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 -I*t'"«'>3i,./v35r :f ^T 
 
 
 
 Office of His Majesty's Chief Ap:ent for 
 the Superintendence of Settlers and 
 Emigrants in Upper and Lower 
 Canada. 
 
 Quebec, \st May, 1832. 
 
 ADVICE 
 
 TO 
 
 EMIGM^MTS, 
 
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 QUEBEC: 
 
 PRINTED BY THOMAS GARY & CO. 
 
 FREEMASONS' HALL, BUADE STREET. 
 
 1832. 
 
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ADVICE 
 
 TO 
 
 EMIGBAJVI'S. 
 
 
 There is nothing of more importance to Emu 
 grants on arrival at Quebec, than correct infor- 
 mation on the leading points, connected with their fa- 
 ture pursuits. Many have suffered much by a wan of 
 caution, and by hstening to the opinions ot interested 
 designing characters, who frequently offer their advice 
 unsolicited, and who are met generally about wharves 
 and landing places frequented by strangers. To guard 
 Emigrants from falling into such errors-they should 
 immediately on arrival at Quebec, proceed to the Of- 
 fice of the Chief Agent for Emigrants, m Sauk-au- 
 Matelot street, Lower Town, where every mformation 
 requisite for their future guidance m either getting 
 settlement on lands, or obtaimng employment in Up- 
 per or Lower Canada, will be obtained (graHs.J 
 
 The following directions are of importance to the Emi^ 
 grant arriving in Canada, and are addressed to him 
 in the simplest language :--- !,„„„„„« 
 
 Previous to disembarkation arrange your baggage 
 in a small compass, the fewer packages the better, 
 but have them well secured,-pld dirty clothing 
 large boxes, and other useless articles, are not worth 
 the carriage. If you have any provisions left such as 
 oatmeal, potatoes, &c. you can sell them at Quebec 
 at a profit and avoid the expense of transport, and 
 
 
yon can purchase baker's hrcvl, butter, tea, sugar, and 
 other necessaries more s\iite(l lor yo;ir journey. All 
 sorts of provisions, may be bought cheaper, and gen- 
 (M'ully of a better (luabty, in Montreal and Upper 
 Canada, tlian at Quebec. Dress yourself in light 
 clean clothing. Females frecjuently bring on sickness 
 by being too warmly clothed. Cut your hair short, 
 and wash daily and thoroughly Avoid drinking ardent 
 spirits of any kind, and when heated do not drink 
 cold water. Eat moderately of light food. Avoid 
 night dews. By attending to the preceding directions 
 sickness will be prevented, with other serious inconve- 
 niences. When every thing is ready for disembark- 
 ation, and, if the shij) is lying at anchor in the river 
 -—take caie in j)assii]g from the ship to the boat ; 
 avoid all haste, and see tliat your baggage is in the 
 same conveyance with yourself, or left under the charge 
 of some friend, with your name on it. If the ship 
 hauls to the wharf to (li;<embark, do not be in a hurry, 
 liiit await the jn'opcr time of tide wlien the ship's deck 
 will be on a line -wilii the quay or wharf. Passengers 
 are entitled by law to the privilege of remaining on 
 board ship 48 hours after arrival ; and it is unlawful 
 for the Captain to deprive his Passengers of any of 
 their usual acconnnodations for cooking or otherwise : 
 you may therefore avoid the expense of lodgings, and 
 inake all vour arrangements for prosecuting your jour- 
 ney. Previous to disembarkation, should sickness 
 overtake you, jiroceed imuiediritely, or be removed to 
 the Emigrant Hospital, in St. Jolm's Suburbs, where 
 you will be well taken care of, and provided with 
 every thing needful until restored to health. Medi- 
 cine and medical advice can also be had at the Dis- 
 pensary attached to the Quebec Charitable Emigrant 
 Society. This Society w^ill grant relief to all desti- 
 tute Emigrants. In Montreal there is a similar 
 institution for the relief of Emigrants. It is particu- 
 larly recommended to Emigrants not to loiter their 
 valuable time at the port of landing ; but to proceed 
 to obtain settlement or employment. Many have 
 
