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Hence, by his tiieory, no title deeds are of any value ; no trusts for any piir|)Ose re saired ; everything is at the caprice of the particular body wh ch may for ;iie time being rei)resent the State, 'and which can dejirive any man of the fruits of his labours and render abortive the most skilfully devised precautions to secure them to his heirs or to any object for which he believes it to be -lesirab'e he should |iro\ide. If men woiild only think for themselves a:id not be led by the nose by i)'her<, they would >ee that t!icse Soii.ilistu demands have In-en gi\'en effect to, without the smallest intenliun and with no idea of doing so, by a judgment lately rendered in the Superior ('(iurt of Nbmtreal, b\ Mi. |u>tice Jette, in the case of Dobie ts. 'I'he 1 empor.ilities' lioirtl I'he same principle, I may .••111, irk, has led to similiir decisions m the caes of individual congregations, by \vh;(.h the < lea rest title deeds were set .r^ide. That principle was, however, less ih^iimilv brought out in them than in the case no.v bclore u-. H.iving, in a im]ihlet, alreadv published a history of the claims of the adherents of the i luirch of Scotland, I have no intention of going overground .ilready traversed, riiere an aspects of the cise of general inierest, and it is to these that 1 desire • I ,dl atieiit.on. Acting upon the theory, that the provisions of the .\ct of (Confederation \e them power to dispose of private property, the Local Legislatures passed \ris to effect a junction of ceriain ecclesiastical bodies, and transferred a Fund uM for the benefit of a p.uticular Church, under a i.irehilly guarded Trii^t. ■m those for whose benefit the 'i'rust had been constituted, to individuals who !iOI come withii! t.he ."jco'.^e of the IV'isj, bir who, ou ll)e coiUxary. have been ^|'|■Lially excluded fniin it. Mr. justice Jette by his decision maintains the rijlit of Local Legislatures so to dispose of private i)ropert\, and declares thai ' 'v C'l'.'.rt-i cannot interfere even it the rights of parties to the Fund in (juestion 'i'- ( onilusively established. The learned ju-tice sa\s : • If the petitioner seek^ to coiupl.un of the arbitr,irine-,s and injustice of tiicse legislative ennctmeiits, which deprive him of rights of property whic h he • considered inviolable, I must answer him tliat it is not my mission to aceord 'u a protection which the law refuses" (meaning lliereby these local acts), iiid that nothing would be more dangerous than tor the Courts to assume the ,• iwnv to reject a po.iitive l.iw under the pretext that it was unjust." In .mother part ()f the judgnunt. the leariud jii Ige declines to consider t'le ijue-jtion of the ;)ro[irietorship oi' the Inmd, on the ground that all the Court has to do is to see if an .Vet cimplained of deals witli matters on which ihe Local Legislature is'empowered to legislate, and supports this view by the i'ro\ision of the Confederation .\ct on the subject, to be I'ound in the ijnul section. " In e.u h Province the Legislature m.iy e\i hiuvely nuike laws /// i-i-Uttioii to . ' . . . — I }, Property and Civil Riglits i:i the Province." That, according to the piesent iudgmeni, deprives ever> pr()|)erly hokler, iiiKirporated comp.my, bene\olent institution, \c. of all ( l:inn to the |)roperty they hold, and tr.msfers it to the Siate. thus subjecting e\ery man's iirojierty iiml ( ivil rights to the c.iprice of a body of men who w./) act justly, but have not .ilways done so. Russia, it is said, is n despotism tempered by assassi- n.iiion If this ludgmeiu lie good law Canada is under a despotism "ithout mitigation. Taking it for granted that this authoritative ex[iosition of the law is correi t, li-i us see how it works, as an illustration may reach where argument tails. There is a highly respectable club in Montreal called the St. James' Ciuti. M:. Ilariison Stephens has a valuable property adjoining, the possession of «liich, and of the !)eautifur mansion erect. tI oh it. wotild ,idd greatly to the niiK'iiitv (jl" the Ciiih and tlie enjoyment f>f its nicmtjers. I 'nikr Mr. justice Kite's rnlintf, it uniild only be necessary fur the intlneniial gentlemen < uin- l»osing the (Jlub lo loliliy a hill throuj^h the l.