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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 : 4 5 6 « '■ . c> d 1%, 1y '?. it I '•II jiih^ fc* . j , «y «4«»yj>^'> 'r*^ ■I ■♦«(*-♦<»« ■,■-*.•■■ *„■■ .^i^iiaw^. r%4 iU A •■«,v:#'' —^ ^»/ •M«K««»««if I- 'i lH | f ''.»ll l> »!*i|«l« X, ^ I / I' k ■J(|/«MWI;",M ■<".x»«rt»l(^-.t»«»" ly?. ,.vV .«r N"' ,-i* ' ,,N' ../•"' •.J "'.' . " •* ^^ M ^x. > /- 'Sffa' w '^ «»: a •■sw'Tdsr v o j V- •'"' •^■•■ ' ^ ■>, M. Teety, Rjchuiond Hill -,M-^^ ^^'^^i^. '"'J'lW. w. .«««»»*■ ill « i .i/^i^ ROBERTSON'S CHEAP SERIES. POPULAR READING AT POPULAR PRICES. SKETCHES IS CITY CHCRCHES, Reprinted from The Evening Tel eg rant, with the original Illustrations. COUPLET E, TORONTO ; J. ROSS R0BERTf30N, 55 KING STREET WEST. OORNER BAT: 188a , 1^ \ '^ i 4 r'' 45431 'x — ' ^ ^ 1 r ■ mv x^ "^■' "^ ■^... K M. Teefy, A w' f •4 - 11 •• >4" P • ... t^ OID HILL F ti:eif .A.G E^ Th subject matt«^r of this bo )k originally appeared in a series of articles printed in Th'' Ereniiuj Tele'jram. It is the first time in the history of Toronto th it tiie churchoa of thy city hav,' been so authentically and carefully written. K icli article contains a photojrap'uc likeness of the pistor and of the exterior ami interior of tlie cluircii, to- gether with a mass of historical facts that makes the bjok valuable as a mere book of re- ference. The origin of ea h churc i is carefully trace. 1. a full description of tiic building is yiven, beautiful and impressive services are minutely describ -d ; in short, a variety of historical, descriptive and incidental matter i-. here offered that eoiinnends thi- bonk uni- versally. The articL-s wore written and illustrated at gieat expense, but the lji,">k is jnesented to t!ie f)ubl c at a p-ice that brings it within tlu reach of all, ami it is pr.s 'nted in the faith that it- m.'rits will comm nd it to the rcailcr. THKIR ADVAN CATIOI Ti: '-TEI TllK SI ) '\ 5 :' ■ 1 li '« • " *» ^ L priiiteil in churchea contains a iiirc-li, to- »i)()lv of I'C- e Uiiil.iiiijr Viiriety of )io(ii< iini- K' Ijonii ii) pi V» Mitt! J SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. CHURCHES OF THE CITY. Til KIR I'ASTOBS AND PEOPLE — ORIGIN AND ADVANCE OF THE METROPOLITAN CONGRE- GATION — AN EVENING SERVICE ILLUS- ri: VTED BY PEN AND PENCIL — POINTS IN TlIK SERMON. RKV. E, A. STAF70RD. At the north -west corner of Queen and Church streets is the property formerly known as the McGill square, and on whicn is now erected the magnificent Metropolitan Methodist church. The architectural style is (iothic, of the French type, impoaing and yet graceful. The building is constructed iifter a draught prepared by E. Langley, and was put up oy Colin Searing ; it is built of white brick, with stone dressing, is 208 feet ill its entire length and 70 feet wide j it is 80 feet in height, and the tower is 18() feet to the top of the pinnacles. It is a model of architectural beauty, and being entirely iso lated from other buildings its symmetrical proportions are more readily appreciated. It is one of the principal objects of interest to all visitors, and with its well-kept and spacious lawns never fails to elicit admira- tion. A COSY CHURCH. For elegance, comfort and convenience tin; interior is in keeping with the architectui.il beauty of the exterior. The audience cham- ber is spacious, and yet it gives one the feel- ing of cosiness due, doubtless, to the rics ; ,4 *■ •♦• SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. nine of which are each 16 feet ; and one of 53 Hpealting stops gives a 32 foot pipe effect. It is the largest and moat complete organ in the Dominion, and cost, including the water engine and blowing apparatus, (15,000. An idea of its greatness is seen from the fact that the organ of the great Strasbourg cathe- dral has only 46 stops, and that of the Tern- ])le Church, of London, 47. Mr. F. H. Torrington presides with iiiiigJ terful skill ; with a thorough knowledge ol its construction and with the ability to deJ velop its possibilities, the noble instrument controlled by his manipulation grandlj voices the praise due to Him to whom it service is (iedicated. OKKilN l»K THK M KTROPOLITAX. Seventeen years ago .it the corner of Ado- THE METROPOLITAN CHUBCH. laide street and Toronto was a Methodist church under the pastorate of Rev. Wm. Stephenson. For necessary reasons the building was sold to the Loan Company, now still in possession. Drs. Rose, Ryersoo, Taylor and runshon, the latter President of Wesleyan Conference, originated a scheme to select representative men from the trustee boards of the city Methodist churches with the view of building a large church which should, more than any other, be a strong- hold of that denomlnatioii in tida city. Meetings were held and sach r^Mresentatives appointed and organised Into a board of trustses with Mr. James Paterson, from the Kichmood street church, Mr. W. T. MaaoD u uid Mr. A . W. Lauder as the financial com- mittee. These three gentlemen, the last two named now deceased, purchased the property and conducted all the financial operations of the new movement which has resulted in the erection of a building which is the pride of Canadian Methodism to-day. So great is its pride in this denominational monument that the general cause of Metho- dism was not only glorified by its erection^ but its arohiteotore and eeneral arrangement were imitated in other places and it stimu- lated and built up Methodiam in the Domin- ion to a very graat extent. OTHER FiyANCIAI. HKB0E8. The original purpoae was to sell that part of the s loti< and fund. H ticing spi] and htleli^ Punshon, M as com Wood w tee, in seel 9U ranee money w Dcr cent Iiekl this l] new coriK of the b organ, w tcntion w ^0,000, h under th reached fo on under c •dists them scheme a work app ti nances w luically eA ed itself the issue o cess When tl to see Mr they delay( Gentle for I may 1 Shortly i awai'e that it Ivas been Catholics 1 that piece sponsibilit the opport ! generously ' a reductio: to about If Most o from the J In the I Gill squa built and shipped u The cot 1870. and in 1S7'2, V late \V. 1 Paterson surer. E Dr. Potta and now High n ability — ' from the .s I 'cesa is lee with ni,ig knowledge o Eibility to (le e instrunieni ion grandl; to whom iti »LITAM. orner of Ade SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. ancial cnm- the last chased the Bnanoial which has ding which Bm to-day. minational of Metho- erection^ rangement it Btimu- b« Domin- that part of the aquare next Queen street for villa lott< and use the income for the building fund. However, by means of the self-sacri- ficing spirit of this committee, its energy and hdelity and the noble efforts of Dih. Funshon, Ryersoti and others, the building was completed without this sacrifice. Dr. Wood was instrumental, with this commit- tee, in securing a loan from the Star Life In- surance Company at six per cent, when money was rated at nine per cent, and eleven T>cr cent. The Bank of Montreal, which field this land by mortgage, sold it to the new cornoration for 126,000. The total ccst of the building, including 115,000 for the organ, was about $180,000. At first the in- tention was to put up a building for about $40,000, but as the work went on it grew under the pressure of necessity until it reached four times that sum. And it went on under considerable protest from Metho- dists themselves who considered the whole Kcheme a most extravagant one. As the work approached its termination and the Unances were skilfully arranged and econo- iiiiciilly administered the opposition narrow- etl it.self until it entirely disappeared and the issue of the scheme proved a grand suc- cess. IN(:[PIKNT IVCIDKNTS. When the Committee on Purchase went to see Mr. G. W. Yarker about the land they delayed buying until he said : " Gentlemen, you must decide very soon, for I may be able to sell the land." ISliortly afterwards the committee became awivie that there were probable buyers (and it Ivis been thought since that the Roman Catliolics had a longing in the direction of that piece of land) so upon their own re- sponsioility they bought the property lest the opportunity might escape. Mr. Yarker generously secured, by his recommendation, a reduction in the rate of interest amounting to about 1500. Most of the original membership came from the Adelaide street church. In the ravine which then ran through Mc- Gill Mquare a temporary tabernacle was built and in this the new congregation wor- 8lii])|)ed until the church was hnished. Tho corner stone was laid August 24th, 1870, and the church was opened for service in 1S7'2, with Rev. Dr. Potts as pastor, the late W. T. Maison aa treasurer, and James Paterson as pew steward, and later, as tnea- B»irer. Dr. liriggs was the next pastor, then Dr. Potts again, then Rev. Hugh Johnston, and now Rev. E. A. Stallord. High moral purpose, fidelity, energy and al)ility— these made the movement a success from ilie very start, and very much of the .-^1 cess is due to these (lualities as exhibited ' by Rev, Dr. Punshonu The number of mem- bers at present is 800. METROPOLITAN MONKY MATTERS. The principal officers at present are J. B. Willmott, t.easurer, Wm. Lawrence, pew steward, T. G. Mason, secret«ry. The " envelope system " is the one in ane to col- lect pew rent'», although liberty is given the subscribers, of whom there are about 200, to pay as suits their convenience When the reports of the last fiscal year were made it waa shown that $4,1.39 43 were received for pew rents and $.'},462 99 from collections ; the Ladies' Aid Society collected $1,4.*>S 97, the Sabbath school contributed |838 (Hi and, besides this, raised ^554 38 for missions ; $012 47 were raised for the poor, and $3,.382 were subscribed towards the cimrch debt. During the Conference year, 1885-6, $17,- 712 98 were contributed for local purposea and $5,921 19 to the missionary and other societies of the Methodist connexion, making the contribution for one year $2.'i,ti.S4 17. AN KVKNISO SKHVUM;. The Sunday evening before Thanksgiving day waa just cri.sp enough to make a brisk walk to church enjoyabli'. The streets were thronged with people winding tlieir way to the church of their selection wliile from all quarters of the city the ciiiniing l)ells made the air melodious. The peals eama from the belfry where hung the vocal monster conse- crated by bishop and priest ; they came from lofty turrets whose cross-erowned pinnacles buried themselves in the star-lit neaviais ; they came from the rude tower of the un- pretending chapel on the outskirts of this "city of churches;" now with sonorous sound and then with sweetly running caden- ces ; now with a clangour almost rude and yet all ringing together with a harmonious blending that made tho air tremulous with sweet sound. ^ Down into the heart of the city amid this flood of melody, and following the current of church-goers, a reporter found himself in the gallery of the Metropolitan church. An usher, composedly leaning against a pillar, was asked : " Are the seats free ?" " No, the pews are all rented," waa hia reply, a reply given without any effort on his part to direct the little company of strangers standing before him. Their em- barrassment was relieved by another but very courteous usher, who came up and kindly said : •' Shall I show you to seats?" " If you please ; thank you," and excel* lent aeats were given. HOW THB OHUBOH LOOKKD. Coming in from the cool air the first im- pression was one of comfort and cosineat, I*. ! v» r SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. The light and warmth and general air of It wtfuhiess about the room are very agree- nble. The reflection cast by a hundretfjets of light made the room brilliant, and yet it Wilis a brilliancy mellowed into softness by the fumishine. The light fell in fitful gleams iiiion the massive organ and brought out in splendid tone its magnificent struc- ti»re ; it bathed the whole room, chancel, nave and gallery in a flood of beauty and fell upon the baptismal font like a benedic- tion of purity. Quickly and decorously the people assem- bled and were waited upon by ready ushers until 780 were seated below and 6()0 in the gallery. A notice in the vestibules requests that no cne will leave during the service and no one enter during prayer. This spirit animated the general congregation, for it was a devotional gathering ; many after en- tering bowed the head for a moment's silent prayer, while others knelt for that purpose. The young people, however, geneially took it for granted. The character of the con- gregation, so far as dress and conduct indi- ciite, gave an on-looker the impression of a comfortable, well-to-do class of people, and well-bred, a congregation thoroughly in ac- cord with the style and extent of the ma- terial building itself. Here and there a very poor person was noticed, that is, a very ptKjrly -dressed person ; but he felt as if he had come into a strange, beautiful, bright palace, and his manner showed a sort of tiazed uncomfortableness. AN EVENING SERVICE. ' ' I wonder what very poor people think and how tlioy feel when they come into a beautiful place of worship like this," said the visitor to a bright little miss who accom- panied him. " Wasn't Jesus a very poor man himself ?" was the whisjured reply-query while the or^an voluntary was beinu plpyeil. Sud- denly remembering that he was there as • chronicler, not as a critic, attention waa next given to the tXtNDCCT OF THE SBRVICZ. The organ voluntary was nrtoderate in se- lection, of no special artistic value, but correctly played. The pastor. Rev. Mr. Stafford, quietly entered, and calmly looked over his audience. The hymns are bulletined above the pulpit, and baick of the organist, and the tirst one so recorded waa 13. " To Qod, the only wise, Our Saviour and our King," and when the number was announced, wal played, then read by the minister. Almost every person in the church had the use of a hymn tjook ; if he did not own one he was kindly offered the use of his neighbour's, and no one was neglected in this hospitable service. The choir regularly numbers 90 ; on this occasion 70 were present ; the hymn was sung to a substantial tunc uitd with heartiness and enjoyment, the congregation very generally uniting. After this hymn a fervent prayer was offered. Originally it was the Methotlist custom to kneel during prayer, but now the large majority simply incline the head either upon the hand or the pew in front. Nearly everybody so inclined this particular evening ; here and there one sat upright and immovable, but he may have been just as reverent as those young men who peeped above their books or those young ladies who made a balcony of the choir balustrade and lattice-work of their fingers in order to arrange for Juliet glances towards the tenor and basso Romeos op- posite. The decorum was perfect, however, throughout the vast audience during the entire service. Failure to provide ade(iuate ventilation made the atmosphere in the gal- lery very uncomfortable, so that a few ladies were obliged to leave in order to get relief. Others resorted to fans, and a few fell into the arms of Morpheus. A BLANK FOOL. An organ refrain followed the Lord's prayer, in which the congregation united and Mr. Stafford then read tne announce- ments of 15 or 21) meetings for that week alone, and these appointments indicate the continuous healthy activity of the church. " Come and let us return unto the Lord," was an anthem sung by the choir. The chorus was massive, not delicately shaded, here and there a lapse in the harmony, but upon the whole well sung to an aceomjiani- ment correct in every particular. Mr. Staf- ford then read a lesson fioni Proverbs '26, interlarding his reatling with free comments like these : — " Honour don't show on a fool ; many a SKETCHES IN CITY CHI RCHF^a u there as • bion wu next ICE. derate in m- value, but , Rev. Mr. tlmly looked re bulletined the organist, 13. ounced, wal er. Almost the use of a one he was neighbour's, hospitable lumbers 90 -, the hymn le and with ongregatioD ilia hymn a 'liginally it icel during « ity simply hand or the ■ so inclined I there one le may liave young men s or those ;ony of the -k of their liet glances lonieos op- t, however, during the e adecjuate in the gal- i few laaies ) get relief. JW fell into he Lord '.■5 ion united announce- that week idicate the le church, he Lord," loir. The y shaded, mony, Imt ceom])ani- Mr. Staf- overbs '26, comments I ; many a man honoured is more dishonoured than be- f(.re . - "God Almighty rules this world, and He'll take care of the curses. " " If a person doubts that what he does is "ight it is a sin for him to do it, though it DC itctually right. " The reasoning that depraves men al- ways pleads for the near instead of the listant, the present instead of the future, pUafiure instead of strength by self-denial, the b:eh{H-aking a stem, determined disposi- tion — not the sternness of thought so much as of will. His manner in the pulpit is easy if not graceful. While Mr. Stafford is not {in on:'. >r he is a most interesting spt-aker . %\i i V 1 lere is i ^arth of rhetorical finish and giaceful outl'ne there are, on the other hand, an earnestness and consecration of pur])<)sc and a sincerity of soul that seriously impress hi.H hearers. His style of address is the < (nivcrsational, and hence he is under- stood by every one in his larj?e audiences. A little boy in the gallery was so interested in one part of the sermon that he actually leanef sweet sounds, the light of the beautiti i church was changed for the light of Co i's beautiful stars as tne immense cor- I'l y-itioi 'vent ou^ ' Ao the night to carry in it helpf'il influences for the woeka struggle. yc II.- SAINT ANDREW'S. i'EN ASP "KNCIL SKKTCHES OF PASTORS AND I'KOPI.K — THE SKKVICK OESCRIBEE/ — STKENtiTH OF TH». . > •NCKF'^JATIONS. REV. n. .T. MACDONNKM,. A very popular udsajiprehension exists in this city as to the terms "old " and "new" when applied to the two St. Andrew 's Pres- byterian churches. The oiu- at CarltDU and Jarvis streets is called "old St. Ai dri w s," whereas it is really the "new St. An Itcf'-t"; and this latter title does not belong, nf^ is commonly iniaginey the old building it seemed to Mr. Morris as if the Church of England were voicing the duty of the Church of Scotland. The coincidence so impressed him that the im- pression became an inspiration to him ; the next day he called a meeting of his as- sociates, who were of like faith, an or|;ani- zation was formed, subscriptions received, and the list bears the names of some of the most prominent men of that time, amoue them the men of the 71st and 79th Highland regiments then st.-vtioned at York. HISTORY OP THE OLD OHtTROH. Thus the accidental reading of those par- ticular lines on that particular Sunday morning just M a certain man who happened to be late was entering an Episcopalian ■church, originated the Presbyterian cnurch in Toronto. The comer stone of the build- ing was laid in June, 1830. It was an un- pretending brick building, plastered exter- luilly to represent stone, with a tower and .st' eple, erected at the south-west comer of Adelaide and Church streets. The church was dedicated one year later with Rev. Wm. Rintoiil as the first pastor. Rev. VVm. T. T^each, who afterwards became an Anglican minister, was the second and Rev. Dr. Jno. Barclay, still living in this city, but in feeble health, was the next and he occupied the pastorate 28 years. When the comer stone was removed a few years ago fragments of the Freeman and (f'lizf.tte were found wrapped around the bot- tle which contained, among other things, the names of the first trustees. They were: — James F. Smith, Thomas Carfrae, Jr., -Jacob T^atham, Alexander Murray, John I'.wart, Hugh Carfrae, Walter Rose. The minute book of 1830 is kept in the archives of St. Andrew's Church, on King street, and is an interesting, neatly-written book with the money matters all recorded in Halifax currency. When, in 1843, a large portion of the I'resbvterian church in Scotland seceded and forimul what is known as the Free Church in Scotland, Rev. Dr. Burns came over to Canada as a representative of this latter church, and advocated a disruption of "^t. Andrew's, while Rev. Dr. Norman Mac- Leod came to represent the old church. It may be said, incidentally, that the Reform ers naturally inclined to the Free Church of Scotland, while the Conservatives remained oyal to the Church of Scotland. SECESSION IN TORONTO. The representation of Dr. Burns met with so much sympathy that, in 1844, a consider- able portion of St. Andrew's congregation withdrew and declared its allegiance to the Free Church. The outgoing party united with the Irish Presbyterian church, and together they formed what is known as Knox chufch. Later the Irish element of Knox church withdrew and formed Cooke's church. Among the prominent disruptionista were Hon. John McMurrich, Hon. Isaac Buchanan, James Shaw, Wm. Ross and Peter Brown. Among those who remained loyal to the ol>l church were Hon. Chief Justice McLean, Lieut. -Col. E. W. Thompson, John Cameron, John Robertson, John Jacques and Hugh Scobie, all deceased. Perhaps George Michie more than any other was instrumen- tal in holding the old congregation together. Judge Wilson, Isaac C. Gilmour and Henry Fowler were also classed among the loyal adherents, and of later date, Wm. Mitchell, John Kay, Alexander T. Fulton, Robert Hay, Geo. H. Wilson, James MachMinan and the late James Bethune. Hon. Oliver Mowat was at one time a manager of the church ; the late Angus Morrison, at one time mayor, also stood by the old church. MODERN HISTORY OF 3T. ANDREW'S. The present pastor. Rev. D. Macdunnell, B. D., was installed December 2*2nd, 1870. With his advent the old church entered upon a new and most successful career which has found a fitting culmination in the magnificent structure at the comer of King and Simcoe streets, a structure that is not only a monument of glory to that particular denomination, but an object of pride, in this " city of churches," that challenges the ad miration of all visitors. A portion of the present site of that church was given to St. Andrew's by the Government as glebe lands, as also were 200 acres at the Humber, which were sold for $21,000. The church grew so rapitlly tliat it was resolved to build a more commodious edifice. More land was [)ur- chased at King and Simcoe, the small build- ing that had been used as a mission school there was removed and building proceedings rapidly pushed. But this new movement originated a second secession in the old church at Ade- laide and Church streets. A number of members were opposed to the new location, and <^8 of them declined going there. They bought the old church of the outgoing party and continued to worship in it until they built the present hau'home edifice at Jarvis and Carlton streets. The corner stone at ■i "51 10 SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. HOW LOOKS King and Simcoe was laid April 20th, 1876, and a year later the church was occupied. THE BUILDING ITSELF. The building has a frontage on King street of 82 feet, and a length of 165 feet on Simcoe street ; the tower is 30 feet square at the base, and 116 feet high ; the total cost of the land and building was $105,- 537 48. As may be seen from the sketch, it is fashioned after the Norman-Scottish style of architecture, with Oeergevown, Ohio, stone and Queenston dressing, with columns hewn from Bay of Fundy granite. There is a massive simplicity about the edi- fice suggestive of the Saxon architectural style, but it has united with this the round- arched Gothic, the circular pillar and other more elegant developments of the Norman whose distinguishing feature is the arcad«. The beauty of the arcade, at the main entrance on King street, with its polished granite columns and carved stone bases and caps is especially noticeable ; the graceful outline and the combination of colours pro- duce a very happy effect. The building is modelled according to the Kirkwiill Cathe- dral in the Orkney Islands, of which, by the way, a relative of Mrs. MacdonncU was once a minister. INSIDE. " These are re- gular Presbyterian back seats, aren't they ?" said a Church of England lady as she en- sconced herself in one of the pews on the gallery last Sunday evening ; the only part of her visible above the pew was the feather on her hat, but that was the fault of her siao rather than the fault of the pew. IN THE P0LPIT. " Did you see that young lady on the other side when she said her prayer ?" whis- piTC'il a certain little critic with a nudge of her elbow against the reporter's side. " No, I didn't. What about her ?" " \V)iy she came in, looked around to see w ho was noticing her, then fixed herself all right and slowly pulled out her handker- chief, gave it a graceful flourish and buried her face in it, leaned forward, got up and looked all around again." There were present hvst Sunday evening al)ont 550 people, 200 of whom sat in the Kallery ; the auditorium, which is 104x61 feet, will seat 1,500. A noticeable feature about the assemblage was the large number of young people present, and they generally drifted, as young people mostly do, to the gallery. They were all orderly too ; the general air of reverence that pervaded the entire congregation enveloped everyone so that there were no whisperings behind books, 17 J glances in a worlaly direction, no giggling and simpering. Everyone seemed in duty bound to follow the service of read- ing and song ; in fact it was most energe- tically followed, so far as the singing was concerned, by two certain beardless youths whose unborn voices vainly struggled to shape themselves into bass notes — so base that the rasp of a file is melody in compari- son ; fortunately for the peace of the con- gregation they were not heard beyond their immediate neighbours. WHAT THE SERVICB WAS. The one predominant and constantly ap- parent feature of this St. Andrew's organi- zation is the harmony of it all. There seems to be an organized union between the literal building itself, the form and manner of service and the very habit of the people who worship there. The solid, substantial, imposing, and massive character of the structure fitly corresponds with the inside furnishing ; so far is the harmonious effect considered that it becomes almost sombre ; there is very little variety or brightness of colour in the audience chamber to relieve this harmony, save the brilliancy and light reflected from the richly-mounted organ, and such as are shown in the memorial win- dow above the pulpit. The ceiling is blue- tinted, the pews, panel-work, pulpit and chancel furniture are finished in cnerry ; the upholstering and carpeting are the same throughout the church ; tMre is a regula* tion which provides for this so that uniform- ity may be observed. BEHAVIOUR OF THE PBOPLE. The people fall riuht into this spirit of soberness that is almoet severe ; slowly, with dignity and propriety they entered ; everybody followed the reading in his own Bible and gave strict attention to the sing- ing. Three hymns and one pealm were sung, a short invocation, a longer prayer and the Lord's prayer, said by the minister alone, were spoken and a half hour's sermon delivered . There was no unseemly scramble for hats and canes and muffs while the bene- diction was being pronounced ; there was no flinging of arms into the air and flying of overcoats over the pews then ; the congre- gation not only decorously waited until the "amen" was said, but even after that a few moments were given in silent prayer, aftex irayer nister was no ing of X)ngre- til tlie a few ftft<>x SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. 