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 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
The Manitoban. 
 
 kju 
 
 1 
 
 V 
 
 116- 
 
 whic 
 
 Tha^flfQects of intlebtedness were as- 
 counties in the five 
 it was found that a 
 of the debt was in- 
 purchase money to 
 ovements or to invest in 
 he average state rate of 
 
 cejM^ined in 
 states, in 
 large proporti 
 curred to se/ure 
 pay for im 
 business 
 
 interest piid is found to vary from (5 
 per cent.An Tennessee to 8.04 per cent, 
 in Kan^s. A decline of nearly 1 per 
 cent, appears in the average rate of 
 interest paid on the mortgages made 
 duringtthe 10 years. It appears also 
 that of wiejnoEtgajjCsTiiade during the 
 decade in the states namad, less than 
 half were in force on Jantmry 1, lb9(), 
 but that] nearly three-quarters of the 
 mortgages made in AJabama, Iowa 
 and Kansas were on Acres, while in 
 Illinois and Nebraska the greatest 
 number were on lote. Large as the 
 totals appear, it 'w, significant that 
 only 31 per cent. (* the acres assessed 
 in lUin'iis are niOTtgages, though the 
 ip in Iowa to 47 and 
 per cent, but is as 
 low as 12 in TeAnes^iee and 22 per cent. 
 in Albama. Ttie amount of the mort- 
 gage indebtedness peraCIl^ for the 
 total numl)er of acres is, however less 
 in Kanaas than in Illinois, Kvhile the 
 debt per acre is only abouoone-third 
 as much ($6.57) in Kaii^as as in 
 Illinois." 
 
 By this we see that OndLrio farmers 
 are not the only one's »o mortgage 
 their farm, and that the tause of their 
 doing so is regarded as assign of pros- 
 perity rather than otheiVise by our 
 neighbors who live across fcbe li»e- If 
 this is true, it is a bright way of looking 
 at the matter, and as ever_; dailJc cloud 
 silver lining, we .shoald try 
 
 proportion runSi 
 in Kansas to 6] 
 
 has 
 
 and see it in 
 grumbling. 
 
 that light instead of 
 
 Daw8on Route .Military Ex- 
 pedttion. 
 
 BY A PRIVATE OF TUB POBCK. 
 
 HE MANITOBAN has lately con- 
 tained several very interesting and 
 and readable articles detailing' the 
 ditficuities and trials of the first Red River 
 Expedition under Co'. Wolsley in 1870, 
 by way of the once famous Dawson route, 
 from Prince Arthur's Landing. The 
 articles are to a large extent historical, 
 and are a valuaVjle contribution to the 
 literature concerning the early times of 
 this country. 
 
 The following; disjointed and discursive 
 pages are intended to relate a few incid- 
 ents connected with a la'er expedition to- 
 Fort Garry. The excitement incident to 
 the first Red River Expedition, and the 
 fact that it was commanded l)y an officer 
 of the British army who has since become 
 a noted general and also the fact that the 
 route luy through a hitherto unknown 
 wilderness seemed to have to a large ex- 
 tent overshadowed later expeditions over 
 the same route, consequently the fact that 
 there wore Ruch, seems to be now almost 
 entirely forgotten. It is not the desire 
 of the writer to compare th'ise later ex- 
 peditions with the first, either in import- 
 ance or in the difficulties encountered but 
 rather to bear testimony concerning the 
 hardships and severe labors which the 
 force was called upon to endure and per- 
 form. It is true'that the first expedition 
 "broke the road" for thoHe who fo' lowed, 
 and to one who has since traversed the- 
 route from end to end -especially if he 
 did so as a soldier — the thought would 
 naturally suggest itself that none but 
 British soldiers could have accomplished 
 the feat. 
 
 On the expiration of the term of ser' 
 vice for which the members of the first 
 expedition enlisted a large number took 
 their discharges from the force, and be- 
 came ordinary citizens. All the men who- 
 served th<'ir term became entitled to 
 gmnts of 160 acres of land each, which 
 though not of much value at that time 
 soon became valuable, and to shrewd and 
 careful fellows they bi-came the founda- 
 tion of future competencies, though many 
 warrants were sold for little or rothing. 
 
 •mmm 
 
 WP" 
 
116 
 
 The Makitoban. 
 
 by less provident men, and by men who 
 «ould not forsRc the prosperous future of 
 the Great Northwest 
 
 A numher of the men re-enlisted ; thi" 
 time without th? incentive of a becond 
 grant of land, and to fill the places of 
 those who lefc the force, another contin- 
 gent was organized in Ontario and Quebec 
 in 1871, and forwarded to Fort Garry 
 taking almost the same route ; the prin- 
 cipal change boing from the northwest 
 angle of the Lake of the Woods, overland 
 to Winnipeg instead of by the Winnipeg 
 River. 
 
 It is about the third expedition of 
 which the writer was a member that this 
 article specially refers to. Unlike the 
 former expeditions the term of service 
 was misleading. Instead of one yeai-, the 
 terms ^as " one year or three years if re- 
 quired." Young men from all parts of 
 Ontario assembled at the Old Fort in 
 Toronto, where they were enlisted by 
 Lteut.-Ool. Durie, D.A.G., and were in- 
 formed by him that there was no doubt 
 of the men obtainiag their discharges at 
 the end of one year's service and would 
 only be required for a longer period in 
 «ase of disquiet in the country. At the 
 expiration of the year, the men demanded 
 their discharge but wt^re refused, and up- 
 on th-ir r«'presentations of the terms of 
 enlistment being forwarded to Ottawa it 
 was felt that justice would be done them. 
 They were however doomed to dissapoint- 
 ment ; the Government denying that the 
 force had been enlisted as stated by the 
 men, and the D. A. G's denying also that 
 they had made the statements attributed 
 to them ; consequently those who did not 
 desert, or purchase their discharge by 
 obtaining substitutes had to serve a 
 three year's term for their grants of 
 land. 
 
