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Las cartea. planches, tableaux, etc., pauvent dtre fflmAa A dee taux de reduction diff«rents. Lorsqua le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un saul clichA, il eat film* it partir de I'angie sup4rieur gauche, de gauche d droite. et de haut en baa, wn prenant le nombre d'Imagea n^caaaaira. Lea diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thoda. 1 2 3 4 5 6 -" I L HISTORY MICHIGAN ■''HUM ITN SKTTI.KMKNT i:V THK FKKNCir TO THK OF TM (!0Eeil-8T0IE "K TIIK NI':W CAl'ITO,,. OCT .MKR .„, .S;, l''> Wimil ,H .M>I>KI) A list u.- „.e P.-.ncipal onicePs of .Me Unuoa Slates -he S, . Ornoe.. ana St.,e Boa... .. Mie..«a.. an.urMe: '"^ '>er.3 or iho Lenielaiures of ,87. and ISTa- nNo - l.^t or Newspapers „,ul PeriodicnL Pi'bUehed in Uxo. State. CO.MlMl.r.l) ]iv 1873- I I ^1- H: Compiled under a resolution of the Committeo of Arrangemonta ; the original copy, enrolled upon parcliment, was deiiosited in tUo Corner -Stone. •y FBEFAOE tm'"'' l"-«l»'™ti«» of .. history, e,nbracin„ the m- '""'' '■"'P'"'*'"'* -^^n'^, ehanges in govern- ^ met, etc., from tlm first settlement of Michi- gau to the present time, is an .mdertaking involving, no small amount of labor and patient research" Among the various histories of the State, published from time to time, few are accurate and reliable- many conflicting statements are fonnd in regard to' ■mportant events. The compiler of this history has ^a.-efnlly examine,! all the best authorities now to he found; and especially i„ fte preparation of sta- tat,cs, has relied only upon official information Much that is valuable l,as been gleaned fron. Bancroft's History of the United States, Shel- ■Ion s Eariy History of Michigan, the Discourses of Lewis Cass and others before the Michigan H.sto„cal Society, Lanman's History „f Mich, gan, McMuUen', History of Canada," Miles' Hi, tory of Canada, and Bouchette's British Dominions I If I 58 PREFACE. 4 The account of the noble record of Michigan (luring the rehellion from IHOl to 1865, in condensed from the very able re})ort of Brigadier General John Robertson, Adjutant General of the State. The statements of population are from the official records of the Secretary of State and the United States Census Bureau, and other statistics are obtained from the reports of State officers. The compiler makes no claim to originality in the history here produced ; his only aim has been to condense from the writings of others, a concise statement, showing the early condition and rapid advancement to the glorious position now occupied by the Peninsula State. ttlSTOfiy Of MICttJGAN. flOIIiaAN derives its „„„,<> f„„, „„ i„j,„,, ^^,^^^^ ^^ Gn.„t Lake," or ..Lake Oo„„tr,," a „ame pecu- Lariy a,„™,„ia,, f„,„ ,^^ j,„^,,._^__ .^ ^_^^ avmg Lake Suporior f„,. it, „„,,he„, t„„„,„,,. Z^,^; hno St. (!lair, and Huron on the east, and Lake Michigan onthewost. The extent of its domain is =„,,« ,„„„ Previons to tl,e jea,. 10«, the territory now embraced w..hn, the ,™,ts of the State, .as inhabited on,y by the red .-Mhoash Detroit, as far back as the , ear ,C.O, then an ndian v,l ago, was the resort of the French missionaries. I„ «33, a plan for the establishment of missions in "New ranee was formed, bnt as the French, in co„se„„ence of ,t. Of the Mohawks, were „c,nded from Ihenavi. »at,on f le waters of Lakes Ontario and Erie, their onlv e„„e to the West was the Ottawa River, through which in thoyear 1041, the flrst bark canoe laden with Pr!,ch J™ i w. paddied to the Fa„s of S, Mar,, which the, re.: ' ter a „av,gat,on of seventeen da„. Charles Rajmban.t, the m,ss,o„ar, to the tribes of Michigan, returned in the jear 16«, to Quebec, in consequence of declining health. ■ «0 IILSTORY Ob' MIC'JIIGAN. Thus, at this early period, the French advanced their mis- sionary posts beyond the shores of Lake Huron, and to tho outlet of Lake Superior. The first gottlemont commenced by Europeans within the boundaries of Michigan, was the mission of St. Mary, which was established in the year 1G(J8, by Allouez, Claude Dablon, and James Marquette. In May, 1G71, a Congress of French soldiers, and chiefs from fourteen of the Indian tribes of the Northwest, was convened at the Falls of St. Mary, called by Nicholas Perrott, an agent of the French government, at which time and place a cross and a cedar post, bearing upon a shield the French lilies, was raised, — the lands formally taken posse,';sioti of by M. de Lusson, and the savages were informed that they were under the protection of the French King. The death of Marquette, on the 18th day of May, 1675, is thus recorded by Bancroft: "In sailing from Chicago to Mackinac, he cntei'ed a little river in Michigan; erecting an altar, he said mass, after the rites of tho Catholic church ; then begging the men who conducted his canoe to leave him alone for half an hour, — ' In the darkling wood, Amid the cnol and silence, he knelt down And offered to the Mightiest, solemn tlianks And supplications.' At the end of half an hour they went to seek him and ho was no more. The good missionary, discoverer of a world, had fallen asleep on the margin of a stream that bears his name. Near the mouth, the voyagers dug his grave in the sand." Michilimackinack (now Avritten Mackinac, or Mackinaw), msTonv OF MwmaAK 61 ».