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1 ' ^ ■? • l1j ' %l ] r A CONDENSED HISTORY OF WITH Statistics from its foundation, 65 years, B. C, to the present time, inGluding correct clescnptioris of all principal buildings, monumsnts, and places of interest, in the Capital. B^Sr .A^I^THLTJE. ]yEI3SrGELA.TJID. LIST OF OBJECTS AND PLACES DESCRIBED. Cathedral, Notro-Daiuo. Palais Je Justico (or Cuurt Houso.) Palais dca Thoriuwg. Tho PantheDii, (Cliuroh Sto. flonoviovo.) Httol lies Iiivulii.Io's (a:ul tomlj of Xaj'O- Uqu.) EcoUe Milituiro. Chaiiips-de-SIiirs. Astrouomieal Obaorvatory. Arteaiun VVoH, (ut Grenellu.) The Catucoiiiba. Palais du Luxoiiiljourg. Gardou yf tho Luxembourg. Garden Mabille, (:i JSuunner report fur daiv.^ing.) The Gob'vdiiid Manufactory. The Tuilerics. The Louvio (Muaoums.) lIfte!-do-VUlu. Phicu de la Conoorde. Obelisk do Luxor. Cliami).s Elyseos. Arc de Triompho da I'Etoilo. Colunuo Vcndurae. Pa'.a'.s P.oyal. BiuliothCiiuG Nationalo. The Madehiine (Church.) Colouue ue Juillct, (iho Bastille.) p.:-,-.' Lii. (j:;iiiie (Cemetery.) Punt Xeiit' with the Statue of Henry IV, Tlie B'.ul^jviirdj. QXJEBEO : PRINTED AT "ilOllXI.Nii CHRONICLE" OFFICE. ^. / NOTE BY THE AUTHOB. Since the moment of the dimter at Sed»n, end tha anb- C..i.tal ol trance, and more recently the nprisino- of the rar.s.au. against the Prorirional GoTornmentpa^^ been the iocUs of interest to the world. Hence i^oZ^r :^^ "^-l^ed to put in readable form the pre^ateW / j£^,^^r^>r C ^ Pr^. ^r -r-c- The present is most respectfully inscribed to the author of " Maph Leaves,'' J. M. LeMOINE, President of the Literary and Historical Societt/ of Quebec . mmmmm A COiNDENSEi) HISTORY OF I Willis, Wit/i Slu/i.'-u'icr^frun) ih' fonndation, 55 //cr/rs, ij. C, to thv jire- sen! Ii'iitc, iiici/fi/iin>' rorrccl dr.i>^ of all ih-incipal bni/diiiio'', wonumi'iilii, a./t/ jj/accs of iitlcresl, ill III 'J. Ciiji/'fal. - -"C- -* t ^eB** • ♦■ - The pi'oseni snl»ject is not a new one ; ii hears man;" a luminous ivu\ irloriou.s. as \vc\l a« many a duTk and doomj^ paii-o in the history of tlie i.vreat cities oi" tlie. world. To-day it is the ma^^net drawing Iho altentiou oi' t]\c civilized na- tions. Such is thf Ci(y ol' i'ari;., tho Queen City of Europe. Notwithstanding its ver-r.t lamental)it! mi:< fortunes, w^c may unhe>-itati-n'i\y conTev upon it that majestic dignity, A^'itliovitin ihcr.'ast disparaging- the many claims of its co- lossal neiu'hhouv, the miiiiiiy metropolis of the British Empire, London! ov the other fair c.ipitals of Europe. When -\ve look back the liumher of years that have pa.ss- ed, over 2,000, its oric;in and that of its founders appears wrapped in complete ()l);=cnr^.ty. However, I will endeavor QH nearly as hi:^tory can sourh, io give an outline of its ex- istence, from its earlicf^fc moment to the present day. One of the sixty-four triljcs that formed the nations of Ancient G-aul, a wandering tri1>e, tool: possession by permission of the Druid!'., of one of the Islands on the river Seine, which to-day is the centre of the Capital, knovrn as " la Cite " or the City, by right of having been the nucleus of the ac- tual metropolis. Upoii this Island they built huts, which -0 — Served the doul)!*' i)iirposo oi' (Ivvt'lliiiys uiui ,slr()mi;hol(ls against the ncighbouvin^' tribes. To tliis fortress, as it may be termed, ihey ujivo the name of Li/te/ia, or " (Iwi'llini^ ol" the waters," to themselves Ihnl olTaiisii, a tide dt'liiuMl as a frontirr. Upon thi' confiuest ol' (laul l>y .Fulius (.'ii'sar ho found this tril)e established on iho Ishincl. Their means of communieation v ith the opposite side of Ihe river being- over two rouiih bridti''s, made of hug'e trunks of trees ; })oth ])anks of the river were th(Mi eovered witli marshes and gloomy forests. Ho found them particuhirly fierce and savage, living ehielly by hunting and fishing— a livc^lihood not much ruilike ihat of the J^ords of the (Jreat Western territories — the North American Indians. Tlieir progress in civilization was very slow, even the worship of the Roman Gods — which was attended with great pomp and solemnity, like some of the modes of worship of Ihe present day — with diiliculty superceded the human sacrifices of the Druids. However, ")00 years ol'lJoman supremacy, moidded the Barl)ariaus into comparative eivili/ation. From the period of the Koman invasion upwards for oUU years, but little title is recorded respi^cting the place, only that Julius Ctrsar convoked an assembly of the nations of Gaul the year following the hivasion, ")4 years B. C, but to no avail, and, that during the general rebellion of the (raellic na- tions, fjutetia, or Paris, was burned to prevent its falling again into the hands of the liomans. bul it sul)sequently came into their power with the rest of Gaul. The Gity rras then called Lutetia Parisiorum, and ol)tained political fran- chise, (at this period the city eoA'ered an area of only 36 acres.) A palace I'or municipal purposes was erected on the Island, and another on the south bank of the river, remains of which are still in existence, (known as the Pnhtifi des Thermes.) Two aqueducts were also constructed for the conveyance of the waters of the river to the palaces. Constantine and Gonstantius visited the city. Julian passed three winters in it. Valantinian issued several laws there, which are publiblu'd ill his codo. (Initiuii, lxi8 son. lost a battle uudor its walls, which cost him the Empire. Those are the only nota])l(^ incidents of thy avoIvcs, to such a degree that in 1466, under Louis Xi. iho malefactors of all countries Avere iiiAdted thither, as a sanctuary, Avith a. A'i<'\',' io r(>peoplino' the Capital. Notwithstanding these dreadful raA'agos, the population still numbered over 150,000 souls. Four years later, the art of printing Avas first introduced in the City, and a Post Oilico estccblished. From Louis XI, avc pass I I I ( f y I, — 9~ over a poriod of .")4 y' ^ ;*°"' ^llihU siege that Paris ever Jded ... this end. 'i'lY "^ ^kS Tarishad for years Buftered .vas that xvago'l h> thu, = ^ „,„y ^een reco.ni.od - *; >;« ;^ ^d others sent a.vay the.r of the citi^iens left '« ' „ ^^^O persons iem»>n°* ^•ivesaud children hut r*'".;;'o„ly numbered 15,000 .vithiu the avails. Henrys h«e^;°J^,^ ,„ake a general „en, and he was therelove ar too ^^ ^^^ ^^^ assault. His only ---"^^..^ '^, ^ len-.thened period had ,ityby fanune. Xo ^r i.":^ ver'e soon plunged into teen aocumulatea, and the ", "™ ^j p„i, eamc nobly the horrors of starvation. ^ u^u» > ^^^^^ .-^e Priests to the reseuo, and d,d -' ^'^a^ co« ,,^,,5,, g^e away ,n«lded down "-• *"*/ ;.i g .nuUitude. But prov- Iheir jewels to rclK■^e th sta . = ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ „^,^ sions eould not he ^^"f^'^^^ . ,,hat followed is told notahvaystheeamvalentol ood^ ^^ .^ ^^^ Vith ahuos. revoldna »" "^ "^^^/^he waters of the ..Henriade," as l"""^)'^ . ™ ^^e fruits of the harvest, Seine, ceased to bear to hec ) ^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^j^ and .vhen hunger f'^f^^J^, „r death that foUow- atrd cruel, and pomtmg to «ur.a ^^^^^ ,.^.^,j_^,y ,,,il. „d in her train, then uiJ. '^^, .^^^, („„ „f un- lings, and th,s superb -»^;^ ™„,, „„a trembling voice, fortunate beings, Avhose leel.e ha, ^^_^^^^ ^^^^ demanded va.uly the -^^ ,„ ,„,. food, proved even the rich, alu.- I">" '^ " „pe,ionce of them, the pangs of hunger hy .1 , ' „„e could now n the ,:ry -i^^t «'' '^^'j:; ' ;:r reatures with pain, only look upon these saiuol't.,^ ^^^^ ^^^^ .^ Thev wer.- pal-' "i"' b->^S'""- . , j,, th,. bosom ol :ye;.andthev -■- 1-- -;; ' > :' ,;^,,. „,eless wealth, oi-trlanee, haung "", '' ^^^^^ ,■ '^ould also soon be term- Here an old man «> ""^^ ' ,.,i,a ,0 the tomb a victim nated l>y want, saw h,s son ca.ru _11_ ; the sue- ever years many their Lained 15,000 eueral ellious )d had ed into 3 nobly Priests 3 away t provi- old was is told in the i of the harvest, ets, pale it foUow- ful wail- ull of \vi- Ing voice, lOon, too, 1, proved of them, co\ild now with pain. 10 in their ' bosom of t»ss wealth. 11 be termi- ib a victim already to hunger. There an entire luniily porisliod in the frantic fury of starvation; and u^aiii, some unfortunate being-s, lying in the dust, still disput<'(l with their last breath for the odiou.s remains ot !hc vik-st aliments. Fam- ished spectres outraging nature sought nourislinient even in the cold bosom of the tomb, and prepartvl a horrible repast from the powdered bones of the deiid. But what will not man, reduced to the last extremity of misery at- tempt? Here we see them even nourishiiii,'- themselves with the ashes of their ancestors." From the eighth of ]\Iay, when the siege began, until the end of July, 30.000 persons perished of hunger. Henry himself pitied the besieged, and with a humanity truly IJoyal, allowed seA'eral thou- sands of the more helpless of the citizeiv., lo pass through his lines. This act of magnanimity did more to disarm his opponents than all the weapons of war ; and tJiough in a military point of view he failed in the sieu'e, he never- theless succeeded in securing tlie love and esteem [of the people which ultimately swayed the entire mition. Under his reign the projected improvements, and unlinislied ones of the former monarchs, were completed. AVe may now take a stride of ')■{ years, to the rei^n called - the Au- gustin age of France," that of Louis Xl\, who marks one of the greatest epochs in the History of I'"ranee. The most powerful minds — Poets, Philosophers, Dramatists, Divines, Sculptors, Painters, Archhects, iVc., — that the French can claim, lirst saAV litiht during that voluptuous age. During the leign of this miulity and l)iii'oted monarch, more than 100 new stre(>ts W(M'e o[)(^ned, while all the old ones were im[)roved and embellished. -I"] new darkness more visible.) '■« ■I - u , and ation g his ^valls nulled ected land- artin.) ^vhom »st not- A.ssera- le, and les, the neinent 11 oi the my iin-- rhig his t undor- 1' a lofty or yates, ^ot more Previous ■ks were on goods out, that I so as to imoiit to r<. These ' Imildiug' aeiiced in iiring nine uoonlig'ht. r ; ibrmer- 3pes hung -tors, oidy ro vi«ihhv) The latter years ol' this reign were perhaps the most dis- astrous in the hisfory of Franco. The ]iolitical agitations that culminated in the overthrow of the Kinir in 1793, and the subsequent reign, of terror, mark one of the gloomiest pag'es in the history^ oT Paris. Here arc some ol' the inci- dents of the eventful reign of this monarch. During the rejoicings in honor of his marriage, May oUth, 1770, a fatal accident was caused by the accidental discharge of lire- works, and the people taking a panic in consequence of carriages driving Ihrouu-h the crowd, 1,200 persons were trampled to death, and 2,001) otheis seriously injured, an ominous commencement of nuptial bonds, that were so cruelly seviTod by the guillotine 2S years after. The followinu" are a few ofthc^ details of that dreadful reign of terror; January 21st, l7i>o, Louis XVI was behead- ed ; July 17th, Charlotte Corday ; October 2iul, Ih-issot, one of the leading theorists ol" his lime, and 20 of his col- leagues; October 10th. jNfarie Antoinette, consort of Louis XVI; Novem])(>v ! lib. Louis Phiiippe Jose]»]i ]'>galite. Duke of Orleans. The following year. Marcli 24tli, 170-1. the nel)ertist.s. Maratists and (,)rleanisls ; April 8th. the Dantonists, includ- ing Danlon himselj* Camille Dumoulin and others; Ajiril IGth, the Atheits. composed ol" Chaumitte, Anacharsis, Clootz, the wives of Camille r)umoulin and oi^ TIebert ; May 12th, Princess Elizabeth Marie llelene of Fiance, sister of Louis XVl;.luly 2xth, Iiobespierre and his brother. Dumas St. .lust, and Couthon, meml)ers of the Committee of Public Safet\' Avith sev(M:il others: .lulv 2Uth, 70 mem- hers of the Commune de Paris, and July SOfh, 12 more numibers of the samt\ making S2 meni])ers of the city gov- ernment beheaded within 24 hours. These names art? only those who ligured conspicuously during the period. There are thousands wiiose names are not mentioned in history, though recorded in llie Municipal books of the city gov- Ill ij i! S / /.; — 14- ernmeut. These tig-ures will gixo an idea of the Reign of Terror in Paris alone, from the fatal hour of the execution of Louis XVI. At the Seminaire St. Firmin, !>1 rrie.stjswere murdered. The foUovvinj]^ is a oopy of a document referring to the above terrible slaughter : — " The Treasurer of the Com- mune is to pay to M. Gilbert Fetit 38 livres, for the time employed by himself and ihree comrades, in the despatch of the Priests of St. Firmin during two days — 4th Septem- ber, year IV. of Liberty, and Fst of Equality, pursuant to the requisition made to us by the section of Sans Culottes, who set them to work. — Signed, Tricout, Jerome Jjamark, Commissioner. Endorsed by B. Petit, his X mark." January 21st, 1792, to May 3rd, 17 '.>5, about 27 months and a-half over 2.800 persons were executed. The local history of Paris during that iov^ ]Ae period, is in fact the history of the Revolution itself. To give an outline, or the briefest summary of its history, would fill two vol- umes, therefore 1 will confine myself to mentioning the opening incident. An encounter between. Prince de Lam- besques Regiment aiid the people was the signal for the outbreak of the revolution, which was inaugurated by the destruction of that "Monument of iniquity the Bastille on the 14th of July, 1789. In May and June of the following- year it was demolished in pursuance of a decree of the National Assembly, and part of the materials were used in the construction of the Bridge de la Concorde. Many of the monuro.ents of the iuiddle aaes, Churches, Nunneries and Monasteries were destroyed during those political eruptions. Not until the advent ot the Great Napoleon did Paris begin to feel any change and in an incredibly short time, it assumed more than its former splendour. Grand projects of public utility were adopted and executed with unexampled celerity. Immense piles of unsightly buildings were demolisln?d in various parts of the city, for i! 15 eigu of ecutioii Ltdered. ^ to the e Com- le time lospatch Septem- •suant to Culottes, Lamark, ' months 'he local 1 fact the utline, or two vol- Diiing the i de Lam- al for the ed by the Bastille on following iree of the jre used in Many of Nunneries ie political Napoleon incredibly splendour, id executed f unsightly the city, for the opening of new streets and squares, affording work to thousands of people, as well as improving the sanitary con- dition of the Capital. Fifteen new public fountains (the total number of public fountains at present is 240, besides there are 1844 water-plugs, which are turned on daily during three hours, for public use and the cleaning of street gutters and sewers,) three new bridges and five pub- lic slaughter-houses alone costing $;5,303,»JOO. An immense granary of reserve, and a new canal for the l)etter supply of water to the city were completed. There are at present four acqueducts and six reservoirs; 132 miles of water- • pipes supply the city. All the churches devastated during the revolution, were repaired and embellished. More than i;4,600,000 sterling were expended on the city, from the time of the Consulate, 1700, to the restoration of l.ouis XVIII, after the downfall of IJonaparte. At the restoration, Louis XVIII completed other pro- jected canals, constructed the Palace known as the Cham- ber of Deputies, built three more bridges, (the total number of bridges across the Seine, within the city, is 24) erected statues of all the Kings of France in different parts of the city. Three chapels w^ere also built, and the lighting and cleansing of the capital much improved. Under the follow- ing reign of Charles X, the city improvements were chiefly of an ecclesiastical character, excepting three new bridges. His reign was very short, of about five years' duration ter- minating in another revolution, that of 1830. The people of France being dissatisfied with the return of the Bour- bons through the aid of foreign bayonets, were not very warmly attached to Charles X, while imprudent acts of the Villele and rolignac Ministries increased their dissa- tisfaction. At the outbreak from the 2Tth, 28th and 29tn of July, 1830, up\vards of 4000 ])!nricades were erected, Notwithstanding the ohstinucy and gallant resistance of the Swiss Guards and Gendarmes, commanded by Marshal i»in^ v>«»--=f>»»*Bi»* ,ivMmj.