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V // //^y/ r Reviews, &c.,— Returns to England 70 1818^ 1819 Proceeds to India '. 71 1825 Siege of Bhurtpore 74 1830 Clothing exchanged from 6/f«e to «car/(?; . 77 1838 Returns to England 80 1839 Reviews, &c., — Good appearance of the Regiment 81 1840 Escorts Prince Albert of Saxe Cobourg . . 85 Equipped as Hnssars and styled Prince Albert's Own 85 Clothing changed from scarlet to blue . 86 I ■ ! I Vlll Year CONTENTS. 1840 Address from the Citizens, &c., of Canterbury 1841 Furnishes Escorts for the Queen 1842 for the King of Prussia . Reviewed by the Queen .... The Conclusion Page 86 89 91 92 93 mi I h Jm ;i ! SUCCESSION OF COLONELS 1715 Philip Honey wood .... 1732 Lord Mark Kerr 1 752 William Henry Earl of Ancram 1775 James Johnston 1785 Honorable Thomas Gage 1787 Joseph Lord Dover, K.B. 1789 Studholme Hodgson 1798 William John Marquis of Lothian, K.T. 1813 Lord William Henry Cavendish Bentinck 1839 Lord Charles Somerset Manners, K.C.B. 1839 Philip Philpot 1840 His Royal Highness Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emanuel, Duke of Saxe, Prince of Saxe Cobourg and Gotha, K.G., G.C.B. 1842 Arthur Benjamin Clifton, K.C.B. 1842 Charles Murray, Lord Greenock, K.C.B. 95 97 99 100 101 102 103 104 106 107 107 107 Page 86 89 91 92 93 95 97 99 100 101 102 103 104 106 107 107 107 ! I' 'Ml it . I hi " '"A- .ii,>/;,„,,,». .'!'.■«"" ELEVENTH, THE PRINCE ALBERT'S OWN, HUSSARS. rOR OANHOM*! MILITARY BCCO^DS HISTORICAL RECORD OK THE ELEVENTH. on, I'HINCE ALBERT'S OWN HUSSARS. The peaceful accession of King George I. to the 171, throne of Great Britain and Ireland, on the 1st of August, 1714, appeared to extinguish the hopes of the adherents of the Stuart dynasty ; and this happy event, occurring at the close of a long and sanguinary war, which had wasted the resources of the states of Europe, was hailed as a guarantee for the preservation of the Protestant religion, and as the harbinger of years of peace and pros- perity. The expectations of the people were, however, only realized in part. The friends of the Pretender soon recovered from the conster- nation into which they had been thrown, and their exertions to kindle the flame of civil war in Great Britain, and to procure the aid of a foreign force to place the Chevalier de St. George on the throne, rendered it necessary, in the summer of 1715, for his Majesty to augment the army. B 21 illSTOKICAI. RF.COI<[) Ol'' 171ft Bkioadier-Gbneral Philip IIoneywood, who had comnianded a regiment of foot in tlie preceding reign, and who had accjuired the reputa- tion of a brave, experienced, zealous officer, firmly devoted to the interests of the house of Hanover, was selected, on this emergency, to raise and dis- cipline a regiment of dragoons, of which he was appointed colonel ; and this corps having been continued in the service of the crown to the pre- sent time, now bears the title of The Eleventh, Prince Albert's Own, Regiment of Hussars. The warrant for raising this corps, was dated the 22nd of July, 1715; the regiment was directed to consist of six troops, to be raised in Essex and in the adjoining counties; and Chelms- ford was appointed as the general rendezvous of the corps. The following officers were appointed to commissions in Uie regiment : — Captains. Phil. Honeywood, (Col.) A. Hamilton, (Lt.-Col.) Hump. Bland, (Major) John Suckling Benj. Huffam Wm. Robinson Lieutenants. Jno. Maitland, (Capt.-Lt.) Wm. Lemmon Comets. Jno. Campbell Wm. Ilobt, Adaire James Maule Chas. Wheeler Malkin Cluifl. Stewart Jno. Mitchell Johv '"?nrrou|rh9 The uniform was three-cornered cocked hats, bound with silver lace ; scarlet coats, lined and THK la.FVENTH IIDSSARS. 9 turned up with buff; buff waistcoats and breeches, 1715 and boots of jacked leu^her; also buff horse- furniture : and the rfgimeiit bore on its {i;uidons, in common with the remainder of tlie army, the white horse of Brunswick, the badge of i\v^ house of Hanover*. Riots and disturbances had occurred in vaiio'is parts of the country previous to the J88UC of the warrant for raising the regiment ; ^nd before the several troops were complete and ready for service, the Earl of Mar raised the Pretender's standard in Scotland, and assembled an army of ten thousand men. He was opposed by the King's troops, under the Duke of Argyle, and " Honeywood's Dragoons" (the title by which the regiment was then distinguished) were detained in England to overawe the Jacobins; and on the 1 9th of October the regiment received an order to march from Chelmsford to Notting- ham. A small division of the rebel army pene- trated into South Britain, and, being joined by a number of English insurgents, advanced into Lancashire ; when Honeywood's Dragoons were called from their cantonments at Notting- * There has long been a tradition in the regiment, that it was originally mounted on grey horses, and bore on its standards the motto, Motus componere ; the statement is not, however, corroborated by roynl warrant, or other authentic documentary evidence. B 2 HISTORICAL HECORT) OF nV 1715 ham to confront the rebel bands, which had taken possession of Preston. On the 12th of November a regiment of horse, five of dragoons, and one of foot, com- manded by Major-General Wills, approached the town of Preston, where the rebels had thrown up entrenchments, erected barricades, and planted cannon, to defend themselves against the royal forces. The Eleventh Dragoons were formed in brigade with Wynne's (now Ninth Royal Lancers), commanded by Brigadier-General Honeywood. Having driven in the rebel piquets, prepara- tions were made for attacking the barricades. Fifty men of the Eleventh Dragoons dis- mounted, to take part with the infantry in storming the avenue leading to Wigan, and the regiment moved forward to support the attack. The first barrier was speedily carried, and the rebels driven behind the second barricade, which could not be forced, for want of cannon. The foot and dismounted dragoons took possession of two houses, from whence they opened a sharp fire on the rebels ; a breastwork was afterwards thrown across the road, and the houses between the breastwork and the barricade were set on fire : at the same time, the combat of musketry was continued until darkness stayed the work of destruction. On the following day the rebels nif THE klp:venth hussars. 5 beat a parley, and additional troops having 1715 arrived under Major-General Carpenter, they afterwards surrendered at discretion. Brigadier-General Honeywood received a wound in the shoulder, and Major Bland a wound in the arm ; the regiment had also five private soldiers and twelve horses wounded. The regiment was subsequently quartered in 1716 Lancashire; and when the rebellion in Scotland was suppressed, in the early part of 1716, it marched into Gloucestershire and Worcester- shire, but returned to Lancashire in the autumn. In the early part of 1717 the regiment was 1717 stationed in Staffordshire ; in the autumn it was removed into Lincolnshire; and in 1718 it was 1719 stationed, — three troops at Stamford and three at Peterborough: at the same time the esta- blishment was reduced from forty to twenty- five private soldiers per troop ; — the total being two hundred and seven oificers and men ; — and the estimated expense 11,226/. 15s. lOd. per annum. In 1719 the regiment was quartered at 1719 Gloucester and Tewksbury, and subsequently at Shrewsbury, Ludlow, and Bridgenorth; in 1720 1720 and 1721 it occupied cantonments at Coventry, 1721 Warwick and Lutterworth ; in the summer of 1722 it was encamped on Hounslow-heath, with 1722 the Royal Horse Guards and King's Horse, now 6 HISTORICAL UECOKD OF h 1.1: i f :i' III 172-2 First Dragoon Guards, and was reviewed by King George I. on the 5th of July. 1723 During the succeeding five years the esta- 1724 blishment was between three and four hundred 1725 officers and men, and the regiment was generally 1726 stationed in the southern and midland counties of England. 1727 On the prospect of Great Britain being involved in a German war, the regiment was augmented, in 1727, to five hundred and fifty- two men, and it was held in readiness to proceed abroad ; but no embarkation took place ; and in 1728 the spring of 1728 it marched to Scotland, where the establishment was reduced to three hundred and nine men. 1729 From Scotland, the regiment marched in 1 730 1 729 into Lancashire ; in 1 730 it was in Berk- 1731 shire; in 1731 and 1732 in Leicestershire and Staffordshire. 1732 After commanding the regiment upwards of sixteen years, Philip Honeywood was removed in May, 1732, to the Third Dragoons, and the colonelcy of the Elevhnth was conferred by King George II. on Lord Mark Kerr, from the Thirteenth regiment of Foot. 1733 In April, 1733, the Eleventh marched to village cantonments, neai* Hounslow, and were reviewed on the 12th of Maj on Hounslow- heath, by King George II., who was pleased to •*tli # /■ THE ELEVENTH HUSSAES. 7 express his royal approbation of their appearance 1733 and discipline. After the review the regiment returned to Staffordshire, where it was stationed in 1734 ; in 1734 1735 it occupied quarters at Gloucester and ^'^^^ Hereford, and in 1 736 at Norwich and Lynn. A succession of marches, similar to those 1737 already narrated, was performed by the regiment during the following eight years. On the break- ing out of the war with Spain in 1739, the esta- 1739 blishment was augmented to four hundred and thirty-five men. The Emperor Charles VI. died in 1 740 ; and this event was followed by a war 1740 between the Archduchess Maria Theresa and the Elector of Bavaria, respecting the kingdom of Bohemia. France took part with the Elector, 1741 and Great Britain with the house of Austria ; and in 1742 King George II. sent an army to 1742 the Netherlands. The Eleventh Dragoons were detained on home service, and were stationed in England in 1745, when Charles Edward, eldest 1745 son of the Pretender, arrived in Scotland, and summoned the Highland clans to arms. The movements of the regiment were con- nected with the operations of the rebels, who penetrated England as far as Derby, but after- wards made a precipitate retreat to Scotland. In January, 1746, the Eleventh Dragoons ine were quartered on the confines of Scotland ; the 8 HISTORICAL RECORD OF III '■\ i! ! I a I'M r;!i J I ■! i If 1746 rebel army was besieging Stirling castle, and Lieut. -General Hawley advanced with a small force to raise the siege ; but was defeated at Falkirk on the 1 7th of January, and returned to Edinburgh. After this disaster the regiment was ordered to march to Edinburgh, where it arrived before the end of January. The Duke of Cum- berland assumed the command of the forces, and advanced against the rebels. The Eleventh Dragoons, commanded by Lieut. -Colonel the Earl of An cram, (afterwards Marquis of Lothian,) were in advance ; but the main body of the rebel army fled with such precipitation that it could not be overtaken by the King's forces. Following the retiring Highlanders, the regi- ment arrived at Aberdeen, where it was quartered for some time, the weather being too severe to continue military operations. The army was again in motion in the beginning of April ; and on the 16th of that month the rebels were discovered in position on Culloden Moor; the royal forces formed in order of battle, and the Eleventh Dragoons, commanded by Lieut.- Colonel Lord Ancram, took post on the left of the first line. After a severe cannonade had been kept up some time, a select body of the High- landers charged sword in hand : they were received with the bayonet ; and the prowess and discipline of the King's infantry proved superior fill 'ti; THE KLEVENTIl IIUSSAUS. 9 to the irregular valour of the clans. A charge 1746 of the cavalry completed the overthrow of the rebel host ; and the Highlanders were pur- sued with dreadful slaughter for several miles. After returning from the pursuit, the Eleventh Dragoons were thanked by the Duke of Cumber- land for their gallant and zealous conduct. Their loss was limited to three men and four horses killed ; three men and fifteen horses wounded. The rebellion was thus finally suppressed. Attempts were made to intercept the young Pre- tender; and on the 30th of April, Colonel the Earl of Ancram marched with the Eleventh Dragoons for the eastern coast ; but the Pretender, after wandering among the isles and mountains a wretched fugitive for some time, escaped to France. The war on the continent was terminated in 1743 1748 by a treaty of peace; and in 1749 the 1749 establishment was reduced to two hundred and eighty-five men. On the 1st of July, 1751, King George II. 1751 issued a warrant for establishing uniformity in the clothing, standards, and colours of the several regiments, from which the following particulars have been extracted respecting the Eleventh Duagoons. Coats, — scarlet, double-breasted, without lappels, lined with htijf^; slit sleeves, turned up m '■} ■ ■' ■I 1 lii ! ■■ ' : w\ 10 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1751 with buff; the button-holes ornamented with narrow white lace ; the buttons flat, of white metalj set on three and three ; a slash pocket in each skirt ; and a white worsted aiguillette on the right shoulder. Waistcoats and Breeches, — buff. Hats, — bound with silver lace, and orna- mented with a black cockade and a white metal loop : the forage cap red, turned up with buff, and the rank of the regiment on the flap. Boots,— of jacked leather, reaching up to the knee. Cloaks, — of scarlet cloth, with a buff cape, and lined with buff shalloon ; the buttons set on three and three on white frogs or loops, with a green stripe down the centre. Horse Furxituhe, — of buff cloth; the holster caps and housings having a border of white lace, with a green stripe down the centre ; xi. d. embroidered on the housings, on a red ground, within a wreath of roses and thistles; on the holster caps the King's cipher, with the crown over it, and xi. d. underneath. Officers, — distinguished by silver lace; their coats and waistcoats bound with silver embroidery ; the button-holes worked with sil- ver; and a crimson silk sash worn across the left shoulder. Quarter Masters, — to wear a crimson silk sash round their waists. /• THE KLKVKNTll HU8SAUS. 11 Seiukants, — to have narrow silver lace on 1761 their cuflfs, pockets, and shoulder-straps ; silver aiguillettes ; and green and buff worsted sashes round their waists. CoKPOiiALs, — narrow silver lace on the cuffs and shoulder-straps ; and a white silk aiguil- lette. Drummers and Hautboys, — bufF-coats lined with white lace, with a green stripe down the centre ; red waistcoats and breeches. Guidons, — The first, or King's guidon, to be of crimson silk, with a silver and green fringe ; in the centre, the rose and thistle conjoined, and crown over them, with the motto, ** Dieu et mon Droits*' underneath ; the white horse in a com- partment in the first and fourth corners, and XI. D., in silver characters, on a buff ground, in the second and third corners : the second and third guidons to be of buff silk ; in the centre XI. D., in silver characters, on a crimson ground, within a wreath of roses and thistles on the same stalk ; the white horse on a red ground in the first and fourth compartments, and the rose and thistle conjoined, upon a red ground, in the second and third compartments : the third guidon to have a figure 3, on a circular red ground, underneath the wreath. Genera! Lord Mark Kerr, after commanding 1752 the regiment twenty years, died in London on Ill !