 On the 19th September 1872, the en- 
 listed men from Ontario were joined in 
 Toronto by the Quebec contingent of In- 
 fantry and a Battery of Artillery from 
 *' B " Battery, Quebec, and took the 
 Northern Railway to OoUingwood where 
 they were uniformed and armed, and 
 formed into companies. Two days later 
 we boarded the steamer "Francis hmith" 
 for Prince Arthur's Landing under the 
 command of Lieut.-Gol. Villi^rs, of Ham- 
 ilton, now D. A.G. at Winnipeg. 
 
 The men found that the accommodation 
 furnished was the bare deck, each one 
 bunking where he could find space not 
 occupied by freight, some spreading their 
 blankets on boxes or barrels. The men, 
 being thus thrown closely together soon 
 became acquainted. They were a motley 
 mixture, Ontario farmer's sons, genteel 
 city youths, old soldiers formerly in Brit- 
 ish regiments, French habitats, and 
 among them all one strange character 
 named Vighneau who had been in the 
 Communist ranks in Paris, France, dur- 
 ing that terrible outbreak after the close 
 of the Franco- Prussian war. He kept 
 the company from sleeping by his persist- 
 ance in sini^ing French songs in an ex- 
 ceedingly forcible and excitable strain. 
 He had escaped from France after the 
 Communist outbreak had been quelled, 
 and reached Canada in time to enter the 
 service of Britain's Queen to keep the 
 peace somewhere in the far Northwest. 
 
 Another soldier also prone on his back 
 on the dock, began a song in the darkness 
 in an interval between Vighnefr's songs. 
 It was the well-known " Listen to the 
 Mocking Bird:" the peculiarity about this 
 song was that the voice ceased after the 
 words " Listen to the mocking bird " and 
 instead thereof r.ould be distinctly heard 
 the wiiigH and peculiar whistle of a bird 
 as it flew around the interior of the vjssel 
 from end to end, then it seemed to escape 
 to the outside and couid be heard flying 
 and whistling over the boat ; again ic 
 seemed I to return to the interior, 
 where it continued its rapid flight am' tb<4 
 whistling. The noise of the bird sudden- 
 ly ceased and the singer took up the re- 
 mainder of the song. He had imit<ated 
 the bird by his powers of ventriloquism. 
 As the names of the men were unknown 
 to each other, and as darkness prevailed 
 at the time, the singers name as far as I 
 know, was never known, and the song 
 was never heard again 
 
 On the 22nd September we reached 
 Prince Arthur's Landing, (now Port Ar 
 thiir) and after unloading our provisions, 
 stores, etc., from the steamer and loading 
 them on waggons we commenced our 
 march to Fort Garry about 5 p. m. by 
 ascending the steep hill behind the town 
 from the ourpmit of whioii A magnificent 
 view of Thunder Bay was obtained. We 
 
 q1 
 
 08 
 
 ,\ 
 
The Maxitoban. 
 
 117 
 
 i, 
 e 
 e 
 
 soon reached the banks of the Kaniinisti- 
 quia River, and it being about dusk we 
 camped for the night on a npot near a low 
 wojden bridge. That identical spot [ 
 recognized a few years ago while on a visit 
 to the east ; the CP.R'y crosses the river 
 only a few yards from the spot. As a 
 heavy rain had fallen a short time beforf, 
 the ground was very wet and muddy, and 
 while the tents were being pitched, a well 
 known song could be heard with the fol- 
 lowing parody on the refrain : — 
 
 Tentiug to-night, tenting to-night, 
 Tenting on the cold damp ground. 
 
 About dawn on the following niornin?, 
 we had breakfast on the hardest of Chris- 
 tie Brow.t's hardtack, beef and tea, and af- 
 ter striking tents, loading the wagons, etc., 
 we resumed our march to Lake Slieban- 
 daween which was reached late in the 
 afternoon, and at once prepared to unpack 
 our boats, to cross the lake. The boats 
 had been in use by former expeditions and 
 were not in the best condition, and were 
 supplied with oars roughly hewn out of 
 young saplings from the woods. The 
 boats were capable of holding about forty 
 men each with the necessary proportion 
 of provisions. After the stores or provi- 
 sions had been transferred to the boats, 
 we embarked as many men to each boat 
 as it would safely hold, with a sergeant in 
 charge of each There were about ten 
 boats in all. After embarking we found 
 that the flset was to be towed by a small 
 ■ steamer. This steamer was simply one of 
 the boats furnished with a small engine. 
 A start was made about 9 p. H. the boats 
 being connected by tow lines between 
 each of about 50 feet in length, the last 
 boat containing the officers. 
 
 'J'he night was dark and cool, and as 
 the suake like fleet wended its solitary 
 way among the islands, we began to realize 
 our novel position. The sight was weird 
 in the extreme, the only lights visible be- 
 ing that from the sparks of the little 
 steamer. We were in the midst of a 
 lake in an uninhabited country, unknown 
 to any one exce; t the voyageurs in charge. 
 Our hearts however were light ; w^^ knew 
 we were on our way to that far away 
 place — Fort Garry. The time was wiled 
 awaj' by sonsjs, each boat 
 the others in rolling out the choruses. 
 