--'»^^'vrK^nfu/^Mimit-^ i I IJ ( >' !! I ' f 1! — IG — Marinonl, ilic Kiiiu' \v;>s (li'ihroiicl, iind th"> younger Branch, naniod Ihc Drloaiis, callod to tin; Tlirono by tho people, ill the person ol" Ivouis Thilippo. Under tho reign of that Prince, improvenienls Avcre again resumed. The Gardens and I'ahice of the Tuilcries were much enlarged, the (juays widenned nud planted with liiu; trees, several bridges were built, and many new streets oj)ened. (The actual Ibrtilications were also begun aiid finished under this king. The City Hall quadrupled in size. Three churches, some commenced by Napoleon, were iinished. The Grand Square "de la Concorde" entirely remodelled, and the line " Obelisk of Luxor' reared in its centre. Other vast works were undertaken ibr the drainage of the streets ; gas was gencridly introduced throughout the Capital. (The lighting of Paris is eti'ect(MT ])y JOOo oil, and 11,000 gas lamps, fed by nearly 1,000,000 feet, of pipe supplying 15,470 cubic metres of gas. at a cost of iis;)7(),400 per year) and tho health and comfort of the inhabitants were more consulted in tho improved construction of private 1)uildings. Such was the apparent prosperity of Paris, at the end of 18 years of this reign, when again political bbmders l)rought about the memorable revolution of 1S48. Some brief particulars concerning that event cannot fe.i! to l)e of interest. In tho course of the niu'ht of Feby. :2.]rd. barricades had been erected in all the streets of the Metropolis. At 8 o'clock in the morning, M. Emile de (Jirardin, chief Editor of the Presse, arrived at the Tuileries, \vliere he foiind M. M. Thiers, Odillon ]>arrot, dv. liemusat, Duvergier de Hau- ranne, and Lamoriciere, apparently unconsoious of what was going on, Vfler a briei' consultation, these gentlemen hastily drew U|) a short proclamation, announcing the formation of a Thiers-liarrot Ministry, and the disohitiou of the Chamber of Dt^puties. M. de ire rdin immediately took it to the printing oliice of the Presse to get it printed. Ikit the Insurgoits wheji they learned its contents, ridiculed it, and would not tillow it. to be stuclc on the walls. M. de t t I ■HHi i younger ,0 by tho the reign ed. The enlarged, ;, several ed. (The led under :e. Three •e finished. emodcUcd, tre. Other the streets ; pital. (The 14,000 gas ying 15,470 ar) and tho e consulted ings. Such I oi" 18 years onght abont f particvilars •est. In the :^s had been At 8 o'clock Editor of the round M. M. iev de Hau- )ions of what ;se oentlemen nonncing the Lhe disolution II immediately M-el it printed, ^onts, ridicvded ^valls. M. de I — 17 — Gerardiii then ri'liuucd io the Tuileries, and having pre- viously iiilbrmed Marshal IJugeaml of Avhat had taken place, was ndiuitted into tlie royal Cahiiit't. The King- was in an arni-ehiiir near the window ; M. M. Thiers and Remnsat were leaning against the chimney — " What is the matter, jNI. de (Jirardin ':"' asked the Ivin-j;— "Sir(\" avus the answer, " your ^Majesty is losing most precious moments ; if a bold measure is not at once adopted, in one liour roy- alty will bo no more ?" These words conlirmed by .M. Merman, Editor of the CondUnlioncI, created unbounded astonishment. After a moment of desponding silence, the King said : " AVhat is to l)e don<> ?" '• Your Majesty must abdicate," answered M. de trirardin--'- Abdicate ?" "Yes Sire, and confer the regeucy on tho Duchess of Orleans, for the Duke of Nemours would not be accepted." The Iving then rose and said : '• entlemen do you wash mo to mount on horseback ?■' (moaning to tak(! command of the army against the people.) This w^as not approved ol; the Duke de Montpensier stepped forward and urged llu^ King to ;ii)- dicate. The King replied; '• 1 abdicate." "And is tho regency of the Duchess of Orleans accepted ?" asked M. de Girardin. At this moment tlie report of musketry began to be more distinctly h(>ard ; it became evident that the Tuileri(,vs might soon be attacked. '^ Go, go, M. de Girardin," exclaimed the King. M. de Girardin obeyed, and attempted to reach the office oi" the Prcsse, in order to have a proclamation print- ed with the greatest possible expedition. Ibit Jinding hi.s progress impeded l>y coiuitless barricades and dense crowds of armed people, he returned to the Tuileries. The entrance w^as thronged with persons wlio had repaired thither to h-arn the real state of alfair.-^. lie Avns recogniz- ed by a few, to whom he hurriedly connnunicated the im- portant mwvs of which he was lht> hearer; thiM'eupon they advised him to draw up the proclamation on the spot, which he did, and v,' rote several copies of it, which wore V I 9 1 1 1 i i i I ii; f — 18^ imiiii'diiilcly passed IVoiii hiind to iiMiid, and dt'spntohcd to be posk'd up. All this time the (li)ih' the Kinij: had sent ror^[avsli;d I'uueaud, ^vh() had b(M>n ready to take coininand oi' the city a lew hours pi'ovious; but the ^larshal told him frankly that the. time ibr repressiny' th(> insurrection had u'oju\ In the dismay Jbllowini^ such an announcement, the Jvoyal Family Aver(> alarmed by the incrcasinj^' sound ot musketry The deloU(b'rs ol' the Cliiilcmi to the accession of the Count of J'aris to the throne. He lhcr(>fore gave orders not to oll'er any resistance to tlie pi^ople, A few minutes after- wards, the excited ]nultiru(h' penetrated into the Court. The Kin 2- resolved UY>on llig-ht, and the monarchy of ]8o0 was no moi-e. A lew^ random shots were lired from the ranks of the insurijiMiis. one} of whicli laid a vounir aid-de- camp, who ha nsi 11 lav|>v cd iimuic'i- AUhoiiii'h , and iivtil- •ourt; ol' llu^ lliciv itssisl- il lUiii'oaud, city a few raiikly that 111'. In the oyal Family a'try The ovcvcoinc, .• tho Tnih- .od, l)Ut tho 10 National surrcudered in iho hope )po.sition on le Count of lers not to nutes alter- the Court, chy oflSSO ed from the oung aid-de- s la.st order, irds, tho late ' the people, . While the \'oro tlms re- try masters a Lvrd'.'ii of the }s of the rue , could see a nioui'nfnl i)ioce.s,si())i Wfiidin^- ils \\x\\ aloii'/ ihr ,'xnulitM'ii terrace of the g'ardt'ii. 'fJK'Kinii', accompanied hy thcXiii- ional (!u;irds on horschack, iiiid al»oul lliiriy ollicev.s in uniform, emerged from the western li'ate, lemliuu' his riiilit arm to the (iueeii. IJolh wrre dressed in Mack. Ills suiti^ addi'essed (lie I'cw i)ersons oil ihr I'ldcr d. '\l. de Laniar- tine, however, mo\ed that the discussion should ])e conti- nued wdthoui the ]>resiMice of any m 'Uibers ol'ihe Royal Family. At this moment a sudden tumult was ji^ai'd out- side Two ]).'rsons hasily .snatched u[» the youuij,' I'rinces in their arms. Ibllowi'd ])V the Queen, who trieil to reach lirst, the door to the left, and nex:t, theci-ntral one, Init the [)assa!.^'(,' was crowdeil from without. The (,hieen and her p h i|!i!i- H J l»: 1^ \ I I 1 ■ ■; ^ Jii — 20 — cliildivii w^'iv ilit'ii compelled to ri'sunic ihcir scats, not- withstiViidiii^- the entreaties of the President to allow the iiUMube -.s oltlie royal raniily to h'ave the place. Au'ain tlu^ <.iuceii ;dteini)ti'd to de])art hy tiie central tlni»r, i)reeeded hy the 'Dukes ol' Nemours ami Montpensier, and auain she was stojjped and ()))lii>"ed to wit down witii her sons, on the uppermost l)eiich of the riu'ht centre. Tlio crowd of intru- ders was rapidly increasiu'j,'. iMessrs, ^larieand C^remieux spoke successively, denying' the power of the ('hand)er to change the law of the lii'^vncy, \vhich entrusted that im- portant charue lo the iJuko of Nemours, concludinc^ by proposing- the noiiiiuatio]i of a rrovisional Government. This was strenously opposed by 'My. Odilon Barrot, and the Qui'cn I'.ersi'ir, w'n) attempted to speak, but Avas hushed by her Inoid:;. A crowd of men now rusiied in. M. Le- dru-ltollin, ascendini;' tlie Tribruie, declared that J^ouis Phi- lipp(\ havinuabdicatedhisaut]iority,had ceased to])e Kin«^, and could nol transmit the Crown without an appeal to the ])eop|c tlrcat confusion herc^ ensiu'd, lasting about three hours. Meanwhile the (^ueen succeeded in making her escape v.'ilh her <'liildi'en. They retired to tlie lldtc/ ties Jjtrdlif'cs, and ijuitied Paris the nex.1 uiorninu'. The sci'ues heie deseribed elided, as is known, in the nomination of a Provisional ( level niiieiit, which installed itself at Hie llotel- (Ie.Yili.>. On the I'ollowiniv day a numerous party of rioters took posse^'sion of the Palace with loose girls making free with the ox-King's wine-cellar and provisions ; celebrating their orgies night am! day in the most sumptuous apartments. The ivoyal bed chamber was turned into a diiung-room, and, as miii'ht ]n^ exp(icted evorvthing belonging to the royal family, was made subservient to the will of those Lords of tli(^ hour. It was not till after the lapse of ten days, that the Provisional Governnumt felt itself suflicient- ly stronii- to turn them out b\ nuuu force. 1 need not I 'ills, not- ,llo\v the Au'iviii tho proci'ilt'd iiiiiviu slio us, on tho [ ot'iiitru- Cnnnicux iiiiiiibcr to (I thiit iiii- ludinjT V)y veviuneut. Dt, and tho as hushed 11. M. Lo- J.onis rhi- tobo Khv^, )poal to tho tbout throo iiakint,^ hor \ Hotel lies Tho scenes illation of a t Ihe llotol- riotors took n- free with )rating' their apartments, lining'-room, iti'ing to the vill oi' those lapse of ten df suHicieut- 1 need not — 21 — dwell any lony^r (tii these pul)li<' caUiniities, sulliee it to say, tho sudden clianu'e iVoni h'oyally lo Kepul)lieanisni <.^(>nerated a series of public misfortunes, whii'li oiici' m<»re eiiectually put a stop lo all improvenu'nts. In 1S4!> Ihe rava^-es lionimitted by the Cholera, at last roused the 1m>- publican (loveniuicnl io a conx idioii, llial the heallh of th(^ Metropolis ]T(iuir('d llic c):*-!'!!!!')!! of works ofi)ubli(! utility whii'h hillievto hiul been lost siy'ht of, in the thirst for mere ma^nilicenee. They at last agreed to share uith the City Clovernment flic t'\'i)i'use of prolon'j'ini;' some ol the great thoroughfares, through the thickly populated por- tions of the city. The Jiue (le Jvivt»li a i)roject which had long slumbered in the [)ortlblios of the City Engineers, \vas one ol Ihem. and ihe buildim;' of the central market halls caused the clearing ofmanylilthy lanes and over-crowded tenement houses, was also in (he iirw ])lans — tin' city contracting a loan of ■!? 10,000,000 4o carry out the gigantic undertakinu's, AvUidi lor a iime satislied the cravings of thousands of Avork ])i'ople. The events following from 1818 lo Deceiubei' -Iwd, IS.'iI, causing Ihc overthrow of Ihe Tlepuldic and the procuimalion imIIi-' l'hiii)ire being still fresh in our minds, AVi> may ])a,ss ili'>m ov^'r. (The amount of damages paid ])y tie.' city. U) e(»mpensaie for the destruc- tion of ])rop('rty in I'aris during that eventful i).'riod. was o,r)l)S,(iir> francs, or i^l,n'.>,72:5 ) tSincelhat period, however, and especially under Napoleon 111., the execution of W(n'ks of public utility. pro( coded "with unparalleled activity. The ]vU0 do Rivoli v>-as extended to a junction Avith the Rue St. jVnloine, a d;st;!nei> (d* nearly a mile and adialf. (The cost of extending this street to its present limits was over 90,000,000 francs, or about ^^18,000,00(1. CTl iillhy lonement house.s Avere (b'mo!i->lied, wldle hundreds of dark and crooked lanes ^vere cleared, as well as many historical buildhiu's, among which ihe Uolfd d'AnJou, inhabited in the 14th century by Louis IT., Didce ol'Aiijou, and King ofNap]es,Si<'ily and Aragon. Two hotels (the term hotel p I ill 'I VI ! !! < I ; H :: I 1 f 1 •').-) ill French meaniiiu' privutc iiuuisioii,) tlit' property of Jacques de ljouil)on, Coushible of France, and inhabited by BLineh(> de Navarre iu ]•■!!• I.) TJie Ijoulevai'd of Stras- ))ourg', and the Ijoukjvard de tSebaslii])o], two i>;reat arter- ies, the iornun- on the north, the kitti>r on the south side of the city, forming- a continuous thorouahfare, extending" over three mik^s jroni the Strasbourg- Jiailvvay (Station on paraHel limits ^vith the liiqx'rinl Observatory. A rail- way was constructed encircling- aljout one-third of the city, connecting all ihc other railway stations with one another. This railway, l)esides diminishing the encumbrance, caused in the streets of I'aris by the convej'ance of goods, also diminishes the cost of con- veyance 20 per cent. Its entire length is ahout eleven miles, comprising two tunnels, one bridge over the Seine, 20 viaducts above roads, (juays, and canals, and 7 pass- ages below railways. Ths cost ^vas 12,000,000 francs or $2,-400,000. The central market halls, covering an area of lo acres were compk'ted. The extensive Ijuildings ot the Louvre, comprising twnty-lhree diilereut Museums, were entirely furnished at a cost of $:>!.l,000,000. (The space covered by these ediiices which are connected with the palace of tke Tuileries, toy-ethev with the palace gardens, is about sixty acres), nearly double the extent of I'aris under the liomans belore Christ. Other works the mag)iitude of which bewilders thi>si' accustomed to the slow impro- vements of othei- cities, were commenced and uj:) to this last eventful year, mostly linished. During- this reign the Metroi)olis underv»"ent such radical changes, as were never eliected in any city of the world within the same i)eriod. It is indeed bewildering- to count the millions ui)on mil- lions that were expended under this reign, and how they were obtained, yet it was only by these unlimited expen- ditures, that Napok'on HI. could maintain his dynasty; at the same time feeding the eharacteristic vanity of thel'ari- ■ians and of the nation, until his collai)se at Sedan. To 28 [)erty ol' bited by jI' Stnis- tat arter- b. side of ing over tion on A rail- 1 of the us Avitli ling the by the , of con- t ehn-en 10 Seine, d 7 pass- francs or m area of igs ot the ins, Avere fhe space with the •ardens, is , iris under luignitudo »w impro- up to this s reign the vere never me period. upon niil- hovv they ;ed expen- y nasty ; at of the I'ari- khUiu. To enumerate all the clianges that Paris und('r\veni during his reign (10 ynjoyment of their wild notions we find \]u' stupendous j'abric, of the Cnlhrdral Church of Noire Dnnir. The precise dates of this splendid ediiic<> as regards its oi'iginnl foundation, and even some of its principal reconstructions and repairs, have never been accurately known. It is sui)],)osed that on the site of the Koman temple, ms Ix'fore nientioiUMl, a church dedicated to St. Stephen, \\ ;is erected about the year A.D. ;!»)."), ill the time of \';ilentiniini i. 'fhis was cularu'cd or rebuilt l>y Childebert, son ofl'lovis, about the year .")i':i A.I)., as is spoken of by Forlunatus, Ijishop ol Poitiers, who says that ««< f^^ 1,' ]\ :■, s t :i • ( ■ >■ '\l ■I 1 ; ii M 13 > } i ! ! ' < ■■ !!! ? — 24 — it contained tliiriy colunins. ^' Terderein on/n/a rolmum'sy Kobert.. son ol' lln'h altar consecrated, 'i'hree years lal'^v I lentclius. j'atriarchor.Teru- saleni, ^vhroportionate height. Total length of the buildi' 00 feet, width 128 feet, len.gth of the transepts 144 ieet, Jieight oI' th(^ roof 132 feet. The weis'ht of lead which it suj)])orts has been calculated at 420,240 lbs. The foundations arc laid 18 feci below the soil on a hard stratum of gravel. The interior consists of a]iaA'(^ and choir, with dottble aisles and lateral chapels. The length of ti.e nave is 225 i'eot Height of ceiling 102 feci. An immense A'a.vdt extending the entire length of Ihe nave was built, in li!'!!! for the interment of the Canons, Chaplains, Clioristers, iVc, oT the Cathedral, but lir as not been used since 1)uvial in chitrches was dis- continued (ITSO The lateral eliaptds were formerly re markable lor tlietr splendor, the walls beiiur covered with marble, and iinely carved wainscoting containing sumptu- ous tombs belonu'ina" to n OOl families. The Cathedral also boasts of one of thi^ llnesi, organs in hhirope, It is 45 feet in heiu'ht. -■)•) feel in breadth, and contains ;),4S4 building can acconunodate over oOfiOO people pip es. Th( On the north-western part oi' the sanu' Island, stands a vast ediiice, (I'alais d'-^ Justice, or City Hall), nearly six cen- 25 roliininis." istruction nn ono ol" )y ChilJe- al clmrch, high altar rhor.ToTU- d Cnisado, n tho hiter alterationt>, one of the iiral stylo, \ octagonal ; in height, oportionate Avidth 128 :ir the roof s has been laid 18 feet rhc interior and lateral Height of y the entire nterment of : Cathedral, i(>s was dis- Ibrmerly re- overed with iiig sumptu- \tlnMlral also , is 45 feet in pipes. The md, stands a early six cen- turies older than Notre Dame, which was used for public purposes long before the invasion of the FrauJis. The kings of France of the first race, resided in this Palace, and aIso those of the third, until about the end of the fourteenth century. During the various reigns, the building gradual- ly changed from the lioman to the mixed G-othic styles of the 14th century, as is noticeable on the northern front facing the river. In the old Roman Square tower, call- ed "La Tour de L'llorloge"' has been replaced the bell named " Tocsin du Palais," which repeated the signal from the church St. tJ-ermain L'Auxerrois, tor the Massacre of St, Bartholomew. The first large clock evei* seen in Paris, was constructed in 1 370, imder Charles V, and placed in this tower, whence its name. In this venerable relic of past ages, are generally held the several Courts of Justice — La Cour Imperial d'Ap- pel. Prefecture de Police, Cour d'Appel Correctionelle, Cour de Cassation, <&c., tSrc, the various offices of the ditterent Court and Police Departments, as well as that of the At- torney-Creneral. A portion of this building called the Cou» ciergerie, used to be a State Prison, when ihe Palace was a royal residence. This part of the Edifice still retains the character of the feudal times. It is now used only as a prison for persons during trial. Jn one of the cells of this prison, Marie Antoinette, Consort of Louis XVI, was detained until her execution ; here also are the dungeons where the unfortunate Priiicess Louisa Elizabeth, sister of Louis XVI, and Ivobespierre, were confined. The rooms in which Louis Napoleon was a prisoner after his exploit at Bonlogiie, were, during his reign, entirely al- tered, and made into a dwelling for one of the prison func- tionaries. This noted palace has several times been the theatre of dreadful nuissacres ; the most recent was on the 2nd and 3rd of September, 1792, when 289 persons wore slaughtered like sheep. 