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 A RAILWAY TO TIIK KI.ONDIK K 
 
 IlY W. M. SiiHi'i-ii;r.i>. 
 
 FOR less tlinn three years slrciiiiisof li\i- 
 nitiiiity hiive been poiirin^r into the 
 interior of Aliiskti. Tlie soil of thtit eotiii- 
 try. with tiial of the iidjaceiit northern 
 portions of British ('oliin)i)iu iin<l the North- 
 west Territory, is now eonsiih'reil as anioni; 
 the most precious of tlie eartii, and its sec- 
 tions are in eaifer ih'niantl on the exehanffes 
 of New Vori\. I^ondon and Paris, hou;rht 
 and sold with greater facility than has ever 
 been the case with the mines of South 
 Africa and Australia. Up to the time 
 that ffold was discovered in tlie now 
 famous Klondike valley, little was known 
 of Alaska, even by the ^fovernment author- 
 ities at \V,ishin;ftoii. Official information 
 .was obtainiMl throutrh the revenue culler 
 service, and with iiuidc(|uate means at its 
 disposal, its reports were known to be 
 inaccurate, and the ^'overnmi-nt maps to 
 show an incorrect coast -line. 
 
 When it came to the interior, it may be 
 said that the tojioi^riphy was lar^^ely a 
 matter of the mai)-inaker"s imajjination, 
 but there was no (uie to challeiiire it. 
 Several men penetrated the territory in the 
 early years of our occupation, but their 
 
 reports told little tliat could be used as a 
 basis of accurate stalement. In later years 
 a few adventurous individuals asc<'nded 
 the Viikon from St. Michaels, others crossed 
 Chilkool pass and descended the river by 
 the chain of lakes. Most of these pioneers 
 soujrht the .solitude of the n.irth as a result 
 of failure and disappointment, or were 
 dri'.cn from civilization because they were 
 no lonj;er uscfid nieinbers of society. 
 What white men they f«mnd in .Maska were 
 descendants of the hanly Hudson Hay 
 trappiTs and hunters, who had formed a 
 chain of settlcmenis throuuhout the country 
 at the tife of Ru.ssian occupation or im- 
 mediately after the purchase by ilic rnlted 
 Stales. Hut these men cared lillle for anil 
 contributed iiolhinjf to a kiiowlcdifc of our 
 jrfcat possession in the north. We did 
 not learn to know .Maska until it became 
 worth while, until its secret \\a> wrested 
 from the soil, ami it became Ihe ^rreal inaj,'- 
 nei for the worlil's unstabli' population. 
 
 There are larjfe sections of .Maska, on the 
 mainland, in the inlerior and on iis many 
 islamls, suilable for ;'.iiricullur;d pursuil.s — 
 an eciiiiomic fact \ipon whose appreciation 
 
.V 
 
 C/^ 
 
 / RAIL WA Y TO THE KLONDIKE. 
 
 77 
 
 ■ fc j i <t^ 
 
 1)c iisc'l US a 
 
 II later years 
 Is a^c•en(lec^ 
 lliers crossed 
 the river liy 
 lese pioneers 
 li as a result 
 It. or were 
 se lliey were 
 
 of soeiely. 
 
 Alaska were 
 IihIsoii Itay 
 1(1 loniieil a 
 I the eoimtry 
 latioii or ini- 
 y till' liiited 
 little for ami 
 leiltre of our 
 I. We .lid 
 il it became 
 \\a> wresletl 
 (• trri'at nia<j:- 
 i|iiilatioii. 
 liiska. on the 
 
 oil its many 
 
 III |HUSUilS — 
 
 uppreciatioii 
 
 the proper development of the country 
 depends. Alaska must not lie simply 
 Stripped of its mineral treasiin-; this must 
 help to enri<'h the settler, and ii'Tord him 
 opportunities of inoldiiiir the country in 
 ways that will soonest liriiii: it the joys of 
 <'ivili/.aiioii. 
 