regretted wlien too late that they did not 'pursue this 
 course, and take advantage of the irequent opportu- 
 nities that presented themselves for settlement in con- 
 venient situations in Upper or Lower Canada, instead 
 of scjuandering their means and valuable time in look- 
 ing after an imaginary Paradise in the aguish swamps 
 of Illinois and Missouri, or other distant regions of the 
 Western States. There is no portion of the American 
 continent more congenial to the constitution or habits 
 of Emigrants from the United Kingdom, or that oiler 
 a wider field, or surer reward for industry and good 
 conduct, than the fertile districts of Upper Canada or 
 Lower Canada. Many Emigrants will find employment 
 in the city of Quebec and its vicinity, as also in and 
 about Moiitreal. Single men in particular are advis- 
 ed to embrace the oifer ; but Emigrants with large 
 families had better proceed without delay, to Upf>er 
 Canada, as hereafter directed — or, to situations in 
 Lower Canada, particularly the Eastern Townships — 
 and if they have sons and daughters grown up, they 
 will find a sure demand for their services. Artiiicers, 
 and Mechanics of all denominations, and farming La- 
 bourers, if sober and industrious, may be sure of doing 
 well. Blacksmiths, particularly those acquainted 
 with steam engine work, also good Mill-wriglus and 
 Sawyers, by machinery, are much wanted in the 
 Canadas. 
 
 The following are the current rates of wages paid 
 in Upper and Lower Canada to ])n"Sons acquainted 
 with lliy country ;— strangers ought not to expect so 
 much : — 
 
 Ship Carpenters and Joiners, per day 
 
 liricklayers and Masons do. 
 
 KlacksniiUis, Millwrights, &c.. . . do. 
 
 Farm A: Common l.abotirois, \c. do. 
 
 Ditto ditto, per month, and found, 30s (U\ to Gl's Od 
 
 House Servants (Men) <!o. do. 30s Od to ."iOs Od 
 
 Ditto do. (Females) do. do. 20s Od to 33s Od 
 
 Upper Cttnniln. 
 5s (Id to 7s 6d 
 4s ful to 7s ful 
 5 s Od to f<s 6d 
 2s fid to 4s Cd 
 
 J.mcer Canada. 
 
 3» ed to 6s 0«l 
 
 4s Od to 68 6(1 
 
 38 6d to 7 s C.I 
 
 Ss Od to 3s Oil 
 
 •iOs Od to 50s Od 
 
 2ns (Id to 40s ()d 
 
 10s Od to 30s (Id 
 
 A great number of Labourers are employed on board 
 ships, and about timber yards, at Quebec and Mont- 
 real, who get from 3s. to 4s. 6d. a-day, and generally 
 
6 
 
 \ 
 
 found. The extravagant habits engendered in such 
 occupations, are decidedly in favour of llie labouring 
 Immigrant proceeding immediately to the country. 
 Eini^^rants with lainllies, and who are possessed oi" 
 fronr £20 to £25, are advised to push immediately 
 into the woods,- in the vicinity of old settlements, 
 where they can obtain i)rovisions for their spare la- 
 bour. The difliculties, although great at first, soon 
 subside, and much experience is the result. The cost 
 of clearing wild lands, and making it ready for crop, 
 is from 50s. to 70s. per acre, in Upper Canada and 
 the Townships of Lower Canada. To these I should 
 say— select a favourable spot for your log house 
 near a spring of water, or running stream, and 
 where a cellar to keep your potatoes in winter can 
 he dug under the house* If you proceed to build 
 houses and clear lands on a large scale on first 
 arrival, it rarelv succeeds so well, for the price ot 
 labour is so high, and the difficulty of getting per- 
 sons to work, added to the great expense of providing 
 food for increased numbers, until produced from 
 your own land, ought in every instance to induce the 
 'strange Emigrant and family to proceed cautiously in 
 laying out their monev ; but a crop of potatoes and tod- 
 der for a cow, is the first object, and this may be ac- 
 complished the first year, if you arrive early. Ihe 
 second you will be enabled to feed your famdy with 
 the common necessaries of life, and the third year 
 you may find yourself possessed of a yoke of oxen, a 
 cow or two, and a year old calf, a couple of pigs, poul- 
 try &c. abundance of provisions for your family, and 
 fodder for your cattle. The Irish and Scotch peasantry 
 know well how to value the economy of a milch cow ; 
 every new settler ought to strive to obtain one as soon 
 as possible, taking care to provide a sufficiency of 
 fodder, for the long winter. Cattle require a little salt 
 in the Canadas. It is not considered necessary to go 
 
