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 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 32X 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 S 
 
 6 
 
•WT 
 
 THE CITIES 
 
 SAULT STE 
 
 MICHIGAN AND ONI 
 
 -A>;i) TilK 
 
 5L /l)ary's falls 5 
 
 MAP F^JLIS 
 
 OtTHOtT.MC 
 
CITIES OF 
 
 STE. MARIE 
 
 IN AND ONTARIO 
 
 -A^•I.) THE 
 
 palls 5'?ip ^apai. 
 
 
 
 ^j *-_ k ii 
 
 
•vA*-*^i1«'l|f? 
 
 W. C. SAUER, 
 
 CIVIL ItNCINEER AMD 
 
 MAP PUBLISHER. 
 
 25 Board of Trade Building, 
 
 DETROIT, MICH. 
 
 ■k- 
 
C. SAUER, 
 
 IL I!NCINEER AMO 
 
 PUBLISHER, 
 ard of Trade Building, 
 ETROtT, MICH. 
 
SAI'I.T STi:. M.VR1E 
 
 rPiiMis liedly ^^'':' C.SAl'K R . C.K !3>^- 
 
 Sa\ilt Ste. Marie, j. Detioil . Mirh. 
 Smith's Bio. It. (I'd Fori Si \SVhi 
 
U(Jftirr»f 
 
 
 ■i- Itiiinilttm 
 
 
 a. 
 
 
 .ali 
 
DBSCRIPl 
 
 -OF- 
 
 5ai9t (r\ary'8 palls Q 
 
 WITH DETAILS OF THE LOCKS, THEIR OPERATING ^ 
 
 OIJ) CANAL AND LOCKS. 
 
 (18o3-1855.) 
 
 (trouml was broken for tlie building of the old ciiiiiil and loukn on June 4. I8'):i. Tliu curtifR-ato 
 ot its ooniiik'tiim was fsignod by the eunimi.ssioners on May 21, IH.'),'), and the first l)oat was locked throujjh 
 on .lime 18, lH,").j. The entire eost of the work was g!Ht!l,802.4ti. 
 
 The old loeks are two in number. They are each 70 feet wide, :V)0 feet lonir, have a de|itb of 1 U. 
 feet of water on the miter-sills, and a lift of !• feet eaeh. The walls are of liiMi^stone masonry, and are 
 shown in elevation, jdan, and section in Figs. 1, -2 and 8, J'late 3. The Hoor is shown in I^'ig. 4. I'late :i. 
 It consists of longitudinal timbers 1 foot square and 1 foot ai)art. bolted to tlie solid rock. On these, 
 transverse tijnhers 1 foot square and 1 foot apart are bolted to tlie solid rock, the intersti<'cs iicing tilled 
 with sand and gravel well rammed. On the transverse timbers is spiked a Hooring of ]ilaiik :i inches 
 thick. 
 
 The middle gate is sliown in Fig. 3, Plate 3. The sheathing is left otlMVoin tlu' north leaf, so as to 
 show the I'lan of the frame-work. Kacli leaf is worked with a boom, as shown at 15, Fig. -I. The boom 
 \t n.oved backward and forward by means of a wire rope and hand capstan, shown at A. Fig. 3. 
 
 The water is admitte<l to the locks, through the leaves, by means of butterfly valves, shown at (", 
 Fit:. •'- i'late 3. The valves are worked with a rack and jiinion, shown at D, Fig. 3. I'late 3. 
 
 CANAL IMrUOVKMKNT AND NEW LOCKS. 
 
 (1870-1881.) 
 
 The first contract for the imiirovement of the canal, which resulted in its enlargement and the 
 liiill.liiig -if the new lock (of 1881), was dated October 20, 1870; the first stone of the new lock was laid 
 -Inlv :!.). lW7t!, and the first boat locked through on September 1, 1881. 
 
 The total amount appropriated for the work al different times was «2,40.'),O()0. The total cost of 
 the canal improvement and lock was ^l',1.')0,OijO, the balance of the aiipropriation being used in the 
 improvement of the Saint .Mary's i{iver. 
 
 The ex 
 
 Enlargement ol 
 
 E.\cavatioi 
 
 Pier revcti 
 
 New look: 
 
 Excavatioi 
 Lock floor 
 Culverts . 
 
 Masonry: 
 
 Backing, < 
 Cut stone 
 
 Snubbiiig-liook 
 Earth filling.. 
 Gates and sills 
 Machine hous< 
 Machinery, pij 
 
 Movable dam: 
 Fouiidatic 
 Swing bri 
 
 Purchase of If 
 Gran 
 
 The p 
 
 The I 
 
 The least wii 
 
 gciu.'ral heig 
 
CRIPTION 
 
 -OB'- 
 
 alls Qa^al, (T^iel^i^ap, 
 
 HHIR OPERATING MACHINERY AND MOVABLE DAM. 
 
 '\n.: CL'ftit'u-iltO 
 
 ;kuil tlii'iiiiali 
 
 (k']ltll of 1U. 
 
 iiirv. iin<l lire 
 iir. 4. riutc :i. 
 
 k. Oil these, 
 
 's liciiit; tillod 
 liuik :j iiiulu's 
 
 I lent", so iiH to 
 i. 'I'lii' liooin 
 
 s sliowii lit (", 
 
 iii'iit :iliil tilt' 
 lock WHS laid 
 
 r lotiil cost ot' 
 
 ir iiscil ill the 
 
 The exiioiiditure for the ciiiml iiuiiroveineiit mid liuildiiig of the new lo<'k was as follows: 
 
 Enlargement of prism : 
 
 Excavation ♦70<),noo 
 
 I'ier revetment SiiO.OdO 
 
 |l(i'j(),()(l(i 
 
 New look: 
 
 Excavation ' 7ll,Hr.(» 
 
 Lock floor anil foundation HftjOOii 
 
 Oulverts "'."O" 
 
 iilH.sriO 
 
 Masonry: 
 
 Backing, cement, sand, and setting stone 'jr)|,(Ml() 
 
 Cut stone !JilM,r.(lO 
 
 4HI,r>00 
 
 Snubbing-liooks and gate anchors ;i,:i(iO 
 
 Earth filling --.<'•"' 
 
 Gates and sills ••-.'?'i" 
 
 Machine house - ' i''"" 
 
 Machinery, pipes, etc .')I),()(I0 
 
 ^' *^ ^ ' liK.rxio 
 
 Movable dam: 
 
 Foundation and pier •ir>,H(iO 
 
 Swini; bridije and wickets •lli.'no 
 
 Purchase of land, engineering, superintending, office expenses, etc 1 H'.'.iir)0 
 
 Grand total $a.imM)00 
 
 CANAL. 
 
 The pcofrraphiciil position of Saint Marj's FhIIb Canal is shown in Plate I. 
 
 The length of the eaiml is* 7,000 feet. Its width is varialile. The oiillines are shown in I'liile -J. 
 The least width is 108 feet, ut the iioint opimsite the niovahle dnni. The depth of water is Id feel. The 
 trcneral height of the ]iier revetment is 4 feet ahovi' mean water surface. 
 
40 
 
 COFFKl! I).\M. 
 
 A r(itt'cT-(|:ilii illM.iit 1.700 Iri'l Idiiu- \\;i- lillill illirilli.'' the St';ISMii dt' ISSd, iici'dss tile licMil (if tile 
 ciiiial anil liacU urilir |iiri-s <|ii\vii to the slmri' liiir-. lis |i(isitiiiii is sIkiwii in linttcil lines, Skctcli 1, 
 I'liilc •_'. TuM rii\\~ i>[' shed [lilinii-. nliunl s fret a|iiii'l, were clrivfn willi a small |iilt'-ili'ivci'. 'Plu' s|iaci' 
 liftwccn llic niws was llicn lillrd uilli we'll {aiddli'd clav. A u'ap iil' 7" Irct was left adjacent tn tlie ni>i'tli- 
 wesl pier till tile 1-lcise dl' na \ ijial ion . dn Ndvcndier |."i. ISSd. 'I'lie u'ap was then eldsed liv sinkini;- ei'iljs 
 and niaUinsi' a liaid< dl' |inddled elav cm the ii|i-stfeaiH sidc> df tliein. Tlie canal was di'aiiieil and the old 
 (■ill'ved pier dii the sdiitli side renidxi'd. the ealnil widelieil and dei'pened td a unii'di'ni li'fade <d' Id feet dt' 
 water. The jdlidwini;- spfini;- that part dl' the ilani lietwien the canal pieis was dredu'ed ont. 
 
 I'lKl! IM'.VKT.MKNT. 
 
 The liaidss dl' the canal afc pfdiecled hy a fevel niciil dl' pier work n\' the t'orin shdwn in erdss- 
 seetidiis. Sketch •_', I'late •_'. the nianiier df cdiisl nididn heiiii;- slinwii more in detail in l-'lu's. 1 and :i, 
 I'lale l:'.. 
 
