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 THE LOWE FARM 
 
 pjldranlic-dolonizalsioii Syndicate 
 
 The Lowe Farm, comprising 16| soctions of land, of one 
 square mile or 640 acres each, is situate on the Brandon 
 Branch of the Northern Pacific "Railway, in Manitoba, about 
 10 miles west of Morris, on the Red River. It is a Railway 
 Station, named " Lowe Farm." This station, on the north 
 front of the farm, is nearly niidway between its eastern and 
 western boundaries. It has a frontage of six miles on the 
 railway, with the station in the middle. 
 
 The land consists of a very rich, black, deep humus, and 
 rests on a deep retentive clay sub-soil. It is in fact the very 
 best of, having been specially seletted in, the very heart of 
 the almost world-renowned " Red River Valley." 
 
 This land, which is practically inexhaustible, yields, when 
 cultivated, the largest crops in the Province of Manitoba. It 
 is not surpassed in richness on the continent of America. 
 It produces in the natural prairie state the richest herbage 
 found in Manitoba ; a condition highly favourable for obtain- 
 ing the largest crops, with the minimum of labour, of prairie 
 hay, for home use, or baling for export to Winnipeg. 
 
 Its situation in relation to railway lines and tlie centres 
 of commerce, as well in Manitoba as in the older Provinces of 
 the Dominion and the United States, is very favourable, as 
 may be seen by a glance at the accompanying sketch map. 
 
 The water supply of these rich lands and favourable 
 position, is deficient ; and it is for the purpose of supplying 
 this prime necessity, on an effective scale, and permanently, 
 that it is proposed to form a Syndicate. 
 
The opinion of an eminent Hydraulic Engineer, Mr. T. C 
 Keefer, I; as been obtained as to the feasibility of the project, 
 and the comparatively moderate cost witli which it may be 
 carried out. 
 
 The water main would be a straij^ht line from the Red 
 River, at a depth of over seven feet from the surface (such 
 being tlie depth at which the pipes are laid for railway 
 water supply at Morris and elsewhere in Manitoba). This 
 main would supply all farms to a width of two miles on 
 each side, or four miles in all. These lateral supplies for 
 individual farmers would be regulated by automatic shut-off 
 stop-cocks, in receiving cisterns, about ten feet square, 
 excavated in the blue clay. Each cistern to be supplied with 
 a pump. 
 
 The water of the Red River runs deeply below the level 
 of the prairie, in the course which it has worked out for 
 itself. From the banks of the river the rise is very gradual, 
 being about 20 feet in 10 miles, to the Lowe Farm. 
 
 These conditions are very favourable for the proposed 
 hydraulic construction. And it may be added, the river 
 bank lot on the east side of the base line, formerly used as a 
 steamboat landing wharf, and situated in the best place for 
 the building and pumping machinery on the bank of the 
 river, is in the possession of the proprietor of the Lowe 
 Farm, and has exceptional value for the purpose desired. 
 
 The estimated approximate cost of taking a water main 
 and connections, over the area, above mentioned, from the 
 Red River as far as the Lowe Farm, from informations to the 
 present received, is about $60,000. But this estimate might 
 be altered with the character of the work. The expense of 
 the considerable item of excavation may be very much 
 modified by the use of the most approved methods of ditch- 
 ing for pipe laying in the conditions of prairie soil. 
 
 It is to be observed that investments for hydraulic sup- 
 plies, for promoting colonization, in large tracts of country, 
 which could not otherwise be settled, in the neighbouring 
 L^nited States, are no new feature. On the contrary, very 
 
:i 
 
 larce amounts of capital have been invested in such works 
 with results in tlie hii;host dcirrpe advantntreous to all con- 
 cerned. It may bo added, it has been found, that success and 
 protits liave always attended, when the conditions in relation 
 to enmneerincr and soil were favourable. 
 
 The essential condition of financial security of the present 
 project is the fact of the exceptional value and favourable 
 position of the lands affected by the proposed Works, and 
 equally favourable engineerinnf conditions, coupled with the 
 fact of the relatively very low prices at which lands can, at 
 present, in the absence of water supply, be obtained. But 
 with an efficient and permanent water supply, they would 
 immediately go up to very hit^h prices; and this particularly 
 in the face of a generally risinj^ market, in view of the 
 rapidly augaienting population and wealth of the Province 
 of Manitoba. 
 