 When we left the landing in tow of our 
 
 vieing with 
 
 diminutive tug, we thought ourselves for- 
 tunate in escaping the labors of rowing 
 the boats with the great, rough and un- 
 wieldy oars, but after a fev hours confin- 
 ment in the boat? (he cold became so un- 
 comfortable that we would have been glad 
 to row had it been allowed. About 1 
 A.M. we reached land and unloading began 
 preparatory to transporting ourselves and 
 our dunnage across the portage. This 
 was at length accomplished by the aid of 
 a rickety old waggon and a team appar- 
 ently reduced to the veritable "straw a 
 day." "J he portage was about one half 
 mile in width and by daylight we were 
 rea<ly for our breakfast of hardtack, etc., 
 which was relished as no plum pudding 
 had ever been before. After breakfast 
 we embarked on Lake Kashabo-ne in 
 boats with oars similar to those already 
 described. There being no tug on this 
 lake we had to row, and the weather be- 
 ing cold we were not unwilling, though 
 our progress was much slower. However 
 we soon reached the next portage, and 
 after transferring our stores, etc., across 
 over an unusually rough bush road we 
 reached the shores of Lac des Mille Lacs 
 where we camped for the night. Early 
 in the mornisg we resumed our journey, 
 over this beautiful lake, the scenery was 
 truly magniticent, the lake being dotted 
 with hundreds of lovely islands, each 
 covered with a thick evergrtrn under- 
 growth down to the water's edge, it seem- 
 ed like a fairy land, if land and water can 
 be so styled. 
 
 Our journey over portage and lake con- 
 tinued much the same as has l>een des- 
 cribed. After crossing Baril Lake, Lake 
 Windeg tosta^oon, French Lake and Lake 
 Kiogasekok and the portages separating 
 th^m and running the rapids on the Mat- 
 tawin we reached Sturgeon Lake, at the 
 crossing of which an amusing incident 
 occurred which is worth relating. Soon 
 after 1 "saving the landing on this lake the 
 boats became separated in a severe gale 
 which suddenly sprang up, the boat in 
 which the writer to»"med one of the crew, 
 was commanded by one Sergeant Brodie, 
 from Elorx, it had another Sergeant on 
 board nami'd McPher^on, an old soldier 
 formerly of the lOOch Regimoit, a rugged 
 old Scotchman who felt resentful at being 
 commanded by ^ younger man and a 
 
 163712 
 
■mKm 
 
 m 
 
 mm 
 
 ftm 
 
 118 
 
 The Manitqkan 
 
 voluntppr at that. While the atorm was 
 at its height and the boat shippinii; water 
 at the how, Brodie decided to run to a 
 Biuall island dose by. This MsPherson 
 viijorously opposed, calling H-odie a 
 coward, etc., but Brodie l)eing in com- 
 mand, a laiidins; was aflTected, where we 
 at oncn prepared for the night by cor. 
 structing a sht-lter from tho wind and 
 rain with poles and pine boun;hs. We 
 slept comfortably all night and found in 
 the morning that the storm had not 
 abated to any great extent. 
 
 McPheruon inhisted on making a start 
 and the men supported him, but Brodin 
 opposed it strongly. Headerl by Mc- 
 Fherson tlie men launched the boat-, how- 
 ever, but Brodie positively refused to em- 
 bark and tried to exercise hU authority. 
 McPherson and the men were e><ger to 
 proceed and did so, leaving Brolie stand- 
 ing on a rock wildly gesticulating and 
 threatening us all wiih arrest and court 
 marHhall for disobedience of orders and 
 insubordinatioa. We did notq'i»il, how- 
 ever, and as we kept on vigorously at t'le 
 oars we could faintly hear Hroilie's wnil 
 to leave him some beef. After proceed- 
 ing about two miles the men prevail^'d on 
 McPhersontorelenttothe extentof return- 
 ing and giving our modern R ibinson 
 Cruf'oe an opportunity of Joiain^; us: he 
 gladly did so and a few hours aft^r we 
 reached the portage and found the re- 
 mainder of the force in great anxiety 
 about our safety, and preparing to go in 
 search of us. 
 
 On reaching Fort Garry, Pi ivate Fred. 
 Swire who formed one of the p>»rty com- 
 possd the following poetical etru>ion on 
 the occaKioii of which 500 copies were 
 printed at the office of the Liberal, con- 
 ducted at that time by Mr. S'e«art 
 Mulvey and circulated in the barracks 
 much to the grief and indignHtion of the 
 two sergeants interested; — 
 
 It wa« on Sturgeon's atormy lake, 
 
 Ihere Mited a .nartial crow 
 Provisions they did wiih tbum take, 
 
 Both beef and biaonit too ; 
 But when the storm Itlast loudly roared, 
 
 And far was port or haven. 
 The leader of this martial band 
 
 Turned nnt to be a craven. 
 'What bo '." he cried, "what ho '. I My, 
 
 "Pray tnrn the vesucl's course, 
 For iiia6h I f-'ar there'* danger near 
 
 And keenly etings remorse. 
 Steer for the shore, 1 pr'ythee try 
 
 For I am unprepared to die. " 
 
 "Now out npon thee for a knave ! 
 
 I would not lift one toe to save 
 Nor thee, nor any of thy class ; 
 
 For thou'rt a most esregious ass ; 
 You've not the heart of fowl or pheaaant. 
 