11 which preparations were made for depar- ture. Of course then the chatter began, especi- ally among that part of the audience not masculine ; it rippled down the stairways, out into the vestibule and overflowed the streets with a spirit as if of relief from the repression and of thankfulness for the natural privilege of talking. Here are a few waifs : " Isn't that a lovely organ ?" " Did you see her laugh just before they began the anthem ?" '* Hello, Jim, which way are you going T" " Oh, do come around to see me soon ? "Thank you, I will." " Now don't forget, good-night." "Say, Maud, did you hear those young fellows trying to sing bass?" " I'm Blad it's over, mamma ; why didn't the people go out when the minister was doner*^ ** ^ THB MINISTER OF ST. ANDREW'S. No minister in this city is more firmly entrenched in the affection of his people than Mr. Macdonnell. When he expressed the hope that God would restore all men to heaven at last and was in danger of excom- munication for expressing that Christian hope his people defended and stood by him to a man ; and if he had been disciplined by the Presbytery they would have bought the present building for him and continued him as their pastor ; since that little episode both pastor and people have been stronger and more popular than before. The congre- gation pays him a salary of $4,000 and gives him the use of the manse which was pur- chased by the church for f 10,000, and is lo- cated next the building on Simcoe street. According to a Scotch custom the minister is robed in a black gown, while officiating. No responsive service is used in this church though an unsuccessful effort was made to introduce one a few years since. The Church of Scotland uses a liturgy, however, introduced by Knox, who retained his pre- dilection for some things to which he Mas accustomed when he was a Roman Catholic priest. THE PREACHER AND THE PREACHINO. Mr. Macdonnell is not a pulpit orator ; his H*^yle is easy and natural but with no con- siderable animation ; he is more argumen- tative than rhetorical ; though not ornate lie is logical ; there is a dignity and a thoughtfulness about his deliverances that show the thinker. There is no sensational- ism about his sermons ; no attempts at wit and no common-place anecdotes character- ize his pulpit. The sermon he gave last Sunday evening was in perfect keeping with the builduig, the people, and the genius of the Scottish ohuroh ; be doea not break the universal harmony in which his pastorate i» embosomed . There was nothing original in the sermon, which dealt with the impotent man at the Pool of Bethesda, except a word of commen- dation for the revised version of the New Testament, and a suggestion that it is not necessary to believe that a real angel came down out of heaven and " troubled " those waters. Some of his sentences were these : A Judaic, pharisaic perversion of the laws of Moses finds no countenance from Jesus. The true way co understand miracles is to look at the person of Christ himself. Every church is a sort of Bethesda pool, which God troubles by His spirit. The church is a hospital where the sick, blind and lame are brought to be healed. God is here always ; He is not waiting for a revival which man may organize and ar- range. MUSIC AT ST. ANDREW'S. This St. Andrew's is the mother of all Presbyterian churches in Toronto. And it is sJso distinguished as the first that intro- duced instrumental music into the church in Canada. In 1852 a Highland regiment at- tended the service and its band furnished the music ; the next year a choir w^as form- ed and a melodeon purchased ; five or six years later a cabinet organ was introduced, but a prominent member objected ; the Kirk session sustained the organ, as also did the Presbytery, to which appeal was made ; the appeal was then carried to the Synod, which ordered the removal of the obnoxious instru- ment "with as little delay as possible." But it was not removed although not used ; sub- sequently the Syno r '* c 13 SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. variety of tone. The architectural structure harmonizes with that of the church ; its frosted gold decoration, with the burnished gold fafands and crimson flock, not only gives the organ a rich appearance, but it also serves to enlighten and beautify the audi- torium. It was built by Messrs. S. R. War- ren k Son, of this city, who have success- fully mastered the construction of the noblest of all instruments. THE CHOIB AND OROAX. The choir numbers (il ineiiil)ers, with Mr. Edward I'lslier as organii>t. Too much can- not ha said in praise of the anthem sung last Sunday evening, " Jetsus, lover of my soul," both as to harmony and shading ; notwith- standuig that the chorus lacked solidity and balance for the want of more bass singers, it was rendered exquisitely and showetl the presence of masterly training. The volun- tary ott'ertory and ttCcomi)animent w<>re also artisticallycxecuted and could not fail u> please with their sweet melody and retined voicing. "GO AND DO THOU LIKEWISE. " This ia the motto underneath the memorial window above the pulpit, erected to the memory of James Michie, deceased in 1883, who was chairman of the Building Commit- tee and a member of the Board of Managers for 22 years. There are three stained-glasa windows, the centre of which has an illumi- Dated portrayal of the Parable of the Qood Samaritan and Im an excellent specimen of workmanship. Above it is the arch bob- tained by polished flrr»nite pillars the entire window fitly blending its beauty with the general harmony of ^e building. Back of this window ia the Sunday-school room, 46 X 30 feet, with communicating class rooms, On the ground floor beneath this ia the lec- ture room, seating 300, and connected there with tlie managers' room, the miaistcr's vestry and the session rooms. FINANCIAL OPERATIONS. A year after Mr. Macdonnell took charge of St. Andrew's church there were 230 mem- bers, $688 36 was contributed to missions and the revenue was l|2,539 63. Now there are 318 families and more than 700 mem- bers ; the report for tlie last yeak puts the revenue at $18,954 .34, of which amount $.1,192 11 was received in Sunday collec- tions, $4,812 88 from pew rents, $6,900 was contributed for missions and benevolence and the balance was received from otlier sources. The revenue, minus the benevo- lent contributions, was expended for con- gregational purposes. There are three Sun- day schools, one night school, one sewing school and three associations, the mens having a penny savings bank connected with it, the deposits of which are over $3,000 a year. St. Mark's mission, corner King and Tecumseth streets, is fostered by this church. The secretary of the Board of Managers is Wm. Mitchell, and the treasurer is Russell Inglis. The work is thoroughly organized and faithfully administered, and while it is done in an unobti'usive manner and devoid of all sensational procedure yet it is of solid character, and nas crowned "Old St. Andrew's " with a success of which it has just reason to be proud. NO. III. -ST. JAMES' CATHEDRAL. QRAPHIO DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENING SER- VICE — A HISTORIC BUILDING — SKETCH OF ITS ARCHITECTURE — WHAT LIKS BKLOW IT — ITS FINANCIAL CONDITION — ITS EARLY HISTORY. REV. OANON DUMOCLIN. SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. 1» " Why do they have two preachers and four pulpits ?" whiflpered one of the little children in the gallery at St. James' Cathe- dral last Sunday evenins as Revs. Canon Dumoulin and H. P. HoDson entered from the vestry and knelt, the one at a seat in the chancel and the other at the reading desk. The dean's and bishop's stalls, the pulpit and the lectnm and the two vested ministers were not the only things that puzzled the questioner. "Why do they have sates on the pews ? So you can't get out T" After an admonitory " hush-h-h-h" from the mother and a brief wondering silence, another remark was ventured : " Why do they have such bi^ posts? I can't see the minister," and in his eifort to Bee him the little fellow stood up, leaned forward and was in imminent danger of taking a " header " to the flo«r of the nave ; he was hauled back and told to " keep quiet and sit still." But his questions, aftek* all, are suggestive. The huge stone columns of that magnificent structure are necessary to the proportion and architectural composi- tion of the building, but they most efifectu- ally prevent a full view of the chancel from some parts of the gallery. It may be the presumption that all visitors shall occupy themselves with the prayer-book. But sup- pose no book is offered a stranger ? A re- porter found himself in this dilemma last Sunday evening, and doubtless made him- self amusing to those around by standing up when all others were seattad or sitting down while they were standing. The variety of movement required in the senrice is suffici- ently great to embarrass one who has no rubric before him. THE SERVIOB DESOBIBED. The rector of the parish. Canon Dumoulin, conducted the service as far as the reading lessons and from that point Mr. Hobson, the curate, officiated. The service was read with dignity, and the propriety befitting a service that is so rion and expressive in itself. Familiarity with it on 8K:count of its constant repetition engenders a mono- tonous style of reading, however, that over- lo<'ks the emphasis necessary to devolope its beauty and deprives it of that interest in it on the part of the hearer which is essential to its practical benefit. The last sentence of the Lord's Prayer ia not usml in this service, for the reason that it is not a part of the prayer as Jesus first uttered it. After three-fourths of an hour Rev. Mr. Dumoulin ascended the pulpit, to the right of the chaiuwl, and delivorod a ser- mon of 25 minutes' lenttth. He is a gentleman a little past middle life with stately bearing, a fine presence and an ex- ceedingly rich voice, and in his earlier life he undoubtedly possessed the possibilities of oratory. While his sermon on this occasion was not distinguished by any originality of thought yet it was couched in well-chosen language and brought within the easy com- prehension of the &0 listeners. His style of delivery becomes more natural as he lones thought of the surroundings and it is at- tended with considerable animation and some expressive gesticulatioi^; but the monotone predominates and has a tendency to produce a soothing effect upon the hearer. And this, with the distressingly uncomfcr- table heat in the building, or, at least, fn the gallery, induced a pojmlar condition of somnolency. Many were seen asleep and others resorted to all those little tricks which are used to convev the iro pression of wakefulness while the prima facie evidence convicts them of the con trary condition. EX0ERFT9 FROM THE SERMON. " Let us search and try our ways and turn, again to the Lord." This was Mr. Dumou- lin's text and from it he deduced, in plain, practical, earnest style, the necessity of the Christian's self-examination. " There are sccosons profitable for spiritual examination . While this is not a cast-iron rule or applicable to everyone, yet the pub- lic seasons of Lent and Advent are always good. "Try your condition by your dominant passion. Are you still its obedient amd most miserable slave ? Is it as powerful n^ as when you began your Christian ^ys ? These are questions of which every Christies can take stock before his God to-night. "Try yourselves by the matter of service. There are 16 organizations for work in this church ; in which do you work ? If you walk about the streets and lanes of this cathedral church and never put forth a fin- ger to help and lift up from Hin and degradation and make the poor your brothers and sisters, you haven't heard the voice of Jesus Christ and your life is not one of service and devotion to your Master. If you can't do anything give something. '* If your spiritual supply is not kept up your spirit will become bank"upt and danger win come. "There is so much more of conscience than oonsistenc-y in us that we pass sentence and iaflict just punishment on ourselves. " The object of self-examination is not to dishearten us, but to turn us again to God." OOSHUPOLITAN OONORKOATION . Some of the pews in the church, which ha« a seating capacity of about 2,600, are owned as freehold property ; others are rented and v w i^- .4 'V r I r u sketchEkS in city churches. \h )ie seatti in the central aisle and chancel ait: free at all times to anybody ; in this re- spect St. James' follows an ancient English parish custom. Any stranger has the privi- lege of taking a seat in the chancel, the very best location in the building. It ia a rule io make all the pews free at the even- ing service ; hence the regular wor- sliippers rather give place for "out- siders," and the evenmg congregations are largely composed of other Church of England people and strangers. The con- gregation last Sunday evening was of this cliaracter veiy largely ; rich people, so far as dress goes and people in very moderate circumstances were there ; a great many young men were present and seemed inter- ested in the ritual ; a few came in half an hour late and a few left before the end of tlie service ; the gallery contained many little children who were soothed to sleep by tl»e monotone running from the chancel down the nave and even through the musical por- tion of the service. The singers numbered 23, and were led by a choirmaster buried behind the clock and vigorously beating time with the only part of him visible, viz.: u kid-gloved hand waving above his head. But it waa a reverent congregation ; save the usual choir inspection of the people below during prayer tiieie was uni- versal decorum and attention ; and as the clear, melodious tones of the reader called forth the peo- ple's r^jponse, and tiie echo of the united " Amen " of choir and people rose to the vaulted roof and seemed to linger about its graceful curves and lines, a restful and elevating influence uplifted the spirit into a purer atmosphere. No criticism of the organ nmsic could be made except that of the most favourable kind. It was played with precision and taste and with excellent arrangement of stops. The offertory was tine, but tlie postlude was fvspecially brilliant. THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH. Correctly speaking, St . James' is not a cathedral, because it has neither the officiat- ing ministers nor the ritualism which pro- perly entitles a church to this name. As the piincipal and the oldest Anglican church in the city, and as an architectural copy, on a limited scale, of the Salisbury and Lincoln cathedrals of England, it has been given the title. Its historic associations are far- reaching and valuable ; its relation to sc ue of the leading citizens of Toronto in the times gone by and the general style of the building itself, about which are clustered so many memories, invest it with that spirit of reverence we always feel when we stand in the presence of any object that links the throbbing life of the present to the pulaeleu life of the past. IN THE ORGAK LOFT. This feeling is aroused in the visitor who stands at the entrance of the nave and looks up to the arches 70 feet above his head ; a glance along the nave for 112 feet brings the eye to the chancel with its arched dome, richly carved stalls and altar and its three illuminated and beautifully decorated stain- ed glass windows. The nave is 44 feet wide and the body of the church 75 feet ; the chancel, the desks and the choir furniture are finished in oak and the other wood-work of the building is pine and grained oak which gives the church a rather sombre appearance and that yet seems to fall in with the mas sive statelincss that is so impressive. The jityle of architecture is early English gothio with additions that materially depart from the simplicity of that ancient style, and yet these departures are so harmonized with the pure gothic that a beautiful effect is produced, and the beholder is not startled by the innovations. The most noticeable contrast is afforded by the magnificent chan- cel windows which seem out of place when SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. 15 The gothic rt from e, and noiiized effect startled ticeable t ch&n- > when compared with the severe and simple archi- tectural character of the building. BUILT ON BONES. From time that is almost immemorial the site of the church was a b u r y- ing-ground . It was designated by the Crown " as a church- yard and bury- ing ground for ' the inhabitants of the city of To- routo forever." Lying evenly THE LATE DEAN GRASETT. with the eround in many parts of the churchyard may be seen slabs of stone and marble, covering bodies long since buried, and when excavations were made for the foundations of the present building a great quantity of bones was urned up. very many bodies, however, have been removed to St. James' cemetery, and no burials are now made in the yard, although it is the privilege of a dean to secure sepulture under the church itself. The first dean of this church, Hency James (Irasett, who was connected with it as curate and rector 46 years, and who was a man of singularly gentle, scholarly and reverent character, lies buried beneath the communion table in the chancel. The central memorial window was erected as a tribute to him, and testitiee the affection and esteem in which he was held. A marble bust of him is placed above the dean's stall, while the north-west me- morial window is commemorative of hia wife, Sarah Martha, who died last March. Above the bishop's throne is a bust of white marble with a slab of dark stone be- low bearine an inscription in gilded letters which reads : " Near this spot rest the mortal remains of John Strachan, first Bishop of Toronto, who departed this life November the 1st, 1867, in the 90th year of his age and the 29th of his episcopate. " MBM0BIAL8 OF THE DEAD. The north-east window is a memorial to Canon Edmond Baldwin, who died May 31, 1870 ; there is also a marble taljlet erected to his memory under the east gallery. A number of me- morial tablets are inserted in the walls under the giUlery, among them one to Chief Justice Wm. Henry Draper and one to Sir Henry Parker, fifth baronet of Harbum, Warwickshire. A beautiful inlaid brass tablet near the west door keeps in grateful remembrance the name of Lieut . Wm. Chas. Fitch, killed in action at Batoohe, N.W.T., May 12, 1885. It was pat there by his brother officers of the Royal Grenadiers. Near it is cmother bearing the name of Col. Geo. T. Denison. Another brass tablet is especially remarkable because the man who engraved it has given his own name greater prominence than the names of the dead heroes it is designed to honour ; still another speaks of a young soldier who fell in her Majesty's service in Afghanistan. ^v?- ^-^ THE FIRST CATHEDRAL. Standing in this massive church with the immensity of it all about him, witt the "dim religious light" falling upon the /ife- like marble and suggesting the repose of the sleepers beneath his feet it seems to the visi- tor as if there were a very close relation between the living and the dead. " Yes, it is appropriate,' said' an old lady of St. James' church, " and it is pleasant to feel that those who have gone are so near to us." * •• OHIMK 0?r SWEET BELLS." ^he oomer stone of the present building w^ laid Nov. 20th, 1850, an^ thd church occupied three years later. The transepts, spires, pinnacles and pdrohes were not finished, how- ever, until 1874. The tower was also built in . this progressive style, additions being mat^ until it attained, with the spire, a height of 310 feet to the top of the vane. It is not the highest spire on tnis continent, as is generally believed, because the spire of •*l\e 5th Avenue Roman Catholic Cathedral of New York city measures 325 feet to the top of the cross ; Trinity Church, of that city, runs up 286 feet. The chimes of eight beHs cost |l2,0)ines a modem spirit of adornment with the severe simplicity of the esvrly English got hie in such symmetry and harmony as to make it not only a massive but a graceful and beautiful structure and one which is very properly a matter of pride not only to the immediate parishioners but to the city at large and it is always visited by those who come to see the special features of this thriving city. A RICH CORPORATION. In the rear of the church is the school house, where the Anglican Synotl holds its sessions and where the divinity students meet. This building, with its furniture, is worth $15- 500. A rectory, on Adelaide street, is vahied at 88,700, and there are park lots connected with the establishment worth $2,400 ; the assets connected with St. James' cemetery are valued at $40,- 837 27 ; the total value of all the buildings and land is put at $257,274 04. The income from collections, rents, contributions and the cemetery, last year, was $17,170 45. Of this sum $4,057 67 was given to benevolent affairs, the balance being spent for congre- gational purposes. The congregation employs a rector, curate and cemetery chaplain ; there are fifteen oi-ganizations to carry on the work of the church, which are thoroughly organized and faithfully engaged. During the last year 14 members died, and among them some of the oldest. One by one the links that bind St. James' to the historic associations of the past are broken by death, and their places, especially in the matter of wealth, are not being taken by new accessions, so that " there is a deficit of ordinary income against ordinary expenditure, as has occurred in each year since the income from the endow- ments of the church has been in suspense." Si.xty members were received during the year by confirmation. One of the beneficent institutions of this organization is the Old People's Home on Sherboiime street, "Vhich receives a yearly income of $600. FROM PRlMmVE TO MODERN. The Anglican congregation at first wor- shipped in the old Parliament building and then built a plain wooden structure, 50 x 40 feet, with its gables facing east and west and its one door opening on what is now Church street, several yards back from the road. The reservation of land at that time. 1803, and called " Church square," w i.-« covered with forest trees ; the building liul two rows of plain windows, four abo\'e and four below, and between it and the road were a number of stumps and a stake-ainl- rider or " worm" fence. Dr. Stuart ^ .s rector at this time, and was succeeded, in 1813, by Dr. Strachan, formerly a l*re!-l»y terian. In 1818 the building was enlarufi north and south, a door put in on the King street side ; alx»ve the gable was built a square tower with a circular bell-turretand a small tin-covered spire, and evei-y time the 1x11 rang the building was shaken to its founda tions. ,r^ THE SECOND CATHEDRAL. In Dr. Scadding's "Toronto of Old," from which these facts are gathered, very interest- ing descriptions are given of these primitive arrangements. Benches extended along the wall on the western side where the troops sat. A pew of state for the Lieut. - Governor was set apart under the galler>-, with a flat canopy above it sustained by four small square pillars, and below it, against the wall, were the royal arms em- blazoned on a black tablet. The pulpit, reading desk and clerk's pew, rising gradu- ally the one above the other and over- shadowed by a sounding board, were located half way up the central aisle on the right side ; behind it all was the altar bathed in light coming from the east window. In the gal- lery over the central entrance was a long, narrow pew, lined with dark green cloth, in which sat Chief Justice Powell. The en- largement of the building was paid f:r by subscriptions, " to be repaid when the seats were sold," and no subscription was t^ken " under £25, payable in four instalments." THE SECOND AND THIRD ST. JAMES'. In 1832 a stone church, 100 z 75 feet, was built in order to accommodate the rapidly growing congregation, but the tower wm not entirely completed ; this building was de- stroyed by fire in 1839, the same year that V t \ r 18 SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. Slowly SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. 19 s#,?s saw its rector, Dr. Strachan, elevated to the bishopric. Another stone building succeeded this one in the same year, but it was also de- stroyed by fire in the great conflagration of 1849. A burning pieoe of shingle lodged in the spire, and very soon the tire enwrapped it and circled high above the gilded cross and ate its way underneath tlie roof and quickly laid the building in its own ashes ; the public clock in the beHry chimed the quarters just before it fell and the molten metal of the great bell was scat- tered about the principal entrance. % In the same year, however, preparations were made for rebuilding and actively pur- sued with additions and improvements, ac- cording to the architectural plans of W. G. Storm, until the present magnificent structure arrived at its completion. Having attached to it all these valuable associations of the pabt, enriched in experience, closely identified not only with Toronto's earliest history but with its present prosperity, it stands ;there not only as a monument, of architectural grandeur but as an object worthy the reverence and admiration it challenges. NO. IV.— ST. MICHAEL'S. PEN AXD PENCIL PICTURES OF A UAONIFI- CENT KDIFICE — A SPLENDID SERVICE — ANTigCK RfaLICS — ALTARS, DECORATIONS AVD ML'SIC. : ' .) it A iOiiril.SMOP LVMCU. Slowly and rdverently, with downcast eyes and clasped hands 16 sanctuary boys, four acolytes, a master of ceremonies and the celebiunt of the mass entered the sanctu - ary from the sacristy of St. Michael's Cathe- dral last Sunday morning to^ begin the ser- vice. It was a Sunday in Advent, and the vestments and service were of a subdued character on that aooount ; the altar was devoid of special ornamentation, being clad in plain royal purple with pure white borders : the robes of the officiating priest were not so brilliant, and the music of the service not so florid as is usual on festival days when the processional consists of 50 sanctuary boys, when the^vestments sparkle with their jewelled adornments, when the altar ia ablaze with its 300 lights and when the music glows and throbs with an inspiration and a grandeur that befit its divine art. The service was a "Mass of the Holy Ghost ;" the music was a plain chant, Gregorian harmonized, and the plainness of it all seemed a becoming prelude to the biirat of splendour that shaU come with the Natal Day, when all the faithful will bring thtir tribute of love to the new-born babe in the manger. But it was an interesting service, and conducted with that Jia;- nity and that regard for aesthetic etYect which characterize the celebration of any mas". EvQry movement in the vaiied changes of a Catholic service has a meaning ; every single article of diess worn by those officia- ting is a symbol of some fact connected with the " mystery of Godliness ;" every imago, every cross, every light on the altar, every atonsil used in the sacred service is the out- ward form of some inward ti-uth that is vitally related to Roman Catholieism. The worship cannot faU to be a roverent one therefore, and it was so considered hy the THOUSAND PEOPLE PRESENT. Very many of the seats in the cathedral aie free, and it was noticeable that every snan ger was inMnediately and politely show n to a good seat. No difference was made on the score of dress or appearance ; a very richly dressed lady and a poor oM wonuin with a faded calico dress ami pUiin shawl occupied the same pew ; the rough ?;arb of the labouring man did not debar him rom a good seat ; a claster of scantily. clad little children was carefully looked alter, and there was that cosmopolitan charact^n- aboat the congregation that seemed to fulfil the prayer of Him before whose cross thej' all oowed : — "I pray that they may all ho •ne." Here and there a kneeler might he seen amMurently oblivious to all sunouod- ings VTule the rosu-y was deftly counted ai» the raormaring lips repeated its Patera and Aves and Glorias ; every child, no natter how youns, bent the knee and 8iune server it was a rare vision of loveliness such as no art of pen or pencil can outline. The last part of |^e service consisted of the blessing given byj, the Archbishop from his throne. . . . .