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The Triiissic rock.K (il'tlic W^nI |>rcsfiil tliciiisi'lvcN iiiidcr two very f the Roi'ky ^rouiitain rcLiioii cle.uly point to the conditions of deposi- tion found in a shallow body of water, more or less comph'iely shut oil' from the oicaii or only in occasional and brief connect ion with it. while, for the most part, the sediments of the Nevada Triassic are, as unmistakably, such as miuht be produced under ordinary marine conditions in greater or less proximity lo a c(.ast line. 144 (iROlWK M. DAWSON ON T!Ii; THIASStr OV TUK The (listiiKlioii (luis iiiMikcil is di'Mily cin oinili'icd iiiui li rurtlicr sotitli llimi llio 40th ]>!irallrl ii'iiion. ;iiin'si'iit iinic is pi-cscntt'd. Ininndiiilrly to thi- north ol' llir J'.Mli dcii'n'i' ol' lat it >;ressioiis of salt ci'ystals. -UU) jcct. Passes uiadually down into Srn'is F. I'aw n-ciiluiircd llau'jy heds ol'dolomiiic sandstone ;ind limestone, with more red sandstone layers, whiih are especially ahundani toward the top. •Jilil feet. Sirirs E. AniyLidalojd.d trap, ."id lo 1(1(1 feet. The last iiieiii ioiicd immediately o\-erlies the compact hluish limestone ol' Carhouirerous aiz'e. and. \\ ilh the exception ol' the inteiruptioii causeil hy this contemi>orane()us sheet ol' volcanic matier. the whole of the series are coiironnahle and pass u'radually each into the next. The conditions indicated iire. in ("arlioiiil'erous times, a somewhat deep sea gradually shoaliiu;-. Tile o<( urreiice of ;iu important volciinic outl)n>ak. and shortly then'al'ter tho more or less complete closure of the cominuni 4!'th ])arallel. and prohahly never extended west of tin' Selkirk and (rold Ivaiiii'es of Central Ihitish Columhia. Still further north, however, we meet with e\idenceof a more decided character. 1< or. th m the ui)per line ami Jcaci I V h'ivers. on the eastern Hank of tiie mouiitaiiiH, a series of lilackish shales and aruilliti's. sometinn's calcareous, occur, and hold characteristic Alpine Trias fossils, lieds containiiiL;' similar forms are found in a iiumher of places to the west of the Crold ltaiiu;e ill llrilish Columhia. and it is prohahle that the Triassic ocean, in the latitude of the I'eaee Uiver, extended completely across tho Cordillera lielf eastward. No mountain hoiindary occurs hetweeii this reLfioii and that first (h'scrihod ) the sou.li. hut a tract of prohahly low land must ha\e sejiarated these two areas in the Triassic period. In till' 'iui'eii Charlotte Islands Triassic rocks, holding fo.ssils of the same strictly ROCKY MOUNTAINS AND lilMTISIl COLUMlilA. 145 lUiiviin' chiivactcr, nic l:iiu<'ly (Icvdopcd. and tlicy also occur witli almiidaiit iiioUuscous iviiiains in llic nortlifin pari of Vaiifonvcr Island. In the soutlii'vn part ofth(> interior of Hrilihh Columbia, not far west of the Selkirk and Gold IJanuvs, rocks also oc. ur nncon- i'ornial)ly ovcrlyinu' the t'arhoniii'rous series, i'roui which a few fossils, wilh little dou!)t, l)eloM!4-in!i' to the same Alpine Trias fauna have been ohtained ; and it is I'urther prohahle ,l,j,| — jiis iii Oalifoniia — the u-reater part of the auriferous shales are attrihutahle to this or the succeediiin' Jurassic si'rii's. Ill the Queen (^iiarlt.tte Islands. Van«ouver Island, and on the mainland of t lie province, however, the Triasic .series is larii'ely compo.sed of rocks of volcanic orii;in. some of whii li have been lavas while others are a!j;'ulomerateor ash beds, made up of fraunienis of iuiieous material. iU(ire or less perfecllv stratilied. Tlu-se are mini>-led with. schistos.' and slaty rocks. :ind in. some places witii massive l)hiish lime-stone. de|)ositeddurini^- periods of triin(piillity ; and it will reipiire the most careful and systenuiticexaminalion tocompleti'ly .separate tiiis from the underlying strata. I have little doubt that the so-called ' porphyroids ' of Kinu-'s Koipato groitp indicate an extension of similar volcanic activity over the t'lth parallel reiiion to the south. A word may be added with relereuce to the climatic .ontlitioiis implied by the Red Ueds of the interior. The basin in which they were formed has not only been i)relty o<>ni- pletely cut oil' from the ocean, but the rati' of evaporation, of its waters must iiave been normally in excess of that at whi. h they were re-supplied by precipitation or drainage from neiuhboring lands. It is probable that at that time, as at the present day. westerly winds prevail. -d in this part of the northern heuiisphere, and. if the North Tacilii' Ocean I lien exist ed, t hesc would carry, as t hey do now, an abundance of moisture and atlbrd a copious rainfall on the west coast. As the laml barrier of the inland .sea to the west cannot have been of very great width, it must liave been of such lieiuht as to cau.se the almost c4tliand alith parallels, the Gold l\anue almost completely disappears, and it is through this gap that the Triassie ocean must have Ihnved eastward to the upper Tea.e River c(mntry and. perhaps, nuuh farther east— though the Cretaceous, and Larai.iie beds, oc