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BOWEN, No. U BUADK STBEET,- CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST, IMPORTER OF Genuine English Chemicals and Drugs, French and English Perfumery, and all gcnuinePatent Medicines of repute. AGENT FOR PIESSE & LUBIN'S PERFUMERIES AND TOILET ARTICLES. PhyBicians' Prescripticus and Family Recipes care- fully compounded from the finest materials. ATTENDANCE AT ALL HOURS. Canada Truss Factory. GROSS & CO. INEVNTORS AND MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KUTDS OF INSTRUMENTS FOR PHYSICAL DEFORMITIES WOBEBBS IN BRASS, STEEL, AND IRON OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 22 St. JOHN STREET, WITHIN, QUEBEC, C.E. ADVERTISEMENTS. JOS. LACHANCB, Dealer in all kinds of Groceries, AND ALSO IN WINE & SPIRIT MERCHANT, ]¥APOLi:0]¥ YTHARF, AND NO. 3 FINLAY MARKET, LOWER TOWN, QUEBEC. lEi Wholesale & Retail Grocers, COMMISSION MEROHAMTS, AND MANUFACTURERS OP SMIJFF, TOBACCO, &C., AC, 9 ST. JOSEPH STREET, & 17 CRAIG STREET, ST. ROCH'S, QUEBEC. I- ADVERTISEMENTS. G. & C. HOSSACK, Grocers, Wine & Spirit Dealers, CORNER OF AWM AI«» CJARDEM STREETS, UPPER TOWN MARKET, e. E. FARE & BROTHER, t 26 Craig Street, QUEBEC. Chemical Yeast, Ground Spices, Ground Coffee, Roasted Coffee, Snuff, &c. Cut Tobacco, Leaf Tobacco, ADVERTISEMENTS. MKIUJrlA^NT TA.ILOR, No. 13, BUADE STREET, Opposite the French Cathedral, Upper Town. Quebec. 1^" All ordore executed in the latest style, and at uuiderate pricoi. < PRIIVCE'8 HAIR-DR£I»S^ER. NO. 10 ST. JOHN STI^EET, QUEBKC. The largest and finest stock of Fancy Goods in one house in Canada. LOOK HERE !— SHAVING MADE EASY. Have you evcr tried the finest and best razor strop in the world ? Tr J those imported by W. & H. BANSLEY — the greatest strop cf ihe age to keep razors in fine order. Try and judge for yourselvts. REMEMBER No. 10 St. JOHN STREET ! THOMAS BICKELL, IMrORTEll OF China, Glass and Earthenware. NO. 33, ST. JOHN STREET, U.T., QUEBEC. ALEXANDER FRAZER, GROCER, CORNER OF ST. NICHOLAS k YALLIER STS. Has always on hand a select assortment of Teas, Sugars, and Liquors of the best quality, at the lowest possible prices for cash, or on approved credit. N.B, — All kinds of Syrups constantly on hand. t. » ADVSRTI8BMENT6. \- ANTOINE RACINE, MARCHAND EP ICIER, VIN, THE, SUCRE, CAFE, etc., etc., EN FACE du MARCIII^: JACQUES CARTIER, Q UEBEC, Ti OPPOSITE THE CHAMPLAIN MARKET, CUL-DE-SAC, (Near the Grand Trunk Depot.) These premises were expressly erected for a HOTEL, and is capable of accommodating One Hundred Boarders. The SLEEPING ROOMS are large, well-ventilated, and are furnished with every convenience. The PARLOR and DINING ROOMS are v-ry commodious, and fitted up in elegant style. The OFFICE and RESTAURANT, on the giound floor, is sup- plied with the choicest Wines, Cigars, &c., that can be procured. Meals can be procured at all hours during the day. 5Ci"A Barber's Shop, conducted in first-class stylo, in connection with the Hotel. jr3-HourB of Meals :— Breakfast from 8 to 10 A.M. ; Dinner from Iialf-past 12 to 3 P.M. ; Supper from half-past 6 to 8 P.M. CAHD.-SAMl,.LArRisE flatters himself that the BIlITrSII AMERICAN HOTEL M-ill be conductod in such a manner as to givo general satisfaction. Its central Ijcatiun is also another advantage, being only a few minutes walk from the Hanks, Custom-house,' the principal places of business, the Steamboat Landing aud Grand Trunk Railway Depot. ' ADVERTISEMENT!?. Incorporated hij Act of Parliament^ 1857. ROYAL MAIL LINE, BETWEEN QUEBEC AND MONTREAL. THE NEW AND SPLENDID STEAMER Capt. 7. B: LABELLE, WILL LEAVE THE NAPOLEON WHARF, FOR m:ois5^tr:ea]i., EVERY Monday, Wednesday and Friday. AND THE Cuptain F. E. COTE, Every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, JLT :FO■u■I^ O'CXiOCk:. ^3^ Calling at BATISCAN, THREE RIVERS and SOREL. ^^ ^ ^ I FARES :— Cabin, $1.50 Steerage, 100 MBAIiS AND BBBTHS KXTKA The arrangements of this Line are most complete, and the advau- tagea presented