 So let'n proceed hoya — are you preaent ?" 
 'Twaa thus apoke 'Phair^on,' yet the oar 
 
 Propeltrd the little bark to ahore. 
 And it would seem thut PhairKon too 
 
 Was not without a qualm or two. 
 Arrived at land, aahoie thnv sprang 
 
 Brave Crusoe, aud aloud tb-re rang 
 Ilia voice throughout the forest ulade 
 
 ''C'>m«) on, ye divils, who'a afrnid?" 
 And Echo, through the Konihre shade 
 
 Replied afar, "Crusoe's afraid." 
 
 Upon the be'^ch, they camped that night. 
 
 And anxious, waited for the light. 
 Tiie morning dawned, the tempest roar*. 
 
 And hurled the bilinwa from the ahore*. 
 No prospect aeemed held up to view 
 
 Of launching o'er'thoae waters blue ; 
 But aome more bi>l<i, were fain to start. 
 
 Save Ousoe ot the craven heart ; 
 In vain he heg* thmib few to stay — 
 
 "Not bo" eaya 'Phairson, '' ve'll away, 
 And Rend for you aome other day. " 
 
 "Wh»t ; leave me here with no relief?" 
 Says CruHoe : "pray then leatY. the beef; 
 
 And if you venture on tha: lake, 
 Upon yourself the bliime yon take." 
 
 "All right" crifB 'Phairson. "that I'll do 
 And now friend Knbinaon, Adieu !" 
 
 Out pprang the boat propelled by oars 
 Manned by a dc/.ttn stalwart rowera ; 
 
 And, aa more diRtant grew the land. 
 The voice of Crusoe renched the Iwnd, 
 
 Borne by the breeze o'er rock and reef — 
 For God's nake. 'Phairxori, Uav. the beef." 
 
 "Not so," bawls 'Phairson, "you're asiiarn,. 
 'And that be liusted for a yarn.' " 
 
 And how the crewa were safe at laat. 
 
 How dangera numerous they passed 
 And in the end got aafely hom», 
 
 la told in many a book and tome. 
 And brifiht eyrd kidii, with curly pate 
 
 Will ask thttir mother to relate 
 The story oVr iind o'er agtn - 
 
 How Ciueoe feared the rasing main. 
 And Rumor ^ays that in his sleep 
 
 Crusoe again is on the deep. 
 And muttering, 'It were nnt so bad 
 
 If only thope spare rilis I had', 
 In every breeze that stirs the leaf 
 
 His fancy whispers, 'Riba o( beef.' 
 And wavelets breaking on the shore 
 
 Say 'Beef ribs come again no more.' " 
 
 (Coiillnued in May Number.) 
 
 / 
 
 Tl«)l 
 
 ' cul 
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 i -v.oV f ■U-'-A ^'^ ^^ 
 
 SsJt ^ ^^S>' 
 
^""""^■■■p 
 
 The Manitouan. ^>'Aji/>-J5L lS<]2^ 22.5 
 
 n.)>,«TlUTUMl l^t all, find tlmt. tlieircliild- 
 ,^n Avere ilk'i?itiniati'. Xuuktouk dif- 
 ciilticH at on/fc were tbrceccii rsjK'clally 
 as t<> titles /(nd transfers of projuTty, 
 to say nothing of the uneasiness and 
 distpiiet (»iused in the minds of those 
 who i»os8t!Ssed a Hokle spouse. But to 
 remedy All tlu' difficulties an<l legalize 
 nnitters, M*,-+:'aTfwright sugg'ested in 
 ins report a jilan of getting over the 
 <|uestion ; lie says :/— 
 
 "Such heing til** ease, it is obvious 
 that it requires tlw* interposition of the 
 Legislature as /veil to setle what is 
 j)a8t, as to [)roX-ide somt; regulations 
 for tlie future i'n framing of which it 
 should be considered that gocnl policy 
 requires that jn a new country, at least, 
 matrimonial / connections should be 
 made as easy as may be consistent with 
 the importnii(;e of such engagenx'nts : 
 iUid having p>»*d^frtr"tviyself to bring 
 this busintiss forward efirly in the next 
 Session, 1 am lead t(^ hope that Your 
 Excellency will make i<uch ri'presenta 
 tjons to His Majesty's^'Ministcrs as Avill 
 induce them to coiifeent to such ar- 
 rangements respecti^ig this business, 
 as the circunistanc(^s of the country 
 may render expcdit'ht." 
 
 To those of us whq are living in this 
 enlightened age of tW li'th century, 
 such proceedings seem ratlier strange, 
 and many who have scolding wives 
 and worthless husluinds, iliay i)erhap8 
 fe(!l that by this act their liberties were 
 rudely tiiken away, and tiie chance of 
 any future freedom unwittingly done 
 for. N. 
 
 Dawson Route Military 
 Expeditions. 
 
 Br A PRIVATE OF TIIR FORCE. 
 
 f 
 
 (Confiniied from Morch number:) 
 
 In continuing the account of the pro- 
 gress of the ."trd expedition o\'er 
 the Dawson Houte in 1872. it would 
 not be wise to particularize the ar- 
 rivals and departures at the various 
 ]tortages on our route, in view of the 
 fact that the relation of such would be 
 
 simply a repetition of nmeh that has 
 been so ably described in tin; Man'I- 
 TOHAN Ijy a member of the 1st expedi- 
 tion. The duties of the oflicers and 
 men of our force were somewhat simi- 
 lar to those of the larger force of 1H70, 
 though the route followed by the latter 
 from LnkeSliebandowan to Fort Francis 
 was a more southerly «me to that by 
 which we groped our way through 
 that rocky and desolate country. The 
 reader, if he has travelled over the C. 
 V. li. to Fort William, can form an 
 idea of the ditticulties encountere«l l)y 
 those early exi)editions to this country, 
 in crossing lakes antl jiortages, wading 
 swam]»s, climbing rocks, in fording 
 streams and running rapids, on thiur 
 way to Fort (Jarry. A few moments 
 reH«'ction on the changed circumstances 
 of to-day ; the sul)stitution of the lux- 
 urious i'ullman coach tor the laJwrious 
 and dangerous method of travel, then 
 necessary to reach this country, will 
 convince and gratify any loyal Can- 
 adian of the wonderful progress made 
 in this Avestern country during the 
 last twenty years. 
 
