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Laa diagrammaa sulvants illiistrqnt la mAthodo. 2 3 ' , » ; 6 ■> . ■•■■ ; .■.■••. .'•■. V -;. MkXOCOPy RES01UTlO»< TEST CHART • (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 2.5 1.0 g'^S I \ * .V _I^K'« 165J EosI Mdfn Street / S5S Rochester. N««r York 146(59 USA * Wl^ ("6) ♦82 - 030Q - Phone " ^^SB <716) 288 - S989 - Fax •W .( C e.e:poi^T \. 01-' A ■ ' MEETING OF. THE. Montreal Natural History Society. ' ii iMPORTANt HEALTH MATTERS. DR- BAKER EDWARDS ON THE DISPOSAL OF NIGHT-SOIL. CREMATION RECOi(IMENDED AND CHARGOAtL CLOSETS FOR DWELLINGS. DISCUSSION THEREON AND EDITORIAL REMARKS. ^^RK-PkINTKU hM«n. THK " MoN^rREAL HE«!?CLU-a. FEBRUARY ,3rd. ■ WITH COMPLIMENTS OF K ' . HEAP'S PATE^ DRY EARTH QR ASHES CLOSET CO. (UMITED). 57 ADELAIDE STREET west! TOiaOiTTO, Ol^X. \ v/ V 4i,. V}1 ^ " HEAPS PATENT " INODOROUS DHT EABTE OR ASHES CLOSETS Al COMMODES. , I 0» ■ ; VPWARDS OF 15,01)0 IJ^ tISK ^.^^^ — \. . ADOPTED ON THE FOLLOWING ESTATES IN ENGLAND; ' - 1 Artliingworth Manor. Soilgwick Estate, W. H. Wakefiel.J, EhS*' ") '-Jf-I^:, T f tb« higher cUm of hoasM tre aUowed to havfl water cloMts. but four-flftha of the people are obliged to have 'pail cloaeta' in their yards, built according to the plan of the health departroeut. Fur towns, having no general newage svittem I would unhesitatingly advise the use of the 'pail' or 'tub' system as practised in Kngland, as being, from a sanitary poilbt uf^viivw, an immeaae improvement upon the death- lected in pails, are reduced one-twelfth in bulk by a 'concretor,' and a valuable manure is obtained either as ' poudrette ' or mixed with charcoal [which is safer], but there is no real safety, save by crema- tion." Ill thu second annual report of the Prov- incial Board of Health of Ontario, several valuable papers are published on this_ subject, and illu'^trations given of the breeding privy vaults iu common use. At i closets used on the Hochdale and Man a small cost the existing vaults can be cleaned and tilled %nd the privies altered into healthful tub-closets, Bjiiing con- vinced that this system is the most im- mediately practicable remedy, ^ I recom- nieud to this Board to'take inOaHurcs to secure its adoption. In llucl^dale and Manchester they have been obliged to build sewers for slop, waste, and storm- water, tosupplemeut this ' tub itiystem. ' " Dr. Oarqiner further says that ib discuss- ing this matter at the British A^ociation meeting in York h« found > sanitary engineers and medical inspectoltrs " con- demning the combined system of water and closet sewatte, and many medical men favoring the general iutroductidp of the dry removal in tubs, limiting thje use of sewers to carry off only waste antl storm water." Chester systenu, but the charcoal system, which is' an imnrovement on either, and better adapted tor this climate, seems to have been overlooked; — general assent of medical Canadian authorities is, however, expressed in favor of " dry removal " where applicable. WHY THE BY8TEM M 80 LITTLE UHED IN THIS I'ROVINCB. With a large amount of inedical and sanitary testimony in favor of dry re- moval without accuntulation, it is 'Some- what surprising that the system has mae of gas and tar, and a disinfecting dry charcoal residue, tbe very, best and St " Dr. Belj^^^ sanitary wK^tien of the Stattk Boards of Healtl'fV^^alumore, while adyocaling the "West'' pntiumalib system of re- moval, as the best and most perfect sys- tem, says : " Safety in the tise of |he dry earth system es^entiallxr ci ntusts vin the same practice as the 'West ' systtni, thtj cheapest deoaorant and absorbent for tbe prompt disposal of the material (earth or Jry closets, the abundant and daily su|)plj charcoal) which retains the excreta before putrefaction tak«s place." Col. J. M. Keating, in a valuable article published in the 8th volume of the Ameri- can Public Health Association " On the Cremation of -Excreta and Household Refuse," says : "The disposal of excreta is the sanitary problem of the age; whether in towns, villages, cities or farms, the privy and midden system are utterly ob of which would soon pave the way far thett general introduction, and in the meantime provide k valuable material for disinfect- ing and deodorizing