IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I l^|28 |2.5 ut lii£ 12.2 li ■a iJil L25 III 1.4 1.6 v] / /: ^> >^ 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 .» first paga with a printad or illustratad impraa- sion, and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraaaion. Tha laat racordad frama on aach microficha •hail contain tha symbol — ^ (maaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol V (maaning "END"), whichavar applias. (Maps, plataa, charts, ate, may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratioa. Thoaa too larga to ba antiraly inciudad in ona axpoaura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornar, iaft to right and top to bottom, aa many framaa aa raquirad. Tha following diagrama illustrata tha mathod: L'axamplaira film* f ut raproduit grAca i la ginAroaiti da: D. B. Waldon Library University of Western Ontario (Regional Historv Room) Laa imagaa suivantaa ont 4t* raproduitaa avac la plua grand soin, compta tanu da la condition at da la nattat* da l'axamplaira film4, at mn conformiti avac las conditions du contrat d* filmaga. Laa axamplairaa originaux dont la couvartura 9n paplar aat imprimia sont fiimis •n comman^nt par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la darni4ra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraasion ou d'illustration, soit par la sacond plat, salon la cas. Tous laa autras axamplairaa originaux sont filmte an commandant par la prami4ra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraasion ou d'illustration at •n tarminant par la darnlAra paga qui comporta una talla amprainta. Un daa symbolaa suivants apparaftra sur la damiAra imaga da chaqua microficha. salon la caa: la symbols ^-^ signifia "A SUIVRE". la symbols V signifis "FIN". Laa cartaa, planchaa. tablaaux. ate, pauvant Atrs filmte A daa taux da reduction diff«rants. Lorsqua la documant ast trop grand pour Atra raproduit an un saul cliche, il ast fiimA i partir da I'angia sup^krisur gaucha. da gaucha i droita, at da haut an baa. an pranant la nombra d'Imagas n^cassaira. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la m^thoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 IimBX OF FIRST LINES. Arabia's desert ranger 95 Around the throne of God ... 1 Asleep in Jesus, blessed sleep 85 Awake, awake, your sleep .... 51 Awake, my soul, in joyful lays 121 Beautiful Zion, built above.. 120 Blessed Jesus, ere we part . .. 126 Blessed be Jehovah, {i)oxol.) 53 Bound upon the accursed trc>e 89 Brightest and best of the sons 46 By cool Siloam'B shady rill . . 50 Bv Thee refreshed with 38 Child of sin and sorrow 25 Childhood's years are passing 29 Children of Jerusalem 4 Children,think on Jesus' love 89 Come, children, hail ^ • « 2 Come, children. Join to sing . 5 Come, let us all unite to siug 91 Come, my soul, thy suit pre. 79 Come to Jesus • 88 Come, ye sinners, poor • • . • . 106 Come, ye souls by sin ....... . 12 Creator, Preserver, Eedeemer 118 Father, let thy benediction. . 73 iPor ever with the Lord 83 From Egypt's bondage come. 99 From Greenland's icy mount.. 8 Gentle Jesus, meek and mild 21 Glory to God on high 61 Ck), sound the trump 66 God of love 1 before Thee.... 87 Qood news from heaven ..... 96 "Had I thQ wings of a doye. . . 84 Inxk! hark! the notes 101 Hark I the Sabbath bell is. .. 80 Hark I the voiceof love,(0!ct2v. ) 122 Hark ) what cry arrests 43 Hark ! what mean those .... 26 Here we suffer grief and pain 28 Holy Bible, book divine * 13 How delightful the thought.. 41 How kind is the Saviour 105 How lovingis Jesus who came 111 Hush'd be my murm'ring ... 82 IhaveaF&therinthepromis'd 81 I heard the voice of Jesus . . .. 115 J lay my sins on Jesus 9 I -sn but a stranger here 52 In the Christian's home in gl. 70 I once was a stranger to grace 90 I saw One hanging on a tree. 78 I think when I read the sweet 7 I want to be like Jesus 108 I will arise and go to my father 44 I would be like an angel 100 Jesus is our Shepherd. 75 Jesus little cuOux'uu blesses . . 45 Jesus, lover of my soul 114 Jesus, tender Shepherd, hear 18 Jesus, we love to meet 87 Jesus yet shall reign victorious 27 Joyfully, joyftilly, onward ... 93 Justaslam 64 Let us, with a gladsoia« mind « Like mist on the mountain. . 97 Little traveUers Zionward ... 81 Lo, at noon, 'tis sudden night 15 Lo ! he comes, in clouds S6 Lord, a little band and lowly 10 Lord,dismi8sus,(J!9»«mi<«ton) 139 Lord, I hear of showers of . .. 104 Lord, look upon a little chUd 8 Low the infant Saviour lies^ 49 Mighty God, whUe angels... 14 My days.are gUding swiftly^ 94 My faith looks up to Thee... 98 My God, my Father, while I 112 My rest is in heaven 77 My Saviour dear 107 Nearer, my God, to Thee.... 123 Now that my journeys just. . O come let us sing to the God O happy day that flx'd my. .. O let our Sabbath evening. .. O may we ataad,{IHsmisswn) *„^ O tell me no more 71 O ye' who feel each other's woes 65 O all ye works of God 47 O what has Jesus done for me 16 One is kind alcove all others. 19 One there is above all others. 86 Our Father in heaven 63 Our home is on high , 20 Outonanocean.(J7bme.&oundl) 92 Pass away, earthly joy lis gPoor and needy though I be.. 67 TPraise God from whom,(2)0flc.) 127 Praise the Lord, ye heavens.. 74 Betum, O wanderer , . . , 86 Rock of Ages, cleft for me. . . J09 Saviour and Lord of all. .... , 67 Saviour, sin & want confess.. 69 See the kind Shepherd Jesus 23 Sinner come while there's. . .. 76 Songs of praise the angels .... 82 Soon will set the Sabbath sun 40 Sun of my soul, my Sav. dear 125 Sweet spices they brought . ., 11 Sweetly the Sabbath bell. ... 72 The Lord is my Shepherd 68 Therei8abetterw.((M«o&ri'<) 117 There is a fountain flll'd 119 There is a happy land 22 There is a land of pure delight 24 They are blessed 60 Time is winging us away. ... 56 To Father, Son, (Doxology)., 128 To Thee, blessed Saviour. • 62 To the Father, [Doxology)..,, 59 To us a Child of hope is born SO We're travelling home to heav. 116 We sing of thfi realms... .... 58 When His sal Ation bringing 64 When motheiB of Salem. 102 When sore afflictions erush.. 124 When this passing world .... 110 Where is now the prophet. .. 48 Who hath believed. 84 Winter's dA9V U., ; tr-^sf" »*~<*J<.i n i..r |.ii..,V-*^— > <■- 1. Around 1^€rli^«^if ^Iti heapr^lH A T^n thousand children stand, ''W!^Sie%i^l(^e^^l»ii^fiChri]Bi:l^gl«^ g " That he^i^ven 80 Drig^ and fiUv, « * ^off.-i 4lA 3«BeeiittM»the S««i0Qv«lied,^l«Ji]ao4>^^^^ >; . .^^ 4. On eatth tii^^i^«4l4'akt«)ut««r«)tA ,. j-«- ■■K* -/:*. .m I''' It;- ■■ IfTTTTffl 5IS!jh#Sw^iMPi»i o • >^ A|i4 etowiii Un Lo«d of all ■*i^^,-,;:.^i j-_;'. r — ■^Wpw-^^^ .-.»*-«-.'/ -.,1, IP Wild rv- mil a ■ fell A, * 3. A star of early dawii and bricrht ,4ite i gibM Uir: f .in^vH f l^by^MAtaikMiik im^SL&tj>luie^,Hn M^m ««K< Join to ^"^^mmfmm itrirnril Praise |^^#iyfM$^9af^.|||lil^ ir*f *» *^^ 4. Par^lMiiWrfiiMi*^^ ' TilUlbH y ^^n^ MtiUSS .W OSIXStr. (Wo. 4in !?AC. songi.) Ite Jftls t»d»ff Hal.l«4iit^! , A ??»•• I^md pniM to Christ 4ivS]acHatl«4iii«h! Av* mMi UtallwilkllMrtA vnicf Baforthl* HaUeloialii Amea! i Load praise lo Cbrtot oar Kingf ^ (^^ ITall^luUh! Allien! Let fl^ wltli liearii and tdfoe» ,' '^ l^ijn la hte |^»#TOacholc^; ■^-~^^- JE^alleltliihi AmenT f f-~ '■ " I af< 2. Come lift yoiif heart* on hlgfi,— itfitZ.^ re,^iral., d:c. it' TAOTBErUl JMMWS^ (K». » «■' !«*»• »W>«» •• »«» ■ SdsJk Far Wi " «i*df# •iMllliii-^iB*^***^!' fi^kftrf, ^ • w •»»•. l.t^ttis'witlra itolfid y<^*'>-i*i Praise;«ie^ii^,,for1jeijHi5d, . si €hteren eon^ ext^ liis mli^t; Join with saints and angels bright.— /V>r, <£? For, dkc. lA,-, ■>/ ( i^ «tirmh 3 All oar wnnlt |i6 aoth mpply; Loves to hear ottr humble cry.— #1jr, «4Hi otoM our IMihert bleit,^ ~ EM fhem to the land of rest.— iV^,^ 5. His own Son he sent to die, Ih J^tond8etoJoyaonhl|;lL^.^^ 3^ 6. Let t&s then with gladsome miiid. Praise the Lord for he is kind.— >or, Jt ' VHB 0HILI>*8 BB8I&S, (No. 7 in & 4tr^'*i|-ijyj-j|J .iluJ_a wmIim* amour lBM»i H««m4»«t AmM^mM. mightluTasaenhiaklMdiook whaa liaa^d,LalUMUt^ 1. 1 think when I read the sweet story of old; How when J^ns was here among m^il. He once calFd little chUdren as lamhs to hfo m§ I should Uke to havis l»een With them then. ^K^^Ji**^* hands Jiad bee^ placed on aijr m A i*?i "}% *"?^^ J* ^^^^ thlowu juround me ; « ri^f**J might haiFe seen Wa ktodlook Fbm Let the little oa^ j^po^ v0f^ pe.^ 1 Yet stm to his footsto Ijn fi^ i^M- WL * And there ask fbr k ^arb df his lo^e : I ahall AAA hmt mtiA "hnim^'itUm ^*k«iwj^ u.^ In that beaoli^ pluiehe la cone to^ pimmL For all those wiorare wasi^4 an4 flo^yens And many dew children are »iM*«rtog Ihm^ ^ For of such is the kiogdom^ of heaveo/* .mitt0m$pafm'*'*'^"'"^ ' -». ' '^^ '<»**^«r'***^ " '*'*^°* fa. ■ ■ i - i ;, I J . ^ I I i ■ . I . , , , . T T ,' ■ ;.,;■;■ 'j-'-; ?!f'j^>. ' 1. 1 layfwyiM wn^^cwil ^4 ■.* ., *:g»<^ ■ He heals all my diseases,— i^* He all iw^'BOWniwttiarefc si '■'■^' •?'' ha A t wit >'^ . i^g...<«^fc^ J-P " * i y> ■ T^-^ Meek, lovi^ gHowry, mtld? •t*' =>i long* tO'WlikiEf J«*1i8, Taw fcotrfi:.i-:?*B'ft^^^i^^^^^^ • ■-•'-^^^^ 10. Qpipi33ia anrior. (1(0. ipif sm. songs.) L«d, • Utttobwft||i4l^t wi^fl^lA^veni Th«r|prto,$ing a aol^leir fi^ng* 11. EEBXTBREOTIOir 01 OHBZST. (N<». 2a in s. songn. Swoot s|>i*«oo tlioftaNigli^tM t^«# ; MMfligfat-od way, :f.. i r"r n r J f 1 1 r r ^^ And csne to Om «i»v»b]f.rtM ;d#vi|ri^ -ff day. 1. Sweet spices they hi^M^ on qi^ way. And casie to the f^^^'^eltff^^ 6 1 Bnt who^ihfB^itPit^f^^^ They said, as^^l^Mi^jENiniJiilr creeping eyes stole ( i>HTti0«&oii6 to teDi(ittd;ia«ai|M Smmr is gone; . a And fiU«y«C]F bMOBiplety*B flftine. ^ (^. Then licftywi*! b«igl|t i^orie* w# soon a^fOl obtoiii, 12 WVlTAlTOir TO JBSfya /(^»* M J» 8i «*«»«•.) «>l«-'il, ^ti J f f'pi 3 f ^ f r r r+Tf^iT^r^h^t[j^ J J i lh«li-*d' tei tilt •«»«»• tliW«^»«^t^'wi«**^^ ^^^ » • wn^w-f'?* 1. Coihe; yd sotfebjir lirfn^lcft^, '^ :i Bytlikt|nAittiairc»niri^^ -^% llucougll ^hecrojw behold, the crown. LoofctoJesu9l loolitp Joifts! ^e^ fl#ws throijgh Him flone^ : ii . Blessed are the 'ejtes that see Mm^ v >'* • Blest th^ ears that hear hJs voice; "^"* -IKeas^a are the souls that triisthlBHe -^ .7^ And 1ni#hn Jioae re^olpe. 2. Take his easy yokd aind wear It, LoTOiHll nmHe^obedieinKee «$re«t; Christ utrtUglt^ you istr^iiigth to bear It, WhHe hl« IHyoitt-gtAdesyonr lb€t Ifefetoi^ryl safetogioryl \ Wheris hk iviisom'd captives meet liffht toiWBiirl^ opeii^ eye% ' j^ 4wi^ilM reit^lie croaa slqypUesi .»<,tii>He wmimiitm\^$'mmimimmf9mi^^ i j^ t' *!•(>*» 'Htt-ljr Bi-ble, book di-yin«, Frf-ciomi tiea-sura^ thou wt m!n». -r 8< MM to^ of J^'84)#4il«p.§^^1Fl^i| aa^oy'qi mpiy uraTf theme Hal - IeOMahHflfJ^r,.|tlr%^.*W!n#'-Vf|«tW>; r ^A - men. Ancieatvf spinal liia|mi>i ,i J " otBi4i^iiek^4fCliie^:i^(iOiifitf|tgXHT M f« -. . > ^ -Shall th>L pMdgfi^imnttBr jn heif _. , .», %^ g,th« s. p ii iit M i C''*» iii|| ;;;j '' 'p L[-"'i ' *''f | i'¥ 'T*^'**^'*'*'^ ^ dew bi*? ' ^>J»'^ite«ii dfi^^^ • ryt '■> ; ' ' ; J »/ • -'t What can aU tiiti^yran DarkneMfO0y«» (i# 1^ i* J ; f > t f ^ What can aUr l^sei w«iiilisr9.l)|^|,^q a « ' '> !H<|WiM8^*t«n^ lfinb# are torn ; Oru^%i«f#3,'tiyi€lard^«$tMfi^ i From h|9ift««dl#a(l m^ihUhMf^ - Hark :^MA)ilQitiMIM}.1l^lMtNll'^i^iN^ qmdM^ ih^aiy td V YOU jr^7 ^ g Left hK?*^#>Jt|a^ii^ TKift TBS Uam WQMXMMX, (1^ Mln^S Aongt.) fiirfi>iiiijijj :t. ;-ait ,i-**«r*«'i*r- ■ . - -iilf'' He came from the land of Cana&n ; He grottft*t aifd^ iled tmbn the tree, That I Ittlgbil; ^ *fip&n««n. A pato of rt^^l^Vj^ to ; ComeletiisgofSQ^^&iHuin. >' In t|«r«ln^teoB-M • U*tioai Who itf liia ii;"Miii i i i nflrii.f?ifr:rM own bo'dy fioth of^'d** fM«fftl* ¥o«litelit«iI(«ttr ains ThoUt ^^ high at a mott»Uiii HaliW «' iitAhlJ»thoL«aib(Wl»o:halhbo'lM« TpU" doD Wo will pralMhim a • gain Whoa Wi^vo pan*d o • ror ^ Jor-dan* 1. Oh, 'i j%..! ^ "a--,a rsr: W::zu- Tlwugh '^ evct From t^Qim tbul: oi^ress vuk-mff^l^ ^c ' t^Thefiottriniily be nigh, WTten ottr iMsoi^ii, fidnt hiBiivlaa^' ^^^^i Shull breottieth^ Iftit sigir >J v ^ ^j^o Ana tfttfw'^fr^ our pillow'' rrT-'^P": SVBim&SmV'0«O^ in Sac. Soi\|4 ^ _ I IN M'M Afc<^-.-^ •■IB** '» Pl- 1. J6»torfc«nfl€r Shepheki, hear 11^^ Bl«8ftt}i3r llttUj kMBb td-night, Tl^iHi^ the da^ne(|fr he tho^ uearjne^ .^- ^ . JII^K^ my isiei^ to iaOrnliig^ l^:«5- ^iffiR 'Thiilk nc^ nwre df friendliMpfr'lioiiow, :*jn— :fW^. <^3|4i?l9lf; h I C?!<)r ¥ ^t^?r: ^^'^fi^*-) Heri torrow'scUtfi i.'iJilk'i'',i:fT ■»..-^ si ■ 1 ,*-»^- 'y***-'M -."^ ::k:; ."SV^ Btitj iffigreiWlfere happy 8ftiiit9#6ptie^ ^ Around tlifinii*r|ght^ ^n^-lpi^i^f r jglows The day which oflear ,fl>i^^ 9i§^ Inionr home ^^n^lMftl)* > , // 9, Onr hom^Ucn* Hil^ > h u; r'- The hdnf)^ aif 1^^iiietiAiis*iig;i> Forsake ^i4^(»MtllliI^' ' / - ^ . ? But *ft«»]6ftt;»^|i^i^f^ Can never e^/j^^j^^Oi^T^^ In their ho|iie,(anjlH|]^^^^ ^ ,Kt.-. 1 '< ^ *y^*^^2^ip^ I '# '>^ *i^ • •■-wy. 1 ^ ■ ' '! i jii ; aa a^ hvmu . «»' wm -<«?■ ^ ^^^^^^ Th<^ is^a hfippy land, Where aliA^ln gloiy standi Bright, hriightaadajft. iff-fnii !? Oh; h^irthey.aweetly 4Bgi ifiT Worthy ItomrSaTlmiriHhifi; T^ud let j|di JMrallMM^M^^: Prals^ prdi«if<«?5ay% fawnB, COlue vwa»j • , , . / .OS -^i 1/ Whdn fhim ski and amoirtredi Lor^ we ^allHTe wifbllM^I Blest, Meat for aye a Bri|hi in tl^ haj^ land Kepi w » Gainer * hand, £^«c«an «c^ W6*te safe from erery snara THE BJf^pS^MKPt ly^^ y ^" ^^^ ^^""^l In . £.BiUday«H^W-^- -,„;..- ban-iiih puia. rnii I'll Come, ehU#inp|#^lir»>f»«j iy^>r(«^ ^''^^ ^''^ ^'^ ^ r njUMTta W M i ll I I ' trumpet lonnd, And then wehall with Jeeui reign, And ne-yer^ " 1, 1 1 II II I, III 1 1 II 1 1 Nil I ;: *; bfl -■fi fk-^r, ^„„„.^ ^ - « ^me, children, march to EmTOanuerBgrouno. And tiie^^ «**P'*«iii*«?«* *#*r,. 2. There ever^tlng spring abWes, Death, IW*t ^tim^^ i«^tt|o thro' sadlsss day. flwOMaMisat i-dols fall-iag, WorshippM one^ bat Bow'ahhorr'd. mJm-VM BOW iti MU>i»f^'| Then thfttt Uirm\ aU lH» tav^jr < Inh«»r'nw«pMt no ■^^^f^ [|pui«twi»btj<*f'^*^ •'•»-**• 1. Here we suffer ffrlef and pain ; _^ , s^c.S w we meet to part again ; EET ^ ™ , ~ . ' ^heir^ meet to part »» 1 All irtito 1<^TB the;iior^ t^ow^^^ When tftey d»e to lieaveil vail g6, ^ Who have sotiglit the totd by prajhMv From every Sahbatti^schooI^Oi i?^ 4. Oh I how h wpy i^ *Wp^^ For oiir SWwrm ^ ^i ^,. f Exalte on his tht<«ie,— 0. ire* - -^ iJ. —^'jt^i eV^i- aing w ith IftVi. And etwttity^#mpl«f ^ nr ^:, li^i Ji^ .(('■i ■.;.'»; Childhood's years fiff ro'wr #i|,|y«iutl||ii}4ffy» wilt '•f- I. I '■ I Jjifi done I ,^^S CWM and ■onrowi.^ ;f****i»i|^^>«|#4Bi« ««$rt»'f|', • ' Him ^ai the ii(^p(hisstr£ , ^ ' ' % His name shall tie tne Prince of T^eanej For-etei%iorejui©ped, '^ * iv TaI The Wonderful, the CJoungeUw, wej .m ^%.. »*..- k o xiu «nw'r increasing still shall spread, L ,UktVa ti^^ler? Z^onw^^ v^^^ "- iS»-'^^'« .j^^.l ^ i-^f.^« ^'^ '"^^- '•^' . "*^ ^ T« Gift's ' ' s " AU our eartMyJo*'^^ !«»»: At *h8»Pi*«J If aught of HI the night concealed, So may it to Thy brightness yield. 4. Oh grant that thua our Jiea«i» within May still be clean from taint of sin, And still our outward lips may raise F To Thee the voice of deathless praise^ li .-■ . ■ . - 34. WHO HATH BELIEVEB1 (Gall.) (No. 29 S. Songa) Who hath b«-li«Ted f Who hath b« - 1 iev-ed t To whom is thine arm Lord T^l ' '"" Hlf'p^ re-veard?TheMe«rsiraheametf> ei^thBut w^ low-lywathi» birth, That hit ma-je8-tyfromniaiiwa«con««oal'd.Bleu-«d Je-inf,kind J«- f f r''^ ^^l;! I ll III I I' I I I II ^ auiitht mii^movly , J??*"* ^* bloM l^a^ f|pr= all hahalOdH* i II 1, Who liath believed? Who hath bcHcfcdL^^,^^ i.d~ To who^i Ja thine arm, Lord, reveal^? :"^^;> The Messiah came to esirth, ^ But so lowly was his birth, f That his mj^Jesty from man was eonceal'df . ^ Blessed Jesus! kind Jesus! themeek^lowty Jisosl We bless him for all he has done. 2. He was afflicted—He was afflicted; On him lay the sins of us all: As a lamb to slaughter led, ^v^. So ttie lowly Saviour bled, ' ' To redeem us from the curse of t)» falU— JBftHflii^ i«. 8. He has ascended— He has ascended. And now sitd enthroned in the sky; But hell come again to bear Alt' fita Utwlv WAnril#t therilL' And ttieyll iNiign as feng« with Jesus on high. Blessed Je^uiif kind Jesus! the meek, lowly Jesus I They*U reign as kings with Jesus on high 'jfti 1'^ m 35. B»I1JB«»^ if pj^m .L^Q..mitS'»' Songs.) i**^ "—t-.- ft -..-aw. -;. thjr w.««: Ti.y F. ■ »h« THy r afcher caUn for the*? - 1 NTo loiurer now an exUeTiaam , - iiSn and misery :-i2e<«r», lefi/m The sm ^ ^^^^^iMTitBm , »Tia madaess to delayi , ^38: - COltnm W Cfi&ISt; (^o 8 (^-it.^ae. song.) •^-^4^ m»^ I^''»ii-^"'°''"°"''' gin • ners d»d.r Tft«-^««a.*»«»'«***« "^ .1- twding. Swell the triumph ^ tfi ttaiiH Ife* • l»-^*-*»*»^ "'* • *•' 1. Lot M comfit wi*^<»^^^^-^^^^^ nw^fmd bomel^^^^^^ ■ i.t l Hise to meetnltn free from tear. Rkneliifaftl HWlduiahr '" High, (Mi Thkie'«*€nBal throne! Saviour, .tafefl,t4ie.#^^^c.iw4r.fi^fg»fT:)r> it Make Th}^ i;i|Bht9Qpj«^Qi¥^Qr]uXQwn. come quWs t> K) opmOf^cilL)]! ! Claim thejKingj^pi;|pr>Tlij^%^ini. 37. HYMlhrO^S^SP^ S Song8.> Je-sutwe lomtntaiBf;:i(bi., i^Ui9'l9li#'>-Jy'flil)^ We worship round thy seat, On this Thy hq • ly ^ayThQU tender heav'nlyfriend To thee our prayers ascend O'er our young spirit^ beilfti*On "twf hjT ho - ly day .: »"* to j,HHW.Co«« to Jr»"f^"* *'*''» 1. Con* to Je#tt8, cjftite to ;J««^ J ^ f» \ ■•tt<"r~ -Pa h\ ■ ^ , 2 He wm Ba^e you, to^sa^ y<«»',, ^i. .t8 • m triWsave you Just tiovT; j^ now he win save ywv fie wiU save you iu»fc»0Wwi » believe feimy Delieve him, * beUeve hhw just now; ;iftisfe now ?MPi<^«j^ O VeUeve hiin just now. 4. Hailelnjaji, tiaUel^Jah, i>..Hall^t^Jah. Amen, il^^ Hallelidato. fiaUelidah, Amen^ ^ -» — ......%...' 89. THE OEOSBOFO^g;^;";^^^ 8Mhis c^w «,a.wt4m«l »«Wtoi»g^oo^*«* writhiaghmb;^ *«^ ' \V , *'^thd«w'dbfow8«i.ofiiuui*t»TljO«'tii.Tbou' thorn I S*« th« drop^ii»g4wth-4«w o prow ow FatotaBdWem»g,who,Ul»« y l^ii^ng l)Ioo(Un4 wltWrni UmU.r, 40 I % I %, "^8 m IKS.) hab; 40. See the fiesh wilh scourges torn ; . *r See the crown of twisted thorn ; See the dreoping death^dew u brow,?p» «iu Son of Man, 'tis Thou I 'Us Thou ! 2. Bound upon th* accursed tree, Sad and dying, who is he ? Hark I his prayer for them that slew, »* Lord, th«y know not what they do.**-^^^ Lo, the sun at noon grown pale! Rent in twain the temple's vail I Trembling nature knows thee now. Son of Man, *tis Thou I 'tlaThoul 8. Bound upon th' accursed tree, Dread and awful, who was he? Though his lifeless corpse was laid In a cold sepulchral bed, Soon the Saviour from the grave Rose a conqueror, strong lo save; Bright the crown that decks his brow- Son of God, 'tisThou'* 'tis Thou I THE SABBATH, (^o. 54 in Sac. Songs.) :'s^' 'ifotm will Mt i^f S«j|>b«t1i aun. Soon the M-crcd day b« done | isTUou' i ^i Bnl an cnd-lMii rest re • naias Whert th« aglo>riom Savloitr reign a,. 1. Soon will set the Sabbath sun, Soon the sacred day be done; But an endless rest remains ^ Where the glorious Saviour reigns 2. Sweet our evening praises rise To our Maker in the skies; But a ihusic sweeter far Breathes where an^el spirits are. 3. Happy they on earth who read Of a Saviour crucifted ; Happier they who see him now, And before hia glory bow, y, 4. Who that endless rest shall gattf^^ '^ vv iio snail mug va&n stonQus MOiiQ r They who here the Saviour ^wn, They thall wofsfaip round his thlrcmei. kxM.1 41. TTIK MIMIBTBY or AMOELB. (y- ^" 8- so-r How rS«^^^^^S*^iiS;^^S!S? «coa 1^^ on our ^- DaUy blSi their Wij^t win^ to ^^^^^W^^ And leave the »*«* *®n8« ^^hftjmw^tfwis aoo^e, Impatientta 1«« s^ »^;»^ «*>**>' : JiJ.ofourtongu.A«rtiatli.h»fty- dcl*N A^dCKeloTty .kie,^ • fc.. i ■ ■■ » "■---■ "■ - -^g— ^^^^^-i-i^— — -*' — ■■'11 '■ V ..■„^.>i.w.h.Thvh..aw...^m...>...^r4°'''^";°^' # f -riri ,- ^, „ ._ 1. Oh, let ottr S^W)ath evcnIiifiL sOo« Like holy mqense Hie* ^ . And lelf^hte <|»*«l*eai 6f' dur icfniRlfe Ascend the Wtty Rktes. 4^;' '-^ > tflmbf»'Bbiw«i^^stydi(yAr«a««t ' And 8.t*yLA^*»oTi alfarft fall! See! thwiBtotiif tdgnji , '^"trir:' t Jii f i I fllill I rVVY-^rrr frr ^ I will arTise, I will a- rise and go to my Fa-ther, And will say nn - to him, Fa-ther, Father, I have 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 ' i $ sln-ned, I have sln-ned, I have sin-ned against H^ .i f.> '' 1 I J l I J fl F F ^^ -^ Heav*n and be - fore thee. And am no more Ji f I f f i J . n ijii j j .;i iiir- worthy to be call-edthy son. I will arise, I 'Ml 'IM ilTll'i Hirmi will a - rise, and go to my ^^^er^ my Fa- then 46* LOTS 07 JESTTS. (No. iO in Sao. Songs.) Jf- tM lit-tl« ehildna biMSM Oh how he Uni f'ond'Iy h« mth Umb prJ. l UJ.fl Bf C f-4ft^4ff4-M Cft-re«*M, Oh how h«loTM Would yott wish to go tohea-Tofli Avkaiidhaw yo V abi for- giv - en Nono from him wort o • Ter dri - rea, Oh how ho 1oto« 1. Jesus little Qhildren blesses, Oh, how he loves ! Fondly ho each lamb caresses, Oh, how he loves I Wonld yom wish to go to heaven ? Ask, and have your sins forgive^; None from him were ever driven, Oh, how he lovesl -t- f '■wMrv^iWM ^^^He wUl men to vour piftyw.-^ 4g| *^^ Although f^6lt)le;tf sincere,— OA, *c. ^ ^ "^o liecwne ft cWM, to sever — You'firom^ln and SaAan ever ^^ ,^t Those who come he'll ca»t out never,— 0/i, dtc 8. Truflthlm—ht will ne'er forget you,— 0^, djrc. HU Almighty %rm protects you,— <>A| dtt. "^^ Truly he will ne'er forsake you, ;^ ' But to endless glovy take you, Eyer, ever happy make you,— OA, g Dai^ttoaour darlt^tMlc kad asU^« lad). ^8tffof^afsVth«lio->lJ(o«.MlAi(>»*nf Q*4d*«^*'*, ./ Q «fr::.Ji-fkMtt||t-d^m«fr U laid. Coldonlti«cnfdWth»d*«r-dffep» jM f r |i ri ' |T|| |i ^p :'S *«n ll^Viag L Bi^ightest and bestof Msbns of theinoming,?^ Dawn on our darkness, and lend us thine iild ; ttarof^heeaafc, the horizon adorning, : Guide where our InfJant Redeemerts laid. _ Cold on his cradle the dewdrpps arji shining ; Low lies his head with the heasts of U^e stall ;^, -^ ^ Angels adore him In slumber reclining— ,» Maker, and Monarch,* and Saviour of all! ,; V ; jj 2. Say, shall we yield him, in cpstly devotion, Odours of Edom,jm4Q^ri»fi;84*yine; ^vir Gems of the mountain* «nd pearls of the^oceg, Myrrh from the f6resti, afid gpid |rpm tM ihine ? Vainly we offer each ainMe pMatipi^-- Valnly with gifts IvoWtfhlifttvour sectire: ' Richer by to Is the heftlrtys «Mlol*«tl6fli^i ^**I>^t^ to God^re tlife l^tayers of the poor. 47. i i MK4aor« 'AyiHK«,'CWo.wiy<^»wi«i.> "Ok, «)t f troika ^«« tOMl'tllM ImM. ^wrt 0rih<& B<^d, )»IM f0,ifl^^^^ 4, Oli^-^.rechlMhpefi of Riftiiklftd, Metoyei tlwt-^- & Ohj^ye the MTrtttrts ttf thetofidl; Messye, 'Ht^ I II m fii j w 1 ^1 i|»*T ■Jlb|lki*l- # ** ^'^iJi; ji i M i ll jf'j. ^ m mf^» i'ir!ili!r'.nfi.i d i,ti:,i3 He wtm r^«l'«te« i f dw^ "' " * r<>f •»^^* f •f^*^'*^!!^ r^"^ W, < ?** fl i y i I | i ' ^ ^ i /j ..i i ii |« )i» n i ii p 'i '"ij > i i |fl ft "i j^ iLU i ' ' '■ if]..> fr"y it''~ |t J II ■*i'wi«* ■jiiiiiwfjp'n .fr i j t'lli/i^ififP. ^g Safe in ti^^tMiM ^ Safe to*the i>roinlsMlartKL ^ ^ '^ ^^ef^« .X^^ J? a where are now^TUttSebmMr ji^»^4^4*^ They .j^'d tOirpiiMih 4. Where They pm^ i^^irer ffp^t^ea^r-4M!< fs { .'inntm M8QM BOW is p¥»«liBf »? tt*!T^W «*' *^^ J[)a -g^^juid ij^,we hope to meet Mm,— /Sq/e in, ^t^ ** O gr^l^rb^fe-wnMili thoaft^gtbrioiis martyrs, ^ ^ jlz'^' i [ » ' SafBih the promised land; / t*^ yp. 4g. ' THE KIKG OF KOrGB. (No. aiTBrilingi.) Low, the in-fapt ^a,- T(otir ilM| H« >7p 4ari in low- *^ j^^Mi ^^i, by iWthW* wtdtirt ir«*i^- King ofklngiand ^^ Lord Of lortirfkrHof..-• Si 7hJ0i£miBm.ire^ 5v :..■;« ,Tic*.. d , J v/ Yet deiBaAds as Bis the , wordSr»T :•. i •> ci ^.. = « -■^ . .^"Kj...*^. i; - Kiagfflf idtogf :^^^ Ufld of towi%:p^ir 4-^tHlte cress 'tlfr«tai'ttUi«iUa«p=^^ t».fj .tii«i.dir«r Kiti t' x^er^iin He yi«ld his claim To these ever glorious words— — • / > i 0%m^n>¥^im 4*^e ihe? woros— Kingi of kinj8* ws^d l^r4 of lords. 50. '4««.>^ By cool SI - lo.am»« •h«-Ay»l!l, Hoif WMt^^ U - ly growt; i fl l-f Mfirr.i| .J LiJ_LLLu J — --- X; Bycool Siloam's jshady rill, j^^ ; :, , . How^ sweet the lily grows! ^ ^ *' How sweet the breath beneath the hill t^ . . Of Sharon's dewy ros6i 2. And such the child whose^ariy^fcftb^^ _ The path of peace hath troa; ^ * ^ * Whojse secret heart, with influehce sweet. Is upward* drawn^aOod. 3 By cool Siloaxn*s shady rUl The lily must decay, Therose that blooms beneath the hiU Must shortly fade away. 1 Thou who glvest life and breath, ^e seelt thy grasce alone, ^ ^ ^^ Jn ^shilmtodd; manhood, age, -and death, MOHNIH0 80NO. ' The morning star ahone forth afax,) p^ ._ . . And yan^uiah'd all his foes. , P^ HThe^angels bright from i^orld^ ^ Uglit ,^ ^ To greet his rising came; ' ^ The Prince of Life with joy they view» While heaven Itaglories o'er JiiM threw. ^.. then haste, to p-ahove the sky, ':;" Their raptures to proclaim. 52. HEAVEN OTJE ** ~f ii» but a •t»»i»*f*r bwe, Heavew Is ifiy hoiffiiJiiiftb df - •«« df*«uf. «••▼«» i»s »y '»^*JJ ?^^*!^ ud, ior-row \ '^^.J^ ^> ior - row %%$mA BouiMl mtf on fft.tlMlt:-Uiid» Hmysb li my '*»«*!'*- ^ "^^ t. tm but a stranger here, "J^ - « : .>*,;;; -^...i.ii ^^._;..n'.- ^- ■ Heaven ismj' -nome ; Earth is a diesert drear, Heaven is m j home : Danger «^ soriJOW stand Round me on every hand j ij Heaven is my fetheyland, ^ * , ileaven is my Jiome. 2 What ttiough' the iempMfemge,-ri5rcat?e», laM^ibrigHB»(tpriiytiBit^.:-»f<> wW.tWbranehe. ting if I ' I 1 I p JJt4- M^rTtT^ Wiii.tertti Flowers and ?bto«woi» brifefciM spring. Birds axnia'tii6tbanokeB)ringi*^rt»rJr'«, d:c. ^ ^^^V®^#^ ^^e apd power Wnich prpiectafltiblrd and flos^er J At the thhe appoihted, still Bidding eacn its sratloh illt-^#/ d;c ,^« can own tlie guiding hand '.^^' I'As i/rmi'meibdy and sdi^ ' All our ^atto-'s iove^ to telL^4i,,,dfec^, ,, , 8^Tbere4ii:eMgJj>ter paths than these, W^ tff aftcrett pftMantnea*;; ^ - Pastured ^r&fgvemtim faify--^^^^- Are our *plri«4 tfareniii^ thier*fii.^f«j^ 4^ But It leadeitti Wfte Go^i^ / ^^,y . ^ Let nsigo^ a pi^mrtiw»dt4, To th&tm9^9n4ikavmimim'^ d^. '4>':-ii ■■s 56 OlfUm W THS ITBJIIt. iVo, 60 m Sac. Son^s.) rim» !• wing-iag m *^ way To #ur:itft»«l ham^i Lift U but a win- 111 I I I II I I I II III I III' I 'I III II Mrt day, A jouraay ta tha tpmb. Youth aad yifpHir aoon will caata, Bloom-ing ji Mfi'l iij>t ii I |-f | Hi i lii ri 5^^i iMfoty iMO itV obaiva, AU thafa^^rnvtia aoMi wiU ba laeloaedia daath'aeeidanna - 1. Time is witigingtis away -'^ To our eternal home; lifiBl^buta^nterVidasrf P¥ ^ A journey to tbe tomb. Youth and vigowr iooii wUl cea«e, Blo(wnln« beauty lose its chtttmaj All that'iimortal «o^ will be Indbsga i9l>eath's cold arras. 2. Time ie win[j^ng us away To our ofceraai home; ; *>• Life is buli a winter's day,n ^^J^ s A journey to the tomb^ ^ i i But the Christian shall enjoy IK^th an4 bcktity from above, Far abote the world's alloy, 57 PRATER 0^ THE HEBDT. 1Wi^ W *» »•« Songs-i j|j II 1 1 iiiii iiiif M III i n Poor aad aaod- y though I ba. jOod Al mlfh-ty e«aa for mai 1 1 I ii j / jiiFP3=f=m I Oifiaino clotliteg,«hal-tar, food, Olrasina all -f iiBTa of good. ^j^w^m^mhM'f^'^^^'^'^ ' haTO of goad* •W>M> f Jjt FOOT' iKi iareedy ili^f h I be, God Ahnif^ty cares for me ; Gives me iflothlng, 4ihelter, fooo^ 4 , vw^^i^^iTM me aU Ihare of giDOd. 2. He will hear me when I pray; Whi' "^^^^ ''^^ ^^«^ and day/ For the Lord my Saviour's sake. 3. Though I labour here a while, A ^7^^^^^ ^^ ^^**^ his smile ; And when this short life is past > I shall rest with Him at last. ^ 4. Then to him ril tune my sonff. Hwy as the day is long; ^ pis my jay for ever be,-I God Almighty cares for me! ^g- J^ ^^^SALltS OP THIS BLEST. (No. 67 S. Song.^^ fair, And oft ar. it, glo-rie. «on.f«i.M, Butwhatirillit b. to * ' — * _ ^^l^^S^ ■1^ 4i> r<» be there! There! therelthere! Oh! whatirill it be to be there' 1. We Sing of the realms of the blest riiat country so bright and so feir- And oft are its glories conffessM;- ' But what will it be to be there I There! there I there! Oh ! what wiU it be to be tlie^^j' 2. We speak of its lieedom from siui - ' - From sorrow, temptation, and care From trials, without and within ;' ^ But what must it be to be there l-^There, d:c 8. We speak of its service of love, Thi «V°^S^ V^}^^ *^^ ffloiiiled wear. The church of the fii^t-bom above; But what must it be U> be there l-r-there, d:c. And shortly ye alio »l,«ll kn^ ' And feel i^at It Is to be there.rr3aB-«, &c ' '%6xO}Ui^^'^* ' (;sfo.|q m^c. Sonera 1 ..j.-l i'l-'i '1^^ TotheFa.ther.,t« lih* «o»,jT<» thl8j>IM«itkpMiii4.* B**'*; One .« Th,ee.ndThreein One. Lord of earth and Tord of h.av«n. Blil,ie-l«iah •^ „'. ' ' \ ».• . .>. u,. t.li H»l J«.iu*il^VAMUfn I, >A - men. 6CK'- •> ' ^EMgy-glCTT^- (yai|g-M-8 ai-io«>gi8d fi:r^*J'V''tnFl> 1. They are Wess^Mwcl %|^^fiov eWN Who AH chHai>oo«r8 W?55 4f y : lO Seek the care of Him, whonevei ^^^^ ^ ^ Turns the seeking 86«V«v»ay. ^^ ^' • T love Jf€8tt% WB^my SwriouJv^ , i ^ L , i ' ^ - • ^ iesu8TWiaiff'> ' Saintt sing ^ M» aiJlW tw*!*, Wor - Ihy the Lamk i; Glory to tGk)d on hig^ ! Letj^rti^ and heaven, r#lyi ?raiSe yo his name. An^lB, h4e name adore Who all > oar narvows bor8ly Our yi^'rHt l h ll r l fil i|rr i ' M ^ ' lljl l l»«»-tien of breadjlt is from Thy hetuity That all niust be fed. 1* OiirFather in. heav»n. We hallow Thy name, May Thy Kingdoin holy > On eailh be the same : ,' M ' ■♦ ' .<, |04. fit ( r Ogive to Mdafly ^^An Oar portion of >read; It is from Thy bounty That alt must be fed. 2. Forgive our transgression. And teach us io know " That humble compassion Which pardohs each Ibe. Keep us from temptation, From weakness and ^n. And Thine be the glory, . . . For ever, Amen. COllZNQ TO CRBI8t. ^*Oh, Lamb of God, I co^t 4. Just as I am*-poor, wretched, bUnd ; i Sight, riches, healing of the mind, T^ft aJl I, peed, in Thee I find, Oh, Lamb of God, I 9«lAt«u«f"Cbri»t, the Hid - ing - place i r *Li^ ■'«•«■.•■ i^, *«^*o«f «^» i^daiR'* wet. mo .. will ^? }ym ■rffl «•? ' Cr o VI w ^hthfe 8gvionT*« botmcllBsil gi^actf, To every semkof-^^diMiris^ztteei' 2. Go Iwtti lo AIHo*«9 ile«iia|iif«Jand,— TI'T^o, f?ltchl»OMil,**-4T'^o, ui',aiK'f * Take us — ^then take us — f All safe to our homel -r- 4 — -~4/Thou glorious Deliverer I .f.:::j_:.-„ ii_ ^t o) .«. How long wilt thou delay? , Bear us — oh, hear us — Great Saviour, away I 68. TB£ LQBp inr fSiSPHEItl). (No. 76 in s. song.>.) The Lord is my Sbepberd how hajipy^ am I, How ten-der j TJ irrnTr')|^ lji :jJi :iJjj alldMrateh^Jllny wantato anpi-plyt Ha daioly; f^- tridwsniewith j^NljflflJJIlT-Friy^ j^lJii raii|ientai^,|i99d What- Vi^; Ha de • niea ine i^sineaDtfor my ^ good. 1, l^e l^prd is xny Sli<^herc(, how hajipy am I, How tender ai>4 wat^hftU my wants to suj^jUy : He datiy provides toe witji i^^o^ei^.t and food ; Wliate^er he denies ine'^is meant for my gbbd. 2. The Lord is my Shepli^rd* P^k^ l niuc^, ph^ His Soar he will teac^ m/e^ my heariheUl r^ew, :i'h ,AB^.th^«<>'<^ Sa-vionr.tiBMdiraiit !!l!!!!:^!fL^^^^ ^^^^ ^f that po^^ ^^, Q^„^ ,^ ^^^^ ^^ pray: All the Hc'i.im «** \i ^~^-~^^*^^=t:ztzB _^_^ '"'"♦'"■'''"■"■uMirM.l.Thyblw.i,,, Rich indeedS/p'SLiX! *^' Wch indeed if thi^^e«{'„^.'^''« ^i:r .1'* *" kneelWo" xTee""" 3«ake US all ^Ine owa way. waufi^WR VHB^wiitBnr; 4 InU»Chr!«tI«»f.hom«l«glotTlV ThereremainsaJMidiif rf»t Wh«r>tl» ^ii^;^^. before iM T»(f»l - M giy«om*>*«^«iMt. OB^ih*' 6tW .idt of Jflidam In th» »we»t firfa^gf 'gdearWlwfth etrefof Ufe «»^^ ' '\» I Lin the Chri»feiatt*s home in glory, There remains a land i>f re«t, tp fiiJi?! my sonl's reauest - ' On the otlietr side of Jordan, In the sweet Iteiaa of Eden. Vliwe t^eJTrW of Lif« i*«bI««iiiHaf, Tfi6re is restTdr y^^r. ■ ■ T»ie^^»**«* ******* ^*'**'5'» . Tb«r«4» rest foi? ypttJ 2. He is -flttftiiti^ Jjiy^paj^?^?^ Which ^etftiiUy, shall stana ; My stay shall not^hf, transient. . In. that holy, happy land.— v;^*w, drc. 3. Pain niKt'Sftflttiesd ^J^;^^^i^, But in that^ceteBttatlicUtttr^, . 4. Death 4t«rf^ *»^y^?'i.^T5Sil^^^^^ Hail wittKjiay*he ha^i^ d«flrn^O« tA«, *c. 6.Sing,oi»hi^,ye2iSS^ri^W ■ ^ T^t^S^'flttd'an '^ntraxwe thf (mglL— 1)« «/i«, <»«- '♦'.* '■< ** i11' .# Mrtthi iMtside ^\f\pom^\ *>.,.. 1ft tm^ ^^ral <£:c. he, dtc* )n the^ ^c. n. KBE HUWWi» oo^raRY, M >* I >ll..». « m." 0^'"'»<»M.Tri..t.». TU. «^ «ri-«>ty|aim.,a, i. oVi ""jS f"»-.«yi-«».M«UWM>t i«S t.^8t crffls me away ViV.*- '^®**ti'»^n*«l^- lite Iota 4. 4na when I'm, to die, Far Jesn. ^^^^^fdme^l caJi W teR why ^ Bat «m I do find, V ""J^. He 11 not beiajSoty waC^nw behind «. Th«m ealnnyni rest ^-^-^ASfewilea. ...... sue wRife t renmm • ^ '""^ *8 name iii 72 SABS4TH BUXB. (^o. 77 tn S«c. Song*.') Sweetly th« Siibbath bell rteeU on the e«r, That in tht hotue of preyf \A&t at .p-pew. Children of Ood it eeemt softly to wy. Kwte to your F*- 1 1 { ; f um x mai urn i iWt honee h«»-ten to pray Haste to your father's honse hasten to prej^ 1 Sweetly the Sabbath bell steals on the ear, That in the house of prayer bids us appear, »» Children of God," It seems softly to say, " Haste to your Father's house, hasten to. pray . 3. Sadly the ftineral knell strikes on the heart,, Wlien from their earthly home kind friends depart, How like a warning voice sent from on high- Bidding gay mortals think they, too, must die . 8. Oft as the Sabbath chimes summon to pray, May we their holy call gladly obey; That when the last sad knell for us shall soun d, Ready our Judge to meet We may be found. yg DIVINE HELP, (^o- ^ *» Sac songs ) 1^1 I I I ir ii T lTimT-^TTl Father, let Thy ben-e - dJc-tlon. Gently fa ll-ing as the dew. J i j i I I II I II ' ill ' i l i ' jii i I? And Thy o-ver graeioae proseoee. Bless n« all our Jou rney through. jtilJlll III l|l ill III III i lll'll May w« e Ter, May we e-rer, Keeplhe end of Hfe in riew) 1. Fatlier, let Thy benediction, Oently felling as the dew. And Thy ever-graclons presence, Bless us all our Journey through. May we ever Keep the end of life in viewl 2. Young in years, we need the wisdom Which can only oome from Thee: llJi ! 74. \e^*'„??h'' ''^^"^ existeuco i-et us thy salvation sea TK pnanged in spirit Then shall we thjrc&ldrcn be When we falter b/S^ war ' danour, hear us when we pray.^ Rz. *!. ^^^^^ art mighty. ^ Be thou then 0U1-, Wind stay «. Praise and bip«irfn«. ^^ -"uowtjr. ^ «*'«»? from «» to «S. JoyfiiUy shall worship Thee. PBAISE THB lOKD. ^"J^tUL^ij, !«..... , ^> t, 1 r , "^^^*<^y<* W in Sac. Songs ) ifr-'fT^ I"" 1|i"T''" ll"'J'|J "/' J ) ^ J Jl p mar-oarwhentri..!. „. «e„ F Be fiu.h'd „y „d ,p!r-it. th. wo7.t I' 1 w 'r:*"'*.'»«*''«»*'--ir *hrt.tyidrf u..i«.«h„« IL^.!^*' «**?»T«ii,tty test i» not Berts, S hA.2 *''<'n'<*i™««'-*«nP*»ierttHals are near? ISt .w^ "I?.**"**'