 The soil of the country is rich and its val- 
 leys are luxuriant evi-ry summer with wav- 
 ini,' aires of wild hay. I^xperiiiieiits have 
 deinunsirated that the hardier cereals ami 
 all manner of vey-etaMes can lie laised with 
 |irolii. .V L:(>veriinieiii auriculliiral stalion 
 
 has 1 II cstalilished at Sitka for experiment, 
 
 and its reports have lieeii most encuurairinj;. 
 Tlie lonu days of smnmer sunshine — when 
 the sun is lielow the hori/oi) only an hour 
 nut of the twenlyfoiir — cause vciretatioii 
 and cereals to develop with ,i;reat rapidity. 
 It is not II ipiestion of <lays or weeks with 
 their irrowlh, hut simply a matter of sun- 
 shine and liuht. The hundreds of islamls 
 of the .\leutian peninsula will some day 
 lie dotted with farms and stock -rantres, 
 while the interior is ciipahle of su,.|)ortin!; 
 an atllueiit population. There will come 
 
 IKST SI 1 ai: i:(p.\ (IN IINI: ci<i;i K 
 
 a time when 
 Alaska will he 
 
 lie o f t II e 
 wealthiest pos- 
 sessions of the 
 American do- 
 main. 
 
 On .Inly U). 
 
 1 Hi)7, a steam- 
 er arrived from 
 the II :-|h with 
 about a hiiiidied and tifty Klondikers on 
 board, their ureal buckskin sacks almost 
 biivstiiii,' with ifold dust ami nui.i'ui'ts. All 
 had money, and several of them had each 
 over a liun<li'ed thousand dollars' worth of 
 the |ticcious yellow siulT. Within twenty- 
 four hiiiiis the news had sjiread all over the 
 world, and the riisli to the new Kldorado set 
 in immeiliately. .Miners came from Kn^^- 
 laiid, France, (lermany and Spain, while 
 South .Vfrieii and .Vuslralia irave up their 
 priispcciors by the thousand. The mininji 
 le^rions of the Inited States were threatened 
 with depoimlation. ("hilkoot jiass and 
 Dvea, the route selected bv the Indians for 
 
 AKUiv^i. ur Tin; I'iKST rASSKNc.EK-i kain at Tin; summit ok white pass, fed. 20, 1899. 
 
 163506 
 
78 
 
 A RAILWAY rO THE KLONDIKE. 
 
 Till-; K(ni> mil M .\K rill simmit. 
 
 jf-ai's ill their jniinicys fnun tiic cimsl to 
 the iiitt'fior, were tiiiaUy uhaiiiliiiicil liy the 
 iimjority of the iiniiiiirruiits; Wliilc puss, 
 with Skiiirway us liic port of entry, heetiine 
 the favoiiti' route. This was sim-ii to lie 
 th" loiiical path for the iron horse to make 
 his entry into tiie ^'ukon valley. i;eitiiiLr 
 over the ranirc at the lowest altitiiile. 
 Eii^'lisli uikI .\ineri<'ai\ capitalists soon hail 
 their enirineers <>n the spot, iiinl the work 
 of iMiildini; the WhiJe I'ass ai\(i Yukon 
 railway followed close ii|)on th<' i)reliniinary 
 surveys. 
 
 The route starts from Ska^rway. traverses 
 White pa.Hs, descends into the Yuko.i valley 
 l>y way of tlie <'lniiii ol' lakes anil ends at 
 Fort Selkirk, on the Viikon, over three 
 hundred miles from Ska;.fway. The twenty 
 miles itelweeii tide water and the lop of the 
 pas.s presented a prolilein of uiial ililhii\lty. 
 In this there is a rise of two thousitid 
 eifrhi hundred and fifty feet, nearly all of 
 which must lie overcome in one part. The 
 distiiifruishin;.' feature in accoinplishiim- tliis 
 is the employment of many sharp ein\e-. 
 built with irreat skill on shelves in the fai" 
 of the rock. \\\ this means ii maviniun. 
 jrrade of :!.'.! per cent., or two hundred 
 and S'.\ feet to the mile, has lieen oli- 
 tained. Few lailroads not depeiidiiii.'- mi 
 tlu' coit I'an boast of such a steep irradii'it. 
 
 Heiiiin in the spriiiir of I ^i '■•'<. the work 
 Steadily advanced i.nder a force of one 
 thousand live hundred workniiii. and in 
 days twenty-two hours in leiiirlh. On 
 the •'tltli of last Februarv the first train 
 
 arrived at the top of the pass, and tlic ter- 
 minus at Fort Selkirk will probably be 
 reached before the close of this year. The 
 road is a single truck narrow -jiiiire, and 
 its ei|uipiiient is li^hi. but its mi.ssion is a 
 merciful one. and'|iiits an end to the terrible 
 disiomfort and daiiu:er of the (u-erland 
 route to the new KIdiirado. So far the 
 <'ost has been excessive, soinelliiii^f like 
 si.xty thousand dollais a mile, but the veiy 
 dillii'uli conditions met with in the licLrin- 
 uinir will di.sap|iiar in the descent to Fort 
 Selkirk, and the construction convei|Ui'ntly 
 will be much cheaper. 
 
