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LONDON: Printed for J.Morgan in Pjicr-Nojlcr-Rovs:. r is !| A « LETTER TO THE People of LETTER VL THERE is nothing more firmly im^ prefled by Providence on the Con- dudl of the World, amidft the va- rious Tranfadlions of Mankind, than that all States fliall flourifh and he happy, in propor- tion as they purfue the Didlates of Wifdom> \nd obferve the Laws of Integrity ; and that from thcle alone their genuine and perma- !Kiit Intereft, have originally been derived,' and ultimately continued and fuflained* This Truth, the Principles on which all Governments can be advantageoufly efta- bliniO'l will cterniilly fupport. B T.MIS .M I. ,<■ '•' ;i*'i •- ( 2 ) This Truth the Hiftorics of ii.ll Ajjo u!>i- formly and irrcfragably dcmoiilliatc. .t.i .■ii' * This Truth, the prcfcnt Calnmitr,us ! ation of this ruined Country, too iarallv evinces. Every Nation has a certain rvMt'on .„' Power, whieh conliils in the Number, l'::- derlliinding, l^nanimity, Application arn! Virtue of its Inhal>itants ; to: edy^r widi tl:.' Revenues which they can produce, Widioii: diminifliing their original Stock of l"rc;ill;rc, and opprefling the Means hy \\hich it is ob- tained and preferved. Over thcie, cvcrv Scvcrcifrn Power has an Audiority, for the G(;od ci itlelf an^i die C(jnnnunity. EvrRV Nation h:.^ a diAinvfl: Intcrcd, which ii>rin«.';^ Uum its pecuhar Situatiw^, Ocenpationr. of the Pec^ple in Trades, ]\1'- nufliCtures, ond Ai!;iici!kurc, and from the Commerce whieh it benelicially carries on. It Is thcrrHir? the Duty of tlic Soverci'^;n Pow.r, lo dwivc every honorable Advaii- tr.ge :'H viMLa iL IS cv- ( 3 ) luge from the Fonncr, to fullaln and encou- raire the Latter. For the fame Rcafbn that ever)' People has peculiar Interefls, rcililting from the above k'ircumflances, there \\'ill be fome one or more Nations, which from their Situations, I Produce, or Purfuits, will be more imme- diately the Rivals of one another. It is therefore the indifpenfable Duty of I the fupreme Superintcndancy, by every lau- dable Endeavour, to prevent the growing 1 Power of their Rivals. To perfedlthis Dcfign, whenever a Nation has not fulhcient Strength or Abilides, to pre- lerve an Afcendant over its Rivals, it becomes expedient, that Alliances fliould be formed I to obtain that falutary End. Fo : this Reafon, Sovereigns have a right I to enter into Treaties with other States, for the fake of national Advantage: In like I manner, no State ought to be confidered as a Rival to another, but in the particular Cir- ciimftances, by which the Latter may be in- . jurcd by it in its Welfare. r, • t B 2 Nor • f 7 •, ■■ '■'. i i m u-:il ( 4 ) Nor can any State be entitled to the Alli- ance and Aififtancc of another, unlefs the] Advantage be reciprocal j much lefs can it lay claim to be fupported, when the Succeli or Ruin of that State, muft alike debilitate or undo that by which it is fuftained. Interfe- ring in fuch Conjundlures is not to be julliticc in Sovereigns, whole Authority original!. j arifcs from the good, which it is their Dut to obtain for their Subjedts. That the tru Equipoife and full Exertion of all thefe Powers and Duties are attended with extren-.c Dit- ficulty, is in no Senfe to be contefled ; it \\ an arduous Talk perfectly to preferve, by the Influence of Religion and Laws, a Commer- cial State, aduated by the prevailing Motivs of the Love of Money, from deviating intc illiberal Anions, Deceit and Diflionour; in 15 not lefs difficult to preferve the diffcrciu Branches of Trade from clafliing in thti. Motions ; and the Perfons engaged in thcii^ from perfifting in unjullifiable Defigns, ac- cording to that Propenfity which is too natu- ral to Money-loving Men, of procuring Ad- vantages to themfelves, though attended vvit^ Injury to their fellow Subjedfs. It is not Tafk eafily accompliflied, to fupprefs the parts of Commerce which are lucrative to tlu^ Individual '.. ' ( 5 ) Individuals engaged inthcni, c\nc] rlttriincntal to the \v]u)lcC()inmu:uty. It v\ r.f>t :iri Under- taking of little Difficulty, to reftrain Mankind jiom infnngiiig the Public good, nrifing froin national Situation, hv preiering the Intcrctl oi a Rival Stiitc, when it coincides with their own. It i> as 1' ale to he cxpc'lled unlefs it be in hoid l]-,lu;!(!:i-chc'\.: \'iiicn of a Patriot King, to tind a Soverci;;n or Minillcr who ran dilccrn all thcfe Ciicuruftances fo per- plexed, and even more diliicult to difcover ciihcr of them, who can be totally reftrained ii-om cairying their Ambition, Averlion for Dtlicr Slates, Attachments to more favourite Subjedls, private Views, or foiiie finifter Paf- lion into Execution, however pernicious to the People, they rule and fuperintend. Itre- ijuires alfo a Degree of Underltanding, which God has not bequeathed to every one of his anointed or his Minifters, perfpicuoufly to dif- cern the true Intereft of the State, in all the Alliances which may be entered into with other Nations, The full Eftedl of national Advantage, confidered in its ultimate Perfedlion, is not to be expelled from human Powers ; not- withftanding which, by much the greatell Part of thofc Evils, which fubvert a State, is eafily J • ^ 1 'I' ;l^ m f .■•■■» 1 ' ,'. ( 6 ) cafily prevented, by returning to the flnl Caules of its Profperity : This cvciy CTOvern- ment has the right and means of accomplilh- ing, and therefore it never can be ncglcded, but through Infutiiciency of Judgment, Inat- tention to Pubhc Duty, or fome more crimi- nal Defign. That Englmtd has been remifs in all thefe Duties, mifapplied her Native and ac- quired Povv'crs, and funk within the laft fifty Years into Sloth, Puiillanimity and Diflionor, more precipitately than the other Nations of Euiopry is alas ! too fatally verified, by the late Condud of Affairs. That thofe flagiti- ous Elfedfs have not fo enormoufly prevailed from encreafing Luxury is certain, becaufe in France it has been carried to a much greater Excefs than in this Kingdom, where fuch pernicious Confequences have not followed i fome other Caufe muft then be fearched af- ter, which has operated to beget this de- generate and ruinous State of Things in this Country more effedually than in all others. In Order then to trace the Origin from whence thefe Misfortunes have fprung, and aflign fome probable Means by which your abfolute Perdition, if you yet dare to exert yourfclves in tlie Prefervation of your Rights and %^s .. ( 7 ) iirii.i ]^-ivi!cgcs, may be prevented ; it is ne- .':u\\vy that I difiinguifli the natural Ad- \>(ritagcs peculiar to this liland, the better to '.:. plain the Ways by which fuch enormous Inroad and Havock. have been made on your jConimcrce, Trcafure, Liberties and Vir- :.:es j how the Conftitution has been almoft |:uhvcrtcd, and your God negledled ; in fine, 1 y what Methods you are become a con- Itcmn'd and abject People. Br IT AN, lurroundcd by the Sea, is fe- ciired from Attack in the Manner by which other Nations are to be invaded, and to v.l/ich Nature has denied that peculiar Blefs- iig ; no Armies can march diredlly to its Dc.lruction; the Winds and Waves, the ilcnents conlpire to form one Part of the ; '.rricr which defends this Ifland ; it con- tains Inhabitants numerous enough to fup- rort itlllf and its Territories againft the uni- ted Etforts of the World ; it pofTefTes Riches : irHcicnt without Incumbrace, when honeflly l-vicd and honourably applied, to fuflain its t loots and Armies, and to fupply all Things noceirary to uphold its Commerce, and pre- !-rvc its Felicity and Glory : In confequence of thcle particular Dillindlions, the Interefl: ot no Nation in Europe is fo diftindlly to be known. a t !■" , : . ;. Deliruc'-.iion? VVIiyI is die Re'j'Utaiion ofycntijniuric.' bccomcnowB r more necelfaiy than at ti)at Moment wikiiP' ^ tlic (Tliifs was lail. tuvnal ? V\ lierefcrc h;is th^ 0)nJlilutiv>n of this Realm, which hyl more th'.iiA Sitnunit of national I'elicitv hy vcnir ilk! icon tticr hav vi'it hroi whc negl had Fathers, returned w iih liich Impetnofity iuui| Weight, and cruflfd you their Progeny ? Ai.As! widi all the Advantai;es of thole| Cir.cumttances, which your l''athers then pcl- ferted, wid\ all the Hlei]jn[>;s which were ex- pected from the Revolution ; tlicrc wa^fc blended one particular Milchief, which like a PartiJe <»[*(< inecontaf>io\is Dileafe, infecial die CYnUlitufu n, ;;r.d which by inl'enfiMc tlic from Misf align iiow( was ! Cont Cauli ^'alai •. - - *• Dctircc ivas your bill « oil hcncr, ami he Throne utl ilms ; a Situ;;. Europe could I h lucli natural I' all tlioiV- luip- ivc oi tlic LX-| t C'aiilc have run with acVc- Irut-iion? VVhv :.* bcj^onicnow VIoiiK'nt when ^'Micrcforc has! Ml, which by as then rolled! elicit V hy voiir npetiu)lity mid Trugcny ? ntai^cs of thofe thcrs then pd- hich were cx- th.crc \va^ tjf, which liko ilcall", intccivd by inicnliMc Degree] ( 'I ) l)ci;rccs has Cn fatally prevailed, that thcnr. r.inains but the I'^xcrtion of the moil fuddcn hnd vigorous Means, to prevent it from be- coming totally irrecoverable. With the Seeds of Liberty there were then Ibwii the Tares of iXftru^ition, which have lincc fprang up, and choaked the 1 lar- vdl of your Expedtations ; in fa(^t, knUiam hroiijdit with hini a Love for the Dutvh^ whom he quitcd fuperior to that for the En^- lijh to whom he came ; he ungratefully neglected the Intcreft of tliat I'eople, who had prd'ei^ted him with Three Kingdoms, in preference of Dutch Bogs ami Marlhcs ; and tlic pernicious Councils of the Stadtholder, diretltcd the Defigns of the King of England \ from that Fountain, the Stream of your Misfortunes has begun, from thence it has augmented in its Courfe, and continually iiowed with ftill more troubled Waters ; it was he that attached you to the EviLj of tlic Continent, and firft deprived you of the Blclfings which God has given you \ to this Caufe it will be proved, that your prefcnt Calamities and tnc prcfent Grandeur of f ranee, are wholly tote attributed. • ' ; c Nor ( 12 ) 'ii\'\ • «■ i % Nor were the happy Circumftances ofj this Land, the only Bleffing which attended it at the coming of IVilliam to the Throne ; j the Monarch of the French^ your natural! Rivals, was then engaged and occupied in Purfuits the moft favourable to the Welfare of England) which had they not been inter- rupted by the prediledion of that Dutchi King of England, in Favour of the United Provinces, would in all human probabilitvj have terminated in the Ruin of France^ with Re(pe(^ to the only Point in which you ought to oppofe her Commerce, and placed you ii\ the Situation to which you ought only to af- pire, Emprcfs of the Ocean. At the time of Williams coming to die Crown, Lewis die XIV intoxicated with luli cious Draughts of Glory and ConqucA, h fprcad the fame Propeniity and Paflions thro] me whole of the French Nadon; univeria Empire was the darling Objedt of his Wiiliesj Ai^ms the foie Occupation in Honour m Eilcera, and Commerce deemed a mechaj nic and bafe Employment had icarce obtaineij any Degree of national Confideration amonj them. No\ '!< { «3 ) f"?:.'!'' .1.' Now it was that En':^l-njJ iliouldhnvj in- dulged this Piopcnlity, by not oppojing tiie Arms of France ; but we had then exiled an E?7g/i/b and received a Dutch King : Men ot Honour, true Patriot'lm, and found Policy, would Ivtve feizcd t]»i^ Happy Opportunity to render France lefs ibnr.idable, bv flivourincr her DefiOTS, find not like Beafts of theFor- reft, thought (>f humbling her by Dint of Horns, Fangs, 'f coth and brute Force only ; this war. the Duty of .in iL;/^////j Monarch, hut the Title of Statholder being united in the fame Perfon, and l.httch Love prevailing o- vcr the YJwvyoi Enghwd and Englijh Welfare, a War was undertaken by England againft France^ widi a View to prefei-ve the United Provinces and Defend the Houfe of Auftria from the Arms of the grand Monarch. Ha- ving tlius declared tliat tliis was a VtUcb Mca- lure and dcftrudive to England's Profperity, permit me to alTign my Inducements to fuch Declaration ; after which, if the Reafons which were thenoffcr'd as Motives to that War are proved, to be entirely Groundlefs, and Confcquences intirely propitious to England, vrouid have flow'd from her being inactive in that War, certainly you will no longer he- fitate one Moment, to conclude that fViU Ham I i' ■'■•(• . t .. I ^'^ ( '4 ) Ham laid the iirft Foundation of your Ruin, and thence derived the Epithet of Immortal j for alas ! the Advantages w^hich accompanied his being crou^ncd, are they not long fince va- nifhed ? Tho' the End of thole Evils which he entailed upon you, the moft penetrating Eye can not perceive. The Motives given to the World for this Confederacy with the Emperor and the Uni- ted Provinces, were the fupporting the Pro^ teftant Intercft, the Liberties of Germany^ and preferving the Ballance of Power in Eu- ro/w. Names of fedudivc Influence on a thoughtlcfs unenquiring Multitude, at that time apt to create a Reverence in their Minds, an ardent Zeal and Alacrity towards fupport- ing thofe who were imagined to be opprelfed in fuch important Articles, as Liberty and Religion ; for what is there amongft Man- kind which deferve to be confidered more facrcd, than the beftowing Liberty amongft your fellow Creatures ; the greateft Blcfling of this World, and preferving their Religion, which is to obtain even greater, the Blefs- ings of immortal Happinefs ; what more na- tural to uncorrupted nunian Kind, than to be (educed by them, to oppofe the Delig ns of their Rivals, by i counter Ballance of Power, whofe ( 15 ) whofe Conceptions go no farther than that I of Force and military Oppofition. It was no wonder then that the Falacy of thoi'e Motives remained undifcovercd by the Herd of human Nature, cheriflied as they I were alfo by the Sectaries of England, the in- viiriable Foes of your Conftitution ; but it is ] impolTible that IVilliam and his Minifters did not indmately know, that thofe rcfpevflcd Names had no Truth bclon^inor to them at that Conjundlure ; they knew they were I no more than falfc Lights hung out by their Iniquities, hke diofe on Sea Coafls, to draw I the unfufpcding Mariner to be deceived and chip wrecked. If JVillinm confidered thofe as the real I Motives to die War, muft he not have been the dulled of all Englifli Kings who had rcign'd till that time? If his Minifters con- ceived them in that Light, muft not thofe have been the nioft ftupid of all who ever prcfided in a Nation's Council? the firft un- wortliy of a Mayoralty at St Aftfw's, and the lail unequal to the Conduct of a Veftiy : Hut their Inducements were of another Kind, the Dutchman to be indulged in his Love to \Ujll(ind and in his Avcrlion to France^ and Carclcfp , -■:!« , [ • ' ■ 1 , I .: 1 I'frl , 1.'. 4 ! %\ \ Hit . » f^. ( 16 ) Carelefs of England, gave his Minifteri;- D 2 19 I* ■ •v- h »>tu ( 20 ) is no more the Concern of this Iflandthan of Japan-, Proximity in this Inftance, offering no Reafon for Alliance: Nor of more Confe- quence, whether in Europe or in j^ia; whe- ther to have c^pofed the Tartars in Favor of the Chinefe^ or the French in Favor of Ger- mans', what Claim can Auftria or the 'Dutch have to your AfTiftance, if no Advan- tage is to be derived from it, and no Evil prevented ? much lefs can it pofTefs a Title to be fupported, when by that Afliftance you TTiuft be exhaufted, and by negledling it you would have become the moil: potent and moft flourifliing State <^ "Europe, Even at ^at very Time when Willi am facr^ced this Land, on the Altar of the United Provinces, Holland was as trulv the Rival oi England as France, by her cxtenfivc Commerce and Riches j and as juftly the Objed of£tf^//2) Jcaloufy: At leaft not many Years before in ^ Reign of Charles II. it manifeftly appears to be fo j but to comply with the prcfent Way of Thinking, and the Confequences which have followed fince that Time, let me allow that France was then as it is at prefent, the moft formidable and im- mediate Rival dE iMs Nation ; die fole State vfbaf^ Power, Policy and Arms> England ha$ ajuft ( 21 ) liiufl Cdufe to dread, and whofe Influence it 5 then chiefly concerned to counteract |'.nd Tupprefs; ought it then to have been one iviomcnt's Debate, much lefs a Refolution, kt yiufiria and the United Provinces fhould ibve been fuftained, at the Expence of this kation, when France muft have been ren- liered lefs your Rival, and lefs formidable, by eclining to oppofe her Arms, and enter into IConfederacy againft her? whatever might pve been the Fate of thofe two Powers, could^ }^rance have been a reafonable Objedtof Op- Kofition, otherwiie than as it ftood in the Way }tEfigli/h Welfare ? And if tlie Succefs of the JFrfwc^ Arms over Germany and Holland, [would have confpired to the Intereft of Eng- Mild ; and the Succefs of Holland^ and thd lEmperor would in no Senfe have contributed Ito aggrandize this State ; why was the Firft Ito be oppofed, and the Latter fuftained at Ikh immenfe Expence ? for to introduce the iPrejudices of Kings born in other Lands, and Ito rule over flavifli Subjedts as Motives to the Condudt ^f a Free People, is to adopt the Maxims of Defpotifm, and un- do yourfelves j to involve this Nation in that War, fquander Millions in fupporting the Confederacy, indulge the Hate in William jagainft Lewis j what was it but to permit Caprice '-'. o:\,\\ '•1r ^ <»'f t r . \i :^>¥:"(; 1* M'.iv' '"■.-k (22 ) Caprice or PalTion to defeat the Efforts of I Reafon, Folly to mifguide and hoodwink j the Steps of Wifdom, and the Brute to prc- fide ovei* the Man. But it is neceffary to evince the Triuh of I what I have juft delivered ; that the ConfeJ deracy of England, with the Emperor and the JDutc/jj was at that Time void of every ef- fential Principle on which an Alliance can juftly be founded, and infinitely pernicious to this Kingdom, by oppofing the Arms of Lewis the Fourteendi. Let me then explain what would have| been the Confcquence of France prevailing over the Dutch and Auftrians-, ^nd Bnglam, not engaged in the Quarrel having; indulged 1 that prevailing Foible of U|iiverlal Empire in Lewis the Fourteenth. The firfl Advantage which would have been derived to this Nation, during fuch a War between the French and the Dutdyl would have been, that whilft thofe two States were mutually diftreffing each others Trade by Captures, the Englifi would have enjoyed without Interruption almofl the whole Com- l^erce oi Europe \ This Confideration as it oftl'rcd ( 23 ) Ititcred an invincible Argument for England's laot uniting in the War with Holland^ fo it rroved a powerful Caufe in JVilliam\ Heart, l;or Linking this Nation to all the Difadvan- t;igcs of his more favourite Dutch ; he could rot bear that England fhould enjoy the Ad- pntage o£aDuU/j Quarrel with France-, he tiiited the People who had fo generoufly made Em their Sovereign ; and therefore deter- pincd that it fhould enjoy no fuperior Ad- pntage from that Conjundurej but that the \dutcb and Englijb, fince the Former could |?.ot be exempt, fliould at lead equally fhare pc Calamities of an interrupted Commerce, liiul be robbed of the Bleflings of Peace, by Iritcrinn: into Alliance. ■ I 1 ;'4.^ ■ » Th e next Advantage arifing from England's pot engaging in that Confederacy would have pc:i, it would have remained without erv- Icrcafrng Taxes, unmortgaged and uncxliaufl- Icd fur yllien Intcrcfls, and its Manufadlurcs Jinopprcired by new Imports; thus far thai JAigiMncnts for a Neutrality at that Time Ivcrc Ih'ongly in our Favour. \h Oppufiiion to thefe it will undoubtedly ' urgeil, that without our Affiftancc, the iutcd Province's and Germany would have been Ill*' ■ *"• ( 24 ) been over run, that England would foon hav( felt the like Influence, and have been fub- dued by the Arms of France j that this as ar Evil infinitely fupcrior to any temporary Ad- Vantage, ought to have born down ever Confidcration of lefs Moment. Let me exa- mine then if thefe AfTertions are attendee with more Truth than the Defence of thj Proteflant Caufe and German Liberties j anc whether if the Dutch and Aujtriam Iiad been fubdued, France would have been more formidable Rival, and diis Kingdoii in greater Danger of a Conqucft by the Arr of Lems than before ; and whether the Ball lance of Power in F,urope, would have bccj turned by fuch Jtn Event more ftrongly again! this Nation, the only Confideration worth j of an FAigliJh King and Englijb People. ^ Had Leivh then been unchecked in hi Career of Conqueft, and £/;^/tf ;/^ remaine enjoying the Blelfings of Peace, and unintcil niptcd Comtnerce j had the United Proving fallen die \''idims of his Arms, what \vou( this Nation have loft, or i.eivis gained tliis Incrcafc of Dominion ? Or in whi Manner would the Ballance of Power \\\\\ been altcicd, rclpe^iling the People ol" /:iwi iatiii r WouJ ( 25 ) Would the Commerce of J-JoIIandhscvc encreafed under a defpotic Power, and be- cc;me more the Rival of England in that par- ticular than before ? Would a People infa- tuated with republican Principles, have tarried under the Dominion of an abfolute Monarch as conquered Subjects ? Would not the Rich have retired to tliis Kingdom with their Ef- fcdls, and the others, as a Refolution was tiien formed, have drowned their Lands, and by their Ships have transfered themfelves to Batavia and the Cape of Good Hope} in which Situation they might have become a more lucrative Objedt of Commerce to this Nation, than they could have been whilft clhblilhcd in Europe. But let it be fuppofed that Nation would have remained and traded under the defpotic Power of Francff^sa conquered People; what Branch of Commerce could we have loft by tiiat Alteration ? Did the Dutch ever in Pre- Icrcncc to us, purchafe a Commodity from Englmdy which rhight be bought cheaper in t'dfice ? And if tlie French had prohibited -ill Commerce with England^ could Holland have been obliged to trade with France againft its Intercll? Would not the Manufadures of tills Cuuntrv tlicn untaxed and to be reiiuereJ 1:; fg .:? h ^ m.wm \' ,■> ( 26 ) io cheap, have found their Way all over the I World, even into the United Provinces, in Spite of all the Prohibition of France ? And ihould not we have become the Carriers and Venders of our Commodities, to thofe Places and People where the Dutch had before tranfported them, and have added at leaft fheProiitofFreioht to that of manufaduriiiQ-? By this would not our Sailors have been cn- ereaied in Number, and the genuine Source of Power in Erghn^, become more fonni- dable ? And would not that drown'd and flcrilc Condition, from which the Dutch \\x^ emerged by freeing themfelves from Spanifi Dcfpotifm, have again returned, by beconiin:,j the conquered Provinces of Trance ? Arc not thefe Effects as natural, as it is for Waters to Jeck the lowcft Groiuid in their Mcnndcrs? And laflly, was not HollimH at that Time the Rival of England, in the moft im}X)rtant View, our Trade? was it not our Intcrell then to fee ji humbled ? ,11 1 Such then being the moft probable Con- fcquences, wliat could France have obtained by this C(jnquel1: ? Sea-Ports (lie had already more favourably fituated on the Channel, to annoy our Trade by Privateers to extend her own, and to make Dcfccnti; on this Ifland ; bcfidcs all over tfic] tovinces, in >^ance ? And L'arriers and thole Places had before ded at Icaft iiufadluriiig ? avc been en- [luine Source more formi- irowii'd and .c Dutch had from Spanifi bv becoiiiinc; ^jcc ? Arc not [:)r Waters to Meanders ? hat Time the I iinjx)rtant Intcrellthcii lobable Con- lave obtained had already 1 Channel, to extend her this I (land ; bcfidcs ( 27 ) hefides thofe In the Mediteranean, and at that Time not half employed j an Army alfo mud have been maintained, to have held the Turbulence of Dutchmen in Subjection, and the Dykes preferved to keep the I /and , from drowning ; the Expence of which being enormous, would have induced the Fre/ic/j either to have r.egledtcdtlie Latter, and over- whelmed the Country, or exhaufled her Finances, and employed her Troops in pre- lerving what could not under adefpotic Head have half fupplied, that which was neceflary |oii fuch Occalion and for fuch Defigns. Thus then would not the Conqueft of the [United Provinces, have free'd you from your ICommercial Rival, and weakened the Power lof that which was fuch by Situation ? and Iconfequently would not the Ballance of Power fsit refpedled this Land, have become more your Favor. There is not perhaps a more fallacious Opinion in political Affairs, than that Extent f)i Dominion creates an Extent of Power ; a Review of the Fate of all pap: and prefent Empires of vaft Territory, conquered from Vir Neighbours, evince the contrary of that ^rervjitioHi ruit mole fua, is true of all large . I '• ^ ;'t; '■r' I "■:!l It" i If tl (I "^-'h y lr\ irH lif^ J'M '«K r,, . ( 28 ) large Empires ; as well as of the Ronian ; it is I indeed true alfo, that there is a certain Exter.t of Dominion, below which a State cannot arrive at the full EfFedt of Power, which a Government may acquire : It is equally triic| alfo, that beyond this it again falls into Im- potence and Decay like the Animal Body oil a Dwarf: in the firft Inftance, the Limbsl are not vigorous enough to anfwer to the ani- mating Power which it contains ; and in tlicl fecond, like an enormous Body, whcR the Soul is not fufficient to ad^uate its Bulk in Truth the Subjedls are more happy, ant more free under a State, between the t\v( Extremes, than under either of the otheisj even though the Government in the original Plan of each, fliould be equally Defpotic and the Sovereign is more powerful than thai of a vart: Dominion ; the Subjedts of the vc^ nal Prince of Hrjfc-Cajfel^ and of the EmJ prels of all the Rujjia^^^ are equally undei the Dominion of defpotic Princes, witli thofd of France j and yet the Subjedls of the Fori mer from his contracted Territories, and ol the Second from her extended, are beyond Comparilon in a more arbitrary Conditionj Iti a litde State the Individuals are oppreM and harraffed to find Taxes and Revenues] fpr their needy Mafters, or fold to other Sc vereigni ( 29 ) vcrci^^ns as the I^^IcrccnarvBandb of Prnpcrtv. to enrkli their Tyrant's Cotlcrs : In grcai Empires it is necellary they mull be held in more abject Siibmiirion, lell Diftance from the Court, and tlie want of immediate Su- pervifal, fliould create an Inclination to re- iufe their Taxes, and excite an Occafior- of Rebellion; which Latter muftbe levied with great Gentlenefs through Fear, left otherwifc Oppreflion may not rcftrain diem from taking Arms : One is too It.le to polTefs much Force, the Other too large to draw and ex- ert thofe Poweni which belon? to the middle State of Empire: Little States however free even in their Conftitutions, like Animals in a Cage, though not chained, are encircled and continually running againft their Confines, in the leaft Excurfion of Liberty or Power j which for ever tell them they do no enjoy true Liberty ; Whilft the Sovereigns of large Dominions, though defpotic to cxcefs, can- not put in Exertion their whole Force from the Impoffibility of attending to all Circum- ftances and availing thcmfelves of every Power : Lilte the W aters of a River too dif- fufed, it lofes that Depth and Power of car- rying great Things, which it poflclTed ly be- ing circumfcribed within more moderate Li- inits i tliis want of Power then that attends even ^. -■' * Ui^ 4 i,< i' J .1 > '' ill !' If' #1, ■ -•«¥* ""k' '--7; 1 !