''« ^irss them all into Jov ' A y^t *'' ?* '-* *"°*'''«. grw^amond and g?m. a with a scrip on my back, and a staff in m.v lian.l 50 i *. $^(*W| tt f ft h^J^e. 4lltf IW Ch!^ It ^vith song 78. TIDB lAM^py QQg.''' " ^ I saw out ,h»ng^iii; on a t>r<«^ la • • gO' 4^f,\ \ Jl.l\,\My^l\U\f^U I Diet and blood, Who flx'd Hto l«n . fnid tySt on ma, Aa f I 11' ' ■! 1 W-^luULJI ( '-2^' oaarHi* ciom I stood, Aa aMur Hta cioM I stood, 1. 1 saw One hanging on a tree, In agonies and blood, «|i Who fi^'d His languid eyea on me, As near His cross I stood. Sure, never till niy latest breath, ¥ Can I forget that look; It ^eem'd to charge me with His death, Thongh not a word He spoke. 3. My conscience felt and own*d my guilt, And plunged me in despair, I saw my sins His blood had spilt. And helped to nail Him there. 4. A second look He gave, wldch said, ** I freely jdlfbrglve; This blood is for thy ransom paid, I die that thou may*st lire." I f ' r r ' ^ ' 9^ Coma mj sou^thj auitiMra • paw, Jo-feu» lorn |o aa*tirer orajw, Ha hiai > M\t has tHd thea pray Thorafarairill aat tttf tft*« »>¥• vriil .in ¥ Come, my soul, ihy suit prepare, J esus loves to answer pi*ayei*. He himself has bid thee pray, Thei-eft)re will niit say thee nay. 2. Thou art Uf'Ai4a UfffTl frinA Hrtltcr* For his ^ace and pawer are such, None can ever ask too much. p- fO- i» aod. i^. A ttrer nay- i 8. With my burdw I begin ! Lord, remove this load of sin i Let thy blood for siimers tspWt, Set ray conscience free from guilt. 4. Lord, I come to thee for Vest 1 lake poaisesglon of my breast; i«^^tu7 ^l^^<«if l^t right maintain. And witliout a rivAl reign. fi-^ i'H&^^f^ « py«ri?a here. ^*^ — ^ Let thy love my spirit cheer : As my GuidOi my Guard, my Friend, Lead me to my Journey's end. ;-N ! h; '^ 'It X\' 80. THE SABBATH BILL ^ •— ^teN^^ b«rt that voice U .U«U«g^^vi«e|.ll4.fro«,^.cJ«e J. I^g! Z,' L Hark I the Sabbath beU is calling/ "Come, oh come;" ^ i . ^ Weary ones, where'er you wander, '''^^* ^ " Hither come;" i'>"n Louder now, with deepet IfeeiingJ- ^^ > > On the heart that Toift. IW a.-iw^r* Wl ••••r^. to the pro- ^^d l^nd ; I'll • • way, Vlt a - way, to tho pro-aaieed land; My li i,. t U..U-UJ1 li' lj rs-r- a_ .a:«=B».rS« »! sji«tk«a»i -^ '<• •^ '^^ •*'*' *MMr'i'i' . (■■—<■ .^t^"* v:!5b' .» «:I; •«-*wiiy, to tne promi #^ imliy, lb (fte promised land f To in^t him,^>»^^,]piipff»J»?fl!Uii»d^ 2. 1 have a Saviouv In thftprcanised land; I hav^ajSjWfiPUJ: intthAproanlsed Ian* My Saviour calls mprv J[)intt8t^|9o; To meet J\li|i>^ |ji^>piQiiiiic^/land. i^^^ii^'as^l ll>f9PP!iniMdlAiidt ^ tmwft.go, tromi^eaiand. 2. T have a crown mthe pr^^d land; I have a ci o^n jjtt tjjie p^pmi^^ l»n4f When Jesus caJlsi^^.Jl mju^ gi^, To wear it m >1^V«T^,p4i1 W* l"* rkway, rlTkway, to U»« prow Wl»«(^ J«iUii eftlls tnte I' tny^ $jo. \om\(ied.]fmdt ..^^ ., ^0, -• To wear itinitbei{>rotnia#dliBind.^ 4. 1 hope tft ma»feyf>u hi th^ prcmi0^4 land^ I hope to meet yaiu fn t\te pi-d^ise^ lan^ At J esua* U%i a joyous Ibandj ' We*U praise him in the promised land, ^Ul wne^. we*tl aWay, to the promised land At Jewf^' i(«ii45& jdx4u# i»#««> . ^ , ^ 82. I'tKivtotTS sTSff jrasui ^ €8 Hath'd Im my murmMag. let ^are<' Ae - fkti, Ja . sui {i a»w m* ^^i to rtte#ni^1w«Hriir»iitTtnbr f :||*^«n <,, y^g,,^^^ ioUaadinp^n. Gentle mn-gelrafcur ^wfgli^e. H»pw of glory roimd ^^mmm^ moldio. AadmMloieifib^iafmiitiA9im^,m Saviour, a Saviour ■^cr PifTii i e-ver Aei:^, ' A ' SfiiW^tiV * 5»<^o«f, 4 Sivlour • . ver near» Hes|>edftrfedtdlre^i'tttiifA toil ta*ih|itel»i Gentle angels near me glide, Hopes otg\6fy tidm& tk^mM And th^i^'li^d^vy^ld^M^ .*■ > .'-. 2. Why should I languish, why should I fear? In sorrow and angtt^l mh ^i^ mnt\ ■■■' ^ Sleeping or waking, in; ]^e)*IWr«4V¥al»< Rtaming or i^6M^,^H^llii^im«^^^ iStntk, ^ 3. Scenes that will vanish smile on mo now, Joys of a momeirfifiR^ fdHted wy li»dw;r Kilt*. ci/>/\t% Im Ki><«»»iBiLf;»a4fr»i_kj.^m^ ...^ a. L ^^ * There wiUefxid M^«dlr^$#;,^ B^or evef vrith the Lord, • t'"'' Amen, 8d let it beta «»^« »"«*^ ^tetot^fi»> , Life from the dead is In that word«- S^ 'T(i Immoftllity. Here in the body pent, ^ Absent from Him I roam; Tet nightly pitch my moving t^t A day's iti^rch iieaxer home,-^ k_t,i^^ :^i^- ':~r-Nearer home, nearer home, v^ ,..i,A ^i^y'^ roar^]^ i^ai:er hpi^e. 2.^y Fatl>0v's hpftse on^hlgji. ,, i Home iQfmy vsonl, npyr^neftr* yrtw «i xn*' vi . f At times, to iTaith'^ fftreseeing j|yet , Thy golden gates wpear l-rrr^Pr* ?*?> f^- 1 3. My thlvity.^pUlt falnts^o , .J40H To reacji tl|e land I lore, uimk The bright in^h^rit^nce Qf safnfc*, Jerusalem above.— iTere tw, d:c. 4. For;eveu with the I#ordl Father*: if !tis lyj^y wilJti i^abiiiv ,?^ ^uv'^Theimwaiw^of^h^^iwt^wjMM^ ^niiuf^ji Ev'n here to me ftdflL— iSfere m, ]oxiT ABd iiHe eternal gain^— jyer? i»* «&c y ^i CI- 84. e.KnpwlnffM|amkijown, f1?J®P^JA*?^^^ ^^0 throne, For erer with the lord !—^a^^ ^-e. PAK,fAEAWAY. .::«^r 3r the flow>r. .n yo? bdep^hai blow Qre^gre'a thtbowV, I'll i I I I 1 ill n 1. Had I the Wings of aaoTe, I would fly , Where not » dou|Jj|'S„W5c'y:':-' fadeless the floire^in'^^j'^ae*? flKTwo* Hearts, Uke theJr gannents, arepure as the snow, aa '•'•'te away, far away ' ?A VtwpWJ^tW*- mat ■' *«»■■»«— LOne (here Is ^\)Ove all others, *^wM'4?8erves the name of Friend ; -It^P^t^QyOnC , f^f^ • tl 2. WhielLX)! allottr fiilendfi 4© tai^^us^ Cotrid^t'^tfwMr«Bd< H^-J; d>y!IUp.py d»yl WluB Jt^>-w«h'dmyfa»» >- r||r|iii^ll«p-Vf «y«»«P-P7 "^ ' "-^ , , -1 f^, ^tUi'f ■•)>•« ^^V.p-PT4«ri^ d.yWh«J-.'-w«liM«y-».-w.y. 1. happy day, that ftx'd my chojcj On Thee, my Saviour andmy God! WeU may this glowlpg heart r^jolce» And teU its raptures all abroad. Happy day I happy day I When Jesus wash'd my stay way, He taught me how to watch a»d prayt And live rejoicing every day. Happy dayl happy day V ■ ^ When Jesus wash'dmy siM away. 2 happy bond, that seals my vows ^ V ! To Him who merits aU my lov^I Let cheerful anQiems flU^Hls house, . wkiSto that sacred shrine I move.-irtfi)i)y, Wfgl^^*^«■^^V^> ^°^ 1 Come let us all unite to «"«vg.-G?^*»3°^ E».h m his heart «5*^JJS^'^**' His spirit tnrn'a ou« night «> «*> l,„ . j, i. ' And now we ean rsjoite to 9»y.T-««<« «• *" ^ 11^ ft- •mi ' in»1fe. And ,d U lovel r- . V ■»» -*■ s, Ac. :: 1 0 This shall.be stUl our sweetest song— (?iDiMKle, d:c* i. Into the htirbonr of heaven we glide ; We're home at last! Softly we rest on its bright silver tide ^ We*re home at last 1 Glory to Jesas, our dangers are o'er, Safely we stand on the radiant shore ; Glory to God, we will shout evermore I We're home at last 93. JOYFTJIXT, JOTFOTXT. ja^^rtrlfg fl rl l r'f f i r' t rl ff JoyfuUjjojrfuI-ljroBWsrdwcmoTt Bound for the land of bright ipi-riti ririrJ-f i r-f rife fP ^ Frircrirr. ri p ttbov* JaratMr fltaiTiour in merey Mjrs Com* Joyfullyjoy fully haat« to your homo. ■^' n \ rn\nt\ \i n[\n mm SoMwlll oar pitgriniage end horo b«Ioir, Soon to the preienec of God we shall gO} ^'/firfri^F fii?f'grirtfir fpir ii rhtaif to JesasoarbMrteMTcbeecgirenJoyfullyjoyfuay, rettweiohMTMu 1. JoyftUlj', Joyfully, onward we move, Bound for the land of bright spirits above: JesuB, onr Saviour, in mercy says ** Gomel*' Joyfully, joyfully, haste to your home. Soon will our pilgrimage end here below ; Soon to the presence of God we shall go; Then if to Jesus our hearts have been given, Joyfully, joyAiUy, rest we in heaven. 2. Death with his arrow may soon lay us low, ^ Safie in our Saviaur, we fear not the blow ; Jesus hath broken the bars of the tomb, Joyftilly, joyfWly, we will go home I ."JBrlo'lit will the mom of Eternity dawn. De^h shall be conquer*d, his sceptre be gone; Over the plains of sweet Canaan we'll roam, JoyfWly, joyfully, saffely at home I \ I / rite ms. Ifo; I v= 94. 3. Friends fondly cherished liave passed on before^ Waiting, they watch us approaching the shores Singing* to cheer us while pasaing^idong, "Joyfully, joyfully, haste to your homel*' Sounds of sweet melody fall on the ear ; Harps of the blessed, youc strains we can hear, FilUng with harmony heaven's high dome: JoyfttUy, Joyfully, Jesus, we come I TH£ 8EINIKG SHOBE. /jtj i j.ij J iJj mill f I iij III ^^ My d«]rs«r«gtid>ingswift-ly by. And I, • pUrgrim stranger. j f»j i j. j'jJUjJi i MrJ rn i 1 1 Would not de-Uin them as they fly t These hours of toil and dan-ger. fl \ t ftr \ (tiV \ ii\ f i JJ i i For now we stand on Jordan's atrandOur friend* are paaning o - ver» And, just be-fore, the ebiniog shore W« aI>aio|t ttay dia • co- var. 1. My days are gliding swiftly by, And I, a pilgrim stranger, Would not detain them as they fly ! These hours of toil and danger For now we stand on Jordan*s strand. Our friends are passing over, And, just before, the shining shore We almost may discover. 3. Otir absent Lord has left us word, Let every lamp be burning ; With eye of faith we look afer, Our happy Home discemhig.-^/br «otr, d^e, Z. Should coming days be cold and dark. We need not cease our singing; That peifeot rest nought can molest. Where golden harps are rlnglng.-^/'or noWf die. 4. Let AArrriur's rnrlpef fAmruaaf «>{aA Each coi J on earth to sever ; There, bright and joyous in the skies, There is onr Home for ever.— /*or note, d:c ■ESSIAH'S BEIOK. ^ lT"r*"'' i ' i -y t^ n r T ' r"" ' i ' ii ^A- • ' Mi^Mtff i»>«iit wttiHikt,- Tb'CMftiyMit bow the kneei i:>"J'»n^" '^■^ Tbt Bth * I • o - |Man fttraM^ffst Hi» glorryt Min« (d see { WtA- •ff-'Ttpg« of d*^ -^ rt^^tiwikf hliif »■ from (he i«U«Ui»U aMii^ !!F9 pevR^lMWMKltlKtf o^oMM Ita trubitoiftt His feet, l.Jtoliia's; desert Tafiiptr, To Chi'ist sIiaU bow the knee; The Ethiopian strarger His gplory ccrme taiseer Ships fh)m the Isles shall m^efe, IFa pour tliie wealth of ©ceaa in tribute at nisTeet H Kings shall fall down before Him, And gold and incense bring; All nations shall adore Jllm— • : His praise all people erng: For He i^all have dip tniniotv O'er river, sea, aid s^iwij; Far as the e!agle*» piiiJon Op d^vef sf l«%h« wl ft^* can soar. 8. Tb lUm -ihait prater unceasing, Anne shall rest ; FroMi' age t<)>^igie move glOEieust All blessing and all bl es|» a ^ 'mf The tide of time shall never ^ His covenant remove ) . ),S . Hfananbe shall standi for i6vci^;t Hb great, best name of Love, \ & ' I-'-' m GOOD NEWS FBOU fiSAyEN. 'if\ Good news from heaVn, good news for thee, There flows a pardon filH iiiiii 'iiiiiiiMiiTfrr and free, Tog«Uty»iiin«*«,thr(/ the blood Of ths Incarnate Sou of God. Hi paia the 4eht tbat : i. i I j II I'll f I'lii I jTim iihott di4«t o«re, If» MrfM^ ;deiili»f«iii7U)e» Meirt Heboro thew/»tk\Wwi*^/<«t ,th«a, .HfcgrofiB'd *nd .^fed- V Cal-va,-ry. Ooodnewii frfm lieav'q good mv im tbfte«\Th(rf> &oy»^» pwdgn Wlw>d iiMiiiii r I'll!'' ' ' M.:i^r.t^|-^^^fi|f1 | free. To guJUy •ianti«,thco' the bloed Uf the iinQwate-teviof God. 1. Good i»ews f rom Iwav'n, good news for thfee, There flows a pardon ftill and free, T<^ guilty shiners, through the blood * Of the Intparnftte Son of God. He pcild the debt that thou dtdst owe, He stfflfer'd deatfaforihee b^ofw; He hare the waath IM^rmQ for thee. He groan'd andfblsfl on QfilFary.'^(?oo^ n&m^ ^c. 2. Good news fromihenv^ny goodTnews for thee ; TJie Saviour cries, *' Come unto me / All ye who toll, with Ifears oppre&t, -^r'r~i V Come, weary one, oh, come and reat r* He loivesribhee witho'erflowing iove, He hears thy prayer in heaven above, H^^iHrthy pasture ^hall prepare, l« And lead iihee with a Shepherd's care.-*-6^0(f nms^i^c^ a Good news from heav'n, good news for thee, Has echoed from. eternit^y J And loud shall our hosaimas,i:iiVgi When with the raasonj'd.fcbi!OPg we sing,— Worthy the Laml», twhioee precions blood Has riiudc us ki^i^^a^d p^C9tsrtjQ-0od,^ Our harps we'll tune to noblefit<8tr«lins, Asid glory give»fcc^ Him who reigns. — Good news. I 97. Lt TO A SAVIOim IXT. P"f" 'r i t^^ tH ' ili l l Tt^ •••» 8« iwift-liy ^^^Likemht on the mounUin, likatliiptoa the ■••, ji'll I III I l| l|||M|j the yean of onr pil-grim.age fle«| T'* I llllIlM I 'l| ""ill I I II III MOB WM elton If. : Dear chiMreB, |«- day. to • Sm-vl . our ily. fathera hoir 98. P^® ^^?* ?? *^® mountain, like ships on the sea. So swiftly the years of our pilgrimage flee ; In th* grave of our fathers how soon we shall lie ! Dear children, to-day, to a Sariour fly. 2. How sweet are the flow'rets In Aprfl and May t But often the fiosfc makes them wither away, iJ^x®,*S^'^ XP^ "^*y fade:— are you ready to die? While" yet thei-e is room," to a Saviour fly. 8. When Samuel was young, he first knew the Lord, He slept in his smile and rejoiced in his word ; So most of God's children are early brought nigh • Oh, seek him in youth— to a Saviour fly. 4. Do you ask me for pleasure? then lean on His breast For there the sin-laden and weary find rest: :?ri^iy^^^y of Death you wiU triumphing ciy— " If this be caUed dying, »tis pleasant to die I" FAITH nr CHRIST. a^feMNfH^^ Lamb of Calvary Soviouf dl »too Now boM mo "'I 'I "II 'IIJ|I||J while I pray Take all my fuUt away O let me from thUday Be wholly TtAa^ My faith looks up to Thee, Thou Lamb of jCalvary, Saviour divlQ« f Now hear me whUel pray, Take all my gnSlt jlwaw^ Olet me from this day ' Jl« whollsF Thine. / 9 I « I /# 'Kt'ly ihovr le! »reast *i« lariiie nila» M \ 99. P 2. May Thy rich grace Impart Strength to my fainting heart. My seal inspire ) As Thon hast died for me, may my love to Thee Pare, waim, and changeless he, A living Are. 8. When Life's dark maze I tread. And griefs around me spread, Be Thou my giii4«^ Bid darkness turn to day, "Wipe sorrow's tears away, Nor let me ever stray From Thee aside. 4. When ends Life's transient dream, When Death's cold sullen stream, Shall o'er me roll 1^ Blest Saviour then in love. Fear and distrust remove, O bear me safe above — A ransom'd sout | THE 8PIBIT1TAL EGYPT. i i jijJ f ripi-fi i I I iiilj III r ■il From Bgjrpt's bondage comoWhcro death & darknen reign We seek a fill III I Ti'lll rf rfl IHIj I t new, a better homeVVhore wo our pi new, a better homeWhere wo our rest ahall gain Where we oar root ehall gain, Hal- le-lu-jah! Hal-le-lu-jah! Ha - le . lu-jah! I^m r' I'l I ji I We are on our way tc God, Wo are on our way to Cod. 1. From Egypt*s bondage come, Where death and darkness reign, We seek a new, a better home, » Where we our test shall gain. Hall^uiah ! We are on our way to God. 2. There sin and sorrow cease, And, cv'ry eeimict 6*er, , We there shall dwell in endless peace, Nor thirst, nor hunger mora— jSTa^.. d:e. 100. Enraptured myriads 8hig, / And love in ev'ry bosom xeignx / For God himaelf is king.--j^3/.,4t<;, / 1 W^ hjape to join jt^*e tljrong, And all tbdr plea3u res share, And (ling the everlasting soQg Wit^ all the ra»ioj?)'d thei;e.-r-^a/., dtc IwQtUdb^WkM^jMyr^l^ Andiirith ttie»9g«Us>iWl, , A crown upot> myfor«li«ad, A harp ^-HWpwlWi^ThtBfigMbflr.Mjiiiy Saviour So «loriou.*«»bdghtrd*d.cih.^e.U«t««.fcAndp^^^ I ■;i-**r-^^ T" 4 f-..- i J i^o»W 1i>e like an angel >^i^>^Bd with the angete standi A crovrn uppi^ mjforehead, AMit nShB foefoDemy Savioar S0 fi^<»ioas and so bright 1 4 wake the sweetest music. And praise Han jiay^d jii^i^r f. Ineyer.would beiweavT J^or eyer shed a tear, * Nor evei' know a sorrow Kdr«verfeel^fear; * But blessed, pure, and lioly, 1 d dweU in Jesus* sight, AM, wiJih ten thousand angelp, , ,. Piaj^e Urn bojth day amj^night 8. 1 ^owtrm w«^ and sinftd jPi^ ^Mtis will ifHsgi'm^ Trocrmanylittte children H^v^ gone to Heaven, t© li\re « ^f*«» i»^-J«e wjw^n la difl, , Crsend a Jhlnlmr^ngel till To bear me to t^g^ngf the sk / own upon >»r. So 5 y&aighi ^ I 101 m i Oh there 111 be an auge^ And wltli the ail gels statfA, A crown upon pay foi^head, A harp within my hand; . And there, before my Saviovyr, So glorious ^nd so bright, I'll wake the hearenlj mnsic^ And praio6 Him day and ni^t 0IAB TJtBUNCffit ii*i ■ 1 AfWiV^rr^ ■■t ■« Hilar liH ma as mbh ■« m aaii ■ ■■ « Mnaa Hull t* wk! th* note* of ^y RoU o'w th» haavcidy^ plain* A«d MMpht iai' ^ "I'M I'll illil7i I III I III •m-ploy For their aublim- eat strain* Koni« new dehght in heaven is known -ni ' -rip' u ^l^i-. Loud ring the harps abound the throne I.oud ring the harps ralfee#es^^^2^' 7odJ:c. M . ^».' 102« BUTTER LITTLE CHXLDEEJT TO GOHE. / X ,i|i M J I ;| iii f I m m 1 1- Whra motlMrt ofSaltatlMirehUdMBbro'tte Jmus Th« tUrn dit-ci- piM dr«v« thtm back k bad* thtm dcpnrtt But J«Mi« Mw thr m era th«y fled, 9t j j f Nhii i i r ff i-f r i frf r » •WMtlyMBlltd ft kindly Mid. Puffer liltl* ekildreti to com* un-to M«. J. When mothers of Salem their children hroufrht to Jesutt The stem dlselples drove them hack, and hade them depart Bnt Jetus saw them ere they fled, and aweetly smiled and kindly said— ** Skifller little children to come unto He." 3. For I will receive them, and fold them In my bosom t I'll be a Shepherd to these lambs, oh f drive them not awavi For if their hearts to me they give, they shall with me in glor) live; ** Bnfter little children to come unto Me!** ■*'\ 3. How kind was our Saviour to bid these children welcome. But there are many thousands who have never heard His name ; The Bible they have never read, they know not that the Saviour '< Suffer little children to come unto Me i** ^ ^ ' 4. Oh! soon may the heathen, of every tribe and natiout Fulfil Thy blessed Word, and cast their idols all away ! Ohi shine upon them flrom above, and shew Thyself a Ood of love» Teach the little children to come unto Tnee ! 103« LIKE JESXTB. fji Lii ^ij jir i'iJ II I Jif i hii I want to be Uka Ja - sui, 9o low - ly and m maak ; For so ona nark'd an ang-ry ward Tbat a-v«r btard kin spaak. L I want to be like Jesus, So lowly and sd meek ; Far no one marked an angry word That ever beayd Him speak. 2. 1 want to be like Jesus, ^ So frequently in prayer; Alone upon the mountain topt He met his Fatber tbere. dit-ci- fl«d,ac Ma. part Kland kway, n gion lit* • name I Saviour ! loflove» mMk; ijwak. w b^i »ll 104. 8. 1 want to be like Jesus, I never, never find That He, though persecuted, wa» . To any one unkind. 4. 1 want to be like Jesus, Engaged in doing good, So that of me it may be said, ''She hath done what she could. 5. Alas! rm not like Jesus, As any one may seei gentle Saviour, send Thy grace And make me like to Thee. EVEN n $ FfFFF? m Lord, Ibwofthowwof ble«-Ing Thou wt •wt-frlof full wd ni l 1 1 iii 1 1 iiii I I IN I fr««Sho«rtntlMthirftty land ro.fre«h.lii«; L«tiom«dfopping«fAllo« " III I III! I I (ITT71I mo. B • Ten me, « - van me. Lot ■omodropplngo fall on mo. 1. Lord, I hear of showers of blessing Thou art scatt'rlng ftiU and free; Showens, the thirsty land reft'eshingj Let some droppings fall on me— Even me. 2. Pass me not, God my Father I Sinful though my heart may be; Thou might'st leave me, but the rather Let Thy mercy light on me!— Even me. 8. Pass me not, gracious Saviour! Let me live an d cling to Thee ; Oh, I'm longing for Thy favour; Whilst Thou'rt calling, oh, call me— Even me, 4. Pass me not, mighty Spirit I Thou canst make the blind to seie Witnesser of Jesus' merit. Speak some word of power to me— Even me, 5. Have I long in sin been sleeping— T ^.%« Vaa«« a1ttfln8ti?0»g an^' boundlesa,— Magnify It all in me!— Eren WW. 7. Pass me not—Tliy lost o»e bringing^ Bind ipy h^art, J^r4 to fbee. W)»U»t tbie streiW^ of li:fi^ are spriuging, Blessing otbejs, ph, bless me I — ^Even me. 105. TOE BATWUK^B XaVR How kind is the Savidor Iloirg»ea|^4» his 1ot«! To M#s»«ilt> tie cl»il4-reii He came from a - bove; He left ho - ly an-geU and ilwiii brisht ik'bodv. To dwell liec»wi*oUUreii Asd leMhthaM tbtrond. -- HJMrgrwrf? is His lore! .^ To bless Uttle children He came from aboYe; .: . He left boly angela, A»d tbelr bxigbt abode, *m c!'^ f - A^a^teach them the roaA 9. ^6 wept in the gardent And died on the tarae^ To opena fountaia , For sinner* like fUae; B5s Wood is tha* fi)wntaln, Which paixlon bestows,,, And cleanses the foujiwt Wherever it jBowB. .Tr 9.Be went back to gjouyrfc But lf3ft us Hia^wofd, ^Vj^ jj,^*^ ,, .Wth^ch^tOllt from our 4^aoh«wi«jarts to infwiiie» , Wtth jpy i» His servlcij, And love to His name, ■' 5M. MX IfiW^v ^ S.* no tao;r«., 2 Com s ye weaiTv li«w^y *^fi^* H you tavry *m yo«^'e^^»JJ^ ^.r r, You wm never t»xn««t;aai. — Not the righteous,-- " Slniiemi^sW^^^S?^:*^^^^^' A Let not consclenb make you Uuger^^ ^-^^atSfemnes&heretjilM^ Is ta feelTQuar need of UUU). 1^^. tl^e Si^^ ^W^ J^^^^"*^ 4. J,o.5, th' ln<^^^^^^it^of ^^^ •■•^i T^ 1 1 I' I I iljjl l|| fe=^=r= i y i..,aa,a.,LJ 1 .IJJ' J.'1.1J_.J..'.' " 'J "^•t r 1-4 1. My Saviour dear! my Saviour dear 1 • I love to think of Thee ! Fain '^W I wnnd, through all earth's bound. Thy life and death, whUe I h»>e breath. . „ - My constant iiieme shai! be ; And all my ways, throughout my dtys, ShaU speak Thy love to me. 2. My Saviour dear! my Saviour fiea-' I long, I feint to se6 Thy lovely face, in yon Uest p&ca Ti.« ™**" MS* prepared for mc There, dothed in light, with angels bright, , ., I M worship and adore : ' And love and praise-through endless days A trophy of this poww. "'» "»?»• 108, BEEF DEDICATION. i^ 'III 'ili-U-UJi ^^^^^^e^^ I'li .Uy,b,^o« I f«r.th«„«. Andgiri«y...lf to Ood. 1. Now that mv {nnvw>Ai»«a t^gi. v^-.^^ My course 8o little trod, ' 1 11 stay, before I ferther run. And give myself to God. 109 S. What sowdwii may my ste{>s attend, I cannot now foretell ; ' But if the Lord will he my Friend, I know that all Is well 8. If I am rich, He*ll guard fty heart Temptation to withstand; And make me willing to impart The bounties of his hand. 4 if 1 am poor, He can supply Who has my table spread; Who feeds the ravens when they cry, And fills His poor with bread. i And, Lord, whatever grief or ill For me may be in store. Make me submissive to Thy will. And I would ask no more. 6. Attend me through my youthful way, Whatever be my lot; And when I'm feeble, old, and gray, Lord, forsake me not EOCE OF AGES. lUckof A-gei^ cleft for me» Let m« hid« my - M ilf {b Thee ! Let the wa - ter and the blood From thy wound* ed tide thai flow'd. Be of sin the dou-blo cnroCliiBteme froa ite guilt and power. Cleanse me from ite gniU and poweiw 1. Rock of Ages ! cleft for me, Let me hide myself in Thee 1 Let the water and ine bioDd, From Thy wounded aide that flow d, Be of »1n the double cure , Cleanse me from its ^ilt and power. Cah ftiifll Thy law's demands ; oould my tears for ever How, An for ski could not atone ; liiou must 99,Ye, \nd Thou alone, 8. Nothing ih my hatiil* Mirtfiiff j Sfttiply to Thy cross I clinjil Naked, come to thiee fordtess: Helpless, look to Thee for grace: Vtte, I to the Fonntain tLvL Wash me, Saviotn-, at I d& I * S?"® ^ ^^'^"^ *^^^ fleeting breath j When my eyelids close in death ; When I soaT to \^orids tlnkn<^w*nl- |®f J^je on Thy judgment thrones Rock of Ages! cleft f?r me, Let me hide myself in Thee! MO. TBLiw mucM I OW^ When this passing W6fld'i5dw«»,Wh*B In* sunk yon glo - rioiu «iii^ ^^^^.W^l* Chris, V.l««, R.„«„., 6, „..4,,4».ft^ ,„., T1.0I., Lord, shall I >l.ly know. Not UA thin, hiw;:;;:^; When has sank yon potions stitt; When we stand with Christ abovk y- . ;5?nsom^« l>y redeeming love: ^ 3^"!,,^-d» shall r fiiliy kito^^ JNot till tnen— how much I owe. rtW» ^ •-S^ 2. When I stand before the throne Dressed in beauty not my own, Love "iniee with uiwinning-h^rtj w^f'^^tl?:^ •*'**^ ^^^> &10W- Nofc till thea-how n-uy^t^^r^. 8. Ev'ii on earth, as thraiMft « tJ^ass, ^" Make forgiveness **fel «© sweet; \ . Make Thv SpirU's.help so meet: ^« ^%^' • Ev'n on eartli, Lord, make me know rr:~: Ij. q^Q^en ijGt Ibr good Injoe, : " \^ftkep.'jil ttp from ¥firftth to, fiie^ 3fi[li(jl,aen i^ the Sayibur's side, By thQ 3pi rlt sancti^ ed : Teach me„l »»iiutjr pr^^i^^-^^. 4. Oh ! give tben to, Jesus y^^K #rU^ day»5 They /CttiiA' ^r^ blessbd who walK la his w^b : In life aSJilfi death He will still be their friend; For those whom He loves, He will love to the end. 1 12. Ti^^T HY WnX BE BONE. pun fi :\ I. My Gad! my Father I While I stmy Oh^^'S ™y ?«™« injife's rough way. Oh teach me from my heart to say, "Thy will be clone 1" ^' ^ I/rT^®^ shouldst call me to resign What most Im-ize ;~it ne'er was minet I only yield Thee what is Thine. '^Tliy win be done r * S*®S? P'"*"*f sickness waste away My life in premature decay, ^ ^y .^ther," still I '11 strive to say. "Thy wUl be done !*• ^' 4. Renew my will from day to day. Blend it with Thine, and take away Whatever makes it hard to say. - "ThywiUbedoner* ^ ;. 5. ^en when on cai-th I breathe no mora The prayer oft mix'd with tears befora ril sing upon a happie shore, ^ "TliywiUbedone!" ^ JEBVBJS ttlNE. ^1- l^^^g^^ -f^^J^^:'•f^~". ^'''W■ J.-...U ml.., B^i^^^. '^^mm Break every mortal tiiL-^Aon. u «:«::": ^ i^ara is the wilderaess,' "~ ^^^* ' '' Distant the resting-place; Jesus alone can blessj— Jesus Is min^ ' ^^ ' 2. Tempt not my soul away,— /e^w* is, d:c. Here would I ever stay,--Ve5M5 is, dx. Perishing things of clay, Born but for one brief day, Pass from my heart away,— -/esMs is, dc. 3. Fare-ye-well, dreams of night,— /^sm* is, &c. Mine is a dawning bright, — Jesus is, dc. All that my soul has tried Left but a dismal void, Jesus has satisfied, — Jesus is, dc, 4. Farewell, mortality, — Jesus is, Ac, Welcome, etermty,~n/(e5i« w, i^ Welcome, ye scenes of rest, ^ "^ Welcome, ye mansions blest, i^ii;:. Welcome, a Saviour's breast,— /esMS is, dc Mki inr; 4, JESUS THE EEFU6E. ' !""■' f r J K CJ r"rJ t±f-r rhN^ Jesus, Lover of my soul, Let me to Thy boasom fly, hl^^:^^^ X l l J U Lj LJU ^ r IJ J .li l Wliile the nearer wa-ters roll, iVhile the tesi -pest stiU is high. Hideme,0 Qiy Sn-viouz hide, Till the storm of life be past t ^^=frJ^MU^r l U r r r I i I iS Safe in 'to the ha - vea gui4e> ^ O receive my soul at last. 1.. Jesus, Lover of my soul, Let me to Thy bosom fly. While the nearer waters roll, While the tempest still is high. Hide me, my Saviour, hide. Till the storm of life be pastj Safe into the haven guidt, receive my soul at last 2. Other refuge have I none, M^'' Leave, oh I isave me not alone, dl StUl support ftnd cmnfort ma All my trUftt on Thee Is stuy'd, All my help from Theei' IMniTt Cover my defeiicelcfiis^ h^ad With the shadow of Thy wing. a. Plenteous-grAfcft with 'Th^eiS tottwir Grace to pardon all my eia ; Let the heallh^ iJtt^tohs abottndj Make and kei&t> trie pure wltfiln. Thou of life the fountain art, Freely let md t^tke of The« ; Spring ThOii Upi^ithln my' li6Att, Rise to aU eternity* lis. *tt^ ^0^^ 0* rtlWtf. Ihtardtb ? «of J«-sus»y, *'Com« un-to m« and M»t| If f ' Mf frl I eun* t*. J«-W« •» I was, Wea - ry and worn and sadj liji i ' iiirMii r I iiJ^Jn.iiiLii i fodM in ttita * rtrt-fiig p1ae«, An'd Me hasmade *^ gUd, li I heard tTw voiise of Jc8»*Wr *• OoJne unto tnei Atid r«fct ; l.ay dwiwi, th^u weary one, lay down Tliy head upon my breast." I came to J^^tis as I %as; Weary ahd W6rti atid iA6d V I found:Tti ttm^ x^t\n''p\^(S^ And He htfs iViadfi mie '^d; 2. 1 heard the voice of Jssus say; •'Behold I freely glT^...^ The living wafe^r; thlrdyon^^ Stoop down, and dfink and ui«^ . 1 came to Jewish arri I ^aHfc ^^tfat ^^A n iw,-^i« : Mlh i i i « :.«rf'y i>< Mna f V#i i/invw My thirst wiisquciw*!^, miy wwa rfvived, ,^ j-V .J* I ^J Jieaard the v^qp of Jewie flay, ' ^ " I am tbjbi da^li woridfs %Jit ; Look unloto*, thy mom /shall rtaei- AnaalJ thy a^y be l)nghtr' I looH'd to Jeans, aad I found In Him wy S<>ar, my Sun ; A^a .in that, I,ight of life I'H walk. Till t;rav11in^ day^ ^r? .donjev " 116. tj. i J I jnJi/pN ir f . 11 , J^ We're travelling ^^^w^.