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This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmi au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X 1- 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X Th« copy fllmtd h«r« has b««n r«procluo«d thanks to tha oanaroslty o7: Library Diviiion Provincial Archival of British Columbia L'axamplaira fll«tiA fut raprodult grica k la OAnAroalt* da: Library OiviiiOft Provincial Archivat of British Columbia Tha Imagaa appaaring hara ara tha bast quaihy possibia eonsidaring tha oondltion and laglblllty of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract spaciflcatlons. Laa Imagas sulvantas ont 4tA raproduitas avac la plus grand soln. eompta tanu da la condition at da la nattatA da raxamplalra f Ilm4, at an conformit* avac las conditions du contrat da fllmaga. Original eoplas In printad papar covars ara fllmad baglnning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or lllustratad Impras- slon, or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original eoplas ara fllmad baglnning on tha first paga with a printad or lllustratad Impras- slon. and anding on tha last paga with a printad or lllustratad Impraaslon. Las axamplalras origlnaux dont la couvartura an paplar ast Imprimis sont fllmAs an commandant par la pramiar plat at an tarmlnant salt par la darnlAra paga qui comporta una ampralnta d'Imprasslon ou d'lllustratlon, solt par la sacond plat, salon la cas. Tous las autras axamplalras origlnaux sont fllmte an commandant par la pramlAra paga qui comporta una ampralnta d'Imprasslon ou d'illustration at an tarmlnant par la darnlAra paga qui comporta una taila ampralnta. Tha last racordad frama on aach microficha shall contain tha symbol ^^> (maaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol ▼ (maaning "END"), whichavar appiias. Un das symboiaa suivants apparaftra sur la darnlAra imaga da chaqua microficha. salon ia sas: ia symbols — ^ signifia "A 8UIVRE". la symbols ▼ signifis "FIN". Maps, platas, charts, ate, may ba fllmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thoss too lorga to ba antiraly included in ona axposura ara fllmad baglnning in tha uppar laft hand corner, iaft to right and top to bottom, as many framas as raquirad. Tha following diagrams illustrata tha mathod: Las cartas, pisnchas. tablaaux. ate. pauvant itra fiimAs i dss taux da rAduction diffArants. Lorsqua ia document ast trap grand pour itra raprodult an un saul ciich*. ii ast film* A partir da I'angia supAriaur gaucha. da gaucha A droits, at da haut ^n bas. •n pranant ia nombra d'imagas nAcsssaira. Las diagrsmmss suivsnts illustrant ia mAthods. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 •I 1 Am Historical Journal / o[ the Expeditions, iy Sea a^:d Land, to t\u; Nop. TH of CALIFORNIA in ! I 1768, 1769, and 1770; when Spanish Establishments Were Ji>fi t'lai^e nt San - Diego and Monte -Re\. t ffom a Span'ijh MS. Tranlhitcd by mWnm Rcvelcy, Elq. Publiihed by ^Jrijmjitc. 1790. LONDON, PrntcJ by GEORGE BIG G.. >ld by P. El.Py. oppofite Southamp.cm Street, Str..na ; J. S...r: rornhil!; /.-. ;/-..^v;rr, (Succortbr to Mr. ^ourje) oppofiie Catherine btica, btt..n., V.I A D V E R T I S E M E N T. i No\ci;ibcr 1790. I RE C El V 1:1) in 17B3, from D'. 'Rvhrtpm, il^c c-KbMUcl Iliiloiiaii, a prcfent of the Spcinijh xMS, ct vhich the lullowino; is a Ircwlluwyi: It was written by an Of'iccr employed in the Kxpccli/ion, but 1 think ]^roper to emit /vi fiiifuc, iinkl':. 1 IkaI hi^ conlcnt and approbation to nilcrt It. I'he Sp.if?:/^ MS\ i:. entitled '' Diario Ililloneo de los Viagcs de Mar v Tierni, '- Heeh(>s al N(Mtc de la California de orden del Kxtno '' S Mirrjucs ckOoix, Vi-Rcy, (JovernaJor y C\ipitan- *'(Kneral de la Nueba-EfpaHa ; y por diieceion del " ^■llu!lril^!mo S' Don J'J'ph dc G.ihcz, del Conlejo y ^' Caniara de S. M. en el bupremo dc Yn'dias, Vntendente " de I'Aereito, Vifitador-Ccncral dc cik Rev no ; i'.xeen- '' tados por la tropa dciVinada a dleho obgeto al mand.o '* de Do;/ G^iff>r,r Jc Portda, Capitan de Draguncs en cl *' KeLMinientode l^lj^ana, y ( Jovernador en ilicha Fenmlula ; *' y por los Ea(]ULbot;> el Sun dirl'jA y S^v: A/itomo^ ;il *^ nriiido de Don I'lccKtc I ih, V\h>io del nuiiiero de *' primcros de la Real Armada, y de Dr.': >,.v; /V-^:, '* de la Navegacion de Phi/jpi/h!..^' h was obliciinMv tranflated foi nu^ by Mr. Rr.vr.T.rY, I-ntlur to th.it -jn^cniou^ ArehiteCl, N.' 75 'litehluld ^trt(t, whole D \iiv :/:.[.( o f G'VtVf and i'>v// hive l.ten ' ( ii ) To univcrfally admired, by all who have had the plcafure cC feeing them: I afterwards got it corrcacd by a Spaiiifh Friciid. I have added, to the Map of California by Don Miguel Cojlaufo, the Engineer on this Elxpedition, feme Hews of the Coajl^ from a French MS f^oyage in my poflefiion, and have joined, to compleat the Knowledge ot the Parts herein mentioned, a Plate containing a man of San Francifco, dillerent from that I formerly publiflied, with a Chart jf part of the IVeJl Coajl of California from a Spanifh MS ; and on the fame Plate 1 have gi\ tn a Plan and View of the Balle de Bandera^ from the liimc French Voyage. As this MS frequently refers to Cabrera- Bueno^ I have therefore tranflatcd that Author's Dcfcription of the Coaft of California ; as I thought it would be acceptable to the Publick, it was pubhlhed in a 'Treatife of Navigation^ printed at Manila^ *734» ^° ^^ ^^ "^ many Places very ubfcure^ and extremely ill-pointed^ which encreales that obfcurjty ; I have rendered it as nearly literal as pollible : and 1 have added the Tranflaiion of a part of the French royage abovcmentioned. ., \ I (hall conclude with my acknowledgments to D'' Robertfon tor iriis Prclcnt, and Xo Mr. Rcvtly for the favour He did me in tranflating It : I'hc Firjt Steps of a NcW'EJlahliJkment are always curious. 1 )<;. *i a ii l> T X HE Court of Spain having received information of the repeated attempts of a foreign Nation * upon the Northern Coafts of California^ with views not at all favourable to the Spanip Monarchy and Its Intercds, the King ordered the Marquis tie Croix^ His Viceroy and Captain General in New Spain, to take effetflual care to guard that part of his Dominions from all invafion and infult. The Marquis de Croix had adopted the ideas of the Sovereign on this fuhjcifl ; and, at the time of the cxpulfion of the Jcfuits from New Spain, had appointed a military and political Governor of Cii lif or nij, to execute the fame purpofe in that Province, to keep it in obctlience to the King, to prdcrve it in peace, and to fend advice of whatever mi^ht occur. His Excellency had aUb determined to fend, to the fald Pcninfula, intelligent pcrfons to reconnoitre every part of ir, and to sive an accou'it of the flate of the MiiTions ; of the difpofition, qualities and number of the natives; of their manner of living and cuftoms ; of tbiC natural productions of that country ; of the nature of the Mines, the modes of w^orking them, and who bad the Profi ; ^ what Settlements of Spaniards, or of other people, were eftablifhed ; and laftly, of the nature and quality of Its Coafts, Ports and Seas: that by means of thefe information:, orders and regulations might be made B conducive / tbifani f * Dc quienes Ui deifrutaban. ) V o;,;iti.i\ c to the r.^ul.itifii and iiuiwifc ot Luc Cninaicicc, Mii* .iiicl tcttli)le of fuHicieiit ahihiies for fue'i a Coinmiilion ; when the ilhilliloii. /;:,,. 7'7fy>/» r/,' (jjhcr:,, ap}x>:iiteJ to viiit t!ic V'o\iiK\'. <;! Ci.iiilGii and Sglcfj^ inlligated by the ianic /.Lai a> the X'ieeioy, took t)irthe \veii;ht of thi^ diffieulv. In oileriiij; U) go perloiially to Ciiiijlniiii, to fuhill thelc gieal ivkas and Lo put into execution fome projecls, that wcic elleeaicJ to k: of the greatcfl iinpuitaucc. Hi.- Excellency the Viceroy applauded atui accepted the gener(va,. otTer of the illuflriou:, Don J''lt'ph dc GiihcZy and i.-iving him every ailidancc, a^ well Military as Pulirical, the Vilitor-General prcjxu-ed for his Voyage, :^\\^. \^ii Miwicu the 9th of April, 1768. h\ Ma\' o{ the (anic year He arrived at the Port of ^rji B/iJs, a I'\)it and Settlement, lately made, on the C.oall: ot Xt'iv Gd'/ciii, m the Soia/j Sea^ where the Veflels, <'a rolled for the Navigation and I'radc of Sononi, had l>:-en built, and wheie tliey were then eonib'Uelinr other \eliels, te> be employed in the intercourie and Trade of i'.iil'furnia, ' Being at this Port, with Intention to fail for the P^«/^^/^, Dji y^fej^h dc Gahcz received Ibinc difpatches from Mexico^ ui ( 3 ) in which the Viceroy incliuLd an Ordor !\f haJ lately received from the Court, concerning the care anil vigilance neceOary on the Weftern Coall ot* Califorh-iii ; and added his recommendation to fend, by Sea, an Expedition to the famous Port of Monterrcv, The care and protcvflion of the Coaih of dilifurnuj was one (>f the Objects u hich properly engaged the attention of the Viccrov, and from this motive he a2:ain recom- mended to D'jnJ^.fpb de dihcz a matter, the importance of which would be viiiblc in ib.e Order of the Kin^, leaving the execution entirely to hi.^ diicretinn. But before gi\ing an account of Don Jofi-ph de dihez's operations, it will be proper to fiy fomething of the Coarts of Ciilifr^rniiU the objecls of the Government's attention ; expla. ; at the lame time, the flate of the Penififulii^ and, generally, tlie atTairs of the South Sea ; at the time of the arrival of Don J^fcph dc Gahcz at Snu Bias, to ihow w hat precautions were taken, and how little alTiftance can be expccled in fuch difbant Countries. Under tlie name of the Outer ^ or JJ\/Ierfiy Coafl oi Californiaj are meant the CoalU of North America upon the Ajlatic Occa?i^ or as it is called the Scurh Sea, for the great extent of more than coo nautic Icairues, betu cen C;V San Lucas in 22? 48' N".' Latitude, and Kio dc los Rc\cs in 4j^? — We do not mention Rio dc los Reyes as the /ioiify but only as the extent of the Spa-djb dilcovcries ; "* altl UHl 'U • Citanios ;il Rio Jf los Reyts no icomo limltc pno n (.on;.) tttiwir.u dc lo dcftublcrto dc cllas por los Navcgartis dc nuelba Niicior, aun <|uc uo (c f Oiicndu ataiito lo coiiiniiftado, y icduoiJo poi los Kl'p.iiudcs a l.i obidicncla de fu Augnfto Moaarca, cuio I)i)minio no rccouoccu auu ioU;i» las Nacioiie* conirahcudid.u dcntio de U rctiinCuU* MS* i i ( 4 ) although it i<; not to be undcrftood to have heci) all conquered and reduced to the obedience of our auguft Monarch, whole dominion is not acknowledged even by all the nations comprehended in the Pertinfuh^ if its IJlhmui (or part by which it is united to the Co?itinent) he reckoned between the river Colorado and Port Siin Ditgo, two Points, which, with little difTcrcncc, fill under the parallel of 32? 30' N? Latitude. T!\c fubdiicd part of California^ beginning from Cape San Lucas, only reaches to 30?!. N? Latitude, \n here is tlic Million of Santa Miriay at a little diAancc from the Bay of San Luis Gonzaga, a very convenient and iafc Port, in the Sea of Cortes, or tlie CaHfornidn GuJph ; iuit all this Tiacl was i^^aiccly peopled by any but the natlvc>, colleen cd in fmall numbers at the Milfions and the xvOi ciiipcifcd in dulcrent moveable rancbcrias, whicli ncknowled^eti, as their head, the ncarcll Million. Thcl people (wh«^fc numbers are very lijnited) except in beiii ratechifeu and made Chritlians, prelervcd in every thing the lame niuuncr o( p^ettincf their livelihood as in their i\Hyin flnte ; that is, burning and fi filing, and li\ lag among the minmlains, where they gather the feeds and fiuit.s that the country yields without culture. (J rr CD The Spariarih, raily fuch, and otiier cafls generally fo called in /incica, fettled in the Pcnirfula, did nc^t amount to 400 fouls, including; in this number tlic families of the foldiers in the Fortrcfs of Loreto, and rhofe of 'fnmc people who call ihemlelves Miners, and who inhabit ihe fouthern part ; from whence may be inferred, ( 5 ) inferred, how little the inhabitants themfelves can be reckoned upon, for the defence of their Coafts ; and the facility which is prefented to any ftrangcrs to fettle upon them, without danger of meeting with oppofition ; more particularly, if they (hould attempt to land to the Northward, in the celebrated Ports of San Diego and Monterrey ; a cafe that might bring with it fatal con- fcquences, as they might take pofleflion of the Lands, and fortify themfelves, without ary information reaching Government, or if it did, too late to prevent irreparable lofs. Upon the South Sea, in the whole that fronts the Coafts of New Spain^ no other VcflHs arc known, hut the Packet Boats, lately conftru£led at San Bias, and two othcfb, of fmall burden, which fervcd the expelled Miliionarys of California, for communicating with the neighbouring and oppofitc Coafts, of Sonora and Neiu Gallcla : in thcfc few Vcfllls confift the u hole Maritime Force that could be oppofcd to all foreign invallons. Confidcring then the orders received, and the fmalJ aftiftance that Province could yield, know ing equally that the beft means could not Ix: immediately employed, Don Jofepb de Gahcz did not give up the undertaking in which he was engaged ; on the contrary, he overcame, by per- ievcrance, the diflicultics, overlooking the inconvcniencies. lie perceived the iiccellity of fettling the dilcovereJ part of California with utcful people, capable ot" eul- tivatin^ the Lands, of pioiuing by the rich produdioua C in ( ) in minerals, Cochineal atul oihcr tilings, niM ahic to take a.m.