to travellers unequalled. Further information may he obtained at the Freight 0£3ce on the Napoleon Wharf. QuBBKO, May 11, 1864. J. E. DESCHAMPS, Agent. ADVERTISEMENTS. ii»i«mini., ST. LOUIS HOTEL, NEAR DURHAM TERRACE, UPPER TOWN, AND RUSSELL'S HOTEL, PALACE STREET, QUEBEC. HOURS OF I![EAL8: Breakfast, 7 to 11. Luncheon, 12 to 1. Dinner, 6. Tea, 8 to 9, Dinner in the afternoon for ladies and gentlemen Mrno depart by the steamboats and evening trains. A commodious Billiard Room attached to RusselVs Hotel. m\ \^ OPPOSITE THE COURT HOUSE, ST. LOUIS STREET, ^SJIgliOc R. E. ABBOTT, Proprietor. ADVERTISEMBNTH. THOMAS POSTON, Llxijf WINE AND SPIRIT DEALER, No. 25, BUADK STREET, OPPOSITE JESUIT HARRACKy, UPPER TOWN MARKET PLACE, J- WHITE, DEALER JN COAL OIL, LAMPS k FIXTURES. FRENCH CEMENT, For mending Glass, China, Marbleware, &c., &., COTE D ' A B R A H A M , . QUEBEC. ADVEIITISEMEN'ES. LOUIS BOURGET, No. 10, Corner of La Place and Union Streets, Opposite Finlay Market Place, AND CTIIKU fclTORE CORNER Sr. PETEK ST. AND CIIAMPLAIN MARKET PLACE, XjovLToa." ■X'ox^sT^jLaL, C^xitolooc J. B. MOIilSSETTE, No. 49 PETEll STREET, GROCERIES OF ALL KI18 'S* WHOLESALK AND KETAIl^. B i'l ADVERTISEMENTS. TADOUSAG HOTEL. The above-named Hotel, the property of the TADOUSAG HOTEL AND SIilA BATHING COMPANY, Situate in the beautiful Bay of Tadousac, at the entrance of the Eiver Saguenay, WILL BI .Qi^IilB, f SI Tffl MMBM, On the 15th JUNE next. A STEAMER will ply DAILY between Tadousac and River du Loup, in connection with the Grand Trunk Railway. (1:;J» Through and Return Tickets, from all parts of Canada and the United States and Tadousac, can be obtained at any of the Stations of the Grand Trunk Railvray Company. Qiiebce, May, 1864. ^ i, A >-. THE TOURIST'S QXJIDE. ADVERTISEMENTS. SHEFFIELD HOUSE, 3, Fabrique Street, Quebec. ^ ■ HENRY SMEATON & CO *j Direct Importers from tlie Manufacturers of GOLD AND SILVER WATCHES, CLOCKS, TIMEPIECES, &c. Fishing Tackle, Archery and Cricketing Materials, Cabinet Goods, Toys, St)aps and Perfumery, TABLE AND POCKET CUTLERY, SPOONS, FORKS, &a Wholesale and RetaiL I ♦ X^t£ xii TOURIST'S GUIDE TO QUEBEC. BY GODFREY S. O'BRIEN, P.L.S. ♦ QUEBEC : PRINTED BY HUNTER, ROSE & CO. 18G4. // Entered, according to Act of the Provincial Parliament, in the year one thousand eight hundred nd siity-four, by Godfrey S. O'Brien, F.L.fe., m the office of the registrar of the Prorince of Canada CONTENTS. ir Historical Sketch of Quebec ^^^V Population ^ The Citadel , "f The Esplanade .V..'.' '.'.'.'.',',[,] J 1 Stadacona Club House ..'.*.'.*.* it Church of the Congregation .'.'.'.".*.."! \k Laval Normal School f? National School :J St. John's Gate t^ The Baptist Chapel "*"• iJ St. Patrick's Church '.'.'.'.'".'. !« Catholic Institute .'..*.**.*.*.' 17 Chapel of the Holy Trinity .....*!!!.'....'.. \l Congregational Chapel '. f i Hotel Dieu ll The figure of General Wolfe *.'*.'.'.*.'.'! J 2 Palace Gate '"] ^a Artillery Barracks '.*.!..'.*...*.*.!! o? Market Square *.'.,!.*.* o] Roman Catholic Cathedral !!!!*..'.*.**.'.'.* 1 * "' * 0, Jesuits' Barracks **.*.*.*.*.*.'.*.*!*,.'.* oi Quebec Seminary and Laval UniversVtv*. '. ol t^nglish Cathedral .....*. ol Ursuline Convent '.'...*.'.'.*. ofi Governor's Garden .*..*.'..*.*.'. 90 Monument to Wolfe and Montcalm 00 Place d'Armes ^^ Chateau of St. Louis .' o? Court House ^? The Recollets ^X St. George's Hotel ' ^J General Post Office t^ Bishop's Palace \'.'.'."\'.'.'.'.'.'.'.\\ or Parliament Honse .' *, .*'.*.',' ok Laval University ' f ^ Hope Gate *.!'..*!!*. 07 Wesley an Methodist Church . ' .* ,..,',', * .*,' [ * .* ' .' .' .* ' * * ] .' ] [ * [ * ' 3! ( Vlll CONTENTS. rage. The Jail 38 St. Andrew's Church . , — , 39 The Lecture Hall 41 The Music Hall 41 Theatre burned 42 The Masonic Hall 43 Quebec Literary and Historical Society 43 Morrin College 43 Chalmers' Church 44 St. Louis Gate '. 