4 ^ n I: i 'i I H'l I : i • ' 1 i '! )] ,'H^S i Hi: — 26 — The Hotel Dieu. This is the most ancient hospital in Paris, dating from the 7th century. Philip Augustus, in 1180, was the Hrst King known to have been a beneliu'tor to it, and by him it was called " Maison de Dieu."' St. Louis (Louis IX), Henry IV, Louis XIII, Louis XIV, Louis XV and Louis XVI were considerable benefactors to the establishment, as well as many jDi'ivate individuals who have contributed to its enlargement and improvement by don* 'ions and lega- cies, amongst whom stands pre-eminent M. de Jlonthyon, who died in 1820. The remains of this celebrated phi- lanthropist are deposited beneath the pedestal of the main entrance. The general external appearance of the building bears nothing remarkable. West of this hospital is a bridge called " Le Petit Pont," at the head of which, daring the time of Louis, stood one of the principal gates of the city, defended by a small fort. A funny anecdote is related concerning this bridge, dating from St. Louis. It appears that, under the reign of that Saintly King, ladies had a strange partiality for small monkeys, as now sometimes exists for poodles, and spaniels, &c. The mania was so great that no fashionable lady would take a stroll across the bridge without her pet ani- mal, such was the fashion that the King deemed it wise to levy a toll on all monke^'^s taken across the bridge, (pedestrians, horses, carriages, &c.,then paid toll.) The law referring to this reads thus': "It is ordained that all mon- kej'^s for sale or otherwise, taken across this bridge, a toll of 4 deniers shall be paid by the owners, but if the owner be Joculateur or Juggler, he or she may saA'c the amount by making the monkey dance before the toll-t:iker. A ballad singer may also sing a song instead of paying toll." Hence the orig-in of the proverb, " Parjer en mo/inaie de sin^e.'' On the south shore, about 800 yards, stands the Palais DES Thebmes. This ancient building was onqe the vesid- m^ W' lating from \'as the first d by him it IX), Henry Louis XVI ishmciit, as )ntvibuted to IS uud loga- e Mouthy on, ebrated phi* of the main the building 'otit Pont," at stood one of a small fort, •idge, dating- reign of that ity for small and spaniels, hionable lady t hor pet ani- semcd it -wise s the bridge, oil.) The law [ that all mon- bridge, a toll t if the owner the amount by ker. A ballad y toll." Hence • de singed ds the Palais )nce the resid- — 27 — ence of the Roman G-ovcrnment of Graul, as well as of the kings of the lirst and second, or Merovinirian and Carlov- ingian races. It was in this Palace that Julian had fixed his residence when he was proclaimed Emperor by his troops in A.D. 360. The only perfect part of this palace re- maining, is a vast hall, formerly the fn'i^idar in in or chamber for cold baths. The dimensions of this hall, which is only one-fifth of the ancient palace, are, length 60 feet, width 35 feet, height 54 feet. In a large recess on the right of the same hall, is a cistern, 30 feet long, by 15 in breadth, its present bottom is about 4 feet lower than the floor of the frigida- rium ; opposite are throe nichos, with remains of water- pipes formerly communicating with subterranean sewers, for carrying off the waste water. The masonry is very peculiar ; the square stones and bricks of the walls are in some places covered with a coat of stucco, four and five inches thick. From this bath-room, a small room gives access to cellars (these cannot bo A'isited without a guide), which lead to the Te/ndan'uni or chamber for warm baths ; niches in which the bathing-tubs were placed are still A-isible. At the extremity of this, a flight of steps lead to the hj/pocauslum, a low A'aulted chamber, which con- tained the apparatus for warming water. Several subter- ranean passages still exist under some of the neighbouring buildings, the purpose of ^vhich is not known. From north to south under the palace extended an aqueduct, about two feet wide and one and a-half deep, lined with cement. The water that was used for these baths, was carried over an aqueduct seven miles in length, two arches of which still remain beyond the village of Arcueil, near the site of the modern aqueduct. This interesting monument of antiquity passed through many hands, and was alternately used as lofts and work- shops, when at last the Municipality of Paris purchased it with tlie adjoining Hotel de Cluny, transformmg- the pa- — 28 — laces into Museums for Roman Sculptavos, antiquities, &c. The Museums are open to the ii!,-eneral pu.^iic on Sundays only, from 11 a.m. to 4 pm. To strangers on every other day except Mondays : — Tuesdays and ^Saturdays are days for students. The Pantheon. & ^ >l W )! >J! ■-_fi(i-'"i'vl iri'* This magnificent edifice exemplifies the skill of the French architects under Louis XVI. From its associations, howe\'er, this building points rather to the times of the first republic. Close to the present spot, Clovis, at the solicita- tion of his Queen, Ste. Genevieve, built a church to the apostles Peter and Paul. To the church a religious com- munity was afterwards attached, and in progress of time it became a celebrated abbey. Ste. Genevieve was buried in it A. D. 512; it was thenceforward dedicated to her, and she became the patron Saint of Paris. The same church having fallen into ruins during the reign of Louis XV., that king was induced by Mme. de Pompadour to have a large and imposing one erected near the same site. Designs were presented by the architect Sutflot, which were accepted, and on the 6th of September. 17G4, the king laid the first stone of the church now called the Pantheon, though origi- nally named after that built by Clovis (Ste. Genevieve.) The exterior of the edifice is very imposing. Eleven steps lead from the side-walk to the portico, (these steps cover the entire breadth of the building, which presents a front of 6 fluted Corinthian columns (iO feet in height by 6 in diameter, together with 1 6 internal ones, support a triangular pediment 129 feet in breadth by 22 in height, which is filled with sculptured figures by David, representing France surrounded by, and dispensing honors to some of her illus- trious men. On the right of the figure of France are Fene- lon, Malesherbes, Mirabeau, Voltaire, Rousseau, Lafayette, Oarnot, Monge, Manuel and David (the painter). On thef — 2':> , antiquities, &c. i..iic on Sundays s on every other iturdays are days the skill of the )m its associations, times of the iirst ,'is, at the solicita- :, a church to the X a religious corn- progress of time it ieve was buried in :ated to her, and The same church .of Louis XV., that Dur to have a large site. Designs were ich were accepted, king laid the first theon, though origi- Ste. G-enevicve.) )sin"-. Eleven steps , (these steps cover ich presents a front , in height by 6 in support a triangular M"-ht, which is filled •epresenting France to some of her illus- of France are Fene- Rousseau, Lafayette, he painter). On the left ai3 figures representing soldiers of the French armies, with Napoleon in front. At the feet of France are seated History and Liberty inscribing the names of great men, and weaving crowns to reward them. The statue of France is 15 feet in height. On the frieze beneath, is the following inscription: "/lw.x- Grands Homnies, La Patrie Re.connais- sante" After the fall of Napoleon, this was obliterated, and a latin inscription substituted as follows : — D. O. M. Sub- invoe. S. Genovafae. Lnd. XV dicavit. Litd. XV 111. restituit. Since then the former was restored. The plan of the edifice approximates to a Crreek cross, 302 feet in length by 255 transverse ; from the centre springs a lofty circular drum, surrounded by a peristyle of 32 Corinthian columns, resting on aStylobate ; aboA'e the drum rises a majestic dome HO feet in diameter, terminating in a lantern surrounded by a gallery and balustrade, resting upon consoles. The total height from the pavement to the top is 268 feet. The number of steps leading to the gallery at the lantern is 475. The number of columns in and about the entire building is 258. The ceilings are richly sculptured and are 80 feet high. The ceilings of the dome present one of the finest series of paint- ings in the world, coverhig a superficies of 3721 square feet. The painter Baron Gros, received ss20,000 for its execution. A brief description of this splendid composition will give an idea of the general magnificence of the interior of this remarkable monument. Around the lower part of the dome are four groups, each connected by figures of Angels and other emblems. l\\ each u-roup is represented one of the monarchs of France, who, by the lustre of his reign, or the influence of his age, formed an epoch in the history of the country. Clovis, Charlemagne, St. Louis and Louis XVIII, are the Kings so honored. They are repre- sented rendering homage to Ste. Crenevieve, who descends towards them on clouds. In the upper regions representing the heavens, are the figures of Louis XVI, his Queen, Marie Antoinette, Louis XVII, and Madame Elizabeth. At the loft- ■■i* ffl I u\ if inji! « ') ; r. ii ( ! t -30- iest point a biir.stiiia: .suu indicates the presence ol' the Deity. Throuirhout the edifice, the frescos are tVom the pencils of the best masters. The lloor of the building' is formed of marble and stone interposed ; under the dome it is entirely of marble* with a tine circular mosaic. Underneath the building are immense vaults. Some of the stones formi)!!^ the foundation and vaults are -50 feet in length. The whole undercroft is constructed without any cement whatever. In some of these vaults are monuments and funeral urns arranged somewhat after the fashion of the Jioman tombs at Pompeii. In others are cenotaphs to the memory of Voltaire and liousseau : these are very imposing, particularly that of Vol- taire ; from a ci^'cular opening a good imitatioii of u human arm is outstretched bearing a llaml)eau, always kept burn- ing. Above are the following inscriptions, " Puele, HistO' rien, Philoi^ophe, il ngrandit tespril hnniain; illvi opprit quHl devail Sire lihre,'' il defendit Ccdas^ Sirvin, de la Barre et Monthailljj, il cmnbatlil les athees et les fanatiques, inspira la tolerance, el reclama les droits de I'liomme coutre la servitude de la feodalite.'" Over the tomb of Jean-Jacques Rousseau is the following : " lei repose Pliomme de la nature et de la v^rite^ Other celebrities were also buried within these vaults, among whom are the illustrious mathematician La- grange, the circumnavigator Bougainville, the Dutch Ad- miral de Winter, Suiliot, the architect of the edifice, Marshal Lannes, Mirabeau, and the inhuman wretch Marat. The bodies of ]\[arat and Mirabeau were afterwards depautheo- nized by a decree of the G-overnment. 'The body of Marat after being taken from the tomb, was thrown into a common- sewer. The Pantheon and the > surrounding streets were in 1848 the most formidable strongholds of the revolution- ists, not until after two days lieavy cannonading did the barricades give in. The total cost of this beautiful building was $6,000,000. Facing that noble monument is the Ecole de Droit or law school. This was also erected by Sufflot in 1771 It is a plain, though handsome building. The he Deity. 3ils of the )f marble )f marble* Icling are lundatioii ercroft is' some of arranged ; Pompeii, taire and lat of Vol- [■ u human :ept bur 11- cle, Histo* pprit qit'il a Bane et inspifCL lo> ervitude de uousseau is re el de la thin these atician La- Dutch Ad- 5e, Marshal arat. The depantheo- Ly of Marat ) a common- treets were revolution- ng did the [ul building is the Ecole [ by Sufflot [ding. The — 81 — fitst establishment of regular law schools in France dates from 1884 ; the reorganization of the i'aculty took place in 1762, by order of Louis XV. During the deplorable condi- tion of aliairs in the capital, this, as well as other learned institutions, had temporarily ceased, l)ut have since resumed their sessions. There were attached to this celebrated in- stitution, IT professors, besides 8 supplementary ones, who lectured on the general introduction to the studies of the civil code, civil and criminal procedure, and criminal legis- lation, commercial code, administrative law, code Napoleon, comparative criminal law, and penal legislation, laW of nations, Roman law, Pandect's history of lioman and French law. All lectures were public and u'vatuitous. The aver- age number oi students who attended the faculty of law was 3,000. The school contains a very valuable library of over 8,000 volumes. It was open to the public daily from 10 A.M. to 3 P.M. Military School and Champs-di-Mars. The military school was founded in 17ol,by an edict of Louis XV. It was intended for the gratuitous instruction of young gentlemen, to be chosen from the sons of poor noblemen, preference being given to those who had lost their iathers on the battlefield, they being considered children of the state. The construction ot the buildings extended over a period often years. They were commenced in 1752 from designs by Gabriel. The entire circumference of the buildings is 4,320 feet. The principal front is that iacing the Champs-de-Mars. It consists of a projecting por- tico with four Corinthian columns in the centre supporting a sculptured pediment and attic. Two Corinthian columns recede from either side of the former, over which rises a quadrangular dome. (.)n each side of the main building is a pavilion, adorned with a pediment, resting on four Ionic columns. In front of the dome is a beautiful clock by Le- paute, ornamented with figures of time and astronomy. In wmmm ' 'i i!; I. t t ■ 'I I ! i .1 i; ■ u iii. "lit i'ii i m II 1768 the Diiko de Choiscul ordered an observatory to be established here, for the use of the celebrated astronomer La- lande. The observatory was shortly afterwards abolished, and ac^ain re-established in ItJHS, thouqh finally suppressed, when the instruments were given to other observatories in different parts of France. The military school was also suppressed during- the same year, and the pupils distributed in the various regiments and other schools in France . In 1789 the buildings were used as barracks for cavalry. Napoleon I afterwards made it his headquarters. Under Napoleon III were quartered in the buildings over 4,000 men including- infantry, cavalry and artillery. The interior bears nothing of note, but one very handsome hall called Salle du Conseil, adorned with military emblems and pictures; the ch .pel was at one time most magnificent, but during the invasion of the Allies (1815) it was entirely de- spoiled of all its valuable paintings, &c. Champs-de-Mars. This is an immense oblong space, between the military school and the river, 8,280 by 1,040 feet. It is flanked bv ditches faced with stone, has four rows of trees on each side, and is entered by five gates. The sloping- embank- ments extending nearly the whole length, were formed in 1790 by the population of Paris of both sexes and of all ranks, numbering over 60,000 persons, for the celebration of the Fdte de la Federation, which took place on the 14th of July of the same year, when an altar called LAutel de la Patrie was erected in the centre, where Louis XVI seated in a superb amphitheatre, made oath to maintain the new con- stitution. Napoleon I held here his famous Champ de Mai previous to the battle of Waterloo. On the same place in 1830 Louis Philippe distributed the colours to the National G-uards. On the 10th of May, 1852, Louis Napoleon distri- buted the eagles to the army, which replaced the gallic cock. — S3 — tory to be lomer La- ibolished, ippressed, ratories in was also listributed •aiice. In r cavalry, s. Under )ver 4,000 he interior hall called )lems and ificent, but ■ntirely de- ;he military is flanked ees on each n<>' embank- e formed in s and of all 'lebration of the 14th of ,'Autel de la ;VI seated in ;he new con- 'hamp de Mai me place in the National poleon distri- e gallic cock. ■■*t On this occasion nearly 80,000 troops were present, together with many Arab chiefs. The sight was one of the most imposing ever witnessed on tlicse famous grounds, except- ing the unequallofi grandeur of the Universal Exhibition ot 18G7, which ninrks one of the happiest pages on the records of that .stranire, prosperous, yet doomed reign, of Nnpoleou III. Hotel I3Es Invalides. The most interesting section of these extensive buildings is the tomb of Nupoleon the Gr(>at. This was des- tined for tlio celel)raiion of it.'stivals a.nd military anniver- saries. It is a church exteriorly presenting a mass of build- ings ]38 i'eet sfjuare. The principal fiout (tiio southern) forms a portico, composed of two rows of columns, the lower of the doric order, the upper of the corinthian. On each side of the i)ortico is a niche containing statues of Charlemagne and ^-'t. Louis. Over this on a circular st}'- lobate, rises a drum, which is outwardly surrounded bv 40 coupled composite columns At the point corresponding to the angles of the lower stories, are eight projt;icting but- tresses, iinished wiih engaged columns. An attic crowned with a balustrad(\ and adorned with arched windows crowns the druui, from within which springs the magni- ficent dome, which is divided by twelve gilt ribs, and as many compartments, each decorated with projecting de- vices of trophies, arms, &c., also gilt. From the summit of the dome rises a lantern with a gilt spire and cross. The total height to the top of the cross i^; 023 feet. The interior of this sumptuous church is circular, with branches of a Greek cross extending in the direction of the four cardinal points, forming the nave and transepts, between which are four cir- cular chapeis, each having three lofty arched entrances, one of which, flanked with fluted Corinthian columns, faces the centre of the church, now occupied by a circular parapet surrounding the cry pt which contains the tomb of Napoleon I i I ! ", I ' i '■;] ii!l! ( — 34—- T.