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 ■ySf- 
 
 THE 
 
 MACAN COAL MINES 
 
 IN THE 
 COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND 
 
 NOVA SCOTIA 
 
 BOSTON 
 
 1863 
 
TBB 
 
 MACAN COAL MINES 
 
 IN THE 
 
 COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND, NOVA SCOTIA 
 
 BOSTON 
 
 PRINTED BY J. B. CUISHOLM, 12 WATER STREET 
 
 1863 
 
MACAN COAL COMPANY. 
 
 PRESIDENT. 
 
 S. PARKMAN SHAW, E«y. 
 
 TRKASDRKK. 
 
 .7. (JAUDNKR WJMTE, Esq. 
 
 niRKCTons. 
 FHANCrs LOrSADA, Esq., IT. «. M. (•<,„s.,l. 
 S. PAUKMAN SHAW, Esq., 
 A. D. LAMSON, Esq., 
 (J. B. J()XP:s, Esq. 
 FRANCIS HOWE, Esq. 
 L. H. STRAW, Es«^, 
 
 Cr.KUK. 
 
 J. W. I'RESTON, Esq. 
 
 Office of the Company, 19 Doane Street 
 Boston. 
 

N 
 
 
 Vtf 
 
 SURVEY OF Mi 
 
 S/foiri/ff/ f/re rour. 
 
JRVEY OF MACAN MINES 
 
 '^/foiri/ffj f/re rourscs of f/ir yeufs. 
 
I J' 
 
 <mm 
 
MACAN COAL MINES. 
 
 \ 
 
 At this time when emergencies have caused the price 
 of coal to rise to an unprecedented rate, it is evident that 
 the public interest demands a greater production and more 
 extended mining facilities than have thus far been developed, 
 and to those wishing to ascertain where to mine most 
 profitably, and with the prospect of the largest returns 
 of coal, the advantages of the Macan Mines arc now 
 presented. 
 
 It is a self-evident fact that so long as coal is consumed 
 for domestic use,- and for making steam in cotton factories, 
 woollen factories, locomotives, and steam vessels, and for 
 the manufacture of gas, and the working of iron, this min- 
 eral must always be in demand, and as the number of these 
 manufactories annually increase, so must the need of more 
 coal be felt ; and the mining of it must be very profitable 
 if the mine is judiciously worked. The coal hitherto mined 
 on the M^can veins has been used for all thesfe purposes with 
 a favorable result. In this country, peculiarly, the con- 
 sumption of this f\iel is increasing with the general increase 
 of population where it is employed, with the wider area over 
 
6 
 
 I ! 
 
 n 
 
 a 
 
 whichit is used, with each new purpose to wliich it is applied, 
 and with the growth of every description of manufacture 
 requiring power. In the machine shop and factory, on the 
 railroad and canal, on the rivers and the ocean it is steam 
 that is henceforth to perform the labor, and it is not for human 
 intellect to assign a limit to tlie application of this power 
 in a country like that which we inhabit, and for the pro- 
 duction of this power coal will be required. Taylor, in his 
 Statistics of Coal published 1855, said, " it would be no 
 difficult task to sliow how vastly more profitable is the 
 application of labor in the mining and working and transport- 
 ing of coal, than id that of the precious metals. The value 
 of coal ijroduced aunuall}', in Great Britain, alone, is com- 
 puted at £10,000,000, at the pit's mouth. Coal is now the 
 indispensable aliment of industry. It is a primarj- material ; 
 engendering force ; giving a power superior to that which 
 natural agents such as water, air, &c., procure. It is to 
 industry what oxygen is to the lungs, water to the plant, 
 nourishment to the animal. It is to coal we owe steam and 
 gas ; and for workshops and "the domestic hearths, in our 
 northern latitudes it is destined always to acquire increasing 
 and more general use." 
 
 The Macav Mines are situated at the mouth of the Macnn 
 river, on Chegnecto Bay, at the head of the Bay of Fundy, 
 in Nova Scotia, and are reached by vessels of the largest 
 draught. 
 
