•a IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1125 f^ 112.2 1.3 us u ^lU 6" ^ vQ >> > '>> r '^ y Sderices Corporation 23 WEST MASN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 '\? CIHM/ICMH Microfiche CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Csnadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Instivut canadien de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy .''ivailable for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, wh:ch may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D D D n D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagie Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur^e et/ou peiliculde I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque □ Coloured maps/ Cattes gdographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) □ Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound w■ ■•^7» (1.) srMMARY OF THE TRADE OF THE DOMINION. linpoitrt ;ind Exixirts, — Trndf with Foreign Countries, — Decline in the Value of Imports. 0—12 Imports and Exports for ten years. — Exports to tlie United States. — Exports to (ireat Britain. 13 — 15 Tiio Liquor Trade, -To'cacco, — Cipars, — IVtroleum, — Annual Consiiniption per head of Liquor, Tobacco and Petroleum. ------- IG — 22 TLe Dairy Produce Trade, — Imports and Exports of Butter, Cheese and Eggs. 23 — 27 Tlie Lumber Trade, — Exports of the Dominion, — Countries to which Exports are matle, — Quantity and Value of I'lank and Board Exported from Ontario and l^ ■'•tr.i- ■'< '".k- '-•, ,:^--: IV CONTENTS. (3) THE TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. Financial Affairs. The Condition of the Baukw. — Tlie Money Market. — Tiie failureH of tho year, — The Stock Market, — Highest and Lowest Prices of Stocks. — The Oold Market, — Tlie London Money Market, — Dominion Note Circuhition. Fire Losses in Canada. ---------- ThK i'KOniCK TllADK. Aggregate Receipts and Sliipments, — Receipts and Shipments oV "lypv; and Grain liy all Cliannels, — Flour: Receipts and Sliii>niiiits. Vntint'ties ManufaitTired in Montreal, Quantities Inspected, Comparative I'rices, — Wheat ; Receipts and Shipments, Quantities in Store. Prices of Canada Spring, — Maize : I'rices. Receipts and Shipments. — Peas : Prices, Receipts and Shipments. — Barley : Receipts and Shipments. — Oats : I'rices, Iteceipts and Shipments, — Oat and Corn Meal: Prices. Receipts and Siiipments. — Ashes : Receipts, Inspections. Shipments. Prices. . . - . . The Puovisio.N Thadk. Receipts, Shipments and Prices of Pork, — Receipts and Shipments of Beef, — Receipts and Shipments of Lard, ----.--- Dairy J'rodick. Receipts and Shipments and Prices of Cheese and Butter. - - - The Grocehy Tuadk. Quantitity and Value of Tea imported from all Countries, — From the United States. — Condition of the Trade in 1876, — Want of a Differential Duty, — Quantity and ^'alue of Sugar Imported from all ('ountries, — From the Tnited States. — Quantity remaining in Bond. — Prices of Raw an, I '.».') Germany 1,17(> 178 Spain I nif^.lMK! Portugal ! •2(M),lr'r! Italv ! ^^U,'-.')! Hdlland -J'i'.tJTO JJelpium :)()l,4r)(i B. N. A. l'r()vinc-('8. . 4,(i( l>,r.r)2 British AYcst Indies. •i.'.KilJ.MH Spanish do . x},7t)7,4:VJ French do .\ M:).22l Other W. 1. Islands.! lli»,'224 South America l,7(>l.(i:5:5 China and .1 apau 1 ,7(i!l,K')() Switzerland | l-2(),r)14 Australia 43(».174 South Alrica 1(>'>,1»77 Other Countries r)()(i,H47 Totals •>17,:?(l4.r>If) 1874. iH7r). 1870. 1877. e § § § ioh,oh:{,(;4'^ jn(i,;{7l>,ii(;!» 83,474,320 Hl,131t,7(iH lM),r)24,(i<)<) 8(1,71 7. H):{ 7r),Urt(i,<)01) 77,Ori7,l)l4 2J>i'A),7V2 2,ir)4,0«i5 2,31)4,812 1,730,002 J, ( (•22,4-28 8.il),442 008,305 404, ins 4f.U,()27 :{;)().7H4 44.^).4.')1 340,7.')7 '2'.>4,007 2:{(),7'J(> iiH>,iyr> 17.'),42.'. •2:j(),2yf) '2i4,:«)() 183.1i)l» 242,1>42 '271,043 '2r) :{,:i(t7,i2i 3,017,337 2,H3.'),3(i:i '2,;7jr),:{r)(i 2,ir)H,441 1,777,209 1 ,H47,H20 411,111 4lH,(l(ilt 340,1.^)3 18.'j,234 ir);{,4()7 '2r)(),27l> l.')0.074 lo:;,242 1, ('..■«(;.')( 18 l,0()4,r><»:{ 1)70,762 (>'>o,r)!)(; l,2(i:?.728 ()1>4.472 1)71,314 4.'>."),7.">r) i:51).(i74 110,128 .%,108 o;>,(iO(; 98,7:53 182,;{38 7U,0t)3 18."'.,0lo :i,:UO 404,.%0 314.323 I20,.")(i4 82r),(il)4 r)(j(;,it)4 1,370,407 1,10;'), .'.(ill 2i(;,7r,(;,(iu7 i'.)7,.')().').r)3() i7.').()ni),or)3 172.17.'.,s70 In his rei)ort of the trade of the Dominion in the liscal year, ending' June 30th, 1877, the Commissioner of Customs say.s : " From an examination of the returns from the principal Ports of Entry, and information otherwise obtained, I am led to believe that prices of general merchandise have continued to recede. At the end of the liscal year 1875-76, it was generally believed that market values had reached bottom, and the tendency there- after would be upw^ard, but the result has not justified that expectation. It is true that sugar and molasses show quite a considerable advance on the average of past year's importations. The rise, however, has not been sustained, bat has receded since 1st July last below its former level. In hardware, there has been a marked decline in prices, especially in imports from the United States. English heavy hardware has fallen about 7 J per cent., and heavy shelf goods in the same line about 5 per cent. The same classes of goods, however, from the United States show a K^ti..,, TllADK OK TIIK DOMINION, 11 iroiieral decline of J)out 12^ per conl. Iron from Groat Pritain has i'allen materially, althouuh i)r»n iovisly, at an unusually low fiii'ure. I)ar, Kod, lIoo])s and Nail f^iuM-ts have declined 20s. @, 25s. per ton, and galvanized Iron 3os. @, 40s. per ton. Tin-i)latt'8 3s, @, i]s. 9d. per box, and Canada x>lides Is. Od. f^ 2s. i)er box Cotton and Cotton goods have lallen generally IVoni 5 per cent. l(» 7J ])er cent., including brown ducks and cotton ilannels Ironi the United States. Stationery IVoni Great Britain doi's not appcnir to hav«' sensi- bly receded in price, but that iVoni the Unit«'d States appears to have fallen to a serious extent, viz : Taper about 1) and other stationery I'rom 10 to 25 i)er cent. Drugs and chemicals, so lar as they a Meet the lievenue, api)ear to remain nearly in sla(N quo. In Tree goods, however, such articles as ' Caustic Soda ' and " Sal Soda " have lailen al)out 15 i)er cent. Teas — It is very diilicult to determine whether there has been an actual fall in the i>rice of teas or not. According to the Trade Returns the average i)rices, both in Green and l)lack, of the Dominion imi^orts have been steadily d<'clining lor the last four or live y«>ars. These averages shew, for Green Tea, in 1874, o5 cents; 1875, Sll cents ; 1(S76, 29 cents ; and in 1877, 26 cents i>er pound. For Black Tea, 1874, 28J cents ; 1875, 26| cents ; 187(3, 2i)h cents ; and in 1877, 25 per lumnd. This falling oil", howcA'er, may, and probably is, to a great extent, the result of smaller im- l)ortations of the higher grades or classes, and larger im])ortations of the inferior grades. From all the information which Jias reached this I)ei>artment, it ai)pears to be well established that there is a growing demand for good mediums and the lower grades, and a corresixmdingly diminished demand for the higher, probably resulting from the hard times. The reason why there appears so small a dilference between the average price per pound of Green and ])lack Teas, is that all Japan teas are classed as Green, and they constitute a very large proi:>ortion of the whole. These are but a few examx>les introduced to indicate the I- r ■■..■f- ,. 12 GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE continuance, np to tho end of the fiscal year, of the general de- preciation of values and accom])jniyinii* depression in coirimerc*'. It also points to the fact that less revenue has been realized than the tariir rates would have secured, if api)lied to goods purchased in a higher market. It is further api)arent, from the warehouse returns, that the necessary consumi)tion of the year has been drawn to some ex- tent from previous imporlations, the balance in warehouse at tin- close being smaller than at the commencement of the year ; and various indications render it apparent that it has become the general practice of importers to order more frequently and in much smaller quantities than was their habit in more prosperous seasons. It is, perhaps, correct to assume that both measures ar»' prudent, and will have a tendency not only to prevent extensive disasters, but to hasten the reco\'ery of our Canadian commcicc feom its present depressed condition. Linens and woolens have declined from 7^ to 10 per cent., and silks IVom 10 to 15 per cent. 2 ^ Z) o 9 »-- ChQO S-1 l-H W o -^^ X QO " I c zi f-* s a ca -t— ( O (U D ^ 03 ? «i ■^ d o o ^ ^ o (B ^ s ? w c S CO CO o O) O) CO ^ S -1 H (H cii !3 a O TRADE OF THE DOMINION. 13 mm o .^4 c« ^M to ^ 1? a> o 1^ 00 M 1— M CO o 1— ^i^ QO >< rl W O -«.^ QO n CO 1 T 1— •«^ CO t-i on o r-i ^ B ^ »^ C? TO I— I O (D ^^ >> "O »2 -^ 0) J^ 03 '^'^ s ^ ^ 2 c3 H S> 2 M U o u o ,^ H i^^ O u c 3 H C Ci_i o o TQ 0) CO CO a Oi C3 ^ 2 03 '^ S -; H a> CLh c3 w ::^ O o a 4) a v o I. D III 0« ^ o g ^ M » O a o H W « t! ho - I? o 5 i s fl s b « s s ^ Q a hi o. O X a <« 5 W 5 b^ 1 c aj c a fl lO 3 O M O o o — o M © o Oi O o 00 ?* O 0> -H -H © U) CO o CO -t t^ m CO in •rt ^H Oi ,, w i-H CT. f ^1 M 00 »o © ri .-1 © CO fO 1" t m f— t m '■O l-~ to" I— CO © 00 ao_ ©" »o 05 m 00 CD oo" CO 00 1- I— CO tx>^ ri -M — X — 'O 1 CI I'J ri ■- s «f: ^ *- T I ~. -r « -- r— < "f-r * t rP » ^~ M r^r •— t l-"^ I2 " i-H ''"' « 1 . . . . -r . -t • -r r d -S " 1 ■0 . . . . i-- . t- • 1 '- cT s 1— ( s: a (—1 • • • • *k • '3 1 •^ ^i-'i! ^ y -t«oiooo-H irio "~Si -f .« , 3 <* — -J ?^ ri c. I- M CI ^■^ « I t- *.'* 1- -t 1- M 1- —J 30 -^ » c>» r 1 ^ ti (/> r! 1- f^I <~'-6 -t iri c-i -T c-r o6' T? ? . 1-. ifl 00 ri X ?i 1- X -1 ^ in »0 U "^ S 1- ^ „ ev4 V5 ^ 1 ^ 1.-5 -r ^^ ij .3 'i ^ P G 1 '-. ■■» CO 1 i5 ; ; 1 s.-~ a CO c8 «■» . ; • • Decrea ill 187 with I87 i-'i- ci X r- — ■•- > sv d iti 0' -t — X — 'fl CO c 1 — w 1 — -t :-. i-:,«5, -^ ^^^ ! c; -o f— 1 — oV •^■rf -^ 00 •-*' ■M ri C"l 10 X c •^ ri m >i^ 1^ — X a X fc iO r- — X •.; »n M X i.T n r^. y. -r <~ '-c i~ X q^ '.3 -t 00 ^ ^ lo'r^oc •* o' — — rf c-1 m' c 1- 1- f^ -t X X c o- C-l r-5 »-H c-i t cv X 1- r: -^ p: i-H -ff Tf ^^_ r-T * x X ;s M X X » n — " "' 1.-!' x" ^' n ■^^ err 1- r"; . 'yj -M c:i --I C. fC a. ^H , — -.■■ ■-■: 1- «- -H 1- X *4* 1— ( ""t «^X_x-; -f lO -^t-- X •-'^ CI ^, 00 1— 1 f/> ~ 'S "" ~- ■J? z^" z: d x~ 1^' -t~ ^ T I — -v S i~ X 1- 3 Jo ~. 00^ CI • . ?• ^ rj X >-i c. cT « :- — i -^ — -H M ~ J— _ , '^ X 1- •-; X c 1- ri X -^ CI « ~ 1- "1 -t ri 1- -— ' c — - •n X ^ ri C-, -t X X -f ro ■~t* i'^ c-i M 1— -t C JS T 1- C. r- "f ^, t- * f— ^ r^ ro :^ '':_^ -c i— ^". 01 X CI C_^ icT— ^: 'S(6 — " It ^"^ M cP "t . . . y . . . . T. • C . . • ■ -s J "? : • y • ■ 1 5C -^ i c'l ^^v '.i 1 : -»J d o H s 3 ^ij| Total . illion. ji'iioun 1 H «« c s i ? /x -1-' c4 Ck CS ^ 3 3J ■■^ •Ti^ CQ -2 •§ -c ^ ^ -i « 52 d "5 d 5 d ■p I— 00 ?0 a o -a a c3 « b ~l-i r. , ~iw* a> %^ t« c; ^ i; 4^ P f-t ^J 1- ' ■^) or ' ^ Cj ^ a ■^ r^ ,H r— I -H -4-^ -d bo -4-J 1»H »'. C/J W ?^ H -»J {-< 02 I— I— oo TO I- (X) o .f- c3 o > o C3 n o -^^-1 r , -«^ (V ;-< «: O a /^ tj X 'r-\ w O ":*-< P o u o ^i f * 1) (ff ^ CJ ■^ *^ i^ a ri ,H hH ti^ A C»' -^^ ,^ •>-* • I— » !? »» »* o >► i-^ -' i< f— N '; 71 K K* ti-H I—i -t-j hH f, Vj w O H -< r* yj TRADE OF THE DOMINION. 15 QJ 1 . 1 :S « 00 — X X i to o CO 1 CO M £ T* -r l- I- ^ ^ v> CJ' Ci 1 X o6" |.a a pi o Q -3 co" X X 00 • V Cl fC Cl r-1 .CI O C> 1 o X M 'H T- 1- O ^- • 00 X 1- l.O CI Cl rt 00 o_ i~__ -;' ■ cj --^p-l 1 M i-* •^ f^ « ■1* ^ r 1 \n '■S -^ ' tn CI '- \ cf ro c-r =^ 3 o M M M S • 1- I- 't 1 — • X Cl a CC co_e^ ; m •t »o '_^ X H( t-H «^« . O CO — • -t_o X ■ cTcT -t 1-^ et in- ase i 877 11 o • CO to 'J 1 >n lO G -^ CO 1- V Q • co~ CI CI •4" 5zi S" l'^_ 00 o 00 X 00 0-. . . 1^ CI a 1- CI f— 1 CO i.O r-l r-< 1- (C CO -!• c^ es ,-0 o_ « e;i lO r- t- I- *, P ¥> QO"-^ -f o cr cr ! -^ t-T CO Xj o c^ m •M w^ © 1.0 Tit a » —1 =^r>^ © f~i CI X CS •— ^ ro^ r— T o ifT -T 1- C Ci SV t- " t~- c c- o -t M r^ i- fo 1 C". 1- cr> 1 c: , e w o 00 CI r-< X- ir CI t i~ o^oo o_o fC_-; m o_ a-s r4^ t-^ c" cT pi~ r— * .— /-> •-< r-t »— t 1-^ "t -r ■^ i it Ci CI — » — r- c 00 — 1 Ci ~. -t c «»■ 00 CO lo c t; irt -1 f3 •6 00 CI 1- — '.0 X CI " 10 X CO m- «0 X M CV -t -t - X c«- CI CO ^-T o I- in — - ^ t:- t X CO CO © © •— ■ 1— c • 't -f i~ o ~. CO c: o r CI CI i- i- CO «5 -t Cl C © o , X CC_-+ W^Cj^x c -I. 00 «0~ co~ c'l s-r cT c~ >r Cl" c. m — . 1(0 CI m c t^ ■— CO CO CI '.5 CO »fj iC O r- c ©_ CO !>• CO -— o" ©■ ^ .I t t CI O CI — CO c ■ o c CI CO T, -t iO 1- C. '^ CO i"* X QC CJ^',-^ rH^ lO C_^:- ci^ - X 00 1-4 oi' o" -f co' x" co" c er~i; CO* ej^ X C' -f X C -t 1- © CO 1- Cj^-t_i-_^'o c^ -t" cT t-T ^ -f iO~ r-. .-( ■ -f cr -r 1 - 00^ c-^ «5_ 1- (<• »™4 r-< CO i-^ xf ^ 1— t 1—1 x" CO x~ • o !« u ■S ^_4 Fishevi Forest their Pioi Products. "5 = o » ^ -2^5 = i c < c O p «<-, (2 rt d C Oil CC lets o do do als a ultur factu = a o 3 1 1 lisi 1 r i c. < V. .d • U 3 16 GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE THE LIQUOR TRADE. SPIRITS. The following: table shows the condition of the trade durinor the pasc five years : Fiscal Year. 1872-73. 1873-74. 1874-75. 1875-76. 1876-77. GO S o V I- a 0- o a B a ^ S I— ( 4^ .2 E X! OS 2 tc 3 = -a Pf. Gals. 950,703 1,351,502 913,203 1,873,328 1,276,786 Pf. Gals. 4,622,931 4,528,118 4,682,923 3,111,346 3,546,878 rH o o a ^ .2 ■3 -K 73 fl e r. .o69.016 41.030.986 j 3;i,016 082 51 876,.385 1 30,693,447 Lbs. 10.193.631 6,2.33,367 4,677,!t60 10,123.378 Lbs. 12,862,041 4,ti50,;n5 7.962,9.'i9 19,015,309 Lbs. 358,.332 JS7.S-74 1S74-75 1875-76 Annual aver'pre of four years ended June 30, 1875.... ]';76-77 35-U765 351,386 327,709 38,856,774 1C)8,853,355 ; 131,034,239 31.228,3.36 9.56,910 44,490,644 11,122,('61 17,791. .3,32 1,392,192 0,714,103 19 01.->.500 42,213,339 39 235.298 32,758,560 2S.878..=;51 i 1 7,807.084 1 229,227 U.-'iT'SU 2.910 348,048 .389.257 The above Statement shows the quantity of malt manu- lactured during the past fiscal year is less than the average of the four previous years by 2,978,041 lbs., and less than the quantity manufactured in 1875-76 by 12,641,087 lbs., while the quantity taken for consumption was 3,880,000 lbs. below the average, and 1,814,896 lbs. less than was taken in 1875-76. These figures show that there has been a steady decline in the quantity of malt used during the past live years. The quantity of malt exported last year is 3,770,730, lbs. in excess of the average exports of the preceding four years, and 1,454,436 lbs. in excess of the exports of 1875-76. ii->^ ««.^ K-t:".:-. t ft*"'- - .■ *•■■': ■' -.jAi -■^■sl' •■•:•■ 18 GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE The quantity remaining in bond on the oOth June, 1877, was less than the quantity in bond at the commencement of the yt'ar by 1,223,977 lbs. Of the quantity of malt used during the fiscal year, 27,471,- V97 lbs. were used in the manufacture of malt liquor, and 3,013, 920 lbs. in distilling. It is somewhat remarkable that notwith- standing the increased duty on malt which was in operation during about otie-third of the past malting season, the use of glucose, sugar, and syrup as a substitute for malt has b«^eii entirely discontinued, and yet the relative duty on beer made from such articles in proportion to the dutj on malt has only been increased one-quarter of one per cent. TOBACCO. The transactions in manufactured tobacco of all desctiptions stated in pounds during the five years ended 30th June, 1877, ;nv shewn in the following Statement : Year. s . I Lbs. 1872-73 l,<»r).S.()42 7S7.^-74 1,UN),M7 lH,4-75 l.;il5,2.S4 1875-76 3,',);;0,4ii4 Lbs. ().4;'il,llil H,8().").2Tr) il,5i>".l.'i2 7.1(iS,44G Sa Lbs. (),aU,208 i 8.484,1 i):i ! ti 575 443 8,353,955 I Lbs. (1411,4.58 4'<3.*")7 ;«!t.809 »;3().4!i2 Lbs. Lb>. 9.548 i 1.4911,547 12.98'.) ! 1.315.->^4 li!.(;90 3,9.30 4'.'4 5.802 ! 2,198.t!!'l 8,r)89.9ii7 : 31,991, ■<93 : 29,G77,799 ! 2,114.11t) i 45,02;1 i 8,845,' 1',' Annual arerapo of four years ended 30th Juno, ]87(). ..... 2,172,492 1876-77 2.i08,091 7,997,998 j 7,419,449 i 528,529 | 11,257 8,990,610 I 7,720,633 j 609,519 ! 22.927 2,lll,:-4 2,74.5,745 To the above quantities are to be added the quantity of leaf taken for consumption in a raw state, during the same years,, which will give the following additional columns : TRADE OF THE DOMINION. 1» Ybah. Raw Leaf taken for Consumption. Total Toliacco taken for Canadian. Foreign. Lbs. 255,223 277,634 228,172 158,272 Con- sumption. 1872-73 Lbs. 50.408 113.797 65,5'J9 11,932 Lbs. 6,569,830 187.3-74 8,875,624 1874-75 6,860.144 1875-76 8,524,159 of four years ended 30th 241,666 919,.301 30,838,766 Annuftl Average June, 1876.. . 60.416 8,630 220.825 87,203 7,709,691 1876-77 7,816,466 From the above, it appears that the production of manufactur- ed tobacco, during- the past fiscal year, has been 1,823,104 lbs. in excess of the quantity manufactured in 1875-76, and greater than the average annual production of the ibur preceding years by 993,612 lbs., but the quantity taken for consumption during th«> year ending 30th June, 1877, is less than the quantity taken during the preceding year by 633,322 lbs., though it is greater than the average taken during the four preceding years by 301,184 lbs. The stocks of manufactured tobacco in warehouse, at the close of the past fiscal year, exceed the stocks in warehouses at its commencement by 6o7,054 lbs., and they exceed the average of the preceding four years by 534,491 lbs. The additional column respecting raw leaf, presents an un- satisfactory statement in relation to that article. The quantity of Canadian leaf taken for consumption, as such, was at its maximum in 1873-74, when it amounted to 113,797 lbs. Since then there has been an annual decline until last year, when it amounted only to the nominal quantity of 8,630 lbs. Yet the information which comes from various sources, justifies the beliei that there has been a steady increase in the quantity cultivated. ';>■■:- .» 20 GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE CIGARS. In coiitiiiuation of the tabulated Statements submitted last year the following' is noAv submitted : — Years. 1873.. 1874., 1875., 1876.. 1877. Coiisumption. ! Customs Duty. Excise Duty. Lbs. 225.7fi.» 674.60<.t 67t),429 488,27.S 5()7.8(i«) 417,703 !.«3 to>6 per M. »1 to f5 per M. 45 cents per lb. 30 cents per lb. '^ do 40 do I do 140 do do 140 do .50 do and 40 do 20 per ct. ad viil- The total consumption in 1877 shows, therefore, a decrease of about 17| per cent., as compared with 1876, of which 12| per The following Statement shows the transactions in Petroleum for the past year. FISCAL YEAR. o 4,550,187 (•uHk. 7,997,937 888,156 1.140 47.246 Galls. 613,998 752.189 1874-75 1 33,858 1875-76 298,006 1.953,070 26.643,186 16,928,571 8.934,479 1,798,061 Annua! average of four years ended June 30, 1876 1876-77 488,267 298,006 6,660,796 7,913,754 4.232,143 3,656,366 2,233,620 3,923,720 449,513 9,213 As the duty on petroleum was repealed last session of Parlia- ment, and as the repeal took effect on and from the 20th February, 1877, the above statistics do not give a full account of the trade in that article during the year referred to. -.;M-..- ■o '■.- * - -^ *.' ;:t:./: 22 GENERAL jSUMMAUY OF THE •s o ■•i -s g -I I .J Cm O 1* O •IS W o :?! H S H -0 H CQ tc c « CI - t- o o o « Cl 1^ 1 •imi.»[oa;Oji 15 00 »- o CO 00 CO lO C5 CO 05 C5 X ui C5 ^ fH 1- »— ( ^ irj CO ^• rH c* ■»)< m 05 o M IM CO 1.0 oo 1- 05 o o CO a. •ooaaqo^ CO t o K5 I-H t t- -r CO CO M ^^ W C4 M CI ci •^ M Cl Cl ^4 • OS ^H © 00 00 ^« Cl *H !>• 't o ■a"!AV <^ c 1-- c CI CI 'O .^ CO X CO Cl 1 o M 9 f— 1 * '^ •~ Cl c o ~C0" 1-0 r- * a> m -t" CO t-H \— 00 C5 '^ •aooji eS f— t o> CO *— ' m CO c CO CO Cl 05 ^ u C3 Ifl a> CO • CO l'- « 1.- CO o CO CO , c ^- "t •-H ^^ ^ o» CO >n •uinoio.i}Od: O 00 00 CO CI CO • CO in • 05"~~ 00 CO "cO"" 05 lO fO 00 o CO CI •n '0 j CO o ■* 00 00 c o o 05 1< CO •* -* J- t o CO Oi 00 1- CI .— • * -t X © ■oo^miox o X ^ o 00 iO -* CO 1- ^ in r-« ^" r-< C) CI CJ Cfl CO Cl Cl t— ~ Cl ~x"^ CI • oc M ^^ ■* eo 1— oc 05 •ouiAi c3 ^ CO uO lO ■* 00 J- »n 00 o t oa o M iM CO CO ■* CO ■* M CO c« • • • ■ • • • • ■ ' . C-. c ra l-O CI 00 CO Cl Cl X in i CO .— * CI 00 •^ t- CO 1^ Cl — c c Mooa Is CO •^ c: o •~ Tf Cl CO Cl ■■^ Cl ■*.»'■ (M w "^ CI N CI e^ Cl Cl Cl N OC ,_ t- 1^ c ^M -4. <0 Cl X ^ 1- o Tf CO •* -t **.■ ^^ '^ d © •8;ui(ls 6 oc Cl CO o UO CO Cl • Cl f-H ^ CO -t CO *- 00 ^ Cl Cl .^ »n c=\ X X Ol CO CO 00 o CO 05 -* Cl -f Cl •lunoioj^oj -;3 ■^ • »o CO CO ^ Cl Cl CO X 1— 6 ^' c^ t-t CS N Cl Cl hH I-H « 05 ,— CO 0> • »-H 05 CO Cl ^- 05 00 1— CO CO CI I» 00 t- Cl CO t- Cl ^ •ooottqoj. 1^ o O 00 CO -^, CO c 1^ .— 05 X o Pi ^ ^ f— ( ^H CJ — C^ •~ Cl -" F-H . 't o 1^ CI ^ CO in »n X I^ < •oui;W C5 > CO i-O o 00 Ci c in CO Ci 1.0 C3 • c o '—, o c ^ o o •r , o C>1 c^ 00 in Cl 05 CO CO 05 t~ O ■f. o 1- 1- 1— o CI 1- OS 00 o o •joog % T ■— ' o uo o in fO CO CO »-H 05 C5 w (CJ CI CI CO CO CO oo CO CO Cl . •* CO 00 c o -* CO CO 05 05 C5 CO o> Ci CI CO •^ Cl in CO X •g^uidg 6 1— 1 o r— 1 CI 1— t rj< m 'I' Oi Cl CO F-H © CO . . • . . • . * , , i) • • • • • • • • • • tc 00 Cl o I-H Cl CO ■* m CO r- 35 CO CO 1- ^- t- J— 1~- J- l~ 1~ 00 1— ( 00 f— ( 00 I-H 00 I-H 00 f-H 00 I-H 00 I-H 00 l-H X X I-H < TRADE OF THE DOMINION. 28 ■« %• DAIRY PTJODUCli]. The following is a statement oi" the (quantity and value oi' Butter and Cheese imported into the Dominion during the past li\'i' fiscal years : — lu rrKK. CIIKKMK. I-ISOAL YKAKS K.MlKIl .«^rlI JlNK. Quantity. Viiluo. (iiiiintity. Viiluo. is::; lbs. 04,934 17(J,(]2.5 185,082 146,95(5 1.010 071 $ 22,8:.4 30,441 44,074 38,27(5 108,581 11 >8. 