- •Abovi^ this risc5 tho domi\ n-fstiiiDf on four main arches, in the [)(Mid!il,iv«'s of which iin' pnintincs of the four Evan- ji^elisls. The iUti<- over the ixMulntives is adoviu'd with tvvolvi' iiKidalions hcarinir sculptured purtmit.s in bas-vt'hcf, of Clovis, l)aiic»hort, Pepin (ic hrd), Churhnnac^nc, \j' oi' the chajiels <>f the Nvestern transept, is the statui'of .Mai'shal Tur.'n)n\ He is seen expirinj^in th(^ arms of immortality, with ihc aUViLilited ca'j'le of the (lei'- nian Empire :ii his led. This liiu! piece of art was desi<>'ned by Lebnin any. 'riic hi^"h altiir is asceudetl lo by leu sjcps. of wiiiie nia)'l)lc. the altar being of black marble, 'suvniounled by lour s[)iral c(»lumns of the sai.'t> mateviai, supi)oriing a es on both sides k-ad to the cryi)t beueiilli the dome, containing the fni/ih of Ihe Grunt Niijioh'ini. '^fhe entrance is Hanked by two sarco- phagi rest iii'r upon plinths, surnioiuitod by I wo (.V)rinthian nolunms, crowned with segmental ])ediments. ())u> is dedicaie'l to Marshal iJuroe. the other to Alaryhal Ler- trand, (he Lmperoi"s IVieud during his adversity. Over 9 1: — . ;{.-) — lin arfbos, lour Kvon- mni transept, piviiiiT in tht> of the (lev- vas desisji-ncd li^'h uhar is dtar bring of umns of iht' :)th sides lesid \ (miih of Ihc V two sarco- vo C'ovinthiau ents. One is :\lar8bal 15er- ersitv. Over ■ w ■'5; the (MUviinec is llit( follow ill'.'; inscripl ion (|noli'fl from Vapo- loon's will : -" Ji' 'h'^irr (jui' nns fr/H/rrs rrpoftrn/ ."?///' lea hoi'd'i ifi' In ,^r/'/ir, mi oiilii it ilr ci- /)rHi'lr InnK'ii':^ ipif i'lii (nnf iiihir." Al liii' i xiraiiri- ol llic l(>ml> arc two colos- sal caryaiicb's. Ix-ai'liiu' iln' '.rjolic. x-cplii' a.ii>l linpcrial Crown. Till' Oryi>l is dimiy li'.vliii'd Im. fuiifi-cal lamps in l)ronz(> adoi'ni'fl witii I'lis-vclii'l's. icpvcsi'iiliii:.''- I . ilu' termi- nation of civil war: •.'. ilic ( 'o)i<"ii'(l;ii ,• ;',. ili;> I'd'orm of tlu' administration; I. tlio Council of Siiitc ; .'i. ihcCode; (!. the ["ni\'t'rsit;y : T. ilic Ooui'i of Acconiils : >. lliocnconr- aavmcnlof trade and <'(»mm('i'i;(' : !'. puhiic, \voi'ks : in. iln> Ijeu'ion of Honor. Aroun*! the ('rypl, fariui:' the Sarco- l)ha,u'us, ar<' twcKf colossal slalucs, illustraliiiu' as nninv victories. 'Flic toinh cojisists of nn imiiicnsc inonojiih of porphyry, wciu'lnno' I :;.'). oniMlis.. \',!iich was bronu'lit from Lake ( )ni'U'a in f'inlaud, al a cost of 1!i),(ioo francs, or $2H,0(H>. Tlic Sarcoj>!iauus is jtiso of n sin'.;ic hlock \'2 lent Ion«^ by '' in widtii. The v.holc rests on plinths, which stand on a ])lock ofm'tMMi "•'••■nito brouuht l'y(n\\ the \'oso'(d its dignity and privilege!;;. At the revolution of ITSO, lU title was altered to that of Temple de VHumanik'. Under Napoleon I, it assumed tin; name of Temple da Mara, while the number of its inmates was frightfully augmented. After the downfall of the mighty chief, th(? institution resumed its original title. It is some- what strange, that these buildings wore always respected, even during the most disastrous revolutionary commotions. The principal front ofthcse extensive buildmgs presents a facade of 612 feet, divided into four stories, and three J i 37 — tie 28th of who was t. Arnand, Ldiiig cost dilice was C'difioo, is gs, euelos- ind— built 5 reign of in. France, is of royal V, with his •omptod to he at ouc«! 5t. Marcel ; AoilmCJui- for want of iriug- who«(i ary invalids stablish tin; :)f Loui9 XV nail, yet the ■rcB. At the of Temple (i*^ the name of imates was f the mighty it is sonie- ys respected, cominotious. iigs presents !.s. and three pavilions, the central one is decorated with Ionic pilasters supporting an arch, on the tyrapam of which is a bas-relief of Louis XIV on horseback. At the entrance of the pavilion are statues of Mars and Minerva. This front leads to the Cour d' Hofineur, 315 feet long by 192 wide, presenting four fronts of masterly architecture. The- Governor, who is generally the Senior Marshal of Franco, resides in these buildings with his suite, composed of one Gen oral of Di- vision, one Colonel, who fills the functions of Major of the Hotel, and eight Captains, who act as Adjutants. The Governor has also an Aide-do-Camp, taken from among the officers of the staff in active service ; besides these are one Almoner, two Chaplains, one head Physician, one head Surgeon and two assistants. Added to theso are 20 Sisters of Charity and 2G0 servants of all grades for mi- nor duties in the hotel. The average number of inmate officers is 170, total average number of invalids is 3,500, including all ranks. (The institution can ac(;()mmodate 5,000 soldiers.) They are boarded, lodg(;d and clothed. To visit this " Soldier'^ Home'' durhig meal hours is one of the most gratifying sights of Paris. Tliii great order, cleanliness and general comfort prevailing is a model to all institutions of the same (character over the world. In the distribution of meat, bread, wine and clothing, any in- mate not using or consuming his allowance, receive*? the equivalent in money ; for instance a soldier deprived of his leo's, receives the value of shoes in monev, &c. The officers governing this institution are well paid. The Governor receives si>8,000 per annum, the Lieut.-Governor ii?3,000,the Intendent 62,400, and the Coloncl-Major §1,400. The inmates receive military pay according to their rank, Their only duty, a'^^ their own request, is to mount guard in the Hotel and its dependencies. Facing the buildings, extends a beautiful terrace for the use of thesoldie's; in this are 32 handsome i^ieces of artil- lery, and two mortars : among these are some Prussian I r' I ; I I t: ) i;i!i'" lit II S ' ■ ■ ' '» ; ; ,i t. — .3H -- piecws, very liiglily oriinnK^ntod. Ki '.luns. cnpluiMHl at Al- giers and Cmislnntina. I^oavinu' Arabic inscriptions, arc also among' tho colliK-rion. From the ierraco, extends to Iho river, a well laid out garden consisting ol' six squares, the whole measurins 1,440 feet by 780. The trees here were first planted in 1750 and- replanted in 1818. At one-third, of the spaceis a circnliir place in wliich stood a fountain orna- mentetl with the celebrated bronze lion, brought from St. Mark's square at A^^nice, but restored in 1815. To that succeeded a p(»destal with a Inist of Lafayette ; this, was, under Napoleon III, substituted by a ligure of the Great Napoleon, by Marochetti. The inttn-ior is very interesting. It contains a valuable library of 17,000 volumes, on theo- logy, jurisprudi^nce, belles-lettres, strateg-y, iVc. : also, several relics of ^vlarshal Turcune. ihe most interesting o\ which is Ihe canii;)!! ball, weiu'hing o lbs., by which he was killed. A very intevestinu' hall is that (.'ailed Chnmbrc (ht.Consri/. 'fhis contains a Ixnuilifiil collection of miniature drawiuii's ol'al! ihe llau's and banners iaken in "war. I'rom the reign of Henry ! \' 1'> iIk? i)res(Mit time. In a room adjoin- ing, called Sit/i'r il'(ille»lr. are portraits ol' the celebrated Marshals and ( iiMieral- ol' fvance, as well as all the (Jov- ernors of the Institution >ince its foundation. Anotlier (:lall<>ry contains upv/ards of .")0 })lans in relief of the g:reat fortresses ol' France, some of these plans cov- ering a s]>ac(^ of IVom 12'i io :J40 square leet. The princi- pal dormitories consist of 12 s])acious rooms, each contain- ing from ■"ii> to ."("> beds, the others havinu' only from 4 to 8 beds. The refectories arc Jbur in Jiuml>er. each l')0 fei^t in length by 24 in breadth. ( ))ie is devoted to the olHcers. the other three to the sub-oifieers and privates. In each there are two kitcln-ns. out' I'ur the t)liicers. the other for the ^irivates. _ 80 — iIuvihI iii; AI- ons, arc also ; to i ho river, s, tho whole e were first >thirdofthe nil tain orna- nht from St. l^. To that ^ ; this, was, ot' tho Great 1^^ interostiiig. les, on theo- \ (Sec. : also, ntoivstiny' ot )y which ho tiled C/iaiiibri' I oi'miniaturc sv.w. IVom the room ad join - (' (M'lehraloil lill the Ciov- hiiis in relief po plans eov- Tho princi- ■aeh ('ontain- Ifroiu 4 to 8 "More than 1,r>00 Iha. of inoal nnd fiK bushels of vejret. ablcs ;iv(' eonsumed dnily. There is a spit capable of roast- ing- M'O lbs. of meat at alinn'. All ilu-.'^c interesting- places iH'i' I'lways rejidily o[)enod to ^•i^it()V.s. A .short, distance froMi iliis iiamenso '• Militnrij Home,'' is the very interestino; Ar/i-iii/f Will, situated in the larc^e Court of the Shmghler ib.ns' s of (irenelhv The borinj^ of this well was coni- mein-ed on the 1st of Jtinuary, 1834. The operation being a mo--! (li ificult one, it was not brouq-ht to an (snd till 1841, when the -\v:iter burst out with ineonc Cit\. Tilj; I'VLACK OF TllK LrXEMHOI'lMi, 1150 feet in liie olRcers. I'S. In each L)ther for the This is one of tin* most interestint!- buildings in the Soutlnrn section of I'aris. The,>e ground.s once belonged io tlu' ALonks of the Order of the " (liar/rfi/.r.''' The manner in which the property (Uime into their possession is at once sini>-ular and ridicu- "PW fi 1 I! • iiii-r y li ! ' ' • ^1 i! ■.j 'is 1 1- 1 I i ini i^ m — 40 — Ions. A Castle, built by liobcrt, son of Hugh Capet, in 996, havint^ been abandoned, it was soon reported that innumerable demons and ghosts were seen in and about the place. Such was the terror caused by the report, that all the inhabitants of the neighbouring houses fled in terror. The Monks, whose de.sirc ibr aggrandizement overcame their fear of the mysterious nocturnal spirits, (there is no doubt, but they were the prompters of the scheme, in order to obtain the free grant of the property,) petitioned St. Louis to grant them the haunted Castle and domains; pledging themselves to exercise the fiends, and dehver the neigh- bourhood from the disturbers of its repose. The demand having been granted, they took possession of the place with imposing solemnity, causing the demons to quit for ever the grounds consecrated to the service of God. The pro- perty remained for 600 years under their control; though it afterwards passed into secular hands, and devoted to pur- poses of pleasure, the fiends that once haunted the place have never dared to reappear. This anecdote goes to shew the ignorance that prevailed in those ages. Lpon the site of this Monastery, Robert de Harlay de Sancy, in the 16th century, erected a large house, surrounded by gardens ; this was afterwards purchased and enlarged in 1583, by the Duke d'Epinay-Luxembourg, and subsequent- ly bought by Marie de Medicis in 1612, for 90,000 francs, or $18,000. Marie de Medicis then ordered the actual Palace to be built by the Architect Jacques Desbrosses, on the model of the Pifi Palace, the residence of the Orand Dukes of Tuscany. The Palace was then called Palais dt M4deds. On the death of this Queen, it became the proper- ty of Gaston de France, Duke of Orleans, her second son. It then assumed the title of Palais d'Orlraris, which it re- tained long alter. It was afterwards ceded to the Duchess de Montpensior, and subsequently, in 1672, became the property of the Duchess de Guise, who in 1694 sold it to • .1 .; \ ''■ 41 h Capet, in sported that in and about report, that ?lcd in terror, it overcame (there is no 3m e, in order ned St. Louis lis; pledging r the neigh- The demand he place with it for ever the J. The pro- itrol; though jvoted to pur- ed the place croQs to shew Harlay de \ surrounded enlarged in .subsequent- )0,000 francs, Ll the actual lesbrosscs, on If tho Grand ;d Palais de the proper- second son. Jwhich it re- Ithe Duchess became the »4 sold it to M Louis XIV; it was during this reign inhabited by the Duchess of Lrunswick and Madame d'Orloans, Queen JJo wager of tSpain, on \vhoR*? death, Louis XIV gave it to his brother, afterwards Louis XVIII, who occupied the Palace, till he left France in June, 1791. During the first years of the revolution of 178'J, it was used as a prison. In 1705, the sittings of the Directory were held here. It then took the title o^Palaia du Direciou-e. When Bonaparte carae into power, it Avas at first devoted to the sittings of the Consuls, and received the name of Palais du Consnlal. Shortly after that, it received the name of Palais du Senat Conservafeur. That Senate held its sittings in the Palace, lill iis dissolution in 1814. In March and April 1848, Louis Blanc held his socialistic meetings of workmen in the same Palace. Since 1852, and till the downi'all of Louis Napo- leon, it was used as the Senate Chambers. The exterior uppearance of these i anions buildings is remarkable for the ])rn,nty of their proportions aiid solidity. They form a parallelogram, 860 feet by 800. The front facing the street, or Ivue de A^augirard, is e.xtremely beautiful, consisting of two large pavilions, connected together by terraces, in the centre of which rises a cupola, surrounded with statues ; from this front, stretch two arcaded corridors, connecting with the building facing the gardens. The historical connections of this Palace are of the deepest interest, each chamber, corridor, or hall, breathing of the past centuries, and like the other Palaces of the capi- tal, its decorations, both in paintin^r and sculpture, are of the highest art. On enterhig the apartments lately occupi- ed by the Senate, is a room called Salle des Gardes, adorned with statues of Aristides, Cincinnatus, Cicero, Leonidas, Pericles, and a bust of General Laplace, the first president of tin? Senate under the empire. Th(; next room, called Salle (fallcnlc, is adorned with a line statue of Julius Ca^?r. Iramo- diaiely below the President's chair, was the (rihinic or desk now dispensed with, slnei^ it hecaiue customary ibr the Senators to address tlie House from their seats. In the same huildiiigs are several other rooms of histo- rical note — the CIin/>pJle de Marie de Mediris, though a very plain apartment with an altar, its associations are of deep interest to the visitor. Wlio can, for a mouK^nt, think that the Mvdir/'s could kneel and pray with their blotted con- science ? Next is the Salle des Gardes de Marie de Medieia, only remarkable for three paintinus — a Last Supper, a Virgin, and a Crucilixtion. Adjoining this is the Chanihre a Coiieher de Marie de Medici^, one of the most sumptuous apartments in the Palai:^, decorated in the voluptuous style of her time ; many of the paintiim's ])eing master-pieces of Peter Paul Itubens and Philipjie de Champagne. AVhiie walkiiig through these historical apartments, one feels as though, at each threshold leading to exit, the august iigures of their former occupants were; iheri.i in waiting-. It is useless to disguise the fact, however democratic one feels, whether hailinu' from the great American Republic, or other democratic countries, even the. red republicans of Paris, who's hatred for everything of royal memory is said to be dauntless, were 1)owed down with respect, by the re- collection of centuries that have past, while the minutest object, the property of its orii2,-inal occupants, are still there, as, hut of yesb'rday. This Pa/rt/.s also possesses a very valuable library of 15,000 volumes, a gallery of paintings and sculpture ; Marie de Medicis founded botli these, containing many of the best pieces of the Flemisli, ItaUan, and French schools ; these? Avere afterwards transferred to the Louvre. The JAtxembourg gallery has since been devoted to the fim!st works of living- artists. Changes continually take place h(>re, in consequence of a rule that directs all works of each artisr, on his decease, )|!