 '' • Carefully clear tl.e (imbflr and l.rnsh to a distance from your dweninff 
 and ont bni!din(r«, or in U.e event ol lire in the woods, great mk is incnr- 
 '; r#d ol" Ibeir being deutroyed. 
 
farther into the details of the first settlement, as on 
 all these points you will be -guided by yourown observa- 
 tion on the spot, and the advice you will get Irom the 
 Local Agents and superintendents. Great caution is 
 necessary in all your transactions. When you stand 
 in need of advice apply to the Government Agents, 
 or other respectable sources. You will find many 
 plans and schemes oflered to your consideration, on 
 your route from Quebec to your destination in Upper 
 Canada ; but turn away from them — unless you are 
 well satisfied of the purity of the statements. Should 
 you require to change your English money, go to the 
 Banks or some well known respectable person. The 
 currency in the Canadas is at the rate of 5s. to the 
 dollar, and is called Halifax Currency. The value of 
 English gold, or silver, is regulated by the rate of Ex- 
 change on England, which fluctuates. At present 
 the gold sovereign is worth 23s. 6d. to 24s. cur- 
 rency. In New York 8s. is calculated for the 
 dollar ; hence many are deceived when hearing of the 
 rates of labour, &c. — 5s. in Canada, is equal to 8s. in 
 New York ; thus, 8s. New York currency is equivalent 
 to 5s. Halifax. InUpper Canada, and in the Townships 
 of Lower Canada, the tenure of Lands is " Free and 
 Common Soccage," as m England. In the Seigneurial 
 or French parts of Lower Canada, the feudal or 
 French tenure is the custom. In the Canadas you live 
 under the British law^s, and constitution, and are less 
 incumbered with taxes or local imposts, than in any 
 other country, on the face of the globe. You ought, pre- 
 vious to leaving Quebec, to apply at the Post Office ; 
 should you expect any letters ; and if you are writing 
 to your friends in the United Kingdom by Post, you 
 must pay the Postage ; so also, when waiting to the 
 United States. Letters from ome part of the Canadas, 
 to the other, do not require «o be Post paid. Emi- 
 grants may forward letters, to the United Kingdom, 
 from Quebec, by taking them to the Keeper of the 
 Merchant's Exchange, and paying one penny for 
 ^£^ch, • 
 
6 
 
 TIavinp; arranged all your business at Quebec, you 
 will proceed without loss of time to Montreal, by 
 steam-boat, on your route to Upper Canada. Two 
 Bteam-boats ply daily to Montreal, 180 miles up the 
 St. Lawrence, which is performed in 24 to .'iO hours. 
 The fare for deck passengers, is 78. Od. for adults,— 
 children under 12 pay half price, and under 7 one 
 third. These steam boats belong to private individuals. 
 Government is in no manner connected with them. 
 At Montreal you will iind a Government Agent who 
 will advise you should you recpiire it. 
 
 Routes to the principal places in Upper Canada, as 
 follows : 
 
 rnst. 
 
 Quebec to Montroul, l)y steam-lioats /""■ <•<'• 
 
 Montreal to Vrescott, by Dnrluwii boats, <>»■ i^' • 
 
 rre»colt to K ingslon , by steam ^'*- «'"• 
 
 Ditto toCobnrffb.orVortl opp /«• "U- 
 
 Vrescott to York, Capital of Uppir Canada, namilton \ ^^^ 
 
 ami Niagara J 
 
 From Niagara, you proceed by land to Fort Erie, 
 opposite Bulfalo on Lake l^.rie, where steam-boats, or 
 sailin"- schooners will convey those destined to Port 
 Talbot or other parts of the London District, or 
 vicinity of Lake St. Clair. Persons going to settle on 
 the Lands of the Canada Company, will proceed to 
 York or Burlington Bay, head of Lake Ontario. 
 