44 Skating Rink 44 The Glacis 46 ('unada Military Asylum 47 Ladies' Protestant Home 47 St. Bridget's Asylum 47 The Plains of Abraham 47 Wolfe's Monument 48 The Battle of the Plains 48 The Martello Towers 50 The New Jail 50 Chapel and Convent of the Sisters of Charity 51 St. Matthew's Chapel 51 St. John's Church 53 Finlay Asylum 54 Monument " aux Braves " 54 St. Peter's Chapel 55 St. Roch's Church 55 Jacques Oartier Market 55 General and Marine Hospitals 55 Intendant's Palace-ruins 55 Church of Notre Dame des Victoires 55 Custom House 55 The Banks 50 The spot where Montgomery fell 56 Champlain Market Hall 56 The Drives 56 The Falls of Montmorenc y > 56 Indian Lorette 57 Lake St. Charles, Charlcsbourg 57 The Hermitage 57 Cap Rouge 58 Point Levis ^ 59 Ice Bridge 59 Chaudiere Falls 60 St. Anne's Falls 60 Trip to the Saguenay 62 jr 1 1 «. I I 1 c g t I ( f c rn THE TOURIST'S GUIDE IX) QUKBEO. . '^~'\^^^-^\^'\^'-'-\,*^j'-^\. / Quebec, the Dresciit Capital of Canada, is situated inN. lat. 46" 49^ 12'', W. long. 71" 15' 45'', on the left bank of the River St. Lawrence, about 400 miles above the Gulpli, and 180 miles below the City of Montreal. No place in Canada, perhaps in America, is better worth a visit from the tourist, so beautiful and varied is the scenery of the neighborhood, and so rich is the city itself in historic recollections. Excepting Jamestown, Va., Quebec is the oldest European settle- ment on this continent, having been founded in 1608 by Samuel Champlain, a native of France ; Jamestown having been founded by the English in 1607. Con- cerning the origin of the name there have been various surmises, some endeavoring to trace it to the Indian tongues, others maintaining its derivation from the Norman-French. Its site was discovered by Jacques Cartier, the celebrated French navigator, who sailed from St. Male, in Britanny, in May, 1535, with a fleet of three vessels, the ffermma, the Little Hermina B TOURiaT'b GUIDE and the Tlcrmcnllion, I JO, ()0, anil 00 tons respec- tively. After crossing the Atlantic, he proceeded up the St. Lawrence as far as the present City of Mon- treal, then an Indian village called Ilochelaga, having first stopped to visit another of their villages, called Stadacona, which, at the junction of the Rivers St. Charles and St. Lawrence, occupied a portion of the site of the present City of Quebec. On his return from Ilochelaga, Cartier resolved to winter in Canada, and laid his vessels up on the banks of the St. Charles. In the spring, finding his numbers greatly reduced by scurvy, he abandoned the Little Ilermina, and returned to France with his other vessels. During his stay in Canada he met with great kindness from the natives, who freely supplied his wants and attended his men in sickness. These kindnesses they ill repaid by carry- ing oif several of the Indians when they departed for France. Despite its manifest advantages as a place of settlement, no further notice seems to have been taken of Quebec till 1608, in which year, July 3rd, Champlain laid the foundation of the present city, and erected a small fort close to the foot of the pre- sent Mountain street. Under his judicious manage- ment the young colony throve, and in 1620 he laid the foundation of the castle of St. Louis, which for more than 200 years continued the residence of the gover- nors of Canada. The following year saw the birth of the first native Canadian of European descent, the son of Abraham Martin and Margaret Langlois, christened, on the 24th May 1621, Eustache. During this time Champlain had visited France, and, returning to Canada in 1615, brought with him four priests of the RecoUet order, whose convent, erected 1620, was the first building of the kind in Canada. The Recollets were followed, in 1644, by a small body of Jesuits, five in number ; but for some' '?■ •* TO QUEBEC. 