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Lee cartae. pianchea. tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre filmAe i dee taux de reduction diff«rents. Loraque le document eat trop grand pour Atro reproduit en un seui ciichA. il eet film* k pertir do i'angia supMeur gauche, de geuche k droite. et de haut i* baa. an pranant le nombre d'imegee n4ceaaairr. Lee diagrammas suiventa illuatrent la m^thoda. D 32 X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ';!.') MHi I i ONTA i h PIT! FUB ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN LXIII f- PITTING THE SUGAR BEET BY C. C. JAUES, M.A., PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY i I'UBJLISBBn BY THE DXII'ABTMEKT OF AOniCULTUSE May 15, 1891 TORONTO PRINTED BY WARWICK ft SONg 1- Ifir^B Hh^H if ^H ^m^l '19 W MimsTBB OF 4OBI0DLTUBB Hon. John Dryden. Toronto. Ontario Agrieultural College and Experimental Farm Goel.i,' under control of the Minister of Cultoe "' James Mills, M.A. Thomas Shaw.. 0. 0. Jamks, M.A. •J. FoYna Panton, M.A., F, J*. 0. Gbensidb, V.S.. H. H. Dkan, B.S.A. E. Lawbbnoh; Hunt, B.A. OawainWaltkb Clarke.. O- A. Zavitz, B.S.A. . Oeorob Haboodbt, B.S.A. A. MoOallcm, .. OPPIOBRS. a a " ry I Professor of Chemistry. as. Professor of Natural History and Geology ^'"'^^o' of Veterinary Saience. • •• .. Professor of Dairy Husbandry. •• ^«tantResidentandMathematicalMasteT • ^ . Instructor in Drill and Gymnastiw. •• •• A«"tant Superintendent of Experiments. Assistant Chemist. Bursar. AD7I80BY BOARD. A. BtDB.. Joiw I. HOBSON Deputy Minister of Agriculture. Toronto. John McMillan, M.P. ' . " " ^°'''^""«'>' bounty of Wellington. Edwabd Jeffs .. ^°°»*»nce. County of Huron. J. 8. tsMiTH .. " " ** •• ^"'^Hoad. County of Simooe G. B. BoTOB '^'■* ^'»'ft County of Middlesex D. A. DowLiNO.. ^°'''*"' County of Northumberland. Wm. Donaldson.. ". J^PP'«*«n. County of Oarieton. "Woodstock, Oounty of Oxford. Chainian 0/ Board .... t r - mi BULLETIN LXIII EFFECTS OF PITTING ON SUGAR BEETS FOR SUGAR MANU- FACTURE AND FOR FEEDING. The report upon our inveetifiations in '«8-'^'i *«/f ^ Srowing of sugarbeetsforsugarproductionhasbeengivenmthe lately pubhsh^^^ rencrt of the Ontario Agricultural College and Expenmental Fajrm fo; 1890, pp. 66 to 75 and 96 to 98, to which the attention of the reader is directed in connection with this bulletin. Prbbkuvation op Beets. The preservation of the sugar beet between the time of its removal from the ground until it can be worked over in the factory will be a matter of very great importance iu this province where the winters are severe and sometimes quite changeable. When the growth of the beet has stopped and he p^^o^ ducts of the leaves have been transferred to the root, the beet is said to be - ripe," and is ready to be harvested. The signs of this condi- tion in the leaves are the color and the drooping of the leaves ; the color changes to a yellowish green and the outer leaves droop or wither and fall as though showing that their season is done If the beets are to be taken straight to the factory the green heads or collars as well as the leaves may be cut off and left upon the field, but if they must be preserved for some time it is customary not to cut them down too much. " Generally the beets that have been cut close show no tendency whatever to sprout, that is to show leaves in the silo. But their sprouting is » sign of the cassation of all vegetable life, and is generally accompanied by an undesirable change known as « hardening ' in the juic,. which is more injurious in the manufacture than the development of sprouts, and which latter, if it has not progressed too far, is