«„„„ of IH„ oldest fortscToCo.,. n,ro„,..,„ti„„„,,.„ f U..ro„, ,„ „„ko „ .eU,o,„o„t „. t,,,^ „,„„, „, „ „, „ J "" "7" '"'"'° "' "*»"• •» 'he Fa.„c,. „.u » „,„. aire D iro, „.„. regarded alike b, ,„e Fre„eh „„d E„g|ii, „, ,. for . s c,,„,s,l,„„. A grand e„„„eil ,,,,3 oalled, whid, oon- ve.ed at Mcereal, „„d wa, oon,p„aed of el,ief« of »„„ ,,.,,ou, ..-.be. rr„„ ho ,S.. r..re„ce to t„e Mi.i3.ppi, tbc Ooverno : S-ral of Canada. a„d the n,„3tpr„,„i„„,e.„,^„,„„°, co„„tr,. T„i3 o„„„ei, U described ,y Preneh Ltoria,, a, te n,„3t „,„„o„„3 „„„ i,„p„„„^ „^^^^^, ^^^^ > a.o„„d o,,e co„„eiI Are. I„ .he month of Jnne, 170,. Mo.,3 XIV left Montreal ■„ company with a h„„dred men and a ^^sbmcat of a colon,, „„d reached netroit in the month of ''Here, then, commences the history of Detroit, and with it .1. history of the Peninsnla of Michigan. „„w „nn,ero„s ...'U.>er3,„ec, are the incidents co.oprcssed within the pe M se ," 0';'""; .'■" '''" '•" "■" ^'""''' *«™ »'-nts snch ftce.ng, a, the, ocenrred, its progress and prosperity. Five ..os^ts ag has changed, three di.erent sovereigntl ha e d«.m«l ,t3 allegnmce, and since it has been held b. the tl-ted States, iu government has bee,, thrice transfilu V m msroRV OF MwniQAN. twico it bus bceii besieged by tbo liuliaii!?. once captured in wur, and once bnrned to tbc f>;rouud."* On t!)e l.'Uh of September, 17r)l), a buttle occurred between tbo Krenob under (Jen. Mo itcivlm and tbo Britisb army under Oen. Wolfe, on tbo bunks of tbe St. liuwrence, result- ing in the defeat of tbo former, and tbe (;upitubition of Quebec on tbe IHtb, to (fen. Murruy, wbo was successor in command to (ion. Wolfe, wbo fell in tbo engiigement ; and on the 8tb of September, 17<;0, the Froncb surrendered to the crown of England, Detroit, Micbilimaci a project Avas commenced for working the copper mines of Lake Superior, and a company was formed for that purpose, under a charter granted in England. Tbe struggle for independence under the American Revolu- tion was enacted without the bounds of Michigan. The peo- ple of Canada, within which Michigan was then included, were removed from the immediate causes of the war. The result of tbo Revolution was tbe recognition of our inde- pendence. "By the 'treaty of iieace" made at Versailles in 1783, between Great Britain and the United States, it was claimed that Michigan was within American bounds, but minor ques- tions sprung up between the two governments, producing mutual dissatisfaction ; and when President Washington sent ♦Cans' d.iscourao. msTOU) ot' MWmUAN. A8 le captured in the shore of lev of 11,0 N„rll,wo.lor„ foKa, he was i„f„,.„,„.| , .,,.,. j,,.„,^^ iok ll.lm,„a,,,l (l,„t the. surrondor of ,h„ r„,e, „,„,, „„, ^ n? «.. ordinance of the ,o„g,o« .„. ,„o ,-„Hed .s,„™ irndod Stale, Iv,,,^ „„rth,vert of ,he Ohio river, H,c„ri, »lil| occupied hv, ho Bri,i,,,™ „,,,,„;,,, „,,^.,^.^_.^^^.^^^ rerntorv, of „l,icl, „„,. Arthur «. Clair ,v„, „pp„,.„,„, (iovcrnor. ' ' The ordinance of ,;k: provide., that there .hall be appomte,., fro„ ,in,e to thne. by Congro,., a (Jovcrnor, „ becrelary, and three Judge,, who .hould be resident, and free- '""'"•' "" "'° '"-"'"O- It further provide, that the orrrtory ,l,ould he divided into not le„ thau three, nor more. ll.an Ave State... and that " there .hall bo neither slavery nor voluntary .servitude in the ,aid territory. „tl,erwi,e than in the punisliment of crimes." In pursuance of the treaty of .November J.Jth, 1504. Oan. la". Porter, in the beginning of ,T„„e, !„„,,,,„, „ j„ J. men of American troops, took possession of Detroit, entered he tort which the Uritisl, had previously evacuated, and m.ng to the breeze the first American fiag that ever tloated over the sod of the Peninsula State. Bj «n act of Congress, approved .May ;th, mu, the terri- .. tho koy to that portion of ,„; _«r.u,hp..„vi„co,), if consistent with tho safol, of his postl Ihe sa„.,son ,vas ,voak, and soon.cl an easy con,,„e„. Hav- ing arranyecl for the expedition, «o„. II„„ e,ossecl the Detroit .