cesspits, thus lessening their present evils a^d lead iug to their gradual abandonment. The habitual use of this material and tbe improvementmanifestly arising there- from, will, I believe, when publicly known, be appreciated in this city as fully as it now « jectionable. The sewer system is onljt|i« in those English towns where it haa lesa objectionable than that of the privy. Out of .be difficulties which environ our present -method of sanitation there is but one safe way, and that is by fire. Even 'poudrette * is dangerous, from its' lia- -bUit j* to ferment and to occasion typhoid fever among persons handling it or en- gaged in the navigation of vessels carry- ing it as merch&ndise. In Manchester, Leeda and Birmingham the excreta are col- been i&dopted. The pail system of col- lection will soon follow an abundant supply of this deodorizer; and I trust (whatever system of- cremation may -be adopted) that the production of this valu- able diiiinfectant will be made a prominent feature. - THE STREET QRIDS. ^\ It would al->o be available for charcoal boxes to be placed above the open grid. '*^. ^ I J K -m of itreet Mw«n and thus absorb the moit dangeroua of thoae foul eiiunfttionH which m«et a» at every tarn of our MilewalkH •fid are frequently the source of disease. The evils of the present sewaoe system are apparent in our public schools, where young children have no protection from the severe climate, in our hospitals, asylums and jails, and in many of our factories and tenement blocks, where the dry svstem of removal would be of immediate public btfueftt ; and the sprinkled charcoal * much nealed ^odorant. (Any one who has occasion tq visit the Court Houne or City Hall must be conscious of the pestiferous at- mosphere, and that the caunes are of the most disgusting character.) WAtER BEWAOB SYSTEM. With respect to the system of removal | by water, it is generally conceded by I sanitary engineers and medjcal authorities i that the difficulties of extending thin to I .cottage houses or tenements are in$uperable, | and that the connection of even good water closets with the common sewer is { dangerous and uncertAiu to the occupiers Mr. Eawile, O.E.. In • report to tha SaniUry Institute of Great Brttaio, meet- ing at Dublin last year, says :— "The system of destruction of " house refuse by burning waa "reportwl upon by Dr. Sanders " in 1851- It has been more or "lessfullvag tlie H,5U0 polluted, aud auch polluted air, instead of purifying tho blood and giving vigor to ce«fl-pitH in the city that ha«i«)le body, is the vehicle by which , emptied pince they were flrnt dng out, for | the germii of the muHt deadly diseases are » J«»ter pumber of i<|ici»»- and I ^bnyeyed to it««mo«t delicate aud suscep- , wortTmen than would k* likely to l» , ii..,„. ; employed for ihe next 'twelve monthH tlble polntH. Th*re is nothing that pollutes The offensive iiiatler existed, and waf tint air >io quickly and with Huuh injurious doing injury, and what wkh to he done j.,r^^.j^ „, human excrtta. Nature has withil? One i>nburbiin municipality uftef . , , ., ,, , ,„ _„. anotherhadrefu.-edtoallowittobedumped w'x^ly «">'l mercifully made all such within it8 boundH and it could not be left ! matter ofieu»ive to the senses. She iD- \ festering and breeding dLneaHe where it Ih To burn it would be to deprive it of its power 10 do barm, and tlie productn pro- dnceil by cremation woujd be useful in many ways. variably gives due warning to all, and they areniost un w'se and their own worst enemies, who do not profit by that watn- iug. Wherever there is an offensive odor there is danger, and it i^ the duty of everyi- oiie to havo the caubc of it removed as lu , as to have all tb«*iuttlities of " bonechar" ciliei(, or where Inltje numbers are col-',;^. —80 largely used lu sugar refineries as an ,^^j^,,j {„ a limited space, tho removal aud agent of diHColorizmg aud (leodonzing. • 1 ■ .i . r *• „ r • would l* useful in horticulture and much destruction, or rather transformation, of . valued by florists, and would doubtless be- ; di^ea(.. 1 -■■' : ■,•; : ■ "■ ■ \- » ■•' , ■ ' ■. • ■ *■ . ■ ■/■ ■■■■'■ -"■■■*■ *r ' ■■'■.' R / ' • - t ^ • ,. .' • ■ « '.* . i " ..,<",*., ;::;i.,'\ - ♦ • ■ ■ .■■■■'" • ■ ' ' > '•..': ^^^^H ■^H [^V :^'; # p