^, in tlcfciicc of tlicir homes, when occafion rc'(|iiiic(l : hut tlic ("juntrics, coniprchcncLiI inuler tlic nanu- of Cii^ifiinil,!^ being fo extenfive, as hcforc-nuntloncil, it was not lets ncceflary to niaiwC new fcttliiiRnts a^ far as poflihle to the Northward, whicli, joining withiholc to the Southward, might mutually fuHain each otlier. No one is ignorant of the repeated and evpcnfive expeditions, which, t'^ realize ihi^ {)rojecl, and to ex- amine the W'cflern Coad <)( Califorf.ij^ were kt on foot in the two lafl cci turii> ; efpceialiy the lall an^l i'uceef^ful cxpeilinon of tlic General Stl'iiJliiUi rizciiim)^ in the year 1602, wlicn he dileowred the Ports of Siiu Dii'vo in J2?'. N? Latitude, and M>ntcrrcv in 36? 40' N'.' Latitude ; u hereupon the Royal Sfluilule of Phillip the 3d oidered, riiat the Port of Mnttrriy flu)uld he ocrupicd and pcoj^lcd, the value of whuh Port was well known from that time, en':rullin^ tins important ah'ur t(; the iaini- S^hafum Vr^cairjj : hut, notw ithilanduig the orders of that Monareh were given with the grcateil: ;Uttention, and eonccived in terms which leemed to remove every ilill'culty, and overcome every unpofnhility, yet they were not carried mto due cflcft, hut the reafons, which [ml vented the execution, do not appear, excepting that Vi7.Ciiim died, whilll he was preparing for the enterjiri/e. The fame political motives, wliich operated at thai tmie, ading flill fur excentjjig thelc orders, and others' accumulatin-j:, ( 7 ) .'.ccv.mulating, prudence diclatcd whdt mc afurLS lo^uriue in the prcfcnt circumllaiiccs. With ,this view Don Jofcph de Gnhcz, refoU'cil, in A council at San B/iU, iii which he preruled, on the 1 6th May, 1/68, with the affidance of the Commandant of that dtpartment, of the Oificcrs of the Army, and of the Pilots that \n ere prefent, that they would again fct about this cntcrprize with moie foundation, occupying at once both tlic Ports of San Diego and Mojitarcy, cflabUlhin^ in them a Garrifon and Miflion, and fccuring by that means polililion of the country to our augult Soverei'^n a2;ainil: the pretenfions of foreign vifitors, rcfcrvin*^ to a more convenient opportunity the augmen- tation of thofc Settlements, and giving them all the ftrength that may be thought necellary. The Maritime Expedition was then refolved upon, and the Vellbls were appointed in which it wa:> to be executed : the Sm Carlos and San Jlntunio were fixed upon, as being the largeft and ftrongeft ; but as Don Jofeph dc Galvez was to go to California to take new mcafurcs, and to give various orders for the fame purpofe, he deferred at that time naming the Officers and troops to be fent, as alfo the MiHionarys that were to* be taken f.om the Ciid Tcniufulu The Packet Boats were not at that time at San Bhu but were fuppofcd to be on their rcturu to that Port' from whence they had failed ui the month of March I, \ ( 8 ) March preceding, with troops to Gunimas in the Province of Somnu ^<^^' ^^hich reafon, leaving to the Commander of that department the orders neceflary for a quick difpatch, Don Jofiph de Gahez embarked for California on the 24th of May, in the Bilander CinaJoa, and on the 5th of July landed in the Bay of Cermho, after having vifitccl the I/Jands Ifahella, and the Marias, and the Port of Mazathvi on the Coafl of Cinaloa. In tlie mean time, an eftlraate was made of every thing nccefTIny for fo long and difficult a Voyage ; and aliiiough tlie Commander of San Bias, and all the people to be employed in this important enterprize, \vere very {i)hcit()us againil: any delay, The return of the Veirds being prolonged, by reafon of contrary winds, added to the difficulties they afterwards met with in their Voyage to California, the Maritime Expediacn was greatly retarded. Meanwhile the Villtor-Gencral laboured with unwearied diligence ; and finding in Califoniid, SuhjcdU of great importiuicc worthy to occupy his attention, he never 1(^11 fight of the pn^jedted enterprize, the good fuccefs of which he wilhcd to fccure by every means pofhble. The Maritime Expedition did not appear to him fufficient to obtain the end propofed ; he confidered the infinite riiks and diliiAers to which the Vcflcls mufl be expofcd in fo long a Voyage, whicl\ might be called new, from the very little that was known conccrninG: it. The difcafes that might attack them in fuch long Voyages, and other inevitable contingencies ; from tliefe rcfledior.s arofc ( 9 ) arolc the RTolutioii to fciul aiiothci Expcd hicli b wiiicti bcuvr pea i I ion /'j' LiiHiL dircacd to the liinic ciui :is tlic Marltiiiic, ihcv might ' lend or receive the aiillbnce that eac!i other might be in want of. To this end, Don Jufcpb de Gahcz lent letter^ to all the Millions of the PcnufuliK with a thar<'-e to the Reverend Father.-, that ihcy Ihoiild all contribute ; and that, without fail, they Ihould fend the ornaments and Jacred veliUn ^or the new Miihons, w ith dried fruits and liquors for tlie laid expedition a, and alio horfo:, and mules. ' The ncccftaries and prinifions for the Land ExpediUi)n were embiiked at the I^ort of l.orci'o, on board of foui" Launches, to carry '"hem to the Bay ^^i Siin 1 .uii Gu/.'zji.l-i?, I'nan whence they were to h: lent to tl.-j Million oi' S.nil.i Aluri.i, the lall and farthcll Nuithw ai\l, which was a}>pointed the rendezvous, whereU) tlic iroo.^s, the drtners, and the htrdfmen, with the '^attle ot all lort^, which w ere to be carried by land, both for burden and to Hock the projected Settlements. This troop was compoied of fortv men of the com[iai\y of Cell llj'uiii, to whom were joined thiitv luMan Volunteers, from the Miifioiih, armctl with bou .-> anil arrow ^, ;iil were to march vnuler the command til tlic (io\ernor of rl'.c Vcn'infuli^ DjH Giifpjr dc Poitoiii ; but D >u J'/^'ph */V i]i,!vLZ found It more convtnient tv) di\ ide them uito two I) parties. ' V ^-.iKIds }m:,i cilin^ \i.ii';i^, C\i\ .lUc! i.i, v Mlilaa.i. . ( .0 ) paitic... The Captain of tlic Fort ot L-jnio, Don }\'r?ijtiik Rivod y Mvsicadd^ was to concUid the firfl, as explorer, with twenty - tlve men of his party, and lonvj of the friendly Indians^ with the black cattle; nnd the Governor-Commandant \n as to follow, as chief of the expedition, with the remainder of the men and provifions. ^\q. march of the firft party, according to the aforclaid difpofitions, was to be in the beginning of I)(Veinher, but the badnefs of the roads and the ditTi- cuity of keeping the cattle together, and conduas founded in VcUcaU^ which was named the Mifiion of San Fcrnmuh^ this place bcinj^ about 20 leagues dilbnt from i!ie Million of Santd Maria, very inucli frequented by the Pagan Nations of the Northern partsof G/A;/6r///V;.- a llillicient guard v. as left in it, and from luTice the fiiA party of the Land Expedition purfued its mareh for San Diep, on the 24th of March of the lame \ear. ^rhe ( n ) / The fecond party of the Exjiedition, under tlic Go- vernor, hegan its march from Feliaita on the 15th of May, having with them the Prefklent of the Miiiioiis of Califorma, the Reverend Father Jujupcro Serra ; iix whom, in an advanced age, neither the cxccHive and unavoidable fuigues of fo long a journt/, nor thoie v.hich muft attend the future apo(}lc(hip of Mouterny^ were capable of abating the ardent zeal which he pofilfled, for the convcrfion of the numerous Gentiles, to the knowledge of the true GOD, and his Holy Religion. The Packet Boat% the San Carlos and the other, "» which, by order of Don Jofcph de Gahez, were to go to the Port i/c la Paz., in Southern California., to take on board the veteran troop with neceiiaries and provifions for the new Eilabllfhmcnts at San DicQo and Monicrrcw were lon^; in arriving there, for reafons that have been already given. The S^in Carlos arrived about the middle of December, but, having laboured much at fea, with ilrong contrary winds, was leaky, her feams having opened ; and it was requifitc that (lie fhould be hove down, to examine her fides and keel, a difficult operation in a place dcflitute of almoft every thing needful for the purpofc, however, it was compleated under the infpedioa of Dun yojcph dc Gahez, who aififled pcrlbnally in the bunnels, and in Icfs than fifteen days the V'eilel received all her cargo un board ; oiid being ready to fail, the • IMS. P/Jfu-pc hM It WiiS tt.c iiafi J.Hto/iiOy and thcicloie i*, /;n;^f is not ih' VclUi'c ij;i!jic, li.it jnobubly lutans the i'm.//*// or C^/»y A'ctttl. J-'}) ■■«» \ ( ( '^ ) the \i\'>^^p was cmlxirkcxl, wliich coiiliAc;] of tw Ciil\ -tAe men of the Free Company of Caliilunuin Vc^luiitccrs with their F^Icutcinnt, Don Piu^ro h^/^^ts, whi) had Iccii oiilcrcd iVoin the expcilition of Sofir./ii; tlie Kncziiiccr, Don M'r^uel CoJliV.fo ; ami the Surgeon, 7)^// l\ih-^> P,\it : there likewife enibiuketl, for the fpiiitiial alhAanec of all, the Reverentl Fatlier l^rnuci.i- FfrNii/nlo Piirrr^n^ a reli;_:it)u.. of the College oi PropdpYUuLi julc^ ot SiVi I crnji.J'i of Mtw'ico^ who was dellined to remain in Sj'i Dic^o^ to be tliJ founder of that Miliion. About tills t!:ne news was received of tlie otlu r Paeka 1) :at, t!ie Sjn .hiloah^ being near the Poir, fhe had met Willi a lliong NW wind, w :1!l1i IkuI (h'i\en hvT to keward, and forced 1 er to Ixar aw .^y ti-r /\v.'//;v;, a road winch \\a\ fome flieltcr troivi t!i..t \'. ind, , ironi w !i(.!icc th;.' C.'.[H.:in. P-'i y-./v /'t'/r:^, knt atK ice of ti.n (••. cnt; 1)'/ 7''A/"-' <'i' (r:hc'Z appivhende ', tluit dmr;:)',- l!\e toice of j'lele N W wind., the Wllel r.i; ht be li i\'.ii Itill nmre to hewai'd, if the niots jbniiKl . 'ideavDin- to irain r'le Port : for which realon, Ll biit an oidti- to tlie Ca.'tain lo uo to the Ikiv nf S ."•;,* Bci-n.ibJ liiiiatcd at Cape S n ]j.ica'^ (mi t!>j 1. i:ic Coad, l)el'ig the Souihcrnir.olf pait of the Vcnh:fu-ii^ t(» whicli placj 7)",'/ y'l-l'h ch' Cjhrz dct.rnniicd to •.■v)hinncif in tlvj Packet lk>at t!ie C'j/icc^f ;■>/:. Tlh" C/ //('(' A/.'