• n .'A' i ( 3° ) «vcn a vafl Empire, the Sovereign legally in- herits, is exceflively increafed by an extended Dominion formed by Conqueft. Let me now imagine that the Monarch of France^ had overrun all Germany^ and fubdued it to his Arms ; would not his Concjuefts have created him ftill new and more formidable Enemies, by the recent Extent of his Boun- daries ? inftcad of Germans, would not the Turk, Pole, Rufsiiin, Dane and Swede, have be- come the jealous Neighbours of his encreaf^ ing Empire ? Would they have beheld his ex- tended Domain with folded Arms and Inat- tention ? nay had he conquered all thefe, even to the Shores of China ; in what Senfe would it have increafed his Powers againft England? Would not the Conqueft of Ger~ many, and the Support of it, have employed his Subjects, Riches, and Powers, and witheld his Views entirely from the Objcdts of em- proving Commerce, in extending which alone he can be efFedually the Rival of Eng- land, France then by ftretching her Domi- nion over all Germany, wonld only have weakened her Power, as it refjpeds this Ifland J Lands indeed may be fubdued by a Conqueror, but will not his original Sub- jeds be impoveriflied by the Conqueft ? Will the Minds of a warlike Nation tamely ac- quifcQ ( 3' ) quiefce .a Obedience to their new Lord, eC pecially where innate Averfion has defcended from Father to Son, through all preceding Generations, as it hath through the Germans for the French ; by what Means would Prance have held that Country in Subjedioa, to prevented the Inllirredions and Revolt of her new Subjects, and Attacks of new Ene-* mies ? would flie have entirely ruined the Nations which compofe that Empire ? What I Advantage would Ihe then have derived from her Conquefl by the Acquifition of an un- peopled Country ? Would the Fr^w^/j Monarch have quitted I the Delights of Fra?2cey and refided amongft Brutes in Germany y to hold that People iiv Subjedlion ? And if he had chofen tliat Ex- pedient, would tlie Natives of his hereditary Kingdoms remained ftedfaft in their Fidelity towards him, who tho' the bell of Subje(fls to thofe Princes, whom they believe purfuing the Nation's Welfare, are ftill the declared Ene- lilies of thofe who feek their Ruin ? Learn then troin them and their Parliaments what a Na- tion ought to purfue ! Had the Conqueror continued the fame Laws and Conftitution to m new Subjedls, and fent Viceroys to govern ill his Stead, muft he not have lupported a vafl y: 1 ■ ! ,(',1, / i'.i.'; 4 , ■( m m '51 v. 7 and reigning over Gcrmajiyy could the i^rcuch occupied in the Affairs of that Pofid- iion, have elFcdtually becc^me the commercial Kivals cf diis Natit^n ? would not all Atten- tion to that Obic(5lhave been ncgledled? Such mull have been the Eflie^ft of indulging Fnndi < 33 ) French Thirft after JniveiUl Empire, in that' Monarch, with Refped to England', Conqueft could have added no Fleet to invade your Coaft, and even his Land Forces, by being more engaged, muft have been virtually di- minilhed alfo in their Influence on this Illand; tlie maritime States oi Denmark^ Swede?i and Rufsia, would have been more eafily aflifted by you, than Germany can be ; and ^pain and Portugal^ our natural and lucrative Al- lies, jealous of French Power, become more clofely united widi EngldnJ, in Commerce and in Friendfhip. In talking of the Balance of Power a- mongft Nations j that figurative ExprefTion has ever been taken from the Idea of a Pair of Scales, where equal Weights in each, pre- Ibrve the Beam ujpright 5 but that is not the cnly Image of ballancing Power, there is yet anodier as analogous and juft the Steelyard ; which by being extended to a gre^t Length, may be made to counterbalance any Weight near the Center of its Motion : and in this Manner, France in ftretching her Domini- ons by Conqueft, would have countervailed her own natural Importance at Home, whilft England at Eafe, and in Peace, increafing in Wcalihj Einprefs of the Ocean, her Taxes F eafy, . tf ( I'. I ji m ?A w IP iCirn: '■;';i ~~^ ■ (!'■"* "it wink J iM*|i ■ ( 34 ) OAiy, and her SuKjecls unmortgaged, mu{[\ jiave liecoine the Dread of French Ambition [ and Arbitrels of Europe. Such it appears to me would have been the natural Effeds oti Things from the juileft Comparifon I can draw, between Events which have happened in hmilar Conjundures. But a foreign King blalled all the blooming Expe<£latioii of that favorable Occafion ; Dutch Interefl van- cjuiHied that oi Ef7gland^ Averfion to Zmj drew us to oppofe France in her Chimera of] Uni'ixirfa} Empire, and formed the firft Links CI diat Chain, which hath lince fo fatallv en- crcafed, and bound you to all the Curfes of being united with the Continent, under the] ledu(!:tive Terms of Protellant Intereft, Ger- man Liberty, and Balance of Power. There is yet another Viev/ of our Confederacy witli the Dutch and the Emperor, which merits Coniiderntion ; it is what might have proved the prc'bable Confequcnce of this Alliance in conq'-icring France', but as during this Dutch- man s Reign, your Lives and Money were inglorioi.ily I'quandered without Vidory, I purpv^iblv omit it till the Tranfadlions in the Reign of Queen Ann are laid before you. During the Reign of this Dutch King, died the lamented Duke o^ Qbucejier^ the mull (TS) Imoft afflicting Cataftrophe with which Heaven Itill that Time, had vifitcd this Iflc j from hvhat a Prolpedl of Felicity was this Kingdom Ithen cut off; had the Almighty defigned Ihim to rule this Land, what immenfe Trea- [fures you would have pofiefled, what Deluges iEngliJh Blood had been unlavifhed, what Bumberlefs Subjects had been fpared, who have fince fattened the Eagles of Germany with leir Gore ; what Floods of Tears already led and ilill to be poured forth, would then have been prevented ; Minifters could not kve facrificed you to the Intereft of German lienors, and Party had been extinCt in per- ed Union ; ye had laboured and fpread your Sails, ye had fown and reapt for yourfelves, and for an Englijh King alone ; the Voice of .amentation and mourning for England neg- ted and undone, had been unheard in kour Streets ; the Intereft of you and your So- fereigh, the Objedt of your and his Wiflies id been the fame ; your Honour had been nviolate, your Faith unbroken, your Cou- [age unabated by Corruption, Effeminacy d Sloth} ye had been revered amongft: the Rations, God and Religion had reigned per your Adions, and the Conflitution of ^e Realm remained untainted and entire. F2 Op .:'■■ y i':l^ I [ y i 1 \ i ( 36 ) Of thefe BleiTings you were then deprived, Heaven in Wrath againfl Rnglijhmen un- mindful of the Blifs which it had be- flowed them, by indulging a Dutch King with purfuing Dutch Interefts, to the undo- ing of themfelves and Country, and in ]urt Punilhment to their Sins, fnatched this precious Being to itfelf, and the illuftrious rio\ire of ILifiover was feated on the Throne of thofe Kingdoms. IV i Hi am conquered by the Man he hated, having chained you to, continental Interefls, laviflied immenfe Sun^^s of EngUfl} Treafure, on German and Dutcb\ Meafures, mortgaged you for ten Millions of^ Money, and fpread Corruption on all Degrees of Men, was now fummoned to Anfwcrfor| his SinSjwhich as the Effed: of them ftill con- tinues vigoroufly operating to your undoing, it may be prefumed that Heaven did not lightl] punifli ' ^ . ^-^- . the ungrateful Offender. Ann afcending the Throne without IiriieJ and in Confcqucnce of the Ad of Settlement] the Kingdom was divided into two Parties! during her whole Reign. One Side imagined that as no Precaution had been taken to pre cure from the Houfc of Hanover ^ a Rcnun^ ciation of its German Dominions, that \t\ Confcqucnce of that Ncglcdl, every Quarrel ( 37 ) in Germany would involve you In War, to the endlefs wafling of your Blood and Wealth, and the Neglcd of EngJijh Welfare, till it would conclude in your Ruin ; and notwith- ftanding a Provifion was made by P — t, that England fliould never engage in a W^ar on that Account, ihefe Men knew that one P 1 frequently abrogated the Adts of a Former, and particularly when the King who chufes his Minifters, has a Mind to pro- duce fuch an Alteration ; they were convinced alio that German Rapacioufnefs was never to be fated, whilft any Thing remains for them to devour j that being bred Defpotic, they arc Enemies to Liberty, and love none but ilavilhSubjedsj they believed alfo thattheDan- gcr of converting the Kingdom to the Catholic Religion, by the Rcturnof the cSVw^r/;, was not an Objed to be dreaded equal with your [Dcing chained to German Intcrefts. On the other Hand the Hanoverian Ert" glifimen trembled for the Proteftant Caufe, and all the Scdarics were eternally trumpet- ing the BlefTings which mufl attend the com- ing of the Houfe oi^ Hanover y the Prcil)ytcrian Mefliah j and that the Scarlet Whore, Popery and Slavery, Fire and Faggot, mull mod cer- tainly • i #■ ' .if, y. . '' 'i i '■■', f^, t!' ♦ ! 1*2 s hi' ( 38 ) tamly be the infcperable Attendants of the re- turn of tlie Houfe of Stuart, What Evils a Stuart on the Throne of England would have produced, can be but a fpeculative Conlideration at prefent j however it may be perfectly difcerned v/hat are the Bleflings which came with a North-Eaft Wind from Germany^ and the EfFe<3:s of them were never more confpicuous than at this unparallel'd Moment. As thefe two Parties were then violent in Extremes; Oppofition to each other, rather than the Nations Welfare, adluated both of themi like a Ship between violent and oppo- Ung Winds, this State was equally diftre&d on all Sides ; till at length the Hanoverian Party prevailing, this Kingdom was again linked to German Wclfiue, a War was be- gun, and that Ruin continued, which had been io fatally commenced in the preceding Dutch Reign. Besides this a Similarity of Dcfigns cooperated to produce tlie Meafures which were undertaken, the Intcrefts of two Fami- lies which probably cared but little for each other at the Bottom 3 it was that of Marl- borough, rhrone of 1 be but a } however It are the Jorth-Eafl Effeds of IS than at Dcfigns lires which two Fami- for each of Marl- borough, (39) hroughy and that of Brunjwick; the Former made illuflrious by its own Actions and De- fcrts in War, the Latter aggrandized hy your Fathers piefenting it with the Crowns of thofe Realms ; however the Eftabhfliment of the Latter, the Ambition, Avarice and Glory of the Former, were equally concerned, and equally A d : : ' ,r; '«1( ( '. .»:!>;■ (4oi oppofed ; and the moft, if not the only eNJ feAual Method of making War Advanta-I gioufly to England was grc2itly neglcdledjhadj we then employed our Men, Money, amis Maritime Force, in driving the French fronxj their Settlements in j^d, Africa^ and AmC'\ rica, their Source of Commerce had beei dried up, and their Sea-Ports i^endered ufc- lefi; and infucha Situation the Delignofn- valing us in Trade, had been totally eradi cated J neither that nor any Nation however advantageoufly fituated their Sea-Ports mH be, can extend a Commerce, when the Means of Trading are cut oiF, and certainly Franc would never have thought of building a for- , midable Navy, to protedt a Trade whiclj could not exill, and which Fleet muft hav^ been ufclcfs through Want of Sailors. »■ » • . This only Method of procuring Grandeu . to Englitnd, was grievoufly negledcd, b]| Means of the Marlborough Intercfl, aiK -through a Scries of pernicious Conqucll: i^ J2//rc/>f', we fcjuandcred immcnfe Sums, an| encreal'cd die national Debt to fifty Millioiisj by afl'iRing the7)w/c7jandGfrwr7;;j,;ind oppcj ling that IVcir/y in Lewis XIV. fo propilioij • to E^'g/i/b Wclfiirc. In Confcquence of this . our Trade inflead of being extended, wJ , .. . . . opprdicJ pin (41 ) oppreiTcd by Taxes, and the Frcjjch at length Cured of their romantic Folly, began to lee that Commerce only can give Riches and Strength to a People already fo numerous ; which Manner of thinking hath (incc genera- ted in them Opinions diametrically oppofite to the Former j they are convinced that great Extent of Dominion, added to the prefent, would enfeffble their Energy, as it hath all other States; hence Manufactures, Commerce, Agriculture, andencreafing Colonies, have ta- ken Place of Univerfal Empire in their Minds, and their chief Attention fmce that Time, hath been vigoroully and propitioufly applied to encreafc thofc Objcds, and to confmer tho Rhine even in many Parts, too diftant a Boundary for Gallic Welfare j thus by the Conqefts of Marlborough^ L^wis v^as not only pcrnicioufly check'd in his Advances to the Conqucfl of Germany^ but more pernici- oudy diverted from that Purfuit, and turned into others, which have fince proved exqui- fitcly more fatal to this Kingdom, than the EtForts of his Arms could ever have proved. In this Manner the Foundation of their C;randcur and of your undoing, was firmly laid, by turning their Thoughts from Em- pire to Trade, and ncglcding England, for Germany and HoihirJ. There are I know G many P' \ .1 k ^M, Pi u ( 42 ) many People who flill imagine the Duke cf ALir/oo/ougb^wovAd have treed yoiifrom your Rival and your Fears in every Scnfe, if Peace had not been concluded by a Change of theMinillryj whether a better Peace could have been made by dioie who concluded that, it is not my Purpofe to examine in this Place ; but certainly it will be made evident, that a War continued on the Terms this was carried on, tho' the General had been annu- ally crov/ncd with Laurels, mull: have termi- nated mcne fatally in the Ruin of this People: at leall I am certain this mull appear to be the OpLnicn of thofe Miniflers who fucceedcd in GiO'gc's Rcigi^j however repugnant thc^v fcemed to be to it, or that no Men were ever io perfiuioufly Enemies to their Country. For difuJvantagiouily as this Peace was conclude.!, and liowcver favorable lor the continuing tlic War tliofe Times might be, Scafons infinitely niore promiling fmce that- Time, for fubdu- ir.'j' Fr'imiw, have arrived and been totally d>.liegarilcd,to the ablolute Neglcdt o't Etii^lip Intercf'u', and in Puruiltuf thofeof i-^j/iO-Lvv : "And thiii cv.:r. by thofe vciy Men, who c(mi- .tra<5ting Alluincci widi France^ w'ncn it v»a;j rlu ir Duty and vour Intercllto have utiited v/ith . i>p ////,anii when it was the moll: prac^ticable ot ,;i]l humaiuhin^s to have reduced her to any .' ., ' Terms, m'\ i;:!;!'