 The property consists of mining rights on 640 acres of land, 
 with the improvements thereon, extending along tlie courses 
 of several veins, or beds, of bituminous coal. Two of the coal 
 beds have been opened and worked with great profit. The 
 shape of the tract is such that the veins comprised in it are 
 
two miles in length. The property also includes Govern- 
 ment licenses to search on the ten adjoining square miles. 
 
 The Pictou coal, to which this is closely illied, has for 
 some years been favorably known to the public, and has been 
 very profitably worked by the owners. 
 
 In 1845, ia a geological report to the Provincial Govern- 
 ment of Canada, Sir W. E. Logan, in writing of the car- 
 ])oniferous strata as developed at the Joggins, a continuous 
 cliff eiglity to one hundred feet high, on tlie south shore of 
 Chegnecto Bay, mentioned the fact that "thicker coal beds 
 appear to exist to tlie eastward of the Joggins. On tlie 
 S Macan river, whicli falls into Cumberland Bay, a seam 
 
 occurs of ten feet in thickness." This vein, with three other 
 good veins, liave since been developed in tlie Macan Mines. 
 
 Mr. Dawson, in his excellent report of the geological 
 survey made for the British Government, said that the finest 
 and probably most productive part of the coal vein of the 
 great Cumberland district lies in a line drawn from Springhill 
 to Joggins. The Macan Mines lie on this line, and have 
 proved the truth of Mr. DaWson's theory, for they have lieen 
 worked profitably for the past two years, entirely by hantl 
 labor and without capital, producing a good quantity of coal 
 which has sold readily at very remunerative rates, although 
 of course not mined with so great profit as if worked by 
 machinery. 
 
 The title is directly from the British Government to the 
 present owners, and is therefore undoubtedly secure. The 
 loading ground is but one half of a mile from the mouth of 
 the mine, and vessels of the largest size will be able to 
 approach the Company's wharf. These mines lie more than 
 two hundred miles nearer to Boston than the Pictou or Sydney 
 
8 
 
 1^ ■■\ 
 
 mines and therefore have an advantage of freight. The 
 quality of the coal has been highly commended by those who 
 have used it. 
 
 These mines were first opened by Mr. William Patrick, 
 the former owner, about two years since. With scanty 
 means, and working therefore on a very contijacted scale, 
 he has been able to send off one cargo from the large vein, 
 and has sold one hundred tons from a smaller vein of two 
 feet width. 
 
 Mr. Patrick has sunk a slope of 80 feet in length ou the 
 seam of coal at 30 degrees inclination, and has stoped on 
 either side to a considerable distance. He has also run an 
 adit of 400 feet on water level from which he has taken large 
 quantities of coal. He is now running a large, thoroughly 
 built adit which will drain the mines, and save the expense 
 of pumping, and he is pushing the work vigorously. 
 
 The quantity of coal in these mines is believed to be 
 inexhaustible, at any probable rate of mining, for many 
 yeai's. 
 
 A short distance to the west of the Macan Mines are 
 situated the Lawrence, and the Victoria mines, the former on 
 the east, and the latter on the west side of thi Hebei't river. 
 The principal veins of both these mines pursue a direction 
 nearly east and west, and it is tlie opinion of Mr. Patrick 
 and others, that they crop out on the Macan property, while 
 the latter possesses veins not found on cither of the others. 
 
 Some idea of the quality of the coals in the Macan Mines, 
 and of the profit with which they may be worked, can be 
 obtained from the reports of the Lawrence, and the Victoria 
 mines. 
 