 During our Journey ings our cliief 
 amusement was racing on the lakes 
 and rivers at every ojjportunity ; the 
 men doubling up on tiie huge oars, 
 iind Ix^nding to them with a determina- 
 tion not to be l)eaten, oftentimes the 
 oars being broken in the struggle. 
 One race the writer recollects having 
 witnessed in the stream flowing into 
 Sturgeon Lake. The boats collided at 
 a narrow i)art of the stream where 
 two could not pass, and they were in- 
 ,jured and oars liroken, and a few 
 heads came very near being Isroken 
 also. 
 
 This reminds me of an amusing in- 
 cident which occurred shortly after- 
 wards. Lieut. Taillefer, whoconniiand- 
 ed our section of the force, had issued 
 very strict orders against any further 
 racing and any one who had seen the 
 stern countenanc<' of the <'X-l';ipaI 
 Zouave would sa\- that an order from 
 him was law. We had not pr<K'et'ded 
 far, however, when a boat with a cnw 
 of Ontario boys came forging on in the 
 
 f^ <:\~Ji p n^ 
 
 
226 
 
 ThU Manitodan. 
 
 roar of the boat oceuj^ed by Lieut. 
 Taillefer, wliich was inauni'd by a 
 crew nearly all of whom were j)hy8i- 
 cally light, ))eing nearly all from AIoii- 
 treal. Tlie latter were certainly not In- 
 clined to let the Ontario boat iwss with- 
 out an effort, notwithstanding' the order 
 given by th<» otticer in command ; ho 
 they pulled for all they were able, 
 while Taillefer sat gloomily taking in 
 the situation. A repetition of the ord- 
 er was exjKJCted forbidding the race, 
 when, presto ! he makes a spring and 
 hurls a diminutive Frenchman from 
 the oar and taking his seat at it — a 
 Hercules in strength and size — gave 
 one tremendous stroke and l)reaking 
 the thwart pin, went on his back witli 
 heels in the air with the momentum of 
 a battering ram. His only remark 
 when struggling to gnt up was " well 
 boys you must not think I am a poor 
 rower." It was generally reiuarked 
 that Mr. Taillefer was never known 
 to smile, and it is certain he did not 
 on that occasion, though his crew did. 
 Experiences of another nature serv- 
 ed to vary the monotony of our jiro- 
 gress, viz., the running of rapids on 
 the Maligne river, and afterwards on 
 the Rainy river above Fort Francis. 
 The rapids on the former are long 
 and very swift, with falls here and 
 there of about 2 to 2J feet in height. 
 The boats were handled by our Iri- 
 quois Indian voyageursiOne at each bow 
 and stern.and one man at each oar pull- 
 ing as if going against the stream, 
 and descending with fearful rapidity 
 between terrible threatening rocky. 
 Nearly the whole force disembarked 
 at the head of the stream. A fcAv of 
 the abler bodied men being retained 
 to row the boats, the former portaging 
 thems«^lves and the greater part of the 
 stores overland in the usual way. The 
 boat in which the writer assisted in 
 rowing, had a narrow escape from 
 being swamped in the rapid. It struck 
 a submergetl rock, turned stern fore- 
 most, and after a series of gymnastic 
 performances, glided into the lake, 
 lialf filled with water. 
 After our boat's crew, nominallv 
 
 commanded by the redoubtable Crusoe, 
 had landed we soon reached Tanner's 
 lake over a long and rocky i)ort- 
 age, which was soon crossed. An- 
 other long and rocky i)ortage known 
 as Island portage brought us to 
 Lake Nameukan, on the northern shore 
 of which is located an Indian reserve, 
 occupied by a bjmd of Indians, headecl 
 at that tiriie by the famous chief Black- 
 stone. VVhil(! we were preparing to 
 eml)ark on the lak<', the giant chief, 
 followed by an immense throng of the 
 filthiest and most repulsive natives that 
 we had ever setm. presented himself 
 and began a harangue, which Judging 
 i)y the manner in which he drew our 
 attention to surrounding objects, in- 
 cluding his loyal following, might 
 have been a learned discoui-se on geol- 
 ogy, natural history, ethnology and 
 astronomy. Would it be reasonable 
 to suppose that, through our ignorancx; 
 of moderii languag*'?', several new ideas 
 and discoveries in these sciences are 
 not now known to the world ? It is 
 »|uite ju'olMible that it was an appeal 
 for food, at least Billy Keddy thought 
 so, when he approache<l liim with a 
 salaam, in the midst of his elocjuent 
 peroration, and handed him one of the 
 hanlest of our hard-tack. The chief 
 took it. looked at it, and with a tre- 
 mendous llgh ! he turned and stalked 
 majestically away. 
 