 At most of the precedmg Towns and landing places 
 you will find Government Agents. If you are bound 
 to Perth, or New Lanark, or the vicinity, disembark 
 at Prescott ; or you may go via By-Town on the 
 Ottawa. If for the thriving settlements in the New- 
 castle District, disembark at Coburgh or Port Hope, 
 on Lake Ontario. Those going to the Township of 
 Seymour may proceed from Kingston, by the beautiful 
 Bay of Quinte to the mouth of the Trent River, from 
 whence a road, distance 18 miles, brings you to Sey- 
 mour If proceeding to the Home or Western Districts, 
 disembark at York, the Capital of Upper Canada.—- 
 Emigrants going anywhere beyond York, wdl in general 
 find it their interest to make it their route. It for the 
 London District, proceed by the Niagara frontier, to 
 
 ■'!*>■ 
 
9 
 
 Lake Erie, and the Talbot Settlement. If for By- 
 Town, Grcnville, Hull, Horton, or otiier situations, 
 on the Ottawa Kivcr ; proceed i\'om Montreal, and 
 Lachinc, by the usual conveyances. 
 
 Crown Lands, of the most fertile quality, are pre- 
 pared for the reception of Emigrants in many parts of 
 Upper Canada, and will be sold payable by 
 instalments. The following Offices, have been opened 
 by the Commissioner of Crown Lands in Upper 
 Canada for the convenience of Emigrants : 
 
 In the Bathurst District, Mr. McNaughton will 
 open his office at By-Town. 
 
 Major Campbell, of the Township of Seymour, for 
 the Midland District. 
 
 Mr. Ritchie for the Home District, and will reside 
 in Sunnidale. 
 
 ^ Mr. Mount, Deputy-Surveyor for the Western 
 District, between Carradoc and the St. Clair. 
 
 Emigrants may obtain employment, for two or three 
 Ttionths, on the roads, in several Townships, in the 
 Western and Home Districts of Upper Canada, 
 
 Routes to the principal settlements in Lower Ca- 
 nada, are as follows : — 
 
 District of Quebec, south side of the River St. 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Township of Frampton, 36 miles from Quebec by 
 Point Levy, a thriving settlement, inhabitants mostly 
 Irish. 
 
 Townsh'ps lying contiguous to the Kennebec Road, 
 beyond Fri;mpton, offer good prospect for settlement. 
 The landj :.re principally private property. The 
 Seigniory of St. Giles, 30 miles from Quebec, by St. 
 Nicholas and the Craig's Road, is favourably situated 
 for Emigrants, from its contiguity to the Capital, and is 
 increasing rapidly, its populaticu is principally Irish. 
 
 New Afgyle, in the Seigniory of St. Croix, 8 miles 
 from Richardson's Tavern, on the Craig's Road, in 
 St. Giles, and 38 miles from Quebec ; the new Road 
 to the Township of Inverness, passes through this 
 settlement. Inhabitants, principally Highlanders 
 
Id 
 
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 i 
 
 from the Island of Islay, and Irish.— The Lands in 
 this part are of good quality. 
 
 The settlements of Ulster, Yorkshire, Dublin, an4 
 New Hamilton, commence four miles beyond New 
 Argyle, and 42 miles from Quebec, and are situated 
 in the flourishing Township of Inverness : through 
 which a new Road has been nearly finished to the 
 borders of the Township of Halifax. The inhabitants 
 of Inverness are from various parts of the United 
 Kingdom. — Those from England are principally from 
 Yoikshire, — those from Ireland, mostly from the 
 Northern Counties, — and those from Scotland, are 
 chiefly Highlanders from the Island of Arran. Beyond 
 Inverness lie the Townships of Halifax, Chester, and 
 Tingwick ; good lands for settlement ; but at present 
 there is no convenient road to them. The Township 
 of Athabaska, joins Inverness, and is a desirable place 
 for settlement. 
 