 The iiiateriai i> pine tindu r I I'ddi -(luarc. I'"dr that pari df the wurk diitside ^il' the cdtlei'-dain, 
 crihs were lirst hnilt a> -Iimwii in l^'iii'. -. I'late I-'!. They were then llnated into pcisitinn and siiid'; liy 
 tilliiiii' «i!h lirid<en >Idiir. Spuds wi'fe placed at each cdriier d|' the crili. to which Iddcks and falls were 
 altaclh'd. as slidwn al I. I''ii;'. -. I'lale M. These were used id keep the crih le\(d and in line until the 
 lilllni;' was put in. 
 
 The crilis are I'rdni -'Id id 7d leet in leiiulh.and ffdui IS to .'Id feet in width, varyiiie- wij|)i the (le]itli 
 dl' water. After the crili- wen' in pd>ilidii their tups were made even with the water surface hv ad/ing' 
 dtr the hiii'h places and ~pikiiii:' li'Vidiiiu' pieco <in the Idw .uu's. The ~uperst rnet urc \\a> then hnilt. as 
 slid w II at .1. K. Fit;', li. I'late l-!. It is cdiupdsed of live cnurses df tiniiier dvi'i'lappini.;' eaidi dther, sn as t(i 
 he edntinUdU> fi'diu dlie dill Id aiidtjiei'. 
 
 I'.etuciii the i-dU'er-dalii and the hicks nid>t nfthi' revetment was hnilt mi llie rd(d<. The two 
 Idwcr cdur-e~ dfiinihcr wi'i'e framed like the .rili-. and the remainder the same as the siiperstriii'tiire. 
 shdwn ill Fii;-. I. I'lah' |:1. The canal lace df the revetment has a hatter df I Id l-J. There are iL'.ddd 
 linear feel nf pier-. 
 
 NFW LOCK. 
 (|S7d-|.ssl.) 
 
 The lelatiM' pd-ilidii- df the ]\r\\ aiid dhl fick- are shdU n at F and ]■'.. K. Sketch J. I'late u'. The 
 chamlii r nf the new luck i- .1 1 .1 I'eei Idiio- JMiuceii huHdu i|iidiiis, Ml |',.|.| wicle. iiarrnwecl to lid feel at the 
 pile-: the dcplh i- --Wl'. leet. Il- .ap.icity i- L.Mld.ddd eiiliic fei'l. The lift df the Idi'k i- IS feet, the depth 
 df waler du ilir miler--ill- 17 I'cel. The -ill- are phici d I fndt helnu canal lidttdiu. -d a- Id he prdtei'lecl 
 fi'diii injury hy m.--,U. A L:iiaid-i;ale i- phu'cil al each end dl the I'liamh ■!■. makiiii;' the Iciiii-th df the 
 wall- 7 17 I'l'cl. 
 
 The wall- fur M feel fidiii ra. h end are l-'l feet wide frdiii tdp Id liditdiii : I hell fur IJI.l feet at tln> 
 West end and l-ell t'eil at the ea-l end they are J."l leet wide fldln tdp Id hdlldlil. I'lelWeell the uiile walls 
 
 the width i- |s feel t'di- III fc.i up Ir the fdiiiidaliiin. then it uarrnw- in 1' feel fcir \ dlf-i't- .'i fri'l apart. 
 
 Xciiically. iililil till' wall i- Id |ii-l wide, al which \\idlli it i- carried np Id within >'< iiiclie- nl' the tup df 
 the cdpiiii;. The edplijM' i- .1 f.ii wide, a- -hdwii ill Fit;-. J. ;; and I. I'lale ). 
 
 The \\,ill- are df rnih-idur. -Iiin\ii in i'le\alidn. plan, and ci'd eclinn- in l-'ii;--. I. J. li and 7. 
 
 re-pecli\el\. I'lale I, Thr ,iii -I \\ a - dliiaiiied I'rdiii \lai lilehead. ' >hid, and Felley's |-laiid: the 
 
 hackilii;' frdlM I d umnidiid'- l-laiid. Saint Mar\ '- jiiv 1 r. The lace -l.iui- ;iri' laid in rciiiilar cdiii'-es. wit h 
 
 II lldlld df I! teel. 'I'llelc ale Jd edl 1 1-, -. , ac h J leet I ll i. ■ k . e \ I'e pi I hi pilli;-. wllicll i>l!feet thick. 
 
 The -tdu,.- |ia\e liii-li haiiiiie led f: -. \\\\\\ :i J-iuch niari;iii draft and |-incli chamfer i'll'^r. The 
 
 headii- are .', U\ 2 \i\ d feel, .mil the -Irctchcr- d li\ J Ky :1 U:\ ; ihr lidlf n\ and aiiu'le i|iidins. ll hv :.' Iiv 
 tl feel, and are -el \^ ilh I he hed and \ li'lical jdinl- ] nf an inch 1 hiek. 'I'he haidsiiiu i- -el with l-iiielihed 
 and L'-iiicli \ erlii al Jdlni-, wiih ;i limid nf!' iiu In- at lea-l. 
 
 The face -lull. ■. I hi' miter and luca-l \\all-. and pdrlinn- id' the wall airiaceiit tn spriiiu's nf wiitei' 
 all' laid in Fiii>'li-li I'ditlaiid ceiii<iil. 'I'he leiuaiiider df ihe w all 1- laid in .\inericaii eeiiienls, ucm.ralU' 
 
 that dlitaiiied iium I i-vilh . Kenluekx. ,\ll lie 'enieiil- wei.' mi\ed with -and in the prdpurtidH df | 
 
 td I. 
 
 'I'licie are al t -H.JdJ ,iil,ir vard- d|' ma-diii\.in tin cdii-triietidii dl' w hii h aliiuil .'i.'i.ddd harrels 
 
 df I ellli 111 Wcl'c U-ed. e\el\ liaird df ulliell Ua- te-l,i| I M ■ I d le it \Xa- dlkell dli the \\all. 
 
 In I he mil el \v all- fiu the 11 pp. I Idik and i; iiard-uaies lliei'c are d 1 r-e- df cut -tdHc, each li t'cel 
 
 lliiik. 'I'lc wall- ale II frrl widi' at the miter aliule. ail' arched In reiisi the pressure lUi ihe untes. iiinl 
 are I Id mil 1 1 intd tin lnek \\all-. ,1- -lenv n at l''ii;.. J. :! and 7. I'lale I. 
 
 till 
 Ih 
 
40 
 
 iici'Dss tlic lii'ud of tin' 
 lotted lilifs, .Sketch 1, 
 ilc-drivcr. Till' s|iai'c 
 :i(r|iii-ciit to till' iiortli- 
 (■(1 liy siiikini;' eribs 
 a- drained and the old 
 I'll] yl'ade ol' Itl teet of 
 di;'e(l out. 
 
 form .-liowii III eross- 
 t'lail ill l'"iu'>. 1 and '2. 
 
 • ide o|' tile eotfer-dani, 
 |iosition mid siinU l>v 
 lilocks and falls wei'e 
 
 '1 anil in line until tli(> 
 
 Tlic top cfnirse of stone is set liaek 1 foot, so as to leave an ott'set on wliioli tlie oak niiter-sill i,.st. 
 Tlie oak sills |ii'oject 2 inelics ahove tlie iiiasoiil'V. A Hat al'idi, 4 feet liiii'li. is liiiilt in tlie ii|i|ier Ini k o;||,, 
 miter wall, wliei'e it eri>sses over 'lie culverts at A, Fiu'. 7, I'late 4. To |)i'i'Vent vessels from kiii kincr 
 tlie I'oiiiiii^ liaek out of line, the walls were made 10 teet wide at the to|i. and also a groove 1 f.ini iviil,. 
 and 4 iindies dee|i was eiit in the top of the nineteenth eonrse, 1 foot hack from the faee of the wail, ;|||,| 
 a eori'i'Spondillii' shollliler let't on the lower lied of the eopilin' stones, wlliell titled in the uroox'e, l'i;;s. 4, 
 il and 7, riate 4. 
 
 The recesses shown at A, Fin'. I, I'late 4, contain iron siiilhhiiii;--liooks. 
 