/;/ and the .S>/7 G/'/i \>u\ ro La, .;t tii<' fame time. \i\rj\\ the Wra lU ,'d 1\'S, i>n t! e i-t'i ( *3 ) January, 1769, and failed in company till the 14th, i>n which day they came to an 4-^ in the Bay of San Bcnial'tf ; but the San jintonio being not yet arrived, Don Jofcph dc Gahez refolvcd to lend forward the San Carlos, and the next day in the evening this Packet Boat hoifted cj-^, and failed for San Diego. The San Antonio arrived in the Bay of San Bcrnahi in the latter end of January, and, though in good condition, the Vifitor - General refolved to heave her down and examine her ; after being repaired, in the fiime manner as the San Carlos, ihe put to fea, bound to the fame place, on the 1 5th February. There is a difficulty in the navigation of the exterior Coall: of California, owing to the coniTant North and N\V winds, that, with little interruption, reign all the year, and are dire, for want of water, was obliged to (land in for the Vu.jd, and come to an 4-^ in fearch of Ibme ; they found E ' it » ! { H- ) If, in the Ifland ofCcrros, .vith great difficulty and lahoTir, fhc VdlM keeping under-(iiil between the Main and the Uland, u hich has nnt any Ihelter, nor road where they could kt go an cf-) without danger of lofmg it, the bottom bcin^ e\'crv where foul. Hnvlng flnlflicd her watering, flic again put to Tea, on rlie 26th of March, and on the 29th of April arrived at the Port of San Diego, being 1 10 days from her leaving the Port of /a Pas ; but the fatigues the crew iind troops underwent in fo long and troublefome a \ oyage, in the depth of wii^ter, could not be otherwife than cxcefiive, and they arrived in a deplorable (late. Every one without exception was infedled with the Scurvy, fo that at the time of their arrival at San D/'egOy two of the men were already dead of that diftemper, nnd the greateft part of the crew, and half the troops, were confined to their beds, only four of the failors being able to do duty, who were afiifted by the remainder of the troops in working the VefleL The San jhttonio, having failed a month after the San Cariosy had the good luck to make her paflagc in 59 days, and arrived at San Diego on the nth of April ; but half the crew were equally infeded with the Scurvy, having loft alfo two men in that diftemper : in the midft of thefe troubles there was great joy at their meeting. After mooring the San Carlos in a convenient place, the attention of the Officers was immediately applied to the care ol' the fick. Th c ( ) The flrfl bufiiuG \v;i3 to l'>ok (v.it for W.UCIUii place, ill order to till the c.ilks with ^^.^od water lur the life of the People ; for w hicli parpofe, (-ti the I i^ or May, the Oificcr.s, D^// Pairo /^r-t/, /> 7/ A/..' vc' Cc/7..v;/w, Qy and the fccoiul Captain of the Sj/i Ci!rIo.>, Don Ji Efiorace, with the Soldiers and Sailors tluU were nioil able to underi^fo the labour, to ihe number of twentv-hve men, dilcnnlxnkcd, and keeping on the Wtllern flxvar ot the Fort, ililcovercd, at a little dilhmee, a company of InJiium armed with bows and arrows, to w honi thcv made li^n^ wit 11 a white ^^.'^^ eallinii, them to make peace; but the IfiJij/n, meaiuring their pace bv tluit of our [>eople, would noi fuffer us to get nearer to them, for more than halt an hour, neither could our men get on faller, a.^ they had, by being luch a long time on boaid, m lomc mcafurc lofl: the ulc of their lcg^. The hidijns riopped now and then, upon lome luight, to obfervc our people^ and plaiidy ihewing- figns of fear of the (Irangei^, though they feemed to endeavour to hide it. They pLiced cwi: end of their bows on the ground, and, taking the other end in their hand, they danced, turning round w ith incredible celerity ; but on the approach of onr men they fled with the fame fwiftnefs. At length wc contrived to draw near them, bv fendins; a fincrlc Soldier, who laying* his arms upon the ground, and ufuu^ gciluresof peace, was permitted to approach them. He made them fom,e prcfents, while the relf of our men were coming up, who alio recommended themfelves by prefents of ribbands, Kads and toys, alking them by iigns where water might be got. The Indiana then making 1 ■M,,i...4: * ( «6 ) ni.ikinr: iiiins towards a wooil, at a dillance to the NK, L;avr rlR'in to iiiid'jiAaiul that there \n as a river, or lnv>ok, aiul that they would fhew it them. Thev tlien rr.i'. ellcd ahout dirce leagues, when they e.inie !>> the h.iiik>> ot .i ii\tr boitlered on Ixith Tides by w illow ^ and poplar riees very full of leaves ; the river was aUnit twentv vards wide, the water runninir into .i eieek which, at hiL;h water, wouUl receive a launch, i.'id HKule ii convenient for \\ aterhm'. Ainc»ng the trec^ were a variety of flirubs and fweef rnielhiu; plants I'^i^ h as rofemarv, Ivj^v. and role.-, ' aiul ahn\-e a.ll a cifeat quantity of wild \'ines, which ar tint U.ilun ^\ere in flower. "Hie face ot the country \va> pkaiant, and tlie IukIt, near the hanks c>\ the ]i\er Ivenied to l)e an excellent loll, and ca[vihle of produciii'^- all lv)rt,-. ot truit.^. I'he ri\er came trom \crv hi^h Mountains, in a fpacit)u.. channel which turned to the Mart a:id NIC ; and alx)ut a nuilket ihot from it, tiuvard.-. the nvnintains, they law a town, or Rii/w/jcru, of the liuh.iLs, which appeared to he conipofed oi branches t»t tiees and huts in a pyr.m^.i^lal rorm, covered with e;irth. At the light o^ their rlicncK, with ilu^ company tliev br(>u::hr, r.ll the pio-p'e, men, women and childien, omt^ out, iii\:rin- the ^:\vA\> to thnr hoiifes. The \V!)mc:i we:e decent!y cl-arhed in their manner, beuuj- co\cJ'e(i : ^o!i;^^ U' k'.ali'i.;. < 17 ) covered from the waifl to the knees with thick nets doubled. The Sfyaninrds entered the town, which con- tained from thirty to forty families. On onu fide of it was obfervcd an inclofure,- made with boughs \\\\<\ trunks of trees, in which, they gave us to uiulerllantl, they took Ihclter from their enemies when attacked.— A fortitication impregnable to fuch arms as were in ufe among them. I Thefe Natives are of a good fize, well made and active ;, ihcy go naked, without any other cloathlng than a girdle, like a net, of Ixtle or very fine Pita^ which they get from a plant called Lechugullhi ; their Quivers, which they flick between the girdle nnd the lx)dy, are made of Wild - Cat, Coyote, Wolf, or Deer Ikins ; their Bows arc two yards long. Befides thefe arms they ufe a fort of Macana of very hard wood, the form of which is verv like a ihovz and crooked Sabre, this they throw at a diftancc, cutting the air with great violence ; they can {q\\(\ it farther than a ftone, and never go into the fields without it ; if they meet with a Viper or other noxious animal they throw their Macana at it, and gene- rally divide it in two pieces, as the Spa?uards faw during their intcrcourfe with them : in their nature they are proud, rude iii manners, avaricious, great jokers and boarteis, though of little courage. They make great account of their ftrcnsfth, and eflccm the llron-jjell: man the bravefl. They arc eager for any rags ; but after F cloathiivg i ) ( js ) (.K»;h1ihil; mnnv of thciii, oii cliitu-fnt occnilon;, the next il.iv tlic'v alw.ivs npjHMicJ n;;kccl. 'rhcir ..iv III the C'ouiitrv Deer ami Wild II ()<'' niinv II U'e Kahbit i^- » Si]uinvl>, Wild Cats and Rat ■ihiindauct' of Riiiolcnc' Quails, i.arks Scnf'.ullcs Starliii-., C'.irdmals awA Chupiwiirl^'^ \ Jackdaws, Crow ^ tii'l Spam^w-IIawks ; Akatraccs, Seagulls, Diver.., and '1*1 ' l'!"i Sta birds of pny. i here is no want ot IMiek.. and Ci'eeir, mdiijeivnt ihris and li/cs. There i> a variety o\ bi{h, the bell i> the Sole ^ and the Floiinder, nhui'i, btfide.> Ixin^j, of an excellent flavour, are of a laroe u/e, w eiL;hinc,r t',orn fitteeii to twenty poinuL^. In rhe month, of julv and Aiiguft you may take P.oiuto^ •l pi'.iliire, in any quantity: all the year roi nd tiicrc .^leWIntings/' Bi/rc^^ios, Maekrel, Lam])reys, Th.^rid^acks, Mul'(]e>, and Shell-liih of all foits. In the v, inter they have Sardma ,, in a^ great plenty as on the C\)ill ■A (Julirui and yhunuontc, I'he principal food of the }nji,>^:y \\\\\ inhabit the Iboar of this Port, is tlfli ; tb.ey r.ir niueh Shcll-lifh, upon the account of the caie with \^hich they o;ather them. They uie l^oats made of liig.-, which they manage dextroufly with paddles, or c:irs \ ( ii,id<;s* ^'<•:•^(lu^ls, MlkIkis Licbif-, Coiii'fv, A:ii!lhs, C-..t:os 'r()ir..],.s loii.aa:;, 1:1^, Coilorivi-s C: !..n.;-:i-, Si-oit'-s Toriin^, f.iu!(n,i\. y Chup.iiulrtc.j, (.ia>':. Cma^-. y (J:.v:!..ni , AL,iria.c», Ci.il'ior.i', jju/c;-,. 1' I I A II. ;l. lilt), y l.i S, '':!;;. .*'(!' ■, Jj'.; «. i\ 1 i.c:.*: . P--.V • M.^iKOs -J., ir...i.. (. r]'..i.j'. ( "^ ) rii, With two hl.ulr>; tliui flh-'jii--; niv of u'oou, ion- •lul poiiitdl with vriv Ih.irp hoii*-, h t into tlic wood: '^^'.^ •''^" ■'»» *k\rh)u. 111 tliiouiirj; ihcin, that thrv t.ucU ^u^^ tlu'u iiiaik. n..\ iri!^ fourul a wntnin^ place, ihc .V/'./'Z/^/.'v/j- returned «'U htMid: atul a- the \\li(l> were a j^ood dilhmcc from thf Cuck into which ihc Kiv( i- fell, the two Captains, i) 'i l-:.\n:i i'tiii aiui l).?i Juj/i Prrc^^., determined to ^*> I a; ne.if it a^ they could, to lave LihoLir to tlic iHiai in ni\\ iii*^^; th.e tiimciuv; hul thi > was ilone with UKich ditiiciiltv ; bccaui'e the the lick f ncrcai'ed dailv, \o that the niolt atliictcil k' to woik. Nv\.r the bcaeli, towards tlic Eafleni part, a fmall j'lelohirc wa- matie, with a parapet of earth and talcines, which was mountc-d with two guns, and lome ot the lail-, and awnini^^ Were liiided, with which two large Tent^ were made, for an Hotpital ; they put on one 1;de tlieir things, the two Officers, the Mifiionaries and the Sur«j:eon ; and every thiiiLi; beii)9; in order to receive the lick, they were brought on fhoar in the boats, and accomodated in tfie roomii as conveniently as tiiey could i-e. I > riieu : ttcntion.> were not however fcdficieiit to rcffoie ':ui;- h.L.lth, nudicines and frefh proviiions \vere wantuhi, ■ ncc.l hinilclf, as nuRh a, tlu: lick, riikliiiLi, In; was almoll ovitomhc with tlu- iamc tiiiUinjH'r a., thtinlchcN. I'hc coKl was tVlt icvt-rcly at niglit ill the hariaeks, and the iiin hv day; thai iris vvhieh caiilul tlic lick to liitier cxtreiiielv, two or three dying tAcry day, {k^ that the number appomred f»n t!ie Expedition, whieh w a^ orii;inally more than ninety men, was reduced to ojily eight Soldiers, and as many Sailors, in condition to attend to the [)reler- varion ot the Veliels, the management of the boats, and the care of the Block-Iiuufe and the fick. There was no news of the Land Ex}x.dition, tlic environs of the Port were examined ; they had learehcd tor the track of Ilorfes feet, but had not dilcovered ■:^\\y^ nor could they account i^-^^ the delay ; but on the '4tli ot May, the Indiahs informed lome Soldiei*b, who Were on the Pi^ya^ fome men armed like tliem were coming from the Southward of the Port ; and they explained \ery well by figns, that they travelled on Iiorleback : all were much rejoiced at this new s, whicli was ioon found to be true, by the firtl party ccMiiing 111 light: the Spduuinis \\\\\\\.c,i\ each other with a teflive volley of mulketry, Ihewing afterwards, by their voices and embraces, their mutual latisfadion, as both parties hopea \\(,\\ U) tnid a reciprocal relief in their neceliities. All i-hc ncii by Luid airi\cd liife, aeitlicr luid they onc- lick, ( 2' ) fick, after a march of two months ; but they were at half-allowance, having no more provifions than threa facks of flour, of which the allowance was two cakes • a day for each man. They reded that day near the quarters of the Tick ; got a fupply of provifions, to recover their Arength ; and the Officers thought proper to move their quarters near the river, which had not been bcfure done; becaufe it was not judged prudent to divide their fmall force, which was employed in guarding the Vel^'cls and the people on fhoar, having attention ai the fame time to the greater convenience and quicknels oi communication ; not to fatigue too much the men who rowed the Launch, as the want of beads of burden, obliged them to employ men, for what was to be done on ihoar. They then all moved to the new camp, which was pitched a league more to the North, on the right of the river, upon a rifmg ground of middling height, where more care could be taken of the fick, whom the Surgeon, Do/i Pedro Prat, never left, and attended with the utmoft kindnefs : But finding they did not get any better, and that in all likelihood the two PackeLs could not fail for want of men, it was ferioufly thought of fending one to San Blasy with letters to inform the Viceroy, and the Vifitor-General, of the date of both G Expeditions. ftrtilltn. ( 22 ) Expeditions. Don Jtdan Perez, Captain of the Cliief VciVcl, was named for that purpofe; Don Ficc?jie yUa rcfolviiig to remain at San Diego till he received frcfK orders, and the flipply of men neceflary to execute what his luperiois Ihould determine on. The Packet Boat was unloaded ; part of the car-vo was carried to the camp, and the remainder on boat 1 the Sj/i Curies; every thing was prepared, and, when lull- ready to fail, the Governor, Do?i Gafpar de PortrJu^ cirrivcd, on the 29th of June, with