109,028 126,000 120,074 102,008 1,851,564 1 6,089 is: 4 10,029 I,s75 10,841 ]f^lr, 1K77 15,017 163.220 Until last year the import of Butter and Cheese into Canada was insignificant, the quantity produced not only sui)plying our own wants, but leaving a large surplus for exportation. In 1876-7, however, a large increase in the importation occurred, and an examination of the returns shows it to have occurred almost wholly in the Province of Quebec, that Province having imported 729.714 lbs. of butter and 1.7!t4,141 lbs. of cheese in 1876-77 against 93 lbs of butter and 20,435 lbs. of cheese in the previous fiscal year. The dairy produce imported comes chieily from the United States. As regards cheese there will probably for a long time to come, always be a certain quantity imported from En- gland, to meet the demand for the particular kind of cheese made there, but the importation from the United States must be regarded as exceptional ; Canadian cheese now ranking as high as the best produced there. The cheese and butter imported into Canada from the United States is not, however, for home consumption, but is re-shipped to Great Britain, 734,224 lbs. of the butter and 1,767,998 lbs. of the cheese imported from the United States, having been sent to the United Kingdom. > ■ fV ;-.-,.>,»> 24 GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE Tho quantity and value ol' exports from the Dominion since- 18G1>, was as Ibllows : — Fiscal yrabs kndkd 30th Jukr. BLTTKR. CHKK8K. Quiintity. lbs. r2.-2r.i>,HH7 i.^),i:u>,2()(i ii),()()8,:Mf< i.''.,-2(t8,(.:{:{ "J,2r.8.(»44 I2,:w2,;ui7 l.^).47S)..')r)(J Value. Quantity. lbs. ; 4,W.\:\7{) :},927,7&^ 8,271,4:}lt , U),424,(»2r> ll),48:{,2il 24,(»r)(»,U8- :w,:{4*2,(»:?(i :{r),(fj4.(iuo :n.7(K» s>2i Value. 1H(59 $ 2,:54:»,27o ' 2.:{.^):{,r.7(t : :{,()(i.^),2'29 :},()12,()7U •i,808,l»71» ; 2,()20,:{(l5 i y,:{:57,:w4 ! 2,r)7!»,4:u :5.224.U8I ! r.4!t,.'):-,' 1H70 IH7I 1872 JH7:{ 1874 r»,4,iNi l,l(ll),lMi|l 1.''4(I,V!M 2,V{H),41J :i.r)-j:5,-j(ii I87r> :{,88«i/^-j(i 1 87«i :j,7r)i,-2(;8 1877 :i,Hl)7.!t- preciaiiou of l)uyers, maintained an excellent reputation. Thr returns oi' shij)ments durinj»" the present year had l)een as I'ol- lows, compared with those of last year : — ( HKKSE. 1H77. Toronto 4,1 r)0,0!i4 llw. NewcuHtlo !i7,000 " IW-llfvillc 4,140,900 '• Niipiinic l,i:)7,'J10 <• KingHton ],(»r):{,420 " (iHiianoinie. :tlli,r)HO «> Mullorytown 2:W,:yM '• I'rcHci.tt 'Ji;7,7:i7 '• Matilda 104.t)l»5 •' lH7(i. ;i,0(»7,o'20 llis. 87,!)a7 " 4, 782,.') 18 '• 1,1 51, .080 '■ l,i:^hich has pre- A'ailed since 187J. The effect of the crisis of 1873 in the United States, upon Canadian trade, was first seen in the decline in our lumber exports and the drop in prices. The United. States, which in 1873 purchased lumber of the value of 110,000,000, received from us less than $5,000,000 worth of lumber in 1877. The trade w^ith G-reat Britain has been fairly well maintained, but the profit derived from the business has been materially reduced by the decline in prices. The value of our lumber exports to the West Indies and and South America declined one- half within three years. The quantities and values of Plank and Board exported from Ontario and Quebec for a series of years were as follows : — Feet. Value. 1876-77 330,051,000 $3,542,642 1875-76 336,) 10,000 3,693 519 1874-75 454,715,000 4,855,447 1373-74 781,232,000 7,79.3,007 1872-73 739,034,000 9,574,32'' 1871-72 , 751,953,000 7,059,520 1870-71 702,499,000 7,051,391 1869-70 717,77.5,000 7,071,238 1868-69 554,767,000 5,562,762 186'.-68 570,749,000 .5,663,126 1864-65 330,950,000 3,325,478 tYi- TRADE OF THE DOMINION. 29 The United States is onr principal customer for Plank and Board, taking last year 300,000,000 feet, while all other countries received only 80,000,000 feet. Il will be noticed that we exported less in 1870-7 than for twelve years past, althou^'h prices Avere about the same as in the previous year. The South American market, ■«vhich formerly absorbed a large pro^iortion of the ex- port, is now lost to us, partly because of a falling' otf in the demand there, and partly because of there being no return freight. In 1874, South America took 40,000,000 feet of plank and board, and in 1877, only 7,000,000 feet. The total value of Deals exported from the Dominion of Canada in the liscal year ending June 30th, 187(3, w^as .^7,771,47'), of w^hich the Province of New Brunswick exported to the value of 83,407,410, and the Province of Quebec to the value of $4,061,165. The total value of Deals exported in 1876-7 was $8,465,053 of New Brunswick oxported $3,568,991, and Quebec $4,564,594. The quantity of white Pine exported from the Dominion in 1876-7 was 413,787 tons, of the value of $4,250,540 ; of this quantity 408,649 tons were shipped from the Province of Quebec and Great Britain received 406,890 tons. '\ . . '- "-"' - V*.' . . <|k|||a| it^nmRxi ';•;••:.,.» ,, ■if :• *•; ... tv f,-:- so GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE o o - GO O —I •^ QO O CO •rH 1^ O O !» pi*1 o f; C/J o cc -t-J 0* M VJ 'T^ t^ rt o c3 Cll (H s •r-< fli s «^ O fl - o o -^^ H ^ W w \ o o o © © © o o o o '^f »-0 t- f- — f c o o o © © © © © © Cl CO CO CO — i i— o_o o_o_ © ©_^ o © © o p-H ^• Cl CO 00 ^^ 00 ir? Q0~ cfo" t^ CO Cl CO 00 I" W 05 CI —1 O Tf CO O 'T O © © © © © — o Cl m — V; o o o o © © © © o © r»< l-H r-H •— ' ~* .•0 o o,<^ o © o © ©__ © © ^H CO ^ CO 00 ci— "-^"i-T 'tl^-t CO ©■ o 1^ Cl t^ 1 h r-. O O CI 0^ © 05 r— 1 Cl CJ lO '1, r^ »— < o o © Ci © © © © © © »n -H o •n o o o © © o © o © .-H .-0 © T yj 1— o o c- © © :: © o © CO © l-H 1-- j~^ -» 1^ >0 CI CI CO Cj •— • CO 00 t >n !^" 1- ?: CI r; o © CO o 1- o Cl C3 r-. r— t 1"- t— ( CO ■^ -H H cP of -T o so © © ^ * o © 00 1^ in Cl __ o o o © © © © © © •n © in CO * H-^ •o o o_o o ~„ o © © o '.O 05 CI in -^ g 00 ?V O~f0" kfT©" T © CO r— * c? l-H tJ C) C^ lO t- 1- orr 'O o ;h ©1 Cl •"* t-_^ " ©_ Tf f-i CO 72 o Cl" cT ^H o o o © © © © © © ■<<< rl © M< ■^. o o o © © o © o © 1- CO -^ HH ■tj- o ro o^ c o^ © © © o o © 00 CO Cl -J' I— 00 '^" ocT fO 1- cT Cl lO fo" M Cl -t< —1 1— 1 Oi Cl o O 1- CI -* 1— l-H C-1 0-5 -^ CO CO' -^ " — o o o © © © © © © 05 •t- -"^l l- 00 o © o © © © © © © in co CO in o t- ©^ ©_^o_ o ©^ © © o o_^ ^ © Cl t- 1-^ ' 00 in irTh-^ t-^ c? >n t~ Cl co" o 00 . 1- -^ © Cl t— ira 05 00 CO 00 CI iz; r™* O — 1 t~ f— • r-^ CO 1 o 1— 1 m co" c" © © © o © © © o © t—i 1- 05 03 Si 1 E-i © © © © © © o © © Cl 00 O © .«r* CO ©^ ®.®, ©_©_ © © o © CO 1- Cl CO ^H 1** P3 00 sT lo^o" ©"co" Cl CO 05 -t Cl t^ O Tjt 00 •* o •-i 00 in I- OJ Cl *"* fO_ rH lO ^ 1- l-H l-H O p.. co~ CO r-T © © © © © © © c o © -H in t M © © © © © © o © © cc © 00 oc X HH CO ©_ © ©__ ©_^o o © o ■' ■* hH Cl 00 1- 00 ■^ ^t-^ Cfr-H © CO CO M c r- CO .-H lO © in Ci-3 CO 00 »o 00 l-H f-H © CO __co __ CO Cl ->* • ■*^ CJ ^ ^ .. -«i ^ - — V* • c l-H o as o o •D -4-' %^ o -JO o t4H •^ _CJ '►'5 3 CJ "5 1 ^ ^ V ' l-H H P4 3 rt 6 >- 1 ) < p. ! of 02 S 1 ) 4 O S jj Xj ^ t: i c ) o a cco ^ . c ■ 1^ 1 1 ] ^ I w ^ o " nJh Ph E- < a tE 5 C f X 1 C f H ? ^^n^ TRADE OF THE DOMINION. 31 Messrs. Robert Coltart, Smith & Co., of Liverpool, in their annual review of the Timber Trade for 1877, say :— COLONIAL WOODS. Yellow Pine Timbeii — The import has exceeded that of 1876 by the 187,000 foet,. altlioiigh the latter was the ii:r^'i'st n-orded since 1871, and this increaHo w,i8 owing to a iiiMi extent to tlio sudden fall in freights, viz., from 32s. 6d. in the Spring to 25s. in the Atitumn, which tomi)ti'd shippers to make con-signments, that proved not only very unprofitahle, hut were injnrions to the trade here, as by glutting the market, they reduced tiio valiu of tlie stocks already brought forward on contract by importers. Thero was a good consumptive demand throughout the year, which was also stimulated by the tail in value, but though it exceeded that of the preceding year, was yet unable to keep up with the increased import, so that the stock now held is much in excess of that held in the last four or five year.s, and contains much small average and second (juality Wood. Prices during the Spring were with difficulty mainbiined, excepting for jirime (|uality and large uverage Wood, but for other kinds a considerable reduction in value had to be made us the season advanced ; tlie latest quotations have been, of Quebec, Ist class, Square Pine, 2s. to 2s. Id. per foot ; of good quality, I7d. to 18d. per foot; and of fair average, 14d. to 16d. per foot. Waney Board has been sold at fiom 2s. to 2s. 2^d. for good quality, and 20^d, to 23d. for 2nd quality, and by auction 198 logs, ex " Navarch,' vere sold at froYn 22d. to 2s. 3jd. per foot, averaging about 2s. Id. i)er loot. Several parcels of St. John have been so'd at about 2s. 3d. per foot, for an aver.ige of 18 to lt> inches, and lowei ports at from 16d. to 18d. per foot. 'I he prospects for selling con- tract for next season are not encouraging, as the building trade is now in a very (luite state. IIED PINE — has been imported to a smaller extent than usual, and there has been' a good consumption, it having exceeded the import by 21,000 feet ; the present Stock is vmly 40,000 feet, against 61,000 feet last year. Prices have remained steady all the season, but were not high enough to pay the cost of import, owing to the very low price of Pitch Pine, which is a strong competitor ; the latest sales have been, of 40 feet average at 15^d per foot, and large average at 2 Id. per foot. QUEBEC OAK — has come forward without the slightest regard to the rcipiire- ments of the country, the import having exceeded that of 1876 by 30 per cent., which was the largest previously recorded. The consumption has therefore been forced, and lower prices are the result, but the demand for Log Timber has no doubt been seriouslv affected by the increasing large import of Flanks, cut to sizes suitable for Railway pur- poses, which has increased the import, and the stock contains r.;» less than 107,000 feet of these sizes. The demand for prime quality has been good, and prices have been well maintained, but for inferior quality and small sizes, of which a great proportion of the import has consisted, prices have been unusually low, as there has been only a very limited inquiry for Railway Wagon Building, and for Colliery purposes. The present stock is very heavy, being nearly double that of 1876, and more than three times as large as that of the preceding year, and it consists chiefly of conmon Wood. Good Western Oak is quoted at from 2s. 6d. to 28. 7d. per foot, and common at from 2 Id. to- 2s. 2d. per foot, according to size. Red Oak has been sold at from 18d to 20d. per foot, but at present it is vevy difficult to place. By auction 1291 Planks, 5 x 12, were sold at 2s. 8d. per foot. ELM. — The import has slightly exceeded that of last year, and as it arrived to a moderately good market, prices have been fairly maintained, the consumption shewing' a slight increase over that cf last year, but the stock now held contains much small Wood. The latest sales have ranged from 20d. to 22d. per foot for la-ge average, and ISd. per foot for small average. ASH — has come forward very freely, but consisting chiefly of large squares, it has found ready sale, prices ranging from 16d. to 19d. per foot, according to size ; and by if- '1- ', '.-kit t ::ii'^-4: 32 GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE miction tliin week 23 Logs large average and primo quality realized 2^. l.Jd. per foot. Tlie present Ktock is huge, being 33,000 loot, against 25,000 foot last year. WALNFT — has been imported to a inore moderate extent, having only been MO. 7_s for Merchantable and X8 10s for Culls, while West India of superior quality, from Boston, Philadelphia, and New York have taken their place ut from £19 to £21 ])er mille ; a sliglit improvement has now taken place. The present S*ock consists of :ifi7 mille of West India and '^37 mille of Pipe, as against 349 mille of West India, andI04 mille of Pipe at the same time last year ; the latest sale was of West India at £18 per mille. Red Oak Double Hogs- head have been sold at £17 lOs to £18 lOs per milK, THE TEA TRADE. The total quantity of Tea imported into the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec in the past five fiscal years, with countries whence imported, was as follows : AVhkxce. Great Britain... United Stfttes . .. China Japan Other Countries- Totals 7,3w;,523 Fiscal Year 1876-7. ^Ka^l Black. lbs. 1,018,418 5,304.073 147,33i3 91» 643 1,053 lbs. I,3fi2.-.61 130,183 174.580 11,800 1,768,924 Fiscal Year 1875-6. Grean and Japan. lbs. 1560,S3^ 3,iM8.53l •"35,709 2,2J0.271 40 8,358.889 Black. Fiscal Year 1874-5. Green and Japan. lbs. 883, ia5 2!6,5U3 276,432 2,800 1,378,020 lbs. 1,2^9,007 3,ias,782 902,131 1,107,G31 17,277 6,515,728 Black. lbs. 732,181 670,16>> 510,05S 1,812,307 34 GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE 1 . Fiscal Year 1873-4. Fiscal Year 1&72-3. Fiscal Year 1871-2. Whbxcic. Oroen and Japan. Black. Green and Japan. Black. Qreen and Japan. Black. Great Britain lbs. 1,980.919 1,320,417 3.noi,:i \o. 13 Dutch Standard, entered I'or consum])tion in tlie Dominion in tho past two ilscal years: — Whoneo. 1876-77. 1875-76. ( Jroiit ni'itaiii lbs. 47,316,877 28,845,766 2,194.85.{ 5,285,682 67,631 n)8. 30,442,09!> 33,340,9 1'.> 3,370,01:. • 5.971 96*> 1 iiitccl Stutc's I'.iitish West Iiulii-s Spimisli Wt'st Indies FreiK'li West Indies Dfinish West Indies 2 2 7,54, > 144,23' 'litish (iiiiana 1,166,438 621,072 157,881 1,211,542 671,447 Siiiidwieli Islands ( ithcr Countries 63,8ltl « Total. 85,656,200 75,44.3,654 t 1.. The total quantity above No. 9 Dutch Standard, entered for consumption in 1877 was 94,015,479 lbs., against 95,2PS,980 lbs. 1S7G; 82,017,733 lbs. in 1875; 85,452,194 lbs. in 1874, and T(;,970,935 lbs. in 1873. It is noticeable that tho quantity of sugar below No. D. S. Altered for consumption in 1877 was only 493,530 lbs., a decrease of 13,653,268 lbs. as compared with the previous year, and there was a decrease of 1,283,501 lbs. in the quantity above No. 9 en- tered for consumx)tion, making a total decrease in 1876-77 of 14,936,769 lbs. in the quantity entered for consumption as com- pared with the previous year. The increase in the importation of relmed sugar from the United States has been very large, the quantity imported in the calendar year 1875 being 17,170,699 lbs. and in 1877, 35,l'70,22i) lbs. This increase was caused by the encouragement which the United States Crovernment offenMl to refiners in that country by granting a drawback on the duty on all sugars exported, and by the refusal of the Canadian Uovernment to in any way protect our own rclining industries. The Redpath Ilefinery was com- pelled to suspend operations early in the spring of 1876 because of the unequal competition with the American refiners, who en- i l^v- .-i.r4-:tr/:. '38 GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE joyed the drawback ; and the Canadian supply oi' white su'rar has been since that tinie derived almost altogeth(»r I'rom the United States. The eftect of the closiiii»- oi' the Kedpath reliner\ , is seen in the decrease of 18,400,000 lbs. in the importation ol sufrar below No. 9, since 1875 and in the almost total destruc- tion of our sugar trade with producing countries. For instance. 1873-74 we imported 29,627,o:J4 lbs. of sugar from the IJritishiuid iSi)anish West Indies, and 10,133,145 lbs. from Brazil, whereas iji 1870-77 we impor!:ed only 11,308,800 lbs. from the British and Spanish West Indies, and not a single pound from Brazil. There was thus a decrease of 28,301,879 lbs. in the importatioi) from these countries. The following Table shows the trade of the Dominion in Molasses. ENTERED FOR CONSUMPTION DURING FOUR FISCAL YEARS. Whence. MolasKOS, otiier than lor Ilefininfi; purpoKus. Great ISi itaiii United States ISritish West IndkB Spanish do France do Dntch do British Guianu Total . Cane .luice, Melado, &c. 187G-77. Value § 2,578 1 02,55 J :ni0,;^:j5 172,2'J9 51)3 49,431 f78,G82 lbs. I Great Britain : . . ' 48,802 United States i .'{jSOSjOGl British West Indies ! Spanish do Total. 3,354,763 187G-7G. Value S 2,96:5 .300,824 374,003 208,113 5,988 398 29,904 935,828 1874-75. 1873-7:i. 278 313.159 302,857 252,319 G,012 372 1,289 lbs. 4,908 2,106,209 1.502 2,112,619 lbs. 1,343,908 2,474,328 147,731 3,965,967 Value $ I Vahu' S 272,342 22(i,04<; 307,43:. 10,Gl(t G57 952,597 850.(jy_' lbs. 3.500 8,934,21! 70,45! • 4,755 9,012,025 TRADE OF THE DOMINION. 30 THE FISIIEUIES. The Dominion Govornnioiit has now sovon public ivstablish- monts devoted to the ollicial reproduction ol' lish, an i'ollows : — At Newcastle, Ontario ; Sandwich, Ontario ; Tadousac, Quebec ; Cruspe IJasin, Quebec ; llestigouche, Quebe3 ; IJedlbrd, Nova- Scotia ; Miramichi, New Brunswick. The salmon caui>-ht by an^'lers in 1877, numbered 2,037, a slij^ht decrease as compared with the catch ol' last year. The continued and extremely hot weather of the past season, and the lowness of the water, interfered with the sport of ang-linii', althoujrh most of the streams contained plenty of lish. The local Fishery Overseers and Wardens report that during the autumn months the spawning- beds were covered with breeding lish, and young- salmon were very abundant. The whole nu.aber of young- lish distributi^d during the spring of 1877, from the hatching of 1870, was 18,489,000 apporrioned as follows :— Salmon, 5,515,000 ; Speckled Trout, 24,000 ; White- lish, 7,950,000. The following number of A'ivified eggs were deposited on the hatching-trough at the above named establishments in the fall of 1877 :— ESTABLISHMENTS. Sea and Salmon. ' Brook Trout. Newcastle, Ontario, Lake Ont., Salmon. 750,000 California, do. 40,000 Sandwich, do (Jaspc liuebec 750,000 Tadousac, Quebec 1,500,000 Uestigouche, Quebec ; 1 ,200,000 Bedford, N. S ' 1,400,000 Miramichi, N. B 710,000 Total ' 6,350,000 50,000 100,000 150,000 Whitefish. 1,000,000 Salmon Trout. i,;^oo,oo() 30,000,000; 31,000,000 1,300,000 Making a grand total of 38,800,000 fish ova now in these 40 OKNKUAIi SUMMARY OF THE cstiiblishnicnts, which will be linlchcd duriiiiif the sprini^of 187^, uiul bo ready I'or distribution duriiii»" the month ol'.Tuno next. The total value of the export of the Fisheries in 1877, was $5,874,300, ao-ainst 8'>,->01,22l in 1H7«) ; $5,880,527 in 1875, jiiid .S5,202,3«)8 in 1874. The countries to which we exported most hiri^ely were the following": — COUNTIIIKH. (in-at Hritain United SUitcH BritiHh Wost IndicH SpnniNh do French do Sotith Ameriia 1874 1875 $ 700,2.')(; S 6r>2,870 I,t;iC,(JG3 1,644,828 l,2O0,yH8 ],40:J,530 687,428 728,2lt9 22.'),.^)06 240,841 2:{8,347 208,921 1876 $ 087,312 l,47r),33() 1,348,637 825,287 239,724 297,609 187' $ R08.:i;t(t 1.317.',»17 l,633.8(i8 9.')8.M,")(» i4:!,H(»i 338.734 Canadian liish may be 8aid to be sent all over the world, but the largest markets for them are : the West Indies, to which, in 1877, we sent 12,757,435 worth; the United States, 81,317,017, and Great Britain, $808,330. The countries next in order of quantity and value are: South America, $338,734; Italy, $213,- 580 ; British Guiana, $1(17,955. In all these, except the last, the amounts exported last year were in excess of the year before. Portugal bought to a))out the same extent as in 187G, viz. ; $53,500, all dry cod, shiped from Quebec ; Sweden, $28,580, her choice being pickled herrings from Nova Scotia ; Hayti, which is a good customer, and, like British Guiana, fond of a varied diet, took cod, mackerel, herrings, salmon and lobster, to the amount, in all, of $59,476 shirs'id from Halifax mostly; Madeira, io the staple dried cod fish, added herrings, both smoked and pickled, and the more tasty canned salmon and lobster ; Australia con- fined herself to canned and pickled salmon, from her nearest neighbor amongst our provinces, Columbia ; France took only $2,000 w^orth of pickled fish, which were sent her by P. E. Island. Of the West India Islands, the British, Spanish and Dutch rank thus respectively in order of amount. We also send cod, salmon and herring to Africa. More than half the fish we export are cod. .^M..- . .-.ri^i. TKADK OK THK DOMINION. 41 In what proportion the diflorent othor vaiiotiea aro thoson by our customers may be seen by the lollovvini!: table of the ship- ments last year and year before : KIND OF FISH. CodflHh , MiMkf'ri'l liUlmtcrH , HorrinK Snlmon Other FiHh FiHhOil fSt'jil Skint*, Ac ValHo Per cent VllllH' Per cent. Exportri. FAjiortn. 1877. 1877. ' i 1870. 187(1. 1 $3,:iOO,()oo 1 ft;-7 ^:t.;) 10,000 1 ' .'■,.V2 «;r>!),()()o 11-2 747,000 ' i3-<; (J6i>,000 11-4 r.7 1,000 10-4 (iot;,oo() lO-.'i r.!)r),ooo 10-8 271,000 4 Mi 222,000 ' 4- 1 3.S.00O « • 124,000 1 11 1 2 1 ,«00 23,000 2-31 0-3 ( 202,000 4- $.-),874,000 100- l.^so 1,000 ; 100- 1 TI Thefc section c from wh can be d Fall Wheat Spring Wl Oats Peas Barley .... Corn Fall Wheat Spring Wh( Oats Peas Barley .... Fall Wheat Spring Whe Oats Peas , Barley . . . . , RETROSPECT or THE TRADE IN BREADSTUFFS. The Harvest of 1877. — Canada. The following is an analysis of reports received from every section of country, at the close of the past three harvest seasons, from which a correct appreciation of the character of the crops can be drawn : — Character of the Cro'p Beports of 1877. Below Above Average. Average. Average. Total. Fall Wheat 26 49 75 Spring Wheat (39 8 90 167 Oats .