 The foundation is on rock tliroiiirhont, whiidi is a I'otsdaiii sandstone of ditl'erent dei;rei- ..rii;inl. 
 iiess. In cxcavatiiiii' the lock pit, rock was rcacheil at from 1 to 1.") feet ahove the u'raile i.f ilir |,,ik 
 lloor. A lloor of timlier anil concrete extends across the hottoin id' the lock and o feet under i arh wnll: 
 the rest ot' till! foundation I'nr the wall is concrete \ to li teet thick on the ro(d<. All the tinihii- iix.,! in 
 the foundation are ol' pine 1 foot si|iiiire. The loni;'itiidiiial courses arc HI feet apart, shown at T. Fiirs. :!, 
 4 and .'), I'late 4. They arc laiil in coiu'rcle and fastened to the rock with holts :! feet loiii;-. which upc 
 fox-wedijed and cemented ill the rock, as shown in l'"ii;-. 4, Plate 4. The transverse tiniliei- 1. Kii;. .'i, 
 I'late 4, arc laid across the pit with spaces ot' li inches hetween tliein. and are hcdted lliroiij.li I In- \,i\ii/\. 
 tinliiial tinihers with holt> ■\ feet loni;'. The int'crstices are lillod with concrete. Two cour>c> nt' .'l-inili 
 pine plank ti inches wide are spiked to the transverse tinihers 1', Fiu'. -'i, I'late 4. 
 
 The miter-sills are oak tinihers lii hylS inches, and fastened in jilacc hy hidts Id feet Iniii;. 1;,^. 
 weda'cd and concrcti'd in the rock, and also hv tiniher hraces h(dtcil to the rock. 
 
 laryiiie- with the de]itli 
 ater surface hy adzinii' 
 lire \\a> then hiiill. as 
 
 inu' I'iiidi other, so as to 
 
 lUi llic roidv. The two 
 as the .-iiperstruc-tiire. 
 > l-J. Tlh'rc are lli.OOO 
 
 Sketch J. I'lale 2. Tin' 
 rrowed to till feel at the 
 lek i- is |r,.t. Ilir di'plh 
 II. >o a> to he prutectcd 
 kinu' the Icim-lh of the 
 
 hell for \-2\\ I'ci't at the 
 
 lietw I'cli the \\ ide Walls 
 '■ir 1 iitl'-et-- ."1 teet apart. 
 
 Il ill. he-- of the top (.f 
 
 ill l''iL:-. I. J. I'l and 7. 
 '1 Keilcy'-^ l-hind; the 
 ill rcLinlar comses. with 
 w hich i- 1^. t'eet thick. 
 
 II cliMmter fil'^v. The 
 allij'le iploins. Il jiy 2 hy 
 ii i- -el \\ ith l-iiich lied 
 
 III In -piillM- ,,[■ \\,|t,.f 
 
 ieaii cement-, yi'iierally 
 
 ill the plnpnl'liiili ,i|' I 
 
 ' Il al 1 .'i.'i.lllMI liai'l'el- 
 
 wall. 
 
 f cut -tone, eaih 2 feel 
 
 's-iiic oil I he nalcs, and 
 
 • ■ (lATKS. 
 
 There are toiir i;'ale-. desiii'iiatcd a> upper and lower lock-u'ates ami upper and lowi>r i:iiaiil-:;;ile-. 
 
 Their position- and miter-sills shown are al I'. IJ. U and S. rcs| tivdy. l-'ii:'. 2. I'lati^ 4. The -niiih i,.at' 
 
 of lower loidx-iiali' i- -liowii in plan, clcvatiiui. and section in Fius. |. 2 and ;!. respecli\'ely. I'late li. Tlie 
 franic-wiu'k i- of u hite oak and the sheathini;' of Norway pine. The sy-tem ,,{' anchorai;!' i- -Imwn at 
 ('. I'"i,i;-s. 1. 2 and -'l. I'lali' ti. The wciu'lit of mic li'af of the upper lock-u'atc i- 40 Ions, and nt' •<\i<- Inilnf 
 the lower loek-ii'atc 7ii tolls. Tlh' smith leaf ot' upper ii'iiard-e'alc i- shown in plan, clcvali.ui and -ectioi;. 
 in Fii;'-. 1 to 7. I'lale 7. The -y-tcm o|' aiichorau'c is the same as tortile lower loi4<-i;'atc. The i;iiari|- 
 i;ales are only ii-cd when repair- are heiiii;- made to the loi'k. They arc opi'iied ami clo-.d h\ iiir.iii- nt' 
 temporary lilo.k and tackle, operated hy a power capstan, liotli leaves of ihe upper i;iiari|-i;aie arc pm- 
 vided with \al\c-. w ith which to till the lo(4< after it has hceii piiinped out. The position- of t||,.-e 
 valves are shown at ( i. I''ii;-. 1. I'lale 7. The \alves arc w.U'ked with a hand wrciudi I'r. uii I he tnp ,,f ||||. 
 leal'. The loek can ''c tilled ilii'Miii^h the-e \aKes ill ahiiiii lUie hour. The details arc -leiwii in Fii;--. 2. 
 ■ 'i. •'> and 7. 1 'late 7. 
 
 The lea\ - (if the upper lo(d<-i;'ate and the Inwcr i;'iiard-L;'ate are the -anie a- thi-, except that they 
 liaxc nil vaUe-. 
 
 (Tl.VI'KTS. 
 
 'I'hc water is lei inlothe lock fl 1 culverts under the floor. These culvert- extend t'riilii the Will \ 
 
 ahove the upper l.i(d<-,u'ale lo the Well ^■ ahoVii the lower |o(d<-,e'ate. Fiu'. 2. I'late 1. Tlie\ aiv eiit nil' In. Ill 
 the well ^■ liy a I la ii-\ .'r-c Imlkhcad. -Imwii in Fi.i:'. >!. I'lale I. The water i- admitliil iiitu the iiiIm rl* 
 thniuj^h the well .\ , which i- covered with a e'ratiin;-. The twoculverl- arc -epai'aled hv the lii|ii;iliiiliiiiil 
 liiilkhead -howii in Fi-;-. 4. I'late I. Fach culvert is .s I'rrt -ipniiv. The lln.ir nf t he eiilv .rt- i- -iinilarln 
 that nf the hick, previoii-ly de-crihei|. Il i- shown in plan al W. Fii;-. .!. and in -cilinii al Fi--. 1. .1 ami 
 
 S. I'l: te I. The hulkhead and wall- are made of limher- 1 fool -,| >., I„,li,.d in-vlher and in tin im k 
 
 lioltoin, a.- shown in Fi.a. 4. I'lal.' 4. The inter.-tic.i:. het wecii the limlur- and the -oliij rmk air lillnl 
 
 W ith enllcrele. 
 
 The eoverine-of Ihe culvert- is the llnorof the lock. I 'lallks a IV holt ed hetween ll.e llah-M r-c 
 
 '''"'"''■- "'' ''"' I'"-!'- """!■ ^^Ik'I''' lli-'.v cm- the culvert-, -n a- lo Irave an even -iirfai n llie :in.|. r -hie 
 
 'I'"' fii'ililiile the lliiw nf water. Tin' watiu' pa-c- inln the li.i'k chamher tlirniiii'h ."iS apciHin- m Hn 
 
 I'"''" " '• -how II in Fiii-s. L'aiid ;!, I'lah' I. They are .•on-triicted a- fnllnw-: The plaiikiirj i- <■• :u' . i 
 
 for a -piic.i „\- 2 feel hy 4! feel. Thi- uncver- thre.' of the traii-ver-e timhei-. w hiidi are I'l ■, .j-ni. 
 
 '■'""''' ■'l"'i'"iie, thcrefoiv. , -1-t- nf thive part-, each .1 inch,- wide and J feel lone', milk _ ■!. inlal 
 
 aiva ;t sipiare feet, ami of the :,H apertiir.-, |7( „|, ,,,,.,. ,;,,,, -pi,;, ,,,,,.., ■„ i,„.,,,,„,,| ,,, |.,„ „|, ,.,,,, ,, ,, i,y 
 the maii-h.de- led in ih.. hulkhead at the lower end nf tl nivert-, and -how 11 in Fitf. S. I'liie 1. 'I'lie 
 
 '"'■'' '"■'■■' "''' ro--eclinn< ,,f 11,,. two culvert- i. \2X s.pialV leet Therefore' the a.. , nf tie' 
 
 inlet i-con-ideraldy hw. Hum that of II Hw. This leml- lo dimini-h the v dncil v nf the w i-.l W l,el, 
 
 projected upward- inln the lock cliamlier. 
 
 Tlnrc are two o|||,.r -hort eidverl- whid „m.et the well- V loid /. Fiu. .'. I'late I. Tl,.-i ml- 
 
 vcrl- arc al-n -eparaled hv a loiieitiidimil hulkhead. One culvert i- -how n in -cdinn al A. Fi-. >:. I'lMi I. 
 
41 
 
 Til.' WiiIiT. ill passlim' (lilt (if tllr lork. uo.'S (l.iwii llir.r.iu-li Ihr well ^■. wliirli is .•i.ViT.'i! willi ;i iri'iltillir. 
 tiu'ii.T ilir,Mij;'li riles,' -li.irr nilvei-ts iiml up tlinuiuli llu> well Z. Fiy'. :.'. I'latc 4. 'riic tl.mr. walls, liiill<- 
 lii'iiil. ami systfiii nf Imltiiig in tlioso (.■iilverts arc similar to tiic oiu's [iri'vioiislv iK'soribi'd. 
 