the Second Party of the Expedition, under his Command. Me enquired into the ffate of affliirs at Sa?i Diec-o,, and being very defirous that the expedition by fea Should have its full etfea, he ottered fixteen of the men under \\\^ command, to Don Vicente Vila, that he m-ht proceed on the Voyage to Monterrey, But, as there was not one failor ainong them, Plla could not accept the orFer, efpecially as he had loil: all his Officers, viz. Mate, Boatl'wam, and Cockfwain of the Launch, without having any men left tit to fupply their places. The Governor confidcring that the unlucky accidents tint had happened to the Veflels, ought not to prevent his proceefiing on liis marcli to Monttrrev by land, as all his Soldiers, and the reil:- of his pco[)le, were in ^oocl health, and that in his divifioii he had 16^^ Mules- laden with piuvifions, reckoning alio the fupply he expe<"'^e(l Hi ( H 1 ^\ M wpeaed m the Packet Boat caUed the San ijofeph^ which, according to advices received from the Vlfitor General, muft be on i\^8 Voyage to the fame place ; he rcfolved, notvvithftanding that Port was at fo great a diftance, to continue his march, in qucft of it, without delay, for ftttr of having the paflage of the mountains that lay in thek way blocked up by fnow, foi^ they kne\*, by experience in this very year, that much fnOW had fallen even at San Diego^ the mountains of which were feen covered with fhow, by thofe who came by fea, in the month of April. With this intelligence the Governor haftcned his difpofitions, and propofed to the two Officers, Dof2 Pedro Pages and Don Miguel Ccjlanfo^ to follow him with the Soldiers that were able to march, which at that time were only (ix : the Oflicers agreed to his propofal : and, after having made a report to his Excellency the Viceroy, and to the Vifitor- General, of every thing that had happened, and what had been agreed upon till that time, the Packet Boat, San AntoniOy failed with the Difpatches on the 9th June, her crew con- iiAing of only eight men. There was left at San Diego the guard, which was judged fufficient, fornhe fafety of the Miffion, and of the fick, with the Surgeon, Don Pedro Prat, to continue his care of them ; there was alio left a fufficient number of Horfes and Mules for the fervice of the whole; and, in order to eftabUfli the new Milfion, there likcwife remained '"•'-m:. J X \ ( 24 ) remained the Reverend Fathers Fr. junlpero Serrn^ Fr, Juan Vizcaino and Fr. Fernando Larran, although the ilri>, obhged to fufpcnd his journey on account of wcaiincls and fatigue in the former journey, waited for a paflfage hy ka to Mo?tterrr\\ \n hich place he had chofcn for his refidence ; and the Reverend Fathers /)-. Juan Crefpi and Fr, Juan Gomez followed the Expedition in its Courlc. They left San Diego the 14th of June of that year, 1769. The two Partys marched in company ; the Commandant ordering it fo, on account of the number of liorfcs and bcafts of burden, as thofe, with neceflarics and provilions only, which were thought requilitc to feed all the people for fix months, in order to provide againd any delay of the Packet Boats, amounted to one hundred ; though it was reckoned next to in im- poilibility but one o\' them, at leaft, mud arrive wjtliia that time at Mont en cy. \i\ their marcli they obferved the following order : at the head of them went the Commandant, \\ ith rhc Officers, the fix Volunteers of Catalonia^ which were c,'^; at Sa7i Dic9^'\ and fomc fiiendlv Luiians^ with fh ) tiiat bell: cam ami ilcfcrN c the p.:\ of ih-- Ai^unTv MiMi.irch they rci\c. It mull be CDiinderctl, that the ilaily niarciics of thi> Paitv, could not be loii<'; with iueh a train, aiul i> many incumbrances, through unknown count^ie^ witiiout rvxi'ls, without reckoning other caule>, which lonie- times obliged them to Ivalt, and to encamp e:irlv : l!)i example, the ncccflitv oi cxnlorimr the countrx', daib.' to regulate the vlilhuices bv the waterin''- nlace^, takin., in consequence the ncccflary precautions, letting out in the afternoon, after havins; eivcn w :Uer to tb.e IvmHs at that lime, from the certain information that, in the next march, they nn)uld tind none, or little water, and a Iciircity of pall u re. The rcAincT davs were regulated bv tlie neceflltv, every fourth da\ , more or lels, according to extraoixlinaiy fatiiiiue, occalioned bv the rouiihiieis v.{ the roails, lab/our of the Pioneers, or the lli-a^jolinu; c^f the bealls which h:ippened 1eldt)m amongll the 1 lories, and were to bo Tou'dit after bv their track. At other times upon account of the lick, which, as we advanced, increafed in numbei-, owinir to tlic Q;reat fati^iuc, and t-.) the cxceflive lieat anl cold thev luirLretl, w hich took awav their lh-enj,th. Kut the greatell riUjuc, and tb.e word Enemv In thcie I'xpedition,^, is tron\ ib,c Ix ill^ themieUe.- •, Thele creature^, In the ni.jit, verv e.u";l\ t/ke iViidit in a llraii'ie countrs' : ll ( ) It is lufiicient, para dur Eihniplda (the phrafc mia m this country) to fee a Cwir, ' a Fox, a hird v\ hich \x\\]c< flying, or the duft driven by the wind, to llnkc a paiuck, a . to make them run many leai^ues, prccipi- tatnig thcmfelves down prceipiees and into Roeky Phiec. beyond the power or^ human dihi^enee to iloj) t!icm. It is then an immcnie Kd^our to eolkcl thtni a^ain, not always poiiible to he done, and tViOle that are not killetl, arc oUen Limed io a,-, to be uielel';. for a Ion-' lime. m %■ But this Expedition did not huVer anv confulerablc delay by thefe aecident>, owiir^ to the great e.ire and vigihuice that was conllantly taken; th(va^h the beall;* did fometimcs take tVight, no piejudiee arolc from it, as it was alwa^'s of Ihort duration. In the manner that I have deferibed, the SpiUi!jri/.r performed their marehc-., travcrfiiiLi; immenle eountrie>, more plealaiit, and more fertile, the larther Northu. nd; in 2:eneral. inhabited bv irreat number?; o\' hhiij/is, who came out to reeeive them, and lometimes aeeompanied thcni tVom one phiee to atioth^r, being a friendly and quiet people, elpeeiallv trom Sjh Du'c^o toi-u.;rd. Tl'^ mofl: fpriiditiv .ind \W(A\ indiiArious //.;//j7r arr thofc fhat inlui^^''' the iilr.nd., and the Co;iil of tb.c Canal o( Scintii lui'-r.irii \ they live in town-, and tiiei;- lunii'es arc in a fpheiieal form, nearly in the {'une i^f of a liilf-(jran-e, covered with !!.)•,>, they h.i\^' t'le.'n or" f.wenry ( »8 ) twenty yards in diameter: every hoiife contains three or four flimilies ; the fire-place is in the middle, and in the upper part, there is an air-hole or Chimney to carry out the fmoke. Thefe people in no way contra- dic^tcd the affability and friendly behaviour that the Spaniards experienced in former times, when SehajVum Vizcaino vifited this Coall : Both the men and the women arc of a ^ good fize and appearance, delight in painting their faces and bodies; they wear'' -rcat plumes of feathers, and little bands in their hair, \^iili \arious ornaments, fuch as bugles and coral beads of various colours. The men go entirely naked, except in cold weather, in which they wear lon^ cloaks made of Otter (kins tanned, and another iort made of tlic fame Ikins cut in long pieces, vvhich iluy twifl in fuch a manner that all the fur keeps outward, they then weave thefe pieces together fo as to form a web, and give them the twlft beforementioned. The women arc more decent, having a cln^urc of deer Ikin about their waills, xshich covers them before and behind below the knees ; they wear a loolb coat of Otter Ikin. on their bodies, neatly made ; it is thcv who weave the balkcts and veliels of different ibrts, niadc of reeds, in a great ^ariety of beautiful fhapes, accordui-. to the ulc. tor whicli they are defigned, either to ca^ ofl, to drn.k out oi, or to keep their leeds in, and for rt.er purpolc, as thele people are ignorant of the uic oi ^^^ ,vhKh the Indians of San Diego make ule ol. ^ Th( "k W I The men make beautiful Bafkets » of wood, ftrongly inlaid with coral or lx)ne, and large veflcls with narrow mouths ^ which have the appearance of being turned in a lathe, and could not be more neatly hollowed with that machine, nor made of a form more perfed; they give to the whole a polifh that fecms to be the work of an able artificer. Large veflels to hold water are made of flags, very ftrong, and pitched on the infide, nearly in the form of our earthen jars. To eat the feeds, which they ufe inftead of bread, they firfl: toaft them in great troughs, '^ throwing among the feeds fome pebbles, or flints, heated red hot, they then keep the trough in motion that the Iceds may not burn, and, when they are enough toaftcd, ihcy grind them in ftone mortars ; fome of thefe mortars are very large, and as well worked as if done with the heft iron tools. The patience, perfeverance and labour employed in thefe works deferve admiration : I'hey arc fo much valued amongft thcmfelves, that when the makers of them die, they are hung up over their graves to preferve the memory of their ability, and application. They bury their dead in the towns : the funerals of their Chiefs are performed with much pomp, raifi ng over the bodies exceflive high poles, on which they hang variety of utenfils and moveables which l)clongcd to the deceafed. They alfo put up large boards of iir, with vanttv • Batcas. The Didionarics explain 5f;j, 7ioi'^h<^ iS^c, * Ccirados dc voca. \ J ( 30 ) variety of paintings and figures, whereon they explain, no doubt, the great adions and prowcls of the dccealcd. A pluraHty of wives is not allowed ; only the C hiefs have the right to marry two. In all the towns were fcen a particular fet of men, who lived in the lame manner as the women, and kept company with and drefled like them, adorning themfelves with beads, ear- rings, necklaces and other ornaments ; thev fecm to be held iji great cftcem among them. The want of an Interpreter did not permit us to afcertain what clafs of men they were, or to what minilhy they w ere deilined, though every one fulpeclcd Ibmc defccl in the fcx, or fome abufe among thole Gentiles. In their houfes the married people have their beds apart, on platforms railed above the ground ; their matreflcs are only fimple mats of rulhes ; tiieir pillows are the fame rolled up at the head of the bed; all thefc beds are furroundcd with mats, which ferve for decency, as well as a protedion againfl the cold. » Thefe Imlians are very expert In building Launches, u hich arc formed of planks of fir ; Thefe are from eight to ten 3'ards long, including the projcding part, and one yard and a half broad, in the middle- there is no iron ufed in bnlldnig them, they having but little knowicdgc of th:u metal; they fix. the pianks one to another, working holes, u ith au-urs from diftancc to djibncc, about an inch from the cd-J makiuLf o ( 3^ ) making the holes in the upper and under plank tn corrcfpond, ufing the fuicws of Deer to tic them together, pitching and caulking thr Teams, and paintincr the whole with gaudy colour.