(u.\\ Lej^islature. to seriirt- this lii,i,'hl\ (le-irahle resilience. Mr. Stephens on aiijihing lo t-he Ic.irnci! judge would lie told (I quote his own words) : "The f'ourts are not the ynardians of the rij,'hts ot the people, exerpi as those rights are se<;nred hy seme (•on'>iiiutioiial provision which comes wiihni tlie judicial eogni/ance. ' And the j^round for this refu^jl ^,^ redress lo Mr. .Stephens is the provision, that •' the Local Legislatures m.iy exclusively make laws /// re/ation to property and Civil Rights " which Mr. Justice jette inteprets as giving all ]>riv ate pro- perty to the Local Legislatures, instead of its being simply the dei'mition of their powers lo enact regul.itions relating to the mode of transfer, registration and die laws by which members of the community are to be guided in tlieir dealings with each ether. .\s the powers of the Local Legislature are unre- striited the members of the St. James' ('lub need not llatter themselves that they are secure in possession of their '• ill gotten gear." The Political Economy Club, at present without a local Iiabitat. has oiilv lo get another bill jiassed by the same Legislalme lo secure the property of the St. J.iuus' Club f a new and different Cluirt;h. of which the congregation .it Coboi ;■'■; v ag the use of the building is p.irt and parcel. It appears to in. j < n nore (• lUilf.l ic) iIk' iiciKtU of ihc gift lluiii .1 t()nj;rfL;ati«)ii of the Cmirili uf l'',i>glanil, ■; (if MctliiHlisls, or of Bajdists would lie " Chancellor \'aiik.onghnot dclivtred iiKiilicr jddgiiK'iii III ttlalion to a conyrcyatitin of adhureiits of the l''rce Church. • Afu'rward," sa).s the Chancellor. " the grcrit l.ody of the congregation aban- •! iiied iho lonnecticn with the I'Vee Church, hut as lonj; as ." (rianiiiij; lor the niouieiit, thai the Imal legislatures are vested with the ' xlraoiiliiiaiy powers attributed to ihvin b\ Mr. Justice Jelte, it would seem li It these powers .ire only to be e.\er are concerned lieli>n,t; exclusively to the l-ederd Parli.iment, when the I'.jocls ol ihe'1'ru-.l or Corpor.itinn extend o\rr mure than mie '(irovini e The > '.atute liooks of the I)omiiii(jn ..r-j full of instances of this. To go n(> further .i(k th;.') last sission. The local uovernmeiit of (^>uelK'c obtained m ( >ttawa .1 Act to authorise the ere( lion of a bridj;c from Hull to Oit.awa. to connect \bx railway s\ste!ii <;l' ( juebec widi th.it of (Iniaiio, and in that .Act the I'arlia- iiK-iit of ("anada tlealt wiih pmperly and civil rij,'lits in ( )ntario, as ii would do .nil those in any other l'ro\in belonging to a Church co-extensive with the limits (.if ["nitcd Canada. I iie fund to be held in trust was undivided and not susceptible of division .'\(Opt by the destrui tion (>f the Trust .^o constituted. It wa> net a local ipoi'jfi'on, \\5.\\i\g !,!u'euukk'r!s iti other (isrts of dttuds i*nd ottti^'tde of its iiiniis, subject to the local laws of the Province, as being shareholders of a Company with provincial objcds. \'el the latter is the iiew the learned judge i.ikes. — a view. I resjieclfully say, which is entirely contrary to the fact. It is (orpor.ition wIik h must be dealt with, and can be dvalt with, in no other *i ly than other corporaticuis with ntore tlian provincj.il objects. 'Ihe very \ I-. of Ontario cited by the learned j.idge sliow this. Quebec de.ds with the Trust in ([Uestion and the luiul held by it its a a'/w/e. It does not deal wiih V as partly belonging to (Juebec and legislate lor that part. Oniario deals \\\\.\> the very same Trust ,rj ii 7{'/u>/(, and does not assume that part belongs to I'utirio and legislate for tli.it. If the Fund is local to fjiiebec, then Ontario iHiiiot legislate in relation to it. If lo( al to Oiit.irio, (Jue'oec (annm leg'slate I rel.ition to it. If it be necessary in lioth Provinces to deal with the I'lmd '< y this Ait. those liglus which nre included specially in the c,itc)y this Parliament rxtrni/t'J ( cxci'f't ■H'/icii sf>i\-iti//v rfstriitfJ) to all the ti'iritory ■iiihjixt to its jiiriutirtion. Hut tlie extent of this territoiy, whether more or le>;s, does not chanire anvlhinp ig the natuiv its-.lf of these rights ; anil since tlirse ri^^lits