 FlLl.lXd AND KMi^'VIXd VAI^VKS, 
 
 'I'ho tilliiiir valves, ilmuio-li wliich the water enters llie loek. aiv two in iminlier, and are loeateil in 
 tlie well Jiist ali.ive tlie ii|i|iei- l..ek-i;ale. ami slmwii at A. A. Ki-s. li and 4, i'lali' •"). Kacli valve, wlu n 
 -lillt. e|..s,.s tlie elitraiiee tu line .if the eiilvert^. Kaeli valve is HI te,t wide and S feet dee|,. The 
 eiitrane.. to eaeli eulvert is al-o made In leet wide, as sh.iwn li\- the d.ittiMJ lines in Fiy. :;. I'latel. 
 When the valve is open it u'iv,- a rlear aperture u'reat.'r than the eross-si'etinn i>l' the euiveit. The 
 
 details ,,f the valves are shown in Kiu's. 1 and li. I'late Hi. A h.avv ii iVaiiie. shown at .1. Fii;'s, 1 and 
 
 :.'. riate in. is bolted to ihe wood work at the eiilvert. The a\le of the valve has a liearini;- in this ii'on 
 iVame. as sliowii at !>. V\i:. 1. I'late in. The aperture in the frame is ah.nit \ iiieh laru'er than the valve, 
 so a« t.i leave a space of [ iiu'li all around the edj;'es. 'I'lieiv are no stops on the frame. The vaKc' (when 
 detaehed from its eiiji'iiiel is tree to revolve oil its axis. The valves are made with east-inni axles and 
 tranies. to which a eovci'lnu' ot' lioih'r ii'on is bolted. 
 
 The i'liiptyiiii:- valves, throuc'li which the walei' escape- from the lo,-k. are two in niiniber and are 
 located in the \\,.ll JuM aliovc ihc lower lo.-k-uale. and are shown at A. .\. Kii;-s. 1 and o. I'late ."i. Their 
 .■oiisinietion is similar to that of the lilliiiL;- valves ju-t described. Kach culvert iscuiiph'tc in it -elf. bciiii;- 
 providcil with separate tillin-- and einptyiim- val\ c- and I'liuiiic-. If an accident should ..cur to one 
 
 cllhi'l't. or to its \alvcs or en!,'illcs. the other ellhcrt eollM -till he ll-cd. 
 
 MA( IIIXKKY K(U; ( tl'KltATlNC CATKS AND VAI.VKS. 
 
 The power i- ohtain.Ml from two turbines. Water i- hroii-'ht to thein throuu'li a -iipplv pipe from 
 the canal above the |o,k. They aiv u'eareil to a main shatt. .\ belt from the main shat't runs two force 
 pumps whiidi |iiimp water into an aci'umulator loadeil -o as to i;ive a prc-suie ot' about Il'h pounds to the 
 
 sipiare inch. Water i- taken from the a. ii ilator to the eni;iih - which open and c'losc the e'ates and 
 
 valves. Th.u-e afe lour irate eiic-ines. one lor each l,..if ,,f lb,, upper and lower lock --ate-, and four valve 
 eiiirilies. one for .'ach of the tillilij;' and einplyin-- valve-. Siich i- a ,i:-eneral oiitlinc ol'the train maehiiierv. 
 The detail- will tollow. 
 
 M.\( IIINi: 11(11 SR 
 
 'I'he machine hoii-e i- of -tone. It is -houn in elevation at 1 1, Fie-. I. I'hde 1. and in se.'ti.ui and 
 
 plan in Fii;'-. 1 and :i re-|.ecti ve|\ . j'hii, ,".. 'i'lieiv i- a cellar, croiind lloor ami iipp.'r ll ■, The main 
 
 -haft, accumulator, puinp-. etc. ^n-e , .n i he upper ll ■: the peii.-io.'k. dynamo. I. ,o|-i ,,. etc.. are lo.nie.l 
 
 "II '!"■ uMoiind tloor. and the pump for emptying- the |o,k i- in the cellar. The aecMiinulalor pa—e- from 
 the .cljar up throiicii the iip|ier tloor. 
 
 TiiMMNi-: sri'i'l.Y I'li'i: 
 
 The turbine -Upply pipe lie- on the -olllh -hie of the lock. The inlet is -hoWII at lb Fiu. I. Flalc 
 
 b and lb Fi--. J and 4. Hate .".. It i- aboiii 7 led In jou the -iirface o| the water mid i- co\ere,| u ith an 
 
 iron uraliiie-. 'rb,. i.n.|ier;d r-.' of the pipe i- -hou n b\ the dotted line- in Fi-. J. I'late b and i- iieue 
 
 detieitely -hown ill po-i!i,,n at r. C.l . \'\.j,,, |. J. :: and 1. I'late .-,. It ,11 r- the machine boii-e ,1- -|i..\m, 
 at 1 1, Fie-. :;. I'late ."..and the pen --to, k a- -hou n at F, Fi--. 1 and .:. I'late .".. and I ). h'i-. u'. I'lale », |i 
 ha- a eiit-oir xahe about !• t'eet from ihe inlet, -hown at 1 1. Fi-. I. I'lale .".. It- interior diaineiei 
 i- '■',''' iiichi -. 
 
 Tl l.'HINK hb'AFI' irilF. 
 
 ''"I" 'll-:d't tube leave, the pei,--toek.a- -houiial I' I'. Fiy. l'. I'late s. and Fie-. I. I'late O. The 
 
 '"" I''"'- ill''' II II ill. I il a- -houn b\ the I ha ted line- in |''ic: |, |'h,le ... .\ -eeli.Ul ..f III.. Iinil, ,1 tub,. 
 
 - -le.vM, at l\. Fiv. 1. I'lat. .".. Tin- :;'■ m lal . .eii-, of tl,.- .Iiaft tub.' i- -Icvn b.\ lb.' .b.tt..| Hn.- in Fi./. 
 ; I'a'e .-,. ami l..\ Fi,^-. J. Flat.' I. Tli.oiiile, i- -houn at F. Fi--. 1 .,nd .;. I 'l,,t.. ... .,nd at ( '. h'i-. I. I'lal. I. 
 
 Tl l.'F.IM.S WW MAIN Sil \FT 
 
 Tl'i. at.' tu.. :!(i.imh tuibin,-. Th.^v ale pbi.. .1 in tli.. p. n -to. k . ,h,,u n al F. FiiTv I ami :b 
 I'lii'i' ■''• I'li'l "I'll liiiii''' -lal.' ill Fii'-. 1. :.' ami •!. I'l.il,' ^. Th.' .■ompnt.M .ire.liv.. .■mu'i.n of tin- tuo 
 ule , I- . ond.iii.'.l 1- .'.11 Im.i-. p.iw, f. Th. ha ml u h.'.l-, t.u op. latinu tb.- tiirbin.' yat.- aiv sIm.h n al *i. <i. 
 
 Fiji's. I. -J. and 
 iii.u' til a tiniiii 
 pdw.'r flU' ..pe 
 and b.'lts in tl 
 
 The ac 
 .1, .1. Fiu's. I a 
 an. I lia\'.' thre 
 b.dt. iioth pi 
 tlieliiselves. 
 
 The p.ii 
 are i;'i\-en in V 
 The .■ylimh'r i 
 leiic'lb 124 ill 
 4II.!I4!I .■iibi,' i 
 HI. It .'arries 
 til.' i;-lli.les ('. I 
 house as show 
 sion ro.ls. sh.i' 
 ar.' .■ast-ir.iii p 
 sipiaiv imdi.'s. 
 Th.' water fro] 
 
 Wh.'ii t 
 piill.'vs aut.ini; 
 f.ir a pressure 
 
 Th.' po. 
 in Fin's II an. I 
 is \x inches, ill 
 iron hi'. I )iii'i'e 
 
 Tic pi- 
 shown in h'ii;- 
 
 Watcr i 
 of lb.' lylin.lcr 
 .'iie'in.'-i is -ho 
 shown at l\. F 
 
 Th.' .'I'.i 
 11 and 111. Till 
 aroiiml th.'iii a 
 Fiii'. :•. I'lal.' 7, 
 shown al 1,1, ill 
 r.'\ olulioii ot' tl 
 rope into the I 
 111. i- u-i d -im 
 
 Wh.n tl 
 spa.'.' four tiiii. 
 lli.'i'.'foi'.' I7ii.7 
 
 on 1 be pi-toll i' 
 of the call' i- > 
 make- w ith ill. 
 