 It is proposed to purchase by the Syndicate, in as fur as 
 may be found convenient, two sections of land, on each side 
 of the base line, and railway, which run side by side, from 
 the town of Morris, westward to the Lowe Farm, about ten 
 miles ; or further, if considered advisable, that is to say, two 
 miles on each side, or an extent of width of land of four 
 miles or four sections altonfether. 
 
 The extent of land thus to be acquired in a distance of 
 ten miles of road to the Lowe Farm is 25,600 acres, in ad- 
 dition to that of the Farm. 
 
 In relation to this consideration of extent of purchase of 
 land there is the fact that the exclusive possession, of the 
 essential condition of water supply by the Syndicate, would 
 give it absolute control over all the lands within the reach 
 of such supply, and also control of those land's further west 
 as far as Myrtle, for the reason that the amount of capital 
 which would be required to bring another main from the 
 Red River would be out of the reach of individual pro- 
 prietors. 
 
 If the Syndicate extend its operations only to the Lowe 
 Farm, with a main of sufficient capacity, to continue the 
 
siipjily as far as Myrtle, it would liave monopoly, as respects 
 the distance beyond, to the extent of the amount of capital 
 necessary to construct its main to that point, 
 
 Assumin",' the estimated cost to be .%0,000 for the water 
 supply for two tiers of sections on each side of the railway 
 and hase line, for a length of ten sections, which is ten niik'S, 
 we have a total of 25,000 acres to be supplie<l, or an adde»l 
 capital value of $2 34 per acre. This refers to the purchase<l 
 lands to roach the Lowe Farm. The amount per acre would 
 be very much reduced by taking in the 16^ sections of the 
 Farm. Including these the added ca})ital value would be 
 only SI. 66 per acre. * Such an addition is extremely moderate 
 for procuring an essential condition of so much potentiality 
 as to convert lands which are at present little sought after, into 
 lands tlie most valuable and most desirable for farming pur- 
 poses in the Province of Manitoba. 
 
 It is projDosed to place tlie whole of the Lowe Farm in the 
 stock of the Syndicate, at the present price of the surrounding 
 lands, with the exception of section 31, township 4, range 2, 
 1 west. 
 
 This section, 31, contain sthe buildings, consisting of house, 
 barns, granary, stables, workshops, etc., of the Lowe Farm, 
 the railway station, and the railway section house ; and it is 
 on this section that it is proposed to construct a receiving 
 reservoir and pumping works, for a;ny desired extension of 
 the water main. Grain elevators or stores will be required 
 to be constructed on this section ; together with a school- 
 house, church, blacksmith's shop, store and post-office, inn, 
 etc. — in short, this section is a town site. The section con- 
 taining these conditions, has some additional value, over the 
 ordinary farming land. 
 
 It is to be observed that the most distant possible point 
 from a railway station (soon undoubtedly to be also supplied 
 with post-office and telegraph stations) is live miles ; that is, 
 from the tier of sections on each side of the railway ; and 
 the second tier would be only one mile further back. The 
 facilities, therefore, for all farmers on these tiers for sending 
 
produce to inarkft and jiijotting liack all sorts of supplies, are. 
 the most favoiiraido possible. In estiinating an advantaf,'u 
 of this kind it must he borne in mind that when a farmer 
 has to team his grain and sujiplies for a distance as far as 
 ten miles, the cost is oipial to a value of 5 cents for a bushel 
 of wheat, and no farmer would hin»self contract to do such 
 teaminj; for less. If then we estimate the product of an acre 
 at 30 bushels (but on the Lowe Farm nuich more has been 
 obtained), proximity to a railway station is worth an annual 
 rental oi' S1.*0 an acre more than sinular land only ten miles 
 distant from a station, or in other words one-tenth of a 
 capital value of SI 5 an acre more for the product of one acre 
 teamed to market, to saj* notlung of a similar economy in 
 teaming in all kinds of supplies. 
 
 It is believed that the forerjoinij combination of condi- 
 tions constitute an unusual o[)portunity for very favourable 
 and secure investment, resting on undt)ubted rising values 
 of land. 
 