 There have been many who have pre- 
 dicied iin cMeiisioii of our railway systems 
 aloniilhe weslein shines of I his colli iliellt 
 
 to ciinfroiii a similaM'Meiision of the Trans- 
 Siberian on the opposite shores of lieriiif^ 
 strait. All thintrs coiisidered. it is i|uile 
 safe to say that through trains from San 
 Franci.sco to St. I'etersburi,' are not of the 
 near future. The White I'liss and Yukon 
 is not to be thoiiirht of as the first link of 
 a scl'"me at iiresent impraciiiable. For 
 some lime to come it will be a modest 
 affair, and would fail for liu k of sustenance 
 Were it not for c.vce.ssivc passeiiLrer and 
 freiirhl rates. One may ride on its cars 
 for twenty cents a mile, or ship freii,dit at 
 chari.'es cipiivaleiit to one hundred dollars 
 per ton between Cliicauo and New York. 
 The developineiit of the country throuj.di 
 which the road will pass will soon r<MlucL' 
 these liitrh rales. At all events, they are 
 so reasoi':;ble in comparison with those of 
 the Indian jiackeis. who have been askin;; 
 from fifleeii to forty cents per pound to t'el 
 
 1^>». 
 
 Ml ssl;\iil;K os Tilt: TKAII. IlKVilMi Till; SCMMIT, 
 Will! .Ni;ws i>i- nil-: ai.iin kxci.i sion alt. 
 
111! the Id'- 
 roltiilily III- 
 
 VCllI'. 'I'lic 
 
 ■;!n!.'i'. Hiiil 
 iiiissiuii is :i 
 
 lir fcriililc 
 
 (' nt'i'l'ltill<l 
 
 Sit fur llic 
 
 ■iliiiiif liki' 
 
 ml I lie vciy 
 
 the liririll- 
 •rlll to Fdlt 
 il!-r(|llilllly 
 
 liuvc prc- 
 iMiv svslcnis 
 s (lint iiiriit 
 f llir 'I'l'Mlls- 
 -. iif ISrriii},' 
 it is (jiiitc 
 s I'l'Din Siiii 
 
 ■ IKlI (if ilic 
 
 Mini \'iik(in 
 tiisi lliili iif 
 ■nidc. For 
 
 M' II Illlllil'St 
 f SU^tCllllllCC 
 
 sciiLTcr and 
 on its cars 
 ip frcijrlit at 
 iiirt'd iliillars 
 Ni'W Yiirlv. 
 iirv tliroiijfli 
 soon rciltict' 
 ts. tiny are 
 itii llmsi' of 
 ln'cn askiii;; 
 loiiMil to i;('t 
 
 M> 
 
 A RAH. WA y TO THE KI.ONDIKE. 
 
 n 
 
 KIKST I'ASSKNCKK-TKAIN KN KolTi: TO TIlK St'MMIT 
 
 Tin; '-I MM IT, 
 I SION AC r. 
 
 iii'.'rchtiinlisi' over the jtass. tlnit no one is 
 liki'ly to coinplain at tlic company's ;r«'ltiiiLr 
 liack in tliis niaiincr sonic of ii«< outlay. 
 
 'riw norlliwartl traveler laiulinif at Skat;- 
 way is now met at the wharf liy hotel vans, 
 ami tlie iil>ii|iiitoiis hotel riiiiner makes the 
 occasion hiilcous just as he dues in other 
 cities. '11 le town has a population of alioiii 
 ci;,'ht tlio!i>aiiil. lesiijeiii iiiid iraiiNieni. 
 and lioasts upward of iweiily hotels. It 
 has II telepholK- sy>iteni. electric lights, 
 watcr-wiu'ks. a tire departmc:it. a company 
 of Natiiuial (iuardsineii. seliools and 
 churches. liut tile iiiiist iinportant of all 
 is the railioad. ami next coini's a lele- 
 u'l'aph line soon to run far into the interior 
 as a result of Canailian enterprise. 
 