 ."i..'.l:t I I-. 
 
 aiiiric- lo ihi' I. 
 
 ll i- -III. 
 on th.' -i.|.' n. 
 ii.'.'i'--ary I., w. 
 
 Ilan.l-p. 
 .•a-.' til.' val.' .' 
 
 Th.' loll 
 
41 
 
 ill ;i irrntinir. 
 walls, Imlk- 
 
 Fiii's. I. -2 Mini :>. I'hilc S, anil at (',.',. Kiu>. 1 anil :'). I'lalc .'>. liotli tiii'liiiics aro coniiccti'd liy spur a-oar- 
 iiii;- 111 a main ^-lial'l. as slmwn at II. II. Fius. -2 ami :!, I'lalc S, ami at II. II. Kiu's. t and 8. I'latf ;'), Tlio 
 |Mi\\ci' fill' (i|icratin,u- tlir ilitrci-rnt [larls iit'tlii' machiriiTy is taUi-n iVom tlio main shaft hv inuaiis of piiljovs 
 ami Ih'IIs in llic usual manniT. 
 
 re liiratfil in 
 \al\i'. win II 
 
 I ili'('|i. 'j'jlr 
 
 u'. ■•!. I'lalc 1. 
 
 uUrlt. The 
 
 Fiii's, 1 ami 
 in iliis iiMii 
 
 III llir \al\c, 
 \ ah (■ ( wln'ii 
 
 III axli's ami 
 
 iiliiT anil arr 
 
 itr .'i. 'I'llrir 
 
 il-i'lr. Iirilli;- 
 
 irrlir 1(1 mil' 
 
 ly |ii|u' iViim 
 IIS 1 Wii I'lircr 
 iiiimls 1(1 ilic 
 ic i;'ati'S anil 
 (1 I'diir val\ (■ 
 1 inai'liiiiiTV. 
 
 scctKui ami 
 
 'I'lir main 
 
 aiv ic. alcd 
 
 |ia--i'> iVnm 
 
 •■iu. I. I'lalc 
 iiil \\ itli an 
 and i- im lie 
 -1' a- -lidW h 
 I'lal.x. Il 
 i|' dialiicli'i 
 
 all- •>. I III' 
 llliili d 1 III II' 
 liiii'- in Kii!'. 
 J. I. I'lal. I. 
 
 t'v I ami .1. 
 i.f till' In. I 
 u n lit ( 1. t i. 
 
 ACCUMl LATOn ITMi' AND AC('l'.MlLA"( 
 
 Till' ari'uninlator ]iiim)is arc two in niunher. Tlicir |iiisitiiiii in tlu ;uao1iiiu' liouso is bIiowu at 
 .1, .1, Fiu's. 1 and :>. I'latr ."i. 'I'lii' details arc sliowii in I'iatc It. 'I'licy arc force (.uiiips with safety valves 
 and lia\c three iiliinui'i-s each. Tlie power which runs tlieiii i> transmitted from the main shaft witli a 
 
 licit, i'lolh pumps can he run will e tiirhiiical onc-ipiarter (;-ate. The drawiuifs sufliciently explain 
 
 themselves. 
 
 The position oi'the acciimnlaior in the maehiiic lioiisc is shown at K, Fitf. :i, I'hito 5. The detailn 
 arc ji-ivcn in Fi^s. -■! and 4, Plate in. It stands on a foiimlation of masonry not shown in the drawings. 
 The cylinder is >h(i\vn in partial scclioii at .\. Fij;-. o, Plate 10. lis interior diameter is )>] inclies and its 
 Iciicih JL't inches. The area of its cross-seciion is. therefore. :l4ii sf|uare inches, and its capacity is 
 4lt.:i41i ciihic inches, or l.S.Mt (;-allons. The plmiffcr is shown in partial cross-.scction at 15, Fig. 3, Plate 
 10. It cai'ries a Inavy cross-head, shown at F. F, Figs. :! and 4. Plate 10, which moves u]) and down on 
 the guides ('. C, ('. ('. Fig. :l. Plate 10. These guides are fastened to the iron girders of the machine 
 house as shown at D. Fig. :1. Plate 10. The weight case is snsiiendcd from the cross-head hy the suspen- 
 sion rods, shown at F. F. F. Fig. :1. Plate lo. The weights aiv shown at (!. Figs :! and 4. Plate 10, and 
 arc cast-iron plate- made to til llic weiglil case. Since the area of the cross section of the cylinder is 34<i 
 sipiare imdics, it reipiircs ilU.JOO pounds of weight to [irodiici' a pressure of :iOO pounds to the sipiarc inch. 
 The water from the acciimnhitor pumps eiitei'> ihc acciimnlaior at II. and leaves it at I, Fiir. :!, Plate 10. 
 
 When ihc acciiiiinlalor i- full, ihc hell-, which run the accmnnlator jninqis arc thrown on the loose 
 pulleys antonialically hy the apparalns shown at K. Figs :! and 4, Piatt' 10. The acciimuhitor was tested 
 tor a pressure of lioo poiimls to the Mpiare inch. For ordimiry use liiO pounds is sutlicient. 
 
 iiATK K\(!INi:8. 
 
 The position ot the four gate engines is ■^Ikiwii at .1. .1. .1. .1. I'"ig. '2. Plate 4. The details arc shown 
 in Figs II and lo. Plate 7. The cyrnnlcr i> -liown at I>. Figs. .s. !l and 10, Plate 7. (ts exterior diameter 
 is l-'^ inches, interior dianiclcr 1.1 inclic-. and its Icnglh ]:',2 inches. I'iach eiiii'liic ri'sts on a heavy cast- 
 iron hcd pi -hdUii at ('. ( '. Fig-. II and lo. I'hilc 7. 
 
 Th" pi-loll i< ddiiMc acliii;;-; llial i-. llie piston-rod projecl- t'roiii hoth ends of the i ylinder as 
 shown in h'ig-. 1. 2. -l and I. I'lal. .'i. 
 
 Water i- lalscii iiiiili'i|ii('--iiiv iVomllic acciimiilali r and i- admilled ihroiic'h pipes to either end 
 
 of the cylimlci'. aii(| ■■ iiil I'm||,',| \,\ hund miUc-. The -y-le f pipe- and vaUes (for hoth (;-ate and valve. 
 
 engine- 1 i- -h'H\ II in Fig-. H and Pi. Piaic 7. and i- -iillicieiil ly cNplaincd hy the di'a\yin!.''s. The apparatus 
 -li'iun at \\. \'"\'j:-. '.> and Pi. aiiloiiialically do-c- the \al\cs. 
 
 'I' he c|o-- heads at hoth cml- of the pi-lon-ri id ai'e const rm ■led with I wo sheaves as shown in E, Kijjs. 
 '■' and 10. There are Ihi'ce stationary -hea\c-. -Imu n at F. ti.aiid II. I""igs. !l ami |0. .V wire rope passes 
 ariiiind tlicin a- -liowii in the diauing. I Ine end i- I'a-lcned with an adjiistahlc -crew at I. as shown in 
 l'"ig. 1'. Plate 7. The oihci' end pa--i - if i\\ n I liidic^li lliewcli in the lock wall and around the drum 
 -houii at I,), ill Fig-. I. •_'. -'I and 1. Plate ■>. and i- attached to the leaf a- -Ikumi in Plate ,"i. The plane of 
 reMiliilioii (if the -hea\e K . Fjc-. '■> aiid Pi. I'lalc 7. i- iiicriiied Id the \iilical -ntlicii'iilU Id hriiii;- the wire 
 
 i-dpc iiild ill'' plane- dl ie\dlini I' the -li('a\( - F. I''ig-. '.I and |o. pjale 7. The -heave 1 1 . Fin's, il and 
 
 pi. i- n-i d -imply Id cliaiii;( the diieilidn nf the w iic inpe. 
 
 When tile en HI lie make- 11 -lldke I he el id d f I he W 1 1'c I'dpl '. W ll i (' 1 1 i- allacliell to I lie lea f 1 IIOVl'S o VlT 11 
 
 space four limes a- great a- the leiit^ih df the -ii'dkc 'I'he diameter dl ihe pi-idn is l.'i inclic-. its area is 
 ihcrcl'die 170.7 sipiarc iiiclie-. When there i- a pi'e--iii'i' of l'OO pdiiml- per -ipiare incli. the tutal pressure 
 
 I'll the pi -tell i- :;.'i.:;tii I ml-, and the I "I a I pull "ii ll ml cf the w iie icpe w liieh i- allaehed to the leaf 
 
 "I illegal'' i- >*,*>. "i'"i pdiiii'l- lie— lii'lidii and rigidity ot ropei. The -mallc-t angle which the wire rope 
 make- with the plane el' the leaf i- ."I'S degree-. Thcrefdrc the ha-l rc-iillant at right iinu'lcs to (he leaf is 
 
 ."i.'lpi pdund-, Winn a pii--iii'e dl 120 pi 1- i- n-ed mi llie gaO' eiigini' the least resiillaill at riu'lil 
 
 alie-lc- to the leal i- :l,10l pdiind-. 
 