 To place tho estimate of increase of values at its lowest 
 terms, which would arise from the construction of tlie water 
 works proposed, it may he stated tliat the lands which may 
 now^ be accjuired at moderate prices, by the Syndicate 'from 
 the town of Morris to the Lowe Farm, and al.so ten nules 
 further west if desired, would, the momerjt a reliable su])[)!y 
 of w'ater w^as secured, rise to the price of S20 per acri,' at 
 the least. An oiier is alrcadv niade for farminij land, formiiiir 
 part of the Lowe Farm, of S20 per acre, on the condition of 
 water supply being afforded ; and as high as S50 per acre has 
 been offered for part of section 81, above alluded to, as the 
 town site section, on the condition of such supply. 
 
 At the pres(Mit time farming lands in themselves of less 
 intrinsic value at Portage la Prairie, in Manitoba — but where 
 there is the favourable condition of water everywhere obtain- 
 able in a gravel sub-soil, the railwaj'- facilities being the same, 
 — sell at $50 an acre^and upwards; and during the past 
 year inferior lands in many respects have changed hamls oji 
 
fi 
 
 tlio Red River at S20 an aero and been IjcUI for more, owing 
 to ilui fact of proximity to water. 
 
 Prairio fannini:; land in the older settled parts of the State 
 of Minnesota of inferior intrinsic valne sells at S^O and S50 
 per acre, and in the State of Illinois at very nnich hit^lier 
 figures. With the progress of settlement and accunuilntion 
 of wealth' in Manitolia, which are sure to come, and witli the 
 special advantages of richness of soil, favournhle railway 
 facilities, and the monopoly wiiich the propo.sed hydraulic 
 works would give, the prices qf land v/ould rapidly rise in 
 sympathy. 
 
 The Syndicate, in addition to being abb; to offer the prime 
 necessity of a ptu-inanent water supply to the settlers on the 
 land it would acnuire, could, if tliought advisable, offer the 
 inducement to contract to do ploughing for settlers by the 
 Stephen.son Steam Plough at a price of SI per acre, which is 
 about one-third of the ordinary price in Manitoba for such 
 work. 
 
 The Syndicate wouhl also be in a position to furnish at 
 modei'ate cost to each settler, a straw burning stove (of wldeh 
 particulars are stated in an Appendix herewith) which would 
 enable him to obtain all his fu.'l, both for warming and 
 cooking, from his surplus or waste straw, or from the weeds 
 and herV)age of the prairie. He would thus gain an advan- 
 tage also of prime importance, to settlers on the prairie. 
 One of these stoves has been used Avith great satisfaction 
 for a period of five years on the Lowe Farm for warming, 
 cooking and bakinof, and condensing water for farm use, no 
 other fuel of anv kind whatever having been used. 
 
 The papers in the accompan^nng Appendix show actual 
 operations which have been carried on, in connection with 
 the Lowe Farm, but which have been largely hindered owing 
 to the want of water supply. 
 
 Any or all of them might "be taken up by the Syndicate, 
 if thought advisable. 
 
 JOHN LOWE. 
 Ottawa, July, 1891. 
 
Itual 
 'ith 
 
 'inrr 
 
 kate, 
 
J^FFENDIX:. 
 
 The papers io thin Appendix aru iiitenfled to hIiow tho iudustries 
 connected with the Lowo Farm, and tho faclHtinH and attmctionH which 
 they may afford to settlers under the HydrauUc Syndicate project. Any 
 or all of tliese Industrirs nii^ht l)e connected with the Syndicate as ti\ight 
 from thne to time ho thounhi adviNaV)le, in addition Ut its operations 
 with land and water supply ; or, as it nii^Tht bo thouglit advisable, to 
 increase the sphere of its activily. 
 
 All the Rtatements made are based on fads, which have been furnished 
 by experience, and which can be denionstraled whenever desired. 
 
 STATEMKNT OF COST OF OIinWIXG WHEAT BY STEAM 
 
 CULTURE. 
 