^l^Ji^ijreji^iKbone,, /jyiU you go? Will f^-0f toeing the SaTiour's dying love, WHl yon gh? Will you go? Mll-Uons A»vf,»e«ek'd «|i«t blest a - bode, A--n«vite«l liiiigs and priestM^to Ood; ' r;f J:''J'".J'''>f'j; rhZfljrf'!''F''''^-l j "^ J| AnlJRiUlRlB mozft vrr OJEL ithfi..jraad, Will yeu jg^ JVii^ you 90? 1. We're travelling home to heaven above, ^; WUlyoug©?^ f-o Aing the Saviour^i 4ying love, Will you 4j;p!?i Millions have reach'd that blest abode, Anointed kings and priests to God ; And millions more are on the road,— Will you go ? 2. We're going fe^fieetha bleeding l4Mii>h,w"TrtW, Ac, In joyful stfajo^to pmiBeliig uaa8»e^r-F.»^/, dtc. The eiijftwn of life we Wiere sliaU -wear. The eongueroi?'* palms oiu- hands shall bear, And all the jojys qf heaven share, — J Will you go ? S. We're going to jodn th€ hetvenly ohoir^rT-TrtW, Tora^^ OIU' voice and tune the lyre, — Willi «f7C Ther« isatnts and angialjS gladly siB^ Hosannah to tlidx/ Go^ md King^ Will you go? 4. Ye weary, heavy-laden come,— W^//^ Ac. In that blest home there still is room,— Tft7( Ac The Lord is waiting to rccclre If thou wUt on Him novo believe, He will thy fainting soul relieve,— Will you go? 6. Oh sinner turn without delay,— TftW, Ac. And seek to find the narrow way,— H't/A dtc The Saviour calls aloud to thee— . , ., Take up thy cross and follow me, • ^' - *- And thou Shalt my salvation see ; — Will you go? U7. OH! 80 BRIGHT. Tbert it a better world tbey say Oli so hrigbt Oh to brij^bi Where ti« and woe • >e done a- way. Oh lo bright Oh so bright And mn-tiie filU the balmy air, And an-gtls bright and pure are I'ljB^ iJ'jjf.-i-^mJ-JpiirFni there. And faarpe of gold U mansions fair Oh so brighH; O^so bright 1. There is a better world, Ihey say, — Oh, 80 bright! Whei^ sin and woe are done away, Oh, so bright ! .,h MV« And music fills the balmy air, And angels bright and pure are there. And harps of gold and mansions fair, Oh, so bright ! Oh, so blight I 2. No clouds e'er pass along its sky, Happy land ! No tear-drop glistens in the eye, Happy land! They drink the gushing sti-eams of grace, And gaze upon the Saviour's face, Whose brightness nils the hol^^ place. Happy land ! Happy land t 8. Though we are sinners, every one, Jesus diedt And though our crown of peace is gone, Jesus diwd ' We may be cleansed from every stain, We may be crown'd with peace again, And ill that land of pleasure reign. Jesus died I Jesus died! TH£ DITIKE KEBBEKEB. Cr« . ■ . tor.. Pr»-te>.ye ^Rt.dMm^r of ™,a, dj . y,^, jbM f rnn i rl i 7-T-f i | 4^^ ln-ter.c«M^r a-bortt O when bhall th« song of Thy prau ^ i^ * '"• "**"* ®* Thy prau. ^^TI^ I U' l rT f li I III III !■ II CB ba • ffin. Or finnr alial) I m^^I, ># rm... • • .. •a ba . glD, Or how aliall I apeak of Thy Ioto? Haa-Tea ia ^ :? r Ulhng.Andaarthit lavealing, What wondera Thy mercy can prova. 1. Creator, Preserver, Redeemer of men, Divine Intercessor above, when shall the song of Thy praises begin Or how shall I speak of Thy love ? * Heavdn Is telling, And earth is revealing, What wonders Thy mercy can prove. 2. And do I not love Thee, Saviour divine The chief of ten thousands to me ? ' Yes, infinite beauty and gloiy are Thine, Whose brightness no mortal can see. Angels shall bless Thee, And men shall confess Thee ; All worlds shall acknowledge Thy sway, a Thine, thine is the kingdom, the wisdom, and power. The glory and honour supreme ; For ever and ever my soul would adore The unspeakable worth of Thy name ! gloiious Saviour, I'll 8l WmjIKMm. ■ntn h • •*«ni«r«irtH*iIVlt|lNo«*I>r«1»* ftmmtiil l u **i«l'i »ri«* H^i^^^^ Ailthedr;ln %hile ; Beauuful harps through aU the chotr; Bean^lfi^ strains^ that never tire ;— ThBH hheia 1 Jolil tti« ctiioim i^'d^U "^ WbmfplpiH ftt the Savi<>«l^*i ifeett : 8l Beaiitiliil crowns 09 efenr brow^ Beautiful palms the conqueribrs show ; - Beautifiiii robes the ransoni*d wear; Beaiitifutiail^lie enter tn^e;— Thither Ij>ress with eager feet: Tbereiihau a^y^test b^^^f i^nwciit. "■ iTBeflfuHftilthi^ne of Cffil^ cmrinngr:^^ #«aa^^) soDgst^e angels singt^ eautifiU rest, all wanderings cease ; Qa(litlfi(diiiliiiei6f!perfett peace ;^^ IWif^ lha fr tl^^eyes^ny^-Si^^^ BA»t.e to tbia heavenly heme with me. mn mmBJBf. ^ «^% Awak;'mf90u1f fa Joy-fol lajn, Toslagthf great Ee^ deem - «!i j^M^titjiut-ly cl«lmf W 6«Dgliom mi*. Utttov-titg. j!JJ|f rEff i frr nirMr.r i. rf i" i^ kindness, HisloYlrg^dndncMObow free HUloving.ktndneesOliow fr?# 1. Awakt^tfty sotelj in|0)tf«llay8, _A To shi)|¥hy tfl^t Red^etrN^ipi^ef He jt»tly ^^tewft§ w ^bng frsflto nie ^ His IfMtfiHcindiic^s, hew «refei 2. He saw me ruiriM by th^ fAlL Yet lov^dknewtwrihstittdWg^I!* • He saved me from my lost estate, Hisloirtng-kfndtiessi^hewgKiatt ^ . 8. Often i^fed myitfn^ tieatt ■ ,j , Proiie norainir $avltmr to aepif^ -' f : ,^ But thotigh 1 tinve Him ofir flM%'Howipettbti«i]Hrroar«v*if c^li^ .j.i, JIJ 4 ^ ill lJ. iAi J. )lli iMK'Miijiiift ^^9^^ ^f ^Mip i irtato aril* Re-mem • ber rtlU that ,Mtii p^a^j KtHrt)^ Um 4Mr iTran ar • Vj «ye. 1. When sore aiAi^lQtvic^'i|8|ii^&M|a1, And rit'n is.cveiry d^k tfe,' The heart ]|ittst;dit^p t0 g6A,1i\^m^ trough urakiefiii liightsi whcn,.r«Jk'dtWth pain, On bed M^»ii8m0lila0;ytlKli«^ Bememberf|«^U OmA^CM isiiBar ; He wip^f^sUtmimm'WiK^Mte. 2. A few short arear^Hfid kdl i»^*er; Your 9onK)W«^-9aifi-^mn s€K>ft f ass hjs flMii lean Sa fk»t» on >Goa% dilM* Bmr ' H^ wipes ti]l!w^;fce^,ftTW» ftwiy fy* Oh I never hiiyf)MM|4,<»^,jown, Nor let.yoiir JW .d^jspc^ rf^h; Assured that Gt^ Ml^ tU^c is Love, Wm wipe t|g,t|f^j(l;9»M*?i93|n^Q. 125. .f-'i." MjmtifMs^ M^n^ ^ ^mm ^ bun of my soul thon SwHaur daar It4t not niglit {f X^on be near { O maynoearth-boznaloujMriw To»biA»Tb«« firam T^ lerTaat's ayes. 1. Sun of nay souT, ti[i^i| S»|(^r dear, It is not Diffllit if l^uu. liv -Mk^tp I'd hide Thee ftom Thy servant's eyesf 0im Hf.f^tthly 7 IjJ l | • • 'ry ©ye. 1th pain, «r| O V > r & Abide with mriW) till eve, . I, ADide witn mjrivr)i»tiiorii tuiei For without lliee'rcaAiiot live; For irlEhoixtrtli^ t4Are^iiot:li& IK When tlie soft dews otf klttdlysMe^^^ ": My w^riedvoyeMft, gently steep,. :Ja:lBa^1sattii'i( }. 'I^lo^pf &« ©; , i; Y, EDITORIAL NOTE. JjThi^ ^* 4 « tW? Httle note must be one of gmtitude to the Great Head of the Church, for the sinmiLr ac^Inn! with which He has favoured the former ffi^s ft! CnttT- °'^?^""'' ^""P- ^^°'« a Million ATO A H^„ OF w^i" *^* aggregate, have been sold; whUe, from^r^ iS^ion W^.^'i"^'' ^^"•=*'. tl^" South' Seas, and miny nT^i L i ""^fv^ '^^"^ received, '-•epeatedly, expressioM of the benefits it has conferred upon the Uttle ones Not^ few have passed into the region of sonir above whnrr. if! sweet strains and holy sentiments%iv °leW wonThif? ^jn^u''!^ *°r? "^ **' '^Wch is now in the reader's handa td* ^fjs'^ .J'WMwojw have been made of tunes and words f tL f'**T**?y?"-^<«>'^ i° tl»e market. ^ *^*^ thA f;i^ "^^iu^**" ^"^^ bestowed upon the selecUon of s"p<^ra"i?St*Sr°'^ *» *^ Who looiTnto itrai1k"thy^ tei-gely of Hig Spint on many of our schools aa^^lilS, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / O {./ ^ 4 A^ p 1.0 ^>^l^ -114 ■— HlUL. 1 1.25 1 1.4 ..6 ^ • 6 ___ ^ ^^ 9fk 7 /i CG ^>>' ^JJ >^ ■»'* ^'<^* •• ^''' Of,. Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^Z^^ '^>^ "'4S 25^ APkiCA, of Yarriba, founded by the Fella- taht. Ango'la, a country of Low«r Guinea, extending from Congo to the Coanza, which divides it from Benguela. The chief traffic is in slaves to Brazil, of whom many thousands are annually exported. Angor'nou, a town of Bornou, about 16 miles from Kouka. Pop. 30,000.-12, 40 N. 14, 37 E. Annobon', a pretty little island off the W. coast of Africa, belong- ing to the Portuguese. Pop. 3000. Ar'dra, an industrious city of Western Africa, on the Slave Coast, about 'J5 miles inland. P. ?0,000. Ar'ish, or El Ar'ish, a flrontler- town of Egypt, towards Syyia, on the shore of the Mediterranean. Ascen'sion, a small island in the South Atlantic, 685 miles to the N. W. of St Helena, frequented by ships on account of the great abundance of turtle and tish. — 7> 56 S. 14, 24 W. Ashantee', a kingdom of West- ern Africa, extending about 300 miles inland from the Gold Coast, and ix)sse8sed by a warlike people whose king has conquered many of the surroundujg countries. It is thickly covered with forests, and abounds in gold. Assou'an, the ancient Sy&ne, the frontier-town of Egypt towards Nubia, situate on the eastern bank of the Nile, and surrounded by mountains of granite. Opposite is the celebrated island of Elephan- tine ; and about three miles above commence the cataracts of the Nile. At'las, a lofty chain of mountains, traversing the greater part of Bar- bary from N. E. to 8. W. The height of Mount Hentet has been estimated at 15,000 feet above the sea. Ax'um, a town of Abyssinia, with a Christian church. In the prin- cipal square is a remarkaltle ancient obelisk 60 feet high, of a single block of granite, and curiously sculptvued. Pop. f 000. Azores', or Western Islands, a group in the North Atlantic, about 800 miles from Portugal, to which « U;>v Hi^lnnsf. 1'hsv consist of nins islands, of which St Michael is the largest, although Terceira is ♦'.c residence of the governor. The Azores are exceedingly fertile, pto- ducing the fineat winei, orangei, and lemons, but are subject to dreadful earthquakes. P. 205,000. BABELMAN'DEB. See p. 215. Bad'agrv, a large and populous town of Western Africa, on the Gulf of Benin. Ba/tr el Abiad. Bee Nile. Bambar'rn, a kingdom of Central Africa, on the banks of the Niger. It is fertile and well cultivated, and is irrigated through its whole extent. Bambouk (Bambook'), a moun- tainous country of Central Africa, between the Senegal and the Fa- lernd, celebrated far its rich gold- mines ; hence it has been styled the Peru of Africa. The climate is intensely hot, and extremely un- healthy. Bar'ca, an extensive but steril territory, consisting mostly of sand, between Tripoli and Egypt. The ancients, however, had flourishing settlements there; and consider- able remains of CyrenCt Ptolemais, &.C. have recently been discovered. Bassa', Grand, or Great, a sea- port of Upper Guinea, on the Grain Coast. Ba'thurst, a town and settlement of the British, at the mouth of the Gambia. Pop. 300a Beeroo', a country E. of Luda- mar, and N. of Bambarra, on the borders of the Great Desert. Begar'mee, a country to the S. E. of the lake Tchad, and to the E. of Bornou, with which it is al- most constantly at war. Benga'zi, the ancient Bereni'ce a sea|)ort of Barca, on the east of the Gulf of Sidra. Population 2000.— 32, 7 N. 20, 2 B. Bengue'la, an extensive terri- tory of Western Africa, S. of An- gola, between the Coanza and Cape Negro. Bengue'ia, San Felipe' de, a sea- port, tne capital of Benguela. Pop. 3000.— 10,53 S. 13, 50E. Benin', a kingdom of Upper Guinea, extending along the coast of the Gulf or Bight of Benin. It is intersected by a number of es- tuaries, now ascertained to be branche* of the Niger, by which that great river discharges its waters into the Atlantic. Benin', the capitiU of the above kingdom, situate inland, on an open plain. Pop. 15,000. Be'nowm, the capital of Luda- mar, where Mungo Park was de- tained gome time in cnptivity. Berbe'ra, a seaport between Cape Guardafui and the entrance of the Red Sea, a place of considerable trade. Ber'goo or Dar Sal'ey. See Re- marks, p. 250. Bia'fra, a country of Upper Gui- nea, bordering on the Cameroons River. Bir'nie or Bornou', Old. See Remarks, p. ^50. Bizer'ta, a seaport of Tunis, at the head of a deep bay. Population 14,000.-37, 17 N. 9, 50 E. Blan'co, Cape, the mo»t western point of the Sahara or GreatDesert. -20. 47 N. 17, 2 W. Bojador, Cape(Boyador'),apro- moiuory of Western Africa, S. of Morocco, stretching far into the Atlantic— 26, 7 N. 14, 30 W. Bon, a cape N. E. of Tunis, opposite to Sicily 37, 5 N. 11, BCna, a seaport of Algiers, near the ruins of the ancient hip' no Ite'gius.-^G, 54 N. '., 46 E. Boii'dou, a kingdom of Central Africa, between the Senegal and the Gambia. The king's residence is at Fatteconda. Hon'ny, a town of Upper Guinea, at the mouth of one of the branches of the Niger, which carries on a great traffic in slaves and pulm-oil. Population 20,000. Bor'goo, a mountainous country of Central Africa, VV.of the Niger, divided into several small states, of which the principal are Niki, Loo- goo, and Fandi. Bornou. See Remarks, page 250. Bor'nou or Bir'nie, New, a citv ofthe above kingdom, the residence of the sultan. Pop. 10.00!). Bouibon (BoorbonR'), a fertile island in the Indian Ocean, about 400 miles east of M loaxascar, hv. longing to theFrench, 18 miles long and 36 broad. It is almost entirely of volcanic formation, and a moun- tain in the S. emits flame, smoke, and ashes. Pod. 106.099. St Denis, the capital, has a pop. of 9000. Bout'sa, tile capital of a fertile c.ountry of the same name on the 253 Cla ppcrton and the Landers were well received by the natives. Po! pulation 12,000. tn^fo-'i k''''^'' ''^"^<* ^y ♦he Por- tuguese Nun, one of the principal branches of the Niger, which 'se- parates nito two channels befor« reaching the sea. The natiga! tion IS impeded by a dangerous bar at its mouth. "»"ar C.VBES, a gulf of the Medlter- ranean, the Si/r'tis Mi'nor of anti- quity, indenting the co.ist of Tunis Ca'bes, ase^iport of Tunis.on the N?W,ToE. ^°^* 20,000.-33, 50 Caffra'ria, the country ofthe Caf- tres. See Remarks, p. <2U. Cai'ro, the modern capital of *:'gypt, and the largest city in Af nea. is situate near the Eastern bank ot the Nile. It is in general 111 built, but contains many elegant .T'2 N. 13. 18 W. 1-un'chal. the capital o( the island of Madeira. Pop. 20,000. fiinMa, alarge town of Central Alrica, on the Tchadda, near its ^Ti m"« ''^ ^"^^ ^'Ser. P. 60,000. «rH A?^ ^'A, a large river of West. "H Africa, whici) rises amnnw »i,„ iMouniKins of Kong, and fallMnto the Atlantic, south of Cape Verde. Gibral'tar Straits of, between APRIOA4 255 ?m3? ^"^^ Africa, unltlbg the ^ilul'' in? Jhe Mediterranean. The breadth of thechnnnel, in the narrowest part, is 1,5 miles. (lOid Coast, a country of Unnei Gu.nea, extending from E Apol Ionia to the Rio Volta. on which the British have severalset- tlements. . Gon'dar, the capital of Abyssi- nia, now in possession of the Galla. Pop. 6000.- 12. 35 N. 37. 3> E. Good Hope, Cape of, a celebrated promontory of Southern Africa, wnich was discovered by the i^or- tuguese navigator Diaz in H87. and was doubled by Vasco de Oa- fs'' o!? ^^"' JM°^- l*»7.-34, 22 S. 18, 28 E. The British colony "of the Ca|)e of Good Hope, railed the Lape Colony, occupies the S. ex- trenriityofthe continenr, and ex- tends from near the Orange River on the west, to beyond the Great tis\\ River on the east. Goree', a small rocky I'land on the w-est coast, about », mile to the l-rench ; with a town ot the same Zll' ?[![u"8'y I«rtified, thecapi- P, V*l' ^^""'^ ^^'^^^^ settlements. Population 3000. Gr ham Town, a town of Cape Colony, tothe W. ofthe Great t i^h River. Pop. 3000. GuHrdafui (Gar.iafwee'), Cape, a bold headland, the mo>t eastern point of Africa, near the Straits of Babelmmdeb.— 11, 41 N. 51, 12 E. Gum ea. the name at first given to the countries on the western ^Ofs^ deeply indented by the great gulf of the same name, from Cape Mesurada to Cape Lopcjs, and afterwards exte.ided to the Angola coast. See Remarks, p. 243 irn^V^"';?* ^•'""^ I'-'Oi) miles from Cape Negro, the nearest point of the AfVican coast It is i8 miles in circuit, and presents an immense wall of perpendicular rock from 611O to 1200 feet high. »t Helena is famous, as havine been the abode of Napoleon Bona- par e, from 16th Oct. 1815. till his death on 6th May 18:>1. Poi, 600p.-l.'».55^S.5.42W ^• Vfh^^^'l* ^^ iieiiiarkg. p. itO. JAtO'BA. a city of Central Af- rica, on the Tchadda, Said to be largfe and flourishing. 255 AFRICA. Je^d Kum'rah, or Mountains of the M()on, an extensive chain in Central Africa. Jen'nd, a city of Bambarra, in Central Africa. Pop. 10,000. KAAR'TA, a kingdom of Cen- tral Africa, W. of Bainbarra. Kair'wan, a city of Tunis, once .1 S9raccn capital; with a grand mosque, supported by 500 granite columns. Pop. 40,000.— 35, 40 N. 10, 25 E. Ka'no, a city, once the capital of Houssa, and still the chief seat of the caravan-trade. Pop. 40,000. —12, 5 N. 9, 20 E. Kash'na or Kasb'ina, a kingdom and city of Central Africa, to the north of Kano. Kem'moo, the capital of Kaarta, in Central Africa. Kia'ma, a country and city to the W. of the Niger. The inha- bitants are rude, but hospitable. The Landers found many of them dressed in Manchester cottons, and the royal house adorned with por- traits of British characters. Pop. 50.000. Kir'ree, a large trading town on the Niger, near which commences the Delta formed by that river. Kong, a kingdom of Central Af- rica, between Bambarra and Ash- antee, traversed by lofty moun. tains, of which the Jebel Kumrah appear to be a continuation. Kordofai/, a country between Darfiir and Sennaar, at present subject to the Pasha of Kgypt. Kou'ka, a city near Lake Tchad, the capital of Bornou. Kuiree'chanee', a town of the Boshuanas, in S. Africa. P. 16,000. LA'tiOS, a town oti the Gulf of Benin, at the mouth of a river of the same name. Pup. 5000. Lai'takoo, a town of S. Africa, thecapitaldf the Boshuanas. Pop. 6000.— !27, 10 S. i.^4, ."50 E. Libe'ria, a colony on the coast of Upper (juinoa, near Cape Mesu- rada, founded by the Americans for the settlement of free negroes from the United States. Monrovia, the capital, has a population of 1000. Loan'da, St Paul de, a fortified seaport of Lower Guinea, the ca- pital of Anguitt. FOp. 6000.— b, 48 & 13, 12 £. JLoan'go, a town of Lower Gui- nea, tho canital of A kingdom to which it gives name. Pop. 15,000. — 4,37S. 11,48 E. Log'gun, a populous district of Bornou, S. of Lake Tchad. Lo'pez, Cape, a long and narrow peninsula, on the coast of Lower Guinea 0, 37 S. 8, 35 E. Lou'is, Fort St, a town of W. Africa, situate on an island at the mouth of the Senegal. Pop. 6000. Lud'amar, a country of Central Africa, N. of Bambarra. The na- tives are Moors, and the most in- tolerant Mohammedims. Lupa'ta, a chain of mountains in E. Africa, on the west of Mo- zambique and Zanguebar. MAl)'\GAS'CAK, a large and beautiful island to the E. of Af- rica, from which it is separated by the Mozambique Channel. It is 850 miles in length and 21^0 in breadth : the interior is traversed by a chait^ of lofty mountains, covered with valuable trees ; the fertile plains along the coast are watered by numerous streams. Pop. estimated at !j,000,COO. Madei'ra, a fine island offtheN. W. coast, belonging to Portugal, 37 miles in length by 1 1 in breadth. It is famous for its wine, and also for its salubrious clunatc. Pop. 100,000.-32, 37 N. Ifi, 54 W. Magadox'a, the capital of a kinf^- dom of the same name, on the east- ern coaet. The inhabitants have ill ways shown great hostility to Europeans.— 2, 5 N. 45,49 E. Manda'ra, a kingdom of Central Africa, to the .S. of Bornou, bor- dering on a chain of lofty moun- tains. Mandln'goes, a mild and hoppi. table race of iie>f roes, widely dift'us. ed over Senegiinbia and the in- terior of W. Africa. Ma'ntca, a town in the Interior of E. Africa, on the Sofala, the principal mart for the trade in gold and ivory. Mar./vi, a lake in the interior of E. Africii, s.itd to Le300 miles lung and 30 broad. Mareo'lis, a lake of Egypt, to the south of Alexandria ; it is 50 miles long, and 20 broad. Ma'suaA, a seaport^of Abyssinia, on an island in tiie Keu Sea, yiii'ri a considerable trade. Population 2000. MaUri'tlug or Iile of France, an 18 and in the Indian Ocean, 500 inueB E. or Madafiascar. It is about J 3U miles in circumferpnce. and produces sugar, coffee, cotton, in- uigo, and ebony. Since 1810 it has belonged to Britain. Popula. tioi) 93.308.-20, 9 8. .57, 28 E. Mejer'da^i, t he Ba'^radas of the fu'"*?"'/ * '■•^«'" w'^'ch flows into the Mediterranean near Tunis. Mehi/da, once a flourishing city on the eastern const, now com- pletely destroyed by the Galla. Mrq'uinez. a city of Morocco, situate in a fine plain, watered by numerous rivulets. It is a favour- ite residence of the emperor Pop fi0.000.-33, .58 N. 5. SSf W? Mera'wd, a town of Dongola, In Nubia, on the Nile.— 18, 17 N. 31. Mesura'da, a rapid river of W. Atrica, which rises in the moun- tains of Kong, and falls into the Atlantic at Cape Mesurada. Mesura'ta, a town of Tripoli, near the cape of the same name ; It carries on a trade with Central A'rica.— 32, 23 N. 15, 9 E. Mocaran'ga or Monomota'pa. a country of E. Africa, to the wkt ot the Sofala coast. Gold-mines are fouml in it ; but the interior "«'"iost unknown to Europeans. Mog'adore, a seaport of Morocco, on the Atlantic. It is situate in the neighbourhood of a barren waste, but makes a fine appearance Irom the sea, and is the emporium of the trade with Europe. Po- P"'?.Von 17,000.-^1, 30 N. 9, 44 W. Momba'za, a seaport on the coast ot Zanguebar, situate on an island, with a good harbour, and a considerable trade.— 4, 4 S. 39,38 Monasteer', a seaport of Tunis, with a considerable trade. Popu- lation 12,000. . Mornc'co or Maroc'co, the an- Sl^'il, ^««ri^a'nia, an empire in the W. W. ot Atrica, and the most im- portant of the Barbary States. Mount Atlas traverses it from W. to L. and from N. to S. The re- gion beyond the Atlas, corapre- lie.iding Dirah, Tafilet.andSegeU ; "7 .• tciu3 iiic nnesc uaies, iiui .^?t "5*'/ KWtiually in the sands w ine Sahara. The government is AFRICA. 257 the mo«t rigid detpotlim, the Will of the emperor being theonlylaw, and the lives and properties of his Moroc'co, the capital of the above empire, situate on the N. ot Mount Atlas, in a vast plain covered with date and olive trees. Pop. 50,000.-31, 39 N. 7, 38 WT Mourzouk (\Ioorzook'),thecapi- tal of Fezzan. and the chief seat of the trade with Interior Africa. Population above 2,')00- Mozambiqtt. 33.000. Por'to Fari'na, on the site of the ancient U'tica, aseaport of Tunis, at the mouth of tht Alejerdah. Prince's Island, a small i^lan!1 in the Gulf of Guinea. Pop. 40( 0. QUI LLl'MANE, aseaport of K. Atrica,at the mouth of tbeZambezi. Pop. 30(0.— 17, 58 S. .^7, E. QuilW, a seaport of Zanguebar, subject to the Imam of Mas( at. RAB'BA, a large city ot Central Afriia, capital of the kingdom of Nyfld. It excels in the manufac- ture of mats. Red Sea. See p. 233. Ri'o Grande, a river of W. Af- rica, which ojttns into the Atlantic by several estuifiies, opposite to which is a group of islands called the Archijielafio of Hissagos. Rosef'a, a town of Egypt, at the mouth of the western braiH'h of the Nile. Pop.13,000.— 51,25 N. 80, &BE. Hox'o, a c^iiPOii rne w. cosss. SACK'ATOO, the largest city of |:cntral Africa, capital of Hous- la, on » tributary of the Niger. Pop. 80,000.-13, N. 6, 15 E. Sal'lee.a seaportof Morocco,wlth a fine harlmur. Pop. 12,000.-32, 17 N I). 12 W. , T^ * Saha'ra, or the Great Desert. Seep. 24':>. .u c w Saldan'ha, a bay on the b. W. coast of the Cape Colnny. Sallee', a seaport on the W. coast of Morocco, at the mouth of a river of the same name. It was formerly a great stronghold of the Mooiish pirates. Pop. 10,000. New Sallee, or Rabat', is on the opposite side of the river. Population 25,000. SaI'vador, St, or Con'go, a city of W . Africa, the capital of Congo, on a steep and rocky hill. Popu- lation about 24, (M)0. Se'go, a flourishing city of Cen- tral Africa, capital of Hambarra, on the Niger. Pop. 30,000. Sen'egal, a large river of West- ; iL Africa, which has its source in the Mountains of Konp, not far from those of the Gambia and Rio Grande. In its progress through the country of the Foulahs it is swelled by numerous streams, and, after a course of about 950 miles, falls into the Atlantic. Senegan/bia, the name given to the countries of W. Africa, water- ed bv the Senegal, Gambia, and Rio Grande, extending southwards to Sierra Leolie. 'Ibis extensive region is divided into a number ot states or kinedomn, and inhabited chiefly by the Foulahs, Mandui- goes, and Yalofis. Senna'ar, a city of Nubia, on the Bahr el Azrek, or Blue River. Pop. yOOO.— 13, 33 N. 53, 30 E. Seycherie**, a group of 30 i^^lands. in the Indian Ocean, of which Mah^ is the chief. Pop. 7000. Shiir'y, a large river of Central Africa, which falls into Lake Tchad. See Tchadda. Shen'dv or Chen'dy, a town ot Nubia, near the Nile, the empori- um of the trade of Interior Airica with Fgyptand Arabia. I'op.OlOO. Si'dra, a large gulf on the coasts of Tripoli and Barca ; the Syr'tU Ma'jor of the ancients, by whom the navigation was considered very dan::erous, from its quiiksands. crn Africa, watered by the Rokelie, or Sierra Leone, on which the Bri' AFBIOA. U»h fonnad a lettlement In 1787. Tht climate is extremely un- healthy and fatal to Europeans. Pop. Jn 1836. 37,403. *^ Siout' or E-^mout' a cUy of Up- per Egypt, on the Nile, a place of considerable trade. Pop. 12,000 Slave Coast, a country of Upper Guinea, extending from Rio Volta to the Bay of Lagos. Soco'tra or Soco'tora, an Island in the Ipdiaii Ucean, about V20 miles east from Cape GuardafuL It IS mountainous, and produces the flnest aloes. Sal'ala, a country, with a town of the same name, on the coast of Eastern Afr-.ca. Soudan' or M-ri'tia, the name applied to the partoJ Central Africa lying to the S. oj the Great Desert, and to the E. of Senegambia. It comprehends the basin of Lake Ichad and the regions watered by the Niger and its tributaries. Spar'iel, Cape, a promontory at the VV. extremity of the Straits of Gibraltar.— 3), 48 N. 6, .53 W. Sua'kin, a seaport of Nubia, on the Red Sea, with a good harbour. Pop. 8000.— 19, 5 N. 37, 33 E.'' Su'ex, a celebrated isthmuswhich connects the continents of Asia and Africa, and separates the Mediter- ranean from the Red Sea. It is about 70 miles broad. Su'ez, a maritime town, at the head of the W. arm ofthe Red Sea. Pop. IOOJ.— 29, 58 N. 32, 31 £. Sye'iid. See Assouan. TA'BLE BAV, in the Cape Co- lony, S, Africa, formed by three loAy mountains. Td'bra, a city of Nyffd, in Cen- tral Africa. Pop. 1 8, (KM). Taf'ilet, a large district south of Mount Atla«, tributary toMorocco. It is a vast level plain, of which dates are the chief produce. Tan'gier, a sea|X)rt of Morocco, on the Straits of Gibraltar. Pop. 10,000.-35, 47 N. 5, 48 W. I'an'ta, a town of Lower Egypt, containing a sacred shrine, winch Is visited at a particular season by 150,0'tO pilgrims. Fop. 10,000. Taroudaiit', a city of Morocco, famous for the manufacture ot « in w **°P* 20,000.-30, 10 N. *K^^''4» »"^ '^^'^> 'wo towM on tbe S. frontier of Morocco, the 25d principal itationi from wh«ch tb« caravans for Timbuctoo tak« their departure. «rT''^ »**•." il*^*® ^^^^ or '"land Ma of Central Alnca, about 200 milef long and 15<) broad, m which aro numerous islandii, covered with rich pastures, and well peopled. I'chad'da or Shar'y, a lar^c river of Central Africa, which falls into the Niger. Tcmis'sa, a town of Fezzan, the first reached by the caravans Irom Cairo, after crossing the Libvaa Desert. Ti/tuan, a seaport of Morocco, within the Straits of Gibraltar. Pop. 16,000,-35, 38 N. 5. 'i4 W. i Aom'as,Si,an island in the Gulf of Guinea, situate nearly on the Equator. It is remarkable for its fcrtilay, but is very unhealthy. Pop. 18,000. ' I'iinbuc'too or Tombuc'too, ace. lebratcd commercial city and em- porium of Central Africa, situate about 8 miles from the bank of th« Niger, on the borders of the Gre^t Desert. Europeans for three cen- turies madelruitless efforts to pene- trate to Timbuctoo ; at last Major Laing succeeded in reaching it in 1826, but was murdered on his return homewards. Pop, about 12,000.-15, i2 N. 2, 40 k. IremVcen or TIen/san, a city of Algiers, once the capital of a Moorish kingdom. Pop. 10,000, —35, 5 N. 1, 5 W. 'J'rip'oli, the most easterly ofthe Barbary Slates, to the E. of Tunis, consisting of a long line of coast. For a few miles inUnd it is ex. tremely fertile, but beyond that IS occupied with deserts of sand, or wiih mountainous districts. Pop. 6(50,000. Trip'oli, the capital ofthe above state, stands on a rock washed by the sea, and is defended by nume- rous batteries. It is the chief seat of the intercourse with Bornou and Houssa, the finest countries of Interior Africa. Pop. 25.000. — 32,53 N. 1.3, II E. Tris'ian d'Acuii'ha, three smaU islands in the S. Atlantic, nearly 1500 miles to the west ofthe Cape of Good Hope, and about midway between Africa aiiu Americ . Tu'nU, one of the Barbary SUtes, lutuate between AlgiCff 260 APRICA. and Trl|>oll,and remarkable for its beauty and fertility. Stretching into the Mediterranean, it* north- ern extremity is only about HO miles from the coast of Sicily. To the commercial advantage of its •itualion is to be a5cril)etl the gre itness of uncieotC.irthage, once thP rival of Rome. Pop. l.MOO.OOO. Tu'oH, the rapilal of tho above state, Hituate 10 niles 8. W. from the site of Cu)-'tfiage, on a spacious bay, and stron^'y fortified. Its trade and manuracturcs are exten- sive. i*oi>. lOii.O )(),()» whom 30,000 a.e Jewg.— 36, 48 N. 10,11 E. VE I DK.CAt'E, a l)old headland, gtrelchiiiK into the Atlantic, and forming the extreme western point Of Afiicd.-14, 43 N. 17,32 W. Verde, Cape, Islands, a group belonging to Portugal, about 80 miles W. from Ca\>e Verde, are ten in riumber, three of which are large, St Jago, St Antonio, and St Nicholas. JbogOjOne of the small- est, has a volcano, of which the eruptions are frequent. Cotton and sea salt are the btanlc produc- tions of these l.*land8. Pop. 5,5,000. Vol'(a, a river of W. Africa, which f(»rm6 the Iwundary between the (3old and Slave Coasts. W A'LE r, a citv of Central Af- rica, the capital of Beeroo ; it car- ries on a large trude in salt. War'ra.a considerable cityof Cen- tral Africa, the capital of Bergoo. Waree'.acity of Upper Guinea, capital of a district of Benin. Po- pulation .5000. Wa'wa', a trwn of Central Africa, subj'ict to B )ussa. Population 18,000.— 9,55 N. 5,55 Ji Whl'daA, a seaport, ontbe SUvfe Coast, now subject to the King of Dahomey. Pop. 7000. YAll'UlBV or EvrmniS>;u)r™„,' , ;. .i .Wr.^:,- is,:.^,,.j. 0^ i>cni.M]ii rreiiwicU. t*" > IIY »1.IVHJi V IU)YI», KniMII'ltftll . pre _^ .^gRIC^ *% . ' - i J ' IW"* ! ^^^W il, ; NORTH AMERICA* ^ ^^ The supei-ficial area has been estimated at 8,000.000 square miles, and its population at 27 millions The divisions of North America are, 1. Russian fERRiTORv; 2. British America; 3. United bTATES; 4. Mexico and Guatimala; 5. West In- ])iA Islands; 6. Greenland. Its Islands, besides the West Indies, are New- foundland Cape Breton, Prince Edward, Bermudas, Aleutian Islands, Queen Charlotte's Isles, Vancouver Island, North Georgian Islands, Cockburn Island, bouthampton Island. * Lakes.— Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, Onta^ no; Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake, Athabasca, Winnipeg, M.stassm ; Champlain, Nicaragua. ^- ^ liivEHs.~Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, St Lawrence, Huoson Arkansas, Red River, Rio Colorado, Rio del Norte, Columbia, Mackenzie. Bays, Gulfs and Straits.