 It i- -lio\s n in I'lalc .1, ihal the uiie rope at the upper nr Uc-teni end of an engine iipcns the leaf 
 
 "II the -ide male-l the engine; ihewill tiipe al llie "lller end elo-e- the oppiisil,. 1,..|C, Tllismilkcs It 
 
 iii'ie—ary In vvmk lln I u d engine- -iiiiultaiiedii-l\ . 
 
 Hand p.'Uci' cap-laii-. -ImH n at I. Fig-. I. 2. :1 ami I. Plat.' :>. and Fie. |(i, |'|,|(,, ;_ ,.,111 he used in 
 
 ca-e the gale I'llgille- ale lli-ahli'd. 
 
 The Idiir n-ale eiiu-iiie- ai'e -imilar. 
 
— 42 
 
 FILIJNCi AND EMPTYING VALAK ENGINES. 
 
 'I'lu' iKisitiiHi of tlio onj^'iru's wliii-h oporiito tlic tilling and fmiityinj; valvi.'s is nliown at L, L, Kigs. 
 
 I, -2. ■■', and 4, I Mall' .'). 
 
 'I'lic iK'tails arc shown at 1,2 and J"), Platf 10, Kacli onttinc is suii|H>rti'd \>y a lu-avy oast-iron t'ranie 
 shown at I. Fins. 1,2 and .'>, I'latf ID. Tlic rvlindcrs arc shown at F, F, Fiirs. 1, 2 and ;'>, I'late 10. 
 Water, midci' [iri'ssni'c Ironi the accuniulatoi'. is admitted tiii'oiinh |ii|ies to cither end of tin.' eylindor, and 
 eontrcdled Uy liand valves. The valves are shown in Fitrs. !l ami 10, I'late 7. The jiipes are shown in 
 Fitfs. 1 an<l 2. Plate 10. Fiirs 1' ami 10, Plate 7. and Fijrs. 1. 2, :! and 4, i'late •'>. Tiie inter! >r diameter of 
 the cvlinder is 1.') inehes. therefore when tlu' pressure is 200 |ioiinds to tin' sipiare ineh, the force of tlic 
 piston is •").'), :!40 |ioiiuds. The piston rod is shown at F, K, Fij^s. I and 2, Plate 10. Tlie pitman is siiown at 
 
 II. II. Fiirs. 1 and 2, i'late 10. ( >nc cm I is attaciied to the cross-liead, and the other to a iuu' on the valve, 
 wliich is sliown at (i. I'"ii;s. 1 and 2, I'late 10. Tlic liii;- is used to avoid approachinn' too near tlie dead 
 point wliile the valves (l)y one fuii strcd\e of the piston) are licini;' revolved tliionu'li 00 <icu-|'ecs of are. 
 Till' four eniptyiiiL'; and tillinu: valve eiiyincs arc alike. 
 
 PIMP FOi! IvMPTYINt; l-OCK. 
 
 Tile pump which empties tlic lock is |ilaccd in the ccilai' of the machine house, and is shown in 
 position at T, Fiu's. I and :>, Plate •"). It is a ceiitrifiiual, and is run liy a licit eoiiiicetcd with tlie main 
 slialt. as shown in llie drawinii's. It is ahoiil M feel Ik'Iow the siirlacc of the water. Wlicii the water is 
 to lie piimpcil out of the lock, tlic triiard-irates ahovc and hclow it are closed, anil the orifice shown at 
 ( >. Fie'. 1. i'late .'(. is also closed. At first the water enters the pump throiiirli the orifice shown at M, and 
 is dix'harii'cd tlii'oiii;|i the orifice shown at N, Fitr. 1, Plate "i. Tlic positiiui of the disciiarilc pipe is shown 
 liy the ilotti'd lines. Fijrs. 1 and U, Plate .j. When the water has liccn pumped out so that its surface is 
 liclow the orifice O, a suction ]iipe is attached, as sliown hy dotted liius in Fitj. :i, Plate 5. This pipi' 
 extends 2n feel horizontally from tlie wall, and then h-ocs down to the liottom of the culvert at the point 
 1', Fill'. :'>. Plati- ."). The oritiee at M, FiiT- I. Plate "i, is closed with a metal plate. The suction pipe, wiicn 
 in use. is supported on temporary trestles, and when not in iisi' is entirely removed from the lock. Tlu! 
 diaiin'tci' of the siielion pipe is 111 inches. The full power of' horh tiirhincs is used on tliis pump. It will 
 pump the water out of the lock so as to lower the siirt'ace 1 foot per lioiir until the Hoor is reached, 
 iiclou ihi>. depth it~ eHeetive wiH'k fiipidlv diliiitiislies, iuid the limit of its capacity is reached when the 
 wali'i' ill the ciiUcrt is lowered to a di'pth of 2j feet. 
 
 THE DYNAMO. 
 
 'I"hc dynamo for the electrii' lin'hts. used in liii'litinu' the loeks. is shown at li. I'"i.!:'s. 1 and •'!, Plate 
 ."i. 1 1 i- a In-aiT-lieht iiiachiiic o|' the " |{rii>h " patent, it is run hy a licit from the main shaft, as shown 
 
 in the drawill;;-. The I'olcc I'i'iplircd is eie-ht hcU'se-poWer. 
 
 THE POWI']!! CAI'ST.W. 
 
 The p.iwiM' .'ap-taii i- on the lock wall near the macliiiie house. It is run hv liclts from the main 
 >liaft. 'I'lic lieh- and piilley> arc >howii at S. Fii;-. I. Plate 'i, and in Fish's I and 2. Plate S. The capstan 
 
42 
 
 'H iis shown at li, L, Figs. 
 
 is used for warping vessels into and out of the lock. A system of lines and snatch-blocks exteinU ainmid 
 the lock, so that vessels can be warped in from either end and to either side. 
 
 y ii heavy cast-iron frame 
 ifrs. 1, -2 and .'), Plate 10. 
 • end of the eylitider, and 
 Tin' [lifii's are shown in 
 The interior diameter of 
 rt' inch, the force of the 
 The pitman is shown at 
 her to a liifi' on the valve, 
 iieliinii' too near the dead 
 iroiiii'h !KI (le"-ri'es of arc. 
 
 le honse, and is shown in 
 •onnecfed with the main 
 Iter. When the water is 
 iin<l the oritice shown at 
 I' oritice shown at M, and 
 e disoharfce iiijie is shown 
 int so that its snrface is 
 !>;•. .'i, I'late ;'). This pipt' 
 t' the culvert at the point 
 The suction pipe, when 
 ived from the lock. The 
 led on this pump. It will 
 until the floor is reached, 
 icitv is reached when the 
 
 It K. Fins. 1 and •{. I'late 
 the main shaft, as shown 
 
 1 by lielts from the main 
 •J, I'late S. The capstan 
 
 MOVABLE DAM. 
 
 The movable dam is designed to check the flow of water so that the upper guard-gnates run be 
 closed in case the lock-gates are accidentally carried away. 
 
 It is about 3,000 feet above the locks. Its location is shown at G, Sketch 2, Plate 2. It ( <insi8ts 
 of an ordinary swing-bridge, one end of which can be swung across the canal. A series of wickrts are 
 suspended side by side from a horizontal truss hung beneath the bridge, ami abutting, at either cml (ulion 
 the bridge is closed), against heavy butters securely anchored to the masonry, as shown in Figs. 1,2.4 and 
 5, Plate 11, and Fig. 1, Plate 12. One end of each wicket can be let down until it rests against a sill in 
 the bottom of the canal. When the wickets are all down they form a vertical bulkhead or (huii. The 
 details are given in Plates 11 and 12. The tru.ss and revolving apparatus are similar to many swing. 
 bridges in common use. They are shown in Plate 11, and do not require further description. The 
 wickets arc 2;i in number, and are shown in Fig. 1, Plate 11. Each wicket is sui)ported in an iiun tiame. 
 Several arc .shown in Plate 12. The one at G, G, F'igs. 1 and 2, Plate 12, will be taken as an exaMijile. 
 The wicket is made of several pie(U's of timber, as shown in the drawing. It turns on an a.\le at II, Fiir, 
 
 I, i'late 12, and is let down ami drawn uii by chains at each end, as shown at I, Fig. 1, I'late k'. The 
 wickt't frame is suspemled at one end and turns about the shaft shown at J, Fig. 1, Plate 12. 
 
 The windlasses on which the cables are wound, shown at K, . . . . K, Figs. 1 and 2, Plate 12, 
 They are all provided with pawls and friction brakes. A wicket fully drawn up is shown at L. aiuither 
 in tlie act of dropping into position is show at G, and another after it has been dropped, and tlie upper 
 end drawn into place is shown at M, Figs. 1 and 2, Plate 12. 
 