^( .1 ■ , Shuter street side is the Altar of the Sacred. Heart of Our Lord, lighted by two narrow side windows, and tiie whole of it, from the lowest step to the vault above, moet elabor- ately ornamented with that richnem of de* tail so characteristic of the most magnificent church structure in this city and one rank- ing among the first in the Dominion. Thft image itself above this altar is most exqui- sitely wrought, the blue robe with its gilt and white facmgs gracefully ont aad the h ST. MIOHAEJi's CaTIIKU iAL, BOND 8TREKT. ALTAJW AND MEMORIALS. The altar of the cathedral is in the same frtyle of architectural grandeur as the build- ing itself. Above are gas jeta of a cro-sa, tile bliamrock and mitre, the latter being used only when a bishop or higher official cele- brates mass. To the left of it, outside of the 8:.nctuary, which is enclosed on ai! sides, is the Altar of St. Joseph, near which is a tablet erected to th^ nuinory of Very Rev. John James Hay, the first Archdeacon of Toronto dio- ie$e, who died in 1S49. In a recess on the countenance exceedingly ohaite and elo- quent, as if reminding the onlooker of the broken heart to which it mutely points. This artistic production cost an immense sum of money, and ?3 the dona- tion of a charitable lady of St. Michwel's, v/ho modestly declines the publication of her name, Immediately < pposite this, on the north side, is a similar recess containing the Altar of the Cross for Suffering Souls, with a back- ground of dark blue, against which the white tapers and the cross with its image of il SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. S» 1 Suffering Personified stand out in relief. The same spirit of varied ornamentation is evident in the minor recesses, pinnacles, can- opies and images of which this is full. RELICS OT THE PAST. Near this altar are tablets inserted in thA walls to the memory of Chas. Dovlevy, , fw 22 years publisher of the Toronto Mtrror, who died in 1858. "A friend to liberty and liberal in- stitutions under tryine circumstances ;" one to the remembrance of — " Greporr Grant Foote Macdonald, Royal Na^y, late one of her Majesty's Honorable Corps of Gentlemen at Anns," who died in the same year, and another to Dr. John King, of the Toronto University, who died in 1857. Al.lAl I'll. On thoriglit of the sauotimiy in tlie Altar of the Blessed Virgin with a (.ulla lily at the foot of the image emblemivtical of the purity of the sainted Mother Vv'ho is the type of ppift'ct womanhood all over tlie civilized world. In front of this iiltai- are a niin\b.jr of seats ; here, erery day, may be seen other mothers kneeling and lieseechiBg the Virgin for her blessing of prayer to the Son. she once carried upon her heart. In the wall to the right of this altar is a marble tablet inlaid upon a polished black stone sacred to the memory of Sir Charles Chicsster, Lieutenant-Colonel and Brigadier-General irMSpain, who died in 1847. Other tablets to less noted individuals are seen in the building. Near the front are two confessionals ; the aisles are carpeted ?'ith matting ; a few rented pews are up- olsteied ; the others are plain to severity. The building seats 1,600 people. There are probably 25,000 Catholics in this city, and a very large proportion of these worship in the cathedral. There are four priests con- nected with it ; mass is said every morning at 6 o'clock and 8 o'clock, and on Sunday three masses are sung, one at 7, one at 9, and the grand mass at half-past ten. Vesper service is held every day. The 9 o'clock mass is most largely attended as that is the most con- venient hour for the servant girls. The at- tendance at all services is very large, the largest of any church in the city ; the Sun- day school numbers ,350. AN EVKNINO SKRVICE. " It isn't often we see one of your frater^ nity up here," said a courteous gentleman of the choir to The Telegram representative last Sunday. •' But we are glad to see you t and. any time you want to see a service com& light up here and make yourself at home." The evening service was a f 'ompline ser- vice — sermon by lii«(jiace Archbishop Lynch, and Benediction ot the Blessed Sacrament by Rev. Father Lfiuront. The music was of plain character, sii.stained principally and i^orrectly by Mr. Maonamara, of the choir, and the chorus of sanctuary boys who chanted the responses. Wlien liis Grace ascended the pulpit the affection and reverence in which he is held by liis people were plainly maniiest in the eager attention paid to every word he uttered. He spoke to them in a fatherly, easy, conversational way, almost constantly leaning upon the desk. His voice seemed feeble although he was readily heaid ; his movements seemed slow and lahonrt il as if the three-score-and-ten began to hoar l\(avily upon him. The sermon was on tiic matter of ron verting the Indians of tli < NortI; west, ami he referred to the coTiiiotinff sects of Pic/ testantism as perplexing the Indian ; V«t the unity of Catholicism he could easily understand and the beautiful ccromoiiies ami logical doctrines of the chunh eoTinnrn'Ird themselves to his untutored mind as bi \ux ^ \ I ^^- The ■ Evening Telegram,"- TABLisHfeD 1876. J. Ross Robertson, Proprietor. i TORONTO. ONT. bWOKN OTATEUENT- AVERAGE CIR:ULATI0N -m 21,193 DAILY. .i.fc* oronto, ui:^^^ (Q^^^^^^-^ ^-^r Jy^K',<^' V^ -T^ ^. cn^y^—y^ :) J\JU <^t l>^^rr^ ^>'^^' tl^^JL. ^ oc^r^ L^cJyU. ^ ^^"^ . I turtltLsL^ tt^ A-cd^ y.^^ A-^^yi^^'^ ■ y^ /^2^0 jy YZ I2W'. /^ C-CX^P-^-^ e^jt-r/^ (\cr-^.^3^ /ic>-c-«_i *mj:^^:«_ X-c—— :^!to— « •• ■««<" > ' ; ■ ' ■■». r. t- M. Teefy, ^i. Richmoiid' Jlill *L*'*' 1-t^^tt^ &CA^ «• SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. 25 /e<5 * :,couine street. I Tile sacristy is too small and inconvenient, lieuee it will be enlarged by an addition north ; and the cathedral will also m the near future be lighted with electricity auid heated by steam. The dim gas jets and their present arrangement entirely fail to bring out the magnificent proportions and graceful ornamentation of the edifice. NO. V. — JARVIS STREET BA1»TIST. AN IMMERSION SERVICE IN CHURCH — DE- SCRIPTION OF A MAGNIFICENT STRUCTCRE — HISTORICAL SKETCH — INTERESTING FACTS— PEN AND PENCIL PORTRAITURES. ^ ►> REV. DR THOMAS. " Abide with me ! Fast falls the eventide. The darkness deepens— Lord with me abide t' It was the last Sunday of the old year ; a thousand people stood upon their feet and united in singing the tender words of this beautiful hymn ; and as the grand chorus rose and fell in harmony with the melody woven about their beauty antl tenderness it seemed like some great prayer going up from the hearts of the people asking for that comfort and constancy which the transi- tory changes of time do not always aftbrd. Not only did the hymn awaken tender memories of the year so nearly ended and, perchance, moisten the eye and trouble the heart as some lost hope or some mounded grave of the past embittered thought, but it was eB[Jecially touching because of the solemn ceremony it intioducod. It was " baptismal night" in the Jarvis street Baptist church. Back of the pulpit desk, and apparently imbedded in the lower part of the organ is the marble -fronted baptistery, lined with lead, 8 feet long, 4^ feet wide and 3^ foet detp ; on the right and left are three steps for entrance and exit. On the present occasion while the Icwt staitiia of the hymn was being sung Rev. t w SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. Dr. Thomaa, pastor of the church, entered the baptistery and led down into it a young girl, one of the Sunday school scholars, and a candidate for baptism. (k)th were robed in long black gowns relieved by a neat white collar. With one hand supportine her and the other resting upon hers, which were clasped in front of her, he said : " On profession of your re- {lentance towards God L.:?d your faith in the g to linger en to come comfort of . neat iroiv, d chestnxTbi former ; the lit rostrum, i,bove which pipes, are lia walnut I i ^ •!«■ >ci JAKVIS STREET BAPTIST OHtJRCH. trees, the natural grain of the wood curiously and intricately interlaced. The inner height of the church is 45 feet, and the ceiling is groined in plaster. A novel but effective method of ventilation is scoured by a little a]^rtiire at the ends of each pew opening into a small box which carries the cold and foul air into a larger box run- ning around the building and this in its turn opening into ventilating shafts. OERRARD STBEET AKlflX. On the first floor of the annex is a church parlour, where social and other meetings ure held, capable of seating 200 people ; bacK of this are lavatories, tvfo infant class rooms that will aocommodate 300 little people, the vestry, the library, containing 1 ,400 volumes, all of which are conveniently arrani^ed, f»er- ftotly furnished and kept in first-class rder. The fioo.a of this buildin):; are all dovible. 2S i". SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. On the second storey is a capacious Sunday- nnhool room that will seat 500, with a piano, an organ and all necessary appliances for the conduct of a large school ; it has four com- municating class rooms and two galleries for visitors. The Sunday school of this church numbers 600, with 55 officers and teachers and an average attend- ance of 480. REV. DK. CASTLE. A most remarkable feature of the Jarvis street Baptist church is the weekly prayer meeting. Generally the sitteuilance at this meeting is 400 and sometimes 500 are pres- ent, a fact that is exceptional in Toronto churches. There is no church in Canada or the United States that can secure, in pro- f)oilion to its membership, an attendance so arge as this at its regular prayer meeting. The membership of this church is 790. HOW THK WORK IS DONE. The seniors of the ten deaecns of the con- gregation are William Burke, Robert Law- son, William Elliott and H. E. Buchan ; tliere is a Board of seven trustees, among tliem Hon. William McMaster, and eiirht other offif'^r.s assist ; the gen- eral work of the church is aduiirahly organized and conducted by six i^ocioties. From all sources there was raised, last year, f'10,910 76, most of which was expended for local purposes, the pastor receiving $3,600 as his salary. SUNDAY KVEMNC. AT CHURCH. " Do you wish a seat ?" asked an usher on the Sunday evening in question, as a Telegram reporter stepped into the gallery of this church — at the same time critically inspecting his appearance as if to procure a scat accordingly ; it was not a front sent but it served the purpose of the visit. Mr, Harrison, recently of Ottawa, and a very fine organist, favoured the incoming congre- gation with a well-executed prelude. although, when the anthem was sung and when, after prayer, Mr. Sims Richards sang a tenor solo, the organ had too much of an orchestral effect and over- powered the singers, as is too frequently the case with accompaniments. The members of the choir sit in pews built at light angles to the pulpit rostrum and innnediately be- low it, while the key-board of the organ .is placed still lower and in front of the choir. The people stand while the hymns are sung, and every one is politely handed a book. Although the evening was rather unpleasant fully 1,000 people were present, and when a good, substantial, familiar tune was sung the effect of it was dignified and massive. During prayer the congregation sits, the large majority leaning upon the hand or the pew in front. The congregation was largely made up of young people, but they were attentive listen- ers and reverent in conduct. The baptismal service was very impressive, and evidently created a good effect ; the entire method of worship was simple and plain, such as is usually observed in non-liturgical churches. Of course no very poor people are to be seen in a church so luxuriously furnished, although the members visit and provide for the neces- sities of the poor within their ecclesiastical jurisdictions The regular attendants seem to be of the middle class of society, substan- tial, comfortable, well-to-do people, and most thoroughly interested in the welfare of their beautiful church, and heartily devoted to all its activities. BAPTIST CHURCH HISTORY. ThS germ of the Baptist church in Toronto was planted in 1829, at which time a few people of this faith met in an upper room on Colborne street, although there was no per manency until 1840. Up to this year T. F. Caldicott, who was a school teacher, sup- plied the congregations with preaching ; lie became the established pastor in 1860. The Baptist church was what is now the News- boys' Home, erected in 1832, on Lombard street, formerly Stanley street, and before that March street. On July 5th, 1840, Rev. W, H. Coombe, pastor, the organization was effected, the exp^Mises being paid by 23 persons, of whom Hon. Wni. M/ Master is the only one living. Tlie old re- cords state that £171 was the ministers salary, payable quarterly ; that " Mlder Butler received 10 shillings for one day's sermons" on March 8th, 1841, and in July of the same year " Elder Moon was paid 10 shillings for a sermon on election, ' and " C Klutz received £10 for eight weeks' ser- vices. " In 1841 Rev. Dr. R. A. Fyfe became pastor, and the March street chapel waa 1 i \ tras sung [r. Sims rgan had md over- lently the members ht angles lately be- ! organ .is the choir, are sung, a book, npleasant id when a vas sung massive. aits, the ,nd or the ,de up of ive listen- baptismal evidently lethod )f ich as is churches, to be seen , although the neeea- ilesiastical [ants seem , substan- jple, and welfare of y devoted Toronto me a few r room on as no per- rear T. V. er, sup- iiig ; he HO. The le News- Lombard ,nd before 840, Rev. anization paid by d'.Mii;5ter 1(1 re- minister's ' Khler no day's 1 in July s paid 10 and "C. eeks' ser- becanie iivpi'l was SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. 29 * THK PCJ-lTf, OliUA> AND BAlTr TRY. so SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. Hi ii; 'I* then sold and the oongregation moved to Bond street, opposite the Metropolitan church, occupying the building now owned by 'the Catholic ohurch and tenanted as a school. Rev. Dr. James Pyp^r succeeded Dc. Fyfe in 1848, and during his oastorate two wings were added to the building, giv- ing it its present T shape. The congregation did not grow rapidly during this era of its history. There were TOmembers, of whom only six are now in the Jarvia street church . In 1850. the total receipts were £564 16b, with a balance due the treasurer of £11 8s lid, after all expenses wwe paid. CALDICOTT, STEWAET, CASTLE. In 1855 Dr. Pyper resigned and Dr. Fyfe was again pastor until 1860, the member- ship growing to 250 ; he then became presi- dent of the Canadian Literary Institute, now Woodstock College. Dr. Caldicott next served the c(mgregation, his pastorate con- tinuing nine years. His work was the solid rock foundation upon which is built the present prosperity of the Baptist church in Toronto . He was a man of sterling worth, of broad culture, general liberahty, and gave to his congregation substantial growth. The receipts which had always fallen short now ran up to more than $3,000 a year and the membership increased to 400. On account of Dh. Caldicott's bad health Rev. Dr. Wm. Stewart, of Brantford, was called to be his assistant in 1869. In July of that year the pastor died suddenly and Dr. Stewart assumed charge on the very Sunday he was to begin as assistant. He served two years and was succeeded by BBV. DB. JOHN H. OASTLE, the well-known and honoured President of Toronto Baptist College, which position he assumed in 1880. A deputation from the Bond street church visited Philadelphia in 1871 and extended Dr. Castle an unani- mous call to the vacant pulpit. He identified himself closely with the Baptist denomination in Canada and has done more for it than any other minister. His intimate friendship with Hon. Wm. McMaster doubtless in- fluenced that philanthropic gentleman's generosity and resulted in the erection of tlie Jarvis street church with its out-reach- ing benefits. In 1875 the membership was 519 and the income over $7,000. The different qualities of those pastors while they impresaed the congregation with u varied life, yet so logically adjusted them- selves to that growing life that a gradually increasing value was given to its history. Each congregation in this denomination is independent in government, not being amenable to any higher authority. There is a " convention of Baptist ohm-ches," but its deliberations and oonclusioni are only ad- visory, not legislative or authoritative ; each congregation is at liberty, therefore, to develope the genius of its own life inde- pendently of any counteraMstina; or deterrent power. SENATOR M'mASTKB. For thirty years the Beverley street Bap- tist church was a mission, under the foster- ing care of the Jarvis street church, and it erected that building at a cost of $8,000 ; recently an addition was made to it, and the mother church presented $4,000 for that purpose. The Parliament street church was alsc bought by this church, conducted as a misiion and then handed over to its present occupants. A mission on Centre street is now the object of its care ; it is the parent church of the Bloor street and the Alexan- der street churches, while the Colleeo street ohurch has been called its grandchild. One of its members. Rev. John Craig, is a mis- sionary in Akida, India, and another, Rev. Edward C. Newberry, is missionary in Rome, It«Jy. &BV. B. D. THOMAS, D. D., is the present pastor of the Jarvis street church. After Ur. Castle's removal to the college the congregation was pastorless until Oct., 1881, when an unanimous call was ex- tended Dr. Thomas, then in Philadelphia. He is a native Welshman, a genial, simple- hearted man, earnest in his work, and most highly esteemed and warmly loved by his people. He is a man of medium size, in middle life, with hair and beard liberally sprinkled with gray. In the pulpit he is a man of fine presence, easy and natural, free from that anectation and cant so illy becom- ing the sacred desk and yet so often met with. His style of delivery is not bufhci- SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. tl only ad- itative ; lerefore, ife inde- leterrent / '■ # / 1 f f ;reet Bap- he foster- ih, and it f $8,000 ; and the for that lUrch was sted aa a bs present street is le parent Alexan- 3go street M. One is a mis- ber, Rev. onary in vis street al to the less until was ex- adelphia. simple- and most sd by his size, in liberally it he is a ural, free y becom- ften met t buffici- «ntly animated or sufficiently permeated with the sequences gradually and logically lead- ing to the climax to be called oratorical ; but yet there is dramatic force in his speech but it is modified^ almost to pathos. Per- haps his distinguishing trait of composition is the picturesque ; he clothes his thoughts with all the mellow beauty of a summer's landscape or with the brilliancy of a winter's night sky ; his words are spoken pictures delivered in a rather quiet tone, but per- fectly natural and very impressive suid at- tractive on account of their beauty and force. His attitudes are not studied and hence he is always graceful ; naturalness and sincerity characterize his expressions, and he is entirely devoid of pul- pit sensationalism and charlatanry. TEASa OF MBHOBT. His text on this last Sunday evening of the old year was ' ' We wept when we re- membered. " After speaking of the captives of Babylon weeping by the river and hane- ing their harps upon the willows, he said, among other things : There is inexpressible pathos in this text ; it is the history of sublime experiences and possibilities ; it is the expression of a whole nation's overwhelming grief. But I will not produce an epic of these people ; I will deal with fact rather than fancy and speak of tlu- tears of memory on the threshold of another y-'ar. He then spoke of the pleasant sensations arising from the exuberance of joy in the delight of those things which give earthly happiness and the sadness of spirit when they are lost. This led the speaker to assert : Not sin, but its exposure, causes more re- gret than penitent feeling. The loss of character ana reputation causes regret, so tha,^ men recoil upon themselves and find their vanity Mrounded. Tears of pride be- dew the cheeks of the fair and fooush more than the tears of true repentance for the wasted ^ast. Many weep because they don't think. Many would weep if they would think. Memory is the link that unites us to yes- terday and makes events in the long ago as real as yesterday. Sorrow is associated with memory. The past is as actual and real and livins; as tlie E resent .itseif. We don't finish fe as we go on ; we carry our yesterdays with us ; not a fragment is lost. Death does not oreak the unity of our life ; we me now what we have made our- ■elrea all ^rou^h oar history, and we enter eternity not losing a fragment of our con- sciousness. Every act of life is inunortal ; present life exerciaes a direct influence on our future destiny ; the dark shadows of gnilt follow man and ^ t will confront all our yesterdays in eternity. It isn't necessary to create hell. God did not create bell ; every man creates his own hell ; the memory of lost fortune and guilt and moral ruin is the existence of the ele- ment of eternal misery. NO. VI.— ELM STREET METHODIST. HOW IT CAME INTO 1XI8TBN0E— SKETCH OP ITS ORIGIN, GROWTH, AND PRESENT CON- DITION — THE VARIOUS BUILDINGS — THE PRESENT PASTOR. BIV. JOHN POTTS, 1). D. In the year 1850 Rev. JMnea Cuughe^r, of the Metnodist Episcopal church of the United States, came to this ciiy for the pur- pose of folding a series of revSSal meetings, Theae meetings were held in different sec- tions of the city, and continued seven months with such phenomenal success that no revivals before or since that time can compare with them either in extent ot power or of positive and lasting results. Mr, Caughey was specially endoweil with the elements necessary to the constitu- tion of a successful revivalist ; he^combined in his sermons the power of eloquent de livery with a high order of illustration, and they were undertoned with a vein of pathos that deeply moved his auditors. His word- pictures were simply but forcibly drawn'; he painted the divine wrath in terrible oolouis and then brouglit from the lightning-cleft clouds a ine»>ili.'AN /■iV> AI.TAU 36 SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. ■'n •A iU 1! ' li auditorium is perfected and centred in the organ, which is built back uf the pulpit, flush with the wall. It is 35 feet wide and hii;h, finished in che.<>t:^at, ornamented with walnut, thus harmonizing with the butter- nut woodwork of the pulpit and pews . It is brilliantly decorated with blue and gilt and presents a magnificent appearance ; it lias no distinctive existence, apparently, from the audience chamber ; it is a part ojf it and if the eye looks in vain for special architectural effects elsewhere, a view of the organ, fronted with a neatly carved pulpit and a small but graceful chancel with its white marble baptismal font, affords a pic- ture full of artistic beauty. There is a choir platform between the pulpit and organ capable of accommodating 100 singers, with an entrance on each side of the instrument. The organ is one of rich and full tone with two manuals of 58 notes, with 27 strops and four with the pedal organ, the bellows being supplied with air by a hydraulic engine. Messrs. Warren &, Son introduced a new feature into this instrument : it is the first organ to which the principle of pneumatic and tubular stop action is applied. The keys are worked the same as piano keys, in plaoe of the ordinary draw stops ; instead of the player opening and shutting the stops with the draw stops this principle so ar- ranges that the wind is used as the motive power ; the stops are only govei-ning valves to the wind which is controlled by the or- f;anist. This method simplifies the manipu- ation and gives new combinations, with their varied effects ; the change of stops is the special feature of the principle. TH£ SOHOOL BUILDIKG is approached throush a ffateway east of the church. On the first floor is a cozy little vestry for ■ he minister's use, a largo lecture and Sunday-school room, carpeted and fur- nished with settees, a piano and an organ ; to the left of this is the infant room, with gra^'n to its utmost tension. But it is all clean and neat and sufficient for the use to which this building is put. The financial exhibit of Elm street church is excellent. It owns a parsonage almost opposite, which is occupied by Rev. Dr. Potta, who has the use of it in addition to his salary of $2,700. The total 'sine of the property controlled by the Board of Trustees is about $55,000 ; the total yearly income is between $10,000 and $11,000, of which sum $2,480 is received from pew rentals and $2,400 from collections ; more than $2,500 is raised for mission work alone. THE PRr<»KNT PASTOR. The pastor of this uourishing church is Rev. Dr. John Potts, well known through- out the city for his identification with all civil and moral reforms. His recent ap- pointment as Educational Secretary in con- nection with the University confe ranon scheme of the Methodist church removes him very considerably from active work in his churnh, hence he has been granted an assistant who looks after the pastoral work and does most of the pulpit work also. Dr. Potts was chairman of the executive com- mittee of the Sam Jones' revivi 1 meetings, and a large measure of the success of that movement was due to his ac^^ ity in connection with it. He is a man of middle age, l >'^biy '' ailt, very genial in manner, and of mu^'aetic presence and address. He is not an original, thinker ; his sermons are more marked for sincere, earnest, positive conviction than for invention ; his thought is simply a re- production of familiar Cnristian truth, but it is put into plain, practical, persuasive form ; he is very eloquent, and that elo- quence combined with that particular magnetism by which every crowd attracts to itself.serves to All his large church when- ever he preaches. He has great influence with young people as well as older ones ; his amiable and affable manner makes him a congenial friend and companion, and lie is eminently qualified for the exalted position he holds ir the Methodist Church of Canada and in the esteem and affection of his people. y i > SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. 37 ! NO. Vn.