> ii ! i.iii i!ii 12 HISTORICAL IIECOIIU OF 1 752 the 3rd of February, 1 752 ; and was succeeded in the colonelcy by his grand-nephew, Colonel William Earl of Ancram, from the Twenty-fourth regiment of Foot. 1755 The United Kingdom was again involved in a foreign war, in consequence of the aggressions of the French on the British territory in North America, in 1755, when the establishment of the Elevknth Dragoons was augmented to three hundred and fifty-seven officers and soldiers. A seventh troop was afterwards added, of which Lieutenant William Lindsay was appointed Cap- tain, Cornet John Fletcher Lieutenant, and Charles John Ross, Esq., Cornet, by commissions dated in December, 1 755. The seventh troop was mounted on light horses, equipped as light dra- 1756 goons, and designated the light troop. Captain Lindsay proved a meritorious and zealous oflicer ; he paid great attention to the mounting, equipping, and training of his troop ; and its appearance, with the superior style with which it went through all the evolutions of light cavalry, is commended in the journals of this period. 1757 In the summer of 1757, the Eleventh Dragoons were encamped, with five other ca- valry regiments, on Salisbury-plain, under Lieut. - General H-wleyj and on the 28th of April, 1758, the regiment was reviewed on Datchet- conimon by King George IL, who expressed his t i THE Fr.F.VK.NTII MIJSSAHS. 13 royal approbation of its appearance and disci- 1758 pline. In the summer of 1758, the light troop was formed in brigade, with the light troops of the First and Third Dragoon Guards, and First, Second, Third, Sixth, Seventh, and Tenth Dragoons, under Brigadier- General Eliott, (after- wards Lord Heathfield,) and employed in an ex- pedition, under Charles Duke of Marlborough, against the coast of France. A landing was effected in Brittany ; the troops advanced to St. Maloes, and destroyed by fire the magazines, naval stores, and shipping in the harbour. The Light Dragoons particularly distinguished themselves in this service : and the expedition afterwards returned to England. The Duke of Marlborough then proceeded to Germany, and Lieut. -General Bligh took the command of the troops on board the fleet, which proceeded on a second enterprise. A landing was effected in the Bay des Maries ; Cherbourg was captured ; and the fortifications, with the vessels in the harbour, were destroyed, and the brass cannon sent to England. Embark- ing from Cherbourg, the troops proceeded to the Bay of St. Lunar, and a second landing was effected on the coast of Brittany; the light cavalry again distinguished themselves ; but no advantage resulted : and, as the troops were re- embarking, the French attacked the rear-guard, 14 HISTORICAL RECORD OF ;i ;ii , : : r I 17/58 and the grenadiers of the army, with the First Foot Guards, sustained a serious loss. On the return of the expedition to England, the troops of light diagoons landed and went into cantonments in villages near the coast. 1759 The war in Germany was continued, and the Eleventh Dragoons, commanded by the veteran Lieut. -Colonel William Gardner, whose name appears among the officers at the formation of the regiment in 1715, were selected to proceed on foreign service. Leaving the light troop on coast duty in England, the six heavy troops 17G0 embarked in the beginning of April, 1760, landed at Bremen, in Lower Saxony, in the middle of that month, and joined the army commanded by Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, at Fritzlar, in the principality of Lower Hesse. The Eleventh were formed in brigade with the Scots Greys, under the orders of Major-General Eliott, — the afterwards celebrated defender of Gibraltar. Towards the end of June the regiment was encamped at Kalle ; at the same time thirty thousand French, commanded by the Chevalier de Muy, were manoeuvring to cut off the com- munication of the allies with Westphalia. The regiment left Kalle during the night of the 30th of June, passed the Dymel, and was in position at five o'clock on the following morning, on the heights of Corbeke, from whence it advanced to f;!l! TMK Kf.F.VKNTH HI.S9AHS. 15 the verge of a wood, five miles from the enemy's 1700 position at Warhourg. The French were attacked bv two divisions of the alHed armv, and at a critical moment the British cavalry received orders to advance. Traversing the five miles of rugged ground with astonishing celerity, the gallant horsemen arrived at the field of battle at a favourable moment for a charge of the cavalry, and instantly forming, they dashed upon the opposing ranks with the most heroic bravery, overpowered all opposition, and the French were driven across the river Dymel with a heavy loss. Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick was a spectator of the distinguished behaviour of the regiment, and declared in orders, " all the British Cavalry performed prodigies of valour." The Eleventh having formed and charged the moment they arrived in the field of battle, they were not exposed to the fire of artillery or musketry above five minutes, and their loss was consequently limited to seven horses killed, and a few men and horses injured with bayonet and sabre wounds ; one Serjeant and two private soldiers, being too eager in the pursuit, were made prisoners. After this success, the regiment was en- camped for some time near Warbourg, and the weather being severe, the soldiers were ordered, on the 1 0th of October, to build huts for them- I ,-:; l!li 'I 16 IIISTOHICAI, HICOIIIJ OF 1700 selves, and also for their horses; in DecemluT the reufiment marched into village cantonments. 17(}1 Leaving their (|uarters early in February, I 70 1, the Eleventh Dragoons advanced during a heavy snow into the enemy's cantonments, and the whole army being put in motion, several fortified towns and extensive magazines were captured. After returning from this enterprise, the regi- ment reposed in cantonments until the beginning of May, when it took the field, and was brigaded with the Second and Seventh Dragoons, com- manded by Colonel Edward Harvey of the Sixth. Several weeks were passed in manoeuvring and skirmishing; long marches were performed through marshy grounds; days and nights were passed in the open fields, exposed to heavy rains, and in July the regiment was encamped between the Asse and Lippe rivers, forming part of the Marquis of Granby's corps, which had its right in front of the village of Kirch-Denkern. When the enemy attacked this post on the 15th and 16th of July, the Eleventh were formed in column to support the infantry ; the French were repulsed, and the cavalry galloped forward, but were prevented charging by the nature of the ground. Tlie Eleventh were subsequently employed in defensive operations ; in August they passed the Dymel, and took part in forcing the French THE fcLEVFNTM HUSSAK8. 17 posts beyond that river. On the 3r(l of No- 1701 vember they made a forced march to Copper- brugge, on tlic 4th to Dusen ; having taken part in driving a body of French from Capelnhageuy they were employed, on the 6th of November, in preventing the march of a division of the enemy along the defile leading from Escherhausen to Eimbec. They were at Wentzen on the 6th and 7th of November, and during the night of the 7th they marched through a heavy snow to Foorwohle, where they took part in a sharp skirmish. They were subsequently stationed on the heights between Mackensen and Ldthorst, and passed the winter in cantonments in East Friesland. During the campaign of 1762 the Seventh lygs and Eleventh Dragoons were formed in brigade under Colonel Hall. On the 24th of June they were employed in the surprise of the French camp at Oroebenstien, when the enemy left his tents standing, and fell back in confusion upon Cassel, and one of his divisions was surrounded, and made prisoners in the woods of Wilhelmsthal. In the subsequent part of the campaign, the Eleventh were engaged in forcing the French to abandon several strong positions^ and in cover- ing the siege of Cassel. After the capture of this fortress, a cessation of hostilities took place, which was followed by a treaty of peace. c i 18 HISTORICAL RECORD OF •fi I 'lll.i 1763 Having received the thanks of the Parlia- ment for their conduct during these campaigns, with the commendations of the Marquis of Granby and Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, the Eleventh left Germany in February, 1763, and marching through Holland to Williamstadt, em- barked for England. Soon after the arrival of the regiment in England, the light troop was disbanded, and eight men of each of the six heavy troops were mounted on light horses, and equipped as light 1764 cavalry. In the following year the regiment was ordered to be remounted with long-tailed horses. 1765 After its return from Germany, the regiment 1767 was stationed in England until the spring of 1767, when it marched to Scotland; and in July its colonel succeeded to the dignity of Marquis of Lothian. 1768 The regiment left Scotland in 1768, and returning to England, was stationed in that part 1772 of the United Kingdom until 1772, when it again proceeded to Scotland, where it passed the suc- ceeding twelve months, and was removed to 1773 South Britain in 1773. 1775 General the Marquis of Lothian died at Bath on the 12th of April, 1775, and was succeeded in the colonelcy of the regiment by Major-General James Johnston from the First Irish Horse, now Fourth Dra2,oon Guards. h i THE ELEVENTH HUSSARS. 19 In 1778 the regiment was again stationed in 1778 North Britain, but returned to England in the following year, when the men of the regiment, 1779 equipped as light cavalry, were incorporated in the Twentieth regiment of Light Dragoons. In June, 1780, when the riots occasioned by 1780 a bill being brought into Parliament for the removal of certain restrictions from his Majesty's Roman Catholic subjects, took place in London, the Eleventh Dragoons were ordered thither. They were afterwards stationed at Northampton ; . „. in 1781, at Norwich; and in 1782, they were 2^92 employed in suppressing tumults at Nottingham. At the close of the American war, the value 1783 and importance of light cavalry having become appreciated, the Eleventh were constituted a corps of Light Dragoons. The standard height for men and horses was lowered; a change of equipment took place; boots and arms of a lighter description were adopted, and the cocked hats were replaced by helmets. In 1 784 , the colour of the coats was changed from 1784 scarlet to blue; the facings remaining buff as before. Lieut.- General Johnston was removed to the 1785 Scots Greys in February, 1785, and was suc- ceeded in the colonelcy of the Eleventh Light Dragoons by General the Honorable Thomas Gage from the Seventeenth Light Dragoons. In 1786 the regiment was stationed at 1786 c 2 20 HISTORICAL llECORD OF M'li' Mf mi I ! 'i'l i i< l786Hounslow and Windsor, and performed the escort duty for the Royal Family. 1787 General Gage commanded the regiment two years, and died on the 2nd of April, 1787, when King George III. conferred the colonelcy on General the Honourable Sir Joseph Yorke, K.B., from the Fifth Royal Irish Dragoons, who was 1788 elevated to the peerage in 1788, by the title of Lord Dover, Baron of Dover court, in the county 1789 of Kent. In the following year his Lordship was removed to the First regiment of Life Guards, and the colonelcy of the Eleventh Light Dra- goons was conferred on General Studholme Hodgson from tho Seventh Dragoon Guards. 1790 The riots which took place at Nottingham occasioned the regiment to proceed thither in 1790. 1791 In 1791 the head quarters were at Hounslow, and the regiment performed the escort duty. In the mean time the political state of Europe had undergone a change ; a republican party of a most violent character had gained possession of the reins of government in France, and im- prisoned their king. Revolutionary principles were also beginning to manifest themselves in England ; but the majority of the people remained firmly attached to their Sovereign, and to the institutions of their country ; and a number of persons meeting at Birmingham to celebrate the THE ELEVENTH HUSSARS. 21 anniversary of the French revolution, the house 1791 was surrounded and demolished. A dissenting minister, Doctor Priestley, being suspected of en- tertaining revolutionary principles, his house was destroyed, also several meeting-houses belonging to the dissenters. To suppress these outrages, a squadron of the Eleventh Light Dragoons, com- manded by Captain Michell, proceeded by forced marches to Birmingham, and order was speedily restored. In the summer of 1792 the regiment formed 1792 part of the force encamped on Bagshot-heath, under the Duke of Richmond, to practise the system of field movements suggested by Major- General Dundas, and approved by the king. His Majesty repeatedly witnessed the perform- ances of the troops, and expressed his high approbation of their appearance and discipline. In December an augmentation of ten men per troop was ordered; and in February 1793 a 1 793 further addition was made to the numbers of the regiment. The French republicans having added to their multiplied acts of cruelty and bloodshed the murder of their king, this outrage was followed by war between Great Britain and the French re- public ; and on the 25th of April two squadrons of the Eleventh Light Dragoons, commanded by Major George Michell, embarked at Black- 22 HISTORICAL RECORD OF H •■ IaV |f.;iMl 'I IP I ,ii ' y 1 793 wall for Ostend, to join the allied army in Flanders : at this period the regiment consisted of nine troops, and a second lieut.