8 time the two orders did not agree. Strange to say, the Recollet order was the first to become extinct in the province. After the declaration of war between England and France, in 1628, Charles I. gave to Sir David Kerkt, a French refugee, a commission to conquer Canada. In July of that year, having previously taken Tadousac, Kerkt appeared before Quebec, and de- manded its surrender ; but receiving a spirited refu- sal from Champlain, he did not attack the town, but contented himself with cutting off its supplies. At last, reduced to five ounces of bread per day for each man, and seeing no prospect of aid from Europe, Champlain capitulated. Kerkt then took possession in the name of the British Crown, and installed him- self as governor, July 21)th 1629. At this period, Canada was deemed of but little value, and was readily restored to France by the treaty of St. Ger- main-en-Laye, 1632, and Champlain was once more sent out as Governor. Dying in 1635, deeply lamented by the colonists, his second term of ofiice was of but short duration. Champlain displayed as Gover- nor not only great talents as a ruler, but zeal for the spread of the gospel, and a common saying of his was " the salvation of one soul is of more value than the conquest of an empire." It -was just about this period that many of the religious establishments were founded in Canada, which, as Janet Roy has well remarked, " though they did little for the immediate improve- ment of the colony, yet they formed the foundation on which arose those morals and habits which still characterise the French Canadians, and which demand our admiration." In 1663, the colony was visited by earthquakes of a most fearful nature, which lasted for more than six months. The descriptions by old writers would lead us to think that by these convulsions many of TOURIST'S GUIDE the natural features of the country were changed, new rivers and lakes formed, and old ones obliterated. In Canada, as in till new settlements, the male population increased much more rapidly than the female ; ^and about 1665, a cargo of ladies from old France were sent out on speculation. The collection consisted of " tall, short, fair, brown, fat and lean. It must have answered well, as, in less than a fort- night, all of them had contracted matrimonial alli- ances." In 1672, Louis de Buade, Comto de Frontenac, was sent out as Governor. lie was, perhaps, the most able and energetic man ever entrusted with the management of the colony. Unable to work in har- mony with the other authorities in Canada, he was recalled in 1682, but though several parties were tried as governors, none proved equal to the task, and de Frontenac was again sent out in 1689. During the revolution in England which drove James II. from the throne, the French having espoused the Stuart cause, hostilities began between the colonists of the two nations. In 1690, at an expense of X15,000, a two-fold expedition against Canada, by land and by water, was undertaken by the English colonists. The fleet destined to attack Quebec sailed from Boston under the command of Sir William Phipps, an American by birth, and reached Tadousac before De Frontenac was aware of their approach. On the 16th Oct., the fleet appeared below Quebec, and Phipps, in the names of William and Mary, sum- moned the garrison to surrender. The young officer by whom this summons was conveyed on shore was received by De Frontenac and his full staff* in the cas- tle of St. Louis, and received from the Governor a most spirited refusal, with a declaration that they acknowledged no king of England save James II. The envoy asked for an answer in writing, to which i TO QUEBEC. i De Frontenac replied : "I am going to answer your master by the cannon's mouth ; he shall be taught that this is not the manner in which a person of my rank ouglit to be summoned." No sooner had he returned to rhipps' vessel than the fort opened fire on the fleet. A sharp action followed, in which the flag was shot away from Phipps* ship and fell a prize to the Cana- dians, a party of whom, regardless of the fire from the ships, swam out into the river and rescued it from the stream. It hung for years in the church of the Recollcts, till the building was destroyed by fire dur- ing the