™.„„thetMhda,ofJ„,,„,,ae„ea„,peaat.„„a„,eh. »he the army „.„,a:ne.l in a .tate of inaolivitv for nearly a .» 1.. when, intimidated „y the hostile tnanifestations „r ll.e lnd,ans,and the report that a large lirilish ,-„r™ ,v„„,d - .-nve at .lauien, „,,hont having n,ade an attael. h ■oerosse ther,vertoDetroit,„n.h=Oth„fAngnst,,vherhe ™.a,ned„„,;,thet.,ti,thedayofhising.orio„ss„rrend!r Aprov,s,enal government was established hy tho British, a,' lo™.,andasn,anforceplaeedin,l,o,.W,. On tho 1 epte,„eM.,. he Victory Of c„,„n.„d„ret.err, cnt .jth ot tlio same month Detroit w.. ■-!.. hyadetaehn,ent„ftl,ear„,y„f,,,„.„„„,„„;-^ ""Ootoher „th, ,8,3, Ooh Uwi, Cass, who had rendered t'ssentiul service to tho T.,.,.;f ^<-naeiea .uicnigan. Congress, u ihn vo-n- i«o'j i for tl.P n.f ir , ^ ' ^^' "" ''^^ providing '<>• the establislimont of a Lerri,i.,fi,.p r-n, •. • .'i '^>rtisiati\o ( ouncil, invested the 66 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. im Territory with a more euergetic and compact government. The Council Avas to consist of nine members, to be appointed by the President of the United States, with the consent of the Senate, from eighteen candidates elected by the people of the Territory. They, with the Governor, Avere invested with the same powers which had been granted by the ordinance of 1787 to the government of the Northwest Territor}-. By that act the legislative power of the Uovernor and Jndges was taken away, the term of Judicial office Avas limited to four years, and eligibility to office required the same qualifications as the right of suffrage. The first Legislative Council of Michigan convened on the 7th of June, 1824, at Detroit. In 1831, Gen. Cass having been appointed Secretary of War, he was succeeded by George B. Porter in the government of the Territory. During his administration, Wisconsin, which had before been annexed to Michigan, was erected into a separate Territory. On the 6th of July, 183*, Governor Porter died, and was succeeded by Stevens T. Mason. In the spring of 1835, a controversy arose in regard to the boundary line between Michigan and Ohio, and the right to a valuable strip of land, to which both laid claim ; the former under the provisions of the Ordinance of 1787, and the latter under a provision in their State (institution. Each party sent a military force to the frontier, — the one to sustai. , and the other to extend jurisdiction over the territory in dispute. A high state of excited public feeling existed, but the most serious inconvenience suffered by either party was the appre- hension and temporary imprisonment of a few persons. By an act of Congress, passed June 15th, 1836, the Constitution msTour OF MicmoAN. 67 ied, and was and State Government of Michigan were accepted, and „„o„ oo„d,t„n of accepting the boundary claimed by Ohio, she wa, admitted into flic Union The™. ".snewas ""■ ^"™ '"™s «ere exceedingly ..nsaWaetory to the people of Michigan, .ho wore im" t.e„ ., a„.t,„g recognition as a State government, having elected the„. State oMcers in the month of October of the pre voasjear. A convention held at Ann Arbor on the 14th and I.th of December, 1830, resolved to accept the condi o! -posed ,„ the proposition „, Congress, at the same tin protestmg aga.nst the right of Congress, nnder the oonstitn- t.on. ,„re,„,re this preliminaryassent asa condition of admis- sion into the Union. B, act of Congress, approved January iicih, 1837, Michigan was eclared.. to be one or the United State, an:, admitt ■nto he un,en on an equal footing with the original States, in all respects whatever." •""Wtes, By an act of the Legislatu... approved March ICth. 1847 the seat of ffoverrmpnf ,.r„„ , ' '«. Lansing. " ""'°™' ''"^ ^'^'"'^ '« !■!>» Constitution adopted by Michigan in 183o, and under »h i, her e.,stence as a State commenced, continued in force """' ■""'""> «'■»'- W51, at which time the Constitution reported by .he Convention of 1850, and ratified .7t 1*. at the general election in that year, went into * and -r^nnes to the present time, as the Constitution Of ::! Apnl ^Ith provKled for the appointment by the Governor of .Ce,nm,ss,o„ to consist of two persons from each Conge -onal D,str,ct ,u the State, in „„, eighteen members, fof the •68 HISTORY OF MICUIOAN. m «■' purpose of revising the Constitution, and reporting to the Legislature, at its next session, "such amendments, or such revision to the Constitution, as in their judgment may be necessary for the best interests of the State and the people." The Governor appointed the following named persons to constitute the Commission : 1st District — Ashley Pond, . . ■> Elijah W. Meddaugh, 2d District— Edwik Willits, Sullivan M. Cutcheon, 3d District — Charles Upsox, Isaac M. Crane, 4th District— IIezekiah G. Wells, Henry H. Kiley, .