 •After crossing lijike Nameukan and 
 the portage l>etween that lake and 
 Rainy Lake, we met Lieut-Col. W. 
 Osborne Smith, who had arrived from 
 Fort (Jarry, to replace Col. Villiers. 
 The former at once took command, 
 and after embarking in the bojjts, we 
 began to cross Rainy Lake. We had 
 not ]»roc(H'ded far when a severe storm 
 suddenly arose wliicli drove us to the 
 lee of an island close to the Minnesot^i 
 shore. We cami»ed for the night in 
 Uncle Sam's dominions, and waited all 
 n<(xt day, Sunday, for the: storm to 
 abate. While Avaiting, our provisions 
 ran short, and that niorning a bugle 
 sounded, "Fall in." The call was not 
 expected and the men Avondered if it 
 was for Divine service, when lo ! the 
 
 
The Manitohan. 
 
 2S7 
 
 '>lo Crusoe, 
 1 TaniH'r'g 
 >cky i)ort- 
 'sed. Aii- 
 ig<' known 
 l>t an to 
 liem slioH' 
 n rpHerve, 
 lis, iH'afk'd 
 lji«'fBlHck- 
 ^<'JJHl•in^ to 
 iaiit chief, 
 oiig of th<« 
 htives that 
 pi hiniHt'lf 
 !'> Judging- 
 divw our 
 ly'ects, in- 
 g. might 
 >o on geol- 
 )logy and 
 •easonable 
 igiioranc(! 
 uow ideas 
 enc't's are 
 <•:•' It iH 
 «'i apjK'al 
 y thoug-ht 
 in wItJi a 
 eloijuent 
 ane of th(i 
 rhe chief 
 til a tre- 
 (I Htalked 
 
 ik"n and 
 ak(^ and 
 ■f'oi. w. 
 •<'<l from 
 Villiei-s. 
 mmand, 
 <wts, we 
 IVe had 
 'fi storm 
 8 to the 
 •inesotii 
 iglit in 
 ited all 
 orm to 
 visions 
 bugle 
 'as not 
 1 if it 
 >! the 
 
 the ('ol. Hteppe'l up and in huiguuge 
 not found in the I'niyer Ixutk. culled us 
 nanjfs, more foreibic than ajipropriHte 
 4)n that sacred inorn. He charged U8 
 with wasting "(rod's precious food," 
 and said, " if any man in future saw 
 another wasting i)rovi9iou8 he was to 
 hit him over tiu; head with his rifle," 
 and. he added, " I will .justify him in 
 4oing so." The Colonel then went oft' 
 in iiis big war canoe to Fort Francis 
 for supplies and met us next (biy. 
 passing each boat and throwing a 
 (luantity of hard-taok to the hungry 
 men, which we attacked at the immi- 
 nent risk of bn-iiking our te(^tli. 
 
 It did not set^m to us that there was 
 any waste, as some ;J(M) men, exposed 
 to tiie exhilirating ozone of the ()ctol)er 
 brtM'zes of theDawsim Route and row- 
 ing heavy boats, 'lad perfectly legiti- 
 mate means of gett'ag away witli food 
 without "casting tiieir bread upon the 
 waters." 
 
 We soon reached Rainy River and 
 after running several dangerous rapids 
 in tlie MO miles between the iiead of the 
 river and Fort Francis, we reached th«' 
 latter place and camped on tiie jthiin 
 opposite the Falls, where fresh meat 
 was served to us, tin- Hi-st we had eaten 
 since leaving CoUingwood. It was 
 certainly an agreeable changt- from 
 the saltest of salt pork and liard-tjick. 
 
 Th(^ village of Fort Francis is beau- 
 tifully situated on the liigli banks of the 
 river, in full view of the falls. The 
 village at that time was simply an out- 
 post of the Hudson's Bay ('onii)any. and 
 almost unknown to tlie outer world, 
 but it would be (piite safe to predict 
 for it a great future, siiould the much 
 talked of "Wini.ipeg an<l Duluth Hail- 
 way become an acconi])lisiie;l fact. It 
 li(!s in an aImo-(t direct line l)etween 
 WinniiK'g and Duiutii. and if it only 
 iiad raihvay communication with tlie 
 wheat fields of the west and Mitii Liike 
 SuiH-rior to the east, its almost unlimited 
 watei'-j)ower could be utilized to grind 
 the wheat of ha If the continent. It does 
 not reipiire the expericjiced eye of an 
 engineer to see tiiat by the construction 
 of power canals on botii sides of tiie 
 
 river above the 1 ills, a score of mills 
 could obtain |m)W( r at a comparatively 
 very snnill cost. 
 
 After laying in a supply of flour, 
 furnished by the Hudson's Hay Com- 
 pany, and bidding a regretful good- 
 bye to our jtopular leader. Lieut.-Col. 
 Villiers who had brought us safely to 
 that point, we embarked on our boats 
 and resumed our Journey down Rainy 
 Rivei". The current being with us, we 
 mad(! rapid jtrogress, and after i)ro- 
 ceeding some :\0 or 40 miles, w(^ cam|)ed 
 <m the Minnesota side for the night. 
 Farly in the morning we resumed our 
 journey down this beautiful stream, 
 and 'itte the following night we passed 
 Hungry Hall, and camped on a sandy 
 and barren island, near the mouth of 
 the river. Xext morning we found 
 that a severe storm prevailed on the 
 Lake of the Worxls, which compelled 
 us to delay embarking in our frail 
 l)oats. Our meals here were simple in 
 t\w extreme. The bill of fare consist- 
 ing of "slapjacks," the recipe for the 
 preparation of which is — mix flour with 
 Rainy River water to the consistency of 
 dough, spread it by hand into cakes of 
 a suitable size and bake on sheet iron 
 frying-pans over an open Are, built on 
 a sandy beach. In order that the 
 slapjacks be jtropiu'ly seasoned, it is 
 necessary that thc^ wind should be 
 blowing at the rate of about ten miles 
 an hour, sutticient to incor}»orate 
 eiumgh sand in them to make them 
 palatable. Xo other seasoning should 
 be used. We followed this recipe to 
 the letter, in fact we could not do 
 otherwise under the circumstances, 
 the nniterials mentioned being all 
 we had in our regimental pantry. 
 We spent the time in watching the 
 storm and in attempting to capture 
 prairie chickens, large numbers of 
 wliich flew over our heads, almost close 
 enough to enable us to hit them with 
 clubs. 
 