-iS 9 82 149 I'eas 46 14 45 105 Barlev : 63 4 66 123 Corn 25 6 17 47 Character of the Crop Reports of 187G. Below Above Average. Average. Average. Total Fall Wheat 9 62 71 Spring Wheat 48 61 6 105 Oats 74 21 29" 124 Peas 47 19 12 78 Barley 63 38 12 103 Character of the Crop Reports of 1875. Below Above Average. Average. Average. Total. Fall Wheat 32 16 21 6» Spring Wheat 55 10 42 lOT Oats 54 1 67 112 Peas 38 8 34 80 Barley : 54 1 43 97 iy «« ■■«" 44 THE BREADSTUFFS TRADE. An examination of the above tables illustrates more forcibly than words would do, the bounteousness of the harvest reaped. As compared with 1876, the yield of all kinds of grain was wonderfully large, and coarse grains yielded quite as well as in 1875 and better than in 1874. The yield of wheat v/as probably greater than in any previous year of which wq have a record. The estimate made by the Commissioner of Agriculture of the yield of wheat in Ontario in 1873, 1874 and 1875, shows the average of fall wheat to have been 20 bushels per acre, and oT spring wheat 17 bushels per a(;re ; the returns for the year under review place the yield of fall wheat at fully 25 bushels per acre, and of spring wheat at 20 bushels. So that not only has the yield of wheat in 1877 been far in excess of 1876, bat it exceeds the yield in the three previous years, in which what was con- sidered a satisfactory harvest was reaped. The f; 1^ wheat cro]) was fully twice as large as in 1876, when 62 ^.u .^i 75 returns estimated it as below an average, while in 1877, 49 out of 75 returns stated it to be over an average, and not one reported the yield under an average. The spring wheat crop was estimated, from the returns, as 50 per cent, larger than in 1876. It is also to be noted that the quality of the grain was good, fall wheat having been reaped in excellent condition, while spring wheat escaped the ravages of midge and was little injured by rust, although rain in August deteriorated the quality in some parts of Western Ontario. In the Province of Quebec very little fall wheat is grown ; from the district between Montreal and Vvranto there were 7 reports of an over-average yield of fall whe • , • i=d 7 of an average yield. In the western portion of Ontario, ' uni Toronto to Sarnia, and between Groderich and London, the yield was reported as an over-average from 22 points and as a full average from 14 points. Between Buffalo and Goderich, an important section of country, the accounts were uniformh' favor- able, 17 out of 20 reporting an over-average yield. Spring wheat was an abundant crop throughout the Eastern Townships and in the Quebec district. From Montreal to Toronto the reports were about equally divided between an average and over- THE BKEAD8TUFFS TRADE. 45 average crop, and from Toronto to Sarnia, taking* in Goderich and London, 19 reported an over-average, 20 an average, and 5 under-average, wet weather in August causing the latter. The majority of the x .-ports from the districts between Buffalo and Goderich reported an over-averrage yield of Spring Wheat. Turning now to the reports received of the yield of coarse grains, the oat crop w^as in excess of that in 1876, and about equal to that in 1875. The section of country in which the crop was most successful W'as that between Montreal and Toronto, the Ea-stern Townships and the Quebec district. Straw was deficient in many parts of the country. Peas did not turn out so well as was at one time expected, and the yield was little better than in 1876 and hardly so large as in 1875. The partial failure of the crop w^as cause by the heavy rains in August, and it was expected that a considerable portion of the crop would go into consump- tion, taking the place of Indian corn, which has heretofore been largely impoiicd. The best crop of peas was in the district between Montreal and Toronto, and the poorest west of Toronto to Sarnia. Barley w^as a better crop than in any year since 1872, wdth the exception of that in 1875. In all sections the yield was large, and the reports comparatively free from complaints of damage by wet w^eather. It is to be said of this crop, however, that the average sown is less than previous years, a considerable portion of the land formerly devoted to barley being sown with wheat, so that while the yield per acre is heavier, the aggregate yield will tall short of the past three years. The corn crop of Canada is not a very important itom in the grain trade ; it is chiefly grown in the Province of Quebec, and was an eminently favorable crop in 1877. The character of the other crops was about as follows : — In the Province of Quebec — Hay almost an average the country over, and generally secured in good condi- tion ; Potatoes, an immensely large area planted and yield lar<^e ; heavy rains, however, caused rot, and in the Eastern Townships especially, the quality was not very good , root crops give an abundant yield ; apples, fair crop. In the District between Montreal and Toronto, hay was a light ,»• .. '■>' « •'. ■• 46 THE BREADSTUFFS TRADE. crop, owing to the dry weather prevalent in the early part of the summer, but was gathered in good condition ; potatoes gave a large yield, and apparently escaped the ravages of the bug ; root crops of all kinds, a full average ; apples below an average. In Western Ontario, the most important agricultural section of the country, the reports unanimoudy agreed in representing th'.' apple crop a total failure, from destruction by worms in the early part of the summer, and there was no surplus, for export. Hay was more successful hert^ ihan in any other district, the yield being an aAerage. Potatoes were a full average and in fine condition. Other root crops gave an abundant yield. Small fruit was generally very plentiful. The above outline will enable an appreciation of the harvest of 1877 to be formed. On the whole, the season was an eminently favorable one, and the country blessed with a most bounti^on.v harvest. The annual report of the Montreal Corn Exchange, refers to the necessity for a correct compilation of the statistics relating to the harvest and grain trade of Canada, as follows : — " It is matter of constant legret that there is no adequate government machinery in operation in Canada, such as exists in G-reat Britain or in the United States, for makin aware that, without respect to colour, the quality is all thiit they desire." GREAT BRITAIN. From the oflioial agricultural returns of the United King- dom for 1877, it appears that the total quantity of land under all kinds of crops, bare fallow, and grass was for the United Kingdom 31,837,000 acres, and for Ireland 15,42'^, 000 acres, or a total of 47,263,000 acres, an increase of 160,000 acres over 1876. The conversion of arable land into pasture is noted as rapidly pro- gressing, owing to the scarcity of labor and the high price of meat. A few of the collectors noted that this conversion received a check during the year owing to the large imports of American meat. An increase of 6 per cent, in the acreage of wheat and a decrease of 4 per cent, in the acreage of barley is noted for Crreat Britain. Oats, same as in 1876. The oat crop in Ireland occu- pies, 1,472,000 acres, or nearly 79 per cent, of the total cereal crop of the country. The potato crop shov .3 a slight increase in Grent Britain and a decrease in Ireland, Turnips in Great Britain are 71,000 acres less than for any of tho last ten years. A further decrease in the acreage under flax is noted, the crop in Ireland l>eing only one-half the acr'^age of that of 1867. Hops have in- creased in Great Britain, the present acreage being 71,000 ; a^id an increase of 6,000 acres in orchards is noted. The following is the number of acres under the several crops in the United King- dom : Wheat, 3,321,065 ; barley, 2,652,300 ; oats, 4,238,957 ; pota- toes, 1,392,784; turnips, 2,419,296; clover, 4,961,691. Number of live stock in the United Kingdom: Cattle, 9,995,028; sheep, 32,262,579 ; pigs, 3,734,421 ; horses, 1,894,128. A decrease of 2| per cent, in cattle in Great Britain, and of 3 per cent, in Ireland is noted, and an increase in pigs of 8 per cent, for the United Kingdom. .y- * 48 HE BREADSTUFFS TRADE. The Agricultural Department at Washingtoii presentw the following" information of the wheat supply and requirements of the United Kingdom : — " The English wheat crop of 1877 has greatly disa|)pointed ihe expectations of the farmers. Travellers were ..truck with the rapid ripening of the grain, })ut this was soon found to be an un- healthy indication. Experienced observers early detected an un- usual color in the straw, a rusty appearance of the blade and a searing of the ear, all of which showed the presence of unfavor- able conditions of growth. On a close examination the ears were found to be very imperfect, the top set and the middh^ of the lower sets being barren. This state of things was especially ob- servable in man> of the l^est wheat-growing districts of England. Some of the more hardy varieties, and especially those of later ripening in the North of England and in Scotland, yielded fairly. bii+ the w^hite wheats generally fell short even of the moderat*' estimates of the growers, who never indorsed the rose-colored predictions of certain sensational agricultural writers. " This deficiency in the wheat crop is attributed to ' blight ' — a word w^hich in common parlance vaguely refers to injuries from either insect or funjrold agencies. The external conditions of the growing season w^ere well calculated to disturb the normal development of the plant. The winter w'as one of the w^ettest on record ; the spring was also wet, cold and late ; this w^as followed by a period of drought. These characters of the seasons w^ill account for fungoid growth. The wheat crop was unusuallv short from defective earing. The latest report shows a fallii g off still greater than was anticipated, reducing the yi3ldveL'y considerably below the average. It is thought to be even a wors«^ harvest than that of 1876. Agricultural authorities who prognos- ticated a crop equal to the demand of seven months' consump- tion, have lowered their expectations to six months, or perhaps more nearly, five and a half. For every bushel raised in England during the current year, at least another bushel must be imported from abroad to complete the required supply. The official statis- tics of (rreat Britain show an increasing demand for foreign wheat The amount now^ required is about double the deficiency of 20 years ago. The average requirements of 1858 to 1860 were about 25,000,000 hundred weight; now above 50,000,000. There was one year (1862) in which 50,000,000 hundred weight were imported, but nothing like this amount again until 1869 in con- sequence of the disastrous failure of the home crop of 1868. THE BREADSTUFFS TRADE. 49 " Th*? exact official aggregate of the importations of 15 years from 1868 to 1872, inclusive, was 528,141,861 hundred weight. This included wheat and flour. It makes a yearly average of 35,209,487 hundred weight, or 65,724,319 bushels of 60 pounds each. The last year of this period, 1872, 88,000,000 bushels were required. One hundred millions are not now deemed an exces- sive importation. " In examing the sources of this supply it is found that both France and Clermany lead Russia during the first years of this period, but iheir contributions have now dwindled lo a small figure. It is assumed by many that Russia has exceeded this <^ountry in contributing to supply this deficiency. It is a mistake. The United States sent 27 per cent, during 15 years up to 1872 ; Russia, 24 pei cent. ; Germany, 17 ; France, 9, and British Ame- rica, 5. In the past four years the proportion of this country has advanced to 45 per cent., that of Russia has declined to 16, and all other countries have furnished but 39 instead of 49 per cent. In England, the fluctuations in wheat have upon the whole, not been of so lasting a nature as might have been reasonably expected. At intervals, however, sharp reactions have taken place. Towards the close of 1876 stocks had ])ecome greatly reduced, and upon the reopening of the year stood only at 1,360,000 qrs , being nearly 1,000,000 qrs. less than same time last year. There was a fair demand during January and March, with some little irregularity. Towards April the political situa- tion in the East became more threatening, and the market to assume symptoms of a sudden change. A good deal of specula- tion followed, and prices rose 5s. to 7s., but upon the outbreak of hostilities further advanced between 5s. to 10s. per qr. Prime English now ranged at 72s., and red up to 68s. Early in May a further rise was established, but was lost towards the end of June, partly in consequence of favourable reports regarding the wheat crops both in England and abroad. Stocks, however, had become greatly reduced, and the quantity afloat was light, while supplies from Southern Russia were cut off by the blockade of ports. With August came estimates of a surplus of 12,000,000 qrs. of wheat for export from the American crops. This led to very large offers of cargoes for forward shipments. The supplies of the new crop English wheat were brought forward at this time, the quality of which varied greatly, and rates obtained were about 58s. to 68s. for red, and up to 65s. for white. Prolonged bad weather for harvesting during certain intervals of September resulted in a recovery of from 4s. to 5s. per qr,, but the improve- '■'}. ■X 50 THE UREADSTUFFS TRADE. ment was not maintaiuod. Woather improved. Shipments I'roni America mvoaw heavy towanls Octolu'r, and became more acc^'ler- ated towards Novemlx'r and December, cho la.st month, alter some little irrc«?ularity, closimj; dull. Th(^ imports during the year have exceeded those of 187G and 1875. !! THE BRITISH GRAIN MOVKMENT. The |[iross importation m 1877 oi' all descriptions of ji'rain and Hour into the United Kingdom is the larj^est on record, total foot- ing ui> 123,07i),781 cwts. This shows an increase of 0,498.907 cwts over the laruv total of 1870, and stands 17,100,604 in excess of 1875. As compared with the next preceding year, the gain was greates!: in wheat, while maize makes the most prominent showing as compared with 1875. Following is a comparative statement of the total imjiortions for the past four years : 1S74. i875. 187G. 1877. Wheat CwtK. 41,479.400 .'il.^aGjIJO:? 44,:$'J4,1.'52 .'■)4,1U2,88H Maize '• 1 7,()8:i.212 20,42(),'_'it2 :;it,!»58,22(; :{0,465,(>8l Hurley " ll,37!t,74r. 1 IjOS.'i.Dir. !),770,07r. 1!),1)70,7.'>1 Oats « 11,390,010 12,445,48:? 11,204,.')88 12,925,604 PeJiS " 1,808,980 l,00:j,0:{:i 1,009,997 1,511,840 Beans " 2,3G:{,151 :i,453,:57l 4,001,200 4,573,482 Flour " 0,229,008 0,048,689 5,942,540 7,309,529 , : Total « 92,340,157 100,813,177 117,480,784 123,979,781 These figures show at a glance the extent to which wheat and maize, changed positions each year, one increasing in about the same proportion as the other declined. With the exception of barley, the differences in amout of importation were insignifi- cant. There is no reliable data as to the amount of other grain than wheat received from the various producing countries last year, but from the figures at hand the quantity of maize received from the United States was fully as large as in 1876, when the total was a little over 27,000,000 cwts, or a fraction more than one-third of the entire importation of the cereal. The imports of flour from the United States last year show a decrease, while the receipts from other countries show an increase over 1870 and THE BREADSTUFKS TRADK. 61 J 1875. Oi' tht» total last yoar, but l,771,r)58 cwts was from America, as ajrainst 2,320,88^) in 1876, and 2,278,846 in 1875. In regard to the wheat importation, we present detailed statistics of the imports from all the ])rominent wheat exportin*^ countries. The returns are made up in semi-olficial ([uarters, and for the the past three years make the following showing : From— 187"). IHTti, 1877. ItiiRHia CwtH. <»,!t!tr),2!ir. 8,7()9,2fiO 10,8:<8,000 Deniiiiirk " 4X\,r>UU '2(i2,r)lH I'Afil'l iivrmmy <* 5,615,048 2, .'{24,148 r),455,7(;:{ Frunce " 1 ,20tJ,02O 2i»:{,3r)0 1 ,4!)4,78:{ Twikey,WallacliiH& Moldiivia. " 1,:{08,1:{7 l,2:iH,H51 1,2,">(),010 Kgypt " 2,()!i:{,8r):{ 2.218,227 2,447,7()!» ,j u f Atlantic portH <' 14,885,177 12,7:<2,445 12,4:57, .'504 ■' •( I'licilic « '• 8,57K,73:i e..')(!7,;{40 8,87l,07:i Cliili " 900,880 !)81,til!> 7:U>,01 1 ItritiKli India " 1,334,94:: .3,279,887 6,104,94<» An.stialia « 1,140,930 2,605,705 425,697 Britiwh North America " 3,604,610 2,417,151 2,912,178 Otiior Countries " 531,332 702,591 1,112,310 Total " 51,786,393 44,394,152 54,162,888 From this it would appear that last year's importation was nearly 10,000,000 cwts greater than that of 1876, and that British India and Clermany figure most conspicuously in the increase. ( rermany's increase, however, does not quite make good the fall- ing off in 1876 as compared with 1875, but t. •> increase credited to British India is a very important one, as showing the rapid strides the trade has taken within a very few years. As between Russia and the United States, there is but little change. The former country shipped 2,068,740 and 941, ^< 05 cwts more to En- gland than in 1876 and 1875, respectively, while the imports from the United States were 2,008,882 cwts greater than in 1876 and 2,155,243 less than in 1875. The gain was wholly in the receipts from Pacific ports, the Atlantic ports shipments showing a decrease as comparei with each year. Of the total importation, the United States furnished nearly 39J per cent., as against 43^ per cent, in 1876 and 45 per cent, in 1875. Ikitish India and Russia, together with some less important cou:ilries, have sup- plied the amounts sufficient to increase the gros.s importation into the United Kingdom, and at the same time mat 'vially lessen the percentage from the United States. • . 'it r jc; 52 THE BRKADSTUFFS TRADE. UNITED STATES. The estimated yield ol" wheat and maize in the United States durinjuc the })ast eight years was as I'oUows : — Veare- Wheat. In-t'dnCorr. 1H70 BiiHli. .>35,H84,70() 1,0<)4.255,00(» IH7I " 2:{(),7'22,4t)() ;)!>1,898,()()() IH72 " 241>,'J'J7,1()() l,()<>2,71'.t,()()0 187:{ " 281,2r)4,700 932,274,000 ]rt74 " :t()8, 102,700 850,148,500 1875 •' 292,130,000 1,300,000,000 187fi '• 256,000,000 1,295,000,000 J 877 " 300,000,000 1,300,000,000 An Ajyricnltural Department report, reviewing the American harvest, makes the following deductions : The condition of wheat, when harvested, which is reported in September, makes a better showing than before the commencement of thrashing. The real value of the harvest is better understood than in the early pari of August. The general average of the country was then 92 Since then the spring wheat has been harvested, while the work of garnering the winter wheat has nearly closed, and the result is 100, higher figures than in any year since the crop of 1869, th(> •condition of which was reported at 102. So conservative were the views of local statisticians, that we well remember the incre- dulity with which a crop of 260,000,000 bushels w^as estimated from department data in 1869, that of the previous census being only 173,000,000 bushels, and a yield of 13-5 bushels per acre, which w^as IS bushels over an average crop. But a 3'^ear or two later the croj^ was reported by the census even higher, by 27,000,000 bushels than this careful estimate. At a yield of 13 bushels for the whole field, the present crop would be not lesfs than 360,000,000 bushels. The States failing to reach the standard of unimpaired con- dition are Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Alabama, Louisiana, Ten- nessee, Illinois (99), Missouri, Kansas and California. The average for California is 58 ; but it may not be the true average, as many of the wheat growing counties failed to report. San Joaquin gives 25 for a portion of the great dry central valley ; THE BIIEADSTUFF8 TRADE. 43 8anta Clara givos 80 and Contra Costa \)f), both reprt'sciiting^ more favored portions of the wheat area of tlie i'luiiic coast. The following statement shows the quantities ol Harlev e.\- ported from Ontario to the United States during: the past three years : — From— 1877. 1S76. 1876. OhkiiKO BuhIi. 112,829 I41,<)(J7 272,6147 7Hi),l.'iK Detroit " 68,420 407,0 1(» 350,020 Toledo " 32,172 91,722 l.')8,002 Cleveland " 150,740 l(5(j,Oit5 42(),870 Erie " 108,(i78 23i),!)2(! 4!»2,45!» Buflalo " 911,152 1,402,332 I,021,.384 SuRpension Hiidge " 603,512 845,812 (i4(!,91!« Carlottc " 20,950 7(>,991 141,4«;o Oswego " 3,912,153 3,122,016 3,725,579 Crtpe Vincent " 19,038 59,144 Ogdensburg " 62,G7l 35,323 1 03,017 Totals " 6,825,082 7,521,382 8,236,282 In order t) show the proportion which went to Oswego, we append the following : — 1877. 1876. 1875. 1874. 1873. Imports ttt Oswego Do. at other ports Bushels, .3,912,153 2,912,929 Bushels. 3,122,016 4,399,266 liushels. 3,025,579 5,210,703 Bushels. 2,770,678 2,126,749 4,897,427 Bushels. 2,269,569 1,317,806 Totals 6,825,082 7,521,382 8,236,282 3,58 7,375 A distinguishing feature of the Barley trade last year was the export to Great Britain. From Montreal, the shipments of Barley amounted to 1,001,473 bushels, against 201,706 in 187G ; 176,950 bushels in 1875 ; 145,276 bushels in 1874. In no previous year were the exports so large as in 1S77, the next largest export being 1,010,392 bushels in 1865. In addition to the export from Montreal last year a considerable quantity of Canadian barley has been exported to England via New York. It is important to notice that the bulk of the export, if not Hi 54 THE BIIEADHTUFKS TRADE. the whole, is of the grade known as No. 2. American customors for our barley lay great stress upon its color, and insist upon having No. 1. The British market, on the other hand, is only concerned that it shall be oi' a certain weight per bushel ibr malting purposes, and regards the color as a minor matter. Tho i^ffect of this new and cajmcious outlet is to bring up the price of No. 2 barley to much nearer the figure of No. 1. LAKE ONTAIIIO GRAIN MOVEMENT. The grain trade of Lake Ontario last year shows a fair in- crease in volume as compared with 1876 and 1876. The i>ortis of Oswego and Ogdensburg report gains, while Montreal did not do quite so well as in 1876, though the business was larger thjui in 1875. The following iigures show the receipts at each of the principal ports in the years named, including flour us wheat : — Oswego Charlotte .... Cape Vincent Ogdensburg . Montreal Totals 1877. 