— Baffin's Bay, Davis* * Straits Prince Regents Inlet, Coronation Gulf, Hud. ■ sons Bay, James' Bay, Straits of , Belleisle, -Gulf of bt Lawrence Bay of Fundy, Chesapeak Bay, Gulf of Mexico, Florida Channel, Bay of Campeachy, Bay of Honduras, Gulfof California; Nootka Sound, Behring's Mraits, Barrow s Strait, Strait of the Fury and Hecla. CAP£s.--Farewell, Chidley, Charles, Sable, Cod, Hatteras, Tancha, St Lucas, Prince of Wales, Icy Cape. Mountains.— Appalachian or Alleghany Moun. tarns, Rocky Mountains, Mount St Elias, Mount Fair-. weather, the Mountains of Mexico^ EXERCISES. What are the boundaries of North America? Between what degrees of latitude and longitude does it extend > What mUp ' 9 ^'?gl^ ^"^^ ^''^"^'^ ' ^^'^^^ i^^ i^« extent in square miles f What is the estimated amount of its populationf klni *'V^^ divisions of North America? Name it*" islands. JName Its lakes. Name its rivers. Mention its Days gulfs, and straits. Name its capes and mountains. Point out on the map its islands, lakes, &c. ' ""«*"»• THE RUSSIAnI^RITORY ^ Consists of the extreme north-western region of Ame* fn^, and a narrow tract of coast exteadiug to Sd'' N. hU SI64 NORTH AMERICA. Jt is bounded N, by the Northern Ocean ; W. and S. by the North Pacific; and E. by British America. Population 50,000. REMARKS. This region, which is in general dreary and unproductive, is thinly inhabited by tribes, many of which are very feroci. OU8, It yields valuable furs ; and the fisheries of the whale, sea-otter, and other animals, are very important. The long chain of the Aleutian Islands here extends between Asia and America ? EXERCISES. M''hat portion of North America belongs to Russia? What are its boundaries ? What is the general aspect of this region ? What is the character of its tribes ? What valuable produc- tions does this region afford ? What chain of islands extends between America and Asia ? BRITISH AMERICA Is bounded N. by Baffin's Bay and the Arctic Ocean,* W. by the Russian Territory; S. by the United States; and E. by the Atlantic Ocean. It is estimated to contain 2.360,000 square miles. The white popu- lation^ in 1836, amounted to 1,500,000. Divisions. Chief Towns. Hudson's Bay Territories, in- cluding Labrador. York Fort, Nain. Upper Canada Toronto. Kingston. Lower Canada Quebec, JMontreah New Brunswick Fredericton, St John. jMfova Scotia Hahfax, Annapolis, Pictou. Islands. Chief Towns. Newfoundland Sr John. Cape Breton Sydney. Prince Edward Charlotte Town. I^ermudas St George. Anticosti, Southampton, North Georgian Islands. Capes. — Rosier, Sable, Canso, Breton, Ray, Race, Charles, Cbidley. Bays, &c. — Baffin's Bay, Davis' Straits, Hudson's Straits, Hudson's Bay, James' Bay, Straits of Belleisle, Gulf of St Lawrence, Bay of Fundy, Coronation Gult; Barrow's Strait, Prince Regent's Inlet. Lakes. — Superior, Huron, Erie, Ontario, Winni- BRITISH AMERICA. 265 peg, AthabaBca, Great Slave Lake, Great Bear Lake, Mistassin. ' KiVERS.— St Lawrence, Ottawa, St John, Niagara, Coppermine, Mackenzie, Nelson. REMARKS. British America, including the Indian countries, extends'' fronr» 42° to 74«' N. lat., and from 55° 30' to 141° W. lone Its length from Cape Charles to the North Pacific, is 3500 miles ; and its breadth, from Barrow's Strait to the Missouri Territory, is 2000 miles. The great river St Lawrence, with the chain of immense fresh-water lakes, unequalled by any in the world, forms one of the most striking features of Briiisli America. Ihe St Lawrence issues from Lake Superior, and, pass- ing successively through Lakes Huron, Erie, and On- tario, falls into the Atlantic, after a course of nearly 2000 miles. This majestic stream is 90 miles wide at its mouth, and IS navigable by ships of the line for 400 miles from the ocean. These magnificent expanses of water are bordered by deep and lofty forests ; and even the mountain-rancres, which are of great extent, are in general covered with wood. Canada was colonized in 1608 by the French, and con- tinued in their possession till 1759, when it was conquered by the British. It is divided into two provinces or govern- ments, called Upper and Lower Canada. Cold and heat are here felt in their extremes, and the transition from winter to summer is very sudden. Although lying under the same parallel of latitude as France, the thermometer sometimes in winter sinks 31" below zero ; while in summer it occasionally rises as high as 90° or even 1C0°. The year is divided between these seasons,— spring and autumn being almost unknown. The frost begins in October; and the snow disappears about the end of April, when vegetation proceeds with great ac. Uvily. The climate, however, is very congenial to health. The soil of the Lower Province is fertile, and produces good crops of grain. The Upper has beautiful plains and verdant meadows, scarcely excelled by any portion of North America, and there are large tracts of ri«-h land, stretching *ar to the north, covered with extensivt • ests. The most populous and improved districts are along the banks of the St Lawrence, and the shores of Lake Ontario. Apples .. — ,,^ 35 gjvai jtciieciiou ill ine iieigiiuuur. hood of Montreal; fruits of various kinds, particularly the melon, appear indigenous to the country. Oak, 266 BRITISH AMERICA. pine, maple, birch, elm, and limes, are the most common trees in the forests. The lakes and rivers abound with excellent fish. The moose-deer and the beaver may be mentioned among the -vvild animals; the Canadian hum- ming-bird is the smallest known ; the rattlesnake is the most dangerous of its reptiles. The exports are chiefly furs, tim- ber, potash, fish, wheat, and flour, f The population of Lower Canada in 1836 was 600,000, of whom the greater number are still of French descent, and the French language and manners are generally retaitjed. Upper Canada has been colonized from Britain, and partly from the United States. For the two years previous to 1833 the emigrants amounted to above 50,000 annually ; in 1837 there were 29,884. The population in 1836 was 400,000. Both the Canadas are under one governor ; and, previous to the late in>iurnction, the govt-rnment of each province was administered by a lieutenant-governor, executive- council, and a legislative council, appointed by the sovereign, and a house of assembly, chosen by the people. All the Regions North of Canada, are claimed by Bri- tain, and admitted by the other powers to belong to her, though occupying only a few trading forts or factories at different poiii.s. This immense region is separated from the territory of the United States by the 49th degree of N. lat., and from the llu?»siaa Territory by the 141st degree of W. long. The countries around Hudson's Bay, included under the name of New Britain, comprehending Labrador, East Main, New North and South Wales, present an aspect dreary in the extreme, being buried under snow for half the year. The chief native tribes diffused over this region are the Esquimaux, who are scattered over the N. coast of Hudson's Bay, and along the shores of the Polar Ocean; the Chippeway and Cree Indians; and to the north of the lat- ter the Dog. ribbed, Copper-coloured, and Hare-foot In- dians, who are described as a hospitable and harmless race. The enterprise of British navigators has added lately to our knowledge some large tracts and islands, within the Arc- tic Zone, — Melville Peninsula, the North Georgian Islands, &c. Nearly the whole northern coast of America has also being recently explored by Captain Ross and the Hudson's Bay Company ; these regions, being still more barren and dreary, are interesting almost solely lo science and curiosity-. For an account of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, &c., see J)jEscftipi;vE Table. BBITISH AMERICA. EXERCISES. 267 How is British America bounded ? What is its extent in square miles ? What is the amount of its white population ? Name the divisions and chief towns. What are its capes, bays &c., lakes, and rivers ? Between what degrees of latitude and longitude is it situate ? What is its extent in length and breadth ? M hat is the most striking feature in the aspect of British America? ^'ame its great lakes. By what river are they connected ? What is the length of its course ? How wide IS it at its mouth ? How far is it navigable for ships of the line ? With what are these lakes bordered ? When and by whom was Canada colonized ? When was it conquered by the British ? What is remarkable in the climate ? What are the states of the thermometer, occasionally, in winter and summer respeciively ? Into what seasons is the year divided > At what periods does winter begin and disappear ? Is its climate congenial to health ? What is the quality of the sod of Lower Canada ? What are the principal features of Upper Canada? Which are the most populous and improved districts ? Name the principal fruits. What are the mo>t common forest-trees ? With what do the lakes and rivers abound ? Mention some of the animals worthy of notice, what are the chief exports ? What is the amount of the population of Lower Canada, and of what descent is the greater part ? What language and manners are generally retained ? l^rom what countries has Upper Canada been colonized? What was the annual amount of the emigrants for some years? What is the amount of its population ? What is the form of government of the Canadas ? By whom are the Regions North of Canada claimed ? How are they occupied ? By what parallel of latitude are they sej)aratcd from the United States ? and by what meridian of longituJe from the Russian Territory ? What aspect do the countries around Hudson's Bay pre- sent ? What are the chief native tribes diffused over this re- gion ? Which of tliem are described as a hospitable and harmless race? What lias the enterprise of British navigators lately added to our knowledge ? What coast has recently been explored by Captain Ross and the Hudson's Bay Com- pany ? What are its peculiar features ? THE UNITED STATES Are bounded N. by British America ; W. by the Pa- cific Ocean and Mexico ; S. by the Gulf of Mexico ; and E. by the Atlantic Ocean. They contain 2,257,300 square miles. Population above 13,000,000, of whom 2,000,000 are slaves. 26ff UNITED STATES. Divisions. Chief Towng. Northern, or New Eng- land States, JMaine Aupjusta,* Portland, Bath, Belfast. New Hampshire Concord, Portsmouth, Dover. Vermont Montpelier, Burlington, IMiddlebury. Massachusetts lioston, Salem, Cambridge, Lowell. Rhode Island Providence, Newport. Connecticut Hartford,Ncw Haven, New London. JMiddle States. New York Albany, New York, Buffalo. Pennsylvania Harrisburg, Philadelphia, Pittsburg. New Jersey Trenton, Newark, Patterson. Delaware.. Dover, Wilmington. Southern States. Maryland Annapolis, Baltimore. Virginia Richmond, Norfolk, Petersburg. Di-*tnct of Columbia Washington. North Carolina Raleigh, Newbern, Fayetteville. South Carolina Columbia, Charleston. Georgia JNIilledgeville, Savannah, Augusta. Alabama Tuscaloosa, Mobile, Cahawba. Western States. Ohio Columbus, Cincinnati. Indiana Indianapolis, Vincennes. Illinois Vandalia, Kaskaskia, Shawneetown. Missouri Jefferson, St Louis, Franklin. Kentucky Frankfort, Louisville, Lexington. Tennessee Nashville, Knoxville. Mississippi Jackson, Natchez. Lotiisiana New Orleans. Arkansas Little Rock. Michigan Detroit. Territories not yet erect' ed into States. Fldrida Tallahassee,StAugustine,Pensacola. Wisconsin North-west, Missouri, Western, Territories. Islands. — Rhode, Long, Staten, Nantucket. Bays. — Penobscot, Massachusetts, Delaware, Chesa- peak. Long Island Sound, Florida Channel. Capes. — Ann, Cod, May, Charles, Henry, Hatteras, Lookout, Fear, Tancha or Sable Point. IMouNTAiNS. — Appalachian or Alleghany Moun- tains, Rocky Mountains, Ozark Mountains. * The state-capitals, as given in the American Almanac for 1838, are placed first. UNITED STATES, 269 ac for 1836, Lakes.— Michigan, Cham plain, the southern shores of the Lakes of Canada, Pontchartrain. Rive us.— Mississippi with its tributaries, Missouri, Arkansas, Red River, Ohio, Wabash, Tennessee, Illi- nois, St Peters; St Croix, Connecticut, Hudson, De- laware, Susquehannah, Potomac, Savannah, Columbia. REMARKS. The territory of the United States extends from 25" to 49" N. lat, and from 67" to 124' W. long. Its length from the Pacific Ocean to the mouth of the Bay of Fundyj is 2750 miles ; and its breadth, from the south of Louil siana to the Lake of the Woods, is 1300 miles. This vast region is traversed by two great chains of mountains, in a direction nearly N. and S., viz. the Al- leghaniei on the li. and the Rocky Mountains on the W. These divide the country into the eastern, western, and middle regions ; the latter comprising the greit and fertile basin or valley of the Mississippi. The range of the Alle- ghanies is about 900 miles in length, and stretches, in several ridges, nearly parallel to the Atlantic, at a distance from the coast varying from 50 to 200 miles. Mount Wash- ington, in New Hampshire, the highest peak, is 6634 feet above the sea, though the elevation of the range south of the Hudson rarely exceeds 3000 feet. The Rocky Moun. tains, which are upon a grander scale, run parallel to the lacihc, and bound on the W. the valleys of the Missouri and the Mississippi. Long's Peak is 15,000 feet above the ^•a. Nearly midway between the Alleghany and Rocky 3Iountams is a ridge called the Ozarks, extending from S.W. to N.E., and varying in height from 1000 to SOUO feet above the sea. Of the magnificent rivers that flow through the United Estates, the most important are the Mississippi and the Mis- souri. Although the latter has been classed as a tributary of the former, it has recently been found to have the longer course before their junction, and consequently the better claim to be regarded as the principal stream. The dis- tance between, its source in the Rocky Mountains and its conliuence with the Mississippi is 3000 miles ; thence to its ♦T^-ii- '" '*'® ^"'^ °^ Mexico, 1265 miles. The length of tlie Missouri, including its windings, is therefore 4265 miles; wtiile that nf tho m:..4:Jcc:««: f,.^^ :,^ ._ *i._ _.. 3160 miles. The Missouri is deep and rapid, and receives numerous nvers in its course, many of them of isiderable i270 UNITED STATES. extent. The Mississippi has its source from some small lakes in lat. 47" N. About 160 miles below its junction with the Missouri, it receives the Ohio, swelled by the waters of ihe Wabash, Cumberland, and Tennessee ; and lower down the Arkansas and lied River. The Mississippi flows tljrou^h a vast plain, which is so gradual in its de. scent, that the river is navigable to the Falls of St Anthony, upwards of 1500 miles from its mouth ; while most of its great tributaries are navigable nearly to their source. Such is the importance of these western streams that there are now from SOO to 'lOO steam-vessels constantly plying on them. The U Mted Slates are distinguished for the facilities af- forded to internal commerce, by means of magnificent canals and railroads. Of the former it may be sufficient to mention the Erie Canal, which connects the river Hudson with Lake Erie. It comtnences at Albany, terminates at Bulfalo. and is 363 miles in length. The Ohio State Canal, uniting Lake Erie with the Ohio River, is .306 miles long. The Cbesapeak and Ohio Canal, commenced in 1828, and designed to unite the Potomac at Washington with the Ohio at Pittsburg, will be 34 1 miles long, and 60 feet wide; the tunnel through the Alleghany mountains is upwards of 4 miles in lengtli. The climate is remarkable for its inconstancy; passing suddenly from extreme cold to scorching heat, and from dienching rains to withering droughts. To the west of the Alleghany Mountains the weather is more equable and tern- perat'e. 'I'he general aspect of the country is that of a vast forest, becoming denser as the traveller proceeds westward. On the west of the Alleghany Mountains, it expands into immense level meadows or savannahs, called prairies. The soil in general is fertile. Among the trees which it produces are the larch and pine, several species of oak, walnut, poplar, maple, the white cedar, the occidental plane, the tulip-tree, and the magnolia. The last of these, for its gigantic size, its sjiiendid flowers and fruit, stands unrivalled even amidst the wonders of these magnificent forests. In the northern and middle states, the common species of grain are raised. Maize and wheat are cultivated with success. The potato is here in its native soil. Rice, cot. ton, indigo, and tobacco, are the chief productions in the southern states. Apples and pears, of the finest flavour, abound in the northern and middle regions; and there are large orchards of peaches, from which brandy is distilleu- The bison or bufi'alo, the moose-deer, the elk, and caribou UNITED STATES. 271 or rem-deer are found in the plains and forests ; the more ferocious animals are the bear, the wolf, the spoKed tiger and the couguar or American panther. The feathered creation are highly distinguished by the splendour of their plumage. In general, however, their notes have little of beauty or variety, though the power of imitation in the mocking-bird is very surprising. The humming.bjrd is the most beautiful of all birds. The serpent brood is numerous and formidable. The rattlesnake, armid with a deadly poison, is peculiarly terrible, and various other species are met with in the forests. The coasts abound with fishes, ge- nerally of the same species as in Europe; there are also numerous amphibia, the most important of which is the otter, inhabiting the western coast, and whose rich bkin is a valuable article in commerce. The United States have the more useful metals in abund- ance, and the gold mines of North Carolina have risen to some importance. Coal is found in the New En. -land Slates New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia; and on the west side of the Alleghany iMountains there is an immense coal-field. Salt-springs are numerous in the great valley of the Mississippi; and on its western side are plains of great extent, which are periodically incrusted with salt. The government of the United States is repubUcan. The admmistration of affai-s is confided to a Congress, consist- ing of a Senate and House of Representatives, and to a president. The Senate is composed of 52 members, two from each state, who retain their places for six vears, one- third of them being elected every two years. The House of Representatives is composed of members from the several states, elected by the people for the term of two years; in the 26th congress, the number of representatives is '242, besides one delegate from each of the territories of Florida and Wisconsm. The president, chosen bv delegates from each state, holds his office fo.ir years. The Union at present consists of 26 states, 2 territories, and 1 district. jEach state has, besides, its own government, for the re- gulation of Its internal concerns. These local administrations fiave the power of making or altering laws relative to pro- perty and private rights, police, the appointment of judges and civil officers, the levying of taxes, and all other rights and powers not vested in the federal government. There is no religious establishment sunporfed by the ^T^ V^"' Christianity, in some form, is generally piofess- W, Ihe most numerous sects are the Presbyterian, Epis- 272 UNITKD STATES. cupalian, Methodist, Baptist, and Independent. The Atne. ricans are characterized by the good and bad qualities that naturally sprint^ from the freedom enjoyed under a pure; democracy. 'I'hey are active, enierprisiuK* acute, frank, high-spirited, and brave; but there is a coarse bluntness in thi'ir manners, with a prying inquiNiiiveness into the busi. ness of others, that is often extremely offensive to strangers. Much attention is paid to education, particularly in the northern and middle states. They have inany literary insti. tutions, and can boast of some very distinguished names in science and letters. Tiiis vast and important country belonged to Britain till the year 1775. when the colonists were roused to rebellion by the attempts of the government to tax them against their will, and they finally succeeded in throwing oil' the British yoke. Their independence was acknowledged in 1783. EXERCISES, How are the United vStatcs bounded ? What is their ex- tent in square miles ? What is the amount of the population ? What states are included in the Northern Division? Name their chief towns. Wliat states are coniained in the Middle Division ? Name their chief to wna. Of what does the South- ern Division consist? Name the chief towns. What are the Western States ? Name the chief towns. What arc the territories not yet erected into slates ? Wliat towns do they contain ? Name the islands, bays, capes, mountains, lakes, and rivers. Between what degrees of latitude and longitude does the territory of the United States extend ? What are its lenph and breadth ? By what chains of mountains, and in what directions, is it traversed ? Into what regions do those moun. tains divide the country ? At what distance are the Alle- ghanies from the Atlantic ? What is the height of Mount Washington ? Describe the Rocky Mountains. In what direction do the Ozarks extend .-* What is their height " What are the most important rivers lu the United St' '!. Which is the larger of these two rivers ? What is the _ length of its course ? \N hat length of course has the Missis- sippi ? What is the character uf the IMissouri ? What rivers does the IMississippi receive after its junction with the 31is- souri ? How i\\r can vessels ascend the Mississippi and its tributaries ? W'i: w.^ are the number of steam-vessels con- stantly upon t'i,ei '■ For what are th- United States distinguished ? What river and lake does the Erie Canal connect ? Mention its com; mencement and termination, with its length. What lake and river afe united by tiie Ohio Swte Cwiai? Whai cunai was i*. ■.•■■» MKXirn ANl) GUATIMALA. 273 rommenml in HI'JM? Wliat \n its desi'^n ? What arc it« length unci width ? Kor what is tho climaJc of il?e Ur.ifed States remarkable ? What is the general aspect of the country ? V\ Imt is the gel neral qualify of the soil ? 3Ienfion some of the forest -tree?. Which of those is the most remarkable? M'hat are the chief np;ricnltural productn ? Mention some of the fruits of this country. What wild animals are to be found ? Ily what miality are the feathered creation distingui>hcd ? V^'hich of these is the most beautiful ? What power docs the nmcking. bird possess ? What dangerous reptiles swarm in the forests? Do the coasts abound with fishes ? What valuable animal is to liefoimd on the we^ tern t .ast ? Does this country possess much niineral weal :.? Where is coal found ? What is reinarkable jibo\it some c* th< plains in the valley of the Alississippi ? What i'. the form of government in the United JStates ? To wiioi.i is the administration of {tffairs conhded ? Of how many members is the Senate composed ? iMention the nutn- l)er composing the House of Heprescntatives. How and tor what period is the president elected ? Of what docs the Union at present consist ? How are the internal concerns of each State regulated ? What power have these local ad- ininistrations ? Is there any established religion ? What re- ligion is generally professed ? What are the most numerous sects? Describe the manners of the Americans. Is much attention paid to education and literature ? Till what period (lid this important country belong to Britain ? By what were the colonists then roused to rebellion ? When was their in- dependence acknowledged ? MEXICO AND GUATIMALA ARE bounded N. by tho United States and the Gulf of Mexico; W. and S. by the Pacific Ocean; and E^ by tbe United States, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea. Mexico contains 1,610,000 square miles, Jird. Guatimala 1 84., 000. Population of Mexico 7,500,000,-— of Guatimala l,6o0,000. Divisions of Mexico. Chief Towns. New rtJexico Santa Fe, Taos. New California Monterey, San Francisco, Santa Ei,r- bara. Old California Loretio. ^Jonora Arispc, Cinaloa, Culiacan, Guaymas. Durango or New Bis- ha^Luis Toiosi San Luis Potosi, Monterey, Tampico, ^aeattecM Zacatecas. ,1^ € 274 MEXICO AND GUATIMALA. Divisions of Mexico. Chief Towns. Guadalaxara ....Guadalaxara, 8an Bias, Tepic. ) Ouanaxuato Guanaxuato, Zelaya. Valladolid Valladolid, Pascuaro. Mexico Mexico, Queretaro, Acapulco. Puebla Puebla, Tlascala, Cholula. Ouxaca Oaxaca or Guaxaca. Vera Cruz Vera Cruz, Xalapa, Orizaba. Yucatan Merida, Campeachy, Balize. Chiapa Chiapa. J exa"* Divisions of Guatimala. Chief Towns. Guaiiiuala Guatimala, Vera Paz. St Salvador St Salvador. II Olid uras Comay agua, Triycillo. jVicarasjrua Leon, Nicaragua. Costa-Rica Costa- Rica, Cartago. Capes. — Mendocino, St Lucas, Corrientes, Gracias a Dios, Catoche. Gulfs and Bays. — Gulfs of Mexico, California; Bays of Campeachy, Honduras. Mountains.— i?opocatepetl, or the Smoking Moun- tain. Peak of Orizaba, Jorullo. Rivers. — Rio Bravo or del Norte, Rio Colorado. Lakes. — Nicaragua, Chapala, Pascuaro. REMARKS. Mexico, formerly New S|jain, with Guatimala, extends from 8° to 42° N. lat., and from 83° to 124° W. long. The length, in a direct line from N. to S., is about 1500 miles ; the breadth varies from 120 to 1000 miles. The most remarkable feature in their aspect is the exten. sive plateau or table-land, of wliich they chiefly consist, varying in elevation from 6000 to 8000 feet above the level of the sea, and from which, as from a base, the volcanic peaks of Orizaba and Popocatepetl tower to the height of 17,000 or 18,000 feet. A necessary effect of this great ele. vation is, that the climate of this country, though great part of it is situate within the torrid zone, is more generally cold and temperate tlian excessively hot. Indeed, the temperature of all the three zones, torrid, temperate, and frigid, i^ here experienced according to the varyujg elevation ; and the tra- veller, in ascending from the burning coasts of Vera Cruz to Mexico, the capital, situated 7000 feet above the ocean, passes throUcH KPVArai /t!<:>inr>* r»\inta*t^a «»i^»ii^. . •""'». ill iiuiiouror lueir ai w«wr tiieyar* someumes called the Columbian Archipel ago. M 278 WEST INDIA ISLANDS* Here, as in all tropical countries, the year is divided ' -tween the wet and the dry seasons. Spring may be said to commence about the middle of May, when the first peri- odical rains set in : these continue to fall every day at noon for about a fortnight, creating a bright verdure and a rapid and luxuriant vegetation. The weather then becomes dry, clear, and settled. The sun glows with a heat that is almost insupportable, till, the sea-breeze springing up about ten in the forenoon, all nature revives, and the temperature m the shade becomes pleasant. At this time the nights are ex. tremely beautiful ; the moon is so bright that the smallest print may be read by her light ; and the planet Venus shines with such lustre, that a shade is cast from trees, buildings, and otljer objects that intercept her rays. This state of the weather ceases about the middle of August, when the steady diurnal wind from the sea is succeeded by faint breezes and alternate calms, the preludes to the second or autumnal rainy season. In October the rains become ge. neral, pouring down in torrents. Between the beginning of August and the end of October, these islands are occa- sionally visited by dreadful harricanes, which spread ruin and devastation far and wide. In November or December, the weather becomes serene and pleasant, and continues cool and refreshing till the end of April. In general the low parts of the islands may be described as exposed to a hot and unhealthy temperature ; while the mountainous regions enjoy an equable and salutary climate. -> These islands are rich in almost every tropical produc. tion. Fruits are delicious and abundant, — as oranges, le. mons, limes, shaddocks, cocoa, citrons, pomegranates, pine- apples, melons, &c. Great variety of valuable trees grow on the mountains, as cedars, lignumvitae, mahogany, and others, which take the finest polish, and are admirably adapted for cabinet-work. Sugar, coffee, and cotton, are the staple articles of culture ; but ginger, indigo, pimento, tobacco, maize, and various medicinaldrugs, are likewise to be numbered among the productions of this archipelago. The annual exports from the British West Indies alone amount in value to above six millions sterling. Of the wild animals indigenous in these islands, it has been observed that they are in general small. Those de- serving notice are the aj^outi. which appears to be an interine- A'.^tr^ ...'>^>y.;..« Ufif imroon tlio t-attltit' anri ihp rat • fho ArmadiHOi opossum, racoon, musk-rat, alco, and smaller monkeys ; one ,iinimul peculiar to tbtise islandti is the land crab} w|ucU » WEST INDIA ISLANDS. 279 esteemed excellent food. The feathered creation are dis- tinguished by brilliancy of plumage and elegance of form, and comprise the parrot in all its varieties, the flamingo, and the humming-bird. In the woods and marshes wild- fowl abound in the greatest variety, and of exquisite flavour. Lizards and different kinds of serpents are not unfrequent • but few of them are noxious. ' A most important change in the social condition of the British West Indies was elFected by the Slave Emancipation Act, which came into operation on the 1st of August 1834 • when slavery ceased throughout the British dominions', and the sum of 20 millions sterling was appropriated by Parliament as a compensation to the planters. Population of the British West India Islands about 700,000, of whom 70,000 are whites. EXERCISES. How are the West India Islands situate? What is their extent m square miles ? What is the amount of their popu- lation ? How many principal groups are there ? Name the tirst group and the islands of which it consists. What is the chief town of New Providence ? Name the second group and Its islands. What are the principal towns in the (Ireat An- tilles ? Name the third group with its islands. What is the principal tmvn of Curayoa ? Name the fourth group and its islands? What are the chief towns ? Name the Hfth group and Its islands. What are the chief towns ? Distinguish the Windward from the Leeward Islands. Name the mountains. Bjtween what degrees of latitude and longitude do the West India Islands lie ? l^y what name are they now sometimes called.