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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. rrata o }elure, 1 d □ 32X 1 2- 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 c tc tl FOR TOURISTS. UJ, AllAW«®M#f i) Hislory and Romance. Historical sketch of the ruiPxS of the French CHATEAU, live miles from Quebec, on the road to Lake St, Charles, dating from 1750, with all the romantic memories which attach to it. By the Authw of MAPLE LEAVES. m'i' To The Author of " A Chance Acquaintance,'^ S^Cy W. D. HOWELLS, Cajibridge, BOSTON. The History of Chateau-Bigot is respect- iuUy inscribed in remembrance of the pleasure experienced by the writer, on perusing Mr. Howells' delightful account of "APic-Nic"' at the Chateau. May his gifted pen continue to enrich American literature with delineations ®f the history and scenery of " The Walled City of the North." Spencer G-ranoe, ;; Sillery, 1st August, 1874. J. M. L. :' vti:^ - 5^*^'- 'idOrtMmae^W... 1^516^ T CHATEAU-BIGOT. :*p xij t Its History and Romance). 'Ensconced 'mid trees this chateau stood — 'Mid flowers each aisle and porch ; At eve soft music charmed the ear- High blazed the festive torch. But, ah I a sad and mournful tale Was her's who so enjoye i The transient bliss of these fair shades — By youth and love decoyed. Her lord was true — yet be was Talse, False — false— as sin and hell — To former plights and vows he gave Tq one that loved him well." The Ilerviitage. From time immemorial an antique and massive ruin, standing in solitary loneliness, in the centre of a clearing at the foot of the Charlesbourg mountain, some five miles from Quebec, has been visited by the young and the curious. The lofty mountain to the north-west of it is called La Montagne des Ormes ; for more than a century, the Charles- bourg peasantry designate the ruin as La Malson de la Montagne. The English have christened it The Hermitage, -whilst to the French portion of the population, it is known as Chateau-Bigot, or Beaumanoir ; and truly, were it not on account of the associations which surround the time worn pile, few would take the trouble to go and look at the dreary object. The land on which it stands was formerly included in the FieJ de la Triniie, granted between 1640 and 1650 to Monsieur Denis, a gentleman from La Kochelle, in France, the ancestor of the numerous clan of Denis, 1 Denis de la Rjnde, Denis dj Vitie, &j,» This seigniory was 8absev|uently sold to Monseign* ♦ I am h^ppy t9 be able to throw some ad- ditional light on the early tfrnas of this mys- terious rain, whloh has so much proplexed Q,uebec ant (juarlans. T'lsprobabl ■ his state- ly mansion was built by the g'oat latandant Talon as the Baronial chateau, permitted by his graat, (806 Scignionil Documents, 1852 — "page 4 44 and 4 8) accordingto which he was empowered ti establish ga^ls, a four-post gibbet a po»t wltli an iron colUr on which his arm ; should be engraved " Of all this redoubtai>e feudal pomp, there are no vestiges now extaat. Of bow tho c?iate:tti fared from Tf I lu's time to Bigot's, we have failed to unc li any lufornaatlon. After tha Ciiquest, \he land came by pur- chase Into the possession of the Stewart Jamily, latilj represented by the Hon. John Stewart — a most intsrestlng but lengthy letter f cm one of the Stewart's, describing the winter months he spent at the Hermitage in 1775-8, whilst Arnold, held for Congress, the environs of Quebec Is in my possession. Mr. Wm. Crawford, the actual owner of the land and ruins, havlfg kindly allowed me the use of his tittle-deeds. I read that "Charles Stewart, avocat et notalre demeur- ant A Quebec, propri6tair6 du flef de Grand Pr6, autrefois dit De la Mlstanguenne ou Moat Plaisir, A la Canard fere, par acte de vents du 26 Juln 1780, devant Jean Antolne Panet. N. P.. conc6da A tltte de cens et rentes sel- gueurlales il Monsieur Jeaa Lees, le Jeune, Simon Sraser, le Jeune, et William Wilson, n^goclanten cette vllle, 10 arpents de front sltu6s dans le fief Grand Pr6 ou Morjt Plalslr, a la Canardlere, au lieu noram6 La Montagne ou I'Hermltage, prenaut d'un bout, vers le sud aux teries de Joseph B6dard, et Jean Baptlste Lelvoux dlt Cardinal, et allant en profondeur vers le nord quatorze arpents ou environ, jnsqu'd. la vielle cloture du verger, icelul verger compils en la pr6sente conces- iwho are chiefly the principal merchants in the colony, and are styled barons. As the members drop oft', iheir places a^e supplied by knights elect, •vho are not installed as barons until there is SI sufllclent nu'uber to pay for the entertain- ment which is given on that occasion." J, Xiambert, during the winter of 1807, attended one of the banquets of installation, which was given In the Uni-an Hotel (now the Jour, nal de Quebec OfRce, facing the Place dArmes.) The Eon. Mr. Eueu, the President of the Province, and Administrator, di'.ring the absence of Sir Itobert Milnes, attended as the oldest baron. The Chief Justice and all the principal ofllcers of tbe government, civil and military, were present. This entertainment cost 250 gui< neas. The Barons club, says W. Henderson, was a sort of I*it Club, — all, Tories to the back- bone. It wae ?. very select, affair — and of no long dura tic n. Among the menabers. If my memory sjrfes me right, were John Colt mian, Oeorg a Hamilton, Sir John Caldwell, Sir Qeorge Pownall, H. W. Ryland, George Heriott, (Postmaster and author), Mathew Bell, Gilbert Ain«lle, Angus Shaw (Notes of TV. Henderson.) The other club went under I he ap- propriate name of 'Sober Club"— lucus a non liicendo perhaps : it flourished about 18 il; we believe one of the By-laws enacted that the msmbers were expected ta get elevated at least once a year. It seems to me more than likely that it was the Club of Barons, and not the Sober Club, wbo larous . ed under the romantic walls of the Hermi. tage. The third Club flourished at Montreal ; it took the name of %e Braver Clnb, and was, I be'leve, composed of old NorUnvesters j 12 i i K) Koyal Henry picktd > is way through "Love's Ladder ?" Quien sal- :' Who can unravel the mystery? It may have served for the foundation of the tower which existed when Mr. Papineau visited and described the pla?e thirty-two years ap(\ The heavy cedar raft- ers, more than one hundred years old, are to this day sound : one has been broken by the fall, probably, of eome heavy stones. There are several indentures in the walls for fipe- places, which are built of cut maronry ; from the angle of one a song sparrow flew out, ut- tering its anxious note. We searched and discovered the bird's nest, with five spotted, dusky eggs in it. How strange 1 in the midst of ruin and decay, the sweet tokens of hope, love and harmony I What cared the child of soug if her innocent nffspriog were reared amidst these mouldering relics of the past, mayhap a guilty past ? Could she not teach then' to warble sweetly, even from the roof whic.'i echoed the dying sigh of the Algon- quin maid ? Red alder trees grew rank and vigorous amongst the diejointed masonry, which had crumbled from the walls into the cellar ; no trace existed of the wooden stair- case mentioned by Mr. Papineau ; the timber of the rooi had rotted away or been used for camp-fires by those who frequent and fish the elfish stream which winds its way over a pebbly ledge towards Beauport — well stock- ed with small trout, which seem to breed in great numbers in the dam near the Chateau. ♦'btop, stop, cried my poetic companion. The fete of the fair maid, the song of birds, the rustling of groves, the murmur of yonder brook,— does not all this remind you of the accents of our laurel-crowned poet, m the song of Claribel ?'' Those who wish to visit the Hermitage, are strongly advised to take the cart-road which leads easterly from the Charlesbourg church, turning up. Pedestrians will prefer the other route , they can, in this case, leave their veLiclo at GaspardHuot'sboarding-house, —a little higher than the church of Charles- bourg, — and then walk through the fields skirting, during greater part of the road, the murmuring brook I have previously mention- ed ; but by all means let them take a guide with them. I, ' rs{-. ,'SV*''y':lii ; ,^.f9i 13 I shall DOW translate and condense, from the interesting narrative of a visit paid to the Hermitage in 1831, by Mr. Amedee Fapineau and his Uilented father, f.he Hen. L. J. Fapineau, the legenu which attaches to it: CAROLINE, OR THE ALGONQUIN MAID, (by Amedee Fapineau.') "We drove, my father and I, with our vehiclp to the very foot of the mountain, and there touk a foot-path which led us through a dense wood. We encountered and crossed a rivulet, and theu ascended a plateau cleared of wood, a most enchanting place ; behind ns and on our right was a thick forest ; on our left the eye rested on boundless green fields, diversified * wjth golden harvests and with the neat v/hite cottages of the peasant- try. In the distance was visible the broad and placid St. Lawrence, at the foot of the citadel of Quebec, and also the shining cupo- las and tin roofs of the city houses ; in front cf us, a confused mass of ruins, crenelated walls embedded in moss and rank grass, to- gether with a tower half destroyed, beams, and the mouldering remains of a roof. After viewing the tout ensemble, we attentively ex- amined each portion in detail — every frag- ment was interesting to us ; we with difficulty made our way over the wall, ascending the upper stories by a