^ ; they manage rluni with dexterity, and go out to Tea to fifh in them, with three or four men, being capable of carrying eight or ten. They ulc long oars with two blades ^ and row them with i/icredible fwiftnefs. Thefe people arc acquainted \\ ith all ways of catching fifh, with which tlicir Coafls abound, as well as thofe of San Diego, as we faid before. ::| They have communication and commerce with the people of the I Hands, from whence they get their foral Beads, which pals as money all over thefe countries, though they feemed to fet a greater value on the Glafs Beads, which the Spaniards gave them, offering every thing they had in exchange for them, fuch as their '' Platters, Otter-lkins, cups and plates of wood. They value above all things a razor, or other cutting inflrument, the ufe of which they admire more tlian Flint, being highly pleafed in Iceing the ufe made of the axes and hatchets, *" and the fiicility with wliich the Soldiers cut down a tree for firewood, with thofe inflruments. They are alfo great hunters ; To kill Deer and W'lKl - Hogs they make ufe of admirable dexterity: They prelcrve tlic ikin of the head, and part of the jueck, • IJfan rcmoi largos dc do3 palosi '' B.iic,u. * MacUco^ cj^ Paranpi. ( 32 ) neck, of Tome of tlicfc animals, fkinncd with creat c:\rcy leaving the » Ncck-boncs flicking to the ikin, which thty fill again with'^ grais or flraw, to prelcrve its form ; thcfe they put on their heads, and go to rhc mountains in this curious drels ; w hen they fee any Deer, or Wild Hogs, they drag thcmfelves along with their left hands, in their right hands carrying a bow and four arrows, moving their heads in imitation of the animals, by which means they get near them, and, at a (hort diftance, let fly their arrows with a fure ftroke. Arpong them w ere fecn fomc pieces of broad-fword« Mades, iron and fragments of worked filver, which, though but little in quantity, raifcd the curiofity of the Spaniards ; and afking, by figns, from whence the'fe things were procured, The Indians fignified, from within land to the Eaftward : and, though New Mexico is very diftant from them iji that diredion, it is poffiblc that from hand to hand thefe things may have reached them, from that Country. Their Language is fonorous, and of an cafy pro- nunciation ; it was the opinion of fomc of the Spaniards, that it had a certain affinity with the Mexican, becaufe the L and F were frequently pronounced, as is the cafe in the Me>:ican, but thofe who are acquainted with the Mexican, may judge better by the following ^vords : Wordi * Sus Llavcs, • . * Sucafx Q ro ) Words; Meaning in SpauiJJj. Enqltjh. Kucel'Uf La Cave z a Head Ktji(J:€y El Pccho Bread Huiichiija > La Ma no Hand ChiplH Uy El Codo Elbow Focbolby El Sobaco Armpir FoiiononiO » El Mullo Thi^h PiJIocu, La rvotiilla Knee Kippejue, La Picina Leg yichme. El Pic i'oot 'Tomol, Lanclia, u Canoa Launch, or Canoe Apa, Ranchcria Hamlet Fcmiy Capitan, 6 Principal Captain, or Chiet" Amo, No. No Numerical \\^ord 5 : Tacay One Excd, 1 WO Mafej ay Three Scumuy Four • Ttipacay Five 71ixco , Six * Ttima fgc. Seven Mdlahua, Eighi Vpaxy Nine Kcrxco, Ten T'tU'. the Caiul of Santa Bar/hira forward, the Count • is not i'o much inhabited, nor the people io induflrious, luit tluy are equally affable and inoifenlivc. K r\u ( 3* ) The Spatnavds travelled, without obftrni^ion, to the Sierra de Santa Luc'uu which mountain they paflcd with much difficulty : at the fall of this Mountain on the North fide, is the Port of Monterrey ; according to the old accounts between the Points de Finos and de Anno- Nuero : the Spaniards got fight of thofe Points on the ift Odobcr 1769, and imagining they were arrived at the end of their journey, the Commandant difpatched the explorers to reconnoitre the Point of Pines * in the vicinity of which lyes the Port^ in 36? 40' North Lat. but the flight aud equivocal marks given of it by the Pilot Cabrero Bue/w, our only Guide in this expedition, and the nature of this Port^ which ihould more properly be called a Bay^. being ppcn (like that of Cadiz) not naturally anfwering the idea, which will be formed in reading the remarks of Cabrero Bueno, nor in the Latitude, which he makes to be 37? All thelc perfuaded our Explorers to imagine that the Port muft be farther to the Northward, fo they returned to the Camp, which our people occupied, with intelligence that the Port they were in (earch of,, was not to be found where expedcd. They had at that time feventcen men fick of the Scurvy, the feafon was advanced, the care to feed and watch the hearts, to load them, to guard the camp, and above all to reconoitre and explore the Country, required more people than they could mufler in condition for thofe Services : fo that the Commandant, . being P- inoi. i I h I ( 35 ) being cloi.btfiil how to acl, whither to w.iit till fomc vclTcl might arrive, or to pr()eeecl on his niare'i in il n h of the Port of ALn:crrcv, in doino- v.h'.cli lie nuiil r.ilx into confideratiun the diffieultie.^ tlu-y mi:(l have ti- ut- couiitcr, and not carinir to truli en.lii.ls' to lii . own judgement, determined to call a Couneil orOihetis, wIk> were nnanimouily, with himfelf, of opiniofi to proeied, finee if they did not leaeh the 7-o/7, to nliu-h the vcliel-. were to go, witli the provifions and neeeflaries tor the cih^hlilhrncnt which ouirht to be made at il/^///K)icd the Country, they were to pnfs through to get to Pu.'Uii de los Revcs, which was iiiterfcdc-d with new Creeks, with a fcarcity of pailure and of wood : having alfo confidered the uaccitainty oi the information, and the difagreement in the opinlinis of the Explorers, the Commandant, with the approbation ot the Olficerc;, rcfohcd to return to Punt a iL' Piun-^ in hope> of fnidnig the Port oi Monterrey^ and there of meeting the Packet-boat the San Ji^f'ph, or the Sju AnlGuio^ in c)rder to get a fupply of neceiiaries winefi wcje mueh wanted, as only a few facks of flom remained of the provifions they had procured at San Digt of whieh they fer\ed a (hort aUowancc daily to each man : with their powder and (hot they fupphed, in U>me degree, e\ ery other want, finding plenty of game, :\]n\ wild dueks and »jeefe which extraordhiarily abound in that Country in tiie Winter. On rhe i itli of Nv)vembcr they began their retreat, m feueh of the harbour of Monterrey. They arrived at the laid Port, and Punta de Pinos, on the 2Sth of NovernlxM- : tney remained in that ibtion till the loth of December, without having iccn any veflel in all that time, being then in want of provifions, and the Mountain in Santa Luna being covered with Snow, the C\)mmandant Don Gafpar dc Porto/a was obliged to continue his retreat to San Dif^o, leaving to a fitter opportunity the com- ploition of the enterprile. L The ( 38 ) The Spaniards \\\ tliis rcti cat itcrctl fc ilv ciicounccrcti lomc ■\ikl diftrcfs, their provifu)!!-; being all coiil'umccl ; and the loFin; marches that ncccOitv obliged them to make, to reach San Dicgo^ did not permit them to hunt fm game, neither did it abound equally in all part^, f() that KWcy were obliged to kill twelve of their mules, for food to their men, until they got to San Dic^o^ at which new Settlement they arrived, all in good hcallli, on the 24th of January, 17/0. ( H They found their little edifices in good ftatc, enconi- paflcd with a palifade made of trunks o't trees, capable of making a good defence in cafe tif necellity, and fevcral of the Soldiers and Sailors, left there in the prececdin*- year, perfedly reccnered ; but the greatefl part of tholti that had been infcd^-cd u:tk the Icin-vy drring the vovai^e, were dead. The Rct-erend Father, of the Mdilon were recovcrlncr of the common dillemper, as was alfo the Sui^ch.i° Den Pedro Prat, and Do?i VicaUt Vda\ for there'' \s'a. not a fingle perfon, concerned in the Expedition, u ho iiad entirely efcaped the contagion. There was at ^an Dicgo a quantity of Indian cOrn, Hour and {^i^^h, fuiricient for the maintenance of tJic yx'ople in the Fort for lomc month,., but on the arraiij of fixty guefts it was not to be expected that it ^^•oulc^ laO long ; and it u as to be feared, that if the Vcfiels dnl not arrive with the fui^])ly that was expected, they mi^ht i! ( 39 ) might be forced, by hunger, to iibaiulon entirely a conqueft, which^ though it had been very prolpercuis had coil fo much labour and To many lives. But, in order that they might noc be cxpolcd to iiich a niil- tbrtune, the Commandant ordered the Captain of the Fort of Cnlifoniia to continue the march to th.it Peninfulii with forty men, to coUcrccd to ftand in for the land, for want of water, they fell in with it in Latitude 35? when they ftood to the Southward in fearch of fome anchoring place, and arrived at Point Conception, in 34?' North Latitude, on the VVcllcrnmofl: part of the Canal of Santa Barbara, under ihelter whereof they watered, near an Indian town. Thel'e Indians gave them news of the Expedition by land, and told them, by figns not at all equivocal, that Grangers iiad paflcd, going to the Northward, and that tiiey had returned back towards the South, for want of provifions, riding on horfeback, which they exprefl'ed by mounting upon the calks which the failors had landed, uling the actions of a man on horfeback : they alio pronounced the names of fcveral of the Soldiers, who being known by the Seamen, Ihewcd plainly they did ur^t aceiJentally ufc fuch founds. Perez, Ix^ing convinced by thefe means that the Land Expedition had returned, which he VN'as not furprifcd at, as he knew that their provifions could not have lafled till that time, determined to hear away for San Diego to carry tb.c I'upplies ncceflary to enable them to proceed again on their march to Monterrey, This was tlic part it was neceflary to take, and t'hich in \ac\ the Commandant, Don Cafpar de Pcrtoln^ .!• id / ( 41 ) / did take, iiotwithftanding the fmall number of men he had with him to undertake a fecond time fo long a march ; but the knowledge he had acquired of the harmlefs difpofition of the natives of thole parts, and the hofpitality they had always fliewn to the Spaniards in their firft journey, took away all fufpicion on this occafion. The march being determined on, it was put in efPed on the 17th of April, 1770, with only twenty men, compofcd of Soldiers of the Garrifon, and Volunteers of Catalojiiay with their Officer Don Pedro Fagcj, The Engineer Don Miguel Cojlanfo^ according to orders hq had received, with the men that remained, embarked on board the San Antonio^ as did alfo the Reverend Father, Prefident Fr, Junipero Serra^ and failed on the 1 6th of April of the faine year. I'hey all arrived li\fe at Monterrey^ thofe by land on the 23d May, and the San Antonio on the '31ft of the fame month, and came to an anchor in the fame port and anchorage, in which, 168 years before, had ^^ the Squadron of General Fizcaino, fent, by the Count de Monterrey on difcovery of thefe Coafts, by order of Philip the Third. This Port, as has been fald, is in Latitude 36? 40' N. nt the fall of the mountain of Sanla Lucia, and on tlic North fide of it ; its principal fhelter is La M Pu/Ua 'm :k- ( 40 Ptffiia de Pinoi^ ftrctching (not NE and SW as dcfcnbcd. by the Pilot Cahrero Bueno) but NW and SE. And on the NE fide is the beft anchoring place, in which any veffel may come to an 4-> in 4» 6, or 8 fathoms, on a foft faiKly bottom, good holding ground, according as you are nearer or further from the llioar. La Punta de Pinos, which flickers the anchoring place from the NW, is quite furroundcd by rock^, beyond which is a beautiful (hoar, bordered with * towards the Eaft, turning prcfently to the NE, and North, towards a large Creek, which has different branches diflant from the flioar more than three leagues : the Coaft then turns towards the NW and Weft, where tlici foil is rich and cloathed with wood, fleep in Tome parts, to the point of Anno Nuevo, which terminates in the fea in 37? 3' N. Latitude, the Road being encom- pafled with land on all fides except to the NNW, which is the only part unflicltered. I'he Country bordering on this immenfe Bay, fcen from the fea, forms an agreeable proi'pedl ; for looking towards the South you fee the mountain of Sivifa Lucia^ jetting out in Ridges, ^ lower in proportion as they approach the fea Ihoar ; their tops, crowned with Pines, and covered with paftures, prefcnt to view a ma2:nlticcnt * Mc'Sinoi, Lcm;;£. '1 C 43 ) magnificent nmphitheatre, made more beantiful by feveral pbntations of Canes ^ which break the ground, and in- troduce a plcaling variety, and harmony to the fight. This For/ has no running dream, but there is water enough in a bottom, to the SE of the landing place, where the P/aya begins, In this place you may pafs dry, a Creek, only filled in fpring tides, running a conliderable way into tl^e Country towards the Eaft. I1ic low ground is very moid, and on that account produces plenty of grafs, and always keeps its verdure : by digging in any part of it, and opening Wells, good water may be got, almoft at th<^ furface, but it will be better if this is done a little farther from the fhoar; in any little cliannel, that are found there in plenty, many fmall fprings of excellent water will be difcovered. Towards the NE and Eaft, the Country fpreads into beautiful plains, which extend to the Mountains, with many little lakes in them, although the greateft number are of brackilh water, and, in fome, much fait is gathered. The Soil in general is fandy, but there are many- low gi'ounds of a rich foil, and to the South of the Port, at the diftance of two fhort leagues, there is a large Cane plantation, tl •'ough which runs the river called the Carmelo'\ f C«iaad^. ( u ) r. " ;;.v/ ' ; licie i> Ioiil'; ^rafs "* wliicli will ciitju;/ covov .1 u\Ai\ I'll lu>ik' ;u;k ; a pioot" ot the fertility ot tin- (oil (li.