-' How is the year divided in these islands? When (Jo the hrst periodical rains set in ? How long, and at what time ot the day do they continue to fall ? What kind of weather . succjads ? At what hour does the sea-breeze usually spring up :• \Vhat effect does it produce ? Describe the appearance ot the nights during this season. When does this state of the aY. *^ wm ^ ^y ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ steady sea-breeze then suc- ceeded ? VV hen do the rains become general ? At what sea- son are these islands occasionally visited by hurricanes ? VYlien does the weather become serene and pleasant ? How long does It continue so ? In what respects does the climate in general differ in the low grounds and the mountains ? i^numerate some of the fine fruits of the West India isiands. 3iention some of their valuable trees. What are the staple articles of culture ? Vl^hat other articles are to be numbered amontr their productions ? What i- thp amnnnt 01 liie annual exports ? What observation has "been made ' concerniiijr their wild animals ? Mention those most worthy 01 notice, lor what are the feathered creation here disiin^ s*- 280 GRBENLANB. guished ? Mention Rome of them. What important change has been recently effected in the British West Indies ? At what period did slavery cease throughout the British domi- nions ? What sum was appropriated by Parliament as a com- pensation to the planters ? What is the amount of the popu- lation of the British West India Islands ? GREENLAND Is an extensive region which lies between Baffin's Bay and the Northern Ocean ; from Cape Farewell, in lat. t»0% it stretches northward indefinitely towards the Pole. REMARKS. Greenland, long supposed to be part of America, but now ascertained to be disjoined from that continent, is de. scribed as ** a mass of rocks, intermingled with immense blocks of ice." Yet there is some land that admits of cul- tivation. During the short summer, the air is pure on the mainland ; but obscured in the islands by fogs. The long night of winier is relieved by the shifting splendours of the aurora borealis. The animal productions of the country constitute the subsistence and tlie wealth of the inhabitants. Of the land-animals the principal are large hares, valuable fo* their flesh and fur, rein-deer, foxes, and large dogs tm. ployed in drawingsledges,and distinguished by the peculiarity of howling instead of barking. The seas swarm with turbot, herrings, and whales. But the marine animal most prized by the natives is the seal. Its flesh is their principal food — its skin supplies them with dress, and with a covering for their canoes, — its tendons are made into thread, — and so essential an article of subsistence does the Greenlander ac- count the seal, that he cannot comprehend how man could live without it. Large flocks of aquatic birds frequent the seas, rivers, and lakes. Providence, which adapts the endless diversity of produc- tions to every variety of climate and soil, supplying the de- flciencies of one region by the abundance of another, fur- nishes thesteril shores of Greenland and other arctic regions with limber, which is borne by the tides and currents of the ocean fiom the coasts of America and Asia, in such quan- tities, that a year's fuel may sometimes be collected during *\io cUiwi coatinn r>f ciintmur . anH in ciu' KORTH AMt:ilICA. 281 The Greenlanders are a branch of the Esquimaux : they are of short stature, with long biack hair, small eyes, and flat faces. The country is subject to Denmark, which main- tains a few small settlements on the W. coast, whose laud, able exertions for the conversion of the natives to Christian ity are at length begij.njng to be crowned with success. Ihe papulation, including the Moravian establishments, k estimated at 20,000. EXERCISES, What is Greenland, and where is it situate ? What de- scnpnon is given ofit ? How does the weather of the short summer differ on the mainland and in the islands ? How is nni r-^i?'i;-/ ""^ ""'"'"." '!^'%^^^ - ^" ^*^«' ^^^^ the wealth 1 V"wh f "i!' T"''f I ^^^' ^'^ '^^ P""cipal land-ani. mals ? What kinds of fish abound in the seas ' What marine animal is most prized by the natives ? To what useful purposes do they convert it ? How are the shores of Green- land and oiher arctic regions supplied with timber ? In what 1 an ties and in what state of preservation does it arrive ? Uf what people are the Greenlanders a branch ? What is their personal api)earance? To what European power is Green- land subject ? At what number is the population estimated ? DESCRIPTIVE TABLE OP NORTH AMERICA. ACAFUI/CO. a seaport of Mtx- icf>,()n the Pac fie, wi'h an excel- lent harliour. Pop. 4000.— IG® 50' N. lat. iifjo iiK w. long. ^Mal)a'ina, one of the United states, to the west of Georgia. The toil IS tortile, proaucing cottorK susar, wheat, oats, ahd barley. Kx- '!,';' ;^<>.«"0 square miles. Pop. •W'.w. Tusc.ilo./sa is the state- capital. I'oj). HiOO. Alas'ka, a narrow peninsula, with roiky c()a>t.s, nearly 400 miles in engtii.nn the N.W, coast, botween Bristol B..y and Cook's Inlet. Albany, a city of New V'nrk, uniti'd States, situate on the Ilnd. ^on, at Its junction with the Erie tanal. It is a placeof consi(ieral)le 4i'w' ^''^' ^*'238.-42, 39 N. 73. Aleu'tian Islands, a volcanic group, situate in the N. Pacific, between C.pe Alaska, and KaintI [^chaika in Asia. The burround- ingsca^^ swarm with fi>h and the iea-otter. liie Fox Islands are rnH'^fVi,''"^""""^ "f *''^' group. Skf these Oonemak and Ooni: labhkaitretiie principal Alexan'dria, a town of the Unit- ed States, district ot C >lunibi%on the Potomac. I'op S'iC'S. ^ Al'leg/fany, or Appala'chian, Mountauis. Set- Remarks, p. 269, Am'heistburgA, a town and fort of Upper Cinada, on the Detroit, at Its entrance into Lake Erie. An'dover, a town of Massichu- setts, United States, with several man u fa< t u i e?. Fop. 4 540. Anega'da, Ihe mo,>t northern of the Virgin Islands, West Indies. Pop i>5(). Anguil'la, or Snake Island, one of the Leeward Islands, to tlie N of St Martin. Pop 2000. Ann, Cd)iR, on the north point of Boston Bay, in Massachusetts. United States — V2, U N.7(), 15 W. Aiinap'olis, a seaport of Nova Scotia, on the Bav of Fundy. Pupj.'5T8~41, 50 N. 65, 55 W. See Maryland. Antico>'ti. an island at tlie mouth of the river St Lawrence, li>5 miles in length by 30 m brcait'.h. !t jg coveied with wood, and dangeroui rocky reefs extend to a considerable distance from the shore. # 283 KORTH AMERICA. # Anti'gua, one of the Leeward Inlands, about 20 miles long, and nearly of the same breadth. The staple articles of export are juear, molasses, and rum. Pop. 3-5,000, of whom iOOO are whites. St John is the capital, with a population of 5000. Antil'les, a name given to por- tions of the West India Islands. The French apply the term to the West Indies geneniUy, exclusive of the Bahamas. See p. 2*6. Aris'i'd, a city of Mexico, in the province of Sonora. Arkan'sas, a large river which rises in ihe Kocky Mountains, and flowing S.E. tails into the Missis- sippi, atter a course of 2l)00 miles. Arkan'sas, one of the Unite'os, a nume- rous group of islanUfi ttretchin;,' from Florida to St Uomingo, on those remarkable sandbanks and coral reets called the Bahama Banks. They expoit cotton, fine timber, dyewtmds, and salt. 1 he principal island-s are New Provi- dence, St Salvador, Long L>land, • and Crooked Island. Total popu- lation ii0,00O. Nassau', the capi- tal of New Providence, is also the seiit of eoveriim(>iit. Pop, Camq.. .Bailee (BaleezO, the chief town of the British settlement of Hon- duras, on the coast of Mexico, at the mouth of the river of the same name. Population 3794.— 17, 30 N. 88, 8 W. Bal'limore, an important city and Beaport of Maryland, Unled States, situate near the head of Chefapcak Bay. It has one of the finest har- hours In America, and carries on a very extensive trade. Pop. 80,C'J5. —31), 17N.70, '^8 W. BarbaM( es, the most eastern of the Windward Islands, i'2 miles in length, and 12 in breadth. Besides sugar, which is the great staple, it exports molasses, ginger, cotton, and arrow-root. Pop. 104,000, ot whom lf),000 are whites. Bridge'. town, the capital, is one of the handsomest towns in the West 1 1 .dies. Pop. 20,000.-15, 15 N. 59, 45 W. Barbu'da, one of the Leeward Islands, to the N. of Antigua. Pop. 1500. liarn'stable, a seaport of Massa- chusetts, on a Imy of the same name, which is also called Massa- chusetts, or Cape Cod Bsiv. Pop. 3975.-41,42 N. 70, 18 W. Bar'row's .Strait, a broad inlet, leauing from Baffin's Bay into the Pohir Ocean. Bar'row, Point, the extreme N. W. point of the coniinent vet discovered.— 71, 5i3 N. 15tJ,yi W. Bath, a considerable seaport of Maine, United States, at the mouth otthe Kennebeck. Pop. 3773. B( //ring's Straits. See Asia, p. i-'lfi. Belfast', a seaport of Maine, United States, situate on Penob- .-cot Bay. Pop. 5U77.— 14, i!U N. Gl>, 5 \V. Beli<^i4le', a small rocky i.slandat the N. K. end of the channel be- tween Labrador and N wfound- land, called the Straits ol Bdkisle, Bcn'nington, a town of Vermont, United States, at the foot of tiie Green Mountains. Pop. 3419. Bermu'das, or Som'ers Uiands,a group in the Atl.intic, about GuO miles E. of S. Carolina, and sur- rounded by coral reels. They pro- duce cedar, coflf'ee, and cotton. Population 10,000. St George, the largest, has a town of liie same name, with a nouulation of 3000. Booth'in, a large peniniulai con- NORTH AMERICA. £83 nected by a narrow isthmus with the most northern part of Ame- rica. It is about 500 miles from S. to N., but its extent fj-om K. to W. is unknown. This country, recently explored hy Captain Hoss, is naked and barren, but contains valuable tur.bearing animals, and is inhabit- ed by some tribes of Ksquimaux. Bos'ton, the principnl city and seaport of Massachusetts, L'nited States, beautifully situate on a peninsula of Massachusetts Bay. It possesses a secure harbour, with a very extensive trade. Bos. ton is celebrated as the birthplace of Franklin, and the cradle of American independence, and may be considered the literary capital of the union. Pop. 61,392.— .12, 21 N. 71, 4 W. Bris'tol, a seaport of Rhode Isl- and, United Slates, situate on a bay. P. 3054.— A beautiful town of Pennsylvania, on the Delaware, I'O miles above Philadelphi.i. Brook'lyn, a town of New York, Uiiiied States, situate on Lon;? Isl- and, opposite the city of New York. Pop. l.'i,39f). Buffalo, a flourishing commer- lal town of New York, United i ates, siiuiite at the junction of the Erie Canal with the lake, 18 milt'S from Niagara, and f)'^3 from the city of New York. P. 12,{}00. — 1-erted ; Syd- ney has a pnpulatinn of 500. Cape Bret'on, the eastern olnt of the island of the same nam. . Cape Cod, the ea.Htcrn pi ejection of Massachusetts, Unittd States, formmg the S. E. point of iVIas- .sachusetts Bay. — 4i;, 2 N. 70, 4 W. Car'ibbee Ij^lands, the most east- ern of the West India Islands, ex- tending in a semicircle (rom Porto Rico to Trinidad, and divuled into Leeward ;ind Windward Islands. Caril)be'an Sea, th.tt pait ot the Atl intic lying between the islands of Jamaica, St Uomingo, and Por- to Hico on the north, and the coast of Colombia on the south. Caroli'na, Xorth, one of the United ."^tates, to the south of Vir- j^iiiia, which it resembles m soil and climate. Its gold-mines are productive, but its innnuiacturea and commerce are limited. Ex- tent 43,S0li squ.ire niiUs. Pop. 7:i7,!)87, of whom 5i'l.),(;oi are slaves. Ra'leigh is the slate-capi- tal. Pop. 17t)U. Caroli'na, South, one of the Uni- ted States, to the south of North Carolina. For 100 miles inland from the coast, the country is low, swampy, and unhealthy ; beyond this it is tiiiely diversiheu wi' h hill and dale, and is fertile and richly wooded. The chief products, col- ton and rice, are extensively cul- tivated. Extent .50,080 square miles. Prp. 581,185, of whom 315,401 are slave-. Cdhm/uia is the state capital. I'op. 3311). Carta'go, a town of (Jnatimala, provuice of Costa Hica. P. t«000. Catochc', a cape of Mexico, in the province of Yucatan.— 21, 34 N. 80, £8 W. Cham'piain, Lake, in Vermont, United States, 128 miles in length and 14 in its greatest )l)readtlu m NORTH AMERICA. Chapala, a lake ot Mexico, pro- ▼Inee of Ouadnlaxara. Cnarle«. Cape, at the eastem ex- tremity of Labrador —52, 20 N. SI, 45 W.-r-\notherin VirRinia, Unit- ed States, on the N. i>olnt of Che- «Apeak Bav.— 37, 20 N. TS, 50 W. Charles'ton, the principal city and sca|)ort of South Carohna, si- tuate at the head of a bay on a pe- nln-^ula formod hy the Ashley and Cooper. It carries on a consider- able trade Pop. 30,289.— It', 16 N. 79, .57W.— .\ town of Massa- chusetts. near the celclmited Bun- ker's Hill, and connected with Boston liy a bridge. Pop. 8787. Ches'apeak, the largest and safest bay of the United States, extending N. about 130 miles, from between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, in Virginia. Chia'pa, atown of Mexico, In a province of the same name, for- merly belonging to Guatimala. Population 4000. Chid'ley, or Chudleigh, Cape, the northern point of Lai)rador, at the entrance of Hudson's Straits, —fit), 2,5 N. fi4, 30 W. Chihu I'hua, a city of Mexico, province of Durango, in the vici- nity of rich silver-mines. Pouula- lloh 30,000.-28, 45 N. 101, 30 W. Chillic'thd, a niunufacturing town of Ohio, United States. Po- pulation 28K). Chohi'la, a city of Mexico, pro- vlnce of Puehla. Here is a great pyramid 177 feet high ; the length of its ba(>ng Island Sound. Cook's In'let, an arm of the sea on the N. W. coast, which, wit!) Prince William's Sound, encloses a large peninsula of the Russian Territory. Cop'permine River, discovered by Mearneln 1771 ; it flows north- ward into the Arctic Ocean. Corona'tion Gulf, a large bay of the Nortliern Ocean, discovered by Captain Franklin. At its east- ern entrance is Point Turnagain. ('orrien'tes, a cape of Mexico, province of Guadalaxara. — 20, 25 N. 105, 39 \V. Cos'ta Ri'ca, a town of Guati- mala, capital of a province of the same name. Pop. 20,000 ('vi'l)a, the lar«est of the West India Islands. It is 700 miles in length by nearly 80 of average breadth, and is traversed from £. to W. by a chain of mountains, co- vered with noble forests. Its soil is very fertile, producing excellent su«ar, coffee, and tobacco ; and it contains rich copper-mines. This island enjoys a delightful climate, and hurr canes are rare. Extent 51,000 square miles. Population 432,000. Culia'can, a town of Mexico, provinciMif Sonora. Pop. 10,80i). Cura^(/a, an island of the Little Vintilles, at)t)ut 30 miles long and 10 l>road. Pop. 13,000. Willlaffl. stadt, its capital, has a fine har- bour. Pop. HOOO. DAVIS* STR.MTS,^ a narrow in 1595, when in search of a N.W. passage, it extendi •bout 20 de« NOltTM AMKRtCA. 285 gt€» from CajM; Farewell, In rcenland, and connrctii the At- lantic Ocean with Baitin's Bay. Delaware, one of the smalkst of the United State8, lying along the western coaNtofthcbay ot the suine name. It produces fine wheat, aiiil has some important manuCac. tures. Extent ''2{)(]8 square milt's. Pop. 70,718. Do'ver is the slate- capital, with a \}op. of 10()0. Dei'aware, a river of the United States, is formed by two streams in the state of New York ; sepa- rating IViinsylvani.i from New JiTsey, it flows past Philadelphia, and enters Delaware Bty, an arm of the sea about (iO miles lung, be- tween Delaware and New Jersey. DeseaMa, or Dosinide', one of the Leeward islands, to the east of Guacialoupe. l»op. 1^40. Detroit ( i )etroa w'). See Michi- gan, Territory of. Domini'ta, one of the F.eoward Ishiids, about i'S) miles in length, and IG in breadth. Its lofty rug- ged mountains, intorlpersed with fertile valleys, yield large quanti- ties of coffee, Migar, and fine tim- ber. Population 18,6(50. Korean' 18 the capital, with a population of 22r)(). iVver, a town of New Ham p. shire, United States. Pop. 5149. ixv Delaware, State of. Ouran'go, a city of Mexico, pro- vince of Durango. Population E'RIE, Lake, one of the great chain of lakes which divides Ca- nada from the United States. It is 280 miles in length, and 50 in breadth, covering an area of about iAOOO .squ;ire miles, and discharg- ing its waters by the Niagara into ■^Ke Ontario. It is subject to violent storms, which, with rocks projecting many miles from the snore, render the navigation dan- gerous. In 1834 there were 30 steam-boats on the lake. E^rie Canal. See Remarks, p. 270. * FAIR'WEATHER, Mount, n^ lotty mountain in the Russian Ter- i!. -X' /'"*'"8 ^" the height of i^,/3G feet above the sea. Fare'well, Cape, the most south- em nninf nf w r^- i_„_i e.i 49 N. 43, 54 W. FayetuKville, a town of North Carolina. United States, with con- siderable trade. Pop. S868, Fear, Cape, on the coast of N. Carolina, at the entrance of Cape Fear River, where there is a daii. gerous shoal.— 34, N. 78, 5 W. Flattery, Cape, on the W. coast so named by Captain Cook in 1778. —48, 20 N. 124, 30 W. Flor'ida, a territory of the Unit- ed States, to the south of Geor. gla. It forms a penmoula 380 miles in length, stretching southward between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic. Theseacoast and the l)anks (if the rivers are swampy, but well adapted for rice and corn| the interior is hilly, and covered with valuat)le timber. Florida be- longed to Spain till 1821. Extent .'57,7 JO square miles. Pup. 34,730 of whom 15,.510 are slaves. Tall lahas'see is the capital. Pop. 2000. Flor'ida, or Baha^ma Channel between the coast of Florida, Cu- ba, and the Bahamas, through wiiich a remarkable current, called the Ciulf Stream, (roin the Gulf of Mexico, rushes with such impe. tuosity to the N. E., that it is per- ce|)tible upon the northern coasts of Europe. Fox Islands. See Aleutian Islands, p. 281. Frank'lin, a town of Missouri. United States, on the Missouri- also the name of several other towns in the Union. Fred'cricksburg, a town of Vir- ginia, United States, 56 miles N. Irouj Richmond. Pop. 3507. I'rcu'erickton, the capital of New Brunswick, situate on the river St John, 83 miles from its mouth Pop. DOOO — 46, 3 N. 66, 45 VV. ' Fred'erickstown, a town in Mary- land, United States. Pop. 4427 Fun'dy, a bay which extends about 200 miles between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and at the upper part divides into two arms, where the rise of the tides sometimes exceeils 60 feet; while in Verte Bay, on the St Lawrence side of the isthmus, the rise is not more than 10 feet. Fu'ry and Hec'la Strait, between Hudson's Bay and the Northern Ocean, discovered by Capt. Parry, but fersdcffd i.'r.prtssabie ay ice. GEORGEMOWN, a town in the district of Columbia, Uoite(| m2 286 KORTH AMERICA. StfttM, on the Potomac, near the city of Wwhington. P. 84U.~.\ |own of S. Carolina, at the mouth pf the Great PeUee. Pop. 20<)0. Oeor'gU, one of the United States, »ej>arate() miles long and fiO broad. It re- ceives from the south the Macketi- lie, under the name of tlie Slave Kiver, which again issues from its "W. extremity. Green'land. Step. 280. Grena'da, one of the Windward , Islands, 25 miles in length and ^ 12 in its greatest breadth. This beautiful and picturesque island U finely wooded, and produces sugar, rum, cocoa, and cotton. Pop. 25,638. St George is the ca- ?ital, with an excellent harbour, 'op. 4000— 12, 4 N.G I, 19 VV. Guadalaxa'ra, a city of Mexico, capital of a province of the same name, situate on the Hio Grande. Pop. 45.000.-21, i) N. 10:i. 2 W. Guadaloupe (Gadeloop'), one of the Leeward Islands, Wtst Indies, about 60 miles long and 25 broad, divided into two p ^rts by a narrow channel. Its plains are fiuitlul, and in it is a volcano, called the Mountain of Sulphur. Population 12T,668. Basseterre', which ranks as the c:ipital, has a population of 9000; but Pointe-ii-Pitre is the chief commercial town, with a nnnulation of 15.000. Guanaxua'to, a city of Mexico, Ihe capital ot a i)roviace of (ho tame name. In the vicinity are numeruua silver-mlnei, lome of which are deemed the richest in the world. l»o|). tJO.OuO.— 311, N. UK), M W. Guaiima'la, the capital of the republic of Guatimala, situate in a larK« plain surrounded by hills. Pop. .50.000.-14, 15 N. ni, VV. Old (Juatimala, about 25 miles south of the present capital, wai totally destroyed by p.n earthquake in l7rV. and riiost of its inhubiiaiits perished ; it now contains a popu- lation of IS. 01)0. Guay'inas, a deanort of Mexico, on the Gulf of California.— 27, 50 N. Ill, ')0 W. H \ L'l F A X, the capital of Nova Scotia, situate on the south-cast coast. Its nolde harbour is the chief naval station ot British .Vme- rica- It is the »eat of a considera- ble fishery, and carries on an ex. tensive trade. Pop. 21,000.-44, 3a, N. ()3, 36 W. Har'risburg. See Pennsylvania. Ilari'ford.a manufacturing town of Connecticut, United States, on the river Connecticut, 50 inilts fiom its mouth. Pop. 97H0. Hal'teras, a remarkable and dan- gerous cape of N. Carolina, Uiiittd States, which extends far into the ocean —35, 14 N. 75, 34 W. Havan'nah, or Havan'a, theca- pital of Cuba, situate on the N. coast of the island. It is strongly fortitied, atid its port is the finest in the West Indies, or perhaps in the world; as a commercial city, it is one of the greatest and most Hour- isliing in the New World. Fop. 115,001).— 23, 9 N. 82, 22 W. Hay'ti, or Hai'tL See St Do- mingo. Hen'ry, Cape, in Virginia, at the S. point of the entrance of Chesa- peak Bay.— 37, 5 N. 75, 55 W. Hondu'ras, a province of (iuati. mala, lying along the Bay of Hon- duras, between the peninsula of Yucatan and the Mosquito shore. It consists of mountains and fertile plains, covered with large forests of mahogany and logwood trees, For the British settlement on the Honduras coast, see Balize> Hud'son, a city of New York, United States, »)n the river Hud. son, 30 miies south oi' Aioauy^wKa 9 good traae, fop. ^^, JlORTII AMBRICA. Itud'ion.a flnerlrerofthe United Statei, has its source in the moun- tains between I^kes Ontario and Cliampiain, and flowing south ward, falls uilo the »pa at Now York J, after a cour-.e of 3i() miles. ' Hiul'soii's Hay, a great Inland oca, aimut T.")!) miles in li-ngth and 60<) at its great e>t breadth, communicating with the Atlantic by Hudson's Strait, and on the north, by the Strait of the Fury ami Hecia, with lialBu's IJay, and also with the Arctic Ocean. Its navigation is open during only four months in tlie summer, and is, be- sides, extremely diingerous from its numerous shoals, rocks, and isl- ands. Yhe British settlements of Churchill Fort, York Fort, Albany Fort, 4iid Moose Fort, arc all on the Western coasts of Hudson's and James' Hays. Hu'ron, Lake, one of the groat lakes which separate Canada irom the United St.ites; in lingtb t»50 miles by U»o in bre.idth, with a depth of 8(K) fett. It communi- cates by straits with Lake Superior and also with I.ake Michigan on the \V., and by the Lake ot St Clair ami the river Detroit with Like Erie on the S. K. Along its lunth- em shore Is a chain of richly, wooded islands, called the Alanl. touiin or Sacred Isles. I'Cy CAHI<:, on the N. W. coast, the iarthest point reached by Cap. tain Co()k.~7.(), i.'9 N. 1(51, 42 VV. Illinois (ll'llnav), one of the United States, bouiideil E. by In. diana; S. by the Ohio j and \V. by the Mi>sissippi, which separates it troni Mi^sourl. The greater por- tion of this tine state is composed of fertile prairies, interspersed with groves of wood. It possesses rich lead-mines, abounds in coal and in salt-springs, and has besides the advantage of extensive water, communication. Extent 59,000 sq. miles, p,,,,, jn 1S30, 1.57,'l5,); in 18.M nearly 3()0,0uO. Vanda'lia, on the Kaskiskia, is the state cai.i. tal. Fop. 6U0. IlTuiois, a river of the United S>tates, Hows 40) miles throogh lllm»is, and falls into the iMissis- *y!'!iw "^''^s alcove the Missouri. ai.„a na, One of the United biaUs, between Illinois and Ohio, boundl ed on the s, by the Ohio, which 287 separated It n-om Kentucky. The ;o I is rich, resembling that of Illinois. Extent 3«,5.'50 tauare miles. Pop. 34,5,031. Indlansp'oll* is thestate-capital. Pop. 1200. Ith'aca, a town of New Yot-k, Unitccl States, at the south end of Cayuga Lake. Pop. 5^70. .,..-'^^''^.?'*^*'V'l'''^. a town of Illinois, United States. Pop. 1800. Jamai'ca, the larg^ st and mo«t valualdeof the British West India Islands, situate 90 miles W. of St Domingo and the same distance S. of Cuba, is 1.50 miles long, by 40 in average breadth. It U tra versed from E. to W. by the loay range of the Blue Mountains, co- vered with m.'ijestic lorests. The principal exports afe sugar, rum, coffee, spices, and ii great variety of tnipical fruits. P 48i),0()0,<>f whom 35,000 are Europeans. Span'ith Town, 16 miles from Kingston, Is the seat of government. P. 6000. James' Bav, nt the southern ex- tremity of Hudson's Bay, James Kiver, in Virginia, Unit- ed States, rises in the Alleghany Mountains, and flowing eastward falls into thesapeak Bav. ' Jorul'lo, a remarkable volcano of Mexico, i)rovince of Valladolid, which rose Irom the pl.iin to the height of 1010 leet, ysth Septem- ber 1/.^!), and continues to throw up smoke and lava Irom thousands ot small cones. KaSKAvS'KIA, a town of lllU nois, United States, In a Hue plain, on a river of the same name. Kcntuck'y, one of the United States, to the W. of Virginia, and bounded on the N, by the Ohio, which separates it from Ohio and Indiana. The soil is hi gene- ral remarkably fertile ; wheat maize, hemp, and tobacco beine the chief objects of culture. Ex- tent 3i),(i00 square miles. Pop. 08/ 917. Frank'fort, on the Ken- tucky, is the state capital. P. 1987. Kings'to ), the principal city and seaport of Jamaica, situate in a hue plain, on the N. 8i0. Mariegalanu', oncof the Leeward Islands, West Indies, to the S. ot Guadaloupe. Pop. 1238.5. Martiniq'MP, or Mariini'co, one of the Windward Islands, West Indies, 46 miles long by 16 br().id, in which are three loitv mountuina and several fertile valleys. Po|). 1 17,502. Fort Royal is the capital. Pop. 7000.-14, 35 N. 61, W. Ma'ryland, one of the United States, situate on both sides ot Chesapeak Bay, and separated from Virginia by the Potomac. It ex- ports largely, iron, tobacco, flour, and other agricultural products. Extent 10,800 .Mpiareuiilcs. Pop, 447,040. Annap'olis is the stale- capitnl. Pop. 2t.23. . Massachii'setts, one of the United States. In manufactures it is ra- pidly rising into importance ; while in commerce, shipping, and tishcry. it takes a decided lead of all the .Stiites. Extent 7800 square miks. Pop. 610,408. Bos'ton is thecapitdl. Massachu'selts, a bay ot the United States, extending from Ciipe Ann on the N. to Cape Cod o»^ t'*6 ^ .. « u » Matan'ras.a seaport of Cuba, on \t» V- cQ;.«t. with a considerable trade. P. 15,000.— 23,0 N. 81,3^ W. May, Cape, the S. point of New I Jersey, United States, at the en- NORTH AMERICA. 289 tranceof Delaware Bay— 58, 56 N. 74, 53 W. Mazat'lan, a seaport of Mexico, near the entrance of the Gulf of Califarnia.-.5?3, 1.5 N. 107, W, Mendoci'no, Cape, in Mexico, on the coast of New California 40. '^9 N. 121, 29 W. Mer'ida, a city of Mexico, capital of the province of Yucatan, situate on an ;irid plain. Pop. 10,000.— L'l, 45 N. 89, 35 VV. Mex'ico, the capital of the re- liublic of Mexico, xituate in the centre of an elevated plain, sur- rounded by lofty mountains, with the beautiful lake of Tezcuco in tlieviciiiity. Its strcetsand squares are very spacious, and many of its public ediHct'S are of great extent and magnirtcencp. Pop. 180,000. -19. 2.) N. 99, 5 W. Mex'ico, Gulf of, a largo bay or Rulf of the Atlantic, extending, at ifs entrance, from the coast ot Mo- nda to that of V^icatan, and bounded N. Iiy Florida and VV. and S. by Mexico, Mi'chigan, a large lake of the United States, 300 miles long by o5 broad, and navigable for vessels ot'any burden. It coinmunic.fes with the N. VV. extremity of L;iko Huron, by the Straits of Michiili- inakinac- Mi'chigan, one of the United States, surrounded on three sides by Lakes Eric, St Clair. Huron, and Michigan. Extent 5-l-.()0() square miles. Pop..-)|,(j.ii). Detroit, on the strait of the s;tme name, be- tween Lakes St Clair and Erie, is thostate.capital. Pop. :J0UO. Mid'dlebury, a t«)wn of Vcr- inoiit, United States, with a col- lege. In its vicinity are line mar- ble-quarries. Population .'MfJS. MulMletown, a town of Connec- ticut, United States, on the t:on- iiecticut; it has considerable trade. Population G87G. Miramichi', a port and river of .^ew Brunswick ; the latter falling into a bay of the same name, and rtistinpuished for the extensive fo- rests on iu banks, whence large shlinnents of timber are made. ™>»8ip'pi,Kiver. Seellemurks, p. zny. Mississip'pi, one of the United ^tates, bounded on the west by the Breat river of the same name, and eastward bordering on Alabama. Though Mable to inundation, the soil in general is very rich, pro- ducing corn, cotton, and tobacco. Extent 43,:i.i0 square miles. Pop. 1.36,«21. Jack'soii, on Pearl River, is the state-capital. Pop. 1000. . •Misiou'ri, lliver. See Remarks, p. i'69. Missou'ri, one of the United States, lying on both sides of the Missouri, and bounded on the east by the Mississippi, which separates it from Illinois. It possesses a fer- tile soil, and abounds in lead. Ex- tent fiO.300 square miles. Pop. 140,145. Jefferson, on the Mis- souri, is the state-capital. Popu- lati(m500. Mistas'sin, a lake of British America, to the N. of Lower Ca- nada. It is above 250 miles in circuit, surrounded by mountains, and discharges its waters by trie Rufiert into James' B.iv. iMo'bile, the principal seaport of Alal)aina, United States, situate at the head of a bay on the Gulf of Mexico, with a HouriNhuig trade. Pop. lO.OOO.— 30, 40 N. 88, 11 W. Montfc'go Biy, a so.i|>ort of Ja- maica, on ihi- N. W.side of the isl- lat.d. Pop. 4000.— 18, 33 N. 78, 10 W. * Mon'terey, a city of Mexico, pro- vince of S.UI Luis Pot SI, on the Fernando. l>op. 15,000 A sea- port of Mexico, province of New California. Pop. 2501). Montreal, a city of Ix)wcr Ca- nada, situate on ttie S. side of the islmd of Montreal, which is form- ed liy the confluence of the St Lawrence and the Ottawa. It is the cerilre of tfie fur-trade, and also of the commerce between Canada and the United Slates. Vessels of (jOO tons come up to .^lontreal, which is IHO miles above Quebec. Pop. 35,000.— i), yi N. 73, 35 VV. Montserrat', one of the Leeward Islands, West Indies, 12 miles lori>; and 7 broad. Pop. 7()0(», of whom 300 are whites. Plymouth is the capital. Pop. tiOO. NAI.M, a town on the coast of Lalirador. chusctts. United States, on an Island of the same name, 15 miles long and 11 broad. It is a g^eat 290 NORTH AMERICA* seat of the southern whale-fishery. Pop. 7202.— 41, 17 N. 70, 6 W. Nash'vilie. See Ten'nessee. Nassati'. See Bahamas. Natch'ez, the principal town of Mississippi, United States, situate on the river of that name, with a thrlviuK trade. Pop. *->79(). Nel'son, a river of British Ame- rica, issues from Lake Winnipeg, and falls into Hudson's Bay near York Fort. Ne'vis, one of the Leeward Isl- ands, West Indies, 7niiles long and 6 broad, separated from St Chris- topher by a nurrow channel. Pop. 10,000. Charlev'town is the capital. New'ark, the principal town of New Jersey, United States, beau- tifully situate at the head of a bay, 9 miles from New York. It has extensive manufactures. Pop. 10,953.