■)th District— Solomon L. Withey, . Lyman G. Mason,* . fith District — Ira D. Crouse, Lysander Woodward, i'th District— John Divine, Edwin W. Giddings, Sth District— David H. Jerome, HeRSOHEL H. IlATf'H, 0th District — Seth C. Moffatt, James E. Devereaux, . Detroit. Detroit. . Monroe. . Ypsilanti. Coldwater. Eaton Eapids. Kalamazoo. . Constantiue. Grand llapids. Muskegon. . Ilartland. Rochester. . Lexington. . Eomeo. Saginaw. Bay City. . Xorthport. Marquette. The Commission convened in the Senate Chamber at the city of Lansing, on Wednesday, August 27th, and organized by the election of Sullivan M. Cutcheon Chairman, and Henry S. Clubb Secretary. At the time of closing this his- tory, it is still in session. J] * Rosisiied. anrt „ „™ .,eei,,<, i„ M.ch- ^,a„ that cm. „„ had ^eou i.a„g„™W. b, ,he .be, the fCowmg day a ™eoH„g „,s I,o,d i„ Dot,.it, ae „.„ic ..so ut,„ „,,„ ,,„^„„,^ ^^^,,_^.^^.^^ ^^_^ Beb ni„; pledging this commnnify to "stand br the C. las . By tl>o foIlow„,g Monday (April l,,u„, ^,„„ ,„^ su,-re„de.. of the So„th Carolina fortress was know thi g out the land, and the eall of the' President „f ,. T -OS for «,„„„ .,„,„, ,, beern:;:!::: .Sialo™ ahve to the enrergencies and dnties of the o :'"" '"' "'■™'"« °f '■" m* was n„i™.sa,. P„h,ie e ' ".«3 were held in the principal eities and to.ns; pwrof ass,s.anoetothe nation in its honr of peri, wer Ldf nd >olnnteenng commeneed vigoronsly. On April 10th, Governor Iflair arrived nt n , •. snlled With a n„,nbor of eiti.en. Til, IT ""' ™"- "Pon .0 rnrnish in,„ediate,y ;; ' c:: : ""™° ^*^ one Infantry Heginrent, f„„y armed cLtW T""'"'' 0.n.ingthesa„.edayaproe,:„ati„n;t Itrr" ™«. ea„ing for ten companies of vo.nntoers. o' ^^Zl ti.c Governor issned a l>roclamati„„, oonvenin, (/! ture in extra session on May 7t,, ^ ^'«'"''- 0- .. ^eivojs::::- 1~-- 70 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. various companies ordered to assemble tiiere immediately. The "Coldwater Battery" was authorized, and rapidly recruited. On the 2d of May the companies of the First Reg- iment were mustered into service, and three other regiments had been formed. The Legislature convened on the 7th, and within fonr days authorized a war loan of one million dollars, and empowered the Governor to raise ten regiments. On May 13th, the First Eegiment left for the seat of war, fully armed and equipped; the organization of regiments, authorized by the J legislature, Avas rapidly pushed forward, and the requisitions for men promptly met. In January, 1862, the Legislature was again convened in extra session, and the following Joint Kesolutiou was adopted: "Wherkas, The Government of the United States is engaged in putting down a causeless and wicked rebellion against its authority and sovereignty, inaugurated by ambi- tious men to obtain political power, — a Government, the safety and perpetuity of which must ever rest upon the loyalty of its citizens, and an adherence to the Constitution ; "And Whereas, The welfare of mankind, and the useful- ness and power of the nation, are involved in the events and issues of the present conflict; therefore, be it " Resolved, That Michigan, loyal to herself and to the Fed- eral Government, re-affirms her undying hostility to traitors, her abiding love for freedom, and her confidence in the wisdom and patriotism of the National Administration. "Resolved, That the people of Michigan deem it the impera- tive duty of the Government to speedily put down all insur- rection against its authority and sovereignty, by the use of every Constitutional means, and by the employment of every inSTOItY OF MIGUIOA^, 71 energy it possease.; that Michigan stands tirm in her c^eter mination to sustain, by n,en and treasure, the Constitution and the Union, and claims that the burden of loyal men should be lightened as far as possible, by confiscating, to the largest extent, the property of all insurrectionists; and that as between the institution of slavery and the maintenance of the Federal Government, Michigan does not hesitate to say that m such emergency, slavery should bo swept from the land, and our country maintained."' How truly the sentiment of the people of Michigan was set forth by their representatives in the State Legislature, the future success in furnishing men and money for the defense of the nation's honor, will abundantly testify. From April, 18G1, to April, 1805, the entire period of the war, the number of men enlisted and drafted, exclusive of men who enlisted in regiments of other States, as shown bv records of the Quartermaster General, was . 