- pioiliiai.)!)., arc valual^lc, for there arc walnut, till c I'l \!i-l cl^.c: i\-[ivc^ like thole iii luirope ; blaelvheirie.-, vol--- ;.i.;lj'e^, aiKi v.VAd ' in all part^. Til the :n.^\^i•l^li^^ tlicre arc oak^, and holm-oak-, ■ ,ii ine.nt ire li/e, \v :i> Ji procUiee gooti aeorn-. a:ul \h\\c . \\\\\.:\\ pio.iiice nur> in riiv.inclanee. Alio wooJ^ ot Savir^, C^'sprcl"., , thou-ii flh are nor tiU. ii- Piiii'-iivd f)ovl, v.h:e]i tiicv (^dy recin ti> m a., ieaieitx of '.:.^ni', wlnJi i^ pLiirv m the iiueiior pa!a.> of ihe iv.ouiu. an,>, pailu.ulaiiy \n ild liog- aiul v.cLr. Theie. r.iountaiifu rs are very nunieron.., l-ut extremely t.-av t.d.)le :a\\ in-,Milnfe. e, .md n \ei \ih\l to ecur.e, tv) \iiit tlie .S/) ;•;/'.;■■^, a eonlivler.:hlc pi\ icnl of' airi( , which een.i-.dlv CvMifdled o\ two or t!ri\ e I )e.a-, o'- wild Mo-r, which lhc\ (Miercd, wailioiit all. .a. lo;. oi - cxnc:cliiii^, anv t'niia 'ii utvnn ; thi.^ !;>iod c.ip. cMoii has <:i\en th.e Rt^rend. Miiiion.MT- i^i'ea!. !'','•. ^h.ai \'rx\ m.v fpccdi^y luccccvl i;i con^crLCr t... .\ to V. hrnh iintw filii .'v.r./r.ilfi <' P roru.lCj. Nc' va In.cu.i. i .:>. '.not, ( 45 ) Flfli alvjund on thefe Coaf^s, not \cC> than In the Canal of Santa Bivbarn^ and at Port Siv: Diri^o ; young-Whales "" and Seals arc vvitlKnit number, and in time a hfhery might be cibblilhcd of the firil", m the VQvy Bay itfelf. '^ In this place, according to orders, a Fort was built, and a Miflion cflablifhcd ; which was named the MiHion of San Carlos ; every one co-operating with equal diligence and folicitudc. Soldiers and Sailors, ^^ ith their rcfpeclive Officers, in the humble beginning of that important fettlemcnt ; in which were included the particular con- veniencies allotted for the Miflionarys, and garrifon of the Fort ; and the other parts were then marked out, which were to be eredcd in future. They then houfed the cargo of the packet-boat, and the Commandant Don Gafpar de Poriola refolved to embark in it, with the Engineer Don Manuel Cojlanfo, leaving the command to the Lieutenant of infantry, Don Pedro Fages, as w a.-> ordered in his inflrudlions ; and, to aliill the foldiers in their labours, they left a reinforcement of nine failors, at Monterrey, The San Antonio fiiled from that Fort^ on the 9th Julv, 1770, and arrived happily at San Blas^ the I ft Auguft ; and the other packet-boat, the Sa^: dir/os, havin'i- afterwards arrived at the fame Port, returning from San Diego^ both j)repared to proceed on another Voyage, * B.i'ikii.itos. N (^46 ) \oN.\-c\ jn tlic next moTUh of No\'cnibcr, to comliKr U|v.i.ucls, by llu' mtivuM- (Kilph of CV/^r.'/j, and bv fhc Souifi sJa, 'niiityMiliicMiary.S ^vith a plciuitul Oock Pt p'.ovitioii^, Jivul..., nccci^ancs aiui nniamiMit-;, to pto- vuk toi the new tctllcnicnts (^t^ S.i;.' Lyirp;^ m<\ Monterrey, Willi tlicn rdjHaivc Millions, and lo cllaldil]\ (Others in the- tiuitt'iil Countiu>, ihar ucrv tnvcriai In' the people 'A ihc K^.nd i:\ptdition, \\yn\\ I'cJiccihi to the Vow. or .SV.v; F'JKCf/co, iituated m 3;- AS- ^ Uititudc, I Thu< ha\e the defiicd cRabblhrnetit.., of Sif^! t)ic:ro .aid M)fiurrn\ had then iucceistul beginnings and thu: mav we ttattcr omielves that the kcZV Million., yei to be founded, n\ay encrcalc, under the protcclion .uv] aulpice^ of hi-. I'^xccllency the Marqui^i lif Oo/.v, Vieeroy. Cn)\eiii()r and Captain Cicneral of this extenfive Empire, wluMe mild govLinment the fabjecb. applaud, and the towns aie grateful. This enteipnte, delired tov io many years, besiin maii\ tlm<.- with meat prepaiatioiK^ andexpenec:, will undoul^tcdiv be plealing to the augufl: Monaieh ot ^Sy^ii.v/, v\!i kingdom ll)0\v at tlic SW part, ami to the NR .irc Ihrcc uhitc Clif^ very clofc to the (ca, aiul oj^politc tlu! niultlK' niic, is an M'/ of the Sau \n Inch has a i^ood ciitraiicc, without any hrcakcrs ; witliin arc Fricnnly fridiatu, an a good maik to know it: here tlie Ship St, /Iwrufhi \\a. loft in 1595 0:1 difcovery, and the caufe ot her lof. wa^ more in thole alx)ard than by ftrcfs of wcathei- ; From this Puiid tk Jos Reyes to SEhS, about 14 leagues, the Land make; a Point, and the Land, before you reach it, i^ patches ot middhnii Land bare to the lea, with fnne abrupt citf, although ' prefently the Land 1^ bluff and full :- vutvo to the laid Point of the NW, Bluff Hi.'.'j \\u;: NW and SE 12 leagues, (learing dircvRly f 'r the pomr of it, on the NW part, you dell ly the Punt.: wide, llrrtdiiu': Ni: ' lri.(\.i l.i Uil'i.i Tui^M del Xorudu, ( 49 ) i' ■:) XE and S\V very much covered with Pinc-lrccs, ni before faid, and makes, near the South Point, a Spot of Cliffy which is a good mark to know it. To the NK Pufitii dc Pines makes a famous Pori^ and Clearing right in, you enter it, and may go towards the Ou)ar to 6 fathoms, all the Point and EfUrance is rocky, and ileariu ^ SE and Eaft till pafl all the rocks is a fdmous Br.7^HC Alr^u fcaUido en i.i Colli. Ircrupn, \\\ tlw Diot lonar V'duh '•'J, I ut inlilu 1 ( y !'• cvpl.iiucii 'humpct^ nrnl F.Up^-a nt' i.i.a t-f tn iipplicibic t \ tl a.u to nuau .. /^/fur Ikn stow hii., n. dt.\ri])iio;> III /V//, liQ it li' Mxw hcchu . ( 51 ) Liidrone Uands, except having no Sails, Thcfe IJ.mds extend in Longitude alx)ve 20 leagues, and between 7 hem and the Main-Land, is a very good fafe Fajage^ named C:!jial de Santa Barbard, Returning to the Main-Land where is the wood, there IS a Town, near the Ihoar, of Friendly Indians ; and as the Coaft Ives Eaft and Weft, there is not much lea on the (hoar, where Boats may land, and a Ship of any fize may tf-^ to relieve their wants. Following the Coafl: from NNE to SSW, with the Lajl JJland of the Fbur abovementioned, the Land makes a Ea-^ of clean Beachy to tlic end of a Blnff Land, which ftretches from NW to SE, and NE and SW with the fiid Ifland, it is named Punt a de la Converfion and is in 35? N? Lat. It is to be noticed that coming from Cape Mendocino in a courfe to make this Channel , you mull: be 6 leagues to Sea from that Cape^ and a SEbS courfe will bring you to the Cauai de Santa Barbara^ always in fight of Land, From Point Converfion, you proceed along the Coafl to the Eaft, above 10 leagues of » ragged Double Land upon the Sea, and the Coaft goes on, making a Bay of low Land near the Sea, and without fheltcr or '' reparo. From the Laf of the Tour IJlands, SWbS, is a fmall Jflot^ NbE and SbW with Point Convcrjion, and to the Eaft • De ticrra ufpcra, y iloblado a la mar. I reparo fcenu evidently to mean an cf-J jMacc, i 4:.*i i: fi \y ( 5^ ) il\ll or // about 5 leagues is n liltle liiirb Jfuwd, wliich '"^ J leagues in circuit, named Santa Barbara ; to tlic Kail ^f this //AW above 8 leagues, is another ^.W, lan^e and ' • 7 rt .*i • ' W I ^^i^''- '^ "1 circuit above 20 leagues, and it. grcarcil extent is NW and SE ; this Illand ha. many rcf^aroi on the i\E part for Iheltcr tVoru the SeaA\'ind', and It is veiy well inhabited with fricndh Pc^.plc ; 'I'h- MiUc o{ Ii is m j4? ; N? Ut. and it is named Santa Catkdiiui, to the Sbi^ of tin. Ifuind about 2 leagues, 1. One large and very hitdi uamcd .S". Ciemente, it is in leant ;;4-' N^' Eat. withm ail thele Jjluhh is a very good Paja^^e -md clean; the narn.wcil part of this Chan?icl is muu- tlKin 6 leagues, and the wiLfell ?ibove 10 bvues. ^ From Pr./AY a;/Lvvy.v.;7 the Coaft run> Eaft and W cii, above ^ka^u.^, of land veiy ra-gcd and double, and vwthout ,iny wood, till von reach ^ Point, which the 1 mu makes, llretching No::n and South witli i RlJ.rc of nvafi liciglu, bare a-top, w hr h at a diilanc- Icems an /'.v;;.', twnv ard tlic Eait part is a Bay, very good for (heltei t'-om N\\\ W and S\V winds, ,t is called 'ihi^ o( San Vcchn, ^'i^i 1-^ in 34;; N E.it. this Hay Lis x Little IiJaud, .'k1 here aie FricnMy Indians ; From \Syt Pornt v)f this R^' the Coai} runs NW and SE, to the Eatitudc of .;^ N ot nnddlingland near tlie Sea, and full oiPIaxas.W- Unne ab.upt 01:^}. Tins Coall h v.rv laf^ an^' clear trom :^b.,.d,; thee ,. here a R^d^e of J.and /.^c and Kr,-^ ^^iii'li cxicmls about a Icigue, {Iretchin^ NWV ax^A SSj.;] 'i' I I: ( S3 ) and going along the Coaft, at a diflance it appears an Iprid, and being to the Weft of // 4 leagues, it appears like zfVall, to the SE it is abrupt; » clofe to z Clif, is a very g(X)d Port, n^vnodi San Diego, whofc Entrance is North and South, borrowing to the land of the nniddle, and keeping half a league the Cliff', or Ridge, ^ to the North runs out from it a Point of large pebbles for .Ballaft, and near the Cliffy ths depth is 10 fathoms at high water, and borro\\'ing tq the Ridge behind the Point of PMlvs, or Ballaft, is a good cf^ place, with 5 or 6 flitliDms, fheltered from all winds, without exception, '^ and Sea ; and from hence the Pori runs in more than 2 Icnojues to the North and NNE, all with good Soundings, with 10 or 12 fathoms in the Eaft part, and to the NE flat and ftioal, with clean Beach, and within it are fome Creeks, which has the appearance of 2 or 3 I/lands; There is a ft ream of Tide in this Port, \\ ith Flood and Ebb, you may go in and out, with much facility and fecurity : Frcjl JFater is got to the ENE of the <^ in a Saridy Beach, on making ivclls ; It is in 34? N Lat. It is to be obferved that to the SWofthe Cliff ^i the Entrance, there is a great Ba?ik ofRock-wnd, "* there is nothing to fear from it, for it may be paflbd over without danger, for there is on it 12 and 14 fathoms, and then tlic Coaft runs to the SSW. To the SW of this Port, about 6 Jc ^gucs, • apiquc. * There is an obvious miftakc in the printing, the Original flaiiJs ** San Diego, que fc cntra, dc N, S, arriniantlore a la ticrra del medio, y •' toma media Icgua la Barranca, 6 Loma, al N ialt de cUa una Puntay" &c. * Ycrvafal. Sin ^(.urro ni ref.ic.i, "\^ y- ( 54 ) 6 loncriK-s, arc Three lilile Jjlands^ with f()mc very fmoll }'nra''u?jj\ llrctcliiii-:r N\V and Sl'l, Thcv arc called The JjJiind of Saint Man'in^ and it is a ^^oocl mark to kiu)\i yV//7 *S'.'/// Diego \ Sailing tVom thclc I(]')t; to Sl^b'-^, vou will fall in v\ itii a G'reat Bay, whivh the A/j/v /w?;:./ makes, and you go int*) it ESE and NNW ^ vov cl'v)je to thoar, are Hlvh Rocks '', all thn Cv); ll :. land very high and doiihle, \\ ithout wood. TIkic uv in tlv.^ Bay two Utile IjLinds in the Entrance,, dole to the SL part, you may pai'^ on cither tide of them, in g^jino; in ; '[\'ic Bciv iL, named T'fnl-ji los Siintos^ and it i,. i:\ full .,'2?N Eat. The Kc'jl IJlinJ has a Peak upon I:. .x[k\ the othei- //A/;/^'', wliicli is tlie outeimoil:, i. /*// like a T./A/V, and lliey arc a murquet-lhut apart; tn tlie Eaihvard of theie llainJs are SlVch or Ei'^hi little l'\.i\'i' :.s HI a /viv', ' running out fr.jm the M.vn-Land \ betu eea them and the llland^ y(Hi may lafelv paf^, and even run )oui- l)o,\\ Iprit on taem, tor it is every where \ ei v <^c,y\^ water; toUow ing the Coall Sl-^hS it u> double LurJ, and the C\vjf \ery clear of iho.d,., 'till \ ou ixMch a /AVr'// ///.. /■;./, a little high, not much lei'> than a le\'j;ue ui cncuit, witii a hieak in the hig!i part ot" It, It lia.V not any wood, auvi !> Uanud .S'. MlV-'cs^ it is in fcanl 32.- N Eat. ; fi-om // to the Man- Land i^ 2 le.i^uc-^, and you may wxll pals hetween, wulunit anv nlk. Take notice, that hom l!ie B.'y o\ J'd.s l^r S\ K/os to ^hi. /;/;//./, the C\ki1] makc^ loiv:c V :/as a!;d Bavr: pMrticc.kriv t'lM iv all.)? !