— OLD ST. ANDREW'S. ITS OBIOIV AWD GROWTH — PBN PICTURE O? TWE PASTOR — AN ARCHITECTURAL ORNA- KEKT — THE CUDROH ■XTBBNAU.T AND IKTERBALLT. RKV. i;Kt). M. MIl.LKiAN. As far back as 1818 the Presbyterians of York had an organiBation under the pastoral care off R«v. W. Jenkins who, although a Scotchman, had been located in the United States a«d was sent over here as a mission- ary. In 1820 Rev. James Harris, of Ire- land, came to the oity and was established here as the first Presbyterian pastor of To- ronto. The following year Mr. Jesse Ketchum, well-known as an ardent advocate '. the election of Toronto's first mayor, and generous philanthropist, presented uu struggling congregation with a Mece cf iand, where Knox church >k' jv stands, on which was built 'mple structure in keeping with the habits aiid at>'? of the people of those days; ec- Oile(>U'.stically it was not a Scottish Presby- terian church, but had connection with the Uj^er Canada United Synod. Previous to this time there had been preaching in " the town of York" and clVorts at organization, but it wcM all of a disorg-inized, desultory character. While many of Toronto's earliest settlers were members of the National Church of Scotland, they found it very difficult, in '"! face of Anglican prcstise and establislied em^iiup'ients, to compete with that organiza- tior> in the formation nf a congregation. Bu'i; this was finally done in I HMO, according tc the circumstances fullv detailed in The Tekgram'a second article on the City Churolies wliere Saint Andrew s is described. On June 19^, 1 8iei' going and the number remaining, the bulk, nf cotirnc, tailing into the hands of the majority. ^. 38 SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. .1 :i! OLD ST. Andrew's ohukch. .•lM."l»'> When the old church was sold it realized $12,000. REGARUINO THE REMOVAL. The outgoing t)f the large majority left a forlorn hope in Old St. Andrew's but with noble devotion and firmnesH of conviction tlie remnant heroically clung to the old building that was already rich with historic associations. The attendance lan down to a uiero handful and the outltpok was of the mc at disheartening character. But an effort was being made to secure a pastor, and the day waa actually fixed for the selection of one of two ministers who were then candi- dates for the vacant pulpit. At this time, 1876, Rev. G. M. Milhgan, who was pastor of a Presbyterian church in Detroit, was fiersuaded, while on his way home from the Philadelphia Centennial, to remain in To- ronto one Sunday and preach in the old SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. 39 fit -Tt X M' "■'m effort nd the ;tion of caudi- 8 time, pastor it, was oin the in To- ;he old church. He had an audience of 60 people in the morning ; in the evening, much to the surprise of every one, 300 persons were in the church : a sudden inspiration sei/._d the struggling minority that in him was to be found the leader who would bring victory. The meetint; for the election of a pastor was postponed and Mr. Milligan" was approach- ed. It was the last thought in his mind to come to Toronto ; he was pleasant- ly and comfortably located in Detroit, he had just received an unanimous call to the large Knox church of Hamilton, and the future of Old St. Andrew's seemed irreme- diable. But the fervour of the people and their personal regard for him impressed him with the suggestion that he ought to accept the invitation extended to liim within twenty-four hours after the delivery of his first sermon. He finally consented to come, upon two conditions, viz., that the old build- ing must be forsaken and that the vacant lot at Carlton and Jarvis streets, whose pre- eminence as a church site struck him while walking down the latter street, should be purchased for the new location. PRESBYTERIAN PASTORS. Mr. Milligan's terms were accepted and he became the pastor. The south-east cor- ner of Carlton and Jarvis streets was bought, the old building sold and the new erecttd. Among the prominent gentlemen who stood by the minority and actively identified themselves with the new movement. Chief Justice McLean, Arclubald Mac- Murchy, Alexander Jardine, William Hen- derson and Mr. McHardy may be especially mentioned. Rut the entire congregation, thougli small, was energetic and adhesive, and their self-sacrificing zeal has given to the city one of the finest of its many beauti- ful churches. Mr. Milligan and Rev. Mr. Macdonnell are both graduates of Queen's College, but in diflferent years, and stood number one in tlicir classes. Their college friendship has continued to this day, and their relations are of the most agreeable and harmonious nature ; each is pastor of a flourishing con- gregation, and each has an enviable p^jsition in tnis city as a scholar and preacher, to say nothing of the universal esteem and respect in which he is held ; each is strongly en- trenched in the affections of his p.arishioners, and no finer tribute to the native I'res- byterian Scottish endurance and firm- ness and self-devotion can bo afforded than is seen in the establishment of these two St. .Andrew's churches, which are not only anhitectuial ornamonts to t'lo city of Toronto, but nonuments of pride to the people who worsliip there. MR. .MII.l iaAN« MINISTRY. Rev. G. M. Milligan, B.A., is a Scotch- man by birth, with the national characteris- tics of his natal land strongly marked in his personality. He is a full- bearded man of middle age, in the prime and vigour of in- tellectual and physical strength, of genial presence and address. He is a hard worker, paying close attention to pastoral as well as pulpit duties. In the pulpit his voice at first is somewhat formal and his manner seems to bear upon the artificial ; but this restraint soon wears away as the subject he is treating permeates his method ami infuses into it a vigour of delivery and an animation of style thac sometimes becomes genuinely oratori- cal. The enthusiasm so encompasses him that the gesticulation is frequent, too fre- quent to be always opportune, and a certain nervousness carries him from one side of the pulpit to the other and again leads him to familiarly lean over the Bible while he ex- pounds and enforces his subject. And this subject grows and developes within him as he speaks ; some of his most telling as well as most philosophical expressions are hasti- ly struck off from the intellectual anvil in sharp, striking and sometimes brilliant sparks that are curt, concise and penetrating. His manner is the conversational but always thoughtful ; he is more rugged in style than picturesque or pathetic ; there is a direct- ness and plainness of address that makes l>is meaning unnustakable. He has convictions and has courace to maintain them. AN EVENIVG SERVICE. Through a blinding, driving snow-storm a Telegram reporter found his way to St. Andrew's church on a recent Sunday even- ing, thinking a service would hardly be held on account of the storm which had lieen raging all day. Hut the prevailing church- going habit of Toronto people was found ready to brave any storm, and an audience of ,'k)0 people was assembled in this church. So far as external indications go it was an audience composed of people in the middle walks of life, not very rich and not very poor ; a special feature of the congregation was the large number of young people f)re8ent ; doubtless many were there from orce of habit alone, and from some exhibi- tions a few, at least, were there owing to that peculiar attraction of the o{)posite sexes which no religion can sufficiently bring within reverential limits. The behaviour of the young folks was very good, if not wor- shipful in every case, except on the part of Hoine unfledged young men in the gallery whose ciinversation and inattention caught Rev. Mr Milligan's eye and brought fiorn him this rebuke • " We have not a largo audience, but it \ SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. must be attentive. If those young men can't listen I want theni to leave. Old St. An- kept, neatly and adequately furnished. This w'aole school building is devoid of adornment — in keeping with the almost austere character of the entire edi- fice ; but the pre portion and symmetry and harmony of it all are unmistakable. FINANCIAL CONDITION. The revenue from Sunday collections is about $3,400, and from pew rents about $3,300. In addition to this about $4,000 more is raised for benevolent purposes, and last year, ending this week $3,000 was raised towards the liquidation of a debt yet remaining upon the edifice. Seventy-five new members have been added so that there are about 700 members at present, with 437 Sunday school scholars, 29 teachers, and an average attendance of 301 ; about 100 new scholars have been added during the year. When the congregation left the old church at Church and Adelaide streets, the male members outnumbered the female ; now, however, it is re- versed. The minister's stipend is $3,000 and the current expenses are about !5H,'2()(i. There are mission bands and Sunday schools in connection with the churcii and several benevolent organizations, all of wliich arc ably maintained and conducted. With a magnificent church edifice that is the crowning glory of the Old St. Andrew's church, with a firm hold upon the popu- larity of the city, with a united people and an eneigetic pastor and successful work, this Old St. Andrew's worthily sustains the traditions and faith in which it has root and out of which it has grown into such beauty and grandeur. i. NO. VIII.— CARLTON ST. METHODIST. ITS ORIGIN, HISTORY, GROWTH AND PRE- SENT CONDITION — DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING — A LOOK AT THE INNER LIFE— PEN PICTURE OF TflK I' ASTOR. REV. Hl'dli JOHNSiO.N. About twelve years ago what were called the New Connection Methodists and the Wesleyan Methodists of Canada became united in one body ; nine years later the other Methodist bodies of the Dominion, viz: Method'st Fpis" opal, Primitive Metho- dist and Bible Christians, joined this union, thus bringing all the Methodist sects oi Canada into one organization and under one system of government now known as " The Methodist Church of Canada. " The Carlton street Methodist church, one of the most pro- minent and influential of the churches of this denomination, was of the Primitive Metho- dist persuasion. This branch had its orit'in in England in 1810 and next to the We.'ilcyans was the largest Methodist body in that country. It w.os an oftshoot of the Wes- leyans and became such because two Wos leyan ministers, under the influence ami ex- ample of the eccentric Lorenzo Dow, in.-^i.st ed upon the conduct of camp-meetings and other matters different from the establisheil usages. Another new feature was the voice of the laity in the governing councils of the church, so that in the Conference there were o»ie-thii'd ministi is and two-thirds laymen The Primitive .Methoditts have some footing'. ^' 44 SKETCHRS IN CITY CHURCHES. h'. i.: in the United States. In 1870 they nuin- b^-red, totally, 162,169 with 9Q1 ministers «ud 14,332 lay preachers. All Methodist bodies adhere to the same doctrines and sub- scribe to the Arminian system of theology ; the divergence of organization is due to matters of government only. The late Robert Walker, deceased Oct. dth, 1885, was the second Primitive Metho- dist in Toronto. He organized the first "class," and through his persist- ent and energetic work a mis- sionary from England came here and began preaching in the Masonic Hall on Col- borne street, until a chapel, on Bay street, was built and opened for service in 1832. Mission work was pushed by Mr. Walker with such zeal and energy that he was ac- customed to ride on horseback to Brampton, speak three times and return the same day ; the lesult of work like that on the part of tiie pioneers of this form of Methodism brought about the permanent establishment of Pihnitive Methodism in Canada, and out of it grew the subject of this sketch. CHAPEL AND CHURCH. The first organization in the Bay street chapel, built at a cost of £1,000, grew to 200 members and was thoroughly consolidated in 18.S3. Various ministers, among them Rev. Edward Barriss, M. A., successfully carried forward the work for 20 years, when the con- gregation bought land on Alice street and built a churiHi which cost, with the land, $20,000. Services were held one year — the Bay street property being sold — in Temper- ance Hall, and in 1854 possession was taken of the new Alice street church. Twenty years were spent in this building, the church slowly but effectively increasing in numbers and wealth, and all its activities were going forward successfully when, in 1874, a fire partially consumed the structure, and the matter of re-building or removal was forced upon the attention of the Board of Trustees. Recognizing the fact that the residential centre of the city was gradually shifting northwards and that the lower part was being given to commercial and business in- terests more especially, it was decided not to re-build but to move. The internal growth of the congregation also demanded a larger church building, hence the necessity of mak- ing a new start in a more eligible locality. After some investige^tion and consultation the site of the present Carlton street church was purchased ; it k located on the south side, near Yonge. The plot contained a number of dwellings ; 120 feet were bought on Carl- ton street and 100 feet on Anne street, thus giving the congregation a beautiful location, and the advantages of a through lot from one street to another ; the cost of the lard was $10,000; the building erected on it in 1874 cost $36,000, and it contained an orgi^n, the one still in use, wor,th |4,000. A year since the church was enlarged by Architect Wm. G. Storm, who also designee and erected the original structure, at a cost of $15,000. OAKLTON STREET ENLARGED. Mr. Robert Walker, to whom reference has here been made, was well known as a beneficent and generous Methodist ; to hie interest and devotion is largely due the erection of more than one church in thi.s city. He was actively and leadingly identi - fied with the construction and completion of the Carlton street church, and contributed largely towards its erection, having almost exclusive superintendency of the same. The growth of the church became so rapid that, one year ago, the building was enlarged to meet the necessities of this growth. The original building was 52 feet wide inside, now it is 77 feet wide ; the walls remained standing while the new walls were being built so that services were held during part of the period of enlargement. In the old building the gallery was elliptical in shape with a comparatively small well ; the minister's vestry was under the organ which proiected from the south wall, resting upon huge cantilevers and backed under a large arcn. The seats on the main floor were ranged in semi-rectilineal form and were not graded from the pulpit dais. The new architectural arrangement has changed all that; the interior of the auditorium is amphi- theatral and the floor, beginning five pews from the chancel, gradually rises to the main entrances so that an unobstructed view is had of the pulpit from all sections of the room ; the advantage of having pews near- est the I'ulpit ou a level is seen in the fact that it prevents the apparent sinking of the dais below the proper optical plane. The auditorium is 70 feet long and 37 feet higli ; the pews have iron ends ; the gallery is sup- ported by fifteen pillars, and these mark the site of the old walls ; arches have been in- troduced above the gallery and for the win- dows, formerly in pairs, six on each side, with Norman arches and capitals, are sub- stituted, with the central ones of stained brightly-coloured glass, and the others of cut glass more plainly designed. There are eight aisles down the audience chamber, giving easy access to all sittings, with two entrances from benea4)h porches on either side of the choir and three from Carlton street, all guarded with noiseless doors and screened with curtains. Back of and above the pulpit is the ciioir SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. 45 V •* •t.j^ CARLTON STKKKT MBl'HODIBT OHl'BOH. platform, separated from it by a neat wooden rail, supported by painted iron brackets. THE OIir.AN, which was built and erected in 1875 by Johnson & Sons, of Westtield, Mass. , was originally of heavy design and massive in appearance, with a plain but well-finished chestnut case. It has 28 stops and four sixteen-foot stops ; it is of pure, mellow tone, a tone rendered especially sweet on account of the spotted metal used in the composition of the pipes. The organ, whose mechanical structure and repair are cared for by Ed- ward Lye ft Son, was cut down and set back Bush with the wall, so that there is no inhar- monious break in the symmetry of the beautiful room. The entire room is uphoIstere*d and car- peted in briffht red ; this, with the delicate colouring of the fresco work, gives it a bright, pleasant, cheerful appearance that is very restful and comfortable, as well as in- spiring and helpful to a true spirit of worship. 1 he building is heated by five furnaces ; the acoustic property is excellent, the facility for seeing is without exception, the light is abundant, and no church in Toronto ofTers greater inducement .'. pleasant and agree- able service than r Mr. Storm, wliose excellent taste and skill have given to the Methodist people this beautiful and artistic building, introduced an improved method of ventilation, whereby in a few minutes the entire temperature of the room can be changed and the escape of the vitiated air effected. A NOVKL ARRAKOEMENT was discovered by the reporter during his inspection of the building. On the pulpit to the right hand of the minister is a circular hole about two inches in diameter, down in which appears the face of a small clock. It V 46 SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. i>i put in there for the purpose of reminding tlie preacher that the days of long sermons luive gone by, and its constant ticking warns III in to put his paragraphs into pointed, per- tinent and concise form if he wishes to oatch til" attcnLioii of the people of these modern, rapidly -moving times. THE EDIFICE LXTERIORLY. 'J'he general architecture of the church is tlie Norman-gothic. The edifice, including the spacious and commodious school-build- ing, is 140 feet long, made of white brick witli Ohio stone oruanientation and red brick dressing ; the roof running from the new walls on each side to the roof of the former building, together with the low-set character of the Norman, gives it all a massive appearance ; and this is intensified by the semi-circular arch and the general sln\plicity of the tentli-centui-y gothic style. But the newness of combination, where the Norman is modernized by what might be oallfd architectural innovations, certamly in this case appears to great advantage. True artistic taste is not violated by the inser- tion of the magnificent wheel window above tlie main entrance whose ornamental radia lions relieve the natural massiveness with sonietliing of grace and beauty ; there la ao disharmony between this innovation and the general architectural model of the structure, althoTigh the wheel window is of compara- tively recent introduction into church archi- tcctuie. The buildiag terminates on Anne street, in a partial oriel. This lights the lecture room, a nicely-carpeted, large room, with four comnmnicating class rooms and the Sunday school library, the latter containing ab(jut GCK; volumes. Above this room, and reached by an ample staircase, are the Sunday siliool rooms. Inserted in the two large doors are two oval panes of glass behind which are liung two cards ; on one is printed : "Early," on the other " Come in," which means that admission is pr(»per. Should a dilatory touclier or scholar come up the stairway he would be confronted from one door with the rebuke ". Late," and from the other *' Please wait," which means that he must not enter during prayer. Tiie room is semi-circular, lighted by a round and very beautifully coloured window titled into the ceiling ; there are nine class rooms ranged aroinid the semi-circle, each of V. iiich has a window and glass double doors conveniently opened or closed ; on the gallery there are six sntall class rooms im- mediately above those below, and in the centre a larger room with graduated seats for the infant department. On the main floor each teachei' has a chair and small V.t-sk table ; around this in semi -circular form are ranged seven chairs for the scholars of the class. There is thus a graceful pro- portion maintained between the very structure of the room and the arrangement of the school, giving the whole the social amphitheatral form. The walls aare paint^ed in delicate and light colours, fifteen ditt'erent shades being used in the borders alone. The floor is carpeted with a cheerful Brussels of rich design and texture ; mottoes, banners, charts and maps with blackboards and all the appliances necessary to make ~ school interesting, attractive and instru .rs at band. The school numbers 50 o. i-s and teachers and nearly 500 scholars. INTKBNAL OPERATIONS. The impression of architectural massive- ness combined with the grace and beauty of more modem taste which one gets from a Look at the building itself finds correspon- dence in the interior and spiritual life oi the congregation. All the weekly meetings are well attended, and the audieno room, which will seat 1,250, is well filled on Sundays. The first Sunday of each month is set apart for communion, baptism and the reception of members. The recent revival conducted by Rev. Sam Jones has greatly stimulated the religious life of this congregation and de- veloped a more practical habit of Christian living, so that the social meetings • ^ class meetings are more vigorous, ' asting and helpful. The contributioi w a healthy financial condition ; $2,0uv , i over is yearly received from pew rentals, more than ^,000 from plate collections and $2,500, in envelopes, for salary contribation. $1,200 is paid for missionary purposes, $1,000 towards the parsonage fimd, $200 each for the poor fund and educational fund and $300 for other con- nexional purposes. The pastor's salary is $2,400, with a parsonage on Alexander street. On May 12th, 1739, the first Methodist chapel was built — in England — by the little society of which John Wesley was leader, altliough the germs of Methodism were sown thirty years earlier. From thxt day to this, in all parts of the civilized world, and amid all its ramifications through various sects the principles of Methodism have not only maintained themselve* but have done so ag- gressively and progressively until it is one of the leading, largest and most influential churches of the Protestant form of Christian- ity. The distinguishing feature of it is found in the doctrine of Assurance, or the belief not only of the necessity of conversion, but of ability to locate the time and place of conversion. The vitality of this system of faith is centred and developed in what ia called "the class" — an organization or a I SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCH KS. 47 "W >^ XUIS PUI.PIT, ORC.Ay AND ALTAR. ^ SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. Iv4 system of organizations within each congre- gation, and to which each church member must belong . Each class has a leader, who conducts the meetings and receives each member's contribution ; the service at the weekly class meeting consists of singing, prayer and the rehtion of testimony or Christian experience. In this way each in- dividual member contributes to the general life and vigour of the congregation, and this aggregate testimony is the secret of the marvellous growth of the Methodist church on this continent. The class meetings at the Carlton street church are well attended and actively conducted, and upon them, to- gether with the efficient work of their able pastor, depend the present prosperous con- dition of the church and its favourable pro- spective growth, PASTORS, PAST AND PRESENT. Among the ministers who have succesB- fuliy served this church, Revs. Thomas Guttery, Dr. Griffith and Dr. Antliff may be mentioned. Mr. Guttery w^it from Alice street church to Carlton street as pastor ; Dr. Antliff, now of the Dominion square church, Montreal, served six years, or two terms. Rev. Hugh Johnston, M.A., B.D., the present incumbent, was bom in Southold, Ontario, in 1840 ; he is of Scottish extrac- ti(m, with one grandfather who was a Ger- man. In his youth he was teacher in a High School, and at the age of eighteen became a raiulidate for the mmistry. At his gradua- tion in Arts from Victoria college in 1864 he WHS medallist and valedictorian. That j aar lie was ordained and became the as- Histant at the old church comer of Adelaide and Toronto streets. Two years later he held the same position under Rev. Dr. Douglas, in Mon- treal, who was known as the orator of the Canadian Methodist church. Mr. Johnston then served a three years' pas- torate at Windsor after which he had charge of the Toronto West Circuit, including the Richmond street und C^tueen street churches. While located here he pursued a full divinity course in Hebrew at the University, in 1874. He then became pastor of the Centenary church, Hamilton, the principal church of London Conference, and after- wards had charge of Wesley church, in the sunie city, a large and beautiful church which was rebuilt and completed during his ministry. By urgent request he was then transferred to the >lontreai Conference and served St. James church in that city, the historic church of Canada Methodism. His health at this time was breaking down and he was ((iveti «ui WMiistMit and then took a jour'>' to the East travelling through the warm climates of Palestine, Egypt and Italy, ro covering his strength so that he was able to take another appointment, that of the Metropolitan church of this city^ from which he was transferred to tlie Carlton street church. During his service here the congregation worshipped in the Pavilion pending the reconstruction of the church building and very large congregations waited upon his ministry, so large that not only were all the extra expenses met, Imt the increase attached itself very considerabl y to the new church and materially added to its numbers and prosperity. THE PASTOR PERSONALLY. Mr. Johnston, next to Dr. Potts, is tlie only Methodist minister who has had tlje distinction of serving the three principal churcheff in Canada, viz. , St. James', Mon- treal ; Metropolitan, Toronto, and Cen- tenary, Hamilton. This fact testifies his ability, usefulness and popularity more than any friendly criticism. He is what may be |' termed a strong preacher, fervid and sin- ' cere ; his style is plain and easily appre- hended ; his sentences are terac and practi- cal ; he is a logical thinker, an excellent writer and is especially able m an excgetical preacher. He has contributed to many periodicals and his letters, of a descriptive character, are fresh, interesting and ra' y. He is a spiritual-minded man, energetic, very genial in personal intercourse and a warm-hearted gentleman. Whatever good may have. been accomplished by the recent revival is indirectly due to ^fr. Johnston, because he v^ as the one who personally suc- ceeded- in arranging for the coming of Sam Jones to this city. ,..,,>, v 1^ •I' . ^%-, *» i «4« SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. 