 Statement of cost to tho Farm, in actual outlay, per bushel of wheat, 
 based on expenditure per acre, at the present rates of vvaf^es and 
 materials, in Manitoba, not including interest of invcbtmcut nor coHt of 
 management : — 
 
 By Steam Plouf?h— Per Acre. 
 
 rioujihiiiK. one man, two boys, with board 17 
 
 One man and team for water, with board 13 
 
 Oil for engine and packing 02 
 
 One man and team with mower, cutting grass, for 
 
 fuel of engine 13 
 
 Harrowing by team 10 
 
 Seeding by press drill 16 
 
 Five pecks, or l.| bushels, wheat for seed $1 .25 
 
 Harvesting, cutting grain 1.1 
 
 binding cord, 2.\ lbs 38 
 
 " stooking 10 
 
 •' threshing from stook 30 
 
 (If the grain were stacked, the stacking would cost 
 $1 per acre, and the threshing from stack more 
 than double above qixotation for tlireshlng,) 
 
 Teaming grain one mile 10 
 
 92.00 
 Add for unforeseen expenses, wet days, etc 75 
 
 Total ¥3.71 
 
10 
 
 The ordinary herbage of the prairie is generally suflicient for the fuel 
 of the engine; but after the first year the surplus straw would be more 
 than suniolcnt for all fuel. 
 
 Wheat at 30 bushels per acre thus raised would cost 12A cents per 
 bushel. 
 
 The product of wheat is put down in above statement at 30 bushels 
 an acre ; but yields of IM and 40 bushels i)cr acre have been obt ined at 
 the Lowe Farm and othjr places in the vicinity. 
 
 The ordinary cost of breaking an acre of the prairie is ^2.50, by horse 
 or oxen power. 
 
 The ordiiuiry cost of raising an acre of wheat in Manitoba by the 
 methods commonly employed is $9. 
 
 The ordinary cost of raising an acre of wl\eat in Ontario, as oiricially 
 stated by the Iiur(iau of Agricultural Statistics, is §10.43 for fall wheat, 
 and flo.cO for spring wheat, / 
 
 If barley weie cultivate 1 instead of wheat, by the Steam Plough and 
 Traction Thresher, with the (lathering Attachment, the cost of binding 
 cord, stooking, and two men's wages would be saved, taking from the 
 above ligure of $3.71 per acre, 61 cents, making the cost $3.10 per acre. 
 
 Counting the product of barley at 40 bushels t a the acre, tlie cost would 
 be 7'i* cents per bushel. 
 
 Larger yields of barley have been obtained at the Lowe Farm. Fifty 
 bushels and over have been grown. 
 
 In oats 86 bushels per acre have been obtained. 
 
 It is believed that with careful cultivation a fjuality of barley may be 
 grown in Manitoba suita,ble for the English market, with results more 
 profitable than the growing of wheat. 
 
 (Signed) John Lowe, 
 
 * Wm. Stkhiienson. 
 
 Ottawa, Anril 17th, 1891. 
 
 STRAW AND PRATRIE IIER13A(iP: FOR FUEL. 
 
 One of the greatest dilTiculties and expenses for the settler on the 
 prairie is to procure fuel for cooking and warming in the cold winters 
 which prevail in Manitoba. In the early years of the establishment of the 
 Lowe Farm, under the managemenr of Mr. Asa Westover, the cost of 
 procuring fuel for warming and cooking was found to be not only very 
 onerous but almost ruinous. INlr. Wm. Stephenson, the present Manager, 
 foimd such to be the fact during the first year of his occupation under 
 his arrangement with Mr. Lowe. He, therefore, applied himself to over- 
 coming this ditliculty by the construction of a stove, suitable for burning 
 straw and prairie herbage. He saw that if every farmer could grow or 
 use his own fuel, or, in other words, use his surplus straw and the 
 ordinary herbage of the prairie for that purpose, one of the very greatest, 
 —in fact, the greatest— dillicuUies of j)rairie life would be solved. He 
 accordingly invented a straw-burning stove which has been patented. 
 
11 
 
 the 
 Iters 
 
 the 
 \t of 
 
 •ery 
 
 !;er, 
 Ider 
 
 ,'er- 
 
 or 
 It he 
 
 ■St, 
 
 He 
 
 This stove has been used continuously on the Lowe Farm for a period 
 of five years and not one stick of wood nor one pound of coal has been 
 used during the whole of that time for fuel for household purposes. It 
 has been found perfectly satisfactory for both cooking and Imking and 
 warming, and for converting many tons of snow into water both for 
 household uses and supplying the animals on the Farm. 
 