The report of the Victoria Company says : 
 " Taking 30,000 tons as the quantity shipped in one year, 
 the result of the season's operations will be as follows : 
 Expense of mining and delivering on board vessel 
 
 30,000 tons at Si, .... $30,000 
 Incidental expenses, wear and tear, salaries, &c. 3,000 
 
 30,000 tons realize at $2, 
 Profit of season's business, 
 
 $33,000 
 
 60,000 
 
 $27,000" 
 
 The selling price of coal, $2, given above, is too low, 
 $2.50 is the actual price. Mr. Patrick has sold all his product 
 at $3.50 per chaldron. This price is realized on tlie wharf 
 at the mines. 
 
 The Lawrence Coal Company commenced shipping coal 
 within the last twelve months, and the results thus far justify 
 their expectation to divide this year 10 per cent, upon their 
 capital of $200,000, notwithstanding the very considerable 
 amounts expended on the necessary permanent works at 
 their mines. 
 
 Analysis of these coals have been made by Dr. A. A. Hayes 
 of this city, and Mr. R. Foulis of St. John, New Brunswick, 
 both distinguished as analyzing chemists and assayers. 
 
 Dr. Hayes says of the coal from the Victoria mine on 
 Hebert river, "It is strictly a gas-producing coal. Of 100 
 parts it contained 
 
 Loose volatile matter . 36.00 
 Carbon in coke left . 51.84 
 Grey Ash . . . 12.16 
 
 100.00 
 
/ 
 
 10 
 
 ^11 
 
 "In the gas a small proportion of sulpluircttod carbon is 
 found, but the general characteristics of the gas correspond 
 to those of Pictou coal gas. 4.17 cubic feet of gas were 
 atl'orded by 1 lb. of the coal, which is, a larger volume than 
 Pictou coal makes. 
 
 "As a basis coal, therefore, this sample i)romiscs to be 
 highly desir.ible for gas manufacturing, the coke being 
 gi'ey black and quite dense, and affords much heat in 
 burning. 
 
 " In burning and aft'ording heat it holds a place between 
 Sydney and Pictou kinds, closely resembling the latter." 
 
 Mr. Foulis says : 
 
 "The specific gravity of the coal is 1.345, and it would 
 l)e an excellent article for gas making purposes, when 
 mixed with cannel coal, and where good coke is rocjuired. 
 as the latter takes the shape of the vessel in which it is 
 made." 
 
 It is estimated that an outlay of ?.')(),000 at the Maoan 
 Mines will i)roduce a net profit of ?50,000 per annum, and 
 that an increased outlay will produce a still larger ratio of 
 net profits. ' 
 
 It is proposed to commence operations at once and pursue 
 the work with energy, the property having been already 
 secured. 
 
 The Macan Coal Company have secured for their mines a 
 first class Superintendent, Mr. Patrick, tlie former owner of 
 this property. The following letter is a testimonial of the 
 reliability of Mr. Patrick and his opinion as a skilful and 
 reliable mining captain : 
 
 
11 
 
 volume than 
 
 " Office of Preston Coal and Iron Co. 
 13 Broadway, 
 New York, Uat May, 1858. 
 *' Mr. William Patrick, 
 "Dear Sir, 
 
 "For four years past you have been 
 in our employ as Superintendent of our mines in Allegany Co., 
 Maryland. During that time you have erected new machin- 
 ery and otherwise improved our works, all of which has been 
 done to our satisfaction. 
 
 " We regret that the state of the coal trade at present is 
 such that it is not advisable for us to mine, and that the 
 salary we offer you while standing idle is not worth your 
 remaining with us. 
 
 " It is with regret we part with you, and we take pleasure 
 in recommending you to any person or company who may 
 want an honest, reliable, skilful man. 
 
 " With the kindest wishes for your future happiness and 
 prosperity, 
 
 "I am, 
 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 "DAVID D. VOORHEES, 
 
 President." 
 