9,153,572 34,877 225,942 3,428,371 18,359,034 "G. 31,324,811 7,680,648 95,042 201,879 975,405 18,81 3,7 1? 27,856,724 1875. 8,424,529 lT(i,04:'. 285,70:t 2,561,fi9« 17,134,177 28,582,1 .50 From this it will be seen that the total movement is nearly four million bushels larger than in 1876, Ogdensburg showing the best record so far as increase is concerned, with Oswego fol- lowing. As compared with the heavy increase at this port and by the Erie Canal, the gams of the Lake Ontario route appear very trivial. But it should be remembered that no benefits have yet been derived by the Canadians from the large expenditures of money on our canals. When the enlarged Welland Canal en- ters the field as a competitor. Lake Ontario will doubtless secure a larger proportion of the grain movement. 1877.... 1876... 1875.. 1874.. 1873.. 1872.. 1871., 1870.. 1877. . 1876.. 1875., 1874.. 1873. 1872. 1871. 1870. THE BREADSTUFFS TRADE. 6r) The receipts and Hhipmeiits of Wheat at Chicaj^o during pant eight years were : — HoceipU. BuHhels. 1 4,350,(558 16,574,058 24,206,370 30,177,0.36 25,167.516 12,724,141 14,439,6.56 . 17,394,409 Shipmeuta. I n Store lit clOM. 1877 BllHbclH. 16,096,123 14..36 1,9.50 23,184,:J49 27,353,635 23,076,644 12,1(50,046 12.905,449 16,432,685 Btiaheli, 1,406,686 3,370,181* 2,280,254 2,105,779 1,645,000 1.200 000 1876 1875 1874 1873 1872 1871 1 .290 639 1870 2,336,156 Tho receipts and shipments of Wheat at !Mihviiukee during past eight yeais were : — Recfipts. ShipmcntH. BusIicIh. 18,150,743 16,804,404 22,.580,.320 22,352,171 25,022,576 11,468,276 13,409,467 16,127,838 In Store at Clu80. 1877 BushelM. 19,209,677 18,173,364 27,638,707 25,607.444 28,430,033 13,275,726 15,686,611 18,883,837 HuwhclH. 714,235 187(5 1,723,175 3,2.34,000 1 ,400,000 1875 1874 1873 1 ,308,000 750,000 1,226,058 l,788,3'i9 1872 1871 1870 The visible supply of grain, comprising the stocks in granary at the principal points of accumulation at Lake and Seaboard ports, and in transit on the lakes, the New York Canals and by rail, Dec. 29, 1877 :— 56 THE BREADSTUFFS TRADE. In Store at New York Albany Buffalo Chicago . . . , Milwaukee '...., Duluth , Toledo Detroit Oswego St. Louis Boston Toronto Montreal Philadelphia Peoria Indianapolis Kansas City Baltimore Rail Ship's Wk Afloat in New York Harbour Totals Total, December 30th, 1876. Total, December 31 8t, 1875. Wheat. Bushels. Corn. Oats. Bushels. Barley. Ryfi. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. 2573758 1109555 1778532 881143 2797415 3000 16800 82700 431700 49300 844137 381771 77544 284712 36 1 34 1406686 523290 161927 628544 90251 724000 13000 23500 359400 91301) 25177 516590 212800 157900 14700 620O 208832 12426 44911 15460 liO'J 800000 265000 40000 r)00600 18000 383268 321793 28987 76310 17081 5f«)96 174291 147761 30461 45»jj 220824 1790 8050 198395 T220 437093 122334 9368 44723 1 394 149000 14449 1100000 1487i 13862 7220 42804 23567 121929 17155 7674 216717 159G72 4008 395 1075;i 500463 685054 1059925 273648 69226 125867 5544 400000 125000 700000 930000 10191121 6009796 3351452 4548000 6783(;T 12457193 8488637 3561425 5417912 891785 1 7378337 3595083 3471659 2569260 462021 Total receipts of flour and g-raiu at New York, Boston, Portland, Montreal, Baltimore, Philadelphia and New Orleans, during the past four years : — Flour bbls. Wheat bush . Corn " Oats " Barley " Rye " Totals " Flour to '' Grand Totals " 1877 8,546,349 46,000,508 87;804,025 20,638,892 9,698,072 2,586,672 166,728,169 42,731,745 209,459,914 1876 9,939,150 42,740,235 86,775,163 24,485,606 '■(,862049 1,881,288 163,694,941 49,695,750 213,390,691 18'; 9,985,256 54,718,327 56,285.243 20,375,115 5,083,026 501,435 136,963,146 49,926,280 186,889,426 1874 10,968,623 61,6o5,453 52,78 l,2r,9 20,335,217 3,680,595 930,668 139,399,192 54,843,115 194,242,307 THE CANx\DIAN CANAL SYSTEM!. TiIE (iREAT WATER-WAV (>K THE FITIHE. The i'ollo^Yillg statement prepared Ly Hon. Williaiu Thurstone, Secretary of llie Buffalo Board of Trade and a member of the Canal Commission appointed by the Legislature of the State of New York, respecting- the Canadian canals, their (Enlargement and prospective relations to the New York canals and the trade of that State and of the city of New York, has been recently submitted for the consideration of the New York Canal Board and Legislature. Ft furnishes important testimony of the superiority of the Canadian route over any other on the continent, from a source which cannot be considered prejudiced in favor of our water-way. The statement is o.s follows : — "With the completion of the "Welland (*anal, enlarged so that vessels of about 1,800 tons cargo capacity can pass through it, instead of 000 tons cargo capacity, as at present, with the same low tolls as are now imposed, and a very small increas(» in the cost incident to the traliic, relatiA'ely to the greater quantity of freight carried, it is reasonable to conclude that the rates of freight from Chicago to Kingston on wheat will be lessened at least one- half— that is from about seven and a cpiarter cents to three and five-eighths cents per bushels — tolls included. Vessels will then have the choice of sailing through Lake Ontario to Kingston, with their cargoes, if they can make more money thaii by dis- charging at Buffalo, or some American port on Lake Ontario (Oswego for instance). Hitherto, the larger class of vessels have been compelled to bring their cargoes to Buflalo. The inability of vessels of the largest size to enter Lake Ontario by the present Wellcind Canal has certainly saved the commerce of the canals to the State up to the present time, while burthened with heavy canal tolls. The merchants and i)eople of the Northwest confidently 6 ' ty ■•■■ ' ty ■•■■ ■'t.li .h^ ■y0 '■^i ■v:r "' , -' •*> 58 THE CANADIAN CANAL SYSTEM. expect that a largo direct trade will be carried on, to "and irom Western ports, with Europe and other countries when the whole lenrobably be lower as there would be more competition and the expense of the round trip would be very greatly diminished. Of coiirse western merchants and pro- ducers would do all they could to accomplish this result, there iDcing proverbially " no friendship in trade." When the enlarged Welland canal is completed, it is expected that a large portion of the supplies of grain for the New England trade will avoid the canals and be taken through the port of Ogdensburgh, in consequence of the diminished cost of freight by that route. It may be assumed as a fact that in future English capital will find its w«y, in an increased volume, to the West, and l)e there used to purchase grain, pork, lard and other articles, for English and Continental consumption, as well as for the West Indies and South America. The direct importation of goods of all kinds from these places to Canada and the West w^ould 1)0 another factor in the enterprise. The low rate of interest for money, in Ii]ngland, in comparison with that prevailing in the United States, becomes an element of great importance when brought to bear upon the question of competition between the routes, through Canada on the one hand and the United Statt\s on the other. The opinion of a large proportion of the most thoughtful commercial men, in the State of New York, is that the best energies and foresight of the people of this State are needed to meet our northern competitor, especially in view of THE CANADIAN CANAL SYSTEM. 59 the fact that in a few years vessels of large tonnage will be al)le to make direct navigation from the upper lakes to the ocean. The size of the locks, when fully completed on the Welland and St. Lawrence canals, will be 45 feet in wid^h and 270 feet in length, with 14 feet of water on the sills, and the width of the canals 100 feet at the bottom. The retention of the bulk of the trade of the northwestern States by the city and State of New York depends on the cost of transportation upon the canals of our State, and the tolls must })e kept at the lowest point to meet the competition of tht^ Welland canal, Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence river route. The increased capacity of vessels passing through the Canadian canals will correspondingly decrease the cost of moving grain. The tolls on the Welland canal, including the right to pass the other canals free, are ten cents per 1,000 pounds, or six mills on wheat, five mills six fractions on corn, per bushels of 60 and o6 pounds respectively. The average time consumed in passing through the present Welland canal is forty-eight hours by sail and twenty-four hours ])y i^ropeller or steamer. The estimated expense for enlarging the Welland and St. Lawrence canals and deepening the bed of the St. Lawrence river so as to permit vessels of fourteen feet draft to navigate their waters is $30,200,000 — of this amount there is work under con- tract for $12,860,000. These facts show how strenuous are the exertions made by the Canadian Government to wrest from us the prize of the Western trade, and it is of the utmost importance to the people of New York that they should know that decisive measures are absolutely necessary and should l^e taken to main- tain the commercial i)rosperity of the Empire State by fostering in every way her canal interests. It is impossible for the largest craft now navigating the lakes to pass through the Welland Canal, but if the trip can be made at a profit by vessels of a smallar size, that route will be taken. The slow movement through that water-way for a few miles will be counterbalanced by other considerations, including the in- ducements to be ibund in the saving on the trip, as a whole, to tide-water and by return freights to the West. These facts are important. If owners of vessels find that they can obtain freights to Oswego and Ogdensburg at remunerative figures, and these rates pay them ]>etter than Ikitialo rates, they will seek these ports, and thus a large proportion of the tolls and trade will be lost to the State of New York and pass through a part of Canada and over Lake Ontario. i"-f r 'im I 'ii'f'^> lit%'(4| .'.3M|?! 60 THE CANADIAN CANAL SYSTEM. When the Wclhuid and othor canals are enlarged, oeean vessels may be seen on our lakes, and our shipbuilders will construct vessels adapted lor ])oth lake and ocean navigation, as the present craft go out of existence by age or disaster. If there is profit in the investment, English capital will be readily found to take adv^antage of the situation. "Whether the ^5tate of New York, and the cities of New York, Buffalo, Albany, etc., can retain the commerce of the canals of the State, even with a frec^ canal, is the question of the hour. There is reason lor doubt and alarm, but it is our duty to postpone the evil day as long as possible, or adopt some i)lan to w^ard it off' altogether. If tolls on the canals are still further reduced or abolished, the water deepened, locks lenthened and widened, and steam appli<'d as a motivi^ power either by tin* Belgian cable system, or by i)ropeller boats with "consorts" so as to reduce cost of movement, much Avill be done to aid the State in main- taining her commercial supremacy. The lakes and canals are the cheapest and most useful means of transportation. If the merchants of Chicago, Milwaukee and other Western cities lind it their interest to send grain to Europe via Montreal, purchasing abroad articles for eonsumption as return freight, they will do so if transportation rates are cheaper than by the New York route. When her enlarged canals are completed, Canada will, for nearly eight months of the year, possess the most perfect system of inland navigation in the world. The w^ork on the Welland Canal progrt^sses steadily, and the canal will soon be ready for navigation. It will be the finest work of internal improvement on the American continent. The distance from Chicago to Montreal via the Welland and St. Lawrence canals is 1,261 miles ; the distance from Chicago to New York via Buffalo and the Erie Canal is 1,419 miles — or 150 miles in favor of the former route. The route first named has 70 miles of artificial navigation, with 56 locks and a total lockage of 564| feet; the second 350 miles, 72 locks and 654 feet lockage. Thus there are 16 more locks and 89|^ more feet of lockage en the New York than the Montreal route, wdth the advantage of a stroniyer current also in favor of Montreal. Time is an important point to be considered in comparing the routes. A cargo of grain is brought to Buffalo from Chicago by propeller in about five days ; allow one day for elevating and transferring to canal boats at Buffalo ; then eleven days trip (by mule power) on Erie Canal to tide-w^ater and two days for towing THE CANADIAN CANAL SViJTEM. 61 from thence on the Hudson River to New York — aUoqether nineteen days. From Chicago to Port Coll)orne, Ihe iisnal length of a trip hy a propeller is live days ; thence by Welhmd Canal to Port Dalhousie, Lake Ontario, one day ; thence to Kingston one and a quarter days ; one day may be consumed there in transfer- ring cargo ; thenc(5 Irom Kingston to Montreal by barges the time is three days ; thus showing a gain of seven and tlin^e-quarter days in favor of the Montreal route. (The time on the Erie Canal is shortened about three days when steam is used.) The average rate of freight per l)ushel of wheat from Chica- go to Kings^^on during the season cf 1877 was st'ven and a quarter cents by sail or steam, and from Kingston in barges carrying from (10,000 to 20,000 bushels) to Montreal luiiformly three and a quarter cents ; altogether about ten and a half <'ents, including half a cent as toll on canals and half a cent for transhipment at Kingston. The barge generally is taken alongside the ocean ship and three quarters of a cent pay all remaining expenses. Ocean freights vary according to supply and demand for vessels ; and the rates do not, to any noteworthy extent, differ from those prevailing in New York. The storage capacitv of Montreal is 2,000,000 bushels of grain and 200,000 barrels of flour. About ninety per cent, of the grain shipped is purchased on English orders for cash, at western ports, and ten per cent, on owner's account consigned to (Ireat Britain and Ireland. One of the reasons why the "VVelland CVmal has not been a more active competitor for the grain traffic of the AV est, for several years past, is the fact that its cargo capacity is limited to 600 ton vessels ; hence the owners of craft of small tonnage, that used to carry grain to Oswego, do not find it profitable to engage in the trade in competition with the large propellers, barges and sail vessels that enter the port of Buffalo. The cost of moving property by the Welland canal route in the future will certainly not exceed the minimum cost that can bo charged by the Erie canal route in its present condition, ter- minal charges, ocean freights, etc., being equal. Thus keen competition is certain when the Canadian canals are completeted. Canada and England will then strive for the internal carrying trade by the lakes from the Western States, and the persistency, energy and financial ability of England are so well known as to leave scarcely a doubt of the ultimate success of the movement unless it is promptly met by corresponding eftbrts on our part. In the New York Produce Exchange report, for 1874-75, it im?7 ^ Mm !■:* 62 THE CANADIAN CANAL SYSTEM. is stated that " practical experience has demonstrated that larnc vessels or ships can carry property moro cheaply than small ones, the rates of cheapness being in about the proportion of the increased tonnage measurement. An increase of 150 per cent, in the capacity of vess(^ls navigating the lakes and the Canadian canals, cannot but largely augment the ability of the St. Law- rence route to carry property at very largely diminished rates of transportation. The transportation rates on the Erie Canal can only be further reduced to the extent of about scA^enty cents pon- ton by the abrogation of tolls except by enlargement. With the non-enlarged Erie Canal and the enlarged Canadian canals, the power of competition will be unequal." The same writer inti- mates it is question to be solved in the future, even with the introduction of steam propulsion of boats or the Belgian cable system, together with the abolition of tolls, whether the Erie Canal can compete with the AVelland and St. Lawrence canals without an enlargement of considerable capacity. It is certpiii that hereafter no more lake vessels will be bailt — only the larger classes of vessels can make a profit. In a few years the former w^ill be swept away by wreck or old age. The " consort " and " barge " system will doubless be improA^ed upon, thereby lessening the cost of transportation. The exigencies of the Canadit^n canals may require an in- crease of tolls, but the leading idea is to collect no more revenue from tolls than will be sufficient to keep the canals in repair and repay the cost of management. It is generally understood, how- ever, that if the interest of the route demands it, tolls on the Canadian canals will be entirely abolished on A'cssels and cargoes en route to Canadian ports. The only drawbacks or objections that have been started the success of the enlarged Wellar ". and St. Lawrence canal route in competition with the Erie oanal are : Whether vessels of the enlarged capacity can successfully be floated on its waters ; whether the trouble of entering and leaving the locks will not cause too great delay and be accompanied by great dan- ger to the lock gates ; whether the length of time required to pass through the canals will be so far increased as to take off the profit of the trip ; and whether, in the absence of return freights from Kingston ; A^essels will have to seek them from Oswego on Lake Ontario, or Buffalo, Cleveland and Erie on Lake Erie, there- by losing time and profit. against THE TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL THE CONDITION OF THE BANKS IN 1877. The condition of the Banks acting under Charter in Ontario and Quebec, at the opening- and close oi' the year is shown in the lollowing table, compiled from the official return : — Capital. Capital Huthorized. ('apital paid up. . . Liabilities. Circulation Government deposits Public deposits on demand i'ublic deposits at notice Due other Banks in Canada Due to other Banks not in Canada . Sundries Assets. Specie Dominion notes Notes and cheques of other Banks . . . Due from other Banks in Canada Due from other Banks not in Canada, Total available assets . Government stocks Loans to Government Loans to Corporations Loans on stocks and bonds. Current discounts Over-due bills unsecured... " " secured Real Estate Bank premises Other assets 'Jan. Ist, 1877. Dec. -51,1877 $(j8,9r.«,Gon (i2,0rosperity the bulk of remit- tances was made at stated periods, while now importers spread their remittances over the year, ]nirchasing Exchange whenever their bank balaneo will allow them. In view of the difliculty experienced in finding profitable employment lor their laruv resources, many of the banks in the spring reduced the rate ol interest on deposits in the savings departments from ;') to 4 per- cent , and th(^ latter is the rate now almost universally paid in Canada. The following table shows the increase which the move- ment of the crops caused during the fall : — .Inly 31. Oct. 31. Increase. 1873 $22,300,600 22,900,000 18,725,000 1 7,336,000 16,486,700 $28,500,000 29,000,000 23,308,000 22,007,000 22,018,600 $ 6,2OO,O0(> 6,100,00(1 1874 1875 4,583,000 1876 4,741,000 1877 5.531,900 Notwithstanding that the in'^rease during the fall months exceeded that in the previous year, the circulation outstanding at the close of the year was fully $1,000,000 less than at the close of 1876, the exertions made by retailers to collect accounts caus- ing the money to return ^o Bank rapidly. The effect has been to reduce the amount under discount to a smaller figure than at any time since 1872. The Banks now hold nearly $1,500,000 more of Government Bonds than a year ago, the absence of de- mand for money causing these Bonds to be used as an invest- ment. Grovernment deposits are somewhat less than a year ago, but the public deposits have not undergone important change, the closing of channels of investment keeping them large. THE FAILURES OF THE YEAR. Messrs. Dun,"Wiman & Co., furnish the following interesting record of failures in the Dominion during the year : — The following table exhibits the number and amount of j.>;i Miwji'/; . .iai,-;viv.» TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTRKAL. 67 lailuros amongst tho traders in Canada for tho past and three preceding years : — PROVINCKH. Quebeo Ontario NovaSootiii New Brunswick Prince V.dw ird Inland . Nowi'ouiidlaDcl Manitoba Total. 1874. 310 111 91 8 3 990 Amount of Liabilitiea. $2,840, LW ;{,188,14;i 870 0(H) G85.fi7-J 77.500 33.000 1875. ■zt Antonnt c-2 of &s'3 I Liabilitioi. Cn 1 «78 24;{ 172 1« 4 t7,696,7G5 IIHS »i;{,!i:M,on!» 8,808, .W7 2,750.750 ;j,ltiO,!K»8 104,(548 15,446 $28.843,W7 1876. o |« . 3 (iOO 873 l.V) 78 23 4 1728 Amount of Liabilitiei. J13,(^78,(V4fi i»,488.()62 1,4HM»11 740.854 14!t.