 The straw for this stove can be used either in the form of liales, or loose 
 in the form in wliich it comes from the threshing machine. It has been 
 used in the loose form at-the I.owe Farm. It is thrown from the waggon 
 into an adjoining shed, constructed of boards outside the house. The 
 stove is placed near the wall, fitted witli an iron entrance through which 
 the loose straw is thrust into the stove by means of an ordinary pitchfork. 
 An automatic acting iron door falls as soon as the straw is put into the 
 stove. All danger of lire is thus obviated. 
 
 In this way no litter of straw is made in the kitchen or tlie dwelling- 
 room warmed, and tlie stove at tlie Lowe Farm is so constructed 
 that the ashes when shaken fall into an iron receiver in the cellar and 
 there retain a (considerable heat under the Moor, which has a warming 
 influence. 
 
 The straw used for fuel might, if thought desirable, be pressed into 
 bales, which would burn slowly away, and retain heat for several hours, 
 by regulation of the draught, thus wairming tlie house at night. 
 
 The stove in use on tlie Lowe Farm is constructed to serve both for 
 the purpose of a heater and for cooking and baking and for condensing 
 water, — hot water being suitplicd 1m' a tap. It can be apportioned to the 
 requirements of the very finest cooking, either in boiling, frying, roast- 
 ing meat or baking any kin^d of pastry, from small articles such as pie, 
 tart, or biscuit to twelve loaves of Ijread at once in the oven. 
 
 The heat from this stove, even -'n very cold weather, is pleasant and 
 satisfyivig for warming purposes. This fire can be at all times immedi- 
 ately lit by the application of a match and it at once burns up. The stove 
 can, with equal faoiiiiy, be used as a furnace, adapted to the circulation 
 of hot Welter in pipes or the distribution of heated air. 
 
 The draught can be regulated by a damper to give the heat required. 
 The attendance, even when burning loose straw, is about the same as tliat 
 required by a common wood stove l)urning soft wood. 
 
 A stranger entering the kitchen or dwelling-room warmed by one of 
 these stoves would not perceive from appearance what kind of fuel was 
 used. lie would simply note the genial warmth. 
 
 Weight for weight the amouni of iieat in a ton weight of straw is 
 about the same as that in a ton weight of wood. The straw is very easily 
 drawn from the stack to the spot where it is required to be burnt. The 
 flame emitted being a light blue, sometl\ing similar to that from anthra- 
 cite coal, but without the unpleasant smell which often arises from the 
 escape of gas from the latter. 
 
 With the use of this stove on the Lowe Farm and ample supplies of 
 straw, Mr. Stephenson would not draw either wood or coal from Morris, 
 if ofFered to him gratis; or undertake to saw and split wood for fuel, if 
 teamed to the farm, in preference to using straw. 
 
12 
 
 HAY AND STRAW SUPPLY AND PRKS3ING INDUSTRY. 
 
 The prairie herbage suitable for hay for some miles around the Lowe 
 Farm is the richest in all Manitoba. The supply at present is almost 
 illimitable and may be for some time to come. 
 
 Tile demand in Winnipeg for hay and straw is always very large and 
 apparently increasing with the rapid increase of the city. Supplies are 
 not found to come in as rapidly as desired. 
 
 Mr. Hawlf, a dealer in trrain and cattle feed at Winnipeg, made an offer 
 to Mr. Stephenson last winter to take 2()0 tons of straw at $7 a ton pressed. 
 This order, however, Mr. Stephenson was not able to till. Mr. Bawlf said 
 that straw for bedding, owing to its scarcity, is almost as valuable as hay 
 in Winnipeg. 
 
 With the machinery and appliances at present on tlie Lowe Farm, and 
 at the present rates of wages, hay can be put up very cheaply. The follow- 
 ing is a summary for cost, at the prices paid on the Farm, of 15 tons- 
 
 One man and two horses mowing, per day $2.07 
 
 One boy and one horse raking, one day 89 
 
 Five men and five horses stacking, half day 3.18 
 
 Grease and oil for machine 11 
 
 $0.25 
 Add for unforeseen expenses 1.40 
 
 $7.05 
 Or about 51 cts. per ton for hay i)ut up in stacks. 
 