>;, , 1^. I ( 55 ) k4\i i-, ! particularly there is one large ^jv of lo leagues, before you reach the Ifland S. ALvcos, it is iheltered from W, N\V, and N, NE, it is very plcafant '^ and ha^i a Pljya to the NNE, and tlicre is ro or 12 fiuhoms depth and clean, I'his Bay niakes a Qipe, jagged to the Sea, ^ on the Well fide, above this Grpe, the LiwJ is plain, and there are warlike and bold ///^/Va//; The ^^_y is called .S'. ^i/itin, the others are of little confequence ; From this Bciy to the faid IJlund, the Confl makes fome Points of hzv Land, and tlie Land within is high and double and navigating at 6 leagues to Sea, you range the Coafl: from NW by N to SEbS; in dcfcrying the above rjcind^ you will fee T'hree round Hummocks^ which appear IJlands^ to the ENE, but they are not ; for it is all Main-Laud : to the ESE of the Land of S, Marcos 3 leagues, the Land makes a low Poinf, of little more than I league extent from NW to 5E, and on the North part of it is a very good P}aj\ fheltered from N W and Wefl", and entering clofe to the Poinf, runs in a Creek to the 6E, there is 3 fathoms depth on a Bar, being got in, there is 6 or 7 to 8 fathoms, and you may water here, as it is gootl, and going to <^ in this i?/n', in 6 fiuhoms clean ground, you will find good water in \\ells ; There are many Indians^ Fifhermen, who are well difpofed and friendly to the Spaniards; It is called the Bay de las rirgines, it is in 31? ] N Lat. Returning to the Dirf^tiom ' SEbS 4 leagues to Sea you will go along ihir.ii", middliuo Land, and without any wood, till you reach * :'))a<.;b)v» ' cirfudn 4 Mivr. • a \\ Dcrrota- ( 56 ) reach a Ijltle IJlcnd named .S'. GcronymOy which has to the SEhE, detached ahovc a league from it, ^ lomj Shciils, on wljich the Sea hrcijks^ they arc virible at a difiancc, you may iafely pafs between them, and ih<; ALii;:'Lj?ul, for the Channel is 2 leagues, and 2 leagues more from the Ifland to the Land. This faid 7/Aw^ has two VtiviiUous on the SE part, clofc tt) the Ifland ; Jt is in 31? J N I. at. and flearing the forcmentioncd Courfo SEhS, pafiing 4 leagues to Sea of 6'. AJarcos Ijitud, you fill in with an //AW, of midling height, in fcant 31?^ N. Lat. detached from the Main-Land above 2 leagues. It h called IJJa dc Zenizas^ North and South with it, are fomc U/'g/j Tiihle- Lands y ^ very even a-top, abrupt to the Sea ; Tiicfe Navigators call Mejfas dc JiuiH GonieZi and they extend more than 10 leagues in Longitude ; at the foot of'T/jcfc, on the SE, is a Bav about Eall and Weft with this J/Iand, and it has fheltcr from ESE and SE to NW, It is called o. Fra7icifco, in it arc many Indians^ Fifliermcn. Proceeding from the fliid Ifland de Zciiizas SEbS, being in the offing, you will ftand for the IJlmd dc Ccrros, the middle of which Ifland is in 29? N I^at. It is an Ifland very high, full o( Hills and Hummocks, extending North and South, on the fide towards the Alain-Land^ and on that towards the Sea, NNW and SSE till you reach a high round Hill ^ with 2 or 3 Fandlons clofe to it, which is named Cnpc San AuguJIin^ and from this place the Ifland runs ENE : This IJhmd makes three Angles, or Sides almofl: Triangular, and on the NW part it makes a very .bigb round Hill, which looks like la tjual tione ilc l.i vanJa del Siicik quaita dc LoiU, dcfviado dc fi nus »U' uua U'gua ; ay imos Ba\i's, ^c. * Unas Mcirai dc tierra aita »l II ( 57 ) like an Umbrella ■ with two little Farallons clofe to it, mid from this IJland ^ to the Mnin-Land you go along theO^iiT: NNE 1 8 leagues, and to the £ij/7iev7r\ ticrra dc la Ilia pcciiiena. ; Balf.ii wm ^"- '^'T ( S8 ) a Rivulet of y/r/?> water ^ which comes down from a Gap * ; you may alfo get wood with great facility ; . fiiiling from this ff'iitefmg Place ** for Cape S. Lucas^ between the IJlands^ you are to go out to the SW, bclidcs the Channel is very wide, and you may go out as you pleafe, and if you chufe to go out between the little IJland and the Main-hand^ it is a good Channel^ liife as has been faid ; having failed out from the Ifland, you mud fteer SEbS one days fail, and then you mud Hand SE without any rilk, being 12 leagues beyond the lall Ifland, there is a very good Forty named ^S*. Bartholomew and if you look out for it, you will prefently fee it, for there is a little hare Hill^ which feems an IJland^ it is the SE part of the Port^ there is no zvater nor wood ; This Port is in 28? J N? Lat. Continuing your Courfe SEbS, making firft a days courfe of 25 leagues, you will defcry Land in 25? * N? Lat. where you will fee a high round Hill, like, an Island if you pafs " 20 leagues to fea of the j^breojos ; they are Breakers of Shoals, a little more than a league from flioar, and much out of our way, and they are in 27?'- N? Lat. ; In fcant 28? N? Lat. are two fmall Ijlandsy lying NW and SE with one another, about 2 leagues apart, that to the SE is named La Jjjfumfcion de Nuejlra Senora, this Ifland is low on the North part, and has two Farallons clofe to the IJland, this makes a firing of weeds, '^ which runs to the Alain Land, • de xi»a quclrada * dc efte Paiajc del Agi.a • call fcve vfintc Icguas a la mar de las Abrcojos. • tfia ccha una reilinga de ycrvai, 6 balfas c^uc feiu liafla la ticru fume. ■i ( 59 ) ^ k Lundy and on the North fide, in cafe of neceffity, you may pafs it without fear, and in mid-channel towards the Lafid you will have more depth, and the Paffage will be fiifer, for there is 6, 7 and 8 fathoms ; Between this IJland and the Main to the Eaftward of //, is a Great Bay iheltered from the winds at South to NW and SE,' and if you go clofe to the Ea/l part of the IJlandy between// and the Main, about a mufquet (hot, you may very well «f-^ in 18 and 20 fathoms of very good ground. There is much Fipj, fo that you might in a fhort time load your ihip ; ^ the Ifland which is detached at the NW part, is fmall and low, about a league in circuit, and has a good anchoring Place, and clean, on the-NE fide; you have nothing to fear in approaching the Ifland, for all that fide is good ground, on the fide of this o|-^ place, there are fome Farallons which the Sea waflics, between them and the IJland you may 4-^ without fear ; There are in thefc two IJlands immenfe quantities of Seals, large as Cahes ; to the Eajl of this IJland, on the Main-hand near the fhoar, amongfl fome Sand-Downs, "" digging icelh you will eafily gtifrejh water ; and a very little to the North within land is a Lake, in it is much and very good Salt, this IJland is called S. Roquc, the Indians are not very truft- worthy, it is in 27? 4^ N? Lat. which is clofe to d Brojos, ** there is a very good Bay named de Fallenas (Whale Bay) which is to the Eaftward, the Main-Land makes a Point abrupt to the fea, and far inland " is a Hill, ox High round Hummock y like a Sugar Loaf; and within this Point ■ abrcgada del vicnta fur, hafta cl Noiucftc, Sucfte * dcfapartado la Ula que cfta k la parte ^dc Noiucftc * me^junos dc arena. ** abrc o^os ii c. ofirn ejet, ' y muy cndma dc la ticrra, u dcatro X .) ( 6o ) Point Is the Bay, and dofc to it arc fome Shoah ; on the Weft fide is a low Point of Sund, where the Sea breaks ; it is a Shoal you dont fee ; 4 leagues beyond this Point are the Sljoals which are called Abre los Ojos, • and they are near the Main-Land; a little more than a league to the ENE are fome very high Mountains, which appear in three HHh very well formed ^ and amongft them are three others fmaller, from thefe Mountains run out fome high Cliffs from the in-land which reach to the Sea, and it is called the Land of Los Infantes, there is in this Bay a quantity of /f;6^/^j, which come to fifh, which are there in infinite numbers ; There are many afflible Indians, and good Friends to the Spaniards. Navigating by the Courfe beforementloned, you will not fee thefe IJlands, nor other Bays^ nor the Shoals of Abie hs ojos, unlefs you keep in (hoar, and fo we dont treat thereof: purfuing the Courfe from 2 5? J N? Lat. to tie SE of the Hill like an IJland, there is a />/tv, in the hrjo La?ui^ but according to report it is full of Shoals, from hence the O^^y? runs SEbE, and at 10 leagues from this Hill is d.n Inlet " 2 leagues wide, and within is a Ptrt verv well iheltered from all winds, it is named Bat a de la Magdalcna^ which is in 25? N? Lat. to know this Port there are the following Marks ; From the NW part the Land runs even, ^ and about a league before you reach the month oi tlie • i. c. Open your Fycs ^ Unas Scnanias inuy altos, que parcccn trcs Ccrros, niu} lucn cibvs, ' V(Ka. * corrc la ticrra parcja c muy bicn echo. ( 6i ) the Pc;7, there is above OUfl I pon the even Land^ ; H;7/, which, being to the SE of It, appears a Volcano^ very well formed, • there arc alfo Two Farallons at the En- irimce^ clofe to the Land^ which are vifible 4 leagues at Sea, to the NW of the faid Entrance^ and the Point that makes the SE fide alfo throws out a Reef, on which at a diftance you perceive the Sea break, and this Point is blutt l)are Land, and entering by this Mouth, within, to the NW, you will have a very fine o|-^ Place, fheltered from all winds ; there is neither water nor wood in this Bay ; to the SE you have more than 1 2 f ithoms water, where it makes another Bay named Santa Marina, which has a High Hill ^ bare to the NW, which it is reported makes a Chain oi Shoals to the SE ; this Bay is in 24? ^ N? Lat. It is a quarter of a league wide at the entrance, and has only 4 fathoms depth. I Returning to treat of our Courfe, being abreaft of the Bay of Magdalena, which is in 24? N Lat. , 4 leagues to feaward, ftearing SEbE you will get fight of fome High Hills named del Enfado, the NW part, the beginning of them is in full 23? [ N Lat. from hence you muft keep more to the SE, and you will continue to coaft Bluft Land to Cape San Lucas, where it goes more tapering ; ■ inuy bicn fccho. " Monro alto, y pelade dc la parte del Norucile, que dizcn ccha un rcftiuga dc Bajoi dc la parte del Sucftc. J ( 62 ) fapcnng ; •"» Ctipe San Lucas Is h)\v \..m(\, aiul makc^, before von reach it, three little llumvincb, ahuoil in a Triair-le, the hcil: rmirk is a white Sand- down, '' aiul on the lh(Vc\r, before you reach Cape San Lucas about a large league, is the faicl Sand-down^ they who mean to go into Port at this C\ipe, (houkl approach the faiti white Sand-down aiid coaft aU)ng, and preiently ynn will fee 'Three FaraJlons very dole together, white anil (dnupt, and you muil approach them, and from thence you muft ftand Nl-:, and prefently you will deicry the Bay of San Bernahe, w hich is beliind them, it is a very good Port and deep ; "" it is in 22?', N Lat. and yon muft cf-^ in the N\V part at a Beach ; to the NE of the Beach is a Carrizal, where is plenty of water, wood and ti(h ; it is a very good Port for Summer, but it is not fafe m Winter, for it is open to the SE and SSE. Sailing from this Port for Cape Corrientes on the Cruij^ of A-apuIco, you mull: fteer ESE 'till you fee T'hree JJIands, which are midw^ay, they are named Las Tres Marias, they extend NW and SE, and that to the NW is the larneft of all, and has a Farallon to the NW ; they are 40 leagues bttle more or lefs from Cnpe San Lucas, They are middling IJJands, well cioathed with wood, they have * clonde va adclgiiiando mas * Mogano de Arena bhmca * tjuc cs muy bucn Puerto, y hondable j ( 63 ) have much game ; * In Longitude 2II 'fijree Pit ten leagues^ from the SEknoft it is about 20 leagues to Cape Corrkntei^ They who mean to go from Cape San Lucas to tht yiands of Mazatlan, muft ftecr Eaft and ENE, and, if the Currents fet to th:* Southward, they (hould fall in 10 or I. I leagues to windward of the faid I/lands; to the NW are fwo fmaii round IJlandsj not very high, ciolc to the Main Land ; on the Eaft fide is a very gfKtdi cf^ Place, in 4 to 5 fathoms water, clean ; The beft way into this d^ Place is between the two IJlandsy many alcatrajfes and other birds breed on them: on the Eaft fide are fome white Farallons^ and to the SE of them runs in a very great Creek ^ *^ which is a very good Pori^ and in it is frejh water ^ and clofe to the ihoar there is much fijh ; the beft way in, for a large Ship, to the ef-> Place is between the IJiands and the Main Land; thefe Islands are in full 23? | N Lat. From thefe IJiands to Cape Corrientes there are many good Ports^ and confiderable Rivers difembogue. •" AH the Inhabitants are Spaniards, who have great Eftates. ^ ■ I Cape ' Tiencn muchas Cafas q? fuppofe an error of the Prefs. ^ Then follow within a parentkefis thefe words which I do not underftand (efto fe entiende tanto de cftai como de las que fe tiene dicho Efpanolas) * grandiffimo eftero * defaguan Rioi caudalofot. * Qlie por ella fc balla ocqcd grueflas Haxlendas moBm El ( 64 ) Cjpc Corricjites is a Bluff Land, very double, with little wood, and to the Enft, hiland, the range of Hills ia high and hiimmocky, » which are called Los Corofiados, to the NE of this Cijpc is a Great Bay which runs in to the ENK, more than 10 leagues, it is called /w//t' cfc J'.imhiis, to the NNW which is the other fide of the l^i!ili\ are iomcfmall Fanfllom^ clofe to two middling IJluls which are named the JJlas de 'Tifito, there is nothing to fear but what is above water. Tin.