(i84 40,833 1877. "5£ . a orr: {m ii« 130 2.3 1 «25,5n,9sn I 18<)0 Amount (f Liabilities. .$11,014,787 11,573,550 1,1H»;,403 l,;«t.()34 240,it75 44.07, ajraiiiKt $14,707 in 1H70, and $14,05(> iu 1875, a de- « reatso ol" HO i)er (-ent. as compared with 1^70. This may mean either that tlu^ amounts of credit granted to indivi(Uial traders have been It'sseuing, or that then^ have l>een fewer heavy failun^s during the year just ended. It is something, of course, to lind that th(» amount owed l)y each insolvent is less on the average than last year, but whatever satisfaction that may yield is counter-balanced by the fact that the lessening of the total obligations of failed traders is not ai)preciable, Thi^ last quarter of the year shows, it is true, an imi)rovement. In the iirst quar- ter there was ■)72 failures, with liabilities S7,57G,.")11 ; in the second 050, owing $7,575,320; in the third the number had de- cli.ied to 424, and the liabilities to $r»,753,13y ; in the last to 244 while the amount was ])ut $4,000,000, showing an increase in the average amount of each to $1H,80() per failure in the last quarter from $1.-J,500 per failure in the previous quarter. This reduced number of failures is doubtless owing largely to the good harvest, which has enabl(>d some merchants to meet their obligations, who might otherwistJ have been forced to assign. The conditions of trade to which we referred at length a year ago, do not seem to be changed, or if a change is going on, there has not yet been time fo it to make its curative power percepti- ble. "We said in January last that, " Notwithstanding three years of depression, in which th(^ failures in Canada have been in greater proportion to the number engaged in business than in any other country, there is to day a greater number of persons in business, in proportioii to the trade to be done, than in any other country, whose statistics are available. The con',iusion is irresisti- ble, that the business of the country will not gain in health or safety until there is a change in tLis respect. Either the business must grow greatly in extent, or it must be divided among a less number, or the prospect of profit must be abandoned." The pro- cess of changing the basis of credit must necessarily be gradual, not to say tedious. It cannot be expected that a lax system, the growth of years of expansion and of misleading prosperity en- IW TUADE AND COMMERCE UK MONTREAL. 69 t joyod by the tradinu: fommniiity. can be cured at omco. Still it is diHappointinu* that so litth' pro^-ress in a healthy direction is shown at the close of this, our third year oi' extreme coniniercial depression. All avenues of business are still excessively crowded, i)rolits are reduced to a niinimuni, and a good deal of illeL-itiniato com- petition has to 1)0 met. There are still too many goods imported ibr the actual wants of the country, and tho natural result is they are sold at ruinous prices to solvent men, or placed at better ligures in the hands of weak dealers whose claims to credit are very questionable. The banking accomodation granted to importers is in many cases still too liberal, allbrding aiictitious capital that is a fruitful source of trouble. In addition to this, it is but proper to say that a large share of the blame is du(^ to old country houses, who give credit to Canadian traders to an extent that savors strongly of recklessness. The standard of local credit is still too low, and there is but little apparent change in the wretched system of long credits and dating ahead that has become so common in all branches of trade ; until this matter is fairly met and promptly checked by wholesale men, we may expect a lower state of commercial morality than if credits were short and collections promptly enforced. We hazard little in saying that but a moderate per- centage of men engaged in business at the present time, are safe for a credit of nine months, so many contingencies may arise, so many unforeseen things may develop themselves, that what is apparently a good realizable surplus may dwindle away to no- thing in much less time than that. Many men now seeking compromises from their creditors were apparently in excellent positions and (»njoying first-rate credit nine months ago. The year has witnessed a continuance of low values in mer- chandize the world over, and the effect of shrinkage iii stocks, culminating the past year, has been to wipe out the capital of not a few Canadian merchants, and to neutralize the profits of ::;^lt' 70 TRADE AND COMM^'.RCE OF MONTREAL. many more. It continues to be the case, however, to even a greater degree than at the time we wrote our last yearly circular, that our farmers are in generally sound and prosperous condi- tion, and the products of our iields are finding new markets abroad. This much is certain, and it is a fact that ought to be vastly 15tii to 22nd -«H-. gc ct t- Oi ?» i^ m Cn CX) X >n lO •OMX • t^ M _ 2 Oi -• M i.T X '^^OCO "* • xo • 1-H I— 1 I— 1 r- • i-t 1-H . f-H • 1-H .a • ^ >». 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TfO- l^OJ'X • I-H • CO •- CD (>J OS © be! ^ -^(T) f^H r-* .fc ,-H <-^ 1— • f-H 1—1 • I-H rH 1-H I-H <1 to " ?) »-* • HS-K » -w* kH« !CH"-1^» *-f 4< . -+*-ftioet ♦ -piKHi «H"-*'-w-WJ*# -+• w r^ — M M 5>i r: rr 00 iT > •(^^oc5 1> • M T W-* ?>> 1" »r^ — i>. r; — w X 05 t^ c Ci c; r-i »>. c: 00 c ) • X f* o> • 3*XJ>.(MCO'r»C5 = fM ^*"» .-< 1-1 ,— T-l 1- < • I-H • 1-H I-H ,-^ I-H — n 1— ( _ , r.ft "W kH< -w H?i H ■1 . . k « -Nt ^^.HV -H. t>. t-^ rr :c c; M ^ a 1 » C5 OJ — i^ ^t ao c • ;o» lO ^CJ "^ « C^ X X TT .0 '>J =: 03 • '^ • 1-H I-H r-H I-H I-H •-i«3cH"-i«Hii -T« —w ''.rr c.t^ t.n T • *-*< -ill -rt xH e.rt -m fa t3 _ « (N iQ fc — ic rc m • ">» X 350JCsa>XTii-rC' «H • • "N -f Oi I-H Oi X ?^ uC C> Oi =: i-s ^■^^--^ -- • •" *^ ^-^ 1-H ^H t-H ■ • • • • > • c * 1 - • : :k * V'i ■ c; • ' - .z.'- = ! ! '^ : • t-r_) . CS -± a a c c a P- 1 c 4- c £ rr. «. B C t, •> rr c —< • ii »- t "c E- a C 15 ' c fcs 1.: ^ ' a ^ c .fa : ci 2 n d =r cs j: .5|6 >£ £ 4-1 ,-: *- u a a O ■0* o o p O) s ill 72 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. J— QO r-» >H w W o o o H o w o >-i Ph ^ll w ea —II- -^ J-^ 5'» '^ 5» ?!J Jj rl iM ti ^, - I- *j p p ^p p > o 3 'o 'o ':j 'o 'w ^ 'o yi C5 G a C C ;iH Cl -1 TO 1—1 I'.n- Si l.-? OJ -M ^ '^ >-< -1 o> ' " J p s ^ - ^ oi^aib J S j= ''- '* S M s :^ o ::^ <1 <1 ^ ^ -^ H H C3 M pa O « O H O O n H U OS O o '^ . o cJ '*' ^ '- rt b b b « " r= « a > ^t; -i: a t- .■S 3 -r * « » cs S a a a a a c o c o o C5 7» o o -M -rr .— !>. '^J ic o i~- C5 1- 0> C5 Ci '>> 'O r» Ci o 4-< o c >0 -M (>J -4 (M (^ (>i no *' -w c: »i" lO ^ ■ C Cl i>. X O -T i.T ;5 -* -t:i -^< -4n kHi -in ri <^ 7. (^ (M — -i< CO o .(T Ci t>. CC => 1" 1.-5 CO O w c □ O ♦^ (M —I o» x^* xM -I" -^ xW -<« -» M 'ID T-i r- 0» TJi O «^ C- 1-1 *^ 00 -tct -»« ocH" s^H" -iw 35 M l>. W C^ Ci O <>. «>. •o O Xi 00 o >n o -o o £3 'C t> c c lO « CN Tt< cc t^ r/o '^» c^ CO t^ •o c X X o lO lO ;o 0-2 ■^00 •^Ct r^tji T-y# ' \*t ~*W ' \^ ^t CO »>. C5 '» 50 O 35 •O -=) X X O 1.0 O CO 5 o = ^ tor:»>.(>. f;j-.ioo •JD o 00 on « , - - - ' lO lO i>. «;:; >n 35 CO -I X 0>> 1-1 o> 05 r>i X •■"i:^';: 1>. => -^ X 1^ lO — *^ CO .O O X X O 1I-) uO CO 3 -J o c o -M 51 10 35CO (^T-ICOCOJ>.^ 005X ^i-IiOlOCCO -I *^x '-^N '^ KH* -to* '-t^* "-1^ "TXroi^csi— I'Tj^ lO 05 X X S lO lO CO -a ■ b - 3 -'" S?" o ^ CS 3 C O) _ .-^ r>. 05 r>. 35 ;S 1-H I— I C5 CO o t^ X C» • f^ <^ => "* 5> "T O* • CO t» lO (J> X — 05 X O t>. t- o «■-. — CO i>. l-- o o o> CO lO Ol trir^ CM --^1 -iM «» CS 35 ■^ (Jl — O t^. ■^ O X o O W O "^ (?) ' l^ t>. lO 01 X 1-1 r- 05 '- 0* ' i^ CO ■«* r* X : r-(^-1W -1« «-^t) 35 CO X — 0» 1-H CO CO •>* 0*) X => -te-i kH* -^ -w O35C0 i-iCOiOiOS5«CO — t-. CO O fN X f> I-" "* 5* X O ^- o CO !3» X X CO »-< r-W-IM T." CO CO —I CO '«■ X CO — 1 -^ CO -* 00 -M CO €>• CO O i-Wi-W.WI O 00 X i-^ O <^* X 4- 1-« uo pi CO rH -Id ^in X lO CO 1-1 CO l>. CO o OCf^ "T^ Xf* '~f?' Xf'J' "^'^ ~rt CO r>. CO • CD oj — rH 1-1 X l> • tT o> X o -l« r^l KH* •1< -75 — t^ CO o ■^ • •^ lO X ■^ — tH rH • CO CO ■* 3^ X C> CO t>- t^CO o n -4c< ee(^ -4M f-^Hi H^i ^ X CO lO 04 • 1-1 1-1 1-H X COCO •>* 'X O CO p o o O o o 03 tt- 0/ t2 e o ::£ ^ g W cyp -^^^ 3 cq ;5 w P> Pm ?^ ;:;^p?^5'5 5^ ^ 'O o X Ol o c o. csco ^ a o. r k< n c o ;^ O a p c i.O CO c o (5 p. ^3 C5 o p 'J'Iff "^ TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. T» THE STOCK MARKET. As will be seen by the accompanying table of prices, all Bank shares have undergone a further depreciation, continued, with spasmodic reactions, throughout the year. The general causes of the decline are too well known to require extended mention. Prevalent depression, continued failures, defalcations and exposures of rotten institutions, caused large losses to Banks and forced more than one to trespass on the reserve or reduce the dividend. The absence of a steady investment demand, which the stagnation in business renders impossible, and the forced sales of stock, have also exerted a depressing effect on prices. Montreal Telegraph began the year with a decline of 5 per cent., caused by a reduction in the dividend from 4 to 3^ per cent., and ruled moderately steady at the fall, throughout Jan- uary. Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company fell 10 per cent, at the close of this month, from 89 to 79, because of forced sales of large blocks of stock on a dull and weak market. Bank shares gradually moved downward throughout the month, with- out special features characterizing them. There was an absence of demand and no disposition to i;ndertake a " bull " movement, with commercial reasons all against it. Royal Canadian Insurance stock dropped 5 per cent, between the opening of the year and the middle of February, when a call of 5 per cent, was made by the Directors. The most important event of February was a decline of 9 per cent, in Merchants' Bank stock, caused by the circulation of rumors affecting the condition of the affairs of the ins 'tution. To satisfy the shareholders and avert a further droj) in ti '^ market price of the stock, a meeting of Directors and lead- ing siiareholdors was lield on February 20th, at which statements of the affairs of the Bank were submitted by the cashier and resolutions passed to the effect that the capital of the bank was intact and that ils condition did not warrant the depreciation of the stock. At this meeting the cashier, Mr. Jackson Rae, tendered his resignation. A reaction of 2 to 3 per cent, in the stock was caused by these proceedings. Another prominent 6 74 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. event ol' February was a decline in City Passenger Eailway stock from 140 to 110, caused by unfavoralile rumors of the condition of its affairs and the resignation of all the directors excepting one. At the close of this month Sir Hugh Allan resigned the presidency of the Merchants' Bank, and Hon. Jno. Hamilton was elected to the position. Mr. Geo. Hague, formerly cashier of the Bank of Toronto, was also at the same time appointed manager of the Merchants' Bank. The end of February was memorable also for a general selling out of Telegraph, City Passenger Rail- way and Richelieu Navigation Company stocks, caused by reports that the affairs of these companies were in a less favorable condi- tion than had ])een generally supposed, and this proceeding, to- gether with the changes in the Merchants' Bank management, •caused the month to close on an exceedingly weak market. In March the downward moA'ement made considerable progress ; Bank of Montreal fell from 176 to 169; Toronto from 174^0 170f ; Merchants' from 82 to 73^ ; Exchange from 94 to 88J ; Montreal Telegraph from 113 to 106 ; City Passenger Railway from 109 to 75. There were several reasons for this great depre- ■ciation. In the first place the change in the management of City Passenger Railway led to revelations of the rotten condition of the Company, which were made public in a semi-official form. Then the knowledge that the Banks of Montreal, Commerce and Exchange were holders of large amounts of City Passenger Rail- w^ay and Telegraph stocks obtained from Bond Bros, before their failure at prices 50 to 150 per cent, above those then current and that heavy loss would be sustained on these stocks, produced the decline in the Bank shares A fear that the Banks might attempt to market their Telegraph and City Passenger Railway shares also assisted to depreciate the price of these. The heavy decline in stocks at the close of March caused a temporary em- barrassment to two Broking firms, who were unable to fulfil contracts for a couple days, but no failure of importance was pro- duced. The month of April opened on a demoralized market, but the large ** short " interest created by the decline in March, enabled the formation of a " bull " clique and a rapid recovery iall round followed. In tho third week of the month the "bulls" •f I ;v TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. 75 began to unload, and this again caused a downward movement in prices. At the close of April rumors that the Bank of Montreal would reduce its dividend to 5 per cent, sent down the stock 4 per cent. The dividend declared was 6 per cent., which steadied the stock. Reports of a reduction of dividend by the Bank of Toronto sent down the stock 10 per cent., from 171 to 161, at the close of this month, and the payment of 4 per cent, against 6 per cent, in previous half-years further depressed the stock to 158 early in May. There was no other event of importance in April, and in May the market ruled quiet with a firmer tone, resulting from the opening of navigation and a hope that trade would begin to improve. In June Ontario Bank stock declined from 101^ to 98, because of the transference of a large sum from "rest" account to meet losses incurred. By the distribution of 20 per cent, of the capital of the Metropolitan Bank, the stock was reduced from 50 to 30 in the second week of June, and a further distribution of 10 per cent, reduced it to 19 at the close of the month. An important event of June was the great fire at St. John, N.B., which caused a heavy decline in insurance stocks and a general weakness in bank stocks. Two other events at this time caused the month to close with a gloomy feeling per- vading the market. On June 21st a meeting of the shareholders of the Merchants' Band was held, at which the result of Mr. Hague's examination was made public. The statement presented showed that $2,260,000 was written olf for losses and $750,000 set apart as a contingent fund. In consequence of this showing it was resolved to reduce the capital stock 25 per cent. On June 25th the report of Mr. P. S. Ross, who was appointed to examine the affairs of the City Passenger Railway, w^as made public, and the exposure of the wretched condition of affairs sent down the stock from 75 to 65. In consequence of the large losses sustained by the St. John fire, the insurance companies were obliged to make " calls," and the Stadacona Company decided to discontinue business. In July bank stocks continued weak throughout the month, without any special cause beyond continued business failures, dull trade and total absence of investment demand. In July Richelieu Navigation stock, which had been weakened by f0. 1 mm 76 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. the formation of an opposition line of steamers to Quebec, was strengthened by the purchase of the opposition steamer by the Eichelieu Company. At the close of July the failure of Meeker's iron House in Chicago caused a decline of 2 per cent, in Bank of Montreal. The months ot August and September were marked by a general advance in all stocks. The improvement was based on the splendid crops ; a revival of business ; decrease in the num- ber of failures, and more active legitimate demand for money. The special features of this period were a successful " bull " movement in Bank of Montreal, brought about by a "short" interest of 1,500 shares, and the declaration of an interim dividend by the Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Company on Septem- ber 8th, which advanced the stock from 63| to 7 8 J. During August and September, Montreal Telegraph rose from 111 to 120 on rumors of amalgamation with the Dominion Telegraph Com- pany, which were officially denied. Throughout October and the first half of November the market was quiet but firm, and with- out special feature beyond the active grain movement and gene- ral improvement in business. In the latter part of November tho failures of Mulholland & Baker, W. P. Bartley & Co., and John Fraser, and a sudden check to business caused by mild weather, made a weak market for Bank shares. In December further large failures continued, dulness in trade and unloading by a " clique " in Toronto, of Bank of Montreal and Commerce stocks sent prices down still lower, leaving the market at the close of the year in a depressed and dull condition. THE aOLD MARKET. The average gold premium in the United States w^as lower in 1877 than in any year since the suspension of specie payments. In January, gold opened at 107|, fell to 105 J on the 31st, and closed at that figure. There was a light mercantile demand, and the tone of the speculation was bearish toward the latter part of the month, mainly in consequence of the passage by Congress of w? TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. 77 the Electoral Commission Bill, which })ecame a law on the 29th. In February gold opened at 105|, went to 106^ on the 6th, being influenced mainly by a decline in consols in London and expect- ations of war between Russia and Turkey, fell to 104f on the 28th in consequence of a report that President Grant would propose measures for a speedy resumption of si)ecie payments, and closed at this figure. In March the market W"8 dull and uninteresting, the average price being 105. The only important event was the ciosiEg of the Gold Exchange, the business passing to the Stock Exchange. In April the declaration of war by Russia sent up the price to 107|. In May a decline to 106|: was caused by the the lirst gold sale of the year by the Treasury, and in June a further fall to 104| was occasioned by the completion of a con- tract with a new syndicate for the sale of 4 per cent, bonds in pursuance of the terms of the specie resumption Act. In July the market was without feature, but in August the lowest price of the year, 103 15-16, was reached, the decline being due to a lack of mercantile demand and the turning of the foreign Ex- changes in favor of the United States, so as to allow of specie importations. In September an absence of demand and continued importations sent down the premium to 102|, and in October 102J was recorded. In this month the agitation for the remone- tization of silver as a legal tender for all dues private and public, began to influence the gold market, and in November an advance to 103f was made. Gold opened in December at 102^, fell to 102| by the 5th in consequence of the encouraging language con- tained in the President's message regarding the silver question. The price commenced to react on the 7th on the introduction into the Senate by Senator Stanley Mathews of his resolution declaring that the payment of bonds in siver would not be a breach of the public faith, and by the 11th gold had reached 103^. This subject continued to have more or less of a depressing influence on securities to the end of the year, but the prepayment by the Treasury of the January interest and the high rates of carrying gold checked an upward movement in the premium, and the price fell to 102| and closed at 102|. 'in; '■' 78 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. LONDON MONEY MARKET. The Bank of England discount rate was altered eight times, against five times in 187G, twelve times in 1875 and thirteen times in 1874- From January until the close of April the rate was 2 per cent. ; on 2nd May an advance to 3 pf^r cent, was made and this rate continued until July when a decline to 2 per cent, occurred. At the close of August a drain of gold to the Continent and America caused a gradual stiffening of rates, and by the middle of October, the rate was 5 per cent. ; at the close of Nov- ember a reduction to 4 per cent, was made, from which no change occurred up to the close. The average rate of discount for the year was 3 per cent. Consols sold down to 93^ in May and up to 97 3-16 in December, these being the extreme prices of the year. Silver. — There was a considerable recovery in 1877 from the great decline in the price of silver, which was so distinguish- ing a feature of the previous financial year. In July, 1876, the extremely low price of 46| pence per ounce was reached, but by the opening of the past year a recovery to 5S^ had been brought about by the operations of j^urchasers fiom the Continent, and the failure of the silk crop in Italy, and the consequent rise in the price of China silk. In March the price had again declined to 53^ pence per ounce, but the fluctuations from that time until the close of the year were less frequent, the extreme figures being 53^ and 55f . The closing price was 54| pence per ounce, and the market without conspicuous strength, the large unsold bal- ance of the Grermany stock continuing to exert a depressing influence. DDMINION NOT 111 CIRCULATION. 1877. SIst July. I Fraotionals .... 1 11 6.795 98 $1 and $2 1 3,015.072 2^ .■fS, $10 and $20 211,030 73 $50 and $10u . .( 5(-3.400 W JdOO and •iOOO. i 6,89«,0G0 00 Total 10,8U2,8i;8 95 Slst August. 30ih Sept. 115,478 23 3,052.496 25 163..-38 65 66i),500 00 7,281,500 00 114,556 23 3,177,487 25 161,801 58, 5()2,700 00 7,379,000 00 31st October. 