-colonel and a second major were added to the estabhshment. This year a serjeant and twenty-five private soldiers proceeded to the West Indies under Lieut. -General Sir Charles Grey ; and one cor- poral and ten private soldiers, v/ith a serjeant and five men of the Fifteenth Light Dragoons, accompanied Lord Macartney on the embassy to China. The two squadrons on foreign service joined the British and Hanoverian forces commanded by His Royal Highness the Duke of York, co-operating with the Austrians and Prussians, and were engaged in covering the attack of the French fortified camp at Famars, near Valen- ciennes, on the 23rd of May. The enemy was forced from his post, but held a strong redoubt behind Famars until night, when it was eva- cuated. On the following morning the French, having pstssed the Scheldt, were seen marching towards Denain ; and Captain Charles Craufurd, aide-de-camp to the Duke of York, observing a column of baggage proceeding towards the river, galloped to the Eleventh Light Dragoons, who were in advance, and suggested to the command- ing officer a sudden attack of the two squadrons. The enterprise appeared hazardous ; the French ■ ; I ■'I I t'N . THE ELEVENTH HUSSARS. 23 baggage-guard was more numerous than the two 1793 squadrons of the Eleventh, and was in rear of their own works ; the hazard of being cut ofl' was therefore great; yet with that noble daring for which British horsemen have always been con- spicuous, the Eleventh instantly dashed forward, Captain Craufurd taking the lead, and encou- raging the dragoons by his example. Over- taking the enemy's baggage-guard, the Eleventh rushed upon them sword in hand with terrific violence, broke them in an instant, sabred fifty men on the spot, took fifty-six prisoners, and captured eight waggons laden with baggage, and thirty horses. A strong body of the enemy advanced to cut off these daring British troopers ; but the Eleventh effected their retreat with the loss of three men and three horses. His Royal Highness the Duke of York expressed his appro- bation of the gallant conduct of the Eleventh Light Dragoons on this occasion, and commended the behaviour of the officers and men in his public despatch. The Eleventh Light Dragoons formed part of the covering army during the siege of Valen- ciennes, which fortress surrendered to the Duke of York on the 28th of July. When the siege of Dunkirk was resolved upon, the Eleventh marched to the vicinity of that fortress, and formed part of the covering 24 HISTORICAL RECORD OF i W li m ill fiif; l:' 1793 army ; but the arrival of the heavy artillery and of the naval force which was to co-operate with the army, was so long delayed, that the French had time to assemble an immense army to raise the siege, which their superior numbers enabled them to effect. After quitting the vicinity of Dunkirk, the Eleventh were engaged in several operations; and in December, when Ihey proceeded into winter quarters, His Royal Highness the Duke cfYork expressed in orders the high sense he entertained of the intrepidity, patience, and per- severance of the troops, and his confidence that they would prove equally conspicuous for regu- larity in cantonments, as they had for gallantry in the field. 1794 During the winter the Eleventh were em- ployed in piquets and patrole duties between the opposing armies; in February, 1794, they were at Vichte and other villages along the front. In April the allied army was assembled near Cateau^ under the Emperor of Austria. On the 1 7th of April the Eleventh supported the attack on the enemy's posts at Vaux, Pr^ont, Marets, and Catillon; they also formed part of the army under the Duke of York, which covered the operations towards Cambray, during the siege of Landrecies. General Otto, having been despatched by the THE ELEVENTH HUSSARS. 25 Duke of York, on the 23rd of April, to reconnoitre 1794 the French force assembling at Villers en Couche, reported them strongly posted, and requested a reinforcement ; when several corps, including the Eleventh Light Dragoons, were detached for this service. The French were attacked on the following day, and driven into Canibray, with the loss of twelve hundred men, and three pieces of cannon. The Eleventh had one man killed on this occasion. Before daylight on the morning of the 26th of April the British camp on the heights of Cateau was alarmed by the report of pistols from the advanced-posts, and soon afterwards the light troops were driven from the villages in front of the army. A thick fog concealed the enemy's move- ments for some time, but at length the sun broke through, and a body of cavalry was detached to turn their left flank. The cavalry of the left wing also moved forward to reconnoitre the enemy's column which was seen moving from Fremont and Marets. The Seventh and Eleventh Light Dragoons, with two squadrons of Austrian Hussars, being in front, charged and overthrew the enemy's column, and following up their first advantage with the most heroic gallantry, gained a decisive victory over very superior numbers. The brave troopers used their broad swords with such energy and efiect, that twelve hundred ( 5'::!' 2G HISTOUICAL RECORD OF 1794 Frenchmen lay on the field; and ten pieces of cannon, with eleven tumbrils filled with am- munition, were the trophies of this display of British valour. The impetuosity of the charge was so irresistible, that the French were in- stantly broken, and the only loss sustained by the Eleventh was five horses killed and two wounded. The Duke of York complimented the cavalry on their distinguished conduct, and par- ticularly mentioned the determined gallantry with which the Seventh and Eleventh Light Dra- goons charged the superior rmmbers of the enemy on the left. On the fall of Landr^cies, the British removed to the vicinity of Tournay, where they were attacked on the 10th of May, and a favorable opportunity presenting itself for turning the , enemy's right fiank, sixteen squadrons of British and two of Austrian cavalry were detached on this service under Lieut.-General Harcourt, the Eleventh Light Dragoons forming part of this force. Having turned the enemy's fiank, formidable Imes of opponents, six deep, presented themselves, and although the British cavalry charged with their accustomed energy, their first onset was resisted j at the second charge the republican legions were broken, and the British dragoons, dashing fiercely among their discom- fited antagonists, spread terror and dismay THE ELEVENTH HUSSARS. 27 through the opposing army. Three thousand 1704 Frenchmen fell beneath the conquering sabres of the dragoons, four hundi .u. were made prisoners, and thirteen guns remained in possession of the victors. The conduct of the British dragoons was commended by the Duke of York ; their loss was not great; the Eleventh had seven men and nine horses killed ; three men and eight horses wounded. The Eleventh Light Dragoons were engaged in the combined attack made on the French army on the 1 7th of May, when the British suc- ceeded in performing the part allotted to them ; but the Austrian divisions failed, which enabled the enemy to direct so numerous a body of troops against the Duke of York, that His Royal Highness was obliged to retire. The Eleventh only lost on this occasion one man, and one horse killed; one quartermaster, one rank and file, and two horses wounded. Resuming their position near Tournay, the British continued to confront the enemy, until the defeat and retrograde movements of the Aus- trians rendered a retreat indispensible. Having withdrawn from before Tournay, the British took up several positions to check the progress of the enemy ; but it soon became necessary to evacuate the Austrian Netherlands. In the beginning of January, 1795, the 1795 28 HISTORICAL KECOHD OF !lli i! pill 1795 Eleventh Light Dragoons were in position behind the river Waal, which formed a barrier to the advance of the very superior numbers of the enemy ; but the frost was so severe, that a French division was enabled to pass the river on the ice near Bommel on the 4th of January, and on the following day attacked the British troops under Lieut.-General David Dundas at Gelder- malsen, where the Eleventh Dragoons were stationed. After some severe fighting, the enemy was repulsed; the regiment had on^ man and one horse killed; six men and one horse wounded. The frost having converted the whole country into a plain^ it was found impossible to oppose effectual resistance to the very superior numbers of the French, whose democratical proceedings and doctrines of equality met with a favourable reception from the Dutch, and these circum- stances greatly facilitated the progress of the enemy. Long marches over ice, exposure to snow-storms, with a scanty supply of food, and subject to the ill-treatment of the Hollanders, with an enemy ten times more numerous than themselves following them, rendered the suffer- ings of the British troops, in the retreat through Holland, particularly severe ; but on arriving in Germany, they went into quarters of refresh- ment, and soon recovered from the effects of this winter campaign. THE ELEVENTH HUSSARS. 29 After their arrival in Germany, the British 1795 troops were not engaged in any further acts of hostility. The infantry returned to England in the spring of 1795, but the cavalry remained in Germany until the autumn. The Eleventh were formed in brigade with the Seventh, Fif- teenth, and Sixteenth Light Dragoons, under Major-General Lord Cathcart ; the British cavalry and horse artillery being commanded by Lieut.- General David Dundas. During the summer the whole were encamped on the plains of West- phalia. In November the camp broke up, and the Eleventh marched to Scharnbeck, where they remained about a month, and afterwards embarked on the river Elbe for England. They comment^ed their voyage, but were forced by severe weather to the port of Gluckstadt, on the Elbe, a town belonging to the King of Denmark, and situated twenty- eight miles from Hamburgh. The fleet was wind-bound with severe frost six weeks, and afterwards put to sea. Having landed at Gravesend on the 15th of 1796 February, 1796, the two squadrons joined the regiment at Guildford ; in August following the Eleventh, with five other cavalry regiments and a troop of horse artillery, were encamped near Weymouth, under the orders of Lieut.-Gen. David Dundas. In this year the men's waistcoats were dis- 80 IIISTOKICAL UF.CORD OF Eli II ! t;i 1796 continued, and leather pantaloonR, half-boots, and a white cloth stable dress was adopted. 1797 In 1797 the regiment was stationed at Windsor and Hounslow, and performed the escort duty for his Majesty ; in the summer of 1798 1798 it was encamped on Swinley-downs, with nine other regiments, under Lieut-General David Dundas, and marched, in October, to Dorchester and Sherborne. On the decease of Field Marshal Studholme Hodgson, in the autumn of this year, the colonelcy was conferred on General the Marquis of Lothian, K.T., by commission dated the 23rd of October, 1798. 1799 Holland had continued, in the mean time, under the French yoke, to which it had become subject during the winter of 1 794 — 5 ; a nume- rous body of patriots were, however, believed to remain attached to the House of Orange ; and in 1799 a combined British and Russian armament was sent thither, under His Royal Highness the ; "Duke of York, to endeavour to effect the eman- cipation of the Dutch. The Eleventh Light Dragoons, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel J. Walbanck Childers, marched from Canterbury to Ramsgate, where they embarked for Holland, and arriving in the Texel, swam their horses on shore without any accident, and joined the com- bined British and Russian forces. rilK KI.KVF.NTH IIUSSAIIS. :n An united French and Dutch force opposed 171M) the advance of the British and Russians ; and in the attempt made on the 1 9th of September, to force the enemy's positions, the Eleventh Light Dragoons formed part of the division commanded by Lieut. -General Dundas, and supported the attack on the villages of Walmenhuysen and Schoreldam. Considerable advantage was gained, but the hasty valour of the Russians led to disas- terous results, and the troops fell back to their former positions. On the 2nd of October another attack was made on the enemy's positions between Bergen and Egmont-op-Zee, on which occasion a squa- dron of the Eleventh Light Dragoons, com- manded by Captain James Wallace Sleigh, attached to the division under Lieut.-General Dundas, had an opportunity of distinguishing itself. It formed, with a battalion of Russians, the advance of the amy, supported by the Fifty- fifth Foot, and tv)i(l(ng a deep water, turned the flank of a breastwork, while the Russians stormed the post in front, and the enemy wals driven from his works with the loss of two guns. The other columns also succeeded, the cavalry formed in brigade, and advanced along the li>each, and the enemy was forced from his posts with great loss. The Duke of York expressed in orders to the troops " his warmest thanks for the 32 HISTORICAL RECORD OF W' r'sii I ' ■ I ■■■■ 1799 "steady and persevering gallantry of their con- '* duct in the general action of the 2nd instant, •' to which alone is to be ascribed the complete " victory gained over the enemy under circum- '* stances of the greatest difficulty." The regi- ment had one man and two horses killed ; four men and four horses wounded. The enemy's posts at Beverwyck and Wyck- op-Zee were attacked on the 6th of October, on which occasion two squadrons of the regiment, commanded by Major Henry John Gumming, had their post on the right of a body of Rus- sians, and the other two squadrons under Captain James Wallace Sleigh on the left, in front of Beverwyck. The action was continued with san- guinary obstinacy until night, when the enemy retreated, leaving the British and Russians masters of the field; and His Royal Highness expressed in orders, his " approbation of the " conduct of the two squadrons of the Eleventh ** Dragoons, attached to the Russian Infantry." The regiment lost ten men killed, and several wounded. The Dutch people did not second these gallant efforts for their deliverance; and circumstances having occurred which rendered further opera- tions in Holland unadvisable, the army returned, Captain Sleigh's squadron of the Eleventh taking part in covering the movement, and \-:l\ THE ELEVKNTH IIUSSAKS. 