-. Cipe Con icfites is 20? j- N Lat. L's 1.1 fcrraiiia aka, y amojotadi JOURNAI \ :• l-k / / ( 65 ) i Journal of M. Sauvague le Muet, Officer in the Ship, Comteje de Pontchartrain 1714.* E. Long'. Long. fr. Lat. N. ^Journal. Greenwich. Vat". ^ rt . . 2 ^^? ^6' E Oaobcr I 5th. Winds at N? and NNE (3)" A. 28? 20" 357? 42' ^ 4? E. 123. 34 W 238. 53 I 6th. Cold weather N? and NNW A. 28. 20 259. 9 4? E. 121. 7 At 4 PM defcryed the Land a-head, Eaft 8 leagues diftant : It was the Ifland Santa Clara, which, by the Charts, is in 28? 30' N. and 249? E. 7^7— 7^^^ whereby I find myfelf a-head of the Ship 174 leagues, which I do not think couid happen, but by the Land not being marked far enough to the Enjlward; /nice the ^S". Jliithoine [their confort] had an error the lame way of 3^6 league:.. This IJland is all high Land, very arrid, and the Place we fell in with is a High Cape making as exprcllcd in View N? i. at the point of the Cape is a 'cerf high little Rock which much rcfcmbles a Sail. Fj iir. NB. Macao Is reckoned in Macao is tio:n Greenwich So that his Longitude is reduced to Greenwich by deducing, 21. 16 I have accordingly done lo. " The Figun.-s after the If-fu/^ denote, 3 light brcc7.c, 8 iniflv gale, and •J FrcHi yiilc, 8 17th, Long. ^ Lor.^. (r. Latitude N. Jouinal. Greenwich. Var"* o ' 2 2.)? I ?. Fair, cold NNW (3) A. 28? 10' 250? 28' - — nc. 40 We have not fccn the Land to-day. -:: V. 1 8th 2 U . I ? MV (3) A. 27. 5 252.28 — — - I'z^ 128. 4.S Saw many Seals and large Birds. At 5 AM got. fight of the Coq/I o(CoHpnrui, extending along our larboard, it appeared as in View N? 2. The Mountains very arrid and barren. 19th. NW (9) A. 26? 30' :54? 28' 233? 12' 126. 48 I? 30' E 20th. N?nndNVV(3) ^3.^ 53 O. S4. 24 25v 9 — " 126. 7 Courfe from Noon to Noon S 25? 30' E 28 leag" I'o ihat the Lat, by A. Mid O. is 8 or 9 leagues different. Courfe corrected from Ifiaml i>anta Clara SEbE 13a Icng'. From Noon to 2 PM Cour:c SE 11' and from 2 to 4 PM SEbE 19/ At this time we perceived from mafb-head that the Land was very low and fmih, and that it extends to the SSE 10 or II leagues; It was judi^ed proper, to guard againll this :ow Land, to fland South to Midnight ; which we did, and tailed 24 on iW.M Courle, from Midnight to 2 AM. Sbi^ 8' when w c fuund ouiielvc.^ within a ' ->r the LiVid, it was vciv low and fiVidy^ and as the Kefleclion of the Moon on the Sand made a dcceptious appearance, ' Bon.anicie, ( 6; ) appearance, nc floou oiT, but as uh)!! as we mavk a }iumnn)ck. ^ which flrctchcs a little out, we lomiiied ami got ground at 8 facho.iis ; at this time we had ikcrcd SWbW and WSW to 4 AM and run 8^ and tVoni 4 '■.^ ( ' M SW 2'. ^ At 6 we were clear of thi^ danger and V<. 'rd to 8 AM SE S; fnmi 8 to 12 SI^dS 16', lo r].at . -m putting about in the night and running to the W'S' V and SWbW we had deepened from S to 9, 10 iin 1 iz flithoms water, grey Hmd and ouze, deepc.^.ing as \\ e ^^ot otf. The luinJ is very dtiir^crcus, and when you -aw. 18 to 20 leagues oi^', ii; is proper to fleer SSW, \\\k\ even SWbS ; that is to lay, being olF thefe 'Three M^Hntn'ms^ KM- Papj^ w^hich were feen the 19th Ix^aring EbN 6 Icngues [vide View N? 3.] And the faid Hummock at 10 AM bore N\V ' and appeared as in View N? 4. ,j^ Fair NW (9) Courfe from Noon to 8 IM ESE 39', and from 8 PM to 4 AM SE 30', and from 4 io 8 AM l':SE 30', and from 8 to Noon SEbE 7':, all tin fc leduced to one is SEbE 108', and 1 was at Noon by Obkrvation in 23? 15' N 256? 25' 777-7^^ Var. 1? 30' E. At 6^ AM we (x\'j the Land a-head of great extent, w.: Hood ak^nc: the kiv land^ which was very //;/ i^^ 1 1 fithoms fand and ouzc. North Point of 3d Illmd Middle of ad Illand S :;o? \V I K':ip;ui-. \V 1;° ^ 3 leagues. The Eafl Point of that Ifland has Breakers ot( it, and appears as in the View N. ii.and 12. It is fituatcd m Lat. 21? 30' N by Obfervation there. We fent our fick alhoar and beg:\n ivatcr'fi^^, but it * IS not <'-ood, having a bad talle. Thefe Iflands furnilh many Sej-TuriJcs \\\\w\\ arc very b.id, and give a bloody iUiK and Scurw. Thuc ue 1^ m.uiv ( 70 ) and very many Paroquets and » which arc good to cat ; On the other IfJand there are many Hares and ^* , which are deHcioiis. Wood is eafily got, as all thefe JJlanJs are very woody ; but there is aUb much Fertnin^ as Lizards and monftrous Snakes^ which are not the kart: frightend at your approach, hke all the other animals. S^oveVaber : 8th. The wind continually at NW, frefh gales, we had remained 12 days at thefe Iflands, and were obUged to leave them, as our Tick, inftead of getting better, became worfc ; fo that we made all difpatch to fea, for Bandera^ where it is faid there is good refrefhment — At the Marias the Sea makes very bad landing, and fometimes you cannot get afhoar at all. The Winds at SW, a hght breeze. At 1 AM weighed from the Iflmd 3 Marias, and as the day advanced the Wind changed to ESE, and vaiiable to calm. At 6 PM The 4th Jfland bore That where \vc oj-^ SEbS 5 leagues SW 3 leagues. The 4th ///(^/Wappeared thus (vide View N. 1 3.) as I before faid, very flat ^ *^ and well wooded like the others. At Its extremity Rcniers. Pins. * Fori plattc, hi before faid fert hautr^ which better anfwcrs the /7nv, ptobaMy plutti, is ua cjiror of the Tranlciibcr. ,1 J /- / ( 7' ) J 9 th. extremity are Two Iflo/s, or Rocks, like the Point of the 3d, and Ibme breakers^ which run a great \va\ out, To that it is very dangerous to approach that Point. Lat. O. 21? 15^ N, and during thefe 24 hours courfes as follow, ESE 42.' SE 21.' SbE 6.' fo that we had made the Coajl of Mexico at the Place we intended. There are for a mark Two Paps, which at Noon bore NE 5 leagues (vide View under Plan of Bandera) at the fame time the Land to the Southward, which is very /jJg/j arrid Land, appeared as in the fame View. loth. After running S9' SSE6' and ESE 4' U At 8 PM cf-^ in the Entrai^ce of the Bay o^ Bnitdera \n <) idxhoxns fand ; At the Entrance of It are Three JJIots, The Innermoft bore . . . S 50? W | league dill. The other, which is a little flat . SVVbW J league. Ihe 3d IS witnout the r\onn Jt Main, anU bore • . 'oint 01 tn • c NWbN {league ; // is the moft dangerous. and care mud be taken lu approaching //. The River in the Bay bore • • EbN 3 leagues. At 10 AM we weighed to run into the Ba) , always , ranging the Coaji at difcretion ; we had SounJingj i fruni of the out, lo courfes wc had [tended. 311 bore I at the 8 PM fathoms dill. aken lu JUCS. always fiuiu ( 70 trom 12 to 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 fathoms. TUc CoiiJ, of which I fpeak, is very clear, you may rani^c it without fear. ^ 19th. We finifhcd repairing our Boats and getting all our U'^citer and other Refrcjhmcnts. It is a Place very con- venient for Veflels making a Paflage hkc ours. There are fine fat Bullocks which is excellent Beef; with plenty of Game, as Deer and JVild Hogs, Pheafanis, which let you approach as near as you pleafe ; we lived o!i Game. the 15 days we were here: in (hort, it is a de- lightful country. 20th. At 3 PM weighed with the Wind at Eaft, a light breeze, but it falling calm, we were conftrained to ^ agaui, at 9 PM, in 15 fathoms /W, i league diflant from ihoai The Ifloti .... Wtft ^ leagues. We continued at 4-> ^H niglit till 4 AM, when a liglit air fprung up at Eaft, when we weighed and (leered, to pals between the I/lots and the SboaU ivamed Portoriuc ; by which we had entered and knew the Piifc7Q;c\ this had been determined yefterday evening on account ot a J/joal which, by the information we had received, ouoht to Ive in the MulJIe of the Great Channel, but w c ourielves had no knowledo;e of it, and did not even lee any appearance of danger. Ar ( n ) At 1 1 AM, It being c:\lm, and the Tide carrying us towards the Isl'As^ wc were conflrahied to 4-^ within a Cannon-(hot of the JVeJlmoJl Llot, Thcfe I/k/s lye Eaft and Wed: in the Entrance of the Bay ; and between the Two Isluls there are Two Recks, above water, and feveral otliers even with the Water s Edge, on which the Sea breaks ; this made us judge there is no P^Jpige to the frtj! of thcfe I/Iots ; There are Two more Rocks, very white, the ncareft is 1 1 league diftant, and the fmalle/l, which at a diftance looks like Sail, at ' league farther Weft. Between thcfe two Rocks are Shoals on which it breaks much, without any appearance of a PaJJ'age between them, without runnuig great rilk. The I^ow Point and The Rocki WSW 1 Ici-uc. 2 1 ft. Sent the Boat to found between the Ijhts and on their return they laid they had no Icfs than 8 tathums, and only found one Shoal between thefe Iftots and Bocks, between which there run a ftrong Tide to the South, fo that our boat was obliged to hoift her fails to ftem the Current. The Winds continuing at North and the Tide fetting to the South, or on the J/lots, v\c were conftrained to warp with a Graphng, and At 4 PM, the Winds having died away, we continued at 4^ all night. Lat. O 20? 40' N. U At iiirr lis within 'jts lye j twee II r, and which Pajfagc RuckSj id the league m!s on nd on thums, Rocks^ South, o ftem nd the e were 4 PM, oB all ( 7^ ) * 82.1. At 4 AVT weighed, the Wind NKhM, n llohr l-,rcezc, we p;ificd at i league diiliiice to the Northward (,f tlic Rocks, after wliich wc Hood South. At 9 AM, wc got. light of an unburdii Ijlm.]^ or Rock, not laid down in any Chart, nor 'journal in our poflcfTion, // then horc N\V 8 or 9 lea-ues, and it lyes VVNW and ESE with the Ijhs at \hc K'Hrancc of the Bay of Handera : 1 believe, when you Ice the 3 Marias, not to run any riik, it b. proper to l^dl in to windward o^ Bandera ; as the Cs/zy? is all along very clear : and for this purpofe you fhould llcer SE and^SEbS 26 or 27 leagues. At Noon Lat. O 20? ^s' N. The IJloti bote and The IJIot in the offing . Cape Corricnt$u At the clofc of the Night Marias WNW. E Long. Lonq-. fr. Journal, Gicciuviciu 264? 20' ^-i^l? tlO. 5(5 F.NE ^J leagues. NWbW 3A Icags. liSE. \ve faw the Three Plan El?: ( 75 ) V I. A N of Port ]] a n d e r a , bituatcd 111 Lat. 20. 40 N. l^.. ,y ,; 7ro;-:o-Tv~ ^'~^ ^ al The Northern Channel is vcrv fTvu^d, l\U vru nv.ill take cure not t) ]\\i6 too near thj Pc/'V/ of the .VV'T.- J ^/v<;/ oil thv; Nor/,b SiJc, as it is Jl:i! poufiil : In lie Channel you will have from 9 to 10, 11, 12 .un! 14 fathoms. Then you may range the Cca} at difcretion, without fear, till you come to rnv'v/ Poiut \ then you may ^f-), where the 4-> is marked in the- Plan: The other 'f^ is the PUicc where you i^'atcr \ It is a Place very proper for tlic rcfrcjhmcnt of X'eilc!:, coming from China^ Mdnili or other long Vcn'ages , There is very fnie BdJ^ very ft, the heft in the \\'-)ild ; *X\\^Game is very good ; pi nty oi Pbcofunts^ in/J Iloirj^ Deer, Paroquets and IPoo J- Pigeons. ^ There are variou:. Wild Beafts as Lious, Tyger, Snakes, &c. The Wood here is very inconvenient ^ particularly the Alifeni/'e, which is extremely dangcious to thoic who walk in tlie Morning-dew, as the leall: drop of water that falls on the face, cxpofcs one to the hazard of lofmg the fight, ai. is well known. I :i Pigeoni ramies. Le Bois y eft I'ort "mcemir.oiV.tc. \.) V at . Ill l! r J 2 .iiul '(••7'/ at PjiNf ; in tht* / /%-■, variou:. Wood . Ill tlic on the I ^" < 76 ) •♦> III regard to the Southern Channel it is not ufcd ; niid wc were told there is a Shoal in Mid-Ciianncl ; of this wo Jhkl no tokens, and it appeared to me veiy jpacious and without danger; and if it was frequented it appears to nic better than the Northern Channel, as you might turn to windward in it, to go in and come out, flieltered from the T'ides which in the Northern Channel fet to the Southward upon the hlots in the Entrance, of which It i> proper to be on your guard. FINIS. -<, In :c. 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