40 NO. IX- BOND ST. CONGREGATIONAL PEN PORTRAIT OF A POPULAR PREACHKR — DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENIXO SERVICK — CRUSHING CROWDS — STYLE OF TiJE SER- MON — HISTORY OF THE CHURCH — ITS PRE- SENT CONDITION. REV, DR. WILD. Rev. Joseph Wild, M. A., D.D., pastor of this church, was born in Lancashire, Eng- land, in 1834 and came to New York in 1855, whence he travelled through some of the southern and western States, and then came to Caneida. When very young he was apprenticed to learn the machinist's trade, and worked at that trade for several years. When he came to Canada the conviction stiijed him, doubtless born of his early train- ing and the excellent influence and example of nis boyhood's home, that he must enter the ministry. After serving a Methodist Episcopal congregation in Hamilton one year ho became the beneficiary of a wealthy gentleman and pursued a course of study at the Boston Theological Institute. His education to this period having been limited he felt the necessity ofenlargin^his acquire- ments and even after his graduation at Boston he continued his studies in Eu» rope, having preached one year ia Ooderich before his departure for the old country. While abroad he preached and lectured extensively, and made good use of his advantages and opportuuitiea to add to Lis eiUicational resources. After his return to Canailii he was stationed at Orono two years and at Bellevillo seven years ; in the latter j.lace he was not only pastor of the Methodist church but he occupied tlie chair of Orientals in Albert University, and by his personal solicitations and efforts, laised $:'2(>.(»00 to relieve that institution of its financial distress. iie was a delegate to the Methodist Chinch Conference of the United States, which convened in Brooklyn, New York, in 187*2. Wiiile attending its Kcssions he «as invited to preach in one of the prominent Methodist chuivhes of that city, and at once received a call to its pat'toratc, so much were the people pleased with him. He laboured there eight years, and then in re- spon-se to an urgent invitiition from the Bond street Congregational church of this city, accepted a call to its vacant pulpit, beoinning his pastoral work in Toronto, Oct. 3rd, 1880. THE PREACHER PERSONALLY. Dr. Wild is a little above the medium height, of excellent physiciue, erect oariiage, easy but di^raitied in movement ; his hair is allowed to glow long, and is brushed back from a well-iUveloped and prominent fore- head ; a heavy flowing beard, almost white, adds to the patriarchal appearance of the man ; his featuies are mobile and the lines of his face well delineated, giving one the impression of a serious, thoughtful habit. Socially he is very genial and kind, with a laige fund of att'ection and generosity. But Dr. W'iUl as a pieaeher occupies a position, not only in the city but throughout Canada, that is unique. His reputation as an original thinker, a fearless and an out- spoken advocate of his thought, and an elo- quent preacher, together with the novelty of his sermons, has probably become more ex- tended than that of any other preacher in the dominion. It may safely be said that no other preacher than he could for six years attract the audiences that have crowded to hear him. Even Sam Jones, with all those fieculiarities that make him interesting for a ittle while, has not in him that reserve fund which would givo him a permanently attrac tive power. The secret of Dr. Wild's popu- larity is to be found in the fact that liis thought is fresh and new : he does not dione out doleful sermons that are more soporitic than inspiring ; he wastes no time in reiterat- ing oredal technicalities ; he does not palm upon his congregation crude, unthougntful sermons: they are plain. practical adaptations of Christian truth to the individiuil, the social and the national needs of the hour. Dr. Wild is up to the times ; he is liberal and progressive even while adhering to the > ^ t V rr^ % '[^ P' U SO SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. «",,, Scriptures with a literalness of interpreta- tion that has brought upon him the carping criticisms of some who are unable to take his intellectual measurement. His discourses are instructive also and he is always on the side of all humanitarian movements. His sermons are relieved by many expressions that are witty and con-seqiiently provoke laughter ; applause is frequently heard and is not rebuked ; in fact the Bond street church is Talmiwe's tabernacle reproduced, only Dr. Wild is a logician and nas a systematic method, while Talmage is erratic and disjointed. Though much may be said against Dr. Wild's special and peculiar Anglo-Israel theory, viz. : that the Saxons are the lost tribes of Israel, it is still true that he is the popular minister of the city and the most instructive preacher. THK CRrSHINO CROWD. The average attendance at his morning service ir- l,'2fX) and at the evening service 2,000. Freriuently as many as 500 people are turned away, b^ing unable to obtain ad- mission. Ill order to secure their seats the nu'inbers and pew-lioldeis are admitted at a side entrance by card, the front doors being closed until within five minutes of the hour for service ; in the meantime the crowd in- creases about the sidewalks until sometimes it extends half-way across the street ; an officer is always on hand to keep a passage- \\ ay open, and he does it with no little diffi- culty. When tlie doors are open there is a wild, mad rush for entrance ; men, women and children scramble and hurry and stumble, and are carried along by the tre- memlous pressure from behind until not even standing room is avail- able and liundi'cds a.re disapjiointeJly turni-d away. Last Nunday evt'uiiig when the subject was " Biitain and theComiiii; War," the pressure was so great tiuit the door- keepers at the side entrance on Wilton ivt'iiue were actually borne down and obliged to admit the surging miuss of people, leaving many pew-owners on the street, and even then about 800 people were outside when tiic service began. At one time when Dr. Wild was delivering a series of sermons in reply to Archbishop Lynch on " The True t'huroh," the pressure for admittance oecaiiH^ simply intolerable and he was com |)ellcd to discontinue preaching on that subject in order to ketsp people away. Com- paratively little room is left after the pew- owners are seated, because all sittings in the body of the church and about one-half of those on the gallery are rented. Tlie auditorium seats 1,575, with draw seats, (liuiira and camp stools for 600 more and standinu room fur 200. Every available foot of space is utilized, so that even the few steps leading to the pulpit oad choir platform are sometimes occupied wh' « the chancel dais affords a convenient resort for some who are content to t&ce the im- mense audience while listening to the speaker behind them. THE CONOREOATION lUf THE CHURCH. By courtesy of the officials a Telegram reporter was admitted at the side entrance on a recent Sunday evening and politely shown to a front seat in the gallery. With- in their little room these officers were over- whelmed with applications for sittings, while the door-keepers we."e energetically and rapidly inspecting the cards of admis- sion as the stream of people wended its way into the beautiful rooii;is, until it seem- ed full even befor-^ *' e main doors were opened, and then w' a rush ! There was first a low far-away ri.armur, growing louder and clearer as the crowd found its way up the staircase until the inner doors were reached and an entrance more rapid than decorous was made, followed by a genuine scramble for seats, some in their excitement and haste actually steppinsj over the tops of the back pews. And tlie women were Ju.st as bad as the men, with a sort of wild-eyed go-aheadativeness that forbade all interfcn- ence,with hats and wraps awry, with an aii' of nervous excitement long suppressed and fostered by the tiresome wait on the sidewalk, a few, at least, of tke sex called "gentler" showed theiiisclves capable of a most courageous onset where the ultimate goal was a seat. Below tlio incoining tiood was steadier, but equally full of businoss ; down the eight aisles it poured until evoi y pew was full, every draw scat occupied ; then chairs and camp stools were made to do duty until at a fair estimate 2,.S00 people waited for the coming of the minister. I'he evening congregations are doubtless swelled by many church tramps, mere curiositv-mongers who go with the crowd and find it very comfortal>le to sit in a beau tiful church, to hear the grand music and listen to a live sermon— all for nothing 'J hese church wanderers are to be found in the crowds iwery Sunday night besieging the closed doors and then madly rushing to a seat for which they have not grace enough to return more tha-i one cent. But yet the large majority of the congregation is com- posed of serious, thoughtfuimen and women, who are eagei- to hear the celebrate(l preacher even if they do not endorse his peculiar prophetic fancies. Constituted, as the evening audiences are, of this heterogeneous cliaracter,their conduct is in a similar vein. There m not that re- verential decorum which generally distin SKETCHES IN CITY CHUFK HES. »1 y K BOND 8TREKT CONtlREOATKNAL CHURCH. giiishes church gatherings, but a sort of free- und eu,8y spirit prevails ; not many bow the heud in silent prayer after entering, and thoie is a general buzz and murmur of con- vi'isation all around th« gallery ; one hardly fofhs as if he were in a church, although iiioro genuine spiritual life may exist than where rigid formality is seen. The same spirit of freedom runs through the wholt service, although numy times tears dim the t'> es when the preacher painta some pathetic picture. Y'et Dr. Wild's easy, niitiiral, ooi\ v'orsational style of delivery, interlarded with neatly-turned witticisms or rising, oc- casionally, into dramatic fervour when some patriotic tire burns within liim and leapH from his lips, bringing from the approving crowd outbursts of applause -all thist keeps alive an interest that is not to he rentraiiKii by any rigid formalism. But thin i;:'uoiii.' freedom transcends the limit of pjntonexfk when men hurry themselves into their ovvi - •'«. 52 SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES I t« coats while the doxology is being sung and the benediction pronounced. THK PRKACHKR IN THE PCLPIT. Tlie oigan was pouring out its melody, the congregation was anxiously waiting, with an expectant look in the direction of the entrance to the pulpit, when a door, seemingly built in the wgan, was opened, and with a firm, active step, Dr. Wild entered, stood by the desk, and leaning his head upon his hand spent a moment in silent prayer while the tones of the organ grew softer and a hush settled upon the vast audience ; from this time forward all conver- sation ceased, and the universal interest was centred in the speaker. With a practical, business-like air he at once took up some letters of inquiry and proceeded to answer them. It is his custom, at each evening service, to comment upon the topics and questions put to him by correspondents — a novel feature peculiar to him alone, but one of great public interest, and one which aflbrds him scope for the expression of his versatile ability. About fifteen minutes were consumed this particular Sunday evening in reading and answering the letters. Tlie first inquiry was one with reference to the doctrine of rewards and punishments, to wiiich Dr. Wild replied that " conscience does not make right or wrong, per se, but it makes right or wrong to the actor ; men should live and labour to keep their con- science." A " Pew-holder" wished to know " how much salary the Pope gets and who pays it ?" The answer was : ' ' The Queen receives less pay than the Pope. Peter's pence is his largest source of income. The last Pope left $30,000,000, so he must have had more salary than I have. If you sustain extravagance in one place shut your mouth about it in another. The Queen really pays to rule you ; f^" ^-^vern- nient administers her salary. Many papers talk of the cost of royalty when they knoW it is false. (Applause) While the whole cost of the Government is one hundred and fifty millions, she has only one hundred and fifty thousand to dispose of for Government expenses." A " Trinity Medical Student " wanted an explanation of the word "firmament," which the speaker gave, from the Hebrew, as meaning transparency, expansion, firmness. Another anxious inquirer wanted to know abeut Jonah and the whale. Dr. Wild said: "Tome miracles are nothing ; give me the whale made and the man made and I'm all right ; the word whale means a large monster. An idea for a youth who has not enough faith is that Jonah may have been thrown down into the hold or * belly ' of a fishing smack among the fish and water there until the storm was over. There was a white shark that could swallow a whale ; we drink frogs and snakes and throw tiicm out ; it is no more exaggeration to believe that a whale swallows a man than tliiit a boy swallows a frog. Man is the biggest miracle I know of ; a man who objects to miracles passes by bigger things." Another questioner, as to the true mode of baptism, was informed that the mode is non essential, baptism of the Spirit is the only true baptism. Another letter contained a cheque of $25 for the new school-house which the growing condition of the church demands. "Send all you can," said tlioj^icacher, " you can be very free with me ; I'm not delicate on money matters. " THE SINGING AND THE SERMOK. It is the aim of Dr. Wild to educate the people to sing ; hence the hymns used in this church are all of a popular character and the singing, ably accompanied and correctly sustained by the organist, Mr. John Law- son, is hearty, general and tuneful ; every- body sings and it is a grand upiising of sound, tuoh singing of the people as is rarely heard in any church. After the reading of the letters an anthem was sunc; by thei»*»fr ; it was noticeable more for harmony than ex- pression ; but the contralto solo " Abide with Me," sung at the offertory by Mrs. Manchee, was sweetly voiced and expres- sively shaded. After the anthem the preacher said : " Let us pray, dear friends ;" it was a simple, intelligible, original prayer with no cant or stale repetition ; it was a humble recognition of human dependence upon the Almighty Father put int/O language that was practical and helpful. The sermon, entitled " A Wedding that will take place fifty years from now, ' was based upon Isaiah, 62nd chapter, 4th verse, and was in a line witii the doctor's pet theory of the restoration of the ten lost tribes. 1 he sermon was carefully written, and, granting the premise, was logically -de- veloped ; the origin and history of marriages were explained, and occasional side remarks thrown in that kept the audience on the qui I'ive. The mar- riage of the Saxons to the promised land was the interpretation of the text. " Do you believe," said the preacher, " that this marriage will come off ? It will come off more surely than some that are promised here to-night." RotViriiig to the decapita- tion of tlie ancient Epliraimites who could not say Shibboleth but dropped the " h," he said, amid laughter, "If everybody liad his head off who coiUdn't pronounce ' h * many heads would be cut off." Picturing the future prosperity of this land of Pales- tine he said :— / MM re c< ihat was apter, oi'tor's en lost itten, y-dc- side the mar- mised text. ' that come jtniscd apita- could "h," k' Inui 'h' turing Palea- ^ s # TllK DKtlAN, I-ULIMT AM> WKST liAhLf.lU. H d^ SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. " Even the Fenian if he gets there won't grumble ; he will work and be content and pay no rent in that land. The Jews will go there as a whole people ; in a few years they will be subject to a severe persecution and then be glad to find a home of rest and citizenship in the land of their forefathers. The United States is the tribe of Manasseh and will be repre- sented there ; they have two colonies there now, but they have gone too soon ; they thought there would be a rise in land and a boom. We must stay at home till God tells us to go. Britain's armies and statesmen aiul coTotiies are nothing when they under- take tf) resist God ; they know no more than a child legislatively. Tories or Grits can't cliauge the purposei? of God." Dr. Wild's style of pulpit delivery is the eonversatirnial ; he is very natural ai d easy and is undismayed by the vast audiei.'es tliat rise from his feet away up towards the top of the building in a perfect sea of faces. His bursts of oratory are not long sustained ; tlu y are sudden, vehement outbreaks rather tliuii genuine oratorical ascensions to a climax ; the secret of bis attractive power is not in his delivery and address, however excellent these are, but in his original and sometimes startling expressions combined with a happy turn of humour. He has a fine voice with no pulpit affectation or mono tonous drawl in it. His sincerity and un- reserved confidence in the truth of his utter- ances also go to explain much of the secret of his popularity. THE ORIGIN OF BOND STREET CHCACH may be dated from a meeting held by ten male members of the Congregational church, Toronto, in the home of Mr. James W^ood- house, now 241 Yonge street, Feb. l.Sth, 1849. These ten men with their families had service a few weeks in that house until they rented for $100 a year a rough-cast building on the south side uf Riciunond street west, near Yonge, built by the Metho- dists. II?' was occupied in March, and in April 26 persona entered into covenant to establish the Second Congregational church of Toronto, Rev. Archibald Geike, from near Sarnia, being the pastor, at a sidary of $400 a year, though it was raised to $600 the next year. The congregation though small was luuiiionious : so greatly did this spirit of harmony prevail that four members agreed to withdraw from OddfcUowship in order to ease the consciences of sortie who looked upon secret societies as hindrances to true religion. 'i'he rouuh-cast building was biiuglit for .$1,200 in September of the same year, two of the members giving their notes for the amount. In Marcli, ]HM, Rev. Mr. Geike moved to Massachusetts, and the church was supplied by students and hj Mr, Scoble, formerly secretary of the Brit- ish and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society. There were but 35 members in 1854, when a call was extended to Rev. F. H. Marling, pastor of the Gosford street Congregational church, Montreal. He accepted and became pastor Oct. 1st, at a salary of $600, though he remained to see it increased to $2,000, Under his ministration such effective work was done that two years afterwards the old church was enlarged and modernized at a cost of .f 1,736. In 1860 the first movement towards securing " more accommodation " for the erowing church was made, but it was not until 1863 that all the deliberations and plannings resulted in anything tangi- ble. In February of that year the lot on which the present church stands was bought for !J2,200, the old Richmond street church being sold in 1:64 for $1,800, and converted to the use of the "Catholic Apostolic Church." THE SECOND ClirUCH. The corner-stone of the new church was laid June 8th, 1863, by the pastor, to whom a silver trowel in the form of a maple lea/ was presented for the purpose, the dedica. tion being made the following December. On the first Sunday of 1864 the floor of this church caught fire from an over-heated furnace, but the building was saved by the fire brigade, the injury to it by smoke and water, however, being considerable. This building cost, including land, furnishing and organ, about $14,000. It was enlarged and improved in 1870 at a further cost of 5f2,500. The internal life of the church kept pace with its external growth, or in fact the latter was the legitimate result of the former. The contributions in- creased, a mission Sunday school was established, and the church roll at the end of Mr. Marling's pastorate, in December 1875, contained 240 names. Until March, 1877, the church was pastorless ; then Mr. T . W. Handford was pastor until June 1880. Mr. Marling resigned in order to accept a call to a Presbyterian church in New York. THE THIRD CUnUCH. In 1878 the second church, which was a brick building with a spire, capable of seat- ing 450 people, was removed, except what is now the school room, on Wilton avenue, and the construction of ^the present mag- nificent church begun. The corner stone of the old building was used as the foundation stone of the new and was laid with befitting ceremony July 8th, 1878, by Mr. Jas. Fraser, senior deacon. The opening service in the new church was held May Ist., 1879. The plana and specifications of the preser.t church were designed and prepared by Archi- SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. 55 cect E. J. Lennox, who is the chosen archi- tect of the new court house, and he has given to the Congregational church a beau- tiful, commodious and well-arranged struc- ture. It is of tlie modern Gothic style of architecture, built of Georgetown limestone with Ohio stone dressing measuring 94 feet ati Bond street by 80 on Wilton avenue ; the tower, with a single pinnacle, at the soutli-west corner, is 100 feet high, and a smaller one on the north-west corner 60 feet high. It is what may be called a square church with an octagonal dome with a simi- lar inner dome or lantern covered with bril- liantly coloured glass, lighted with gas from iliGve, thus giving to the interior artistic effect. The auditorium is of the ami»lntheatral form, with a height of 65 feet to the second dome, ventilated by the inner dome and by Lonductors running beneath the floor and cai I ying the vitiated air into outer cham- bers. The ceiling is built in gracefully-lined groined arches and tinted with a pale drab lolour ; the woodwork is chestnut with l)lack walnut ornamentation, the ends of the (lews being made of ornate iron work. The organ, a small but sweetly -toned instrument, with a well-finished case and pipes orna- mented in gilt lipped with Ijlue, is back of the pulpit an( , on a level with it, the chancel dais being a icw steps lower. The pulpit is panelled with white marble in gilt lines and lias black mouldings, the contrast being marked and agreeable. The church is hKKillTLV ILLUMINATED with many pendant and bracket gasa- liers and is comfortably carpeted and upholstered ; tliree iiandsonie, large stained glass windows adorn the auditorium. Two very noticeable and connnendable features characterize the architectural con- htruction of this building— one is the double- dome arrangement which is not only novel but useful botli for lighting and ventilation to say nothing of the beauty it f<,dds to the building. The inner dome is entirely independent of tlie outer one ; a platform runs around it above the ceiling of the I'liurch from which a tine view of t/.„ city and its environs may l)e had. The second featuie is tiie facilitj' for exit ; tiiere aie six exits which will empty the entire building in three minutes and even in less time if need be ; they are so arranged that people coming down from the gal- lery will not crowd into those com- ing from the main floor, thus avoiding danger in case of an emergency ; the double dond street sw inging outward afford immediate release to the largest congregation. The entire buiklina with the ori/an cost $35,000. The acoustic properties are said to be perfect by the American and English ministers who have spoken in the building ; the graduated, horst snoe arrangement of the gallery, which seats 600 people, gives the room, when filled a massive and yet sociable appearance. But the rapid growth of the work deir.inds more room especially for the Sunday school, and it ia now contem- plated to enlarge the annex on Wilton avenue to accommodate the demand. The present school room is not furnished, and presents a rather poverty-stricken appear- ance compared with the cosy and beautiful church. MONEY MATTERS. A new and most flourishing era bej^an with the .advent of Dr. Wild. The very first .Sunday of his pastorate dated the epoch of a phenomenal success that has not only shown no indications of abatement, but, on the contrary, after six years' continuance has more vitality than before. The member- ship and interest in the church were so depleted just before he came that it was almost a question whether or not the church could live. But his splendid per- sonal character at once gave it a position that has become unassailable, while his preaching ability has given it a wide reputa- tion and a positionsecond to no other church. Four luMulred and ninety-seven members ha\e been added during his ministry, making the total nieinliership G'2'2 ; the floating debt of .§ll,r>(X) has luen paid and the income from all sources last year was f l.S,,S70. The average attendance at the Sunday school is 240 and at the mission school (>ii Chestnut street \iS(). The open collectimis amount to $5, (KM) yearly, the pew rents :$.S,;{(M), the envelope system .*.S()(). Tile congregation is a unit in the support of the pastor, witiiout, in every case, en- dorsing his special theory ; the social life is very energetic, the devotional meetings are well attended and all church operations are earrictl forward smoothly and success- fully, the able leadership of the pastor beinjj well sustained by a loyal and happy con- gregatioQ. ^' m m ■ SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. NO. X.— THE HOLY TRINITY. "WHAT AN UNKNOWN DONOR DID — AN ANOLO- CATHOIJC CHURCH — A CHORAL SERVICE — INTKRESTINO HISTORY AND ATTRACTIVE VKATimES. REV. JOHN PEARSON, Running westward from Yonge street between Louisa and Alice streets is a close letuling to a court wherein is built the (Jliuich of the Holy Trinity, ecclesiastically tonni'ctod with the Church of England. The court is now known as Trinity square ; Hfty years ago it was known aa " the fields," and constituted the garden, and cleared space around the residence of Dr. James Macaulay, an iirniy surgeon in the Queen's Rangers eighty -seven years ago. His residence, called Teraulay cottage, was removed in IS'tS, when Trinity square was laid out. Macaulay lane, now Louisa street, was described as " fronting the fields," and from this cleared space a line of unbroken forest extended as far north as the eye could reach. This clearing on the north side of Macaulay lane was almost inaccessible half a century since, and could be approached only by passing around treacherous swamps and through tangled forests. It is related by Dr Scauding that a Justice declined an attempt to find Dr. Macaulay'a house on account of the dangers by the way, when he reached the eastern" part of York one afternoon ; and it reijuired half of the next day to finish the journey. The residence was destroyed by fire during its removal to what is now the entrance to Trinity square. Twenty-five years witnessed a radical change in the appearance of this court, or "fields," which was transformed into an active, populous district, so that the lines of the historian truthfully represent the change when they say : — " Macaulay's fields are fields no more ; The trowel supersedes the plough ; Hugo inundated swamps of yore • . Are changed to civic villas now." Within a few rods of Yonge street, one of the main arteries of Toronto's commercial life, enclosed on all sides with 1)uildings so that it enjoys a quasi seckusion, even while it is readily reached, stands tiiis church which in some respects has an nni(iue char- acter and history. It is reached by a very narrow passage way from Alice street on the north, another from Louisa street on the south and the short avenue from Yonge street on the east ; it seems like some great giant entombed amid the lesser buildings on every side and whose greatness only becomes appreciable when we stand within the narrow court and look up to the battlemented turrets of the twin spirelets abo\ e the front corneis. AN ANGLO CATHOLIC CHl'KCH. It is a large brick structure, oblong in shape, with two narrow transepts adjoining the chancel. There is no attempt whatever at architectural effects, the entire building being an unpretending reflex of E iglish cathedral churches. It runs east and west, the altar being at the east end, the main entrances at the west end, with an approach from the north and one from the south into the transepts. At the south east corner and entered through a small porch is a two storied annex used for lecture and Sundaj school purposes The peculiar origin of this church is grounded in the church revival existing in England forty years ago — a revival that stimulated church architecture so that many new and ornate churches were built and old ones renovated, enlarged and generally im- proved, more attention being given to artistic results in contradistinction to the rather rigid architecture heretofore existing. Ac- companying this revival in England her grow- ing colonics were more assiduously cared for by the National Church and a systematic supervision and organization of its scattered adherents was maintained. Out of this new- born energy grew Holy Trinity. The diocese of loronto was established in 1840 be SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. 