33 afterwards embarked for England. The regiment 1799 destroyed one hundred and fifty-two horses on the beach for want of transport, and gave fifteen to the Russians, After landing at Yarmouth, it was quartered at Ipswich. In 1800, when General Sir Ralph Abercromby ^^^^ was appointed to the command of the British forces in the Mediterranean, he honoured the Eleventh Light Dragoons by a personal appli- cation to His Royal Highness the Duke of York for a detachment to serve under his command. Four officers and seventy-five rank and file were accordingly embarked for this service under the orders of Captain-Lieutenant A. Money, and sailed to the Island of Minorca, where they landed. Political changes on the Continent of Europe occasioned the first design of the expe- dition to be laid aside. Towards the end of August the detachment embarked on board the ** Diadem," and sailed with the troops designed for the attack of Cadiz; but when the fleet arrived off the port, a pestilential disease was raging in the city, and the a^^tempt was aban- doned for fear of contagicii. At this time Egypt was occupied by a French army, which had astonished Europe by its suc- cesses in Italy and in Germany; had after- wards triumphed in Egypt, and had become inured to the climate of the countrv. It had ,il I) 34 IIISTORICAI. KFCORT) OF m 1^ ' ■i! [fliiir f: ;i • J ■ :i isoobeen styled the "Army of the East" by Bona- parte, and against this celebrated body of veterans the British armament was next directed to proceed. The fleet sailed to Malta, where the troops were landed to refresh themselves after being for some time at sea, and the abundance of fresh provisions, which the island afforded, soon restored and reanimated the men. Leaving Malta on the 20th of December, after a voyage of nine days, the fleet passed through a narrow channel, and entering a magnificent basin of water surrounded by mountains covered with trees, anchored near the town of Marmorice, in Asiatic Turkey, where horses were procured for the cavalry, which now consisted of the Twelfth and Twenty-Sixth Dragoons, forming a brigade under Brigadier-General Finch, and the detach- ment of the Eleventh, with Hompesch's Hussars attached to the reserve under Major- General (afterwards Sir) John Moore. 1801 After arranging a plan of co-operation with the Turks, the fleet put to sea on the 23rd of February, 1801 ; on the 1st of March it arrived off Alexandria, the ancient capital of Egypt, and on the 8th a landing was effected in the Bay of Aboukir, under a heavy fire of grape and mus- ketry, and the French cavalry and infantry were driven from the shore with loss. The Eleventh Light Dragoons landed and THE I'.I.EVENTH HUSSARS, 35 took part in the operations of the army which 1801 advanced upon Alexandria, and on the 13th of i\1irch the French were driven from a position which they had taken to oppose the advance. After this victory, the Arabs brought sheep, goats, fowls, eggs, and every thing which the country afforded, to the camp, and five hundred Turks arrived to co-operate with the British. The French at Alexandria, having been reinforced from the interior, attacked the British on the 21st of March, but were repulsed with loss. The glory thus acquired on the distant shores of Egypt was, however, accompanied by the loss of Gee J Sir Ralph Abercromby, who was woun ' »:n this occasion, and died a few days afterwards. The loss of the Eleventh was one horse killed; one trumpeter and two rank and file wounded. Soon after this victory, the Eleventh Light Dragoons traversed the country to Rosetta, a place distinguished for the beauty of its environs, being embosomed in a grove of date, sycamore, orange, lemon, pomegranate, and palm-trees ; and after the surrender of Fort St. Julian, the British and Turkish troops, assembled at this point, moved up the banks of the Nile, through a country abounding in rice, sugar, wheat, barley, and other necessaries and luxuries of life. The Eleventh Dragoons, and a body of Turkish D 2 % I' rn m 1 3G HISTORICAL HKCOIII) OF I HOI horse, formed the advance-guard ; on the 7th of May the French were driven from El-Aft ; they were also forced to abandon the'r fortified post at Rahmanie, and retire through the desert to Cairo. In le skirmishing at Rahmanie, the Eleventh had one horse killed ; one serjeant, one private, and four horses wounded. Continuing their march along the banks of the Nile, the troops arrived, on the 8th of June, within a few miles of the celebrated Pyramids, where they halted several days ; they subse- quently advanced to Cairo, and after a short siege, the French surrendered. This conquest reflected additional lustre on the British arms, and the victorious troops retired down the Nile to Alexandria, drove in the French posts, and commenced the siege of this fortress, which was surrendered in the beginning of September. Thus Bonaparte's boasted '* in- vincible legions " were forced to evacuate Egypt ; and the British troops were rewarded with the thanks of Parliament, and the approbation of their Sovereign, who conferred on the Eleventh Light Dragoons, and other corps engaged in this splendid enterprise the honour of bearing a "Sphinx," and the word "Eovpt" on their guidons and appointments. The Grand Seignor, to perpetuate the services rendered to the Ottoman empire, established an order of knight- ■('h THE ELEVENTH HUSSAUS. 37 hood for the British generals and naval officers 1801 of equal rank ; gave gold medals to the regi- mental officers, and commanded a palace to be built at Constantinople for the residence of the British ambassadors. The following officers of the Eleventh Light Dragoons received gold medals : — Captain-Lieutenant A. Money, Lieu- tenants Benjamin Lutyens, Richard Dig- gens, and James Bourchier. In the mean time the regiment had been 1802 employed in suppressing tumults in various parts of England. In June, 1802, it was reviewed at York by Lieut. -General Staveley, and brought five hundred and five mounted men into the field. In the following month it marched to Wimbledon, and the treaty of peace having been concluded with Francej the establishment was reduced to eight troops of seventy-five private men each. The head-quarters were removed to Hounslow in August, when the regiment took the escort duty, and was reviewed by the King on Ashford -common. In September the detach- ment returned from Egypt. His Majesty again reviewed the regiment in 1803 June, 1803, and the following notification was received two days afterwards by the commanding officer, Lieut. -Colonel Thomas : — " His Roval " Highness the Commander-in-Chief has to com- " municate to the Eleventh Dragoons that His u V::>i hHi: I' ' - I 38 HISTOHICAL UECOIID OF 1803 " Majesty was most highly pleased with their " mihtary appearance at the review on Mon- " day, the 20th instant; and His Royal High- *' ness is further pleased to signify his entire ** approbation of the good appearance of both " officers and men, and the discipline they are *' under." In the mean time the French Consul, Bo- naparte, had prepared, under the pretence of colonial purposes, an immense naval and military power, with which he designed to crush, by one mighty effort, the British people, who opposed his schemes of aggrandizement. The British government augmented the army, and took suitable steps to defeat the designs of Bona- parte; and in July the Eleventh Light Dra- goons marched to the Sussex coast to repel the enemy, should he venture to land. At the same time, the establishment was augmented to ten 1804 troops of ninety-five private soldiers each. In the following year the regiment was stationed on the coast of Kent. 1805 Bonaparte was elevated by the French nation to the dignity of Emperor ; and, having reviewed his army at Boulogne, marched, i»> 1805, to Germany, to crush the coalition forming against his interests. In November of the same year, eight troops of the Eleventh Light Dragoons, commanded by Lieut. -Colonel Tho- •*iS ™ THE ELEVENTH IIUSSAUS. 30 nias, marched to Ramsgate to embark for Haiio- 18ur> ver, whei'e a body of British troops was assem- bled, under Lieut. -General Lord Catiicart, to co-operate with the continental powers ; but some delay having been occasioned by severe weather, the defeat of the Austrian and Russian armies at Austerlitz established the preponderance of Frencii power in Germany ; a treaty was con- cluded at Vienna, the British troops withdrew from Hanover, and the embarkation of the regi- ment was countermanded. In the summer of 1806, the Eleventh 1806 Dragoons were stationed at Woodbridge, and brigaded with the Sixth and Seventh, under Major-General Lord Paget. From Woodbridge, the regiment marched, in 1807 the summer of 1807, to Liverpool, where it embarked for Ireland. After landing at Dublin, it marched to Clonmel, Cork, and Fermoy ; in 1808, it formed part of a large camp on the 1808 Curragh of Kildare, under Lieut. -General Sir David Baird; and in the autumn, the head- quarters were again stationed at Clonmel. The regiment occupied quarters at Dublin in igo 1809 ; in July, 1810, it embarked for England, 1810 landed at Liverpool, and marched from thence to Weymouth. Portugal and Spain had, in the mean time, been overrun by the legions of Napoleon, who Mr,!' 40 HISTOUICAL RECORD OF if fi t 'i ■! ;! ] ■ -' ij (' ! 'j- ■ li ■ li: '|4 J 1811 had placed his brother Joseph on the throne of Spain. A British army, commanded by the Marquis of Wellington, was in the Peninsula; and in April, 1811, eight troops of the Eleventh Light Dragoons, mustering seven hundred and twenty-five officers and soldiers, under the com- mand of Lieut. -Colonel Henry John Gumming, embarked at Plymouth for Portugal; they landed at Lisbon on the Slst of May; and after a short halt to refresh the men and horses, marched for Spanish Estremadura to join the army, which had undertaken the siege of Ba- dajoz. The regiment crossed the Tagus in boats on the 8th of June, and on the 18th arrived at Elvas, in the province of the Alemtejo, a fortress situate on a rocky hill, not far from the river Guadiana. Meanwhile, two powerful armies,— one from the south, under Marshal Soult, and the other, called the army of Portugal, under Marshal Marmont, had advanced to raise the siege of Badajoz : and the British commander, not having forces to withstand such powerful adversaries, and also continue operations against Badajoz, withdrew from before that fortress, and took up a position on the little river Caya. On the following day, the Eleventh were formed in brigade, with the Second Hussars of the King's German legion, under the command of Major-General Long. THE ELEVENTH HUSSARS. 41 Having bivouacked in the woods, between 1811 Elvas and the Guadiana, the regiment sent for- ward a strong piquet, under Captain Lutyens, which took post on the Cay a, and a piquet of the Second Hussars of the King's German legion was stationed on the Guadiana. The French made a reconnoissance with their cavalry ; the horsemen of the army of the south advanced along the Guadiana, and surprised the piquet of the Ger- man Hussars, which escaped to Elvas with diffi- culty and loss. The piquet of the Eleventh was observing a body of French cavalry advancing along its front, and did not know of the surprise of the German Hussars ; this last circumstance favoured an attempt to surprise the Eleventh, which an enterprising French officer, Colonel UAUemand, effected, by gaining their rear with a body of dragoons, which Captain Lutyens mistook for a regiment of cavalry of the allied army advancing to his support*. Being thus surprised, the piquet of the Eleventh was unable to make effectual resistance. Four men were killed ; Lieutenant William Smith, and twenty-one rank and file were wounded; Captain Benjamin Lutyens, Lieutenant Thomas Binny, and seventy-five non-commissioned officers and private soldiers, were made prisoners. * Lord Wellington's despatch. •'-Li 42 HISIOUICAL ItKCOHI) OF (■4 1811 The opposing armies confronted each otlicr, and tlie enemy, having a great superiority of numhers, a crisis appeared to he approaching. To dissipate the storm in his front, the British commander induced the Spanish general, Blake, to move down the right bank of the Guadiana, and recross that river at Mertola, with the view of attacking Seville. This movement, apparently so easy, was executed so tardily, that Marshal Soult had time to break up from the Guadiana with part of his army, and reach Seville before the Spaniards. Soult being gone, Marmont pre- pared to retire ; and the English general saw the great body of troops in his front broken up. Relieved from the presence of two powerful armies, and an intercepted despatch giving reason to believe that Ciudad Rodrigo was in want of provision. Lord Wellington left Lieut. -General Hill with a strong division in the Alemtejo, and marched towards Ciudad Rodrigo, in hopes of surprising that fortress in a starving state ; but it was supplied with provision a few days before he arrived on the Coa. The Eleventh Dragoons were selected to accompany the main army, and were removed from Major-General Long's bri- gade, and formed in brigade with the First Hussars, of the King's German legion, under Major-General Victor Alton ; on which occasion Major-General Long issued a brigade order, from which the following is an extract: — |( f THE ELLVENTH liUSSAUS. 