great siege in 1760. The English were com- pletely worsted in the action and forced to return, and, to add to their mishap, lost, through ignorance of the channel, eight vessels in descending the river. To celebrate this victory a medal was struck in France. De Frontenac died, November 1698, and his body was interred in the Recollet church at Quebec. The population of the city at this time was about 4,500. In 1709 a plan for the conquest of Canada was again projected in England, but was given up ; and another expedition despatched against it in 1711 met so many disasters on the way that it never reached Quebec. This fleet, under Sir Hoveden Walker, lost in one day, at Seven Islands, eight vessels and eight hundred and eighty-four men. The fortifica- tions of the town had hitherto been but rude, and in 1712 the merchants of Quebec presented the Gover- nor with fifty thousand crowns to aid in strengthening them. The population was now about 7,000. In 1769 was opened the memorable campaign which ended in the surrender of Canada to Britain. The daring and chivalric Marquis de Montcalm being in command of the French troops, and General Wolfe in command of the English. Wolfe first attempted a landing at Montmorenci, where some French troops lay intrenched. Here he suffered so sharp a repulse 6 TOURIST'S GUIDK that ho despatched word to England that he despaired of reducing Quebec that season. Afterwards he made his bold attempt to land just above the town. In this he fully succeeded, landed and scaled the heights on the night of September 12th, and on the morning of the 18th was fought the Battle of the Plains, which decided the fate of Canada and terminated the lives of both Montcalm and Wolfe. On the 18th the city capitulated, and General Murray assumed the command. In the following April, General Levis, who succeeded Montcalm, marched against Quebec, defeated General Murray, the English commandant, close to the city, and laid siege to it ; but succors arriving to the English, his efforts proved abortive. By the Treaty of Paris, 1703, the possession of Canada was confirmed to Britain. The population had by this time increased to over 9,000. By the terms of the treaty, the free exercise of their religion and a continuance of French civil law were guaran- teed to the French colonists. On June 21st, 17G4, the first newspaper was published in Quebec. It was called the " Quebec Gazette," and was printed half in English and half in French, its subscribers at first numbering only 150. This paper is still in existence, and is one of the few really impartial papers in the province. During the war of independence, Quebec was again a point of contest between the contending parties, being attacked by the Federal forces, under Generals Arnold and Montgomery, in 1776. Their design, though bravely carried out, was rashly designed, and resulted in the defeat of the Americans and the death of both Arnold and Montgomery. In 1806 a second journal, the " Quebec Mercury," was started, and it, like the " Gazette," still thrives. From a number of it, published in 1809, we take the following notice of the first steamer seen in Canada. ^ ^ TO QUBBEf'. / 1 In this age of univeiHul .stcain travelling it may provo amusing : "On Saturday morning, at eight o'clock, arrived here from Montreal, being her first trip, the steam- boat Aceonwiodafion, ^vitb ten passengers. She ia the first vessel of the kind that ever appeared in this harbour. * '^ She left Montreal on Wednesday at two o'clock, HO that her passage was sixty-six hours, thirty of which she was at anchor. « * * She has at present berths for twenty passengers, which next year will be considerably augmented. No wind or tide can stop her. She has 75 feet keel and Hi) feet on deck. The price for passage up is nine dollars, and eight down, the vessel supplying provi- sions. The great advantage attending a vessel so constructed is that a passage can bo calculated on to a degree of certainty in point of time which cannot