 The Township of Leeds through which Craig's 
 Road passes, lies to the left of Inverness, — is 50 
 miles from Quebec, and is increasing rapidly in popu- 
 lation. Inhabitants, Scotch, Irish and English. 
 
 The Township of New Ireland, through which 
 Craig's Road also passes, lies beyond Leeds, 60 miles 
 from Quebec and is increasing much in Population. 
 The Inhabitants are principally Irish, and a number of 
 English of the "Wesleyan connexion, also about 25 
 American families from the United States. 
 
 Craig's Road leads to Shipton and Dudswtll, but 
 is impassable for wheel carriage transport beyond 
 Ireland. 
 
 From the Market-slip, in the Lower Town of 
 Quebec, ferry-boats go daily as the tide suits, to St. 
 Nicholas, 12 miles up the river on the south side, 
 where Craig's Road begins. 
 
 Eastern Townships of Lower Canada. The 
 present route is via Three Rivers, 90 miles 
 above Quebec, by steam-boat, — here cross the 
 St. Lawrence to the south side and proceed to Sher- 
 brooke, by Nicolet, La Bale, and Drummondville, or 
 
 an 
 
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 you may proceed to Sorel, 40 miles above Three Rivers 
 on the south side of the St. Lawrence, and there dis- 
 embark ; the rate of passage from Quebec by the 
 steam-boat, will be about the same as to stop at Three 
 Rivers, and you will avoid the ferry, — a good road 
 leads from Sorel to Sherbrooke, by Yamaska and 
 Drummondville.— The distance from Quebec to Sher. 
 brooke in a straight line by the new road to Inverness, 
 when finished is 99 miles, and by Three Rivers or 
 Sorel, the route obliged to be taken for transport is 
 160 miles, of which 70 is land carriage. 
 
 Sherbrooke is the Capital of the Eastern Townships, 
 and IS surrounded by thriving settlements, particularly 
 Stanstead, where industrious farming labourers or 
 mechanics are much wanted, and are sure (by good 
 conduct) to do well; as also, the Townships of 
 Stanbndge, Brome, Dunham, Potton and the Seignio- 
 ry of St. Armand, the route to which is by St. John's. 
 Chambly is 40 miles from Sorel and 18 from 
 Montreal,— Labourers may get employment at 
 the Canal now making at Chambly. Chateauguay, 
 Godmanchester and Sherington, from 25 to 40 miles 
 from Montreal, south side of the St. Lawrence, are 
 thriving situations. 
 
 North side of the River St. Lawrence, and 
 in the District and vicinity of Quebec, are 
 the settlements of Beauport, Stoneham, Tewksbury 
 Valcartier and Jacques Cartier, Deschanibault, and 
 the settlement of Portneuf. Inhabitants, princi- 
 pally Irish. 
 
 Three Rivers and its vicinity, 90 miles from 
 Quebec give employment to many Emigrants.— 
 In the rear of Berthier, 130 miles above Quebec, are 
 the Townships of Brandon, Kilkenny, Rawdon and 
 Kildare. 
 
 New Glasgow settlement in the Seigniory of Terre- 
 bonne, is about 30 miles from Montreal, — Persons 
 bound for the Townships bordering on the Ottawa 
 River, particularly Lochaber, Templeton, Hull, 
 
12 
 
 &c. will take their route and depai lure from Montreal. 
 There are many desirable situations for settlement 
 belonging to private individuals in Upper and Lower 
 Canada. The names of the Proprietors or the Agents 
 may be had on application at this office. 
 
 It is particularly recommended to Emigrants to be 
 exceedingly cautious in ascertaining the titles to such 
 lands as they may settle on. 
 
 Recommendation for lands to the respective Town- 
 ship Agents and Superintendents of settlements in 
 Upper and Lower Canada, with routes, &c. will be 
 furnished to Emigrants {gratis). 
 
 A. C. BUCHANAN, 
 
 Chief Agent. 
 
 Emigrant Department, 
 Quebec, 1st May, 1832. 
 
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