?'i ■ Duke cf rom your )cnfe, if Change ace could ;oncluded who c(>n- cn it wivi [lited with ^ticablc of cr to iiny Terms ( 43 ) Terms ftill execrated the Mlniflcrs w ho con- cluded t^.*^ Treaty o^ Utrecht, But let me indulge mvfelf in attempting to difcover what might have been the Etlcdts of War, continued at the Time die Peace of Utrecht was concluded j we had then been ten Years in Vidory, and no<- yet got out oi Flanders-, our Allies had never furniihcd their Quotas in Men and Money; we had opprefl'ed our Trade and Subjcdls by Taxes ; cncreafcd the national Debt to Fifty Millions, and negledled to drive the French from their Colonies and Settlements. Thefc were the Advantages which wc had reaped from the Conqucfksof Marl'wrot/gh. The Battle of M^V- \fla'^n€t proved a Vi! . ■,» I,' i ;:, r .:\ i mm mm ■■■] m 1 fet; ( 44) which his Death or Defeat, would have put a a End to the Conqueft of France^ Marllial Mil- iars having proved that he was fuperior to Prince Eugene in Gencralflilp, fccond in mili- tary Knowledge to the Duke, the Campaign after Marlborough quitted the Command. Tins Affair of Conqueft then was exceed- ingly problematical taken in this Light, and tliough every EngliJIoman was poffefTed widi the Idea of marching to the Gates of Paris^ there remained yet many Obftacles to be fur- mounted, and Cities to be taken, before that could have been accomplifhed ; and then hov^ever exhaufted of Money France might \ have been, the Circumftances of Defpair, Attachment to their Monarch, and a Senfe of Honour innate in them, would have created new Refources amongft that People, proba- bly not to be overcome in lefs Time than had been employed to conquer Flanders j this then muft according to the Proportion of en- crcafing Debts, have mortgaged the People of England for a Hundred Millions -, and ab- folutely ruined your Manufadures by enor- mous Taxes, and Death of your Fellow Sub- jects ; though it had terminated in the ab- iblutc Conqueft of all France, I/F.T me fuppofe then that France had! been cor.qucrs^d, iti what Manner would you have vc put a a •thai Vil- iperior to d in mili- IJampaign jnand, as exceed- L.ight, and TeSed wkh 5 of Parisy ;s to be fur- before that ; and then ranee might of Defpair, d a Senfe of ave created pie, proba- Time than Wtfrjjthis rtion of en- the People s J and ab- 8 by enor- ellow Sub- in the ab- ^rajice bad] would you iwvc . / 45 ) ^ . ^ . have difpofed of the Conqueil - Any Acqiu- iitioii of thofe Territories to En^fau,!^ would have been rccuring to tivj fume JVIikblel" which fhe felt durinr^ that 7'iine, when hcf Kings poflefs'd Territories in ihc. gullii: Kingdom, and an Aggravation of the pre- fent ; would you have given that Reahn to the Emperor of GeriKairj ? And then Sf^ain France^ and tlie Empire had been under the fame Head ; becaviic tlic Bdiri'on Family by the Defeat of Fra?:cc, coi\\A not have been eftabliflied in Spain. This certainly would not have been the Means ol prcferving the Balance of Pov/cr : if you had given France or any Part of it to the Dutch ; would not you have encreafed tlie Pov/cr of your commer- cialRivals ? And as it is eternally true, that the Advantages arifing from the Product and Si- tuation of a Kingdom, will in a very little Time determine the Sovereign to purfue the hiterell of himfelf and his People, however obliged he may be to thofe who gave it liim, if no unconnc6led and more favourite Part does not prevail over the good of that Vvhich is mod: worthy of Regard and Confi- deration. Unlefs then thePorts of France and her Situation on both Seas in Eurcpey could have been removeil ; her Produce annihila- ted or rendered ufclcfs j into whatever Hands thefc !,«. . . i =^1 ,\ C46) tliefe had fallen, cither Dutch or Germai?^ they muft in one Generation a Minute in the Duration of a Kingdom, have induced the Sovereigns of it to follow the natural Intereil of thofe Realms, and fupport the Advan- tages of their PofTcfTions, and in this Cale have become as cffcdtually the immediate Ri- vals of Ev glands as thofe who had been dri- ven from them. ^ ^ i Let us fuppofe that France by a Peace had been oblicred to have limited the Number, or even to have pofTcilednoMenof War j would this Obligation have been obferved when flic emergedlromlier Decline? Suppofing fliehad been circumlcribed even in ner Number of Merchant Ships ; would not the Dutch have gladly become the Carriers of her Trade, and fupplicd her Colonies? Thus her Manufactures would have found Encourage- ment, and a Veiit by Means of that People, as they mufl: have been rendered much cheaper than yours, incumbered with a Debt of a Hiuidred Millions, as it probably would have been at the End of a War, in which you had conquered France', Thus then iiad dieir Colonies remained to the French^ whatever Conqueft we might have made \ no Advantage of long Duration could have been Germany Lte in the uced the I Ii^tereil Advau- :his Cafe ;dii\tc Ri- aeen di> Peace had Limber, or ir ; would when (lie ig (lie had k'umber of utch have sr Trade, Thus her ncourage- Lt People, ;d much ith a Debt »ly would in which lius then Frenchy made ; )uld have been ( 47 ) been drawn from it j let me fiippofe however that by the Articles of Peace, the Colonics of France were to have been yielded up to her Conquerors ; would not the T)utcl\ and even the GcrmanS'y have laid their Claims to I their Dividend, and thus have rifen to be your Rivals as effectually as the French f Tlius in every View which lean fuggefl, nopermanent Profperity could have been derived from the War, unlefs by your own proper and natural Strength you had driven the Jplr^/z^/j from their Colonies, kept the Poilellion to yourfelves, or lleft them delcrt ; this only could have ren- Icred the French incapable of being a com- linerical State, and of drawing to England |thc Advantages which are alone the juft Ob- •ctsofaV/ar; and Ivave not fuch Purfuits been Imoll Ihaniefully neglected from the Revolu- Ition to this Hok'.r, by the pernicious and pre- IvAiling Influence of Aullriany Dutch and y^huiovtrian Interefls, over the Welfare of YJ\%iand. But in Faft there was at that Time no iCauie of Quarrel againft France on the Ac-' |counL of Commerce j the fole Motives which :rc afilinied for it, were the Vifions of the JProteftant Literefl:, German Liberties, and the |B;ih>nce of Power : And this may be received f an cicrnal Truth, that Trade will always feck \' ■ ! -1. 'I ,1,1 ■•I*'! it ' I, ,■ ■ i., '-■■ : y \- !!., I ' 1,' 'U. f • U . "i (48 ) feek the clieapeil: Market, as naturally aad as nccelTarily as heavy Bodies tend to the Cen- ter i and that England equally taxed, or equally untaxxd with France, can make and render her Manufadlures at cheaper Price? j than that Nation j and in Conlequence there j never could have exiiled a national Cauie of War on that Account, fince Commerce could i never have declined, but from the iniquitous Proceedin2:s of Sovereic;ns and Miniflers. War! then at prefentfpringsfromRefentment againllj the increafing Commerce of a People, force*. into Trade by England's oppoling their Arms in Favor of Dutch and Germans j and whid it has fmce cheriflied, by following the Dic- tates ofi? — r, and oppreffingherown Maiiu- fa'fl uresandMerchandifeby immenfeTaxes. Fr^zAcC then though you have made her you Rival, is not naturally your Enemy, at leaf jQie mufl: have been an ineffectual one, but foj the prevailing IntereAs of alien Nations. It ij not therefore her Intereil that you lofe youl Liberty, it i\\?.y be that you preferve it ! tinl your Eyes then towards Germany^ tlierc yoj will perceive the poifoncd Source of all yoiJ Calamities^ i^f ^^ hichyou havefo largely dran'j wbxfc Intereil-, wliole Wifh, and whole Pur fuit it is that ye become Slaves, the more d feclui'lly to fupport her Quarrels and Pun faits; and I lincerely wifli the dillirr^cdi (49) Day may never come, when ye fhall be obliged to implore Protedlion for your Liber- ties from thole very Rivals, whom ye are now induftrioully taught to hate, to keep your Attention from the Objeds of your Ruin. Notwithflanding the fatal Abfurdities which appear hitherto in our Condudt, witli Relpedt to oppofing France, and fupporting Germany ; there are yet many who are con- vinced that it is iHU the Intereft of England to fuflain the Germans ; this however they acknowledge has never been rightly purfued to this Hour: it is to reduce the Empire under one Head: by this Means to make it a formi- dable Rival to France, and an eligible and potent Ally to England, From that Way of Proceeding, unhappily for you^ your Con- nexion with Hanover hath moft efFedtually cut you off J for the Intereft of France, and that Elcdorate in this View being the fame ; it will foon be perceived how fatally it has operated to oppoie all fuch Delign. Is it not the Intereft of France to keep the prefent irrational Syftem of Germany alive, to pre- ferve the Power of creating Difcord and Op- pofition amongfl the Elefiors y to prevent a Union of Strength, by purchafing one to dc- ftroy another, whenever fhe chufes to inter- ferein the Affairs ofthe Empire? in like Man- H net :■' 1 ! 'ir . ' !- ' 'I :'"-^';i|j'.i. 't I I 'i . li m ■', '' ( 50 ) - ner is it not the Intcreft of Hanover to prefert^e the lame ridiculous Syflem of the Empire 't otherwife linking into Oblivion and Con- tempt, that Electorate mull be abforb'd by that Power which would unite and reign over all Germany, In this Manner the Intercft of Trance and Hanover y being perCedtly iimilar; and that of J5/7^/j/?^/ diametrically oppolite to them j has it not fatally followed, that this Kingdom has never engaged in the Defign of uniting all the German Dominions under one Ifcad, but cor- refponded with tlie Views of France in Favor of the Briinjivick Family, till it is I fear dil- abled from purfuing the oppnlite Defign, if ever it fhould be happily detached from the deftrudive Influence of Hanover ir^nCowwcW^) thus in this View and in this Manner, France and }\arwver have been, and ftill continue to be, equally the Enemies of you and youi* Welfare. • Impffd much may be offered in Favor of fucli a PuHiiit, Jw vou a Naticn which bv yoiirConf itnrion fl:ill pretend to be Fiti ; if wor.ld dd:vcT the Lives of your fellow Cica- tuies ti-om the oppnffivc Tyranny of being ^old the inhuman Commerce ot pnultry Gum an 11 ii * to prefeiTff ic Empire ? and Con- ibforb'd by d reign over France and and that of thetHj has ngdom has iting all the ad, but cor- cr in Favor is I fear dil- ; Dcfign, if ;d from the « Councils? :icr, France cnntinuc to I and youi" in Favor of whidi bv IC l^'l CC ; it' How Cic.i- ^ of bcin^f; of pnultry Gtrman < p ) German Princes j as by fuch an Union the imperial Dominions would become fuflkiently extenfive for every Kindot Support, in Peace or War, and no longer neceffitatc tluir rapa- cious Sovereigns to live on the Sale ol human Blood. • . • .., . But as the ducal Crown muflhavc thereby tumbled irom the Head of the Eledfor of Hanover^ though the royal Diadem of Eng- latidy muft have been flrcngthened and fup- ported by that Meafurc, Britania like the Slaves around the Statue of Lewis the Four- tecntli, has been ridiculoufly chained to the Bafe of Abfurdity and Ruin, beneath thc^Feet of that Elcdor. ; . . ... . ." In tills Way the mod plaufible Reafons for iiUcrfcrcing in German Mcafures, and the moft rational Purfuit of Englandy in fuch Affairs have been rendered abfolutcly incf- feftual, by your fatal Connedions with Hanover, Is this however, though the leafl culpable of all the Ways by which German Tranfac- tions can become an Object of Englijb Aitcn' tion, a fufficient Motive for your enga- ging therein, and chaining yourfclvcs to the H 2 Curfea I'sJ^ ■t ,fia 1 * '1 n (so Curfes of a Continent, to renounce the Bleflings which God hath fo remarkably be- ftowed on this IHand, by feparating it fron> the reft of Europe f Hence it evidently appears, that duringthe Conquefts of Marlborough, as in the Defeats of the Uutchman, the true Intereft oi England was totally negledted for German Views and private Ambition ; that at the Conclufion of the War, you were only more difabled from purfuing the Advantages of Peace; your Manufidurcs and Commerce being loaded with greater Taxes, and a 'Debt of Fifty Millions ; u^' ; .^^at was yet more pernicious by your ill jiu ;^ ,^ Oppofition to the delufive Dream of Univcrfa) Empirt% the French were recovered from that Delirium, and converted^ by the Powers which they perceived Com- merce had given you, to difcover the in- variable Objeds of their Purfuit, the Support of Trade and Colonies. Thus by the Arms of Marlborough^ being beaten into a true Scnfe of their Situation, Duty and Inte- reft, they have been rendered infinitely a more powerful Rival, and more invincible Enemy againft this Nation, than the Conqucft of all the European Continent could have made jthcm. In tliis msaincr the true and perma* ncnt rr- ; ^. mce the :ably be- lt frorn luringthfi e Defeats ^England 'lews and clufion of bled from cej your ig loaded of Fifty pernicious e delufive neb were onverted^ ed Com- r the in- e Support by the en into a nd Inte- y a more Enemy eft of all I made perma* pent ( 53 ) nent EfFe\',4" (S6) fsafily removed by a King who had no other Vit'Avs then thofe of making you a profperous and happy People. To evince the Trudi of this, and prove how fatally the Influence of Hanover fuper- fcded all the fortunate Occafionswhich offered then, and immed'ately after, it is neceffaryto acquaint you with the Situation of the States oi Europe, at the Death of Queen Ann, At that Time this Kingdom was in per- fect Tranquility with every Potentate of the Continent. Peace had been concluded With Francth, by this the Pretender was driven from the Territories of that Crown ^ the Pro- tcftant Succeflion in the Hanoverian Family acknowledged, and Gurantied by that Power to the Crowns of thefe Realms j Lewis the Fourteenth in old Age and Infirmities (land- ing on the Threfhold of the other World, looking back with Regret on his Ad:ions and Behaviour in this ; Peace and a Treaty of Commerce had been concluded with t^pnit?y by which the Proteftant Succeffion in the Houfe of Hanover was likewife acknow- ledged, and never to be oppofed on any C'oii- lidcration whatfcever; all Power of giving Licences to the trench^ or to any other Na- tion, . (57) tioii, to introduce Negroes or other Mer- chandife into the Spanijh Dominions in Ante*' rica was totally given up by Spain -, the Ame^ rican Dominions were never to be alienated from the SpaniJJj Crown on any Pretext; Gibraltcr and Minorca were yielded up foi* wcr to the Crown <^i England \ the South- Sea Company to enjoy the Privilege of felling Negroes in feveral Parts of America for Thirty Years. To the Duke of Savoy, now King of Sardinia, Sicily was yielded up alfo, with the Provifo of its returning to Spain, in Default of Male IlTue in the Houfe of Piedmont* I.