be the case with any vessel propelled by wind only. The steamboat receives her impulsive power from an opeft, double-spoked, perpendicular wheel on each side, without any circular rim. To the end of each double spoke is fixed a square board, which enters the Avater, and, by the rotary motion of the wheel, acts like a paddle. The wheels are put and kept in motion by steam operating within the vessel." Until 1791 Canada was governed as one province, under the name of Quebec, but was then divided into two governments, styled Upper and Lower Canada; which division continued till 1841, when they were again united, and the capital removed from Quebec to Kingston. The sea c of government was subsequently established at Montreal, but being driven from thence by the riots in 1849, the "alternate system" was agreed on by the legislature, and in 1851 the govern- ment returned to Quebec for four years. At the expiration of other four years it again returned to Quebec, where it has remained till the present time. 8 TOUUIST'8 iiVllfk In the months of May and Juno, 1845, Quebec was visited by two most disastrous fires, which consumed over 2,000 houses, and left many thousands of people homeless. Government promptly aiforded aid to the sufferers, and handsome subscriptions were raised for them not only in the province, but in Europe and the United States. In 1848 gas was first introduced into the city, and the water pipes laid in 1853, and this was accompa- nied by a complete system of drainage ; and it is worthy of notice, that since these improvements the per centage of mortality in Quebec is less than in any city of Canada or the United States, while previously it was very high, especially in the summer. The impressions produced on the visitor who ap- proaches Quebec from the westward will differ widely from those felt by the tourist from the east. To the former nothing of the city is visible save the long, straggling line of Champlain street, a small portion of the Lower Town, and some few buildings of the Upper Town — even the noble bluff on which the citadel stands is not seen by him to any advantage ; while to the latter are presented at one glance the lovely valley of the St. Charles, the densely popu- lated suburbs of St. Roch and St. John, and the Upper Town, rising superbly tier above tier, and crowned by its imposing fortifications, fully realizing the idea of a "a city set on a hill which cannot be hid." The principal divisions of the city, in common parlance, are — the Lower Town, comprising that portion which lies below the cliff and faces the St. Lawrence ; the Upper Town, which includes all within the walls ; St. Roch's suburb, containing all on the low ground facing the St. Charles ; and St. John's and St. Louis suburbs, which include all without the walls on the high ground in rear of the city. For municipal pur- poses it is divided into eight w^rds, each of which TO QUEBEC. 9 returns three members to the City Council. The Mayor is now elected by the city voters, and not chosen, as formerly, by the City Council, from their own body. Quebec returns three members to the Colonial Parliament, denominated members for Quebec East, West, and Centre. The total population of Quebec, according to the census of 1861, was 51,109, of whom 28,750 were of French origin or natives of Trance, 11,346 natives of Canada not of French origin, and the remainder immigrants from various nations, of which Ireland has furnished the most, i.e.