| I- mU ,1! li '? - y i| m } . iJ I M - \ mm to be rerao^•o(l to the Louvre. Thiis Palace, vvalh il« ait g:allerips, is open, every day except Mondays, to visitov.s holdino: passports. The garden belong-ing to this Palace was laid ont at the same time of the erection t)!' the edifice ; the leiijrth from north to south, reaching- the National Ob- servatory, is 2,600 feet by 1,710. Like the gardens of the Tuileries, and others, this is adorned with line statnes and fountains. The number of statues is o5, ineluding many of the earliest Queens of France, and other historical sub- jects, among whom are, Jeanne d'Arc, Marie de Medicis, Marie Stuart, Marguerite de Yalois, Blan<'he de Castille, Marguerite de Provence, &c. This garden being in the vicinity of the Qi/arlier Latin, or Latin District, as it is called on account of the University and its many Colleges, is the favorite resort of professors and families, as well as the student. At the Southern extremity of the garden, facing the Grande Avenue, stands the celebrated observatory wherein Laplace, Le^'crrier, Arago and others, became renowned. This estaV/lishment was rommonccd under Louis XIV, in 1067, and iinished in 1G72. The structure was already far advanced, vrlien Colbert sent for the great Italian astro- nomer, Dominic Cassini, for advice; he found the building so ill-adapted to ijs ]>urpose, that at his suggestion several alterations w;^re made, which however did not render the edifice suHa(>le for taking accurate observations. The principal buildings form a parallelogr;nn of 90 feet by 82, to which have beiMi added, on the South, two lateral octa. gonal towers. The ^vhole of the buildings ar(^ of stone, neither wood nor iron having been used. These buildings having ])een iound useless, a low one was erected on the East side, from ^vhich nearly all observations are made ; this is so placed that two sides are parallel and two perpen- dicular, to a meridian line traced on the lloorofthe room on the second floor, from which Frimch astronomers count their longitude ; its div?ction is marked by an obelisk, on 45 wath its art (, to visitors 1 this Talace f tho edifice ; National Oh- irdens of tho. , i statues and luding many listorical sub- de Medicis, » de Castille, beini? in tho as it is called olles^es, is tho i well as the 1, facinf^ tho itory wherein c rcnoAvned. ouis XI y, in already iar talian astro- the Imildin^- stion several ,1; render tho lions. The loot by 82, latm-al oeia. are oi' stone, so buildings eeted on tho IS are made ; two perpen- 'the room on niers count obelisk, on theheiuhlsof Moiitmarire, abont O?. miles distant. This ob- servatory is the centre I'rom whence have divcri^ed the several triu'oiionit'lriciil ealcnlidions ibr ibrniing the map of France, in IH^ sheets, known as la Carle de Cassini. Un- derneath thebuildin<4- are subterranean chambers, now no long-er used, which were oriy-inally intended for astrono- mical observations, on gravitation, by means of openings in the roof of the building, &c. In this building is a telescope 22 feet in length, and 22 inches in diameter, which is not now used ; there is also an achromatic teles- cope of largo dimensions. The collection of astronomical instruments of all kinds attached to this insiitation, is exceedingly good. Upon the lloor of one of the rooms i-; a map of tlie Avorld, engraved by Chazelli^ and Sediloau. On the rooi' of the observa- tory, wliieh is built of thick stones, is au anemometer indicating llie diveclion o\' tb<* wind upon a dial in tho r(»oni below; hovi' al'^o, are two rain-gauges J'ur ascerlainiuL!,' Ilii'" <jc(M, of more interest, at least to tin* antiquarian ; th<' reservoirs receiviitU" water from Arcueil, 8 miles distant ; a few ste]is below the surface are two vaulted chambers, containing the reservoirs; part of the mmmmmt i! i H I 'i t ; ■fi — 46 — vaultinc;' is of Roman constvuclion, the more modern parts date of 1624, the lirst stones of which were laid with great ceremony by Marie de Medicis. The larg-est chamber has 78 arches, and is about 120 feet by 100, it contains 308,280 g-allons of water. In and about tht; place are seen frag- ments of water-pipes ot Ivoman construction. A somewhat stirprising feature, one of particular note, on the south side of the city, are the Catacombs, over whicli the greater portion of that section of the capital is built, comprising an ar(>a of over 200 acres, including- in their extent, the Obscrva/orj/, the Palace and Garden of tlic Luxcm' boHi-'j;, the Theatre de I'Odeo//, the Pantheon, and many of the principal thoroughfares of that part of the city. These immense subterranean passages and vaults were tormed by the excavations of tile quarries that existed there, from a remove period. In 1784, the Council of State issued a (Iccrt'o for th(^ clearing of the contents of several old ceme- teiios. when the quarries were devoted as a receptacle for all Iho l/uurs found ill the exhumation of the burying-grounds. The cer(nuony of eonseerating the Catacombs took place on (he 7th of April. 17sr;, aiul on the sauu^, dav the removal of bones from the burial grounds was commenced ; this work was always performed at night; the bones \Aere brought in funeral cars, cover(>d with a pall, followtHl ])y priests, chant- ing the srrvicc of the dead, and when they reached the Cata- combs, the bones were shot down a shatt. while men below were em^Moyed in assorting and piling them in separate heaps, accordinu' to the cemeteries from whence they were taken. Not until 1810, ^vas a regular system of arranging these remains, commenced under the direction of M. Heri- cart de Thury, Opening.:> were made in various places to admit air, channels foriued to carry off the water, stei)s were constructed from the lower exca^'ations to the upper ones, pillars erected to supjiort the dangerous x>arts of the vaults, 4S::e. ; after which the skulls and bones wercj regu- — 47 — lodcrii parts 1 with great chamber has ;ams 308,280 J seen irag- ■ticular noto. ,, over which lital is built, ling- in their of llie Liixc.m- and many of city. These were tornied d there, Iroia It ate issued a L'ral okl cenic- ptacle ibr all ving-grounds, took place on he removal ol' ed ; this work ere brought in priests, chaut- chedtheCata- ih^ men below m in separate nee they wore 1 of arranging m of M. Heri- ious places to i water, steins s to the upper IS parts of the OS were regu- larly built up along the walls, ^l. Ilcricart de Thury also formed two interesting cabinets within these subterranean reecptiieli's : one is a mineraloGfieal collection of specimens of ;i!! !iie strata ol' thi- quarries; the other is n pnlholop'icnl asseini)lai>'e of dccctistMl })ones. sci«!ntifii";dly arranti'cd. There is likewise a tablt^ upon whirh are exposed the skulls mo:i remarkable, eith<'r for their formation, or th(! marks ot deseas(> which they bear. An album is kept for tln^ use of visitors desirous of either signinu' their names, or writini;- senthneiits respecting the place. This album is perhaps as interesting as any feature of the Catacombs ; it, contains prose and poetical effusions of all kinds, some bearing sen- timenis of a devotional leeliuii'. and a ureai. many of a con- ttnnptildc character, witticisms of a depraved and prolli- gate nature. At the time of the author's visit to this interesting place, much dilliculty was experienced in obtaining a permit, on account of the vaults and various passages being under re- ])air ; however, a few lines to the rkef itigcnieiir des mines, at the time Mr. Lorieux, who perceived that the solicitor was a foreign visitor, seeking correct information, at once sent the requested pass, by which the author will lead the reader to the prin(;ipal entrance, Avhich is situated in the garden of the ^afe-honse of the westein entrance through the city walls, thence to the variotrs halls, and galleries of the Catacombs. F^rom the garden, a stair-case, consisting of 90 steps, leads to the bottom, from which a series of gloomv li'alleries lead to one called J\>i i Malion ; where, it is said, that an old soldier amused himselt', dtiring five years, in carving, oirt of a stone, the plan of Porf Jla/toi? where he had long been a prisoner. A short distance from this are some huge iragments c ' >nes, similar to those existing in several parts of England and AVales, known as rorldiig'-alone^ or Lo^a/t-sfof/fs ; the same exist in the Cicily group of islands ; tlujy are balanced on a l>ase hardly ir 1 V I1l ' ■ ' ■ I I' I t i 1' ^ i; ■ 'I iilR •t ^il! 1' : — 48 — exceediiur a poiiit, and iii this rcnuukablc i'fjiiilihiium thoy havt! rcmaiiK'd lov moiv Ihaii 2')() y<'in>. Similiir stoiiCiS ill Enjrland wcn'c, at oii»^ iimc, thoiiiiht to hn lu'athou mouu- meiits. Oliver Cromvvoll, uudt>v Ihat bclio), caused one, at Sithney, to bo thrown Ironi its \)i\s'\ In lh'24, a Lieut. Goldsmith, R. IS., in a Irolic, threw down a very remark- able one, at Clastlo Treryn, in C'orn\v:ill : l»ut, suhsequonl- ly, ashamed oi' what he had «l(>ne, ••uisod ii to he replaced, by the aid ol' a powerful machiu*. ';d it since exists, as nicely balanced as Ix'lbre. About 200 yards from where ihes" si ones are, is the ves- tibule of the Catacombs, which is of auoctng-onul lorm. On the sides nf the door are two piilurs of the Tuscan order, and two stone benches. Over this entrance is the follow- inj]f inscription : Ihts nlira tneliia rrq/u'isc/oU beatnm .tpan y)ectnnfes. From licrt! lh(( visitor is lead tlirough a long gallery lined with bonos from the o-roiiiul to the roof; the arm, leg and thigh bones being in front, closely and regu- larly lulled together, their uniformity being relieved by three rows of skulls, at equal distiv'.es. Behind the front row are thrown all the smaller 1 . This gallery con- ducts to a series of halls rescmbli,,.. .uipels, which are also lined with bones and skulls A'ariously arranged ; in niches, formed in the cenrre of the walls, are vases and altars, some built of bones, others merely ornamented — if it may be so termed — with skulls of diiierent sizes. These chapels bear different names ; one is called Tombeav de /a Revulu'ion,Q,ii- other, Tomheau dea Victlmes, each enclosing the bodies of those who perished during the revolution of 1789 and the massacre of the 2nd and 3rd of kSeptendjer. During the building of these chapels, some workmen dis- covered a spring supplying good fresh "water, which is used to feed a fountain and basin, wherein some gold fish were put ; though th(!se lived a long time, yet thc^y never spawn- ed, a fact well known to naturalists. It a])pears that this — It)— libvium thoy av stoiiey in then luouu- lusocI one, at ■24, a LiiMit. i'vy remavk- fsubscqucul- Im" roplacod, Lco exists, as ?, is lliB ves- ul iorm. Oil uscau order, is tho I'ollow- beaffiiii spent Yo\vj;h a long he roof; tho 'ly and reg-u- relii^ved by nd the front gallery con- lich are also d ; in niches, altars, some it may be so chapels bear evolution, aa- le bodies of 780 and the workmen dis- liich is used Id fish were a' never spawn- urs that this ffolden speeimcn of (lie Jhini tribe require the ■nu s rnys to aiiiniale them. A sul)terraiiean a(iuoduct is made to earry oil" the wash' waier. Mr. Ilerieart de Thiiry nai;i> d tho spring- la Sourer irOubli, but il has sincf l)een e:illed Fon- iainc dc la Smiiarifaiue, from an inscription routaininc^ the words of Christ to the ^imaritan woman. Tiiis portion of the Catacombs is only liiat allowed lobe visited, though extensive, it does not inriudeone-tvventieih part of the siib- terranean ]>assag'es i»fthi! old quarries beneath the southern section of Paris ; in fact their whole extent has never been •explored. The variations of tho ,surfa(''.\ and fissures whilished wool factories, tho water of the Bievre being most fa\'orable to th(i dying pro- cess. One of them, of the name of Jean Gobelin, who lived in 1450, had acquired prominence, as well as becoming the most prosperous in his line. His descendants continued the trade with equal succe.^^, and having become extremely rich, they discontinued iho business, eventually filling va- rious offices in the state. To these succeeded Messrs. Canaye, who, not coniining dn^mselves to dying wool, worked tapestry for hangings, a manul'acture until then confined to Flanders, .About the year lGo.3, they M'ero succeeded bv a Dutchman named Gluek. who brousrht with him ouo named Liaujien. who excelled in the art. The H isa '^ 1 1 1 \-n i. H I! i — 50 — new estoblishmpnt prospering, Louis XIV, at. the sugges- tion of his minister, Colbert, determined to purchase the eatate, and constitute it as a lioyal manufactory, which pro- ject was carried out m 1662. Many skilful artists were — hejice attached to the establishment. In 1667, the celebrated painter, Lebrun, became the director, whereon he painted his famous battles of Alexander the G-reat, as patterns for some tapestry to have been manufactured there. These manufactories comprise two branches, the tapestry and carpet works ; both branches being carried to a perfection unequalled in the Avorld. Some of the carpets take as long as from o to 10 years to be made, and cost from $12,00.0 to $20,000, and e\'en at these high prices the workmen are comparatively inadequately paid. The largest carpet ever made is, without doubt, that manufactured in this estab- lishment ; it consists of 72 pieces, forming altogether a length of more than 1,800 feet; this was made for one of the galleries of the Louvre. From 120 to 150 workmen are employed in these establishments ; their productions belong to the (rovernment. and are chiefly destined for the Palace* of the State. Connected with the manufactory, is a school of design, and lecture hall, where an annual course of lectures on chemistry — as applicable to dying wools — is given, from (.)(.tober to .Lmuary. The closi'uess and accuracy with whici) the paintings are imitated, is due, not only to the artistic ability of th« weaver, but to tin* perfection attained in the dying of the wojI used ; the enumerji1)le shades of which form all the compound colours ol' the ]);iinter"s palette. At the time of the writer's visit to the Louvre, the Gullerij WApoJon con- tained portraits of ^»lansartfuI, then, whether this splendid garden would not become a victim to the unchain- ed spirits of those eventful days ; but being considered national property, it was saved ! (it remained unmolested even during the /t/i,'7/ of Iffror, l79o, as ^^•ell us dur- ing that of 1871,) but suffered greatly from want of proper attention and of funds. The following will give an idea of this unequalled scientitic resort : The first large eiiclosures betweiMi the avenues are the " Botrinicai Gardens ;' this is carefully arraniied. the nature of the va- rious plants being denoted as Ibllows, on tickets bearing colours figuring the nature of each plant : the red, denoting the medicinal; the green, alimentary plants; the bliu', those used in the arts ; the yellow, lor ornamental pur- poses, and the black, for poisonous plants. A little beyond the Botanical Gardens are nurseries, containing perennial, indio-enotts, and exotic plants ; this is a sunk enclosure, nicely railed round, which in smnmer presents a beautiful array of flowers and shru])s. (^'ontigaotis to these nur.se-r ries, are enclostires for fruit trees and hot-beds. Between these conservatories is a path leading to two mounds; one called the J.rj)yrinth, from its numerous intricate paths; the other, on the western side, is known as fVg HilL being I ' i: Mlii W 1 11^ :i'i i i — 52 — planted with all tlio known species of that fruit. At the foot of this liill are the residences of the administrators and professors of the various departments. Close to these are enclosures containing some of the best species of trees from New Holland, the Cape of Grood Hope, Asia Minor, and the Coast of Barbary, which are removed hence, to tho exten. sive hot-houses, during inclement seasons. This garden annually produces an average of from 9 to 10,000 small bags of seed, and upwards of 8,000 young trees, most of which are '' tributed to the professors and other scientific persons, or the purpose of propagation. The total nuiuber of species of plants cultivated in tba bo- tanical department of these gardens is upwards of 12,000. Besides the gardens, are extensive buildings, comprising, museums of comparative anatomy, of zoology, miner alogical, and ^enlof^ical ; botanical collections, and a valuable li- br iry containing 30,000 volumes. The collection contained in this museum is incomparably the richest in the world, and all due to the unwearied exertions of Baron Cuvier ; under his care were prepared and arranged over 35,000 specimens, subjects of comparative anatomy. It is needless to say that these museums stand at the head of all institutions of the kind, not only in France, but in Europe. The average number of students who attend the various lectures given ill the hall of Seaucex is about 1,800. 