-'.: r ■ With the Emperor and Holland we were in perfe(fl Peace and Alliance, each Gua- rantee of the Proteftant Succeilion. In the North the Czar, Prufsia and Den^ mark, were in Peace with England, and en-» gaged in a War againft Sweden^ whofe King was at that Time at Bender » fii I England refpcded for her military At- ihcivcments through the whole World, had but two Objcdts which ought to have engaged licr Attention; reducing me national Dcbt^ urid promotin^^ her Trade and Com- I mcrce : »r 1 fll ( 58 ) mcrce : Such were the aufpicious Circum* ftanccs which fubfifled when George alcended the Throne of England ; but alas ! the ma- L'gnant Star of Ha^toveriofi Politics then be- coming in the Afcendant, in all the Tran- fadlions of this Kingdom, blafled every blooming Promife of approaching Happinefs ; and tho' Events in Favor of your rclicitv, came pouring in upon you, beyoiid the molt fanguine Expectation of Patriot EnthufuiJiii ; though George had it in his Power to have immortalized himfelf, by rendering you fu- premely profperous; it will be fecn that ye were confidered only as the Gladiators of old Rome, doomed to fell and iacrifico yourfelves for the Entertainment and Advantage of the Eleflor oi llamvcr. Hi' ■ f-i George at his Acceflion to this Crown was naturally agitated by the Sulpicion of be- in? dethroned, in Preference to the Houfe of Stuo' t ', it was dierckre as natur d for him to attempt encrcnfing his Gernuw Dominions at your Expcnce, that at leall his coming to this Kingdom n^.ight prove of fome Advan- tage to him. Which Maximbcing adopted hy his I\linil\crs to procure dicmlclves Stability, and conciliate b\ivor, it fo fell out that by the Time the Apprchcnfion of Inftability on this Circum-* alcended the nia- ; then be- lie Trail- ed every iappinefs ; • Fclicltv, \ the moil ithufi'cifm ; er to have ig you fu- cn that ye iters of old yourfelves tage of the ( 59 ) this Throne from the Intercft of the Stuart Sy was ahnoft vaniflied, fb many Tranfadlions had been completed to the Advancement of Hanover, and the Ruin of England^ that thefe had created a fecondary and new Dread of being diiplaced by a People fo egregioufly injured on the Account of German Predilec- tion ; this then ftill kept alive the fame Fear (?f being dethroned on that Account, fo flrong in the illuflrious Family, and therefore the- fame Propenlity of fubjedting England to the Views of Hanover^ that it has been faid with fome Authority, the late Queen confci- ous of fuch Proceedings to the Injury of a People tenacious of their Rights and Liber- ties, imagining the Nation would one Day be acquainted with all the Wickcdnefs (he knew, and that the Hour muft come when national Infblyency would purge the Film from all Eyes, died fledfaflly believing the Family was not firmly eftablifhed on the Throne of thofe Realms. George in leaving his Hanoverian State, by taking off the Excife on Provifions, be- haved like a Sovereign who loved and che- rirticd his People ; fcarce had his Head been iiuTounded with the regal Diadem o^Eng* larjdy than his Miniflcr dip'd his Hand into 1 2 the .."■iif ^:^\^ ''' I V- (60) the Purfe of this Nation, and thence took two Hundred and Fifty Thoufand Pounds to pur- chafe Bremen and Vcrdfti for the Eledlor of ^/7^;^zaV^, as if he conceived him come the determined Pillager of this People; the Parlia- ment at thatTimc not openly audacious, gran- ted this Sum under the deceitful Terms of Subiidies and Arrears to Land Forces, Bv this Means the Evils which all honefl r.nd fcnfible Men forefaw, would fboner or later be the Effcdl of your Connedion with German Intereftr, thole Evils which it was moft i'limcdiatcly the Duty of an Englijh Parliament to prevent, fpeedily began to fpread their malignant Influence on a new Caufe, which George had purchafed, Bremen find Verdni ; and it was perceived that thofe Acquifitions would certainly involve us in the Quarrel of the Czar and Denmark^ with Sivedeii, from whom thefe Duchies had been taken by the Danesy and fold to George, whoby fuch Proceeding, had asclFet^ually en- tangled E?2gtandm the Tranfadtions of thofe Potentates, as the German PoflefTions mull with thofe of Germany. Now with Relpedt to this Kingdom and her true Intereft, no Change of Circumftances from the War be- tween Sweden, the Czar or Denmark could have S:'i ■i'-'r-i (6i ) have been a reafonable Caufe of your inici- medling in their Affairs ; for whether Sividcn had conquered them or they Sweden^ England could have rifqued but little inconvcnicncy by being inadtive, as your Trade with each of thefe States is lucrative to them alone. It is therefore their Interefl to be in Peace with England^ tho' united under one Head, and if a Mifunderftanding had ever rifen, of what Import would it have been to you ? who exerting your native Strength, have no Pvcafon to dread that combin'd Forccjand who could have fuffered no Lofs by a Prohibition of Commerce j and laftly as thofe Powers fo united, would have acquired great Strength as a maritimeForcej would they not have be- come as natural an Ally againft France, as for it, againft you in any Wars which might have happened between this and that Na- tion? had Sweden been divided between RuJJia and Denmark, a Jealouiy mufl na- turally have been generated between thufe two Powers; with one of whicliyourbeinjirt Alliance, the other mufl have been with- held from afiifting your Enemies ; and thus thofe Enemies could have giiined no Advan- tage which this Kingdom would not partici- pate by the encreafcd Powers of thofe two Crowns .; your Purchafc was not tlicrefore of new :h. 'v" ' >i •if 'iiS ■;, •! *'?«!■' -MMS'^^iv ( 62 ) new Territories to Hanover one of the moftl pernicious Ad:s which England could have been engaged in ? as it will be fbon too fatally evident to admit of Contradidion. After George's Acceffion to the Throne, thedeluded| Favorers of the Stuarts fancying that Things were precipitately advancing to your Ruin ; and that Hanover by its powerful Sympathy with this State muft neccffarily produce your | Deftrudlion, being by its Situation on every little Difagreement widi the Czar, Sweden^ T)cnmark^ Prufsia^ or the Aujirians^ con- flantly open to attack from each of their Armies, conceived it muft thjercfore hold this Nation in SubmifTion to the Views of thofe Princes, or oblige Englavd to defend Hanover at an imniienfe Expence of Fleets and Subfidiesto the mercenary Princes o^ Ger- many ', whofe Intereft they faw it became to create Difturbances on the Account of that Part, in which like Achilles in his Heel, this Kingdom was only mortal ; and who being fliarpened by Want, would not fail of draw- ing Advantage from this portentous Con- nexion oi England \\\x!ci that Electorate. On this Account a Rebellion was naturally begun by the Subjeds of Great Britain, and v4iich as it terminated in the Defeat and Execution ( 63 ) lExecutbn of many a Gentleman, whofe Honefly and Expectations were fupcrior to Itlicir Undertakings, proved that as Affairs then turned out, it was a very ill concerted Meafure. 1 r ' This Event however fatal to thofe engaged in it, was ftil! the moft propitious which Icould have hajipened to a foreign Family Inewly placed on the Throne, as it thereby Ibccame more effe<^ually iix'd, tlian a liCngth |of \ eaiG cuuld li^ve cftablifhed it widiout lat Incident, Charcej XII. of Sweden^ being unex- Ipeitcdly returned from Bendir^ foon after |Gfor^'^^*s Acceffion to the Throne of thofe IRealms; the cnterprifing Spirit, Dilpofition jto revengv', military Capacity, and uncon- Iquerable Perfeverance of that Monarch, 'd the Bofom of your new King with ex- |ireine Palpitation and Dread. During the Ablence of Charles in the }^urkilh Dominions, the Czai havin;.T con- quered the Swedijh Pofleflions, in Pomrraiia^ Ibd determined to many his Niece :o the iDuke of Mecklemberg , and had filled that iDuchy wrtli his Troops j thefe From their Neighbourhood fy ^t .1 'i ,7 0:1 ( 64 ) Neighbourhood to the 'Hano'verian Tcrriiu ries, created in George no lefs Jealoufy aiu Fear of the Czar, than he entertained of thel King of Sweden ; accordingly the PriiJVtan^\ Hanovcriajn and Danes^ having taken //0/-| mar before the Arrival of the RuJ'si an Trooy Prujsia and 'Demnark^ were prevailed on \y\ the Eledlor to rejed thofe Troops from form- ing Part of the Garrifon QiWtJmai\ on a Suf-I picion that the Czar intended to polTefs Iiim- felf of that City for the Duke of Mecklmherg \ thus aMifunderftanding began between Pctn the Great, and theElc(^torof ii/tf«oi;ir. Gccrre therefore being intimidated by Charles, anu ,1 Jealoufy and Coldncfs nrifingon the Account of the Czar's Proximity between him and the Rufsian, to fecurc himlclf in his new Poild- fions, propofl's an Alliance with the Empi- ror oi Germany y in Order to obtain the Iinxl- titure of Branen and Fcrdeny and get rid cl his new Neighbour the Czar, by the yh fulbd to withdraw his I'roops from A;Vtv- lenhcr'^^ at the Sollicitation of the Emperor (4 GiTf/urv, and GiOrge would not guaranty tlic I']!'' "': ' M (65 ) the Conquefts of Rufsia over Sweden j at this Time a Treaty was concluded between the Emperor and George* Th At this Alliance might want uo Requifite to make it fuccced, G^or^^'sMiniiler determin- ed to break the Treaty of Utrecht ^ in favor of the Emperor, to the Prejudice of the Duke of Savoy, and of the King of Spain, and oblige the Former to renounce Sicilly, in Fa- vor of Aujlria, for Sardinia in Exchange ; and thereby cut off the Spanijh King from his Right of SuccefTion to Sicily in Cafe of ihc Failure of Male Ifllie in the Houfc of Savoy, as it had been ftipulated in the Treaty of Utrecht, To this, however prejudicial, as Affairs were then circumftanccd, the Court of Turin not being well able to oppofe, ac- cordingly acceded. Spain was plundered of her Right, and the Welfare of Eng^ land, whole Intereft it ever is to be in A- niity with that Court, was facrificcd to the fccuring the new Acquifitions of the Houfe of Hanover. This Treaty was figncd in the Year 1716, between the Emperor and E«^- land, by which it was ftipulated reciprocally to defend the Dominions of each other whercfoever fituated. But as George ftill fuf- pedted that the Emperor might be engaged }^ iu 1::,:> ( 66 ) in a War with France, and thereby rendered incapable of lupporting his H(V.ovcriiin Do- minions ; he coiickidcd another Treaty about Six Months after with the Duke of Or/eavsy then Kegcnt ot Franccy to the fame Purpofe of mutually guarantying each others Poilcf- fions in Cale of either being attack'd j thus the mofl ridiculous Contradi(!:iJon was be2;ot which can be well imagined j on a Rupture between France and the Emperor, Ei'gL:ud mud have divided her Troops, and deftroyed her own Sub;odLs by the Hands of one ano- ther, inConicquciiCc of thofe Treaties made for the Iblc Advantage of luiHovcrian Do- minions. Gcoriyr's Minifler after ha\'ing concluded tlioic TrcLities, lo d':(lru'.'-'ive to England', not tbir.king- the K]cd()r fecv.rc, and rcfolving to ublig'? the Czar to wiiluiiavv his Troops from the Krif'hbr vihoodoi liis Oa/^.v/a 'ferritoiies, conceived tlieDcritin ofik-iertinfr the Alliance cf Ru/iia, \lv)vv\\i it had been iHpulated ne- ver to mnke Peace without tlie Knowledge cmdConientofeacliotlier; a:id accuulin^to tlic Practice oi If„/iO\. r/'dfi f<\\\\\, propofed a Peace and .Mliance widi the King of Sw(Jt'fi, to oppole the C/:.ir. This vm.'A,. ' !i''!|,')^ )i..r C 67 ) This Propofitlon, Charles wliofe Adions were direded by Motives entirely dillinct from thofe of Georfre, rejeftcd with Con- tempt i he replied that the Ele^ltor of BanC" vcr^ bafelyfeizeing the Opportunity of his Ab- fence and Diilrcls, had purchaicd at a vile Price his Duchies of Brrmcu and Verden from the Danes, and united with his Ene- mies to undo hiui j that during liis Refidence at Bender, he had like wife prevailed on the Ottomun Forte, and prevented his obtaining a "Turkijh Army, widi which to have de- feated his moft inveterate Enemy the Czar, and returned widi V^idlory to his Capital ; for which Rcafons he was determined never to (ign a Peace, nor enter into Alliance with the Elcdor of Hanover till he had taken ample Vengeance for his mean and diflionourable Proceedings. This Over- ture of a feparate Peace with Siveden, being known to the Czar, he conceived it as a daf- tardly Tergivcrfation on the Part of George^ and was little Icfs irritated than Charles, on Account of his treacherous Duplicity of Con- duit, he confidercd the lianovirian E- ledor as a pufillanimous Being, deferting the Shores of Englami, and floating on the Waves of hisgermanic Intcreft, like a drown- ing Wretch catching at every Objcd which K 2 occafionally i ■ (i:ti 1 ..