 W'lirii the future furl uiie-seckcr arrives 
 ai l''ciri Selkirk afier a i .imforlalile niilway 
 jiiuri'.ey. as he will do after a few months, 
 llii're will lie ni.aiiy direciiniis in wliicli he 
 may strike out. for the iliousands of pros 
 peciiirs enteriiiL;' .\la>ka have lirmiLihl news 
 of rich ^folil lields in other localiiies. 
 
 For a lime all roads led to Dawson, hut 
 the word Klinidikc has since liccii in ilaii- 
 
 jfer several times of lu'lnf; su|)('rse<led as w 
 synonym of the inineiv' paradise. Last 
 .\uu:ust the Atliii district, eighty-three 
 miles north of SkiiLrway, was discovere<i 
 and developed Ity .\mericiins. I'pward of 
 lifteeii thousand I'laims were staked diirinfj 
 the fall, and then the miners were driven 
 to tidewater hv the snow and cold weather. 
 
 W AllTNi. I OK A TUAIN TO I'ASS. 
 
9o 
 
 A RAN. WA Y TO THE KLONDIKE. 
 
 While thpw men were |H('](arinjr to return 
 to their holdings unci work them, the 
 Kritisli Cohiriibiu Piirliiinietit, in m-Ksion ut 
 Victoriii. passed iiii alien ex( lusiini act, de- 
 privinj,' Americans from hohliiiK or ai-iniir- 
 inj;. Iiy ])iireliase or otherwise, any eluims in 
 till- ])rovin(e. Very few of the Atlin miners 
 siicceedeil in jiettinjr their claims rect)rded. 
 and under tlie o|ieratio-.i of the alien act 
 all such claims reverted to the crown. 
 Tlius the work of the vast imijority of the; 
 American miners in the district has Ween 
 lost. There is a stronj; impression that the 
 
 ects and crossed over into American posses- 
 sions. The Porcupine niininji district «)n 
 the Dalton trail drew many, and several 
 rich strikes are reported, hut this, unfortu- 
 mitely, is still too near the indefinite border 
 lor the nu'ii to feel sure of the protection 
 of the Ameri<'an ininini; laws. 
 
 Thelioundary (piestion is one that should 
 Im* .settled at the earliest possible moment. 
 The '.tritish Colundiia nM>unte(l police 
 have not lieen free fiom suspicion of 
 maintaining; a sonu'what eliistie border line 
 that has Ix'en more than once stretched 
 
 AT Till: MCUTll OK Till-; TI'N.NKI. 
 
 pnssafre of tlie act is a jiart of a scheme to 
 <'onsoli<late the interests of the whole rej;iun 
 under the nnina<;einent of a syndicate — a 
 Cecil Hhodes minini; trust transferreil from 
 South Africa to northern Uritish Columbia. 
 The exchision act was i)assed early in 
 .laniuiry. and proved a f^reat surprise, not 
 only to the Americans, but to the mas.s of 
 the residents of British Columbia. 
 
 When ihi' news of the exclusion act 
 reached the Atlin miners, many bi'caine 
 <lisheurtened or threateneil ti^ilit, but others 
 more wise abandoned their Canadiun proj- 
 
 to include districts of f,'reat mineral wj'alth. 
 Such a char}j;e has. indeed, been definitely 
 made by the miners driven from the .\tlin 
 to the I'orcupine claims. The fact is that 
 the dividing; line is by no means accurat«'ly 
 known, an<l must be settled by a joint 
 commission of KiijLfland and tin; I'nited 
 States. It is to be hoped that (Jovernor 
 Hrailv's i)resent visit to Washinj^ton will 
 result in some definite steps br-iufr soon 
 trken in tliis matter, which becomes of 
 fjreat importance as the surjirisinf; wealth 
 and resources of the land are fully realized. 
 
■iriin po8W8- 
 
 (listrict on 
 mill si-vcrul 
 lis. inifiirtii- 
 linilc bonier 
 (• jirott'ction 
 
 tliiil slioiild 
 )l(' iiuiiiK-nt. 
 
 iiii'd |iolic(! 
 
 <iis|iii'ioii of 
 
 lionlcr liiK! 
 
 (• stn'tclu'd 
 
 iicriil wealth. 
 L'cii definitely 
 oin tlie Atiin 
 le fiiet is that 
 Ills aeeiinitely 
 I by u joint 
 the United 
 hat (lovernor 
 shiiiKton will 
 \ lir-iii^ soon 
 I bec'oines of 
 irisiiiK wealth 
 fully realized.