 The following letter from Mr. Patrick, the Superintendent 
 of the Macan Mines, will serve to show his opinion of the 
 property and of the prospect of working the mines with profit : 
 
 " Macan Mines, 5th June, 1863. 
 "Dear Sir, 
 
 " I would have written you sooner but expected 
 to have the large vein of coal opened on the west side of the 
 fault before I wrote. I expect we will bd down to the coal 
 
,< 
 
 i 
 
 12 
 
 within two or three days, but it will take at least a week to 
 get to the bottom, as the vein including the fireclay in the 
 middle is about 10 feet thick. Have got the pit down about 
 12 feet und expect to get the coal in about 4 or 5 feet more, 
 so that the pit to the bottom of tiie coal will be about 25 feet, 
 nearly level with our old mine, then, by driving a mine about 
 30 feet through the fault to our old mine, it will drain itself 
 without a pump, which will be a great saving in the cost of 
 raising the coal. This vein is allowed to be lietter than the 
 Ilebert or the Lawrence vein, but I think inferior to the vein 
 down the brook where we were working last winter, which 
 I am confident is the best vein in this coal basin. 
 
 " I have been engaged in the mining business since a boy, 
 practically and experimentally, and I think it is rare to find a 
 better prospecv for a capitalist to invest money profitably in 
 the coal mining business than tlie Macan Mines, as can easily 
 l)e seen l)y visiting them. All it wants is capital and proper 
 management to make money. 
 
 " Please find enclosed an analysis [in the first part of this 
 report] of the river Hebert coals by A. A. Hayes and ii. Foulis. 
 It may be of service as we have the same veins." 
 
 In a subsequent letter Mr. Patrick writes, " We have struck 
 the upper vein of coal (10 feet vein) in the mine about 24 feet 
 north of the pit, so we have reason to believe that a short 
 time will ])ring us to the 3 feet vein which lies immediately 
 under the one we are into now, on the east side of the fault. 
 I will endeavor to have the work driven ahead as expeditiously 
 and economically as possible." In another letter he says, " I 
 have found a vein of 20 inches of good coal 100 feet north of 
 the 2 feet vein." 
 
 These veins are in addition to other veins on the property, 
 which make it appear to be a large coal bed. 
 
13 
 
 Mr. Patrick having, from his long experience aa Superinten- 
 dent of the great mines in Maryland, a thorough knowledge 
 of the requirements for working a first class mine most skil- 
 ftilly and profitably, and knowing perfectly this mine and the 
 force o*" men required, and tlie price of labor, and having 
 ascertained at St. John the cost of engine, rails for road, 
 tools, &c., at that place, makes the following estimate of ex- 
 penses, calculating the price of machinery and of labor at 
 maximum rates and the result of coal product per man 
 at minimum estimate. 
 
 "To make this a first rate and permanent investment I would 
 sink the slope about 250 feet ftirther, which would cost about 
 
 $2 per foot, 
 
 Engine 20 horse power, 
 House and fixtures for engine. 
 Force pump and fixtures, ... 
 30 small wagons anci whirleys, - 
 
 850 feet chain, 
 
 Smith shop and fixtures, ... 
 House for coal in winter, ... 
 10 double houses for 20 families. 
 
 22 tons T rail for railroad, 
 
 1400 sleepers for railroad. 
 
 Grading and laying road, ... 
 
 10 two-ton cars from mine to wharf, 
 
 3 horses, barn, horse, wagon and harness, 
 
 Wharf, tools, ..... 
 
 Right of way and land for railroad. 
 
 About 10 per cent, for extras. 
 
 500. 
 1600. 
 
 400. 
 
 300. 
 
 300. 
 50. 
 
 100. 
 
 200. 
 2000. 
 1320. 
 84. 
 
 500. 
 
 300. 
 
 400. 
 
 600. 
 
 500. 
 
 900. 
 
 $10,054 
 
14 
 
 " It will require about 
 
 fe - 
 
 I '! I 
 
 60 Minors to raise 
 
 100 tons per day, 
 
 at 81.50 each, 
 
 75.00 
 
 2 KouilHiiu'i), 
 
 
 
 «1. 
 
 2.00 
 
 2 Banksnion, 
 
 
 
 «1. 
 