 Early the following morning, the 
 storm having spent itself meanwhile, 
 we resumed oui* journey over the l)roa(l 
 expanse of the Lake of the Woods, and 
 as we all had bv this time become 
 
mi 
 
 22H 
 
 The Manitoiun. 
 
 oxiwrienc't'tl boatiiUMi, wv soon crosn'd 
 thi8 last and largoHt lake on tlic roulf, 
 and reached the North West Angic, 
 after rowing through a broad expanuo 
 of wild rice bordt-rlng the Hhorc at that 
 point. Upon landing we found a cav- 
 alcade of Imrneased oxen and Red Riv- 
 er carts awaiting us, to carry our 
 stores, etc, overland, a di»tanc<' of 110 
 miles to Fort ( larry. This mode ot 
 conveyanc«! was new to many of ui?, 
 ami the various nondescript outHts 
 with their halfbreed drivers were ob- 
 jects of interest to a gr»<at«'r extent 
 than even Blackstone and his band. 
 
 The lojig black haired driviu-s w .'ri' 
 inti'rviewed for a'.' kindt of informa- 
 tion and their outfl'»a closely tixamined 
 but not a vestige of iron found upon 
 either carts or harness. Tlit^ carts 
 were soon load» d with our stores and 
 dispatched in advance of the column. 
 After a meal of slapjacks we com- 
 menced our march to Fort (iarry. 
 The road lay through the wocxls for 
 a distance of about 75 miles from the 
 lake. Th(i tall, dead tamarac and 
 spruce trees on each side showed that 
 an extensive bush Are had raged some 
 time before, burning the foliage to the 
 tops and left the bare poles swaying in 
 the breeze. Our daily march covered 
 a distance of about HO miles, which 
 was considered good considering that 
 the road bed was of white sand, our 
 feet sinking about six inches at every 
 step, and that each man carried his 
 rifle, accoutrements and forty rounds 
 of ammunition, the knapsacks only be- 
 ing in the carts. 
 
 Many of the men hml been scirved 
 with boots at Col ling wood two and 
 three sizes too large, a number, in- 
 cluding the writer, wearing number 
 twelves, and tlu^ reader can imagine 
 for himself which would suffer most 
 when a No. 9 foot, a No. V2 boot and a 
 sandy road are introduced to each 
 other. Many of the boots were dis- 
 carded and thrown into the carts, the; 
 wearers filling their socks with hay, 
 and keeping up with the column on 
 the march. 
 
 On the afternoon of the third day we 
 
 emerged into the open prairie near 
 I'ointe du Chene, when^ wtM-amped for 
 the night. During the night a heavy fall 
 of snow covered the ground to the depth 
 of about (■( inches, whicli became slush 
 in tlw morning. To the b(K)tless men 
 this waa aiiytliing but comfortable, but 
 such minor discomforts were nothing in 
 vii'w of the early termination of our 
 somewhat eventful journey. The last 
 full day's march was soon n'sumed 
 over tht! prairie, towards the oft heard 
 of R«'d River and the scene of the Riel 
 rebellion of nearly two years before. 
 The snow and tlu^ mud soon disappear- 
 ed and the change from the sand to the 
 prairie trail was a welcome one. To- 
 wards the close of the day, however, 
 several began to flag through ill Htting 
 boots and from laek of boors of any 
 kind, and towards evening the writer 
 was told off to take charge of a picket 
 to bring up the stragglers. The days 
 being short, darkness soon covered the 
 prairie with its pall, and aliout !» 
 o'elork a camp fire could be seen in the 
 distance. This was cheering, as it was 
 thought an indication that our march 
 for that, day would very soon be over. 
 After trudging several miles and the 
 light seemingly as distant as vvvr, we 
 entjuired at a house by the roadside 
 (situated, we afterwards found, in the 
 parish of Lorette) wliat the distance 
 was to the light. We were told "about 
 tree miles." That at least was defin- 
 it»', we thought. 
 
 .\nother liour wi^arily passed and 
 tsill as the light appeared no nearer, 
 eniiuiry was again made at a house of 
 the distance to the light. Our hearts 
 sank when we got the answer "about 
 tree miles," and for some time the 
 picket had sonu^ difficulty in prevent- 
 ing several Montreal men seeking shel- 
 ter in houses of the French residents 
 by the way. However, about midnight 
 we rcHched the camp fire, around 
 which the men had gathered and were 
 fast asleep on the ground •'•. the op<m 
 air, the tents not having i ••> Ived. A 
 number of our straggle*. ■ rr^m ibund 
 a haystack close by, from which they 
 pulled a quantity of hay in tiic; midst 
 
T 
 
 ^'«'i<' near 
 
 Jinipcd thv 
 
 ion vy full 
 
 ItfU'dcptl, 
 klt'H.S Ilii'M 
 
 ftnhlo, |,i,t 
 liothiiijif in 
 !"• of oui" 
 
 loft Iwnnl 
 the Kiel 
 r^ '"'foi'e. 
 i9Hpp«vir- 
 iid to the 
 "'•'■ To- 
 in>vev(«i-, 
 i'l Httin^r 
 of any 
 
 ^'< picket 
 
 ''h' (lavH 
 •eivd tile 
 a'foiit !» 
 f^'i in the 
 •s it Avas 
 ' iiiarcJi 
 f>e over. 
 «n(l tiie 
 v«!r, we 
 'oadside 
 . in tlie 
 li^tarico 
 
 "Hbout 
 
 de/iii. 
 
 learor, 
 •>US(' of 
 
 lu'arts 
 '•bout 
 le tlie 
 f^veiit- 
 rsliei- 
 ifieiitu 
 ni«-lit 
 "oiiiid 
 wi!i-e 
 open 
 !. A 
 buiKi 
 
 tlley 
 
 aidst 
 
 « 
 
 The Makitouax. 
 