16 professors, with 15 assistants, attend to students, in the various sciences. One principal librarian and two assistants; besides the masters for instruction in the art of drawing and painting flowers, and other subjects in natural history. Added to the unrivalled collections, is the unique zoolo- f^ical gardens — or manegerie. When the whimsical Louis XIV took notion to make Versailles his residence, the Aca- demy of Science prevailed on him to form this menai^erie ; it increased under his successors, Louis XV and XVI, but in ;. ■ '' 53 :,. At the I'ators and these are trees from or, and the the exteu. from 9 to )00 youn"- essors and "opagatiou. in thi) bo- of 12,000. jomprising, nerato^ical, aluable li- 1 contained the world, m Cnvier ; )ver 85,000 ; is needless institutions Tope. The ms lectures professors, •us sciences, besides the nd painting iiique zoolo- isical Louis ce, the Aca- lenagerie ; it XVI, but in 1789, the institution being neglected througli the rov'olu- tionary spirit of the moment, the zoologienl .section suf- fered greatly, many of the animals perished lor want of food. The position of the gardens alotted for this purpose is divided into n'amerous compartments enclosed with iron railings and wire-net, with foot-paths, and roads, between ; along these are huts and sheds for the domesticated animals ; Avild beasts being kept in buildings for their pur- pose, open to view through iron railings. The zoologist is here enabled to study with advantage, the instinct and habits of animals in their civilized confinement. On the north bank of the Seine is the HOTEL-DE-VILLE. This, like other government buildings, is to-day a total wreck. The place where the Municipality of Paris a.ssembled under the first and second races of kiiiti's is not known. In the earliest reigns of the third race, their meeti]i<>\s were held in a house called, " La Maisoii de la Mnrrhmidise," which w^as situated a short distance from the site of the present buildinii", but this proving insuliicient in the course of time, in 1->.')7, the city purchased the Maison ile la Cn^oe, which had formerly belonged to Philip Augustus, and was frequently a i-oyal residen(-'e. Upon the sit(^ of thi.s and some neighboiiring houses, the lIotel-do-Yillc wms erected, the first stone of which was laid July i.'Uh, loC-'J. The works were afterwards suspended until 1549, when an Italian architect, Dominic Boccadoro di Cartona, presented a new plan to Henry 11, the' building was again proceeded with, though at various periods suspended. During the war of the Fronde, and particularly during the revolution of 1789, the edifice was much damaged. In 1837 it received immense additions, which enlarged it to nearly lour times its original size. The works were entirely finished in 1841. The architecture displayed in this l>eauiiful monument, is %l > 1 11 — 54 — that of " la Renaissance ;' the number of statues, busts and medallions adornhig the exterior and interior were 500. The cost tor additions and embellishment!?, from its orij^inal stately to the last year of Napoleon's reign, was over $3,000,000. The different halls and private chambers were so hiiimerous and gorgeous, that any attempt at description is baffled. Some of the apartments are in a degree of splendour and taste unequalled, the Pa- lace of the Tuilleries not excepted. From its earliest date to the present time, this buildhig has been as- sociated with the most interesting revolutionary events of Paris, From the central window over the main archway, Louis XYI harangued the people with the cap of liberty on his head ; G-eneral Lafayette presented Louis Phillipe to the people in 1830. Every room — every corridor — bears more or less of historical recollections. One of the most interesting, perhaps, is a room where Robespierre held his council, and where he attempted to commit suicide on the memorable 17th of July, 17H4. On the flight of stairs under the main archway, M. de Lamartine exposed his life with admirabh* courage on February 2(:5th, 1848, by declaring to an iniuriated mol) that " as long as he lived the red Hag should not be the flag of France." The municipal offices occupied 171 rooms; the nttmber of clerks employed was 448, expenses $141,0H0 j'early. Thk Place de lHotkl-de-Yille, Or square fronting the building, has been the scene of most of the public "deeds of blood" that have occitrred in the Capital. It has been staine^with the lilood of the victims of all revolutions. On March 17th, 1848, a monster mani- festation took place here, in support of the Provisional Crovernment, sind on April 16th following an attempt to overthrow the same Government was foiled by the steady attitude of the National Ghiard. Similar incidents have occurred in llie same place, during the recent events, which are all known. — 55 — The Palace of the Tuileries. Where the ruins of this splendid edilice now stands, there were in 1476, only some tile fields, that had furnished Paris with tilo.s lor four centuries. The foundations of these old tile-kiliis were discovered in 1836, during excavations made on the site. The name of Tuileries to-day sounds grandilo- quent and majestic, to those unacquainted with its origin, yet, it only means, in English, — tile kilns. It is somewhat odd, tluit such a Palace should have retained the name of the site upon which it was erected, particularly one so little in harmony with its historical associations, however, as Shakespeare said : *' What's in a name, a rose, bv any other name, would smell :is sweet." As, with the IIotel-de-Yille, the Tuileries has been the site of some of the bloodiest enactions of the different revohitions. On the lUth of August. 1792, the palace was attacked by the mob. and the Swiss Guards massacred. Prior to this, on the 20th of June, the same year, it was invaded and considerably damaged by the rioters. It was also attacked July 29th, 1830, and again on the 24th of Febn^ary, 1848. By a decree of the Provisional Government, dated February 26th, two days after the ilight of Louis Philippe, the palace was henceforth to be transformed into an Asylum for iuA'alid workmen. F^ortunately the decree was never carried into execution, whereby millions of dollars were saved, without detriment to the invalids, for whom more .suitable places were found. During and after the formidable instirrection of June of the same year, it was used as an hospital lor the wounded. To-day it is a shapeless mass of mortar and stories. It is needless to go any fitrther into the many historical recolleclions of this celebrated palace ; I will only mention that from Francis T to Napoleon III. it has been more or less the sibode of royalty; each Sovereign, in succession, adding to. and improving its extent and magnilicence. — 56 — Owing to tlie difforentperiodtj during which it underwent many changes, its architecture was not uniform, though the general characi r was of the '^ Renaissance, aiylfiy As regards the interior decorations, one item will suffice to convey an idea of its once general magnificence ; the carpets of three of the principnl rooms were of Gobelin manufacture, and cost $200,000. The extreme length of this Historical Palace is 1008 feet by 108 in breadth. During the reign of the late Emperor, the state apartments, only during his absence, were open to A'isits of strangers with special tickets, on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sundays, from 1 to 3 P.M. It is appjilling lo think that, in this enlightened age, and in that centre of civilization, there were men who still re- tained the brutal natures of thf saviige (xauls, of centuries past; jaliage incendiarism, and annihilation, was their motto, in Avar. So with the Parisian vandals of 1871. Under the guise of republicanism, and to express their hatred of monfirchical rule, they wantonly avenged them- selves on the magnificent structures, which bore the glory of past ages ; and to the last (^ventful days of the Covrmune, were the pride of Paris. The vandal's hand did its work, and the gorgeously sculptured walls, the masterly architec- ture of the Renaissance, is but a shapeless pile of stone and mortar. Garden or thk Tuileries, Prior to Louis XIV, a street separated the garden from the Palace, but Louis suppressed it in 166j, and entrusted the famous architect Le Notre, with the laying out of the garden. Its length is 2,256 feet, by 000 in width. Imme- diately in front of the I'alace are two flower gardens, sepa- rated from the broad walk, between them and the rest of the garden, by losses or ditches and iu>tted iron railings. The other portions of this magnificent public resort are in their original plan. Three circular basins, with fountains M — st- and nmneroiis statues, adorn this part of the "rarden. A broacl avenue leads from the centre Pavilion of the Palace to the Place de la Concorde. To the west of this avenue is a jjrove filled with line grown chesnut trees, elms, limes, ■&c., yield- ing a deep and cooling' sliade in summer, while boldly con- trasting' With the gayer beauties of the Uower gardens. "West of the grove, is a large octagonal basin of water, surrounded by grass plots, beautil'ully edged with tulips and migno- nette, the latter unpretending little flower lending its fra- grance to the haughty belle of the edire ; adjoining this, is the Grande Alice des Orangers, so called from the line col- lection of orange trees that are placed there every summer. This alh'e, with the elevated terrace running parallel with the G-rande Rue de Itivoli, is one of the most I'ashionablo and delightful promenades of Paris, both in summer and winter. Daring the sunny hours of the latter and the cool evenings of the former season, all the gayest of the capital are to be seen here. On Sunday afternoons the crowd is not so select. In each of the chesnut-groves, is a hemicycle of white marble, with small enclosures iji front, laid out as gardens, adorned with the statues of Atalanla and Hi/i/'O- inenas ; at the corners and in the centre of each, are beau- tifully executed statues, representing respectively " Spring" and "Autumn." These hemicycles were constructed ia 1793 by a decree of the National Convention, from the de- signs of Robespierre; th<^y were intended as seats for the Areopagus of old men, who were to preside over the floral games dedicated to youth in the month of June. The number of statues which adorn this royal garden are (55, most of which are from the chisels of the best masters. The Louvue Immediately connected with the Imperial Palace, is tho renowned Loinre, a portion of which is at present in ruins. The correct derivation of the term Louvre is somewhat gon- 8 — 58 fnsed. Some fix its root in the word Ltipara, meaning wolf, because of the site havin^j l)eeu a thick ioxent, invest- ed by wolves ; others have it i'roia the Saxon, Lower, a chateau; the more correct derivation, however, is from the ancient (xaulic word otiore, now written teuvre, signifying expression chef d'a-uvre. A custle or royal residence is said to have existed on the site of this laiuous Palace, at a very early period, the surrounding grounds being used as a hunting seat. The woods then extending, us jn'eviously mentioned, over the actual site ol the iu)rthern piirt of Paris, down to the water's edge : Philip Augustus, in liiOO, made a stronii'hold as well as a state ijvisou oi it. Charles Y, 164 years later, made many additions witii otlier alteratiojis. The royal library was kept liiere, also the Aarioiis olRcers of state, and foreign jn-inces visiting Paris, were lodged in it. Francis 1, in 1528, determined to urect a niagnilicent palace, on the site of this delapidated castle, and accordingly commenced the present buildhig, but its continuance was stopped after the death of Henry II. Louis XIV, at the suggestion of his minister, Col l>ort, decided upon completing the pal"" ce, and a public competition of architects was proposed to fur- nish designs for tlie junv buildings. ;\. physician, Claude Perreault, was the successful competitor, but some distrust of his abilities arising at court, one iJerniui, :ui Italian who had designed the circular porticos in front of iSt. Peter's at Kome, was sent for and his plans adopted in preference to those of Claude Perre:»ult. but i'or .some unknown reason or other, Bernini was soon sc-nt back to Italy loaded with pre- sents mid :i {ii-n.sion, wiiile Perreault. to the honour ol France and ol" (^(tlbevi. w;»s uliowi'd to carrv his oriirinal design into cxecutiun. u hen suddenly a few }-ear« after, the haughty and capricious king altered his mind, putting a stop to th(! works, ;hm1 diverted the treasures of tlie coun- try to the reaiiziition of hi>l<'(l Corinthinn ••oluimv'*, IVontiii^- a- wide pal lory. \vith;i Imscui^Mii story, tin* simpl icily oi' which affords :»n odniivahlc lontrnsl to tho sumpuiousness above. The dimensions olthis IVoni av(\ lon'vth -Vl't t'eot, hoii^ht 8§ feet. Hoitrht. of o-round or htisiMiient story }^r» i'eot : heii^ht of cohimnis, 10 diamotrfv*;, or nr'arly m8 fcot. Tli«i entirn eircumferonoo of thos'^ l>nildini»s. includinir lh<' Tnileries, which form one crnnd odififo. is T,0 f<'ot. (inclosin2r with- in it fourmaErnifiPcnl Courts, minu'lj : Conrs des Tuileries, Place dii Cnrronsol, Cnrrr Napoh'-on. nnd Cmir du vienx Louvre, the lattor hoinir the finest eonrt in Karope, with respect to richness of <|i'C(»rrttion and proportion, it i« now laid out in })itunu'n. bordered with beds of irrnss ;ind shrubs, surrounded with a hnx cast iron railinii', and liirhtod at niffht by 24 elecani bron/e uas Innips. In the centre is a marble fountain, on the spot where an ccjiu^striiin statue of the late Duke of Orlean.s formerly stood, (l-'rom one of thd windows of this portion of the. huildini,' oyoriookinii; tlin river, it i« reeordeiH-u adorned witii a statue of Francis I, the ori'.vinntov of the buildinus. As regards the interior of the buildineautiful gate of carved stool, and un- suspecting tho treacherous polish of the waxed floors, he- stepped freely, but before he had time to lift his eyes to the gorgeous ceiliuedestal, in front of which was erected the Guillo; ^vhich did ts ghastly work during' the reign of Ten^ On the same spot to-day 6R — stands tho Obelisk. This magnificenr relict of Ancient Egypt is ono of the two Obelisks that stood in front of the great temple of Thebes, the modern Tiiixor where they were erected, ITjoO years before Christ, by Rhnmses HI, of the 18th K^y))tian dynasty, better known in History as tho Great Sesostris. The^e two Monoliths were iiths. The raising of it to its vertical position, Was of the most diliiciilt character, yet successfully eliecicd. October 'J.^ith, 1836, in the presencii of Ltmis riiilippr nnd his family, all the pul)lie functionaries, and about 150,00(1 people. The height of this piece of Egyptian irranite is 72 feet, 3 inches, exclusive of the base or pedestal, erected pur- posely for it. Its width at the base is 7 feet inches, at the top o feet 4 inches. It weighs 600,000 pounds. The entire cost of removing and erecting it where it now stands, was about i$400,000. This square, from Louis XV, assumed successively the several names of Place Louis XV, Place Louis XVI, Place de la Ke volution, and lastly Place do la Concorde, which it still retains. Since writing this, some of the statues representing the i)iincipal cities of France, were deatroyed during the stubborn resistance of the Com- munists against the Versailles troops. Strunue to say that the relic of over 4000 years — the Obelisk — stands untouch- ed, notAvithstandiug the terrific firing upon the Commu- nists' barricade, erected on that square. In its present state, thoucrh its line statues, fountains, carriage-ways, and walks, are mort; or les.s scattered, still its i)osirion between the garden of the Tuileries and the Champs Elysees, with the several gorgeous Palaces North and South, it is without doubt the finest squrno in the world. Its size irom North to South is about bOO ieet, and tJOO from East to West. The CHAMrs Elysees. ,.- *■;'• |;| This oxtonsivo public garden \vas formerly covered with small pcatterod houses and meadows. In ](ilG u Mario de Modiois purcliased pari of (he fjrounds. and caused four rows of trees to he i)l;in(ed > ns (o form ihroo alleys, ^^hich wero closud nl the exiremilies by iron gates. This promiMinde she intended cxeluisively for horselt and Court; it then assumed the name o( ('ours de la Ileiuo, Avhich it still retains; it extends alonsr tho banks of (he Seine, from which it is separated by tlu» liiuii road leading to Versailles. On (he other side it was divided from (ho plains by ditcher., small stone brid,a:es forminij' the commu- nication across. In ll)70, the main trrounds or plains wort^ extended, and by order of Coll)ei( planted with trees, form- ing' several walks, intersporse»l with grass plots. ThivS new promenade was at lirst called Giond Coiiia, to distin- guish it I'roni the otluM*; a few years later it assumed (he name of C/uunpx L/t/sCcs. Madame de ronipadour having become propric-.or of the Place de I'Elysce, complained to the Mar(piis de Marigiiy, superintendent of iho royal do- mains, tliat the trees intcrcei)ted her view of the road, in consequence of which Colbert's plantation was cut down ; but that lady dying in ITUt, the grounundays an(l holidays, (he shop- keeper and workman may be seen Iumc, jostling (he lion of the Boulevards, while aris(ocra(ie velvet and cachemero shawls meet in close contaci w i(h humble merinos and coarse tartans. Under the gro\t's are toy and gingerbread stalls. Jru n sunuv winter ^ a j: ^^ m th — ()5 — J ^••'nou.s places o] ^^•'" roli;.,.- ho sh- ro ■ iho of i •.'KS( 7" ';""!- .■x(,.,„u ,|,„ , ' ""■ f ■•■"-«, .A ,,.„. „i' ;, '"^^ '>} Anno con (th.. i , "*''>)i.i| conccntf ""/""■•."> - .dso ,,':■''■'■:'••- ' 1^1 ......i.i,,,,.: iMii: -•nation, '0111- 0- (!. Ull so gOll ni(i I — 66 — formed from the 'act that M. Etex received $28,000 for two groups, representing the peace of 1851, and Minerva, crowned with laurels, shedding her protecting inflnence — 261 steps lead to the top platform, from which one of the finest views of Paris and its environs could bo seen. The Imperial Library. til 1^ R 1 From the introduction of Christianity into France to the time of St. Louis, the few books existing in the kingdom belonged to the numerous convents, which had been suc- cessively established, and were confined to copies of the Bible, treatises of the Fathers, Canons, Missals, and a few G-reek and Latin authors, St. Louis caused copies to be made of all these, and bequeathed them to several monas- teries. From St. Louis to King John (1226 to 1350), thert is no historical record of any royal library, and even that possessed by the latter monarch, did not exceed eight or ten volumes. Charles V, who patronised literature, caused many works to be copied, and others to be translated ; with these and some that were presented to him, he formed a library consisting of 010 volumes, comprising illuminated missals, and other religious works, legends of miracles, lives of Saints, and treatises upon astrology, geomancy and pal- mistry. This collection was partly lost under Charles VI, the remainder disappeared under the regency of the Duko of Bedford, who .^ent it to England. The Princes John and Charles d'Angouleme, upon their return from England^ after 25 years' captivity, founded two libraries, consistinjf of books collected during their residence in England, in- cluding most of those carried oft' by the Duke of Bedford. Charles "VIII, in 1405, added to the collections the books he had brought from Nai>les, after his conquest of that kingdom. In 1544, under Franci« I, the collections had reached the number of 1890 volumes, amon^i'st which were POO printed ones, and 38 or 39 Qxeek Mss. Puring this -67— time the Roval T ih won Of the inonastries at thp v. i ^'i'^" ^he sunnrps nnscripts and Printed .S^e? I!';" ^'^'^^ ^^^^ ^h'-^r »>y treasures from the vT^ ^^P^^^'on I, it ^as enrichl^ of Europe Thp . '"''" ^"^ «^ier ikmon. ! /''^.