57 with Rev. Dr. Strachan as first ilishop. His fine personal qualities, his energy of admin- istration, his executive ability and his won- derful success gained him very favourable notice in Great Britain and Ireland. In this M ay it occurred to the mind of a benevolent lady whose name WM never known, that a church should be established in Bishop Strachan s diocese in Canada. This was in 1845. When he returned to Toronto from a missionary tour west he found a let- ter from Bishop Longley of Ripon, after- wards Archbishop ofCanterbury, saying that & lady, unknown to him, had deiwsited in his hands £5,000 sterling to build a church in the diocese of Toronto stipulating that it be called " Church of the Holy Trinity," ' ' the seats of which were to be free and un- appropriated forever." £3,000 of this were devoted to the building and £2,000 invested as an endowment fund for the incumbent. F.RECTION AND CONSECRATION. Toronto having been chosen as the most suitable and most advantageous locality for the church its present site was donated by Col. Jno. Simcoe Macaulay, son of the original owner of the land. While the erection of the building was in progress the unknown donor presented tine .'iilver sacramental plate for public use, and smaller service for private ministration ; she also sent a large supply of fair linen and a eoveiiiig of Genoa velvet for the altar, besides surplices for the clergy. The church was conseci'ated Oct. 27th, 1847, in the pre- sence of a large congregation. On that day, at the communion service, £50 in gold were presented, and £50 for a font, besides £50 more for clothing to be distributed among the poor. Rev. Dr. Scadding was the rector from 1847 to 1875, although Bishop Strachan fre- quently preached there. The finances were so judiciously handled that a reserve fund was created and the parish is now in a most flourishing condition, notwithstanding the free pew system, owning a parsonage in Trinity square, and now engaged in the con- struction of a new school building dire(;tly opposite. Rev. J. Pearson, foinierly of Fredericton, N. B., is rector. He is a genial, scholarly gentleman inteiested in his work and recently well known as an acti\ o agent in the abolition of one of Toronto's rapidly growing public evils. He has associated with him as curate Rev. Geo. Nattress. The church has been honoured by the offi- cial service of Rev. Dr. Scoresby, the cele- brated English Arctic navigator and ex- plorer and of Bishop Selwyn, an eminent missionary of New Zealand, both of whom preached here a few times. Lord Elgin, whow subsequent services iu India and China gave him distinction, was once a worshipper within its walls. These facts, connected with its novel origin, serve to add to its historical interest and value. On Oct. 27th, 1884, a special com- memorative service was held, at which time a memorial brass tablet affixed to the north wall was un- covered in honour of its unknown founder. The address on that occasion was delivered by Dr. Scadding accompanying appropriate religious services. The following Is the in- scription : — THIS CHURCH DKDK ATED TO THE HOLY TRINITY, Was erected through the mcnikicence ov A LADY resident IN ENCJI.AM). WHO, A. D. 1845, THROUGH THE lUSIIOl' OK llll'ON PLACED IN THE HANDS OF THE BMUOr OK I'oHONTO, I'lVE Thousand Pounds Stkki.ing, wiiekewith to ERECT A Church in his Diocese iimin the EXPRESS CONDITION THAT THE SI'lTLNCiS TliEKE- IN SHOULD BE FREE AND U.NAPPROI'KIATEO lOK EVER. With that sum the kahru \va:< ERECTED UPON A SITE GIVEN FOR THE PI Hl'OSE BY THE LATE LIEUTENANT COLONKI. JOHN SlM- COE Macaulay and an endowment provided. The foundation-stone was laid on the FIRST DAY OK JULY, A.I). lS4t}, AND THE tlUKc H WAS opened AND CONSECRATED BY TIIK IvKiHT Reverend John Strachan, Uishop <>i To- ronto, ON THE EVE OFTHE FEAST OK rfrf. S^IMO.V and jude, a.d. 1847. This tablet was placed here by the con- gregation. A.D. 1884, AS A MARK OK GRATI- TUDE TO THOSE THROUGH WHOSE LIBERALITY THEY ENJOY THE PRIVILEGES WHICH THIS HOLY PLACE AFFORDS. WILLIAM STEWART DARLING. No account of the history and services of the church of the Holy Trinity is complete without reference to the eminent work of Rev. Mr. Darling, who, for nearly thirty years, was intimately associated with all its interests. In 1855 he was appointed ii>>sist- ant minister, which position he held until 1875, when he became the lector. As some one said, "these years spent in this thickly populated and poor i)arisli were years of tiie most unremitting and earnest labour whoso fruits were evidenced in a large, united and devoted congregation, conspicuous for hi artl- ness of worship and forwardness in all yood works." Mr. Darliii;; was endowed with such (jualities of zeal, sympathy and genial- ity that he attracted to him the love and confidence of the young and " few pastors have endeared tliemselves more univei-sally to their flocks." To his untiring ctioits and conscientious devotion are largely due the present strength and inriuenee of thi.« parish. The revival of ciiuroh life and work in Toronto as manifested by the introduction of daily public prayer, weekly communion, choral services, surpliced choirs, and otiter accessaries of divine worship which tend to III i 'i>- t If.' - 58 SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. CHURCH OF THE HOLY TRINITY. make it a thing of glory and of beauty, and by the many organizations and metliods which exist for bringing the influence of the church to bear upon the masses, would but for Mr. Darling's earnestness and zeal, cour- age and perseverance, been of much later beginning than it was, fof few and feeble, if any, were the steps taken in these directions till he had led the way and rallied with voice and example, as a leader of men, the forces of the party with which he waa identified. AN INSIDE VIEW. Tn these rapidly moving times an edifice built forty years ago begins to bear about itself an air of antiquity. If the building is associated, as in this case, with a service that is venerable on account of an unbroken historical enrichment the feeling ot venoration is en- hanced, so that a visit to Holy Trinity gives one this impression. Like all cathedral churches the vastnesa of it establishes no sympathy between the worshipper and the building ; cathedrals seem to be built more for elegance of artistic results and grandeur of architecture than for the comfort or con- venience of devotees ; the service is to supply everything and, in this respect, cathedral service is the acme of all service, in that it SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. 59 10 le re ir furnishes attractions and interest beyond Vhc mere luxury of the building. The sanctuary seems far away from the main entrance ; the intervening space is occupied with narrow seats, divided into in- dividual compartments by small strips of wood, each seat having a single rail at the back with a book-rest in front and a kneeling-stool below. The floor, save the three aisles covered with mat- ting, is uncarpeted, and there is not a vestige of upholstery about the buildint' except that of the chancel and sanctuary . Within the four entrances are four huge stoves, two in which wood is burned and two for coal ; the building is well lighted with stained glass windows and by neat gasaliers . The ceiling is buttressed directly from the walls, so that no pillars obstruct the view, and is harmoniously painted and decorated, the walls being wainscoted several feet from the floor. A very small gallery, enclosed by the turrets, rests above the western vestibule, and is reached by two narrow winding stairways, one on each side. Two visitors books are kept, with a request attached that all persons worship- ping there inscribe their names and addresses. Just within the southeni transept is the baptismal font, a huge stone erection upon a Bt^ine elevation reached by three stone steps circumscribing it. WITHIN THE CHANCEL. At the north-west corner of the chancel is the organ, a magnificent instrument, the pipes with their gilt and blue ornamentation milking a bright and pleasing contrast with darkly -coloured case. The instrument.built by Lye & Son, of this city, is of great power and resonance, capable oi instant reduction to the most melodious combinations and tones. Projecting beyond the chancel rail is the pulpit and to its left the reading desk. The surpliced organist sits within the chan- cel with two long lines of seats behind him and two similar lines on the opposite side for the choristers. Back beyond all this two steps rise to a dais upon which are placed the bishop's and clergy's stalls ; two steps further and the altar is reached ; it is covered with red velvet, fringed with white silk and the monogram I.H.S. with a cross above it all worked in white silk ; on one corner of the altar is a large service book sustained by a highly polished brass stand, while on a ledge above it are two fine sconces containing wax candles, with two vases filled with fresh, sweet-smelling flow- ers and a cross in the centre — all made of fine brass. The eastern wall of the sanctu- aiy is panelled in the third-pointed French (iothic of the building while above the win- dow is the inscription : " Holy, holy, holy Lord God Almighty," the beatitudes of the sermon on the Mount being inscribed above he window of the nave. The chancel has a blue canopy plentifully sprinkled with gilt itars The large, variegated, stained-glass win- tlow above the altar presents a rich and beautiful appearance at a distance, but is not sufficiently well executed to bear close and critical inspection, on account of a want of clearness of delineation and delicacy of colouring. The four evangelists are repre- sented above and the four major prophets below. The window, made in Edinburgh, jost £150. But the entire arrangement of the chancel is in keeping with the churchly idea which is truly unfolded only in cathe- dral architecture as well as in cathedral ser- vice. RUGGED SIMPLICITY. The school portion of the structure, at the south-east corner, is in perfect accf)rd with the antique character of the edifice. On the lower floor is a large room, uncarpeted and unadorned, with a small vestry adjoining, in which the weekly meetings are held. Above it is the Sunday-school room, also unfur- nished, unless plain settees and chairs can be called furniture. The unplastered walls are painted white and the rafters and otlicr wood- work of the roof painted dark ; a huge wood stove stands on one side and a small recess is curtained wherein is stationed an altar from which the service is conducted. While all this is true to that specific form of church life in which tlie Holy Trinity is em- bosomed, yet the aspect is so devoid of finish and colour that it seems almost rude in its stei"n primeval nature. A number of Scrip- ture scenes illustrated in pictures of the most ancient and inartistic style are hung on the low white walls about the room. The Sunday school is a flourishing one, numbering about 350, with an average attendance of over 2()0, including a Bime class of 50 and 36 officers and teachers. More commotlious and convenient rooms will be had when the new building is com- pleted, and to this the school is anxiously looking. Of the $350 received by the treas- urer last year |i()0 was sent to the Indian Homes at Sault Ste. Marie and 200 volumes were added to the Sunday school library. A CLIMB IN THE D.>RK. Although the general character of the building is of that simplicity combined with massiveness, growing out of the middle-age Christian architecture, that symbolizes the true cathedral habit, yet the worship is rich and cultivated in its ceremony. Strictly speaking the service of this church is not ritualistic ; it is liturgical and in entire agreement with the Church of England I 60 SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. TBI OBOAK, OHANOBL AND ALTAB. serrice as celebrated in the old ooantry for the last three hundred years. A com- munion is celebrated every Sunday at 8 and 11 a. m. and on All Saints' Holy days, the Litany every Sunday at 4:30 p. m. and choral evensong a- 7. Ordinary the morn- ing service is a plain Bervice.jbut on the first and^third Sundays of each month and on festival days the communion service is chanted ; there i» even ■ SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. 61 song every clay at 5:30. At the usual morning service about too people are present, but the evening ser- vice tinds the church filled ; it seats about SOO. There are 400 communicanta, and H,714 communion services were held during the last year. " I should like very much to have the privilege of sitting on the gallery in order to jet a good view of the choristers," said a Telegram reporter last Sunday evening to the black -robed beadle of the Holy Trinity. "Just wait a minute till I come back," iaid that busy functionary as be rushed iway to look after a stove at the far end of the building. *' Now, then, step tliis way," be resumed, opening a narrow door at the foot of one of the turrets ; " just keep right :>n till yini come to a green door and push it ipen," was the parting instruction as the little door was closed behind him, and the I eporter found himself in total darkness ; with one hand groping along the damp cir- culfir wall and the other outstretched to ward off any unseen danger, the narrow winding stairway was followed, by faith iHit by sight, until the green door was reach- ed ; after an almost despairing effort to find the latch, an effort not conducive to the ' ultivation of a reverential temper, the (ioor at last fiew open with a bang that tiireatened to bring the eyes of the whole ongregation gallerywards. After enough I if the accumulated dust of months had been cleared away from the unused seat a fine view of the nave and chancel, brilliiintly lighted, was deemed a reward for the peri- lous ascent. Far away the processional chant was faintly heard, like the distant murmur of some hidden waterfall ; its soft, gentle music grew stronger and louder until the vestry door was opened and the surpliced choristers slowly and reverently entered while the inspiring music rose and fell in liquid melody, growing louder and stronger as the clear tenoi' wove sweet sounds above the splendid har- mony of the deep bass. The double line processional, led by two very small boys and graduated by two larger ones and so on along the line until 24 boys and 18 men, fol- lowed by the rector and curate, were count- ed, slowly wound its way to the front of the chancei, and entering it divided at the sanc- tuary, the congregation meanwhile standing. THE LUXURY OF MUSIC. Too much cannot be said in praise of the musical rendition of this service. Mr. A. R. Blackburn, who is organist and choir- master, has developed a musical ability that makes evensong at this church not only a pleasure but a luxury, and that, too, at no saicrifice of a devotional spirit ; indeed, the most casual listener iiiust be inspired and uplifted by the sweetness and harmony of it. It is what is known as the choral servioe ; the prayers, the creed and the responses are all intoned by the choir, composed entirely of male voices, the full choir in this church numbering 51 members ; 24 of these are men and 27 Iwys ; the former are divided into nine tenors and 15 bass, Lhe latter into 22 trebles and five altos. The minj;rliii;^ of the fresh, clear, young voices of tliu boys with the pure tenor and full round bass voices of the men produces an effect that is delightful. The intonution of the prayers, which to an ordinary I'rotestant of unculti- vated musical taste seems novel if not irre- ligious is, when conducted with feeling and expression, very impressive and restful. On this occiision Rev. Mr. Pearson in- toned the prayers in excellent style with a full rich voice accompanied by the choir — the organ playing a soft and low refrain as the petition was hmnble and penitent or rising and swelling with triumphant gladness when voicing the greatness and honour and glory of the Almighty Lord. The congregation was worshipful, nearly every individual having the use of a p>ayer- i)ook and every one intensely following the ancient service enriched with historical value and beautified with the melody and harmony of reverent music. Rev. Mr. Nattress read the evening lessons and preached a short sonnon. He is a minister of fine address, good voice and evideutlv of great sincerity. Two hymns were nung, one, " Singing to welcome the pilgrims of the night," being especially well sung. The cliural service before the sermon lastetl an hour, the sermon twenty minutes, the concluding service and reces- sional occupying ten minutes. Attentive officials are at hand; all seats at all services are free, the rector and his curate are intensely interested in their work and anxious to accommodate all inquirers with their official servicen. The last year's report shows an income of $1,120 83 through the envelope system, $2,- 416 69 through the general offertory, and .%586 75 through the clergy fund, wliile the total receipts from all sources amounted to $9,514 23. The membership is divided into minor organizations for the prosecution of the work the Holy Trinity feels culled upon to do and the work is con.scientiously done reflecting credit upon its congregation and in that way honouring its generous but unknown founder. L 62 SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. , ., , NO. XL— SAINT LUKE'S. DESCRIPTION OK AN ANGLO-CATHOLIC CHTTBCH, WITH REFERENCE To ITS CLERGY, SERVICE AND SERMON — INTERESTING INFORMATION. REV. JOHN LANOTRY. One of the distinguishing features of the citj of Toronto is not only the number but the vtvriety and beauty of its cliurches. Ahnost every phase of church iicliitecture fr.)in the massive Norman totix more grace- ful inodeinized (70thic is seen in their con- struction, and sometimes an anomalous and yet not inharnioniou.s combination of differ- ent stylea. All over the city from the great cathedral with its elaborate decorations duw n through less pretentious structures to the modest chapel witli its humble belfry, spires, pinnacles and turrets rear them- selves above the house-tops as if to point men to the beauty of that heaven fKiitrayed in the service, song and sermon of the chancel below. And the impressivcness of the outward structure is oll'set with su- h elegance and convenience of the inside ap- pointments that church-going in this city is made attractive and enjoyable independent of any special pulpit effort or charm of service. But when a cultured service is added to the beauty of the building, when delightful music weaves melody about chancel and nave seeming to bear the wor- shipful spirit (m its bright pinions up and away from the harassing cares'and anxieties of every day life then church -going becomes a pleasurable enjoyment and creates an in- centive to a good lite. The Roman Catholic church and the Church of England denomin- ation are especially fortunate in Toronto in affording facilities for this higher form o< Christian worship. With finely - built and richly- appointed edifices fit- tingly supplemented by ornate and dignified ritual these various churches have not only become general objects of architectural pride and grandeur, but they are the special objects of attraction for thousands of our citizens whos? tastes and inclinations find gratification in .'^^ha^ special form of service. HOMES FOR THE POOR. Another characteristic of this form of Christian activity in this city is that par- ticular arrangements are made for the poor. In every liturgical church in Toronto special accommodations are made to seat strangers and poor people who do not own or rent a pew. In some cases the entire building ia made " free " at the evening service; in other cases certain pews are reserved foi- the purpose, and in a few cases the entire church Duilding at all services is free and unap propriated. St. Luke's, of the Church of England, situated at the south-east corner of St. Vincent and St . Joseph streets is one of the latter. Not a single pew or sitting is rented ; every visitor is at liberty and cordially welcomed to seat himself according to his own choice at any service he may choose to attend. A placard is hung within the vestibule, which reads : — "The services of this church are main- tained entirely by the offertory. There are no pew renti. All seats are free. Amount required ea:h Sunday, $85." Then follows a statement i>f the amount received the last Sunday with the deficiency, if any. The whole arrangement is a voluntary one, and no one is compelled to pay for the privilege of worshipping his Maker. St. Luke's is an oblong red brick building, with sandstone dressing, 1 \!) x 64 feet in dimension, the nave measuring 78 x 38 feet with a height of 39 feet, and a chancel 28 r 24 feet. The aichitects, Mc'^srs. D,\rling i\, Curry, have made excellent use of their judgment in drafting so tine alnulding artis- tically designed and executed ; tlie most has been made of the little capital available when the building wa.s erected. It is a rather plain structure, with no towers or pinnacles or special orna- mentation that odds so much to the native graceful Gothic outline. But the porch nt the south-west entrance is notewo> thy, ou account of its unique design and beautiful adornment. Upon the dark scroll work above is inscribed : " Except the Lord build the house they labour in vain that Iniild it." The building has hollow wallB ; inside the jair *, anhes, mouldings and em- bellishments are of white and black pointed SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHEa 63 ,in- fire it ,t e ul lie ill list ital va.s ilT, na- ive at oil tful »ik liafe U; jsm- Iti'd brick, the intervening spaces being finished in tinted stucco. The ceiling is also stuccoed and supported by buttresses, whose corbels are cut to represent the heads of the apostles. There is no regular arrangement of the windows, but their difference of form comports with the novelty of the building, one of them being a wheel-window, the others uf Gothic form. The pews are long, uncushioned, but comfortable, made of pine which is stained ; the aisles are neatly car- peted with matting. CHANCEL, ORGAN AND ALTAR. A transept on the south near the chancel contains a number of pews and the stone font ; to the right of this and reached by three stone steps, is another recess for pews, with a passage-wiiy to the clergy's study, the whole supported by a heavy stone ctilumn, the two brick arches of the centre being ornately finished. At the foot of one of the supporting columns is the comer- stone of the building bearing the inscription written underneath a cut cross : " ASCENSION DAY, 1881," that being the day of consecration. On the northern side is carved : " Laid by Ven. Geo. Whitaker, Provost of Trinity Col- lege." NKAR THE OROAN. On the stone steps of the oiiancel stands the lectum, a carved eagle and a most ex- cellent piece of handiwork ; the pulpit is also on the outoide of the chancel area, and is a simple woodeu structure, neatly covered with a purple, fringed moatl*. The chancel. entered through the painted iron gates, is carpeted, and contains seats on either side for the choristers at right angles to the altar, with the organ on the norm side ; the pipes of the lattor are gilded with Indian red and blue finishins. A highly-polished brass rail separates the sanctuary from the choir ; within it is the altar, covered with velvet and satin, with the monogram LH.8. inwrought, and a fine brass cross above it, the posterior wall concealed by a dark purple portiere. The ceilings of the chancel and the organ loft are finished in wood curiously and yet very prettily ar- ranged. The room is clearly lighted by ten slender gasaliers, containing five jets each, with several brackets about the chancel. The robing rooms are below, where also is located a very cosy and comfortable chapel in which the weetr-day services are held. It has all the appearances necessary for the conduct of the service peculiar to the Anglo - Catholic phase of Christianity, and is separ- ated from the ante rooms by portieres pun ■ dent from the arched entrances. The entire building is heated by stoves and furnaces in the basement. The total value of St. Luke's property, including buildings auid land, is about $22,000. ST. LUKK's CLERICAL STAFF. Rev. John Langtry, M. A., is tlio rector of St. Luke's and has associated with him Rev. O. P. Ford, M. A., as first curate aiiering or giggling, no writing in hymn books, ro sly whisper- ings during prayer ; the conduct was irre- ftroachable. The solution of this is to he ound in ttie nature of the bervice ; it waa, 1. M SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. as liturgical service always is, reverent aud dignified, everything being said and done decently and in order. The service is of the Anglo -Catholic type, being a choral service at evensong and semi-choral in the morning. Xo ladies are in the choir ; it is composed of 40 men and boys, altliough last Sunday evening only 28 were present. An excellent prelude on the organ introduced the proces- sional hymn : — "There is a blessed home Beyond this world of woe," •which was led by the surpliced choristers winding their way from the vestry through the transept into the nave, and then into the chancel ; the procession was concluded by the curates, Revs. Robt. C . Caswall, M. A., an Oxford graduate, who intoned the service, and 0. r. Ford, M.A , who read the lessons and preached the seimon. A some- what novel feature was the intonation of the Confession by the minister repeated, in choral, by the choir and congregation. At every Gloria most of the people inclined tlieir heads ; and whenever the name of JesHs was pronounced, whether in prayer or liymn, heads were bent low. The music was fine, and justified the reputation this choir enjoys ; the recitation of the Creed was accompanied by a low refrain upon the organ that was full of delicious melody ; it was the oblique movement running up and down and winding in and out of the musical monotone yf the choristers with a lifjuid flow that'^as delightful. The prayers were intoned T/ith an antiphony by the olioir. A special feature of the Church of England service is the prescribed prayers for the Queen, the Prince and Princess of Wales and the royal family ; petitions for these are ofi"ered at every regular service. OOMMITTING DKICIDE. Rev. O. P. Ford, the first curate of this palish, is "a double first man " of Trinity College. He has recently come to St. l^uke's, having been connected with the Holy Trinity and St. Matthias' churches, of this city, and before that was the incumbent at Woodbridge. He is a young man of quiet method, very cordial and gentlemanly and of excellent disposition in the discharge of his clerical duties. When mak- ing tlie announcements he stated that the prayers of the congre- yation were desired for "a member of the iiirls' Friendly Society who is seriously ill." An idea of the weekly work of the parish was atlorded when he announced thirteen different meetings tor the current week. The service preceding the sermon lasted lifty-five minutes ; then Mr. Ford, having withdrawn to change the stole of his sur- plice, entered the pulpit and delivered a sermon upon the two-fold nature of sin as a disobedience of the law of Glod. " There are deadly sins," he said " from which man can never be saved, and sins that are not deadly. Though a man may not be a great- ly advanced Christian be can avoid great, overt actions. " The following are some of the striking sentences of his excellent ser- mon : — Disappointments and chastisements are veiled blessings if we have the skill to see it. Accidents and misfortunes can be trans- muted by the alchemy of Christian love into beauty and devotion. Sin is an unmixed, disintegrating evil, which brings no good to man. Have you ever heard the bright, clear, ringing laugh of one upon whose conscience rests no stain, and the laughter of some poor creature that came out of the depths of hell ? Did you ever think that the eternal con- sequences of disobedience affect those who get to heaven at iMt ? The one and only evil that afflicts Al- mighty God is the evil of disobedience of created wills. Because man is made for eternal life the good have hard things to bear. Deadly sin is Deicide because it destroys the wisdom and love of God. If God stood off at a great distance and sent laws in books and by messengers, we could say with the Epicureans that God is careless ; but when He comes on the cross and dies, then hard hearts should become soft. A vision addressed to the heart will move more than a message addressed to the reason. These are some of the utterances of the speaker. They reveal a logical habit of thought and a method of expression that challenges attention. Mr. Ford is an easy, extemporaneous speaker, not of great physi- cal energy, but one who has something thoughtful to say. His sermon was largely of the interrogatory style and his remarks were forcible and impressive. The offertory at the morning service was $178. It is always received upon silver plates by four churchwardens, two of wliom carry it to the priest at the chancel, who re- ceives it all upon a larger salver and conveys it to the second priest at the altar, who de- posits it thereon and then kneels there while a prayer of thanksgiving is said. A bene- diction is pronounced and the recessional hymn sung while the choristers and priests letiro, after which the congregation slowly and orderly withdraws. SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. 