 2.00 
 
 1 En<rinc'er, 
 
 
 
 
 1.00 
 
 1 Smith. 
 
 
 
 
 1.50 
 
 1 Ilelppr, 
 
 
 
 
 1.00 
 
 3 Drivers, 
 
 
 
 •1. « 
 
 3.00 
 
 1 Wi'iglicr, 
 
 
 
 
 1.00 
 
 3 Horses, 
 
 
 
 .50 c." 
 
 1.60 
 
 100 Props per day 
 
 for 
 
 niinu, 
 
 .03 " 
 
 3.00 
 
 Oil ami extras, 
 
 
 
 
 6.00 
 
 896.00 
 
 " You see according to my calculation it will cost about 
 810,000 to complete these works for raising and shipping 
 from 100 to 150 tons of coal u day. The mine and machinery 
 will be ample for 150 tons if wanted, and would require a few 
 more minors, but would make very little ditt'erencc in the 
 expense any other way. 
 
 " I think I have made all my calculations as high as they 
 can go, so that you have the worst." 
 
 Multiplying Mr. Patrick's figures in the ratio at which the 
 Company intend to work, it is seen that 
 
 1000 tons per diem cost 8960. 
 
 1000 " " " at 83. realize 3000. 
 
 Each day's profit, 
 
 82040. 
 
 pi. It 
 
!h, 
 
 7.V00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 1.00 
 1.50 
 1.00 
 3.00 
 1.00 
 1.50 
 3.00 
 5.00 
 
 »96.00 
 
 1 cost about 
 
 and shipping 
 
 nd machinery 
 
 require a few 
 
 -Tcnce in the 
 
 high as they 
 
 at which the 
 
 $960. 
 3000. 
 
 62040. 
 
 BY-LAWS 
 
 or TUB 
 
 MAC AN (;()AL COMPANY. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 The Annual Meeting of the Stociiholders of the Macan 
 Coal Company shall be held in the City of Boston on the 
 second Monday of Jidy, in each year, at such time and place 
 as the Directors shall appoint, and such meetings may be 
 adjourned from time to time and place to place, without 
 publishing or giving further notice. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 The officers of the Companj' shall be seven Directors, a 
 President, a Treasurer, and a Clerk. The Directors, Treasurer 
 and Clerk shall be chosen by the Stockholders at their first 
 meeting, and thereafter at the annual meetings of the Company' 
 and shall continue in otHce until the next succeeding annual 
 meeting, or until others are chosen and accept in their stead. 
 
16 
 
 The PrcBldont shall be chosen by the Hoard of Dircctois, 
 from one of tlicir niimber, ftt their first meeting nftcr election, 
 or at some adjournment thereof; and, ♦b'Tcafte , at their first 
 meeting next succeeding the annual meeting tf the Company. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the President to preside at all 
 meetings of the Company, and of the Directors ; and in Luo 
 event of his absence, resignation, or inability, a Trci^idont, 
 pro tempore may be appointed. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 The Treasurer shall have the custody of all monies, valuable 
 papers, liooks, and accounts of the Company, subject at all 
 times to the inspection and control of the Directors ; he shall 
 pay out money, taking suitable vouchers therefor, and give 
 or negotiate such notes or bills of exchange, for such amounts 
 and at s^uch times, as the business of the Company may 
 requirt.", and the Directors may order, but for no other 
 purpose ; and he shall or may endorse notes, checks or bills 
 of exchange received by the Company in the prosecution of 
 their business, making careftil record thereof in the books 
 of the Company. He shall record all transfers of stock and 
 shall cancel, and careftiUy preserve certificates of all stock 
 transferred; and he shall perform all duties pertaining to 
 the office of Treasurer. He shall give a bond, with sureties, 
 satisfactorj' to the Direct<^vs, foi' the falthAil performance 
 of his duties in the penal siuii c'' ♦en tho. aad dollars 
 ($10,000.) 
 