 In dropiiing a wicket the down-steam end is first let go until it strikes the water, the np-streaiii 
 eml is then let go by the run, and the frame swings down until this en(i strikes the sill, the wicket Iviiii' 
 horizontally in the water and prescTiting only its end surface to the current. The wicket is then iliawii 
 into a vertical position by the chain at its down-stream end. After the wickets are in position tlieie 
 remains a s[iacc of 1-inch between the wicket frames as shown in Fig. 2, Plate 12. The a.xle shown at 
 
 II, Fi,ir. 1, Plate 12, is so placed as to leave the pressure of water on the upper and lower jiarts of the 
 wicket nearly equal. 
 
 The hoisting chains have been replaced by IJ-inch wire rope. 
 
 The bottom of the canal under the movable dam is covered with a floor, sections of wliieli are 
 shown at N, X, Figs. 1 and 2, Plate 12. The construction of the floor is similar to that of the lork |iie- 
 viously described. The concrete is not shown in the drawings. The sill is shown at U, Figs, 1 and 2, 
 Plate 12. There is a second sill, not shown in the drawings, which can be used in case a cott'ei-dain is 
 necessary. The dead weight on the truss, due to the wickets and frames, is l.tiOO pounds per riiiunn!; 
 foot. This is counterpoised by brick work at the o{)posite end of the truss. The girders whiili sn|i|iiiif 
 the brick work are shown at C, . . . . C-', Fig. 1, Plate 11, and sections of brick work are shown in Fij.'s. 
 :! and 4, I'late 12. The lateral pressure, due to the pressure of water against ihe tvickets, is .•!.4iio pounds 
 pi'i' runninir foot. 
 
Vr- 
 
 a p 
 
 DETAILED DRA\ 
 
 or 
 
 f* 
 
 ST. MARYS FALLS 
 
 MlCHIGAl 
 
 Mad<' iindcf Hm» dirfcfid 
 
 Liout.(^>l. (;o|)FHKY \V 
 Major F.r.FAHQrHAli and liiei 
 
 Corps ol* Kn^iiKMM's U.i 
 
 l.v 
 
 \v.(\ sAi i:h, 
 
 ir,<s2-H '1.. 
 
m*saHm s!SXB.iLi« s 
 
 ■ED DRAWINGS 
 
 of 
 
 LLS CANAL &LOCKS. 
 
 ICHIGAN. 
 
 iiTicJtM" l\\t' <1 i r<M'l ion oi' 
 
 ;o|)FHKY WKITZKI., 
 
 IIA1{ and Iiieut.(^<>l. O.M.POK, 
 
 r KjiUiiuMM\s U.S.Arniv, 
 
 l.v 
 
 \v. (\ SAri:H , 
 
44. 
 
 ■% 
 
 
 ■' ■ / ' 
 
 1 \ ■•-, 
 
 V.' £ 
 
 '*^4 
 
 ST. MAKY'S UIVKII 
 
 in iMMiiinrlfii with 
 
 I, .'.HI': SIIM'.llIDIi aiul I.AKK lU'lKlV. 
 
 
 
 
 ST. MARY'S HIVKK 
 FKOiM WAISRA lUY TO MUD LAKE. 
 
 St*aIo. 
 

 Platf^ L 
 
 
'^.MARY'S FALLS CANAL. 
 
 ',■ T 
 
 BEFORE 
 IMPROVEMENTS 
 
 WERE COMMENT r.L»r:// 
 
 1870. ^'' 
 
 /■■'^■-:r. 
 
 

 ?^i^l^^'^^=^- 
 
 si:( ri't.ws. 
 
 
 rhi'Hi^h i'/h h.iirfh (uttnu/ 
 
 (i«ui»'rul IStalf 
 
 Sriilt' I'mj- (IioHf* kSrt'tmnN 
 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 
 
 - '. i. ^ ■. i. I. 
 

 sl 
 
 ST. MARYS FALLS CANAL. 
 
 THE OLI 
 
 
 Pfiii 1 1 1,1 I I , 
 
 UotailS 
 
 
 IgtSBSSi 
 
 ■ ^,x;' m . 
 
 
 :.^& 
 
 V .^ - ^ 
 
 ■r^^ '■ • -' '•■ ■■ ^^ ^ -'^""^ --.ru. :•■:•(.'. ^:iV.'^ . ; -^ 
 
 Elevation ol ; 
 tind Iion^itu<Jiual 
 
 |^,^.-X^ 
 
 V , ^ Seetioa on C-l>. 
 
 "^ 
 
 S ~M'~' 
 
 5 
 
 — *T- '^M- 
 
 M! i 
 
riu(v ,i. 
 
 THE OLD LOCKS. 
 
 ( IRS3-18&&.I 
 
 *'n)Mor»l Sr.ule. 
 
 I T , -n , , T , - i i n . - -nT- i r-T-rr-nr 
 
 .ll.A!A. i-i.Ji-,^ 
 
 ¥xi 
 
 D<?tiiil Sraln. 
 
 ■.'i. ,;■ ICv ti.,'; .■.-:.'. .';':.i;-'.i-i'iS 
 
 BSBB 
 
 sapss: 
 
 41 7\ y\ 
 
 
 lilcvation of Smith Wall 
 and Jioni^Uudiual Section on A-B. 
 
 ^WA'^^ :.;:>.A:MXA:^ -::7m 
 
 B 
 
 DETAILS. 
 
ST. MARY'S FALLS CANAL. 
 
 KI.KVATION of SOl'TH WALL aiul LONCITUDINAI 
 
 T.-' O CJ" .□" U n 
 
 :in o a!. jx-^x:iix jj- -n': tcctaftci'.icnrri^^rr irt n n n 
 
 
 < i'.' _" "" " " . ' " . mmww I -t rnpriffiinP T- ' i i | - ■ mi 
 
 
 ritviefitJr^. 
 
 KiK 1. 
 
 Kitt.r. 
 
 SEfTloN ...I W S. 
 
 
 I'lK a. 
 
 sKciKtN on r r. 
 
 "^ ft^:-i^-'*^ 
 
 LVa.iinWiMiiiiaiw 
 
 o 
 
 (KOSS Si:( TION ..,, (ill IK. 
 
 m t • m r -• T*" '''til /'Inn 
 
 a I ■ ' ' ' 
 
 '^''^^S-0^ 
 
41. 
 
 Plate 4. 
 
 ILL atui LONGITUDINAL SKCTIOX ..., Al! <'I) KF 
 
 cTai-ni" :tnrnfea^:nV;ci;rri;-^ngiT:i'-ltn ;ri- ;n. -n: ri- .tt jrv -ri 'yt ^^ ;"'' "'I"!ij -' "ir" 
 
 
 
 wmm. 
 
 
 V. L. i !JBWIW Sa— I— 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i l^vUuA aiifl fl iMai .aw a^a^.JoW't ^^ 
 
 life.O. 
 
 >ss MX'iioN .„, on IK. 
 
 l''iv;.7. 
 CUnSS ShU rii>N ,,n 1,M \«>. 
 
 ill. .%v 11, (I flATK 1 Icsril 
 
Htm 
 
 ^ ^<. '^*^]kae> ^L aiv^ ^^ 
 
 48. 
 
 ST.MARY'S FALLS CANAL. 
 
 :i§=:i 
 
 lizhn 
 
 
 ' aiBiBiiiiMibiiJiliJaia i hjL TmfiaiaiL-in 
 
 T 
 
 iPM rmm 
 
 ^' '*^^^n^^w^^^^ni^B^^^^^^^fM^ 
 
 Plan 
 
 Fife .3. 
 
 1^' 
 
 V, 
 
 
 IM 
 
 
 TiH \jfl4?ti 1 
 
 £ 
 
 GENKKAI. PLAN 
 
 ()rr:HA'LiN(; ma(miim<:uy. 
 
 Sral.' 
 
 •■"■'''■ r ■ ■ 
 
 L^K\ . *..^AJ ■ 
 
 / :' 
 
 ^ 
 
 •*¥ 
 
 i 1 
 
ST. MARY'S FALLS CANAL 
 
 Fig3. 
 Section on A-B. 
 
 ^^:-^5*S^ 
 
 \J 
 
 — — ■ ■ -■ ' ■* " 
 
 
 -1 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 il 
 
 
 
 
 IV'I' 
 
 
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 tfi!if«i^^y^>£ii^i 
 
 rct-..^t3sSi5,^ia»i 
 
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 ';Mi(nM«>i)Aim||i(j 
 
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 K 
 
 '>!^- 
 
 Mgaa^ 
 
 TTTSRWSr 
 
 ^fl>^^^->r^'^E^- " "^^ '"^■' -^-'^^ ' 
 
 SOL TH LHAF OF J| 
 
 THK L.)WHK LOCK (lATK. 
 