 With a hay-loading machine, one and a half days' wages and board 
 could be saved, amounting to $1.01, on stacking 15 tons— reducing the 
 cost per ton below 50 cts. 
 
 There is at present on the Farm^tlie iron work of a Dederick Straw 
 Pressing Macliine, the wood work of which was destroyed by fire. It 
 would cost about $200 to replace the wood work of this machine and such 
 castings as might be necessary. With this machitie straw and hay can 
 be pressed into bales for the Winnipeg market at times of the j'ear Avhen 
 no other kind of work can be done, and always loaded directly on cars at 
 the Lowe Farm Station. As large a trade may be develo})ed in pressed 
 hay and straw as in thti growing of wheat on a large scale, at prices which 
 cannot fail to be very remunerative, in view of the very small cost of 
 stacking on the specifications above stated. 
 
 This work might, in fact, make a very important winter industry of 
 great advantage to all concerned, as well in the supply of needed neces- 
 saries as in the profit of those who furnished. 
 
 Bales of straw or hay can be built into walls, being set in a puddle of 
 clear blue clay, the same way as bricks are set in mortar. The strongest 
 man could not separate two bales of straw joined in tliis manner after 
 one day's adhesion. Walls built in this way are durable, frost-proof, 
 fire-proof and rat-proof. A rat cannot eat through a pressed bale. The 
 
13 
 
 bales can be pressed so hard as to hold with firmiiesa a nail driven into 
 them. 
 
 Bales of this nature may be \ised for the construction of out-buildings, 
 which would be both warm and cheap. An ordinary frame house sheathed 
 witli tightly-pressed bales would be perfectly frost-proof in winter and 
 cool in summer. 
 
 DITCHING BY MACHINERY. 
 
 At the present moment over 800 miles of ditches require to be made in 
 the County of Morris, that is about two miles in connectign with every 
 section. 
 
 The Morris municipality is required by law to spend the whole of the 
 commutation money received from the Statute Labour Tax every year in 
 this construction. At present about $l,f)(X) a year is spent in this way, 
 an average of about $1,000 per annum has been paid for this work let 
 every year. With the increase of population in the count}', which would 
 undoubtedly come if water were available, this commutation money would 
 be very largely increased. 
 
 There is at present on the Lowe Farm the following ditching 
 machinery : — 
 
 1st. A heavy four-horse plough, specially con.structed for the excava- 
 tion of ditches. 
 
 2nd. A two-horse ditch sward cutter. 
 
 3rd. A foi;r-horse ditcher known as the Ditch Sward Scraper. 
 
 The plan adopted for ditching by the Municipal Council of the County 
 of Morris is to make ditches nine feet wide and six inches deep and to lay 
 out the roads between every section of land, which is one square mile, all 
 the road tax, as stat 1, being used for this purpose. 
 
 The cost of doing one mile of ditching is as follows :-— 
 
 One man and two horses, staking out and cutting 
 
 the sward, one mile, one day $2.,')0 
 
 One man and four horses ploughing, one day, one 
 
 mile 3.r)0 
 
 One man and four horses, scraping out the dirt 
 and putting it on the road two days, one 
 mile 7.00 
 
 (This machine takes out of the ditch and throws 
 on to the road one cubic yard of earth in every 
 minute of time.) 
 
 Time for measuring and taking the job, with 
 draughting team and unforeseen expenses, in 
 all 5.00 
 
 Total cost for one mile ^IC.OO 
 
 The amount of payment received from the Council for one mile at 
 8 cents per cubic yard would be $70. 10. 
 
 - The amount received at 14 cents per cubic yard would be $123.20. 
 
14 
 
 The Lowe Farm has done several milea of ditching within the last 
 two yeaPH, at prices ranging from cents to 14i cents per cubic yard. 
 
 The above-mentioned machines, with <vhich this work is done, and 
 which have in practice been found in the highest degree roniunerative, 
 without any let or drawback in the working, are the InventionB of and 
 made i)y William Stephenson. 
 
 Very good profits could be made by doing work with thene machines at 
 4 cents per cubic yard, a price wliich would defy all competition in the 
 absence of similarly elFective machinery. From 12 to 14 cents ayardare 
 the ordinary price by the ordinary methods of ditching. 
 