preferred by the manufacturer. {Report by L. S. Ware, 1889.) In the preservation of the beets, whether in cellar or in pit, four .... -_- *. v- „^«;^«^ viz.. excessive cold, as freezing and OOnamons arc uO 08 « J -i-T ... :„_ thawing inverte the sugar and causes loss in the factory ; excessive ^eat> as tho reauJtinff «--"t: tr "™^'«- ■•-'■■'^ " rrc^^^^ Eartb Pixs Th of the croD d«m ^ ^^^^P' '«» ^ee* wide a„ J '^T *°^ ^*"ed- al owed bv I.O • '° ®«cape and a fn. " *''® P»* Per- -"i then Uiey * "°'»'"'J« ) ^ H' f I * coning up Qff I — — _ ' °®^o^tJiata» " ' Sugar beet... / / P '~~"~^ ^"••"ii- ■" / »•««/ o.crf 80 3„/ I ^^'"''rei- / "•«« 1.35/ ,3,3 '•''/ «-«2, '^•"«'«^' '■" r'-^'i o-^j ej. I'll '-'^l Sugar beeta / | "•'« «""« '■alue of ..; . "" ™l"e» of 4 , , T„ ^^- '"""'Ps and Pfovwoe, T,„ f ' '» l-" carefully "OMidered b^^. f' "»'"» « » "« 1.0 mo,t V. „lt '*' '"«" beet, n>o«t Coahr, ^''°"'«' PO'"" """■od. ought to .''7°«'""«d " .eed and t^. "'"''^ '"' '-^-C «'»- contain.-,, C/t^'Z ^2"""'^' ^^Z'J^'tl"' ' *n « chemical 'e throe roots ^^ow that M last year give us 1 1.5 per cent, sugar, while another sample, the best, of about the same size had 17.6 per cent, sugar. The former would contain about 3,280 lb. of sugar per acre, the latter would contain About 4,990 lb., an increase in value of over 50 per cent, above the former, whether for sugar making or for feeding, and as this sugar comes entirely from constituents found in the air and is not produced at the expense of the soil it follows that the growing of the best augar beets, the richest in sugar and the purest in quality, is to be fecommended. 1. Use only reliable seed, highly developed, sugar producing in its «train, imported fresh from the best French or German sources. 2. Grow beets of moderate size rather than too large, the moderate fiized beets have more sugar and less water than the larger beets. 3. Keep them well coverod all the season through as sugar is found principally in the portion below ground. Cultivation. The closing paragraph in a late publication from the great French sugar beet firm, Vilraorin Andrieux & Co., is so important in regard to the production of sugar beets for sugar pur. poses and for fodder, and is so authoritative that I take the opportunity of closing this bulletin with a translation of the same : •' "We can not insist too much upon the necessity of choosing well and of pre] paring properly the land intended for the cultivation of sugar beets. It happens almost daily that the seeds and those who have furnished them are held responsible for failures au-.l oiistakes arising solely from the bad 'condition8>nder which the growth has taken place. Every one desires, and 'rightfully so, to obtain only beets that are long, clean, compact (without branching roots), but it must be con- sidered that to be developed in this condition the beets must necessarily find a depth "of^earth sufficiently mellow to^be produced there without hindrance ; nothing promotes so surely the develop- ment of lateral roots as the prevention of the lengthening of the tap root owing to the hardness or poor quality of the sub-soil. It is the height of incons'stency'to expect roots to be long, clean and under ground, and to refuse them the room absolutely necessary for their development. The food or manure ought to be carefully suited to the local circumstances j the multiplication of fields of experiment has contributed for some years past in furnishing more and more h » "1 .i'' i\' ^riv -^■'<^»mfm^ '»% all the instruction. n« "*n aeeda weJ) "Mion TF^lnrnt"'"" ''"""' ''P'" '»"•. 1891 o« "T. . «ro United Sf-, : °°''™' "■"' are Cm.,).- •""="'«■• »'