^ 7,373, and Switzerland least, 8. The French and English languages are here spoken indifferently by the greater portion of the people. Now and then, among the working classes, may bo met a Jobin, or Lachance, who speaks English "with a brogue and knows nothing of French ; or an O'Brien or Kennedy, who speaks good French and broken English ; and, stranger still, we have heard of a farmer Avhose only language was French, though his name, "Blackburn," and his horse, "Dundee," clearly indicated to what country he owed his origin. The Roman Catholic Church musters by far the largest number of followers. Of their proportion to the other creeds we shall have occasion to speak when noticing the various churches of the city. Within the city the streets are narrow, short, crooked and in many cases steep, John street, the principal business thoroughfare, not being more than one thousand feet in length, forty feet in w^idth, and its side walks only three feet wide. Of late years, the Corporation have tried to increase its width by purchasing ground whenever a fire or the removal of a building has afforded them an opportunity ; but houses here are so substantially built, and fires so raro, we fear it will be a long time before they succeed in carrying out their praiscAVorthy object. We have said the houses 10 TOURIST'S GUIDE are in general solidly built, Jind think that in this respect no city in the province can compete with Quebec, except Montreal ; but we regret we cannot say as much for their beauty. For some time past more attention than formerly has been given to the appearance of buildings, both public and private, but in general their appearance would lead to the idea that, in past generations, the only emulation among the designers was wlio -could construct the ugliest mansion. Such information as, wc think, may interest the tourist, in regard to the trade and manufactures of the city, we shall lay before them at those points where they will probably prove of greatest interest. The principal export of Quebec is lumber, but large quantities of grain are also exported, and the late improvements candied out by the Harbour Com- missioners will, we doubt not, give great impetus to this important branch of trade. Ship-building is also carried on to a great extent, find gives employment to large numbers during the winter months. At this time, the navigation being completely closed, but little business is transacted, the business of the year being compressed into some six or seven months. This produces a very marked effect on social inter- course and the price of labour. During the sum- mer all attention is devoted to business, and the winter is devoted to gaiety ; and the labourer v;ho, in summer, may sometimes obtain four dollars per day, in winter often cannot get work at half a dollar, and frequently has difficulty in finding any employment. Much is often said by visitors of the non-progression of Quebec, but its municipal revenue and trade returns will show that, though it cannot compete with some of the more newly-settled towns, it is now as pros- perous as most of the older cities of the continent. No mercantilo community has a smaller percentage ^f' TO QUIBBC. 11 i of failures, and its banking institutions have stood unshaken in the various crises which have, from time to time, convulsed both the eastern and western con- tinents. To its iniportanco us a fortress, Quebec, without doubt, owes its greatest celebrity ; and the citadel of this *' American (iibraltar" should be among the first places visited by the tourist. For this purpose, he must provide himself with a pass, which may easily be procured from the office of the Totvn Major^ in the Jesuits' Barracks (though usually they may be had at any of the respectable hotels). The citadel is situated on the highest portion of the rock, and is three liundred and fifty feet above the river, and two hun^ dred feet higher than the Upper Town. The only approach to it is by a winding road cut through the glacis, which leads from St. Lewis street to the " Dalhousie Gate." On presenting his pass hero, the visitor will be furnished with an escort, under whose guidance he may visit the works. We need not men- tion the various buildings within the citadel, as they will be pointed out by the guide on the spot. We cannot, however, avoid calling the visitor's attention to the magnificent view obtained from the vicinity of the flag-staff. The extent of country taken in by the eye, with the beauty, richness and variety of