113,716 98 3,203,436 25 r'.9,762 45 570..W 00 7,511,500 00 11,182,313 13 ' ll,;-96,548 06 11,558,715 68 30tb Nov. 112.866 23 3,160,816 25 157,981 91 608.400 00 7,496,500 00 11,536,563 S9 3l8t Dec. 119,458 73 3,0*^8,443 75 156.756 91 .563.000 00 7,676,500 00 11,584,159 39 wr TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. 79 H H H u O H?3 bc4 O aa H O ^ -< O H & O •< w H O H Total Liabilities Other Liabilities 5 8 '«• 5 s M -<1 Special Poor Fund or Charity Trust. Other Deposits payable after notice. Provincial Oort. Deposits payable after notice. Donninion Oov't Deposits payable after notice. OO O 1.0 Other Deposits payable on demand. Provincial Govt. DepositB pay- able on demand. Dominion Govt De|)08its payable on demand. S U 03 a «» 00 .3 s» .5 -^ 'q. S O CO ^ 8 I I- 00 si |3 i" i- s ci <5 It ^^ I- o ^ Bank Stock prior to Incorporation. Special Poor Fund or Charity Fund Invest- ments. Cash on hand or on call in Chartered Banks a 3 I - to lioans secured by iStock.Jicc. Loans secured by Bank Stock. Loans hnving Government Securities. ^ s 'i I- i s I— 1_ ?1" I- I- at O) :5 I— ■A a» ^ s f^ 3 ^ s Provincial or u Municipal Secu- S? 1 rities. «> S s Iff 1- .1 .i- I- I - 30 FIRE LOSSES IN CANADA. The New York Chronicle publishes a very complete state- ment of losses by fire, and specials bunied in Canada and the 80 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. United StateH during tho past three years, from wliich wo take the following information : — ])uring 1S77, there were in the United States and Canadu 10.4C.J lires, or one in nearly every fifty-three minutts. Thf value of the property destroyed by these fires amounted to $l>7,.32r),800, an average of about $268,000 per day. In 1876, the number of fires was less by 1,102, and the aggregate loss was $7iJ.775,800, or $2;J,751,000 less than in 1877. The losses to in- surance companies in 1877 amount to $48,0u 6,600, an increase oi !|0,774,r)00 over those of 1K76. The losses by "specials " in 1877 show^ a corresponding increase. In 1876, these losses amounted to 140,076,700, and in 1877 to $58,998,400. As a matter of course the losses to insurance companies by " specials " also increased. In 1876, insurance companies paid on this class of risks losses amounting to $2-3,331,400, while in 1877, they were called upon to pay $30,506,700. The tabulations of losses by States and Ter- ritories is most interesting and instructive. New York head.s the appalling record of destruction, and while the total loss in that State in 1877 was less by $2,633,600 than in 1876, it never- theless, reached the enormo 'b aggregate of $11,456,400. Penn- sylvania comes next to Ne\N iTork in the Amount of losses, which aggregate $8,411,800. Massachusetts comes third on the list, with a total loss of $5,603,300 ; which compared with the total loss in 1876, show^s an increase of $121,900. In many instances a curious uniformity is noticeable in the list of specials burned during the past three years. Thus, 78 carpenter shops wen^ burned in the United State in 1877, and the same number in 1876 ; and in Canada 21 were burned in 1877, and 25 in 1876. Churches, too, were consumed with remarkable numerical exact- ness. Of this class of risks there w^ere burned in this country in 1877, 64, and in 1876, 66 ; and in Canada were burned during the same periods, respectively, 16 and 13. Drug stores were destroyed in practically the same numerical proportion during the past two years, being 150 destroyed in the United States in 1877, and 145 in 1876. The mortality among the more dangerous class of " specials " was greater in 1877 than in 1876. Such risks as hotels, liquor stores, grocery stores and livery stables were destroyed mor'» frequently. There are many other points in this portion of the record to which attention might be directed, but the record can best speak for itself. Referring to the destruction of $210,998,685 Avorth of property in the past three years, the Chronicle says : " There cannot be any doubt that a large portion of this enormous waste is due to incendiarism. During the past TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTRKAh. 8f n year tho de])reK8ioii which i)rcvailed in almost overv })ranch of husint'ss, together wi*' the eagerness of many insiinmce compa- nies to assume risks at any rate of premium oH'rrcd, suggested and encouraged incendiarism. It is well known to under writers that a large percentage of the losisc^ which thty have been called upon to pay were caused by fires which occurred after it was discovered that the insured were bankrupts. Most ol these losses may b»^ fairly attributed to incendiarism. Some companies, loo, in their \vild and reckless scrambh for business, not only sold insurance below prime cost, but held out by overinsurance a strong inducement to the insured to destroy by lire his pro- perty." The following is a detailed statement of the losses by fires iri Canada in the past three years : — Years. Total liosses. Total LosscB to Insurance Go's. LosHes by Specials. LosseH to Insurance (^o'a. by Special H. 1877 1876 1875 $29,261,000 0,145,200 8,225,750 $10,637,700 3,887,000 4,306,300 $11,522,600 3,772,300 5,025,400 $5,524,700 1,653,300 2,547,350 '«1 It is somewhat singulaa* that June should have been the most disastrous month in each of the three years, and February the least so. The following is a recapitulation of the fire record in the United States and Canada : — Aggregate losses Aggregate losses to Insurance Companies.. .. Aggregate losses by Specials Aggregate losses to Insurance Companies by Specials Number of fires Number of Specials burned $9T,.')2t),800 48.036,600 58,993,400 30,506,700 H .403 5,806 $73,775,800 •SS, 262,100 45,976,700 23, '531, 400 9,301 4,586 $86,328,035 43,631,700 55,373,900 28,025,890 Not rep'rtd. 3,662 ■ / •if.. I 82 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. THE rilODUCE TRADIi The flour and i^raiii trade in 1877 wtw on th«^ whole satis- factory. Theni were no heavy (aihins amongst llie trade and no heavy losses, except perhaps (ni IJarley carried over from the previous year. The stocks in Toronto and Montreal at the open- ing of the year were moderate, ana th ^ fluctuation in i)ri(e wider that for many years past owing to the war in Europe. As re- gards the movement of grain from West to East during the year, there was a heavy falling off in the receipts here during the lirst six or seven months ; and when the fall business began both re- ceipts and shipments were very largely less than those noted for the corresponding period in 1876 ; it seemed almost as it' the lee- way might not be made up by the close of the season. The excellent crops, however — coupled wath the demand from (Jreat Britain at moderately remunerative prices — stimulated ship- ments, and from about the middle of August the grain trade here became more active. Although, it w ill be observed that, bushel for bushel, the combined xcoeipts and shipments for 1877 do not equal those for 187t), it must remembered that, notwith- standing surrounding depression, the record of quantities for the last mentioned year showed an aggregate excess over the two years preceding, mainly because of an exceptional demand for oats from Great Britain. If, therefore, the record of quantity for 1877 is somewhat less as compared with that of the year before,, the figures undoubtedly represent a much higher value, for the table of shipments to particular ports, while it shows a decrease in peas -^nd oats of 2,864,440 bushels, points out an increase of 2,200,989 in wheat, corn, barley and rye. The receipts of all kinds of grain during the calendar year 1877 amounted to 14,238- 769 bushels, and the shipments to 12,732,653 bushels — or an aggregate of 5^6,971,422 bushels, against 27,755,153 bushels in 1876—22,322,461 bushels in 1875— and 24,237,143 bushels in 1874. There was a large increase in the amount of grain trans- ferred at Kingston for Montreal. TRAPE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. 8» ift Tho I'ol lowing is a statement of receipts and shipments of Hour and jj^rain at the port of Montreal in tho past ten years : — RECEIPTS. Ploar. . .H23,K73 brln. equal to. . 4.1 lU.HUri Meal.... 40.7ur> " •' .. 4«;7,()r)0 Whiiat 7,'.ilH,oih> Corn 4,(5l7.Uir» Peas HIO.IM)! Oats :W3,07.') Harley 1,2;M),486 Total iu 1)^77 lH.7H5,i)(!l4 Do. ld7G iy,U;i6,5tK) Do. 1(^5, J7,:K4,036 Do. 1874 17,G76,IH8 Do. 1H73 19,1)89,094 Do. 1872 18.115,670 Do. 1871 16,808.108 Do. 1870 13,106.630 Do. 1869 13,268,767 Do. 1868 8.703,764 Do. 1867 10,79(),575 SHIPMENTS. IUimIiuI.'I. Flour. . .749.247 hrln. pqiml to. . 3,746,23.'» Mnal.... 86,779 " .. H67.71M> Wheat .'■•.848,;<63 Corn l.226.21Hi Poaa 1,127,21.'. Oats 400,142 Barley 1,(K>I,473 Total in 1877 . 17,:j07,r.44 !)(». Il376 17,643,.'>92 Do. 1875 15,497,150 !)(►. J874 16.739..5H0 Do. 1873 17.912..572 Do. 1872 17,522,957 Do. 1871 16,186,4^4 Do. 1m70 KM)0l.3l0 Do. 1869 11,(»87,70G Do. J868; 7,546,362 Do. 1867 tJ.732,42.'> FLOUR. The receipts and shipments of Flour in the past seven years were as follows : — !l:ii Receipts. Shipments. Receipts. SUIPMENTS. Brls. BrLs. Brls. BrLs. 1871.... 951,760 908,844 1875 .... 1.023.551 843,699 1872.... 621,973 832,931 1876.... 915,331 7:<8,075 1873.... 1,130,666 863,569 1877.... 823,873 749,247 1874.... 1,075,353 830,256 84 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. INSPECTION OF FLOUR. The quantities of Flour inspected in Montreal during the past seventeen years, were as follows : — Date. 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 Barrels. 651,837 626,691 618,520 363,454 246,658 260,130 404,320 397,660 429,655 Datk. 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 Barrels. {356,452 472,277 430,992 460,341 499,486 440,877 451,529 329,588 The flour market was very firm throughout the early part of the year, in consequence of the threatening aspect of European affairs, and during the month of April, on the out-break of war there was an advance of $1.50 % |2.00 per barrel all round. Spring extra flour sold up to $8.50 from $5.60, the opening price of the year, but throughout the rest of the year, with the ex- ception of a brief period at the close of July, when a firm tone pervaded the market, the tendency of prices was downward, and the ('losing prices were the lowest of the year. Spring extra selling at $5.10 on December 31st. The stock of flour held here was less in 1877 than in the two previous years and was as no lime a large one. TfwADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. 85 PRICES IN MONTREAL op SPRING EXTRA FLOUR from CANADA WHEAT. Date of Quotations. ■ 1877. PerBrl.ofUmibs. 1870. Per Brl. of 196 lbs. 1876. Per Brl. of 196 lbs. 1874. Per brl. of 196 lbs. January . . . . 8 .16 .22 .29 . 5 .12 .19 .26 . 5 .12 .19 .25 . 2 . 9 .16 .23 .30 . 7 .14 .21 .28 . 4 .11 .18 .25 . 2 . 9 .16 .23 30 $ c. f c. 5 60 ^ 5 70 5 75 5 90 6 00 6 10 6 15 6 25 do do 6 20 G 25 6 25 6 30 00 6 :io do do 6 30 () 35 6 30 6 35 do do 6 30 6 ;i5 6 35 6 40 6 65 6 75 7 25 7 30 8 25 8 50 8 10 8 15 8 20 8 25 7 75 7 85 7 75 7 85 7 60 7 70 7 30 7 40 7 10 7 20 6 95 7 00 6 70 00 6 95 7 00 6 95 7 10 7 25 7 30 7 20 7 25 6 95 7 05 6 70 6 75 6 40 00 6 20 6 25 5 70 5 75 5 70 5 7.5" 6 00 00 6 00 6 05 6 00 6 05 5 95 6 00 5 75 5 80 5 50 5 60 5 45 00 5 45 5 50 5 35 5 40 5 30 5 35 5 40 5 45 5 37 i 00 00 5 30 5 15 5 20 5 10 5 15 5 10 5 15 $ c. 4 55 4 50 4 50 4 50 4 .50 4 50 4 50 do do do do 4 70 4 67i 4*65 4 65 4 60 4 mi 4 62 i 4 55 7,2i8.(»9;; 8,81S . 72,554 7,17.S,589 7,556,561) The following table shows the quantities of Floui and Grain in store and in hands of Millers in Montreal on dates mentioned : — DATE. January 1 15 February 1 15 March 1 15 April 1 15 May 1 15 June 1 15 July 1 15 August 1 15 September 1 15 October 1 15 November 1 15 December 1 15 18T7 Flouh. I Wheat. Barrels. 53,004 62,782 51,372 56,269 53,812 59,5v.7 64,741 68,435 71,021 77,481 95,420 94,681 65,987 46,204 51,566 41,998 29,636 28,998 37,469 54,161 49,941 42,098 31,911 43,175 Bushels. 93,874 8.3,874 71,874 71,874 61,874 61,674 61,574 62,270 61,474 68,288 98,885 87,269 66,477 68,669 55,281 24,318 51.923 102,472 223,037 324,028 184,477 308,787 392,716 437,093 1876 Flour. Barrels. 53,117 55,485 57,683 58,160 63,661 74,520 81,470. 87,402 105,685 97,380 89,526 77,079 68,032 66,214 57,630 55,115 60,431 57,575 63,902 82,941 74.301 63^764 52,358 58,899 Wheat Bushels. 328,309 276,379 247,267 284,150 334,335 378,231 409,744 431,429 428,360 405,820 555,595 530,836 440,067 338,683 284,527 320,404 438,884 526,961 362,791 426,321 269,804 148,090 105,374 96,374 1875 Flour. Barrels. 69,129 75,159 70,433 63,087 55,091 50,586 48,120 58,740 95,086 96,070 83,081 87,366 60,523 43,286 45,992 41,366 39,992 42,454 40,126 53,363 4.5,836 49,174 43,581 49,812 Wheat. Bushels. 223,307 189,710 166,296 167,296 169,693 168,729 182,126 202,794 221,020 149,178 202,354 203,489 251,116 273,380 262,784 206,915 177,560 187,841 186,749 227,568 311,146 330,358 456,312 415.060 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL 87 I LOWEST AND HIGHEST PRICES of FLOUR and WHEAT i.v MONTREAL DURING SEVENTEEN YEARS. I car*. Sjyriiiff Extra Flour, (formerly No. 1 Super) from Canada IVheat, lier 196 lbs. U. C. Spring Wheat, per bushel of 60 Ibi. .$ c. $ c. 1 16 /a 1 63i 1 03 1 22^ I 00 1 36 1 00 1 36i 1 24 1 45 1 :jo 1 55 1 17 1 45 90 1 35 95 1 18 Years No. I Su^yer Flour from Canada Wheat, per 196 lbs. v. C. Sprinq Wheat, Per bushel of 60 lbs. M877.. 1876.. 1875.. 1874.. 1873.. 1872.. 1871.. 1870.. 1869.. 8 c. $ c. 5 10 1 75 1 471 2 00 1 16 1 60 96 1 30 . 85 <)8 87 1 00 91 I 08 90 1 15 * In 1877, Spring Extra ruled highest during tho monih of April, before the open- ing of navigation and previous to any movement in wheat. 88 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTRE/.L. TRANSHIPMENT AT KINGSTON. The quantities of the various kinds of G-rain transhipped at Kingston into barges for Montreal, art shown by the following- statement for the past three years : — ■, ; ; (JUAIN. 1877 1876 1875 Wheat Corn Peas Oats Lush . . 22 29 February. ... 5 ..191 19 26 Til^arfth . . . . .^ 12 19 ...2.''> A nril . . « . , •>. ... 9 .16 .23 HO Mar .. 7 ^:::.:::i4 21 28 June..... ... 4 11 18 25 .T p 1 V 9. .. 9 16 23 30 isrr. Per bush, of 60 lbs. $ c. $ e. Non ical. a J do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do 18?6. Per bush of 60 Ibf. C. 08 /© 08 08 08 08 OS 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 10 10 10 10 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 1 55 1 54 1 54 1 52 i 1 55 60 57 1 55 57 60 12 12 15 13 13 12 10 10 08 05 02 1 10 1 14 14 16 15 15 15 12 J 12 J 1 10 1 08 1 05 t8T6. PerbuBh.ofeOlbs. I'.. ot' ret) 05 05 021 00 do do do do do do do do do 08 08 00 04 06 02 06 08i $ c. 1 08 1 08 1 08 I 05 1 05 1 05 1 02i do do do do do do do do do I 10 1 10 1 01 1 05 I 07| 1 03 1 071 1 09 18t4. Per bush, of 60 lbs. $ c. 1 m do do do do do do do do do do do » c. I 35 do do do do do do do do do do do 30 30 30 34 34 35 36 1 36 1 M 32+ 32^ 32 31 32 .35 35 34 32^ 30 36 34 33 i 33 I 32 1 33 1 36 I m I 35 1 35 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. 8i9 PRICES OP UPPER CANADA SPRING WHEAT, IN MONTREAL.— (7o«ATB OF Quotations. AufruBt 6 14 20 27 September . . 3 10 17 24 October 1 8 • ••••••• xO 22 29 November . . 5 12 19 26 December... 3 10 17 24 31 1877. Per bush, of 60 lbs 1 57i 1 48 1 48 30 30 30 1 62i 1 50 1 50 I 35 1 32 1 23 1 1 1 24 18 24 24 19 20 20 20 20 32 35 27 20 28 1 28 1 27 1 22 1 22 1 22 23 22 Nominal, do do 1876. Per bath, of 60 lbs 1 08 1 07 1 06 06 08 08 12 12 1 11 1 10 I 08 1 09 1 091 1 091 1 15 1 12 15 15 15 15 17 17 13 14 14 }4 1 18 1 18 1 20 20 18 18 1 18 1 18 1875. Per bash, of GO lbs. • » * • 1 35 1 a5 1 36 1 30 1 31 1 271 I 30 1 26 1 271 1 25 1 26 1 171 .... * • • • 1 121 • • • • 1 14 1 18 1 20 1 16 1 18 1 17 1 18 1 13 1 15 1 15 1 16 1 121 1 15 1 10 1 121 1 08 1 10 do do do do do do do do do do 1874. Per bush, of 60 lbs. 1 221 1 221 221 171 171 171 171 )7i 1 121 1 10 071 05 00 00 I 05 1 05 I 05 1 25 I 25 1 25 1 20 I 171 1 12 1 10 1 071 1 05 1 05 I 08 1 08 I 08 1 05 1 08 From tht^ tbregoing statements it will be seen that the quan- tity of wheat received at and shipped from Montreal, was larger in 1877 than in 1876, but considerably less than in the three pre- ceding years. This fact is owing mainly to the short crop in 1876, in consequence of which the spring and vsummer receipts and shipments showed a large decrease as compared with 1876, and it was not until after the harvest that the trade became at all active. During the fall months, however, the receipts became larger and the gain then made brought the aggregate business in excess of the previous pear. The quantity in store here was insignificant in the first eight months of the year 1877, never exceeding 100,000 bushels, but in closing months of the year, the stock increased to 437,000 bushels. The quantity of wheat tran- shipped at Kingston for Montreal was 4,196,244 bushels, against 3,505,791 bushele in 1876, and 5,156,444 bushels in 1875. The- market lor Canada spring wheat was a purely nominal one in the first six months of the year, but on Julv 1st some business. 7 it!''-. (i; „ ■ ■- !'[;, ■ ' •v . ■,. ■f, ■ ' Ir' !!■ I' ^:. 90 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. was done at $1.55 @, ^1.67J. Throughout July the range was $1.55 @ $1.60, but a decline set in, in tL following month and continued until the close of the year wucii the quotation was $1.20 @ $1.22. MAIZE. The receipts and shipments of maize at Montreal in the past six years were as follows : — • Receipts. Shipments, bush. bash. 1872 7,656,440 7,546,390 1873 3,544,51 4 3,520,918 1874 2,803,284 2,561,375 Receipts. Shipments, bush. bush. 1875 1 .804,010 1 ,724,220 J876 3,9:«,031 3,834,602 1877 4,617,015 4,226,29(i The shipment of Maize may be summarized as follows : — 1877. 1876. 1875. 1874. In se«-going vessels r»a River St. Lawrence.... 4,068,937 ,3,760,838 1,685,848 2,303,730 By Grand Trunk Railway, including quantities entered outwards at Coaticook 51,043 39,177 2,580 219,503 By other channels 106,316 34,587 35,792 '^8,142 Totals 4,226,296 3,834,602 1,724,220 2,561,375 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. 91 PRICES OF MATZB TK MONTREAL DURING SIX YEARS. S i. Date of Quotations. 1877. 1876. 1875, 1874. M73. 1872. V bu. 56 lbs. r ba. 56 lbs. V bu. 56 lbs. . 2 . 9 .16 .23 .30 August 6 " 13 " 20 .27 September 3 " 10 " 17 " 24 October 1 « " 8 " 15 " 22 •' 29 November 5 " 12 " ...19 " 26 December 3 " 10 " 17 " 24 " 31 Ct8. 6.5 /a 67 J 60 59 54 53 54 i 54ji 55 i 56^ 57 57 57 mi 55i 55 .55 56 57 57 55 i 56 56 57 5r 57 56 60 m m 62i 62 i 62i cts. 70 70 I 63 1 60 I .55 I 54 ' .55i 56 56 .56i 57 : 58 58 i .58 .57i 56 I 56 56 .57 58 57i 56J .57 .57 58 58 58 i 57 ! 65 65 i 65 65 65 65 Cttl. CC8. 55 fd) .56 55 56 55 56 55 56 14 54 o3 53 53 52 .52 .52 54 ,54 54 54 ,52 .52 53 56 56 .54 .55 54 .55 54 54 54 54 58 58 58 58 58 53 53 .52 .52 .52 50 50 .50 ,52 52 ,52 52 51 51 .52 54 .54 524 54 53 .54 53 53 (Nl 00 57 57 .57 ,57 57 cttt. cts. 79 ® 80 79 80 79 75 70 (57 70 70 70 68i 70 73 7() 76 78 7H 72 71 61 61 61 59 ,58 64 64 64 64 80 76 72i (59 71 71 71 (59 71 74 77 78 79 79 73 72 64 64 64 62 62 62 .59 60 60 65 65 65 (>5 65 65 65 cts. 00 ffi) 00 70 70 67 i 70 70 70 72 J 70J (5H 70 73 70 70 70 73 74 7.) 00 80 8.5 85 85 87 i • • 85 85 85 85 85 85 a5 82 82 Ctri. 75 i 75 (K) I 75 I 724 72* 72^1 72i! 75 I 72i 70 m 74 71 71 73 74 74 i 76 80 85 87 87 87 90 87i 87i 87^ 87i 874 87i 87j 00 00 ct8. cts, ,57 i fa) 60 52 53 52 51 50 • • 46 45 45 46 46 49 51 51 51 .50 50 50 50 50 54 54 .524 52i 50 ,55 574 62 i 65 70 53 48 47 46^ .5(J 52 .52 51 51 54 57i 54i 54+ 51 55 57+ 60 65 70 72+ cts. Ota. 60 /© 61 60 61 + 62 61 58 .58 ,57+ ,55 ,52 514 53 54 56 ,56 551 ,55 55 60 68 57 57+ ,57 56 52 51 ,53 53 53 55 55 55 571 62 621 62 58 00 .53 f)j) 571 57 56 551 58 .58 58 57 54 52 ,54 54 53 55 57 57 ,57 60 PEAS. The receipts and shipments of Peas at Montreal in the past six years were as follows : — Receipts. SmpHENTS. Bash. BuBh. 1872.. 6.52,649 1,175,026 1873 . . 45,5,799 917,761 IH74.. 1,144,739 1,763,306 The Shipments were as follows : — Tn sea-going vessels via River St. Lawrence. By Richtlieti Go's steamers, barges, 4c. . . . In Ocean Steamers, via Portland By other channels Totals 1,127,245 1,362,731 1,576,183 1,763,360 RSCBIPTS. Shipments. Bush. Bi»h. 1875 .. 1,1.57.040 1,.^T6,183 1876 .. 1,030,003 l.:*2,r.?l 1877.. 810,910 1,127,245 ws . 1877. 1876. 18") 1874. Bushels. BusIm'Is. Boe^iels. Bushels. 1,008,68() 1,253,185 1^78,438 1,612,652 31,252 31,755 43,935 9,801 3,608 2,142 25,412 69,052 83,699 75,649 128,398 71,801 0', f^ TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. It will be noticed that the shipments of peas have each year considerably exceeded the recorded receipts. This apparent in- consistency is explained by the fact that large quantities are received by barges of which no record is taken, and by teams from the country about Montreal. rUICES OF PEAS IN MONTREAL. Datb. 1 1872 Per Bushel of 60 lbs. 1873 Per Bushel of 60 lbs. 1874 Per Bushel of 60 lbs. 1875 Per Bushel of 60 lbs. 1876 Per Bushel of 60 lbs. 1877 Per Bushel of 60 lbs. April May 11 ..28 .. 5 , 1*.^ cts. 75 to 80 82 83 82 84 84 80 78 77 72 72i 72;, 72. 75 75 74 75 70* 82 82 77 7T 74i 74 77 77 74 72 n\ 70 cts. 76 82 83 84 84 82 80 76 r.\\ 75 75 77 77 7 ft 77 77 77 82^ 84 83 79} 77 77 77 74} 75 73 71 ctt 74 74 74 78. 