93 ^gi Deducting from this aggregate the number of men ^ ' commuting . . ^ 1,982 Shows the number actually furnished and credited to tne otate . 90 747 When it is remembered that the entire population of Mich- igan in 18G4 was 803,745, and that 90,747 able-bodied men took up arms in defense of the Union, the State may well be proud of the record. Ko other State in the Union has given to the defense of the nation a more patriotic, intelligent, and moral body of men than those who composed the Michigan regiments; not taken from the worthless and idle of lar^e cUies. but mostly from the good and industrious vocations of life. 73 UI8T0RY OB' MWHIQAN. The puyments during the war bj the Quartcrmastor-Uen- eral, for bounties, premiums for recruits, and other war pur- poses, amount to $2,784,408.00 ; the payments by counties, cities, and townships for same purposes, amount to $10,173,- ;j3G.79 ; the payments by counties for relief of soldiers' fami- lies amount to l3,591,24S.l;i; making an tigfjregate of $10,- 548,99:.'.91, besides liberal appropriations by the State for the relief of disabled and destitute soldier;;. CASUALTIES OF THE WAI{. The State of Michigan, gratefully realizing and duly appre- ciating the noble sacrifice of life made by so many of her gal- lant sons upon the altar of their country's liberty, who fell while bravely contending for our national life, and honoring the State; desiring to perpetuate their memory by inscribing their names upon a roll of imperishable honor, to pass into the future ay a bright and lasting record of their patriotism and true devotion to American nationality and freedom, worthy the highest and purest; veneration of their fellow- countrymen for all coming time ; through her Legislature, by a Joint Resolution, approved April 3d, 1869, caused che com- pilation upon parchment, under the direction of Gen. John Robertson. Adjutant General, of a "Roll of Honor" of Mich- igan soldiers who fell in battle, or who died of wounds or of disease. This roll is deposited in the State Library, and con- tains the names of 357 commissioned officers, and 14,460 enlisted men,— a total of 14,823 men,— who fell in defense of their nation's honor, from the year 1861 to 1865. innToRr Of MwimiAs. 73 INSTITUTIONS OF THE STATE. EDUCATIONAL. ""fT™"!"' of the Te,.,.ito..y of ,„„ U„iw states, Lt„. ■OS. of h„ „vo.. o,„„.- a3o,„ea t,.t ..,.„•,,„„, „„„,;,,_ „ l-uowMjo, l.c,„s „ocess.„.y to joo., gover„„o,U „„d tl, ,a p.»os, of „,a„K.i„u, schools a,„, t,„ „,„,„ „, ,„„„.^.„^ ; lorevcr bo ciiconrosocl.- 1'ra.y.uiY .SCHOOLS By tl.c t.™,s of ,.„ „,,,i„,„„„ „f ^ -egaM oti,o C,pos,„ of ,„,k,s i„ t„o woston tonuto ' •as P-ovdo. ,„„t section „„„,te,.ed si.teen of eve., Z; »inp s,.o,„d bo .sened fo,- tbe ,„„i„,e„a„«. „f ,^ Z. Within such townsliip. -i-noojb TheU.gi,slativoCo,„u.il of tbe Terrilo,,. i„ jg,. „„,,,^, ---... .«,«.. .3. dec. j'::r:: «T1.0 Legislat„..c shall enco,,,:,,., by all suitable n,ea„.. ao „■.„„,„„„„ of ,-,„e„eot„aI, scientiiical. a„d ag.io.dt, ,' -l.rove„,e„t. The p,.„ceeds of all laads that ha e te " "■oaf.e..™ybo granted by the United .States to thi tato «r the support of sobools, which shall hereafter be oM ! <'..po-'edo,shallbea„dre™ai„aperpet„alf„„d,t :l 74 niSTOHY OF MWUIOAK. of which, together with the rents of all such unsold lands shall he inviolahly appropriated to tho support of schools throughout the State."' The Bamo general provisions are retained in the present (-onstitution, adopted in 1850. The whole amount of primary school lands derived from the reserve of the sixteenth section, and sold hy the State, to the close of the fiscal year, 1872, as shown hy the records of the State Land Office, is 019,804 5G-100 acres, leaving 401,751 22-100 acres unsold, Avith about 50,000 acres yet to he selected and placed at the disposition of the State Land Office, on account of sales Avhich had been made from sections numbered sixteen, previous to the enactment by Congress of the ordi- nance dedicating these lands to the primary school fund. During the past ten years the amount c!" primary school interest, apportioned to the several counties in the month of May in each year, has ranged from forty-five to fifty cents for each child between the ages of five and twenty years. In 1864 the nnmber of children Avas 272,007, and the amount apportioned at fifty cents for each child $130,362.00. In 1873 the number of children was 400,002, and the amount appor- tioned was $190,176.80, being fort^'-nine cents for each child between the ages of five and twenty years. THE UNIVERSITY. In the year 1817, v/hen tho administration of the territorial government was vested in a Governor and Judges, an act was adopted, providing for the establishment of the University of Michigan. The first State Legislation in this direction was an act of the Legislature, approved March 18, 1837, entitled "An act mSTOJiy ojr A//c'jff(f^y 75 1 the present 10 pmvide far the. orga„i..tio„ „„d g„v>.