67 the of that jasy, lysi- hing il\ was ver horn re- veya o de- hilo Dene- ional iests owly « • NO. 12.— KNOX CHURCH. SKETCH OF ONE OF TORONTO'S OLDEST CHUHCHES — ITS BUILDINGS AND PASTOKS THE CONVEBTED WHUSTLES." JEW — THE KIST OF REV. H. M. PARSONS. Sixty years ago, when this fair city of Toronto with its well paved streets and beau- tiful tlioroughfares, was contemptuously called " Muddy Little York," when swamps and tangled thickets existed where now costly buildings rear themselves as monuments of niodern enterprise, a huge tannery occu- pied the western side of Yonge street be- tween Newgate (now Adelaide) and Lot (now Queen) streets. Enormous piles of hemlock bark were stacked on the Yonge street side of this tannery which was owned by the late Jesse Ketchum who possessed all of this property, with Richmond street pas- sing through it; he himself projected and opened what is now Temperance street. Tliis (quadrilateral section of land was subae- quently bestowed by him upon va- rious religious bodies. That section now bounded by Richmond and Queen, Yonge and Bay, was deeded by him to the Presby- terians who still own it, except the Yonse street frontage, whioh they sold to the parties now holding the properties along that line. ORIGIN OF KNOX OHTTROH. In thti FiJl of 1820, Rev. Jas. Harris, of Belfast, Ireland, organized the first Presby- terisui congregation in Toronto, at which time it was resolved to build a church. Mr. Ketchum not only gave the land but he built the church and the old records con- tain the agreement, which reads : York, 25th Dec, 1820. I promise to give for the above purpose Lots No. 3 and 4, lying be- tween Hospital street and Lot street, in this town, and in building £125 os. od. cy. (Signed), Jesse Keto hum. The first building was a small wooden structure facing Richmond (then Hospital) street ; afterwards a roughcast brick addition was made to the rear. Another record states that the brick building was first erected, and a T shaped wooden building annexed on the south capable of seating 900 people. At all events the entire building was con- sumed by fire May Slst, 1847, from which nothing was saved but the pulpit, after- wards used in the basement of the present building. The remaining portion of the church land was mainly used for the cultivation of potatoes, a large garden of them lying along Queen street. It was leased for 21 years at a rental of £45 per annum, the rents to go to the minister. The new church was open- ed Feb. 18th, 1822, and was the only Pres- byterian church in this city until St. An- drew's, at Church and Adelaide streets, was built, in 1827. The account of the disriiption in the established Church of Scotland, in 1844, has already been given in this series of articles. The contest reached St. Andrew's church in this city and 83 members withdrew, organiz- ing a new congregation which united with the Richmond st. church, Rev. Mr. Harris retiring on an annuity and Rev. Dr. Bums, of Paisley, Scotland, being called as pastor of the united congregations at a stipend of £400 and £100 travelling expenses, the united congregation taking the name of " Knox Church,' the union being formally consummated Dec. 30th, 1844. After the destruction of the church by fire the congregation worshipped in St. An- drew's church and in Temperance hall, pending the erection of a new building. On Septenujer 21st, 1847, the corner stone of the present building was laid, and it was occupied a year later. THE OHUBCII THEN AND NOW. It was a plain brick structure, with the old-fashinnea, high, square-backed pews both on the gallery and main floor, arranged in stifi', formal manner straight across the church. The only ornamentaJ portion of the room was the pulpit and its oak and walnut canopy — the same that are in use to- day — a most ornate and artintio piece of ■,^n n. 68 SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. ! % workmanship ; the canopy with its pinaaclea ind graceful gothic lines being especially aoteworthy. Twenty-two years after its erection the church was renovated, some- what ornamented, the backs of the seats lined, and the whole given a more modem and more comfortable character. In 1881, according to plans prepared by Gordon & HelliwelT, the entire inside of the church was alvered at a cost of $9,000. The pulpit was lowered, the gallery front changed to iron and the seating changed from the stiff, old straight-backed pews in formal order to the modified amphitheatral form, and the change has so entirely affected the appearance of the auditorium that it is virtually a new room. The secret of the increased beauty and comfort of the church is found in the removal of straight lines in its architectural arrangement and the substitution of curved lines — Hogarth's "line of beauty." The pews, made of butternut, with walnut mouldings, are all most comfortably up- holstered and the floor is entirely carpeted, the vestibules and stairways being covered with matting. The panelled ceiling is tastily frescoed and ornamented. The pulpit is reached by a little winding stairway on each side, enclosed with balustrades. It has doors with bolts on the inside, though for what purpose it is hard to conceive. Presbyterian ministers are supposed to be sufficiently staid and moderate in their de- liverances, so that no device to keep them from falling down the stsiirway seems to be necessary. On a little shelf just beneath the top of the pulpit is a cavity for the re- ception of the mmister's watch, so that he may watch the time and not tire the con- gregation with too long s. sermon. Back of the pulpit is tbe- organ. Like all organs built by Warren & Son, it is one of singularly sweet tone, and yet capable of great power. But the architectural con- struction of its case is probably not exceed- ed by that of any other in the city. The lower part is panelled in oak, with walnut trim- mings . The pipes are arranged in curved lines, and on either side massed in columns ; they are white, ornamented with gilt and dark red and the whole front, with the beau- tiful canopy, looks like some little palace. Immediately below the pulpit ana sunk down into the communion platform is the key-board, and in this oavity the organist tits screened from the congregation by a wooden partition outside, and against this is a stationary arm chair flntshed in velvet, and in front of that a large communion table, the whole resting upon a platform raised three steps from the main floor. It is not customary in a Presbyterian church to speak of the "altar," "chancel," "font," etc., because the effort is Lo keep as far away as possible from both the theory and practice of Catholicism. It is a commodious room, seating 476 in the gallery and 661 below, with a measure- ment of 72x50 feet and a height of 46 feet ; it is made so comfortable and pleasant that the mere sitting in it is almost a luxury ; it has evidence on all sides of artistic at- rangement and taste, and reflects great credit upon the architects, for it is second in these respects, to no church in Toronto. Worship in such a room should certainly be a matter of delight,andthat it is so consider- ed the constantly large attendance testifies. THE MEMOBT OF THE JUST. Thera are marble tablets in the central vestibule inserted to the memory of Revs. Harris,, Bums and Topp. The generous donor of the land is gratefully remembered by one which reads : — In Commemoration OK JESSE KETCHUM, ESQ, And also in grateful acknowledgment of his generous gift to this congregation of the ground on which this church is built and of the adjoin- ing property. This tablet is placed in compliance with a unanimous resolution of the congregation — 9th march, 1870. — Another tablet reads : — Thx Conoreoation of Knox Church Have placed thn monument in memory of HON. JOHN McMURRICH, For 32 years elder of this church. Bom at Knock, Renfrewshire, Scotland, February 3rd, 1804. Died at Toronto, Feb. 13th, 1883. " A sheaf of com fully ripe." Thero is a very graceful and very lofty tower and spire above the main entrance on Queen street, containing a bell purchased in 1849 ; it weighs 1,621 lbs., and cost £157 3a. In 1873 the present Sunday-school and lecture room building was added to the south of the church proper at a cost of over $18,000. It is an immense building, and as devoid of ornamentation and furnishing as the church is luxurious m all its appoint- ments. The school -room on the upper floor ia an immense barn-like room, uncarpeted and unadorned, save for the very beautiful rose window left in the northern wall, and which is above the organ iu the church audi- torium. With the lofty ceiling and the eighteen tall windows, the bare floor, the hard, unpainted, short settees, the unadorn ed walls, it seems the lost place in v/hich JIttle light locat; the ri great Snndi applii growi gradii the 81 yeafp disast atteiK Tht this SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES, sr id. aa int- loor Ited liful iind idi- I the the prn lirh KNOX CHCRCH FROM TONOB STREET. Jtttle children would find comfort and de- light, and yet the Bchool numbers 350. The location of the building is too far away from tb« residential portion of the city to make great progress in the acquisition of new Sunday-school scholars. And this remark applies as well to church membership. The growing commercial interests of the city gradually push the residential out towards the suburbs, and the consequence will be, yeai-8 after this, to very materially, if not disastrously deplete the membership and attendance of down-town churches. The lecture room, on the first floor of this back buildins:, immediately inside the Richmond street entrance, serves its purpose very well. The ante-roonis on either side of it are very comfortably fur- nished, the deacons' court room containing a fine upright piano, while the vestry on the other side is hung with a number of steel engravings. Down in one coiner of the latter room the reporter found an old japan- ned, trunk-like tin box, ujwn tlio lid of which is written, " Mrs. Topp, Toronto, C. W." It doubtless came here from Edin- i burgh twenty-eight years ago, when that lady's husband became pastor A wide hall i sives entrance to the auditorium of the § V'"-«F 1 70 SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. I iU_ chvirch on either side, and also to the gallery. RUNNING HISTOBY OF KNOX CHURCH. Mr. W. B. McMurrich has prepared an hiistoriciil summary of the church, and to that thia article is largely indebted for its review. In 1850 the ladies of the congrega- tion held a bazaar in the City Hall to reduce the debt of the church, and £800 waa realized. By permission of Sir Hugh Dal- ryniple the band of the 71st Regiment fur- nished the music, and the Governor-General and the Countess of Glgin and Kincardine patronized the affair. The congregation always continued an even, steady progress, internally disturbed by only two matters of very great moment, the Lubin affair and the organ introduction contest. In 1853 Lubin, a converted Jew, canvassed the city churches for the purpose of collecting money with which to prosecute mission work among his own people. He had a number of creden- tials as to the genuineness of his work and endorsing him personally. Dr. Bums, pastor of Knox church, asked to see these papers and when he read the one purported to be signed by the Pope he said : " The Pope may be a very bad man but he is not a bad scholar, and he would never write a credential like that." He therefore refused Lubin his support, wliile other ministers of the citj endorsed him and this led to a very unpleasant state of affairs, and one that was aggravated when Dr. Burns had Lubin arretted and tried by the Police Magistrate for ( ollecting money by false pretences. The ( ase was dismissed, and a dissension occur r( d about the matter in Knox church, but the majori^ sustained Dr. Burns, and the con {regation was not seriously affected. After twelve years' labour Dr. Bums re- tired, and Rev. Alex. Topp, of Edinburgh, was called and auccessfully served the church, with gradually failing health, how- ever, until Oct. 6th, 1879, when he died universally beloved and es- teemed. The leases of the church property having fallen in, new awards were made in 1871 as follows : Queen street frontage S3 00 per foot, Richmond street frontage $2 per foot, Richmond and Bay frontage $2 60 per foot. Bay street, 30 x 36^, 60 cents per foot. In this year a church on Duchess street waa built at a cost of $1,800, and a new Sunday school and congregation organized in it. SOUNDS FROM THE ORGAN. The General Assembly of the Presbyterian church passed a decree that any congregation desiring to use an organ in its services might do so if a majority voted for it. In 1873 Knox church voted on the question, but the motion to have an organ was lost by a small majority. The same unfortunate contention that at- tended the introduction o' the " Klst of Whustles " into many Presbyterian churches afflicted the history of Knox church. In 1875 a motion " to ascertain the feeling o the congregation in regard to the introduc- tion of an organ and hymns " was made, bat was not carried. In February of that year, however, the session sanctioned the use of an organ in the Sunday school. " Are you in a position to tell me any- thing about the introduction of the organ into Knox church ?" said a Telegram re- porter to a prominent member. " Yes, I am," said he. " It waa intro- duced in the luost Jesuitical way, as sacb things are always done. At first they wanted one in the Sunday School, so they borrowed a harmonium and never retomed it " *" Did they pay for it r* •' Oh, yes, one or two would do that for the sake of getting it in there. And that shows how crafty they were to teach the children to like the organ, and when they grew up and became voters in the church, a new organ would be voted in . " " What other steps were taken to further such a purpose ?" '* Why they put a piano in the vestry for the amusement of the ladies while they were sewing. These were little symptoms ; first they trained the young to like the organ and then the ladies ; they were all little tricks of Jesuitism. But at the annual meetings the organ was always voted down, and when they did get it in it was by a bare majority, and when the congregation endorsed it six or seven of the session resigned and left. Dr. Topp was opposed to it, and it could not be introduced while he wsia there. " This little conversation is a key to the situation on this all-important organ quea- tion. The speaker's manner waa an evi- dence of the deep feeling he himaelf had upon the matter and a feeling that ia shared to a considerable extent by many of the older members of this church. But this is only one illustration of the difficulties always attending the conflict between the old and the new and of the tenacity with which the old clings to the associations and habits of the past. There must always be pain and distress when the rapidly moving energies of modern times crowd out the ancient usages for cus- toms that are more in accord ' with the demands of later civilization and growing refinement and culture. While this organ conflict in Knox church very nearly approached a dangerous schism, yet the con- gregation kept united and the minority, for SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. 71 ' %»> f OBiQAN, Fi;L.i>IT AMD PaSOfiMTOB. S CHUUi.. 7^ SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. thti sake of unity and peace, quietly sub- iiiitted, and by that submission undoubtedly iissists iu the perpetuation and growth of the church. In 1877 the trustees recommended to the congregation the purchase of an organ so 5-oon as tl;'' funds were raised. This report treated a 1 .ely discussion. 202 voted for tile or^au, l04 voted against it and 233 de- clined to vote either way. The agitation M-as continued until March, 1878, when 206 voted for an organ and 169 against it. A canvass for funds wa.8 made, but the organ was not put in until three years later. The music up to this time was conducted by a precentor who "sounded the pitch " and led the congregation in singing. THE PRESENT PASTORATE. On April 16th, 1880, Rev. Henry M. Par- sons, pastor Lafayette street church, Buffalo, was inducted into this pastorate and has . successfully . carried forward the history of Knox church, so that in every respect it • -■tands to-day in advance of its previous life. Tliere are 287 families connected with the church and 930 communicants ; l^he morning attendance averages 776, the evening 841 ; ISO are connected with the Duchess street Sunday school. The leases of the property -ue now beginning to fall in, and will be lenewed at greatly advanced rates from those awarded when they were drawn many years ago, thus adding to the financial posi- tion of the church. A board of tinstees looks after the property, while a *' deatons" court " has control of the spiritual ati'aira of the congregation. The pastor's salary is $4,000 and $500 additional for house rent. The income is about $19,000 a year ; the col- lections are more than $5,000, and pew rentals over $4,000 ; the " envelope system " is very profitably used. Mr. Parsons is a man past middle life, of tall, coiiiuiaudiiig stature, with hair and beard plentifully sprinkled with grey. He is a natural and easy speaker, though not ■oratorical ; but there is not the first evidence of that peculiar pulpit artificial and formal style of utterance that is meant to convey the impression of superior sanctity and that drones out the nsftutiful and inspiring 'Christian hope as if it were a funereal horror. The subject matter of Mr. Parson's sermon last Sunday evening from the text : " It is appointed unto all men once to die and after tnat the judgment," was, of course not of a very cheerful character, but it sprang from the man's inner life as a firm conviction that ought to fasten itself with equal firmness upon the mind and heart of every listener. Perhaps if more of joy and ■uosnine and gladness were thrown about h« modem pulpit presentation of Christian- ity it would exercise more of a controlling in- fluence over the lives of the young people especially and prove a powerful counter at- traction to the allurements and dissipations of unsanctified social life as it now exi:4ts. The sternness and ruggedness of Calvinism do not aflbrd much room for the more buoyant phase of Christianity although it has always been said that ' ' Presbyterians dance. " COSY COBNER IN CHURCH. The feathery flakes of snow came thickly like some white-winged messengers from a purer world than this ; the keen air was crisp and inspiriting ; the streets of the city were thronged with people eagerly hurrying towards the brilliantly lighted oluiiches ; the chiming of the beHs made the air musi- cal as their tones rang out loud and clear and sweet. Down into the crowded city on such a night a Telegram reportei' found his way to Knox church and in the midst of a party of yoinig people laughingly trhaking off the snow in the vestibule where the thoughtful "church officer" had provided brushes for that purpose. In the centre of the gallery is a semi -circular recess built between the piers of the steeple : it is most comfortably furnished with soft cushions, several ottomans, a table containing draw- ers, in which the books are kept, and umbrella racks. It is a semi-retired place and afforded the critic an excellent corner for taking observations, notwithstanding the curiosity he aroused on the part of the young folks occupying the same cosy nook. Far above the sonorous bell pealed out its ponderous welcome while a stream of people steadily flowed into the beautiful church until it was comfortably filled. Then the_ minister entered, clad in a long, black gown with wide flowing sleeves and a neat white tie ; two young men occupied seats on the communion platform. There was no organ voluntary, no choir, no introduction ; the minister simply rose and announced the 139th psalm ; one of the young men disap- peared in the cavity made for the reception of the organist, and the other stood up to lead the congregation in singing. Mr. Parsons is a fine reader of sacred poetry ; he does not drawl or drag the words in that sing-song style so abusive of poetry and yet so muon in vogue among religious speakers ; he is free of that horrible habit of bringing the voice down with a special swing upon the last word of each line as if thumpina; the w.ds that rhyme were the fine art of rea(?'iig poetry ; he is natural and therein, togr oher with a very full and rich voice, lies the beavlgr and force of his reading. And the same eriti- cituoD applies to bu Scripture reading ; it SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCH ES. was made very interesting by his manner alone. The congregation stands while sing- ing, and the singing is excellent ; the tunes are not of a rollicking nature, but solid, substantial, musical and full of har- mony, and everybody sings because every- body has a book ; if he has none he is kindly furnished with one. And just here it may be said that the ushers are very polite and solicitous for the comfort of the audience — which cannot be said of every church in this city. After the reading lesson a " Paraphrase " was sung, that is, a hymn containing Scrip- ture sentiments arrayed in rhythm, then came the prayer, the people remaining seated, and a large majority bowing the head. Another hymn followed, or " praise" as it is called, and then the "intimations" are read, fol- lowed by the sermon. THE PEOPLE, AXD WHAT THEY DID. The congregation was composed very largely of young people witn an equal proportion as to sex, and they were very reverent and decorous in conduct. They were of what is called " the middle class," not very rich and not very poor, at least so far as outward indications are a standard. In a beautiful church like that one hardly expects to find p(X)r people whose clothes would wound their self- respect in contrast with the almost luxuri- ous furnishing of the church. Perhaps it was hotter in the gallery than elsewhere, but the atmosphere up there was very uncomfortable ; one young lady was 30 much overcome as to be obliged to get out into the fresh air ; others opened their ■wraps and expressed themselves by weary long-drawn 'whews ; " a number enjoyed a Rttle nap during the sermon ; the far-away voice of the speaker and the burdensome heat were very favourable to this indulgence ; one young lady snugly en- sconced in the comer of the nook opposite the reporter, laid her head against the cushioned wall and her feet upon an otto- man, so that she was rapidly acquiring the horizontal position ; wearied with the neat, her eyes gradually closed with a correspond- ing gradual opening of her mouth until she suddenly recovered herself, and the mouth went shut with a click, and the eyes came open with a not v^ry friendly glance at the amused spectators ; but she didn't fall asleep again. No matter how serious the subject of the preacher's sermon if the physical com- fort of the hearer is not assured all pictures of the judgment after death fade into insig- nificance compared with the discomfort of a badly-ventilated church. The sermon by Mr. Parsons had nothing original in its construction or thought ; it was simply a re-assertion of statements oft repeated and that lose their force by the re- petition. Unless those truths are put into attractive shape and abundantly illustrated with home-like, every-day pictures their abstract enunciation is powerless. But the preacher was earnest in purpose and evidently bent upon the spiritual well-being of his hearers. The delivery was natural and unconstrained, if not eloquent. There was little gesticulation, the gown and the necessai-y putting on and taking off of the gold eye-glasses handicapping efforts in that direction. It was a half-hour sermon followed by a short prayer ; then came the collection which was received in silence ; the organ is not played during its reception and what inspiration good music may have in developing the purse proceeds of pockets is lost in consequence. No doubt this un- usual custom is a concession to those who yet, in spirit, oppose the use of an organ. The service was a plain one, very plain, and yet it was inter- esting and enjoyable. The beauty and com- fort of the building is a compromise between the austere Calvinism of the past and the more joyous and inspiring spirit of Chris- tianity in its modern phase of development and improvement. After another hymn sung in the same massive narmony and with worshipful effect there was a momentary silence ; slowly the minister raised his hand and pronounced the benediction ; then the . people all sat down — .what for could not be seen ; then slowly and with caution over- coats were hauled on, wraps buttoned and an exit made. No sooner were the vesti- bules reached than the chatter began — and none of it had anything to do with the ser- mon, while social matters and even amuse- ments were );rippingly discussed within the reporter's hearmg — and all that put him to thinking. >< NO. 13.