•( . I^'l l| : ! i I I Ml , • I ■I" ! I :, I I 11 (68 ) occafionally offered, quiting one to feize another J faithlefsly renouncing the Alliance oi Sweden to purchale Bremen &nd Verden-, uniting with him to undo the unhappy Sivreie in his Abfence and Diftrefs j then on the Return of Charlesy and Proximity of Rufsian Troops to his German Territories, as diflionourably rejeding him to form an Alliance with the Former^ renouncing your Interclls by his Treaty with France, fa- crificing them by his injuring Spain, and all to puichalt; the Emperor to fupport his elec- toral PolTcfllons J the Caufe of all which was even more diftant from the good of this Realm, than it is from this Globe to that of Saturn, and as litde worthy your Concern, as to oppofc tlie next Eclipfe of one of thq Satellites of that Planet, O N thofe illiberal Proceedingsof George*s Mi- niilcr It was, that Baron Go^r/z planed his De- fign of rcconcilingtheCourtsofP^/^ri^ttr^Z> and Stockholm, and as dethroning Kings and put- inp others in their Place, made not the leaft Part of the ruling Difpofition of the Swedifh Monarch, he entered with much Spirit into the Proportion of dethroning George j ani- mated thereto by his Thirft ot Vengeance on him, and not by his Dcfire of rc-cAablilhing the I (69 ) the Family of Stuart. This Dcfign being dif- covered, it was prevented at that Time, and a Fleet of Twenty-one Ships of the Line, with Frigates and Fire- Ships, was fent into the Baltic to defend the Hanoverian Domi- nions, difguifed under a Pretext of prevent- ing the Czar and Swede^ from uniting in the Defign of placing the Stuarts on the Throne of England^ and War was declared againft Sweden* 't ■;s , :. ' 1 ", This Intention the Czar abfolutely denied in along Memorial, and upbraided GVorgr'sAd- miniftration with Perfidy in fecredy renouncing their Alliance with him, and attempdng to make a feparate Peace with Sweden^ which be- ing anfwered both on the Part oi Hanover ^ and of this Court, it was by each confefs'd, that they did not believe him concerned in the Defign to reflore the Family oi Stuart -, which Anfwer offers an inconteflible Proof that Ha- noverian Interefls were the fole Caufe of the Equipment and Deflination of this Fleet. About this Time the King of Sweden finilhed a Life in every Inftance unexampled and romantic, by a Death almofl as fingular. In Confequence of which, the Czar was dif- appointcd in his Views on Germany y and his Alliance I' ik' \ I ( '!■■ ( 70 ) Alliance with the S'wede, and George was cafcdof his Apprehenfions from that Quarter: by which Millions of your Money, and Thoufands of your Lives were happily preven- ted from being wafted on the Account of Gf/ - man PofTeflions, and a German Eledtor. Kence it is evident, had this Defign of | invading Englaua taken Place, a civil War enfutd, your Blood been wafted, and fellow Subjects brought to the Block, they muft have riicn from the perfidious Behaviour of Har.o- 'cer with the northern Powers, and not from any Attachment of thofe Princes to the Stu- arls J tliat all this Expence which had been incuired during this Time, and every Alli- ance which had been concluded by Georges Miniftry, was abfolutely for tlic Prefervation of the electoral Dominions, and to the utter Negledt and Prejudice ot this Nation. Nor was it as a Nation only that you were during this Time fold and facrificed to the Intereftof /i^//' without his Knowledge and Confent, deter- mined to do Juftice to himi'elfi fitted out a confiderable Fleet; and as no Peace had been concluded between him and the Au/trianSy attacked and took the llland of Sardhiia in Order to prevent its being exchanged for Sidiy, On this Event the Emperor laid claim to the Ailiilancc of KngUuhi in Confcqucnce of his late Ailiaiice tl\ough not a Syllable of that Requiiitjun trrinipircd in tlie jMefTage which was ftnt to the Iloule of Commons bv Gecrge^ to requeft tlic Means of equiping a naval .Xmiament, and lending it where it ihouid be tb.ought neccfiaiy : All which was dilgiiiied under die IpeciousTcrm of Erigland's Welt are, to wliich the polite and parfi- monious irs) monious Commons mod readily anfweretl, with a Promife of granting all that was de- iired, notvvithftanding they had already granted more than was provided for, and without once requiring to know the Caufe of it: In Confequence of this the Mediation which was offered hy Englatid and France to accommodate the Differences between Spaiji and the Emperor, were contemptuoufly re- jedted by the Spanijh Court ; they were con- vinced that your Hanoverian King's Minifter who had broken the Treaty of t//r^f^/, agreed to defraud diem of their conditional Inheri- tance of Sicily^ to purchafe the Emperor to fe- cond his electoral Views, and combined with the Regent to the utter Negledl olEngliJh Wel- fare, would not hefitate at any ignominious Adion which mij^ht be as^reeable to the Em- peror or Regent of France ; in Confequence of this vafl Preparations by Sea and Land, were carried on with the utmoft Vigor in the Ports oiSpain» ■L^ '% As the natural Effed of all this Hanove- rian Faith, the mofl unexampled, and per- haps the moft audacious Treaty that Sove- reigns had ever the hardinefs to form, was en- tered upon, concluded and named the ^^- ((ruple Alliance, between the Emperor, L 2 France^ .rq. >M-; l> ( 76 ) France^ England, and Holland, in which it was mod arbitrarily combined to compel the Kings of Spain and Sardinia to accept the Conditions which fhould be offered them : Thefe were couched under the fpecious Pretext of preferving the Public Tranquillity, and removing the Jealoufies that were en- creafing amongfl the Sovereigns oi Europe. Amongft the Articles of which it was declared that the King of Spain fliould be obliged to renounce his Right to the Reverlion of o/V//y, and the Duke of Savoy exchange that Ifland for Sardinia. Thus in the mofl: arbitraryMan- ncr the above Powers forced themfelves upon thofe two Crowns as the DIfpofers of their Rigiits, and the Dominions of Italy were diflributed about, as if they had been the Sovereigns of the Creation, endowed with the Right of difpofing it according to their Incli- nation, in Breach of Treaties and Inattention to Englijh Welfare. It mud be ohkrvtd. however, though this Treaty was filled the ^adruple Alliance, the States General clearly perceiving it contradictory to their Welfare, delayed to fign it, till Fadion and fomc other finifter Motives prevailed over the true Intereft of that ,■>!' ( 77 ) •that Government, as it had ah-eady over that of England, In Confcquencc of this, Admiral By'?g failed from the Mtdit^rraneLW^ and defeated the Spanijh Fleet in Defence of Siciiy ; an Adlion which brought infinite Mifchief and Difhonor on this Nation, in the Opinion of Men who are not Spaniards j particularly as War had not been declared between us and Spairiy and as no Treaty obliged us to defend the Territories of Saijoy, to which Sicily then belonged, in Favor of an Exchange with Au- jiria\ But as the Faith of G^'cr^^'s Miniflry had been already broken witli Spain ^ this perfidi- ous A6lion in Favor of Auftria was added to the Former. Thus this unjuftifiable Defeat created much ill Blood between this King- dom and Spaiji ; your Trade was facrificed, and yourTreafure fquandered, only to gratify the Emperor, and induce him to defend the Hanoverian\)om\xmxi%\ and the fame polite Majority of a Houfe of Commons, v/nich had fo bare facedly voted that his Majefty by his Treaty with the Regent, had in a great Mca- fure recovered thofe Advantages which might have been expeded from a fuccelbful War, and were given up by a treacherous and dif- honor able Peace approved it. NoTWITH- •^ \ • I (I 'I': »■ '!!ii; .■'ill' u I I- ( 7? ) And notwithftanding in that Treaty with the Regent, not the lead Attention had hecn either given to fettling the Bounds of N'ovr. Scotia^ fixing your Right to St. Lucia more explicitly, or caufing the Ifland of Hifpaniob to be quited by the Frer/rb, to the afcertain- ing and accompliftiing all which, you were entitled by the Peace of Utrecht ; thefe hono- rable Men hovvever,encouraged by Numbers, and bribed by Place and Penfion, dared to applaud that Hagitious Treaty, and clamo- roully declared that it was high Time the haughty I loufc of Spain (hould be humbled. -Such was thcCon^plexion of thofe Guardians of your Privileges at that Time, who had it in their Power to have reduced France to nnv Degree of Humiliation by joining Spuifi and the Emperor, and yet rcjcding that, and curfing the Condudcrs of the Peace ol Utrecht, cnflaved the good of tliis Nation to the Views of IJanover, Thr ill Treatment which Spai?i had re- ceived from this Miniflry naturally turned the Views of Cardinal jllbrroni towards Venge- ance ; it was not to be wondered then that the Spaninrdi in Confequencc of fuch Mea- furcs, had taken our Mcrchnnt Ships, under the Pretence of being engaged in illicit Trade, iin.})eel:ing tha" as his Minifler had broken nil Faith, and facrift- ccd Ij.gimd towards the obt:iinint; Hicily for the Gi7iperor, diattUe Latter would be cviually refrp.iduJb of JuAicc, and fncrificc the D»ikc o,r'7."f/;//,'»,^'s Right to bim ; but as this Wiis refuicd by the Court of Viema, Gcorn' h;id concluded r'f ■ ;l ( 83 ) concluded the above mentioned Treaty with Spain ; thus it is evident that as Hanove- rian Views had folely actuated to caufe the deflrudtive and unjuil Rupture with Spain ^ in Favor of the Emperor, io in hke Miinner this C'onclufion of Peace with the Court of Madrid^ had proceeded from a Refcntinent that George had conceived againll the Court of Fie?ma, on Account of refufing him the Inveftiture of his new Duchies ; and that Kng- lip Motives had efFed:ed nothing on cidier Occafion of Peace or War. For it can fcarce be credited, that had the Emperor been as in- iquitoully complaifant to George as the Mi- uifter of the Latter had been to him, but that War againft Spain had been ftill continued. Nothing can give a more convincing Proof of the avowed Iniquity of Admiral Byng 's being ordered to attack the Spaniards^ and that it was not intended for Englijh Welfare, than the Articles whicli were con- cluded on in this Treaty with Spain. It was agreed that England fliould repay for all the Ships of the Spaniards, which had been taken by Mr. Byng ; thus you were not only obliged at an immeiifc E^xpencc in {"'avor of Hanoverian Views, to fit out a vaft M2 Fleet r i i)^ ;-, ( 8. ) Fleet to defeat the Spaniards^ but even on the fame Account to pay for the very Ships which Mr. Byng had taken and deftrpyed in that Adlion. Bv a Treaty ligned at Madrid^ ^^^^ '3) 172 1, the fame Day the above had been figned at London 5 it was ftipulated that Spain and England fhould mutually defend each otlicrs Dominions wherever fituated, againft all Enemies whatfoever i and yet though Spiiin and this Nation were both at War with theA/cc?rj at tliatTimc the Miniitry oiG^-'orge no later than the fuccecdins: Twelfth of Au- gufi^ figned a ^:parate i 'eace with the Mcors^ foregardlcfs were they of the public Faith, and thePrefervatipn of Treaties. So many Breaches of national Engagements had never dif- graced this Kingdom during fu ihort a ^-ipacc ; and the Honor of England then fir ft began to be fu;pc^fted amongil all Nations, and to this Ignominy you were reduced by the fat'cl Influence of Hanoverian Councils, over the Condu6i of thofe Realms. That this Peace with Spai^u was the Child of Hanoic- rian PvefciUmcrit ngaiivft die Emperor, and nut that o^ Engiilh Welfare, is ilill more evi- dent, bc^iUife Ccorrr had promiled to pro- «Ui e .Qwralter to be given up to that Cfown, and % i 1 It f. St A ( 85) and no Provifion nor Care had been taken to prevent the Outrages committed againft your Trade by Spanijh Quarda Coftas 5 and that thofe Proceedings were generally confi- dercd in that Light, a very coercive Evidence may be drawn from the Memorial delivered by Peter the Great, to the EngliJIo Fadlory at Petenburghy which I fliall tranfcribe. Petersburgh^ Jan, 2g, 172 1, « It is notorious in what an unjuft and in- jurious Manner our Refident was fent away from the Conri oi England ; which having done us a great and fenfible Wrong, ought naturally to have engaged us to ufe Repri- fals, according to what is pradtifed every where elfe j but as we perceive that all this is done without any Regard to the Interefl of England^ and only in Favour of the Hanoverian Interefl, for which the Minis- ters of Great'Britainy not only ncgled the Friendfliip of foreign Powers, but do not even fpare tlieir own Country, which inorc nearly and more fenfibly concerns them ; we were unwilling that the Engii/h Nation^ which has no Share in that Piece of Injuf- tice fhould fuffer for it, and therefore we grant to them all Manner of Security and free Liberty to trade in all our Dominions. This ,.' Ml' < c f < c < c ( c c c < H u II -I! (86 ) Th IS was the Opirtlon that every Court in Europe, as well as that of i?.v/}/^7 entertained at that Time concerning theConducft ofGfcrge's Adminiftration ; and each of them confidered the diftrclTing Ha/.ovrr, as the mofl: certain Means by which to fabjcft E;.'^/r/;7^to their De- figns. TheEmperorbeir.gnotalittle irritated at thi5 FLinovrrtan Breacliof Honor in not keep- ing Treaties, dete;;mined to fhcw the Englijh ' that their Attachment to eled:oral Interefts, might be attended with Difadvantage to rlieir own Country, and thereupon he entered into the Defign of eredling an Eaft-India Com- pany at (jftenH : at the lame Time the Mil^ nnderlcanding between the Aulirtan and Hano'ccruin was farther encreal'ed, on the Accou!it of an Affair between the Courts of Hanover and MiclJember^, And as that Tranfadion has contributed not n little towards accelerating? and encreaf- mg the Calamities of this Country; permit me to lay before you as much of It as will be fufficicnt to elucidate in whr* Manner it proved fo defirudlive to this Kingdom. Tt feems fometime before the illuflrious Houfc of ^Y7;:!9r''r had afcended the Throne of thofc Realms, there had arifcn great Mif- underllanding ,%7 ;^ourt in ained at 9fCrges [ifidered t certain heirDe- 'itated at ot keep- Englfjb [nterefts, ; to rlicir ered into ia Com- the Mif- 'an and , on the Ilourts of itributed encreaf- permit Is will be anner it lluftrlous Throne •at Mif- llanding ( 37 ) underftanding between the Duke of Afeck- kmkrg and his Subjcds, wh'.h Difiigrce- ment was encreafed ii.to violent Contentions, between the Ibccceding Duke (J.jr/es feopoIJ and his Subje. itf 12.0 U 11.6 IWi^l ^1^- Hiotographic .Sdences Corporation c\ 19 WIIT MAIN ITMIT WIISTIi.N.Y. USM |7U)l71-4S0a ^ 4^' ^ o '!