-40, 45 N. 74, 10 W. New Bed'tbrd, a seaport of Mas- sachusetts, United States. P. 75U2. Nt'wberi/, the principal town of North Carolina, United States, carries on a considerable trade. Population 3776. New Bnmo'wick, a large pro- vince of British America, to the N. W. ol Nova Scotia, and E. of the United States. 'I'iio greater part is covered with forests, inter- sected by numerous rivers and lakes. Extent t.'7,704 square miles. Pop. 110,4.57. New Biuns'wick, atown of New Jersey, Unitei States, with consi. derable trade. Poj). TS'^l- New'burypnrt, a flourishing sea- port of Massachusetts, United States, near the miiuth ol the Mer- rimack, over which is an iion sus. pension bri66". Nor'«,ich, a town of Connecti- cut, United States, with consider- able manufactures. Pop. 5UVJ. Wo va Sco'tia, a province of Bri- nsn America, connected with New Brunswick by a narrow isthmus, » miles broad. Although the soil " «n general steril, there are TtlflT'^' rii^tric'ts. A greLt part 01 the country is covered with lorests mt.rsperseil with lakes. «r» .'i °"I' *"^ tiinberare the chief Sr ^^"'''"'^^ ^"^^'''t 15,617 *^'i.^':^.f?."e''- Pop. 150.()(K). ca^tai^o'?^'^' * ^"5^ °*" Mexico, ««ml ^ a province of the same awne#ontbe Rio Verde. Iti«H 291 place of considerable trade. Po- Ijulation 40,000.-16, 45 N. 97, 20 Ohi'o, one of the United States, between Pennsylvania and Indi- ana, bounded on ihe S. by the great river o» the same name, is in beauty, fertility, and climate, one of the finest states of the Union. It is watered by several navigable streams, and offers so many ad- vantages, that it has risen with re- markable rapidity. P:xtent3!),-er ami Lower Canada, and enters the St Law- rence above the island of Mon- treal, after a course of 420 miles in which are numerous rapids and islands. Ozark' Mountains. See Re- marks, p. 269. PASC U A'U O, a town of Mexico, province of Valladohd, beduiituliy Mtuate near the E. shore of the lake of the same name 19, 20 N. _ .. . ..... ., I ,, ,^.^,j jj, ;yjg.^„ ico, nrovince of New Mexico, on the Rio del Norte. Fai'tefBon, a town of New Jer^ 292 NORTH AMERICA^ sev, United States, 14 miles from New York ; it has great cotton- manufactures. Pop. 7731. Pennsylva'nia, <»ne ofthe United States, and, next to Now Yorii, the most important in the Union, is boutxied N. bv New York, and K. by tiie lOelaware, whicli divides it from New Jerscv ; with a sod ge- nerally rich, it abounds in coal and iron. Its trade and manufactures are both extensive and flouri>li- inp. Estoiit 1.1,95'^ square miles. Pop. 1,3IS,'J'53. Har'risburR, on the Susquch nnah, is the stale-ca- pital. Pop. 4311. Penob'scot, a river of Maine, United Strifes, which flows into Penobscot B iv. Pvnsaoo'ia, a seaport of Florida, United States on a bay of the Gulf of Mexico. Pop. 1000.— 30, 28 N. 87, 11' W. Pe'ttrsbvir.c[, a thriving town of Virpinia, United States, oji^ the Appomatox. Pop. S5i2-2.— 57» 15 N. 77, '-^0 W. Phiiadel'phia, the principal city of Pennsylvania, United States, situate oii the Delaware, near its junction with the Schuylkill, V20 miles (rnm the Atlantic. Besides a flourishing university, it contains various literarv and scicntilic es- tablishments. 'In extent of ship- ping, millaiielnhia ranks next to New York anil Boston. Popula- tion 167.811.-59. :u N. 75, 11 W. Pictou', a seaport of Niva Sco. tia, on its north coast, with a safe ana capacious harbour. Tts trade in timber, coals, and fish, has ra- pldly increased. Pop. 450i>. Pittsa)urg, a flourishing town of Pennsylvania, United 8tiite8,situ. ate at the pnint where the Alle- Khany and Monongahela unite in forming the Ohio. Its numerous maiiutactures, particularly its iron- works, are very extensive. Pop. in 1830 was ie,51i'; in 1854, 25,000. —40, 52 N. 80, 2 W. Platte, a rivt-r of the United States, has its souice r.car that of the Arkansas, and, flowing east- ward, joins the Missouri after a course of ItiOO miles. Platts'burg, a town of New York. United States, on Uike Chantiplain, a place of seme trade. Pop. 4913. fljm'outh, a seaport of Massa- chusetts, United State*, v;lth con. Biderable trade. Pop. 4751.— 41 07 N.70, 40 W. Pontchar'train Lake, In Louisi- ana, United States, 36 miles loriK and 24 broad ; it communicates with the (7ulf of Mexico, and also with the Mississippi. Port-au-Prince, the capital of St Domingo or Hayti, situate on the W. coast of the island, at the bot- tom of a deep gulf. Pop. 20,000. -18, 33N. 7'J, ^7 W. Port Hay'tien, a seaport of St Do- mingo, on its N. coast. P. 10,000. Porl'land, the principal city and seaport of Maine, United States, on Casco B.ty. Its foreign trade is considerable. Pop. 12,(501.-4,), 39 N. 70. "20 W. Poi t of Spain, or Span'ish Town. Sec Trinidad. Por'to-P.i'co,one of the Great An- tilles, West Indies, to the east of St Domingo, about 110 miles lonp and 3ti broad. It is very firtilc, with fine woods and pastures, and is the centre of an extensive com- merce. Po|». 1.10,000. San Ju'an, on the north coast, is the cnpital. Pop. :;0,000.— 18, .38 N. (56, W. Ports'mouth, the principal city and seaport of New Hampshiro, United States, strongly fortified, with an excellent harbour. Pop. 808>.— 4.S, 4 N. 70, 45 W. Poto'mac, a river of the United States, which rises in the Alle- ghany Mountains, and, afterforra- ing the boundary betwe^^n Mary- land and Virginia, flows into Che- sapeak Bav. Poy'aij, a town and district of Guatimala, on the Honduras or Mosquito coast. Prince Kd'ward Island, called formerly St John, is situate in a Bay of the (Julf of St I^wrence, and separated from New Bruns- wick and Nova Scotia by Nor- thumberland Straits. It is about 140 miles in length by 20 in mean breadth. This fine island is deep. Iv indented by bays, and is favour- ably situate for .agriculture and fisheries. Po)). 33,000. Charlotte- town is the capital. Pop. 2.)00. Prince ot VVales, Cane, the most western point_of NorUi Amoric^, Kcparaied bv iichring's sif^i^s, ■.— miles broad, from the Eastern C»l)eofA»ia.-^5,45 N. 168, HW* NORTH AMERICA, 29a Prince William's Sound, a gulf of the Pacific, on the N.W. coast, so named by Cook in 1778. Prov'idence, a flourishing sea- port, thccdpital of Rhode Island, United States, sitUHte on both sides of the river of the sanne name. Pop. 16,832.— 41, 49 N. 71, 21 W. Pueb'la.acity of Mexico, the capi. tal of a province of the same name. Its churches are uncommonly splendid, and it has flourlshinR nnu nulactures. Pop. 70,000.-19. N. 98, W. QUEBEC, the capital of Ca- nada and of British America, on the north bank of the St Law. rence, about 400 miles from its mouth. It is very strongly Ibrti. fied, and possesses an extensive trade. In i759 it was taken from the French by the British, under Gent a! Wolfe, who (ell in the en- gagement. Pop. 30,0U0.— 4G, 49 K71, 16W. Qiiereta'ro, a city of Mexico, not- ed for the beauty of its edifices and its cottoii-manulactures. Pun. ;io,oO().— JO, .'10 N. 100, 10 vv. RAY, CAPE, the S. W. cxtre- rj'^y 0' Newfoundland.— 17, 4U N. Read'ing, a town of Pennsylvania, United States, on the Schuylkill, with considerable trade and ma- nufactures. Pop. 5S59. Red River, or Ri'o Hox'o, rises near the Rocky Mountains, in i\ew Mexico, and, after a south- easterly course of 1.500 miles, joms the Mississippi about i>40 miles above New Orleans. RAodc Island, one of the United Mates, the smallest in the union, between Connecticut aid Massa- chuselts. it is celebrated for its orchards and dairy produce. Kx- tent lofiO square miles, P. 97, 199. Prov'uience is the capital. .Rich'mond, the capit&l of Vir. ginia, on J;imes Kiver, about l.')9 miles from its mouth. It is flourish- ing and opulent, and its situation s jnghiy pi,.turesque. Pop. ,„ S*,o'v^'i'^^J in 1834, iii.OOO. -37, 3'J N, 77, ^0 W. nv»i!l^*" ^'^"^' < "'I'"'). In Canada, extending (rom Kingst<.n, on Lake Ontario, to the Ottawa nr (Jr.n^^ '^'vcr. nag been executed bv the Ri'o Colora'do, a river of Mexico, rises in the Rocky Mountains, and, alter a snuth-v^est course of 700 miles, falls into the Gulf of Cali- fornia.— Another rivtr in the State of Texas, also ri^es in the Rocky Mountains, and flows into the Uulf of Mexico. Ri'o del Nor't6, a tiver of Mexi- co, which has its source in the Itocky Mountains, and, flowing S. E. falls into the ii tilt of Mexico. Roch'estcr, a flourishing town of New York, United States, on the Eric Canal, at the grtat falls of the Genesee. Pop. l-l.OOO.- i3, 8 N. 77,61 VV. Rock'y 3Ioun'tains. See Re- marks, p. 'Jt.9. Rob'ier, a Cape of Lower Cana- da, at the mouth of the bt Law- rence.— 48, .'yO N. G4, 15 W. -SA'HA, one of the leeward Islands, West Indies, N. W. ot ht Eustatius. I'op. oOi). Sa'ble, Cape, ifu- S. W. point of Nov;i Sc(iiia.— 43, 24 N. 6,), 38 W. See Tanchii, or Sable Point. ft :,. i. '*" "^" executed bv the o/ni- i^^i^^'IJ'"®"^' a^^n expense Of nearly £1,000,000 sterling. Sa'bic, a small and liarreti island in the Atlantic, about Ho miles S.E. of Cape taiiseau, in Nova Seotia; dangirous to maiiners.— 43. 59 N. 59, 48 W. Saek't'tt's Harbour, a town of New York, United States, on the shore of Lake Ontaiio, strongly fortifitd.— Jl, 5) N. 7.i, 57 W. St .Au'mistiiie, a seaport of Flo- rida, United States. Pop. 5UU0.— 29,48 N. 81,35 W. St Rartho'lomt'w, one of the Leeward Islands, West Indies, 24 milts in circuit. Pop. 8U10. Gus- ta'via IS the capital. St C//ri>'toplier, or St Kitts «ne of the Leeward Islands, West In- dies, 12 miles in circuit. Pi mei- p;il exports, sugar, molasses, and rum. Pop. i;3,-^90. Ras-eteneMa the capital. Pop. 800u.— 17, 20 N. 02. 53 W. St Croix (Croaw'), or San'ta Cruz, one ot. the Virgin Mand*, West Indies, 'il miles long and 9 bro.-td. Pop. 31,387. Clln^'tian- stad/is the capital. Pop. 6UU0. - St Croix', a river which separates New Brunswiik from the United Stati's. St Domln'go, or Hay'ti, one of the Great Antilles, and, next to Cuba, the largest of the West In, 294 NORTH AMEllICA. dia Islands, beliiR about 450 miles in length and Hi) in breadth. The soil of the plains is exceedingly fer- tile. It abounds in excellent ttni- ber and valuable mines. 1 his hne island is now an independent negro republic. Pop. upwards of 50U,000. Port-au-Prince is the capital. St Domin'go, a 8ea|)ort of the above island, on its S. E. coast. Pop. 10.000.-18. 28 N. 69, 59 W- St Eli'as, a lofty mountain on the N. W. coast, rising to the height of 15,000 feet above the level of the pea. St Eusta'tius, one of the Lee- ward Islands, West Indies, N. W. ofStChiiPtopher. Pop. 20,000. ht Eusta'tius is the capital. Poj). (iOOO. St John, one of the Virgin Isl- ands, West Indies, 1'2 miles ni cir- cuit. Pop.t.'50i>. St John, the principal seaport ol New Brunswick, on the IJay of Fundy, at the mouih ot the river .St John, which has a course of nearly fiOO miles. Pop. 84(J8.— 'la, 15 N.Cifi, 6 W. ^^^ _ St John, thechipf tnwnof Ne<«r. foundlanri. on the S. E. side ot the island. It is strongly tortilied, and lias a great trade in the cod-ti-hery, Population about '-'0,000.-47, 33 N. .Vi, 38 W. St John. See Antigua. St Kitt's. See St Christopher. St Law'rence, Kiver. Sae Re- marks, p. 5?Gi. St Law'rence, Gulf of, a large bav or gulf of the Atlantic, the principal entrance to which, from the ocean, is between Cape Breton and Newloundland. It receives the waters of the St Lawrence. St Lou'is, the principal town of Missouri. United States, situate on the Mississippi, "Jb miles below the influx of the Missouri, and 1200 miles from New Orleans. It is the centre of a considerable trad<'. P. in 1850 was 5852; in 1834, 10,000. —58, or, N. 89, 55 W. St Lu'cas, a cape of Mexico, the southern extremity of California. — y?, 50 N. 109, 45 W. St Lu'cia, one of the Windward Islands, West Indies, between Martinique and St Vincent, 32 , rM\e% long and 12 broad. Pop. 16,116. iJah'tries li the capital. Pop. S.'iOO. {It Mar'tin, one of the Leeward Islands, West Indies, 44 miles in circuit. Pop. 7400. St Pe'ters, a river of the United States, flows into the Mississippi a few miles below the Falla of St Anthony. , . , St Pierre', the principal com- morclHl town and seaport of Mar- tmique. West Indies. Pop. 18,000. — 11, 45 N. 61,13 W. , , .,, St Sal'vador, or Guanahr/ni Is]. and. See Bahamas. St Sal'vador, a city of Guatima- la, capital of the province of the same name ; it has a great trade in indigo. Pop. 59,000.-13, 40 N. 89 W. St T/iom'as, one of the Virgin Islands, West Indies, 25 miles in circuit. Pop. 7000. St Thomas is the capital. Pop. 3000. St Vin'cent, one of the Wind- ward I>lands,West Indies, IS miles !or.'^ and 11 broad. It is very mountainous, with fertile interme- diate valleys. Chief exports, suirar, rum, and molasses. Pop. 'iG.IlOO. Kings'town is the capital. Pop. 8000.-13, 11 N. 61,17 W. Saiiites three small islands West Indies, between Guadiiloupc and Dominica. Sa'lem, a flourishing seaport of Massachussefs, United States. P. 13.886 -42, 31 N. TO, 64 W. i-nn Bias, a seaport ot Mexico, province of Guadalaxara, at the mouth of the Santiago. P. 30(10. San Prancis'co, a seaport ot Mex. ico, province of New California, on an extensive bay.— 37, 40 N. iJil, 50 'w. San'dv-Hook, a small island of the Un'itcd States, near the W. end of Long Island. San Ju'an. See Porto Rico. San-Lu'is Poto'si, a city ot Mex- ico, capital of a province of the .sauie name. Pop. 20,000.-22, 1,. N. 100. 30 W. , „ .^ San'ta P6, a town of Mexico, province ot New Mexico, with se- veral manufactures. Pop. 4000. Saritia'go, a seaport of Cuba, on the S. E. side of the island, with a fineha.bour. Pup. 27.000.-^iO,0 ^'sl^van'nii/i, a river of the United States, forming the boundary W- and falling into the Atlantic. Savan'na/i, the principal mpox} iiahr/ni h]. of Georgia, United States, on the Mavannah, ITmilesfrom Us mouth. Pop. 7303.— 32, 4 N. 81, 7 W. Sci'tiiate, a town of Hhode Isl- nnd, United States, II miles from Providence. Pop. 68.')3. Shavv'neeiown.a townnf lUhinis United Statec, on the Ohio, btlow its junction with the Wahash. Sono'ra, a town of Mexico, in the province of the same name. Span'lsh Town. See Jamaica. Spiing'field, a thrivinct town of Massachusetts, United States, on the Cnnnecticnt. Pop. 6781. Sfa'ten Island, belonging to New York, United States, 18 miles lonpand 8 broad, and divided from Long Island by the strait called the Narrows. Supt'rior, Lake, the largest of the great American lakes, and the greatest body of fresh water on the globe. It is 400 miles in length and 1-10 in breadth, lis depth is 79i? feet, and it is (517 above the level of thesea. Numerous i.-laiids are scattered over this lake, which receives 2vO rivers and strean.s, and discharges its waters through St Mary's Strait into I,ake Huron. S(lsquehan'n.^//, a river of the tnited States, has its source from Lake Otsego, flows through Peon. s\iv;ii,iii, and enteis the head of thesapcok IJay, TAMFI'to; a seaport of Mexico, V {5^ P"lf>«' that name.— a-^, "M TaiiVha, or Sa'ble Point, the joiithcrn extremity of Florid.i, United State:r-i>4, .50 N. 8 1 , I.) \V. .irf'os, a town of Mexico, pro- vince of New Mexico. Taiin'ton, a town of Massachu- setts, United States on the Taiin- lon; with several manuiactures. ^ op. (i()i5. Ten'nojce, one of the Unil.Hl Mates bouDdeil N. by Kentucky, and Vv. ly „,^ Mi.ssisMppl. |,' ranks among the most fertile states 01 the Union, and is distinguished 2 oiIm'^'"'^'^"^ scenery. Extent i-m) square miles. I'op. fiM 1 ,i»()4 Nashville is the capital. P. .V,(>b. ^t.tZ 'l^'^f e,a river of the United Maters tormed by the un.o.i of inel?"'''*'*^'""^^''^''a'-Knox. ^"le, and.a)ft.rao;..«..'.„ , S„"'«<->''io, 50 miles above Us confluence with the MifisUsippl. NORTH AMERICA. 295 . Tep'ic, a town of Mexico, pro- vince of Guadalaxara, on the sum- nut of a mountain. '^^^^,^^*\Vro\iucc of Mexico to me I. of Kio del Norte, but now erected into an independent re- public. Pop. G.^.OOO. Three RivVrs, a town of Lower Canada, situate at the confluence ot the St Maurice and the St Law- rence. Pop, 3.'J00. TlascaKa, a town of Mexico, pro- vince of Puebia, once a most po- pulnuscity; with some manufac- tures. Pop. 3400. Toba'go, one of the Windward Islands. West Indies, N. E. of Irinidad, 32 miles long and VJ hroad. It is fitxly divcrsified^hy hills and vales. Population 13,200. Scar'borough is the capital. P.aooo. Toron'to, until lately called Vork, the capital of U|)i>er Canada, situate near the head of Lake Un- tario, 184 miles above Kingston, wuh an excellent harbour. Pop. y.VlO.-i:^, 31 N. 79. 20 W. lorto'la, the principal of the Virgin I^Ics, West Indies, 12 miles l;;ng and 4 broad. Pop. 7731. lorto'lii is the capital. 'I'riiiiilad', next t<. Jamaica, is the l, miles above Alb.iny. Pop. 11,40).— jy, 44 N. 7r>, 40 W. 'J'ruxil'lo, a seaport of Guafi- mala, province of Honduras.— 15. 51 N 80. 7 VV. li'TICA, a flntirishing town of New York, United States on tho Mohawk, where the Erie Canal joins that river. Pop. 8323.-43, 6 N. 7.), in \V. VAL'LADOLin', a city of Mex- ico, c.ipital of tiie province of VaU ladolid or Mechoacan. P. S.'i.tMK). Vancouv'er, called ali.tpe'lier ig the state-capital. Pop. UW. Vil'la del Prin'ciif;, a town ot Cuba, in the interior ot tl.e island, the scat of the supreme court. Pop. 4H.()t)« ~i.'0, 51 N. 77, 50 W. Vincentit./, a town ot Indiana, United Suites, on the Wabash. Pop. IHl)i>. , rT •. 1 Virgih'ia, one of the United States, the Ian. est and most power- !ul of all the Southern States, is bounded on the snuth by North Carolina, and traversed by succes- sive ranges of the Alleghanies, fio-n wliich descend numerous htrcums. Although the soil is va- riou^, it is highly favourable tor agriculture. Ti)bicco, wheat, and maize, are its great staples, hx- tent G4,()0() square miles. Pop. 1.211,105, of whom 4(i5»,7.'7 are slaviii. Kich'mond is the capital. Vii'gin Isles, a immerou-. group in the We t Indies, between Porto Kico and the Leeward Islands, bo- longing to the Bntish and Danes. Pop. 77. "50. ^^, ,-. . Vii'gin Gor'da.one of the Virgin Islands, West Indies. Pop. «0 0. WA'UASH, a river of the United States, rlset oil the W. border of Ohio, separates Indiana from llli- noi8?and join, the Ohio 100 mdc, aliove its confluence with the Mis- * ^vVa'r'wick, a town of Rhode Isl. and, United States, at the head ot Naraganset Bay, with cotton-ma- nuf.ctures. Pop. 5529. Wash'ington, the capital of the United States, finely situate ori the Potom-ic, 111 the district of Colum- bla, about 120 miles Irom Us June tion with Chesape'ik Bay. lop. 18.827.-:^8,5'2N.77, 1 W. Wheeling, a town of Virginia, United States, on the Ohio. Po- pulation 5'-22l. , . , ♦„..,„ Wil'mlngton. the prlncipaltown of Delaware, United Stales, with flourishing trade and inaniilac- tures. Pop. e«yH.-A thriving sea- port of N. Carolina on Capo Fear River. Pop. 2«t)8. Wind'sor, a town of Vermont, United States, on the Connecticut. *'"{vin'ni'peg,alargelakeofBritlsh America, N. W. of Lake Superior 280 miles in length and from hO to 15 in breadth. It receives seve- ral large rivers, and dischar«es its waters into Hudson's Bay, by tfie Nelson and the Severn. XA'LAPA,a handsome city of Mexico, province of Vera Crui, -ituate 40 10 feet above the sea. Pop. 13.000.-19. 30 N. m, 50 W. y AU'iMOUTH, a thriving eea. port of Nova Scotia, on the west coast. P. 1500.-43,5.5 N.bO, 5 W, Yt)rk. See loronto. Yu'cataii.a province and pemn- 8ula of Mexico, projecting Iron the continent 3G0 miles, -"d sei* rated from the island ot tuba m a channel about ItJO mile* broajl It is washed on the b. E. by tt| Hay of Mondnras, on whicn is British settlement. . ZACA rtl'CAS, a city of Mex« CO, capital of a province ot j same name, surrounded by rii^ silver-mines. Pop. 25,000.— -<)if N. 101,35 W. % SOUTH AMERICA bounded ^r. hv the Isthmus of Panama and the ta- by rifebean Sea; W. by the Paciac Ocean ; S. by th« lll^ . border of I from lllt< lUU miles ;h the Mis- Rhode Isl- the head of cotton-ma- pltal of the Luate on the t of Colum- am its June- Bay. Top. 1 W. of Virginia, Ohio. Po. Inclpal town Slates, with d iimnutac- thriving sea- a Cape Fear uf Vermont, Connecticut. ike of British jke Superior, and from !iO eceives seve- lischarues its i Bay, by the n. dsome city of ■ Vera Crui, lOve the sea. »J.9(>, 50 W. thriving sea. /on the west ,5 N.ti6,5W, 0. ce and penin- ojecting tron iies, «nd sei* id of C uba b|i ) mde> btmi S. E. by »n which isi city of Me4 ovince of m ndtd by rici 25,000.-23,1 Lnd the ta- S. by thi ^ * vTHUsnKn m- oijvku »: woyi>, KKiNim ., iirrtiiiilii 111' 0,, i.» M.iiihiruii '■lwUillhl<<\ Ti,;> Vl«:..iU...J.fe''S*-"-' >. S-AMBJil ,11 O^ » I fi HUSnKD HT OWTKll * JH»yi>, K1IINI1I KOJI . •--• V SOUTH AMKniCA. 29? Southern Ocean; and E. by the Atlantic. The su- perficial area has been estimated at 7,000,000 square., miles, and its population at 13,000,000. DlvUloni. , Chief Towns, Colombia Santa Fe de Booota, Carthagcna, Popayan ; Caruccas, La Guuyra, IVIaracaibo, (uinana; Quito, Guay- aquil, Cuenya. Guiana George Town, Paramaribo, Cayenne. Brazil Kio Janki no, Uahia or St Salvador, l*ernambuco, Maranhani, Para. Peru IjiaiAjCalluo, Cuzco,Guamanga,Are- quipa, Puno, Truxillo. Holiviaor Upper Peru..Iial*lata, (ial*az,Potosi,Cochabamba. Para|?uay Assumption, Villa Rica. LaPlaia Buenos Ayiiks, Cordova, l\Ien- doza, Santa Fe. Banda Oriental Monte Video. Chili Santiago, Valparaiso, Conception. Patagonia Port-Desire. Capes — St Roque, Frio, St Maria, St Antonio,Horn. Gulfs, Bays, and Straits — GulfotParia, Gulf of Maracaibo, Gulf of Darien, Bay of Panama, Gulf of Guayaquil, Bny of All Saints, Straits of Magellan, Straits of Le Maire. Isthmus. — Panama or Darien. Mountains, — Antles or Cordilleras, Parime Moun« tains, Mountains of Brazil. Lakes. — Maracaibo, Titicaca, Xaraycs. RivEHS. — Amazon or Maranon, La Plata, Orinoco, Magdalena, Essequibo, Madeira, Kio Negro, Paraguay, Parana, Para or Tocantin, San Francisco, IMendoisa or Colorado. Islands. — Margarita, Galapagos Islands, Juan Fer- nandez, Chiloe, Terra del Fuego, Falkland Islamls, South Georgia, New South Shetland Islands. BEMARKS. , South America extends from 12° N. to 56° S. lat., and jrom 35" to 81" VV. long. ; being upwards ot\4C60 miles in length from north to south, and 3160 miles in breadth froai east to west. in 110 part of the world are the features of nature so bold and marked as in South America. Its mountains, its ri- ?eii|i and elevated plains; are on ^ scale of unusual magni.. 298 SOUTH AMERICA. ficence. The gigantic Andes form the longest unbroken range of lofty summits on the globe. They extend above 4000 miies, from the Straits of Magellan to the Isthmus of Panama, and consist of parallel chains or insulated moun- tains, rising far within the region of perpetual snow, and enclosing table-lands, whose general elevation is 6000 feet above the level of the ocean. Cotopaxi, one of the loftiest, and the most dreaded of all the volcanoes of the Andes, is described by Humboldt as a perfect cone, which, covered to an enormous depth with snow, shines with a dazzling splendour at sunset against the azure vault of heaven. Still farther to the east rises another plateau, inferior in ele- vation and extent to the western table-land. Chimborazo, whose summit is 2I,4S6 feet above the level of the sea, has been hitherto supposed to be the loftiest of the Andes; but, by the late observations of Mr Pentland, it would appear that the peaks of lllimani and Sorata, in Upper Peru, rise, the hrst to 24, '200, and the second to 25/250 feet, and are consequently the highest in America. The mountains and plateaus of Thibet may vie in eleva. tion with those of South America; but in the magnitude of its streams the latter is altogether unrivalled. The Cordil- leras contain the sources of the two greatest rivers in the world. Of these the Amazon, called likewise the Maranon, which is navigable for about 2000 miles, holds the first rank. It is composed of the united waters of the Ucayal and Tunguragua; and is swelled in its course by numerous tributaries, which are in themselves majestic rivers. It rolls nearly eastward through a space of 3300 miles, ex. panding, before it reaches the Atlantic, under the equator, into an estuary 180 miles wide. So great is the force of its current that it repels the waters of the ocean, and forces itself, pure and unmixed, upwards of 200 miles into thesea. The tide, on the other hand, is perceptible at Obidos, 400 miles from its mouth. The second in magnitude is the La Plata, formed by the unioji of several large streams, of which the most important are the Parana and Paraguay. At Bu- enos Ayres, 200 miles from its mouth, this river is about 30 miles broad ; and after a southerly course of nearly 2200 miles, pours its waters into the Atlantic by a magnificent estuary, 1.50 miles wide. Next, though much inferior to these, is the Orinoco which insues frotn a small lake in the Parime Mountains, and, after winding round them, pursues a northern direction, It is increased by many important ftvreams, wUeiii bending t;astward, it roUs along with ^^^^ SOUTH AMERICA. '299 unbroken end above [sthmus of ted moun< snow, and i 6000 feet he loftiest, Andes, is 1, covered a dazzling f heaven, rior in ele- limborazo, he sea, has ndes; but, ild appear Peru, rise, t, and are e in eleva. magnitude ?he Cordil- /ers in the i Maranon, Is the first the Ucayal ■f numerous rivers. It miles, ex. he equator, force of its and forces nto the sea. )bidos, 400 e is the La IS, of which f. At Bu. is about 30 learly 2'iOO maj^nificent inferior to lake in the jm, pursues y important ; with great force and rapidity, until it enters the Atlantic to the south of Trinidad, by a delta of about fifty channels, and after a course of 1480 miles. It is navigable for about 1000 miles from its mouth, and in an early part of its course forms a remarkable communication by the Cassiquiari with the Rio Negro, a tributary of the Amazon. In South America the climate varies with the elevation no less than with the latitude. Under the equator the infe- rior limit of perpetual snow is at the height of 15,800 feet, —and this boundary is invariably and strongly defined. The climate and ve^retable productions of different regions of the globe are found in regular succession, as the traveller as- cends from the level of the ocean to the summit of the Andes. Between the tropics, cassava, cocoa, maize, plantains, indi- go, sugar, cotton, and coffee, are cultivated from the level of the sea tp the height of from 3000 to 5000 feet. There, too, oranges, pine- apples, and the most delicious fruits, grow luxuriantly. Extreme fertility is the general character of the soil in South America, and its magnificent rivers and internal re- sources seem to mark it out as destined to become the most important part of the globe. Under the thraldom of the old governments of Spain and Portugal, the colonists seemed scarcely aware of the advantages of their situation ; but now that they have succeeded in throwing off the yoke, the con- sciousness of independence, and the security of a free go- vernment, may be expected to call forth their energies, and prompt them to avail themselves of their exhaustless re- sources. Of this vast continent, Spain, before the late revolutions, possessed New Granada and the Caraccas, Pe*!i, Chili, and Paraguay, which are now independent countries; Brazil belonged to the Portuguese; Guiana now belongs to the British, Dutch, and French; Patagonia is occupied by native tribes. Of her former extensive possessions in South America, Spain retains not a single spot Her oppression, long endured with servile patience, at last provoked her subjects to rebellion, and several important republics have been founded on the ruins of the old government. EXERCISES. What are the boundaries of South America ? What is its extent in snnaf.^ t-r^n^^ S »I''l,~. :- iU_ -• J n Tr riai, i3 ine csuiiimea amounc or "8 population ? Name its divisions. What are the chief towns of Colombia ? Of Guiana ? Of Brazil? Of Peru ? V^t Bolivia ? Of Paraguay ? Of La Plata ? Of Chili ? 300 SOUTH AMERICA. What are the principal capes of South America ? What are its gulfs, bays, and straits ? Mention its isthmus. XSameits mountains, lakes, rivers, and islands. ., , , 0*1, Between what degrees of latitude and longitude does South America extend 't What are its length and breadth ? Of what character are its features ? pt^.^cnbe the Andes. What is their extent ? What is the height of the table-knds ? Describe Cotopaxi. What are the respective heigh s of Chimborazo, lUimani, and Sorata? In what circumstaiice is South America unrivalled? Which is the greatest of its rivers? Of what streams is it composed ? What is the length of its course, and its width before reaching the Allan- tic ? How far does it penetrate pure and unmixed into the ocean ? How far from its mouth is the influence of the tide distinctly felt ? What is the next river in magnitude ? Wha are the most important of the streams which unite to form it What is its width at Buenos Ayres, and at its mouth ? VVha river is next to these in magnitude ? Where to it rise How is it connected with the Amazon ? What is the length of its course? , ,. . /. o *u a,,,« With what circumstances does the climate of South Anie- rica vary ? What is the inferior limit of perpetual snow under the equator? M^hat products ^re cu^^^^'Sit^^, J^^'^it tropicJ from the level of the sea to the height of from 3000 to 5000 feet ? ^Vhat is the general character ot the soil in SouUi America? By what circumstance does it seem destined to become a mosf important part of the globe ? What former y prevented the colonists from availing themselves ot their ad- vantages ? By what circumstances are they now likely to be country is occupied by native tribes ? Does Spain retain an) of her South American possessions ? DESCRIPTIVE TABLE OF SOUTH AMERICA. ALAGO'AS, a town in Brazil, the capital of a province. P 14,000. All .Saints B^iy "'» a large and commoinnus Imy ot Hrazil, on the coast olBihia, containing several fertile i-lajuls. Aiii'azon or Mar'anon River. See Roinarks, p. t'98. An'clca, 'ir C )rai/leras. See Re- marks, p. i'j8. Arequ/|)a a city of Peru, capi- a tine valley. Ne.ir it is a great volcano. Pop. 30,000.--16'' iJV S. Jat-Tl'-SV VV. long Assumi/tion, the capital ol i*ar- acuav, on the river of that name. /op.li',000.— 25, l.J S. .57, 35 W. BXHl'A, or St Sal'vailor, a large commercial city and seaport of Brazil, situate at the entrance of the noble Bay of All Saints. The publiciniildmgs are numerous. Pop. IVO.(»00.--I3, .5 S. S«. -i'S W. Baii'da Oriental', or IJr'nguay, bounded N. bv Brazil, and W. b\ La Plata, was erected into an m- di-uendent state in 1829. Kxte"' 80,0110 square miles. Pop. 1 /(l,iw- Berbice', a district of Ouim belonging to Britain, S. E. of Ue- merara, Its chief e^-porta arcc oN SOUTH AMERICA. fee aud lugar. Extent 30.000 square miles. Population £4,560. TJew Amsterdam, at the mouth of Beibice River, is the capital. Blan'co, Cape, in the Pacific Ocean, the S. point of the Gulf of Guayaquil.