 S<Hle. 
 
49. 
 
 Plate 6. 
 
 nM- 
 
 z-'-^ggEi^i^Mfa.. g^^gfe^;..:;.^ ii 
 
 ^^Sr^^if^'^-^'^-'^^r^^^ ^>v^-'-?a5f%'-.^r)f.ifefe~th^ y^j'---^^^f^e^^^^i±^f^'' 
 
 mm 
 
 
 I'liin. 
 
 |iai-,'f.^i«s* 
 
.so 
 
 ST.MARY'S FALLS CANAL. 
 
 ElevatioTi 
 
 Section on A-B. 
 
 epos a Section J 
 
 Fig. 7. 
 
 THE VALVKS. 
 
 (Detail. I 
 
ST. MARY'S FALLS CANAL. 
 
 inl l'il''viit piu Niid Sci'l i"ii oil A 1) ' 
 
 TrnniXK casixc; 
 AM) (;i:auix(;. 
 
 S,-:i|.- 
 
•y/. 
 
 Plate 8. 
 
sz. 
 
 ST. MARY'S FALLS CANAL 
 
 Kriint lOli-viilion 
 
 Bfrf 
 
 •SiTtion (111 K-l''.( Details 
 
 IB |f||i''|l | i ^n i M" ii' v ' ,T' "" "" ' . I ■: i . ;i ;iii i ! 
 
 *''i!:iJ*^':i:i'i'!!!fe^:i!r!!ii; 
 
 WA'< , .iy'v|:iv' f!ii;iai!?jliiiii iiiillpilHlii 
 
 ■Si'clioti fin C F). I>«-lnil» ' 
 
 W:- 
 
 \S7.- 
 
 
 F" 
 
 TIIK A( C IMl I.ATOH PI MPS, 
 
 ^ ' lIL-'l'l'i'l ' Pl . . M ] I 
 
 Driniln 
 
Piute .9. 
 
 r^niR 
 
 Side KlcvKlion 
 
 •s. 
 
 rian. 
 
 IjoiiCiUkIihuI Scclion oti A-H. 
 
 nn««aanKH 
 
ST.MAin'S FALLS CANAL, 
 
 10l<'VUllOIl. 
 
 ^^'^, 
 
 
 
 Tiu^: VALVi:s 
 
 AND VALVi: 1':n(;l\es 
 
 jjllfiiili UN II iiiiiiii II iiiiw^»i»ytwWf»i#^^«iWi' 
 
 ;■ I ;:;:,':,> .:;:ili;i';:''i.v.|. 
 
 tt\-^:^ ^:.'>'';'i!i:>;;>.,!>y''.J.. 
 
 ii'l I H i li iii T iii i iiiiiiii.ip.p 1^ 
 
 :ii :; ■■!■ 
 
 illilliiiliii^!:!'';::- i 
 
 J 'J,ljl J t I r 
 
 f ' '■' fr 
 
 S.nl-s 
 
 iv i u'»i mm*m 
 
 . »■<' ' W M», '-;,7,'.:r" 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 -i-->rf-'*=^T?^ 
 
18.^. 
 
54r 
 
 ST.MAKY'S FAT.LS CANAL. 
 
 i-i^.i. 
 
 ELEVATION of MOVAEl/E DAM and L( 
 
 IM.A 
 
 li'titnfti f'/tnni (irid /)ffi/thrnr//n.'i i\>r (^ftunlfr U'rufht 
 
 iiiiil 
 
 4 
 
 "^^ 
 \\\\ 
 
 TIIK MOVAIU.K DAM 
 
 S. iilf !oi- N.'i (I i -II . 
 
 I'ia.:t 
 
 SK« I'lnN ,>i, «:|1. 
 
 
ON of MOVABLE DAM and LON'OITl'DINA L SKCI'ION on AB. 
 
 Plate II . 
 
 PLAN 
 
 <».-U%„™ 
 
 SKC'I'ION <Mi (' 1>. 
 nViowirnt Arrmi^ciiicnl oC Wii'Kcls. 
 
 
 '■' .;\K 
 
 V ,- 
 
 ■ V • 
 m , 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 ■ I 
 
 • ■; 
 
 • h. 
 
 * !- - 
 
 KlUiN'l KI.KVATinN ..I' M ( »VAMI,K l».\M n 
 •SKcriuX ,,n K I''. 
 
 J 
 
zrr- 
 
 SmI-' I'',|i-viiIi"I 
 
 MOVAHIJ': DAM. 
 Al.'KANCMMIlN'l" Ul-^ NVK'Ki:'! S AM> . 
 
 ('nrN'i'i':i{\vi:i(;ii'i'. 
 
 I It' tT 1.- 1. H 
 
 ftrf-igut-^* fit 
 
 \iii;AN(;i:Mr 
 
33. 
 
 Snli- i;irviili"ii 
 
 I'ltj. I. 
 
 H 
 
 N 
 
 1': 
 
 , : 1 : ' L 
 
 
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 I'Mlhill Sr, l|,.r, M,| M I'-. 
 
 rizn 
 
 ] 
 
 
 .\iiiJANr.i:.Mi.;N'i' oi' ("<nN'n';h'vvi-:i(;irr. 
 
?«• 
 
 ST. MARY \S PAJ.LS CANAJ.. 
 
 Y — ™";r-»— rr -*^ ; ■ p-** — j— »— 'i . ** | " w 
 
 Outside Elovatioii (.' 
 
 I L,^^4.. 
 
 a;Til=- 
 
 —i~s-:^—±-W: 
 
 
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 (•...n.Till ^.iili'. 
 
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 IV-liuls 
 
 Plan. 
 
 
 r" 
 
 ihi 
 
 r 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 -r- 
 
 T 
 
 "^ 
 
 T 
 
 ; 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 ^ J. ... 
 
 
 1 
 
 ..j^ 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 1 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 L'liiiiit uil i nul tiiMtioii oil A-B. 
 
 2^ 
 
 :_r] 
 
 
 
 
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 "ulsi'li- KI<'valioii. ft 
 
 J -is: 
 
 :if-X.rir 
 
 
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 Hfrf •:■:■'■-*■ ■■■« 
 
 7ifhir-Tip-.i fi-t*^! • ••;■■■•T-I•-^^iTHft4--^i»i 
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 CH I 1! 
 
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 Snl'l'il Wl.'.ST I'IMIv' . 
 
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 1 
 
 IMiui. 
 
 A s:; 
 
 TT 
 
 -"yMyy - a- ' tt ^ 
 
 1 
 
 Ji 
 
 3 
 
 I...rii'ilu.lni;il S.-.'li..n on A K 
 
 »Tiir?i. 
 
 ■SP'Wn«»*i'«WW» ^WSPiBW^ 
 
Outside Elevalion (' 
 
 J < ■ , ., -^-^ ' ^ ' -^Ti --~^= — — — -f 
 
 '}->l--Kt',i^,|,g 
 
 t^d; 
 
 ^^^T^^O^^f^ 
 
 j_B_2!rnjif:><'- 
 
 ^=-—=^ — - 
 i - 1 " I 
 
 
 Plan. 
 
 
 -n 
 
 Sfi.lioii on 0-D. 
 
 StM-lion on E-F. 
 
 JSZ 
 
 Details. 
 
 "bi 
 
 [JL 
 
 /n Upper Course. 
 
 rj 
 
 it;ilu<llniil Section on A-B. 
 
 T_l 
 
 ur 
 
 .■,5i-,».5r. »- -■- 
 
 I ', .-■V - ■■ ^ t . , .r^.r2r^*)™., „.: _,.'....: 
 
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 ^^rati^. 
 
 ^T-, 
 
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 Except tapper and Lotver Cuuraea. 
 
 n 
 
 r" 
 
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 . -I o 
 
 nml H^llom 
 
 "TiJ^" 
 
 g^ roi^oj 
 
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 f^^- .<:.___4L ..-^.-. ^ 
 
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 li 
 
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 ilu.liMiil S.-.'li..n i.ri A H 
 
 
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 Front Kli'viiliiin ■ Sedion fni C-IJ. 
 
 Beta 
 
 -JJL 
 
 KJjr vg l ^n 
 
 t LIL 
 
 Upptr tw ro t ie* 
 
 "1j^ 
 
 ei 
 
 ol: 
 
 H^ml^n 
 
 Th ird tie fromjo^ 
 
 :x::j ^ 
 
 I ^ 
 
 ji.n^ 
 
 ■^1 
 3i 
 
 tSxf.ept upper three t'»*a- 
 
 ; ^ -<^ v; v T1 
 
 S'M'lidii on K K. Siv tinii oil GH. 
 
 P/aif 13