43 << 'I (( i( i( The Major-General would not do justice to IHIJ " his feelings, if he refrained from expressing the " very great regret with which he observed, in " the general orders of the 19th instant, the intended sepc^tion of the Eleventh Dragoons from the brigade under his command. He begs to assure the officers, non-commissioned " officers, and privates of that corps, that in no *' hands could he feel his credit in the field more " securely placed than in theirs j and he is not " less persuaded, by personal observation, than " by the zeal and attention of the officers, and " the orderly behaviour of the men, that their '* conduct in quarters would have been equally a " source of gratification to him. The Major- " General requests Colonel Gumming, and the ** several officers of the Eleventh Dragoons, " will accept his thanks for their attention and "support: his acknowledgments are not less " due to the non-commissioned officers and pri- " vates, for their steady, crt Citable, and soldier- " like behaviour during the time they have been " placed under his orders. He wishes sincerely '* to the regiment, the attainment of every suc- " cess and degree of glory that valour and disci- '* pline can command." The allied army broke up from the Caya on the 21st of July; on the 22nd the Eleventh commenced their march northward; they crossed 44 HISTOKICAl. IIECOUI) OF If ti: I 18 1 1 the Tagus by a bridge of boats, at Villa Velha, on the Ist of August, and continued their route upon Ciudad Ilodrigo several days ; arriving on the confines of Spain, they furnished outposts for the army as usual. Marshal Marniont had retired from Badajoz to the valley of the Tagus ; and being desirous of communicating with General Dorsenne. who had invaded Gallicia, but had been stopped by the arrival of the British on tiie Agueda, sent for- ward twelve hundred cavalry and infantry through the mountains which separate Castille from Estremadura. This detachment surprised a piquet often men of the Eleventh Dragoons, under Lieutenant Frederick Wood, at St. Martin de TrebejOi on the 1 5th of August, and made the whole prisoners. The regiment advanced to the banks of the Agueda, and took part in the outpost duty on that frontier ; two squadrons being at El Bodon, one at Gallegos, and one at Ituera, and Ciudad Rodrigo was blockaded. On the 26th of August, the piquet at Pastores, about three miles from that fortress, was attacked by a detachment of the enemy, and the Eleventh had one man and four horses killed. Ciudad Rodrigo, having been blockaded six weeks, wanted provision, and on the ai)proach of Marshal Marmont and General Dorsenne, with TIIF. FT, FV I NTH IIIJSSAUS. 45 overpowTrinp: numbers, tlio Hritish commander Ifi 1 1 I'HtJihlislu'd Ills troops in jujsitions near that fortress; the third division, and two squadrons of the Elkvkntii Dragoons, and one of German Hussars, being stationed on the heights of El Bodon and Pastores, on the left of the Agueda, and commanding a complete prospect round Ciudad Rodrigo. On the 24th of September, the enemy introduced a convoy of provisions into that fortress ; and at daybreak, on the 25th, fourteen squadrons of the imperial guards drove back the outposts of the left wing of the allied army, but were eventually repulsed. While this skirmish was taking place, thirty squadrons of French cavalry, fourteen battalions of infantry, and twelve guns, advanced towards Fuente Guinaldo. Lord Wellington sent for a brigade of the fourth division from Guinaldo, and after- wards for that part of the third division which was at the village of El Bodon ; and, in the mean time, directed Major-General the Honourable Charles Colville to form the Fifth and Seventy- seventh British, and Twenty-first F- j'uguese, regiments, with a brigade of Portuguese artillery, on the hill over which the road to Guinaldo passed, supporting their flanl^.s with the two squadrons of the Eleventh, under Lieut.- Colonel Gumming, and the squadron of German Hussars. js •,.!': 40 HISTORICAL llECORD OF W- 1 iisi^ k. .i :* ■'V. W 1811 The French squadrons came sweeping over the plain in gallant style; the Portuguese guns smote them with shot ; but they passed the front of a ravine by half squadrons, and neither the fire of infantry nor artillery could prevent them ascending the hill. As they pressed forward in heavy masses, the heads of columns were charged and driven back by the two squadrons of the Eleventh Dragoons and the squadron of German Hussars. Again, the French horsemen, confident from their superior numbers, (ten to one,) rushed up the hill ; and again they were charged, and their leading squadrons broken, and forced back by the gallant British troopers. The French, resolute to win, renewed the attempt to gain the summit of the hill ; but were unable to overcome the determined bravery of the few heroic dragoons, who opposed their advance with such astonishing efforts of valour, and charge succeeded charge for upwards of an hour*. Captains Michael Childers and << 1 .'it' t^ i( * " The Portuguese guns sent their shot among Mont- brun's horsemen in the plain, but the latter passed the front of the ravine in half squadrons ; and neither the fire of infantry nor artillery could stop them; but they were checked by the fine fighting of the cavalry, who charged the head of the ascending masses, not once, but twenty times, and always with a good will, thus maintaining the upper ground above an hour. It was astonishing to see so Jew troopers bearing tip against that surging multitude." — Colonel Napier's History of the Peninsular War. THK f,ievi:nth hussars. 47 CiiANSTowN Georgk Ridout Commanded theiRii two squadrons of the Elfventii, and highly distinguished themselves. Captain Childers evinced the most heroic gallantry; and, by his example, stimulated his men to feats of valour, which reflected lustre on the regiment to which they belonged. All behaved well ; yet Quartermaster Hall was conspicuous for the prowess and daring he displayed, in combat with the crowds of opponents which opposed the two squadrons. At length the enemy brought up his artillery ; and, his squadrons, gaining ground in the centre, captured the Portuguese guns ; and one squadron of the Eleventh, charging too far, got entangled in the intricacy of the ravine. The i^ifth Foot charged and retook the guns ; the Seventy- seventh, supported by the Twenty -first Portu- guese, repulsed the enemy on the left ; but the numbers were too unequal, and the French infantry coming forward, the enemy threatened to envelop and swallow up the few British and Portuguese on the hill; and Lord Wellington ordered the troops to retire from so unequal a contest. The Fifth and Seventy-seventh formed one square, the Twenty-first Portuguese another, and the small body of cavalry and artillery sup- ported the squares ; but the French horsemen rushing forward, the British dragoons galloped ■■tit' tjT.h'' ft Sill Jfl ill If' ' r ;!■ 48 HISTORICAL UECORI) OF 1811 to the support of the Portuguese regiment. The two British hattahons repulsed a charge of the French squadrons on three faces of their square in a very gallant manner, and afterwards resumed the retreat. Lieut. -General Picton arrived with the troops of his division from El Bodon; and the retrograde movement was continued about six miles, to the entrenched camp at Guinaldo ; the enemy following at a distance, and keep- ing up a sharp cannonade. The loss of the Eleventh Dragoons on this memorable day, was one serjeant-major, one serjeant, eight rank and file, and nine horses, killed ; Lieut. -Colonel Gumming, Lieut. Charles King, one quarter- master, one Serjeant, seventeen rank and file, and twenty-six horses, wounded; Captain Ridout, Lieutenant William Smith, and Quartermaster Hall, had horses killed under them. In his public despatch, Lord Wellington expressed his " admiration of the conduct of the troops engaged," on this occasion ; their beha- viour was also held up in general orders as an example to the whole army ; and, after narrating the circumstances under which the troops were engaged, it was added, "The commander of the " forces has been particular in stating the details " of this action in the general orders ; as, in his ^:1 opmion, what can it affords a memorable example of be effected by steadiness, discipline. 4^ l:r' THE ELEVENTH HUSSARS. 49 (( << " and confidence. It is impossible that any 1811 " troops can be exposed at any time to the attack " of numbers, relatively greater than those which " attacked the troops under Major-General Col- " ville and Major-General Alten, on the 25th of September; and the commander of the forces recommends the conduct of these troops to the particular attention of the officers and soldiers " of the army, as an example to be followed in " all such circumstances." In these orders the behaviour of Lieut. -Colonel Gumming, of the Eleventh Dragoons, was particularly noticed. The troops afterwards fell back to other posi- tions ; and some manoeuvring and skirmishing took place, which ended in the retreat of the French, and the advance of the British; the brigade, of which the Eleventh Dragoons formed part, taking post at Gallegos, and fur- nishing the piquets on the left flank of the army. In October, it was relieved from the out-post duty, and marched into winter quarters in Spanish Estremadura, occupying the small, but ancient, town of Coria on the river Alagon; from whence Lieut. -Colonel Gumming proceeded to England, for the benefit of his health ; and the command of the Eleventh Dragoons devolved upon Lieut.-Colonel James Wallace Sleigh. From Coria, the regiment was removed in December to St. Miguel ; and in .January, 1812, "•1' 1 H M \M 50 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1812 to Chamusca, on the left bank of the Tagus, in Portuguese Estremadura, where it was stationed during the siege and capture of Ciudad Rodrigo. At this period, the uniform was altered to a coatee, with wide bufF facings and silver epau- lettes ; pantaloons, short boots, and cloth overalls ; hussar saddle and blanket ; blue horse-furniture, with a border of silver lace ; and the helmet was replaced by a chaco. The British commander having resolved to besiege Badajoz once more, the Eleventh Dragoons marched to Spanish Estremadura, to form part of the covering army; they crossed the Guadiana at Juramenha, and arrived at Valverde, a small town situate in a pleasant valley, about twelve miles from Badajoz, from whence they sent forward out-piquets. After the capture of Badajoz on the 6th of April, the army proceeded northwards ; and Marshal Marmont, who had penetrated Portugal, withdrew, plunder- ing and destroying the country. The Eleventh halted at Ituera, from whence the first, second, and third squadrons were detached a short dis- tance to the rear for forage, leaving the fourth squadron at the head-quarters of the army to take the piquets on the Agueda. In the early part of June, the regiment pro- ceeded to Gallegos, from whence it advanced with the army, and crossed the Agueda^ on the '^HE ELEVENTH HUS8AHS. 51 in 11th of that month; at the same time Colonel 1812 Gumming joined, with a remount of three officers and sixty men and horses from England. Ar- riving at the vicinity of Salamanca on the 16th of June, the Eleventh were engaged in driving bacli the French out-posts, and had two horses killed. On the following day, the army passed the Tormes by the deep fords of Santa Marta and Los Cantos ; the French fell back ; and as the British marched into position on the mountain of San Christoval, the inhabitants of Salamanca illuminated their houses, and testified their joy by every possible means. The forts at Salamanca were besieged, and on the 20th of June, Marshal Marmont advanced to their relief, when the British out-posts fell back ; some skirmishing occurred, and two men and six horses of the Eleventh Dragoons were killed. The French took post behind the villages of Moresco and Castellanos ; and on the 22nd, they extended their left, and s^eized a part of the height in advance of the right wing of the allied army ; but they were dislodged by a division under Lieut. -General Graham; the first squadrf/ii of the Eleventf[ Dragoons being on the right of the position, took part in this affair, and had one man and four horses killed ; t \ o men and seven horses wounded. At night the French w bdrew to a position on some heights, about six miles in E 2 "^^i^^ If I ■i^: ^h ■J ;vi ■'- -f i 52 HlSTOniCAL RECORD OK 1812 the rear; but again advanced ; and on the 24th of June they passed the Tormes, and the Eleventh Dragoons was one of the corps sent for^'ard to watch their movements. When il e enemy saw the order of battle of tho alhed army, he withdrew ; and the forts having surren- dered on the 27th (.f June, be fell back behind the Douro; the British, following by easy marches, overtook the French rear-guard at Rueda, and drove it upon the main body, which was filing across the bridge of Tordesillas. The Eleven rii woe ip. a'.l ance on this occasion, but did not sustain any loss. In t;\c beginning of July the Eleventh Dragoons were formed in brigade with the Twelfth and Sixteenth, under Majov-General George Anson. The French army, being reinforced, passed the Douro on the 15th and 16th of July: and the British commander united his centre and left on the Guarena, but caused the right wing, con- sisting of two divisions, and Major-General Anson's brigade of cavalry, to halt at Castrejon, on the Trabancos, under Lieut. -General Sir Sta- pleton Cotton. On the 18th, at daybreak, the enemy appeared in force, and drove in the cavalry piquets; the brigade formed in front of the infantry, and afterwards advanced towi.dr the river. Some sharp skirmishing occur; ; and } 1 ■ ii \ THE ELEVENTH IIUSSAUS. 53 the troops maintained their ground until Lord 1812 Wellington arrived, who directed them to retire behind the Guarena. The Eleventh had four men and eight horses killed; Lieutenants John Pitt Bontein, and William Williams, six private soldiers, and twenty-six horses wounded ; Lieut. Williams died of his wounds ; Captain Thomas Jenkins's charger was killed under him. The opposing armies manoeuvred. The French moved up the Guarena on the 20th of July, crossed that river at Canta la Piedra, and di- rected their march on Salamanca ; a correspond- ing movement was made by the allies, the Eleventh Dragoons forming part of the rear- guard, and some sharp cannonading occurred. On the 21st, the allied army occupied his former position on Mount San Christoval, the Eleventh being posted, as before, at the village of Moresco; the enemy passed the Tormes, and the British also crossed that river in the evening. On the 22nd of July, as the French army was manoeuvring near Salamanca, to gain the rouJ to Ciudad Rodrigo, it was suddenly attacked by the allies, while in the act of performing a difficult evolution, and was routed and driven from the field with severe loss, and its commander, Mar- shal Marmoit, was dangerously wounded. The Elev^ vth Dragcons took part in tliis glorious achievement, but did not sustain any loss ; their ;:■;(• 54 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1 ' 1812 bearing, however, was such as to eHcit the com- mendations of the commander of the forces, and they were rewarded with the royal authority to bear on their appointments the word '* Sala- manca," in commemoration of this splendid triumph over the enemies of their country.