■:; is i; (90) ror thought himfelf di (honourably defertcd, had created no linall Refcntment in the j4u/i' tan ; and that Cpurt beg'.m to fee Things with Eyes very different from thofe with which they had beheld them, when George had been their faft Ally : at which Time the Affair oi Meckhmbtrg being again laid bettic^'he Emperor for his Decificn, the immenfe Sum ot Millions of Riif Dollars was . reduced to that of Six Hundred Sixty Seven Thoufand Three Hupdicd Ninety-nine, about a Hundred and Twenty Thoufand Pounds Sterling. Now as Uie Eledlors of Ilamvrr have ever been moft exemplarily dlAiiiguiflied by the Loyc of Juflice m de^ ttding the Idciis of Avarice ; complying wid^ the Legacies and Donadons of their Fadiers Willsj and difcharging the Debts which they had incurred by the Pr.rchale of acauired Territc}ries} ougnt it not to be concludca that the Emperor behaved like an unjuft Chancel- lor, and die Eleftor as a righteous Claimant? and therefore that Gec^gr had Rcafon to re- fcnt thntUfagc of reducing fo cgregioufly his Demand, and of not taking the Money. It\ this Manner flood the Affairs of Europe^ A that Time rcfpcdin^ this Kingdom* During this Time the execrable Scheme of the South-Sea took Place, in which it will be leferted, in the to fee m thofe 1, when t which ng again if;cn, the )llars was ^ty Seven ^ety-nine, Thouiand ledtors of templarily lice in 4e^ ►lying witl^ ;ir Fadiers ?hich they J acquired [ludcQ that t Chancel- Claimant? jafon to re- [gioufly his ^oncy. Ii> luropf, at le Scheme ichitwill be ( 9* ) be fecn that G^rw^w Influence might notalittk Contribute to inftitute that nefarious Bubble. It apjK'ared to the Parliament that before the pamng the Adl for that Prqie(fl:, a fictitious Stock had been difpofcd of to fevcral Pcrfons, by the Diredtors, ambiigft which are to be found the venerable Names of the Duchefs of Kftidal^ die Countefs of P'aten and her Two Nieces, to each of which Ten Thoufand Pounds had been given; and as their Afcen- dant over George was then publickly believed, it cannot be conceived but that it Vvas be- llowed with a View t6 obtain his Influence over his Minifters, to facilitate the paiTing that iniquitous A Anfwer relating to the South-Sea, Scheme, which brought Ruin on fo many Thoufauds, was not implieidy received by the whole Nation j and the manifell Proofs cf (93) o^ Hanoverian Interefts prcfiding over the Welfare of EngUmd, as well as the Appre- henfion that future Times might yet be more Fertile in Mifehief to this Country, operated fo ilrongly on the Miiids of many People, who wiflied well to their native Land, that they conceived the miflaken Defign oi de- throning Giorge, This being timely difco- vered, you were once more providentially faved from a civil War, which would not have been fo much undertaken in Favor of the StuartSy as to be free'd from diat Influ- ence, which feemed lo pernicious in the Eyes of thofe deluded Men. Thus your Blood was fpared, and the illuflrious Iloufe of Ha* mver flill prefcrved to Reign over you, not liaving then con^pleted the Intent, for which Providence thought fit to place it on the Throne of thofe Realms. The next Affair of a private Nature was the Harbu/gh Lottery, another Kind of Bub- ble which took its Name from a Town in the Eledoral Dominions oi JhnGirr ; the Pretext given out to countenance it, was the fettling a Trade for your Woollen Manufac- tures between Evgland and iUrmany* This Scheme propofed the iMifing One Million Five Hundred Thoufand I'junds on the .1 ' [r ■1 1 ■J i MJ'\ (94) the above Account, and the ProjeAors tnadt; ufe of his Majefty's facrtd Name to promote the Subfcription. But as the Majority of a Houfe of Commons exadly rcfembling in Integrity and Defign> that which thanked his Majefty for his Treaty with the Regent of France, and granted him Supplies un- enquiring the Motives, had refolved that this Rumour was fpread abroad without the Authority of George j Would it not be In- folence in Extreme, to believe he had in any Degiee given Encouragement to this l^ottcry, particularly when from the whole Scries of his Condudt, it is feen in what Manner the Interefts of England were fo ftridly purfued by him. Such having been the Proceedings of Cror ill's Minifters in E'.'glan^y and fuch the Tranfl\dions of public Affairs a- mongft die different Powers of Europe ; I come now to lay before you, even more conrpicuous and flagrant Proofs of the fa- tal Elfe(fts of Hanoverian Influence over En- glifb Councils. Tht Congrefs of Brunfwick and that of Cam/jrfiy^ having proved ineffectual to ad- juft the Differences of the Princes whofe In- tcrcds (95) terefts were agitated at thofe Places, they entered into feparate Negociations whereby to accomodate their Affairs. The Czar and the King of Sweden were upon a Treaty of AlHance to fupport the Pretenlions of t^e Duke of Holftnn to Blcf- wickf which George had guarrantied to Denmafk'f the Apprehenfion of this Union between the Czar and the Swede^ created no little Trepidation alio on the Account of. B*'t wen and V'rden ; the Regent of France and King of i^pnin had been reconciled when Peace was made between the laft named Court and this of En^cland-, and the Infanta ofSpaih had been efpoufed to the young King of France -, thefe two Crowns being again thus firmly united, exerted their Power to induce the Czar to join the Alli- ance ) at the fame time, more advanta- geous Treaties were offered to tempt Eng" land to give up not only Gibraltef , in Con- fequence of a Promife, which Gtorge in a Letter under his own Hand had made to the Spa'^ifL Court, and in which were the following Words. * I do no longer baU * lance to affure your MajefVy of my Rea- ' dincfs to fatisfy you widi Regard to your * Demand) touching the RefUtution of Gib" raltart i'r 'It'*' II ( 96 ) ^ raltet\ but even Minorca alio. Befidcs thefc, he was to oppofc the Ofirn^ Com- pi'.ny, which proceeded from its vilihly \\u tcrfering with tlic French^ and defill from intcnncdling irt the Affairs of // Confcquencc of fiich an Inckient, created a Rcloliition in thcjr>//cl\ to lend back the Inianta, who mviil be \Tt many Vca^^ ohler, before ihc could ton 111 mate licr Nuptials; and manv their vcan,-./ jcoisj die Regent's Daugh* ter, who had been cipoufed to Dott Car/OS^ was returiKd on the Part of Spain, As the Deilijns of Priv/idence are utterly unfearcb.able, it is inipoflihle to decide whe- ther I leaven had '.'J'acioullv offered diis favor- able Conjur.cliure of making E ir/j;;J happy, as a deih Tival to prove whether Georges Miniilers at \-. n;;i]i t(Hiched by Gratitude, woiild purUiC the WVliare of two Kingdoms, wlJcii had beiii gviverouily given by 4 cat People; or as a Proo^'effcdually to con- vince vou, that no Copfkleratons ( a your AcKant-.^G^es eoulJ ever influence the Heart of tliolethatdire ;edthe ( 'ouncilsof that ungrate- ful /u;,wr//V/;.', when the Intcrefts ol ;,'.,'- /vv^came in G:)nipetition, with the Views of fervi ng his Eiedo.aie. Whatever might be the De''vrti oi Heaven at that Time, certain It IS that never fincc the iiift Sun bled she burlucc ( 10' ) Surface of the Earth, hath there rifen (b aulpicious an Opportunity of reducing France and cflablilliing the Felicity of this Nation. Immfdiately upon this Indignity ofFer'd to the Crown of Spatn, the Affairs between the Emperor and that Crown, which had been fruitleilly treated at Camhray^ were pro- pofcd to the Mediation of Grorg,'. What an unexpeded, ample and honorable Opportu- nity was here offered, of repairing all the Milc'Midui^l of the former Part of his Reign; Spa/t and the Empercr united in the fimie Views, completed die Poffellion of that great Objcd of the War againll France, during tlie Reign of Queen ^nfi ; the Negled; of which in the Treaty of Utrecht, at that Time remained the conftant Caufe of Exe- cration in the very Minifters of George, tho' they were then more criminally oppoling your Union with thofe two Powers. Now it was that the Fleet and Troops of England^ mlglit have driven France from all her Colo- nies on theGl'^be, and fixed this Nation the Emprcfs of Conimcrce, in permanent Supe- riority, whiUl 6paifi and the Empire were at- tacking it by Land. But alas ! Hanoverian Rcfentment again ft the Emperor on Account of the Affairs of Mecklemberg, Bremen and Vcrden^ r- i. ( 102 ) Vcrderi, like Milton s Sin and Death, who by a Bridge have joined this World to Hell, jftill linked this Land to the Elcdoral Domi- nions, by a broad Way which led to your Perdition. T*^- Geo*-^e rrrfufed the Mediation which was olilicd him by the above named Potentates, nc*:with{lunriinn; which, the Courts oiVt:n guarantied flic Trade of .V"^, to die Eaft-indics, and to pay Aujlna an an- nual :ath, who i to Hell, ral Domi- i to your vhich was Potentates, of Vi'Tina intion of a mce ylpnl the more concluded I Treaty of d King of ( 1^3 ) nual Subfidy of four Millions of Pieces of Eight. In this Manner did the Minifters of George condud: themfclvcs, to the lluin of your Trade, and preveniing the Advantage which might have been dciivcil from dh\t I'lii .n of Ai jitia and S.pih, townrds w'iich fo n\;iny Millions had iixfFe(!:ti.i:ily bci r. Iquandcicd, during the Rci^n oi C^ccn Ann, At this Time however by a Spcecli from the Throne, which is ever to l;c concjivcJ, as the Expreffions of the Min'ficr, and which Gf o.;^f,not perfedly undcrllandino; your i>an-. guage, might not comprehend, this Alliance with Fratic^ , was declined to be in Favor of the Proteftanthitereft, and Balmce of Power, widi equal Truth, indeed as in the preceding Rei^nj it was now become a Protcllant View to fupport Francf\ which it had before been a Protcftant View to df picfs, and 'be E.dancc of Power dcmar.ded the \A'ei?>iit o. E g'itnd^ in the Scale of Fratu't^ a^'.aiijft /luiipta and Spcnrty which in d)e Warr of A'nJr/hrc/ gh, required /:/;^//;/, would the Prince oj ylujlritiS'i who is now King of Spain, and llie prcfent King of lrnnct\ notwithftand- inr;- the politcnefs of J is Nation have died on purpofe ( 107 ) purpoic to compliment hinr. v/ith their Crowns, and make him univerfal Monarch. As to the Emperor's bringing in the Pre- tender, by what Way would he have effcdted it without a Fleet, or even joined with the Spaniard ? Could the feeble Navy of Spain have failed to Aujlrian Ports, taken on Board the Emperor's Forces, and landed them in x'J^/^/^W widiout Oppolition ? Cr SIDES would the Aujlriam fo abfolutely have forgotten their Intcrefl on a Union with Sixain, which mi^ht be but temporary, and have renounced the vaft Advantage of hav- ing a German Elcdtor on the Throne of £1';^- land-i which muft be eternal: by whofc In- tcrefl: the Au/irians had before been fup- ported with Thoufnnds of Men, and Millions of Money ; and place a Family on the Throne, which having no Connc^Iitions with Gcrmiiny^ howevc grateful they might be to thofe who placed them there, would in one Generation at moil forget the Obligation j and having no Territories pernicious to this Kealm, nor Oljedt to purfue, but the Wel- fare o'i En^lund, mull abfolutely renounce all Gcrmm Alliances. P 2 And K' i*!.'^; ( io8 ) And laftly, the Court of Rufsia pofitively proved the Falfhood of what has been faid, with Refpedl to her joining with the Empe- ror in Favor of the StuartSy by a moft fo- Icmn AlTeveration, that no fuch Defign had ever been entered into with the Houfe of Auftria, Indeed the Thing fpeaks its own Improbability, would Germans ever exclude a HtVioverian Elector from this Throne of England, for whofe fole Interefts you have been labouring fo many Years, at the Neg- \t€t of your own, and thereby deprive them- felvcs of the Advantages of all that Money, which obtained in Trade, Commerce and Agriculture, by the Labor of your Hands, and Exertion of your Genius in thofe Arti- cles, has for fixty Years continued to travel into that voracious Realm of Germany^ to your almofl irremediable Ruin. Notwithstanding all this appeared (o extremely improbable and ridiculous to the l^yt-'s of all Men of common Senfe ; a noto- rious Prelate was then employed in a moft clal;oiately nonfenfical Pamphlet, to prove the Probability of all thofe Events being completed to the Ruin of this Conftitution; as he had been before to the Deftrudion of all Religion 5 for which iniquitous Service, ho ( 109 ) he was foon after fplendidly rewarded ; lb meretorious was the Writing in favour of Irreligion and national Ruin confidered in the Reign of George the firll. Down with the haughty Houfe of Auftria, the Balance of Power is loft, no Popery, no Slavery, no Pretender, the Proteftant Caufe for ever, and the Blellings of the Hanover Succeflion were trumpeted from the Pulpits of the 6ed:aries, at that very Moment when Eng- land w^% undoing by Hauoveriari Influence over the Miniflers of this Nation j and all this Clamour was excited in Favor of an Alliance with France againft which in Fa- vor of Germany the like Clamor had been formerly cheriflied with equal Induftry; and propagated by the fame infidious Throats. To fuch Power of Farce the Miniller and his Banditti were then arrived. However, to avert the malignant De- figns of this approaching Danger which was purpofely exprefled to be (o threatening, George was granted by the Parliament, all that he defircd j and upon a Meflage, tati more Money would be wanted to fiilfiU hi*? Engagements and Defigns, a Promife of fup- plying his future Expences wa^j returned. ] low- *"' ^1 ml ( "o ) However, as none but the moft glaring Ignorance, could be dup'd by fuch conlpicu- ous Abfurdities, nor the moft abandoned, give them Countenance,itwaswhirper dto the cho- fen Minifterial Profligates and their Follow- ers ; that tho' Viemiii could not afTifl Spai7i to take Minorca and Gibralter^ Spain might affift the Emperor with Money to conquer the Elcdoral Dominions ^ and that the Fear of Inch a Proceeding had been the true Caulb of concluding the Alliance at Hanover with France and Prujsiw, than which a more execrable Treaty hath never been ra- tified fince the Almighty pronounced let there be Light : for by this Means, France, your moft formidable Rival was fupported, which might have been abfolutely undone ; your Trade facrificed with Spain your moft natural Ally, which it was your Duty to clicridi J and England and yourfelves duped to the contemptible Views of the Eledtbr of Hanover by George's Minifler. George having completed the Treaty of lianoz'try in returning from his Eleftoral Dominions was near being fliipwrecked: the very Tvlcmcnt which furrounds this Ifland, rol'.'iiting tlic Sacrifice his Minifter had made of this Queen of Oceans^ to a barren Elec- torate ( III ) t'jrate, determined to take Vengeance of the Violence which had been committed: fuch fccmed to be the Inclination of Things ina- nimate on your Account,whilfl you remain'd unmoved and unrefenting it ; yet alas ! had he been buried in the Waves, what Happinefs could have accrued from it to this afflided Nation. In Confequence of this Hanoverian Treaty, which on the Face of it appeared to be defenfive only, the Nation was aflo- niflicd to fee three formidable Fleets cquip'd.