the scenery, render this one of the most noble and striking in the world. From the glacis o-f the citadel, on the land side, tlie fortifications of the city — consisting of a massive w\all about 35 feet high, covered by various outworks, with a wide dry ditch and glacis — extend to the cliff overlooking the St. Charles. Here, the nature of the ground renders such massive works unnecessary, and along the margin of the clifif the works are of a much lighter character. A wall of solid masonry, loop-holed for musketry, and with embrasures for cannon, extends from this point round 12 TOdlllST'S OUIUE tlic north and ou.st of the L'ppci' Towii, hii'l out in such a manner ;is the jutting portions of rock have rendered expedient. The ramparts inside these walls afford delightful walks in most places, giving very varied and beautiful views of tlie Lower Town and the surrounding scenery, particularly on the west side, and from the Grand Battery near the Prescott Gate. These irorks have a circuit of about two and a half miles, and arc pierced by five gates. One of these, the St. Lewis Gate, is at the foot of the steep road which leads to the citadel. Descending from the citadel, may be noticed, on the left, the Military Prison, and within the enclosure on the right, the offices of the Royal Engineers. Close to this spot the remains of General Montgomery were interred in 1776, and there remained till removed by his widow^ to St. Paul's Cathedral, New York, where the Ameri- can Government have erected a magnificent cenotaph to his memo^3^ This gallant officer had fought by the side of Wolfe at the "Battle of the Plains", but marrying an American lady, daughter of Judge Livingston, he espoused the cause of the colonists in the war of independence. The following account, taken from Christie s History of Canada, of his burial and the removal of his body, cannot fail to bo of interest : — " The remains of the late General Montgomery, which had reposed within the walls of Quebec since his fall before it on the night of the 31st of December, 1775, were this year, at tlio request of liis widow, exhumed, by His Excellency's orders, and given up to Major Livingston, a relation of that lady. The exhumation was made on tlic 16th of June, 1815, in presence of Captain Freer, one of His Excellency's personal staft*, Major Livingston, and -a few other spectators, under the direction of Mr. James Thomp- son,- of the Engineer Department, who, forty-two i I i TO QUEBEC. 13 years before, had laid the remains of the general in the ground, with the bodies of his two aides-de- camp, Chescman and MePherson, one on each side of liim. The place of interment had changed its appear- ance very consid(irably since 1775. * * * yij.^ Thompson, however, retained sufficient recollection of the whereabouts he lay to dig for the coffin, and on removing the earth it was inmiediately found where lie had stated it to be. The following statement was also made by Mr. Thompson: — *I, James Thompson, of the City of Quebec, in the Province of Lower Canada, do testify and declare that I served in the capacity of assistant engineer during the siego of this city, invested during the years 1775, 1776, by the American forces under the command of the late Major General Montgomery. That in an attack made by the American troops in the night of the 31st Dec, 1775, on a British post, at the southernmost ex- tremity of the city, near Pres-de-Ville, the general received a mortal wound, :ind with him were killed his two aides-de-camp, MePherson and Cheseman, who were found in the morning of the 1st January, almost covered with snow. That Mrs. Prentice, who kept an hotel at Quebec, and with whom Gen. Mont- gomery had previously boarded, was brought to view the body after it was placed in the guard-room, and which she recognized, by a particular mark on the side of the head, to be the general's. That the body was then conveyed to a house immediately opposite the President's residence, by order of Mr. Cramah