™„,e„t „,• ,^^ . „„. verity of Michigan..- The objocl,, „, «, ,„lh iu ti,e act to" .» "to p,-ovidc the inhabitant, of the .Stale „,th the means' of acqumng a thoronjh k„„„,„„„ „f „„ ,„;„„, ,^^__^,^^^ hleraturo, sccncc and the art,.- The act provides for the government of the in.titntion, „„„ f„r „, .in,,,,, ,,, „,J (U'partineiits, as follows, viz : f'\ The department of literature, scionco, and the arts • 'Second, The department of law ; r/iird, The department of medicine. By an act approved March ^o, is37. the University was located m the village of Ann Arbor On September .0th. ,842, the collegiate department was rst opened, and a preparatory school was also opened I ho recepfou of such as might wish to qualify t Lmsel to enter the University. '^mseuos The Board of llewents in fi^:- . . Jit^cnts ill their report in Januarv is^"- announced the adoption of measures for the organizaiion of li Mediea Department, by constituting three professorship one each ,A„,,,„,^., ,,^^^^.^.^ ^^^^,^^^^ ^^^^^ . Me ,ca Llunsprudence. At this time the number c"st,ule„t m the department of literature was 38. The number of students in the University at the close of the year 1872, is as follows : ""^ Department of Literature, Science, and the Arts IJepartment of Medicine and Surgery, . ' ' Department of Law. ..*'*' 476 337 331 Deduct forstudent counted in two departments Total number of students 1164 1 1163 lit s 76 UIHTORY OF MWmOAN. Connected with fcho University are a central bnilding, 347 feet in lenp;tl), for the dopiirtinent of arts and sciences; build- ings for the dopartnients of hiw and medicine, a chemical laboratory, and an astronomical observatory; besides buildings for residences for the president and professors, the cost of all of which Avas about *r>;j(., 000.00. The grounds occupied by the University are Wi, acres in extent. The officers of the University, on the first of January, 1873, were as follows : James lirKUiLi, Anoell, LL. 1)., nOAUl) or UKGENTS. Hon. EuwAUl) C. Walkkk, . . . lion. (iKOUOE WlLLARD, . lion. Tjiojias I). Oilbeut, . lion. lIiKA.u A. lUitT. . . . lion. Joseph Estabhook, Hon. JoxAS II. M('(}o\VAN, Jlon. CLADIfS B. {.iKAXT, Hon. CiiAULEs Ry.M). . Presidenl. . Detroit. Battle Creek. (Irand Rapids. . Marquette. Ypsilanti. . Cold water. Ann Arbor. Adrian. Henry D. Bennett, Esq., . . Secretary and Steward. Hon. J. M. WiiEELEH, Treasurer. Hon. Daniel B. Brigos, M. A., Supt. of Public Instruction. THE NORMAL SCiiCor,. The State Jsormal School is located at Vpsilanti, Avas established by an act of the Legislature approved March 28th, 1849, and erected in 1851-2. iitsTonY OF MwmuAy. 77 suiuents in nttondiuico in the Normal .lopartmont. in the ymv 1872, was «m follows • .Vtalt', ... Female. . 1«" nr, Total, ... — I ho grou„dac.„„occoa witi, the i,„titutio„ m-e Ave acre, M. «.e„t^ Th„ .,„i,ai„g, t«„ i„ ,„„b,, „„,, ^1,,^ sand dollars. -^ TI,o Scl,„„n, ,„„lor .1,0 „uu,„.„,„o„t ,.„j ji„,,i„„ „f ,^„ ■Stoto Dcu-d „f Ed„eati„„. fcv. Jo,.,.,, Ksr.u„,„„K, M. A rrincipal. "' AORICULTirRAL COfJ.EQE. The Vgricultnrul Collie is located about throe miles east from to c:t, of Lansing, in the township of Meridian ; was es^bhsh.1 by an act of the Legislature, approved February Uth, 0. a.nl was opened for the reception of students in "bout G.f4 acres, and embracing every variety of soil. Th! nnm er of students in attendance on January 1st, .187.3, was a« follows: Male, I07; female, 4 ; total, 131. The value of the property, as ascertained by an inventory on the 1st of December, 1875, is as follows : Farm, G7(J)r acres, . iJuildings, Q, 1 „ . 110,500 00 Stock, farm unplements, furniture, library, etc., . 