— 4, 17 S. 81, "20 W. Bogota' or San'ta F6 de Bogota', a city of Colombia, the capital of New Granada, situate in a lux- uriant plain, elcvtted 8720 feet at)ove the sea, and surrounded by grand mountain scenery. Pop. •10,000.-4, 35 N. 7t, 13 W. Boliv'ia or Upper Peru'. See Peru. Brazil', an extensive empire, ex- tending from the Amazon to the La Plata; bounded N. hy Guiana and Colombia ; W. by Peru, Boli- via, Paraguay, and La IMata; S. by Banda Oriental, and E. by the Atlantic. 'I'his country belonged to Portugal till 18Jl,when it asserted its independence, and, having ob- tained a free constitution, is now governed by a prince of the house ot Braganza, with the title of im- pcror. Extent 5.0(10,000 square miles. Population 5.()00,0()0. Bue'nos Ay'rcs, a city ot La Pla- ta, capital ot the |)rovince of Bue- nos Ayres, situate on tlie S. shoie of tiie PJo de la Plata, about 2(;0 miles from the ocean. It is well fortified, and is a great emporium of trade. Though the river is here 30 miles broad, owing to its shaU lowncss large vessels cannot ap- proach neaier than 5 or 6 miles from the city. Pop. 80,000.-34, 36 S. 58, 21 W. CALLA'O, a seaport of Peru, province of Lima, with an excel- lent harbour. It is the port of Lima, from which it is 5 miles distant. Pop. 4000.—' i>, 3 S. 77, 14 W. Carac'cas, a city of Colombia, capital of Venezuela, in a tertile vailt-y, surrounded by lofty moun- tains. It carries on considerable trade. P.SO.OOO.— 10,31 N. 67,5W. Carthage'na, a seaport of Colom- bia, capital of the province of the ^anie mime. It has a tine harbour, with a naval arsenal, and is strong- ly fortified. Pop. 18,000.-10, 25 4/\ ^«T ^u vv. Caxamar'ca, a town of Peru, province of Truxillo.distinguished as the place where, in 1533, Ata- 301 hualpa, the last of the Incaa« tvtog put to death by Pizarto. P. 7000. Caxoei'ra, atown of Braiil, prd- vince ot Bahia, the mart for thepro* duce of the gold mines. P. 16»u00. Cayenne', a district of Guiana be- longing to the trench, bounded dh the W. by the colony of Surinani. It is extremely unhealthy, beinjr low and swampy, and covered with majestic forests. Extent 3K,^ square miles. Population SS,684. Cayenne', the capital, is situate on an island, at the mouth of a rivet-, both of the same name. Pop. ?000. Chi'li, a long and narrow terri- tory between the Pacific OcieaA and the Andes, which separate it from Lu Plata. In 1K18 it wftt proclaimed an independent stat^, and '• for ever" separated lyom the monarchy of Spain Extent 170,000 square miles. Population 1,400,0(0. Chi'lod, a cluster of island* kt the S. extremity of Chili. Chilnd, the largest, is 110 miles lor>g and 40 broad. The soil is fertile and the climate salubrious. Chimboia'zo.a celebrated moun. tain of Colombia, province of Qui- to, one of the loftiest of the Ande^, being 21,436 feet above the level of the sea. On 23d June 1802, Humboldt and Bonpland ascend, ed it to ihe heigh' of 19,2'- Gleet above the sea. The upper region is covered with |)erpetiial snow. Cochabam'ba, a town of Bolivia, capital of the province of the same name, in a fruitful valley. Pop, 30,000.— 17. 21 S. 67, 25 W. Colom'bia, foimerly the Spanish viceroyalty of New Granada and the Caraccas, is hounded N. by the Caribbean Sea; W. by Guatimala and the Pacific Ocean ; S. by Peru and Brazil ; and E. by British Gui- ana. It established its independ- ence in 1820, after a struggle of ten years, Lut has been more re- cently divided into the thiee re- publics of New Granada, Vene- zuela, and Ecuador; united, however, by a federal compact,— a forui of government framed upon that or the United States. Extent 1,100,000 s(5. miles. P. 2,8()(),000. Concep'tioii, s seaport of Cniii, on a fine bay, near the mouth of the Bioliio. Pop. 10,000.-36, 49 S. 73, 4 W. N 302 SOUTH AMERICA. Cioquim'bo, a seaport of Chili, capital of a province abounding in gold, silver, and copper. Pop. 12,000.-29, MS. 71, 19 W. Cordilleras, a name frequently applied to the chains of the Andes. See Remarks, p. 298. Corcio'va, a city of La Plata, ca- pital of a province ; with consider. able manufactures. Pop. 15,U00. —31,20 8. 62, 58W. Cotopax'i, a volcanic mountain of Colombia, 41 miles S. K. of Qui- to. It is a perfect cone, risiiiR 18,868 feet above the level of the sea,and is the most beautiful of the colossal heights of the Andes. Cuen'^a, a city of Colombia, ca- pitalof'aprovinceofthes.imename. Pop. 20,000.-2, 65 S. 79, 13 VV. Cuma'na, a seaport of Colombia, capital of the province of Cumana, on a gulf of the Caribbean Sea, noted for its commercial activity and enterprise. Pop. 10,000 — 10, 27 N. 64 9 W. Cuya'ba, a town of Brazil, pro- vince of Matto Grosso, on a river of the same name. Pop. 10 OOD. Cuz'co, a city of Peru, formerly the capital of the Incas, and held sacred by thePeruvians. It retains traces of its ancient splendour. Pop. 32,000. —13. 10 S. 71, t'O W. DA'KIEN, an extensive pulf of Colombia, on the coast of the isth- mus of Panama or Darion. Demera'ra, including Esse(]uibo, a district of Guiana, bounded on the W. by Colombia and on the E. by Berbice, extending nearly 200 miles along the coast. The soil is naturally very rich, produc- ing cotton, coffee, sugar, rum, and molasses. Extent 70,000 sq. miles. Pop. 80,000. Geor^^e Town, at the mouth of the river Demerara, Is the capital of the united colony. Population fiOOO. ECUADOR (Ekjuador'). See Colombia. Essequi'bo, a river of British Guiana, rises in the Parimt; Moun- t^tins, and flows through m.igni- ficent tropical forests. After a course of 400 miles, it falls mto the Atlantic by an estuary iO miles broad. FA7,K'LANn ISLANDS, a groijp in the Atlantic, to the E. of the Straits of Magellan, consisting of two large and a number of small islands. They are rocky, but abound with seals, and contain large and safe harbours. Fri'o, Cape, in Brazil, N. E. of Rio Janeiro.— 23, 1 8. 42, 3 W. GALAPA'GOS, a cluster of isl. ands in the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of Colombia, and immtdiate- ly under the equator. They abound with turtle, and also with cedar. Guam.in'pa or Huaman'ga, a handsome city of Peru, 180 miles S. E. of Lima; near it are mines of gold, silver, and mercury. Pop. 25.000. —13, 10 S. 74, 5 W. Guay'aquil, a flourishing com- mercial city and seaport of Colom- bia, the capital of the province of Guayaquil, situate at the head of theRulfof the same name. Pop. 22.000.-2, 11 S. 70, 58 W. Guia'na, a country on the N. E. coast, between the Orinoco and the Amazon ; bounded W. and S. by Colombia and Bnzil. It compre- hends the possessions of Demerara, Esscquibo, and Berbice, ceded in ISH to the British, in whose hands they have become flourishing co. lonies : the Dutch colony of Suri- nam ; and the French possession of C.iyenne. Extent 176,000 sq. miles. Pop. 187,000. HORN, Cape, a celebrated pro- montory on the S. coast of Terradel Fuego ; the most .southern point of America.— 5.'). 58 S. 67, 11 W. II.LIMA'NM. S.jeUemarks,p.-2JK, .lU'AN FEIINAN'DKZ, an isl- and in the Pacific Ocean, lying 110 leagues from the coast of Cbil;. Itis about 1 5 miles long by 5 broad, and is noted as the solitary residence of Alexander Selkirk upwards of four years,— an event upon which De- foe founded his ceh-tirated Advcii- ture^ of Robinson Crusoe. LA GUAV'llA, aseaportofCo. !ombia, about 12 miles from Ca- raccas, of which it is the port. Pop 4000 — 10.3s N. G7, 4 VV. La Paz, a city of Bolivia, capital of the province of the same name; near it are the mountams Uliinain and Strata, the loftiest of the .Mi- des. P.40,000.— 17, 20 S. 68, 52 W. La Pla'ta, a large territory, ex- tending nearly across the conti- nent from the Atlantic to t!ic A'l" des, bounded N. by Bolivia; VV. by Chili ; S. by Patagonia ; and E. bv theAtlantic, BandaOncntal.aud SOUTH AMERICA. 303 I'araguay. Having thrown off the Spanish yoke in ISIO, it has since assumed the name of the United Provinces of La Plata. Extent !J04,()()0 square miles. Population 700,000. La Fla'ta, or Chuquisa'ca, the capital of Bolivia, or Upper Peru, on the Cachimayo. Population 12.000.-1.9, 15 S.6(), 40 W. L:itacun'ga,a town of Colombia, near the lofty volcanic mountain of C'otopaxi. It was almoi>t de- stroyed by an earthquake in 1098. Pop. 17,000.-0, 50 S. 7H, 15 VV. Le Maire, Straits of, a channel or passage between Statcn Island and Terra del Fuego, discovered in 1616 l)y the Dutch navigators Sehoutcn and Le Maire, who pass- ed through it, and round Cape Horn into the Pacific Ocean. Li'ma, tl.e capital of Peru, situ- ate on the Rimac, was founded by IMzarro in 1535. Its numerous churches and convents, before the late revolution, were extremely rich. Lima is the seat of a uni'- versity, and has very considerable commerce. Pop. 70,000.-12, 2 S. 77, 7 W. MADEPRA, the principal tribu- tary of the great river Amazon, rises in Bolivia to the N. of Po- tosi, separates Peru from Brazil, and jouig the Amazon after a course of IbOO miles. Magdale'na, a river of Colombia, has its source in the Andes to the S. of Popayan, flows northward, and after a course of 820 miles falls into the Caribbean Sea by several )nouths. Magei'lan, Straits of, a passage from the Atlantic to the Pacitic Ocean, between the continent and the island of Terra del Fuego, up. wards of 300 miles in len^tli ; but owing to its being winding, and dif- ficult, navigators now sail throu»>h the Straits of Le Maire, or outside of Staten Land, and round Caue Horn. ^ \laracai'bo, a city of Colombia, capital of tlie province of Maracai- 1)0, situate on tlieoutlet of the lake of the same name, with a con- siderable trade. Pop. 20,000. Maracai'bo. a lake of Colornhia about 120 miles long and 90 broad, which communicates by a strait ^^itli the Gulf of Maracaibo. Mar'anhani, or San Lu'is, a city and seaport of Brazil, capital of a province, i.s situate on an island of the game name. It carries on a great trade in cotton and rice. Population 28,000.-2, 30 S. 44, IG W. Margari'ta, an island of Colom- bia, in the Caribbean Sea, near the coast of Venezuela. Pop. 12,000. Assump'tion is the capital. Matt'o Gross'o, formerly Vill'a Bell'a, a town of Brazil, capital of the province of Matto Grosso. Po- pulation GOOO.— 15, S. 60, 50 W. Mendo'za, a city of La Plata, ca- pital of a province, situate in a plain at the foot of the Andes. Pop. 8000.— a2, 5+ S.()8, oO W. Mer'ida, a city of Colombia, near- ly de!,troyed by the great earth- quake which, in 1812, overwhelm, ed tlie city of Ciraccas, 320 miles to the N. E. It stands in a rich vale, surrounded by mountains. Pop. 5000.-8, 12 N. 71. 5 W. Mon't6 Vid'eo, the capital of Banda Oriental, on the La Plata, about CO miles from the raoiUh of that river, fortified and surro mded by a strong wall. It exports large quantities of hides. Population 10,000.-34, 54 S. 56, 13 W. NEW GRAN'ADA. Bee Co- lombia. New South Shet'Iand, a cluster of considerable islands, situate in C3«» S. lat., to the south of Cape Horn ; they are bleak, cold, and uninhabited, but abound in sea-elephants and seals. To the east is a smaller group of the same description, called the New South Orkneys. ORINO'CO. See Remarks, p. 298. Otav'alo, a town of Colombia, 30 miles north of Quito, with se- veral manufactures. Population 15,000. PANAMA'.orDa'rien, Isthmus of, a narrow neck of h nd, in the N.W. of Colombia, washed by the Atlantic and Pacific Oee.ms, and uniting North and South America. It extends 360 miles in the form of a crescent round the Bay of Pa- nama on the S., and, in the nar- i;o\v>t I'arti is not more than 30 miles broad. Panama', a city and seaport of Colombia, on the bay of the same 3d4 SOUTH AMERICA. nunc foil. 10,000.— 8« 59 N. 79. all W. Pa'ra, • city of Brazil, capital of the province of the same iiiime, situate on the estuarv ui' the Fara, at the mouth of the buama. The chief exports are cotton, cocoa, rice, and drugs. Pop. formerly 2<»,000, but reduced since 1834 to 6000.-1, 28 S. 48, 30 W. I'a'ra, a river of Brazil, formed by the union of the Tocantin and the Arapuay; after a northerly course of 15U() miles it (alls into the Atlantic, to the south of the Amazon. Har'aguav, a country or province to the S. W. of Brazil, Letween the rivers Parana and Paraguay, is de8|>oticaily ruled by a person nameii Dr Francia, who has pro- hibited all intercourse with the neighbouring states. It abounds in the valuable herb called mati^ or Paraguay tea. Extent 90,000 square miles. Pop. 250,000. Par'aguay, River, rises in Brazil, and, flowing southward 1200 miles, forms the boundary of Bolivia, and also of La Plata to its junction with the Parana. Parai'ba, a seaport of Brazil, ca- pital of the province of the same name, near the mouth of the Pa- raiba. P. 6000.— 7, 6 S. 34, 53 W. Para'na, River, has its source in the mountains of Brazil, to the ■west of Rio Janeiro ; flowing s. W. It receives the Paraguay, and at Buenos Ayres unites with the TTruguay to form the River Plata. Pa'ria, Gulf of, a large bay be- tween the coast of Colombia and the island of Trinidad, the en- trance to which is called the Dra- gon's Mouth, on account of the ad- verse currents encountered here when the island and continent wcie discovered by Columbus in 1498. Pai'imd Mountains, parallel chains, in the south of Colombia, about 600 miles in length. Patago'uia, a country in the southern part of the continent, bounded N. by 1^ Plata and Chili, and extending to the Straits of Magellan. The natives of this mountainous and ba;rcn country are uil, stout, and well made, isssny of then: between 5 and 7 leei in height. Extent 340,000 square mitei. Pop. 500,000. Pantos, a laitf or lagoon iu tiie south of Brazil, which communi- cates with that of Mirim, and, by the Rio Grande, with the Atlantic. Pemambu'co, a seaport of Brazil, capital of a province of the same name, ranks as the third city in the empire : it comprises 4 towns, — Ollnda, Recild, San Antonio.and Boa Vista, and carries on an ex- tensive commerce in cotton, hides, and suL'ar. Pop. 60,C00 —8, 3 S. 34, 52 VV. Peru', acountry extendlngalong the western coast, is boundrd N. by Uriizil and Colombia; W. by the Pacific Ocean; S. by Chili and la Plata ; and K. by Brazil. Har- ing estalilished its independence in 1825, It was diviiied into the two repuljlics of Upper and Lower Peru. The former has lately re. ceircd the name of Bolivia from Bolivar, who effect cd its liberation. Extent of Peru, 494,00i) ; of BolU via, 400,000 square miles. Pop. of Peru, 17,00,000; of Bolivta 1,300.000. I'ichin'cha, a volcanic mountain of Colombia, near the city of Quito. It is 15,924 feet high, and was twice ascendeil to the mouth of the crater by Humboldt. Popay'an, a handsome city of Colombia, beautifully situate on the river Cauca, in the vicinity of gold-mines. Pop. 7000. Portale'gre, a town of Brazil, capital of the southern province of Uio Grande, situate at the head of Lake Patos. Pop. 13,000.-29, 56 S.6I,20W. Por'io Bel'io.a seaport of Colom- bia, on the N. coast of Panama. It has a fine port, but is very un- healthy — 9, 33 N. 79, 35 W. Poto'si, a city of Bolivia, or Up- per Peru, capital of a province of the same name, is probably the most elevated citv in the world, be- ing situate I3,3.')0 feet above the sea, on the side of a celebrated co- nical mountain which contains the richest silver mines in the world. Pon. 9000.-19, 35 S. 67, 40 W, Pu'no, a town of Peiu, capital of a district rich in mines of silver, on the western side of Lake Titi' caca. Pop. 16,000.— 16, 26 S. 70. 25 W. QUITO (Kee'to), a city of Co- lombia, the capital of Ecuador, SOUTH AMERICA. 305 situate at the base of the volcanic mountain Pichincha, 95li} feet above the sea. The climate is that of perpetual spring, but its situation renders it particularly ex- Sioscd to trememlous earthquakes, 'op. 70,000.— 0, 14 S. 78, 45 W. RIOBAM'BA, a town of Colom- bia, province of Quito : near it are mines of gold and silver. Pop. 20,000.— 1,40 S. 78, 48 W. Ri'i) de la Pla'ta. See Remarks, p. 298. Ri'o Grande, or San Pe'dro, a sea- port of Urazil, in the y. province of Kio Grande, at the outlet of Lake Patos, a place of considerable trade. -m, S. 52, .-50 w. Ri'o Janeiro, or St Sebas'tian, the capital of Brazil, ranks as the largest and most flourishing city of South America. It is beauti- fully situate 1 a noble bay studded with upwards of 100 islands, and has one of the linest harbours in the world, which is defended by a citai'.el and several torts. Of its public bui';lings, the churches are very splendid. The principal ex- ports are sugar, coif'ee, cotton, liide<, drugs, cabinet and dye woods, gold, diamonds, and pre- cious stones. The trade of Rio is chiefly io the hands of the British. Pop. 140,000— v!2, 61 S. 15, 15 VV. Ri'o Mendo'za, or Colora'do, a river of La Plata, rises in the Cor- dilleras, east of Cotjuirnbo, runs across the Pampas, and, after a course of above 1000 miles, falls into the Atlantic. lli'oNe'gro,a river of Brazil, has its source m the mountains on the S. frontier of Colombia, and joins the Amazon, after a course of 1150 miles. See Remarks, p. I'Oy. ST ANTO'NIO, a cai)e of La Plata, at the S. entrance of the Rio di- la Plata.— .'(i, 40 S. :3G, 45 W. St Mari'a, a cape of Banda Ori- ental, to the E. of Monte Video.— 34,40 8.54,25 W. .St Roqjic, a very prominent cape on the coast of Brazil.— 5, 28 S. 35, 17 W. St Sal'vador. Sc?e Hahia. ■"'i F- ancis'eo, a river of Brazil, whu , uses in the sou 111 of tliepro- viiif*!'" nf viu. ,o <^i«....„o ™.,,J ..i»a_ ~ Circuitous course N. and E. of L!75 miles, falls into the Atlantic. San Ju'an de la Fron'tera, a town of La Plata, at the foot of the An- des ; near it arc gold mines. Pop, 16,000.-31, 20 S. 68, 36 W. San Pau'io, a city of Brazil, ca- pital of the province of the same name. Pop. 18,000.-23, 35 S. 46, 10 VV. San'ca Cruz de la Sier'ra, a city of Bolivia, capital of the province of the same name, in an extensive plain. Pop. youO. San'ta Fd, a town of La Plata, on the Parana, with considerable trade. Pop. 6000. San'ta Fe. See Bogota. Santia'yo, the opiul of Chili, situate on the Mapocha, in a rich- ly wooded plain, 55 miles S. E. of Valparaiso, its port. Pop. 35,000. 33, 26 S. 70, 41 W. Socoi'ro, a town of Colombia, capital of a province, on a tributary of the Magdalena. Pop. 12,000. 6, o{) N. 75, 40 W. Sura'ta. See Remarks, p. 298. South Geor'gia, an island in the Atlantic, situate to the east of the Falkland Islands, about 90 miles long and 50 broad; it abounds with bays and harbours, which, however, are rendered inaccessible during tlie greater part of the year, from vast quantities of ice. Sta'ten, a barren rocky island off the S. E. coast of Terra del Fuego, from which it is separated by the Straits of Le Maire. Surinam', a district of Guiana belonging to the Dutch, lies be- tween British and French Guiana, and is traversed by several rivers. Extent 38,000 square miles. Po- l)ulation 60,000. Paruma'ribo, the capital, is situate on the river Su- rinam, 16 miles from its mouth. Pop. 18,000. TER'KA DEL FU'EGO,alarge island, or, more properly, a group, separated from the southern extre. mity ot the continent by the Straits of Magellan. It consists almost wholly of rocks and mountains, many of whose summits are cover- ed with perpetual snow. Titica'ca, the sacred lake of the Peruvians, is situate in Bolivia, at an elevation of fourteen thousand feet above the sea, and enclosed by des. It is 150 miles in length, and receives the waters of numerous streams, IjiU its only outlet is the 306 I'EBRESTRIAL GLOBE. Dtuguadno, br which it commu- nicatea with Lake Paria. TruxiKlo, a city and seaport of Peru, on the PaciAc, founded by Fiiarro in \M3. 1*00. 12,U0t).— 8, fi S. 79, 3 W. Tu'cuman, or St MicA'ael, a city of La Plata, capital of the province of the same name, situate on the Dulce, in a fruitful valley. Pop. lO.OOt).— 26, 30 S. 64, 3) W. VaLDI'VIA, a city and seaport of Chili, with a capacious harbour, and defended by several forts and batteries. Pop. 5000.— 39, 53 S. 73, 33 W. Valen'cia, a city of Colombia, in a fc'rtile plain, near the beautiful l.ake laoarigua. Pop. 15,000.— 10, 10 N. 68, 25 W. Valparai'ijo, the principal seaport of Chili, situate on a bay of tlic ]*aciflc. It carries on a very ex- tensive foreign trade: that with Britain alone amounti to abore £ 1 ,000,000 a-y ear. Pop. &0,dOa-^ 33.2s. 71,40 W. Venezue'ia. See Colombia. Victo^na, a 8eni>ort of Bratil, ca- pital of tiie province of Espirito Sanco, situate on an island in the fine bav of that name. Popula. tion 5000. Vil'la iti'ca, a flourishing town of Brazil, capital of Minas Geraes, the richest province of the empire in mines of gold and diamondi. I'op. 9000.— A town of Paraguay. I'op. 101)0. Vil'la Vico'za, a town of Brazil, on the Tocanlin or Para, which Is here 10 miles broad, and has many islands. Population 1^,000. —2,20 S.49, 15 W. XARAV'ES, a lake of Brazil, formed by the waters ot the Para- guay, which, in the rainy season, spread over a vast extent of ground. TERRESTRIAL GLOBE. The artificial terrestrial globe is a representation of the figure of the earth, on which are delineated the different kingdoms, seas, lakes, islands, &c., with those circles which are necessary for determining the posi- tion of places on its surface, and for several other pur- poses. The globe, suspended on an axis, revolves in a brass ring, which is called the Universal or Brass Meridian, and supported on a wooden frame, the upper surface of which is flat. It divides the globe into two hemi- spheres, and represents the rational horizon of any place which lies in the zenith. The axis, on which the globe turns, represents the imaginary axis or line round which the earth performs its diurnal revolution. At the north pole is placed a small brass circle di- vided into 24 equal parts to represent the hours of the day; and it is therefore called the Horary or Hour Circle. On the best globes the horarv circle is move- able, so that any hour may be brought to the meridian^ which serves as an index ; but on others it is fixed^ TEBRE8TBIAL OLOBii. 307 and has a moveable index, ivhich may be brought to any hour. The globe is furnished with a pliable slip of brass, divided from 0° to OO" in one direction, and from 0" to lb** in the other. It has a notch and screw, by which it may be fixed to the universal meridian in the zenith of any place, and as it turns round on a pivot, it supplies the place of vertical circles, and is therefore called the Quadrant of Altitude. On the globe itself are drawn several circles, such as the Equator or Equinoctial Line, the Ecliptic, the Arctic and Antarctic Circles, the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, as well as parallels of latitude at equal distances, and meridians generally at the distance of 15 degrees from each other. The brass meridian is divided into degrees and parts of a degree, and is numbered on the upper half from 0** at the equator both ways to 90° at the poles; and on the under half from 0° at each pole to 90"* at the equator. The equator is divided into degrees and parts, which are numbered both eastward and westward from the first meridian. It is also divided into 24 equal parts, to represent the hours of the day. The equator di- vides the globe into two equal parts, called the northern and southern hemispheres. The horizon is divided into degrees, &c., and num- bered from 0° at the poles both ways to 90° on the cast and west points, and also from 0°at these points to90'' at the poles. Besides these divisions, the 32 points of the compass, the 12 signs of the ecliptic subdivided into degrees, Cfec, and the days of the 12 calendar months, answering to each degree of the sun's place in the ecUptic, are likewise marked. The ecliptic is divided into 12 equal parts, called Signs, and each sign is subilivided into 30 degrees. The names of the signs and the characters which re- present them are ; — Aries, the Ram ff ; Taurus, the Bull ^ ; Gemini, the Twins n : Cancer, the Crab So ; Leo, the Lion £i ; Virgo, the Virgin TTf ; Libra, the Balance ;Qz ; Scorpio, the Scorpion m » Sagitta- 308 PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY rius, the Archer / ; Capricornus, the Goail^ ; Aqua- rius, the Water-bearer ;::: ; Pisces, the Fishes K • The first six si{^ns lie in the Northern hemisphere, and are called the Northern Signs ; the last six lie in the south- em hemisphere, and are called the Southern Signs. The ascending signs begin at 0" Capricorn, the most southerly point of the ecliptic, and end at 30** Gemmi, the most northerly ; the other six are called the de- scending signs. PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE TERRESTRIAL GLOBE. Problem h-^To find the latitude of a place. RuLK.— Bring the place to the graduated edge of the brass meridian ; the degree of the meridian over it, north or south from the equator, shows the north or south latitude of the place. ExERCisES.—What is tht latitude of Londoti, Paris, Madrid, Home, Lisbon, Edinburgh, Dubliti, Vienna, Con- stantinople ?_Ans. M° 'M ;-4H^ T.O' ;-40; iV ;--41 54 ;- 3»° 42' ;-5o^ r,7' ;-5:r 23' ;-4lJ° 12' ;-4l° 0', all north. Wlmt is the laiiiude of the Cape of (iood Hope, Candy, Bombav, Madras, Calcutta, Pckin, Sydney, Valparaiso, Lima, Santa Fe de Bogota, Rio Janeiro, Buenos Ayres, Cape Horn, Sierra Leone, Gondar, and Cairo. Prob. U.— To find the longitude of a place. Rule.— Bring the place to the edge of the meridian; the degree of the equator cut by it shows the longitude of the place, east or west from Greenwich, the first meridian on all British maps. Ex M'hat is the longitude of Petersburg, Calcutta, Naples, Pekin ?-Ans. 30° 18' E. ;_«8° 20' E. ;-.14° lo' h. ; —and 116° 28' E. ^, „ , ^ What is the longitude of Cairo, Cape Town, St Helena, Ummerapoora, Mexico, Rio Janeiro, Kingston in Jamaica, Sikokf, Juan Fernandez, Quebec, Lima, V^alparaiso, Con- stantinople, Panama, and Jerusalem. Prob. IIL— jP/jc longitude and latitude of a place heimj given, to find that place. Rui.K.— Bring the given longitude to the meridian THB TBRR£8TRIAL OLOBK. 309 then under the given degree of latitude o^ the meri- dian is the place required* Ex — What places are situate in 31" 15' E. liong. and 30* ^ N. Lat. ? in 18" 2B' E. Lonp. and 34" 22' 8. Lat. ? in 59" 46' W. Long, and 13° 15' N. Lat. ?— Ans. Cairo, Cape of Good Hope, Barbadoes. What places are situate in 44" 28' E. Long, and 50" 19' N. Lat. ? in 67° 35' W. Lonp. and 25° 15' S. Lat. ? in 27" 15' VV. Long, and 38° 40' N. Lat. ? in 57° 20' E. Long, and 20" 9' S. La'. ? in T 42' >V. Long, and 40° 25' N. Lat. ? in 113° 34' E. Long, and 22° 12' N. Lat. ? in 151° 13' E. Long, and 33° 51' S. Lat. ? in 82° 22' W. Long, and 23" 9' N. Lat. ? and in 149° 30' W. Long, and 17° 29' S. Lat. ? Prob. IV. — To find the distance between any two places on the globe. Rule — Lay the quadrant of altitude over the two places, and mark the number of degrees between them*. Ex — What is the distance between Quebec and Rio Ja- neiro ? Rome and London ? Calcutta and the Cape of Good Hope? The Cape of Oood Hope and London ?— Ans. 74^ or 6115 miles;— 12|*' or 881 miles ;—88i" or 6110 miles; -and 88^° or 61 10 miles. What ij* the distance between Pekin and London ? Peters- burg and the North Cape in Kamtschatka ? Paris and Cairo ? Calcutta and Valparaiso? Buenos Ayres and Cape Town, measured east and west? Edinburgh and New York ? Am- sterdam and Batavia ? Copenhagen and Trincomalee ? Lon- don and Sierra Leone ? Alexandria and the Cape of Good Hope ? Cape Mogadore and Suez ? PnoB. V. — The hour at any place being given, to Und what hour it is at any other place. Rule. — Bring the place at which the hour is given to the meridian, set the index to that hour, then turn the globe until the other place comes to the meridian, and the index will show the hour at that place. -f- Ex. — When it is noon at Edinburgh, what is the time at Lima, Mecca, and Canton ? M^hen it is 6 o'clock a. m. at London, what o'clock is it at Sydney, Cape Comorin, and * When the distance is more than 90», stretch a thread from the one place to the other, and measure the distance on the Enijator: t If the place wiiere the hour is required be to the cast of that of which the hour is given, then the hour will be later in the day, otherwise it will be earlier. 310 PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY Cape Horn ?— Ans. 7h. 5' M. ;— 2h. 55' A. ;— 7h. 46' A. ;— 4h. 6' A. ;— llh. 11' M. ;— and Ih. 31' M. When it is noon and 4 o'clock at London, what is the time at Pekin, Calcutta, Cairo, Constantinople, Quebec, Mexico, Rio Janeiro, and Ispahan ? When it is fi^, p.m. and midnight at Jerusalem, what is the time at London, Peters- burg, Paris, Berlin, the Azores, 8t Helena, the Mauritius, Penang or Prince of Wales Island, Nankin, Sydney, and Nootka Sound ? Vrob. VL — To rectify the glohc for the latitude of any place. Rule. — Elevate the north or south pole above the horizon as many degrees as are equal isj the latitude of the place. Kx. — Rectify the globe for Edinburgh, London, Paris, Lisbon, Buenos Ayves, Madras, Ptkin Ans. Elevate the N. Pole 55° 57',— 51° 30',— 48° 50',— 3»° 42' ;— the S. Pole 34° 3fi' ;— the N. Pole 13° 4', and 39° 54' above the horizon. Rectify the globe for Melville Island, Petersburg, Cairo, Cape Town, Valdivia, Mecca, Ispahan, Tobolsk, Delhi, Syd- ney, Sagalien Oula Hotim, Bencoolen, Sierra Leone, Para- matta, and Berlin. Prob. VIL — To find the sun* 8 place in the ecliptic for any given time* Rule. — Find the day of the month on the wooden horizon, and opposite to it, in the adjoining circle, are the sign and degree of the ecliptic in which the sun is lor that day : tind the same sine and degree of the ecliptic on the globe^ and that is the sun's place in the ecliptic* Ex. — What is the sun's place on the' 1st January, the 20th March, the 24th December, the 21st June, and the 23d Sep- tember?— Ans. y% 10M5';— K 29° 30';— 1^ 2° 15';— ^ 29°30';— andTTP30°. What is the sun's place on the 1st and 15th day of each month of the year ? Prob. VIII._7b find at what hour the sun rises and sets, and the length of the day and night at any placf not in the frigid zones, at a given time. Rule. — Rectify the globe tor the latitude of the * This problem may likewise be performed on the celestial globe. THE TERRESTRIAL GLOBE. 311 place, find the sun's place in the ecliptic for the given day, and bring it to the meridian ; set the index to xiL, and turn the sun's place to the eastern edge of the horizon, — the index will show the hour of rising; then bring it to the western edge of the horizon, and the index will show the time of setting. The hour of sunrise, doubled, gives the length of the night ; and the hour of sunset, doubled, gives the length of the day.