* The darkness of the night favoured the escape of the wreck of the French army ; and at daybreak on the following morning the allies advanced in pursuit; the Eleventh Dragoons, with the other regiments of their brigade, and two regiments of German cavalry, under Major-General Bock, taking the lead: they were accompanied by the Earl of WeUington, who was soon afterwards rewarded with the dignity of Marquis. As the two brigades moved up the Tormes, they overtook a strong rear-guard of French ca- valry and infantry at a small stream at the foot of a height^ near the village of La fSernn, and instantly charged. The French horsemen fled before the English dragoons, abandoning their infantrj , who were broken by the German troopers, and three * The royul authority for the Eleventh Hussars to bear the word " Sahamanca" was granted on the 26th July, 1838, on the fljjplication of Lieutenant-Colonel the Earl of Cardigan to the General Commanding-in-Chiof, it appearing, on refer- ence to official records, that the Commanding Officer, Colonel Henry ,Iohn Cumming, had received a medal for being engaged at the battle of Salamanca on the 2'2nd ./uly, 1812. THE ELEVENTH HUSSARS. 55 battalions were made prisoners of war. The 18 12 tlLEVENTH had two men and three horses killed on this occasion. Major-General Anson's brigade continued in advance, and following the rear of the French army, arrived, on the 29th of July, at the banks of the Douro, crossed that river on the following day, and on the 31st entered the ancient city of Valladolid, situate on the banks of the Esquera, in Leon ; the French evacuating the place without resistance, and leaving behind them a train of artillery, with ammunition and other stores. The Eleventh Dragoons took post on the heights near the town. When the Marquis of Wellington advanced to Madrid, which was a hundred miles from Valladolid, the Eleventh were left, with their brigade and Major-General ClintOii's division, on the Douro; the head-quarters of the brigade were at Tudela, a small town on the Douro, five miles from Valladolid, and the Eleventh were above th rty miles distant, at Penafiel When the allied army was gone, General Clauzel advanced with the remains of the army defeated at Salamanca; and on the 13th of August, the regiment was recalled to Tudela. The French regained possession of Valladolid, where twenty thousand infantry, two thousand cavalry, and fifty guns had arrived on the 18th of August. The on^ , 'riiish troops 10 oppose this army, was ,! i 'f3 1 1 ^ ^l ill 56 HISTORICAL UECOIID OF IHl-2 Major-General Anson's brigade of cavalry and one division of infantry, and they held their ground as long i^' possible. On the 18th of August, a 1io('y oi Fx.:nch from Valladolid drove in the cavalry piquets ; an attempt was made to defend Tudela, which occasioned the town to be burnt, and the brigade was obliged to pass the Douro. A piquet of Ihr i^i ii^v'ENT ii, under Lieutenant John Peter Lindsell, opposed the ad\'ance of the enemy across the bridge with gr it gallantry, and the Lieutenant, with two men and two horses, were killed. The brigade sub- sequently occupied Villages on the left bank of the Douro. On tiie return of the army from Madrid, the troops once more passed the Douro ; and on the 6th of September, the first squadron of the Eleventh Dragoons, commanded by Lieut.- Colonel Sleigh, with Captains Thomas Jenkins and Peter Augustus Latour, being in advance, surprised and made prisoners the French piquets at Cisteringa, in front of Valladolid. Lieut. - General Picton saw the advance of the squadron from an eminence, and declared it was one of the quickest exploits he had witnessed cavalry per- form. The squadron had one man killed ; and two men and six horses v Dundcd. The French left thd jan p, and retired into Valladohd on the same day ; during the night they withdrew from the town, and having crossed THE ELEVRNTII V o«t duty, and the piquets advancing sixteen mile d to Monasterie. A strong reserve of provisional battalions, which Bonaparte had caused to be assembled s ; 5 58 IIISTOUICAI. UKCOUI) OF ki^ 1812 and exercised in the Pyrenees, joined the IVench army, and the command was conferred on General Souham, who advanced to relieve the castle of Burgos. The regiment had previously lost two men and horses, taken prisoners on the outposts ; and on the l3th of October a piquet commanded by Captain Latour, was attacked by a body of French, who w and attacked the advance posts of the British ano Prussian armies. Orders to advance reached the quart#f» of the Eleventh Dragoons at an early !iour on the morning of the loth of June ; and, after marching -mm vM 64 HISTORICAL RECORD OF ^'^1 ■ \ i815a distance of forty-five miles, they arrived at Quatre Eras, between six and seven o'clock in the evening, in time to witness the termination of the contest by the repulse and retreat of the French troops ; the loss of the Eleventh was limited to two horses killed. The regiment bivouacked on the field of battle, and the first squadron formed the advance-piquet in front of the farm-house of Quatre Bras. The Prussians having retrograded,- the British commander fell tack to keep up the conmiunica- tion ; and the cavalry forming on both sides of the Brussels road to cover the movement, with- drew by brigades as the leading squadrons of tlie French army approached. The first squadron of the Eleventh retired, with the main body of the British cavalry, by the Brussels road, and the second and third squadrons, with five other regiments, by the lower road, through the woods and open country, passing the little river Dyle by a deep ford. Some cannonading and skir- mishing occurred; and the first squadron of the Eleventh, under the command of Captain Schrieber, was sharply engaged with some French cavalry in the streets of Genapjte, and evinced signal gallantry. Serjeant Widders particularly distinguished himself, and having cut down an officer of the French lancers, brought off his charger. Four private soldiers of the regiment >:! THE ELEVENTH HUSSARS. 05 were killed on this occasion, and Lieutenant 1815 Moore severely wounded. Having gained the position taken up by the allied army in front of the village of Waterloo, the Eleventh bivou- acked in the rear cf the left of the line. About ten o'ckck in the morning of the me- morable 18th of June, 1815, the French army was seen advancing to give battle, and as its massy divisions approached, they presented an imposinj;'" spectacle. The Eleventh Dragoons wcae formed, with their brigade, in support of the left of the line ; when Count D'Erlon's corps developed its attack on the left, they advanced to cover th< charge of the Royals, Greys, and Inniskilling Dragioons. When these regiments had overthrown the French infantry, they retired through tilt- intervals of Major-General Vande- leur's brigade, which afterwards resumed its sta- tion on the left of the line, where the Eleventh remained, skirmishing with the en**my, until about #ve o'clock in the afternoon. In the mean time a fier<3e and sanguinary battle had raged at other parts of the field : a large portion of the French army had been anniliilated , the British had also suffered severely ; and » body ot" Prussians ap- proaching on tH*^ left, the irigadewas ordered to the extreme right of -he Une. ••eaparte having made a last desperate effort with his imperial guards, which had been repulsed; the Duke of Wellington F i in m H 11 iii. £1 r-^t 'A'M 60 HISTORICAL RECOUD OF ir 1 .1; . » '« 'I'- iSlSassumed the offensive, and ordered a general charge of the whole line, when the wings threw forward their outward flanks, the infantry of the centre discharged a last volley, and the whole army rushed forward on the enemy. The fourth and sixth cavalry brigades under Major-Generals Sir John Vandeleur and Sir Hussey Vivian had the honour of leading the attack of the right wing; the fourth brigade scouring the open country, and the sixth advancing nearer the Nivelle road; and both brigades attacked the broken columns of the enemy, and completed their route and discomfiture. The fnurth brigade charged two batteries of artillery in the pursuit ; and after receiving their fire at the muzzles, cut down the artillery-men, and captured the guns. The pursuit was continued; and when the British halted, the Prussians, who were com- paratively fresh, took their place, and followed the wreck of the French army during the night. The Eleventh Dragoons passed the night in the field: their loss was Lieutenant Philips, one Serjeant, ten rank and file, and seventeen horses killed ; Captain J. A. Schrieber, Lieutenants Frederick Wood, Richard Coles, and Robert Milligan, four Serjeants, thirty rank and file, and thirty-eight horses wounded ; one Serjeant, two trumpeters, twenty rank and file, and eighteen horses missing. i!:;,i THE ELEVENTH HUSSARS. 67 Lieutenant-General the Earl of Uxbridge 1815 (now Marquis of Anglesey) having been severely wounded towards the close of the action, the command of the cavalry devolved on Major- General Sir John Vandeleur ; that of the fourth brigade on Lieut. -Colonel Sleigh of the Eleventh Dragoons ; and the command of the regiment on Lieutenant-Colonel A. Money. The regiment was subsequently rewarded for its distinguished conduct on this occasion with the royal authority to bear the word " Water- loo" on its guidons and appointments ; every officer and soldier leceived a silver medal to be worn on the left breast ; also the privilege of reckoning two years' service for that day. The approbation of His Royal Highness the Prince Regent was also communicated in orders, in which it was stated, " No language can do " justice to the sense His Royal Highness enter- " tains of their distinguished merit, which has '* even surpassed all former instances." The approbation of His Royal Highness the Duke of York, commanding-in-chief, with the thanks of His Grace the Duke of Wellington, and of both houses of Parliament, were likewise made known to the troops in general orders. Lieut.-Colonel James Wallace Sleigh was rewarded with the dignity of a Companion of the Order of the Bath, and the Bavarian order of Maximilian Joseph. f2 M\ m nrsroEucAL record of 1815 Lieutenant-Colonel A. Money was rewarded with the dignity of a Companion of the Bath ; and Majors James Bourchier and Michael Childers with the rank of lieutenant-colonels in the army. The following offi:.t t s received medals for the battle of Waterloo: — / (1 Lieut.- Colonel. Lieutenants. Cornets. J. W. Sleigh. George Sicker. B. P. Browne. ; ■ it Major. Fred. Wood. George Schrieber. i : A. Money,(Lt.Col.) Wm. Smith. Humph. Orme. ;. ■ ■'' Captains. Rd. Cole. Hen. R. Bullock. James Bourchier, Benj. Leigh Lye. P. H. James. K. (Major) Jas. II. Rotton. ! '* Benj. Lutyens James Moore. Pay-Master. 1 ■•'•■' Michael Childers, W. H. Stewart. Daniel Lutyens. '^t (Major) Robert Milligan. J. A. Schrieber. Benj. des Voeur. Adjutant. ' John Jenkins. George Butcher. Thomas Binny Quarter-Master, John Hall. Surgeon, Jas. O'Malley. Assistant- Surgeon, H. Steele. On the morning of the 19th of June the regiment advanced in pursuit of the French army, and arrived before the end of tlie month in the vicinity of Paris. On the morning of the 2nd of July it croe»sed the Seine on pontoons, and a squadron escorted the Duke of Wellington to St. Cloud : and on the following day the fourth brigade of cavalry and fifty-second regiment took THE ELEVENTH HUSSARS. 69 possession of the bridge of Neuilly. Paris 1S16 having capitulated, the Eleventh Dragoons, with three regimenta of infantry, accompanied the Duke oi* WeUington into that city on the 7th of July, the Britisli and Prussians taking the Paris duty, and relieving the French guards in military form. The regiment remained in the vicinity of Paris, and took part in several grand rr'views, at which the EmnoroiS of Russia and Austria, the Kings of Fraitti and Prussia, with other 'iistinguished personages, were present. An army of occupation having been appointed to remain in France, the Eleventh Dragoons were selected for this duty, and they were joined by a remount from England. 9n th^i breaking- up of the army a general order was published, in which the Duke of Wellington returned ** thanks to the general officers, ar A the officers " and troops, for their uniform gooO conduct ;" and added, " in the late short but memorable '* campaign, they have given proofs to the world, " that they possess, in an eminent degree, all the '* good qualities of soldiers." The Eleventh were formed in "origade with the Thirteenth Dragoons and Fifteenth Hussars, under Major-General Sir Colquhoun ^rant. In the early part of January, 1^16, the isie regiment marched to the vicinity of Dunkirk, 70 HISTORICAL UECOIID OF 1816 the head-quarters being established at Worin)»out; it vras brigaded with the Seventh Hussar; ;md was joined in May by two troops from England In the autumn the regiment removed to the vicinity of St. Omer, and was reviewed by the Duke of Wellington, and afterwards by their Royal Highnesses the Dukes of Kent and Cambridge; it afterwards returned to Worm- hout. 1817 The regiment was removed to the vicinity of St. Omer in the summer of 1817; and was again reviewed, with the other British troops in France, in October, by the Duke of Wellington ; returning after the review to its former quarters. 1818 After several changes of cantonments the Elevekiu Dragoons were once more assembled in the \ ii inity of St. Omer, in August, 1818. In Ijeptember they were removed to the neighbour- hood of Valenciennes, and quartered at Thiant*, and reviewed on the 10th of that month, with the British, Saxon, and Danish contingents, by their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Kent. On the 23rd of October, the Russian, British, Danish, Saxon, and Hanoverian contingents of the army of occupation, went through all the * An old farmer at Thiant remembered a detachment of the regiment being quartered at his house in 1793, and mentioned the circumstance. ,"■1 I Ih .A THE ELEVKNTH HUSSAKS. 