28,170 4.. Total valuation, ...... ~-— The college is under the supervision of the State Board of ^finculture, which is composed of the following persons • 78 jiTSTORY OF MicmaAA: Hon. llEZEKiAn (1. Wells, Presidcnh . . Kalamazoo. lion. Oramel IIosfori), Olivet. Hon. J. Wehstek Guilds, Ypsilanti. Hon. (J EORGE W. Phillips, . . . . . Eoineo. Franklin Wells, Esq., Constantine. A. S. Dyckman, Esq., ..... South Haven. Hon. John J. Bag ley, (lovcrnor, ex officio. Hon. T. C. Abbot, LL. D., President College, r.r officio. William H. ]\rARSTON, Secrctai-v. STATE PUBLIC SCHOOL. The Legislature, in the session of 1860, passed a Joint Kes- olution providing for the appointment by the Governor, of a Commission, consisting of three persons, to examine into the discipline and general management of the Penal, Reforma- tory, and Charitable Institutions of the State, and to report plans and recommendations for their improvement. In the CAaminationsby the Commission, it was found that there were contained in the poor-houses, a large number of children of paupers and indigent people, whose condition was most deplorable ; and they recommended that some system of State agency should be adopted to receive these children, and pro- vide for their moral and mental improvement, and thereby enable them to fill, in the future, positions of usefulness and "espectability. By an act of the Legislature, approved April 17, 18T1, Commissioners were provided for, to be appointed by the Governor, to locate the "State Public School," and to construct the necessary buildings. The City of Coldwater ■ proposed to the Commissoners, in consideration of the School being located at that cit\-, a donation of a tract containing msrORT OF MICHIGAN. 79 .w™t,-sovx.,, acre, of , and. v„,„oa „t «,000.00, a„d »85,000.00 *"'" ° ««' - ™.'i" tunCiug, e„„.„i„i„g 3.„„„, ,,„„,, „„„;, roccp .on .-oo™. dicing „o„, ,a„„d,v, iitchen, etc. Wde: "7""' :;" 7™^"- «"P-i.-tcnde„e; a,s„, seven .etage. each capable of accommodating thirty clnMrco I„ .JS to the land donated by the Citv of rj . . -^ '""''"y »• toUwater, nine acres have been pn..chased by the State, making in al,, a tract of thirt 7 -'- II- School wil, be ready for the recentio,, of h^ «ie uweji- The building was erected in 1857 The fa™ and grounds connected witi. u,o I„stit„tiou con- tain n.netj.fonr acres of land TT,„ i •«■ oo,Ubo„tW75,000.00. ^'"^ •"""■»«. «-d grounds On the ,st of Jannar,, 18,.,. there «, in the Institution ^ P„p,.3 and 1.30 deaf „„te,, „aK„g „ tota, of I«: The „,anagen,ent of the Institution on the 1st of J„,,, 18.3, «s under the following nan,ed Board of Trustees • H0n.CHAEI,E3G.j0HNS0.V Hon. William L. SMim T ' ' ' ^"'"'''''"'• ™' • ''«'"""■<''■ and Building Com'r. • . • Secretary. Hon. Irving D. Hanscom, The resident officers are: Egbert L. Bangs, a. M., Afrs. S. C. M. Case, . Miss if. J. Adams, . Daniel S. Clark, M. D.. . James B. Gibson, . 11 • Principal. • Matron. Assistant Matron. Physician. Steward. '' II 8)2 HISTORY OP MICHIGAN. ma i;ii||i PENAL AND REFORMATORY INSTITU- TIONS. THE REFORM SCHOOL. Au act of the Legislature, approved February 10th, 1855, provided for the establishment of a '• House of Correction for Juvenile Offenders, at or near Lansing, in the County of Inghftm: Provided, That a suitable piece of land, of not less than twenty acres, shall be donated for that purpose." A tract comprising about thirty acres was donated by the citizens of Lansing, and one hnndred and ninety-five acres adjoining the same were subsequently purchased by the State. The building was first opened for the reception of inmates on September 2, 1856. By an act of the Legislature, approved February 12, 1859, the name of the institution was changed to the Reform School. The number of boys in the School on January 1, 1873, was two hundred and seven. The estimated cost of the buildings is 1150,000.00. The L form School is under the direction of a " Board of Control," consisting of the following named persons : Hon. Geokoe \V. Lee, Detroit. Hon. Eli H. Davis, Lansing. Hon. Daniel L. Grossman, .... Williamston. OFFICERS. Rev. Charles Joiinsojs, .... Superintendent. John N. Foster, .... Assistant Superintendent. HISTOIiY OF MicmoA^: 83 pose." A tract ry 1, 1873, was THE STATE PRISON. The State P.isou was established at Jackson, by an act of tho Legislature, approved March 3 183S Ti / !, prison wall cost the State about o!' . "'''"^^ ^"'^ sand dollars. Aa e,u Jo. T, "' "' ^'^^^ "^-- The whole number of convicts received since ilu ■ of the prison in 1838 is 4 49. .r 1 • °^''""^ ' ''^'^^' •^f ^vJ'ich number o »» follows: ""'""''"' '"'""-'•"'ion, „„ as Year. 1830 . . Population. 1834 . . ' . ' ■ 31,639 1840 . . ' 87,378 1850 , , / ' ' ' ' • ' ^13'367 1854 . 397,054 18C0 . . * • • 5^^9'-374 1864 ..'**"'••• "^^^.lia 1870 . . \ 803,745 1,184,883 86 mSTOUY OF MICIIIOAN. VALUATION OF TAXABLE PROPERTY. il The Constitution of the State (Article XIX., Sec. 13), requires (he Legislature to provide for an equalization by a State Board, in the year 1851, and every fifth year thereafter, of assessments on all taxable property, except that paying specific taxes. Previous to the year 1861, State taxation was upon the basis of equalization by the Boards of Supervisors of the several counties. The valuation as equalized for various years, is as follows, viz: Ykabs. Valuation. 