^^ in tfiis o^'cnpation of p-n-is h, ,, '°"^ libraries "; 181^, caused the greater no , "^ *^^ ^^"^^^ ''^mies Ujocr"^ ""-berV; ;,S^^^^^^^^ restored h500,0o0, amonc- whiVh ., ^ "^^ ^'olumos only ,-s ^,.^ invention to thn ' '^""""^ns of printinl' f "* -.- , ,. "^*^ present dav s<^ ,. ^^"""».? from its • e a fo ,0 Bible printed byiott.X" '^ """' '="™»» St. Den.,, Printed at Paris l^^a .',"°"' t '■^''™'"='" "f •tMente by Fanst a„d sllTr'v ■ " ^'"""- P""ted ••^ns th. ii„t book printed „■,: .'"""" ""^ "ate 1457 manuscript volumes f," ofooi f"' ^^ ">"nber of Or.eutal.nd other hn^T^T' Zfn"'^' ''"'-'^'■. I-ati.; Ial« to the history of Frame A ' °^ ""' »'"»''er re the manuscriptLre s'^rofl^r tf "°^' -"""»: St. ^- ..„, the manuscript of Te emtK " '"'''^'" ^°°^ ot Wd autograph memoirs f W VnV" ^''■'"»'°"'^ °»-» Jo-ephu,, and „„e volume of 30n ■^'^' " "an'^cript of -arnes „f ^, th, ,ic,i„, oTlJobe! ptr^rH' "'""^'"'■"^ 'he •f Terror. There are also in tir^K ^"""^ ""^ «««" — 68 — folio v^ohimes. To this is added a collection of engravings, numbering 1,300,000, contained in upwards of 9,600 porte- folios; also, a collection of 90,000 portraits of celebrated personages of all countries. There is also a very large and valuable collection of coins, medals, and various antiquities. The total number of medals and coins is computed at 150,000, some are unique. The lloman coins are especially remarkable. Besides this, is a fine gallery of ancient sculp- ture, and other antiquities ; among which the most notable are the Egyptian Zodiac of Dendarah, an ancient dial found at Delas, and 12 stones from the ruins of Carthage. A portion of this immense pile of buildings was once the property of Cardinal Mazarin, known as Hdlel de Mazarin till 1719, when it was bought by the regent, and given to the India Company. On the failure of Law's financial sj^stem, in 1721, the Hotel de Nevers, in which his bank was established, bein,g left unoccupied, it was annexed to the former, which at present constitute the immense Library buildings. The buildings are destitute of all external orna- ment. Their length is .540 ioA^A, breadth 130 feet ; the total surface covered by these buildings are 14,300 square yards. In the ceiitre is a Court yard, 300 by 00 feet. The whole of this splendid lil)rary is open free to "visitors. It has a splendid and extensive reading-room, also free to the public. No conversation is allowed, as it is always filled with stu- dents of all classes and nationalities. Persons wishing books nmst apply m writing. Sometimes well-known lite- rary i)ersons are allowed to take books out. The Colonne Vendome, .ff''>• ^ ^^^'» - „ %<: "' '? *'■« '°p- "on of th^ .:;,• '""''"'"•■^ «•<■■'•'' .■mnio, ""'"'■'"•en f very interosting vie« „r p "' ''°''* "'^'^ '.500 000 ft ^' (3 8«;- «te since th« K ^ ^"^'^^^^i ^^lurch h„nf , ' ' "•-<-gai„ ft„,;^'^,' ^7"-y -''■-•-ne„b 7h , /'"^ and 1815 rt ,., ^ """-'"nts vvhioh r„ii ™ Pfojoct ^^^p- The^,;^:™-^-^ until i^r^i^:;;^ ^^ t an elevatod pJatform ^"'*^'^'^"^ order U Z T ^ thian nln ^ ^^^^' ^^'^th 138 A ' f "^ ^'-^ ^'^ steps » "0 — T personages. The principal pediment fronting the square, is the largest sculptured one in the world, being 126 feet in length by 24 in height at the angle. Two years were occupied in the execution of the figures. In the centre is the statue of Christ, with Magdalen at his feet ; the figure of Christ measuring 18 feet in height. To his right are the Angels of Mercy, Innocence, Faith, Hope and Charity ; on the left, the Angels of Vengeance, Repelling Hatred, Unchas- tity, Hypocricy and Avarice ; the other angles at each eiid of the pediment are filled with minor sculptural subjects. The entrance to the church is through immense bronze doors, richly sculptured with biblical subjects, and are only equalled in size and beauty by those of St. Peter's, at Rome, The interior is also of the Cormthian order, and of a most imposing character; the walls and ceilings being richly decorated in white and gold, and paintings of the best masters, as well as statua, by the best sculptors. Some of the most notable are, the marriage of the Virgin, Christ, and St. John at the waters of the Jordan. The high altar, approached by marble steps, — I must here mention, that the whole of the interior of this magnificent church is wainscot- ted with solid white marble, which lends it at once an appear- ance of grandeur and chastity unequalled — This high altar is said to be unrivalled for the richness of its sculptured decorations; a claim which is readily conceded, when one contemplates the masterly figures by Marocchetti; the principal groups of which are, Mary Magdalen in an atti- tude of divine rapture, borne to paradise, on the wings of angels ; the otherp are the figures of archangels in prayer. The artist" Marocchetti received $80,000 for these emana- tions of his genius. These few details will suffice to convey an idea of the general splendor of this monumental place of worship ; its total cost was $2,515,800. -7l_ 0" tile site of fh *hat period ih ' ^'^^ *o I6'20 ^ ^ °''' ^^o^ the "»P^ from thTr. "'• "'''ioi are o„, ^ V^"' "« «-«« chased 6^0',^?"' ™''>cf. n,r •'' '"^'"' J'""")--..! veiled, aL r """ ''« K'-heJie,, i. """'«°» *« pur /-pCt' a/;''';i-'- ^uiut^nr :v\ Jo«'.eoclesmstie/of, ? "»% Personal w'"'^'' *«« «''""'««,«,„,„ ™"^ ''? the facto ,■''"'"'"''■'"»•• ""« from h s or"'"'""' "''"■''-■ """ufri '""•'■ »""" '™»'. With Zr "'■""• ^'"^ '^ »o„;„l ■ "rP""''""' ""'Pit "?ain I th ""'" '"'"monistic hlr^ " '*"•""?« <=->■'- P-rtofthel!! ..""""■ ^'"' '»'o (t T^"*"' from th, Rioheiieu l^"'''"''"''"'ou>rh no ° ''"•'' »"■" form . ^y foe "1*^' ^""7 °''he-pa,t;;^^-''ybniJt under ^'»t, With i, i„:ti ; ''"'"" ''=^™°» " re! ^r. k'"^°'«' onffinal plan of (! u «■' "' 'heirpresent 7^, "■" ""fr« >^iti three grind T t '^"'^ of ove, L ?"' "' '■""■I. .""f ">e »piSr ofhtr '■"""'=" " - "cl:? ''^''*' jealousy of thp v "^'"'S^"* i« said to / ^"^^^ flrarden; ^^^^"^ CardJn^I.^;^ ^- ^"-«^- »re:S:?^.,f; »^?S ''B^'^^^'^iT^Jt r- ^^ --ted ^^is famous p«/„,„ ,., '^^"'- -- - -. W;.:f^:rK- rtir t^- - -« ^o^^«, ih^ records of m — 72 — which are more fit for the pages of the Memoires of the Re- gency than the present ones. Alter the death of Louis XIII, in 1G43, Anne of Austria, witii the young King Louis XIV, alsQ made it her abode, during the turbulaut times of the Fronde. In 1092, the pahvee was ceded by Louis XIV to Philippe, Duke of Orleans, his nephew, as part of his apa- nage, on his marriage with Mademoiselle de Blois. Here the Duke, placed in one of the grand galeries, the valuable collection of paintings which he had purchased in various parts of Europe, and which, celebrated as the Orleans gal- lery, was sold during the earlier troubles of the revolution of 1789, when the greater part passed into England. Here too had been arranged, by order of the King, a collection of medals and engraved gems, equally well known, which were subsequently purchased by the Empress of Russia. During this period, the debts of the Duke having become so enormous, by a course of luxury and prolhgacy, which history scarcely aftbrds a parallel, he meditated on declar- ing himself insolvent, when it was determined, by the ad- vice of the brother of Madame de Genlis, to erect shops in the buildings, and allow various outdoor amusements within the garden, in order to increase his revenue ; this plan succeeded, but during the political commotions that preceded the outbreak of 1789, the garden became the rendezvous of the most violent politicians of the day ; it was here that the tri-coloured cockade was first adopted, as well as many of the bolder measures of the popular party were decided on. After the execution of the Duke, in 1798, his palace was confiscated, and soon converted into sale- rooms, ball-rooms, and cafes. In 1795, a military commis- sion was established here, and one of the large galleries fitted up for the tribunate, with apartments for the Presi- dent and the two questors. During this revolutionary pe- riod, the Palais successively assumed several titles, such as Palais Egalite, Palais du Tribunal, &c. In 1848 it was called Pa/a/s National. Under Napoleon I it resumed its '■"1-mer (iti,, „„, . „ *~ , '"". Ueecssi-r- (• ' -"i. 1111,7,,,., •' ■""torps^. ™""' -"1 :„-,;r,. "'t'^- »'■ '^"4,s;:;:r'■"'^""" »- ■ ,r'°'-"'-^ '■'- w: L" ,;' "- '"-'..«./;,' ,:;'"-T advice '•"'o^ai -olio., .,"""'"«"« ''../..„;! 'f"'y «.'t to ,h„ P°"'"i»orb,.„k, ■""">• ''"' mo tl '"" ™-«»>- "■r^ °^' "> • n : ^;;;" ■;';' ^''"« ooi, :,^7 "-«« ^»,ooo '"■''"■ "' (!.,. ii ; "■ '"'■■'■■la.-.,, ,rt, ""'° '■«m. ••■■=i"u..t,„,,i ;,,";"■■'", Of ,iK. ciwo '; T' ""'^ I'v -'-■'I"-™, -.,-„;:'•';'' - •■■.(,)>!,,;„:■';■;, "■'* "u,.i '° "='■"'■ "-"h (he. trau":,™™-'^«Pa,.a|J,,, — 74 — If handsome garden, arc liuilt in aroado.s, occupied by some of the most eleirant .shops in Paris, mostly d(»Yoted to articles of luxury which in tlieir disj)lay, produce a most brilliant (^H'ect, particularly durinu* <>'ns-liuht. In these arcades are also the world- renowned restaurants and cafes — Cfifc de Foij, Vefoi/r, Lr>i /rois Fri-im Provi nniiu\ and the Cofu de la Rnfondr, all uniqu'^ in their kind. It may be interestini^ to know that some of these shops, oocupyin^" only the g-round ilat and ccllai', rent as high as from ;},000 to 5,000 francs per annum, or s^OOO to s;1000 ; the double and triple shops paying" in proportion. Formerly, in the same buildings, were installed the irambling houses, the transactions of which resounded ovtn- I'hirope. Some of the cafes date from a very early period, and became celebrated previous to 178JJ. In .^lie Cafe de Foij th(^ Datonists used to hold their meetings. The Girondists held theirs at the Crfe de Chartres. The C///b dea Jacohhis ^vas also formed in one of them ; from another, Camille Desmoulins harangued the populace on the night of the famous charge of Prince de Lambese. The Palais l^oyal is still the resort of politi- cians, idlers, the demi-monde, and rentit'rs of the capital. These may be said almcst to li\'*' within its ]>recincts. It is not without reason that it is called the " Cap,' fa/ of /V/r/.v," as it certainly is more frequ(Mit'Hl than any oDv.'r space of equal dimen.sions in the city, and is continually crowded with all classes of the community. The gardeii and shops surrounding it are the most attractive featur(\i! of this re- markable site. The garden forms a rectauLvle of 700 by 300 f(^et, surrounded by the arcades Bemf/olais, Monipensier, Valois and du Jardhi ; it is planted with rows ot ])eautiful lime trees from end to end; in the centre are two hand- some tlow^er gardens, separated by a circular basin, with a water-spout, it is also adorn(>d Avith many bronze and marble statues, somi* of which are more iltted for a museum than out-door display. Near the statue of Eur //dire, is a Solar Cannon which is fired at Meridian, regulating- the |:=;is:t *-•-:t»S-r '''^}« Wind up — 7(3 (lurin;:^ iho sovt'ial wot-ks preceding' AhIi AVediie.sday, iliouiih a sort o{' rel;ii)se takes pluco nt the ini-carriiir. The three last days precxlhiii" Av//. Sunday, Moiuhiy, and Tue.s- day, are the mo.sl arlra''ti\- ■ ui' the dancJiii;' mania — the hist of these (hiys, Mnnti-i^rna, or tr»' uvc ion ]);dls, in V'hich dauoinu; tnkes ])iai'(' every niiihl of ihe week, Ihonii'h somi' make tho8al)l)ath an exeepiion. At' many more exist beyond the city walls The most iiitcrestiiiLf and most cele- ])rated of the I'aiis wiuler l)all-v(M)ms, is the t<(il/r Volnitiun. It is divided into two hirLi'e halls, ilu lirst iXlleet by -))). the seeond 110 by 04. 'I'lie archileetnre is a medly of [Moorish and Ci I'eek, the columns are u-aily dceoraii'd in thai peculiar stvle and from iJKMr relleclion in iKe niirrovs thai cover the walls, produce r. brilliant siy'lit. .Vroiuid the rooms runs a recess with cushioned seats whci'c Ihose who do not wish to mix in the animation oi'the dances, may ri»st, and vi(>w the interestiuLr scene before th(>m. Here may be witnessed rare specimens ol' Parisian danci u'; wluviever the rolicemen's backs are turned the rtturnii reiuns in all its^'lory, to ueneral(^ into a sober quadrille (inure as soon as danu'cr is apprehend- ed. As to the Walt/ and Polka tl'c vi.siior (;an see every variety oi'embrace; the contovlions tuid kicks some oi'the dancers indulii'e in are astoundinu' to a novice in Parisian lialls. The ladies toilettes are far iVom nc/nrclicfs ; and as lor the re admitted without distinction, on payment ol' mom>y, was uiven at the Opera House, January "Jiid, 171('>, on a. license granted by the liegeut, Duke ol' Orleans. It was also at the Upeia 'L — so- ns a theatre, two V(^;irs ];i[(^rthev romov(>d to ono of the 1'"/: hih theativ« ])iiilt hv [U'luM!' (■jcii ils^^nnil^' u' tuli' () a Trointe Ui>iinl(\'' li: \v;is at thi atr »' Hi: Mi )ll;'r( w playing' in oiu> ol' hi?: own ■.'()nj('\1i"s [L'' M lUnh' Im(i;2:iniiire) is said to liavc^ o.x])iii>d. At tliis period the ir.iiuljer of theatres was Jive, hi 171'!, all Monopolies havinii" been abolished. ;")! ueAv tlieatres sprmio; U]) at once, the coiiso- qiieiiee was that they were all riHliieed to the utmost dis- tress. In ISOT, Napoleon I sui)i)ress(Hl th(Mn all with the exception o!''.' ; a eonp-Misidion j)ei))'_>- ru'i le to the others. Alter the restiu'aiioii o!' ihe IJiuirhons, the number ayain sliii'htly i.uereasi^d until ihe reiii'n oi' Louis I'hijippe, when it reaehed -3, whieh nnniber is ihe same at prc^seut. The emiiunie, f tlie iM'ench stau-e is too well known to n(^ed comment in these pa^-es. Di'sides the theatres, there are 145 places of amusenuMit in the t'epiti'l. The averau'e ntiniber of spectators at the theatres eaeii nia'ht is ealeulated at al)ont 20 thousands; at the other phiees of amusement at 24,000. The total receipts o[ i'u' theatres for tlie year IHol, amor,"^ ed to 10,400,000 trancs, which is about th > q'eneral ave':^'ji'e. All these places of ])ubiie aui.^sement pay to the Govern- ment 10 per cent ol' their receipts, lor the nuunteiumco of Ilospiiuls and Charitable Institutions. Some of the theatres receive an annual subsidy from thedovcrnment on various ])leas — the l/nliiiii O/.'///', i)ecaus(> Ihe number of persons acquainted with that lanuu;ia'e. in Paris is limited; the Thealfi Fr/uirai'!, to counteract ihe dei'lin* of puldic taste for the more (dassic i>vodu.ct'o!is of the sta^re ; the Opera Cnmiqui\ in order to cultivate ai:d encouvaii'e a taste for th( hi^'her styles of national music; to the Ot/rj/t, ])ecause of its haviuG' to strugu'le au'ainst ihe disad.vanla>i'i\s of its loca- lity. In France as in l']niiland, Tae interests of dranatic au- thors are well secured ; they receive duriniif Hie, for a piece of 3 or 5 acts, oiie-eighteenth, and ibr one of 1 act, — 81 — '^''' •M'onod„r;jOy,.,j,, A fact well 1 placo.s of puhl Kuowu, i.s fh, )ol lU' in P, ini^nt, ill 111 P"'>lic voson. ^nch hu\ 'Js. that p "'.vsi-'m cmplovo,] ut ''i'«0!is proceed ire pol iiniao-os, are ohliqvd ;"^-!op!a.-o.s„lp,,},j theat alJ '>r(Ior to avoid de] res no coiUhsi «'