> one of which was fent to the Baltic, under the Command of Sir Charles Wager, m aid of Eledloral Meafures, a Second on the Shores of Spain, to intimidate that Nation, and prevent its fending Money to the Emperor, to put his Armies in Motion to attack the Eledloral State ; a Third to the JVel}- Indies under Hofur, to prevent Spain alfo from complying with the Terms of her Alliance, by hindering the Plate Fleet to return with their Trcafure, this laft of all Actions the nioft nefarious and inhuman. TiiE'^E three Fleets like the late Expedi- tion, returned without attempting to cfiK'l^ any i V • ;'f ^•;- (112) any Thing, and probably occafioned bj Caufes fimilar to the prefent* To fuch prepofterous Meafiires you were driven by the Influence of Hanoverian Councils over Englijh Condudlj your fellow Subjcds periflicd by Difeafe, your Ships by Ilottcimcfs, your Honor by Perfidy, and your Nation by Lofi of Trade and immenfe Ex- pcncc, only to revenge the Eledtor of Hano^ 'very on the Emperor of Germany, who would not violate the Right of the Duke of HclJIciriy to Bremen and Verden-t by an Invef- titurc in Favor of George*s Territories, which your Money had bought for him j nor con- demn the State of Ma'/:/^;;;^rr^ to pay what he demanded, and which the Emperor in his Confcience was convinced was four Times as much as was juftly due to the Elcdorj and which was afterwards fettled in that Manner. Jnilead of Millions demanded Sc^n Hun- dred Eighty-nine Thouland Eight llundred Fifty-lix Rix Dollars were accepted, being in I'jiglJjh Money not quite One Hundred and Forty-five Thoufand Pounds. Notwithstanding the Treaty of lla- vo'cer^ concluded between Pru/sia, tliis Kingdom and France^ the Emperor of Ger- Iff ( "3 ) Hiany^ fbon found Means to work upon the King of Priifsia, and withdraw him from that Alliance, in hopes of Iharing in the Conqueft of Hanover, the Confequence of true German Integrity, which no Ties of Blood tior Affinity can bind: this imparting frefh Dread to the Soul of G^or^^, a Treaty was pur- chafed with your Money, to oppofe their De- figns, by an Annual Subsidy, to Sweden of Fifty Thoufand Pounds, and by another with D^ffw^r^ with the Money of France, whofe Intereft it was for the Regentto keep all quiet at that Time in the North, andindulgeG^, ( "4 ) the Spcrinrd t.u the Attempt. George^ Miniiler v ti(?' before by the Treaty of Ma- drid, and by the Letter of his Mafler, had proiiiiied to deliver up Gibralter to the Spa- niard^ was intimidated from complying with it, through Fear of what might be die Event of fuch a Proceeding in England, This Want of Compliance it was which operated in the Spaniards^ chiefly to con- tinue the Depredations of their Gurda Coftas: that Minifter at this Time however deiiring above all Things to detach the Spanijb Court, from that of Vienna, left the Money of Ma- drid might enable the Emperor and Prufsiay to conquer Hanover -, without which he knew they could not well accomplifh it, ib juftly fuppofed to have defigned to acquiefce in do- ing fecretly, what he trembled to perform in open Day -, and to have taken this Opportu- nity of a Spanifi Siege, to let Gibralter fall into tlicir Hands, and gratify Spain j the in- tended Purchafe of a Separation between the Emperor and the Spamjh Prince. This how- ever was to be conduded as if the Place had been taken by Siege, that England might not be openly offended at fo great a Sacrifice of her Interefts, to thofe of Hanover, At this Time the Earl of Fortmore, Go- vernor of that Fortrefs, and then in England^ in George\ of Aftf- ler, had the Spa- j'mg with tie Event ras which to con- ia Coftas: jr defiring lijb Court, ;y of Ma- i Prufsiay h he knew :, ibjuftly efce in do- jeiform in Opportu- ralter fall 72 J thein- ;tween the his how- iPlace had md might a Sacrifice fr. xnore^ Go- England^ ( II? ) in whom old Age had not effaced, nor Cor- rupti'-n alienated the Love of his Country, fufpednng that to be the Defign, determined to take Charge of that important Fortrefs. Accordingly he demanded allTliings neceflary for its Defence, which the Minifter, though the moft profligate of all, who had till then fuperintcnded the national Aftairs, was afraid to refufe, and probably believing that it mull have been given up beforfc his Arrival. . However at the landing of that Noble- man at Gibr^ltari though that Fortrels was found unprovided in all military Requifites, and almoft ready to furrender on that Ac- count, this his Patriot Defign efFedlually pre- vented. An Ad:ion of more Confequence to this Nation than all the Vidories of MarU horough, and of more true Defcrt: to which no Motive animated him but the Love of his Country. Thus Gibraltar was faved, and George'^ Minifter difappointed in his Views of facrificing this Nation to Hanoverian Welfare i and an illuftrious Proof afforded that one Nobleman yet remained, who pre- fer*d the good of his Country to all other Confiderations. During thefe Tranfadlions, an Englifh Fleet had been fent into the Bal- tic^ to join with that of Denmark^ to oppofe 0^2 the m li^'M m ■•! ( 116 ) the Rufsiaft, and defend the German Tcr-- ritories in Cafe of an Attack by the German Powers. At this Time the Czarina dying, George was freed from liis Fears from that Quarter: and die Emperor notreceiving the5/^«//2>Mo-- ney, and being deprived of the Rufsian Af- fiftance, grew inclined to a Reconciliation with George^ for Reafons which will be feen in the Sequel j an Accommodation of the Differences of Auflria and ^pain with Eng^ landi was undertaken by the Court of Ver^ failleSi which was concluded with the Em- peror; but fome Difficulties arifing between Spain and this Court, Hoftilities were re- commenced on the Part oi Spain* George at this Time intending to vifit his darling Territories, was fuddenly feized with a paralytic Stroke on his Journey, and left this World in great Agonies; at that Heart fearching Moment. Wnofe Adions, the* they were generally allowed to be animated by Motives of Virtue, fuch was the Influ- ence of his EngUp^ and German Miniftry, and fuch the Misfortune attending the Ajf- cendancy they had gained over his Affairs, which it wtib impoflible for him to fee through ( "7 ) through or rcfHl, that the following Portrait of thofe Times (feems but toojuft. As Liberality w^fe tiot the Virtue, nor Learning the Favorite of that Court, Arts, Sciences, and Literature languifhed under that Reign ; the Wifdom of which con- iifled in purchafing your Reprefentatives to your undoing, and German Princes to the Support of H — « Territories J both which the Miniftcry accomplifhed by Money levied on yourfelves ; the Politics of it in their Breach of Public Faith, and feledting the moft profligate Aflbciates for cfFeduating the moil nefarious Purpofes. Of England's Revenues which could not be amafled, they were lavifh in Extreme to fuftain German Interefts, of the Hanoverian^ of which the Eledor was abfolute Mailer ; they were equally parlimonious,though necef • fary for the Prefervation and Advantage of his fubjedts. Thus whilll your Miniflcrs were ruining this Nation by a Profufion of Supplies fquandered in G — ;/ Meafurcs, the Hanoverians were opprcfled by a criminal Parfimony, fcarce poflefTiiig without the c- ledloral Coflers, Money fumcientfor the com- mon Ncccfiarics of Life ; and each A<^ion, thq • H;'';! .. (ii8) the Extravagance and Avarice, manifefted an utter Infenfibility to the Miferies of human Kind ; Proofs inconteftable that this rapacious Appetite after Englijh Treafure, fprung not from the palliating Motive of rendering the Hanorians more free and happy ^but from the minifterial Thirft, which like diat of German Princes, after encreaiing Dominions, and the Number of flavifli Subjeds, was for ever craviijg and infatiate. The Truth of the prevailing Veneration for the Emiiip Conftitution, the Adts which were pafl'ed during that Reign, irrefragably contradid; that Report was engendered, tbftered and fuftained, by the fallacious Tongues of irifiduous Placemen, Penfioners and Sedarics, who joyfully beholding them- lelves cherilhed, the eftabliflied Worfhip in Difo;race, and their Country running precipi- tately down to Ruin, to conceal the niinifte- rinVDefigns from your Enquiry, and pro- mote their own Interefts, al'ci ibed to tliofe in Power every Virtue v/hich God had denied them, and which were almoft as many as can cxiH:. . In the Speeches from the Throne, the Diminution of the Public Debt was grciirly ic- ifcfted an )f human rapacious »rung not ering the : from the )f German 3, and the for ever /"eneratlon idts which refragably igendered, fallacious Penfioners ing them- orfhip in precipi- e niinifte- and pro- Ito thofe in d denied many as [rone, the IS grciirly ( 119 ) recommended, in Meflages to the lloule, German Nature prevailed, and Money was afked to fupport tlie Views of the Eled:orate, minifterially difguiled, under the Terms of promoting your Welfare, fo that the natio- nal Mortgage, which was Fifty Millions at the Beginning of that Reign, and which by a righteous Adminiflration might have been reduced to Twelve, during its Conti- nuance in almoft univerfal Peace, was en- creafed at the Conclufion of it, by foreign Subfidies and German Purchafes. As in Public Tranfadtions you were by your Minifters bafely bartered tor the Encreale and Support of Elcdoral States, fo in your private Concerns you were profligately truck'd away, as the genuine Merchandize of German Proftitutes and Pandars. In Youth Libertinifm, in Age Avaritiouf- nefs, to be Tyrants over Wives, imperi- ous to Succeflbrs, and cajol'd by Coi.cubincs, chara&rizcd many great Perlbnagcs uf that Reign. Anxiety inExcefs poflcfTcd the iviiniflc- rial Band, when Evil feemed I'ut to trircatcn JIanorer, unfeeling in tbe laine Degree wben Calamities adiiallv bckl iWn Kuv.!- * o dv)Ul. i^'^- H ( lao ) dom; you were pillaged widaout Remorfe, and probably the aiFe(3ed Admiration of private Life in particular Perfons of high Rank, prevailed through Avarice and me conscious Infufiiciency of Qualides which are requiiite to fupport true Dignity. Like the Foxes in Lnplandy which change Colour to accommodate themfdves to the Seaibns, Men changed Religions to adapt themfelves to obtain Power, Honour and Advantage. As Lutherans they profei^ fed to believe Confubflantiation on tne Conti- nent; asof the Church o^EnglandXo renounce it in London 5 Presbyterians whofe Principles difavow all Heads of Churches ; by the Oaths of Allegiance, fwore the King ix)f- feffcd that Tide and Authority; and whiKl their Lips were prefling the Sacrament of your God, in Conlormity to the eftabliflied Worfliip and the Conftitution, their Hearts rebelled againftboth, and their Adlions imme- diately gave the Lie to that holy Teft of Truth; which Behaviour created in many Minds a rational Opinion, that they would have renounced all Protcilantifm and fubfcribcd to Tranfubftantiation to have obtained greater Advantage, and enjoyed more extenlive Pow- er J and this Sentiment vvae ftrongly fupport- cd 11 Remorfe, idmiration ns of high i and me les whiclji y- ■ r^, which themfdvcs digions to r, Honouf fiV profef- I e Conti- o renounce ; Principles :sj by th« King nof- and whilft rament of eftabliflied leir Hearts ons imme- l of Truth; my Minds ould have fubfcribcd ned greater ifive Pow- y fupport- ed ( 121 ) cd by the Manner in which they trifled with Conlcience, and vindicated tliofe Miniftcrs who preferved no public Faidi, where the Electoral Inilerefts came in Competition with the Honour and Advantage of your Country. The Angular and prevailing Sentiments in which it was inviolably perfevered, during that Period, were that few German Elec- tors were the Fathers of tlieir Wive's Chil- dren, which made them carclefs who were Heirs of their Dominions. That all Sove- reigns ought to be defpotic, as the Effecfl of which, it was Pain to behold the liberal Countenance of a free People, which con- ftantly reminds Men they are not abfolute, and for which Rciifon it was frequently the Cuftom to indulge the Lufl: of Defpotifm in the Company of Slaves. And lailly, that Eno^lijhmt'ri ought to labor for Wealth to wanton away on German Purpofes ; in Con- fequcnce of wiiich, your Minifter had no Mercy on your Liberties and Properties. So cnnfuminatcly // novcrian was the TcmpLT of the Times, it docs not appear the augufl l)onati(>n of thclc Realms created one Moment's (jniliiiuie in the Hearts ot" your J \ing M;n>{b-v F I N I S.