 220 
 
 of whicli tlioy Htn'tclifd tlicir tii'<'(l 
 llmbt* and had th*- Houiulc^t and ni08t 
 mstful Hl(;t'p of any on th<\|ounu'y. 
 
 Next niurniiijif, the 2l8t (>erol)er, 
 the march waaajfiiin n-sumcd and soon 
 tlie cro.HHinpf of the Seine Uiv(!r to the 
 «'H8t of St. Boil face was readied, wiiere 
 we halted to wasii and ch-aii up 
 before (-ntiTinjif civilizarion af^ain. 
 Soon after wc! reachc^d tlic hanks ot 
 Red River, passinjf hi front of th** 
 Bishop's F'ahice and crossed th«* Hod 
 River by way of a ferry into what, is 
 now known as Fort Roiifje, and from 
 thence over the Assiniboine Rivisr on a 
 I" atoon brldjfc, close* to and east 
 of where the Main St. Bridg-e now 
 Htandu, and into Fort (iarry throufli 
 the massive south gate. The onler 
 "halt, front, dress" brou^'lit our lonff 
 tiresome Joui'ney to a close, when w(; 
 were told off in half companies to our 
 respective barrack rooms in tlie old 
 two story Hudson's Bjiy (.'ompany's fur 
 warehouse, standing In a row within 
 and close to the western wall, and 
 fronting on what served as the bar- 
 rack square. 
 
 The buildings which served as bar- 
 racks were three in number, two 
 stories In height and built of logs after 
 the old Red River fashion, and shingled 
 •with heavy oak shingles fastened 
 to oak sheeting with old fashioned, 
 broad headend, hand 
 A large door in the 
 the S(iuare opened 
 ibule on each side 
 a large barn like room, utterly devoid 
 of ornament of any khul. From the 
 vestibule ascended a stair to two 
 similar situated rooms in the second 
 story. Around the rooms with their 
 heads to the wall were located the cots. 
 and in the centre were the tables an^! 
 benches. In these homely and prin. 
 itive quarters we found a home. And 
 each man after having his cot allotted 
 to him and being free from his heavy 
 accoutrements was directed to Hll his 
 empty tick with straw which was to be 
 his soldier's bed ; that done, he was free 
 for a time to look around him. Some 
 betook themselves toletterwriting,some 
 to renewing old acquaintances among 
 
 made nails, 
 middle, facing 
 
 into a vest- 
 of which was 
 
 those who had re-enlisted and remained 
 with the force ; while mnny, a, large 
 ni'ijority, found their way to the can- 
 teen in a semi basement of an adjoining 
 building to regale tlu^mselviM with the 
 iicjuid refreshments provided and for 
 8!ile to thirsty soldiers. ^ 
 
 ( To he cmtinued.) 
 
 B^ttT*Ice"ACamepon, 
 
 ((.•. I'oetry tlm^Iappy Medium. 
 A Story ift 'L'wo Book*. 
 
 {Furiht Manitobnii.) 
 
 I 
 
 Bv w: 
 
 OS.MAN MAHEK. 
 
 4k 
 
 {CimtinHmi.) 
 
 HAT'S carrying ittoo far, uncle," 
 
 Kaid V;uie, "do you fancy my 
 
 digest! veiu:^i(iis are capable 
 
 of eonsumiiip^ w'ivholfe pig, and a live 
 
 om* at thaTT^ / 
 
 '• Voung man," / answered Mr. 
 Vaughan in a grav/and solemn lone, 
 •'don't laugh, if I !*ay you'll despoil of 
 live and hajipiness for your inner man'i 
 sake a carniveroiis eonsumei" of vege- 
 tables you'll do so. and mind you don't 
 forget it." 
 
 '•Weil, that fight. Them porkers 
 began to grunt- as well as the one 
 you'll be i)ivsented with for dinner — 
 and called the cattle to witness the 
 siK'CtHcle, which they accordingly did, 
 crowding around, switching their tails 
 with <U*light, and clamouring so furi- 
 ously that ili^j3juu>4iands hastfsned to 
 discover the causeAof disturbance. 
 Well, when 1 arrived,|I saw two naked 
 roosters, still peckingl away like fury 
 and the whoh- host of witnesses show- 
 ing their a[)proval ol? the cen-mony in 
 the liveliest possibhj manner. " 
 
 "How's Violet," Vane managed to 
 query at this point, more for a cjiange 
 of subject than anytliing else. 
 
 "Oh, she's excellent, just feeling the 
 effects of love's young dream. There's 
 a young feller around here, looking 
 about with anxious and longing eyes, 
 and I fancy there'll be a hitching match 
 fore long. Well, them chick— »" 
 
 i 
 
 ^MrfX A/Wv" 
 
 (Vw^ TfWjJvJi 
 
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 A^V> 
 
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