''ioiehaiid Ay-am oil leavii IL*- 'ce, no ^ owner not stop in at.l « nntii th l'»'l'.S011.S hciiio- ('v are ii 1 ^\■.•iiI ord.M-ed oil' by ih, „,,] sides th pOilce, ( "' proper moiiKMit City G t^-so re,n-ul;i(ioj i^^. are <> inak.> way i',, mo- . h is oiti( overnnieiu. ^1 i)i'''cautions on tl 1* iinoih(>r. J{ 's, would "eh. ni'i le \'^' iruthiul '' thev iin part or the Innlaliunh Virt-wr In "'■'•^ fo >iu" anonial itated hy oth er and other attend Edition to the ord **us luaxini >!»ts. at theatres, 1 he ( Jotachm iHiTPer/onnances. Outside th "^''^n- \va!eh ontor.SV//;r///-.s-/v,,,,^^^. I'y authoriti <"'■••>'. or iirenuMi i men ^"« send a uirassiers, or .Mounied C »' huildiii; f> ""duivdur- ■ are s tation «'/Av, very little trouhl osting- and our e IKH'd \h '>u«sio-Jit eonne<-tpd will prehended. A 0P<-;>nno-, and is eoninioniy eaJ] 1 til eati es. is th i^ <'ainenf, and I Wo lein ari had i\\ eir s upp, »''t'-^e, evidentlvn seen •'se crowd Though th inconveni(>n n^.^ular JiJe oi quarter or a, nile, and eael ^- at home, in order to be earl •11V immense, but lilil Oi iiavino- .\' at tile doors. ^^•' IS attended ; f!j iw <>or tin crowd ln.i),„. ''(' al)rea,st. some ti in trouble or arrano-ed jj^ es ai should ahead, th( 'y •" the rear ranks n>cr.o]itakina- his tick. cxtendinn- ■y are ninnediatel attempt to '< in t urn tnd ur tl o\ernui those us ol theatre-u xoers eertainl orein-n visitors, j.-rl Hiifue or pjM'ar V a n 'aps ridicu- — 32 — lous, yet the system or police rei^ulations causing the Pari- sians to submit to this order oi' things, is indeed superior to what is witn(\ssed at the opeuhig of English and American theatres; where the crowds rush in pell-mell, pulling and tearing at one smother, to reach the box-office. As concerns the interior of Paris theairos, they are generally inferior to other Continental and American theatres. The decorations are gorgeous, in some cases too much so ; perhi;i>s the sjround on which the theatres of Paris stand unrivalled is the Staii:r Department, particularly that of the Grand Opera House, Their exterior appearance is. with few exceptions, very handsome ; the most conspicuous are the new Aca- demy of 3Iusir, not yet finished, its progress having been delayed since the downfall of Napoleon III, the Odeon, the Italian Opera Hi, ,:. total number of persons employed in the Paris theatres, is 4,s28, of which 400 are box-keepers, 7oO clerks, &c. ; 000, including costuraors, car- penters, and scene-shirtcrs, (180 musicians, and 2.043 per- formers. The average amount paid out in salaries, is 3.;)84,0H0 francs, or 700,(i!i*< dollars, exclusive of special re- muneration to " Stiii<." Wi" may now pass from pviblic amusemtMit to ]>nblic monuuh nls again. The Colonne dk .Iuilt.et. This b.'autiful i)illar, dedicated to th(- " 0.>nius of Li])erty." stands on the site of the state i>rison. La JJastitle, which was taken by the people, as before mentioned, on the 14th of July. 17?^!» Th>» sit" remaint'd an open space until Napoleon 1. when he order' -d the construction of a fountain, which was commen<'(>d, according to desiirns by Denon ; this was io consist of a colossal elephant of hronzo ; the heiiiht ol' the animal, including the tower on its l^aek, was to have been 72 feet : the water wa^ to issue trom the trunk ; in one of the legs, which >\ ere inteiultn^ to mca.sure ""•'■'■"' ^' n.,„,,„„;J:' ^""'-'^ '/,. ,.,v„,„„ " '' « 'ho folio,.. sliu'ht viltralions durinu' slronii' l)l!ist.s (»!' wind thouj^'h without ihe least danuer to its lonndation. The Total weiu-hl of metal employed is ir)o.2^<8 lbs., its eo.st 1, 224,098 Iranos, or about !S2-t4,sr.». About 200 yards from tko column was erected one of the most formidable barricades of the insurgents, during the revolution ol' 1H4.S. It was on this that the Arehbishoj) of Paris. Monseigneur Denis All're, was shot June 2.j, while atti'Uipting to conciliate the contending parties. .Iustl\ urif'ved on account of the bloody conllict which had been spreadintr desolation throughout the nu'tro])olis, he waited upon General Cavaignac, tln-n chief of the executive power, and ofibred to go in person to induce the insurgents to lay down their arms. The General at once gave his consent and the benevolent Archbishop proceeded to the Badille. Alter ol)tainiiiu" from (reneral Perot, com- manding th.e troops, a cessation of hostilities for the space of one hour, advanced towards the barricade, preceded by a young man carrying a green olive branch before him in token of peace, when, by some unfortunate misu.nder- standing, the lire recommenced. The Archbishop seeing that his eiibrts were vain, retired, wlien he was struck by a bullet. The insurgents carried him to the nearest hos- pital, loudly declaring their innocence in the act. The extraction of the ball was impossible. He expired the following day, June the 2ijth, in his palace ; his last words wore, '■ May my blood bv the last spilt in civil war !" Cemetery of Pkre La Chaise. The site of these now celebrated l)nrial grounfls, in the 14th centiiry became renowned through one Iveirnault, a rich grocer, who, enchanted by the picturesque beauty of „ -- 85 — ='«qiientJv soon . " ''" ""iroJv 1„, . "'"' <'<"''ned bought by a (■„„,.'" ,""» op„l.„„ ,,2.t^' ^'!'""i<^l^,,a„U. ;7f r^iv a,;;;:;;;; '■'•*» «,., p.:; ;;-;-«.„ „.a. '""' ^^'"'S m„d, a,;;,.^ *;' •'"«...■,, ,„ ea/I i ,'''^' •^"«'fe-. "PPoiiKod him .J"-" '"'J to I'c.,.„ J,,, ch' ' ", '^I"'" touis power in F,„'°"'J^°»'» boca,,,.. ih, 1 ''''"''""'■"». in .""-"Woa, ; ;, '^"-^ »ea,.,y ,,o .t"'- '"' •'-"'-1 ■^» ""«. When .h ^''^^''"--. '''"■••^■iaidout. J- , ^' ^'""'"i'H'd 4V".7 '•™'^'>o,, then '■"'o «au»i„„ j/. ',""';■'»". ThJo,;'^ ■^•*;«""o», nnde, ""■ -'-.Pilee;-' tt'f 7 <'-o'«hodt „tr''' '""^ " ffowids i„ 0,-er 150 ■"''■ The ores, m "^"^ ''<>'■ '"'« use i„ ,8,, ' ""'■^- ■■' "-as eo,',. "'""t oi' the ^ »-ve 'J.^.,:" 7: "•« ^"». ^ A% ^ttf '■'^ P- ■no-ument., their <.„.„, "■"''"«' to»i,. a' ^■'■"'' ""^ ''"'■■"•M'ended" ,r "''"'^^<' "'■••'ore A^^''^'" ^ew ^"■^•'""■eofthe er L?^"°" "'^ ". ,*; "'.r'""" ''*'■' »' ">» ".ore eelebrrtedf'''""-«»"eahi,i ;'""';: '"">y o( """d Peraonages «h„.e re^ '"^*°™-' f«majU8 ,re i„. — 86 — terred luM-e is certainly intoro&ling : they arc as lollows : lit'loise and Abt'lard ; Casimirc PrrieT, I'riiiU' Minis- ter in '['><-]2 ; Labt'doyero, Laiomiiiuif've, tlie ilhistiioiis l>rort»s;»or ol' philosophy : Iiaciiol and Mile Duohp- nois, the rcnowni'd ti'ii'^edicnnes : ( roncvals 8t. Cyr and Macdonald, Count Lavalottc. Unpuylicn, tlu' ccle- 1:)vat(>d surnoon : La Countess Dcniidofl, Viscount do Mav- ti'^nac, so well known i'or his manly and touehinu-deronot' of his old political antaiionist, Trinco do I'oliii-nac, at the bar of the (.'haTiibor of i't'crs. alter the revolution of 1830; Abbe Sicard, once director of the Deaf and Dumb Institu- tion ; Marshals Lefebre, Massenn, Davoust ; l^eauraarchaip, the dramatist ; Marshal Ney, — the spot euclosinii' the re- mains of this i^reat soldier, until vovy lately, -was merely laid out as a ^mall garden ; Dmj'amin Constant, the able political writer and essayist: Molii-re. ont^ of France's irrealest dramatic poets : La Fontaine, thi; LTeat fabulist ; Moratin, the celebrated Spanish dramarist : J^aplace, the great astronomer; Gay-Lussac, the emiiuint chemist ; Vol- ney, Sydney Smith, J-.uscomb, AVeber. llui)bard ; Aguado, the linancier, \'c.: Talma, the gifted histrionic artist ; Ore- try, Boieldieu, Delisle, BoUini. all celebrated in the musical world : Auber and Mt-yerbeer have also been placed within this resting place. Tliough a burial place it is not without associations of an exciting character ; each revolu- tion, and even the invasion of I'oreign foes, has met with stu])born ol)Stacles from behind thi' silent tonibs of the Pere La C/inise. In .I^'■14. while the allied forces were approaching' Paris, formidable batteries were established in the cemettn-y whicli connuands the plain extending to Vincennes. The walls were pierced with loop-holes behind which stood the pupils of the School of Alford, who occu]ned the position, and resisted two attacks of the liussian troops, itnder (leneral Harkiay de Tolly ; on the third attack the Russians at last succeeded in making themselves masters of the position, not without tremen- — 87 — clous Joss Xjj . '"■• ''"■!. „„i bi,l" ''""•'■ 'nam- „(■,[?""'■"'"■'"? ^^•^^'•••'a o,-,l,.,,.d „ -"" "■■•« "iins ,,.,•.,;■.„ '"'"'""" ''•■"! "°"«"' ".i... „, r"™' ""- as(i oned. ^"i'^ crubr •'iiiij I,,,/ '■;>]) OS ^ynrk or IV,' lilUl t] v.S «!i«i ibri nv J>iKssetI ibr '^n>»i'.'iu fa \\'itJi ^■^''i V, Jli, ^■'■•"■^^'l \\ i(h a/ ": '^\" />iini. !irs ressHN. xjjp, lii, ''•«U()])f isojir mill oy lb )0 ineai) dopfh \''''''^innM anvh K'h of (ij y;ih( "•' iCfjj •' nvpj. sj' It of I'cnt aroj- •rill ;,J (i^iiU-ii ejiie. th o/ I] II J i'V 46 r, max thp i enc,. to tl "* ''>P oi thi ^•'''' and / 01 u ] )n-o I Phuioiih ai'a poinh (hh of '-i-th or ese hh ^JOO fv pro- et. I'r ^onry oi' tlu V"i if . ';'" ^'-^ to ,50 ^ ^^y-ht of OJlc '^'^^ral rnuu. I^Iacod (?arth ept irj) 'uoih. Inite., ^^«> With P; 'V//^' Wis. \^'-b^l,ii Th, (listi inee — 88 — of the fortifiod belt from the octroi wn/ls, ordti/ ira/ls, vari#8 from 700 yards to al)out two miles. The for/s detaches arc 17 in number, prosentinu- 9'5 fronts ; thoj' includo maj^fuzines, barracks, Ike. Their iiames are as follows : Fori de No- gent, Fort de Charanlon, Fort de Rosti//, Fort de Noist/, Fort de Romninville, Fort d'Anbcrvilliers, Fort de I'Est, Fort du Nord, Fort de la Bridie, Fort du Mont Va/erien, (the most imposinjj of all;; Fort de Vanrres, Fort d'Iss//, Fort de Montroxige, Fort de Bicetre, Fort d'lvrif, Lunette de Stains, Fort de Rourrai/. These are calculated for 2,238 mortars, cannons, &e., o7o rampart guns, 200,000 muskets, 1,500 Congreve rockets, 2,700 gun carriages, employing one million of projectiles of ^ arious sorts. The strongest of all the forts around Paris, that of the Mont'Valerien, stands on the summit of the eminence bear- ing the same name. It is situated about seven miles and a-half from the city, and nearly 600 feet above the river Seine. Prior to the introduction of Christianity into France, this mound was the scene of many pilgrimages of the Druids and other Pagan priests, and even of the early Christians ; from that date it was respected as a place of religious devotion. In 1789, the revolutionary spirit put a stop to the practice. Shortly after the restoration ^f the Bourbons the practice once more returned in vogue, when a fraternity of Trappists settled there ; but at the revolu- tion of 1830 the place was entirely withdrawn from the influence of the church, when, at the ascension of Louis- Philippe, the old chapels and crosses were substituted by the present immense fortress, at a cost of !S)900,000. The peculiar position of this fort and its eminence give it com- mand over Paris as well as Versailles, St. Cloud, Nantere, and Surene. The Prussians will never forget the terrible iiring from that quarter. n ^f noTT nest .s(,. hri(h POK-T 89 "cfu •0. IS th^. J ,, -'"crujvs or iK. K- , 'i'Miry III , , "'^ '^'IKl ''^"^o.sr ,, ^^^,j^ I'Ji •^ ^vorJ^ 'a .[ iii-.sf iirjs , .s(()n as ns (^ o '111 en I ""nerl by ^'"'■^'■'^^s or txv it w ,"^^^ of the* only north ■on. J. ,• "^''^ ''Mu-.,ovv.. . •^'■a with part \ /Ik '■'- in aJl , iniich ''f^'^n-oadih inci -) m;u ""J>aire(?, ft in h ••I l"(,,J Hid J,t J J'orthern >U'n e.v- 'J!IK|)if). '5:i, tJ "■'•hes. th( !M, •'^outJi ^with ly I _ ^^'ii>s nearjy „/] '!<> C ■'^"sfnictioi: *Pau ,)J- } Qoo i / ieift. '"•niaiiio,,^,^! -!;:-----; ,4;;; :--^n.teci..wj "'^"^ ioixnd .innc ii(hl- '""la aiiin,^ , '""ly Jii'.-lir ,v • ,. '"^' au(i. 120 h o/ " ^^''^n,^ ^vas d '^'('ctod hv 1 l Ji h >o;, Unio; At t nc ""<''i(Ic(I to hkcl ' '■ '>at a Atth tiiul wh P'^occ of art ti ostr orect a ■"Ved '" T7i>2 "li/hi b )(• ^'»''i£?-ni/icoj,t <>\v, ;\r < >'i it.s '"OJIPIO W'e.stoj.jj 'tafuf <'^-^'nt.s o/ 7^si4 •'^'^1^ A^apoJ,-.on J eec 'Ct. ''i'^ioMriaii JO P(-'dc.sta| Was .^07,4;,. >i"on;^( iiu JS Oi' I ^i\ni- are /), ^•^'P^'esents the I '"'''''^'^'^^ of H u) tlin ,\,L , . ^'"S' conim.,,,,7- *''■.«"'•'' «i'.i.:. ',,,•, ;;:„""'"'■""■' *'"' inhahiti ,^-«-oon.n.a,:)-""^^^-^^^-ii '•^••-Jit sides oi- ^'i^i^aJ. bad ta], 'Ill's of 1 ^^^^^■»^- food oil try the Jii Ji ''^'<^ii i-e/h. ''^ ^-i^V-, as • Who, d ■'1 hi s c to / :nrij,q. ,/, U'St OJle "' "^'^trihiUvd SJO'i ''^P- anoth 'e o oi-d< '/' 'hf of h ^/' Vobai ^'ominuji IS iate re",s ists, Hi Ik i' th IS ^'»nVu/e." j)„ P<'(Josta] as in fiinjio- tb ^ny other •'^i>ioiidid ■Jng- th ^^'"^- ])J 'J'aii;, :e re Piac^l eem da^ riidoi- copy ''mtiil, it h ^ "^«diioss of s in r ::r^"' "-* d,„ j^l-'- ">« OM-(M-er. th uns; it ose \vas fs ^iJice th. ^^ouJd.b cast e sani( ^^^^" restored re storut "^ ^'•'?one.at into iho Se inr ^^ i^^ form 12 lOJl of 'I' pi. ord lee "^•« of tht cvin th,. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 IIM nil 2.5 IlliU IIM 2.2 12.0 1.8 1.4 nil 1.6 V] 'O .V ny\,>-.^ 23 WEST MAIN STR66T WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 n? Q- c?. I — 00 — In closing these few chapters, a few remarks on the character and manners of the people of this wonderful city, quoted from an Euf^lish writer, who wrote some 45 years ago, will give a very correct idea of the Parisians of to-day : " The most prominent feature in the character of the Parisian is a peculiar politeness which rarely fails to please, though it is not always exempt from hypocrisy ; oven in the lower classes, pervades a peculiar politeness of be- havior approaching often to the ridiculous ; the dustman, the porter, or the milkmaid salute each other in the street with all the scrupulous punctilios Avhich would be prac. ticed in the English drawing-room ; to strangers Parisians are particularly civil " " A fondness lor public amusement is a principal feature in Parisians and the French generally ; their principal days for amusements are Sundays and Mondays. On Sun- day afternoons the Parisians go out in all their finery ; the public gardens, museums, cafes and ball rooms are crowded, as well as the theatres, in the evenings ; in all these recreations, whether out-door or in-door, never is tumultuous noises or drunkenness witnessed, as is but too often seen in the British metropolis ''. *' In the above sketches of the Parisians, the fair sex de- Serves a share of attention. In France, more than in any other country, do they shew their supremacy, though it may be doubted whether that apparent power is not gained at the expense of real prerogatiAe. It is perhaps more of a compliment yielded by the over-strained polifesse of the Frenchman than the faithful and undeviating homage of the heart. When one penetrates into the recesses of pri- vate life it is perceivable that the female rules everywhere, but in her native element, the heart of her husband. This is a notorious fact, the influence of which is felt not only in Paris, but in both hemispheres " <' ■ — 91 -^ " The Pan'sians are nft^ rTln """' •-•'-'ion.'td tr ' t *^''°"-'>' "' 'Heir \f>t be meant to ,a,,„i. „ ,^„ especmlly with foreiifners " "• are i,ot inferfo, j„ '^ ^™^« of honor, these gentle- "'"• T'"' Parisian trade.min 1 " '"'"'* "'"1 Partly «« "l„e of hi. g.ood4 he "it 1 "'"''"■'"''^ »°''» ftan l'^e-ntati„„ („ obj,;,, j^ "; " '•Pa™ no «.„„, .^ „j an ho„est principle which Zl ' "''* ""'' '^ ™"'ffle"»'""". a ar',e es are preserved w.ti S^;^""" """ """>• or tie To then- honor and civilih "'■"■' """' '"'' ^>^tmn. a.»Ple and willing tes,i,"„,;J':..:;-^^>V--"«- can heat MlSOEI.r.ANKOfs. Besides the facilities affi.,..lo i ■ . ;-'"""ons. &e., another^ tre"oV„:;''"\*" '"■"'>''"'''- f '^^'>'^- aWorded in introd ctiol '," "" ""P""' '^ also obtained, of course tlrotv,* fh , "'"" ^'-"'^ «adily Ambassadorof theoount^t. -T' '"'■''""". '^at of ,hl ^''-e admitted, ati;rt::;:-;r-^'»-:;: Durmg- the winter seao„ of letters. C^ief Lib^t ''"'!""' "" "'« »-«(. great Literary and SeienM T™: i"" '""''»- "f the ako held receptions, wher i„ H '" "'' *" ^'aPital, •t^^ -92- tag'eoiis to the stranger, were those of the rresident of the JS^^nate, Ministers of State, the Ecclosiastical dignitaries, &c. .Mac}), gratification \vas also obtained at the recei)tions given by the directors and principal artisles of the hniding Thea- tres. At all those soirees, the host does not always act as introducer, considering the number of foreigners circulating the task Avould indeed be impossible. The name of the guest is usually announced at the door of the Salon, when, after a salutation of the hosts, movement within and exit are entirely J'ree ; long visits and long "talks" are not boii ton, as it is customary to attend several the same evening, A refined and amial>le courtesy rr.arks the deportment of all the entert ainers. The number of ladies who figure at the Ministerial Soirees is comparatively small, though all the I'emale members of the Minister's family generally at- tend. . As regards the climate of the Metropolis, it is naturally salubrious; Aariable, but not unfavorable to health. The purety of its atmosphere is at once ascertained ()y A'iewing it from an elevated situation. Unlike the view irom St. Paul's in London, with its canopy of clouds and fogs and sickly sunbeams I there every building is blackened by smoke, and the eye looks down upon darkening vapours and niist.s ; but if I'aris be seen from the towers of Notre; Dame, or the Arc d*^ Triomphe, the panorama is complete, there is no indistinctness or confusion in the prospect ; every palace, church, and public edifice stands distinctly before you, interspersed with the i'oliago of the gardens and boulevards, the whole forming a view at once imposing and beautiful. Statistics. The population of Paris in 1474 amounted to 150,000 souls; in 1710, to 490,000 ; in 1798, to 640,000 ; in 1802, (war), to 071^,000 : in 1808 it had fallen to 581,000 ; in 4 1 \ 3817, fppace). iUiailri..,,,, |„.,.i,o.. . was computed „t2,oio.2io " """■-' «"• 3S70, jt The number uf tiadt-j in P • • , boys and 10,000 girls Tlio • ' ° "'"""■'"^ 30.000 ""t ii.tie beite,. Lu in L^^? s:^:,::' "'"*'' '"•^'>"°-- OfthepoptilationoiTr.,-,-, „, , , people, I say ^voHdn/po;ioi ''"'?"'''"■ "™ ^"'^'"S -Kl a,-e employ,,,, ,,. aJy^^Ji"'" f'"^*- "•'>» o.npio; ;h« .•«..ai.,.b.. bve „p„,. i ■ " , :;r:"™,<;'' '"•'"*■■'■• *- ^ '"«■}■«■«, physieia,,,., &,, j., .,■"""■ "'«'"• "'^ bankers, ■ire about 700 ),„ker. „„'■""■»" that tbere elas,s,*there are neari;' t, , w'"'^^ '"■"'" r»''*«icnal ■' nnJjmited. Tl.e nu,..,I,.,. ,,• "' ' ""^'■'- "■''...•<.• number -^;, vi.: ^.,>f::t ';^''f '"■'''• '^■-"'«" Paris seem to keo,, ,.„..: 'ith II, ' "T^" "^ '^•'■^""""■^ ■" «ons of .,.., capi,;,;,,,; ^, ^,^ "..■d.co.seientifie ins.itu- '0.-, Perhaps, as .emarlced one "o 0^™"'^ '"'°"""^- chem,sts„„d pl,isyolo3-is,s ol' !> „ee _^^' ■■^■^' ™""e"t --remarks bear more tru.i:'::^:::::::-:;^- -5S^ Hr'^fflW"^ *<»■ ^ 94 -^ remarks were intended more against the system of confer- rin<«- degrees on parrots, instead of intellectual human .cra- niums, than against the ancient order of Esculapius. Thus, from a few Gaelic barbarians and mud huts, sprang a city, which after having passed through the drawplate of centuries and civilization, stands to-day unrivalled in magnificence, and as a centre of civilization. ' aMMah TABLE OF OOiNTENTS. 1'" k 14 Note by the Author 2 Dedication 5 Hiatxiry of Paris b Cathedral, Notre-Dainc 23 Palais de Justice (City Hall) 2t Hfitol Diou (General Hospital) 2 t 77 Opera Balls ) „. _„ f 76 ,/, ,. Winter Balls \ „„ Valentino J I 7S The Drama 79 Colonne de Juillet S2 Cemetery of Pore la Chaise 84 Fortifications 87 Mont Valcricn 88 Pont-Ncuf, with tlio Status of Henry IV 89 Notes on tho character an^l manners of the Parisians 90 Miscellaneous 91 SlatieticB 92