76 73 68 68 08 67 67 07 70j 72 72 09 05 74, 74 72, 70^ 67 J 07^ «7i 77 l'^ 73 72 08 00, 66' 66 66 66 66 f. cts. to 77 77 77 81f 79} 74 70} 70 73 72J 72I 72| f 75} 76 70 71} 75 79j 77 75 72} 70 70 t ^0 77} 75 73 70 68 67} 67} 67} 67} 67} cts. cts. 74 to 76 82 90 80 90 80 90 82 91 84 93 84 93 88 87 91 102} 91 102} 91 102, 91 102} 91 102, 91 102, 91 loa 91 102} 91 102} 91 102 91 102} 105 no 105 110 105 110 105 110 no 112 105 110 106 108 103 105 82} 101 100 105 100 105 101} 102 10l| 102 lOlJ 102 101} 102 101} 102 10l| 102 cts. 93 97 97 96 96 96 94 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 CI 94 94 94 94 94 94 » • • • 85 82 80 78 79 80 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 cts. to 95 98 98 97 97 97 95 92 92 92 92 92 93 93 93 90 96 90 90 90 90 89 87 83 81 80 80 82 79 78 78 78 79 78 78 cts. 79 79 82 80 82 82 82 83 83 80 78 81 83 83 83 82 83 80 80 82} 82} 82 82 82 83 83 80 80 78 79 78 78 78 cts. to .. 81 81 83 82 83 83 83 84 H.| 82 80 82 84 84 84 84 84 82 82 83 83 83} 83} 83} 84} 84} 82 81 80 80 79 79 79 cts. 105 110 110 107 107 100 97 96} 95 93 95 90 96 0.1 94 90 90 88 88 85 88 88 82 81 82 82 80 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 cts. 107A 115" 1 1 .'i u " June It ..H» ..21 2 8 10;» 00 105 100 « Ifi 97 (( ?3 96 « 30 90 July " ... .. 7 .15 9f< 98 « ?) 98 " .... ..2M 90 August u , ,,. . . . i< (( September. . .. 4 ,.11 ..18 .. 1 8 90 92,1 92 90 90 87} 88, V 88 1 (t ..15 II .... ..29 84 October .... (« , ... , 13 00 83 II ... ,1=10 83 II November. . " ... ..27 .. 3 10 82 80 80 i( ... , .17 80 u December . . ..24 .. 1 , 8 80 80 80' K , ir> 80 II 'n 80 w. 1876 Per Bushel of 32 Ibh. cts. cts. 30 to 32 30 32 30 32 30 32 30 32 30 32 30 32 30 32 30 32 30 32 30 32 30 32 30 32 30 32 • * . • . • . a 35^ ' 3(j 36 37 87 37i 37 38 37 38 35 36 34 35 34 35 34 35J 34 35I 34J 35i 34i 35I 34J 35| 35 37 35 37 35 37 35 37 35 57 35 37 37 38 37 38 37 38 37 38 38 30 i 38 :i9i 37 38 37 38 37 .38 37 30 37 30 37 38 1877 Per Burthul of 32 1I.H. January 6 13 Ctg. CtH. 40 to 42 41 42 42 43 42 44 41 44 42 44 42 44 42 44 42 44 43 45 43 45 43 45 43 45 48 40 49 50 49 50 50 52 50 52 50 52 50 52 50 52 50 52 49 50 49 50 47J 49 47| 49 47 48 47 48 47 48 47 48 47 48 47 38 47 48 47 50 47 42 44 41 41 41 37 J 3o 37A 36 37| 3(i 37 J 36 37^ 36 37| 33 344 32 333 30 33 30 32 30 32 30 32 Ct8. CtH. 37 to :!rt 37 38 n 20 36 38 .36 38 38 40 36 38 3(5 38 37 38 40 41 40 41 41 42 42 43 42 43 42 43 43 44 43 44 43 44 44 45 52 55 54 55 54 55 54 55 54 55 52 > 54 51 52 51 52 51 52 51 52 51 53 51 52 51 52 A 52 i .55 52| 55 521 53 52| .53 51 52 41 4.. 41 45 41 45 41 43 40 42 42 44 43 44 45 46 44 45 44 45 43 44 42 43 42 43 42 43 42 43 42 43 37 38 II 27 37 38 Feliriiary li , . u 3 10 17 37 38 37 ,38 37 .18 II 24 40 45 March 3 10 40 45 40 45 17 24 40 45 40 45 33 34 II 29 32 33 October c 32 33 II 13 32 33 II 20 31 32 November II 27 3 10 29 31 27 29 27 29 II II December .1 II ,.., 17 24 1 8 15 27 29 27 29 27 29 28 30 28 3C II 22 28 30 II ....29 30 32 37 3ft 28 30 TRADK AND COMMERCE OP MONTREAL. 95 BARLEY. The receipts and shipments of Barley at Montreal in the past six years, were as follows : — •i-:P' Heoeipta. KnflhelH. \812 129,0<;4 1873 194,872 1874. 175,652 Shipmonts. BuBhelH. 1 1 «,4»B 153,362 45,4"*^ Rooeipts. Shipment?. ISufihelN. Buoheift. 1875 lrtl,;»3r> I7t},ft50 1876 270,677 Jo 1,796 1877 1,230,486 1,0!U,473 The following is a detailerl statement of shipment.s : — 1877. Bush. By River St. Lawrence 1,081,462 Via Montreal and Champlain Railway... 1,649 ViaCoatioook 2,04.'? By Lachine Canal, Quebec strs., &e 6,319 Totals 1,091,473 H76. 62,538 630 ;'.2,i.^7 106,416 1876. Bu8h. 1 ,086 660 J3,951 131,869 1874. Buah. 883 14,214 -'«,723 :s60« 1873. Bush. 1,573 H9,561 •v.j,603 26,025 201,790 187,456 45,426 153,.362 Barley was higher the first month in the year than at any subsequent time, No. 1 commanding then HOc. The same figure was asked in June it is true, l)ut we know of no sales at that figure. The lowest point was r«' ached in August, as was natural, for the new crop, which was of heavy weight though dark in colour, began then to come forward. Th ^ /,^^ :p ■% '/ Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872.4503 # * ;V N>^ ^ % 1 V O \ 96 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. PRICES OF BARLEY IN MONTREAL DURING SIX YEAKS. 1877 1870 1876 1874 1 1873 , 1872 Datk. PerBu8hel|Per B Lishel For Bushel PerB Jshol Per Bushel Per Bushel of 48 lbs. of 48 lbs. of 48 lbs. of 48 lbs. of 48 lbs. of 48 lbs. CtS. CtH. cts. Ct9. $ c. $ c. $ c. $ c. $ c. .$ c. cts. cts. January ... 8 60 to 65 65 tt 1 60 95tol 00 1 on^ci 10 55 to 60 55 tc 60 It ...15 55 60 i 55 60 95 1 00 1 00 ] 10 55 60 56 60 K ...22 55 60 55 80 90 95 1 00 1 10 5i> 60 55 60 It ...29 65 60 65 80 90 95 1 00 1 10 55 60 66 60 Febiuary.... ... 5 57 i 62^ 55 80 87i 921 1 00 1 10 55 60 55 60 ft . .12 57i 62i 56 80 85 90 1 15 1 30 55 60 50 fifl i< ...19 57J 62i 56 80 821 871 1 15 1321 60 60 60 65 II ...26 bli 62i 55 80 82i 071 1 15 1 25 45 60 50 55 March ... 5 571 62i 65 80 771 821 1 15 1 25 46 60 50 • .. (( ...12 67^ 62i 55 80 75 00 1 15 1 25 45 60 50 ■ • . •f ...19 60 65 Nominal, 55 65 80 80 75 70 00 75 1 15 1 15 1 26 1 25 45 46 60 60 50 60 It ...25 ... April ... 2 do 55 80 70 00 1 10 1 15 45 60 60 ... ti ... 9 do 55 80 >* HH W >H 1 F-f w Ph ps 1— 1 M 5-5 H < ^ ei C Q ^ HH <| « u tf (U < J ^^ \^ !zi c 1— I ro a ^ HH H 1-^ H J^, \ < & C ', U^ K £h i 'A i-< ^ 1 tc 1 cc 1 W ' 1— 1 tfi < H m- ¥■ < o c I— I w e 55 o o 0'^ooooooait-i.'5'*e^« W-'l'C^COC M00MC0i-iCOC0iOWf0C0^T»«^'o lo oi o t-^Qq_oo ■^^ ^"^•l,'^ oToo" e^ e^~«^c^o^o"co"t-t- « o^e^ co^co^e'i ©«Tj^ co^ co^ e^i^ ©_ «_ ■^ c^ '^ © ~ •-" oo" •-<' oT c o « Tj< aj_co_o^© rT r-" pT CO ' oo" co~ p'T ' 00 'I -< e^ ?* M O 00 . © ^- O • •«j<© .oiiot}<©oow» •o»©Ne^t-oe".0H«C0t-O5e^COC0t— ©©05C0^-'Oa)^~- . t- t-^ . !--_ ©_^ <^ ®, '^ O u '^^'~"_ '^^ ''t '-fJ. 'I- ^ ^~ '^ '^- '^- ''J. ^ '^ Si- 03 © O lO a V nconH — 03 ;o . c^ 0<© lo ^ (M © m CD 'O in ^ o ■* I- © C5 M s. s i-H t-oooT}(0>'»<'He^ i-irHn-i^'M© J ^ M • • /— '— \ '"' '"' M QQ -4-* • ^ ^ CncO"«*'e-icortCOJO'^ooe)_ 00 lo <;o rH^j— ■^incoen-^«o w I- 00 © Cq-JTjlCO-H^Tj<^00rJlC0O5-^eM-HCOCO-^0OC»'*CflCO©COC0Tt ^^ «o o> © OSOOOe^JIMi— 'i-l©r-l00p-i>-l-«Jt-O5'C5O5»— '-<©t-COCOJt-e* CO 00 O500'Ot-lO00COC0-*00O>f-H«OO5r-lr-l^COCOt-COiOt-<0'tC>JI— > 00 CO 05 »C5O5t-CO©—'0Oe^'^O>e>»i-iTjiO500'^CDCOt~-'^fO5t-'-lCO'^COC^ 32 3 r-( r-ies.-^^co'>-i05t-«nco-H eg pq ««J r^ ^^ r-ii-H i-Hi— 'i-Hi— irHr-H H • X io t- CO ©(M'!j<00COe^CO00COO>O505«C51:-.-.t-o©io-Ho«ooco©'^05co-<'o© a, (1) © CO IM t-mcc ooiCst-o>^i-ioocoe-ic-it-©cocoocoeo©e^ioo5<3io»OTiico m -<— ic .Tfi-'COPOcoi-iooi-(Tfoot-Tf(eOj— t-e fl 4) t-o>co •t-coe©co>-iinevjc}50oiMt^'t©c;OJcooscjC<«co!}-t r-i Tj.-fl t> 0. \n rH cofoosen-^— i-«Ti*i-'e«ot-'^«ne^f0^c^ll-©^Or-lOOlnrtlMoco>QO»ne^coco©Jr-co»ncocomco~(3Joo *Qc«>-«nTj-IOr;©rH i-lCO»nQ0T0O5CO A w r-Te^T -^ -T co"t^e<5"cfi"r «"■<}<" as .t-ooo5-*cooicot-t-ecoo>'^c^ cQOoco>o>-iio©cooco^'i<©©MoiT(-<~>'rco"croo"»crc£r»-"t- oo t3cooot-e-»©orevi'»j-oo05t-oO'-is^iiOi— 'OJ'^ p— i'^ r-ieotjti-i i-aco coiowt-'**- >n©coooiM»nr-iouo CO »o w t- ■•* i-ro'co"cire>r o ©^^co^oq_e^>n^--^o^i« i-T r-T icT m" t-" cT oo" t-" *-^ »n" «o (u co_^03_e-T_'^©_o> ^- co t-^t- •'(■Tt^oo'~■»^^o^■»l^oc^c'^o^co"l^^ot^T(^lf^ot^e>^^n"ot^flo 2oo»c5T(-« 3T»rQo''m''T)'''eC-eni-<'*C0COlOC»*-T* cot-cot-o>m©Tfi©©©i-i©co ©_in_oo <'i,''^^^o^^„ c«r co" oT t-T in'' *-" in~ t^T co" oo" rC u:r oT co"" co" lo" Qo~ m" co" ©" cT oo" oT o05co;jot-©o>i-HincooicooocO'-ocococo»i'coTti i-ie^i-Hi-He^coincoooco«oincoo>05050oaooooi-i- e^: .H CO 00 00 00 ••*" QQC*J©©C0C0O00 t-inTh©coov(Mcomcocooo>-imcoocococo— '■-'CO in-^co>— i05co©ooci-Ht-i-i-iC5t-cot-©inincot- "Ti ."^ OJ_cb t- o>_«o co©t--«*'©QO'-'COco e^i- e^ ''I,"' ^J^. ^'^^^'•f' "J.^T.^'i. o '•- co"icrc(r©~i<^icrTf c'rorc-'i-o>oocooo*-co»— t-osi— i35>nQO©coOi*-coineo»n©^i-ioot-Jc-i>'t-oj©o>oi'-©©moo ' ' t^t H^ IH^ M.4 Ml ^ M>4 a; < oo05©>-'lMco•*mco^-oo05©.-lNco■*lnco^-ooO>©-He^PO■^lnco^- TjnininininininincococococococecococoJ— i>-i— t-*--!— t-*- 000000000000000000 oooooxaoooooQOoooooooonnooooooooaoooQOQO .Ill*' i . 98 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. u> C4 H o :^ 1^ o in « o o o (A o H !?; :5 OQ h4 -«J H O H ^ to aoi- J C4" 'Nrn' p « U M ^5 k « rH t~ © oooiq* 5 S5 s t::^'^ 3? S" S" "=' I a, 5 ^ S " © e4" ©; p CO© o© ?l _p go (P s ■< g « O S5 §8S §« a ^'<»" §■?? IM OT ro lO eS -* 00 00 lO g s'^s'- l~lC SS5 $38 i-r- g ^ OQ (8 S o f2S % i ^ OS r^tOT»<0» •O'W CO rHtC r-«ao pf 00 o CQ « s te N 1^ lO CO »-^ »—co 1-1 CO B5 OS •* Oi S'gt co_ osfjoi ■^^f n s iQ OS to ©l^-^vO 00 — M 00«5<0'-< l- 1-4 © ^OOl— tOS ■ ■ s lO' CO i—i-l S3? CO,® ■3 >>> ooco "3 "3 O O ^ CO *l § C<1 o 5SS g ed $1 23 « to « ,-rg s 00 H P H o 1^ H o & P o o CQ H CU M O » PS < H O H of w ■-" w 90 « is 35 S a a! . PO S ^ I- a,PQ pq © eo 00 I- 00* cf CO g -s M O Pq S © ti3 00 Pj" H P^ o o "C .'^ p; i ^ 8 sJ <^P C4 4) p $a S£ QO 2 s « -a ■4i * "t TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. 9^ H P t— I H O H ft o o CO H ?5 1-- 00 04 I "3 §> M g S M O pq ic^io 0< C> M 01 lOOlM 00 cf & £ o B r-i«OrH • J9 §^ CO r-t ^ OQ « 00 s m 35 OP 00 c^ O ^ ^ s m H O 82S as 88 « f-H O 00 oo ^ oa o ;•< {Dooao't'o O^>CC0r-l til QOO 5^ ©t-H a_ r->i B I los ® I Q ^s -1 1 •-' aC i'~ S •-ir-i 5 I Q 1-1 c^ g^ to a s I J2i s COOD I a I— t CO a> o a CO o si S4' 3 • ^ OQ ss '-' a COIN COU5 2^5 m CO V Q r-iM Si •" o •^eo f-i® clco ui •-4M !ao ujoo -"S^^ *!^i |1S-2xl-g §-§1=3 ill sill g||| o oooo i 9 -a s ^ 1^ 55 o o •M l-i ;i •> i < ? - mf^ mmmmm^mmm 100 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. The following- comprvraiive statement shows the exports via the St. Lawrence to London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Cork and the ]jOwer Ports during the past two seasons : — London. 1876 1877 Liverpool. 1876 1877 Wheat bush . , Corn bush . , Peas bush . Oats bush . Flour brls , Butter kegs. Cheese boxs . , Ashes brls . , 799,687 426,875 431,958 1,902,120 6,287 ],380 22,463 785 570,172 417,679 161,844 120 14,627 6,710 38,202 762 1,638,572 860,401 346,270 631,011 14,700 124,633 407,904 9,296 1,704,740 1,141,405 320,962 290,805 50,163 62,175 338,014 8,544 Wheat bush . . Corn bush . . Peas bush . . Oats bush . . Flour brls . . Butter kegs.. Cheese boxs.. jVshes brls . . GLASGOW. Cork. 187G 1,192,803 1,063,006 217,217 836,469 105,828 33,024 36,975 2,281 1877 1,236,560 1,030.066 198,81d 29,100 62,152 25,572 32,840 2,485 1876 738,084 1,122,793 156,837 102,437 1,284 1877 1,243,115 971,724 208,211 24,360 Lower Ports. 1876 18,538 330 15,703 4,021 275,180 10,358 1,643 2 1877 3,036 1,345 11,276 928 182,543 10,910 2,691 2 TRADE VND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. 101 ASHES. ' . ; . The receipts of Ashes at Inspection Stores in 1877 were a» follows : — ■ « ■ POTS. PEARLS. Date. FirsU. Seconds. Thirds. U.B. Total. 1 Firsts. Seconds. Thirds. Total. January 798 729 750 758 2168 1909 1370 891 856 evo 538 309 34 21 9 17 21 34 40 39 73 41 34 11 13 1 5 ,s 17 25 8 6 109 4 9 13 84P 750 759 775 2190 1948 1423 955 946 1036 580 326 12533 79 115 193 225 346 253 253 135 70 5 10 1 I 12 6 U 84 February 10 March AprU 7 May 116 June July 194 237 August 34(> September 251) October NoTember 25:{ 135 December 70 Totals 12046 374 1078 35 1711 The deliveries of Ashes in the past three years were as follows : 1877. 1876. 1S75. Datr. Pots. 409 556 COO 313 2487 2007 1310 1644 956 1827 962 183 Pearls. Total. 412 568 609 319 2685 2353 1410 1931 1057 2401 1031 308 Pots. Pearls. Total. Pots. Pearls. 74 7 65 38 391 154 .165 327 282 507 192 82 Total. January Febraarv 3 12 9 6 198 346 100 287 101 574 69 125 262 426 391 99 1852 1294 1679 1381 1959 lo63 1633 371 15 9 26 18 151 199 146 167 225 555 107 7 277 435 417 117 2003 1493 1825 1548 2184 2218 1740 378 502 399 70 358 2145 2100 1740 1780 1712 1842 547 119 576 406 March April May 135 396 2536 June 2254 July August 2095 2107 Sentember 1994 October XoTomber 2349 739 December 201 Totals 13254 1830 15084 13010 ! 1625 14635 13314 2474 15788 The trade of the year was again an unprofitable and unsatis- factory one. The receipts were less than in any previous year for a long time past, being 12,533 brls. against 13,544 brls. in 1876, 15,004 brls. in 1875 and 15,026 in 1874. The total receipts of Pearl Ashes were 1,711 brls. against 1,392 brls. in 1876, 2,48d Htll" m iii 102 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. brls. in 1875 and 2,287 brls. in 1874. The total deliveries of Ashes were 15,084 brls. against 14,635 in 1876 and 15,788 brls. in 1875. The stock in store here at thr close of the year was 2,547 brls. against 3,387 brls. on Dec. 3l8t 1876 and 3,086 brls. on Dec. 31st 1875. The shipment to Great Britain was 13,882 brls. an increase of 222 brls. over 1876. The stock of Ashes in Liver- pool on the 31 December 1877, was 2,620 brls. Pots, and 260 brls. Pearls ; and in Montreal there were 1,894 brls. Pots, and 653 brls. Pearls; total, 4,514 brls. Pots and 913 brls. Pearls; or 1,351 brls. Pots, and 309 brls. Pearls less than on the same day in 1876. The business of the year, it will thus be seen, was unsatisfactory, as it had also been in the previous year. Prices were unprece- dently low, and yielded no profit tc manufacturers or shippers. The low range of prices in the past two years has caused a reduc- tion in the manufacture, which makes itself seen in the decreased receipts at this port. The shipments to G-reat Britain were not increased by an improved demand, but by a reduction of stocks here which holders had determined upon, and they were obliged to accept the best prices that could be had. The highest and lowest prices in Montreal during the past two years were : 1877. 1876. Highest. Lowest. Highest. Lowest. Pots— Firsts $4 55 $3 70 Pots— Firsts $4 87J $3 95 Seconds 3 55 3 00 Seconds 3 85 3 10 Third 3 00 2 50 Thirds 2 95 2 30 Pewrils— Firsts 6 25 4 35 Pearls— Firsts ..... 625 4 75 Seconds... Nominal. 1 Seconds ... 4 75 3 75 <> , . . - . -. .. - - ' The followinig table shows the result of the Inspection of Ashes at Montreal for the past ten years : — Teab. 1868. 1869. 1870. 18fl. 1872. 187S- 1874. 18ffi 1876. 1877. rs. PEARLS. Firsts. Seconds. Thirds. U.B. 256 Firsts. Seconds. Thirds. 13,725 2.063 629 5,308 997 27 13,510 1.100 880 67 3,0.52 459 49 12,955 961 289 71 2.623 266 20 12,121 1,138 830 56 2,620 357 6 13,274 1,264 460 87 2,189 493 3 12,632 1.041 3S4 224 1,763 3m 1 12.681 1,042 328 75 2,046 282 9 13,669 1,030 257 58 2,151 3!14 1 J2,n7 705 114 8 1,299 93 12,046 374 100 U 1,676 35 3 5 1 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. 103 The following table shows the Shipments of Ashes to Great Britain in the past five years : — . .• .'. -It' f aiNCK. 1877. Pots A Pearls. 1876. 18;5. 1874. 1873. t Pots A Pearls. Pots. Pearls. PoU. Pearls. PoU. PmhtIs. To LivdTDOol Brls. 8,543 762 2.484 2,091 13,882 Brls. 9,296 785 2,281 1,298 13,660 Brls. 9,787 949 2,090 698 Brls. 963 503 280 125 Brls. 7,771 956 3,639 2,582 Brls. 731 226 80 285 Brls. 5.121 1.258 3,049 4,230 Brb. 444 London 425 GlftSBOW 45 Liverpool via Portland.. .. 494 Totals . 13,524 1,871 14,948 i,:«2 13,758 1,406 'W The Inspector issued the following comparative starement for 1877 :— COMPARATIVE STATEMENT. ' •. FiEMAININO OVER. 1st January, 1877 , Ist January, 1876. Pots. 2,615 2,081 Pearls. 772 1,005 Total. 3,387 3,086 RaCEI?TS. Ist January io 3l8t December, 1877 1st January to 31st December, 1876.. 4 • ■ • • • • ■ 12,533 13,544 Decrease in Receipts DBLIYKBIBS. Ist January to 3l8t December, 1877 .... 13,254 1st January to 3l8t December, 1876 .... 13,010 Increase in DeliTeries . 1,711 1,392 1,830 1,625 14.244 14,936 692 15,084 14,635 449 3l8t .31st December, December. 1877 1876 IN STORE. 1,894 2,615 653 772 2,547 t 3.387 !: 104 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. PRICES OP POT ASHES IN MONTREAL DURING THE PAST TWO YEARS. DATE. January 7 '• 14 •• 21 " 28 February .... 4 " 11 " 18 <• 25 March!'!..! 3 " 10 " 17 " 24 " 31 April 7 " 14 " 21 " 28 May 6 " 12 •» |t> " !!26 June 2 " 9 " Ifi •• 23 " 30 July 7 " 14 " 21 " z8 August 4 " 11 " 18 " 25 September... 1 " 8 " 35 " 22 " 29. October 6 " 13 " 20 " 27 November . 3 " ...10 " 17 " 34 December ... 1 " 8 *' 15 " 22 " 29 18T6. Firsts. Per 100 lbs. 1 0. t c. 65 & 70 65 67i 67? 67j 62i 55 60 40 37J 37j 37J 42^ 42* 42| 37J 20 20 JTi 1.*) 10 00 95 00 00 00 10 10 40 20 30 30 32i 40 40 75 4 87i 4 77j ■ 75 50 45 65 40 30 25 35 15 25 25 27i 40 4 80 4 76 4 72i 4 75 4 80 75 65 60 55 46 45 45 50 50 60 45 30 30 27i 20 20 10 05 05 07i 121 12} 15 50 35 37J 40 40 47i 55 m 97J 85 62i 60 60 80 50 40 35 10 2f^ 30 32i 50 50 Srconds. Per 100 Ibe $ c, • c. 380 Nominal. Nominal. 3 75 3 70 .... 385 3 76 3 70 .... No sales. 3 50 3 55 3 50 3 56 No sales. 360 3 50 3 50 3 60 A to 3 60 350 3 50 3 40 335 3 25 3 15 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10 355 3 40 3 15 3 40 3.30 3 10 3 30 3 20 3 20 3 30 3 35 3a5 3 50 3 75 3 80 seo 3 60 3 30 3 50 ?. bO 3 60 3 30 3 30 3 30 3 10 Nominal. Nominal. 3 30 3 50 3 35 3 'so .'{ .5I> 3 80 3 35 3 40 Thirds. Per 100 lbs. $0. t 0. 9 Nominal . No sales. No sale'. No sales. No sales. No sales. No saleB. Ao sales. No sales. shIcs- sales. sales. 2 80 sales. No No No 2 75 2 75 2 75 No 2 95 260 .... Nominal. Nominal. Nominal. Nominal. Nominal. Nominal. No sales. None. None. None. Nominal. Nominal . Nominal. Nominal. Scarce. 240 2 45 2 4.5 2 50 None. 2 50 .... Nominal. 2 50 Nominal. Nominal. 2 50 250 235 2rfO .... None. None. Nominal . Nominal. Nominal- Note. None. 1877. Firsts. Per 100 lbs. 3 72} Skcondb. Per 100 lbs. to. $ c 000 00 000 360 00 3 50 000 3 60 Nominal. do do do do do do do 3 15 300 3'66 3 '16 3 10 60 60 60 60 60 65 40 3 45 3 35 3 10 io Thirds. Per 100 Iba. $ c. $ c. 000» .... 000 250 000 269 00 2 50 Nominal. do do do do do do do Nominal. do do do do do do do do 2 75 300 300 30O Nominal. do 280 280 Nominal. do 260 2 65 2 65 265 .. 265 Nominal do 265 2 75 265 2&5 260 2 50 2'56 2'7.5 2 75 70 TUADE AND Ct)MMErvCE OF MONTREAL. 103 PRK j:3 of PEARL ASHES in MONTREAL DURING th« PAST TWO YEARS. DATK. 1876. FlHHT PKAHLS Per lOi) Ibx. ? c fl c. January...... 7 4 Ri dH — " 14 No sale.*. 'A Do :H Do February ;i Do •• 11 Do " 18 Do " :;5 4 (',■) March 3 No snles. 11 ■"> 00 " 17 Xo snles. 24 Do 31 l»o Apri! 7 Do 13' Do 21 ! Do 28 I ir, May 5 I No sales. 12 1 Do " 19 I S *J5 " 26 i 5 25 June 2 i 5 iT) — 9 5 ()<.'* 16 487J 23 4 7f. '• 30 I 5(K) July 7 i 480 -■.00 14 4 80 ;") (0 21 5 00 " 28 4 90 AuBUBt 4 485 11 4 8.'> 4 90 18 I 4 7.") 4 85 26 I 4 75 September Ij 4 75 4 85 " 8 I 4 90 500 " 15 i 5 00 •' 22 ! 5 00 " 29 ' 4 90 5 (K) October C , 5 25 6 00 13 6 0*4 20 600 •' 27 6 10 6 15 November 3^ U 25 GOO " 10 6 00 « 10 •» 17 5 00 5 10 " 24 ■ 5 07} ■) 10 December I 5 00 '> 10 8 ' 5 ro 15 530 " 22 5 40 " 20 No sales. SKCdNn Pkakl.s Per 100 IbH. $ c. $ c. Nominal. No sale.". No males'. J* o sale?. No sales. \o sale". No sales. .No sales. ■No sales. No sal )S. •No sales. No sale.". No sales. No sales. Xo sal' s. No sales. 18T7. First Phari.s. I'er lOOIbs. $ c. .$ c. 5 25 ai> 5 3") Nominal. 6 25 Nominal. Skco.so Pkarls. Per 100 lbs. $ e. $(.. (a Nominal. 4 90 5 00 Nominal. No sales. *< No sales. »i No sa'es. •t No sales. •* No sales. •k No sale?. tk No sales. 600 *i Sale on p. t. 5 80 5 90 »t No sales. 5 80 • . . . «t 3 ;5 5 80 • • • • •k Nominal. 5 50 .... li Nominal. 6(0 5 10 *t Nominal. 5 10 It ' 3 ("5 4 05 5 00 t« Nominal. 4i>2i 3 05 4 80 490 4 P5 4 75 4 80 3 75 4 85 4 90 No sales. No sales. 4 75 4 80 •t No sales. 4 50 4 62i •• No sales. 4 50 460 •' No sales. 450 Nominal. ^'o sales- 4 50 4 65 I. No sales. 450 4 55 11 No i No sales. 4a5 4 40 .. No sales. 4 41) • . . . n No sales. 4 45 4 60 .4 No sales. 4 45 450 It 4 75 4 50 ■ • • < t( No sales. 460 • • • . *l No sales. 4 47* 4 47J 4 50 <> No sales. 450 No pales. .... 4 70 No sales. .... 4 70 Hl|(t .;|:i!^ ,:1 8 106 TRADE AND COMMEIU'E OF MONTREAL. OAT AND CORNMEAL. SUMMARY ^TATEMEMT OF RECoilUEI) RECEIl'TS AND SHIPMENTS. Receipt!"... •^hipmcnta. 1877 Brlv. 4(5 :(I5 Hrt,77D 1875 1870 Brl8. Brif. 27.1'8!» 18,0fl6 43,352 i 25,313 1374 »rU. L'0.033 40,025 1873 1872 Ilrl^. I Brii). 18 84-3 HW 41,543 I 2t<,2t>2 TRICKS OF OATMEAL DURING TWO YEARS. W'r.r.K Ending. 1876 'lP'brl.2n01b8. January 8 15 .' 22 20 February 5 12 " lit 25 March 5 M 12 " ID '• 25 April 2 i) 1(5 23 '* 30 May 7 14 21 28 June 4 *' 11 •' 18 25 July 2 $c. S 0. 4 75 (S) 4 85 4 75 4 8) 4 75 4 8) 4 (!5 4 70 4 (>") 4 70 4 (5.^> 4 "0 4 (55 4 70 4 (JS 4 70 4 (35 4 70 4 Co 4 70 4 (>■> 4 70 4 65 4 70 4 (i5 4 7'i 4 (*") 4 70 4 (IT 4 7(t 4 (i;') 4 70 4 (>') 4 70 4 (!5 4 70 4 4-^> 4 (50 4 4-5 4 tiO 4 4.5 4 (iO 4 40 4 (50 4 40 4 CO 4 40 4 HO 4 40 4 (50 4 40 4 (30 1877 tP-brl.aOOlbs. ^V^;^:K E.ndi.vo. $ C. $ 0. 5 30 5 ;V) 5 35 5 40 5 40 5 40 5 45 5 50 5 5 16 50 16 50 16 50 16 50 16 50 17 00 17 50 17 75 18 00 18 00 18 00 17 50 17 50 17 25 16 fiO 16 25 16^5 16 25 16 00 $c. 16.50 do do 17 00 do do uo do do 16 (H) do do d-. 15 75 15 00 15 50 do do do 15 25 do do do 15 00 15 (K) 15 00 16 00 Cm do do do 15 (10 15 00 15 0(» 15 00 15 00 15 00 14 50 14 00 $ c. to 17 00 do do 00 00 th , , ....10 •22 OO •' ....23 22 (10 ik ... ...30 ;^2 (K» .... 7 22 (H» -■.■■.■.■.■'■■■■■■.■.::.. .14 21 5(» It ....21 21 50 it , ....i8 21 00 .... 4 21 fio ...11 20 50 t( ....18 20 25 *^ 25 20 00 T.ilv . .. 2 20 OO " • • .... 9 20 OO (( ,...1<) 20 OO ti ....23 21 OO ** ... ....30 21 00 .... 6 21 50 ** • ... ....13 21 .50 4( 20 21.50 ....27 '22 00 September .... 3 10 22 OO 22 00 a ....17 22 00 a , , . . ... .24 22 00 .... 1 22 00 ti 8 22 00 " .... 15 22 OO <4 22 22 OO 1( ^ ^ 29 22 00 November 6 12 22 00 22 00 if I J75 16 50 1(5 75 22 50 (( i.0 21 50 3 21 2,5 " .... 10 15 50 15 50 16 50 15 00 21 2.5 >( 17 21 2.5 it ... 24 00 00 «i ai 00 00 THE DAIRY PRODUCE TRADE. CHEESE. The Receipts and Shipments at Montreal in the following years were — ^ Year. 1870 -boxes 1871 " 1872 •' 2m " Beoeipts. 78,711 136,609 ]95,a3l 383,821 Shipments. 99,416 194,740 220,522 391,176 Year. Receipts. Shipment^' 1874 boxes 375,903 379,262 1875 " 542,191 542,236 1876 ■' 346,602 501,284 1877 " 261,764 453,107 The receipts in 1877 show a falling off of 94,838 boxes as TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. 