1838 $43,953,495.01 1840 37,833,024.13 1845 28,922,097.59 1850 29,384,270.66 1851 30,976,270.18 1853 120,302,474.35 1856 . 137,663,009.00 1861 172,055,808.89 1866 307,965,842.92 1871 630,000,000.00. UISrOHY OP MWmOAK 87 CAPITOL BUILDINGS , is as follows, Prev.„„s to the y™.. nn. when Ccgrc. provMod for tbe 'T °""° ^''"''-^ '-y « J^e,i,a«ve Council, n v e...n„ve „,.ov,.on ™ n,ade o.- .^nired for bniMin, f II^ uccon,mod«t,„n of lie government. I„ the vear I8S3 . .Irst State-house MS erected „f n . •. , *' ;;j-.-~.-::i?.:;;r.:.sc supported by pilasters. "*' The corner-stone of this building was laid by the Grand ZZ^rr °' *°'"=""" '^-"o..- Jand 3^1 , '"" P™"l'"g-on September 38, 1833. lu ,870 ,b Koard of edncalion of the eitv of T).t •. *»tion3 to the building:!;: elf h'l: ™"'°^ '™^ „„u 1 'vjiicn uaa been converted fn 00 purposes removed the corner-stone and opened t 0., the contents of ,vhich were presented to the State dur^a, .'";:" '^*"""-" "' '«"■ -" »- -w re-d epos .tod .n the corner-stone of the new Capitol Leg,slatures, until the removal of the seat of government " :::r" """" - ■" -^ '-^ ^^^'"«'"- »pp.-d c ;; Tie frame building situated upon Moot number 115, city 88 HISTORY OF MIC mo AN. iiii of Lansing, was ordored to be erected by the Legislature of 1847, by an act approved March 16tb, and was first occupied by the Lep;i8lature in 1848. The Legislature of 18G5 ordered an enlargement of the building, by the addition of sixteen feet upon the south end. The cost of this building, cxoln- sive of repairs, is as follows : Under act of J 847, $10,503.51 Paid in 1848, 8,0.38.22 Addition in 18G5, 3,971.30 Total, $23,513.02 In 1853, the Legislature, by an act approved February 14, provided for the erection of "a fire-proof building for the State Offices," upon block number 349, known as Capitol Square, and appropriated 110,000.00 for its construction. The building was erected at a cost of $15,562.00, and soon being found too small for the purpose required, the Legisla- ture of 1863, by an act approved March 14, provided for its enlargement. An addition was consequently made upon the west side, at a cost of $6,482.00, making the cost of the build- ing to that time, $22,044.30. Governor Henry P. Baldwin, in his message to the Legis- ture on January 4, 1871, called the attention of that body to the necessi^j for the erection of a new Capitol. "The present State House was built nearly twenty-five years ago, when the State was comparatively new, with a pop- ulation about one-fourth as large as at the present time, and with about one-twelfth of the present taxable valuation. iK:|c * * * * * * * * * "The present and growing incapacity of the State buildings, the insecurity from fire of the public records and library, — a uisrosr of MwmoAir. 8» c»la,„U3r likely .„ ™„It in i„,.nMe l„.,c,,-„„a i,,, ...fficont y for „cc„p,.ti„„, ...o, i„ „,y j„<,„„„„, „j ,„,^ rc..„„s „|,j. ,„™e.li„eo actio,, ,ho„W te take, to erect » new Mute Uo„,e, wit,, capacity anfflcient for the proper accommo- ■lal,on of the Legialature and all of the Stale .lepartmenla, an,l oon,™ena„,.„te „ith the proaent and proa,«ctive «„t. of the ntate. The reccnmendation of the Governor resulted in the pas,- ^e of an act which ,vaa app,.oved March 31, mi, providing for the ereefon of anew State Capitol and a hnilding for 1.0 temporary „ae of the State offlcea." The act provido, for l.e appo,„tn,ent hy the Governor of three anitable peraon, to : ";"" "' '"" """"'^ »f «""« «"il''i..g Con,n,issi„„e:a,» the Governor to be « a0ao the Chairman of the Board It was n,ade the dnty of the Board to procnre the emotion of a b„,Id,„g for the te,„porary nae of the State omcea, aa the lire-proof building, e,-ected in 1833, occupied the ce„t,-e of the ground designed for the new Capitol, and m„at therefore be removed P„r the Tempo,.„ry Offlcea, the aum of thirty thou- aand dollars was appropriated. A contract for the bniWin, was entered into on the fifth day of June, and in the month o'f November following it was completed and accepted. U waa occupied in the following month, and coat, including heat- ing apparatus, $30,693.94 TIip h„;M;. ».tha v,ew to its adaptation to bnaineaa ^nrpoaeHpor comple ,on of the new Capitol, when it will no longer be requned for the nae of the State. lu response to an advertisement of the Commiaaionera »I.c,t,ng competitive designs for a new CapitoUwenty acts' 00 mSTORV OF mcuiuAN. of (1riiwin