 •* 
 
17 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 The Clerk shall keep a record of the proceedings and 
 doings of the Company, and of the Directors, at their meetings. 
 In the event of his absence, or iuahiUty, a Clerk, ;^ro tempore, 
 may be chosen. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 The Corporate Seal shall be a circle, on which shall be 
 borne the name of the Company, and the year of it& organ- 
 ization, 18G3, of which seal the Treasurer shall have the 
 custody. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 
 The Directors shall have the general supervision and 
 control of the affairs of the Company. They shall hold their 
 first meeting upon due notice being given l)y the Clerk of 
 said Company, and thereafter shall meet at such times and 
 places as they shall deem needftd and convenient. The Clerk 
 shall notify meetings of the Directors upon the request of 
 any two of their number, by gi\'iig written or printed notice 
 of the time and place thereof to each Director. The Directors 
 may appoint such agents or superintendents as they may 
 deem best, and they may make arrangements for the com- 
 pensation of the Treasurer, Agent, or any other person 
 employed by the Company, in such way and manner'as they 
 shall deem best. The Directors shall, from time to time, 
 order such division of the profits of the Company, as they may 
 think advisable ; and, at any of their meetings, foui" Directors 
 shall constitute a quonim for the transaction of business. 
 
18 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. 
 
 Each holder of Stock shall be entitled to a certificate, or 
 certificates, of his or their shares therein, upon the ftiU payment 
 of the par value of each share, sealed with the Seal of the 
 Company, signed by the Treasurer, and countersigned by the 
 President, in the following form : 
 
 No. 
 
 -Shares. 
 
 MACAN COAL COMPANY. 
 
 0IU;AXIZED UNDEU the (IENEKAL statutes of MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 This certifies that- 
 
 -of- 
 
 -is entitled to 
 
 Company. 
 
 -Sliares in the Capital Stock of the Macan Coal 
 
 this- 
 
 Capital 
 
 Stock 
 
 8200,000. 
 
 Witness the Seal of the Company at Boston 
 -day of A. D. 18— 
 
 Shares 
 6100 
 each. 
 
 » Seal of i 
 -President. ) the Company. ( 
 
 -Treasurer. 
 
 On tlie reverse of which certificate shall be the following 
 transfer, namely : 
 
 For value received liereby sell and transfer to 
 
 of , Shares in the Macan Coal 
 
 Company, numbered , dated the day of , 
 
 A. D. 18—. 
 
 \ 
 
 f*"q 
 
#-«t-' 
 
 19 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 Special meetings of tlic Company may be oidei'ccl by tlie 
 Directors at such time or times as they shall deem best, and 
 they shall order the same to be called on the written 
 application of persons owning one fifth in value of the shares 
 of said Company, all which meetings sliall be hold at such 
 time and place as tlio Directors shall order, in llic City of 
 Boston, and the Clerk shall give notice of the time and place 
 of every annual and special meeting by depositing a written 
 or printed notice in the Post Office in Boston, (postage 
 prepaid) to the address of each Stockholder, according to 
 the stock record, or by publication in some newspaper 
 printed in the city of Boston, in either mode at least seven 
 daj's previous to the time specified for holding sucli meeting. 
 
 The Clerk shall recoril the date on which he so deposits or 
 publishes such notice, upon tlie record book of tlie Company 
 and such record sliall be conclusive evidence of the fact. 
 
 At any annual or special meeting of the Company, persons 
 or corporations holding, or representing, one eighth part in 
 number of the shares of the said Company shall constitute a 
 quorum for the transaction of business. 
 
 ARTICLE X. 
 
 The capital stock of this Company shall be $200,000 
 divided into two thousand shares at a par value of one 
 hundred dollars for each share. 
 
'*-fo; 
 
 20 
 
 ARTICLE XI. 
 
 These By-Laws may be altered or amended at any annual 
 meeting of the Company, or at any special meetinjj, in the 
 call for which notice is given that an alteration or amend- 
 ment of the By-Laws will be proposed. 
 
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 4