109 •compared with the previous year, and the shipments a decrease of 48,277 boxes. Of the total shipments of 411,749 boxes during the season of navigation, 338,014 boxes went to Liverpool, 38,202 boxes to London and 82,840 ooxes to Glasgow. The market was a very quiet one throughout the year, owing partly to the de- crease in the amount of business done. The opening price in June was lO^c. @,ll^c., from which there was a decline to 8c. @ 8fc. in July, and then a steady advance in sympathy with the English market to 12 Jc. @ 13l. in October. There was a reaction in the latter part of the month to 11 ^c. @ 12c., and a recovery to 12c. @, 13c. in November. The business was more satisfactory than in 1876 or 1875, and yielded a larger profit to manufacturers and dealers. ■ . . i(! PRICES OF CHEESE IN MONTREAL DURING THREE YEARS H' Date. 1877 i 1876 Pfcilb. I Per lb. ■June .Jaly. August. 4 .11 .18 .25 .. 2 .. 9 .16 .23 .30 .. 6 .13 .20 .27 0^3. Ct8. CtS. CtS. 11 (© 12 lOi 11 n u 9i 10 8 ■ 9 8 83 8J 9 9 10 9 93 H 10 91 10 9 9J 10 m 9. 9i a 9 8! 8i 8j I r- I i 'i'i 8 8 ©lO 10 9i 10 9i 9 a 8| «] A 8i 1870 Per lb. cts. cts. lOi (a> 13 10 00 10 Idi lOi 10 10 10 m lOj 10 9.'r 00' Date. 1877 Per lb. September ... 8 " 10 lOi- " 17 11 I " 24 11 I October 1 lOfi •' 8 loll " ...'...15 ; cts. cts. 12 ! 12 • I nil 13 12i lOi loi lol 1(4; 9.1. 22 " 29 November 5 " 12 " 19 " 26 12 11 lU 12* 12 L3 ! 13 ! 12 13 lU 12 ; \n 10 lU 12 12 12 : i 12 1 13 i j 18" ■|j Per lb. ots. cts. 8 8il 9 10 11 12 11 12 11 12 11 12 11 12 11 12 11 12 11 12 JOi 11 12 13 12 13j 1875 Per lb. N.. BUTTER. ' ■ . The following is a statement of Receipts and Shipments at jVIontreal in the past eight years : — Tears. 1870 1871 1872 1873 Receipts. • kegs 98.316 161,(i41 131.429 130,187 Shipments. 07,650 li».3.]o4 322.703 158,048 Years. V-74.... 3.S75 ... 187()..., 1877.... ■ kegs Receipts. S^ ,/ments 93,060 161.812 l;{9.5(')!t 124,995 99,341 147,509 194,741 130,343 - The shipments in 1877 were 58,617 kegs less than in the previous year, and the receipts 14,740 kegs less than in 1876. Of the total quantity of 105,381 kegs exported during the season 110 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. of navigation, 62,175 kegs were sent to Liverpool, 25,572 kegs to Glasgow, and 10,910 kegs to the Lower Provinces. The condition of the butter and cheese trades was reversed in 1877 ; in the pre- vious year, butter had been fairly profitable, and cheese unpro- fitable, but in 1877 cheese yielded a fair return, while butter was a constant source of loss to dealers. The chief cause of the de- cline in the price was the appearance in the English market of large quantities of oleomargarine or imitation butter, sent there from the United States and the Continent, and which sold at about one-half the price of the real article. The imitation butter looks well and has been extensively purchased by the poorer classes on account of its cheapness. Of the butter (or what ha» been retailed as butter) consumed in Britain during the past year, it is said that 70 per cent, has been butterine, shipped from the continent of Europe and from the United States, and, we are informed, some shippers have brought the stuff into Canada from Chicago, in bond, branded the word " Canada " on the packages and re-shipped it to Britain as Canadian butter. The season of 1877 was an unfavorable one for butter-making and really good butter was scarce. Unfortunately nearlj'' all our heavy operators held their butter through the summer, apparently not knowing the part butterine was playing, but expecting a demand to spring up in the fall. When Autumn came, their butter did not look so well, did not taste as well, and would not sell as well as good butterine. In December the dark days came; the butter had 1o be shipped and SDld at from 40/ to 80/, and the stampede has continued till now. The stock in Montreal throughout the fall was unusually heavy, and the only way to reduce was by sacri- ficing it in the English market as buyers could not be found at any price here. The serious loss incurred by those engaged in making and handling butter in 1877 has directed attention to the necessity for producing a better article, and one that will ieep and in consequence of this, it is thought that more attention will be paid to quality hereafter. ^ --r :^^^u'.A-:- rmi' TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. Ill .-.i PRICES OF BUTTER IN MONTREAL. Datk. April 7 •* 14 " 21 " '^S May 5 " 12 ** 19 •' 26 Jun« 2 '• 9 " 16 •• 23 " 30 July 7 " H " 21 " 28 AuffUBt 4 •• 11 " .... Id 1877 Per lb. 15 a 22 15 22 1( :'5 14 :5 U 1'3 2.» 23 19 22 19 22 18 20 17 19 16 19 16 19 15 19 15 19 15 19 16 19 15 19 16 20 17 2U 17 22 1876 Per lb. 0. 0. 17® 24 17 24 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 22 20 22 17 21 16 20 16 20 16 20 16 20 16 20 16 19 16 19 16 19 16 19J 17 20 17 20 17 21 1875 Per lb. c. 14 & 17 14 18 14 14 14 19 19 19 19 19 18 18 18 17 17 17 17 18 18 19 18 J8 18 22 22 22 22 22 22 21 20 20 20 20 20 21 22 22^ Datr. August 25 September — 1 '• 8 " 15 •' 22 » 29 October .... 6 " IS •' 20 " 27 November — 3 " 10 •* 17 " 24 Droember .... 1 " 8 " 15 " 22 " 29 1877 Per lb. c. c. 17» 22 17 21 17 17 17 16 16 le 12^ 21 21 2U 22] V21 22 12} 22t 12 214 21i 12 21 12 > 21 10 20 lOj 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 1876 Per lb. 17 & m 17 22 17 17 18 20 18 18 17 17 18 18 16 16 16 15 15 15 16 22J 22] 25 25 24 25 25 26 27 27 26 26 2« 25 24 24 24 1875 Per Ibv e, 0. 19 & 221 19 22i Mini : ^ it-r. V THE GROCERY TRADE ]V . . (. • ' : I.. TEA. The following is a statement of the quantities and values of Teas imported at Montreal during- the past ten years: — -^0^, h CALKNbAR Ykar. 1863 1869 1870 1871 1872 Tea- Value. Lbs. $ 3,847,652 1,293.635 6.241,225 1.959.595 6,2rt9,06l i 1,84().601 5.285,4'?3 1,564.977 7,947,428 2,703,214 Id Bond Shi Dec. Lbs. 2,050/i67 2,711574 2,064,519 ?,1,639 Calendab Year. 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 Tea. Value. Lbs. 5.095,251 5.323,121 3758.929 5,216,562 3,308,575 $ 1,663,387 1.691.414 1.189,831 1,402,901 754..523 In Bond 3l8t Dec. Lbs. 104,948 1,170.102 1,108.238 923.196 759,460 The average cost of Tea imported in 1874 was 31c. per lb.; in 1875, 30c., in 1876, 27c., and in 1877, 22^c. This shows a steady decrease in the price of Tea. The quantity imported in 1877 was 1,847,987 lbs. less than in 1876, and less than in any year since 1867. This great decline in the business is due to I 112 TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL two causen : the prevailing depression and American competi- tion. In 1870, the import had been considerably increased in anticipation of an increase in the duty, and importers had ex- cessive stocks throughout the year, which doubtless accounts also in a measure for the small importation in 1877. There was literally no excitement and no speculation in the market in the year under review. Prices had been declining for so long that dealers would not incur the risk involved in carrying heavy stocks, and even extremely low price: ^eJdom induced merchants to purchase more than they required for current wants. The competition which the impoiters of the United States have entered into with Canadian dealers, continues to be a cause of loss of trade to Montreal. Throughout the year, travellers fiom New York and Boston were constantly to be found peddling their teas in Ontario and enjoying the free use of our markets, and they succeeded in wresting a large portion of Ontario trade from Montreal merchants. The absence of a differential duty against the United States is still a source of complaint against the Grovel^nment. When the discriminating duty of ten per cent, on teas imported from the United States was in opera- tion, a direct trade with China and Japan sprang up and pro- mised to assume important proportions. Our importers were able to keep the trade in their own hands and make a fair profit, but since the abolition of the ten per cent, duty, the import trade has again been transferred to the United States, and a large part of the Canadian business transacted from Boston and New York, instead of from Montreal as formerly. In February 1877, the Government, for revenue purposes, imposed an addi- tional tax of 2c. per lb. on Tea, making the duly Gc. per lb. on Green and Japan, 5c. per lb. on Black. TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL 118 SUGAR. , ■ '■'■•' ...../■, The following statement shows the quantity and value of Sugar and Molasses imported into Montreal during the past ten years : — . . ( YEARS. ]8t^8 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 MOLASSKS AND CasE JuiCK. SuflARS. Quantity. lbs. 21.685,(528 28,:»'J,438 38,283,0;t3 2,464.806 10,418,666 ■ ltt.84<),914 18.134 677 15..379,374 15,134,3;?7 10,772,102 Value. I ; Quantitj-. $ fil3,r)40 724,524 884,147 144,284 119,.'>82 391,261 424.4f!6 2.59,(185 229,795 22«.153 lbs. .^8.0.'n.680 2it,<>31.()68 r.l,8.=>7,74l a'^.966.334 3(),853,.320 3«,680,();<) 48,729,790 .50,542,078 3;^073,0.S8 24.282,724 Value. $ l,fi87,78.5 1,41.5,418.") 2.342,.539 1,758,597 2,428,254 1,682,198 2,<>52,655 1.048,742 1.659,137 l,.56».5i'« 1(11' I it il!' The quantity and value of Sugar remaining in bond on Dec. 31st, during the past eight years, were as follows : — Years. 1870 1871 1872 1873 Quantity. Value. lb.<<. 17.7(J5,170 8.293,874 12,273.8(>2 11,954,024 $ 807.201 390.467 •^1 1,432 5;35,710 Years. Quantity. lb« Value. 1874^ ' 10,30^,607 ' "• i 7,14 '.iKk) 4.11)5.267 1875 1876 1877 3,69J,2G1 $ 472,222 280.441 237,8;{5 208, Ms5 It will be noticed that the quantity imported in 1877 Was less than in any previous year since 1867, and less than one-half of the quantity imported in 1875. Moreover the great bulk of the quantity imported in the year under review was from New York and Boston, whereas in preA'ious years, large quantities have been imported directed from producing countries as will be seen by the statements in the first part of the work under the head of *' Sugar Trade of the Dominion." The cause of this revolution in the trade was the closing of the Sugar Refinery in Montreal, in May 1876. Prior to that date sugar consumed in Canada was nearly all refined in Montreal, the raw sugar being imported direct from Cuba and other countries, but the trade of Montreal in refined white Sugars, has been thrown completely into the iii . ots. 93 & 10 9 9} lOj 8} 10 8J Per lb. Ctl". CtP. 9i & 9i 9 8i §1 8i 1876 Porto Rico. Per lb. cts. cts. 8 (S) 81 8 8] n 75 8i 8 Si 8 Ti 8| Cuba. Per lb. cts. cts. 7 (SI ^4 62 6J i 7i 7} 1878 Porto Rico. Cuba Per lb. cts. cts. 81 & 8i 7i '^' '4 1* Per lb. Cto. cts. 7| a 8 71 7 6i oi TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTRKAL. US S^LT. The following is a statement of the quantity and value of Salt imported at Montreal during the past six yet 3ars : — YEAR. Quantity. Buihels. 1872 i 23,004 1873 1 4:«.085 1874 330,542 Valuk. $ r).806 77.864 50,567 YEAR. 1875. 1876. 1S77. Quantity. Bushels. 162.712 326.275 271,387 Valur. $ 32,0»i2 4!»,1T3 46,711 ^ The following table shows the prices of coarse Salt in Mont- real during thev past three years : — DATE. April May JUIM July August — September October- . ■ . Noramber. December. COARSE. 1877 Per bag. ots. 56 h2i 524 50 55 70 75 & ct«. 57 55 52 65 60 75 80 1876 Per bag. 0t8. 66 60 524 56 57i 63 M 66 60 (9 Ots. ^3 62 5T 58 30 54 54 60 1875 Per bag. cts. & 67i R5 70 73 66 53 60 Ctfl. 70 70 70 70 75 7.'i m\ fi5 65 The trade in Fine Salt in 1 877 was almost nil, and factory- filled appears to have taken its place to a great extent. At the opening of the year factory-filled was quoted at $1.00 @, 1.10, but in February and March there was a gradual advance to $1.30 @, 1.50; in April a pressure to sell caused a decline to $1.25; in May new Salt was selling ex-ship at $1.00 @, $1.05, and in June sales were made to arrive a 95c. @, $1.00 ; in August, a decline to 90c. occurred, followed by a gradual advance in September and October to $1.00 @, 1.05, and in November $1.10 was the current quotation. Coarse Salt ruled in 60c. @, 65c. for the first quarter of the year, and then in April and May, fell off gradually, in anticipation of new stock to 47 Jc. @, 50c. at the close of the latter month. In the following four months the market was quiet and steady at 50c. @, 55c., but in October, the market was cornered the stock having become concentrated, and an advance to 65c. was made. In November, with no addition to stock, an advancet to 70c. was made, and later 75c. @, 80c. was obtained. j.-; f lie TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. DRY GOODS. The; following" comparative list show.s the value of certain descriptions of dry goods imported at Montreal during the past iive years : — Dkbcuiption. Cottons, Yarns and Warps. Linens Woollens Carpet!) and Hearth Rugs. . . llat.-4, and Caps Hosiery Shawls . . Silks, Satins and Velvets. . . Parasols and Umbrellas — ,802 252,702 215.185 ."0:»584 317,723 2-'>().4L'4 2(57,5(53 41.5(i.j 53.3(58 ()22.079 5(50 791 i;«.3y the extremely small cost of visiting the city. The fall trade was undoubtedly satisfactory, and a substantial improve- ment on Ihe previous years, but with the close of October a less hopeful condition of affairs set in. The weather was altogether too mild in November and December, cheeking in a serious measure the sale of heavy goods, while continuous wet weather, rendered the roads impassable and prevented farmers from bringing ther produce to market. The bright outlook in Septem- ber and C/ctober was greatly diminished in the succeding two months, and the year closed with remittances backward ; retail iailures increasing and large stocks of winter goods, distributed throughout the country, unsold. An event of some importance at the close of the year were the failures of Jno. Fraser and W. S. Wood & Co. The export of Linen manufactures from the United Kingdom to the Dominion of Canada in the past three years was as fol- fows : — QUA.VTITIES. Vam'E. 1875 1 1876 1877 1 1875 1876 1877 1 ir-^V^^'ilibl.?- !•; ■•■■ Lbs. *^* ' 7,366,42*) <;, 109,240 Lbs 6,761,800 £ 19I),107 £ 157,532 £ 165,116 ■''*' Reviewing the trade of the year with Canada, the Belfast Linen Trade Circular says : " Although the business done with this country last year was probably not more than that of the previous year, there were evident signs of a recovery from the commercial depression of the past few years, and the position of the trading community is steadily improving. There is, at the same time, a growing leeling in monetary and commercial circles here that business with Canada, to be on a thoroughly sound basis, should be done on shorter credit than that now usually ^iren in this market." ,i ,j^ .y^j ili^t, i. ,iVirf}..|vk:*iit :r k';--': v:, TRADE AND COMMERCE OF MONTREAL. 119 MARINE. Navigation opened at Montreal in 1877, on April 17th ; on April 20th, the ships Lake Erie and Glenbervie, arrived in port, being the first from sea. Business fairly commenced on the first May, but the arrivals from sea during the spring and summer mouts was not so great as in some previous years, but the arrivals in Autumn were a fair average, and considering the depressed state of trade all over the world the year's business compares favorably with preceding ones. Out of 613 sea-going vessels that»were engaged in the trade of the port during the season, 27fi of tnem were built of iron of the aggregate tonnage of 207,884 tons, and 237 built of wood of the aggregate tonnage of 78,976, composed of the following nationalities, numbers and tonnage : — Nationalities. No. TONNAGK. DritiKh 471 24 ■A » 3 1 1 1 3.50,157 1 3.932 Nurwctcian AuKtriau .' 2,021 United StattH IjSS.'i Ocnnan 1)87 Swedisli 84!) I'ortugucsc 400 Italian Totals f)i:s 37(5,8&J These vessels were navigated by 12,654 seamen. • v I Comparative Statement, showing the numbers and tonnage of inland vessels that arrived in port the following years, with the dates of the greatest number in port at one time : — Years. No. of Vessels. 1854, 1855, 1856 1857. 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 4,251 3,281 3,311 3,726 4,124 4,198 4,558 5,247 4,875 4,697 Tonna^;e. Greatest No. in port. 323,578 312,001 384,467 429,532 343,224 459,065 348,662 530,224 523,991 534,740 57 Oct. 22. 6i Nov. 11. 9) Oct. 18. 98 May 19. 106 Oct. 25. 123 Sept. 26. 91 June 1. 196 June 10. 164 Nov. 1. 197 June 30. 120 TRADE AM) CO.MMEUCE OF MONTREAL. Y K A 118 — Contin ued. 1804 1 805 1800, 1807, 180H IrtOit 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1870 1877 No. of VcMHt'lll. 4..10«» 4,771 5,08:$ .•>,:'48 .%82'_' ft,5U0 o,:j4.'» 0.878 7,150 0,761 0,85.') 0,178 0,(t8;j 0.333 Tonnngo, 420,Of)4 020,550 013,07!! 744,477 740.;t27 721,324 810,470 824,787 !>:{0,782 i)33,402 960,837 8n,41(» 7HO,08:t 847,978 GrcatoHt Nu. in port. 220 Sf'pt. e. 205 Hopt. 6. 240 Oft. 14. '.424 Oit. 31. .Fune 22. Nov. 5. Oct. 0. Oct. 0. Oct. 21. .Jun%8. 301 Juno 14. 2.50 Auur. 4. 202 Nov. 9. 258 Oct. 3. ?!>7 259 25.^ 281 309 29() Comparative Statement, showing the dates of the openin**" and closing of navigation, first arrival from sea and the last de- parture for sea the following years : — Ybarh. Opening of Navig. 1854 1855 1850 1867 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1866 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1876. 1876 1877 Close of Navig. April II i< II .1 .1 11 II II II II II I. li II II II II May April II May April 25 28 24 18 9 •1 10 24 23 'it, 13 10 19 22 17 25 18 8 1 25 25 3 27 17 Dec. .1 12 1. 3 K 13 It 12 II 11 il 7 II 22 .1 7 II 12 II 11 II 10 1. 15 li 6 it 9 II 6 l< 18 • 1 1 l( b Nov. 26 Dec. 13 Nov. 29 Dec. 10 Dec. 31 First from sea. May 30 II 9 April 30 May 1 April 30 May 3 April 30 11 27 ii 28 May April 28 May 3 II 1 II 4 147 169 138 I'-M 78 Total MA 727 702 7MI 042 002 fil3 The total uiunhrr ol" ocean vessels^ in i)ort and their tonnage during the past twenty-lour years was as i'ollows : — Vkakh. Total of VcssoIh. Toiiiiugc ' '/ Oii-atfHt No. in port lit on<; timt'. 1864 368 1855 107 1856 247 5857 227 1858 225 1859 230 1860 259 1861 574 1832 :,.i 1863 504 1864 378 1865 358 1866 516 1867 164 1868 478 1869 551 1870 680 1871 664 1872 727 1873 702 1874 731 1875 642 187G r>02 1877 513 7o,'jl(i 48.154 71.321 »;7,74(> 78,800 04,660 121,550 261,793 265,243 209,222 161,901 152,943 205,77.'. 199,053 198,759 259,863 316,816 351,721 .398,80(1 112,4;8 423,423 386,112 391,180 376.8.59 21 Dec. J 6. 30 June 14. 26 .luiif 9. 26 June 13. 22 Juno 5. 23 June 3 35 Oct. 7. 02 Jme 6. 78 ()(t. 16. 86 Jun«! 13. 32 June 23. 42 Oct. 19. ^1 June 13. 59 Oct 24. .M June 21, 61 Nov. 4. 62 June ''0. 89 Oct. 27. 84 Oct. 30. 84 Aup. 28. 76 Julv 6. 60 Aug. 18. 61 Julv 24. .V) Oct- 19. k r , i 122 tkapt: and roMiviERCE of MuNTREAL. - mrORTS AND EXPORTS. The value of Impoits at Montreal dnringr the past eleven y^arfs, wns as follow\s mi , mo 18)1 1912 18t3 J8V4 1875 187C * 1877 $28 22 24 31 35 45 40 44 35 23 28 ,378,11': ,'. 17,904 ,097,648 .504,861 ,504,334 675,016 ,714,179 ,027,704 ,106,948 ,890,836 ,283,.306 The following is a Staiem«mt of the value of Exports from Montreal, in 187f) and 1877 :— Produce of the M inf Produce of the Fisheries Produce of the Forest Animalfi and their proiluce Agricultural products 11 ,483,284 Manufactures MiBoellaneouK 1876. 1877. f 1 73,283 % 128,872 5,604 3><,479 776,918 1,090,254 '■.,960,555 0,139,22,^ 11,48.3,284 • 14,295,744 716,237 l,110,04f^ 31,9.59 1 59,20;. Total ; $20,147,829 ij522,90I.82.^ The value of exports in 1875 was $19,932,233. To these ^ figures have to be added the value of exports via St. Johns and Coaticook, whioh is about $4,000,000 per annum. m ADVEKTISKMENTS. 123 ESTA.BX.X8H: El ID 1830, (LIMITED), MONTHEAL and TOHOITTO, <•: t>y-- Are now prepared to execute orders for every article required by Printers. They wHl be happy to send Price Lists and Estimates, and feel warranted in - (.B.) Standard Now Era, Charlottetown, P.E.I. The Herald, '• " The Island Argus, " " The Review, Peterborough The Am prior Review Addtngton Reporter Gait Reporter Both well Times ^x*--'--'^ • ::^M3:I VVelland Telegraph New Dominion, St. John, N.B. Journal, St. Marys - Conservator, Brampton ' Progress, Unionville O '^1* a 124 ADVERTISEMENTS. "To carry out the crodit rtystenrintellif'cntly un m C ADVKRTISEMRNTS. ]3]KS'I(i;aiKH^ DESIGNING AND WOOD ENGRA VI NG Hook Illustrations, MACHiXERv, Akchitkctiral Work, Lahkls t'lJKOMO'HYI.OURAPHY. or Wood Enicrnvingr *■> 4'olorH, Waohintsry, Stoves, Pianos, iMolodeoii.s, Agr -ulturul Jmidonn.Tts, Store Fronts, VieWH, Mjiiiuraotories, Hotelei, Streets, from photoirraphH or sketcties. Ijiibels for Maniit'iicturcrN iiinl DniuKists. Hillhuiuls, LetterheudH, Ornunientiil '.Vork, Borders, Shi|!i)inK and Show Cards. Ac, ic. llXI'STRATlONH KOIl NkWSI'APERS MITH THK I'ROMPTNKSS THK PrKSS DkMAVDS. JAMES L. WISi'MAN, 626 Craig Street, Montreal. Electrotyping, Stereotyping, and Cigar Brands), at shortest notice. ESTABLISHED IHS^'i. B. JEIiLTMAN, MANUFAOTTTREll OF ALL KINL>!5 OF PAPEH BOXESS. 582 CRAIG STREET, and COTE STREET, Next Theatre Royal, MONTREAL. The Canadian Rubber Company of Montreal. MANDFACTCRERS OF ME RUBBER SHOES AND FELT BOOTS Belting, Steam Packing, Fire Engine Hose, Smooth Bore Suction, Carriage Cloths. Carriage Bumpers, Conducting Hose, 4, a-.-^.'i J Improved Carbolized Hose, Steam Hose, j r " f ■ i ii I iFactoryT PAPfNEAUllOUARE. f^^l iA -^ OFFICE, 335 ST. I^AIJL STREET. MONTREAL. CANAL IRON, NAIL & SPIKE WORKS. I ESTABLLSHED 1888. ^ PECK, BENNY & CO., PROPRIETORS. .,. . MANUFACTURERS OF BAIIiROAD AND SHIP SPIKES, CUT NAILS, vV^lflK Clinch, Patent Pressed & Horse Nails. *^ i^iJ i f ■■; JKI.S niifiiptories, liillhcuds, lontreal. DYAL, real. DOTS ction, BAL. ' S. roRS, ILS,