71 operations of an engagement, in the presence of 1818 the Emperor of Russia, King of Prussia, Triiice of Orange, Grand Dui( 80 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1837 '* to my daughter, as a proud testimony of the ' ' esteem in which her father was held in such a " distinguished corps as the£L£VENTH Dragoons. " I beg, my Lord, to return thanks for the hand- ** some terms in which you have conveyed to me " the sentiments of my brother officers, as well " as for the personal expressions of regard with *' which you have honoured me." Orders having been received for the Ele- venth to be relieved by the Third Light Dra- goons, and to return to England, one hundred and fifty-eight men volunteered to remain in India,—- one hundred and ten in the Third Light Dragoons, and forty-eight in the Sixteenth Lancers ; six hundred and nine horses were delivered to the commissariat in high condition ; and on the 4th and 11th of December the regi- ment embarked in two divisions, and sailed down the Ganges to Calcutta. 1838 The first division, under Major Jenkins, arrived at Calcutta on the 15th of January, 1838, and, on the 18th, embarked on board the ship *' Thames." The second arrived on the 23rd, and encamped on the glacis of Fort William, remaining there under the command of Lieute- nant-Colonel the Earl of Cardigan, who had just returned from leave of absence in the Upper Provinces, until the 2nd of February, when it embarked on board the " Repulse," under Major 1 . THE ELBVKNTII IIUSSAUS. 81 ajor Rotton, the Lieutenant-Colonel proceeding to 183H England, vid Egypt. The regiment arrived on the 8th and 25th of June at (iravesend, both divisions disembarking there under the direction of Lieutenant-Colonel the Earl of^ Cardigan, from whence it proceeded to Canterbury; it brought home three hundred and forty-four non-commissioned officers and soldiers, of which number one hundred and twenty were invalided. On the 6th of August the regiment was formed into six troops ; its establishment being three hundred and thirtv-three non-commis- sioned officers and soldiers. In 1839, Indian saddle pannels were intro- |g3^ duced into the regiment instead of horse blankets, which were discontinued. Holsters were laid aside, and a supply of new accoutrements was received; the regiment was also furnished with new Victoria percussion carbines. On the 11th of June the regiment was inspected by Major-General Sleigh, inspecting general of cavalry, and the following regimental orders was issued on the occasion : — " The inspection of the regiment having been ** this day completed, the Lieutenant-Colonel has ** much pleasure in notifying to the troops, that " Major-General Sleigh has assured him of his •* approbation of their appearance in the field, as G 82 HISTOKICAI. HKCOKIJ OP It ' I I i1> IH39 " well as of that of every department in bar- " racks; and has informed the commanding •' officer, that he will request the General Com- " manding-in-chief to review the regiment. ** In making this intimation, the Lieutenant- " Colonel begs leave to express his own satisfac- " tion at the progress which has been made in " the re-organization of the corps since its return " from India: he begs to offer his thanks to " the officers and non-commissioned officers, ** for their steady attention to their respective '* duties, and for the support and assistance •• which they have thereby afforded him in estab- " lishing a system of duties, to many of which " the greater portion of the troops were entirely '^ unaccustomed, after so long an absence in a ** distant climate. *' The Lieutenant-Colonel feels confident, that " but one feeling prevails in the corps, viz., a " desire to uphold its honour and credit, and to '* maintain that high character which it has ever " borne in the army. *' The Lieutenant-Colonel has great satisfac- •* tion in making this announcement to the *' regiment on the anniversary of the arrival of " the first division of it in Canterbury barracks, '• on their return from India." His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge reviewed the regiment at Canterbury, on the ; I' !■■,'■ ■|: TIIK BI.EVBNI'H ilUSSAHH. h:\ ridge the 2Ut of June, and expressed to Lieut. -Colonel I8:M) the Earl of Cardigan, " in the strongest terms, " his approbation of the appearance and steadi- " ness of the troops in the field and on parade, " and of the progress which has been made " towards the efficiency of the regiment." The same sentiments were also expressed by Lieut.- General Sir Hussey (late Lord) Vivian, when he reviewed the regiment on the 28th of June. On the 22nd of June, Lieutenant-General Lord Charles Somerset Manners, K.C.B., was appointed colonel of the regiment, in succession to General Lord William Bentinck, deceased. Lord C. S. Manners reviewed the regiment on the 16th of July, and expressed the high sense he entertained of the honour of being appointed colonel of so distinguished a corps. General Lord Hill, commanding-in-chief, reviewed the Eleventh Light Dragoons, on the 6th of August, at Canterbury, and made known, in the strongest terms, his approbation of the rapid progress the regiment had made towards efficiency, since its return from India. Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington saw the regiment on the 16th of October, and expressed the same sentiments. The following Regimental Order was issued on this occasion : — " The Lieutenant-Colonel feels the greatest G 2 \ i 84 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1-1 lif (( (( 1839 " pleasure in communicating to the regiment " which he has the honour to command, that " Field-Marshal the Duke of Wellington has ** expressed his high approbation of the rapid •' completion of the efficiency of the regiment in " so short a space of time since its return from " the East Indies. ** His Grace was also pleased to refer with ** satisfaction to the services of * his old friends the Eleventh Light Dragoons in the Penin- sula.* " The Lieutenant- Colonel requests that the '* officers and non-commissioned officers will " accept his thanks for their exertions in carrying *' into effisct the various duties of the regiment. *' He also begs to express his satisfaction at the *' creditable manner in which the troops paraded ** this day for the review, as also for their steadi- •* ness in the field. " The Lieutenant-Colonel feels confident that " all ranks must be highly gratified at the honour ** of being reviewed by that illustrious General '* Field-Marshal the Duke of Wellington." Lieutenant-General Lord Charles Somerset Manners was removed, on the 8th of November, to the Third, or the King's own Light Dragoons, and was succeeded by Major-General Philip Philpot. ifi4o ^^ the 7th of February, 1840, the regiment THE ELEVENTH HUSSARS. 85 furnished escorts to attend His Royal Highness 1840 Prince Albert of Saxe-Cobourg, from Dover to Canterbury, on his way to London; the prince having arrived in this country for the purpose of being married to Her Majesty Queen Victoria. On the following morning, a squadron escorted His Royal Highness from Canterbury, the first stage on the road to London. The following letter was received on the 1 4th of March, conveying Her Majesty's most gra- cious pleasure for the regiment to be appointed Hussars, and to be styled Tt e Eleventh, or Prince Albert's own Hussars. 9 Si (< (< (I a u a u '* Horse-Ouards, March 12, 1840. My Lord, " I have the honour to acquaint you, by direction of the General Commanding-iu-chief, that Her Majesty has been graciously pleased to direct that the Eleventh Regiment of Light Dragoons shall be armed, clothed, and equipped as Hussars, and styled the * Eleventh, or Prince Albert's own Hussars.* ** I have, &c., ** J. Macdonald, Adjutant-General. Ldeut.'Col, the Earl of Cardigan, •* Commanding Eleventh, or Prince Albert^s own Hussars." 86 HISTORICAL HECORD OF It I: !i3 1840 ^^ consequence of this communication the clothing was changed from a chaco, scarlet jacket, and blue overalls, to a fur cap, blue jacket and pelisse, and crimson overalls; and the shabracque from blue to crimson. Major-General Philpot was removed to the Eighth Hussars on the 30th of April, and Her Majesty conferred the colonelcy of the Ele- venth Hussars on His Royal Highness Francis Albert Augustus Charles Eman- uel, Duke of Sake, Prince of Saxe- CoBOURG and Gotha, K.G. and G.C.B. A notification of the intended removal of the regiment to Brighton having been received, the inhabitants of the city of Canterbury presented the following address, through the corporation, expressing their regret at the departure of the regiment, and their approval of its uniform good conduct on all occasions. " To the Right Honourable the Earl of Cardigan, " Lieutenant- Colonel of the Eleventh " {Prince Albert's Own) Hussars. " My Lord, '* We, the undersigned citizens and inhabit- '* ants of the city of Canterbury, heai1| with " extreme regret that your stay in these quarters " is limited to a few days, and we lose not a •* moment in tendering to your Lordship and the TiJE ELEVENTH HUSSAHS. 87 " regiment an ear, tit expression of our esteem 1840 " and regard. " Having had an opportunity for a consider- *' able time past of estimating from personal '• knowledge the noble, courteous, and gentle- " manly bearing of your Lordship and the officers ** under your command, as well also of the meri- '* torious and respectful deportment of the men, '• we trust confidently that your Lordship will '* not consider us presumptuous in requesting " your acceptance of this humble tribute of our ** feelings. " Deeply do we regret your departure from ** our ancient city ; indelibly will the gratifying ** recollection of your residence here be impressed '• upon our minds. The best wishes of the citi- " zens will follow you to your future quarters, " where we are fully assured, that the greater " the facilities afforded you of displaying your «* noble and generous qualities^ the more highly *' will they be appreciated and admired. '* Confident that the laurel will ever adorn " the crown of Great Britain whilst her army •' retains its present perfect discipline, we take '* our leave of the Eleventh Hussars with an " earnest prayer for, and fervent interest in, •* their future welfare and honour." In reply to the address, Lieutenant-Colonel the Earl of Cardigan stated, — '' I beg you will 88 HISTOUICAL RECORD OF II m ■i ! ; \ 1810" assure the citizens and inhabitants of Canter- bury, that it affords me the greatest satisfaction to receive through the hands of the deputation which I have now the pleasure to address, the very flattering testimony of their approbation, which you have done me the honour to com- municate from them. ' ' My brother officers, as well as myself, will, I am convinced, feel highly gratified by this expression of your good opinion. " You have been pleased to state that you regret the departure of the regiment which I have the honour to command, from your ancient city; allow me to assure you that we shall always reflect, with feelings of the highest satisfaction, on the recollection of your testi- mony of esteem and regard. '* It affords me very great satisfaction to learn, that the respectful deportment of the men of Prince Albert's Hussars has been such as to attract your notice; that by such good conduct they have given another proof of their being worthy of those high honours which have recently been conferred on the regiment by Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, and that they are not unmindful of that very important duty of living upon terms of harmony and good fellowship with the respectable citizens among whom they may be ordered to be stationed. THE ELEVENTH HUSSARS. 89 " I beg you will accept my most sincere 1840 " wishes, as well as those of my brother officers, " for the welfare and prosperity of the city of *' Canterbury." The regiment marched from Canterbury on the 23rd of June, and relieved the Twelfth Royal Lancers at Brighton and Chichester. On the Ist of April, 1841, the regiment left 1841 Brighton, and marched to Hounslow and Hamp- ton-Court, and took the Queen's duty. The regiment was inspected on the 3rd and 5th of June by Major-General Sleigh, who ex- pressed his entire " approbation of its appear- " ance in the field, and the quickness and steadi- '* ness with which the manoeuvres were per- " formed." He was also ** much pleased with " the inspection of the regiment in barracks." Field Marshal His Royal Highness Prince Albert reviewed the Eleventh Hussaus on the 9th of June, and was pleased to express " his " high approbation of the appearance and move- " ments of the regiment." On the 13th of June, a line of escorts attended the Queen from Buckingham Palace to Nuneham, in Oxfordshire, and on Her Ma- jesty's return, on the 15th ; — on this occasion the Queen was pleased to command the Master of the Horse, the Earl of Albermarle, to com- municate to the General Commanding-in-chief, i;l^ 90 HISTORICAL KECOUD OF l-r 1 » \k 1841 " Her Majesty's entire approval of the good " order and conduct of the several escorts." The Earl of Albermarle's letter was forwarded to Lieutenant-Colonel the Earl of Cardigan, by the Adjutant-General, who stated that Lord Hill had ''derived the greatest satisfaction from the '* perusal of that communication," the contents of which he desired the Earl of Cardigan would be pleased to insert in regimental orders. The General Commanding-in-chief also expressed, through the Quarter-Master General, ** his entire " satisfaction at the proper and effective manner ** in which the service was performed." The Eleventh Hussars furnished the es- corts which attended the Queen to Woolwich, on the 21st of June, on the occasion of the launch of Her Majesty's ship " Trafalgar;" and on the 15th of July, they were reviewed by their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, who expressed the high gratification they experienced at witnessing the excellent con- dition of the regiment. Escorts were furnished by the Eleventh Hussars, on the 26th of July, to attend the Queen from Windsor Castle to Woburn and Pansanger in Bedfordshire ; and an escort of the regiment accompanied Her Majesty to the seat of His Grace the Duke of Bedford, remaining in quarters on the road until the Queen's return. ' f ( THE ELEVENTH HUSSARS. 