— SAINT BASIL'S. X AN IMPRESSIVE SCENE — FINE MUSIC — COL- LEGE AND COMMUNITV — WORKS OF ART — A HEART WILLED TO A CHURCH — INTER- ESTING FACTS DETAILED. " May I have the privilege of a seat on the gallery ?" asked a Telegram reporter of Rev. gather Chal and, ad. the instructor and leader of "St. nasi Is Catholic church choir. "Certainly ; you will find plenty of room up there," was the courteous reply. In a quiot comer of that capacious section of the church a fine opportunity was afforded to take note of the vesper service last Sun- day evening. The church was not yet fully lighted ; only here and there a solitary gleam 74 f-^ >AS\Vi SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. fell athwart some life-like statue, bringing it out in startling contrast with the surround- ing gloom ; far sway the white altar loomed out of the darkness in indistinct shape, while before the tabernacle of its indwelling God the perpetual fire paid homage to the Per- petual Presence. Silently and reverently tbe people entered and with bent knee and sacred sign paid their homage to the altar's enshrinement. In thedim distance, beyond an archway, a robed priest hurried along, or some sanctQary singer rapidly passed by, the white surplice showing more clearly against the black cassock. Far away the sound of a bell is heard ; its echoes roll along the corridors of the college as the first signal to the students. A church official rapidly passes along the aisles, lighting one chandelier after another, until a flood of brilliancy is poured over tbe kneeling wor- shippers and brilliantly reflected from the beautiful pictures of the " stations of the cross " ; an altar boy, with lighted taper, illumines the sanctuary, and all the dark lines and the mystic shadows disappear far up among the arches and timbers of the roof, where they cluster in uncertain shapes. The bright sconces of the altar and all its gilt lines glitter and glisten against the white panels and arches until every pinnacle and ornament and crucifix stands out in beauty and clearness ; more people rapidly, but silent- ly, enter ; again the bell peals out its last signal, and now troops of white-robed chor- isters hasten along the archway ; Father Brennan enters the pulpit ; the masters of the college take their places in the sanctuary ; the students file into the pews assigned them on either side ; two torch-bearers enter from the ves- try, followed by 24 choristers and the officia- ting priests ; the entire congregation kneels while the rosary is said — and all this was noticed as an introduction to the vesper service proper. -^ WHO CHANTED, SPOKE AND SANO.^ ^ ^Inseparably connected with St. ^i^'s church is St. Michael's College, all Che buildings of which are attached to the church, so that the entire stmcture is virtu- ally under one roof. There are about 100 students with 22 masters in attendance at the college, and these constitute the sanctu- ary choir ; a place is set apart for those who are not in the sanctuary itself, on both sides, reached by passageways from the college, entirely separated from the principal church entrances. The chuiting oy these young men was excellent, the harmony of so many male voices producing a most pleasing effect. The antiphonal by the choir was also fine, the excellent pronunciation of the Latin, the continental beine used, is worthy of praise especially. Of course the entire ser- vice was in Latin except the prayers by the people and priest when the rosary, or prayer to the Yirgm, was said. The officiating priest was Rev. Father M. Cherier ; the sermon was delivered by Rev. Father Hours. There are eleven priests connected with St. Basil's community, so that the congregation has the privilege of hearing a different preacher each Sunday. Father Hours is a very deliberate preacher, almost painfully so ; his foreign accent necessitates slow delivery of English, but he is readily understood for all that. His ser- mon was a plain, practical discourse on the sin of swearing and contained, among others, the following expressions : — '• We should never speak the name of God idly and inconsiderately, and on any trivial occasion. When our good requires it and when the authority of the law requires it then only is it lawful to swear by th» name of God." " There are three conditions of an oath, truth, justice and judgment ; these make it lawful, these wanting make it wrong." After illustrating these three elements of an oath the speaker then spoke of the two kinds of oaths that are wrong, the affirma- tive and the promissory. Under the former he considered such expressions as "May I never see God," "May I never stir from this place if what I say is not true," " So help me, God," etc., as very wrong. To say " by " God, or Christ, or the Gospel, or the cross, or the soul, or the Blessed Virgin is wrong. When treating of promissory oaths he said : " Those who join secret societies and take a promissory oath do wrong, and Utiey art guilty as long as they continue therein." " Those are not excused from all sin who from habit swear for want of judgment or prudence. " " We should always pronounce the name of God with devotion and piety, and should have it on our lips only in prayer, praise and thanksgiving." The sermon wsus twenty-five minutes is length, and received the careful attention of the large audience that was present. There was nothing particularly noticeable about this audience save that it was composed very largely of young people, especially young men. St. Basil's being located in a section of the city known for its refining influences the people who attend the churches in that immediate neighbourhood determine the more cultured nature of the congregations there than in some other lo- calities. There always seems to be harmony between the neighbourhood and architecture SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES .-^Aja 7fi of a church and the people who attend it. O, SALCTARIS HOSTIA. St. Basira choir numben twenty-five voices and the inatnictor has certtiinly de- veloped them to fine purpose. The organist is Father E. Murray, and he manipulates the instrument with grace and skill. Miss Bolster is the leading soprano, Misses Nichol and Ormsby the alto, Messrs. H. D. Kelly, bass, and J. F. Kirk, tenor. The Benedic- tion of the Blessed Sacrament, as it is called, is the most interesting and impressive part of a vesper service. The altar is addition- ally lighted so that it becomes a mass of brilliancy ; the entire congregation kneels ; the choristers and priests quietly and solemnly bow before the tabernacle wherein rests the consecrated Body. Then the choir head in adoration. It was then replaced \a the tabernacle which is kept securely locked. The meaning of this ceremony is as fol- lows : — The Roman Catholic church holds the doctrine of transubtantiation or the teaching that the wafer of unleavened bread becomes, after being blessed by the priest, the real body of Jesus Christ. As such it is consid- ered a most sacred object and is placed on the altar as a sacrifice to God. That is why no Catholic ever passes before an altar with- out bowing ; to him the real body of Christ, who is Gocl, is there and when this body is brought out and held up by the priest as a token of benediction the sight of it ia so holy that no eye must gaze upon it, hence all heads are deeply bent until it is re- or v.|l THB CHURCH OF ST. BASIL. iiine bald in of sans Rossini's " Salutaris," followed by Goeb's " Tantum Ergo," and they were ex- Juisitely rendered, the singing of Father halandad and Mr. Kirk being especially fine. The quartette was sung in purity and with a blending and shading of the voices that was delightful to the ear and^certainly inspired a worshipful spirit with holier emotions. Then all was silent while the officiating priest, with a richlv-omamented stole thrown over his ahoulders rose and approaching the altar bowed and took from the recess or " taber- nacle" the "host" which he seized — not with the bare hands but with the stole wrapped about them — and slowly and reverently raised three times, a bell meanwhile being struck to ensure the low bowing of every placed ; the wafer is deposited in a little pendent bowl fastened in a circular, golden, fan-like stand which must not be touched with the bare hands on account of its sanctity. The form of a wafer is used, because that represents the pence or piece of silver for which Jesus was betrayed. For the same reason of the " Presence of God," alight is kept constantly burning, day and night, before the altar ; the pagans were in the habit of keeping a fire burning before the altars of their iaols, and this custom sug- gested the perpetual light as a token of honour to the living and real God. AHT AND AROHITKCTURE. St. Basil's church is situated on St. Joseph street, opposite St. Vincent, on a rise of ground, with a terraced lawn between the 76 SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. '*. structure and the street. To the east, and connected with it, is the college, a very large building containing the living apartments of the eleven priests, dormitoriep for the stu- dents, a very large exhibition hall, class and recreation rooms, study halls and all the ne- cessary appurtenances for the procurement of a scientific, musical and classical educa- tion. In the basemen: are the refectories, store-rooms, furnaces and boilers, the entire school and church being most comfortably heated by steam. The locality is a most delightful one, raised 125 feet above the levt) of the lake, an admirable vie^- of ■which may be had from the upjjer stories of the building. The lattei docs not stand on a line with the street because it was originally intended to hiive a park in that part of the city ;>elow tlie building, but the growine demand tor residential property caused an abandonment of the park idea. The ground on which the buildings stand was donated, except .3^ acres, by Mr. Robert Elmsley, and these were bought from him later. At first, in 1855, only a small portion of the present church was built. In 1876 an addition was maile tc the northern end, and another ad- dition to the southern end has just been completed. The building is of brick with stone dressing, of the early English gothic style, measuiing 150x50 feet, with a height of .')0 feet to the ridge. The principal en- trance, a very handsome one, is through the tower at the south-east corner readied by a circular walk, and drive from St. Joseph street. This entrance is through a cut stone aoor-way, whose arch is supported by granite pillars ; the tower above it is of pressed Wick, and will, when finished, con- ..din a slated spire, 150 feet high to the top of the cross, in which will be placed a fine bell. The southern addition to the church was built according to plans and drawings prepared by Architect A. A. Post, a gradu- ate of St. Michael's, and now a resident of Whitby. Mr. Post has given to his Alma Mator a beautiful specimen of workmanship in the graceful outlines and convenient arrangements of St. Basil's. Entering the main doorway the visitor is confronted with another set of doors made to close noiselossly after him of their own ac- cord should ].j be disposed, as many people are, to lea7o them open behind him. This entrance is 12 feet square, a flight of stone •teps brings him to the narthex proper which is heated very comfortably by marblo cover- ed radiators ; from this winding atairwavB lead down to the basement and up to tne gallery, the whole entrance being Lnilt of pressed brick . This resiibola or narthex, is 25 feet long by 16 feet wide ; two stone vessels of holy water are placed in a niche in the wall attheentrancesto the auditorium. The water kept is that which has been bless e 1 by the priest, and thus sanctified and is used by faithful Catholics to sign the cross on thp forehead and breast, and some even sprinkle it over the face. It i^^ a custom borrowed from paganism and was fully in- troduced into the church about the 8th century. PILLAUS, PAINTINGS aND PULPIT. The interior while not of tiie cathoilral type of architecture still conveys that im- pression. The roof is of open timber work supported by 18 pillars, the ridge is sharply pointed and the pitch runs down to a narrow shed roof just above which are some small dormer windows into which i.s fitted beautiful stained glass, eacii window iiavinp some syml)ol inwrought, a chalice in one, tlie host in another, the monoyram I. H. 8. in a third. The pillars with the superincum bent arches, made of pine grained to repre- sent oak, with the altar at the farthest end of a long sanctuary convey the impression of the cathedral style. The crgan, a plain caie enclosing it. is a small one, costing $3,500. rt'orked by hydraulic pressure, and is very tastily ornamented. The pulpit is to the right and outside of the sanctuary, and is miide of walnut and ash ; the preachei' reaches it by a fliglit of eight steps, and he is readily heard in eveiy part of the build- ing. There are, aside from those already noticed, but two stained gla..3 windows in the building, one above the altar and the other a St. Cutht.rine's wheel at the oppo site or southern end ; the other windows are of cathedral glass. Originally the glass was set directly in the walls, but that arrange- ment was found very unsatisfactory, and frames were recently ir»serted. New stained glass windows of various A ♦V «iWX.* ^V V«^ V » _ 'v ... A: 78 SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES, . s. ^ ^cud^ feet and has a beautiful mosaic pavement which is uncovered during the Lenten sea- son, but is carpeted at the celebration of the principal festivals. To the left is the throne for his Grace Archbishop Lynch when he makes ofticial visitations. The altar is en- tirely white with gilt ornamentation and la a fine piece of architecture with miniature gothic arches and niches p'racefuUy ar- ranged ; on each aide are two images sus- taining candelabra for the red lights, while on it are ten large polished sconces for the white lights. In the centre and above the tabernacle is an image of Jesus pointing to his bleeding heart ; a beautiful richly- wrought veil if always hung before the tabernacle, wherein the sacred body is kept, and the colour of it is chanated according to the character of the festival, being either white, purple, red, gold or green. The monogram I. H. S.," " Jesus the Saviour of Men," is affixed below the tabernacle. The altar is decorated with numerous arrange- ments for lighting, and when illumina'ed presents a most brilliant appearance. There are four masses every Sunday morning, and vespers at half -past seven ; during the week there are masses for the people daily at 6:30, 7 and 8 a.m., while the students have daily mass in the chapel under the church set apart for their use. On Sundays the students sing a plain chant ; each priest is obliged to celebrate mass every diy, and this makes 11 daily mnsses. The church is called in honour ot St. Basil the Great, who lived in the \t\\ century and was one of the most eloquent and spiritual fathers of the primitive Christian church. He was :^, man of singularly sweet ttmp'jr and dis- position, and Y\as so universally beloved that not (Illy Christians, but Jews and pagans, luiiivil to grieve for him after he was dead. On one side of the sanctuary, at its outer- MABV AT THE CROSS. Angel, it being the belief of the church that each man is attended by such celestial spirit in order to guide and protect him ; opposite this is an image of St . Ann the mother of the Virgin Ma'-y ; her day in the Catholic calendar is July 26th. The altars of St. Joseph and of the Virgin are prettily arranged and decorated with fresh bouquets of flowers. A note- worthy pieee of carving is the representation of Mary receiving the body of Jesus from the cross . It is an excellently wrought piece of statuary, cut from stone, and portrays in the most vivid manner the terriole grief of the mother as she holds the dead body of her son ir her arms ; her face expresses, through the cold stone, the heart-breaking agony of every mother who looks into the face of her dead child ; every line of her countenance tells of woe and one can al- most imagine the presence of life in the eyes that seem to look so sorrowfully into the face of the Divine Son. The artist has very successfully cut the death-image into that face ; the lifeless stone is not more so than the corpse-like impression conveyed by the image dut from it ; the pierced hands and feet and the wounded side mutely but dis- tinctly show the marks of the executioner's cruel blows ; one can almost imagine the death -damp glittering upon the drawn fea- tures, so real does it seem. No one can look at this image and re main untouched by the grief and the sorrow it recalls. Immediately above this is a life- sized crucifix with the red letters "I. N.R.I." inscribed above, that is : "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews." •J* HE WILLED HIS HEART. >t In hia study of the church the reporter found a white marble tablet, with raised gilt letters, inserted in the west wall near the sanctuary. It commemorates the life r.'.ul pious deeds of Mr Jo h n Elmsley , an I on it is stated : " iis hearlls nere deposited by St. Basil's Society." The motto below carved in I^tin, is : "To the eyes of all they seem dead, but they are in peace ;" then come tlie letters R. I. P. Upon inquiry the information was received that Mr. Elmsley so loved St. Basil's churc h t hat h(! ma de a p rovision in his will thatlus heart shouliLt be" tTirven troiii his body an d depo s itot^ "Vj! )^ chui ch ; the body is burTe d in the Cathedral vault and the^ieiirt was hermotic ally' s caTeT I in uT jn^^lir^aTcSTfRr'amr^^ IcHe LKJIuilil IheTa blet where ^Tt now rests. most end, is an image of the Guardian _,^, /^ujU. Js 'XlSr:^ «3L-' _c: "s SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. n a' NO 14. -ST. JAMES' SQUARE. 4N INTELLKCTUAL PKKACHER— FRESH AND VIVID THorGHT — A CHCKOH PALATIAL IN BEAUTY AND COMFORT — ITS ARCHITECTtrUE — ITS HT'-'ORY. y y V.KW. S. U. KELLOOO, D. D. In the spring of 1886 Rev. S. H, Kellogg, D. D , Professor of Systematic Theology in the Western Seminary, Alleghany, U. S. , was installed a pastor of St. Jtimes' Square Presbyterian church. He is a man in middle life, of medium build and nervons-sanguine temperament, with darli hair and beard. While he is not the best pulpit orator in To- ronto, yet it is not probable that he has a peer intellect lally ; he is a cogent reascner, a profound tinuker and a most original preacher. Thcra was rothing superficial in the substance of bis sermon last Sunday night ; it was not a reiteration of trit« utterances that fall heedless because trite ; it was not any theological disquisition that tired his congregation. Indeed it was so novel as to bo actually startling in some of its oxpressions until relief came whtn every proposition he advanced was fortified with Scriptural proof. He did not hesitate to apply the phmimet of criticism to some popular beliefs and show their absurdity, and it wiv9 shown with an array of logical deduotione unanswerable. He •poke from the text written to the Romans : " Death passed upon al' men for that f\\\ have sinned," and first referred t<> the mo- mentous, mysterious and terrible tacts of sin and denth in human experience. The dis- cussion of the text assumed that death came to man because he siuued, that it is not therefore natural to him, and he must over- come its power in some way, so as to have his body restored to him and thus be re- placed in his normal position. The scientific objection that geoloey teaches the existence of death before that of man is not well taken, because Paul refers to man, not to animals. Man has an animal body, hut the Bible does not teach that man had not a body that could not die ; he was capable of not dying. After illustrating this remark with quota- tions from Genesis he next asserted that " man was cupplied with material to repair the waste of his body, hence it was possible for him always to live. If he had not sinned and did not die what would become of him? The Bible did not say, but it gave a hint," and the cases of Enoch, Elijah and Christ, who are said to have been translated witli- out death were quoted. The preacher then said: "The apiritual principle in man is inferior if it did not originally have power to resist the working of the animal power. Animal forces have power to resist the working of chemical forces, acd by analo- gous reasoning, the spiritual could control the animel. The instinct of immortality protests against dying. Disembodiment a.s a penalty is worse than embodiment. Miiny Christians imagine that a desire to be rid of the body is evidence of a high type c f piety, but that is not according to the Bible. PAGANISM m CHRISTIANITY. " The root of this conception is found in that paganism which te ches that matter is evil. Dr. Kellogg then referred te the sentimentalism of many Christian hymns that encourage a morbid desire to lay aside the body, and said that Job's expression, " I would not live alway," was no credit to him, because it sprang out of his despair, and yet many Christians turn to that ex- pression. Paul "groaned" in the flesh, it is true, but ho said, " not that I would be unclothed, but clothed upon. " If evolution is true death is a good thing ; if the Scrip- tures a^e true death is an evil always, and except for Christians, is always pena'. Christ retains his l)ody to-day, hence em- bodiment is Christian. We don't belong among the clouds ; we belong to earth and are cast out :\nd disinherited by death ; intrinsically it is a stAte of activity for saint and sinner ; work, for us, is conditioned by i» material organism. There is no author' ty for believing that the dead minister to the living or to anyone ; only hymn Wiiiers say that. "Oeath is the vestibule of jud^mtent because it removes man from the material surroundirgs between tiim and ('>h|. If death is the penalty ')t' I sia redeiuptiun includes the resurrectioa uf 80 SKETCHES IN CITY CHURCHES. the body — without the body there is no redemption. If our hopes end with disem- bodiment we fall short of the Gospel of the New Testament." These few sentences culled from an ad- mirable sermon may convey some idea of the speaker's habit'of thought and originality. It was replete with quotations to substan- tiate every argument adduced, and to a be- liever in the Bible was simply invulnerable. Mr. Kellogg is an easy speaker, not anima- ted but using the natural, conversational, argumentative style. His language is well chosen and nicely arranged ; his method is too much of the analytic and synthetic to be rhetorical, but it is very interesting. He has something to say and puts it in such form that it cannot be successfully gainsaid. WHO HEARD THE SERMON. " Are the seats on the gallery free ?" asked a reporter of the polite young man who held open the outer door for the entrance of the people. '•Certainly ; anywhere, anywhere." Going up the winding stairway and through the crimson portiere hung at the entrance a cosy seat was ahown the visitor amid a company of young men, evidently students. The first natural impulse was to look for the young ladies who were supposed to be the magnets of attraction ; in no other way could the unusually large attendance of young men be accounted for. But there were comparatively few young ladies there, whether because of the very bad walking or because the preacher isint^-nsely intellectual has not been revealed. No explanation of this influx of students was afforded until the sermon was begun and then it was clear ; the undivided attention of these young men anil the eagerness with which they followed the masterly discourse showed that they camo to be instructed and for no pther pur- pose. The gallery was tenanted by young people while the older ones sat below ; that seems to bo the universal rule. The con- duct was irreproachable ; there was hardly a whisper during the entire service except on the part of a very pretty, rosy-cheeked, bright eyed young lady in the choir who seemed to be tired of sileiioe uid kept up a running fire of tallv :> iier neighbour while the collection was being taken ; but she was BO pluaaant an ^ lively aoout it that one can easily forgive her . The service . wan a plain one such as is customary in evangelical churches. One peculiarity struck the observer and that is the different postures during prayer ; those in the front loata Iwwed very low while some of those behind bowed less and so on UD to the rear r ati whore a number sat bolt upright ; prayer seemed the position during to be conditioned upon the number of people that conid notice it ; many who bowed might as well sit boldly upright as to make windows of their fingers, and stealthily peep out oveil' the congregation. But the decorum was reverent and attentive even on the part of the young children who were present. A favourable notice should oe made of the excellent judgment used by the organist, Mr. N. Anderson, not only for the delicacy and skill with which he manipulated the in- strument, but for the expre •; ion put into the hymns ; when death or the grave or some pathetic sentiment was the theme there was a suitable reduction of power and adap- tation of the accompaniment to the words lung. There was no effort to crowd down the singers with a boisterous and over- whelming combination of heavy stops ; there were critical taste and feeling, and conse- quently, reverence in the playing, and it was productive of very fine effect The though tfulness of the ushers had al out t this same spirit ot order that befits a place of worship. During the prayer one stood directly in the arched doorway on either side of the gallery so that no one might enter ; immediately afterwards the curtains were drawn a,side, and every one entering was courteously shown to a seat ; wiien these had all entered the curtains were again dropped, and so remained until the benediction was pronounc- ed. Everything was done with dignity and reverence ; even after the bene- diction was said the people sat down a few moments before wraps were adjusted an.l overcoats put on— quite an agreeable change from that rude habit sometimes observable when all these preparations for exit are made while tlie benediction is being pro- nounced. The minister wears a cassock ac- cording to the original customs of Presby- terianism in the old country. The organ and choir platform are back 01 the pulpit, the whole raised three or four feet above the main floor. A PALATIAL CHURCH. All that was noticed as to the habits of the people comports with the beauty of the church itself. The auditorium is more than comfortable ; it is luxurious and it is beauti ful. The dimensions are 7o feet square though it is arranged amphitheatrally ; it will seat 800 on the ground tloor and 300 on the gallery. The eia;ht iron piers serve as columns for the gothio arches, groined in plaster, which are sprung from tiie capitals 26 feet above the noor. Th