staircase which creaked and trembled under our weight. With the assistance of a lighted candle we penetrated into the damp and cavernbus cellars, careful- ly exploring every nook and corner, listening to the sound of our own footsteps, and occasi- onally startled by the rustling of bats which we disturbed in their dismal retreat. I was young, and consequently very imprefsioQ- * It Is painful to watch the successive in- roads perpetrated by sportsmen and idiers on the old Chateau. In .1819, an old (j,uebecer, Mr. Wyse, visited it ; doars, veranc ah, win. dows and everything else was complete. He, too, lost his way In the woods, but found it again without ibe help of an Indian beauty. It was then known as the haunted house, sup- posed to coi\ialn a deal cf French treasurr, and ca led La Maiion du Bourg Royal, O 14 II; I able. I had just left college ; thase extraor- dinary sounds and objects would at times make me feel very uneasy. I pressed close to my father, and dared scarcely breath ; the remembrance of this subterranean explora- tion will not easily be forgotten. What were my sensations when I reader can imagine ? saw a tombstone, the •Here we are, at last 1' exclaimed my father, and echo repeated his words. Carefully did we view this monu- ment ; presently we detected the letter 'C,' nearly obliterated by the action of time ; af- ter remaining there a few moments, to my unspeakable delight we made our exit from this chamber of death, and, stepping over the ruins, we again alighted on the green sward. Evidently where we stood had former- ly been a garden : we could still make out the avenues, the walks and plots, over which plum, lilac and apple trees grew wild. "I had not yet uttered a word, but my curiosity getting the better of my fear, I de- manded an explanation of this mysterious tombstone. My father beckoned me towards a shady old maple ; we both sat on the turf, and he then spoke as follows : — You have, no doubt, my son, heard of a French Inlendant, ot the name Bigot, who had charge of the public funds in Canada somewhere about the year 1757 ; you have also read how he squan- dered these moneys and how his Christian Majesty had him sent to the Bastille when he returned to France, and had his property confiscated. All this you know. I shall now tell you what," probably, you do not know. This Intendant attempted to lead in Canada the same dissolute life which the old noblesse led in France before tL Irench Re- volution had levelled all classes. He it was who built this country seat, of which you no w contemplate the ruins. Here he came to seek relaxation from the cares of office ; here he prepared entertainments to which the rank and fashion of Quebec, including its Governor Getxeral, eagerly flocked : nothing was want- ing to complete the eclat of this little V ersail- les. Hunting was a favorite pastime of our ancestors, and Bigot was a mighty hunter. As active as a chamois, as daring as a lion was this indefatigable Nimrod, in the pursuit of bears and moose. 15 ^ «0a one occasion, when tracking with some sporting friends an old bear whom he had wounded, he was led over mountainous ridges and ravines, very far from the castle. Not^iing could restrain him ; on he went in advance of every one, until the bloody trail brought him on the wounded animal, which he soon despatched. "During the chase the sun had gradually sunk over the western hills ; the shades of evening wore fast descending : how was the lord of the manor to And his way back ? He was alone in a thick forest : in this emergency his heart did not fail him, — he hoped by the light of the moon to be able to find his way to his Ftray companions. Wearily he walked on, ascending once or twice a high tree, in order to see further, but all in vain : soon the unpleasant conviction dawned on him that like others in similar cases, ho had been walking round a circle. Worn out and ex- hausted with fatigue and hunger, he sat down to ponder on what course he should adopt. The Queen of night, at that moment shed- ding her silvery rays around, only helped to show the hunter how hopeless was his pre- sent position. Amidst these mournful re- flections, his ear was startled by the sound of footsteps close by : his spirits rose at the pros* pect of help being at hand ; soon he perceived the outlines of a moving white object. Was it a phantom which his disordered imc^'ina- tiou had conjured up? Terrified, he s;ized his trusty gun and was in the act of nring, when the apparation, rapidly advf>ucing to- wards him, assumed quite a human form : a little figure stood before him with eyes as black as night, and raven tresses flowing to the night wind ; a spotless gar uent enveloped in its ample folds this airy aii