* Ex.— At what time docs the sun rise and set at Dublin Archangel, Gibraltar, and the Cape of Good Hope, on the Ifith June ? And what is the length of the day and night at those plares ?— Ans. Kises 3h. :^5' AI., sets 8h. 25' A. ;--rises Ih. 40' M., sets lOh. 20' A. ;— rises 4h. 45' M., sets 7h. l.V A. ;— rises 7h. 5' M., sets 4h. 55' A. At what time does the sun rise and set at Cairo, St Helena, Bombay, Port Jackson, Cape Horn, Quebec, IMexico, and Pekm, respectively, on the 22d June, lOth September, 22d December, and 1st May ? At what time does the sun rise and set at Constantinople, Ispahan, Calcutta, Canton, Lima, Valparaiso, Sierra Leone, Madeira, Paris, liondon, Edinburgh and Orkney, on the 1st and 15th of each month, from 1st June to 1st January ? Prob. IX. — To find on what point of the compass the sun rises and sets, on a given day, at any particular place. Rule.— Rectify the globe for the latitude '^f the place, and find the sun's place for the particular day ; then observe what place in the circle of rhumbs, on the wooden horizon, is cut by the sun's place in the ecliptic when brought to the eastern edge of the horizon, and also when brought to the western, and that will be the point required. Ex — At what points of the compass does the sun rise and set at Gibraltar on the 17th July, at Petersburg on the 10th Uctober, and at Edinburgh on the Oth June >— Ans. Rises E. 26i^ N., sets W. 26r N. ;— rises E. 124° S.,sets W. 12]^ fe. ;— rises N. E., sets N. W. hn o T^f ^' ^^^^^ *"" "'^ «* ^» *he length of the night is 12 hours : if ne set at 9, the length of the day is 18 hours. Places on the equator thr^ «"">"»seat 6, and sunset at 6; and, of course, day and night equal w fh .1 , * ^^^ ^'*°'*^ y^**"- '^^^ '^en%\h of the longest day increases wiin tne latitude : and at the nolar circli?.* t h#> loncrp^r Aav i« 94 hnnra .'■•u ine longest night the same. From these circles to the poles, "the "ays continue to lengthen into weeks and mouths: at the poles, the »un IS visible for six months*, and invisible during the other six. 312 PROBLEMS TO BK SOLVED BY At what points of the compass floes ths sun rise and set at Edinburgh, Archangel, Smyrna, Cairo, Cape lown, Calcut- ta, Pekin, Sydney, Monte Video, and Mecca, on the Ist and 15th of each month, from 1st June to 1st January t Pros. X.— TAe day of the month being given , to find the suns declination* and the places to which he is vertical* Rule.— The sun's place in the ecliptic for the given day being brought to the meridian, the degree mark- ed over it is the declination : turn the globe, and all the places which pass under that degree will have the sun vertical on that day. Ex —What is the sun's declination, and to what places will Ve be vertical on the 7th of May, the 10th of February, the ith June, and the 14th December r—Ans. Sun's decimation \{]i^ N. ;— 14i° S. ;— 22^" N. ;— and 2^° S. What 'is the sun's declination, and to what places will he be vertical on the 1st and 15ih of each month, from 1st De- cember to 1st July ? Prob. XI. — To find where the sun is vertical at a given place and hour. Rule.— Find the sun's declination ; bring the given place to the meridian, and set the index to the given hour ; turn the globe till the index points to xn. noon ; all the places then under the meridian have noon at the given hour ; and the place whose latitude corre- sponds with the sun's declination has the sun vertical at the given hour. Ex Where is the sun vertical on the 8th of April, when it is 6 in the morning at Dublin ? Where is the sun vertical on the 19th September, when it is 4 o'clock in the morning at Amsterdam h— Ans. Candy, in Ceylon ;— island of Ter- Where is the sun vertical on the Ist and 1 5th of each monjh, from 1st December to 1st July, when it is 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, A.^i., and 2, 4. (I, 8, and 10, p.m. at Kdinbureh, London, Paris, Home, Cairo, Calcutia, Pekin, Lima, Mexico, and Quebec lespeciivdy ? Piit)B. XII.— T/i« day, hour, and place being given, i(> • The dedination of the »un is its dlsUnce from the equator, nr Jiouth. novtti THE TERRESTRIAL GLOBE. 313 Jind where the sun is then rising and setting, where it is noon or midnight. RuLE.—Rectify the globe for the latitude of the place to which the sun is vertical at the given hour, and bring that place to the meridian. In this position of the globe, the sun is rising to all those places on the western edge of the horizon, and setting to those on the eastern ; to those under the upper half of the meridian it is noon or mid-day ; to those under the lower half, midnight. Ex — To what j)laces is the sun rising, to what places is he setting, and where is it noon and midnight, when at Edinburgh it is 7 in the morning, on the 14th of March ? Where is it noon on the 30th June, when at London it is 9 in the evening ? Where is it midnight on the 6th February, when it is noon at Petersburg ?— Ans. Rising to the Madeira and Car ry Isles and on the equator at 1}]^° W. Long. ; setting to Kamt- schatka, Solomon Archipelago, New Caledonia ; New Zea- land ; and on the Equator at 161.^ E. Long.; noon at To- bolsk, Cashgar, Attock, and Kefguelen's Land; midnight at Lake Athabasca, Los Alamos, Isles of Revillagigedo, and Easter Island — At King George's Island, N. W. coast of America, and Lord Hood's Island, in the South Sea At Cook's Inlet, N. W. coast of America, Walker's Isles, and Otaheite. To what places is the sun rising, to what places is he set- ting, and where is it noon and midnight, on the 2Ist June, 23d September, 21st December, and 20th March, when it is fiand 10 A.M., and Oand 10, p.m., at Edinburgh. Paris, Lon- don, Rome, Constantinople, Cairo, Bombay, Calcutta, Syd- ney, Pekin, Lima, Mexico, and Quebec, respectively ? Prob. XIII. — A place in the torrid zone being given, to find on what two days of the year the sun will be vertical there. Rule. — Find the latitude of the place, turn the globe, and observe the two points of the ecliptic that pass under the degree of latitude : opposite to these points, on the wooden horizon, will be found the days required. Ex — On what days is the sun vertical at Madras, St He- lena- Cane Comorini liima^ Cane. Verde ?==Ans. At^ril 2-'5th and A\jgust 18th ;— February 5tn and November 6th ;— April 11th and September 2d;— February 17th and October 25th; —April 30tn and August 13th, o 314 PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY On what days is the sun vertical at Santa Fe de Bogota, Cnzco, JVIexico, Porto Bello, Port au Prince, Kingston in Jamaica, Paramaribo, Pernambuco, Bahia, Truxillo, Cape Verde, Sierra Leone, Fernando Po, Timbuctoo, Sackatoo, Coomassie, Mecca, Mocha, Candy, Seringapatam, Bankok, Batavia, Manilla, and Surinam ? Prob. XIV. — To find the suns meridian altitude at any given place, on a given day. Rule- — Rectify the globe for the latitude of the place ; bring the sun's place for the given day to the raeridian ; the number of degrees between that place and the horizon shows the altitude required. Ex. — What is the meridian altitude of the sun at London on the 1 1th January, at Constantinople on the bih November, at Pekin on the 4th July ?— Ans. 16^";— 32^°;— and 73^ What is the sun's meridian altitude on the 1st and I5th of each month, from 1st June to 1st January, at Edinburgh, London, Dublin, Paris, Batavia, Sydney, Quebec, Sierra Leone, Mi'xico, Bankok, Mocha, Ispahan, Jerusalem, and the Mauritius respectively ? Prob. XV. — To find the altitude of the sun at any given place and hour. Rule. — Rectify the globe for the latitude; bring the sun*s place to the meridian, and set the index to XII. noon ; turn the globe till the index points to the given hour, then tix the quadrant of altitude in the zenith, and lay it over the sun's place ; the degree on the quadrant over the sun's place will show the al- titude. Ex What is the altitude of the sun at Berlin on the 12th August, at noon ? at Cadiz on the 3d October, at 1 o'clock, afternoon? at Hamburg on the 17th March, at 10 o'clock, forenoon ?— Ans. i^}^ ;— 47** ;— and 30". What is the altitude of the sun on the 1st and I5th of each month, from 1st December to 1st July, when it is 9 and 10, A.M., and 1 and 2^, p.m., at Edinburgh, Petersburg, Paris, Lisbon, Madrid, Vienna, Buda, Naples, Malta, Algiers, ( 'ape Town, Sydney, Pi'kin, Quebec, New York, Arequipa, Monte Video, Santiago, and JcsbO lebpectively ? Pbob. XVL — To find at what hours the sun is due east find due v^est, on any day at a given placm Rule. — Rectify the globe for the latitude oi thr THE TERRESTRIAL GLOBE. 315 place, bnng the sun s place in the ecliptic for the given day to the meridian, and set the index to xii. : fix the quadrant of altitude on the brass meridian over the la- titude of the place, and bring the other end of it to the L. point of the horizon ; keep the quadrant in this posi- tion, and turn the globe till the sun's place comes to the graduated edge of the quadrant ; thj hours passed over by the index show the time from noon when the sun is due east or west." r^^\'~l' "^^^u ^i'^"''^'^*'^^ s"" due east and due west at pi;in";ft ""^ '^' ^'' ""l ^J.^y • ^' ^hat hours is the sun due east and due west at the Cape of Good Hope on the 1st of a^T W P m"'' ?"' ''''' "'o?- ^«'' ^' '^- ^"d due west hni' ""ifnirr '' *,^^ 'r ^"J^^^"* ^"^ d"e west at Peters- burg, Stockholm, London, Dublin, Glasgow, Paris, and AnT^ltT "' '"^ ^'''^ °* "^P"^' May,''Juie, Jul^, and Prob XVU.-To^find the latitude of a place from the sun s meridian altitude on a given day. Rule.— Bring the sun's place in the ecliptic for the given day to the upper part of the brass meridian, and count the number of degrees of altitude from it, to- wards the north or south points of the horizon (accord. ing as the sun was north or south of the place of ob- servation).t and mark at ^vhat degree it ends, then bring this degree to the north or south point of the ho- ™latUud ^^^''''^'°" ""^ ^^^ contrary pole will show £x.— On the 1st of May 1835, the sun's meridian alfifn,!.. was observed to be at different phces, 22° 3?M0« and 66^^ he sun being north of the observer, what was the latitude of the places of observation ? Ans. 5;}^^-43";_3^,° .!-an7lQ«S serveV f ^'^ «^ A,"^»«^' ^he sun's meridi;7;itit\^rwal^ob: served at several places to be 15°, 25°, 32° 49° • the R.m \Z m to the south o/^the observer, and also 12°, 21°,' 37°! 43» and i^ti.U^:fXs'e^;:;L^^'^"^^^^^^ ^^^ ^-^^'^^^ th*elf.nl^!?l!!"J!l*"At^'^''^<^"»«t^on are both north or both iouth: 315 PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY Vrob.XVUL—To find all the places to which an eclipte of the sun or of the moon tvill be visible at any tn- stant. Rule.— Rectify the globe for the latitude of the place to which the sun is vertical at the given instant, and bring it to the meridian. The eclipse, if ot the sun, will be visible to all those places which are above the horizon ; and, if of the moon, to all those places which are under the horizon. Ex There was a total eclipse of the moon at Greenwich on the 2d September 1830 at 11 o'clock, evening ; to what places was it then visible ? There was an eclipse of the moon, on the 2d February 1831, at Greenwich, partly visible at about 5 o'clock in the evening' ; to what places was it then visible ."- Ans. The line of visibility stretches from the Gult ot the 7- Islands at the mouth of the Venisei, in Siberia, to Java Heail, cutting the equator in 105° E. longitude, and on the W. trom Discovery Island, in Davis' Straits, to Lima in Peru, cutting the equator in 75° W. longitude —The line of visibihty stretches from Iceland to Bathurst, in the S. L. of Cape to- lony, cutting the equator in 15° E. long. ; from Icelanu, in a direct line, to Cape Fairweather, on the N. W. coast ot Arrie. rica, and thence to the island of New Zealand, cutting the equator in 166° W. long. , « ,. t The moon was eclipsed at Greenwich on the bth January 1833 at 8 o'clock, a. m. ; to what places was the eclipse then \isible? The moon was eclipsed at Greenwich on 1st July 1JJ33 at midnight ; to what places was the eclipse then visible ? The sun was eclipsed at Greenwich, July lytn, 1833, at 6 o'clock, a. m. ; to what places was it then visible r The moon was eclipsed at Greenwich, December ibth, 1833, at Dh. 30', p. m. ; to what places was it then yjsible.^ The moon was eclipsed at Paris, December Ibth, 18d4, at 5 o'clock, A. M. ; to what places was it then visible ? Prob. XIX.— Any place in the north frigid zone be- ing given, to find how long the sun shines there with- out setting, and how long he is totally absent. Rule.— Subtract the latitude of the place from 90°; the remainder is the sun's declination Tl.when the long- est day begins and ends, or his declination S. when the longest night begins and ends. Observe what degree in the ecliptic on each side of 30° n , and on each side of 80' / , agrees with the declinations, and find the days corresponding to them on the horizon. The day* ... .^. THE TERHESTBIAL GLOBE. 31? answering to the sun's place west of 30" n, and west of SO" f , will be, the former the commencement of the longest day, and the latter that of the longest night ; and the days agreeing with the sun's place east of 30* n, and east of 30" J^ , will give, the former the end of the longest day, and the latter the end of the longest night. Ex — What is the length of the longest day and night at the North Cape in Lapland, the southern point of Spitzbergen,and the northern point of Nova Zeuibla ? Captain Parry wintered on Melville Island, in 75° N. Lat. How loni; was he involved in darkness ?— Ans. Longest day begins I5th May, ends July 29Lh: longest night begins November 17th, ends January 26th ;— longest day begins April 2oih, ends August 19, h; longest night begins October 28ih, ends February 14th ;— - same as last question :— from November 3J to February IJth. What is the length of the longest day and longest night at Fury and Hecla Strait, Fair Foreland in 8pitzbergen, Cape Munster in Nova Zembla, North -east Cape in Siberia, ley Cape, Croker Bay, Port Bowen, and at Discovery Island. Prob. XX. — To find the antceci* of a place. Rule. — Find the latitude of the place given ; at the corresponding latitude on the opposite side of the equa- tor of the same meridian are the antoeci. Ex.— Who are the antceci of the people of Barca,— at Que- bec—at Oporto ? — Ans. Cape Colony ;— the Patagonians ; Gou^h's Isle. Who are the antoeci of St Helena, of Cape Desolation, Greenland, Fortune Land, Valdivia, of Rypcn in Denmark, of Alexandria, Niphon, and of Van Diemen's Land. pRoi. XXI — To find the periwcif of a place. Rule. — Bring the given place to the meridian, and observe the degree above it ; set the index at xii. noon, and turn the globe till the index points to xii. mid- night ; under the same degree of the meridian on the same side of the equator as the given place, are the periceci of that place. « The antceci are thoe who live under tlie same meridian, and have thesame latitude, but on oppositu sides of the equator; they have noon at tie same time, Lut their summer and winter at ooposite periods of the yt-ar. 1 The periceci live under the same degree of latitude, but differ 180<» Ml lougitude } consequently, they have their summer and winter at the «ame time, but their day and night at opposite timea. o2 31R PROBLEMS TO BK SOLVED fiY iix.— Who are the periocci of the people of Petersburg, Cashmere, Moultan, Mexico?— Ans. Montagu Island;— Passo del None in Mexico ;— Arispe in Mexico ;— Kimedy in Hindostan, nearly. o t »^ . Who are the periceci of Amsterdam, Quito, St John in Newfoundland, St Domingo, Barbadoes, Palawan, London ? Prob XXII To find the antipodes'* of a place. Rule. — Bring the given place to the meridian, and observe its latitude; set the index to xii. noon, and turn the globe till the index points to xii. midnight; under the same degree of latitude as the place given, but on the opposite side of the equator, will be found the antipodes. Ex.— Who are the antipodes of the inhabitants of Bantam, Botany Bay, ishnd of Borneo, Cape Horn ?— Ans. Tunja in Colombia ;— the Azores, nearly ; — Brazil and Colombia ;— Kirensk in Siberia, nearly. VVMio are the antipodes of Guiana, Cambodia, Santa Fe in La Plata, Corea, islaiid of Hainan, island of Kiusiu ? CELESTIAL GLOBE. The Celestial Globe is a representation of the heavens, on which are traced the circles necessary for finding the position of the stars ; it is suspended in a brass meridian supported on a wooden horizon in the same manner as the Terrestrial Globe. The two points in which the equinoctial intersects the ecliptic are called the Equinoctial Points. The first point of Aries, or that at which the sun appears to cross the Equinoctial towards the north, is the vernal equinoctial point ; and the first point of Libra, at which the sun appears to recross the Equinoctial towards the south, is the Autumnal Equinoctial Point. When the sun is in either of these two points, the day and night are equal on every part of the earth.t The first point of Cancer and the first point of Ca- pricorn are called the Solstitial Points. When die sun • Antipodes have the sain: latitude on opposite side? nnH fliffpr 1 Kn(> in lonirttude ^ cunseuuentlv. thev have ' "he equator, U«ir day and night, their summer arid winter, at opposite times. t The Vernal Equinox happens on the 20th or 2l8t of M;u< ; ^.J^ndthe Autumnal Equinox on the 23d of {September, tHE CELESTIAL GLOAE. 319 is in that of Cancer, it is the summer solstice^ and we have our longest day ; when he is in the first point of Capricorn, it is the winter solstice, and we have our shortest day.* The right ascension of a star is the distance, measured eastward upon the equinoctial, from the first point of Aries to the point where a great circle drawn through the star, and perpendicular to the equinoctial, intersects it. The latitude of a star is the distance between the star and the ecliptic measured upon a great circle drawn through the star, and perpendicular to the ecliptic ; and the longitude is the distance between the first point of Aries and the point where the circle cuts the ecliptic. Longitude, latitude, and declination,t are expressed in degrees, minutes, &;c., and right ascension in hours, minutes, &c. The sun has no latitude, as he is al- ways in the ecliptic. The signs and degrees are usually marked on one side of the ecliptic, and the days of the month on the other. A Constellation is an assemblage of stars distinguish- ed by the name of some animal or object to which the outline of the whole is supposed to bear a resemblance, as the Bear, the Dragon, Orion, Bootes, the Crown, &c. The Zodiac is an imaginary belt around the heavens, about 1 6 degrees broad, in which all the planets, except Ceres and Pallas, move. Through the middle of this belt runs the ecliptic, or the apparent path of the sun. PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE CELESTIAL GLOBE. Prob. I. — To find the latitude and longitude of a star* Rule. — Bring the pole of the ecliptic to the zenith, in which fix the quadrant, and lay it over the given star ; the number of degrees between the ecliptic and the star shows the latitude ; the number of degrees between the edge of the quadrant and the first point of Aries indicates the longitude. * T„e summer solstiee happens on ihe 21st or 22d of June, and the winter solstice on the 21st or 22d of December. t The declination of a star is its distance north or bouIIj of the equinoctial. 320 PROBLEMS TO BIG SOLVED BV Elf Wh»t are the latitude and longitude of Procyon in Canis Minor, of Sirius in t'anis Major, and of Arcturus in Bootes ;— Ans. Lat. 16° S.. and Long. 114*» ;— Lat. 40" S,, and Long. 10^ ;— Lat. 30$« N., and Long. 201". What are the latitude antl longitude of /\ldebaran, Bella, trix, Deneb, Dubhe, Alphecca, Altair, Markab, ForaalUaut, Aniares, Canopus, Kigel, Ras Alhagus, and Achernar ? Prob. II. — To find a stars place in the heavens^ its latitude and longitude being given, « KuLE.—Set the globe and quadrant as in last pro- blem ; then lay the graduated edj^e of the quadrant on the given longitude in the ecliptic, and the star will be found under the given latitude. Ex What star is that whose longit»',de is 85**, and whose latitude is 16" S. ? What star is that whose longitude is 297^ and whose latitude is 30" N. ?— Ans. Betelgeux in Orion ;— and Altair in Aquila. What are those stars whose latitude and longitude are re- spectively 23*^ N. and Long. 54" ; 22^" N. and Long. 79" ; 60" N. and Long. 334° ; 28° N. and Long. 40° ; 3I>° K. und Long. 260° ; 4° S. and Long. 247° ; 17° S. and Long. 28^°; 2° kS. and Long. 201° ; 60° S. and Long. 341° ? Pros. III. — To find the declination of the sun or a star. Rule Bring the sun's place, or the star, to the meridian ; observe its distance N. or S. from the equinoctial, and the distance will be the declination. j:x What is the declination of the sun on the 11th April ? W^hat is the declination of Castor in Gemini, and of Re^.iius in Leo?— Ans. Declination Bj" iN. ;— 32.i" N. ;— and 13" N. What is the declination of the sun on the Ist and loth of each month, from July 1st to January IstJ* What is the declination of each of the stars mentioned in PiiOB. I. ? Prob. IV. — To find the right ascension of the sun, or any star. Rule.— Bring the sun's place, or the star, to the meridian : the degree of the equinoctial, cut by the meridian, shows the right ascension* Ex.— What is the sun's right ascension on the 6th Juljr and ilie 13th October ? What is the right ascension of « Ly tffi, :„ rr. «_-! i\. I #x »*^ ' .J l(\»nf V--. Oi xsiucua:&n In ii;Uri;r> aliCi Oi itigt;x il: vfiOri 3 Ans. Right ascension 6h. 66';— 13li. 12'j— 18h. 3i';— 4h. 26';«-6h. 6'. THK CELESTIAL GLOBE. 321 What is the right ascension of the sun on the lit, 10th, and 20th of each month of the year ? What is the right ascension of each of the stars mentioned in Prob. I. ? Pros. V — The latitude of a place ^ the day and hour being given, to represent the face of the heavens, so as to point out all the constellations and remarkable stars then visible. Rule. — Rectify the globe for the latitude of the place ; bring the sun's place for the given day to the meridian ; set the index to xii., then turn the globe till the index points to the given hour. In this posi- tion the globe will represent the face of the heavens. Ex — Represent the face of the heavens as it will appear at London for 2 and 3 in the morning on the 18th January ; for 8 and 11 evening on the 12th March. Represent the face of the heavens for the Ist and 15th of each month of the year, and for each hour from 9, p.m. to 3, A. M., as it will appear af Edinburgh, Paris, Cape of Good Hope, Paramatta, and Calcutta. Prob. VI. — To find the time when any of the heavenly bodies rises, sets, or comes to the meridian, on a particular day, at a given place. Rule. — Rectify the globe for the latitude of the place ; bring the sun's place to the meridian, and set the index to xii. : then turn the globe till the given star comes to the eastern edge of the horizon, the in- dex will show the time of rising ; carry it to the west- ern edge, the index will show the time of setting; then bring it to the meridian, and the index shows the time of its culmination or southing.* Ex — At what time does Regulus, in Leo, rise, set, and culminate at Edinburgh, on the 4th of February ? At what time does Alphecca, in Corona Borealis, rise, set, and cul- minate at Madrid, on the 7th of May ?— Ans. Rises 6h. 25' A., souths Oh. 45' M., and sets 8h. 5' M. ;— rises 4h. 60' A., souths Oh. 35' M., and sets 8h. 20' M. At what time does each of the stars mentioned in Prob. I. rise, culminate, and set on the 1st and I6th of each month of the year, at the places mentioned in last Prob. ? * In turning round the globe it will be observed that someof the sUrt "■■ '"^^ ^tccvxTjJu ucxuw tiic iiuiisuis, wmic uiiicrs iii ine oppcsice pome Ol the heavens continue alwayg below it. The former never set at the given place for which the globe is rectified, and are called circumpolar stars i and the latter never rise at the given place. 322 PROBLEMS TO BK 80LVBD BY Pbob. yil.'-To fnd on what day of the year a star comes to the meridian at a given hour. j^^jj.E.— Bring the star to the brass meridian, and g^t the index to the sjivpn hour ; turn the globe till the index points to X' ' .>u, . tid the day of the month which corresponds io tlu. tlt^ree of the ecliptic cut by the meridian is the day required. Ex On what day does Kigel, in Orion, come to the me- ridian at 8 o'clock in the evening ? On what day does Sinus come to the meridian at 10 o'clock evening ?-An8. tebruaiy 3d ;— January 2Hih. On what day does Aldebaran come to the meridian at ,, 8, 10, 12, P. M. and 2,' 4, 6, a. m. ?— On what days do each of the stars mentioned in Prob. I. come to the meridian at /, 9, 11, P. M. and 1, 3, 5, a. ji. respectively ? Prob. VI IL— To Jind the altitude and nzimuth of the sun or a star at any given place and time. Rule. — Ucctify the globe for the latitude of the place; bring the sun's place in the ecliptic and xii. on the hour circle to the brass meridian ; and fix the quadrant in the zenith. Then turn the globe till the given hour comes to the meridian, and lay the gra- duated edge of the quadrant on the star ; the degree of the quadrant over the star will show its altitude, and the number of dtgrees counted upon the horizon, from its intersection by the quadrant to the north or south point, will be its azimuth. At Edinhurgh, on the 4th August, at lOh. p. m. what are the altitude and azimuth oi" I\lirach, Almaach, and Altair ?— Ans. Alt. 29*, Az. 69" from N. towards E. ;— Alt. 28.f , Az. r^el" from N. towards E. ;— Alt. 42% Az. 12^^ from S. to- wards E. , , ,,t. At Edinburgh on the 31st December, at 9h. and llh. p.m. what are the altitude and azimuth ofCapella, Uubhe, Regulus, Alioth, Castor, Procyon, Bellatrix, Sirius, Menkar, Algenib, Mirach, Algol, Shedir, Alderaniin, Arided, and « Lyrse:' At London, on the 1st .'March, at midnight, what are the al- titude and azunuth of Kochab, Arided, » Lyrae, Albireo, Alphecca, Ras Alhagus, Yed, Arcturus^ Beneinach, Spjca Vifginis, Iteguius, Cor Hydrae, Sirius, Castor, Poiiiix, ^c- tekeux, Procyon, Capella, Aldebaran, the Pleiades, Algol, Almaach, ^hedir ? THE CELESTIAL 6LOBB. 323 Peob. lX.-"The latitude of a place, the altitude of a star, and /he day of the month being given, to find theh lur of the night. RuLK.— Rectify the globe for the latitude; bring the sun's place to the meridian, and set the index to xri. ; fix the quadrant in the zenith, then move the globe and quadrant till the star comes under the qua- drant at the given altitude, and the index will show the hour required. ,.*'^;-^\,^'*l^"b"»"ff^^» «n the 13th December, when the almude of Aldebaran is 4fi'^, what is the hour of the niaht ? ;Ao ' u^ ^ilf r^'^^'-T'ace, the altitude of Capella, in Auriga, in 70 on the 20ih of January, what are the hours of the night? -Ans. Uh. 15' p.M.,andOh. 45' a.m. ;_7h. andlOh. 35' p.m. At Edinburgh, on ihe 1st and loth of June, when the al- titude of Alphecca is 50°; « Lyra 41°, Alderamin 45°. and Arided 45" respectively, what are the hours of the nii?hi ? At Pans, on the 1st of October and 15th of November, when the o, -"f ^ olo^*'""!?^^, i** ^^^ ^I'ai'" 4!i% Almaach 45°, the Pluades 27 , and Aldebaran 22", what are the hours of the nighi? At Calcutta, on the 1st January and 1st February, when the altitude of iMenkar is «6A°, Ri^^el 45°, Betcl^eux 60°, Procyon 48 ', and Sirius nO", whut are the hours of the night ? Prob. X.-~The year and day being given, to find the place of a planet. Rule.— Find the sun's plac for the given day, and bring it to the brass meridian ; set the index to xii.; then find in the Nautical or the New Edinburgh Almanac the time when the planet passes the meridian on the given day, and turn the globe till the index points to the hour thus found ; find in the Almanac the declination of the planet for the same day, and under the degree! of declination on the b-ass meridian is the place of the planet. Ex — What will be the places of Venus and Jnpiter on the 1st of Aui;ust UUO ?— Ans. Venus will be in the Constellation Cancer, her R. A. being «h. 55', and her declination J 8° 34' N. ; Jupiter will be in the Constellation Libra, his R. A. being I4h. W, and his declination 13" 52' S. ^^^'hat will be the plad- of Venus on the 19th December ]?^1': ^na^ will be the place of the moon on the 25th 3Iarch ib4U ." bind the place of the moon and of each of the planets tor tl, Ut and 25th of each inurnh of th.' years 1840 to 184.i inclusive. A TABLE, 8HOW1NO THE NUMBER OF MILES CONTAIMBD IN A DEGRER OF LoMOlTUDE ON ANY PARALIEL OF LATITUDE, BETWEEN THE EQUATOR AND THE POLES, THE EARTH BEING SUPPOSED A SPHERE. iDeg.ofi "■' 1 ' 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Geog. Mjlea. 59.99 o9.9H 59.92 59.85 ,69.77 59.67 59.55 i 59.42 59.26 59.09 58.89 58.68 58.46 58 22 57.95 57.67 57.38 67.06 56.73 56.38 56.01 55.63 56.23 54.81 54.38 53.93 53.46 52.97 52.47 Eng. Miles. Dtfg. of 51.96 Ii9.l0 69.07 69.02 68.94 68.85 68.74 68.(»0 68.45 68.26 68.06 67.8^1 67.60 67.34 , 67.07 1 66.76 66.43 I 66.10 65.73 65.35 64.95 64.52 64.08 (}:J.62 63.14 62.64 62.12 61.58 61.02 60.44 59.85 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 63 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 (Jeog. Miles. 51.43 50.88 60.32 49.74 49.15 48.54 4792 47.28 46.63 45.96 45.28 44.59 43.88 43.16 4243 41.68 40.92 40.15 39 36 38.67 37.76 36.94 36.11 35.27 34.41 33.55 32.68 31.80 30.90 30.00 KiiK. Miles. 59.24 58.61 67.97 57.30 56.62 55.91 55.20 54.46 53.72 52.94 52.16 51.36 50.55 49.72 48.88 48.01 47.14 46.25 45.34 44.43 43.50 42.55 41.60 40.63 39.64 38.65 3764 36.63 35.59 34.66 Dejj. of Lat. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 (iCOR. Miles. 29.(19 28.17 2724 26.30 25.36 24.40 23.44 22.48 21.50 20.52 19.53 18.54 17.54 16.54 15.53 14.52 13.50 12.47 11.46 10.42 9.39 8.35 7.31 6.27 5.23 4.19 3.14 2.09 1.05 0.00 Miii's. 33.51 32.45 3l.;«i 30.2!) 29.21 28.11 27.00 25.8!) 24.7(1 23.64 22.50 21.35 20,20 19.05 17.89 16.72 15.55 i4.:it) 13.1!) 12.00 10.81 9.fi2 8.42 7.22 6.02 4.82 3.61 2.40 1.21 0.00 THE END, Printed by Oliveu & Boyd, Twoeddalc Court, High Str»et, Edinburgh. List of educational works. .ATITUDE, ITU BEING PimiilBHID BV .OR. ties. ,m .17 .24 .30 .:u; .40 .44 An M .62 .53 M .54 .54 .53 .52 1.50 1.47 .45 1.42 1.311 {.35 $.27 >.23 I.IO J.14 2.09 1.05 0.00 KiiK. Mills. 33.51 32.45 31.311 30.2!) 29.21 2H.11 27.00 25.}!!! 24.71; 23.64 22.. -JO 21.35 20.20 l!».0,i 17.H9 lt^.72 15.5f) 14.:;« 13.1!l 12.00 10.81 0.02 8.42 7.22 6.02 4.82 3.61 2.40 1.21 0.00 OLIVER* BOVD, EDINBURGH ; AND SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO., LONDON : SOLD ALSO BY ALL OTHER BOOKSELLERS. School Olasalcs. 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