91 General Lord Hill expressed, through the Quar- ig4i ter-Master General, " great satisfaction at the " judicious arrangements made by Lieutenant- " Colonel the Earl of Cardigan, for carrying his " instructions into effect; and also at the precision " and regularity with which they had been acted ** upon by the officers, non-commissioned officers, " and private men." The Eleventh, or Prince Albert's Hus- i84-2 sARs^ furnished escorts, on the 22nd of January, 1842, for His Majesty the King of Prussia, from New Cross to Staines, on his way to Windsor Castle ; His Majesty having arrived in this coun- try to be present at the christening of the Prince of Wales ; and on the 28th of that month, the regiment was reviewed at Windsor, in brigade with the Royal Horse Guards, by Her Majesty the Queen, accompanied by the King of Prussia^ Prince Albert, the Duke of Wellington, and other distinguished persons. The Queen's royal approbation of the appearance and movements of the regiment, on this occasion, was commu- nicated to the officers and men in regimental orders, also the satisfaction expressed by the King of Prussia, Prince Albert, &c. On the 4th of February, the Eleventh Hus- sars escorted the King of Prussia to Woolwich, where His Majesty reviewed the troops stationed at that place, and embarked immediately after- wards for Ostend. 92 HISTORICAL RECORD OF I A ! m :■• |5S-v 1 842 A relay of escorts attended the Q u ee n , on t he 10th of February, from Staines to the Royal Pavilion at Brighton ; and the General Com- manding-in-Chief again expressed " his perfect '' satisfaction with all the arrangements made ^' under the direction of Lieutenant-Colonel the '^ Earl of Cardigan, and with the manner in " which they had been carried into effect." On the 20th April the regiment was reviewed by the Queen on Wimbledon- common, on which occasion His Royal Highness Prince Albert marched past at the head of the regiment, and saluted Her Majesty. Field-Marshal the Duke of Wellington was present at this review. Her Majesty was graciously pleased to communicate to Lieutenant-Colonel the Earl of Cardigan her entire approval of the regiment. On the 25th of April, His Royal Highness Prince Albert was appointed by Her Majesty to the Colonelcy of the Third, or Scots Fusilier Guards, and Lieut. -General Sir Arthur Benjamin Clifton, K.C.B., from the Seventeenth Lancers, was appointed to be Colonel of the Eleventh, Hussars. Her Majesty was at the same time graciously pleased to command, that the regiment should retain the designation of "The Prince Albert's Own Hussars.'* About the end of April, the Eleventh Hussars were relieved in the royal escort duties THE BLBVBNTH HUSSARS. 93 by the Eighth Royal Irish Hussars, and were re- 184'2 moved from Hounslow and Hampton-Court to York, Barnsley, and other towns in Lancashire. On the 30th August Lieutenant-General Charles Murray, Lord Greenock, K.C.B, was appointed to the Colonelcy of the Eleventh Hussars, in succession to Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Benjamin Clifton, K.C.B., who was removed to the First or Royal Dragoons. The foregoing pages detail many proofs of the efficiency and gallant conduct of the regiment at home and abroad, and of its having, on all occa- sions, evinced a soldier-like spirit, and a regard for discipline ; qualities which have rendered this excellent corps worthy of possessing the confi- dence of the crown and kingdom, and of the distinguished honour of bearing the title of the name of the illustrious consort of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. 1842. SUCCESSION OF COLONELS or THE ELEVENTH, PRINCE ALBERTS OWN REGIMENT OF LIGHT DRAGOONS;— HUSSARS. Philip Honbywood, Appointed 22nd July, 1715. Philip Honeywood obtained a commission in a regiment of foot in 1694, and served under King William III. in the Netherlands. In the reign of Queen Anne he shared in the toils and dangers of two campaigns in Brabant, under the celebrated John Duke of Marlborough, and afterward transferred his services to Spain, and was rewarded for his excellent conduct with the lieut.-colonelcy of Wade's, now thirty-third, regiment. In 1709 he was promoted to the colonelcy of a newly-raised regiment, and in 1710 he obtained the rank of brigadier-general. He was a zealous and warm-hearted advocate for the Protestant succession, and on the formation of a new ministry, which was believed to be favourable to the interests of the Pre- tender, he was guilty, together with Lieur.-General Meredith and Major-General Macartney, of drinking on a public occasion, a toast M'hich was offensive to the ■UCCBSHION OP rOI.ONBLS. government, nnd they received nn official intimation that the Queen had no further occasion for their ser- vices. Four years afterwards a change took place; the ministers who had induced the Queen to deprive him of his commission were charged with high treason, and fled to France, and Brigadier-General Honeywood was rewarded for his attachment to the house of Hanover* with a commission to raise, form, and discipline a corps of cavalry, now the Elbventh, Prince Albert's Own Rbotment op Light Dragoons, Hussars. He served at the head of his regiment during the rebel- lion of the Earl of Mar, commanded a brigade at Preston, and was wounded at the storming of one of the avenues of the town, on which occasion he evinced signal valour and judgment. In 1719 he commanded a brigade in the expedition against Spain, under Licut.- General Lord Cobham; he took possession of the town of Vigo with eight hundred men, and was after- wards engaged in the siege of the citadel, which sur- rendered in a few days. He was pr«. noted to the rank of major-general in 1726, and in 1727 he was placed on the staff of the army held in readiness to embark for Holland. After commanding the Eleventh Dragoons seventeen years, he was removed to the Third Dragoons, and in 1 735, he was promoted to the rank of lieut.-general. He commanded the army sent to Flanders in 1 742, until the arrival of the Earl of Stair, and in the following year he was promoted to the ranV of general, and appointed colonel of the King's Horsp, now First Dragoon Guards. At the battle of Detting he commanded the cavalry of the front line; he also served in Germany, and was rewarded with the dignity of Kniglft of the Bath, and the appointment of > '> « SUrCRflSION OP COLONBLt. 97 / 1 tion Governor of Portsmouth. He died in 17S2, and wa« ser- huried with military honours at Portsmouth. the • him Lord Mark I\>rr, and was ver» Appointed 29th May, 1732. Lord Mark Kerr, son of Robert, fourth Karl and first Marquis of Lothian, chusing the profession of ar^n ' v^ -.8 \ppointed captain of a company of foot on the Ibt of .mnuary, 1694; and on the breaking out of .e w-*r in the reign of Queen Anne, he obtained the licut.-colonelcy of General Macartney's newly-raised regiment, (afterwards disbanded,) with which he em- barked from Scotland in the spring of 1704, and served the campaign of that year on the Dutch frontiers. In January, 1706, he was promoted to the colonelcy of a newly-raised regiment, and embarked with this corps with the expedition against France under the Earl of Rivers, and when that enterprise was laid aside, he sailed to Spain and joined the troops under the Elarl of Galway. He was at the head of his regiment at the battle of Almanza, and was posted between two bri- gades of Portuguese cavalry, which galloped out of the field at the first attack; his regiment was after- wards fiercely engaged with superior numbers and nearly annihilated. His Lordship was wounded in the arm; his lieut.-colonel and major were both killed, and he had twenty other officers killed, wounded, and taken prisoners. His regiment was subsequently sent to England to recruit; in February, 17 II, he was pro- moted to the rank of brigadier-general, and his regi- ment served on board the fleet as marines, but was disbanded at the treaty of Utrecht; at the same time 98 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. Queen Anne conferred on his Lordship the colonelcy of the Twenty-ninth Foot. He commanded a brigade under Lord Cobham at the capture of Vigo, Ronden- della, and Pont-a-Vedra, in 1719; in December, 1725, he was removed to the Thirteenth Foot; and was pro- moted to the rank of major-general in 1727. In 1732, King George IL gave him the colonelcy of the Eleventh Dragoons; promoted him to the rank of lieut.-general in 1735, and conferred on his Lordship the government of Guernsey in 1740. In 1743 he was promoted to the rank of general; he was ap- pointed governor of Edinburgh Castle in 1745, and placed on the staff of Ireland in 1751. He died on the 2nd of February, 1752. It is recorded that, " He *' was a man of marked and decided character; with '' the strictest notions of honor and good-breeding, he " retained, perhaps, too punctilious an observance of " etiquette, as it gave him an air of frivolity. He was " soldierlike in his appearance; formal in his deport- " ment; whimsical, even finical in his dress; but he " commanded respect wherever he went, for none *' dared to laugh at his singularities. Manners, which " in foreign courts (where they had been acquired,) " would have passed unobserved, were considered as " fantastic in his own country, and were apt to lead his " impatient spirit into rencontres too often fatal to " his antagonists. Naturally of a good temper, his " frequent appeals to the sword on trivial occasions " drew on him the imputation of being a quarrelsome " man; but he was inoffensive unless provoked; and " never meddled with any but such as chose to meddle « with him*." • Douglas's Peerage by Wood. i i succession of colonels. 9u William Henry Earl of Ancram, Appointed 8th February, 1752. William Henry Earl of Ancram, chusing the military profession, was appointed to a commission in the Eleventh Foot in 1735, and in 1741 he was pro- moted to captain and lieut.-colonel in the First Foot Guards. He acted as aide-de-camp to the Duke of Cumberland at the battle of Fontenoy, where he was severely wounded by a musket ball in the head. In the same year he was promoted to the rank of colonel in the army, and appointed to the Ueut.-colonelcy of ' the Eleventh Dragoons, at the head of which corps he served during the rebelUon in 1745 and 1746, and commanded the cavalry of the left wing at the battle of CuUoden, where his brother. Lord Robert Kerr, was killed. After this victory he commanded the forces at Aberdeen, and on the east coast of Scotland, where the Eleventh Dragoons were stationed, until August, and in December he again accompanied the Duke of Cumberland to the Netherlands. He was promoted to the colonelcy of the Twenty-fourth Foot in 1747; and in 1752 he succeeded his grand uncle. Lord Mark Kerr, in the Colonelcy of the Eleventh Dragoons. In 1755 he was advanced to the rank of major-general; in 1758, to that of lieut.-general, and in the summer of the last-named year, he commanded a division in the expedition to St. Maloes, under Charles Duke of Marlborough. He was many years a member of Par- liament, and succeeded, on the decease of his father in 1767, to the dignity of Marquis of Lothian. In 1768 he was chosen one of the representatives of the Scottish Peerage, and uivested with the Order of the H 2 100 SUCCESSION OP COLONELS. •|15 Thistle: in 1770 he was promoted to the rank of general. He died at Bath on the 12th of April, 1775. James Johnston, Appointed 26th April, 1775. James Johnston was many years an officer of the Royal Horse Guards (Blues) ; he served at the battles of Dettingen and Fontenoy, and was promoted to the majority of the regiment in November, 1750, and to the lieut.-colonelcy in December, 1754. He com- manded the Blues at several actions in Germany during the seven years' war, and was rewarded, in 1762, with the colonelcy of the First Irish Horse, now Fourth Dragoon Guards. He was promoted to the rank of major-general in 1770, and was removed to the colonelcy of the Eleventh Dragoons in 1775. He was further advanced to the rank of lieut.-general in I777>andwas removed to the Scots Greys in 1785, the colonelcy of which corps he retained until his decease in 1795. The Honorable Thomas Gage, Appointed 4itk February, 1786. The Honorable Thomas Gaoe, son of Thomas, first Viscount Gage of Castle Island in Ireland, was several years an officer of the Forty-fourth Foot, and was promoted to the lieut.-colonelcy of the regiment on the 26th of February, 1751. He was serving with the Forty-fourth, in North America, when hostilities commenced between the British and French, respecting the boundaries of their possessions, and commanded 1 'I s I V ; SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 101 the advance-guard at the disastrous engagement near Fort du Quesne, on the 9th of July, 17^5, and was wounded. During the contest which followed, he was distinguished for zeal, activity, and personal bravery, and in 1758 he was appointed colonel of a corps of provincials which was numbered the Eightieth, or light armed, regiment of foot. He commanded a brigade in North America, and after the conquest of Canada, he was rewarded with the rank of major-general; at the close of the seven years' war his regiment was dis- banded, and he was appointed colonel of the Twenty- second Foot. In 1770 he was promoted to the rank of lieut.-general, and in April, 1774, he was appointed captain>general and commander-in-chief of Massa- chusetts' Bay, and arrived at Boston in the following month. The American war commenced in the suc- ceeding year, and his zeal to force the revolted provin- cials to return to their obedience, was followed by the appointment of commander-in-chief in North America in August, 17 75 J which, however, he only held a few months. In 1782 he was removed to the Seventeenth Light Dragoons, and promoted to the rank of general; in 1785 he was removed to the colonelcy of the Eleventh Light Dragoons, which he retained until his decease in 1787« Joseph, Lord Dover, K.B., Appointed Uh April, 1787. Joseph Yorke, third son of Philip, first Earl of Hardwicke, entered the army at an early age, and was aide-de-camp to the Duke of Cumberland at the battle of Fontenoy. He was subsequently aide-de- H 3 102 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. camp to King George II., and in 1755 he was ap- pointed colonel of the Ninth Foot. In 1758 he was removed to the Eighth Dragoons; in 1760 to the Fifth Dragoons; and in 1787 to the Eleventh Light Dragoons. In 1788 he was advanced to the Peerage, by the title of Lord Dover, Baron of Dover Court in the county of Kent; and in the following year he was appointed colonel of the First regiment of Life Guards. He died in 1792. Studholme Hodgson, Appointed ]3