 There is also on the Farm another powerful ditching and grading 
 machine, known as the " New PJrie Grader," capal»le of taking out 1,200 
 or 1,500 cubic yards of earth per day. This might be used with great 
 efficiency for ordinary road work and ditching. 
 
 Parts of tlie above-mentioned machinery can be so adjusted as to do 
 the whole, or the greater part of the work required for llie excavations 
 necessary for laying water pipes any distance from the Eed River west- 
 ward. No calculations have yet been made as to the savings in expense 
 by the use of such machinary over the ordinary contract prices, but it is 
 believed that they will be found to be relatively as great as any ordinary 
 ditching. 
 
 MEMORANDUM— ESTIMATE OF REQUIREMENTS. 
 Watek U.shd Per Day. 
 
 Ordinary farms with, say from five to ten animals, average 100 gallons 
 per day. 
 
 One mile of road, for two sections deep, 800 gallons per day ; or for both 
 Bides of the road, two sections deep on each side, l,tjOO gallons. 
 
 For ten miles of road, two sections deep, 10,000 gallons, or, say 20,000, 
 gallons daily. 
 
 Acres and Water SuPi'i.y. 
 
 One farm of one quart(;r section, 100 acres; or, four farms, being one 
 section, 6*10 acres. 
 
 Two sections deep, one mile of road, 1,280 acres ; or, on both sides of 
 the road, 2,.560 acres. 
 
 For ten miles, 2"), (500 acres. 
 
 The cost of water works, five-inch pipe, including all connections, 
 ^00,000, would add in round numbers §2.o4 to capital value of land per 
 acre, that is for the purchase proposed as far as the Lowe Farm ; but 
 including the 16} sections of the Farm, the added capital value would only 
 be $1.66 per acre. 
 
 Capacity of pipe, increase in square of diameter, ^ inch 9, and 5 inch 25. 
 
 Dr. Selwyn, the Director of the Geologicd Survey, says a three-inch 
 pipe at the end of ten miles wouid give about 10,600 gallons in 21 hours, by 
 gravitation from a tank 25 or ;{0 feet high ; or, according to this, a five-inch 
 pipe would give 120,000 gallons in 21 hours. 
 
 L I 
 
1') 
 
 Mr. Ruttaii, C.E., says a two-inch pipe would give at the end of ten 
 miles 17,200 gallons in 24 hours, and a three-inch pipe .'K),C0O gallons in 24 
 hours at ten miles ; or, by delivering a supply uniformly along the main 
 47,300 gallons in 24 hours. 
 
 If this calculation is correct a two-inch pipe would give more than 
 twice the probable supply of water for the use required on the supposition 
 that each farmer on a quarter section, for a width of four miles of road, 
 ten miles in length, would require 100 gallons per day. 
 
 A five-inch pipe, increasing the delivery in the square of the diameter, 
 would give a greater supply of water. The delivery would be more than 
 six times greater. 
 
 A five-inch pipe would probably be ample for carrying the works to 
 Myrtle, that is ten miles further west than the Lowe Farm, But in view 
 of the not fully settled question of friction, in ten miles of pipe and con- 
 nections, it might be more prudent to use a six-inch pipe. 
 
 Estimate of Values of Lands Affected by the Proposed 
 
 Watek Supply. 
 
 The 2.5,()00 acres— that is, the ten miles between Morris and the Lowe 
 Farm, — which can now be purchased at very moderate price, by the addi- 
 tion of the water works, would be immediately converted t( minimum 
 value of $20 per acre, and would represent a value of $.512,000. 
 
 The same calculations hold good for going as far as Myrtle {the limit of 
 the breadth of country in which water cannot be got by wells), ten miles 
 beyond the Lowe Farm ; and a five or six-inch pipe at the Lowe Farm, 
 with an excavated reservoir at that point, would control the price of land 
 from the Lowe Farm to Myrtle in the same way as that below it, to Morris. 
 The belt of land which would be thus supplied is of exceptional natural 
 richness, — which cannot be anywhere exceeded. 
 
 [The Sketch Map at page 7 shows the position of the Lowe Farm, in 
 relation to the Syndicate project.]