urr noic I'lttruslol to the Proi'i/icidl Parliament, caiu it lie futteiiileJ that it has neither the ri^ht nor the power to legislate in a manner to affect them I Certainly not." , * Very crear. Sambo i«*a man ; Sambo is black -r^r^fo, all men are black. New let us see how it works, lor the prim iple laid down is so broad as K> covi.r every case in which an Act of Iticor|)oraii()n was granted by the old Province of Canada. Ihe Clrand 'Irunk Railway Coin[)any ol)tained an .Act of Incorporation from that Ix-gislalure. P.irt of tlie lit;e is within the Province of Quebec (of cours<; the same reasoning applies to any other ProviiK e), in which the I,o( ;d lA\nislaluro has exclusive jurisdiction ^ner property and civil rights. Besides the line, the (Iiand Trunk has the Victoria Bridge, the use of whTch is much coveted by other railways. Suppose by certain " human devices" an .Act is obtained from the Local I^'gislature to transfer the owner- ship of this bridge tu another com|.any. and the flrand Trunk ajiplies for redress : the Court simply shrugs its shoulders and says, as Mr. Justice Jette tells us ; "The protection against unwise or oppressive legislation within ( on- stittitional bounds is by api)eal to the justice und patriotism of the representa- tives of the people. If this fail, the people in their sovereign capacity can correct the evil ;• but cottrts cannot assume their rights." The t-lrand Trunk s.iys : "The property in iiuestion is ours— paid for by us and assured to us by charter ; the Legislatitre has overstepped its constitutional lx)unds." The answer is siniijie. "The I.,egislature has^xi.Uisive jurisdiction over ])ro])erty -and '-.vaI T^gfets, -«H4-»tw-9tA^t«veftV ^-y^^ ^-l.r.nv.:^? ■,v'.i'.>g'?'h.«i; 4wv''.k'. w« jurisdiction atid conse(jitently not for me to decide " But the (Irand I'Mink contends that not lieinir a mere piovincial '.ii-orporation. the lA'gislittire has no jtirisdirtion. "All a mistake," .says the Court; "you obtained the Act from the old Province of Canada over the ivhole territory under its jitrisdiction, hut the extent of this territory, v. hether more or less, does not change any- thing in the niti're itself of your rights; and since these rights are now entrusted to the Provincial Par'iament, cati it be pretended that it has neither the light nor the power to legisl.ite in a manner to afTect them? Certainly not. The Victoria Bridge and anything taken from you by the .\< t are no longer 3 ours ; you have no redress." A conclusion which must be highly satisfactory to every man with money- invested in Canada. .As will be seen, I have scrupulously abstained in this p.iper from touching on doctrinal questit>ns important to us, if of little general interest. .And I have done so for the purpose of getting rid of all consider.it ions which miglit dis- tract attention from the grave '^•istitiitional question in which the w'-'ole community is vitallv interested. The decision of Mr. justice Jelte may help to startle and to arouse enquiry into the natut;e of the struggle in whicli we are invdved. That struggle has a two-fold aspect. One ecclesiastical, affecting a limited number ; the other constitutional, and of vital moiT..-;U to the whole community. We have till now carried on the contest at enormous expense ;ind with but scant symjiathy. but I venture to urge upon every thinking man the duty of .seeing that the decision of this cjuestion before the highest tribui, d in the Empire does not fail for want of funds, for the i]uestion is one — if ever there was one — that cannot wi»li >;ifety be left unsettled. Douglas l>r\ inner. ■ Ottawa, J.an. I. nh, 1880. ' ' r-ntcgory 1 e^ista- ; Mihjei t I res|if('t It of thi-i iif itsdf rovi/icial power to re black. ad as W- y the uld :d an Act Province iviiK e), in ' and civil tlie use of " human he owner- pplies for [Slice jelte iithin ton- eprc^enta- l)acily can Hid Tnuik d to us by ids." The :r iiroperiy anfl I'lunk islunif. has le Act from lurisdicliun, :!iango any- s are now has neitlier .-rtainly not. e no longer satisfactory jm toachin;^ .And I have :li might dis- li tiie w'^ole may help lo vhicli we are il, affecting a to the wliole c'\|tensc and king man the ,t tribun il in one — if ever irymua: