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Las diagrammas suivants lilustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 22 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 A[ ir < co REMINISCENCES ^ J AND Thrilling Stories OF THE War BY Returned Heroes CONTAINING Vivid Accounts of Personal Experiences by Officers and Men AT SANTIAGO, COWING OESCR.P.IONS OP )h^Z^'^ BY I ht: UrFlCFP*^ OF THE VESSELS ENGAGED Daring Deeds of our Brave Regulars and Volunteers at . Santiago, in Porto Rico and the Philippine Islands reminiscences of life in camp, Field and hospital THRILLING SCENES ON THE RETURN OF OUR BRAVF HEROFS SOUL-STIRRING POEMS AND SONGS OF THE wIr ETC INCLUDING FULL ACmUNIS OF OUR BAT! LES WITH THE FILIPINO INSURGENTS NEAR MANILA BY HON. JAMES RANi:iN YOUNG Member of Co„gre„ and for many years Cl.rk of .h« United States Sena,. IN COLLABORATION WITH J. HAMPTON MOORE Tl,e well-known Author and Newspaper Correspondent Profusely Embellished with Superb Engravings McDERMID & LOGAN LONDON, ONTARIO Entered according to Act of Coiij(rcss, In the yenr 1899, by J- R. JONKS In the Oftic _• of the Librarian of ConKrcrw, at Washington, D. Q, All Rights Reserved by xc. TO THE Gallant Soldiers and Sailors OP Our Army and Navy Whose Heroic Sacrifices and Superb Achievements GAINED FOR the STARS AND STRIPES SUCH MAGNIFICENT victories in our war with spain this volume Which Narrates in Glowing Terms the Thrilling Stories OF THEIR Splendid Triumphs IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED AS A HEARTFELT TRIBUTE BY THE AMERICAN PEOPLE TO THE HEROISM THAT PERFORMED PEERLESS DEEDS OF VALOR IN THE GREAT BATTLES ON SEA AND LAND IN Cuba, in the Philippines, and in Porto Rico Introduction. HEN war with Sr-'n was forced upon us, a sense of horror ran through the ^eople of the United States, and panic- ularly those whose recollections carried them back to the terrible days of our Great Civil War. By many people the wisdom of a war, in which it was contended we had no direct mterest, was seriously doubted. The United States had never engaged in a war upon foreign soil, except our trifling war with Mexico, and the conservative peo- pie of the country were fearful that the government was about to involve Itself m an unnecessary quarrel which threatened enormous expense and great loss of life and valuable property. ^ Congress, however, was not slow to grasp the situation, yield- ing promptly to the appealing cries of the down-trodden and on- pressed people of Cuba, and to the aggressive patriotism which was steadily gaining ground throughout the United States in favor of the emancipation of the poor wretches around whose necks the yoke ol Spain was fastened. When war was finally declared and the scene shifted from one of argument to one of fact, there was no voice strong enough to stem the wave of enthusiasm which swept like wildfire all over our great country. It now became purely and solely a question of ^maintaining the honor of the flag. As to that there was positively no dispute and the call to arms found a ready and generous response irom the sturdy patriots of every State of the Union. Batdes followed in quick succession on sea and land, always with increasing honor to the gallant men who marched to the attack wtr U r^K^"', -^'"P^^- ^"^ '^^^^ ^^'^'-'^ ^'^^ -t know What would be the ultimate outcome of the war. They were fight- iij «v INTRODUCTION. ing for the glory of their country, for humanity, and the applause of their friends at home. Step by step the war progressed, until the startled world saw the youngest of the great nations reaching out, in spite of tradition over Eastern seas and far away Islands, which the average American never dreamed would fall to the lot of his country. All Europe stood amazed at the sweeping victories wherever the American flag was planted. The wonderful success of Admiral Dewey at Manila stirred the interest, if not the fear, of foreign po- tentates, as it had never been stirred before. The destruction of Cervera's fleet near Santiago, and the irresistible onslaughts of the American troops at La Quasina, El Caney and San Juan, not only excited to Its highest pitch the enthusiasm of Americans at home and abroad, but ratded the dry bones of European monarchies, and necessitated an extension of the scope of the war from the mere liberation of Cuba, to one of the broadest humanitarian import. The hand of destiny guided the civilizing influences of the American spirit and gave point to the thought that the great cause of Christianity itself was to finally triumph over the benighted coun. tries of the earth. One of the surprising results of the steady progress of the American arms was the effect upon the mother country. England Never since the establishment of the colonies "in America, did the British sentiment bring itself so heartily in accord with American purposes. It resulted in the suggestion of an alliance, which many of the great thinkers of the day look forward to, as an irresistible compact against which the assaults of tlie heathen world would be as paper bullets against the stoutest armor plate. Every incident of the war contributed to make it one of the most remarkable in history. The traditionally conservative United States government at one bound took front rank. The change in foreign policy was as startling as it was sudden, and the return of peace with great honor to the chivalry and the diplomacy of ou/ nation, opened up new and broad questions which will command the attention, not so much of politicians, as of the wisest statesmen the country can produce. , ■■mi. INTRODUCTION. , D^J^Vu'^l^ '^' war is fresh in our minds. The names of L»ewey, Schley. Sampson, Miles. Roosevelt, Wheeler and Hobson land Th^-°*J";r ^^""^ ^''^""^ household words throughout the h ".K r , '"^ experiences and the daring of the brave men exptl?: "f '"' volunteers who joined with them in the perilous exploits of the war have made an imperishable impress upon the ftteTn-;^' 'T'"^ " ^"^°" ^" P^^^'°^'^"^' -^^^^ 'p-ks volume , lor the stability of our great country. !.,„ w ^"u"^' ^"''^ ^°' ** "-broken series of victories that fol- lowed fast the opening of actual hostilities. The Spaniards were S 1 ^ T"^ ''.";;'''"'^ "'^ *^ ^°''"" ^"d ^^"o--- The opportunity force, Tt^ °' ^"'T'"' ""^8"= ™= °"^ '^ "''-l^ ''e regu la^ forces of the army and navy had long been waiting; it was one wh,ch he volunteers were only too eager to embrace Words cannot adequately describe the emotions of the stronp- thetrm: rr "''" "^^r"^^' "'■°- ^'»^ -"^<'' ='-S dear ir"fe '^"" ^"^"o- °f *e gaze of the friends they held most dear m life. To use a homely expression, they had been "given the dare and they soon demonstrated that death upon the fieU wol be preferable to a return in dishonor. I. was the full force of from thf Spanrshtc^T"" '"'" '"' ''^^'- ""'^'^ ^'-'^^ ^'^^"^ test Jf il'"""' " ^"^' '"^ ^°"° •^''°' *= ~™"'' 'hance for a Til T'^f "=*' '^^Serly seized by those who had gone b no d'T 7'"^r °' ** ^''"y °f *•= «^^- '" "o battle fought ■n no deed done, darmg and perilous as it might be, were men wantmg to undertake the gtavese and most dangfrous explo ts. The s,nk,„g of the Merrimac in the harbor of Santiago, stand- Zn U , Tk T"' '° Lieutenant Hobson and his daring crew «r V r ' """"'^ ^"^ 8'"«n all their pay to have taken the place of any one of •• the chosen few." but sLLl the certain death, that no money was sufficient to induce any one of ^ INTRODUCTION. them to yield his privilege. When an army and a navy is made of stutt like this, the result can never be in doubt. Deplorable as war is, it may not be without its compensations. Our brief and glorious struggle has resulted in material advantages of conquest, but more than all, it has imparted to the rising genera- tion a lasting lesson in civic duty. The spirit of loyalty has never been more thoroughly aroused. The sectionalism, which threatened die disruption of the Union in 1861, has been banished forever. The cries of an enthralled and afflicted people have been answered and humanity has been redeemed. The government of the United States has shaken off its lethargic conservatism, and, yielding to the demands of civilization, yea, to the slogan of Christianity itself, has established a new and lasting prestige throughout the world. The best history is that which is based upon truth, and the his- tory of the war with Spain has been told from day to day through the great newspapers whose correspondents, with commendable fearlessness, have kept in daily touch with the marching soldier, and whose danng spirit has followed the gallant sailor in all his battles upon the sea. There is no testimony like that of the eye witness and there is no story so thrilling as that narrated by an actual participant. ' In the succeeding pages, both History and Reminiscence have been collected m attractive form. The stories given have been gathered from the lips of the heroes themselves; stories which once woven mto the text books of the schools of the nation, will obtain for the brave contemporaries of our own times, places in history along with those of our heroic forefathers. To these reminiscences, gathered fresh from the field, replete with interest, and breathing in every line the dutiful devotion of American soldiers and sailors, the historian of the next century must turn for his narrative. J R- Y. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAOH ADMIRAL SCHLEY'S ACCOUNT OF THE DESTRUCTION OF CER- VERA'S FLEET j^ CHAPTER II. ADMIRAL DEWEY'S STORY OF THE* FAMOUS NAVAL VICTORY AT MANILA ' 3^ CHAPTER III. DEWEY'S MEN TELL OF THE GREAT BATTLE OF MANILA ... 52 CHAPTER IV. THE CAPTAIN OF THE HUDSON TELLS OF THE FIRST AMERI- CANS KILLED IN OUR WAR WITH SPAIN 67 CHAPTER V. EYE-WITNESSES VIVIDLY DESCRIBE THE FIRST BATTLES ON CUBAN SOIL , .. . 80 CHAPTER VI. "°®^^^ J^,!^^^ '^"^ THRILLING STORY OF THE SINKING OF THE MERRIMAC 99 CHAPTER VII. ^^^^^^J^^^"^^^ TELLS OF THE GREAT NAVAL BATTLE NEAR SANTIAGO j20 CHAPTER VIII. NAVAL OFFICERS NARRATE THE STORY OF CERVERA'S DEFEAT 140 vii viu CONTENTS. CHAPTER IX. GENERAL WHEELER DESCRIBES THE ADVANCE OF THE AMER- ICAN ARMY ON SANTIAGO 161 CHAPTER X. ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF LA QUASINA BY COLONELS ^TOOD AND ROOSEVELT I79 CHAPTER XI. ROUGH RIDERS' STORIES OF THEIR GRAND ACHIEVEMENTS . 191 CHAPTER XII. THRILLING STORIES TOLD BY THE REGULARS 204 CHAPTER XIII. ARMY OFFICERS PRAISE THE HEROISM OF OUR SOLDIERS AT THE BATTLES AROUND SANTIAGO 218 CHAPTER XIV. STORIES OF CAMP, FIELD AND HOSPITAL BY THE VOLUNTEERS 236 CHAPTER. XV. GENERAL SHAFTER TELLS OF THE DOWNFALL OF SANTIAGO AND SURRENDER OF THE SPANISH ARMY 248 CHAPTER XVI. GRAPHIC ACCOUNTS BY NAVAL OFFICERS OF THE BOMBARD- MENT OF SAN JUAN, PORTO RICO 26» CHAPTER XVII. GENERAL MILES* CAMPAIGN IN PORTO RICO 284 CHAPTER XVIII. VICrrORIOUS march of our soldiers to SAN JUAN, PORTO RICO 307 218 26S . 2S4 . 807 CONTENTS. jjj CHAPTER XIX. ^^'^^ maniIa^ gallant fight of our army and navy at '^""^ 320 CHAPTER XX. .SURRENDER OF MANILA AFTER ATTACK OF DEWEY AND MERRITT '^ r.t AINU 339 CHAPTER XXI. CHIEF GOVERNMENT DETECTIVE'S STORY OF THE SPIES OF SPAIN AND HOW THEY WERE CAPTURED . . ... 359 CHAPTER XXII. THRILLING STORIES OF THE WAR BY OUR BRAVE HEROES . . 375 CHAPTER XXIII. STORIES OF THE CAMP. BATTLEFIELD AND HOSPITAL . . . . 401 CHAPTER XXIV. VIVID ACCOUNT OF THE SIEGE OF SANTIAGO . 413 CHAPTER XXV. EXCITING EXPERIENCES OF OUR SOLDIERS AND SAILORS ... 429 CHAPTER XXVI. HOSPITAL WORK IN CAMP AND AT THE BATTLE OF SANTIAGO 446 CHAPTER XXVII. ™''Ie''d CRo'^SS^ ^^^''^'' ^-^^ ™^ ^^«LE WORK OF THE 466 CHAPTER XXVIII. TROPHIES AND MEMENTOS OF THE WAR CHAPTER XXIX. SKETCHES OF FAMOUS NUPSFS OV twt7 t>a-i^- ''^''^ IN CAMP w^Kbhb ON THE BATTLEFIELD AND 495 m X CONTENTS. CHAPTER XXIX. PAGE POETRY AND SONGS OF THE WAR COMMEMORATING DEEDS OF HEROISM 5Qg COLONEL ROOSEVELT'S OFFICIAL REPORTS ON THE BATTLE OF SAN JUAN flOj) PEACE JUBILEES ^.^^■ OUR NEW POSSESSIONS, INCLUDINCi HAWAII AND THF PHII IP PINE ISLANDS \ g20 TREATY OF PEACE WITH SPAIN q^q ATTACK ON MANILA BY THE INSURGENTS; CAPTURE OF ILOILO, PASIG AND PATEROS; SURRENDER OF NEGROS AND CEBU ISLANDS g54 BATTLES AROUND MANILA * . . . 670 AGUINALDO SUING FOR PEACE 687 I . 614 AUTOGRAPHS OP DISTINGUISHED AMERICANS. Recognizing the very general desire of the readers of this volume to possess the Autographs of our Government Officials and Army and Navy Officers who have been prominent in our War with Spain, we append the following Signatures, which will always be regarded as valuable mementoe* of their gallant and heroic services : Prhsidknt of the United States. I l^ffl I /ff)i\ Secretary of the Navy, Ex-Secretarv of State and President of Peace Commissioners. Coi.ONSi< OF the Rough ^ers in xhb Baxtlks Around Santiago si xii AUTOGRAPHS OF DISTINGUISHED AMERICANS y'^a^. -*^ ■'^^'^ -^^^^^.^^..^z^ ^-^ ^^i^ Major-Gkneral U. S. v.. Formerly U. S. Consul AT Havana. AUTOGRAPHS OF DISTINGUISHED AMERICANS. Xltl Captain H. C. Taylor. U. S. N. ■Hr AUTOGRAPHi> OF DISTINGUISHED AMERICANS. W. S. ScHLKY, Rear Admiral U. S. N. COMM.^DER OF THE IlL FatED BATTLESHIP MaINE. C^ € "i^*'.^^^ ■^ ^%^ €^^ "/a/-^ WiuaAM Ludlow, Maj. Gen'l U. S. V. AUTOGRAPHS OF DISTINGUISHED AMERICANS. xvu ?p^^/-^-^ m^: ^. i^a-c0. <^^'l^^^ y- 7 .vii AUTOGRAPHS OF DISTINGUISHED AMERICANS. Hero of Manila. Hero op the MsKRiMAa a^^m. , /^yWf-:^^t*y^ Commander of the Marblehead, /. Joseph Wheeler, Major-General U. S. A. Colonel of the Rough Riders. AUTOGRAPHS OF DISTINGUISHED AMERICANS. XIX dWi^O^^^mi^ _ "^^1 -^^i Irty^ One of the Gallant Leaders in Battles Around Santiago ENSION WORTH BAOLEV. KiLLEO ON THE WiNSLOW. .. CaR.ENAS HaK.OK. Lieutenant Victor Blue, of the New York WHO DID Valuable Scouting Servi^r During the Blockade of Santiago. " Who Commanded the Launch SENT TO Rescue Hobson and His Men when they Sunk the Merrimac A Member OF General Shafter's Staff, who Raised and Ko..„_ . n. ,, H.S OWN EXPENSE. W.ICH WAS SenT TO THE PhIuPPInTs." "''^''"'^* Storie s OF T HE War. CHAPTER I. Admiral Schley's Vivid Account of the Destruction of Cervera's Fleet. HE thrilling nu. ratives of their experiences in battle which were furnished by many of our brave heroes on their return from the war will be read with intense interest. These are the statements of men who were in actual conflict and took part in the gallant deeds which have won the admiration of our whole country. The graphic stories of heroism and suffering have a wonderful reality when they come from tiie lips of those who were participants in the scenes they so vividly describe. Admiral Schley gave a description of the destruction of Cervera's fleet which contains facts not hitheito related. The Admiral said: " I am certainly glad the war is over. I can tell you there is no fun in being under fire. When you hear a man say that he likes to fight you can tell him with truth that the liars are not all dead. I have been under fire many times, and let me say that I never knew what my emotions were during the ordeal. I realized after it was over that I was glad. But a man does not have an opportunity to like fighting. " How do I feel ? I have not yet recovered from my illness. I lost twenty pounds in two months. I attribute this to the awfu) strain while blockading Cervera's fleet and the engagement ofi" Santiago. The concussion of the big guns on my own vessel was simply terrible. The feeling is inde- scribable, but my head is still buzzing, and it will be some time before I get straightened out. " I knew of Cervera's proposed move twenty-four hours before the squadron dashed out of the harbor. How did I know it? By intuition. I had studied the situation carefully, and was certain that Cervera must move within fortv-eieht hours. I watched everv vessel in that fleet for three davs before the dash was made. I not only watched them, but I knew every move they made. 2 17 ■•^ 18 ADMIRAL SCHLEYS VIVID STORY. hl.U. '','; "" '^''""r"'"'^ "'-'* ^'y ''•'^'^'''"B ■■» "'■'''»'■" ■■'P'''" away across the h lis; we could see columns of smoke rise up into the air at ccrtL periods It was not hard to connect this sn.oke with the funnels of the vessel of the squadron, and thus I was kept informed as to their whereabouts. Every time one of e vessels moved the tell-tale smoke followed her course, and so did I. So all the n.ght before the dash was n,ade a thousand pairs of sleepless a mous"e No. r" """"'' ""'^l""' '" ""'"• "'" '"'-' '''''''' ^ ^ -* -*'»'- a mouse. Not for one mmute did we lose track of the Spanish squadron and we were fully prepared for the dash. Ready to Give a Hot Reception. "One hour before the Spaniards appeared my quartermaster on the n ooklyn reported t me th..t Cervera's fleet was coalinjj up. This was just wha expected, and wc prepared everything for a hot reception. Away ove ^>e h.lls great clouds of smoke could be faintly seen rilg up to thHky Th bn k :; "; -^'l"'^' ''^^"" ^° '"°^^' ^^^^^^^^ ^"^- --'' °f ^'-^ Carbon The b.ack cloud wound m and out along the narrow channel, and every eye on board the vessels m our fleet strained with expectation. The boys we^e s, ent for a full hour and the gri.n old vessels lay back like tigers wa^^ng o pounce upon the.r prey. S.uMenly the whole Spanish fleet shot out of the mouth of the channel. It was the grandest spectacle I ever witnessed. Th flames were pounng out of the funnels, and as it left the channel the flee opened fire w,th every gun on board. Their guns were worked as rapidly a possible, and shells were raining around like hail ^ ^ H.n '-i K r' "" l'"]'' '''*"'^'' ^y ^''' in'pression was that of a lot of mad- dened bus. goaded to desperation, dashing at their tormentors. The srorm projecfles and shells was the hottest imaginable. I wondered where hey U re;T r- i"f " '''' ^""^'-^ "^""^ ^--^-^ ^he Brooklyn opened up wi h !T f m '1 r^' ••"•nndtaneously the rest of the fleet fired Our volley w^.s a ternble shock to the Spaniards, and so surprised them that they mus^ have been badly rattled. When our fleet swung around and gave chase we not only had to ftce the fire fron. the vessels, but were bothered by a crors! InJ^Z IT °";''''' ''''• "'^'■'^'^ °P^-^ "^ - °- fl-t - -on as the ho t; tlT: '" '"'°^- ^'^ ^"^^^--^ --^ have lasted three hours, but I hardly knew what tmie was. I remember crashing holes through t,.e Mar.a Teresa, and giving chase to the Colon. ^ " ^ y^^ °" the bridge of the Brooklyn during the whole engagement and ThHhd Vtn "" ^" '^"■^'^ ^'^^ ' ^^"'^ "°^ -^ ^hree yard! aLd of me The shells from the enemy's fleet were whistling around and bursting every- where, except where they could do son.e dan.age. How did I feel ? f seemTd a I 1 e away across the t certain periods, he vessels of the uts. Kvoiy time jurse, atui so did jairs of sleepless as a cat watches ih squadron, and rmaster on the This was just 3n. Away over I lip to the sky. Ii of tlie harbor. I, and every eye The boys were igcrs waiting to shot out of the .witnessed. The haiinel the fleet d as rapidly as r a lot of mad- s. The storm ■ed where they opened up with d. Our volley that they must 2^3 ve chase, we ed by a cross- as soon as the '^e lasted three holes through jagement, and 3 ahead of me. 4rsting every- el ? I seemed ADMIRAL SCHLKYS VIVID STORY. ig to be the only thing on the vessel not protected by ht-avy armor, and oh! how I would have liked to get behind some of that arnior! I don't know how I kept my head, but I do know that I surprised myself by seeing and knowing all that was going on, and I could hear my voice giving orders to do just what my head thought was right, wi.ile my heart was trying to get beneath the shelter of the armored deck. How do I account for such a victory with- so little loss? That would mean how do I account for the rain of Spanish shell not doing more execution ? They fought nobly and desperately, but they had had no target practice, and did not know how to handle their guns. Shells Whistling and Bursting. " I tell you I was proud of the boys in our fleet during that engagement. They knew just what their guns could do, and not one shot was wasted. Their conduct was wonderful. It was inspiring. It was magnificen. Let me tell you that men who can stand behind big guns and lace a black .storm of shells and projectiles as coolly as though nothing was occurring; men who could laugh because a shell had missed hitting them; men who could bet one another on shots and lay odds in the midst of the horrible crashing; men who could not rtalize that they were in danger—such men are wonders, and we have a whole navy of wonders. " I ain proud to command such a gallant lot of fellows. They are the grandest set of fighters in the world. On another occasion while talking of the destruction of Cervera's fleet off Santiago, Roar Admiral Schley said: "I took it for granted that every man on the ship was just as much interested in how the fight was going as I was, but the men beiiind the casements and those below decks, of course, could not see what was going on. During the battle I sent orderlies among them telling them what was happening, and what eflfect their shots were having, " Then, when the Vizcaya struck and only the Colon was left, I sent orderlies down to the stokeholes and engine-room, where the men were working away like heroes in the terrible temperature. ' Now, boys,' I sent them word, 'it all depends on you. Everything is sunk except the Colon, and shc^ is trying to get away. We don't want her to, and everything depends on you.' They responded nobly, and we got her." 20 ADMIRAL SCHLEY'S VIVID STORY. Of the death of young Ellis, the only man killed on the Brooklyn, the Rear Admiral sa.d: "He was a bright lad, from Brooklyn, who enlisted to go before the mast, but he was a hard worker, studied navigation with the younger officers of the ship, and had risen to the rank of yeoman "As I stood talking with Captain Cook, while we were finishing the V.zcaya it seemed that our shots were falling a little short. I turned to Elhs, who stood near, and asked him what the range was. He replied Seventeen hundred yards.' I have pretty keen eyesight, and it seldom dece.ves me as to distances, and I told him I thought it was slightly more rJl h V"l'°.°'' '■'' "•■' ^"' ^'^^ ''y ^Sain.' he said, and stepped ofT to one side about eight feet to get the range. Head Shot Away by a Shell. hi,, f n^- ^^u r^ '^'"^"^ ^''' '"■^^••"'"^"t to his eye when a shell struck him full in the face and carried away all of his head above the mouth. A moment^ '^"''^'''^ ^''*'""'^' ^"'^ *^^ "'^" "^^' "^^'^ ''^"^'^^ ^""^ ^ <,iI.n"^'''!T ^"'^T' ''""^''" '"'^ '^' ^'^' ^^'"•'■^J' ^ft^'- ^ '"onient's T' uVT'1 T '"'" ^^-"dingwith his hand grasping a hammock rail as a shell struck the ship, ricocheted and burst. One piece of the metal cu the rail on one side of his hand, another on the other side, so that he was left standing vv.th a short section of the rail still grasped in his hand. Another portion of the shell passed over his shoulder and another between nis legs. He was surprised, but wasn't hurt." c -^ 71 '^^T''^ ^^""^ ^°"'" ^y *^^ Brooklyn, and I believed we could " said Admiral Cervera to Commodore Schley and Captain " Bob " Evans, in traVfit"o .h % S "' '°"^' '^^^ ^°"°" ^"^^y- ""y -^-^ '- — - r " ,Z fT^'" ''"■' '"■'■'"'^ °"*' '^"^ y^"-- ^'^'■P has a charmed life, ; / T ''^^f ^-^t"'^ ^d"^'"-^!. ^'th tears in his eyes, added: " My career is ended. I shall go back to Spain to be killed or die in disgrace " Commodore Schley put out his hand and rested it on Cervera's shoulder. He speaks Spanish, and the liquid language flowed easily as he said • Admiral you are a brave man, and coming out, as you did, in the face of a superior force, is but an exemplification of that braveiy. Your country can . but do you honor. "^ m.-cl.fT'"°''°''' Schley added: "It is my opinion that the Spanish Admiral m^ht have escaped with possibly one or two of his ships had he adopted diffe.jent tactics ,n coming out of the harbor. Had he diverted the course of nis snips scndmg some to the east, and others to the west, it is my belief that he might have escaped with 6ne or possibly two of the vessels. Such a e Brooklyn, the vho enlisted to jation with the man. e finishing the '. I turned to >. He replied, and it seldom i slightly more stepped off to a shell struck he mouth. A rattled for a r a moment's g a hammock e of the metal so that he was in his hand, ither between ed we could," )b " Evans, in rs to concen- charmed life, ' My career is ra's shoulder, as he said : the face of a country can • lish Admiral i he adopted the course of ny belief that els. Such a ADMIRAL SCHLEY'S VIVID STORY. 21 course, naturally, would have compelled us to separate our fleet, and some of Cervera's ships might have been able to reach Havana." Rear Admiral Schley was the guest of honor at a banquet given by the Lotos Club, at Its magnificent home on Fifth avenue, New York Seated at the guests' table were Bishop Potter, Admiral Erben, Captain Sigsbee, Chaun- cey M. Depew, Colonel Robert G. Ingersoll. Rev. Minot J. Savage Captain A. T. Mahan and Admiral Schley. When Admiral Schley arose to speak he was accorded a tremendous ovation. He said : • "I do not think I deserve so much praise as you are willing to accord me. I am simply a sharer in a great event and had the pleasure of assisting others to a result which has been glorious in our history " It ought to be said that the matchless victoiy of the peerless Dewey on May I and that of July 3 at Santiago, supported by the beautiful work of our army in the field before Santiago, culminated the vigilance of the Navy Department and its officers. How well our work was done the wrecks lying on the eastern end of Cuba tell the better story. Felt Oervera Was Coming Out. " Curious how little things determine results. It had been the determi- nation of the fleet of Admiral Cervera to have left on the night of July 2 Bv some strange motion of telepathy I felt that an outward movement had been determined and decided to connect the after and forward engines of my ship. T! J'Tu ^"^ l 'f/^' '" ^" °P'''^*'°" ""^ ^^''^^y ^" hour; but I was told that the full speed of four engines and one half boiler power was greater than two engines and full boiler power, so I risked it. Much has to be risked in battle. It appeared that at the very hour I was occupying my mind with this question Cervera had planned his attempt to escape. " The discipline was so complete and the men off Santiago so vigilant that the movement of the enemy's fleet was simultaneously discovered on every ship. The moment chosen by Admiral Cervera was 9.30 o'clock in the morn- mg. He assumed that we would be at quarters and wc were. In three min- utes the action had commenced. They came out in beautiful order, technically a column under high pressure of steam. Signals were made to close in and clear for action, followed by a general inward movement. Guns were opened. Such a bombardment as followed in the next fifteen minutes rarely falls to the experience of anyone. The batteries east and west of the harbor opened on the vessels. The firing was of a kind that can only come with sTrnp^tlrrTfic^^ '"" ^'' ^'"" °' ^"^"'^" ^'-^^ ^^^^^^ ^^-' - -- "I stood on the bridge to better determine which of three methods to 22 ADMIRAL SCHLEY'S VIVID STORY. pursue. The movement was made westward, the most vulnerable to the enemy. We followed at high speed until we determined that the attitude of the enemy was flight rather than fight. Fifteen minutes would have been lost had not this been the case, masking the enemy against our fire. The result in 29 minutes was that four of the enemy's ships were destroyed and on fire and in retreat to the beach and two remained, the Vizcaya and the Colon, who put their helms port and attempted to escape to the west, pursued by all oui]' fleet except two, who remained behind for humanity's sake and to save life, which is common to civilized warfare. Fifty-nine minutes from the time the Teresa and the Oquendo commenced flight they suffered terribly. " It was the first time I have ever seen shingles literally fly from a ship. They were pierced by 100 projectiles, the water mains cut and set on fire. One shell alone killed and wounded thirty persons. The Colon steamed up out of range, and I directed Captain Cook, of the Brooklyn, to go to dinner, and the same signal was sent to the Oregon. Then I set to work the firemen and coal-heavers, those noble, silent, effective workers, upon whom effects were to depend. I stood on the bridge and I heard coming through the hatchways the song of ' Old John's body goes marching on,' while those ster- ling fellows were shoveling coal and we bounded forward. One of Clark's Railway Trains. " After thirty minutes of good feeding we gained so much on the Colon that I signaled Captain Clark, of the Oregon, to let go one of his railway trains. One of his thirteen-inch guns was fired and fell just astern. Then the Brooklyn fired an eight-inch shell, which fell about an equal distance ahead. Clark wig-wagged to me 'A little ahead.' I wig-wagged back, ' A little astern.' Then came the query from Clark ' if she were not an Italian ship,' and I replied that I thought she wore other colors now. These were the pleasantries of the battle. " The third shot struck. Then the Brooklyn fired an eight-inch shell which struck on her quarter and wrecked the cabin and everything in it. We were then coming up within range. Seeing the dangerous ground he fired a gun to leeward and then ran his ship ashore. Captain Cook, flag captain, was sent to demand an unconditional surrender, which was granted. Some time after the commander-in-chief came and the prize was turned over to him and a substantial report turned in. Commander Eaton at this juncture reported that the Pelayo had been seen on the coast and Admiral Sampson said : ' Schley, take the Oregon and cpq east and finish up the jnb.' " We started and saw a vessel ahead which bore all the earmarks of a Spaniard, and we felt that any Spaniard was on dangerous ground that day. ADMIRAL SCHLEY'S VIVID STORY. 23 A second report came from the Vixen that she had been examined from close range and that she was the Pelayo, and I signaled the commander that I would go west and engage her. She turned southwest. Then we thought we had a fight sure. Then we saw it was a turreted ship, not a battleshij), such as the Pelayo. Our men were so educated, by having the pictures of Spanish ships posted about our ship that one of them came up to me and said: " ' Admiral, that is not the Pelayo, but the Cardinal Cisneros,' and I said that was easy. We approached within 2,500 yards, and I saw a signal go up, and I wondered what the Spanish meant by signalling to us. Cook suggested that she wanted to know what had happened up on the beach. " Then we made her out the Marie Teresa, an Austrian battleship. Her commander visited us and said he wanted to go into Santiago to carry out German refugees. We told him to see the commander-in-chief the next morn- ing. Heasked what was a safe distance to remain offshore. I told him ten miles and he said : ' 1 11 make it twenty to be sure/ and he did. Next day he sent a steam launch into the harbor. Our Gunners Without Peers. " It ought to be said of the men of our navy that our gunners are without peers. War shortens life, but there is no doubt that it broadens it. It has been said that every generation of men should defend the spurs they inherited. The same authority also said : ' Point me a nation that two generations have passed without war and you will point to one whose decadence has begun.' War is a necessary evil. It is to the modern body politic, medicine the same as the natural and corporal body has to take." An officer of our fleet at Santiago said the glory of this battle was not all due to the men on deck, but was equally due to the men below, " upon whom dropped the hot saltpetre water from the sponging of the guns.'making the decks slippery and burning blisters on the bare backs of the men under- neath, who, groping and choking, feeling their way through the dense smoke go silently and obediently about their work with but one thought and aim in view— to keep those continually empty cars and hoists filled with powder and projectiles, not knowing how the battle is raging until a cheer is finally heard from deck; their spirits brighten, and an old salt will exclaim, ' I guess they must have hit 'em that time.' " Then he goes up and sits on a large shell for good luck, or. as a yell IS neard, ' Armor-piercing, quick!' and the shells are quickly changed he takes an oily rag and rubs the cap of the projectile, saying: 'That'll make er bite better/ and the young boy of the new navy, who has been in the 24 ADMIRAL SCHLEY'S VIVID STORY. 't service as many months as the old salt has years, exclaims to his shipmates * Ah, what's he giving us ? ' ' " There were other heroes that day, men who never see the battle, but do the work that keeps everything in the ships in motion and take a risk greater than commodore or captain. When the Vizcaya had been sunk and beached that day, Captain Cook, having been ordered by Commodore Schley to cease firing, called the men from the handling rooms and the turret to take a breath of air while the chase of the Colon went on. But the battle was on for men not visible. Down beneath the protective belt, informed only of the glories of the day's fighting by Captain Cook's bulletin, through the speaking tube, men worked in a pit below the water in a temperature of over i6o degrees. " From the funnels the black smoke pouring forth told that stokers and coal-passers and firemen were woiking like fiends to give the ship more mo- mentum, so that the foe would be captured. At the engines Engineer Carter and his assistant, Mr. Patton, watched every pulsation and encouraged the men to greater effort to produce more steam. In the stoke holds men toiled amid fierce flames that licked out at them each time the doors opened for coal or the long slice bars went in. " Slowly the Brooklyn gained on the Colon, until the last Spanish flag went down. So did the Oregon. The fire and engineers' corps of the two ships had won the day and caught the last of the Spanish fleet." "Fighting Bob's" Story. Captain Evans' account of the battle, as he told it in the cabin of the bat- tleship Iowa, after the fight, is more interesting possibly than his oflScial report. He said : "At the time 'general quarters' was sounded, the engine bell rang ' full speed ahead,' and I put the helm to starboard, and the lov/a crossed the bows of the Infanta Maria Teresa, the first ship out. As the Spanish admiral swung to the westward, the 12-inch shells on the forward turret of the Iowa seemed to strike him fair in the bow, and the fight was a spectacle. As the squadron came out in column, the ships beautifully spaced as to distance, and gradually increasing their speed to thirteen knots, it was superb. " The Iowa from this moment kept up a steady fire from her heavy guns, heading all the time to keep the Infanta Maria Teresa on her starboard bow, |and hoping to ram one of the leading ships. In the meantime the Oregon, Indiana, Brooklyn and Texas were doing excellent "'ork with their heavy guns. In a very short space of time the enemy's ships were all clear of the to his shipmates, ADMIRAL SCHLEY'S VIVID STORY. 25 harbor mouth, and it became evidently impossible for the Iowa to ram either the first or the second ship on account of their speed. " The range at this time was two thousand yards from the leading ship. The Iowa's helm was immediately put hard to starboard and the entire star- board port side was poured into the Infanta Maria Teresa. The helm was then quickly shifted to port and the ship headed across the stern of the Jeresa in an effort to head off the Oquendo. All the time the engines were driving at full speed ahead. A perfect torrent of shells from the enemy passed over the smoke-stacks and superstructure of the ship, but none struck her. " The Cristobal Colon, being much faster than the rest of the Spanish ships, passed rapidly to the front in an effort to escape. In passing the Iowa the Colon placed two six-inch shells fairly in our starboard bow. One passed through the cofferdam and dispensary, wrecking the latter and bursting on the berth deck, doing considerable damage. The other passed through the side of the water line with the cofferdam, where it still remains. Ship Crowded to Utmost Speed. " As it was now obviously impossible to ram any of the Spanish ships on account of their superior speed, the Iowa's helm was put to the starboard and she ran on a course parallel with the enemy. Being then abreast of the Almirante Oquendo, at a distance of I, I oo yards, the lowa'a entire battery including the rapid-fire guns, was opened on the Oquendo. The punishment was terrific. Many twelve and eight-inch shells were seen to explode inside of her, and smoke came out through her hatches. Two twelve-inch shells from the Iowa pierced the Almirante Oquendo at the same moment one for- ward and the other aft. The Oquendo seemed to stop her engines for a mo- ment and lost headway, but she immediately resumed her speed and gradually drew ahead of the Iowa and came under the terrific fire of the Oregon and Texas. "At this moment the alarm of ' torpedo-boats ' was sounded, and two torpedo-boat destroyers were discovered on the starboard quarter at a dis- tance of four thousand yards. Fire was at once opened on them with the after battery, and a twelve-inch shell cut the stern of one destroyer squarely OH. As this shell struck, a small torpedo-boat fired back at the battleship, sendmg a shell within a few feet of my head. I said to Executive Officer Rogers, That little chap has got a lot of cheek.' Rogers shouted back "She shoots very well all the same.' "Well up among the advancing cruisers, spitting shots at one and then 26 ADMIRAL SCHLEY'S VIVID STORY. !" '■I ■ i\ oednf T T vl' "'"' ?'°:"^*^'-' shooting first at a cruiser and then at a tor- pedo-boa and h.tt.ng a head wherever she saw it. The marvel was that she was not destroyed by the rain of shells. ^ .nH f ' ^V^^ """""r'r '^'' ^'''"^" ^"' '^°^'y ^'■^^'■"g ^beam of the Iowa, and for the space of fifteen minutes it was give and take between the two ships The Vizcaya fired rapidly but wildly, not one shot taking effect on the Iowa' while the shells from the Iowa were tearing great rents in the sides of the Vizcaya. As the latter passed ahead of the Iowa she came under the mur- derous fire of the Oregon. At this time the Infanta Maria Teresa and the Almirante Oquendo, leading the enemy's column, were seen to be heading for the beach and in flames. The Texas, Oregon, and Iowa pounded them unmerafully. They ceased to reply to the fire, and in a few moments the opamsh cruisers were a mass of flames and on the rocks, with their colors down, the Teresa flying a white flag at the fore. Two Spanish Ships on Fire. "The crews of the enemy's ship stripped themselves and began jumping overboard, and one of the smaller magazines began to explode. Meantime the Brooklyn and the Cristobal Colon were exchanging compliments in lively fashion and at apparently long range, and the Oregon, with her locomotive speed, was hanging well on to the Colon, also paying attention to the Viz- caya. The Teresa and the Oquendo were in flames on the beach just twenty mmutes after the first shot was fired. Fifty minutes after the fiist shot was fired the Vizcaya put her helm to port with a great burst of flame from the after part of the ship, and headed slowly for the rocks at Acceredos where she found her last resting place. "As it was apparent that the Iowa could not possibly catch the Cristobal Colon and that the Oregon and Brooklyn undoubtedly would and as the fast New York was also on her trail, I decided that the calls of humanity should be answered and attention given to the 1,200 or 1,500 Spanish officers and men who had struck their colors to the American squadron commanded by Admiral Sampson. I therefore headed for the wreck of the Vizcaya now burning furiously fore and aft. When I was in as far as tlie depth of water would admit, I lowered all rny boats and sent them at once to the a.s.istance of the unfortunate men, who were being drowned by dozens or roasted on the decks. I soon discovered that the insurgent Cubans who were on the shore would not allow the men who were struggling in the water to reach the shore. I immediately put a stop to this, but I could not nnt a stno to the mutilation of many bodies by the sharks inside the reef. These ADMIRAL SCHLEY'S VIVID STORY. 2V creatures had become excited by the blood from the wounded mixing in the water. " My boats' crc s worked manfully and succeeded in saving many of the wounded from the burning ship. One man, who will be recommended for promotion, clambered up the side of the Vizcaya and saved three men from burning to death. The smaller magazines of the Vizcaya were exploding with magnificent cloud effects. The boats were coming alongside in a steady string and willing hands were helping the lacerated Spanish officers and jailors on to the Iowa's quarterdeck. All the Spaniards were absolutely without clothes. Some had their legs torn off by fragments of shells. Others were mutilated in every conceivable way. Superb Examples of Heroism. " The bottoms of the boats held two or three inches of blood. In many cases dead men were lying in the blood. Five poor chaps died on the way to the ship. They were afterwards buried with military honors from the Iowa. Some examples of heroism, or more properly devotion to discipline and duty could never be surpassed. One man on the lost Vizcaya had his left arm' almost shot off just below the shoulder. The fragments were hanging by a small piece of skin. But he climbed unassisted over the side and saluted as if on a visit of ceremony. Immediately after him came a strong hearty sailor, whose left leg had been shot off above the knee. He was hoisted on board the Iowa with a tackle, but never a whimper came from him. Gra- dually the mangled bodies and naked men accumulated until it would have been almost difficult to recognize the Iowa as a United States battleship. " Blood was all over her usually white quarterdeck; and 272 naked men were being supplied with water and food by those who a few minutes before had been usmg a rapid-fire battery on them. Finally came the boats with Captain Eulate. commander of the Vizcaya, for whom a chair was lowered over the s;de, as he was evidently wounded. The Captain's guard of marines was drawn up on the quarterdeck to salute him, and I stood waiting to wel- come h.m^ As the chair was placed on deck the marines presented arms. Captain Eulate slowly raised himself in the chair, saluted me with grave d gnity, unbuckled his sword belt, and, holding the hilt of the sword before hnn, Wd it reverently, with tears in his eyes, and then surrendered it to me. saw fh?!T''l .1" '° '■"''•^" ^''' ^"^°''^' ^"^' ^' the crew of the Iowa ■Zt ''^''- ^^'r^H 'r' "'' "^"- ^^ ' ''''''' *° t^'^^ Captain Eulate he"vizcar".r, H ^ tf"" '^'"^'"^ ^''' ^°""^^' '^' '"^^^^i"" °" board the Vzcaya exploded with a tremendous burst of flame. Captain Eulate 28 ADMIRAL SCHLEY'S VIVID STORY. I extend.ng h.s hands, sa.d: 'Adios. Vizcaya. There goes my beautiful shio Captam; and so we passed on to the cabin, where the doctors rill ^l^' three wounds. In the meantime 30 officers of tZ^^-.tTl ^"'"''^ ,^'' up, besides .;. of her crew. Our ward om and « officer" '"''' their state rooms and furnished food, clothing and tob^^'o o^ e'Tk^S officers from the V.zcaya. The Paymaster issued uniforms to the n.t ^ .sa.lors ; and each was given all the corned beef, coffee a'd ha d tack he could eat. The war had assumed another aspect. Wounded Prisoners on the Gloucester. " As I knew the crews of the firrt two shios wrerWf>H 1,.^ . .. visited by any of our vessels. I ran down to'hem TTound the CI T with Admiral Cervera and a number of his leers aboadantlT: large number of wounded, some in a frigntfully mangled condit," Manv pnsoners had been killed on shore by the fire of the Subans Th Hafva^d h?i fri' "%""''' ^^^P'"" ^°"°" *° S° - -d take off the c ws of the Infanta Mana Teresa and the Almirante Oquendo. and by mTdnighrthe Hansard had 976 prisoners aboard, a great number of them wounded ^ ■ c: • u\T'T ^""^ "^^'^ ^^''^ '' "° P^*-^"^! •" Ji'^tory to this action of th. Spanish Adm.ral. He came, as he knew, to absolute destrctTon The' thanT '7^r- J'^^ ""^ *'^^ "^^ ^'•'' -^^' Colon wouldTam Is than the Brooklyn. The spectacle of two toroedo-boat ri.«f/ shellsatbest deliberately steaming out in broafd^S in e^^fS o'^^^^^^^ fire of battleships can only be described in one way. It was Snanth ^ ! was ordered by Blanco. The same must be said of^hel^e m'ovemenr " In contrast to the Spanish fashion was the cool, deliberate Yankee work The American squadron was without sentiment apparently. The shps went at their Spanish opponents and literally tore them to pieces I took A Z Cervera aboard the Iowa from the Gloucester. which%ad rescued h^mTd received him with a full Admiral's guard The crew nf fh. T ?' over the turrets, half naked and blLk ^'th powder as ^eJeTa'^^ ''' the side bareheaded Over his undershirt he wore a thin s Jt ' f fl''''? T"' rowed from Lieutenant-Commander Wainwright o he lucet" ' The" crew cheered vociferously. Cervera is every in'ch an AdmirS even f he had not any hat. He submitted to the fortunes of war with a grace that pro claimed him a thoroughbred. ^ P'^°' "The officers of the Vizcaya said they simply could not hold their crews at the guns on account of the rapid fire poured upon them. The decks weTe flooded with water from the fire hose, and the blood fron, the ,..„nded Jad ADMIRAL SCHLEY'S VIVID STORY. 29 this a dark red. Fragments of bodies floated in this along the gun deck Every instant the crack of exploding shells told of new havoc. One of the 12-inch shells from the Iowa exploded a torpedo in the Vizcaya's bow, blow- ing twenty-one men against ihe deck above and dropping them dead and mangled into the fire which at once started below. " The torpedo boat Ericsson was sent by the flagship to the help of the Iowa in the rescue of the Vizcaya's crew. Her men saw a terrible sight. The flames leaping out from the huge shot holes in the Vizcaya's sides licked up the decks, sizzling the flesh of the wounded who were lying there shriek- ing for help. Between the frequent explosions there came awful cries and groans from the men pinned in below. This carnage was chiefly due to the rapidity of the American fire. Corporal Smith, of the Iowa, fired 135 aimed shots in fifty minutes from a 4-inch gun. Two shells struck within ten feet of Smith and started a small fire, but the Corporal went on pumping shots into the enemy, only stopping to say, ' They've got it in for this gun, sir.' Eight Shots a Minute. " From two 6-pounders 400 shots were fired in fifty minutes. Up in the tops the marines banged away with i -pounders, too excited to step back to duck as the shells whistled over them. One gunner of a secondary battery under a 12-inch gun was blinded by smoke and saltpetre from the turret, and his crew were driven off, but sticking a wet handkerchief over his face, with holes cut for his eyes, he stuck to his gun. Finally, as the 6-pounders were so close to the 8-inch turret as to make it impossible to stay there with safety, the men were ordered away before the big gun was fired, but they refused to leave. When the 8- inch gun was fired the concussion blew two men of the smaller gun's crew ten feet from their guns and threw them to the deck as deaf as posts. Back they went again, however, and were again blown away, and finally had to be dragged away from their stations. Such bravery and such dogged determination under the heavy fire were of frequent occurrence on all the ships engaged. " During his stay on the Iowa Admiral Cervcra endeared himself to all. After Blanco's order was issued he wanted to come out on the night of July 2d, but General Linares said, ' Wait till to-morrow morning. You will catch them at divine service then.' The Spaniards say that no torpedo boats ever came out to attack Admiral Sampson's fleet. tH I; CHAPTER II. Admiral Dewey's Story of the Famous Naval Victory at Manila. HE whole country was startled by the unexpected news of the great American naval victory at Manila. It was not known that naval operations were going on in the far East, yet, while the popular A^ • . ^^"^"*'°" ^^^^ '■°<="-^ed on events in Cuba as being nearer home. Admiral Dewey had been grimly carrying out the or Jeis given him On May ist the world was astounded by a brief cablegram— unofficial— that Admiral Montojo's fleet, at Manila, had been utterly destroyed The cable to the Philippine Archipelago was a Spanish one, and the o.uinous slience at Madrid served to corroborate the early rumors. It was not until Dewey's messenger reached Hong Kong two days later, however, that the news of his victory was officially confirmed. " Not one Spanish flag flies in Manila bay to-day; not one Spanish warship floats except as our prize," was Admiral Dewey's soul-stirring message that enthused the nation and startled the European powers. An echo almost of Perry's famous bulletin, " We have met the enemy and they are ours," and in truth Dewey's achievement proved to have no other parallel in history than Perry's famous victory on Lake Erie in 1813 unless It be Farragut's attack on the forts in Mobile Bay in 1864. for which the cre- ation of the office of vice-admiral was not deemed too high a reward and in which the gallant hero of Manila had taken part. Through the British Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain, who desired him to leave Hong Kong Harbor without delay, did Commodore Dewey first hear, on Sunday, April 24th, that a state of war existed between this country and Spam. ^ His squadron, consisting of the Olympia, Baltimore, Raleigh Petrel Concord, Boston, with the revenue cutter McCulloch and the supply ships' Nanshan and Zafiro, was ordered to rendezvous at Mirs Bay, thirty miles dis- tant, and being compelled to wait there for the arrival of the United States Consul at Manila, did not leave anchorage until the 27th; but when it d^d so, It was with the commander's openly expressed determination to fight the enemy the very first day he could get at -them. The Island of Luzon 30 passed on April 30th, and the arrival of the STORY OF MANILA. .,, iards at that place. """°"""^ *" '''^^^''y ^--'"en despatches to the Span- or pSnc' Tu."f"' "^ ''^' ^^P'"*"'"^'' ^^"^ ^'^'-•- •"'•calculated our .peed sent' ort "I '"^^ "^ '°"''"^' ''''' "'"'" ^'^^ ^^"-^^ -^ lioston were r ^is-ri;— - tf:^- ^- - - p-- to ... ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY midnight '"'" "' "'= ™"'^"== °f Manila Bay at was ^chST, 't""'^'.'!-:, "~* of the bay, «any „i,e. f„„ .he city. one. or;Cdt„;i^:dihrcr„'r' ™ -* *" '° ^-^-^ •-= '°"°--"^ 32 STORY OF MANILA. Rockets fired from the summit of the Corregidor and answered from the mainland prompted the fear tliat we had been discovered ; it was a false alarm ; but presently, when the six fighting ships had passed the island fort, and now showed their sternlights not to their followers only, but to the enemy, blind- ing flashes from the outermost mainland battery, immediately followed by a shot, and another and a third, made it plain that we no longer advanced unseen. Three shots from the Concord, t' ',- Boston and the McCulloch, however, silenced the fort; T.J. through the darkness of the cloudy night we steamed slowly Ibrward, the men lulled to rest at their stations on deck by the peaceful rolling of the midnight tropical sea, the commanders bending their every thought on the encounter which was now felt to be imminent and of uncertain duration. liy five o'clock Manila lay four miles ahead of the advancing fleet to the eastward ; Cavite, with its arsenals and naval depot, was on their right, seven miles from the capital. A harmless shot greeted them from Manila, while on their starboard a roar of guns was heard, from Cavite ; there it was that the enemy lay; ther."; they should attack him forthwith. Ships Were Kept Moving. And now, the faithful pupil of Farragut, who had displayed such judg- ment in the planning of the nightly inv.ision of the bay, his selection of the channel south of Corregidor Island, and his safe pilotiiif^ of his squadron within sight of the foe, now set about i^iving the world one more illustration of the advantage possessed by battling ships kept in motion over vessels at anchor. Swinging round in Indian file, our six battleships first made straight for the fort, under whose protection the Spaniards lay; then facing the tire that poured upon the batteries, and soon after from the Spanish ships, to and fro they steadily wheeled in front of the little harbor, describing a weird figure eight in that cyclone of shell and shot, and belching forth incessant broadsides now from the port-side and then from the starboard. Out of her hiding-place came the Spanish admiral's flagship, the Rein- Christina, only to prove her inability to withstand the storm of steel directed upon her ; and as she endeavored to make a hasty retreat, a shell from the Olympia completely wrecked her. A second sortie by the Spanish admiral aboard another flagship (the Isla de Cuba) shared the same fate, and the deathly havoc went on with appalling relt ntlessness for two hours, when lo, the United States iiagship Oiyiiipia was seen moving towards the centre ol the bay, followed by her subordinates. ercd from the a false alarm ; fort, and now L-neiny, blind- followed by a gcr advanced Dch, however, it we steamed y the peaceful I their every J of uncertain ig fleet to the r right, seven nila, while on : was that the ;d such judg- lection of the his squadron re illustration ver vessels at ! straight for I the tire that ps, to and fro I weird figure ,nt broadsides lip, the Rein- steel directed hell from the anish admiral fate, and the >urs, when lo, the centre of ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY The Hero of Manila a > -I o - -J Q. u) CO 1^ ■^5 < S o z si S u) < I uj I- o UJ if CO I- CO < < hi I- tc H a^ 5^ 22 1- z < < a. CO UJ GREAT NAVAL BATTLE OF MANILA WILLIAM Mckinley PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES n t hu JOHN D. LONG Secretary of the Navy m i M i MAJOR-GENEKAL NELSON A. MILES Field Commander of twe Armies of the United States :^ 1 I. 1 u 1 LOADING ARTILLERY ON C HIPS AT TAMPA UJ UJ (0 z o to a. < CO < ' a: i Q < > m H Z UJ o < m z o 00 Uj X UJ (T O u. UJ 00 < CO 3 u CO < N z < I- z < z ii THE LAST MAN ON BOARD-TROOPS LEAVING CALIFORNIA FOR MANILA RNIA w STORY OK MANILA. 38 What could the Spaniards conclude but that, calamitoUs as the encounter had proved to them, it must have been equally disastrous to the Americans? The up-to-date Krupp guns on yonder shore batteries had evidently chastised the mvader's temerity; for were not these finer and larger than any gun in their fleet ? And see, the " Yankee pigs " were, one and all. retiring fron> the fray. Not one of the gallant ships, however, had been seriously injured- among our brave fellows not one precious life had been lost; their com- ' mander had simply come to f e conclusion that they ha., earned a little rest and he was taking them out of the clouds of smoke and the stifling heat of the battle for the commonplace, unheroic purpose of giving them their breakfast. o & » The foe had apparently forgotten, if ever they had read of it. how on the 1st of June, 1794, the British admiral. Earl Howe, ho.e to for an hour, so as to enable his men to fortify themselves with a sustantial meal, before attack- mg the French off Ushant and routing them, as they subsequently did. Our gallant and indomitable Dewey was now but perpetuating the traditions of Anglo-Saxon humaneness and Anglo-Saxon practical forethought in Manila — that was all. ' Back to the charge our men returned with renewed energy at 1045 after a three hours' recess; back to the duel of desperation on one side and the composure of self-confidence on the other, which was soon to shatter the last remnants of Admiral Montojo's hopes. One after another his ships were sunk, burned, or captured ; one by one h.s batter.es were silenced, and in the noon-day sun of that May day the last of the Spanish flags struck on Cavite fort. In one day Spain had lost ten warships, not to speak of her torpedo boats and transports, and some 1200 of her defenders were killed or wounded. Not one death on our side had marred our victory; eight of the Baltimore crew had paid for their bravery with more or less trifling wounds, and the injury done to our nine battleships was not thought to exceed ^5,000. An Insolent Spanish Governor. Exactly seven days before this epoch-making engagement, Governor- General Bas.ho Augustm y Davila had issued a proclamation to the Philip, pmos, m which the following passage held a prominent place : " The North American people, constituted of all the social excrescences have exhausted our patience and provoked war with their perfidious machina- — !„, ..!!.. ri... acr, v.t »vavuciy and with their outrages against the laws of nations and international treaties. "A squadron, manned by foreigners, possessing neither instruction nor u STORY OF MANILA. discipline, is preparing to come to this archipelago with the ruffianly intention of robbing us of" all that means life, honor and liberty. " The struggle will be short and decisive. The God of victories will give us one as complete as the righteousness and justice of our cause demands." Verily, one portion of General Augustin's prophecy had proved remark- ably accurate. The struggle had been indeed " short and decisive ; " one single battle had sufficed to wrench from Spain the unholy dominion she had held continuously over those islands (save for the British occupation of Manila for a few months last century) ever since the name of Philip II. was bestowed upon them three hundred years ago. " You may fire when ready, Gridley," will pass into history as the quiet order from Commodore Dewey to the captain of the flagship, which heralded one of the greatest naval battles the world has ever seen. Admiral Dewey's orders v/cre to capture or destroy the Spanish fleet, and never were instructions executed in so complete a fashion. At the end of seven hours there was absolutely nothing left of the Spanish fleet but a few relics. The American commander had most skillfully arranged evury detail of the action, and even the apparently most insignificent features were cirried out with perfect punctuality and in railroad time-table order. At the end of the action Admiral Dewey anchored his fleet in the bay, before Manila, and sent a message to the Governor- General, General Augusti, announcing the inauguration of the blockade, and adding that if a «hot was fired against his ships he would destroy every battery about Manila, Spanish Advantage Unavailing. The position occupied by the Spaniards, the support which their liips received from the land batteries, and the big guns they had ashore, gav< them an enormous advantage. Therefore, when it is considered that the Spaniards lost over six hundred men in killed and wounded, that all their ships were destroyed and that their ival arsenal at Cavite was also destroyed, with its defences, it is apparent that the victory of the Americans is one of the most complete and wonderful achievements ever yet recorded in the history of .naval warfare. i Not a man on board the American fleet was killed, not a ship was damaged to any extent, and only six men were injured slightly on board the Biltimore. This grand achievement is qujte as much due to the generalship of Admiral Dewey as to the fact that the American gunners, ships ind guns are superior to anything in the same line afloat anywhere. Credit wnrA also be STORY OF MANILA. 35 given to the fullest extent to the officers under Admiral Dewey, for fo a man they seconded their gallant con^mander in every way possible and thus helped him earn the laurels which are so justly his. WhenthesquadronleftHongKongittouchedatapointinthePhilippine Islands near Bolmao, as Admiral Dewey wished the insurgent agents to dis- embark there, ascertain the strength and disposition of the insurgent forces arrange to prevent needless bloodshed and inform the insurgents of his inten: t.on to change the government of the Philippine Islands, the Admiral strongly objectmg to givmg the rebels a chance to commit excesses Hunting the Spanish Fleet. The insurgent leaders, however, refused to disembark vmder any consid- eration, and the American ships coasted in search of the Spanish ships but failed to find thern^ AdrMral Dewey arrived at Subig Bay. about thirty mUe north of Manila Bay, on Saturday. April 30th, and sent the Baltimore and Concord to reconnoitre the enemy. They found no Spanish ships at the en ranee of the bay. and so the Admiral decided to risk the mines and pro- :«^^^^^^ ''-' '' ''''"'' ^^^^ '-'^ ''^ '^y °f ^-''^^ which'he The order of battle taken up by the Spaniards was with all the small craft inside the stone and timber breakwaters of Cavite harbor. The larger shios of Spam cruised off Cavite and Manila. The American fleet entefed Manila Sr»^-\ r ? T^ . T^ '^' ^''^'''' °^ '^''- The Spaniards had not stablished a patrol and there were no searchlights at the entrance of the bay In fact, the American ships would probably have passed inside the bay with- TJZun r%i " "°'?"" ''^' ^°"^ ^P^^'^^ «^- "P ^-- the Mccul- loch s funnel. Thereupon a k^- shots were e.xchanged with the batteries on Corregidor Island, but the fleet did not slow down and soon took up a pos " tion near Cavite, awaiting dawn in order to commence hostilities .n. I c""'^" It °['^" '"^'■"'"^ ''""'^^^^ ^^' ^PP°«''"g ships to each other nd he Spanish flagship opened fire. Her action was followed by some o the larger Spanish warships, and then the Cavite forts opened up and the smaller Spanish ves.sels brought their guns into piay. fh. 1^^ ^^u"T f*l"f '■°" ^h'"^*^ ^^d been led into the bay and through Snantn "" " ''^'-^'P "^'^"P" ''" "°' •■^P^>'' ^^-S^ the shells of the onward wf" ^^ l""" T'' ''■°""' *'^^'"' ^"* "^^^^ majestically onward^ When neanng Baker Bay a sudden upheaval of water a short Hi, ^TtorneH?' TV '^'>^'"P'V'^T^ ''''' *^^ Spaniards had exploded a mine or a torpedo. This was followed by a second and similar explosion. They were both utterly unsuccessful. The American fleet was then drawing neare^ 86 STORY OF MANILA. 1 1 and nearer to the Spaniards, whose gunnery was very poor, the shots from the Cavite batteries and from the Spaninh ships being equally badly aimed, either falling short or going wide of the mark. It was a tremendous waste of ammunition just when most wanted. The Ore ir of Battle. When the American fleet entered the bay, coming through the southern channel between Caballo and Frile Islets, the following was their order: the flagship Olympia, the Baltimore, the Raleigh, Concord, Boston, Petrel and McCulloch, with the tv/o store ships, the Nanshan and Zafiro, bringing up the rear. And in that order they swept grandly before the city and faced the enemy in column line. Though the Spaniards had opened fire at 6ooo yards, the Americans reserved their fire until within 4000 yards of the enemy, when the real battle began. The Reina Christina, Castilla, Don Antonio de Ulloa, Isla de Cuba, Isla de Luzon and the Mindanao were in line of battle outside of Cavite at tha* time, with four gunboats and the torpedo boats inside the harbor. The American ships then passed backward and forward six times across the front of the Spaniards, pouring in upon :he latter a perfect hail of shot and shell. Every American shot seemed to tell, while almost every Spanish shot missed the mark. After having thus scattered death and demoralization among the Spanish fleet and in the Spanish batteries, the American fleet retired for breakfast and, incidentally, a council of war was held on board the Olympia. By this time the Spanish ships were in a desperate condition. The flagship Reina Christina was riddled with shot and shell, one of her steam pipes had burst and she was believed to be on fire. The Castilla was certainly on fire, and» soon afterward, their condition became worse and worse, until they were eventually burned to the water's edge. The Don Antonio de Ulloa made a most magnificent show of desperate bravery. When her commander found she was so torn by the American shells that he could not keep her afloat, he nailed her colors to the mast and she sank with all hands fighting to the last. Her hull was completely riddled and her upper deck had been swept clean by the awful fire of the American guns, but the Spaniards;, though their vessel wa^; sinking beneath them, con- tinued valorously working the guns on her lower deck unti! she sank beneath the waters. During the engagement a Spanish torpedo boat crept along the shore and round the offing in an attempt ^to attack the American store ships, but she was promptly discovered, was driven ashore and was actually shot to pieces. The Mindanao had in the meanwhile been run ashore to save her ■Slv!. STOR\ OF MANILA. 87 from smking and the Spanish sm,ll craft had sought shelter from the steel storm behmd the breakwater. The battle, which was started at about 5.30 A. m., and adjourned at 8 30 A. M., was resumed about noon, when Admiral Dewey started in to put the fimshmg touches to his glorious work. There was not much fight left in the Spaniards by that time, and at 2 p. m. the Petrel and Concord had shot the Cavite batteries into silence, leaving them heaps of ruins and floating the white flag. ^ The Spanish gunboats were then scuttled, the arsenal was on fire and the explosion of a Spanish magazine caused further mortality among the defenders of Spain on the shore. On the water the burning, sunken or destroyed Spanish vessJs could be seen, while only the cruiser Baltimore had suffered in any way fiom the fire of the en - :y. A shot which struck her exploded some ammunition near one of her guns and slightly injured half a dozen of the crew. Spaniards Shot at Dewey. Several shots passed dangerously close to Admiral Dewey, but little or no damage was done on board the flagship. On the other hand, about 150 men are said to have been killed on board the Spanish flagship, which was totally destroyed. Admiral Montojo, the Spanish commander, transferred hi« flag to the Isla de Cuba when his ship caught fire, but the latter was destroyed also mdue course of time. The Reina Christina lost her captain, a lieu- tenant, her chaplain and a midshipman by one destructive shot which struck her bridge. About 100 men were killed and sixty wounded on board the CastiUa. Indeed, some estimates place the number of Spanish wounded during the engagement at over a thousand men. The Olympia was struck five times about her upper works, and a whaleboat of the Raleigh was smashed. Although the Krupp guns on the esplanade of Manila were fired continuously during the engagement. Admiral Dewey did not reply to them, and the bat- tery afterward hoisted a white flag in token of surrender. Says an eye-witness: "Throughout the great battle of Sunday, the fleet acted splendidly. No ship failed to cover itself with ^lory. The greatest execution was done by the Olympia and Baltimore, c vii^g to the greatest weight of the guns. " The little Petrel, ' no bigger than a minute.' had a most spectacular part. She went in like a battleship, and. lying close to the shore, completely whipped a good-sized fort unaided. Every officer ou^ht to b.ave prr^motion for gallantry, and Woods, commander of the Petrel, should receive the thanks of Congress. 38 STORY OF MANILA. "The Spaniards' informatiori regarding our fleet was gntvojuty faulty. They believed the Boston was a battleship, and concentrated their fire on her. She lies so low in the wat»,r that theyccjld no': hit !!* r cfTeciivdy, They believed the Olympia was the Oregon, which had come directly across to join the fleet, and the first report from Maniia after our fleet was sighted was that the Philadelphia comprised part of the fleet. Notwithstanding their lack of knowledge, they fought like the brave men they were, only they could not shoot straight. " Admiral Dewey fouj^fht the fleet from the cop of ihe pilot hoitse. During the action ninety signals were given and all v ere jinswer; d by the other ships. Jh: lorward rigging was cut four feet above Dewey's nead by a six-pound shot, Th ; signal ha!; ards were shot away while Lieutenant Brumby was signalliAvg. "On the Bostoj. w/en men were on the bridge wit's Captain Frank Wildes. A she) I ctcseJ the bridge two feet above their ijeads and burst beyond the rigging, driving the base plug back on board. Wildes stood at his post, his glasses in one hand and a palmleaf fan in the othf, and smoked. Between the shots Paymaster Martin made and served out coffee. Ensign Doddridge': room was on fire by the bursting of a shell. " The Olympia shows nine shots, none of which pierced her hull. The little Petrel is now the pride of the fleet. Her light draught enabled her to get close to the forts, where Woods fearlessly ran in. She has been christened ' The Baby.' The cruiser Baltimore led the fleet to the forts. In the second engagement she was ordered to go at top speed and silence the batteries. She went directly over the mines. Two exploded on each side, the nearest within 100 yards. No damage was done. While Wildes was absent at con- ference Woods heard of his close call, and on his return the whole ship cheered Captain Frank to the echo." Admiral Dewey's Own Account. Among the first mail advices from Manila the War Department at Washington received the following letter from Admiral Dewey : "Flagship Olympia, Cavite, May 4, 1898. "The squadron left Mirs Bay on April 27. Arrived off E 'f-ao on the morning of April 30, and, finding no vessels there, proceeded r the coast and arrived off" the entrance ^•- Manila Bay on the same -Oiern. . The Bos- ton and Concord were .sent xonnoitre Port Subig. J^ ' gh search of the port was made by the h^s.on and the Concord, but i' : bpanish fleet was not found. >artinent at STORY OF MANILA. 39 " Entered the south channel at half past eleven p. m,, steaming in column at eight knots. After half the squadron had passed a battery on the south side of the channel opened fire, none of the shots taking effect. The Boston and McCuUoch returned the fire. The squadron proceeded across the bay at slow speed and arrived off Manila at daybreak, and was fired upon at a quarter past five a. m. by three batteries at Manila and two near Cavite, and by the Spanish fleet anchored in an approximately east and west line across the mouth of Baker Bay, with their left in shoal water in Canacao Bay Beginning the Attack. "The squadron then proceeded to the attack, the flagship Olympia under my personal direction, leading, followed at a distance by the Baltimore, Raleigh, Petrel, Concord and Boston, in the order named, which formation was maintained throughout the action. The squadron opened fire at nineteen minutes of six a. m. While advancing to the attack two mines were exploded ahead of the flagship too far to be effective. " The squadron maintained a continuous and precise fire, at ranges vary- ing from 5,000 to 2,000 yards, counter-marching in a line approximately parallel to that of the Spanish fleet. The enemy's fire was vigorous, but gen- erally ineffective. Quite early in the engagement the two launches put out towards the Olympia with the- apparent intention of using torpedoes. One was sunk and the other disabled by our fire and beached before an opportunity occurred to fire torpodoes. " At seven a. m. the Spanish flagship Reina Christina m.ade a desperate attempt to leave the line and come out to engage at short range, but was received with such galling fire, the entire battery of the Olympia being con- centrated upon her, that she was barely able to return to the shelter of the point. Fires started in her by our shells at this time were not extinguished until she sank. "The three batteries at Manila had kept up a continuous fire from the beginnmg of the engagement, which fire was not returned by this squadron. The fir^t of these batteries was situated on the south mole head, at the entrance to the Pasig River ; the second on the south bastion of the walled city of Manila, and the third at Malate, about one-half mile further south. At this point I sent a message to the Governor General to the tffect that if the batteries did not cease firing the city would be shelled. This had the effect of silencin£r them. " At twenty-five minutes to eight A. m. I ceased firing and withdrew the squadron for breakfast. At sixteen minutes past eleven a. m. returned to the 40 STORY OF MANILA. attack. By this time the Spanish flagship and almost the entire Spanish fleet were in flames. At half-past twelve p. m. the squadron ceased firing, the' bat- teries being silenced and the ships sunk, burnt and deserted. At twenty min- utes to one p. M. the squadron returned and anchored off Manila, the Petrel being left behind to complete the destruction of the smaller gunboats, which were behind the point of Cavite. This duty was performed by Commandei E. P. Wood in the most expeditious and complete manner possible. " The Spanish lost the following vessels : Sunk — Reina Christina, Castilla, Don Antonio de Ulloa. Burnt — Don Juan de Austria, Isla de Luzon, Isla de Cuba, General Lezo, Marquis del Duero, El Correo, Velasco and Isla de Mindanao (transport). Captured- Rapido and Hercules (tugs), and several small launches. " I am unable to obtain complete accounts of the enemy's killed and wounded, but believe their losses to be very heavy. The Reina Christina alone had 150 killed, including the captain, and ninety wounded. I am happy to report that the damage done to the squadron under my command was inconsiderable. Another Account of the Battle. The story of the battle of Manila Bay was retold ofiicially by United States Consul O. F. Williams, in a report to the Department of St . tt, dated on board the United States steamship Baltimore, in Manila Bay, May 4, Because this story is told by a civilian as he saw the events of May day from the bridge of the Olympia and from the quarter deck of the Baltimore, It has a special and captivating interest of its own which makes it additionally force- ful. He begins by telling how the American ships slipped into the harbor and lined up for battle off Cavite. He adds: "At about 5.30 A. m. Sunday, May i.the Spanish guns opened fire. With magnificent coolness and order, but with the greatest promptness, our fleet, in battle array, headed by the flagship, answered the Spanish attack, and for about two and a half hours a most terrific fire ensued. "The method of our operations could not have shown greater system, our guns greater effectiveness, or our officers and crews greater bravery, and wWIe Spanish resistance was stubborn and the bravery of Spanish forces such as to challenge a demonstration, yet they'were out-classed, weighed in the balance of war against the methods, training, aim and bravery shown on our decks, and after less than three hours' perilous and intense combat one of Spain's STORY OF MANILA. 41 war ships was sinking, two others were burning and all others with land defences had severely suffered when our squadron, with no harm done its ships, retired for breakfast. At about lo o'clock a. m. Admiral Dewey renewed the battle, and with effect lujst fatal with ach evolution. " No better evi- dence of Spanish bravery need be sought than that, after the castiga- tion of our first engagement, her ships and forts should again an- swer our fire. But the Spanish efforts were futile, ship after ship and bat- tery after battery went to destruc- tion before the on- slaught of Ameri- can energy and training, and an hour and a half of our second engage- ment wrought the annihilation of the Spanish fleet and forts, with several hundred Spaniards killedand wounded and millions in value of their Government's property destroyed. While amazing, almosf: unbelievable i s it seems, not a ship or gun of out fleet had been disabled, and, except on the Baltimore, not a man had been hurt. "One of the Baltimore's crew had a leg fractured by slipping, and another hurt in the ankle in a similar manner, while four received slight MAP OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ^•A' „ -i* 4S S'»"'VRk fy- MANILA. flesh wounds from splii'teri thrown from a 6-inch projectile, which pierced the stirboard side of tlv cruiser. But in the battle of Manila Bay the United States squadron of six war ships totally destroyed the Spanish fleet of eight war ships, many forts and batteries, and accomplished this work without the loss of a man. " History has only contrasts. There is no couplet to form a comparison. The only finish fight between the modern war ships of civilized nations has proven the prowess of American naval men and methods, and the glory is allegory for f: whole people. Our crews are all hoarse from cheering, and while we sufft r for cough drops and throat doctors we have no use for lini- ment or s'lrpeons. Praise for Officers and Men. " To every ship, oflficer and crew all praise be given. As Victoria was answered years ago, ' Your Majesty, there is no second,' so may I report to your Department as to our war ships conquer-'ng the Spanish fleet in the bat- tic of Manila Bay, there is no first, 'there is no second.' The cool bra; «ry and efficiency of the commodore was echoed by every captain and com- mander and down through the lines by every officer and man, and naval history oi ihe dawning century will be rich if it furnishes to the world so glorious a display of intelligent command and successful service as must be placed to the credit of the United States Asiatic Squadron under date of May I, 1898. " It was my lot to stand on the Dridg<; of the Baltimore, by the side of Captain Dyer, during the first engij^ement, ar 1 to be called to the flag ship Olympia by the commodon >■ whv. ; side o.> the bridge I stood during the second engagement." Special interest attaches to the account of the great naval battle at Man- ila by the Spanish cui/imanf!.». In his ofiirial report -Vdmiral Montojo speaking of the recent naval engagement in M nila Bay, refers to it in the following language : " The Americans fired most rapidly, projectiles, as the three cruisers at the 1' almost entirely to fight the CI , istina, mj action commenced one shell exploded in all of ;];ose who served the four rapid fire cannon, making spli: rs of the forward mast, which wounded the helmsman on the bridge, when Lieui^nant Jose Nunez took the wheel with a coolness worthy of the greatest commen- dation, steering until the end of the fight. " In the meanwhile another shell exploded in the orlap, setting fire to the crew's bags, which they were, fortunately, able to control. The enemy short- Theii came upon us numb' rless of le line devoted themselves g- ■ A short til e after th.; e foretastle and put out of action STORY UF MANILA. 43 ened the distance between us. and. rectifying his aim, covered us with a rain of rapid fire projectiles. "At half-past .seven one shell destroyed completely the steering gear I ordered to steer by hand while the rudder was out of action. In the ntean- while another shell exploded on the poop and put out of action nine men ADMIRAL MONTOJO, COMMANDER OF THE SPANISH FLEET Another destroyed the mizzenmast head, bringing down the flag' and my ensign, which were replaced immediately. ^ blooJ^ ^r^ shell exploded in the officer's cabin, covering the hospital with n lodfn I^"""^ ''' ^°""''^ ^'^^ ^''' ^^' ■ ^---t-d there. Another ex- prevIntinVthr'"T"^^^^^^ Tu astern, filling the quarters with smoke and conZl t? T 7u ."^ 1 '^' hand-stc -ring gear. As it was impossible to control the fire, I had to riood the magazine when the cartridge., were K-„.„ mng lo explode. °" ^-=—5- 1 44 STORY OF MANILA. " Amidships several shells of smaller calibre went through the smokestack, and one of the large ones penct ited the fire room, putting out of action oit«j master gunner and twelve men serving the guns. Another rendered useless the starboard bow gun. Wiiile the fire astern increased, fire was started forward by another shell, which went through the hull and exploded on the deck. '• The broadsi le guns, being undamaged, continued firing until there were only one gunner and one seaman remaining unhurt for firing them, as the guns' crews had been frequently called on to substitute those charged with steering, all of whom were out of action. " The ship being out of control, the hull, smokcpipe and masts riddled with shot, half of her crew out of action, among whom were seven officers, 1 gave the order to sink and abandon the ship before the magazines should explode, making signal at the same time to the Cuba and Luzon to assist in saving the rest of the crew, which they did, aided by others from the Duro and the arsenal. Ships Battered and Sunk. *' I abandoned the Christina, directing beforehand to secure her flag, and, accompanied by my staff, and with great sorrow, I hoisted my flag on the cruiser Isia de Cuba. After having saved many men from the unfortunate vessel, one shell destroyed her heroic commander, Don Luis Cadaraso, who was directing the rescue. The Ulloa, which also defended herself firmly, usin^' the only two guns which were available,was sunk by a shell, which entered at the water line, putting out of action her commander and half of her remaining crew, those who were only remaining for the service of the two guns stated. " The Castilla, which fought heroically, with her artillery useless, except one stern gun, with which they fought spiritedly, was riddled with shot and set on fire by the enemy's shells, then sunk, and was a;bandoned by her crew, in good order, which was directed by her commander, Don Alonzo Algaro. The casualties on this ship were twenty-three killed and eighty wounded. " The Austria, was very much damaged and on fire, and went to the aid of the Castilla. The Luzon had three guns dismounted and was slightly damaged in the hull. The Duro remained, with one of her engines useless, the bow gun and one of the redoubts. "At eight o'clock in the morning, the enemy's squadron having suspended its fire, I ordered the ships that remained to us to take situations in the- bottom of the roads, at Bacoor, and there to resist to the last moment, and that they should be sunk before they surrendered. " At half past ten the enemy returned, forming a ircle to destroy the arsenal, and the ships which remained to me, opening upon them a horrible 46 ! 46 STORY OF MANILA. fire, which we answered as far as we could with the few cannon which we still had mounted. " There remained the last recourse — to smk our vessels — and we accom- plished this operation, taking care to save the flag, the distinguishing pennant, the money in the safe, the portable arms, the breech plugs of the guns, and the signal codes, after which I went, with my staff, to the convent of Santo Domingo de Cavite to be cured of a wound received in the left leg, and to telegraph a brief report of the action, with preliminaries and results. " The inefficiency of the vessels which composed my little squadron, the lack of all classes of the personel, especially master gunners and seaman gun- ners, the inaptitude of some of the provisional machinists, the scarcity of rapid-fire cannon, the strong crews of the enemy, and the unprotected char- acter of the greater part of our vessels, all contributed to make more decided the sacrifice which we made for our country." Story of a Jolly Sailor. In Admiral Dewey's fleet there was a sailor man named William Savage, familiarly known to his fellows, no doubt, as Bill. The said Bill, who was a membe?* of the Raleigh's crew, was so delighted with the victory of the fleet over the Dons that he proceeded to get gloriously full. He was found by his superior officers in a condition where about the only thing that could be got out of him was " Hurrah and hurroo," and a summary court-martial was summoncil to try him. The court-martial found that Bill's conduct was in serious violation of the discipline of the fleet, and sentence was passed that Bill should be con- fined for fifteen days in chains, with an allowance of but one ration a day. Before the sentence was put into execution the findings of the court were submitted to Commodore Dewey. This is what Commodore Dewey wrote on them., as shown by the record which arrived in Washington later. " The proceedings of the court are approved ; the sentence is disapproved, and the accused, William Savage, is ordered to return to his post in consider- ation of the glorious victory won by the fleet under my command. ' " Commodore Dewey, " Commanding the American Asiatic Fleet!' There are no particulars given iji the proceedings as to where Sailor Savage got the whiskey with which he had his glorious celebration. Probably he brought some of his guns to bear upon one of the bars of Cavite. Be that as it may, the opinion of the officials at the Navy Department was one of approval of Admiral Dewey's course in overlooking Sailor Savage's breach of STORY OF MANILA. 47 discipline, under the circumstances. The incident has convinced the officials at the Navy Department that, while Admiral Dewey has been most modest m all his reports bearing upon the achievement of his fleet, he is concealinc a vast amount of jubilation. The following graphic account of the battle, under date of May ist is by an eye-witness who was oa board Admiral Dewey's flagship, and furnishes details of the engagement supplementary to those given in the foregoine pages : ^ ^ •' Not one Spanish flag flies in Manila Bay to-day. Not one Spanish warship floats except as oar prize. More than two hundred Spanish dead and five hundred to seven hundred wounded attest the accuracy of the j'i.nierican fire. "Commodore Dewey gallantly attacked the Spanish position at Cavite this morning. He swept five times along the line, and scored one of the most brilliant successes in modern warfare. That our loss is trifling adds to the plea.sure of victory without detracting from its value. The number of hits our vessels received proved how brave and stubborn was the defence made by the Spanish forces. Miraculous as it may appear, none of our men were killed, and only eight wounded. Those who were wounded sufTered only slight injuries- ^ " Commodore Dewey arrived off Manila B.^y last night, and decided to enter the bay at once. With all its lights out, the squadron steamed into Bocagrande, with crews at Jie guns. This was the order of the squadron which was kept during the whole time of the first battle : the flagship Olympia, the Baltimore, the Raleigh, the Petrel, the Concord, the Boston. Rapid Exchange of Shot and Shell. " It was just eight o'clock, a bright moonlight night, but the flagship passed Corregidor Island without a sign being given that the .Spaniards were aware of its approach. Not until the flagship was a mile beyond Corregidor was a gun fired. Then one heavy shot went screaming over the Raleigh and the Olympia, followed by a second, which fell further astern. The Raleigh jtlie Concord and the Boston replied, the Concord's shells exploding apparently exactly inside the shore battery, which fired no more. Our squadron slowed down to barely steerage way, and the men were allowed to sleep alongside their guns. " Commodore Dewey had timed our arrival so that we were within five miles of the city of Manila at daybreak. We thpn si^htH the Spanish squadron, Rcar-Admiral Montojo commanding, oft Cavite. Here the Span- iards had a well-equipped navy yard, called Cavite Arsenal. Admiral Montojo's I I 48 STORY OF MANILA. flag was flying on the 3,500 ton protected cruiser Reina Christina. The pro-- tected cruiser Castilla, of 3,200 tons, was moored ahead and astern to the port battery, and to seaward were the cruisers Don Juan de Austria, Don Antonio de UUoa, Isla de Cuba, Isla de Luzon, Quiros, Marquis del Onero, anrl General Lezox. These ships and the flagship remained under way during most of the action. " With the United States flag flying at all their mastheads, our ships moved to the attack in line ahead, with a speed of eight knots, first passing in front of Manila, where the action was begun by three batteries mounting guns powerful enough to .send a shell over us at a distance of five miles. The Concord's guns boomed out a reply to these batteries with two shots. No more were fired, because Admiral Dewey could not engage with these bat- teries without sending death and destruction into the crowded city. As we neared Cavite two very powerful submarine mines were exploded ahead of the flagship. This was at six minutes past five o'clock. The Spaniards had misjudged our position. Immense volumes of water were thrown high in air by these destroyers, but no harm was done to our ships. Dashing Ahead in Spite of Torpedoes. "Admiral Dewey had fought with Farragut at New Orleans and Mobile Bay, where he had his first experience with torpedoes. Not knowing how many more mines there might be ahead, he still kept on without faltering. No other mines exploded, however, and it is believed that the Spaniards had only these two in place. " Only a few minutes later thv* shore battery at Cavite: Point sent over the flagship a shot that nearly hit the battery at Manila, but soon the guns got a better range, and the shells began to strike near us or burst close aboard from both the batteries and the Spanish vessels. The heat was intense. Men stripped off all clothing except their trousers. • " As the Olympia drew nearer, all was silent on board as if the ship had been empty, except for the whirr of blowers and the throb of the enginvis. Suddenly a shell burst directly over us. From the boatswain's mate at the after 5-inch gun came a hoarse cry. ' Remember the Maine ! ' arose from the throats of five hundred men at the guns. The watchword reverberated through turrets and firerooms, and was caught up wherever seaman or fire- man stood at his post. " ' Remember the Maine ! " had rung out for defiance and revenge. Its utterance seemed unpremeditated, but was evidently in every man's mind, and, now that the moment had come to make adequate reply to the murder of the Maine's crew, every man .shouted what was in his heart. STORY OF MANILA. 48 "TheOlympiawas now ready to begin the fight. Admiral Dewey his chief of staff, Commander Lamberton. and aide and myself, with Executive Officer Lieutenant Rees and Navigator Lieutenant Calkins, who conned ship u ust admirably, were on the forward bridge. Captain Gridley was in the connmg tower, as it was thought unsafe to risk losing all the senior officers by one shell. ' You may fire when ready, Gridley.' said the Admiral, and at nineteen mmutes of six o'clock, at a distance of 5,500 yards, the starboard 8 inch gun m the forward turret roared forth a compliment to the Spanish forts. Presently similar guns from the Baltimore and the Boston sent 250- pound shells hurling toward the Castilla and the Reina Christina for accuracy The Spaniards seemed encouraged to fire faster, knowing exactly our dis- tance, while we had to guess theirs. Their ship and shore guns were making things hot for us. Showers of Fragments. "The piercing scream of shot was varied often by the bursting of time tuse shells, fragments of which would lash the water like shrapnel or cut our null and rigging. One large shell that was coming straight at the Olympia's forward bridge fortunately fell within less than one hundred feet away One fragment cut the rigging exactly over the heads of Lamberton, Rees and myself. Another struck the bridge gratings in line with it. A third passed just under Dewey and gouged a hole in the deck. Incidents like these were plentiful. '• Our men naturally chafed at being exposed without returning fire from all our guns, but laughed at danger and chatted good humoredly. A few nervous fellows could not help dodging mechanically when shells would burst right over them or close aboard, or would strike the water and passed over- head, with the peculiar spluttering roar made by a tumbling rifled projectile Still the flagship promptly steered for the very centre of the Spanish line and as our other ships were astern, the Olynipia received most of the Spaniards- attention. " Owing to our deep draught Dewey felt constrained to change his course at a distance of four thousands yards and run parallel to the Spanish column ' Open with all guns,' he said, and the ship brought her port broadside bear- ing. The roar of all the flagship's 5.inch rapid firers was followed by a deep diapason of her after turret 8-inchers. Soon our other vessels were equally bard at work, and we could see that our shells were making Cavite harbor hotter " Protected by their shore batteries and made safe from close attack by shallow water, the Spaniards were in a strong position. They put up a I 50 STORY OF MANILA. gallant fight. The Spanish ships were sailing back and forth behind the Castilla, and their fire, too, was hot. One shot struck the Baltimore and passed clean through her, fortunately hitting no one. Another ripped up her main deck, disabled a 6-inch gun and exploded a box of 3-pounder ammuni- tion, wounding eight men. "The Olympia was struck abreast the gun in the wardroom by a shell which burst outside, doing little damage. The signal halyards were cut from Lieutenant Brumby's hand on the after bridge. A shell entered the Boston's port quarter and burst in Ensign Doddridge's stateroom, starting a hot fire, and fire was also caused by a shell which burst in the port hammock netting. Both these fires were quickly put out. Another shell passed through the Boston's foremast just in front of Captain Wildes, who at the time was stand- ing on the bridge. " After having made four runs along the Spanish line, finding the chart incorrect. Lieutenant Calkins, the Olympia's navigator, told the Commodore he believed he could take the ship nearer the enemy, with lead going to watch the depth of water. The flagship started over the course for the fifth time, running within two thousand yards of the Spanish vessels. At this range even 6-pounders were effective, and the storm of shells poured upon the unfortu- nate Spanish began to show marked results. Three of the enemy's vessels were seen burning and their fire slackened. Stopping the Battle for Breakfast. " On finishing this run Admiral Dewey decided to give the men break- fast, as they had been at the guna two hours with only one cup of coffee to sustain them. Action ceased temporarily at twenty-five minutes of eight o'clock, the other ships passing the flagship and the men cheering lustily. Our ships remained beyond range of the enemy's guns until ten minutes of eleven o'clock, when the signal for close action went up. The Baltimore had the place of honor in the lead, with the flagship following and the other ships as before. " The Baltimore began firing at the Spanish ships and batteries at sixteen minutes past eleven o'clock, making a series of hits as if at target practice. The Spaniards replied very slowly, and the Admiral signalled the Raleigh, the Boston, the Concord and the Petrel to go into the inner harbor and de- stroy all the enemy's ships By her light draught the little Petrel was en- abled to move within one thousand yards. Her^, firing swiftly but accurately, she commanded everything .still flying the Spanish flag, Other ships were also doing their whole duty, and -.don not one red and yellow ensign remained aloft, except on a battery up the coast. STORY OF MANILA. fii "The Spanish flagship and the Castilla had long been burning fiercely and the last vessel to be abandoned was the Don Antonio de Uiloa which lurched over and sank. " Then the Spanish flag on the Arsenal staff was hauled down, and at half.pa.>,t twelve o'clock a white flag was hoisted there. Signal was made to the Petrel to destroy all the vessels in the inner haibor, and Lieutenant Hughes, with an armed boats crew, set fire to the Don Juan de Austria the Marquis del Duero, the Isia de Cuba and the Correo. The large transport Manila and many tugboats and small craft fell into our hands. "Xapture and destroy Spanish squadron,' were Dewey's orders. Never were instructions more effectually carried out. Within seven hours after arriving on the scene of action nothing remained to be done. The Admiral closed the day by anchoring off the city of Manila and sending word to the Governor General that if a shot was fired from the city at the fleet he would lay Manila in ashes." The foregoing account by an eye-witness conveys a clear idea of Dewey's ta-tics, courage and overwhelming triumph. It describes a naval engage- ment and victory that will live in the annals of our country. CHAPTER III. if J Admiral Dewey's Men Tell of the Great Battle of Manila. I MONG the passengers who arrived at San Francisco on the Belgic from Hong Kong were four men who participated in the fight of Manila, on May i. They were paymaster G. A. Loud, of the dis- patch boat McCulioch ; Df. Charles P. Kindleberger, surgeon of the Olympia ; Ralph Phelps, secretary to the captain of the McCulioch, and J. C. Evans, gunner of the Boston. They all spoke of the valor and determination of their opponents in the battle of Manila. They said that the Spaniards fought bravely, even after the last vestige of hope had gone, and stayed by their guns as long as they could be used. Dr. Kindleberger gave a graphic account of the terrific fight. He was on the Olympia through it all. In the first assault the flagship took the lead, the other vessels following in her wake at four ships' lengths. At one time the smoke became so dense that it was necessary to draw aside, allowing the cloud to lift. The vessels were examined, and it was found they had sus- tained no damage. Breakfast was then served to the men, and in a few minutes they re- entered the fight with the greatest enthusiasm. The second fight was even more fierce than the first. It was in that that the Baltimore was .struck. During the first fight the Spanish admiral's ship put bravely out of the line to meet the Olympia. The entire American fleet concentrated fire on her, and she was so badly injured that she turned around to put back. At this juncture the Olympia let fly an 8-inch shell, which struck her stern and pierced through almost her entire length, exploding finally in the- engine room, wrecking her machinery. This shell killed the captain and sixty men and set the vessel on fire. In the heat of the fight the two torpedo boats moved out to attack the fleet. They were allowed to come within 800 yards, when a fusilade from the Olympia sent one to the bottom with all on board and riddled the other. The second boat was later found turned upon the beach covered with blood. In the second fight the Baltimore was sent to silence the fort at Cavite. She plunged into a cloud of smoke and opened all her batteries on the fortifica- tions. In a very few minutes a shell struck the ammunition and the fort blew up with a deafening roar. 62 DEWEY'S MEN TELL OF MANILA 68 The work on the Baltimore was glorious. After the principal ships of ihe enemy had been destroyed, the Concord, Raleigh and Petrel, being of light draught, were s'int in to handle the remaining vessels of the fleet. They made quick work of them. In taking possession of the land forts several hundred wounded Spaniards fell into the hands of tlie Americans and nearly 200 dead were accounted for on the spot. Holes in which numbers had been hastily buried were found. The dead were returned to relatives so far as this could be done, and the wounded were cared for in the best manner by the American surgeons. After the first battle the Americans were greatly fagged out by heat, and the rest and breakfast allowed them by the Commodore was of inestimable benefit. When the men were at breakfast, a conference of all officers was held on board the Olympia, when the plan of the second battle was made known by the Commodore. Several shots struck the Olympia and she was pierced a number of times One shell struck the side of the ship against the hospital ward. The chaplain and nurses who were watching the fight through a port hole a few inches away were stunned by the concussion. Experts have figured out the fighting volume of the guns of the respect- ive sides of the battle was three for the Americans against seven for Spani.sh. It is clear then, that the superiority was in the ships and the men, the latter having the experience and nerve. Gunner Evans, of the Boston, directed the fire of one of the big guns. Not a man on the Boston received a scratch. Steady Thunder of Cannon. Paymaster Loud, who was on the McCuIloch, during the battle and was a witness of events on both sides, furnishes an interesting account of the battle. From his position he could see every movement of the American ships and could also see the Spaniards. " For two hours," said Mr. Loud, " the steady thunder of cannon was kept up. The roar was something terrible. At one time, I really thought we would be beaten. This was after the fire had been kept up an hour. It looked like every gun on the Spanish ships had turned loose on us all toge- ther and the shore line was a veritable blaze of fire from the batteries. The din was simply indescribable. Tons upon tons of shot fell over our ships. There was steel enough to have sunk our entire fleet. " Our salvation was in the bad marksmanship of the Spaniards. They handled their pieces like children. Nearly all of their .shots went wide. Most of them were high, flying over the fleet and falling into the bay beyond. Some of the batteries, however, were better trained. Several guns maintained 54 DEWEY'S MEN TELL OF MANILA. a raking fire on the fleet. Nearly all of our ships were struck by both large and small shot, but no damage of consequence was done. " We left Manila on the 5th. At that time Commodore Dewey was in possession of the shore forts and arsenal. Considerable ammunition and some fair guns were captured. " Manila, on the opposite side of the bay, had not been taken, and it was not the intention of the admiral to do so at that time. Of course the city and its suburbs were completely at the mercy of our guns and we could have laid it in ruins in a very short time. But the force on the warships is too small to land and take possession." A letter from Manila said the Spaniards were so sure of whipping the Americans that they had prepared a prison for them. It was the infamous Black Hole of Manila, where so many insurgents were smothered to death in 1897. The letter briefly adds : " Living aboard the vessels is simply awful on Account of the extreme heat which we are bound to endure. In addition to the heat of this place everything on board ship is at fever heat, with fires kept constantly up in four boilers and everything closed up. You can have no idea what it is." i : Spaniards Sure They Oould Defeat the Yankees. In a letter to a friend in New York an engineer of the Baltimore wrote, a week after the fight : " The Spaniards were absolutely confident of victory. No other outcome was anticipated by them : no preparations v/ere made for a different result. I think that their ships, combined with their forts, madi; them equal to us, so far as powers of offence and defence were concerned. They had as many modern guns approximately the same size as we had, and more men to fire them. They should have been able to fire as much weight of shot in a specified time as we did. " The whole thing, in other words, lay in the fact that it was the Ameri- can against the Spaniard, the Anglo-Saxon against the Latin. Every shot fired from our fleet was most deliberately, coolly and pitilessly aimed. The Spaniards fired an enormous number of times, but with apparently the most impracticable aim. Shells dropped all around our ships ; we were in action for over four hours; hundreds of shot and shell fell close to us. Only five or six pierced us and they did no damage. " The damage done by our ships was frightful. I have visited all of the sunken Spanish ships, and, had I not segn the effects of American marksman-' ship, I would hardly give credit to reports of it. One smokestack of the Castilla, a 3,300 ton Spanish ship, was struck eight times, and the shell.; DEWEY'S MEN TELL OF MANILA. 66 through the hull wcr • so many and so close that it is impossible that a Spaniard could have lived on her deck. The other large ship, the Reina Christina, was perforated in the same way. " The lesson I draw from the fight is the great utility of target practice. The Spaniard has none ; we have it every three months. Strength of navies are compared generally ship for ship; the personnel is just as important. I am confident that, had we manned the Spanish ships and had the Spaniards manned our fleet, the American side would have been as victorious as it was. The Spaniard certainly was brave, for he stuck to his guns till the last. " The hard part of this engagement was not the fighting part, that was all right, but it was in getting ready for it. I was thirty-two hours without relief or rest in the engine-rooms of the Baltimore, the temperature varying from I20 to i6o degrees. Since the fight we have eased down on work and are taking it easy, except for a strict watch." Too Late to Save the Islands. A most gloomy message was received by the Government at Madrid, on May 8th, from the Governor General of the Philippines. As the result a member of the Cabinet admitted that the despatch of Spanish troops could not save the Philippine Islands. He added : " We could send six thousand troops; but, if the natives are against us such a force would be inadequate. If they were with us, it would not be necessary to send troops to the Philip- pine Islands." A communication from Captain General Augusti was as follows : " The situation is very grave. Aguinaldo has succeeded in stirring up the country, and the telegraph lines and railways are being cut. I am without communica- tion with the provinces. The province of Cavite has completely rebelled, and the towns and villages are occupied by numerous bands. A Spanish column defends the Zapote line to prevent the enemy from invading the province of Manila, but the foe has entered through Bulacon, Lagina and Moron, so that Manila will thus be attacked by land and sea. " I am striving to raise the courage of the inhabitants, and will exhaust every means of resistance, but I distrust the natives and the volunteers because there have already been many desertions. Bacoor and Imus have already been seized by the enemy. The insurrection has reached great pro- portions, and if I cannot count upon the support of the country the forces at my disposal will not suffice to hold the ground against two enemies." An interesting letter was received at Easton, Pa., by Judge Scott' from his son, Ensign W Pitt Scott, of Admiral Dewey's flagship Olympia, describing the great victory in Manila ^ay on Sunday morning, May isL 5G DLWEYS MEN TELL OF MANILA. Ensign Scott was especially commended by Admiral Dewey in his official report ior his efficient work during the conflict. The letter is dat d on board the Olympia, at Cavite, Manila Hay, on May iith. The writer, telling of the opening of the famous fight, said : "The Spaniards had ten ships fighting to our six, and, in addition, id five or six shore batteries, some of which bothered us a good deal. V\ .. steamed by the line and fired some deadly shot at them. We had anticipated that once across their hne would be sufficient to silence them, but they did not yield, and so when wc got to the end f the line wo turned and went back at them again. It was getting real interesting nou, for many of their shots were coming close aboard, and the screech of the shots as they whistled over our heads was anything but pleasant. " Now and then we would see a shot strike in the water ahead of us and explode and the pieces of it come at us. I will never fon^et it. I was sur- prised to find how little it disturbed us. I never believed that ! would eve feel so entirely unconcerned while the shots were falling all around. No one seemed to care an iota wh-f;, r the shells dropped on us or fell a long distance away, and in the interval ■, b-; /een which we were making signals, the most commonplace remarks were nj. de. " We passed acroc?s the ^^nemy's line the second time, but that did not seem to silence them any .s;ore than the first, and we had to try it a third time, with ro better result, although perhaps their fire was not so hea/y as at first. A small torpedo boat came out and attempted to get within striking distance of the Olympia, but our secondary battery drove her in : a second time she came out and at us, but again our fire was too much for her, and some of our shots striking her she had barely time to get back to the beach, or she would have sunk. Flagship Bore the Brunt. "^t soon became apparent that the Spaniards were concentrating their fire on the Olympia (as flagship), and we then received the brunt of the fight. At one time the Reina Christina, the Spanish flagship, attempted to come out from her position and engage us at closer distance, but we turned our fire on her and drove her back. A fourth time wc steamed across their line, and a fifth, and it began to look as if they were not going to give in until afler all our ammunition would be exhausted, which would leave us in a very .serious ^predicament, in the midst of the enemy and in one of their ports, being over seven thousand miles from supplies; so after the fifth time across their line we withdrew to count up our ammunition, to see how we stood and to get breakfast. « DF.VVEYS MEN TELL OF MANILA. 57 "It was only 7.J0, but it seem- e by Cone and two others, who were all very proud of it. They told me they also got two other bad shots. " The Boston got a hole in her foremast, just over the captain's head, while a shot struck her in the wake of Doddridge's room, went into his room, where it exploded, set fire to it, and burned his clothes. The fire and water made a pretty bad wreck of his uniforms. The Concord and the Petrel, I believe, were neither of them hit, but as I said before the Olympia was hit eight times, and we were as proud as peacocks of the shots. One or two of them, I believe, were photographed by the newspaper correspondents, so you may see how slight they were, and how much fuss we made over them. We considered the scars very honorable. Batteries Captured and Guns Destroyed. " We do not know exactly what we are going to do now. We sent some of the ships down to Corregidor, where we captured the batteries, paroled the garrisons and destroyed the guns. \Vc can take the city of Manila at anytime we choose, for they have but two or three batteries iett. but we have not troops enough here to hold it. We hear that troops are to be sent out from San Francisco, but do not know whether they are coming or not. The rebels have risen y the crew of a Nova Scotian bark in the vicinity, who quickly and sum-." manly looted the .shattered vessels of all portable articles with the skill of accomplished wreckers. On the morning of the nava! battle, about 2 o'clock, all were sleeping on the Dalcairne except the watch and the steward, who notified Captain Jones in his berth of the approach of the American squadron. Very little time was consumed by the ship's company in tumbling out of their hammocks and berths. The position of the Dalcairne was a perilous one, being directly in the line of fire of the Spanish ships. Their guns, apparently elevated too high however, hurled their destructive missiles slightly above the Britisher and she was consequently struck only once by a shell, which tore away a portion of her top hamper. Still, had it not been for the fact that the American ships manoeuvred so constantly, Captain Jones thinks that his vessel must have sus- tamed serious damage. The smoke hung so heavily that it was difficult to see anything of the engagement after it was well on, but the crew saw one thmg distinctly, and that was the heroic work of Admiral Montojo in trans- ferring his flag to another vessel und-r a rain of death-dealing projectiles. They could but admire his bravery. A Peat of Superb Courage. " How that little boat escaped utcer destruction," said Captain Jones, " is a mystery. Every man on her was a hero, but the Spanish admiral'dis- counted for coolness anything that has ever come under my observation. During that perilous passage of a mile or more he stood upright in the stern perfectly unmoved, although splashes of water flew repeatedly over the little craft from the fragments of shell and larger shot which exploded frequently within a few yards of her. We all held our breath until Montojo was safe oiit of the frying-pan into the fire, as the saying is, and we all devoutly hoped he would cross that expanse of water in safety. It was an example of iinpar alleled heroism." Admiral Dewey is one of those prudent men who never like to go into battle unprepared. Before entering the harbor of Manila, he had every part r'" his fleet in fighting order, as he stated in a letter from Hong Kong.— Mr Charles Dewey, brother of the Admiral, celebrated his fiftieth wedding anni- SOLDIERS IN CUBA DURING A TROPICAL RAIN GENERAL FREDERICK FUNSTON FAMOUS FOR HIS CHARGE ON THE TRENCHES OF THE IN8URQENT8 GENERAL 8. B. M. YOUNQ '>wiMiMrcff Second Bhiqade. C*v»irv division »■' 8ant ''' Wilmington „, one ..J.. IP««-'?-?^?'rrr«,r^^ .. . ll,c Winsl, v was the main target of tl'" enen.y uHl was put out of service. Th other Amer., „. vessels were not dama,, , except that , .e Hudson's two ventilato w-sli,h.,.,3tchedb,,,i„;: The W.nslow was within 3.500 yards of the ore when the . hells struck, Ho. it came "•^^/'"^'^^^Z-t^ldbyitsconnnander Lieutenant John Hernadou. He .aid • •• We were n .king observations when the enemy opened ,re on us. The Wihning. ton ordered us to ,. i„ and attack the gun- boats We went . „nder full steam 'and there s the result." ^e was on the Hudson — —-rwairiT^ag^^^ ^^hen he said tlus, an 1 with the fin.i T ^^hhT;t^« WORTH B"?The pointed to the hu. ib of A ' T'^' K'lied a. cardena.. .^f, , , ""-" ^' "^ "' American flags S-ripes were „„,|i„ed fi„e rigid fori "'" ''*'- ""''" ''^ ^""^ =nd ° '^"' ""= '^'•^ ""'• At a quarter ,o 9 o'clock U.e H„d 67 I 68 FIRST AMERICANS KILLED. son, under Captain F. H. Newton, was taking soundings in Diana Cay bars and Romero Cay, just outside Cardenas, so close to shore that it grounded, but it floated off easily into the shallow water. At half past 1 1 the Wilrtnng- ton spoke the Hudson and the Winslow and assigned them to duty, the Winslow to start to the eastern shore of Cardenas Bay and the Hudson to the western shore, while the Wilmington took its station in mid-channel. Batteries Playing from the Shore This work occupied two hours. Nothing was discovered on either shore, and the boats were approaching each other on their return when a puff of smoke was observed on shore at Cardenas, and a shell whistled over them. The Winslow was on the inside, nearer the shore. The Hudson and the Winslow reported to the Wilmington, and orders came promptly to go in and open fire; but the Spaniards had not waited for a reply to their first shot. The Cardenas harbor shore had already become one dense cloud of smoke, shot with flashes of fire and an avalanche of shells were bursting toward the little Winslow. " This was at five minutes past 2 o'clock, and for twenty minutes the firing continued from the shore without cessation, but none of the shots had at that time found their mark, though they were striking dangerously near. Meanwhile the Hudson's two six-pounders were banging away at a terrific rate. How many of the torpedo boat's shots took effect is not known. The first two of the Hudson's shells fell short, but after these two every one floated straight into the smoke-clouded shore. The Spaniard's aim in the meantime was improving and it was presently seen that two empty barks had been anchored off shore. It was twenty-five minutes before 3 o'clock when a four-inch shell struck the Winslow on the starboard beam, knocking out its forward boiler and starboard engine and crippling the steering gear, but no one was injured. " Lieutenant Bernadou was standing forward watching the battle with calm interest and directing his men as coolly as if they were at target prac- tice. By the one-pounder amidships stood Ensign Bagley, the oiler, the two firemen, and the cook. The little boat gasped and throbbed and rolled help- lessly from side to side. Lieutenant Bernadou did not stop for an examina- tion. He knew his boat was uncontrollable. The Hudson was a short dis- tance off still pounding away with her guns. It was hailed and asked to take the Winslow in tow. It was a vital moment. Guns roared from shore and sea. Lieutenant Scott, in charge of the Hudson's aft gun, sat on a box and smoked a cigarette as he directed the fire. " Captain Newton stood near Lieutenant Meed at the forward gun and i FIRST AMERICANS KILLED. e9 watched its workings with interest. Chief Engineer Gutchin never missed h.s bell A group o sailors was making ready to heave a line to the Wins low and Ens.gn Bagley and his four men stood on the port side of 'heTa^r' ' Let her come; it's getting pretty warm here ' Th. l 'u '^• grabbed by the WinslLs LI ^rrmTwi^^^eat LVpoir 'T^.T. at ,t and drew nearer oot by foot to the Hudson. Almos^at the same nftant a..other four-mch shell shrieked through the smoke and bur t direcTy und" them. Five bodies went whirling through the air Twn "J' , "^^^'^ ""'^^'^ dead w,.c„ .„ey fe,.-E„.,„ Ba^ey andll^ ulZ 'TheT„"4r ^.rrrrr "'"''• '"' "" '•"" '""" ^-"°" "' "-'«"-^'" " The other three died within a few minutes A fl„;«„ • r , .r..U Ueutcnan. Be^adou i„ .he .high a':;^ a^^^uj^la ^1".*^^ ' tenant did not know it then. With the evnlo«;«„ J *u 1 ,i , parted and the WinsloWs helm went harVtTstXrl. ^w" ! s^t'X gear smashed the torpedo boat floundered about in the wat r a the mr" of the enemy s fire, which never relaxed. They saw their advantage .^H not slow to make the most of it. advantage, and were Kept up the Fight to the Last. " The fire of the Americans was of the usual persistent character and the nerve of the men was marvelous. Even after the W.nslow's starboard „jne and steering gear were wrecked the little boat continued pouring shot^" the Spaniards on shore until it was totally disabled. Meanwh"fe the Wn mington from its outlying station was busv with ,>« h" '"^^^""^^"^ ^^e Wil- after siiell from its four-inch guns^rashinT.^ n h ^'T' ^""' ""^ ''"'^^^" execution must have been defry No a^f « !f t T '"^.l ^"' ^'^'^ enemy reached the Wilmington. ^ ^' °^ '^°' °'" ^^^" ^^"^ ^he " The Hudson quickly threw another line to the Winslow anH th. r, i less torpedo boat was made fast and pulled out of the r^'"''°^'f"^ ^^^ help- l.e Machia, a..e„di„g ,o .he wounded. N„. ..^'^^i! .h !'^1?„ ' ^"^'"^ "' be..,n wa, i. learned .ha. I.ien.enan. Bernadou hadtenTn "d^°^™'„L' at the wound as a .rifle, but submitted .o .reatment Hescofled 70 II to Q In o O cq < X o FIRST AMERICANS KILLED. yj o..e, and the buntin. sprLd on T/h T /? ^ ''' ^'''^ ^^^ ^^'"^ ^° ^^'"e ing fro. beneati/conTned tt^^^^^^^^^^ there a foot protrud- wounded were carried quicklv to th" ^'"'^" ^""« ^^re called and the taken to the local unde a^r's h I T""' '^^P'*^'' "^^^ ^^^ --e mutilated forn^s drap d ^th ^ ,f ^Th^^^^f^^^ '^>' ^» <^«y on slabs, the remains, and all day a sterXstream J ^, i" ""''^ P"''"'"^^ *° ^'^^ ^he The Am.r,v K ^ Of people flowed through the shoo" The ^;.lz[^:n:zzt:/:''^' '--^ """ '^-""^"^•^'^^to... story of the Captain of the Tug one o'f'.h:rglor.rr ,' 'Zri' f '"T '°"" •-'"-"arves.bu.ned We were ,„ a vortex ;f sh„ M ,f? ''^ '"! """^ '°'P="'° ""'"y-'- but we .aw one of their boa it i. T"'^!-' ""'' '""'^ ""' '=" ^^^'-'ately, Then a large building ear tteTlIrfTfhJI.rh""" f " '"= '"■"" "'«- other buildings were soon burnt! t, = ">= ^""oks, look fire, and many an side, of „,%idd;nrbusheT Td blhi^dt::": "Ih"""":" '^""'" °" As soon as we got within ranpr „f ,h ."'" . "°'"='; They set a trap for us. .lunk their gun! were field ^feees ZZlX '"^ " u" """^ "■="• ' harbor to help us on accounLf the shalLww'r.er""""' ""' ''' '""' *= was gre:.tt™::.e'^"'f;'e be7ong';;f:J::'„'r' "'^ i" ^^^ -quinary fight, Carolina, and was a youn^ man of h , , " '^""^^ "' ^'"«^' North raiwtwrrittbF^^^^^^^^ a., the fi'rri^: z^:L ^::z^c%£'^ ^t =?- -^ firing the salute of a brigadier-generaUvrr h::'body '""' "'"'""' ''-'" how h:'"„a™ 'iXUg' IroVefthe"' '^'; "^^ "' '""''"' "^^ -'-0 ;vou,d -keeveryhearrbfat s er ntoTd" Sgrj' "= '" ^^^'^ "'°"*' honor and praise and reverence uZ , ? ""^ """ ="'' """an Bagley wanted it, but he;rtre th'iLjfrhrhe'h ^d "'""" "■'' ^°"'' s,an,l,„; r;™t -V'"" "" ""' "■' "'"^ "-y "f North Carolina *„ i- .-. It star si'.;: iz^ h""'"''^"'"' ">"'■= ■— f>a™„',; mple. impressive, heroic, a memorial to the soldiers of 72 FIRST AMERICANS KILLED. North Carolm^who d.d their duty. The oaly sentence ua ,t that catches th, eye ,s this : • i he first at Bethel, the last at Appomattox ' ^" • Probably the reading every day of such a sunple sentence of l„.r„i .nst,l ed, unconscionsly, into young Barley's mind the idea tha" here ZZl one thmg m l.fe, and that was duty to a principle There 111 T ^ ^ n,onume„. near it soon. It „il, he 'o the h'e roTf Card^na^ '' """"^ was to mat'/htmark * n" T"'', '°' T' ^'^'^- ^"^"^^ ^""""•■'" '" 1'^ another Ba ley a^a t :1v::S:iu"V:rha:e a^"'^" '""" '''- °' ::rb:trca„--— 4^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Beautiftil Traits of Character. traits''ifa;s';:;;^tcr' wht i'°^^''^ " ?" -"= *• ■""'' "-"«"' devoiio^nTh- ";i''e:;%\t:rrar3 h"^ "'*r "^^'^^ ^--^^ -^ *■•' with so brave a mother couYd e" be a cTward "i: I T"', '"' """ "" "'"' in her, this resolute courage Inher tZZL V *™™' "' '"'""^ this wonder at that quiet f-ice wh.VI, 7 ^, ^ ^'^'^^' "^^^ ^"°^ Every other rnotherfref that no ^''^'^^^ ^n grief, show.s nothing bitter. aioujto Heavent "Bt,ra:r:::o7tr:af °"'^ ^^^^ '-' ''- --^ the da^VhtL'lr^ctt^^^^^^^^ Shewas -. governor Worth, who was a staunch old Quaker, and her FIRST AMERICANS KILLED. 73 husband, Major Badev like hi« ,.,.f» editor .l,e„, and dil ev^ ,1 in ' J h l 7 "T"' '° '"= "'• "= "^ =■" .ween .he Su.es, bn, like G:!, ' e T^nl^T , T""" ''' "'■ ■■ Mrs. Bagley „as of a fan,il„ rl, ,' """*• '"' ""' »"'* it- it^ feeling for .L'^Union 'a^d now^ ^sIT X odd'^fT' '"^ ™ ^- peculiar .rick, of fa.e she should gi. ^X:' ^:[X:'S:L:1;Z His Ideal Heroes. his ciirord '^tzrs^^tf "■ ? ^"-^ "-^"^ ■"-^=- admired these more than anvothT f "' '^"' " ""'^ ''"°»" *at he certainly was a very 1 ifZ; ;;;",«!%" i," '"' ''''''• "*"' '^"^ *"' '' Some one has said that irreat^evotZ ! \ '" '° °*'='' >'°''"S ">™- of^^at ,o.ous manhood Ith^aC Zf Ind Itl';^:^^;:; ;-::"„Lrryot:;::sr.irhT;^s^^ — -- S^^y alter the telegram announcing Worth's death. »'\\T^ , . '" Off Matanzas, Cuba Mw R TRr^<^ Partia Gardia and Sabanda battti™ and at'th. '"Z"" ""' ^'* "' "" are the Maya and other batteries M^ "'""' °" *= °"'" i;an.s with an ante-bellum co:m=rc"?Ze";:,r°if;'°"' f'°°° "■'"'- three miles inside the entrance at ,.1,1^1, '' "^ ' ^^''l before, bend. Which ma.es it n^t^tS:;: ^7^, r^^^-^^ '^^^^ "■ are here .It the entnnrf. o„^ i .. '"cation. 1 he batteries, however day by the «; nH; Du,r. wh T "1 ""^ "'"=" '" ^^^^ ^-'- She got away quickly and ,Tre,^r" for h!" T '°° "°^= """''=■• '"'" «-• ."iles and levclld a Spanish bl,";: Thf w 'T' T "P ""= '°'^' '"" .el*^?o\:irt^-oi;i^^^^^^^^^^ great luck when we ec ive new,nr f f '"' """'="'="'• ^^ "= - days*rtheyarepurh:d::ra7;::rj:dir'°^"=''°"*"-''- »pKere,r^mo:;r;,T:Lit,"yti:L''^Th"'"^ ""-■" -""'■' "«■= We, the torpedo-boat Bupont, ^i:/^^^';:^^:^^;:::^ 74 FIRST AMERICANS KILLED. boats lie over at the eastern entrance, while we guard the western. Of course it is necessary to keep a very careful lookout at night on account of the Spanish gunboats in these waters. The calibre of their guns is greater than that of our three little I -pounders, but we wish they would come out just the same, for we would use our torpedoes and sink them. You may be sur'^ I am well. The weather is not half bad, as we use the awnings now and get all the breeze without the sun. It is nearly always perfectly clear, and a light passing shower this morning is the first rain I have seen since the beginning of the war. " ' No one knows where the armored ships of our squadron have gone, but it is supposed that they have left to intercept the Spanish fleet off San Juan, should that port prove to be its destination. UNITED STATES GUNBOAT WILMINGTON. "'The nation, as a whole, from the tenor of the papers, has realized that the navy is our defense, our real fighting body. The Dupont is coming this way, so I must have my letter ready for her and close now. I feel that I will hear from you when the next mail comes. Bless you, dear, for your goodness. Love to each one, and don't forget that I am in perfect safety. " ' Devotedly, " Worth.' " " Another letter runs : — '"I am homesick to see you. It is really like sweet music to think of our home after coming in contact with the selfish world, of which I am the most selfish. Yet I actually believe I could be unselfish if I lived at home. Where is that picture of you that you said you were going to send me ?' " " From the letter before the last to his mother, under date of Key West, May 4th, on board torpedo-boat Winslow (one week before he was killed): — We leave in a few hours for Matanzas, whence we came two days ago FIRST AMERICANS KILLED. 75 for some minor repairs and necessary stores and coal. You are the sweetest mother o me for more reasons ti,an I can ever count; but I an^hrkin , prmapally about your writing to me. Every time we have receded ^0"^ wh'^ver t^o Tend ^ou a Ittt TsLTh""' 'T T'' °^ ^'' ^"^ ^'^^"^^• moment. ' " "^^ '°' ^"^ ^^^^ ^°"^ «« "P to th,. Anxious for Active Service. " ' You need have no fears about me. for there is no danger for us now V rylLTica:' f .'°'"'' °"'^°"'^^ in a generation, and it w.ll be very Hard f I can get no chance to do some unusual service so it is v.«, so you must feel l,ke I do whenever we are engaged in anythincr at all d.n gcrous-enjoy the excitement, feel that, but nothing more. ' Tha„k H aven" I have found hat I have no fear, for I have analy.edlll my fee ings in" " ' Don t repeat that ; ,t would be a boast to any one but you. Your Lt iX; made me feel so happy, and I am so proud to receive your praTseo fee th Good-bye for a few days. '"Devotedly. '"Worth."' com: wiu T::;x ° Do^nr:'^" ^^' K ^''' ^' '''"' '^'' -^ ' ^^ any danger I don't thTnW k ""'"'^ ^^°"' '""• ^ ^'" "«* «•"" ^"to > aanger 1 dont thmk proper, but can't promise you anything else- dnnY you know what I mean, dear ? Still. I will think of you alHhe tfme 'it wa L^o\:L'rLn'eri^sZ^^^^^^^ ^^" "'^^^ -ny a peaceful. happ3. front Zlh It t nv"°"^ r?"" '"' '" ^°"'' '^^' ^^"^'^ "'^^^ "^^ ^hink of ou. them ^ ' ^""^ "^ ''"'' ^^^"*'<'"^ 't "'"-^t be now with its wealth of them. I send you my picture, taken the other day by an artistic We^t f 76 FIRST AMERICANS KILLED. I am afraid they are not good likenesses, for I am very much thinner on account of the heat. I am well, however, and stronger than I ever was, so that you can know that I go to war in good condition. I am so glad you are well. Please don't be uneasy on my account; as I said before, the chance of war, after all, is rather a scant one.' "On the 3d of March, just before leaving for Washington, he wrote: ' You may be sure that I am not ashamed to use the proper amount of care lOr myself and will think of you in the midst of ^anger.' Who can say what thoughts filled his mind at the moment of death ? Last Letter Before the Battle. "On the 2 1st of April, writing to his mother, he said : ' We are under orders to stand by to leave to-night. I felt that I would like to write you a line before going, to say good-by, not that there is any danger for me— there never is any — but I knew you would wish to hear. For your sake I might almost wish there would be no war ; on my own account I am happy that chance is offered me for distinction. You need have no fear for me. Nothing will happen to me with such prayers as yours to aid me. I shall have full confidence at all times, in action or wherever I may be, and that alone would keep me ready to do good service. Do not be afraid for me. Everything turns out for the best. '"You will have to get out of the habit of feeling fear for my .safety. Besides, you have enough of the Spartan in you, if you wish, to say, " With your shield or on it," and that is what you must alw.iys say to me.' "As the guns ceased their salute at the cemetery and the Confederate veterans and those of the Grand Army sauntered home together thiougli the shady walks of Raleigh, the talk was ever of this one thing, ' that the South should pledge her loyalty to the flag in the first blood 01 the war.' Said one veteran gravely, ' There is no North, there is no South after this. We are all Worth Bagley's countrymen.' " But the women said a different thing. One dear, old lady said, ' The shot that struck the heart of Worth Bagley struck the heart of the mothers of North Carolina. We have forgotten heroism; we have forgotten loyalty in a moment. We only remember that this is war. That it is death. This may mean giving up our boys.' "To the men it meant glory; to the women it meant heart-ache. Not one of them knows who may be the next asked to give up him on whom all their hopes depend, those for whom they have lived and sacrificed. Tliis is the difference between the flag and the cannon. Heretofore every one has heard the march of triumph. To-day they hear the dirge. FIRST AMERICANS KILLED. 77 " Worth Bagley-s boyhood, as it is revealed by those who knew him in Rale.gh was a bnght one. Every one knows, of course, that he was th" amous half-back on the football team of Annapolis, and hat he mlde he famous k,ck of the season of -94. But eve^. one does not know tha the Board of Exam.ners announced that he had heart trouble from footbal and all h.s hopes of fame m the service seemed about to be nipped in the bud D.sconsolate he went to Washington, hoping to get some inflence that D WarT^ 0' ?""• ^'""^ ''^ '^^PP^-^ ^° --* President Ethelbe D Warfield, of Lafayette College, a relative of Bagley's. Dr. Warfield s il nt H T'.^"'^" f ""■""'^^' "'^^ "- swept^verboard 1 e at s " footbalUnthus,ast said 'fudge' to the whole business, called in ^ne of his ate^tlo^^h^^^^^^^ '-' ^^" '"" ''^ -^ - --^ ^ young stripling Too Manly to Accuse Others. '• They tell a very good story of him which will endear him to Annaoolis students for ever and aye. about a hazing experience when hT went there new student. As soon as Bagley got there the hazers took himTn tow and admm>stered the time-honored ceremonies of blackening his face duck n^hTm in water and other acts of like character. auckmg him " Of course this attack on Bagley became known to the authorities and Bagley was sent for by one of the subordinate officers and asked for the nUes of those who hazed him. The young cadet was entirely respectful L his supenor officer but replied that he had been taught at home never to b come thel ""'J' r? ''f '' ""^' "'"^^ *° ^"^-^ "- q"-t-n. H,s refusa was then reported to the commandant of the academy, and Bagley was Trnme d.ately brought before him. He was again asked to tell who hazed himTnd he agam refused. He was then informed that if he did not tell that he wou^^ be put under arrest and placed on the boat Santee. then i^the harbor and shut up on bread and water until he did tell. He cheerfully acLted tWs man7T'H"';'"'r' °" ''^ '^"^^^ ""*" '^^ hazers w^nt to Se com mandant and mformed on themselves he wL^'LtnlTon t T'/"". V'' ^°°' °^' ^"^'^^'^ •^*-^' ^^ -^ich ne was descended on both sides of his family. All the Worths of North he ein„ ,r''':r k"'^ ?"f '^"' ^"^ ^^^ >" ^"" f^"°^«hip with them unt'l he fell n love with a beautiful gir! who was not a Quakeress. His love fo the g.rl was stronger than that for his order, and he carried ^.r^Ztj. 78 FIRST AMERICANS KILLED. expelled from the Quakers. The old Governor often told of this incident, and laughingly said that they put him out of the Quakers, but they could not put the Quaker out of him. " It has been stated by a number of people that the first sacrifice in the Civil War was an uncle of young Bagley, but this is not tiue. However, what is true is very significant, and that is that North Carolina gave the first three deaths in the notable wars of our country. She gave the first in the Revolution in AUemance, March 31, 1775, nearly a year before hostilities began, and the first man killed in the Civil War, in battle, vas Henry Lawson Wyatt, of Tarboro, N. C, at Bethel. Dreamed of Being an Admiral. " Worth Bagley never wanted to go into the army. Naval life seemed to have a hypnotic influence over him, although his friends told me that his hero and idol was Napoleon, about whom he read everything he could. He used often to tell his mother, after a great deal of analysis on the subject, that he felt fear was impossible to him. He didn't know what it was. This was not in the nature of an idle boast, but the conclusion of a man who was fond of analyzing himself. " They tried to dissuade him in Raleigh from going into the navy by telling him how slow promotion was in time of peace, but it had no effect on him. His dream was to have an admiral's commission, and he always had a way of saying, in the oratorical manner so common to the clever Southern boy, that ' a strict performance of duty would at last bring highest promotion and permanent honors.' And he also said in that same oratorical vein that a life profession was not worthy a life's devotion unless it was accompanied by a willingness and determination to give up life whenever that sacrifice was required. And, swinging loose from the orator to the enthusiastic foot-ball player 25 years old, he would say, cap in air, when he was at home on a fur- lough, ' I want just one shot at the Spaniards.' He had it. They had theirs. His was hit or miss. Their's freed a soul. " If Bagley had been superstitious he would have had every reason to be frightened. There were two reasons for this. The three close chums at Annapolis, Breckenridge, Merritt and Bagley, had like positions on the tor- pedo boats. Breckenridge was swept overboard from the Cushing in a big storm m February. Breckenridge and Bagley were room-mates for four years at Annapolis and served lor two years together in the navy. Merritt went down with the Maine. ' Yovmg Bngley was nn {he M.9ine jjntil within sixtj' days before his death with Merritt, and when he was transferred to the Winslow his friends thought FIRST AMERICANS KILLED. )» Pelt Certain He Would Not Escape. possession is the etter from Serr^tar,, t ^ . mgley s ■Wng. ™„ have plyld tol^' ""«"*"■«""»' °™ •>- C-ve. Fo, such CHAPTER V. Eye-Witnesses Describe the First Battles on Cuban Soil. HERE was spirited fighting at Cieiifuegos in an attempt to cut the cables in the harbor on the same date as tliat of the naval engage- ment at Cardenas. Lieutenant CM. R. Winslow, of the Nash- ville, who was in command of the expedition, was wounded in the left hand. The Marblehead, Nashville and Winslow were detailed to do the perilous work. Cienfuegos is situated some distance back from the sea in a harbor which winds and twists about between high hills, completely obscur- ing it from ships standing out at sea. Near the mouth of the harbor the land is low for some distance back from the coast, and then there is a sudden rise — a sharp bluff towering up and covered with trees. The low land is covered with tall grass and under- brush. The cable house, which the Americans desired to destroy, was located within a few feet of the water. Not far from this on one side was a lighthouse, and on the other side an old blockhouse, or lookout, such as the Spanish built in former years all along the coast to intercept filibustering expeditions. It was the plan of the Americans to send out the small boats from the ships, and, proceeding close to the shore, pick up the cables with grappling irons and cut out sections of sufficient length to prevent the possibility of mending them by reuniting the severed ends. When daylight came the three war-ships were in position a short distance out from the shore. With the first rays of light the lookouts began to scan the shore, and it was soon discovered that the Spaniards were expecting them and evidently knew the mission of the ships. Rifle-pits were plainly distinguished at the water's edge and command- ing a cruel rake over the point where the cable was supposed to be and where the Americans would have to go in their small boats. Rapid-fire guns and small cannon could be seen. Squads of infantry .swarmed like insects upon the shore. Groups of cavalry were constantly racing up and down a dusty white path that led from the shore to the hill top. All this the men saw, but as if the shore were a desert the boats were lowered, the implements were put in and the perilous work was begun. The little flotilla that did the hazardous work consisted of two small 80 6 81 82 FIRST BATTLES ON CUJiAN SOIL. launches, two steam launches and a half dozen ordinary rowboats, carrying the men who did the work. The launches were armed with machine guns, and were designed to do what they could in protecting the men in the small boats as they worked, and tow them back to the ships in case the men were so badly disabled that they were unable to use the oars. With steady nerves and strong arms the sailors pulled directly in shore toward the cable house. On they went until they could see the faces of Spanish soldiers peering out from behind the buildings and over the rifle pits. They knew it was only a matter of minutes when fire would be opened upon them. But the regular swing of the oars did not falter. At last, a point within lOO feet of the cable house was reached. They were within 200 feet of the rifle pits where the Spaniards were lying. Lieutenant Winslow stood up in the boat and gave the command for the men to throw out the anchor, and begin grappling for the cable. Stood at Their Guns Every Moment. Calmly as if trolling for fish the men began to work with the grappling hooks. All this time the men on the Nashville, Marblehead and Winslow stood at their guns, ready to rain shot and shell upon the shore the moment the first puff of smoke was seen to come from the rifle pits. Men in the boats bent to their work, and at last one of the grappling hooks caught something a few inches below the soft white sand, and the arms of two strong sailors soon brought the cable into view. Then came the first shot. It was just a flash, a sharp snap, a singing over the heads of the sailors, and a splash in the water beyond. There was no white puff from the shot. The Spaniards were using smokeless powder; but it was the signal for the opening of a deadly fire upon the men in the boats. This was promptly answered by the guns on the ships. A hurricane of shells shrieked and hissed above the heads of the sailors in the boats, and tore completely into fragments the earth where the Spaniards were crouching and hiding. Again and again the guns roared from the ships. Again and again the great clouds of dust and debris flew skyward on the shore. Another mighty crash from the Nashville, and the cable house flew into the air, torn into numberless fragments. Another crash from the Marblehead, and the block house was in ruins. Then this iron storm swung around and swept the hill- side. It shattered the rocks and trees. It ploughed great furrows in the soft sand. It drove a throng of panic-stricken men rushing and raving for shelter. Then it lowered again like the rays of a mighty searchlight, and raked and riddled the rifle pits. FIRST BATTLES ON CUBAN SOIL. gg But there came a moment'*! nanc. ;„ .1 r . , and that moment was a fataTon .'^p^ hj^t^r'^^'"^ '-"' ^'^ '^^"P-^. fire from the Spanish rifles .nd ei^rL ''''''"' P°'"'' '^'"^ ^'^'^ Two were dead'and six we. wo td ^ r s'"''?" '' ''' ''''''■ Already one cable had been hauler^ I ^P'^""^'"^' '^^''^ too late, the cable that ran to B tl a ' ' > " '^"^ "' °"' °^ "• '^'^'"^ "^^^ Lborious work. The tl^y2^^^^^^^ ^^ --^ «>ow. boats, and then, by slow degre^ the toLh ." , ''' "^ ^'^''""^ ^^^^ ^-^" axes, chisels and saws. ' "^'^ '^'"' ^""^^ ^^"-^ h^^^ed off with Worked Bravely Under a Stonn of Shot and Shell. Atter the vol ev had been fir<»H K„ fU c • , dead and wounded' to ano 1 er toa. Ld h , ,' "" """ """"""'' *" which ran east to Santiago Tm! ''=»''» '°*n,g for the other cable canopy of shot and she! ffom tL ^1, .u""" '"''"''' ""'' '«''"■ ""''" the .ion of eighty fee. J ^'.r l^/Tol'lUT ^T" °" ""'" ^ ^^ opened fire on the shore it w« tl,. • . . *''™ ■»"■ "'"P' fet standing;bntwhe„th4an ,,;::: rr^ on the MarMehead discovered hat »T .' '" "P™ "'= '"'•* «"= ■"=" the hghthonse. "' ' '"«' """"'='■ °f »'">" ''ad come from n>arj::n^h:;:L*::::;:L''";ir::r:::,rH?-r= 'r-'^- ^-^ tower was hterally torn to atom, al ,l! r " "''°'" ""= '"'== "f «« tree, one of the great guns o ,^ shin M t" "'L '"'™'"" "'"'"^ ''°" » tower at the top^ Thfs wa," done aJ a "'l ""T '""''""■ ''" <">' "- «!-' heavy sea rolling. I, was just ve ' ^V f ■ u"" "'°'''""' y"''"- «"* " were ag»i„ ,.„,, ^^ „,, .^^ ^^^^ ^^^ thet;tr:::ttrr^:„^t n-an "e^rw^LtSo^'^hrr L^^rS? "■"" T T «"= -"^ eral letters Mr. Coleman »ave son!. ! 7 Coleman, a bugler. In sev- Cuban can,paig„. He llfo" n" to , HT 'A""""' "' "*"" '"= ''" •" "« cables which was cut at Genfue ' s t ." '"'"* " "'"°" »' ""= "f ">■= 'copper wire in the middle of rte core I ."".T^ '" ""'""'"■ ™* «"= ^ate of May ,th Mr, Colema'n":::::' f^X^.':'^^- ^'-' ™- '^"''- wesig^;7;maitram°er^"1"'°^ hst Thursday. On Friday about noon K"i^u a mail .steamer, and our captah s^nt the NsqV.,,;!!^ a. u the Nashville trot barW u„-fl, I, "" -"^ ^"^ JNashville after her. After her. We left the EaX T .T T"' °" ''"'''^ '" '^^^ ^J^^t «'^e had on left the Eagle to guard the hnW>or while we went out to the Nash" M ■M iBi w ^HR'JI ;^. ^gvm w flPllll w H-l rH B^hP3| H fQ^jfl b ^iKjwI O fKPiiil u Ih^i iHI c<: hH ■ VmM u< 1 ''4 ■li H (^ ^^RMIw (I) ^MQKjyl O cf^BSff Z ''^fl^^B t) ""'- "Afer wri.ing ,he °on,e C ban offi e "'°'° "="" ^" ""="' "? "> *<= Cubans' 1 p • .hr,., ..kl ; J^ ; "° ""' "S'" ""= "lad we killed so men We cut »: dtd':;;" dor/Ty^Tcei " "^ ' ""'' "'" '""■ ^^= -- »^ « right •• ^ >^ """'>^' ="'' *'' •="?=« 'hey will pull through all He speaks of b^i no- '^rdpr<>H ^-,^^ ■ t- ^tt marksmanship of the Amertans a^d add Tv !; ''"""^-^ *'^ '^"P^"- our ships out to chase a st.Z i . t " '""^^"^ ' " ^^^ ^^"^ two of P chase a steamer last night, and our ships ran into each other, 86 FIRST BATTLES ON CUBAN SOIL. but did not do much harm. At night we don't have a light on the ship, and on a dark night it is pretty hard to see a ship until you get up close." The next fight of any importance was at Guantanamo, where 600 United States marines were landed June nth. The Spaniards were there ni force and made repeated attacks on the marines. Reports of the fighting came in the following despatches which were received at Washington : "United States Camp, entrance to Guantanamo Bay, June 12, via Kings- i ton, June 13.— Heavy loss was caused to the Spaniards by the attack on the marines' camps last evening and complete repulse. The liveliest firing began according to best accounts, after midnight and lasted until daybreak. At times there was a heavy fusillade on both sides. Lieutenants Neville and Shaw, with thirty men, Vv'ere on picket duty all night and were attacked by a heavy force of Spaniards. All the men killed were in this detachment, except Dr. Gibbs, who was shot while in camp. " Reinforcements have been landed from the Texas and Marblehead. They consisted of sixty men and two rapid-fire guns. It was decided by Colonel Huntington to abandon the position first occupied as a camp, as there were no signs of reinforcements of troops, and it was known that a force of Spaniards, six times more numerous than the marine battalion, was in the vicinity. Therefore, the crest of the hill, which the troops held last night, was given up to batteries and rifle pits, and the tents were pitched on the side of the hill near the harbor, which is protected by the warships. The men are suffering greatly from heat and thirst, but they are all behaving splendidly in and out of fire." Story of Marines' Brave Fight. "Camp McCalla, Guantanamo Bay. June 12, via Mole St. Nicholas, June 13.— The wonder is that the Spaniards did not drive the United States marines from this first American post on Cuban soil pell-mell into the sea. There are only 600 marines here. They fought in the open with but few rifle pits, trenches or hiding places, yet in these exposed positions they never flinched and stood their ground bravely. " The trampled brush shows that the attack was made by a heavy body of the enemy. Their number is estimated by the Cuban insurgents at more than 2000, it being known that there are about 3500 Spanish troops in and/ about Guantanamo. Had the Spaniards boldly charged the devoted band of marines, they must have won a victory by ^ leer force of numbers, but they were reluctant to engage, and did nothing more than drive in the pickets, the ' men killed, with the exception of Dr. Gibbs, all bemg on the outer line when the heaviest attack began. FIRST BATTLES ON CUBAN SOIL. 87 "There was never a sign of wavering nor retreat on the part of the fla h. When the Span.ards n.ad. a feint of charging, the Americans sen up a cheer and plugged away at the advancing enemy w.th such energy and pre cs.on that the Dons were quicic to retreat into the cover again '-The greatest d.fficuky of Colonel Huntington and his officers was to< keep the mannes from charging the enemy, which in the in.perfect knoriedge, o the counu-y and the disposition of the opposing forces, would have been folly But the men were eager to get to close quarters and avenge the death of the.r comrade. The f5r..t attack was when the men were bat^g and carrymg water Then the enemy were driven off. and a beating of the bush stnce ' "" '' "'"^" ^^''^"^^^ ^'^'^ -^ ^ P-^Af reconnoS "About 9 o'clock at night the attack was resumed with more vigor and by a much supenor force. The Spaniards made their presence known at the edge of a small .sland about a mile to the northeast. Their shots were fi ed at too ong a range to be ef^bctive and their attack was evidently intended o .stract attention from the main movement on the mainland and perhaps to keep the Marblehead's rnen going that way. Thirteen marines were deta led w.th a three-mch field gun to attend to this first attacking party By the tnne^they had got the range of the island further firing fron 'that , direction Fighting in the Dense Brush. .nt ,\?'"r.r '^' 'u'"^ ^'■°'" '^' "'"'"''■ ^°°^^= ^"'^ Colonel Huntington hm on h . r "" ".f.^ n" '"' P'''^^' '' '" P''^'''- °" the summit of the h II on wh,ch Can.p McCalla is located. Skirmish lines were thrown out and the men found plenty to do in matching the Indian warfare of the enemy who are accustomed to brush campaigning. They popped away whe"e;er a Mauser r,fle spoke from the dark and kept up Veir work all night though outnumbered and at times apparently surrounded ^ ''There were thirty of these men under command of First Lieutenant l7o!T. rr\ "^r^^"^"* ''^^"- ^--ghteen hours these men wih stood the first shock of the conflict, and it was supposed for a time thatThey bn^sed bu safe Th /''' ""' '"'' '"^^" '^ "^^^"■■^°^^' ^^^^ed an. camrup ' ' '""P ^'"'^ '^''"^ ^ ^^J^on^ing «hout as they ;•; We -ant water, inside and out.' was Lieutenant Neville's first remark.' that number w " 1""" '^'' ^' '^"°^ °'"' '""^ ' ^^ink more than double that number were carr.ed away with holes in their hides/ said Lieutenant 88 FIRST BATTLES ON CURAN SOIL. II if! Shaw. Sergeant Smith was shot through the abdo.nen wh.lc scouting. His companions guarded his body after death. i'"g- nis " It was between i and 2 o'clok in "the morning that Smith was killed W,th Pnvate Brown he had gone out in the first volley east of the camp The Span,ard opened fire on them and began closing in from th e s dT Both Americans fired rapidly and then retreated, returned flash for flash hot' tor shot. As Smith climbed a ledge of rocks his form was brought into s,l houette agamst the sky. and a Mauser bullet pierced him ^ ;" I'm done/ he called to Brown. ' Get back as fast as you can.' Brown carried the sergeant to a place of comparative safety, but understood th t he was mortally hit. So the private made the best oMus way ba klo c . p reporting Smith's loss. The body was recovered at daybreak ^' n'H "^'' ?y!^^' ""'' ^'^^f '"'"" ''""' ^'^'"'^ S""^^^' «•■ a ''"le before , in J f ^ 'V J"T:^- ' "'' J"^' '' ^'"'^ •^^"•- '^'' *h^ Spaniards were fli- ng fastest and nad brought most of their men into battle. Many of the bu - les whizzed about the hospital ten, and it was suggested that'it I u d be well to retire to the shelter of the ruins of the blockhouse, partially destroyed when the marines landed. ^ ^ aesiro> cd " ' ^f"' I don't care to be killed here,' said Dr. Gibbs. and with Private Kdgar and Sullivan started for the blockhouse. Dr. Gibbs Mortally Wounded. '• He had not gone twenty feet before a Mauser bullet pierced his head and he fell into the arms of Sulhvan. Me was carried to the blockhouse and placed in the partly-constructed trench which the marines had thrown p there. At about this time the Marblehead's searchlight showed a paTtvTf Spaniards about 200 yards from the lower end of the camp. They had been firing rapidly but as soon as the light was turned on them they fan rapid " -h.^ "h^"* ^""^T^ u '^'■'^°. ^^°'^'' ^ '^"^^•^ '^^d^'-' «^y« that Gibbs was .hot by guerrillas who made a demonstration along the beach ' AT Z standing in the shadow of the hospital tent.' said the colonel this" n^oZL'l saw a small guerrilla party sneak out along the beach and begin firing in ;« direction Just at this time Dr. Gibbs threw up his hands Ld felf So I feel sure his death may be laid to the guerrillas and not to the regulars ' The two privates probably were killed early in th-. evening but no man saw them fall, so the exact time is not known. .Sergeant Smith w.! reported lost long before he really was killed or captured. 'McColg Tnd Dunphy were not on hand for the hasty meal in the afternoon between ho muting. His FIRST BATTLES ON CUBAN SOIL. 89 two engagements, but neither were others of fh n:.n. however, may have been k.lled in the fi "^ P""'^- '^^^ '^° "At least a dozen attacks were mad [ ^"^^^^^"^^"^ '^'^y '" the day. hottest firing was at about the til Dr G bb "^ ^"' ''''"' ''^^ l>ad drawn a cordon about the wan7n f .r^' '''"'^- ^^'-'" ^^^^ -"'^"^y ever. w.re never ve^. bold The SpTniardT u M ^""- '''^^ ^^^^^'^^' ^ow- . -^ volley or two. make an advance and t"^ ^"""^ °"' ^'°"^ '°"^''' ^'' location and range. "^ *^^" •■""• °"^« the marines got their Marblehead Shelled the Woods Ihere was no telling, however af wh-,^ niakea rush. So about 2 o'cloT ' he^ "'°"?' '^' ^P""''^^^^ ^°"'d message to the Marblehead •< She 1th '"'"/."'' ^''^""^ ""^'''^ «^"t a evidently thought that Colonel Huntin,,ton7.° . /"'""^'''"'J^'- McCalla reinforcements from the Marblelld' m """^ P*""''^^' ^°'' ^e sent inch guns on the thickets, where tese-^^^^^^^ '"""' ^"'^ ^'^- the hiding and elus.ve enemy '''''^''^'^^^ ^^^ ^'^-^ ti.ne to time shown sheii:s:„ts:r:HXirLnrt° ifi^' ^--^'^ -- ^^e grew fainter and fainter. There is no l^t nf ! '^ '"^ ''^'-^''' '^^^ •"'''P'dly •ards. The scouts with Lieu e ant S""'"^ ''''°" ^' ^''^ Span- Beyond this it is impossible to see twenttit "7 T''"" ^'^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^e. cans shot oftener than the Span LrdranH 1 '"' "''^'''' ^"' ^^^ ^"^^'■'■- all the night. Spaniards and were thoroughly composed during and Z'L':ltTr::rZ\^^^^^^^^^ «- ^^^-^ because the scouts rron. the Marblehead ma^y^ WdoT: 1^ exeTu^r '' "' ^"^ ''' ''^'^ Lieutenants Neville anH ci, ^^unun. bravery. They and th^lv men wte :grn ^'"'^ Tr''' '^ ^'^^^ mouths parched, stung by myriads of Tn! T '" '^' ^°"^^' ^^ '^' their they not only did not waver bJwn/ri.h" "T "'"'"'^'>' ^''P^^^- ^^t show in greatest force. Some of the Snt '"/'^r ^^ ^'- -"emy seemed to men ^n .N.„ . '"^'^^'"^ g""s. The Marblehead also added a few ds had mounted t^vo guns on the with them late this morning A nonsense. The guns were not cf tew 90 FIRST BATTLES ON CUBAN SOIL. sufficient range to reach the Americans, and, in fact, the gunners did not attempt lo fire after the Texas opened on them." Following the foregoing account the narrative tells of the capture of the stone fort and the heroic conduct of our gallant marines; " The next day was comparatively quiet, but when night came on things changed. The Spanish forces were greatly augmented and in the dark were bolder in their attack. By eight o'clock they began firing volleys. Some of them crept to the very edge of the brush, not more than thirty yards from the hill, behind which Fort McCalla is sheltered. From this close range they were driven by one of those heroic dashes for which Lieutenant Neville seems destined to become famous. " With a small squad of men he was sent to dislodge the advance pickets of the enemy, and his men io'lowed him with a will. The Spaniards, who had been popping at every shadow in the camp, fled when the American pickets came along down their way. They discharged their rifles as fast as they possibly could empty the magazines, but evidently took little aim. The marines passed on along the edge of the timber and up to the side of a precipice near the coast, from which point a spattering fire had been kept up all day, and where Lieutenant Neville had previously located a small stone house, which the Spaniards used as a fort. Americans Ambushed by the Foe. "As the Americans pressed along the slope, following a blind trail, they nearly fell into an ambush. There was a sudden firing from all directions, a great yelling and a charge of a numerous body. Sergeant Major Henry Goode was shot through the right breast and soon died. The Americans were forced back upon the edge of the precipice, and an effort made to rush them over. " The rush was checked almost as suddenly as it had begun, and the Spaniards fell back, carrying their dead and wounded towards the stone house. Then Lieutenant Neville showed the fighting stuff in him. He ordered a charge. The Americans swarmed after the fleeing Spaniards, shooting and cheering as they charged. They went right up against the stone fort. '• The Spaniards evidently were not prepared for any such heroic warfare, for they left the stone fort in confusion, after the briefest kind of a stand, and Neville's men occupied the place to stave off any further rush by the enemy. Then the first effect of the American fire was seen. Fifteen dead Spaniards lay in that little stone inclosure, one of them being a lieutenant. The wounded, however, had been carried away. ers did not »ture of the FIRST BATTLES ON CUBAN SOIL. gj the .71' ^P'"!J'''^^„^^ ^'^^ «"o"gh in that direction, and did not return to the attack. So Neville had time to gather his dead and wounded a^d make h.s way back to camp. This was the best f. ditmcr vet Tho Am . the Spaniard were face to face ind ,. ''°'"'"f >'^*- ^^e American and Tu 1 . . , '^^'-' '^"^' "^'^ Spaniard couldn't stand the strnin The dead men in the stone house told hnu.- ,., .11 fi • 7 ' r «„ M .ff 1 u . ^ ^^" "^*-' marines can handle their Lee Metfords when the enemy siiows from the cover. Charge of Spaniards Repulsed. ;• During all this time tlie fo.t had not been having a quiet time The X^:t^tzr'jr^''-i-''^^^-^^ ^"'orci "Brsix I'l dlmaU' ^ " °" '^^"' ^"^ ^h^>' fl«d ^'thout doing any .aget:::^arLnir::^^' f-mishesaconcisc account of the bloody en- "Pelted by a blazing tropical sun. harassed by the persistent fire of dare inexp nence the 600 mannes of Lieutenant Huntingdon have within the week battered their way to what should be to them lafting fame ^ 1 "o Ld or the easy l.fe of marines aboard ship, and unfitted for severe physic exJr tion by weeks o inactivity on the cramped decks of the troopVh^ P nth .r" le'steX" '"': '"• '"'^''''^'^ "'" '^"^^^^ °^ ^ g--"- campaign wih the steady nerves and patient endurance of veterans of a dozen wars I.H J A ' y H'""^' °^ '^" ""^"'y ""^^•- the Marblehead's guns had tLl rrr?- :^"" ^° '^^''■^^^ ^'^^^ there was little possibihty of an at ack, and but slight preparations were made to repel one. Just b ore su„ w^ ;: Ta 7' *\T '"^° '"^' ^"' ^°^ ^^^ «-' ^'^ thi AmertnAag ::;:t^:h:^L^^L « - - ^^^^^^ - - - - inva^o^ a a tl\: IhTh-^ "^-^ r^'-' 'y ^ -^"--^ volley from the brth' a d euns a„d^ r T' ''"' "'"^'^ ^*^^''^^' ^alf-awake marines, groping for guns and acting mechanically under the sharp commands of their officers W th.n two minutes xoo American rifles had sent their bullets in the d re": tTe cha'trir""^' "' '^^ '"'""^" '^^" ' ^^'^ °^ '^^ -- h— "g through the chaparral, every man of the 600 at his post. ^ bullets whirled""?'' T'''^ '" '" ''■•■''''°"^' ^"' throughout the night their uuets whirled over the camp at intervals, each volley drawin- the fi-c of men began to view the affair as a huge joke, and much difficulty was experi- 92 FIRST BATTLES ON CUBAN SOIL. enced by the officers in keeping their commands under shelter. Throughout Saturday then^ were trequent scattering shots from the bushwhackers and returns from the hill, but no damage was done in Camp McCalla, and pro- bably little to the enemy. "With dawn Sunday the bushwhackers retreated into the hills, and although there was scattering fire httle work was done until about 4 o'clock in the afternoon. At that hour a body of Spanish skirmishers was discovered a little more than a mile to the eastward, and the Panther and Marblehcad let go their guns, apparently with telling effect. The loss of life among the Spanish must have been heavy, allhough there was no opportunity to accu- rately determine how many were killed. Towards midnight Colonel La Borda, of the Cuban army, arrived with sixty men, and their camp was pitched near the site of the burning village, a supply camp under the guard of twenty marines having also been placed there. Bitterest Night of the Week. " With darkness began the bitterest night of the week for the Americans. E.xhausted by their unwonted exertions, without sleep for forty-eight hours and worn with intense excitement, they were in no condition for a hard fif^ht. The Spaniards had evidently determined that the camp was to be recaptured that nij^ht. They began at 8 o'clock with heavy firing from their favorite position, on the ridge to the eastward. For an hour they poured their shot from that vicinity, slightly shifting their position frequently under the heavy fire of the marines. The latter fired as coolly and deliberately h.« though at target practice. " After an hour and a half the fire from their field pieces and rifles dis- lodged the enemy, but within an interval of scarcely a half hour the Mauser bullets began again to whistle over Huntington's men, this time from the north. The steady work from the hilltop again silenced the Spaniards and another interval of rest succeeded. The next attack was from the ridge close to the water and to the seaward from the American position. The enemy crept right down to the beach, firing up the hili at the camp, out over the bay at the fleet, and along the shore at the supply camp and the Cubans beyond. " The night's rest put the men in better spirits, and Tuesday Colonel Huntington decided on an aggressive movement. Five miles to the eastward lay the principal camp of the guerrillas, a little vilLge of shacks built around a large well, the only one left within a radius of five or six miles, and there- fore of the highest importance. Already a well near the coast h.^.d been de- stroyed by a shell from the Dolphin. At 8 o'clock Tuesday morning 200 FIRST BATTLES ON CUBAN SOIU 93 ::r"orri:B:^.''^''-^'^ -d^vou, accompanied ,y,,y Cuban. " The march was a fearful o„e. The sun beating viciously down on the httle command was aln^ost as much to be feared as U,e SpanL, and bef^ e the battle ground was reached twenty-two men had fallen aflected by the heat. The surgeon ,n attendance was able to get them all on their feet and not a man m.ssed the finish. The Spanish lay on the side of a ridg ac , and not more than a mile from the sea. ^ Spaniards Routed cau.ht''siro"fTh "'"' '"'". '''.'°P °' '""^ "^^••^^' '^■" C^P*--" EUiott caught s.ght of theenemyon the ridge below him. The men were quickly forn.ed.nl.ne of battle, the Cubans on the left flank, and a stealthy approa h through the th.ck underbrush began. The Americans were within 250 Zs of the camp, when a startled Spanish sento^ yelled out a warning. Ted" i rifle and disappeared behind a shack. ^ "A moment later a volley burst from behind the huts and trees and droppmg on the,r knees the marines fired. As steadily as througl a'drill they settled themselves to their work. Their aim was deliberate fnd the firmg deadly. The sun came fiercely down upon their heads, cacti pieced the,r c othes and p.erccd their hands and Spanish bullets sang conrually above them, but not a hand trembled and not a man flinched. It was a splen^ elTy .' " °' '°°' '"^"^' ^"' "'^^°"^ ^ ^-^' '' ^^^ 'ts effect upon' t,^ .n ^ ''""/f,^^'^^'^ '■'■°"' a yo""g '"anne who went from Philadelphia gives an account of the writer's experiences in the fight the marines waged ^^^thThe Spanish forces who tried to drive the brave band of Uncle Sam's dSders from Camp McCalla and into the sea. The letter is as follows • We landed here last Friday, and from that time until now we have been ghtmg day and n,ght. The Spaniards did not wait for us to get on shore be" fore they began fighting, but while the boats were still out af sea thev lined up on tbe hills and poured an incessant fire upon us In the same hnTt>K ^e were Jim McDonough and McKinley-y^ou remembef heml d tTey were as anxious to get at the Spaniards as I was. When our boat go within fifty feet of the shore the firing upon it was heavy, but we never flincher. i stead, we hurried all the faster to the shore. When we reached i ever^ 'J„ was as cool as if a Spaniard was not within a thousand miles of ul ^ tl,; ■ "a ? f ^ ^ ""^ '°"S '* ^"""^ "•■' to do this. And then came tl>e order to charge upon the Spaniards. We started up the mountam! 04 FIRST BATTLES ON CUHAN SOIL. cheer.ng w.klly. It was a long cli.nb. but ovc-ry one of us got to tl,c top at last, and ,n a very sl.ort time tl.c Spaniards were fleeing in all directions li.at was the beginning of the fight, and it has continued since then without cessation until an hour ago. Not a man has had a chance to wash or to take off h.s clothes. We are having a little rest now. for the Spaniards have been scattered by a heavy fire we have been directing against them all mornmg. But I fear it is only a breathint,' spell, for already we can see the ener.iy formmg again on the mountains. "The hardest fighting, though, we had two nights ago, when the Spaniards attacked us twice, once at 7 o'clock and again at 3 o'clock Both times they were repulsed, but on the second attack they got quite near our stores of shot and shell. At the time I was manning a a-inch cannon, and when they got near enough I fired the gun. and the men supporting let go with their rifles. That checked them a little. " In the meantime I was trying to reload the cannon, but for some reason or another the breech would not work. Finally, I had to give up trying to reload, and then I began popping away with my revolver. It was not until the Spaniards had been completely repulsed that I was able to fix the cannon I he next day, when the officers heard how we had stood by the gun under such heavy fire they praised us heartily, and so did our comrades. Ever on the Alert. " I suppose you know already that we have buried six men. To all of us it is a seven days' wonder that every one has not 'oeen killed, and let me tell you we have had to keep our eyes wide open all the time- to prevent the Spaniards from slaughtering us to the last man. Of ( ourse, all danger is not over yet, but we have determined t< hold out until reinforcements come. We have planted the flag, and it would be a disgrace to haul it down." Another letter ran as follows : "Guantanamo, June 22, 1898.— Dear Sister: I suppose you have by this time read of our success. We are the first to land in Cuba, and put up the American flag, and keep it there. We left Key West the 7th of June and landed on the nth. We went up the hill and put up our tents. The Spaniards could have massacred us all that night, but they waited till the next day and crawled through the bushes and shot through the tents. We got up and fired for three hours steadily, and then went to our tents again and slept about twenty minutes, when they attacked us again. We turned out and fought for thirteen straight hours, and drove them back three miles. " We placed our outposts at about two miles -id they sneaked up and k'iied two of them. They cut them all up with machetes. The next day FIRST BATTLES ON CUBAN SOIL. 96 three hundred of us went out -.n^ .* i . . have not bothered u, since. ' '"" """"Jed, and they " It is pretty hard on us. We werp „„ fl, . <: . »e landed. You ought to see n,e I did ' ' f "«nvo hour, after f.ct. I did not have the chance m ,"■'"'' '"^ '''" '"' ■' ""■••*■ I" down, for fear of di.sease be'ng Tn it '^Lr "''"• "' """'"' '"= -""«•■■ the harbor and bon.lMrded the fort and ^,1!, , n J"^" *'>" '""'"' """"^ hundred. F,ve Spaniards go, p . , ' ; tett d kmV"" 'J"'" '''°"' «"= we have lost four in all, ou, of six hundred ""' ''°'""- ^ '"■ Relics of the Battle. " Enclosed you will find the .ihell that I i„li.j e • . within twenty yar, read of the fi,,ht we had w.th the iLnilh ,' ' , T"' ''° '''""" >""■ •«""= '. -on,s ,0 ,„e that those Sp^ntd^Tad a Ta ;,t*°'" "" '"' ""'""■ we did not know, how to fight but I am i„Hin , , 1 T """ "° «°°<': *« ceeded in changing their opinion LrwNlfo" of r "" "^ ""'^ ^"'■ letter to father that I had been rat.jT. ^ '° "'"""">" " >"/ la.« ■■ Wen, to ten you about t Z^ TT^'I' ^"T^'"' everybody and everything for the past few w^v ^ ""*"« ''"'"«"' a chance to see any of tlfe fightig' SolXre .Tar "71" ""* «='""S comes to him who waits, and in thi, clZZ/l " ""' '""^""'"^ Our first chance presented itself nt r ! """ P'°''"' '"''If true, ioiu the Cuban, i'n a l" d aS H '"''"T"; """= ''<^ ""= -"'=<' on ,0 ; fish.ing on shore, and although al "me! T """ "T" "'«""' "' «"'-'»- '"«a How many the Spaniard, llsrT ^"" '''"'" ■">' « °"ly lost few to Spain Will read ,oS Ame at ki 1 d""?, ""c "" '""^^ "■" «-'■• -Port That^is the way they .ene^rirrepfrhertrort^"'""^ ^"■^'"'>' «""'^'>- an that 7^X':l:X^'-"^ "'*™ ' '•" °" "-''»"<' i'-e a chance to see harbor ,he'h„;es we,; itdwit'hr'" ""'' ""* I- =-PPearance outride the "v-ic unea witn men. wom«n .mil rhihi-„„ u ■ inu cnnd. en who were shout- 96 FIRST BATTLES ON CUBAN SOIL. .ng and yelhng like mad at the thought of the torpedo boat sinking- us. Thev thought they would witness a sight never to be forgotten, and of course we did not hke to disappoint them. They have repeP^edly called us pigs, and we thought th.s would be a chance to redeem our reputation and show'them that the American Jacks were gentlemen by birth and education. Deadly Work of a Five-inch Shell. " The torpedo boat came straight for us with the apparent intention of sending us to Davy Jones' locker on limited time. Unfortunately, they did not count on us having any guns on board, or if they knew it they forgot it for the moment and on they came. Well. I must say that I was somewhat s--prised that Lieutenant Powelson did not order me to pull the trigger at once, but he ,s a cool, level- headed fellow, and he held his fire until they came w. hm direct range, and I tell you when he gave the word I did most certainly pull, and when the five-inch shell left the nozzle she was o.,t for trouble ''They had opened their throttle twenty-seven knots and had ready a torpedo to launch as soon as they reached the proper place, but they never reached it. Our five-inch shell met them on the way. and there were three dead Spaniards on the destroyer-a chief engineer and a first and second assistant-minus heads, legs and arms. As soon as the cruiser saw the tor- pedo boat making for refuge it turned tail and did the same, and it was fortunate that It d,d, for we would have given it some of the same prescription, and it would have found it rather unpleasant to take. " When they came out they both had the largest flags they could get fly- ing and to show them that we could do as well at display as they could we Just raised our twenty-six foot one. They claim they had some French gun- ners at Porto Rico and I don't know just how true it is, but whatever they were they di.l not know much about their business, for they could not hit withm two hundred yards of us." ^ ^^ Lieutenant Neville, already mentioned, related as follows his part in the " I had ten men and Lieutenant Shaw had as many. We went out to- gether to beat up the ene,. y and separated about a mile from camp, intending to beat back by different ways. Soon I began to hear the cuckoos sing. The v ca led from all directions. I had heard th-.t this was the war call of the Guer- rillas, and so was on the watch for enemies. But no man showed himself and at 5.30 o'clock we formed a vedette and began eating a light supper " Suddenly there was a volley from the mountains. My coat and hat were torn off. and without waiting to pick them up. I pushed nVht in -ith mv men, going toward the direction of the firing. They kept popping away and iking^us. They d of course we LIS pigs, and we ihow them that It intention of ately, they did they forgot it vas somewhat the trigger at ntil they came most certainly trouble. had ready a ut they never re were three t and second ■ saw the tor- was fortunate -iption, and it :ould get fly- ley could we French gun- 'hatever they ould not hit s part in the went out to- ip, intendinp- sing. Thi\ of the guer- himself and •er. oat and hat ; in with my ig away and i ■ i 'i t H^^^H^^v V HfT-H^I , ■ iu • 1 ,■■' 'H wM ■ ' j ■ M , s 1- ti -■■f^- -•'51 *■ I# *^W' 'S.^l ^C#l / 1 f ^ to CO s < CO j: H C UJ i CO CO CO I z 3 o w a. < CO li o < u. O < o o c Hi o z 3 Z o o: O < o a o P K Z < X K cc O . z < S lu •- I ^ CO < -■ «««„ '^^•'OR-QENERALW. R.6HAFTER COMMANDER OF OOR ARMY ,N THE SANTIAGO CAMPAIGN V I m o CO cc w u CO Hi tu (3 I (- z < CO LIEUTENANT RICHARD WAINWRIGHT COMMANDER OF THE GLOUCESTER fNSIGN WORTH BAGLEY KILLED ON THE VINSLOW IN CARDENAS HARBOR COPVRir.WT laaq «" -c- -^ . . .-so, a. GEO. r-. BUFFHAIt LIEUTENANT VICTOR BLUE FAMOUS FOR SCOUTING SERVICE AT «ANT,aQO COPVRIQHT, 1898, av"aEOrR'.' BUFFH*r ENSIGN JOSEPH W. POWELL SENT TO RESCUE H0B80N AND HIS MEN 11 1 I'i CO UJ 0) a. O X MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH WHEELEr^"' ""' " '^ "• """ Commander of the Cavalry Division of General Shafteb-s Army 5 :': 1 i ! ,.-m€Z' \/y r?^^S^^^"-»- •> ^^ •«t r^^-**- ,' ■^>*^ ^j0M^i ii^;>^^.a..lL]t gwgiijgw ji »i nag"- mill iiiiUri ■■X^"»SHi^tt,5^. 5*'.*«^*..-^'fe.'Si jtTH*»,.»|l*!!<^? <."«>'■ -W'-ji**^'^nnirTTf"T'W;*^- ';^^^©'^ 3i*-...„*4s*, >N, \ 1 ^-^:^ *i/ ^^:;^«^ SHIPS OF^BN NAVY 5. BENNINGTOl DOT^E 15. BALTJ [INNATl 'TtEXaI' ''Tlufr.J- ^"^^^-^^TON 10. MINNEAPOLIS >NAn 17. TEXAS 18. ERICSSON 19. OREGON 20. KATAHDIN MAJOR-QENERAL HAMILTON S. HAWKINS Kero of the Famous Charge at San Juan COPVBIQMT. X%m. By Ma, n, anruwrtty^ M COLONEL THEODORE ROOSEVELT Celebrated CoMMANOtR of the Rough Riders BRIGADIER-GENERAL LEONARD WOOD MILITARV OOVERNOR OF SANTIAGO THE BATTLE OF SAN JUAN-HtLU UP AT THE CORNER KNOWN AS "BLOODY ANGLE" ^'^^'^^^ MAJOR-QENERAl, H. W. UAWTON FIRST BATTLES ON CUBAN SOIL. 97 we cut loose at them. This went on fur t..,^^* ■ . ■, d, op. Others thai we saw uTml hid ^irn'^T" ""■ I ''"' '"" ^P'"'^^''-" ,>.ou. «.=. bodta, so it was h::d't lis^gTi tiTfrir^ ^i '™'''=^ N,ght Shu. ,•„ while we were still popping IZy ZnTtnT^Tr'"- Sergeant Smith a lookout station while I went on a iTl ^''^ ' «"" k,lled and dreadfully mutilated, while I ZlZt. '"'°"''°'^'"'- «= "- Had to Leave ^Smith's Body we picked up^s.ith. bi^ a^dt ■:dTtra:d*r:r''Thr'=r:i along * narrow path, and from either side of l, Z. V i '^' "">' '^"^ I ordered my men to drop the bo^ and to g c ar'^r"tT"' "," °° "' they did in about ten minutes Spaniards, which deutfy been shot bTsome of r ""'' """■ '^''■'"' ""="■ "ho had evi- .ornW we '^^T^ Z^T'^^' Zft^t^TV"'' cuckoos began to sing a»ain and I „ J , ■ '' daybreak the we were completely surroui^d^d p^ T,T ^""'"'"' ^'"'''' "^o »=« reinforcements^ame from the clp '""' ^'■°''"''' =>"<• ^''-'-atoe Guan^'imoX' t^^t'cubartr^'r *'" '^"'= <•" *' *°- °f graves of the me^ who ^ re ^1"^:.;"- ^ -'■.'"" '"""■'' "' ""= Spain. They were buried !L.fi u ' '""'-<^Sh "^-'ooked no tithe of ,h< the voice of the d,aX„ * ' ""^'"« ""^ ^P"""* »""* -- clear abov. in «S:.h\"llrbt^^nrg!srt ofT:,:;r^';°:r^^'- ^""p-" were borne from a tent in wSfl, °' ff*"' '""'=<' '» b«tle, the bodies n.ade it deep, because tl.^trtha,'^^^^ \'° ' """^ ""« ''>' """ "b" their comrades to the h, J, ! ^ . wittmer wrote: "The harbor of laden lith stole TZd be IT TZ '\t'7 °" ''"" ''^=-- bottled up and corked up" "''^' *= ^P""'^'' ""'"-i" be at than^::: nr r.*^ Tortr on'ir tv- "■■="^"""' "°''-' .heu, one .an went^a^ :'::Z:;^:t:^r ''' ""'"-'■ '''■'- navaUnnatwT/mllMr,"""':^",''"'''™ ™'' ^= '-*«»-' ■" at-ams „f »,".;..,"?' Montague of Brooklyn. 29 years old, chief „„ster. gunner's mate on\;e'NewY "J? cZ'^'J' ^"" '"''• "^ Lowell, Mass., Mew York ; J. C. Murphy.coxswain of the Iowa; Osbora 99 lOO HOBSON'S DARING DEED Deignan, 24 years old, coxswain of the Merrimac; John F. Pliilipg, 36 years old, of Boston, machini':t on the Merrimac; Francis Kelly, 35 years, of Glas- gow, Scotland, a vater ten i ■ , ind R. Clausen, coxswain of the New York who went without orders. Th,: Merrimac had on beard six huidred tons of 'coal The plan had been well Aou-ht out by Lieutenant Hobson, and every detail had been foroseen. Sitting in his cabin on the flagship just before leaving on his perilous trip, Hobson sai ( : "I shall go right into the harbor iintil aboat four hundred yards past the Kstrella bnrtery, which is behind Morro Castle. I do not think they can sink .ne before i reach somewhere near that point. The Merrimac has seven HARBOR AND FORTIFICATIONS OF SANTIAGO The star shows where the Merrimac was sunk. thousand tons buoyancy, and I shall keep her full speed ahead. She can make about ten knots. " When the narrowest part of the channel is reached I shall put her helm hard aport, stop the engines, drop the anchors, open the sea connections touch off the torpedoes and leave the Mcrr-mac a wreck, lying athwart the channel, which is not as broad as the Mer c; is long. "There are ten 8-inch improvised tor-A :iwjs below the water line on the Merrin: s port side. They are ^'arr:., ,iher side against the bulkheads andvit. . )ots, connected with eac': nhu by a wire under the ship's keel. Each torpedo contains eighty-two po^ : h of gunpowder. Each torpedo is also connected with the bridge, and ihtv sh.-,uld do their work in a minute, and it will be quick work even if done in c . nnute and a quarter. " On deck there will be four men am , .eh'. In the engine room there will be two other men. This is the total crew and us be m our i. She can .-■4 HOBSONS DARING DEED. loi underclothing, with revolvers and ammunition in the watertight packing strapped around our wa.sts. Forward there will be a man on deck, and around h.s wa.st w.ll be a Ime. the other end of the line being made fait to the bridge, where I will stand. "By that man's side will be an axe. When I stop the engines I shall jerk th>s cord, and he will thus get the signal to cut the lashing which will be holdmg the forward anchor. He will then jump overboard and swim to the four-oared dmgy wh.ch we shall tow astern. The dingy is full of life buoys, and ,s unsmkable. In it are rifles. It is to be held by two ropes one made fast at her bow, and one at her stern. The first man to reach her' w.ll haul m the tow Ime, and pull the dingy out to starboard. The next to leave the sh.p are the rest of the crew. The quartermaster at the wheel w 1 1 not leave unt.l after havmg put it hard aport, and lashed it so; he will then jump overboard. "Down below the man at the reversing gear will stop the engines scramble on deck, and get over the side as quickly as possible "The "lan m the engine room will break open the sea connections with a sledge hammer, and will follow his leader into the water. This last steo msures the sinking of the Merrimac, whether the torpedoes work or not By th,s time I calculate the six men will be in the dingy, and the Mer- r.mac w.ll have swung athwart the channel to the full length of her three "cut loot ' "''^' "■" '^^^ '^^" P^'^ °"' ^^f'- *h^ -c^ors "Then all that is left for me is to touch the button. I shall stanH nn the starboard side of the bridge. The explosion will throw IrulnZc on her starboard side. Nothing on this side of New York city ^iH be ab to raise her after that." ' ^° Ready to Meet Death. Hobir rnrnir- °" °' '''- ''-' ' " ■-'-' ^ --^p-^- °^ ^^• "I suppose the Estrella batterjr will fire down on us a bit. but the shins W.11 throw the.r searchlights in the gunners' faces, and they won't see much of us. Then .f we are torpedoed, we should even then be able to make the desired position in the channel. It won't be so easy to hit us and^I th nl^ Lr:, ^^But I'd^ T ':r^ " ''- ''-^- ' ^^^^ ^"^- '- blown up. But I don t see that it makes much difference what I do I have .. air chance of life either way^ If our dingy gets shot to pieces we sha, tner .nt „I1 hazards. Then, we may be able to make our way alongside and perhaps get back to the ship. We shall fight the sentries or a squad 103 HOBSON'S DARING DEED. until the last, and we shall only surrender to overwhelming numbers and our surrender w.ll only take place as a last and almost uncontemplated Ler ycucy. Just before the Merrimac started on her last desperate run she was ha,led by one of the newspaper boats. Hobson's last words to The cor^ we arfd:ro'l"hraro'„.tet„-':- - P>='"— -" -ow While the correspondents were on the bridee of thp lVr*rr.-,«o officer from the Marblehead came aboard on busLs. Is^Tft^saTi Shall we send you fellows over some breakfast? We would l^c del ehte7 and can do it just as well as not " aeiignted, It was a trivial incident, but coming from a man doomed to almost cer tain death, it seemed to add the last touch of the pathetic to a s tuat on hear ' breaking enough in itself. '•"tuation neart-. Had an Ovation on Their Heturn. Mr Hobson, after accomplishing the task he had chosen-and that it was well done was proven by the fact that the Spanish ships were prevented from navigating the narrow channel at night, when the chance to escape was better-was captured by Admiral Cervera himself, who came out in aTauLh for inspection. Hobson's experience is best told by Hobson and his men upon their return to the American fleet earlv in T,,!,. .1 .u exchanged. Their return through the lm^e^L'"li et':tht7d Then zr:::::;^:^::r °^"^"' ^-^^ - '-- ^" ^'- -^^'^ history ^r.^: Immediately after making his report to Admiral Sampson upon his release by the Spaniards on July 7. Hobson described his expbit thus We have been th.rty-three days in a Spanish prison, and the more I think about ,t the more marvellous it seems that we are alive " It was about three o'clock in the morning when the Merrimac entered the narrow channel and steamed in under the guns of Morro C^.l tT stillness of death prevailed. It was so dark tha^ we could scarce v" Tf' headland. We had planned to drop our starboard anchc'lra cetinTl: HOBSON'S DARING DEED. 103 ■' Sh^ '^" ctee up under the stern of the Merrimar and (ired .several shots from what seemed to be 3-pounder guns. The Merrimac's rudde'was ca r,ed^awayby th,s fire. That is why the collier was not sunk across the " We did not discover the loss of the rudder until Mumhv racf u We then found that the Merrimac would not answerto th. h ^ . ' con.pelled to n.ake the best of the situati^ The run p tL TCne^ " very exciting. The picket boat had given the ala! nLn ""'' ^z^:::^'^- *= ^'■"-- °<."-- -t rs^ Lzrwi';: bl.ng and could feel the ship tremble. We were runnfng without lilsTd" only the darkness saved us from utter destruction. When the shfn ^ the desired position and we found that the rudder waslne I called^ '" Collier Almost Rent Asunder. "At the same moment two torpedoes firpH h„ fi,^ d • «» struck the Merrimac amidships. I canno^'ay w! '. 'L^::: exr "' or the Spanish torpedoes did the work, but the Merr mac wal liftS o 7 r the water and almost rent asunder. As she settled down welcramb ed board and cut away the catamaran. A great cheerTnf r I 7"' and war ships as the hold of the colher founde ed tie Sna'n T IJ' "'' that the Merrimac was an American ship. ' ^^"'"^'^' ''^'"'^'"^ " We attempted to get out of the harbor in the catamaran hnf a . t:de was running, and daylight found us still strugg^^n^ "the wa r Thef for the first time the Spaniards saw us, and a boaf from he Re.^f M ^ p.cked us up. It then was shortly after five o'clock T the ^ f"" had been in the water more than an hour We tte taken ZZVl "' 104 HOBSONS DARING DEED. nois^ they made when they ..truck but I iudtreH fr^rr, *u guards that the shells did Lnsiderkble damagi -"versation of the ' After this bombardment Mr. Rauisden tht- Rr,>i<.K r and we were removed t , ,"^''^"'/'^'- British Consul, protested, men in our ucw and could o^i-fr" J l "^^^ '^P^rated from the other the launch supposed. I headed fa« ,m« i . f ' ''""«" '^o"' '' '" for.,,st,aigh.T„. The„c:,e"efiri„ri.wa° ZdTT '"" "Z"""'' one side of the harbor and then from rte o Jer %Zlt7 °"' ""' '""" Mb. the Vizcaya, lying inside the harbor i„"n * *"" °" " - I'ide Drifted Her Around n-acCir!^ tr.et:ir sir f. """^ ""=" *= "-» °f •■■^ >«-■■ (, wa.s teiegrai 'd, and soldiers ned the foot rf th^ ^i;a- c ■ wildly across and killing each other with the cro s fire Thl M '? steermg gear broke as she got to Estrella Point. Onl three 1^ he t'^T^ on h. side . :pi, ded when I - ouched th. button A hu.T K ^'^'''°" caught her full amidships, hun ag the water h gh - tt ^r^andl^ " " rent in the Merrimac's side ^ " ^"'^ '^^""E^ ** g'-^at .he :i„"e^:i:eXr.r" ":,'";! 'ir* 'r" 7"^ "> *- "-- ^--^y butbeforesh.J.,ed.h .e' «d ht'at d. W^w"'! rMyi^r^h'' ct*.e t in-^hrMel^rre^^h"- '"-' ^''^'^'^^^^ and minutes became hours of susneL T-f ■ ''"'"' '""^^ <"'■="" «. n.u. „e .here .1,1 ':;^h TrdTher^ZanT't^:?^'''''^' Of the men lying ith his for. .,h,.d ^o -^^ --l • ^ ^ ^^'^ °*^^'" fa -_ . -„_a .0 .... «^k ana vi jndering whether the 'crsation of the HOBSON'S DARING DEED. 105 next shell would not come our way would sav ■ H,h„.* l now. si.-?' but I said. • Wait till d!yhght It woufd ha T '"" ^^'^^ "'^ get ,he catamaran anywhere but c;^. ^o ihe ho re w her" th"" 'T"'"^ ^° shooting, and I hoped that by daylight we mil 1^ '^^•^°'^'^•^« ^t"«'' The grand old Merrimac kept sink'n^ I J ^^\ '''^coBn.zcd and saved, damage done there, where near valUh. I .■ ° ^° ^°^^^^' ^"^ «^^ ^^e .. I rose it would d.w allthr 'e o IltT nirmot-^T '"^" '''' '''' "Itwassn! HiVl fi, .1 "• "^^^^^ *'° ^ '^X motionless. Merrimac's deck, the ca.a"ar,! !« ^ T^!" ""•' ~'" ''"" "P ■>" «1>^' .nade fas, ,„ ,he booll^ZT^^^t ^f T,rf'''' '"' " ""'^ »'"' heads only being abov^ water ^ "" "''=" ""'' ='""£ °". °>"- her and^!^'t;r tirr,:''.H'''\''"'™^'- ^^ 'S-^- '» -P'"- ■nanne, j„™pi, „, and po^d' :=/ fflefarot beTdri-^j" ""'^ =■ ""^^ water. " ^^ °"'^ "«aas stickmg out of the Captured by Oervera warr I sh?ut:7 tTidVa'rw" "rT \^"^^^"^^^ °^ p^'-"-« °' hand. It was Adnnral Cerve" The m 7 ''' '""'"^ ^"^ "^^^ ^'« were helped into the launch ' ^^"""'^ '^'''' "«^«' -"^ we " Then we were put in cells in Morro Castle Tf Fiummywmdowl could <5^p fl,» ""''pitai. see these poor lads moving acrossT „„ '""",', "°«' ""'' " ""^ '""'>l= to iards in the rifle pits rfront of l''" " '""^ ''"'"'""''>' «■"=«?»"- :^^0M.x^ What wo™ O t r:^ e . C/ ^^ "' '°'"'='' "^"' *-^" — keen expeeted, M, R^^l ^hlTvl ''*"' '""' ''^"" »- ""sl-t h.ve his effoiis ,0 secure coLTrtS; Hobso'' IT' =" ^''"''"^''' "^^ ««'=- - no.hn,g about .he destruclrorCe I "s „::,"""•, ?° ^°""^' ''='° ^ " "ne. He c„uld not understand , Us ;;orsedexcep;;'af""'"' "'^' '""■^ overjoyed ,,> learn the news that his h '"'■=^'"""> pron.otio,,, but was people. He was the ^Z 2%'l':Z7,'V"" "''''"'■'■"' "^ '"= ant^iV-..- a.- t .1 , "P"=. unanected. enthus'^cf.v tr-u--,^ -n^io,:- .utaiK about the effect of ,>vr^I^^• l '„ ' Hobaun, more -is own brave de«,. AU XZ^tl':':^':::! army -vements than were reicaicd and returned to the 1U6 HOBSONS DARFNG UKFCD. I t Wican line, with him, and all were c„,hu„as.,c over ,l,eir ga||a„, y„„„g "Ui^h", ""Tr Z T'" '^" "■''" ""''■■'<'" '"" lived," said John Kcllv If .had no. .b==" fo' h,m .vuHer, would have gone much har.lcr wi.h uh"' -imni ■ '"l ^. r '^'""'P'' ='"■"'"'■' i". " 1"= i» a wonderful ,nan , i, ..mply a imraele that all „f u, escaped without injury. When the Merri , ran ,n,o the harbor Hobson .stood on the bridge, sLlng aT "old .Z",' h.s gla.„e.,, and saw how well we were nroeressine He J™, .In'' headed stra„l,t toward the channel, and neL fa^ Zfwh " bu ts nd'sS; came fa^^mg all about him. And later on, when we were t ken aboard 'le Rana Mercdes, dre.ssed only in wet underwear, which we had cut oR a1 linees, Hobson, as calm as ever, walked nn to the commander of ,L^ , vessel, saluted hin, and sa,d, • I demand whiske; for mrnl wl h .vrbee ' long exposed in the water.' ^ ' '' °^^" • Officers Beat Privates. "During the first bombardment of Morro" saiH Ra„^^i u /-, another of the heroic band, ..the Spanish guri^e^^^l^Mfrin^rn to nrtercede for a cessation of the American fire. When the lon^, h fll captured I saw Spanish officers beat the guards and warn them 1, f, cowardice before •American pigs.' ■' ^ ""' '" "''"^ MleH°r° °! "" *r"'* ^"'■"^ '"''' ""•''" *a« the Spanish gunners had M rrtma '"'He"" nT::?''.'''':'^-""^" "' '"''' -" """ "> '"g on , at t.n.es, .no udmg meat, which cost seventy-five cents a pound sion. h t""' "f'"^ °" "°'''°" °"'^^' *"^ his sailors on several occa s.ons brought meat and other food to the Mcrrimac's crew. st.H- M ''wr'^;''^'' ''"' ''^" ^"'' '""" *« ^^'^ Lieutenant Mob.son before his too. a short sleep for aL hour:, wh^Jas "^ t^ ru'^LT'Tt '^^T wThaTa tti:"l' Z'' \r:' '■"^P^'''^"- ^'■^'■"^ '^'^ last m^'uctiot.'''-^, : "clod I -11 '''°" "^^ "^ '^^'^^ ^^ '^ «ber. Abf..t . ,. o Clock I cook the men who were not gong on the trip into the launch, "and t'ir gallant young said John Kelly, lardcr with us." irful man. It is ;n the Mcrriinac : looked through kept the collier •ullcts and shells aken aboard the dd cut off at the r of the Spanish who have been ■e sent to Morro signs intimating dolph Clausen, Mcrrimac men aanish fleet was :m not to show ih gunners had in firing on the jnded and sick f the time they lem extra food I several occa- 'son before his during its per- enant Hobson ■ At 1,45 he ctions. Then About 2. ■?Q ic launch, and HOBSONS DARING DEED. started for the Texas, the nearest shi,. 1.. . i . .».s.a„. engineer,, wh„n, Hobrja^fi 'a '" '° f. '^"^ '"' ""' "' ">= •• I .hook hand. wul. H„h,„„ Z,To, T'T 't,'"""' the boaf, cre>. when we p„„ „„, „f „ "LI ' ^^ '?,"'/ ' ^'""^"- ""'=1' thirty strokes to the minute.' After lla v, t ,h, T , '"' ""='" '"""'K ...an,i„, slowly in. It wa, only "riy dark LTTI '^Z ""^ ''"'"""' visibl. We followed about thre'e,nar^?rof'r:st,'" "°'' ^'' ^""^ The Merrnnac stood about a miin f^ .i seemed a bit mixed, turning compl'Jy told ' TTt °' ^'" '^^^'^^ -- ■she ran down and then turned^ Ve ^t tlf '" "^ ^"''^^^^ thought Jlobson had lost his bearings wTa! 1 l" ''""^ ^''' ^''''''' ' from thc^harbor the first gun was fir/d ronY ^ ^Z^'^f''^''' '^ ^-^''^ a mile offshore, close under the batteries Th T ^'^ '^^''^ ^''^•" half steamed in slowly and lost sight of the Merrimac in ".h "'"T"^ '^^'"^^y- ^^« carried off shore. It hung heavily ^^' '"""^^ ^^'^^^ the wind ^ Hours of Anxious Watching. shots. We ran in still closer to'helhoreld tT "' "' """'" ^'^^^ ^^e Then we heard the explosion of the torpedoeT X ^T""' '""^^ "'«'" "^ - light we waited just outside th breakers , If' f "'"''• ^"^" ^^V" Morro, keeping a bright lookout fo thTboa ' 7 '" *'^ "^'■^'^•'^^^ '^ nothing. Hobson had arranged to Let us at thlt Tk"""" '"^ ^^'^ some one might have drifted out we crossed r P°'"'' ^"' thinking that mouth of the harbor to the eastwa;d '" '^'°"' °^ ^"""^ ^'^^ -t the " About five o'clock we crossed th^ u u and stood to the westward iTpa^^^^^^ sticking out of the water. VVe huiLed ^he Th °"' "^''' °^ '^^ ^^'•'""ac amile and then tu.ned towards^ T 'xas r^l^f '''^ ^'^ ^^^"^'^-^ opened fire. It .as then broad TyliSr Tht'fi" ?\'^"-'" «- "s and frty yards astern, but the other s o'^^tent wdd I H °' 'T' '''''''' °"'^ she was worth, finally making the New York Th TJ^'^ '"""^'^ ^°' «'' Commodore Schley paid this trZltnl, K ""'" ^''^'"^^ ^Plendidly.' does not record an act of'fi„er/c^t?th°^ u"' '''^ -en:"H,sto'y prisoners over there. I watched t'^r: fa? V'' ^!,"^"^ "^^" ^^^ -' entrance of the harbor, and my heartsank T" s. t" """f' ^''' "^^^ ^° ^^e ell upon those devoted men. ^ did n'fthink t 1?"'"^ '^" ^''^^ ^^^'^ havp oQn« fu^_,.^i •, ,. " ""' t"'nk it possib e nne of fh-. i > 'i.- j,j.i. rnriHjgn it alive. " " ~ ^' tjictii could 108 HOBSONS DARING DEED. •'P he means of defence which the Light Brigade had. Hobson led a forlorn hope Without the power to cut his way out. But fortune once more favored the brave, and hope he will have the recognition and promotion he deserves H.S name will live as long as the heroes of the world are remembered." ' Admiral Sampson's Praise. Admiral Sampson's official report of the occurrence said it was the most darmg deed since Gushing blew up the Albemarle. In the course of this report, the Admiral said : "United States Flagship New York, "Off Santiago^ June 2^, 1898. " P^'''"'^ "^e to call your special attention to Assistant Naval Constructor Hobson. As stated in a special telegram, before coming here I decided to make the harbor entrance secure against the possibility of egress by Spanish ships by obstructing the narrow part of the entrance by sinking a collier at that point. Uuon calling upon Mr. Hobson for his professional opinion as to a sure method of sinking the ship, he manifested the most lively interest m the problem After several days' consideration he presented a solution which he considered would insure the immediate sinking of the ship when she reached the desired point in the channel. "This plan we prepared for execution when we reached Santiago The plan contemplated a crew of only seven men, and Mr. Hobson beggeJ chat it might be entrusted to him. The anchor chains were arranged on deck for both the anchors, forward and aft, the plan including the anchoring of the ship almost automatically. •• As soon as I reached Santiago and I had the collier to work upon the details were completed, and diligently prosecuted, hoping to complete them m one day, as tue moon and tide served best the first night after our arrival Notwithstanding every effort, the hour of four o'clock in the morning arrived' and the preparation was scarcely completed. After a careful inspection of the final preparations I was forced to relinquish the plan for that morning as dawn was breaking. Mr. Hobson begged to try it at all hazards. " This morning proved more propitious, as a prompt start could be made Nothing could have been more gallantly executed. We waited impatiently after the firing by the Spanish had ceased. When they did not reappear fron- the harbor at six o'clock I feared that they had all perished. A steam launch which had been sent in charge of Naval Cadet Powell, to rescue the men appeared at this time, coming out under a persistent fire of the batt-ries but brought none jDf the crew. A careful inspection of the harbor from this ship showed that t..e vessel Mcrrimac had been sunk in the channel. HOBSON'S DARING DEED. 109 "This afternoon the chief of staff of Ar!m;.-,i r in an unusual manner. ^ bravery of the crew Most Daring Deed since Oushing's. " I cannot, myself, too earnestly express my aporeciation nf f^« ^ of Mr. Hobson and his gallant crew T „.n. ^^^PP'^^'^f *'°" of the conduct Hobson and his companions. rcwara to Mr. "I must add that Commander J. M. Miller rHinn„;ci,»^ u- with the very greatest reluctance, believinrhe should ret V '°""'"' under all circumstances. He was however fin.tl ? ^" command of another person to carry outlh^rul^j'^rinirhl^^^ preparation by Mr. Hobson might endanger their pr^pt execution ''" '" ^^ President McKinley took oromot arfmn u .ion ,o Congress, in whfch he embXd Adn,ira" S^^ ' '^f' -^-"-ica- Hobson and recommended promotion fof.h? ^'""P^o" J letter, eulogized on the Merrimac, and also for Taval Cadet P ■!. "T ""' "'* ■"■" n.a„ded the launch,-designed o relcle tht „ ' "'"' '° «'""""'' ^''"- completed their task Hobt^was .ra„fcrred "3.7^"' ""'" *=^ "^^ to the h-ne of the Navy ; Powel, was madfa En' ," 'a'd Srofthe m" '""^ given increased pay and higher rank. "'^" '^^''^ Mr. Hobson showed himself as rparlir fr>.. ^.^, • . Scarcely had he made hi, reoort to Adl , r"^'""°' '" P""^"' '» ™^- attention to the saving o™Tof?hewrecTdr"^"''" *" """'' ""' was the opinion of most of his s^petr officers thSTone^oTtr' ''''"".f '* raised. He so won on .he author ties howeveT th!j h. ' '°'"'' *>' s«!. with various wrecking companie and dev L ^^ly , aTd ^ "T '° '""- sunken cruisers. ^ ^"° "^^^"^ t<^ faise the - He was given an ovation in every northern ritv tli^f h^ • ^ ^ , n^ohs of cheering men waited for him in NeTYornnI R T .';""^'"'' ^^.ebene.;;;r^rj^;z^r:x- no HOBSONS DARING DEED. 'i I politan Opera House have such a wildly enthusiastic rmw^ w '.incHytud!b"l":et" roftt^'*™^^ "^"'^ voice, that was dis. the Hste„e„ .ee.ed aCuaUy .0 ,,ee .he .i^nret'S e^ rhe tcri^""' Lieutenant Hobson's Sneech bund,„^ fo. His voice was deep. .coLrafd^rHellL";- °' '"^ '"^ Won t you now give us 'Yankee Doodle ?' " he continued •_ " ^^"^ ^^"^ ^^^ ^^^'^hed the air "And now, when the deck is turned over to me and I ,m ti j to use words and words i„ abundance I feeT thrrT!' ? "P"" (Applause.) I n,ust confess, howter '.L k ew that' I Th " mT° ■"^■ unknown sea when I consented to appear here o nth But , "t '" and more cheers.) ^ ' '''°"- ^"" ^"^"^ '"^^ them I' caus;';t;;e"i:;iSt\rrsc:'";;,'"„rs*,': n-L^r,,*'",:!' ■"-" HOBSON'S DARING DEED. the Naval Academy. One cf the cadets vTr T"' '^^^^'^^ '^'^^ -^^-ng the old Constellation-I think the shin - '" "'"'"^ °"' '°" ^'' ^^"^ fro. the .ho.e. I was on deck nd saw Z\: \ ^^^"^"^^^^^^ '^^ ^ -'^ There was a call for a boat, but bel eTt wasTj d "' ^°" ''''' ^^^>'- board to the rescue without a though tL" Zh ' T"'"' """' °-'- more from the boom, others from the quarter Tf'' "^"^ ^""^her went, then bridge. Then the officer in command h.H;' '" u '''" ""'^''^ ^'^^ ^i^<^ men jump overboard!- (ApplausT.) ^"' order.-'No more " I had seen the same kind of a tUnr. ■ t. been called away while the saL oW ci",? f-^^^ ^^'^- ^ h'feboat had before the wind with close reefed tpsa" o °v"" ""'"^ ^ -""'"& wind to n,ake a lee, so as not to have the IT k ^^^ ^"^ *° ^'"'"^ *° ^° ^^e overboard was a dear classmat of mTe who td'V^^ '" T^^' ^^^ "- yard, we thought lifeless. ' ^'""^ '^''"PP^^ ^o^ the topsail " As the boat was called awav th^ o^ the whole crew were swept out of the ZJ^l 'T'"^ ^'^^' ""'^ ''"'^^^"^y one man in the sea, but se'ven me„ w's Tc ''" "" '' "^^ "" ^^S- lifeboat ? No. No need to give the o^dL t T''' '" ''" ^"^^^ "''^ <^^her The boat was lowered without hesLatio" Th '''' "^" '" ^''^ P^^-- acquaintance with what we call ' Jackies '-the sailoT '""''''"'"'°" '° ""^ ^''' A number of years nasc^ri o« i these first impressions. If I ' ,1^^'' ""'""' '"^°"'^*'°" -"^^^^ seriously^-" here the speak .prusedaTiYVVr/''^'-^ "^^" ^^ -- express himself upon wha^ all knew abo"t ^ °' """^ ^' ^^^'^^ *° Then he braced himself and contirurd:- '^" ^"'^ °" '^^ ^^^^ac. Jackie Played His Part WeU p-wifis ;:::t::rr i!:'\:„?"V" *'" ^--'^ '''^>'=<' ".> for volunteer,, ,o go on .he Me 1, ^""f ' "''■^ «>e cal, was nade applause _■• that literally the nyJfT^ '""' "™'= <■'"'''='' ^ ^t"™ or or*r was passed that no ,„ore volunteers IZ "eded ^T T '^'■°" ""= When the few out of fh.o „ l , "^"'^ "eeded. (Applause.) Merrimac, the dir c^ta we^ rtT,o» l T ^ ""''"" '» ^'»«°- - '"e feir faces, to others to stand by the Inch "T'" """'=" '<> "<' "« <"' and (here were ,„,. i„ ,.''"" ."^^^'''^ ^"'"""-e^ar, and others by the tor„ed„„ *°"Id pay any atte-ntio^t Z fire^I eX'^"""" ""= '"" "° ™" 112 Ji :s HOBSON'S DARING DEED. I' It was agreed and understood by all that no one should look ov.r hu shoulder to see where the projectiles came from f. . ^'* paid to them. It was unders ood tha "f woun"^!H "°f"^"*-" ^^ '^ "e paid to it; that the man should XceL-Tin a sit.' f," ^'°"^' '^ ^^, . that When the .,z J:i:l:::^T^-%z z nections had been shot away. When the steeinT 'ul u''^ '^''' '°"' the starboard quarter and we began to sink, and the anchor had been carrtd ally the fire of the enemy made the deck tremble, and the plunging fire from 3P«s.d)-.hen .he si.np.e order w. .iven, • ^: Tn ™<::;^,r^'r; Not a Man Quailed. " If there ever was a condition when the orincinle nf'^^.r, .„ r l- A kw moments later," continued the young orator for luchhtZ' ^cTatlmaTIn 'rdTh'^' "^'^"^ ^^'"^ ^^"^ ^^ i-^ wl^c ngtgt the catamaran and the enemy's boats came peering about with their lante-n ordel r"" "*"" *" "■""''= ""'". "•" «'>'-■ ■ No man move till further o„„.11a '(Set.T"" '" '""' "'"° "" ^*°°''' ""'■^ °"' "^ *™ -l^- „e« T,'r' ""f "*'^""'°"-*'= S'xne afternoon of the sinking-by ,he kind ness of th. gallant commander of the Spanish forces-Adm.vJ r (8Te,.. applauseMhe efct, of the ,ailors Lre br!:X f.lt:"'..,!;r.""^^^^ a flag of truce, the ch.ef of .staff allowed one of «,« m^ ^ com;overto ™y«lc i ^(r J look over hi> ition was to be ion should be -eling— in any perform his il the duty of ith their con- en shot away, e men quietly s.) assembled at »e from under 1 been carried had remained :es, and actu- fing fire from it was a ques- 1 — (applause, e till further nan for him- hat moment. wildly again the Jackie!" !uch his de- ■ clinging to eir lanterns pulse to get till further f them self- y the kind- Cervera — HOBSON-S DARING DEED. ^g and this man. who was the spokesman of the othc rs ..M • Tu over again to-night, sir ! ' (Tremendous cheerLg ) ^^ """"'^ '^^ '' " The next day, when there was a reminder of th^ in. • •.• ,io„ f.„.„ the prisons, when it .een.ed to b^lt aTXuhf '" '"'°""'- do, when ,t was unknown whether he had sunk a bI«L 1 "'t'"™y """W or six hundred n,e„, an i„,pertine„, questi"^ was " o .'hr " """*«' officer. One of ,h« men, Chareth, spoke FreLr The S„, .'"7?"' ^' '" a significant sign (the speaker :.:dL.ed ,h i telL' ofa 1 TT^ '"""' sean,en aughed. (Applause.) When the que ^on wfs a ked " Wh"; 'T or .0 ask to know, the o.ect . L ^ie^ trrr.^^I^e^Sora;;,:^) Ready for Any Service. .enls^'^T^t^TellreTe* irTor f """T ="" "^-^ '- little incidents as the condit.on IZ'l^^riZ' Z'^"' '°°', ""^ *- and is ready, to do anything, then I willS Z,, *. "^ """ "^ '=="'>■■ have_a complete idea of the%ailor. (Great applauTe" "" "'"' "' ^°" *'" .nder "i^Ztra.lon*::;'*!"^ '"" ""''^- '^--^ ' -" -'"' ».dier. From my pH.sonTsfntirgoTsLTXrf °' '^ ^"'"'"" ""On' ? f" rr ''"' ^^"'"^ '-e Sptl: "cZrntr"' ""'°'''' .nteres?" it ill: ^^l* V^ p^t! Vf ' "'*="'* "-""- trenches. The AnJican .rops'd d' " .1'' T *''""'"" '"'" "'' trenches of the enemy I saw H,e „„ Tj . '' "'^"' '""= «"= «r>- «- assault. I said, 'Surelyl^t:: Srwilftar it^L""- ,' ^ ''' .t was the enemy's artillery which onened fir/ Jl P' -^"^ '"'*^^d ,^ ' -^.e ..t belch of ,.[ .uns'crrro ^fi :^, tac"^^^^^^^^^^^ ■^^"'^• fa !. fr.en ,t was that the individuality of th. T f ''"'' """" *° PI'T. He had never been under fire--lach m n t^T r'''" ""'^^ '"'° *o. Id .ake him away. Then I notirT^ .t / . ""'"^ '^^ "'^* ^^^P"-' tl.e trenches were won. (App, L ' On'e Z '^f "^ "^''^ ^^^'^ -^' counted six as.saults before the trln\ ''''' '^"""^'"^ ^"^^^er. • artillery. We hr-^d take, thL K ''"''' ^'°"' ''' -^P'^^ ^^ ^he lack ol ^nend^^havenotlg^^th^L^:;:-'""^^'''"^^"^^- ^^^^^^'^ ^"^ "-' With ^^hJ^^rS .': ^:::^ -;^:^- '?"^-- . He t^d of .. interest noticed that they were men who'L^H , ;:;'°""''"' T"^" ^emg exchanged and g y men who had left responsible duties to fight for their 114 HOBSON'S DARING DEED. iU i ''. a handful of citizens, comparativl had Z u i'°"' (^PP'^^^e. ) Only would be ready when the que "^^f tnoT" h' k' ""' ^'^ "^^'^ "^^ion Plause.) He grew more eloqnrptturth , "'^ "" '"^°'^^^- (^P- It IS with the profoundest emotion," he said "th.f T • this beautiful token, so spontaneously offired bv th; ''"'''" '"'^ "^^'^^P* not adequately express n^ apprecia^n d^^^/.^r^rh '""'i ' "- that as long as my career shall mnf.v .u- '^"^"^^- ' have only to say >shed and I shall e'ler recal th occarn'thil' ^^lem shall be dear^. cher' perhaps. I am far away occasir ml ^ ^^^^ °" *^^^*'^"^''^' ^"d when, feel, that the thought o'f th s TeasToT wHl' ° "" ''" ^"°^^' ' ""^^ ^ut country. °^'^"°" ^'^^ '"^p.re ,ts use in honor of my " I have to beg of you that you will rer;,ll th;. • , -that the little incident at the front LT . '""P'^ ""^ ^^^°^"t« fact tions of your sailors at the front Txre '^'^ T'' '''' ^*^^"« ^"^ ^^ndi- that time, and I believe fo ever Lr a^ th " ''""-^ ^^^ '"^ ^^^ ^^at at to perform whatever duty nTy apnea and 7 T" '"' ^'" '^^ ^°""'^ ^'"'"g T • . ,^ -^ "^y appear and at whatever mvt " Lieutenant Hobson Kissed. While the reception was in progress one of th. i, \ m the hotel. Miss Emma Arnold of St t o'- f. handsomest young women took his hand. ' ^- ^°""' aPP'-oached the Lieutenant and "May I kiss you ? " she asked, blushingly. •• You d„„. ,„p,..e , had plate';- ^, ':;' .-."et ^oth::;": "-"r '^^^• --_.j „.,aer iftai icarfui storm (>/■ fire. To me that seemed the greatc HOBSON'S DARING DEED. •St feat of bra\ 116 It i made me proud to think that I was an a1 "' 77 '" '^'' ''^'"^^^ ^^'•- It about the heroism of the men Tho sank'h M ' ''' ''°"^'^^ ^ ^''^' ^-' not sneak away. So you see it was Hobson-s deTr't' '° ^'^ ^^"^'^^ -"''' Mr. Hobson was merely the emb:din:e fof htloL'r^r'"" ''''''"- You understand now, don't you ; I „,ade it perLl/c Tf^rT' ' '"^^•'•"'^d'->- As a consequence of this incident Miss ArnnM k discussed young woman in the newsmpers fo^ f r'T" '^' '""^^ ^'^^■'>' returned to her home to find herself a hH ' "' '"°"^- ^^'^^ Assistant Engineer R K Crank h Merrimac, and as such assisted in t,MZ°Z'^ "^hW engineer on the collier the valuable serv.ce for which she w^a sic d 17 n ""*""" '" P""""' in the Navy Department, at Washingto gvt ^f l" '"f ""^"^ °" '<«y says: ^ ' ^'^^^ -^Of"e interesting details. He Hobson's Cool Announcement " On Wednesday, June i, while the officers of the M at lunch, Assistant Naval Constructor R TZu ^^''''"^^^ ^^ ^''ttrng flagship with the startling announcementth . 1 T." ""^"'^ ^^"^'"'^ ^^^"^ the the Merrimac into the enlanc^ofre L'ne l' ^ "'"' '^' '^^'^^'^ ^° "-- tiago and sink her there. Mr Hollon rn . .'"^ '° '^' ^''^"^^ °f Sa.- arations were immediately begun foputtin^th'' "''"'' ''^ P'^"^' -'^ P-P" " The four transverse bullhelds of tt'^ u " '"'" ^"^^"*'°"- and their positions marked on tht port .^ ' ofT V°"^^^' approximately length of the P.errimac is about suUf herbreadth rl '' ^'^ "''• ^1- as nearly as can be outlined. A lh7e was rnn ^ u °^ '''""' ^'^°"* 44 feet, parallel to the waterline. This hCr p/ rT/d t ^ ^^'^ "^ ^^^ ^^■'P' were run over the rail outside s"PPorted by hoggmg lines ' that -p'oTtrrhrr ;:i^::;;:r^^^^^^^^ -- -.e„ a primer and wire for exploding the charge °^""' ""= "'"■ *"'' ,.ossi.r':ito:. 'were'7e™:r":^hrd ^Th'""' "' ""■ ^ '" - Vou,,« on board and lowered into pol, o" otr .he L":™- ," '""'" ^"^ 1 he Wire for pvnlori.,,., ti ^ "'^ port side. Hatter made read^ ^he fifs 1: "? "T ™" '•"> -'"«'ed and the dry M^anwhi,eo„;;^>s^^:x:t^------::r;eS: been taken aft to the ^vcre starboa ird quar- 116 HOBSON'S DARING DEED. ter and lashed over the rail, read)^ for dropping as soon as the lashings were th. J' ?','*'^l" °'" *'""' ^"'^^^ ''"^ ''""" '^'^''^ **■* f^-^y-fi^^ fathoms, led along tlie deck clear for runnmg. and the chain stopped at the after starboard bitts The starboard bow anchor and chain were also made ready in a similar manner for letfng go. The cargo ports (of which there are two on each side one forward and one aft) were opened. The ship was drawing about sixteen eet of water aft, and there was about three feet freeboard from the .ate t" the lower edge of the cargo ports. ''Below, in the engine room, the nuts holding the bonnets of the main J .on valve and the sea-suction valve of the big fire pump were slacked off ready for mstant removal, and wooden props were wedged into the top of the bonnets so that after the nuts should be taken off one blow with a sleL would knock out the prop and allow, the bonnet to fly off. admitting the sea Arrangements were also made for cutting two smaller pipes leading from the sea to the pumps and donkey boiler. All water-tight doors were T"I ',fu '7^""^ '^ ""^^ P°'''''^^' P''"^'"-^ ^^--^ '^^^^ off f^om the athwart- ship bulkheads to give the water free access to all parts of the ship "All the.se preparations were made with the greatest haste, as it was de.sjred tosend the sh.p in before daybreak of the morning of the 2d. One of the sh.p s lifeboats was to be towed from a line amidships on the starboard side. AH cans containing stores were knocked open. Each Man Had a Post. " The officers and crew, with the exception of Captain Miller, Assi.stant Engmeer Crank. Machinist Phillips. Ordinary Seaman Diegnan a^nd Acting Water Tender Kelly, were sent to the flagship New York. Mr. Hobson of course was to remain aboard to take the ship in. In addition. Coxswain Murphy. Gunner's Mate Charette and Coxswain Montague came aboard in the afternoon from the New York to form part of the crew to take the ship in. The preparations were not completed until nearly daylight. Diegnan was stationed at the wheel. ^gJidn " Boatswain Murphy stood by with an axe to cut the lashings of the starboard quarter anchor; Charette was to explode the charges on signal ' Two signals only were to be sent to the engine room. At the first of these ' Ph. l.ps was to knock out the props from over the bonnets of the sea valves Kelly was to cut the small sea pipes before mentioned. Then Kelly was to run on deck to haul in the lifeboat. At the second signal Phillips was to stop the engines, then run on deck and jump over the starboard side Mr. Hobson wished to creep in and approach the entrance from the HOBSON'S DARING DEED. jjy westward until he could shape his course, as nearly as possible directly for Lstrella Po.nt. He wished to put the bow of the ship 'near this no n' and then swing her across the channel abreast of this point ' K l,"T!." T.u^'^ ""'' "'"" ""°"S^ in his judgment, the bonnets were to be knocked off the sea valves and the engines stopped. The helm was to h^ .put hard to port, and the starboard bow anchor let ^o ThlT M ^he ship across the channel and check her headw ; When he td run' exploded, rhe strong flood fde was relied on to heel the ship to port and ass.s m se„ catch her. This was about half-pa.st two a. v 118 HOBSONS DARING DEKD. The h^g h ^ck hull of t!,e Merrimac could be easily followed from the other sh.ps. At a quarter past three the fus. hot was fired com nrfrnn! one of the guns on the hill to the left (west) of t, . entranc7 tT hi w seen to splash seaward from the Merrimac. having passed o'er her " Ihc firmg became general very soon after, bring esucciaiiv fi,..r. .„^ rap.d fron. the batteries inside, on the left of the h.rbor p^^ot^ /cm batteries on Sm.th Jay. The n.shes and reports w, apparentlth of rap,d-fire guns, ranging from small auton^utic guns tc. . mTo h Lr / fifteen mmutes a perfect fusillade was kept up. Ti.en th^ firfsla kenfd H K half past three had almost ceased. ""»« "re slackened and by " A close watch was kept on the mouth of the harhnr ;„ « ^ . ■ , the steam launch There was a littl . rl. T- " °'^^' *° P'^^ "P w .1.! as a small cove, and then headed for the Te^as Mr pL.« .1 that . No one had come out of the entrance of the harbor ' '"""'^ Almost Ran Aground. " Cadet Powell said that Hobson missed the entrance of the harbor at "Apparently the inner batteries opened fir" lust a^ th^ .«ii- ^ , the bend and was swinging into positiL Vobabiy wh „ sh w s'fi"": ^' by the men at the batteries on Smith Cay' It wis from h s s I ..t , heaviest fire came^ A large number of projectiles whistled over the hl^ The batteries on Estrella Point kept up a very hot fire ^ u.l7^l^ ^^^"^"^ '^''^^"'^ ^°""t«^ «^^'^" explosions which were un doubtedly those of the powder charges under the collier. P Jell rem"ned"n" the entrance as long as he deemed it safe t« do so. No wreck ge or bodi" floated out. everything being swept inside by the strong flood tide tZ emy evidently had a large number of automatic and rapidXe gut fl the" number and rapidity of the shots. ^ ' "" ^'^\ "There was probably no one in the fleet who ^.V4 „^. .x,:„u .,. . „ ' seven o, the .en had perished. In the afternoon, .nch Jo the strp::^'o[ ;d from the lining from le shot was r. ' fierce and y from the ly tho _ of, rger. For led and by to pick up quarter to ' was seen, bor. She o the west n her, but far west- reported harbor at nd. The '"rom the nnel and cross the rounded irst seen that tlie : launch. •'ere un- ained in ■ bodies The en- rom the HOnSONS DARING DEED. 119 every one a tug, flying a flag of truce, was seen coming out of the en- trance The V.xen. fly.ng .. tab.'ccl, th at the fore, went to Let the tu. A iffc» fltht' " ''"' ''"'' ""^ ""'"" '"'" ''' '"^ '"' "^^ ^^'^^•^ '^-"^ We, lourned as Dead. " Not long afterward a s -rnal was n.ade that Murphy, of the Iowa was Tn^rr^'^'Tu- °^ ""• ^^''^"^ '°"'" ^^'"'^'^ ^"«^her signal was .'nade In well • ' """^ ^''''"'" °^ "''■• "^^^ ^''g'^'y ^^""'^^d. "It can b^ ea iily imagined what rdief this signal brought to all hands ^^ ';''>'^^J^^'; " ''"■■"•■"g t*-^ death of all these men. The Spaimh officer' i.d also that the prisoners were confined in Morro Castle. He said further that A< miral Cervera considered the attempt to run in and sink the Merrimac across 'l-e channe as an act of such great bravery and desperate daring that he th ■ Admiral) thought it only proper that our Admiial should be notified of tno safety of these men. " Whatever the motive for sending out the tug with the flag of truce the ^ct was a most graceful one, and one of most chivalrous courtesy The Spanish officer is reported to have said:-' You have made it more difficult but we can still get out.' " ' that ail prise of v.t -^-y ^, .^^^ W K ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 11.25 UilZS |25 JjKi |22 :^ U£ 12.0 u U |i6 Fhotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WfST MAIN STREfT WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^V^^""' ^.^\ '4fS ^' , ^.<^ :^ CHAPTER VII. Admiral Cervera Tells of the Great Naval Battle Near Santiago. N Sunday morning. July 3rd. our watching ships lay rolhng in the easy surges off the entrance of the harbor of Santfaga Their distances from the guarded haven varied from four to six thousand yards, and there, with an unsparing alertness thev cot ir rr' '''''' ^''■^'^ ^" ^°P^^ f-' ''' f-red::rgh never come. However, they were now to wait no longer. Tn 1: ^Tu ^^^^' ^^'^^ ''""' '" ^^^ ^°''^"«°" "'^t'^h the inspection of the shin wa^h was r ""'"?'' ^"' " Lieutenant Van Duzer'the officer of te of he' deck t T' , "T'"" °"'^^^' ^'^"^^"^"^ ^^'^-*-- ^hen office '•Th.l 1 c *^"'''' ""^'^ """ '^' captain, followed by a shout There come the Spaniards out of the harbor." ' The trained eye of the alert officer had marked the thin trail of drifting smoke, and before the signals. " Clear Ship for Action," had been g ven he bows of the Spanish vessels, rushing in "line ahead." were seen dar'tL around Socapa Point for the open sea. ^ In a moment all was bustle and trained energy. Men rushed to their quarters guns were trained, and in less than twenfy seconds the whis Hng hr ek of a rapid-fire gun warned the startled fleet of th. hot work Twl n7 ready for the long-expected signal to fire. At the yardarm of the Iowa a string of signal flags warned the fleet the enemy was trying to escape, but even before the answering pennants o the other ships announced their understanding of the message every vesel was cotTtllV '''"'"' '°"^ before allotted for the emlgenc/wT::^' h^d th. h" T'.^ '^^'"u''^ 'P''*"'"'- '^^^ ^P^"'^'-^^ ^'th bottled steam cleared h harbor s mouth seemingly in a n^oment. Under their eager prTws a column of foam whitened the long billows and their bubbhng wakerilft ! . firsrii-r"''''' ^"' ''''' -- - ^^^^-^ '^^'^ -^^-^ ^ ---^ - ^o^ 'h: their'^;r^:::ti7tlf ^-T^'^- '-■ '-' - ''-y^^^' - Americans. The first 120 flew the shells of th le pursuing heavy shell from the lowas battery fell short, and then jursumcr GREAT NAVAL BATTLE NEAR SANTIAGO. ,2, by an unlucky mischance, so did the second hn^ oA , , fell surely a„d unsparing,' „,„„ .h^Cg foe ' "" "'" °' "'"' a .Plendid L,Uy of fiCr^'htlt ! ,« fr".:"':'" ' ""' '"°- Iiarmed targets of the Yankee .;J,mc t .?^'""' *""""* ^o damage the un- ™«,ed .honour spaL';.":rrx,s'i''i;:d"c,:r« "'", *'=^ --^ ■"■'- five minutes later the toroedn hn.f ^ 7 , "^ ^'''-" '^"'''^ entrance, and the sheltering broads!drof "'"•'^' '"^^^'"^ *^^ ^^^^^ and seeking their sister ships, flew into the turmoil of the action. At this time every gun of the American squadron thit could be brought to bear was pumping projec- tiles into the enemy. In an instant it almost seemed one ship of the Vizcaya class burst into flames, caused, undoubtedly,bya long, sure shot from the Oregon or the Texas. A minute later a 12- inch projectile sent from her forward turret struck the flag ship Maria Teresa near her after smoke pipe. A tremendous explosion fol- lowed. Then she was all ~ shrouded in smoke and was admiral CERVERa every ship was hulled time and aeaTn at 7\ ' ''"'^^^ '""^^'^ ^^em ■H' directness of our batterLs as iH; ! I ' ''''"^^' '" '^' ^"''^"--^ '"-ning, and not the anSion If V '"'^'' ^"^^'^^ °^ ^ «"'"--• •-ebcen shortened m.ritrfo aidTlh""' ^f." '"' '"^"^^^ --'^' cic.ud of smoke which "conceldanf^Iu '"^ ^'"""^'"'"^ "^ '"^'^ ^he wrecked enemy. ^ """^ ^' '^^ '^"^ °"'y half revealed the J 22 GREAT NAVAL BAIlLIi NEAR SANTIAGO. It was a grand, sad sigljt, a p.ithetir one to seamen, who know Iiow much patient thought and patriotic effort had gone into the construction of these splendid vessels, now lying bruised and burning, oi the shores they had hoped to defend. There was no time, however, to indulge in emotions of sympathy or of pity, for still rushing eagerly westward, closely followed by the New York, and at a further distance by the Indiana, came the torpedo destroyers. In the hot eagerness of destruction we turned loose our smaller guns on these loudly heralded and ineffective craft, and finally by a lucky hit dropped a 12 inch shell into the bow of the leading destroyer. At the same instant the little Hist was rapidly closing upon them, pouring a sickening fire into their fragile hulls. Destroyers Quickly Vanquished. The Gloucester joined in this splendid assault, and so sure and effective was their rain of rapid-fire projectiles that both torpedo boats swimg their helms hard a-port, ran for the .shore and buried what was Itft of them among the pitiless rocks of the coast. By a quarter past ten we were in full cry after the other Spanish ships, then about four miles ahead and busy with hot replies to the determined as.sault of the Oref^on, Texas and Brooklyn. Bending every energy to overtake the Colon, which was then five miles away and perhaps two miles ahead in a direct line and a and a half further in shore, we picked up the flying Vizcaya. The g... , must have seemed up to her then, for with a quick turn to starboard she ran shoreward and we saw in an instant that she was flaming fore rnd aft. A beautiful Spanish fla- floating from her gaff and another higher still, from her main top- mast head, showed her to be the flagship of the second in command. She lagged heavily in the water; no longer did she carry the bone in her teeth, and her foaming wake was gone. When we drew near we .saw something had gone amiss with her, for just as we swung with a touch of our helm to give her a finishing broad.s'de, the beautiful flags drifted from truck and gaff end and the white flag of surrender went up, and the cheers of our ships went with it. We stopped our engines when close aboard and hoisted out our boats to save her people. We received on board 250 of her crew, the Hist took another hundred, and that was all that was left of them, for the other hapless .sailors w.-re lying dead and wounded on her burning decks. The conflagration aboard this .ship was astounding, and even now, when the opportunity for calm reflection has come, it is impossible to explain'whcre -so much inflammable material could have been collected on board an armored vessel. Through the air ports and gun ports of the doomed ship quivering GREAT NAVAL BATTLE NEAR SANTIAGO. 123 fires shoiie w'.ih a blood- rrrl lirrhf „^^ it i- i .he s.y. Several ".pZ^loZr^tlZZ^ ''71°' '''''''•' """ -' this, and while the flames were .NrquTverr. ,1.^ T ' "" ""'""'"'"•■.ding dine .l,e hull, our boat, were u ; wHh' , t etZf ^h"'' ''f "^'■^- wounded and those more luekv survLTl u I , ^^ ""'"'"."ate shore as their only refnge frlVrdTJdlM"^" ""^'" ""= """ " ""= Let Eulate Keep Hie Sword. When the Spanish Captain of the Vizcavn lU-,, whom we heard so much when 1,r= .1, """y- "'" courteous Eulate, of lifcd over the side and iralfcHed'oT '" "' '"*°'' "' ~™ '^°*- «» Evans; but Evans, ge„.l t , J™ braf: 7,""^"" ''" ™°''' '° Captain i. back with a friendiv eel e L , ," '" '""'"•-• '*■ ••'"<'• "»"ng welcomed his brotheriVctrrthiito^s. , oA:;:,;" "-^ ^-"'■-'' -^ .he.r:.s:;?r^a^v;:sr;;^:r2m"i^^ .vord of gratitude before he was earrW bX T Ore '"^l"'"""y oinal in the attack, but were a 1,'fle .„„ f . / ^°" ""'' """Hyn .heir efforts were directed mor- toLe d ^^ °"I " ''f '"'° ""= ''«' "^ "■ ""d in the general action T^cr- tas "wisdom " rv '"= ^°'°" "■'" '" J°'" ■sailors, for they knew what work was Tut oot V" ^ "P'"'""'' "' '" 8°°'' hands the other ships were lei ^ "'™' ""'I '" """^ good cipa>Itll:'';";h?w;rJX„f::''-<'-'; "^'he „eet, gave its prin- the f,re.room of the Sp^l^r a eT^ r.^ratt r:™?:^ *''^°"^'" shore, which a. firs, we did not u„ders..md The New Yorl wa'™ '^ ""= •he eastward that she had a long chase and a stem .^f I \ '° '"' '° the action and she passed us iu^t after 'theV- ' '^'°" '*" «<" '""> a splendid marine pltule as she ruled , '^k '""'"'>'"■'■ She made Colon, and as she shot pa Je Jve &m„f \ '' '"» ''°' '""^ """ '"= set on board the ship'., boats rather than ,;urre'nd: t ,n IZy " ,T I i II' 'f ill m GREAT NAVAL BATTLE NEAR SANTIAGO. ^JredlL'r^^' ""'"''' "-'' "" ''- ^"'^"- ^-- ^^«^r "«cers had The paymaster's stores of the ship were drawn on lavishly to clothe tlic Spanish officers and men. and when after a while they were dn' d and fed was mterestmg to note the relief all seemed to feel now that thdr lon/su pensc of so many weary weeks was over and done. ^ Th. ^' °"k *!^'^ ^^^ ^"""^ ""^^ ^"Saged with all the ships single-handed The Span.sh officers said later that their orders were to concentrafe theTr fi on he, and every effort must be made to disable her, aHhTw he 2st dangerous antagonist of all awaiting them. But as one ofThV^ officers added, with a fine air of perplexity : " We found that aUthe'sh were equally dangerous, and that, after aU was said and do et was fo': sh,ps agamst four, and one of these, the Brooklyn, was much mil lilt J armored and gunned than any of ours." ^''">^ Reckoning up the data of this memorable fight, we find that: In less han twenty-five mmutes two of their ships were wrecked. In less than f^orT'f ' 1 '." ''°"'" *^^ ''''''' -^-"d-^ed. In fifty.six minutes from the time the first dashing Spaniard was sighted all hands were piped down, the guns were secured and our boats were in the water to save what was left of the Vizcaya's crew. Reception of Admiral Oervera. At five o'clock in the afternoon of that memorable Sunday the Iowa ar- nved off the entrance to Santiago, the Gloucester keeping company wrh/r after •speakmg the Indiana and exchanging cheers that made the welk ' S; J T 1 fu" '''' ^"''^"'''' ^'-^P^'-"" E^^"^ ^^^'l^d his brother-in-law Captam Taylor, of that ship, and told him to send Admiral Cervera on boa„i and he wou d put at his disposal the vacant Admiral's cabin of our sh^ The gallant but defeated sailor came alongside in the Gloucester's bo ,t a.idwas received with all the honors due his rank and station. The ^ marme guard was paraded, the bugles flourished a «alute. and when th official s,de was finished the reception accorded him by the captured office tfem" T,;'r:' ''^ ^"'^''^"^^^ ''^^'' ^'^"^ -^-h this^ea less ge tleman was held by those who served under him. Captain Eulate wore the sword Captain Evans had refused to accept h.m by the lowas captam. It was an affecting and a heart-warming sight and made a fittmg close to a day that will be memorable for the gfor 2 yielded to our arms at sea. ^ Concerning the battle, Admiral Schley wrote to a friend in St Louis • GREAT NAVAL BATTLE NEAR SANTIAGO ,2,-, s..'t m peace the battle may be reeardedt .f .^ '' ""'' '^ " *"" "=' ,n history." '^ ^ ''"' "" -""""g "■"= '■«° following her came the CristobaTcjl„ wV% ""'' °'*'"'"''°- ^'^-ly .he military masts Mweel t^wotXst J"t1? *"'T '^ cruisers, Vizcaya and Infanta Maria T,r-1 ■ J °""' *= ""'" '^o our bulldog flee, and ge, l^he'p^n "la ""^"^ "'^""'"^ '«"<"•' '° "-pe .-;^.'rbt;r^':-«---::-,;-shadow rantc Oquendo, ,0 which he had transTertd his fltr t^ T "' ^'""■- American vessels. In a twinkling rh. hi„ V^i """''' "°"= °f the .heir thunder, which was Wow dimmedfaterh "'u' "■""' ''^'"'='' f-'" *ips. The Spaniards turn do the west '^ t?ndeT,f " '""' °"'- °"'" constant fire on our .:,ips, and evidently hi ,lt f'T' •'"'"'"« " »pee,l. The Brooklyn turned herco„„e7alle,S hTo^.^r"'"*' and. after getting in good range, began a running S "'"""■''■■ .he ro.m;I"hr wh'icr^Lt^t" d;e?:Zy%r^^^^^^ 1^"°'= -''* shadow of the hills. Th/third o'f the S^Xb^-Xr "'v""'" '"^ Wanta Mana Teresa, was caught by the TeL in gooTflghlVrrnTan" liiO GRI.AT NAVAL HATTLK NKAR SANTIAGO. it was she that engaged the attention of the fir.t battleship conunissioned in the American navy— tlie old hoodoo, but now the old hero. "The Texas steamed west with her adversary, and as she could not catch her with speed, she did with her shells. Captain John W. Phili,, directed operations from the bridge until the fire got so hot that he ordered the ship to be run from the conning tower, and the bridge contingent move,- down to the passage surrounding the tower. This was a Providential move" for a moment ater a shell from one of the Spanish cruisers tore through th^ pilot house t would have killed the wheelman and perhaps everybody on the bridge had they remained there. ^ f / y uu ''Captain Philip directed every move throughout the heat of the fi-ht For half an hour the shells whistled all about the ship, hvt only one ot1,cr struck .t. This tore a hole through the ash hoist amidships, and exploded mside her smokestack. No one was injured. ^pioaca "The din of the guns was so terrific that orders had to be yelled close to the messengers' ears, and at times the smoke was so thick that absolutely nothing could be seen. Once or twice the twelve-inch guns in the turrets were swung across the ship and fired. The concussion shook the great vessel sol nt?r!d T "' '"" ''"f '^ ' ^"^^ '^"' ^"^ ^^^••>'^'^'"S ---^le was splintered. The men near the guns were thrown flat on their faces. One of them a seaman named .Scarm. was tumbled down a hatch into the forward handhng-room. His leg was broken. Other casualties occurred, but non of them were serious. Oregon and Iowa Join In. "Meanwhile the Oregon had come in on the run. She passed the Texas and chased after Commodore Schley, on the Brooklyn, to head off the fore most of the Spanish ships. The Iowa also turned her course westward, a ^ kept up a hot fire on the running enemy. ' " At lo. lo o'clock the third of the Spanish ships, the one that had been exchanging compliments with the Texas, was seen to be on fire, and a mi^htv cheer went up from our ships. The Spaniard headed for the shore, and tl.e Texas turned her attention to the one following. The Brooklyn and Oregon after a few parting shots, also left her contemptuously, and made all steam ::' tt c:itb^t;:r "° -' ''- ''-'' ^^'^^' ^^^ ^'-•-- ^^--^ "Just then the two torpedo-boat destroyers. Pluton and Furor, were dis- covered^ They had come out after the cruisers without being seen and we e boldly heading west down the coast. ' All small guns on the^torpedo bors ' was the order on the Texas, and in an instant a haii of .hot was pouring all riAGO. i cuiniiiiii.sjoned in J. as she could not II John W. Philip at that he ordered contingent moved Providential move, i tore through the laps everybody on heat of the fight. )i't only one other ips, and exploded :o be yelled close ck that absolutel)' ins in the turrets k the great vessel ing moveable was eir faces. One of into the forward xurred, but none passed the Texas lead off the fore- ie westward, and lie that had been ire, and a mighty e shore, and tlie :lyn and Oregon, made all steam ^irante Oquendo Furor, were dis- ? seen, and were torpedo boats ! ' was pouring all m 128 GRKAT NAVAL BATTLE NEAR SANTIAGO. ubout tlic-m. A six-pou.idcr from the starboard battery of the Tc-v.« ..n I Kns.gn Gise strucK the foremost torpedo boat fairly in L boiler ' "'" A rendmg sound was heard above the roar of bitH.- A*„ * on.Uc. ,„,„K. .ho. up f,„,„ .h., Uos,.oy„, a,,., l^'J^^, of c, Cr: Tl.. Iowa, wl„ch was c„mi„g up fan,, ,h,.w a few c.„„p:i„,e„,ary " »cc,,n,l tn,pcd„.b„ae destroyer, and p.a,sed on. The little r™T r n.r, J^_ .erpon. Morgan, yacht cCrsair, then Ja^j'^a^.;"^:,::::; 1 .He ;^:h^rr iiirr^Atrr^^^^^^^^ Cease firing!' called Captain Philip, .and a moment later both .1, .Sp,an,ar.ls were beached. Clouds of black smoke arose fron e c and bri^h flashes of flame could be seen shining throuirh the smoke uT, ? P".emg out fron, the cruiser to tlK-'hore 't loTa lit d o setrr.t, ' A Race for Dear Life. "The Brooklyn, Oregon and Texas puslied ahead after fh^ r«l« not take Jong. The SpanisL ship was already burning AtiiocnVl i, down came a yellow and red flag at her stern TustJ.^h. T ^ ^ I of her she was shaken by a niigty oxplosio" ^ " ''' '^'^"^^ ^"^ ^''^^'" " The crew of the Texas started to cheer ' Don'f nU.^ u poor devils are dying r called Ca,,tai„ Ptili^ and fhe Texas feftriV rante Oauendo to her fate to join in the chase'^f the Cris^S cln ^'"" caused'tVi't'^Brlktruble Th^'orSlTrd """^ '" ^ "" '''' ..eship, and the Te.as'made .He%.:roftr;fe."'te„^7:Lrh t « t" Cnstobal Colon ,„ speed, but was not supposed ,„ be her match In stren^! o. Texas, under r, V great spout coiiiiuissioM. ' sliots at the )Uic.ster, fur finislud the : up between ) o'clock the 1, and Were flag was run :r both the , and bright were visible see that the her long to lad su fie red Colon and 5 along the Almirante gon abeam r the Cris- she might 5 work did 35 o'clock got abeam Jcause the the Ainu )n. rate thnt for a bat- r trial trip tch to the strength. CAPTAIN CHARLES E. CLARKE COMMANDER OF THE BATTLESHIP OREGON COMMODORE JOHN W. PHILIP rOMMAND-R OF .HE BAl TI.ESHIP TEXAS CAPTAIN F. J. HIGGINSON COMMANDER OF BATTLESHIP MASSACHUSETTS CAPTAIN B. H, frfrr.:: -. ^ COMMANDER OF THE MARBLEH^a'd 1 SPANISH WAR VESSEL OQUENDO AFTER THE BATTLE OF SANTIAGO HOLE MADE BY A SPANISH SHOT /rTTH^m!!?^^^ OF THE BATTLESHIP TEXAS '""'' ■ " "^-'-v A YANKEE SAILOR AND A YANKEE GUN Vr CHA ■^i^i^.i.ms' »: »^-^S^^i R'^v" . ' ^ Br**'' fer-kV-k..! __ .,;8**>*"-" SHIPS 4 ' %FIU^PrN°A8''?0PUfioT«\ 8. OBSTRUCTOR 4. ALFONSO* 9. FILIPINA8 10. FUROR 11. EMPEROR CARLOS V. 18. YANEZPl) 17. isua ■^^^^fimx "*Mliw*,s£^«S ■y^^aaMfaga;4 ^*af*, 3_ja^sn,-i i OT"^' •^>\ .-.r^ ■ .i .f^- zy^- s-^fe^ •* S5S* li. 53 ^^S^'-^«-^i*.^ A- -^^ pH NAVY «IA TERESA " •^"'^''''^'^^^'S'^eROS 16. CRISTOBAL COLON IE KALL OF SANTIAGO-GENERAL TORAL SURRENDERING GENERAL SHAFTER IN THE GOVERNOR'S PALAC5 TO h- T.../:'- %]^v X^' *«-i-j/= • - ■^ '\^^ ;,i o 05 UJ CO Hi O Ui O o CO lli i o (0 UJ CO Ul (3 Ui (3 ji I MAJOR-GENERAL J. R. BROOKE BRIG.-GENERAL WM. LUDLOW OF THE ENGINEERS' CORPS BRIG.-GENERAL D. W. FLAGLER CHIEF OF ORDNANCE SURQEON^GENEftAL OF THE ARMY " — rv. J. ^. 3p5£5^^,^pjjjj^g IN8PECT0R-QENERAL OF THE ARMY 3RIG. GENERAL T. H. STANTON PAVMASi ER-QENERAL BRIG. GENERAL GUIDO N. LIEBCR JUDOe ADVOCATE-QENERAL BRIG. GENERAL JOHN A. WILEY BRIOADE COMMANDER AT SANTIAGO MAJ. GENERAL HENRY C. CORE ADJUTANT-GENERAL GRKAT NAVAL JJA n i i.- i^r.^^ iJAIllj, NKAR SANTIAGO. loft It would never Ho tn -.u^ st..,ht ..o the we. the^ ::::;:^:-:,;;;;; 'r-' -'^^^ - «- a-.^. Brooklyn headed the pu.suers She o i " ^'"'''' ''"'^ l'»«ce. The to try to cut off the Cristobal Colo at a ^ "' '"'" ""' •^'°" '" ^^^'- a ead. The Oregon kept a nWd llTlT''' T ""'^ ^^^^^ ^ The desperate Don ran close along thcshore " ' " ' ''""' *'^ ^^"'-'•• shell of defiance. The old Texas Z f u """^ ''"^ »''^" '■ " threw a draught for over two hours. ^''^' ^'^^ "^ '" ^^e chase und. ^1^^^ , " The fleet Spaniard led fhf. A«, • chance The Brooklyn gra uXt^Hc' r"*^ ^'^^^' ''' ^^^ -' "o Cristobal Colon was cut off at the no nt ', '" '"'"' "'' ^'^^'-P^' '^ »''e abean, of the Colon then, an t^egXnfr"""'""^'^- '^''''-" O-go, was he headed for the shore, and fi^e n^ : ^^ dT " "^^ ^^ '"'^ ^'-^^ Nor.e of our ships was then w.thin atJThfrZ T"' '^' ''P*''"'''^ ' '^• The Texas, Oregon, an.l Hrouklyn clos^ in , ' '^"'' "*=*''P« ^''^ cut off a few hundred yards away. ^ "^ '" °" ''*^'- ^"^ stopped their engin "j " With .^ " ^^ ^^''' ^°° * ^'«** Victory." Sampson on board, and the Vixen werf com " ^'^ ^°'''^' ^'"^ ^^'-ral ovjth. line, of spa„„h draw„ upo^ltcfc If ^fT*'"* **""""■ '^'I"«^<1 and up o.er .he lofty green^.^ped^mfofS c^ ^ '^ ° '^^^P^-'^h "«,. Commodore Schlev rnm,\, i '-uoan mountams. Colon in his gig. calledt^lTe:^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ the Cristobal The veterans of the Texas lined up and .. J^^'' ^''^ ' ^^^"'^ 't ? ' t'gerfor their old commander-in-ch"f TCtaif p7- '"^ ""'"''y ^^^^^ and a quarter-deck. and. with bared heaT thanked GoHr^ 'I '' '" '^^"^^ ^° ^^^^ ^'^tory- • ''^"''^'' ^°d '^'- the almost bloodless [nGld'Ctrirj^ttrlT^"' --.■^esa,-d,..ha. , .e„-e.e A.H«.w„eo. TWe.a3a.o„e„.„i:o^:mfes„e„ce a„d |JI I I H I Ill 130 GREAT NAVAL BATTLE NEAR SANTIAGO. then the overwrought feelings of the ship's company relieved themselves in three hearty cheers for their beloved commander. The Brooklyn later in the afternoon .started east to chase a report that another Spanish warship had been seen. The vessel turned out to be the Austrian cruiser Maria Teresa The Resolute came up, and the work of transferring tlie prisoners from the Cristobal Colon to her was begun. Five hundred and thirty men were taken off. Eight were missing. The Colon a Complete Wreck. •• It was hoped that the Cristobal Colon might be saved as a Fourth of July gift to our navy. She was beached now on a sandy shore, and her stern was afloat. She was not materially damaged by the shots that had struck her. One thirteen-inch shell and one eight-inch had hit her, but it was found that the Spaniards had taken every mean measure to destroy her after they themselves were safe. They had opened every sea valve in the ship, and had thrown the caps overboard. They had opened all the ports and smashed the deadlights. They had even thrown the breech plugs of their guns overboard. " The Colon floated off at 7 o'clock in the evening, and drifted 500 yards down the beach to the westward, swinging bow out. The New York pushed her back stern on the beach, but the water was already up to her aun deck. At 1 1 o'clock she lurched and turned over on her starboard side,°with her port guns pointing straight up to the sky. She lies only in four fathoms of water, but it is unlikely that she can ever be saved." The ease with which the Americans won the fight with Admiral Cer- vera's squadron was not due to strength of numbers. They fought the enemy ship for ship. Cervera had shrewdly waited until the blockade was weakest He had seen the fast cruiser New Orleans leave; the outlook reported that the New York was down the coast, and that one of the battleships had gone to Guantanamo for coal. "We thought," Captain Eulate, of the Vir.caya, said, " that it was tiie Oregon which had left for coal. We knew that we could outrun the Massa- , chusetts or the Indiana, the Iowa or the Texas, and believed, if we could lead the Brooklyn a long chase, we could close in and sink her. She was the only ship on station on the American side which we believed could equal us in speed. " . Admiral Cervera reasoned shrewdly, but he did not know the temper of the American ships' crews, and the Oregon, which he supposed he was to evade, was on hand, and ran him down in a long chase, heavy battleship though she be. All of the American fleet's yachts and torpedo catcher? were aw?y. except the little Gloucester, Only the Oregon, the Iowa, the Brooklyn '^'^'^T NAVAL BATTLE NEAR SANTIAGO ,3, At night while the New York u,.. . ■ wreck of the Cristobal Colon jus as ' .7fn'"^ '" '^'*^ ^'°'='<'''^'« f'""'" the Fourth of July, a terrific ex^lo ^^^ .^ ^'^'f ^ '^^^■""'■"^' ^^'^^ the entire ship's company to the decks a"" f""""^ ^'^'' ^"^ ^^^"ght debris went skyward The forward t '^ ^^"^ °^ ^""^^'^ ^"^ Slackened -ki^g a magnificent PyrotecS^aTt^ ;;:;!;: JHT ''^^ ^^^'"^^^^' The armistice relieved th^ r« r /'^*^^^ "^^ Fourth. every effore to bear bravely Z bta^Tf , u ^''"' '^'''"' ''"'>'<> '"^'><= ■tanked .he captain of the Glo ce«er for tt T "/" ""= '° '"'"■ He on the gallant fight, and then .spoke erLtlTh °' T"*^""" ■""" '>^"'^'' of his men on .,hore. earnestly of his solicitude for the safely were": ^^^U ^^t'^t ''^'"T^''^'" "'' ^"'^ ^''^ers his sailors had suffere'd enLghta het Zh'^'-'i,"':"' ""'' «'" ""^ '"""ght ".at he was willing to surrent hi e„ i,t "1™ l''^ ''."'"'■'" '°'"^ '"" protection be given to his men untilC c„uU b tV t """" """ 'o™ vessels. Lieutenant-Commander Warnwrilt u hi? "^ '" ""e American hs own officers regarding the pre«^ce o7r H "'i.'' ''"'"'' "■P""' fr™ a guard of armed «ldiers^ashore o pr^vent^he s" '" T '"""■ """ "•■■ »"' molested. prevent the .Spanish pri.soner.s from being Oervera Appeals for Protection to Hie IMen -villing to sacrifice any more C.lL°2" ' °" <""'="'' «- ""■ over their foes. The SDaniirdl '5"" ,"='^= necessary to obtain a viclorv "•""ost severity, and InlZ'Zlir'''' f'"- "' '"''" -'«' "- instan, death. Hence their su2 sets ^1 Z" "" ""^ """^ "' P>" rentable to him, and he was delighted with the 132 GREAT NAVAL BATTLE NEAR SANTIAGO. !^l ' instant response to his request that his men should be protected. Order-? were immediately given to cease firing upon the unprotected Spaniards, and save as many lives as possible. The story of Cervera's attempt to escape is an interesting one, and is told briefly by the conmiander of the frigate Adolpho Centrores, a prisoner on board the converted yacht Vixen, taken off the battleship Cristobal Colon. Chief Engineer Stanford E. Moses, of the Vixen, acted as interpreter for the, correspondent, the conversation being in the international language of the navy, French. Commander Centrores told this story : " It is not true that the heavy fire of the American ships drove us out. Besides the accident to the Reina Mercedes, we had no casualties. The dy- namite shells of the Vesuvius did no damage except to terrorize people. A shell did not strike Smith Cay at all, but hit near the base. Bombarded by American Ships. " We arrived in Santiago harbor on the 19th of May. We did not know that our whereabouts were a secret. We made no attempt to hide or to cover up our plans. We simply took easy stages to get to Cuba. It was frightfully hot in the harbor, and we suffered greatly. We made no attempt to get out, and did not use our torpedo boats, as all our machinery was de- fective, and we were trying to repair it. The frequent bombardments by the American ships resulted in quite a loss of life, but did little other damage. The batteries were not harmed to any extent. " It is not true that we dismounted our ships' guns. The Reina Mer- cedes' guns were all on the forts when Commodore Schley arrived. On Saturday, the 28th of May, we got word that Schley had left Cienfuegos for Santiago. We started to get out. The news had come too late, for Schley had left a couple of his ships to act as decoys before Cienfuegos, and in the meantime had come down here. On Sunday morning, May 29th, we found Schley blocking our way. It was then Cervera's intention to come out and give battle. But General Linares and the citizens objected, and we stayed." " What about the Hobson expedition ?" was a.sked. " Well, we were very much surprised, and at the first alarm believed that a torpedo-boat attack was going on. The shore batteries opened up, and the ships used their rapid-fire guns. The dynamos were not going, however, and we had no searchlights, so that we could not find the object. We did' not sink herv'ith our batteries or our mines. She sunk herself with her own torpedoes by blowing out her bottom. Admiral Cervera, in making a tour of the shore batteries in a steam launch a little later, found Hobson swim- ming in the entrance and trying to get out to sea. He had on a life preserver, d. Orders niards, and and is told )risoner on bal Colon. ;ter for the, age of the ve us out. The dy- leople. A not know lide or to I. It was lo attempt y was de- its by the damage. eina Mer- ved. On uegos for jr Schley nd in the we found i out and stayed." eved that ), and tlie 'ever, and ? did not her own ng a tour on swim- Dreserver, :| 188 134 GREAT NAVAL BATTLE NEAR SANTIAGO. and when picked up asked that they save his companions. This was done* all of the men being in the water, and not on a raft as has been said." "Are Hobson and his men well?" •' No. Mr. Hobson is all right, but all of the men are down with fever, and have been sick for some time. I believe they are well taken care of, however." Then Centrores began the most interesting part of his narrative, relating to the movements of Cervera. He said : i " Admiral Cervera, after the arrival of the great American fleet, did not believe it wise to go out and try to fight it. He argued that the best policy for the fleet was to hold the harbor against the enemy, and be ready, by an enfilading fire over the hilltop, to drive back the invading army. At first the people in Santiago believed this wi^e, but provisions ran short, despatch after despatch came from Madrid, and it was found that public sentiment demanded a naval battle. On Saturday last a conference was called on the flagship Maria Teresa, and ail the officers of the fleet were present. Admiral Cervera an- nounced his intention of going out. Deceived by False Lights. " It was decided to try it that night. Just after dark, and after the ships had got up their anchors, ready to start, beach lights were seen on the west- ern hill, and it was decided that the American fleet had been warned of our intention and would close in on us. In addition to that, it was found that the searchlights flashed in the entrance from the American ships would prevent us steaming by the Merrimac wreck in a very narrow channel. It was after- ward, too late, learned that the supposed signal lights were insurgents burn- ing up block houses. " The order of coming out and the tactics to be employed were these : The Maria Teresa, carrying Admiral Cervera's flag, was to go first. Then was to follow the Vizcaya, the Oquendo and the Cristobal Colon. The tor- pedo-boat destroyers Furor and Pluton were to come out last and run inside of the ships, which were to hug the shore to the west. The west end of the blockading station was chosen because it was thought that the Brooklyn, being ligh': in protection, would be the easiest to sink and as she was fast would be best out of the way." Then one of the other officers added : " We never thought that the Brooklyn's battery was so terrible, or that she would attempt to fight all of . us. She was a frightful sight when all her guns were going." Continuing, the commander said : " On Sunday morning the lookouts reported that the Massachusetts. New Orleans and New York were not in rrative, relating GREAT NAVAL BATTLE NEAR SANTIAGO ,-, Sight, and it was concluded that it was a ^nnW f were the last ship out, and we saw aroncelhat th";^ '" "T^"' ^'^^ '"'''- ^^ g.>a were doing dreadful work with the two tl -"''"' ^''''' '"^ ^^^■ "That is all I know of the battir. u ^"^ '^'P'' the Brooklyn went through us and a S. ' T "j^^'-'""'^ shells from it us in the stern. We'saw no"tther hir/Tht t " '""^ ''' ""'^^^^ hours; but we had to make such a lonf IV " '" '''' ^^'' '^o thought it best to surrender." ^ '^'*°"' '" Soing out that we puts fh: oZi'lLT'f:!L:l^^^^^ "«--y« ' ^aval Annual ' when she chased us." *'' ^"^ '^^ ^^s doing more than that Thext•:;ha^;t"r„cta:;"L^^"f ^"''-"•' - «-«-a.> .he officers of .h/ Colon was wld """"^ ^^ ""- "-*- None o, Admiral Cervera, after he wa« r».^ Portsmouth. N. H.. s.d he had" Lved^^^^^ ^f war and arrived at of Marine at Madrid, ordering C o t ^ "^ ^^""' '"" ''' ""'""'" he would have to encounter, he felT convbced th /'f '.• """^"'"^ ^^^ f^^^ would spell « suicide " to the imprisoned fleet th r J'"'' '" ''"^ °'-^^- about taking the risk. P"soned fleet that faced it, and he hesitated Ordered to Fight the Enemy, inen came another H*»enaf^u toobey. It said-<.No„tri\?HrcTn"^°^^^ "choice but and fight the enemy." ' *^^ consequences are. go to sea at once BrooI,y;L;rordtai'lfher1?;il^^^^^^^^^ """^ ^'^^ ^^' *° ^^^^^^ your ade there and seek refuge in he ha bt' hT/Tf^ '^^"^"^' ••^'- ^^^ block- know. lost all I had. m/fleet d evemh „"' M '" "^ P"'P°^^' ^ y- my own are very great." ^^erythmg. My country's misfortune and The conversation turned tr, H^k . , ™ral had „o word „f pX^J; ^"^"^^ ^^1 ^'' \"°™ ""P^- -" «•= Ad- world.re„ow„ed exploft. ^ *"' '""= ''^"^ "f heroes and their vera thanked them both from the boUom of t . " ^ ''' ""^^^ ^er- wh.ch they had stood by the fire-iler 1 l.H M \""'' ^'"' '^' '"^""<^'- '" -de a fearful danger zone and Zse "'e' 1^'' "'°^^ ^^^^^^ ^"- from every one near by magazme threatened to dash the lik seeing the danger. Cervera begged L,e„.e„a„e H„se .o shove off rro„ 136 GREAT NAVAL BATTLE NEAR SANTIAGO. - the flaming wreck. " That gallant and noble officer," said Cervera. " replied and said : ' No, Admiral, not until I have rescued all your wounded*! ' " "I jumped overboard," said the Admiral, speaking of his own adven- tures, " and my son followed me. I could make no headway and would have been drowned had not he helped me and borne me up with his younger and stronger arms. While we were struggling in the water the Cubans on shore fired at us, but the Americans drove them away and would not allow them to molest us agam. Then I was taken on board the Gloucester and then to the Iowa." The Admiral was asked about the first bombardment of Santiago «* It was a great surprise." he confessed. He had feared that the Cristobal Colon would have been sunk, as the rest of the fleet was not within supporting dis- tance, and the forts at that time were but imperfectly defended, mounting but a few guns. ^ He could not understand why the American ships did not close in and strike the Colon en masse, as she had none of her big guns on board. Weakened by Lack of Big Guns. "Did not have her big guns? Where were they?" was the question that interrupted the Admiral's talk. " In Italy— or perhaps in the pockets of our chief of ordnance," was the '^P^y> given with an expressive shrug. Continuing, the Admiral said that during the attack of June 6th the Reina Mercedes was struck several times, and that the captain and four of the vessel's crew had been killed. He was greatly impressed by the battery practice of the Texas during the fight of June 22d, and gave high praise to that vessel for the splendid way in which her guns were handled. Of Captain Robley D. Evans, of the Iowa, the Admiral spoke in glowin? terms. On board that vessel he had been received more as a conqueror than a captive, had been allowed to retain his sword, and had seen the marine guard of the ship stationed to receive him as though he was a visiting admiral instead of a half-drowned and sadly beaten hostage of war Eulate, captain of the Vizcaya, also spoke in hi-h terms of Captain Evans and appreciated the courtesy of " Fighting Bob " in allowing him to retain his sword, and also for the way in which he allowed the Vizcaya's dead to be buried. After the Spanish flag had been wrapped around the bodies the padre of the Vizcaya committed them to the deep, the Iowa's guard of marines firing three volleys over the dead. Cervera told Commodore Schley that one shell which had burst on board the Muria Teresa kiiied and wounded eighty men GREAT NAVAL BATTLE NEAR SANmcO ,„ Captain Eulate of th^ \r- ' spine, .id he had sl^ed t ^^^^.r 11 "f ."f ""^ '"' ^=P-«- « .he wording oU despatch which"; hid f„, h':^"? "'' ""'"■ ^ha. wa^ the Vizcaya. "*" ^™' •>" wife after the destruction of " When you think of thp ri^i t not do .ore than I did." Captain EdatrSr^Vn^ ".'" ^^^ ^^^^ ^ -"^^ four. My enemies were the Brooklvnf^^ ' ^^"^ °"'y one ship against think, the Iowa was the other Zt' '^' .^/'Son and the Texas, anri Te^as that gave us our J^ J^^Jr^f^Ta':: "^^^^'^' '^' '^ ^ - h our port bow and exploding one of the forward t '^'' ""^^^ ^"*^""g the.r guns and fought hke true Spaniards ^ ^'""'^- ^>' '"^^ «tood by As the Spaniards had lost ;i II fK^- i- and wonnded, and had inflic:^^ ;' '.^^ ^e".' "'":''" """"^^ '" ""'^^ «y Capta,„ Enlate's claim that his men fad foT' ri'ik T *" """ '° S-"" But naval conflicts now are not ^., . "^ Spaniards, mournful Captain. " The victoris To fblT'"' ''" """'«"" ''ghecl the machtnes were better than ours.^The Vil/ava":; r^'^^' """ *eLerican now what a wreck ! Poor Spain ! ■' *^ ' "'" ' ''" "" = ""= ^h'P I And A BatUe Relic for Admiral Schley -^, ^f.'^^ir trs^t-t™' -rr T, ^"'>' ■ '^- ^^ ^--^ crew Mana Teresa, the flagship of Adm r" Cerv!r ^" '° '^="''"' '"' '"ftn'! age made by the big guns and the exo ohIh °"« "" '""bl'^ wreck- Wi"g over with afl-ectio'n fo "he ol?',?'"? T *° ^^^ "'«» "-■ bub- *re Admiral Schley was read^One of fte ' "" *" '"^ ^-"-*ck, crew, and two men following him anH * "^" '■=P'«"tmg the entire «.» Admiral, and then the s^'k la„ ,„ 'T"^ '"= """f- «Wed close to crew would like to make you'a p™";.' "''"""""« ^y- -'«• "Sir, the paper o^pr^Lip:,::::;;^'' ''--- ■■-'•■•^ "-« -^ <..» ;P«^esman S^g";; "sels "c^nLTd '" ,r"'=P-"^ ™"- and the " Well m >'°'' "'''PP^'' ">^m." ""^ '*= "> R'« it Well, my „,en, said the Admi^l, with a tremor in h- • iremor m his voice, " I am 188 GREAT NAVAL BATTLE NEAR SANTIAGO. much obliged to you, but the great credit of that victory belongs to you boys — the men behind the guns. Without you no laurels would come to our country. Thank you." There was a hearty three cheers from the men, and the gunner's mate, Donnelly, thinking that something should be said in answer, touched his cap and blurted out : " We hopes, sir, as how you'll steer a straighter course than the other fellow who owned it," and there was another approving cheer as the men dispersed. With the usual twinkle of his eye bejeweled with a tear, the Admiral said, as he turned away : " I'd rather have a thing like this than the adula- tions of my entire country." For the first time since the blockade opened, Yankee commercial inge- nuity was visible. The lookout on the Brooklyn saw a steamer on the western horizon line, and the big cruiser immediately started on a chase. A shot fired from a six-pounder hove her to, and Lieutenant Doyle and a crew from the Brooklyn boarded her. When he returned he v.oe a broad smile, and when he reported to Captain Cook there was a hearty laugh. The ship was loaded with provisions, and had permission to remain outside of Santiago until the city was captured by the Americans, when it was expected that the populace would pay splendid prices for the goods. She was allowed to remain outside of the blockade line. Praise from a Marine for "Fighting Bob." A letter from a sergeant of the Marine Corps on board the battleship Iowa, gave an interesting account of the fight and the destruction of Cervera's fleet. It was as follows : " I understand you want me to give you an account of the big naval fight, which is causing so much excitement in the United States. I am not much at writing, but will try and give as correct an idea as I can. My station on the pride of the navy in action is on the main deck or gun deck. The marines man all the guns on this deck including the four and six-inch rapid, firing guns, eight in all, besides two ten-inch pieces. I had, therefore, a good opportunity of seeing how things were on that eventful day. We had just assembled on the quarter deck for quarters, and were in hopes of having a quiet Sunday, when at 9.35 general quarters sounded. Our ship, whose sta- tion was opposite the entrance, was the first to discover the Spanish escaping and notified our fleet. I was one of those who first saw the ships coming out. There seems lots of trouble in the fleet as to what ship gave the alarm, but if those ships claiming the honor should let the officers know why they did not display the proper signal of the men on the Iowa, who were on watch GREAT NAVAL HATTLE NEAR SANTIAGO. 13, I'tloril:;:'" ""'' "■" """---'y -- -P-'"^"^ -,. a, .0 who™ ,,ou„dXtlalryr;rc;p:.h:'„t^ -pe«io„.g.,e., <,„ar,ers were steamed into the mouth of tleh h^ T ""''^ ^" '^'P" "^^^ ^°^^ Teresa and Almira te Oqu n o WhileT , ^"^^^^^,^^^' V--^^. Maria same way as the enemv Tl On ^l^''^,^S'y'"g ^^ shaped our course the by our sLus rnrhcTd'ed J^^.U^Zt 7; M' " "^^'"^ ^^^ ^" °" «- which gave .s most coneern ll orpedlboi 1 ^^" ^' ";""' *'^ ^"^^^^ All our secondary battery wa turned on H, yT*"' ^"''°'' ""'^ ^'"*°"- a few minutes the^ were L fi^:;rbe:cher ^'" °" '""'"^'' ^"^ '" Spanish Ships Driven Ashore hold her qh^ . a"entiou to her. thmkmg that the Brooklyn would H. came on eWa'^L^allTlir;:''" ""'='' """ °" P"'"'" ''"•^• fr"inoneoft1,-c._-".\ y'"" '""' 1^*" "as ,n command. I learnt were ^TltCr.t^ZTCu::^'"' " ^-^^^ '^"^"^'■' "'^' '"^^ CHAPTER VIII. Naval Officers Narrate the Story of Cervera's Defeat. HE naval battle of Santiago was fought on Sunday, July 3d, but it was not until the n^'xt morning that Admiral Sampson's despatch announcing the destruction of Cervera's fleet was received in Washington. It was as follows: "Playa, via Hayti, July 4th.— Secretary of Navy, 3.15 A. m., Siboney, 3d.— The fleet undei my command ofTers the nation as a Fourth of July present the destruction of the whole of Cervera's fleet. No one escaped. It at- tempted to escape at 9.30 A. m., and 2 p. m. the last, the Cristobal Colon, had run ashore sixty miles west of Santiago and has let down her colors. The Infanta Maria Teresa, Oquendo and Vizcaya were forced ashore, burned and blown up within twenty miles of Santiago; the Furor and Pluton were destroyed within four miles of the port. Loss, one killed and two wounded. Enemy's loss probably several hundred from gun fire, explosions and drown- ing. About 1300 prisoners, including Admiral Cervera. The man killed was George H. Ellis, chief yeoman of the Brooklyn. "Sampson." The following message was sent in reply to Admiral Sampson by the President : "To Admiral Sampson, Playa del Este: — You have the gratitude and congratulations of the whole American people. Convey to your noble officers and crews, through whose valor new honors have been added to the Ameri- cans, the grateful thanks and appreciation of the nation. li K ; F " Anv doubt that may have existed that the Maine was blown up by an outside explosion has been dissolved by the examination of the destroyed Spanish ships," said a member of the Board of Survey that examined the remnants of Admiral Cervera's fleet. " Of four ships examined three had been blown up by their magazines," he continued, "and of these one had every magazine exploded, and torpedoes in addition, yet on none of them was the same effect as that produced by the explosion on the Maine. There was no upheaval of the keel and little bulg- ing of the plates except in the immediate vicinity of the explosion. 140 eat. \, but it Icspatch ;ived in 2y. 3<1 — • present It at- lon, had ■s. The ned and )n were ounded. drowii- m killed )N." 1 by the jde and officers Ameri- p by an stroyed led the azines, rpedoes by the le bulg- liili The burned a ascertain internal above an sinking o VVlK Maria T the entrai be consid times and tiles than The fight start two torpci was done hilating ef Only either twel The 8-inch and were f Some juries to ea capable hk Mason, oft ant Huessl gun firing c wiio has a i Briefly class, with s around the ( as it kept oi for protectio The hi) went into th exploding, b the ai'ivior b was sufficien STORY OF CERVERAS DEFEAT. 141 The examination of the wrecks nfthoCr^.^- u u- burned and all their magazines exolfd^^^^ ascertaining the effect of Amer c!n ' r^"' ^''' ^°'' '^' P"^P«^^ ^^ internal explosion Bn hi ? f ""^''y.and secondly to find the effect of sinking of the fleet. °^^«"--""-d shots was demon-rated in the rapid Maria'^T::efaterbTt^s:nr:i^^^^^^ t'™^ °^-"^° -^ ^^^ '"^anta , the entrance of Santiagthbor TlX^ZT' °' ^'^ *'"^ "^^^ ^^"^^ be considered remarkable. The Ah^i7ante On ^'"'"''" ^""""' ""^^ ^^'^ times and the Infanta Ma ia ^resl thirtv s?^. . "'V''''' °^^^ ''^>'-«^^ tiles than the other. th.rty-seven times, but by larger projec .ghti::t^::t^^:^;^---^:xir '^'-'- ^^^ two torpedo boats and two cruiLs re^tn^iht d. ^^^lol^^^ Only two projectiles larger than S-inch struck a vessel both „r ,t T '"lltr' f ■*-,■-•>• b-"S put through the In 'm Ha T^"' Ihe 8-mch, 6-mch, s-mch and 6-pound oroiectileci HM fh« k n T , and were frightfully destructive. P'^^J^'^^iles did the bulk of the work Summary of the Iiyuries. Some idea of the effect can be obtained from a brief summarv .f ft, • Junes to each ship by the Examining Board The borrd hT^ '"' capable men .s Executive Officer Rogers of the T ^ "P°" '' '""'^ Mason, of the Brooklyn an exoert onZ V. r uT' ^^^^^"''^^ O^cer ant Huessler. of the Texas 2TZ f °^'^'"' °" '''"''''' L-'euten- gun firing on'that ship ^d N^ rnJtr^ryot"'^^^^^^^ '"" who has a reputation for knowledge of^rst "c^^^^^^^^ ^^ '"'"'"''' ''"''' cM^six"^^^^^^^^^ ^^^-^^' ^°^-. b-IeshiP. first- arou;dthe6-incl gunf This irr^^^^^^^^ °"'^ °" ^^^ "^^^ ^'-^ but as it kept out of ra^nge neJ^ theroTe tl^ ^^'^::!^]^::Z 'T' for protection, and finally making a run for it ''"P' The hits were made by the Brooklyn and Oregon One 8 \nrh .U u p If li 143 STORY OF CERVERA'S DEFEAT. Brooklyn, at one time her sole antagonist. The assertion that the Brooklyn was overhau ling her and that the Oregon's terrific 13-inch guns were shooting DAMAGE DONE TO A BATTLESHIP BV A TORPEDO nearer and nearer, and that escape was impossible, seems to be the correct solution of her surrender. The Vizcaya, armored rruiser, is of the same class as the battleships Texas and Maine. She carries two 11.5-inch guns and ten s-s^nch guns STORY OF CERVERA^S DEFEAT. '"""re"" t""""""' ""-"-" '" '""' •'™j«'"-*-'e:„' The Infanta Maria Tere<;p f^ « ^^o 13 or 12-inch shells sfr.^^L i was bad,, p„,.,-3,ed. st^ ^ T;t "'.f '"= -- build tt V, t;, her, and the posl.io,, of „„, „„„w,l'„; ■-'"='> P'ojec.ile,, clean ,;„„S' fires ,ha. were driving her n,e„ fro'ut .If "' ""="' '° extinguilX- T^ A, . "I"®"^" Worst Hit of All hit her. When le .u n^d .:T^'T''" """^ ■"'-<'= °" Vrf/l! °"' One Of .He UZTZZ^Z'sT '" ^ ^'^P'^'^e^ " S ''°- had slrnck the forward turret iust I, "^ f '"ey was that an eight-inch sl„M -P-erea>read,^o.d:^^--™;™-a.^ 144 STORY OF CERVERA'S DEFEAT. Rear-Admiral W. S. Schley reached Washington on August 27th. The news of his coming had been pubhshed, and an enthusiastic crowd was wait- ing at the station to welcome him. As he stepped from the train, his admirers broke into applause, and a delegation on bicycles preceded his carriage, informing the people along the route that Schley was coming. In an inter- view Admiral Schley gave an interesting account of the battle of July 3 and the bombardment of Santiago. " My mind, in regard to the battle," he said, " is like a camera full ot instantaneous photographs, the negatives of which have not been fully devel- oped. It has been so far impossible for me to form a correct impression of the entire engagement, but in thinking it over from time to time, I remember new circumstances and impressions that were made on my mind at the time, but which had not before been remembered. In the course of time I will have the negatives well developed .and be able to give the correct histor)' of the engagement as I saw it. Not Taken by Surprise. " As far as our being in the least unprepared for the battle, it is all non- sense. We could not have been more prepared for them if they had notified us that they were coming out. Our men watched the harbor night and day so closely that a rat could not have slipped out without being seen. " On the morning the enemy left the harbor my quartermaster reported to me that columns of smoke were shifting about the harbor, and were denser than usual. It looked as though they were preparing for a dash. I was positive that they would come out within twenty-four hours. Public opinion everywhere is the same, and public opinion was sure to force Cervera to fight. So sure were we that they were coming out of the harbor that we were at quarters when they appeared, and three minutes later we had begun firing. It was the same on the other vessels, and the signal that the enemy was coming out appeared on all the ships almost at the sa i.e instant," In speaking of the relative merits of the eight-inch and thirteen-inch guns as shown in the engagement. Admiral Schley said : " I think the relative merits of the two guns are about the same. The only difference is that when you are too far away with the eight-inch guns for them to pierce the armor of the enemy you must get nearer. If they are near enough they will shoot through anything put before them. It is like the case of Admiral Farragut when he sent a commander to bombard a fort. When the commander had reached the station assigned he signaled, ' I cannot reach the enemy.' ' Go nearer,' signaled back Admiral Farragut." To the American sailor and " the man behind the gun " Admiral Schley STORY OF CERVERA'S DEFEAT. says he cannot give enough nraise " T •.. • , ■nand such a splendid body of men ilTn" " '^" '''^^''' '^^"°'' *° ^om- found in the world, and I doubt f thev ca„ k" '" [V" '^'^^'•^ ^«" ^e when a rain of iron hail was pouring all arounV" .1 ' """""^ "'^'"^"^'^ when a shot struck near them they gve^ cheer' T^ "'" ^^"g^^^' -^ fearless, even in the face of death ^^^ '^^''^ absolutely From* t^::;-^^r^;-^;'e^^^^ always be a marvel tome, trance the Spaniards poured into us and ah T"" ^^°"' ''^ '^^^^^'^ ^"- fire from all their gun's. They were prepar d "7 '''"''' '"' ^°"^'"-- and d,d so in their desperate hope of es ape T h " T J'^'''^ '' P^^^'^'^ due to any confusion on their ships but to . 1 l. r '^'"^ "'^ ^^^"'^ was could not hit us, while our men we' s' 1 n ' ^^ P''"'^'''^^- '^^'y «™pJy hitamosquito. For seven reighTyrarrtv^^^^^^ ^"ey could almL^ an opportunity, and they pumped shot XV u . '" P'^^^^'^'^g ^r such they secured ne range every shot told! '"'° *^^ ^"^'"y' ^"^ ^^er Spanish Admiral's Mistake, ine Spaniards under-ratpH fj,^ a beginning. As a matter of fS the/ wteTe"" •"' ^""'^^ ^^"^ «- ships that sailed out of the harbor weTe "e finest^, '? ""\ '^"^ ^^ ^"^ ^he yet they never had a chance of escap ng If "tai H ""'' '' ^^^ ^"^^^h^' enemy's fleet I would never have adoofed L.t '" ^o^^niand of the Cervera. "^^ ^"""P^^^ the tactics employed by Admiral " If they had scattered as soon as thev li.H have escaped, which would have been .^ ^ ?""' °"^' °"" ^'^ ^wo might had been sacrificed. If he had token TT '°'' ^™' ^"^" '^ ^^e others better chance. If I had bin ,^'h fp ^e to"l'f ' 'r°"'' '^^^ ^^^ ^ pass without trying to escape. As t was he ^ M ""' u'"' ''' ' ""''^ "'ght venience better. When he camTout t; "°' ^'"^ '^"■^^^ «"•• ^on- -r. - Chase him. I had coal and ;::SrS::;rt^ ^^^^ the bt^titf -te ir ??vLv::r ^ °?--- - -« to town would have been wiped from the man "^^^^^^^^^ when it did the shots fired over the hills at the ci^ " he fd n, A\ • °' "'^'^ ^"^ ^'--^h cty ad not surrendered the nexf day w ''^7/ '" ^'^ f ^ 'tself. If the vessels and dropped the ten and thirteen Lh,^,? ^'°"^^* "P '^' ^^^er no alternative K.,f f . -.,-- , ^"'rteen-mch shells mto the citv Thev had U6 STORY OF CERVERA'S DEFEAT. was our gunnery. I saw no listing of the vessels for the purpose of bom- barding the town. It was not necessary in the case of the Brooklyn, as we simply elevated the guns with the ordinary elevating apparatus. I do not bciieve that the Indiana and the Texas were listed for this purpose, as no thirteen-inch shells were fired. They would have been brought into ser- vice the next day if it had been necessary." Says a special correspondent who was on board the Indiana : " We were at quarters for muster on Sunday, July 3rd, when the Oregon, lying off the mouth of the harbor of Santiago de Cuba, sent up the signal, ' Enemy's ships coming out,' firing a gun to attract attention. Our ships cleared for action and closed in toward the mouth of the harbor. We were in the following order : — The Indiana to the eastward and nearly opposite Morro, the Iowa next, and then the Oregon, the Texas and the Brooklyn. The little Glou- cester was lying to the eastward of the Indiana and close inshore ; the other ships were at varying distances to the westward. The New York and the Massachusetts were at Siboney and Guantanamo respectively. " The Infanta Maria Teresa, bearing the flag of Admiral Cervera, ap- peared in the mouth of the channel at twenty minutes of ten, quickly passing out and turning to the westward. The Oregon opened the fight, followed by the Indiana. As the Spanish flagship turned she opened on the Indiana with one ii-inch and five 5-inch rapid-fire guns, only two of the shells coming near. The other Spanish ships followed in quick succession, turning toward the flagship, the Vizcaya, the Cristobal Colon and the Almirante Oquendo being in the order named. No Signal Was Hoisted. " The battle that followed was without plan, signal or direction on our part, yet our success is unequaled in the records of naval warfare. After a short interval the torpedo-boat destroyers Pluton and I'uror came out of the harbor and followed in the wake of the larger ships of the fleet. Lack of speed in most cases is a great drawback in naval warfare, but in this case the slower speed of the Indiana gave her glorious results. " Our ships turned to the westward on a course parallel with that steered by the Spanish ships, the Brooklyn leading and well out to sea. The Oregon, the Iowa and the Indiana closed in toward the enemy, running in to about 3,000 yards range. The flagship received the fire of all our ships. The In- diana concentrated her fire on the succeeding ships as they appeared, until the Almirante came out ; then the battle was a series of duels between the ships, in the order mentioned, on each side. The Spanish flagship soon dropped to second and then to third place, and the Cristobal Colon drew up "TheJ the Glouces there was a like a wouni Gloucester c sank, but shi , "TheT ""g of the the top of hi The Brookly; >n her fire. "TheVi headed in to from the Texa thing forward e of bom- lyn, as we I do not se, as no t into ser- STORY OF CERVERA'S DEFEAT. -;.. puce. T.e o„,„„, ,, ,„. ,,,^, ™.,,:;;:;:;^^^^ ^^^^ j;; About ,,ooo yards astern, ,he Almira„ 1 A ""'J"=^'''='' f" 'he shore on fire of the Indiana's ,„ai„ ba tery. wft ,he 6 ooT. "1 '"""'"^ "■= «■" «- abou. her sides and upper wo'i^lcs. Wo d ^ oaT ^r"'"! ' "-"'^ '^"oo co„ce„...e on ,he destroyers, then hot^ eZ„f„?,t Gl' ' """"*" '° Never was a better fi^hf ,,, j , ^"«'»ging the Gloucester. with these two .error! A fh trofflat'' "^ '"^ <^'— -■ " ^hort range she drove an incessant fire of ra'id fireT "T,"' '" '""" f"" h" -■ies f s pounders, having played hav c'with ri' m" 1 'T- ^"^ '"<"--•» « rante Oquendo was also headingTor the be'a 'IT k" V""' '''' *^^* ^^^ Aln^i- the spot where the blazing hulf of the fla'h o t u''""'"' >'^'-^« ^-- and our fire was kept up. dealing d ath and 1 ^ . '^ '°'°'^ ^^''^ «>"n^ her colors and hoisted the white flarThffi destruct.on. She finally struck on the Pluton, resulting in another LiL ^m "'" ""'^ ^^'^ ^^^" W up on these two terrors, one shot st^ ng thTpiuto '" ''' "^'■" '^"^^>' °p' -^ beach, breaking her back. ^ ^'"^°" J"'^ ^-^ she struck on the Lay Panting Like a Dying Animal. tJeGlouceslr°n^^::s:rt;■";^^^^^^^^^^ r:-^"^ ^--^ - -^efor there was another explosion T.^ u "" ™" °<' "'"' kept „„ and U^e a wounded, dyingln^a T, pantaTf^'^tl* '° 'J' °"'"«^'"' ^^^ ' ^ Gloucester ceased firing and approved her w^ '" ^" '"'" ""•«»■ The ," "ttrar ttr """" ™-"~^ - ■- nr -- ^--^ ^^= . 7 of the Or:^:"ct M 'breeTrh^lT '""f" "' """-y^- ''°*- "" top of her mih-tary mast "" '"'""^h the smoke, except now and then " her fire. '° ""^ """i. ™s heading her off and pouring fead:7!r .r:x:Twh:reu;r:he"he'rd *° ™/=^''' ^"' "■= '"^'=- fron. the Texas and the Ur,?™*' „ • l"™'''' *" ''^^^''- ^he fire -. fo^ard was a -s o^^a^e.^^--,- ^^-^^^^^^ B.^- 148 STORY OF CERVERA'S DEFEAT. lay the burning, exploding wrecks of three fine armored cruisers and two dreaded destroyers. By half-past one o'clock the Colon surrendered, and ran ashore to keep from sinking, sixty miles from Morro. "After the Vizcaya headed for the shore the New York came flying from Siboney, and sent the Indiana back to guard the harbor. On the way we stopped near the Almirante Oquendo and the Infanta Maria Teresa to help care for the wounded and prisoners. A newspaper tug approached us, and, after cheering, said : ' You have an armored cruiser and a destroyer to your credit.' "At this time a scurrying line of tra;isportG was seen flying from Baiquiri and Siboney, the Resolute firing guns and disp aying the signal ' Enemy's battleship approaching.' From the eastward came speeding under all steam, with men again at their guns and with the prospect of a history-making fight before them, the Indiana, headed for the reported battleship. " The Harvard approached and reported that a Spanish battleship was approaching. We saw her and headed in shore to keep her from escaping into the harbor. Keeping her under the guns we discovered that she was an Austrian. We returned to a point near Morro, and sent boats for wounded and prisoners. A near view of the Almirante Oquendo and Infanta Maria Teresa showed their upper works and sides pierced by scores of shells, mostly six-pounders. Suffocated by Escaping Steam. "A prisoner, the Admiral's aid, told me their water .nains had been cut by the first shell entering. The second cut a steam-pipe and set fire to the ship. The escaping steam suffocated the wounded, and the fire got beyond control. The fire from our 6-pounders drove the men from their guns. " The Indiana, during the action, fired twenty-one hundred 6-pound shots. We had 209 men and seven officers as prisoners, while there were about 500 more on the Iowa and the Yale. Admiral Cervera and two cap- tains were taken by the Gloucester to the Iowa. We estimate the Spanish loss at 1,200 officers and men. *' The Indiana was hit twice on the after turret, but no damage was done. Our fleet's total losses were one man killed and five wounded, all aboard the Brooklyn. The enemy, on the night of the Fourth, sank a vessel in the channel at Santiago. During the firing to prevent this the Indiana was fired upon by the Zocapa battery, and struck by a mortar shell in the wardroom passage, wrecking officers' rooms, but doing no other damage. " The secondary battery fire of the Brooklyn was really terrible. It drove my men from their guns, and when you were at close ran je did fright ful work," said Captain Eulate two days after Schley's defeat cf the Spanish squadr tile ten constiti mander armor t In poundei been apj somewh torpedo attempte The because 1 men on 1: them in 1 on the Bn "The disorder, j handled wi taken in g( each man j " Cons the greater heen most 1 to bringing " Whei viduals for brought to manner coui the action, i pounder, anc projectile, le; the rear. " Corpoi to attempt to STORY OF CERVERA'S DEFEAT. squadron, and a rescued officf^r ^r .u .^ .■.e.crr,b,. Ca^age .o .hat ° ^ I ^r;"" ^"'^ "■^' "-"/ on.-„a,f „, cons,„u,e ,„ secondary battery/ ^^ b° ,,'j. """^ »" --poundcr,,, which mandcr-m-Chicf found forty-six six ,,! "°ard of burvcy ordered by the Corn armor belt, and evidence th'at nea Zl h / ?'" '" ""■ O'l-^o'ab've her" I" the Vizcaya there „ re etven ' '"1'"' """ ^'''P'odcd. pounders, and on these two ships the ta.TooTH u"'"' '"'' ""^"^ <>f one- been appalbng. The terrible work o ,ec„„d k*"'''"''"« """' ""« ""e omewha. explained by the fact that she wa".hT,'T" °" «" """^"■i" - torpedo boats, and .he Brooklyn, Tcxa, Id to ^ " "'" '"'' "«"••=« <'>e The '° f"'' "" '"'° "i^^oyerr' ""''''*' ""'«>•■<' >•« as she ''"---oirshfp^'l'r;^::- W"en.lyd„ne by the Brooklyn alone men on board the ships who man these batt "'= *= ™''" S""'- Th= '- ■" - -' — pa- oft:sht::s iiSeT rpXti ^^'■' Captain Murphy's Story o«ce^rrnfr,t S£.ttj;h"r/-«'".-the senior n,ari„e .ready the valiant work dC^L tenth •'°" ^"'^ '■'"' hecommeS The men were full of enM„.c- '"*='°ent- He said : disorder, and apparently no co„ ,„ f^; "' 'V" "" "° «*n,en. or handled with admirable coolness an, dll ^"""''^ '"''y- The battery w^s .aKen in getting sights and ^ZTii '^tf'Z ■ ""'''' ^'^ -"" "- ^ eachman striving ,o make a recofd score '"''" "' "^'Set practice and .ho s-rv:ro;'L'Tc^t,*hVrrfr "'■''■'■" ^-^^^-^ -^e dnnng been most destructive to his n, „ and ™ateril^\:r"*'^ battery .Sust h vf to brmgmg the battle to an end so Ze7^^ '. eontributed its full share ••When all did their duty mal,*f '"■•:»-"«'= loss to oursele^^^ vduals for special mention. There a e om' ?"'"'""^"" ">-'<=« ind brought to notice by name for conduct 7? h°T"' "'''° ''"''^^-e to be ".anner courage, intelligence, and de;o«:^^lt''''r'' '" ' -"'Picuoul the achon, a cartridge jammed in TC f^i °"'"e «>e earlypart of pounder, and in the effoi to withdraw i, the "f ''^"^""'^ f°™ard 1 Projectde, leaving u. . latter f^, tThe bore 'and """' **=^''^'' fr"" '^e 'be rear. bore and impossible to extract from " Corporal Robert Grev of fh. ... '0 attempt to drive a shell o'u't byteLTof t^rmrr" Tf •'=™'-™ dmmer. To do this it was 160 STORY OF CERVERA'S DEFEAT. necessary to go out on the gun, hanging over the water, and the undertaking was full of difficulties and danger, the latter due in a great measure to the blast of the 8-inch turret guns firing overhead. The gun was hot, and it was necessary to cling to the ' Jacob's ladder ' with one hand while endeavoring with the other to manipulate the long rammer. After a brave cflFort he was forced to give up and was ordered in. Quarter Gunner Smith then came, sent by Executive Officer Mason, and promptly placed himself in the dangeroujji position outside the gun port, where he worked and failed as the corporal had done. Neither had been able to g' t the rammer into the bore, and there seemed nothing left to do but to dismount the gun. " At this juncture Private MacNeal, one of the gun's crew, volunteered to go out and make a final effort. ., The gun was so important, the starboard battery being engaged, that as a forlorn hope he was permitted to make the attempt. He pushed out boldly and set to work. The guns of the forward 8-inch turret were firing, almost knocking him overboard, and the enemy's shots were coming with frequency into his immediate neighborhood. It was at this time the chief yeoman was killed on the other side of the deck. " MacNeal never paused in his work. The rammer was finally placed in the bore and the shell ejected and MacNeal resumed his duties as coolly as if what he had done were a matter of every day routine. Other Heroes in Exposed Positions. " The battle orderlies will merit a place among those whose conduct is worthy of special mention. They were on the move constantly, bearing battle orders from Commodore Schley and Captain Cook, and in no instant did they fail in the prompt and intelligent performance of their duty. The signal men occupied very exposed positions during the action and rendered excellent service. Signal halyards and numbers and speed cones were riddled by small projectiles and fragments of bursting shell, casualties that showed in whit zone of danger the signal men performed their duties. " Signalmen Coombs and Mclntyre and Battle Orderlies Ball and Davis were so near Yeoman Ellis when he was killed that they were spattered with j)lood. None showed more unflinching courage than the men in the military tops, who stood by their guns, delivering their fire with unerring precision, undismayed by the projectiles that were flying about them and striking in their immediate vicinity. Private Stockbridge, the only man on the sick list, climbed into the main top at the signal for battle and there he remained until the end of the action, doing work at his gun." Captain Cook officially reported the movements of the Brooklyn as follows : STORY OF CERVERAS DEI-EAT. watch, N. A„dcr.o„, of this »h,p and I™,^, ° "•T'' ""^ ""■' 1'"-'"«'-n.a,ster o„ e.«cu„vc office, Lieu.c„an.-Con , der M V""- ""'"= "-><• "h" -ecuee >he order for general n,u, r ' Lfd^";' "*° "" °" "-'' ""ont to for aeon and general quarter, ! • Silll ™ ,t J ^"' ""^ *"■■'" ' ^''^' Mp con„„g out-action 1 ■ I „cnt im™ dlatv orT H "' "" """ '™^' ' Enen,y gave orders ,„ ge. .„ca„ on all boilers *^ """'• "'"«' *" ">= "'«'V and entrance of ,he harbor of Santiago heX"""'"' T J""' """i'''-- •!"> 'q.|adro„ consisted of the Maria TeesalLvTi r."""' '"'' ^P=-"'»'' - '^-Xs&i- ^'.zr?:,:!V''7 :■■"■ -" ^- - ^- The enemy turned to the wesLrd ,o clos^i';" T°V''°° "'"' ""^'■■■ around to starboard, bringing the starboa d L» "''■ ^= ">=" "O"-- tagge.1 (he shore to the wesfward '"^ '"'° ^^'o"- The enen.y Indi,l^td''l;'crs^^t'eVTo;°''ri'',''^ *= ^--^ "=-, Oregon «" .-e blockade, ran to Jre sI'nTh Cd'fnd t' ^=™;'' '»= -'ward of .l^ »met,„e off our port side, distant abo^t ,1 ''" "' "' '"" ''^P' '<>' guard aganst torpedo attacks upon thl s ,i , T^ K T''""*' '"'="*"8 to ery h,ckly about her, some pa'^^sing ove her Art ''^''"^ °'" "' &" 'eryfast and the whistling of shell i„cessa„,,nf """= ""= '^""S^'s « were .earing, nnd^er ^^^^^^^T^Z^r :X:TJ:Z: ^'"" "^"^ distanci «-- V ^° Inspiring Sight. -■■?■ - ---^^-g -head, ?hf TextM: l^? rl^*"^ .'"■> <>, the "emy, which was forg „g ahead the T " r"" '^'" '=^*"8 '^ips of the «J fire, but steadify lop^'g'astl™ "■^7,,'"'' '"*"- '<-P'"^ "P a todyfire and was coming uo I th- 7 , °"'«°" *=' '<='=P'"« "P a "ripping all others. " ' " "'= "'"^ glorious and gallant st^e out! I ■( i 163 STORY OF CERVERA'S DEFEAT. draft. Wc were making fourteen knots at the time and the Oregon came up off our starboard quarter, at about 600 yards, and maintained her position, though we soon after increased our speetl to fifteen knots, »ind, just before the Colon surrendered, verc making nearly sixteen. "The Oquendo, soon after falling out of the Teresa, dropped astern, and, on fire, ran ashore. The Vizcaya and Colon continued on. under fire from the Brooklyn and Oregon. The other vessels of our fleet were well astern and out of range. The Texas was evidently coming up fast. At about 10.53 A.M. the Vizcaya was seen to be on fire, and the Colon passed inside of her with increased speed, took the lead and gradually forged ahead. " The Vizcaya soon after ran on the beach, ablaze with fire. "We signalled the Oivgon to cease firing on the Vizcaya, as her flag was down. Firing immediately ceased, and we both continued the chase of the Colon, now about 12,000 yards away. The ranges ran from 1500 to 3000 yards with the Vizcaya, as she kept in and out from the coast. We steereti straight for a distant point near Cape Cruz, while the Colon kept close to tiic land, running into all the bights. She could not have come out without crossing our bows, and we were steadily gaining op her. We were gettin;,' more steam all the time, and now had four and one-half boilers on and the remaining one and one-half nearly reaidy. Received the Colon's Surrender. " After running for about fifty miles west from the entrance the Colon ran into a bight of land, beached, fired a gun to leeward and hauled down her flag. The Oregon and Brooklyn has just previously begun to fire upon the Colon, and were landing shell close to her. I was sent on board by Commodore Schley to receive the surrender. The Captain spoke English and received me pleasantly, though naturally much depressed. " He surrendered unconditionally. He was polite, shook hands and said that his case was hopeless, and that he saw that we were too much for him. I was on board about fifteen minutes. As we came from the Colon the flag- ship New York came in with the Texas. I reported on board the flagship to Rear Admiral Sam{)son. I stated to him that I believed the Colon could be gotten off the beach. " During the entire action I was in constant communication wf«-h you, so that I was enal led to promptly execute your orders and instructions. cy/ XK-^ ^vf n came up r position, before the stern, and, e from the astern and )out 10.53 iide of her L"r flag was lasc of the O to 3000 ^e steered lose to the Jt WltlldUt re getting »n and the the Colon jled down ;un to fire s sent on tain spoke sed. Is and said :h for him. n the flag- flagship to 1 could be •♦•h you, so uns. ^ Si ) 164 STORY OF CERVERA'S DEFEAT. Captain Cook commended the work of the officers and men and con- cluded with a reference to the death of Chief Yeoman George H. Ellis, who was killed by a passing shell, while assisting in taking ranges on the bridge. Ericsson Under Fire. Lieutenant Usher's official report of the movements of the torpedo boat Ericsson is given as follows : " In obedience to Article 437, page 98, United States Naval Regulations, 1896, I respectfully report that on the morning of July 3rd, 1898, the United States torpedo boat Ericsson was proceeding under half speed on the star- board quarter of the United States flagship New York towards Siboney, when the enemy was sighted coAiing out of Santiago entrance, we being then five or six miles to the eastward of Morro. The vessels of the fleet were firing on the enemy. The helm was put hard aport at once and full power on as speedily as possible, and the course directed towards the ene- my's ships, the crew at quarters and the vessel in all respects ready to deliver torpedo attack. " By the time we had turned to the westward two of the enemy's vessels were out of plain sight. They were followed at short intervals by the other two cruisers, and then, after a longer in.\:rval, by the two torpedo-boat de- stroyers. The fire of the shore batteries supported the enemy's fleet, and the fire of both fleets was rapid and continuous. The flagship New York had hoisted signal 260: 'Close in towards harbor entrance and attack vessels' The Ericsson proceeded as fast as possible, the steam pressure and speed gradually increasing. " The shore batteries at entrance to Santiago were directing their fire on the Gloucester at this time, which was hotly engaged with the two torpedo-boat destroyers. At full speed we drew near the entrance, and as we passed and afterwards the fire of the shore batteries was directed on us. Several shells struck near us, short or beyond, and two burst overhead and near. The Ericsson was not struck. The Brooklyn, Texas, Oregon, Iowa and Indiana were closely engaged with the Colon, Vizcaya, Oquendo and Maria Teresa. " The firing was furious. As we drew near the two torpedo-boat destroyers were seen to strike to the Gloucester and the Maria Teresa and Oquendo to run ashore, strike their colors and display white flags. They were both on fire, and clouds of steam arising from their hatches and ports. The Indiana remained near them, the Iowa directed her fire on the Vizcaya and the Oregon joined in the chase of the Colon. The course of the Ericsson was directed towards the Vizcaya, prepared to deliver torpedo attack, but STORY OF CERVERAS DEFEAT. 155 before we could arrive within striking Hicfn„-,^ *u tr- to the Iowa, run ashore and burst Iflir. "^^ ^'^ ^'^" *° ^^"'^^ and clouds of steam issuing fZ Jn h ' '"^'"'^ ^""^ ^^'"^ ^"""'"i^ The course of the EricZn w s t n settrThTc 'l '''\'\' ^" '^^ ^''^•^• very fast to the westward, pursued by the Broltl t "' ""^'"^ ^" ''"""'"^ Lieutenant Usher concludes with 1 k ^"u ''''' ""^ ^''^S^"" burning Spanish vessels """''"^ ^'^^ ^"'^"^ ^^ "'-" fro'" the ship/trio:a:t^^^^^^^ r;: :? t^? " "r ^ ^°^ " ^-"■^' ^-- father, at Wilkesbarre Pa a stofv of 1 I^'"^''''^- ^'^ turret, sent to his fleet. He describes th; so^ndi gTf th alar^ a^T °' ^""'^^' ""''''''' wascot?orp;^;V^^^^^^^^ 7--- Spanis^hfla,, everything ready ,„ a hurrv Thi I u '. ^ '° ">' '""'" ""'' '>«' ordel as'we aLward Sned ' o''':;f vtri"!" "' '",'"; '°"°"'"^ Teresa (flagship) Vizcava rri.f„K V, „'='')""' oiBcers: Infanta Maria destroy rsHulIndTjro/'mt 5°">"' 0'l-"<'°. »"=! *= torpedo-boa, about LthousandTaiTianc! "" "' ''^^'"' '" •°™'' ^orro at Narrow Escape Prom a Big Shell passe;Tutt::e^\ttSerfr 'r ^" ^^^^^"-^"^' ^^^" ^* - -^^^^ the watir near the quart decT I t" had^ 'f T'°"f ^"^^^^^ ^"^ ^^^^^ been terrific, as it was a rakTnfshot Tl . Z '''" '^''' ^°"'^ ^^^^ nel at us. and the whistling offh.fl k n '"T^ ^'"^ " ^''^' ^'^^ °f ^h^ap- plainly. "'"^ °^ *^" '"'^^ ^^"■'' ^^ the shells burst could be heard warnlTecU:: TZTuyT^^ ''' ""^"^"'^ ^"^' ^"^ they met with a and even Joser'to the est' ;ers^O:r:frh^'T ^^t ^"^ ^'^ ^^'>^' Pluton on the port quarter Thk r! twelve-mch shells struck the steam and splinters eoinT n the . 'r . '"' '' °"^^ '^^" "P' ^ ^'^^ ^^ as if to re-e„fer th" haZ but tTe" Jf P""°"^ '^ ^^is.both boats turned helpless on the beach a A.^ .''"■' '''''^- ^^' ^'"'°" ^"^^^^ pounders and y Jh s^rorthe' cT"' T' ^^ ^'^^ -« -^^led by six- with great rapidjj Gloucester, wh.ch ran toward them, firing iards!' In J thXaT fir^^In'^c '''' "^ T '°^ '^^ '' ''^ '^^ ^^'"^ ^pan- astern to fire at them b nt ' K '^ long-range shot. Wo were too far action lasted fift^ mnute^'^H > '"" t"'^ °" ^'^ ^'■^^^>'^- ^^ «-* ntty four minutes, and ,t seemed we were to have another taste ! I M iii J: 166 STORY OF CERVERA'S DEFEAT. of battle, so the men were sent to their guns again. However, it was not to be, for the Vizcaya put her helm a-port and headed in for the beach in a sink- ing condition. She was also on fire. Two heavy shells had hit us on the starboard bow forward of the armor. The watertight doors had all been closed at the beginning of the action, so the leak was not serious. We let the ships chase the Colon and we turned in toward the Vizcaya. We left our guns, and the word, ' Out all boats !' was passed. Hard to Keep the Men From Cheering. •' While we were thus employed, the New York came astern. The men felt so happy it was almost impossible to keep them quiet. They yelled and shouted in hysterical glee. They had licked the Dons ; it seemed too good to be true. The bugler sounded * Silence ! ' and the men crowded to star- board side and waited for the flagship to pass. When the New York passed us Captain Evans sang out, ' Three cheers for the Admiral ! ' " I never heard three such cheers in my life. The very heavens echoed the inspiring shouts. The New York's men manned the rail and returned the salute. " We now continued hoisting our boats, and a cutter and a whaleboat soon got away. I slid down a rope to the steam launch, and was soon off for the Vizcaya, towing a cutter. We were about three miles from the wreck. She lay with her bow about northeast, just touching bottom, for only a foot of her boot topping showed above water. She was burning fiercely inside the superstructure, and the after ports were red with flames. While we were near, the mainmast fell with a crash, the large military top falling across the after I i-inch barbette. The guns were popping as the fire reached them, the shells whistling over our heads, and by the sharp crack or sullen boom I judged we had a sample shot from every piece of ordnance in the ship. " Every minute or so the fire would reach a box of rapid-fire ammuni- tion, and an explosion very much like a ' flower pot ' would occur, thin, featheiy trails of smoke shooting far heavenward in a dozen different direc- tions. While we were some distance off" even from the Iowa, one could see the men going down the side on ropes, and swimming ashore in little groups. Our first boats took men i ight from the ship's side, while some hung on to ropes and refused to let go, fearing they would drown. " Several had to be pulled away by main force. We had three boats at work when I got there, and the United States yacht Hist had two small skiffs employed in the rescue. I headed for the bow, but could see no one on board. Anyway, it was at this time too hot for a human being to live aboard of her. The ship was a crackling mass of flame. I saw a great gaping shot Ensign Jc son and his nK " Flagship only one Amei 400 prisoners, two we did not cruisers and tw day fights alwa STORY OF CERVERA'S DEFEAT. ^:^:^^:'''''''' -' ^ ^-^ --y ^hreds or Cothln, about the a fine ship in her death throes, but I did not s ' '"''''' '° ^°°^ ^^ much to be done. On a reef betwetn .». .r "^ '" '"''""^' ^' ^^ere was dozen or so of naked men uo toll •'''^' '"^ '^' ^'''^^ ^ere a going ashore in the launch. I cast TueT '" "'^"- ^^ ' ^^' ^^^'^ o'' those ^p While I we. on t;ward: ote^t ^h^e le^rrd?-^ ''' '^ '' '^^ n>en Cingi:;^ ^'^^^^3^^' ^"' ^°"^^ ^''^^' li^-preserver, for me to come .o them We wenraln" T"''"' '"' "^^^'>' ^" ^^^ y^"'"^ lines to them, hauhng them oX^ M " '" "^" ^'^ ^"^^^^-^ -<^ -^ we reached them. T^ey were all as nake^^^^'T "'"^^ ^"'""^^^^ -h^" " After a long steam lack wl I '' ?' ^'^ ''^"^ ^^''^ born, aboard and laid tllT:Co:L7.Ttlt S ' ''^^'j^' ^^ ^^"^^^^ ^'^^ ^-^ died soon after he" got aboard HrwLf ^P^"'^\^^^- O"- ^^ the wounded were five dead undfr thelg.- ^heTscr T ''%°''^^ '°^*^ '" ^° ^^'- suits as soon as possible, and we gave he 0^" "'" '"f °"^ "'^^ ^^"^^'^ to help out. ^ '^^ ^^^^""^ s°"ie of our blouses, etc.. The "^r^'^^^ZSZ'::';^ -r — - - ^^e ship.' neared our gal^gway he looked blk afh^s bu^nin" 7 '"' ^""^^^ ^^ ^' strong, and now a wreck, and takin/off V 1 ^^' °"'' '° P'"°"^ ^"d ;^e sh^p in a last salute', J.'r:^^--^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ -wards feel.ng. He was wounded in the head and hln T' T^^' "^''^ ^'^^^ forehead. He cam. up to the side and .<= V r ^ ^^'^^ '^""'^^^^ ^^^-^ his ^ cap and mutely oLJlltl^tX^^^^^^^^ t\'' ''''' No. I cannot take it from such a brave man Tnd hr ^ 'P*"" '"'^ • and treated with the greatest consideratio" •" ' "'' '"'''" *° ^'^^ ^^b- Ensign Powell's Narrative cruisers and two cl^.^'^"^^^Tu f .? '''""^ ""^^ ^''^"^ three of th. 168 STORY OF CERVERA'S DEFEAT. " And it was all so unexpected. We on the New York were only on- lookers, I'm sorry to say, though we probably received more fire than any other ship, thanks to our friends, the forts. The day started with breakfast at 8 — of biscuits made without flour, I guess; we thought they were made of white lead. " After breakfast I had the extreme pleasure of putting on a complete outfit of clean clothes, and it was a luxury. I hardly knew myself in a pair of starched white trousers and a clean white blouse. " We were about five miles from Morro when lo ! a puff of smoke from the mouth of the harbor, and some one yelled : ' The ships are coming out ! ' " I had reached the quarter-deck when this news was called out, and after watching the fire for a minutje, I jumped below to get my glasses and started forward to my station. The men were running around everywhere, singing and laughing, and though the call to general quarters had not been given, every one was at his station. I never saw such a crowd. They were crazy to get at the ' Dagoes.' One man shouted : ' We'll kill every of them ! Where's my dirty clothes ? ' " And that was the universal cry — for a fight to death. All hands took off their clean Sunday clothes and put on their dirty habiliments. After see- ing that everything was all right at my gun, I went below, took off my own finery, put on my fighting suit, and was ready for business. " I must admit that for once I caught the spirit of the occasion, and was as crazy for a scrap as any of them, though I am free to admit that ordinarily I don't like shells whistling around my ears. Wain Wright's Nerve. "All this time the battleships were pouring in shot after shot, while the four Spanish cruisers, who turned away from us to the westward and were straining along the coast, were quite enveloped in their smoke. We could see shells splashing the water in all directions — a sight that is worth going to war to see. " The two parallel lines of the vessels moved up the coast, but we moved faster a.stern of them and gained somewhat. The Spanish vessels soon turned a point and we lost sight of them. Then there was more smoke at the mouth of the harbor, and we knew that more vessels were coming out, and in a minute we saw, first one, then a second torpedo-boat destroyer appear, and head up after the other ships. " They had nearly a clear chance to run, as all the vessels had passed to the westward, except one, the little Gloucester, commanded by Lieutenant- Commander Wainwright, a boat not as big as either of the destroyers, a con- STORY OF CERVERA'S DEFEAt. 169 verted yacht, with only six 6-Dounders nn ^ e-j that of .Cher of the destroyers "°' '' '""'^^^ °^ ^ battery as " But that didn't phase Dick Wainwripht H<. c,i ^ • boats fits, first one and then the other TnT; ^^ '" ^"'^ ^ave those and thre^ .i,es eastward of the hre ve e llTho? t""r '^"^ ^^ ^'^^^^^ sive on one of the destroyers, there was a nuff o f "f .^'"'''^'"^ ^"P'°' of white, and the vessel turned and ^^de fo:!:'^ '°"°"^' '' ' ^'^"^ turn:^dS::;:r:^^-r:^.ttr::t:s::r gun was ordered to open fire on i Selerrh. ^^' °™'"''' '»■'"='■ .h. fir. sho, nailed aUr. anVlhetT;* rve7a"l^r '"°'; :i;;:d,tsti'rdrer "* --"- °- --•• ""X around the point and were hot aU AuZt '"'''' """ ^''" ^^c of the harbo^ we were hal';lrrla tmtL^IlrT f T"'" mortars that had never fired on us in anv nf r. uu !' "' "" ''°^^" life and played a n,erry tattoo! ' "^ ' "' bon.bardn.ents sprang into Burning Ships on the Beach. " Soon after we left the Gloucester we passed out of r-^^cr. ^r fi, guns and were all busily watchine- a den,. ^ ^"^ °"* "f "-'"S^ ^^ these shore the point. Ten n^inuteS TaS teVould 1^0^^^" ^ "^'"^ ''"°" '^''"^ the cruisers, and . .inute or two Ite^ d d Z Z sTip^ZlfT t ^'^'^ °' the beach-and also burning! And then we saw tW lu ' ^^^ "^ °" -t;ra^;,rrrfi^^^ ..O.e„do/weeo:d-e:?:rwdTr^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ar.:"er s;,7aS «;; r rtiLx^er §c :„"d b "r berore us. in that order TnH;^«o k • ' **' ^^^as, uregon and Brooklyn town, where there were 1500 Cuban troops. ^' ^^^' "^ " ^"''"" i It il I I # 160 STORY OF CERVERA'S DEFEAT. AMERICAN SHIPS AND COMMANDERS IN THE GREAT NAVAL BATTLE OF SANTIAGO. New York (Flagship), Rear Admiral Sampson, Capt. Chudvvick, 570 men. Brooklyn, Com. Schley, Capt. Cook, 567 men. Oregon, Capt. Clark, 534 nien. Iowa, Capt. Evans, 550 men. Texas, Capt, Philip, 400 men. Indiana, Capt. Taylor, 534 men. Gloucester, Lieut. Wainwright, 90 men. SPANISH SHIPS AND COMMANDERS. Maria Teresa, Admiral Cervcra, Capt Concas, 600 men. Cristobal Colon, Capt. Diaz Moreu, 600 men. VizcAYA, Capt. Eulate, 600 men. Oquendo, Capt. Don Juan Lazago, 600 men. Pluton, Vice-Admiral Villamil, Capt. Vasquez, 70 men. Furor, Capt. Carlier, d'j men. KILLED AND WOUNDED. American loss, i killed, 2 wounded. Spanish loss, about Ooo killed, 1700 prisoners. VALUE OF SHIPS AND AMMUNITION. Value of Spanish Fleet destroyed, . . . ^16,500,000. Damage to American Fleet less than, . . . 50,000. Value of Ammunition used by American Fleet, . 500,000. Cost of once firing 13-inch gun, 560. Cost of firing one 8-inch shell, 134. American Fleet fired about 7,000 shots. Spanish Fleet fired about 8,000 shots. American Fleet threw about 100^ tons of metal. Principal Spanish Ships .struck (as counted from wrecks) 162 times. Of which 27 shots took effect on the " Teresa," 62 on the " Oquendo," 66 on the " Vizcaya," and 7 on the " Colon." Cost of Collier " Merrimac," 1^342,000. OO^VBIOMT, 1«M, ■« KURf « «n.i«„ 1 IJI z < en < UJ z > < UJ I h z o LlJ ^'A.OR CHNERAL WESLEV M.^;;;; (i^Hh^^h IB ' 1 1l Ifi z < tl. o X m D m D to z UJ $ Q o z i I 03 t-' UJ a' cc tr I i BSP"!?! I «St»j»- AMERICAN PEACE COMMISSIONERS :ID. I II : ! II oopvmaHT, t«M, rr Ml 4k mhmk, m, % BRIGADIER- E ui < < W X Q Q. h < ID UJ u I t- z I- n I -> a < Z o < cc h w z o LLl Q -I < > < Z !- < UJ cc o GENERAL MacARTHUR WHO IS BENOWNEO FOR Hit ««., 'N THE Zu:.Ts' *— «^Nrs : K I III! Snsft. < X 0. _j UJ a < -I i Q. h 4 UJ til lU u < UJ D < z c p < z tu X h w h < a O S 01 O o Q UJ h O Ui IT UJ X O z I u. H (£ II n : f i i I' ■I li * >^ GENERAL MILLER THE HERO OF ILOILO ...4^, ii^^a*; SSff?" ^^■i€&y%<'r'> jRjmg^^H ^^■ra^^tl'Y'' "'■Vm4^ ^^Bl^^'-^i» ■ i:'.^3»ra --■*^J!(te& ^^Kia^Swun^.- ^HUe^' ^^^^w* >:& ? ^^HMk^ ■K y .rii^wSyS|iW M' K^-'%. ■:*: I'fai' .'■•?■ J ■■■*•(».- '^**»*.. .;-^ Is^^aBs^' ^^^s^s ;»*^«Bi->^ ^M ^-5S^ ■^^ ^pft^-'.Sfc'' .. ■—ss^l: y^wiwft.-^.. V ■ i^gg^^j"^ :*<»♦■' ■•:'>?giiBiH5ri.--.T t5 JP»- i^^^'C ' ^-"^T'fgis*^^ \ --*%..„. yii r^'^ i^ I 1 4 ■*«teH4ii K §5 Ka fe© ■"^ H ^ ■4m"m ^^^:ffc«.\'-f?"*f! i«^ sr^^ %^ ^•- ■'■''' ■ "1 <^*-v-. -^.^:?l ^ ' J -u- ■■■iBQm i^ i.:«:s»«,^r o a s > LU 111 o (3 CO CO CO CO CD ^ o; UJ CO CO \^ < o I j '• GENERAL OTIS Commander of the American Forces in the Philippine Islands CHAPTER IX. General Wheeler Descrih#.« *u^ aj uescnbes the Advance of the American Army on Santiago. American .„op, haS been X h'ow^Th"",""' "'r' ""= "■="'»"= P'^ctically complete when Zfl ^ "" "' '""^^ the victories at Baiquiri, La Quasini or ^ h ""'" 'f' «=« '"'^ destroyed and but preii„,i„aty to I a^ault^rihe town S,f ' '^''''""' '^" ^"^ ""' On July 3rd, the very day the fle,t „„ j \ command of the American troops In.alT..*''''' ^"""^^ ^hafter, in on July, 4.h Genera, Tora,, Z'd^^tl'J::^"'^' 1 f "'"'"■ ^°'' .o.nd^.„rrendered the city and Pr^ir..at:;^^^':;^2 by Brigadier General Shafter sailed fr„;„ .-T' "^ '^■°°° -n™. commanded ."..sports, arriving off SantiagVr.ljune.oth'"' '°"'"' '" '"""'>'■»■"= point it looked ; and, i„ .heaven, 71 ZTT r ^^^ ^ ^"^ '"'">'''^' S1..PS as might be spnred from the Samial hT I . '""''' '"' '""' ■"'"" Again, in the dem .„/ 7 ."''^i" blockadmg station. Guanta'nam'o a t„tl r^n t^f^' "' ='""""■ '-''e miles east of my. had been noticed, pr" ^'le'^'^ °'"' '"""'"" """'■■S ~"'- ."fctions little resist^' • ,™ "fk "vt 'S ''^ T *' ""■ ^"^ =""able '«s on C fth'anVa :"* o'n'ttr'.otT 1'*.°; T" ''"'■»''-'•*<) for three J*cl forts of Guantan'amo on ,h *1 .'"^"^""ead reduced the anti. Wonel R. W. H„„ti„gt„„, „ere Z/Jl' ,t^ "f"°"- 7'" ^"■""^"'■ f*^« - .he ,0th. ™sed the Sta« ^nd Str^s "r". "m""' ^""r^"" 16i^ III 1 H ^H! ^ 'int ■ ^^^H i^H I^I^^L it 1 >fl ^H f^H '^^^K'-i^' 1 ^^H ■ Hkiiiiil ■ l1 162 THE ADVANCE ON SANTIAGO. of the place and subsequently repelled . .^v. ui i^oo Spaniards, which m deavored to diivi' them back. On the i4tU the first aggressive movement against the Spanish guerrillas was made b> Lieutenant-Colonel Huntington's and Captain Elliott's niariius with the CO operation of the Cubans, under Colonel Laborde, when tlie Spaniard-! wf.ri driven with great loss from a camp five miles from Guaiitc - namo, w.u.n contained the only well of water for several miles around, and en the night following this gallant exploit, the Vesuvius gave the first illus- tration of her terrific power as a destroyer by firing three shells from licr dyna- mite guns on a for' it the western . ntrance of Santi- ago. " Earthquakes," the Spaniards c uUed the pro- jectiles which came with- out nor ' or other warning. A pathetic scene was wuiiosscd on the 2ist, when General Shaftcrwith his staff, and Admiral Sainp on, wilh his chit f of staff, tnct the Cuban Gcne- ,il G.iicia for a first con- ference on a Uule p, in our history our regular army was enter- ing upon a campaign in which it was numerically stronger than the v >Uintcer force, the latter being represented only by the Seventy-first New York Regi- ment, the Second Massachusetts and a portion of the First Volunteer Cavalry (Roosevelt's Rough Riders). GEriERAL WTI.I.IAM SHAFTt K. TH|.: ADVANCE ON SANTIAGO. ,. 163 infancy had bee,, designated to It' ^ e fi , :d,v"'' t/"'' '?= '''"' '" '"= »<»■'"■'•? b'^gan to ,hell the shore in J !L T » """'"P' ™''>' the transports neared the shore each of ,h, "-'"'^ "' ^^'V"-: When transports to help in .he landi g : th: , o prta^h 7"' \'"""'' '" '"' boats. ^ iroops. tach launch towed three Bold Rush for the Shore toy. ; ., ^^ .o .ot ashore! iefrThe tra" trt foT^ e^b^'ch 'T """'""" move,! away fr, the transports several L!!LZ ^' ""' ^°''' in ahead of us , ,ar the way mln ,,1^ """' ""^ S""*"""' ""^"t had been driven o.,t ,1. firinfceasJd and " ."'"'"' *^' '>" SP^i^^s Halligan crowded on a f ' a 'st anr'an^d th ""' '° «° '"' '^"'''■"■ ;- .- the blood or the .en. alreJ^Xe^d t IZ nJl:^'- il" with u.. several hundred feet east ^^' "'"""' °° » ?""''=' «»= fa;;nT;itfo7:heX:^trthrErht"''%'^'''^ '° '="=" *= "=->' ">-• Ensign 1 .alligan apprel d ,h tlf '" T '"'"'' "^ """"^ •"" " Then as prett^ a race a'ever w!, 1 ' " *"" "" '»""^'' "> " '«'■ the launches of the L regLen J Itone , ""\T", '" P''"^'"' "«"-" launch would get there ahead of 's but s^r, l""^'^ 't " "" ''■«"*'» "ifhty leap over the waves we cam; ?,„ , . ?T "^ "''"'"' """' «■'* a % a or more in front ^e t^Itrb^Kh XT "" ''" " ''''^'''''' si* of the pier. I ran alon^ the ",,„!, r ' '''' "^"' '<" ""^ W^ite -. sailors:wa.s lifted uponVe p^ to^n aT "V"'' "'"■ *^ ''"'P "^ -mbled on the ,.er, an^d then thTEightV^btrndtd'"' '"' °' "'^ """ --rhiiT^^hrcLt^Ltd^^rbrj:-^^^^^ 164 THE AP.ANCE ON SANTIAGO. "We saw no fighting until July rst, when we got within sight of San- tiago. That morning the Eighth and Twenty-second infantry were ordered to advance on El Caney. Three hours after the ooinnnncenicnt of the fight I was sliot in the I'.ead and was picked up unconscious. At first some of my comrades thought that I was dead. I was taken back to the field hospital, where I recovered consciousness." On the very day of their landing our troops began the advance toward Santiago. The next day tliey jnet the enemy at Jaraqua, but the latter fled. On June 24th the first battle was fought at Siboney or La Quasina, and is to be credited to a party of 924 men of the Twenty-third United States Infantry, the First and Tenth United States Cavalry and the First Volunteer Cavalry, popularly known as Roosevelt's " Rough Riders." The Enemy Lying in Wait. On the densely wooded slope near La Qu.isina, the Sp niards had erected two block-houses flanked with intrenchments of stone and lumber; and there a force of 1500 men with two machine guns, presumably obtained from Cer- vera's fleet, awaited the coming of our troops as they toiled along the rough hill roads — mere gullies, at times almost impassable — on the mornirjg of June 24th. Some said it was an ambush into which our men blindly fell; others lauded them for deliberately storming a stronghold, the terrible defences of which they were well aware of; in either case, nothing short of their unfalter- ing bravery could have withstood the storm of bullets which fell upon them from the front and sides on this desperate march. For almost two hours their invisible foe directed upon them a fire which should have decimated them at the hands of cooler headed marksmen, when at length a daredevil charge by Colonel Wood on the right and Lieutenant- Colonel Roosevelt on the left, turned the tide of the battle; the Spaniards turned and fled; for the first time in those two hours our troops were enabled to shoot at an enemy in sight; the position was carried. Sevilla was ours next day, but the victory had cost us sixteen lives. Now began the advance on Santiago proper and the encompassing of the city within an armed crescent which would leave its defenders no chance of escape save to the seaward; and there our squadron w 'dd see to them. One week was consumed in the landing and sending forward of the artil- lery, the construction of roads through the jungle, the building of bridges, the cutting off of the pipe line supplying Santiago with water, to the benefit of our toiling soldiers, and the establishment of telephonic connection between the front and headquarters and of cable communication with \\ ashington. ^sr iOO 166 THE ADVANCE ON SANTIAGO. Not any too soon was the latter completed either, for as early as July 1st, fresh laurels had been won, and the glad tidings were immediately cabled home by General Shatter. A heavy en'jagement had been raging from 8 a. m. to sundown, he said. All the outworks on the march of our troops toward Santiago had been car- ried; the enemy had been driven from San Juan and El Caney, and the Stars and Stripes floated within three-quarters of a mile of Santiago. What the short telegram did not tell was the many deeds of heroism of that all-day fight, from early morning until 4 o'clock, by which time 15,000 American troops were thundering at the outer fortifications of Santiago de Cuba. The attack involved the whole line, but the broken nature of the country gave a tremendous advantage to the defenders and proportionately handi- capped the aggressors, preventing, as it did, co-operative tactics on the part of our divisions. Taking' of El Oaney. Two points in particular had to be occupied. El Caney, the possession of which would give us a hill whence we could bombard Santiago, of which it is a suburb, ard San Juan, the occupation of which by our troops would cut off the city of Santiago from its sea fortress, the ubiquitous " Morro " to be found at the mouth of every Spanish bay; and at these points the two chief battles of that eventful day took place. To General Law ton's command was given the taking of El Caney; it included Chaffee's brigade, the Seventh, Twelfth and Seventeenth Infantry, who were to move from the east; Co".3nel Miles' brigade, made up of the First, Fourth and Twenty-fifth Infantry, from the south, and Ludlow's brigade, consisting of the Twenty-second Infantry and the Second Massachusetts, from the southwest. The first shot, fired by a battery of the First Artillery, under command of Captain Capron (whose son, AUyn K. Capron, was killed) fell in the centre of the town ; and as it was twenty minutes before the Spaniards got ready to make any response, the cavalry division moved forward on the main Santiago trail, headed by a light battery of the Second Artillery under Captain Grimes. Here began the hardships of the day. The movement of this battery was a heartbreaking task, owing to the mud in the valley and the steepness of the hill on the other side ; yet onward they bravely pushed, and it was not long ere the Spaniards in the little town of El Paso retreated under the mus- ketry fire of the cavalrymen, and Captain Grimes' battery, taking up a potition there, began a rapid firing into Caney. Here, too, the response from the Spanish guns was delayed for awhile: but when it did come, it came with unexpected accuracy, the shots being fr( m THE ADVANCE ON SANTIAGO. 187 three and five-inch rapid-fire rifles evidently tak.n f a. ■ warships and mounted behind the for S ' t. ^"^""""^^ ^''''''^'' the hill on which EI Paso stands and whit T"""" '''"^">' ^'^^^ headquarters of General Sumner and th^r T'"^""' ^'^ ^^^" "'^^« ^^e Capote and Rabo. ^""^ *^^ ^"'^^^ Generals Garcia, Castillo. But neither their accurate p- now endeavored to save their las"t"sTZ "rM*"^ desperation with which they stubborn advance of the Am ritn atd cl T" '" "^^ '''''' ^^^eck the ing Spaniards were driven back and eve" ^'"' '°°' ^>' ^°°* ^^e unwill- -nchments at El C.e. alth.,^ ^=^^^::::Z:^-- ^ Storming San Juan Heights. Ine stormingr of the San ri.a„ u ■ i.. laurel added to the wrea h of .he Ro5 r'h°" *: "'"" "='"*■ "" "« ">°- ane Tenth (dismounted) Cava' td alof^'. i.''"'' ""''"■''■ S«*. Ninth wl.0 n,ade a bn„iant ch^e at Jile ^Lt^L'r "' ''"=="* '"f'""^- tenaci.;7„™7dtX^'d"Wrfrhr" "'' '^""^ Spaniard,, wi.h a on both sides foughUi^e n^adrer^etm^n^nrr"^ "'''■''''■= """O^ with such "irrisistible furv" a, f„ L "mens, the Americans pushing on The fighting now b.can, lore tl^^Th "'""^ T'"^ «>" J"- >=/ "«„. ing a. this time in uniting i"" "Ivrl'l f ""'""« P^"^ »— l" their feet, and by 3 o'clock the ™Uan, 1 "'*'' ""= ^P''"'"'-''' ««• Sliar..,, that IheyLre masters': .he Xr^''^'" '"" ^'''^ '» 'General then, a whole day to cap.ure. ""Port""' Po^.tion which he had given A foreign correspondent ('C F H rJ r l wisnessed this " Balaclava of Cuba " as he f^ '^\^'"^''' ^^^^^ Mail), who " Suddenly, as we looked throigh or T^ ai tT'' ' ^'^ '°"°^^ = crowned by the blockhouse upon whJrh .h ! n ^ ^''"^' "'^^P'^^ ascent n^orning. we saw a little bkck an L s. '"^^^''"^^-^y had opened fire in the inch or two behind him agged L of^h "1>H '" "^ '"^^ ^'"' ^^ ^ I'ne of ants at another part of fhe hill anH t u'"''' '"^ '^^" «"°ther -ebody had dug a stL il ^gr an -s n"st d ' ""I" '' '''"''' ^' '^ the ants were scrambling away up h M Th ' T ,7" '" '^' ^^"^>'' ^"^ all -re furiously than before; ffom'th ri.^ t b. ^"^^'""^ ^^'^^ *-^ times ^pon the ants a terrific fire of shells Zm ^.''"k , u '^^ "' ''^^ ""'^^^ ^^-'^t -cljine guns sounded their conttu^us rTttle ''°"" '" '^°"^ °^ ^^^ i>ut the ants swept up the hill tu went forward, but they rtill'wfn^tl J'Te^^^t^eV-VV''" °" '' ^^^^ The boys were storming the hill tC m'.T. '"'T'^'"'^' ^"^ .t was grand. t. ne mil. The military authorities were most sur- 168 THE ADVANCE ON SANTIAGO. prised. They were not surprised at these splendid athletic daredevils of ours doing it. But that a military commander should have allowed a fortified and intrenched position to be assailed by an infantry charge up the side of a long exposed hill, swept by a terrible artillery fire, frightened them, not so much by »ts audacity, as by its terrible cost in human life. "As they neared the top the different lines came nearer together. One moment they went a little more slowly; then they nearly stopped; then they went on again faster than ever, and then all of us sitting there on the top of the battery cried with excitement, for the ants were scrambling all around the blockhouse on the ridge, and in a moment or two we saw them inside it. But then our hearts swelled up into our throats, for a fearful fire came from some- where beyond the blockhouse and from somewhere to the right of it and somewhere to the left of it. Then we saw the ants come scrambling down the hill again. They had taken .1 position which they had not the force to hold. But a moment or two, and up they scrambled again, more of them, and more quickly than before, and up the other face of the hill to the left went other lines, and the ridge was taken, and the blockhouse was ours, and the trenches were full of dead Spaniards," Kent's Story of the Three Days' Fight. Brigadier General J. Ford Kent's official report of the operations of the regiments under his command, during July ist, 2d, and 3d, before Santiago, was as follows : "Headquarters First Division, Fifth Army Corps, in the Field, Fort San Juan, near Santiago de Cuba, July 7, 1898. " To THE Assistant Adjutant General, Fifth Army Corps : " Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of my command in the battle of July i : "On the afternoon of June 30, pursuant to orders given me verbally by the Corps Commander at his headquarters, I moved my Second and Third brigades (Pearson and Wikoff) forward about two miles, to a point on the Santiago road near corps headquarters. Here the troops bivouacked, the First brigade (Hawkins) remaining in its camp of the two preceding days, slightly in rear of corps headquarters. "On the following morning (July i), at seven o'clock, I rode forward to the hill where Captain Grimes' battery was in position. I here met Lieu- tenant Colonel McClernand, Assistant Adjutant Gcnpral, Fifth Corps, who pointed out to me a green hill in the distance, which was to be my objective on my left, and either he or Lieutenant Miley, of Major General Shaftcr's staff, gave me directions to keep tny right on the .xiain toad icaUiiig lo iiic THE ADVANCE ON SANTIAGO. city of Santiago. I had previouslv ^iven .1. ^ ^"'"' '^^ brigade to move early, to be follow^ turn h w'J't'^ '''^''' ^^'^ "^^^ins' after Grimes' batter,^ opened fire I ro " dow„ t„'!^'^^"'^ P^^"--"" Shortly General Hawkins at the head of h^ brtad" V '•''''"'' ^"^ ^^ere found and fifty yards from the El Poso sug r houL T ""T ''°"' ^"° ^""^-^ ; Th« -«emys artillery was nof repW. tnc ^ '' ^^'"^ ^" <^'-'^^-- ward w,th Hawkins about one hund d anf fift"^ '^"^'■^- ^ ^^^ ^o- the S.xth infantry, which was leading the Fir f>f"':' ^'"^^'>' ^°"°-^d by rece.ved .nstructions to allow the cavLy hf ;Sht f" ^^ ^^'^ P^""* I Icnown reason they moved up very slow v M ^ .°^ ''^>'' '^"^ ^^'^ ^^^'e un- of fully forty minutes. GenL^^ w ^^ 1"^ 'Tl' f ''''^ '" ->'^d--e pent and understood howthe divisionVa^ de aTd f''' '''''' "^^ '' ^^is ^hat it would be Poss^t^: :^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^-.^-k in a few minutes nnmedmtely rode forward with my staff t^' T'''^" ^'■°'" ^^^ ^''^n^- I shooters was very distinctly felt at this time ll f u""' ^"^"^^'^ ^^arp- San Juan River, joined General Hawk n"nd J17 'u' """ ^°^^ °^ ^^^ San Juan, but ^-^r!Z:::^t:^:^^:£ :;;^^ ;^^ enemy, right at Port ^.rst bngade, but was accomplished by the ThTrd^""i'"^'■''^^^^^ '""^ ^^e General Hawkins" left. Having comp eted The k "^'^' ^^"''"^ "P '^'^^ on proceeded to join the head of my Son f ^'■^^^'°" -'^h my staff; I Approaching the Fi.st brigade I direct d hem . """^ ""''^'- ^^^^ «-• which was halted. We were alrladv sul T""' ''""^"'^^ *he cavalry near by attracting fire and disclol; oVr pt^^^^ ^^"^^^ ^^ ^he balloon .« The . ^''' ^""^ ^'°°*' ^^^^ ^°d Rear. The enemy's infantry fire ste-idiK, ; from all directions, not only from the ionr?".^ '" "^^"^•^y' "°- «me. on our flanks, but from larpshooter Thictf ''' ?"^^ ^^°P'-' ^^^-ket and fr.m shrapnel, apparently aim d at t e f T''' " ^''^^^ '" -■• --. Derby, of General Shafter's staff n7et me .h ^ l"""' lieutenant Colone that a trail or narrow way had bin dil !. r '^" ''"^^' ^"^ '"^^''-ed me tance back leading to the^eft o I Lt L:::!^^^ ^^''-" ^ ^^ort dis! I hastened to the fork, m !^ u . ^"'" '^'^^ stream, f "' N,„ Yo,, r.,Zt^;Z^,^y S: r"' "" '°°" *' "■= Seven.,. "" bypath indicated bv Li., "„*".^.,''"«f*' f "= "?■ I turned ,1,™ i„f„ --. word to -„e„, Ha*„r;r«i- ^:::;-^^^ I'i 'v\ ir-HP - „ ,^ 170 ^eedilj under ti thrown "A cordon 1 I finally of their i and the t along the "On Third bri men of tl crouching the appro; "Asc rear of the frequent h^ delay in foi ingly irksoi could towai ^y the cava " This tion as spee of the road, I again sent The head of o'clock p. M. the Seventy. "Thish fourth Unitec deployed to 1 movement C( volving upon diately feU^ ; Twenty-fourtl "re of the enc tenant Colone staff officer to THE ADVANCE ON SANTIAGO. speedily delivered them in tfiP.V ,, * 171 m.der the galling fi,e of .he tne^XlS" Z '"' '"' °' "-> ""gade but At th,s cnfcal moment the oiScerr'r "■°°'''' "' «>e rear, cordon behmd the panie-stricken me,7a„d „ 7^''" P"«i"lly fo™,, , finally ordered them to he down" the , hi ^ a ^^"^ '° ^«^"' ^° ""-''^ Of their own ree menf v^hr. , micket, and c ear the »,-. ■ r , and the Second'arxL W h2= """'"'^ "" "'>'•'"'■ This ^t "'^f °', °*;r along ^he^.oad toward'the f^M '""^ ""= ^"™-'' '" ^--r J^lSrov:'' Third ^t|=de.Th:;Tpo?rp;rchi^^^^^^^^^^^^ ■^■^ "=• '° ^urry fonvard the men of the Seventy.|ir,,t New York Tht ' '^''°'' "■" "ay blocked b, crouchtng in the bushes, many of whom "" "'"" ""^ """ "^ *- 4 ".en" .he approaehing column to arL Zl'ZlrT'"''"' "^ *^ ^''va'nce™ Delay Under a Galling Pire ;earof^^'r;;^lrrr-;rderssome time before to keep !„ frequent halts, presumably to droohM^,"' "'"='' ^'ayed re" uhm^ «ay in fording a stream."^ These delav ".'" "'"''■ '"" "-' >o tlie ' "u, ■ngly irksome, and 1 therefore! \ !,T' ""''" ^"* » hot fire grew , could toward the river :tm'„"tf1,*?r'' °' "" "'^-^ - ^'c ^'iff by the cav,,^. file, or twos paralleled in the l„ow :: ' -as^.^dtL7at:rerk-"^^^ of the road, the progress of the naCeolu^'™^ '° "" ~"'^«'<='' co„dto,n 1 again sen, a staff officer at a galCtl IZ" "^' ''°«''=^. Painfully ,fow clock p. „. and hurried on the left steooin J '' """"•"« Past twelve the Seventyfirst. '"■ "^ng over prostrate forms of n,e„ of fou«h utld^sttes'St'^r""''"^ °' '"^ ™'"««'>. Ninth and T deployed to the lefro^rilrS?' wS" '"^ ^^^"^ ^"^ - .""kT; movement Colonel W.koff w,. killed the^om ''"!,°"''"'^ »P"inte„dmrthi^ ■olving upon Lieutenant Colonel Wort,, Tv!"' °' *= '^">adc then de *a.cly ell, severely wo.ndcd, a d ,h ' „ "r"" '""""y- "^o irnme- tenant Colonell-p.^^lrrth "V"^ '"'""^ "- ^"v. W up^r' "'^ 3tafr officer to hurry forw,^ "^f' * '"'""."•y' M-mvhile I had a.T. -'■':''■ r .he occond brigade, which was brin^:; up'^: ii.' I 172 THE ADVANCE ON SANTIAGO. rear. The Tenth and Second infantry, soon arriving at the forks, were de fleeted to the left to follow the Third brigade, while the Twenty-fiist was directed along the main road to support Hawkins. " Crossing the lower ford a few minutes later, the Tenth and Second moved forward in column in good order toward the green knoll already re- ferred to as my objective on the left. Approaching the knoll, the regiments deployed, passed over the knoll and ascended the high ridge beyond, driving back the enemy in the direction of his trenches. I observed this movement from the fort, San Juan Hill. " Colonel E. P. Pearson, Tenth infantry, commanding the Second brigade, and the officers and troops under his command deserve great credit for the soldierly manner in which this movement was executed. I earnestly recoin mend Colonel Pearson for promotion. Troops that Took San Juan Hill. " Prior to this advance of the Second Brigade, the Third, connecting R'ith Hawkins' gallant troops on the right, had moved toward Fort San Juan, sweeping through a zone of most destructive fire, scaling a steep and difficult hill and assisting in capturing the enemy's strong position. Fort San Juan, at half-past one p. m. " This crest was about one hundred and twenty-five feet above the general level, and was defended by deep trenches and a loop-holed brick fort, sur- rounded by barbed wire entanglements. General Hawkins, some time after I reached the crest, reported that the Sixth and Seventeenth infantry had captured the hill, which I now consider incorrect, arid credit is almost equally due the Sixth, Ninth, Thirteenth, Sixteenth and Twenty-fourth regiments nf infantry. Owing to General Hawkins' representations, I forwarded the report sent to corps headquartes about three p. M. that the Sixth and Sixteenth infantry regiments had captured the hill. " The Thirteenth Infantry captured the enemy's colors waving over the fort, but unfortunately destroyed them, distributing the fragments among the men, because, as was asserted, ' it was a bad omen,' two or three men having been' shot while assisting Private Arthur Agnew, Company K, Thirteenth Infantry, the captor. All fragments wh;ch could be recovered are submitted with this report. " The greatest credit is due to the officers of my command, whether com- pany, battalion, regiment or brigade commanders, who so admirably directed the formation of their troops, unavoidably intermixed in the dense thicket, and made the desperate rush for the distant and strongly defended crest. " I have already mentioned the circumstances of my Third Bngade's advance brave co wounds, effected v singly in ing throL bottom, tJ "Idt Adjutant ] who was given him "The line to hol( received a!i manding a ance for the sent to thei] mission des; " Great era! H. S. h his brigade, and bugle c thanks are di observation ( tant-General ; exander, Chi Cartright, Tv Second Infant subsequently mission for hi; "The oflf under fire. I Fitzpatrick, A Infantry, gi^jn several times : Shafter, who w delivering instr "The bloi THE ADVANCE ON SANTIAGO. advance across the ford where in tu u ■ r ^^^ ^^^ brave commander (killed) and \he nextTwo'"\°' *^" "'""'"' '^ ^-^ 'ts wounds. Ye, in spite of these conf s^rcon^t "^ f "" '^^ ^'^^'-g effected w,tnout hesitation, although unTefa st %'^' '""^"'^^'^^^ ^^re singly in some circumstances and by battalion.H^' "^- ''' '^""'P^"'^^ ^^^ing .ng through the jungle across the str an " . '?""'"'^ '" ^^^ers, rush! A;^-utant Ninth iS^^A^Jt^^^^^^^^ ^-^^11 L. Si.pson. who was noticeably active and effic ^nt "n ^^J"^^"^'^'^"-''-! Third Brigade g-ven him to transmit to his brigade co'l H """"f °"' ^""^^^^ ^^ich I had "The enemy having retired to a IT .r'' ""^^ "° '°"e^'- ^^'^ted. line to hold their positions JdlZjrt ^ °'- ^''^ ""'''' ' ^'-^^^^^ my received almost simultaneously two reoaestf ''%'"'""'^^ P^-^t three p. m. I mandmg a cavalry brigade, and one from cLn ,T ''°^°"^' ^°°^' '^°- ance for the caval^^ on my right as thev w r .^"'""''■' ''^'"^ for assist- -nt to their aid the ThirLnth Infan'v T ' '''''''''• ' ''"'"ediately mission despite the heavy losses they hid aTre^J'^'"'''''' "''"' °" *^'« ^"'^h-'" "icy naa already sustained. Personally Named For Heroism. IS diif» frt <-v.^ II »r i. ,. . '^^ * "^ jaeroism. Crreat credit is due to the gallanh ^ffi eral H. S. Hawkins, who. placing hmselfber T'''""'"' Brigadier-Gen- h.s brigade, the Sixth and'sixte'ent^ nfL'tr^ '^f '"° ^^^''"^"^^' ^-^-^ and bugle calls to the attack so succe ll"^'^' ^"' ^^' them by voicf thanks are due to my staff officers pre en 1 1 T"'^"^''* ^>' ^^^""^ observation on the field. especiallyTMi;r7rc^^ tant-General; Major Philip Reade Inspeclr r ' f""^'' ^^^'^^-"* ^dju- exander. Chief Quartermaster, and Z al p'T^'; ^^P^"'" ^^ ^- M<=A1- Cartnght. Twenty-fourth Infai^tr^ Z^ r • ' Lieutenant George S Second Infantry; also to Mr. AdS^f^ Carlos m""''T ^^'"'^" ^^ J^^^^^on, subsequently wounded in the figh of the J""''' '\' '""'^ ^ -ssion for his able assistance w'hout 0'; '"'' "'° "^''>' ^^'^^ ^ --- Ihe officers enumerated shoi.M of i """er fire. I aU„ p^rsonallAotic d .he . " '"^'*='* f" SalUntry f't^patrick, Ass,s„„, Surgeon Us A "f"'' °^ ^^'■■■-" Lieutenant T. J Infantry, giWog „ost efficient 'aid To tCT T.'"''^ "" Twe„ty.fo„rth «eral times First Lieutenant J D M|L X /'"n" "'■''■ ' *--" Skafter, who ,vas conspicuous throughou tL H , ["""^' "''' "> <5"="' —d. «,K.., or .,,- -ana cannot ^ adequate,. 174 THE ADVANCE ON SANTIAGO. described in words. The list of killed, wounded and missing tells the story of their valor." General Kent reports $ officers and 38 men killed in the First Brigade, I officer and 10 men killed in the Second Brigade, 12 officers and 77 men killed in the Third Brigade 13 officers and 224 men wounded and 49 men missing in the first Brigade, 10 officers and 62 men wounded in the Second Brigade, and 32 officers and 463 men wounded and $8 men missing in the Third Brigade. Continuing, General Kent says : " At daylight on the morning of July 2, the enemy resumed the battle and firing continued throughout the day, part of the time in a drenching rain. At nightfall the firing ceased, but at nine p. M. a vigorous ai;.sault was made all along our lines. This was completely repulsed, the enemy again retiring to his trenches. The following morning firing was resumed, and continued until near noon, when a white flag was displayed by the enemy and firing was ordered to cease." General Kent reports the casualties of July i in his division as nine men killed, four officers and ninety men wounded, and four men missing, and of July 2 one man killed and eight wounded. General Kent's report concludes. " I desire, in conclusion, to express my gratitude to Major-General Joseph Wheeler for his courteous conduct to me, and through me to my division under the trying circumstances enumerated. Though ill and suffer- ing, General Wheeler was so perfectly at home under fire that he inspired all of us with assurance. ^^imC^^^ -_ "Fighting Joe" Wheeler's Report. The following was the report of Major General Joseph Wheeler on the operations befoie Santiago de Cuba : " Before Santiago^ Cuba, July 7, i8g8. " To Adjutant General, Fifth Army Corps : Sir: — AfLer the engagement of June 24th, I pushed forward my com- mand through the valley, Lawton's and Kent's commands occupying the hills in the vicinity of that place. After two days' rest Lawton was ordered for- ward, and on the night of the 30th instructions were given by Major General Shafter to that officer to attack Caney, while the cavalry division and Kent's division were ordered to move forward on the regular Santiago roads. The movement commenced on the morning of July ist. The cavalry divisiou advance division "C< struction time pen all compi under ver sent up ri "It; we would from the c in full vie crest of th step. Th( ascended, i crest of the the part of severe. "Tool and their ga 'he cavalry; <'ivision, and roll and Ma Wessels was '"'Hiding Kei Lieutenant ( past twelve 1 was wounded devolved upoi " Upon n sent to the r< from the ridgi that it was im wnter by wadi and when they ^'ier. Notwith the night to ere wounded back " I sent w{ THE ADVANCE ON SANTIAGO. 175 advanced and formed its line with its lef^ . div,s.on forn.ed its line with th i' t ^ "''' ?'^ ^^"^''^go road, while Kent's ^ 'Colonel McClernand. o Ge t j Sl'rf ' " '^'^ °' ^^^ ^^-'^y div.^ion structions to General Ken whi^^I ^ li' ■'''''^' ^^^^^^^^ t-me personally directing, r.n.c "'^^'^^ ^'^'^ •'" person atth an compelled lo wadr;Lt:7 f^^ ^ -ve ^--<^- "h^ ^n ^^ we would be by an advance aTd T M r ""^"* ^""^ '" Arming the h'ne -,, r.om the covering under which ' w Z'^/T^ ''^ com.fnd f ^rd -n full v,ew of the enemy, who ocLnild K ^' '""'^S^^ '"^o open space '^restofthe hill which ov;rlooks s'T ^''^''^^'^'^ ^"d batteries on th! ^tep. The troops advanced^"' ,n " f' ^'^'^^ ^"' "^^ ^allin^at "v ' ascended, driving the enen^y ffom the.V l."'''^'' '^' ^°°^ ^'^ ^he hil an^ "To h ^^'^^ ^°'' Officers. and the.r ;:,rnt '^tZlZ':^^^^^^^^^^ S;-er and General Kent '•e cavalry; General Hamilton S. H wkin! °' '"' ^°'°"^1 CarroH o •''Vision, and Colonel Pearson ..' *'°"""anding first brigade I^ .- ™>land Majo.W«.,e,f:r'b ,::rjf/;""^ '>^'^»^^- Sltfca! Wesscis was enabled to return =„a "''"''" ''""ng the dawt but A»=, ;":'-'■■". Kenfs Third br gade wat LinT r""^"* Genera. WikoV^l' l-eutenant Colonel Worth to^r o ' ' 1 'Z """"'"' ?'»' '->ve o'c oct pas. twelve o'clock. Lieutenant CoTo'e, T '"' "" "'"'"*=' =' = quarter was wounded at twentv minutes past ^^ ^'"'T *" ""''' command and *vo V d „p„„ ^,^__.^__^ CoionefEw: 'Nint'n'- T" '"^ ^°"""-'' '^"n Upon reach ng the crest r „ j ""''■/' mth mfantry, «n, to the rear for^hovel pi k" s"". ''"'"^'«*» "> be constructed and from the ridge was precipSte t; T """ '"'=^- The enemy- re'treat to it was -Possibi^for'tir^";:, r^7,7 - *°-".>.l/e.ha„sS «er by wading the San Juan Rive ,h J} I *"" "^''^ "^o^ked with and when they reached the crest thevv^err k '""'"" ""'"=*'''' "'* - n '"•. Notwithstanding that condtj^n fh "e "r^': ^''^ '° P™"^'"'''"- 'ie n,ght to erect breastworks, furnish det J ^u""""' """ '^^'"'•i during wounded back in improvised 1,'tt"" '° '""■>' "" ^^^ -" car^- thf '■' ^"""°" ^'""^'^^ "-*^' enforcements „„u,d .„„, ,„,, „^_ 176 THE ADVANCE ON SANTIAGO. V1 that General Lawton would join our right and that Cieneral Bates would come up and strengthen our left. After reaching the crest of the ^^idge. General Kent sent the Thirteenth regulars to assist in strengthening our right. At midnight General Baf'H reported, and I placed him in a strong position on the left of our line, ueneral Lawton had attempted to jum us from Caney, but when very near our lines he was fired upon by the Spaniard and turned back, but joined us next day at noon by a ciicuitous route. TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION ON THE BATTLEFIELD. During all the day on July 2d, the cavalry division, Kent's division and Bates' brigade were engaged with the enemy, being subjected to a fierce fire and incurring many casualties, and later in the day Lawton's division also became engaged. Ap " Joseph Wheeler, Jr., Aide." " Major- General Volunteers. Accompanying the report is a copy of the despatches which were sent to General Shatter by General Wheeler, beginning June 25 and ending July 2. On Julj San Ju,- had woi "I shoveh to Gcnei kins in r best, I. lit |'Ositii.,iJi strong. "A and take you. I li t'k'e. Th wounded night, and hold to-nii morrow al Vou can h Sixth Cava last night a the line wil " I wa: ported the ! Genera! borne out b Ki'ders, of C tlie America countermand Accordii (^f 'neral Whe Wheeler an < then occupied Lieutena the order. ( come and con "Can't J asked, accofdi 12 THE ADVANCE ON SANTIAGO. and .af j?:;;o:;;t:;:„t:,:x;' :r; r "'-^ *= "- -"■<'™" you. , h„ p„3,i„„^ ^.countenanced iattitTn "^ ""' "P"™' '° ".!,"'• The l,„es are very thin is ,„ ,„,„ """''' '^°»' "^ much ores, wounded an,. ,o „,any Z exh^u J ^,"1 h""" ^^ ^°"'' '" '^' ™r »«! 2'; -^ -"■ our. hn,. in,re„ hd and Lam': '" """ "" ^=80. up.^ hold to.m„rro,v, but I fear it will be a ,1 °'"' "S'" « ought to Wan haHl, „ab-.e .„e exhausted c'dlLj^ f ""^ *= "=« "'S"'- i-Wh Cavalry and other foops were un ml, '""'"■ ^he Third and Genera, Wheele^r^ ""^^^ "' ^'"'^'^■ ' iders. of Oklahoma, who asserted th^r't ^°'"P^">' '• "< 'h*^ Rou4 ««= American forces to retreat a,1 ^ '"' ^'""■'" 8"= an order fo, co..n.r„a„ded by GenerTwhe^^tXr "r;^ "" T'' °""^"- According to the story told bv rLP ?. I "^'-y ""i™™. General Wheeler when an orderly fr^fr" ^''^'""''''' ''= »"» landing near V-eler an order to retreat tm ttHdvate"' 'v '" ''™"^'" •» ^fnTr 'h™ occupied the advance position the American forces ''-r"rn^:r^^t,r::i'tTrr'=T?^^----^ereceived co".= and confer With him about n^""^' «^'- and General Kent I -eo,, 10,0. Jmg to McGinnis' story. '-'™'™>"ic-Colonel Roosevelt .^J^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /A h // {./ ^ >. ^. \ ^A v: 1.0 I.I U|M 123 2.0 lU u 140 11:25 i 1.4 Phd rrvmor^rii vu^oyi nc Mil mil I 1.6 Sciences Coiporalion 23 WIST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. UStO (716)872.4S03 ^j%t. '^ !> .^ ^ ^^ .V ^\ V ^ V 178 THE ADVANCK ON SANTIAGO. i\ t> " Yes," said General Wheeler; and he thereupon ordered a charge instead of a retreat. VV. G. Thurman, of the Sixteenth Regiment, says the charge at San Juan Hill was the work of a bugler. Charged Without Orders. "When the Sixth and Sixteenth Infantry had gained a point of 150 yards from the foot of the hill, after a series of short rushes across tlir plain, they dropped to fire and load. They were flat on the ground awaiting the bugle call to make another rush. Suddenly the notes rang out Instead of the short call 'forward!' which they expected, came the longer thrilling,' call of 'charge!' With a yf.ll that would have done credit to the bronzed warriors of the West the soldiers sprang to their feet, and swept up the hill. With a rush they carried it, and on the top stood shooting down the fleeing Spaniards. " The commanding ofiicer of the brigade, General Hawkins, was aston- ished at the charge and the bugle call which ordered it. After the hill had been gained General Hawkins started an investigation to discover who was the bugler. He had no success until he said he did not wish to punish the man, but to compliment him and get him a promotion, if possible. Then the man was pointed out by his willing companions. He was Bugler Schroeder, of the Sixth Infantry. He received the commendation of his chief modestly. The fact that Bugler Schroeder ordered the charge was not noised about, but the men in the brigade knew it, and it was common talk with them. He was a hero with them, for they considered his act the only thing to do. At each short rush more men were falling. As they neared the foot of the hiJI the Spanish fire was getting more deadly and demoralizing. The order tc charge would doubtless have come from the commander after a few more short rushes and rest, but Bugler Schroeder hastened matters." Accou 'To the. "Sir of the ma ceeded to morning, t Cubans ha them were "I roc themselves returned to General Yo ment, A, B, K, of the Fi the Tenth a eluded nearl miles. "Witht prepared and to make an a sent by Genei Tyrree, R. Rj 'i-'ft hand, or fifty troops of k'uns, approacj " General 'ines were dep] ^he enemy n ^ood had dep] an hour the fig, (^r ammunition, CHAPTER X Account of the battle of I . n • GENERAL WHEKLERS r.K ■ i as follows : "="!' <>f S-.boney, or La Q„asi„a, wi the Tenth cavalry, in all -..o m f^"^ "'^"' '"^n^ troops A R P ^Tr eluded nearlv all <^f ^''"' '"^'^'"& the total fnr.« V ' ' ' '"^""^ ^' of „,„,, ^^^'>' ^" of -y comn^and which had ma^h:d 7/ ' -"m"'^ "'^'"^'^ '"- " With th • ^'"^""■'' ^'even w^ R R"Jr' '•eaching to the leff JT ^"'''"^' -™..,„r:ororrs;trs^^^^^^^^^^ . -.". by voncj,s. Finally ,h,,„J,„y^_^^^= 179 180 BATTLE OF LA QUASINA. way and retreated rapidly, our side keeping well closed upon them ; but our men being physically exhau.ted by both their exertions and the great heat were incapable of maintaining the pursuit. " I cannot speak too highly of the gallant und excellent conduct of t' oflficers and men throughout my command. General Young deserves special commendation for his cool, deliberate and skillful management. I also specially noticed his acting adjutant general, Lieutenant A. L. Mills, who under Gen- eral Young's direction, was at various parts of the line, acting with energy and cool courage. "The imperative necessity of disembarking with promptitude had im- pelled me to leave most of my staff to hasten this important matter, and unfortunately I only had with me Major W. D. Beach and Mr. Mestro, an acting volunteer aid, both of whom during the engagement creditably anri bravely performed their duties. I am especially indebted to Major Beach for his cool and good judgment. Brave Rough Riders. " Colonel Wood's regiment was on the extreme left of the line and too far distant for me to be a personal witness of the individual conduct of the officers and men ; but the magnificent bravery shown by the regiment under the lead of Colonel Wood testifies to his courage and sk''' nd the energy and determination of his oflficers, which have been markeO » the moment lie reported to me at Tampa, Fla., and I have abundant evidence of his brave and good conduct on the field, and I recommend him for the consideration of the government. I must rely upon his report to do justice to his officers and men, but I desire personally to add that all I have said regarding Colonel Wood applies equally to Colonel Roosevelt. " I was immediately with the troops of the First and Tenth regular cavalry, dismounted, aad I personally noticed their brave and good conduct, which will be specially mentioned by General Young. Major Bell, as he lay on the ground with a broken leg, said : — " ' I only regret I can't go on with you further.* " Captain Know, though severely wounded, continued as long as possible to exercise his command, and insist>;d to me that he was not much hurt, and Lieutenant Byram also made light of his wound to me and continued upon the line until he fainted. I recommend tncse officers for the favorable con sideration of the government. " I cannot state positively as to the size of the Spanish force which we engaged or to the extent of their casualties, further than that the force was much greater than ours, and that information I have would indicate that their killed li our cstir reports i and mus also gav( •estabiishi 'and the .s tlie fortifi "Th. cavalry— cavalry — lar cavah killed, i6: Colon Quasina, g " Cam June 27, K^ era] conditi We are all 1 better than rough and i " We o and that nig Cavalry Brij position abo make a feint by trail unde get them ot roughest pan "Our lii silently, and ^ hear Young , hours, and w£ "oiloy a great instead of 150 However, to c luially threw t HATTI.i; OI.- I,A QUASINA. killed uid wounded very (ar <.vr,. i .1. , " "" our cs.in,.,e on ,„.« pi,,, ^^i^Zl^T r '"^"^ """"""^"^ "■" repom of .l,e ,Spa„i»l, co„„„a.,Uer T ,.11 """•■" "■•■ """"^ — "> *= •■"d must l,ave l„d .-, bad efll-ce uoon t , "ni^^ f If " '"*'""=" °'"- "■">P^ also gave our ar,„y d.o beautiful a'ud . | * "cH ' '"""'•''' '°'*"'- '' •ostabushed our euca,„pu,c„t, 1, h-,! ! """"■>■ '" "■'"'^l' "<■ have '.;"d the surrounding country, „„d ] " '^ T" "' •■• ''''" ''■=»■ "' Santiago the fortifications of that place "' '° «=°""°it'e close up ,0 cavai;-:,:::;:;;;;;;"^ tmeT.r:::',,"rv '"'?' ""'■'=" ^'^-^ v^'-'- cavalry strength, .44 ; killed /; Z^^ f '"l' ^^-'^d States Regular lar cavalry-strength. 220- k lie I 7 .' ™"' ""'""' States Recu Xmed, ,6; .ounded. 5. ' 'tspe .VurrriittTd ^*' T''"' «^4 = rm , u. ^""^""^^ ^°°^'« Account. Q-r^^:^:;^;-:: - -^^^^ ^'-- -- ^n ^^e ^au. or U ^ " Camp First United Stat" vl L::'cf 7"' ■ '' "" '' ^^"^'^ •■ June 27, r898.-Dear General: Thinkineth.? 1 ''' T^ ""'''' °"^ ^""^'^go. -al condition would interest vou, t k 'tit ' ^"°"' °"'" ^^^'^^ ^"^^ &^n- V e are all ,ettin, alo„, very'con^fl ii V' X^^""^^/ '^ ^-p you a L. better than we expected. Also the countrv / , ^ " ^"^ '''''" ^'""^'''^^ '""ch rough and full of undergrowth i r^thTn i' ' '"^''' ^^°"' '^-"^ ^^^"11/ " We commenced o„r adv'al f P^''^^^^^^^ and attractive. ^ and that night General Yo^ZZ "T "' '?' '^"'■"^ ^'^^^ -> ^he 33d Cavalry Brigade, had a long w . t dk abo T^. " '°"'"^"^ °^ ^^e Second' po.s.t,on about five nnles up^held to 1^ • "V'" ^"^^ ^^^°"S Spanish n.a e a feint on their front! and ho d on t ^ wh", ^ ''""'''^'^ ^'^'^^ '^^ -"'^ by trad under a couple of Cuban guides a' It .. ^"' '° '"^'^^ ' ^^'^^-^ get them out of their very stronfnnt t u . '^"^ '" «'^"'^. «nd try to roughest part of the trail to^^tl.e t'c^ ""• "'''^^ "^^ '" ^^^ -"^-t and Our httle plan worked T i . . , ^"ently. and when' in pos^" fir d'^ ^ : '^ lift' T''^'' ^^ ^^P'^^^d ear Young on the right down in the Ja'lev T,^ "''' ' °P^"^^ ' '^^"'d hours, and was very hot and at rather dos ^" '^'^' '^^^^^ "^er two -"oy a great deal, while my men fired ll .'"T\ '^'^^ ^P^"'^^ used the -tead of ,soo men we had'^^tn " . verv he"'" "^^ ^"^ ^^"^ that However, to cut a lon^ story short w H f °"'^°'' ^^ ^^ ^'^^'-*' thousand ""ally threw th.-m ,n." n:J. '''^' ''"" ^''^v^ tJ,e- -— • ''I'iJ them into fli ght. steadily, but slowly, and hi 182 BATTLE OF LA QUASI N A • i t 1 la^ " Their losses must have been heavy, for all reports coming out of Santi- ago report a great many dead and wounded, and that they — the Spanish — had 4000 men and two machine guns (these we saw), and were under two general officers, and that the Spanish dead and wounded were being brought in for six hours ; also that the garrison was expecting an assault that night, that the defeated troops reported that they had fought the entire American army fui four hours, but, compelled by greatly superior numbers, had retreated, aiiu that the army was coming, etc. " My men conducted themselves splendidly, and behaved like veterans, going up against the heavy Spanish line as though they had the greatest con- tempt for them. Yours sincerely, Leonard Wood. " To General R. A. Alger, Secretary of War." Roosevelt Praises His Men. "There must have been nearly fifteen hundred Spaniards in front and to the sides of us," said Lieutenant- Colonel Roosevelt just after the fight. "They held the ridges with rifle pits and machine guns, and hid a body of men in ambush in the thick jungle at the sides of the road over which we were ad- vancing. Our advance guard struck the men in ambush and drove them out. But they lost Captain Capron, Lieutenant Thomas and about fifteen men killed or wounded. " The Spanish firing was accurate, so accurate indeed that it surprised me, and their firing was fearfully heavy. I want to say a word for our own men," continued Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt. " Every officer and man did his duty up to the handle. Not a man flinched." From another officer who took a prominent part in the fighting, more details were obtained. "When the firing began," said he, Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt took the right wing with Troops G and K, under Captains Llewelyn and Jenkins, and moved to the support of Captain Capron, who was getting it hard. At the same time Colonel Wood and Major Brodie took the left wing and advanced in open order on the Spanish right wing. Major Brodie was wounded before the troops had advanced one hundred yards. Colonel Wood then took the right wing and shifted Colonel Roosevelt to the left. " In the neantime the fire of the Spaniards had increased in volume, but, notwithstanding this, an order for a general charge was given, and with a yell the men sprang forward. Colonel Roo.sevelt, in front of his men, snatched a , ririe and ammunition belt from a wounded soldier, and cheering and yelling with his men, led the advance. In a moment the bullets were singing like a swarm of bees all around them, and every instant some poor fellow went down. On the right wing Captain McClintock had his leg broken by a bullet from a Captain K and ] charged Rooseve like fienc on with J "Th coveted j pleasure, nient of j "Wl the Spani Santiago j *" I a pigs can b Captai after Captai United Sta fighting of 1 " I am fighting, bul was with Tr advance gua " On th we were clo! night. Capt, come across Thomas Isbe: and fired. " This Wl I'^hcll himsell our field hosi hut not dange "igton, suiferii RATTLK OF LA QUASINA. from a machine gun while fonr ^f . • Capeain Luna, ofVJp't .« „ e'^f r.,r' ^7'^ •^' *= ^^ «™ K and E, were ordered up ^"- ^'''■■" ''"-^ reserves, Troo,,s n.en. of Shooting with ,he .nomy i„ "gh? ' ^ ^" ""-Bl. «- engage- Santiago and read in p„„ a, follZs ""' ""P^""'' '^""""ander a, piBS cin blglgaSt:'. """ '"'"'' '° «-' a" «- f-ce, the A„„iea„ ^ere Not Ambushed, v-aptam John R Thonns Tr r r-i • after Captain Capron was killed ^t ^17?°; ";''° ^'"' '^^^''^^ ^^ ^roop L. United States Court. Indian Turrit r;"H:/oM'' ^•''" ^^ ^''°"^^^' "'^'- fiffhtmg of the Rough Riders '' ^" ""teresting story of the «s „„h Troop L. a. La Quasina „"de7 C « " ,- °" ""•• ^'•"' °' J""0 ' ::-rc-o:srr5H'^-?r-^ come across the body of a dead Cu' jlr^V" ^ ^''^ "'^ "■^' ^"^ '^^^ Thomas Isbell. of Indian Territory s. q' 5 " """"*'•' '■'^^^'" P'-'vate ^"d fired. ^'"'"'y- '-^ Spaniard m the brush ahead of him ishcii Iimse7.;tht:^:i;:;^ z^tt' ^^^ ^^^^"-'^ ^^" ^-d. 0- field hospital, which wa f l^y o mn:r'i„ tl "'"^^^' '^ "^"^' ^-'^ ^" b" not dangerously wounded, and is n.:'",;", f .^ ^^^^^ , "^ -- Painfully '"gton, .uffering from a badly injured "thumb ^'^ "^ ^^'"y °^' ^^^^h* }'i»l 184 BATTLE OF LA QUASI N A. Ill t 1 I l\ I " It has been said that we were ambushed, but that is not so. Poor Cap- tain Capron received his death wound early in the fight, and wliile he was lying on the ground dying he said, ' Let nie see it out ; I want to see it all.' He lived an hour and fifteen minutes after the bullet struck him, and up to the moment that he fell he had acted fearlessly, and had exposed himself all ithe time to the enemy's fire. " I was then next in command of the troop, and I noticed that some of bur men lay too closely together as they were deploying. I went down tho line ordering them to their proper distances, and as I passed along poor Hamilton Fish was lying, mortally wounded, a few feet from me. " When he heard my voice Fish raised himself on his elbow and said, ' I am wounded, I am wounded.' That was the last I saw of him in iife. He- was very brave, and was very popular among the men of the troop. " Sergeant ' }oe ' Kline, of Troop L, was wounded early that day, and was ordered to the rear with several other wounded men. On his way to the rear Kline discovered a Spanish sharpshooter in a tree and shot at him. The Spaniard fell dead, and Kline picked up a silver-mounted revolver which fell from the dead man's clothing, as a souvenir, which he highly prizes. Wore Stolen Uniforms. "Several of the Spanish sharpshooters had picked upcast-off clothing oi *he American soldiers, and they wore these v hile they were at iheir deadly work. As soon as we discovered this orders were issued to all our men to avoid climbing into the trees, so that any person who was discovered in that position was picked off by our men, with the result that several of the Spanish sharpshooters died with American clothes on. "These sharpshooters seemed to take intense delight in shooting at wounded men as they were being brought to the rear in litters, and several of our poor wounded brothers ware killed outright by these marksmen. The Spaniards are pretty good fighters, but when our men charged on them they quit their trenches. Several members of our troop had Indian blood in their veins, but they were all brave fellows, and good fighters. " Sergeant Dillwin Bell, of our troop, who is a son of M. E. Bell, super- vising architect of the Treasury at Chicago, was badly injured from an explod- ing shell while on the firing line. He was ordered to the rear, but quickly came back again. He was ordered away a second time, but a few minutes ,later he was to the front again firing away. For a third time he was sent back, and once more he insisted on going to the front, and when the other men saw him they greeted him with rousing cheers, and he fought till the end of the day, although painfully wounded in the bacH, "1 who CO to be ca but he I "I inch a fij ■"ian Juar Prit. I , tlie color "Co down the giving CO much exf ber of Sf Our men ; "Wh 'isle. Pa., \ illustrate t He, with f tlieir cantet %'inish ca\ only man w had some s; " Uter o story. The; fire on them dead ones, a wasn't it ? " Captain figlit had last bullet, and w, He said there and that, con care of. Lieutenar '"? story of th " On the I and a half fron of Santiago, th BATTI.K OF LA QUASINA. obe earned to the rear. Young WaltrS,nrn""'' '''''' ''^"''^' ««• ''ad '-t he .s very „.uch alive to-day f e wa w^:' ^'"^•''^'" ^^^ --eported killed. . , l'=^""ot speak too highly of Colold tT "^ r"''!:^^' '°'' ^ '^''"^^ ^^'"J^'. ■nch a fighter, and led a cha^of d^to:.^ ^°""^^''- ^^^' '^ -ery San Juan successfully. It ^i , wo.Srdr^ ^^ '^""^^ "'^" '" P'^^ a^ Jjn ■ I was not there, but I have been tCd « t'r''' T^'^"^' ^"°--'^'« the colonel on the hill. ^^''^ ^'^ '^ repeatedly by those who saw ' Colonel Leonard W /^ u • do^n ,h. (iri,,,, „„e i„ „„ °°^' "*° - "- brisadier genera,, walked up and E.vmg c„,„„.and,, ,o his men. H ^a, „k:7! "*" "»"'-.••>" «■. 'wMc Ho. Pa., w„„LL;^",: hX .J.r„rT^ "»" -™<' Han. or Ca. J^uslraee better than a„y,hinB dTe ^T ''""^' '=" » ^""y "''"ch will He, with five other n.en^ad^crtle^a, ""''' "' ''' '^'"=*'^" »'>°°'" l."r canteens. As ihey got into the „ '^ '" " ""^ '° '^"^ '°"" «'" " ■Spanish cava-ry,„en, wlfo^cnt hen^'^td", ^t" ''"='^'''" ''>- ""Xy-two only man who was not killed, h" was 6^71" '^"■^ '''"'''=^- '=" "^ h" kad^me sabre wounds on his bojy ""^ '""'P'^'' ""^ "-o '-orses, and -p and thirty-two dead C-r^h-C -;;--— S;^'- Pe^bTtlriuTte^:^^^^^^^^^^^ «t =' - Q-na, when thj Mict, and was unable to take an actTve p r. „ ft / 1'^'" ''^ "'* ' "^use He a,d there was no reason ,o find fault'^^fth the'; ^J""^ """ "" "-' ^V- -^ — ". -o..„g, the wo:rrr ,°L:=j,rs T • . Regulars at El Oanev Lieutenant VV. H. Wassell nf .u -r »d a h^a'l'ft ™t :[,/,";V; ^ « ^'VouackX .e crest of a hill a „n »' Santiago, the Mecca^f ot b, o^^^^!;;:'^ ^^ "^ - we;::!,": f ,S. II ■}ft 186 BATTLK OF LA QUASINA. " Wc had broken camp early in the afternoon. The march to the hill had been a short one, but we had been held up along the niachetc-cut trail to allow other troops to pass, and knee-deep creeks had made the men footsore. " Our principal meal for the day had consisted of tightening up our belts Tired, wet and hungry, the men threw themselves on their blankets just off tlu roadside. We were not allowed to light fires. A piece of hardtack, a slici of bacon and a pull from the canteen— this was the last supper of many a poor soldier. But the meal was made with a brave spirit, and brave hearts there were within the men who gulped down the scant fare. " We were awakened before daylight on the morning of the 1st by troops passing along the road. Soon came the order for us to fall in, and in a few minutes we were on the march. "The Twenty-second United States Infantry formed the extreme left of a line that was to march through the village of Kl Caney. We had been tol.l that we would encounter about five hundred Spaniards in the village— thai wc would have little or no opposition. " The original plan of battle seems to have been to have our right swci p the village of Kl Caney, and then, swinging to the left, gc ^ to Santiago on tlio north, while the main force attacked from the east, hut this plan fell throu^-h when the Spaniards were found in force at El Caney, General Linares commanding the forces there in person. Cutting Through Undergrowth. " At about half-past six o'clock in the morning the Second battalion of the Twenty-second regiment was dei)loyed near the road leading to Santia^'o and about two miles south of El Caney. We were then pushed due east for half a mile, over wire fences and through country overgrown with tough vines and Spanish bayonets. " Meeting no opposition in this direction, our march was changed to the right. It was impossible to keep the men in the extended order formation by squads. They cut their way through the undergrowth for a mile and a lialf. The easiest marching we had was when we pulled ourselves up the vertical banks of a twenty foot ravine. " At about nine o'clock we found ourselves within five hundred yards of El Caney. During the last hour we had been under a slight but persistent fire from the Spanish sharpshooters, a fire that we could not return on account of the impossibility of locating it. The greater part of it came from guerrillas concealed in tree tops, which easily concealed the slight puffs of smoke made by their Mausers. . " During the morning we found a Spanish morning report showing tliat BATTLK OF LA QUASI N A. — .^=::r ^:— ^^^^ a. _ .. ...„,, J -re and sudden d.atl, were g"vcn bZ of "''""" '>' ^^"'— ^ „'ean ^"''' to pick ofr AuK-rican offic'e ^ ' °'-"'"""'^-n and .sent up trees and Ihcse guerrillas were all over the field .1-^ nt,'l.t and to our left-and how well t ' d T "'' '" ^'""' °^ "•*•' »« our '-r o, killed and wounded officers C 'T"'"'^ '' -^''"^" ^^X th « nm" general officer. "^u.auvru.^T e.> co.n3"'r """T "" '"^" «-"K linC: [ f'om guerrilla warfare. ^0"'"'and. fron. the rear all suffered ahk' " ■A'* We canic in view nf Pi r- f ^^•. but, with a splendid "-""^ "'-" "^^^ ^-^^"ted with a fusillade of 'I'sregard of death, the bat- ^^ talion officers calmly sur- veycd the field to locate our cnen,ies-and this was a difficult task. "About five hundred yards north of us Jay the village. We could see a few houses in a group, the largest banked with earth •-"1(1 loop-holed for rifle fire between the village and us was what had been a culti- vatcd field. Save for a few "draggling bushes it gave ' '^'^J^fi^'Jd for firing on us. NEW oatmng r.;v p,.. ^"^ ^1 the rear of the village w.s a b. '''' ^^'^ ^^^^"^ , Led : ^f'-' ■^"°" ^^-oi: d f •t":h''°^?°"-^^-^^'"^ ^ ^pa-^sh i ll 188 BATTLK OF LA QUASI N A. i% I , ifi. *)■ I'l .i i^* « ii struck. Men lost from their commands joined us. Once we heard a gnnt] old American cheer come from ri^jht in front of us. " Men and officers were exhausted from short rations, hard marching and the Cuban sun. Our left was wholly unsupported. We were only a thin skirmish line, almost touching the enemy, but knowing the location of neithtr friend nor foe. And so for hours manoeuvred our lines to find the Spanisii •position. " About noon we succeeded in doing this. In an ordinary battle on ordinary ground we would have entered the engagement with all the informa- tion that to gain here took two hours under a fire of hitherto unknown fero- city—a fire thai; cost us our colonel killed, our lieutenant colonel and one lieutenant wounded. The loss among the men had been equally severe. Americane' Turn at Last. "Shortly after noon we had the Spanish works in our immediate front well located, and, after a few changes of position, it came our turn to hurl every one of our hundred cartridges per man at a living Spanish target. Part of our line was stretched across the cultivated field, the other part, at ri^jlit angles, occupying the commanding crest of a hill. " Our first fire acted like magic on the men. For two hours they had been inanmiate targets, now it was their turn. We could see forces that out- numbered us. Not till later in the fight did we discover what greatly superior numbers on the left we had to contend against. "Our first shots were directed against the blockhouses, the fortified houses and the entrenchments. It was infantry in the open against infantry under cover, and it must go down to the credit of the American soldier— tlic private soldier— that we lay on open ground, and, by a fire that was as cooIl> directed and as well aimed as though on the target ground, we kept the Spin- ish heads below their entrenchments. " Every art known to warfare was used by the Spaniards in the location of their intrenchments. Apache, Sioux, Cheyenne could not teach them craft in this bush warfare. " As we had only one hundred cartridges per man and as our position was greatly exposed it was a matter of primary importance that no shots should be wasted, and so officers lay on the firing line as far to the front as any man of their companies. With their field glasses the officers kept a con- stant watch on every visible part of the Spanish works. " All at once an officer's head would pop up from behind the enemy's works. Ten seconds later the intrenchments would be alive with heads and pointed Mausers. One-tenth of a second later our company officers would caution c fire. "Wi f»f the Sp bejnnd thi "We was the c coulies th( dropped. "The hot aftcrno stated that two were v, inarksmans " More bullets and the crest of the house w " With( have shot hi puncture Sp; above the ci and many a 1 " This w, not risk the c for a support artillery, even "But the hold our posil for a moment take their deac " To our could do was i turning point o afternoon one ] one in my che behind the hill "At about BATTLE OF ,,A QuasINA. caution our men anri tu -. ^^!' "f .1,0 Span "hTullo"," WcZ w''- ^ """"'•" '"" -"« .h. 'pin,,. "a. thi- coyo'e'c""()r"''"'"f'' '"'''' "' '"'""ds i„ Mont.,,,, t, c "UU3 were in tits favor but ^fiii '-"«»iict. in h,.s prottctcH dropped ^O"-. but still we would run hin. till one of us The long red house gave us th. = -r --' ^' - --r ^r V;-- 1 ri " More than mark«im.« u- buMeu ,„d without a mn. '^" r" «"' "lat look the dose of « u ti.-r«,ofthecarth„„;rb;thr%''r'' ""'"'»" ■' ~tiv°d amT:'* "Th; . ^^-yed for ArtiUery ihis was the fiaht «„ *"o*y. ^"^0 our Po.t,n,:„l t"::'™" ,f = "^^ -- -o. l „, we .ere to ."^e he. deadly fi. without S™lgt V", «-.'^-' = ^".cK ^0,,:,^ ' Jo our right we could hear tr.!.'" "'" "•='«!< allotted u, »"M do wa. to hope that there oufT '"^ "" "" '"*""oc„. AH wc '"'"'"g point on the village „ou M Z T '""" '"'"'•"■ ""> 'hat there t^e 'fenoon one Mauser buKuc tdrd" .'*' "^"^ ''"'P'^' fourt the ^indthTi:;fit' '"' °- -™drt;t::rY"'" -^'^"^-'■^ la tne h.ii we occupied. ^^ ^^*^''' ^ was carried down - — ocWU,.eardU.eg,^des.sou„dthathasreachedtheea,s 190 BATTLE OF LA QUASINA. of an American. First, the firing all along our line became one incessant, never-ending report ; then a wild, exultant cheer went up from our right, as our lines swept the town. It was a cheer from white throats and from black throats, a cheer that thrills, caught up and echoed back to doomed Santiago, and right in view of the lines of the Twenty-second the Spaniards retreated. " It was our turn now. AH day long we had waited for it. Now we sent bullet after bullet at them— not at their heads alone, but at any point from sole of foot to crown of head, so long as it was Spanish. So the fight ended. "We went out in the morning to march through a little village that would give no opposition. We struck a fortified position, commanded by the rank- ing General at Santiago, but though it cost the Twenty-second alone a colonel killed, six officers wounded, two .sunstruck, and many men killed and wounded, yet by sunset the village and many prisoners were ours.'' Private Cos out a scratc in file storn war experiei " To da double file o was a tremen dense jungle, ing was. It werhaiiging " It Was ''cavy rolls a scream or whi see the enemy try our guns. i"d down as fa i'oys got recklc " Mentally 'o'^t Captain G about six othen '^elost twenty I '>'ith our extendi >ras also shot. " It is a grej as much as any < I'l'sspot, andafte " We landed t^o. The fleet I Jlie real work bcj jfrom four till eigh CHAPTER XI. Rough Riders' Stories of th • ^ 0"> » scratch, but teleirranh ^'''^'■"»' "" J"ne 2. IT *' "^^y- war experience : '"' ^"^ - "•= story the boy had ,0 irlfrT To day we had the first 1, u . "'" double file on a oath ft, f ''' "■'* "ic enemv w "as a tremendous „ "«'" ''^ »">"*, when the s™ ."""' "'""''"e '" =-.::tro^br*-'?-rbX'"d:r^^ « 'Le enemy or smoL 1 1'" f "^ """ '«=''«' "We exnt ' '""" ">= "y our guns wr ■ ' ""= "'•=<' a couple of r^ !. ^ "°""- I <«d not '».' .ot recki:fs:jre"J''^/'>e P-p/rationtn ^ jJ-ro^-P'-^ "P "»"S^L^rS"'* "'•'' '-'"""TserXt^H "r""""^'"-' L '«ta twenty ki2 'Tf "«"nded. T^fspln" d" »^" "■'*■ ■''- ="" •* our e«e!rde^' „V;„d S"^ """""='•■ Th y -^ tt S 'd' ""' """' ""'■'-:r.reath::S"- ~^^^^^ ^"---- " We landed day be or?^'^^ ^"d got it. ''^ *^^ '"^^^ but noted F--*t£^^^^^^^^^^^ "'" -" -"- 191 192 ROUGH RIDERS' STORIES. with guns, cartridge belts filled with lOO or 125 cartridges, rolls containing each a blanket, half a shelter tent and a poncho, and haversacks, with tlnxc days' rations, was very hard. Half of my squad of eight fell out, but I stuck it out. The load to carry is hard. " On reaching camp I was put on guard, got a soaking in a shower, and nearly mis.sed supper; but I finally got dry, and slept till one a.m., wIilii 1 again went on guard till three. At four we were up, and off, as I have suil, by five. Then another tramp up hills and over mountains, until we had the fight. I was so sleepy that, during the engagement, whenever I sat or lay down, I nearly went to sleep. I feel all right now. I have my tent up and will sleep to-night splendidly. I enjoy the ooking part of it. We make a fire, boil water in cups, fry a little bacon, soak hardtack in the grease, and have a good meal. * " I enclose a few souvenirs from the field of battle. The ground is cov- ered with empty shells from cartridges fired by the Spaniards. I don't know how many of them were killed. We found a few bodies, but they say that the woods to Santiago are lined with all sorts of stuff, showing where they fled. They ran in great shape when the first troops got started to return the fire. The Tenth cavalry (colored), did very good work. Picturesque and Fertile Country. " Cuba certainly seems healthy. It is a beautiful, hilly country about here, and there are cocoanut palms, cactus and other tropical-looking plants in abundance. We have only had two or three showers of ten minutes each a day. The nights are cool, with a heavy dew. I find that by covering my- self with a poncho I can keep dry. " We are encamped on a hill where we cannot be surprised. We get fine spring water, and have whatever breeze there is, and are happy at the prospect of a rest. I evidently stand it much better than most of the boys, as 1 am absolutely sound. As for the climate, do not worry ; it really is not bad." Mr. Cosby, who is a lawyer, was taken to the hospital at Tampa, where, speaking further concerning his experiences, he said : " I was struck in the left hand on July 1st, while waiting for orders to charge a Spanish blockhouse. The ball passed through the brim of my hat, which I was holding in my hand, struck my hand and then entered mv chest, where it now remains. " A number of officers were killed and wounded through their own fool- hardiness. They remained standing after ordering the men to lie down. The entrenched enemy had blazed the trees around their breastworks so as to get i the range perfectly with their artillery as well as rifles, and they picked off j our me on acco r •Cu. Wc knc containing , with llu(.c but I stuck ihower, and ..M., VVllLIl 1 '. have said, we had the sat or lay tent up and We make a grease, and und is cov- don't know ley say that where tliey ) return the •^OUGH KIDKRS^ STORIES. failed and wounded """'' <"" "-at ie wa.,„'e fo "' * '"" '■■ '"''. " The Spaniard; used ' ^^ °^ ""•"' «« Spanish volu„lee„ wh! "° '''P'°»'^= b-llets-tha, is „ "'^"-^r:;- rr ^""- • '""^=^"' '^""- -o/r ^^■"e the command to r,^^ ^"'^ '^^ ^'"-" ^"ugh R 1 \""^ ^'^'^ ""n>e- -t down, but tl e're , nd^;'"' ""'""^ -uufstop r^' h^ TT "^ ^•''^- Private Cosby was It !,''^; ""' ^"^ '^^^' J^^^Y iTt^iUV "': '^'"'^" Jg-ent of the Lp^' '\Z'' ^° -P-s any' op'inio j"^ :,!'" r'^^-y'' disposed to express an n. • '"'■^^°" ^^ood bv anH f^ "'^ ">''"■ Sergeant CaslT on ^r"'°" ''^^P^^ ^in,. ^' '"'^ ^^^"^ver he was tary of War AWr a f.f °^\P^''*>' ^^ Wounded soldier, , i ;•" ^'-t famous SgV o ^ntr'^^ ^'^ -^^^-- wasl^fi !!' -.^-- t'>e situation at Sanl ^ experiences to the C. . '^ Participant ^e left, he said "'^^° ^"^ °^ ^^^ ^^^^ements wh'hTaT' '" ^^'^'"^ - . " The fighting was hard . u """"'''^ '^'^"-^ i3 that the Span.sh were in ambush TnH '""'^ "°^ ^"•- '"bush, and we were trying to stis* 194 ROUGH RIDERS STORIES. beat them out. We knev that at any minute they were hkely to open fire on us, and when they did so from two or three quarters wc were expectnig .t and went at them. mi.. '< We were in the short cane, where the Spanish could easily locate us an ' keep track of us. The bullets from the Spanish rifles cut the cane around us and picked off our men incessantly. , ^ *i, r " We were ordered not to discharge our guns until we reached the line of fire and for several hours crawled up the face of the hill among the short cane, the bullets flying thick among us. without returning the fire. •■ We were half way up the hill, and near the line of fire, other troops being ahead of us, when I was struck. I then crawled back to the creek. where there was a field hospital, and had my arm dressed. •' A good many wounded had to lie down in the damp edge of this creek all day long because we were in the line of fire, and the Spanish were con- stantly firing at the hospital." The wounded Rough Rider spoke in the highest terms of the conduct of Colonel Roosevelt during the engagement. He said the then Lieutenant- Colonel was always at the front and cheered his men on to the well-deserved victory. He did not take account of danger, but set a bold example of bravery. Some of the Wounded Talk. Sergeant Kline, of Troop L of the Rough Riders, a wiry little man with light blue eyes, was shot in the second fight-that at San Juan-through the knee cap. the bullet coming through the hip. He was standing bes.de Lieutenant Thomas-a son of Judge John R. Thomas of Vin^a, Ind.an Ter- ritory-who commanded the troop after the death of Captam Capron. When Thomas fell with a bullet through his foot, he at first refused to be moved, but lay on the ground, cheering on his men, until he was p.cked up by two privates. He was carried off the field after Kline had cut off his trousers and tied the string of his canteen around his leg as a tourniquet to check the bleeding, in all probability saving the lieutenant's life. In describing the first fight of the Rough Riders-that at La Quasma- Kline said it was no ambuscade and that Roosevelt's men deliberately charged the Spaniards, knowing that they were probably outnumbered ten to one, •' And I want to say right now," said Kline, " that the colored troops of th Tenth Cavalry backed us up in splendid style. No men could have fougli mo.e gallantly than they did, and if it hadn't been for their assistance I m not sure what might have become of us. "We found when we captured the trenches that the enemy had been primed with liquor in order tu make them fight the harder, for in many of the ROUGH RIDERS' STORIES. , . - -*x^ii«.i>- STORIES tre-ches we captured quantities nf ^95 even barrels of wine." ' "" ^^'""^ «"^' brandy i„ bottle, and fl . Private .idward C.Iv. u ^'^'' ^"'l Territory, was struck bvl' ° ''^°"^"^ *° *^^ Cherokee tr'h • iay where he fell fl / ^^ '"^''^^^^ bounded but r.ll- , at the enen,; b2 1 rb?"'^ ^--' -d rnana^ Ltt T'''^' ^"'^^ Jying wounded on «,oir '°' ""'^^ '^om loss of bf'"'^-^'^ ^^°^« of the Spanish n.l I f'^^ ^^ ^-- his berth ^itnes ^t ""/''' ^^ our people wiped then, o 't^ V" ""' ^ood.- saidT' ' , t"''°" tlieir bunks got up and r , J^ ^"^'^ °" the Olivette ll ^ ^^"^ "^^y ^^and. I thfnk that slT.'i'' "^ °" ^-'^ and chee'e. "r/T" '>''"^ '" army, although I don f "' "" '""'"^ good than Jlf,,""''^ "^'^ ^°"^d"'t were hurt receded the V" ''^ ^">'^hing aga^n^t 1 /"'^'-^^ '"" ^^e off the field." ''' ^''y '^- of attention'asron T^ ^J,^' °^ ^ ^^o Roof o* ^^ "'Wed *«. and, talv " a 1 S "°'"^=''- B-*s « Sad" „ «' ''^''""^' -" appeared ,„ be ,„ ,h, j„„;"«^''« of so„g „ere miss/n/w"™''' ^^■"- -::retf l^--'"-- 'rj- ^^^^^ I 196 ROUGH RIDERS' STORIES. through his stomach, and I guess he bcHeves in tliat maxim. Shortly after- ward we saw the Colonel, his cook, and two of the troopers of Company I strike out along the narrow road toward the town, and we wondered what was up. " It was probably an hour or so after this, and during a little resting spell in our work of clearing ground and makings things a little camp-like, that the savory and almost forgotten odor of beef stew began to sweep througli the clearing. Men who were working stopped short and began to snifif, and those who had stopped work for a breathing spell forgot to breathe for a second. Soon they joined in the sniffing, and I'll wager every one of us was sniffing as hard as he knew how. Oh, but didn't that smell fine! Wc weren't sure that it was for us, but we had a smell of it anyway. Quickly drooping spirits revived, and asthefumes of the boiling stew became stronger the humor of the men improved. We all jumped to our work with a will, and picks, shovels and axes were plied in race-horse fashion, while the men would stop now and then to raise their heads and draw a long breath and exclaim: ' Wow! but that smells good.' Had "Real Onions" in It. " We were finally s.immoned to feed, and then you can imagine our sur- prise. There was a big boiler and beside it a crowd of mess tent-men dishing out real beef stew! We could hardly believe our eyes, and I had to taste mine first to make sure it wasn't a dream. You should have seen the expres- sions on the faces of the men as they gulped down that stew, and we all laughed when one New York man yelled out: 'And it's got real onions in it, too ! ' " After we had loaded up we began to wonder where it all came from and then the two Troop I men told how the colonel had purchased the potatoes and onions while his own cook secured the meat from Siboney. " You probably won't believe it, but the bushel of potatoes cost Colonel Roosevelt almost ^60, and he had to pay thirty odd good American dollars to get the onions, but then he knew what his men wanted, and it was always his men first with him. There was a rush to his tent when we learned this, and if you ever heard the cheering I'm sure you wouldn't wonder why the Rough Riders all love their colonel. " I see," said Burkholder, "that in his address to the men at Camp Wikoff the colonel' told how he had to hurry at the San Juan Hill fight to save him- self from being run over by the men. That's just like him to say that; but he probably forgets that more than half of the men never ran so fast before and never will again, as they had to run to keep up with him. If Colonel of San Ju the shouli 'right brea "IWi of it also down the 1 New York member oj He wet hi; that I was Key West. " Color the time, ch stories printed tfiat make tear but he stood i remark when ; body fell forwa "vard I kept the A Spaniarc American volun ROUGH RIDERS' STORIES. Roosevelt Jived in Arizona we wouM • u- ^^ any election nonsense. " ^'^" ^'"^ ^"X office he wanted without Mason Mitchell an f Santiago on lulv i./ ^ ^''^°'' ''"'^ ^ member of TrooD K u,. b" " J"v '^t, during the arf.ll«..., c *'"op K, was wounded at of San luan Hill u . ^""iery fire just befni-^ tu^ r """<;a at I was just about to rise " h. j - of i. aUo .,„„,k two o.Ll;„''',r;l "^" "" ^'''" ^-^l' "■- Piece. He wet his handkerchief fro™ h" s ,t ee„ t°. K T '^°"""-' ""■= ^lo t ^^ P-. . ...... to »srpir:^r:xfi Colonel Roosevelt disnla,,,.^ - -. -. o„ hi. .S =-- .H_ . ,, ^^^ Lieutenant I R Th^"'' " ^""'' *° "^ ^^o*' "A Mauser bultt hoTeZl'h'',::'.!'"''"' "''° --«" a wound said ■ been te With a basebal, bat with Tpain tft o^ »™''" ""= *■«' '*= '-'-'d -f^L-S;^ "--^■' OWVI ™a„ Who caught hi. . papers -ke ou^. B:c\V":rt:\ir '; "^ "°*= ■^'^•"-. as the ".aTait;^ jSdH' "^'^ -"^' -tr^H^rrrr "• / always. Uid you know he wrr,t^ 3 v '^"'et and cen- » ones prmted in the //,,/a„J ffZ, ZZ" ' ^°" ""ght to read some of his to make tears co™e into yo.T/yl^'VZYr'-- »'-- of life out It te he stood up himself, which ^^0^8 / '°" '"" ""» "> "<= down emark when a bullet caught himin t^ "uckey,' and he had just madia H' fell forward, and we Tulh Im befo '"T^' "' "''=" insLt iy Hi -rd I kept the buzzards fronfhL body ■ ' '= "'="=" «>= ^'-A m": ^^ Spaniard who w^<: ra,^*. j • .Wica„.olu„teers. -?r„o;"4i;: ^^ st^d^'w^^^^^^ ^^ "tuiers. When we fired I 198 ROUGH RIDERS' STORIES. a volley they advanced instead of going back. The more we fired the nearer they came to us. We were not used to fighting with men who act so." This comment touches a gratifying feature of the engagement. Five hundred volunteers surprised on a narrow trail successfully drove back four times their number, under a fire which killed or wounded every tenth man. This is what is called a decimating fire and one under which, accordmg to; military tactics, troops are expected to retreat. The credit of the engage- ment is therefore, all the greater for the reason that instead of a retreat there was a steady, cool advance, which only ceased when the enemy's base was taken and they were seen retreating, carrying their wounded. Forty dead Spaniards were afterward found. , , t^. . ^^ , The charge of the Tenth Cavalry of the regulars, and the First Cavalr\', who coming up by the other trail, cleared the ridge upon which the enemy was entrenched, assisted equally in the repulse. The Spaniards had selected the position with care. The two trails from Siboney approach Quasma like the halves of a wish bone, with the Spanish position at the meeting ponit. The enemy were accordingly so placed that they were able to see down the valley and cover the approach of the Americans whichever way they came. General Young arranged to meet Colonel Wood at this spot, and, as his trail was longer, he started from Siboney with the regulars half an hour in advance of the volunteers. His scouts saw the Spaniards on the ridge long before those in the brush were discovered by Colonel Wood. The losses m killed and wounded were for this reason greater among the volunteers be- cause of the ambush, which brought them to from thirty to fifty yards of the enemy. , ... . One feature of the fight which illustrated the spirit shown by our men was when one man fell out wounded, three or four others did not fall out also to help him to the rear, a service which is, as a rule, most popular. On the contrary, the wounded lay where they dropped, unattended except by the hospital corps. In three cases there were men wounded in the arm or leg who cared for others fatally wounded. There was no one else near to help them, for no one of the volunteers who was able to shoot did anything else. Marshall's Devotion to Duty. The spirit shown by Edward Marshall, the newspaper correspondent, was as admirable as that of any soldier on the field. He was shot first on the firing line, and, though the bullet passed within an inch of his spme and threw him into frequent and terrible convulsions, he continued in his mtervals ot consciousness to write his account of the fight, and gave it to a wounded soldier to forward to his paper. This devotion to duty by a man who uc- ROUGH RIDERS- STORIES. lieved he was dyintr wis -.« fi., -'*^*^^- jgg - .f ae a ban .aW,. The g™ ', J "„ ™r"'™,' «» - fase and i™ vnesanmch 'hick. .raili„/b„3ht 1.1"'"'', ""= '""«= top^d.d by netV whici, tear the fl«,f ,„j '^;, f;'"' .an.,, known as •• SpanL bayo' ■h^'r way, CI ,.„^,^ ,^^___ wot w 1^^' °'''^'' '" ""^ *= "»" huZ obeyn,g Colonel Wood. .oLr^i:!' ,r,r'""°"' '«"""'' f- "-h, bu. iney disproved all that had h / organization was formed TJ,« u ''' '" <='''t'C'5m of them wh.n .i. Eastern element in Troop Kfo'^lu'''' "'"^^^-^ P-^^ect disc^Tne and h ' coolne. and intelligence "" ''^ ^'"'^ ^^ -"^^es acted wUh'absolut' ^'■^'^^^y and Hairbreadth E8can«« cJlo! ''°"°*" ""'■ ""= ''" ""' """'"^ "'""e on hi •™ope°a"ptX'k"„'ri,"fi^;,t/r.'h'''""^'r' "-^ -•- -'■-, saw „ ,„"'ii "!'' '° "'™'-- The boy :^ " 1 T' .t """^ "« -" <"-*red look his place and raised his carblnll, ""^ 1""^"'='' f^^ard limping. As he Colonel Wood looked and aw,hnt 'h V".^ " ^'' ''^ "' » lit.le stiff sir " '^c- side of the trooper's leg O e badftl'b^f °"^''^ '-'- -' a/^ Mrks m three distinel places Ttl, ^ . ""''" P"'^ ^° <:'«e that he ha! .1.= fl«h and blistered it*^ " "'°"^'' ' "<>' P-""^-- had been drawn across Color Serjeant Wrifrhf r.r r\ , -rying the flag, had hi, I air " "p^d fn' ,""" ?"'='' ^'°- "> Colonel Wood "r ,»""«' *a. passed througMlf flal ? ' %"" '"' "''" scorched by '.* of Colonel Wood were wound d b^otl": "" ^''"*'"' ™ -">- He was cool and deliberate alwws br J ^ '"'"""' "'''' "> ^-h him U rumed d.stillery. shut in by imp 'able h ,'""'"'' P°"'"°" "as a. an -. across, .he men did so J^ tj^ XL^:^--- 200 ROUGH RIDERS' STORIES. 11 To the Spaniards they looked like a skirmish line thrown out in advance of a regiment. Ti>e Spaniards could not believe that so few men woukl advance with such confidence, unless supported in force, so they turned an.l ran. What had looked to the enemy as an advance line was every man Colonel Wood had at his disposal. As the Spanish fire slackened and ceased, those far to the left saw them retreating. The men cheered with a long, panting cheer, as the charge was led by Lieutenant Colonel Roosevelt and Colonel Wood some twenty feet in advance. That ended the fight. The Splendid Charge. John Fox, Jr., the young novelist, who was with the army of invasion in Cuba, wrote the following brilliant account of the heroic work done by Roose- velt's' Rough Riders in the deadly ambuscade at La Quasina: " This I was taking in when the Riders were fighting their way forward, foot by foot, and making the charge that won the day. " ' Cease firing and advance ! '" " No wonder the Spaniards ran— they must have thought that the supch nerve of that charging line had the muscles of the whole army supporting it close behind. ^ , , „ r " At a big spring I was overtaken by two men. One had a smooth tace that suggested subdued temptations, and the other called him, I thought, ' captain ' The one was a trooper, but the other, the smooth-faced man, was a chaplain He wore a six-shooter, handled it with loving familiarity, said he asked no odds of any man, could settle a Spaniard at fifty paces, did not mean to be taken by surprise, and, therefore, mounted on a mule as high as a dromedary, he carried his ' gun' drawn, and almost wept next morning when his colonel told him that the articles of war forbade him to carry a weapon ; and yet he was a man of the cloth, from Arizona, and to the Rough Riders- " The chaplain was much disturbed when he first heard of the fight of U Quasina and crroaned in genuine distress when he was told that the adjutant had seen Colonel Wood fall, and had got from his lips a dying message to his wife The rumors wer« so thick, conflicting and wild, however, that we were not sure there had been any fight at all. But by-and-by we met a white man on foot with his arm in a sling. Then came, on a litter, a negro with a shat- teredleg; then another with a bullet through his throat, and another ani tmother ' On horseback rode a sergeant with a bandage around his brow- I could see him smiling broadly fifty yards ahead-and the furrow of a Mauser bullet across his temple and just under his skin. " After him we passed a camp of insurgents, little, thin, brown fellows, ROUGH RIDERS' STORIES. "gpd, dirty, slmelras-each will, = , "' .«-ey.d, i„.,^fj:r J :^ ,-- "-y .ou... .../very "o,:::/ jr ::;" Rough Riders' Oamp. "Be H — "S" ^'tiers' Oamp. S w ; ' '"'" ^"'■"'^'•' °" the top of the rM ""^'^ ''^^'"^ °"« 'ong "tr: r;,;'":;.:""?/"'!;^^ ->h co,o:,r;;Tor:"r '"-^ -' M and ,.on,a,„ic as Lovers' Walk now a' Wht .J^t™^ "' P-"y.Pe»c Here and there the tall „ras, all^ 1 t ^"'P'""'- »»"nded „an had ,ai„, l„ ofepTacttTo ""'" ""' P^"^^-" "« where a "r by was a blood-stained hat ^Irtd :i,f ^ """ '"'"'"' =■"" dark red 'lie spot where Hamilton Fish felT ,, < "" '""'^'^ " E. L." Here wf ' y°"nS Ca,>ro„ was killed A „ "'" "«'"" °f 'h' Mf therrh 1 hat night there was a clear -sW o i;^ S ":;?-;£ 5S"~ ==&:;; 202 ROUGH' RIDERS' STORIES. ■ I t trench, with their feet to the cast. In the bottom of tlic grave was a layer of lonjj, thick, green, cool leaves of Gi'inea grass, and over the brave fellows werr piled the green plumes of the royal palm as long as the grave. At tlj- he.id of the trench stood the chaplain ; aroiuul it the comrades of the df ad along the roail straggled a banil of patient, ragged Cubans, and approachin^j from Santiago a band of starving women and children, for whom the soldiers gave their lives. No man could ask a braver end, a more generous cause or a kindlier grave— a soldier's death, a brother's freedom, and a last resting place in leaves and white sand. " Nearer, my God to Tlicc," sang the .soldiers. " And the tragedy of La Qua.sina was done. The Cavalrymen Themselves. " Everybody has perfect failh in the American regular, and knows what he can and what he will ever do. General Young did, then, what the nation knew he would do. and hiscoloredtroopers fought bravely and well. lUit the interest of the fight would centre in the gallant conduct of Roosevelt's Rou^h Kijers— or Wood's Weary Walkers, as they were dubbed at Tampa after their horses were taken from under them—even if they had not borne the brunt of the fight. Never was there a more representative body of men on American soil ; never was there a body of such varied elements ; and yi t it was so easily welded ir.to an effective fighting machine that a foreigner would not know that they were not as near brothers in blood character, occupation, mutual faith and long companionship as any volunteer rL;,'u:cat that ever took the field. "The dominant element was the big game hunter pnd the cow boy, and every field officer and captain had at one time or another own-ed a ranch. The ma-'ority came from Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Indian Territory, the ^'- every State in the Union was represented. There were graduates of H.ir.. ■... 1 xle, C>lumbia, Princeton, Cornell, University of Virginia, of Penn- sylv.-'.mirv of 'olorado, of Iowa and other Western and Southern colleges. Th<;r«. « e .uembers m J.c Knickerbocker Club of New York, and the Som- erset ot Boston, and of cr.ick horse organisations of Philadelphia, New York and New Jersey. There were revenue officers from Georgia and Tennessee, policemen from New York City, six or eight deputy marshals from Colorado, half a dozen Texan Rangers, and one Pawnee, several Cherokees and Chicka saws, Choctaws and Creeks. " There were men of all political faiths, all creeds— Catholics, Protestants and Jews. There was one strapping Australian and one of the Queen's mounted police, though ninety per cent, of all were native-born Americans, ROUGH RIDERS" STORIFS "ne and all, Hail f '"^"^ ' ^"'l «o. <>nce more, to the Riders, to-".o^r i^:;;;^::::;':'^;-;;.;^-^ ^°'°-' wood „.ovcs «„ Santiago velfa in fact as well as i„ nan^'-'tlo 17^'' ?"«" '^'^"-'^^ ^^ - R-- peace good in war." '°"'^' Roosevelt has „vJc his word of "In tl ^^^-th Of Two Heroes. ^^^r ''-' '^^^^^^^^^^^ ''' ^"'"■'^-- ^-tled :; ^°'"'"'^." ^aici an officer who ,s . , , "."^ '''''''"' ^^'■' ^^n*^ t" f-H rroop K. desperately wounded, was K-i t. . ? " ''"^' °' ^''^" "-" ^^ S-gcon Church hurried to his .cj; 1 d L.T ",'' '"'""" ^''^ "-'^ "^ «-. calmly dressed the mans wound b nd " . T 1* '"' '^'•■'^'■"^' '-•" ^'-'^'"^ '"'" soon returning with two „,e„ a d'i S Th "'''T' ""—'-">■ bad .' f'e I.tter and brou.d.t into the lines '' "'°""^'^^' '"•■»" ^^-^ ''accd on Sergeant Hell stood by the sirl^ r.r r . • ^ 7«ally „i,. The Capta,/, 'j 'et i^" ? '^r'; "'"" "" ' "" "-' 0.1*. bu, never flinched. ■ Give mo y„ ' „„ "'' ''<'''.""« "S"'"'' 'edible Srant. and, kneeling down he d.-lih. . ^ "'"""< ^c said to ; he ,er »".cc.s.o„. At ea?h a S^'^^^T^ Z7u "il T" *"° ^"°" ■■" ^"^"^ «-d a dead .„n,rade-s gun, and kte , b" ^de! his e '" "" ""'■"" """ When , aptain Capron fell |,e ™ve tl,! 7 '"■■"" ""'' ^"^'' "' "I'ly- :* '"/> f^"!'". a"' •"= span,* ;- ™ge of ,„e sp„„i,,h ,„:;;"«: r '"r ^'°'" "'^- -° ' ""* ron, the cove, of „ j,„,^ , J'^' ."^ '''^ °"^ J'P»niard who was liri ,„ ood over hin, .hooting, and other^T^ bedloundT""' "■ ""'""'•" C-""-™ H. hyed twenty minutes. He give ,7, d' T^'^ ""="' «■•= F'sh lay "- Mt to a „,essma.e a. a last sou„e„ ■"" '"'" """""S '»- «tch from ■i;i '§ ■••f I CHAPTER XII. Thrilling Stories told by the Regulars. MONG the soldiers who contracted typhoid fever and who were brought to Philadelphia for medical treatment was James L. McMahon, a private in Grimes' Battery, First United States Artil- lery, which command protected the advance of the Rough Riders during their memorable charge at San Juan, and also participated in the engagement at El Pozo. In speaking about the treatment of the men and the engagements, he said that the soldiers only had the experiences that were anticipated. What complaints were made were those coming from the volun- teer regiments. " Of course the regulars had the bulk of the fighting to do," said Mc- Mahon, " and being better prepared we did not feel the inconveniences of war so glaringly as did the volunteers. We went there to fight, and we did fight. I am proud, now that I am home as solid as I left, except for my fever, which I might just as easily have contracted here as where I did. " The fighting of our troops in the four battles in which I took part was superb. I cannot imagine how men could display more valor. Grimes' battery occupied one of the most exposed positions on the hill at El Pozo, and protected the advance of the Rough Riders. Let me tell you right here, those men of Roosevelt's were the pluckiest fellows I ever saw under fire. They did not appear to realize how near death they were. As they charged up the hill the air was filled with bursting shells fired from guns with smoke- less powder. " As the Rough Riders used the old-style powder, the same as we did, we were easy marks for the Spanish sharpshooters, who were secreted in every nook and corner of the swamps, and who were attired in clothing that appeared grotesque to us after we had captured some of them. Their dis- guise in clothing the color of the trees and large palms that almost surrounded us was one of the tantalizing features of the campaign. This so stirred us that it is a wonder to me how we behaved as merciful as we did. The Spaniards are treacherous men and we had treachery to combat as well as to fight smokeless powder and good guns. Handicapped as we were, we whipped them at their own game. Had their fighting been open and their warfare as honest as ours we would have annihilated the Spanish forces quicker than cable messages eould have carried the news to our homes. 204 STORIES OF THE REGULARS. "It is not amiss here for m. f """^^ ^^^ one of them is a hero Wifh.Ta ^ ^ '^"'"'^ ''^""t our officers v »^at ,o„,=a .„ be^/jX r„-r.r, '!^ ^'^-«- t;,:e .t^Tr They suffered j„st the same as L Proud to be m« recall the fact that they were w'l"r "" ""=""'"' -'-. You Acuities which we would have bru2d ,•■•■"""'■ »"''• '<>«" extent sa," b "med, I thinlc if the war had bt™„ co„,im' '^^ . ""' '"' ""^ "-^ cannot bl of .he men would have materially d,^:";:™;,' ^" -< ™"*s the complaint. Of th "^ ^^'" '° '"^ °»»ti=- of .he fifteen men who capTu^ed tLe bl^.r °' "" '""* '"^ntry, was one ••The Spa" r fh d bS T t"""^""' ""' "°' ^ "- "-"ched "he • , a"C we could not peneTrtetrie::*;""!" '"='■*' ^^ '''^'o^^^^'i roof, nineteen of us. The first fl, *^ ''"''■ ^e "ere oidered tTZ 'ered,and then we a„ iopp t ,/"oT.' '" ■•"'" """^ '^uicCsl "u'h W...ng was most desperate °"' '™=' =""< f" '"enty minutesfhe I engaged a Spaniard in a hanW t„ u j , "'"■•„ ':--'-=<' -i^ pistol from h- tn-dtd ^^'h"' T ^°""''=- ■" ">< Here is a souvenir" 1,^ .^^ . ,^ ^"'^ shot hi ni dead. "Everyone "f .he thirty-five Spantl "'l^l,"^ '•' "'"iri'i-made revolver Americans only the first four w^fe I * "1,, ^t' ^ ."' "" °"«'-^' ■■■"e ' Harry Z.tsch, a member of the retular 7 ""•■" """"^ O" J"ly .st ■> Mo» ;e,.,ey described graphically heXh, hlf'''' '•? ' ""'"''' '° '"' '^"™" ■" I do,,', doubt but you saw the accot, r'*; """"'J"- "= said , «' Joly. From 7 to , , o'clock am w °'^ "" '="'«'= "= had on the ,« »";e Ml, above us, and frmXrrtirerfir •"°"''=' *' Spania:,! . r^ 206 STORIES OF THE REGULARS. *■' 1* Vw the Thirteenth regulars — to the front; there was no halt for us, but onward toward the enemy. " When we were half-way up we were ordered to charge, and charge we did— and that won the battle ; but let me tell you what an awful condition it left the companies in. My company (D) had just twenty-five loft out of sixty men, and that is the way it was through the whole Thirteenth Regiment. ',We were on the battlefield for thirty-six hours, without food, drink or sleep. , We dug holes in the ground large enough for our bodies to lie in for slight protection, thus enabling us to pick off most of the Spanish sharpshooters who were hiding in trees. " Colonel Worth was shot in the arm and breast, and the Major was shot through both knees, the oldest captain through the right leg, and two lieu- tenants were killed and many others wounded. On July 2 the Spanish tried to break through our lines, but we drove them back, and their loss was five hundred dead and wounded." Back from the war with a bullet hole in his breast, a shattered right arm and notice of promotion to be a brigadier general for gallant conduct on the field. Lieutenant Colonel William S. Worth, the returning hero of the Thir- teenth infantry, was modestly welcomed when he set foot on Governor's Island. Brigadier General Gillespie, commanding the Department of the East, hurried to the wharf and shook the left hand of Colonel Worth when he stepped from the ferryboat. Other soldiers, officers and privates, gathered about him. Colonel Worth shook hands with them all, two army prisoners known as " trusties " included. The Colonel Badly Wounded. Colonel Worth was accompanied by his orderly. Corporal John Keller, who, like his chief, was wounded at San Juan hill. They were brought North on the City of Washington, which landed them at Old Point Comfort. From there they proceeded by boat to Baltimore, and reached New York by rail. There were two wounds in Colonel Worth's chest, which were believed to have been made by one bullet, which entered the left side, was deflected and passed out at the right side. The right arm was fractured near the shoulder and agiin just above the elbow. Whether cither or both of these fractures was made by the bullet that passed through the chest is not known. Colonel Worth was in command of a brigade at the beginning of the battle on July ist. Colonel Wyckoff, of the Twenty-second infantry, who arrived after the fighting had begun, superseded Colonel Worth, but fell at the attack on San Juan hill. ColoneJ Worth resumed command and was STORIES OF THE REGULARS. woundej while charging up the hill r.l , t.^ Twenty-fourth infantfy, Iho Jucce'L CotLl VV "7 °" "' ^'^^""^- °^ ^'- When asked to give his account nfl, "'' ''''' '^'^ vvounded. Worth said : ^''°""' °^ ^'^^^ ^'^ '•eceived his wounds. Colonel "All T weak and tireTto'^ryJu abou^: ^'sLC^ 7,'*'^" J"^" ^^"^- ^ - too |t. Was! leading P Well, it Jk a ^ o7r [^^^^^^^^ He w.ll tell you about ". that charge, to say nothing of leading then, T, ^ "^ ^''^^ ^^^^"^ "'«" magnificent." ^ '^"""^ "''^"'- The conduct of the men was Colonel Worth's orderly Coroonl T^.n tions upon his chief, told the'^;toryThe fi "^^^^^ "'° '^ ^°"^*^''-^ - ^- atten- .1 thj;r^^;^:- - h:^::hM'r ^t- : ^^^ -- -- they never saw anything like it. Those Sol ^°''" ,"'^"" campaigns said trenched, and they knethow to shootLo ' °" '^'"' '''' "^''^ ^^^ -- " We had eight rows of barbed wire fenco fn . . ., The w.res were laid on top of each "the " cin ""^'' '° ^^"' '' '^'-^' your fingers between them In places he w" ^^ ^ ^°" '°"^^ ^^^^^'^ C^t a cable, and our w.re cutters were almost usel" ""'^ '""^^' ^° ^^ ^«^-- to get the Cubans to go ahead and cTtVe ^ 'T''\ P^^"^" ^^^ ^-d had to advance up that hill, cutting fences and «?' '"* *''^>' ^^^^-^d. We he face of a fierce fire. If you've ever be.n "^ '' ^" ^^"^' ^"^ all i„ dodge hail stones, that i. what it wallike ' '"'^ '"'' ^^^^^ ^^^-^ to degJ^"irsZ?d:!:^^;r^^^^^^^^^^^^ - thirty nel. solid shot and Mauser bulL Tl Th f ^T'"' ^'""^ "^ ^^-P" of >t We were regulars and we "pul n J'oTt '' '° ^^^"' ^''^ ^'""^ ternble rate. I can't tell you who led the erLen^^; ""'''' " '°^^" '' ^ ine regiment. I was m Company B. Colonel Worth's Pluck. It was fire and advance fire ^nr^ o^ our side, and we .aught .hose' Span "ards tZS " T'^^ '' ^'°^'™°* °" said afterward .hey never saw anytlZ 1^^' I f^ '■'''°"' "?''' "«■ They -d drove then, ou. in a ve^- 2 tZ I '?''''''■ '^<^ ''"' "P 'h" hiO of our men. '^ ""'"■ """ " ™s long enough to lose a lot -r^^tr:!::!::^:^::!:;-:^';^ He d. not ran, „i3s„.ord ■" 'l-e air, eneouraged the n/en ,„ p^s :' TJ"" '''V"" """' "'-'"? ■'' l™ so weak that he was sent to the rear ^"'""""^ '»« of blood „,ade " ' "" ""=" °" '"= '=" !'-^= °^ "V ^-^ tv a shell, Which passed over 208 STORIES OF THE REGULARS. my head and exploded behind me. A fragment struck my cartridge belt, driving the cartridges against my spine. I felt as though I had had an elec- tric shock and was sent sprawling on the ground. I lay there for a while. When I came to I found that we had dislodged the Spaniards and were driv- ing them down the hill. I was sent to the rear with the wounded and found Colonel Worth. "We were hauled eight miles in a wagon over a very rough road to Siboney, where the Colonel had his wounds dressed and his arm set. Wc were in the hospital there until the City of Washington was ready to take us North." Colonel H. C. Egbert, who was wounded in the San Juan Hill fight, near Santiago de Cuba, in an official substitute report to the Secretary of War of the part the Sixth Infantry Regulars took in that famous action on July 1st, concludes with the following graphic summary: " What has been said of the English, 'that they never fight better than in their first battle,' I believe I may justly claim for the Sixth Infantry, very few of whom had ever before been under fire. Yet they acted from first to last of this trying day like veterans of many battles. Never at Gettysbur>,\ nor in the lines of Spottsylvania Court House, have I ever but once seen as hot a fire as the ten minutes in the grass field when the Sixth entered it the first time, and where the regiment sustained most of its loss, the highest in percentage of any regiment in the army of invasion. Yet officers and men fought with a steady and determined valor worthy of their country and race The regiment took into action 463 officers and men, and its loss was eleven officers and 114 men. " Very respectfully, your obedient servant, " Harry C. Egbert, Colonel Twenty-second Infantry," Bullet Put Him to Sleep. Colonel H. C. Egbert, who was shot through the left lung, was through the Civil War, and was wounded at Bethesda Church. He said he had seen the storming of intrenchments in that war, but had never seen anything like the storming of the Spanish intrenchments before Santiago. "It amazed the Spaniards," said Colonel Egbert. "They had not been accustomed to such foes. They were no match for our men, every one of whom is an athlete. The men in the regular army have muscles like iron. They have for years been training in athletics, and the Spaniards have not. " When the bullet struck me I fell, but our men passed on. The sensa- tion I felt was different from what I felt when wounded before. In a low STORIES OF THE REGULARS. minutes I fell asleep. I had a mnc. , In what formation did we fjrrht? I'^^ '^'^ ^'^^^<-'n ""nutes. con^pany fought as best it could fZl X^ """' "° forn^ation. Every --confusion everywhere. O 'course , "^ f f ''^ '^"'^"^ ' ^^^^ ^ee" ord.nates carry out the details as b st' thfv c 'r, "-^ ^'^"' ^"^ ^^'^ub- J^'^S^ of the fighting qualities of the Cuban "' r ''' "" °PPortunity to courteous gentleman." ^ ^"''^"'' General Garcia is a very William Smith, of Company C Sixth r. ■ '^Women. Smith stated that he had .^ ''^['ment. was shot through the officer," he said, "will eet me m '"'^''" ^"'" ^'ghteen years ' N battle again. It'-s hot enough l^^Z'""'';' ^°"' ^^ -)< an a,, .-^^ --all lying ,,,,„,, ^^^.^^\-houtl,at^^^^^^ How did I get hit P W. a n.ce fence over there/ says I t'o my^^^^^^^^ "- 'There' ',"7;^\-^-'t of harm-sway.' We ^V T '^ '° '""'^^ — them ttled behmd that nice fence thin I ^1' k' n V?. '°°"'-^'" ^°^ ^^'^^rtably arr,ed away those Spaniards fired onlSr """' ""• ^^^'^^ ^ -as y-g me gave me a chew of tobacco and a dr nU 7" '''" °' ^^^^ "'- -- ellowv,,3 shot in the head and kilLj i\°'^ ^^'''''-^''' '''"^ ^^^^" the poor back to my regiment." ^^'^' ^ ^^^"^ to get out of this, and go CoIor-Sergean?;rAV"* '^"^^ '^ ^^^ ^^^o- J^-bdomen.;Hisr4^e^X:;;irS;h;/^11 --'--- «^^ot m ' -t- He rolled down several yards nn^ K t. ""' ^^" J"^" ^^en he was t'>e colors he carried. He c.Hed . t. . l"^^' "P '" ^ ^'^ch, but stuck tn l-he^r of battle the ^:::^d;ir t ; l^^^f " ^^^ ^^^ ^^ '^ "ne, said the co or-serj?eanf « x;?^ -^ ^^^ in front of the fi^;., Vl.c„ I stopped rolling I sat up'^nd ctldte if ',■""' "" ^•''' ''•^4. Ill never forget the way our boys wleH .1 '" ''" "^ "'""k for a mile =-.•<-• a storn, of bullets. I do^, Z^. "" ^ ''"'. ''""^ the top of wh S »-r saw anything like it. T Te^ vve^ 'l^nT '""'' """^^ ^°- ^ . 'Tl.e nippers would not cut tllfl^r ^ ""' "^'^ "?■ ;» «- way. Some of the men wo d "."'"' "'""^ "'"''' •■"«» - found Wl other men had passed over them ' c ^ °" *f ""■" ■■'"<' '"W them down 7:^^::;^;Ler^if=::s^r— T ,'■1 210 STORIES OF THE REGULARS. intrenchment. There our boys captured a Spanish flag with the letter ' K • on it. " Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt and Major Westervelt, of the Rough Riders, were with us. I told them to lie down or they would be shot, but they wouldn't. Then Major Westervelt was shot in the neck. He was car. ried to the rear, and after being bandaged sat down to smoke his pipe. The hospital people wanted to keep him there. When his pipe was finished he said, ' Well, I guess I'm boss ; I'm going.' They tried to prevent him from going to the front, but they couldn't. When he got to the front he was wounded again." He Shot General Linares. It was Sergeant McKinnery, of Company D, Ninth Infantry, who shot and disabled General Linares, the commander of the Spanish forces in Santi- ago. The Spanish general was hit about an hour before San Juan Hill was taken, during the first days fighting. Our men saw a Spanish ofificer, evidently a general officer, followed by his staff, ride frantically about the Spanish position rallying his men. Ser- geant McKinnery asked Lieutenant Wiser's permission to try a shot at the officer, and greatly regietted to find the request refused. Major Bole was consulted. He acquiesced, with the injunction that no one else should fire. Sergeant McKinnery went for a shell, slid it into a rifle, adjusted the sights for 1,000 yards and fired. It fell short. Then he put in another, raised tlie sights for another thousand yards, took careful aim and let her go. The officer on the white horse threw up his arms and fell forward. " That is for Corporal Joyce," said McKinnery, as he saw that his ball had reached the mark. The officer on the white horse was General Linares himself. It wa> afterward learned that he was shot in the left shoulder. He immediately relinquished the command to General Toral. " What kind of a sting is it that a Mauser makes ? " said Corporal William McFarlane, a Boston boy of the Seventh regulars, home from Caney on n sixty days' furlough. " It is a hot, burning sensation from the time it goes in until the time it comes out." " But sometimes it is not noticed, is it ? For instance, you hear of a man being hit and keeping right on with his fighting?" was asked. " Yes, you do," said, the corporal, " on paper. I don't believe there's much more thought of fight in a man after he is once hit. I know there was not in my case. We were up on the corner, at the trench, where one road ran down into the town of Santiago and the other ran off at right angles with it and they had their trench tliere with the wire fence each side to keep us off I was ji bullet SI to tile h singular sometim "Bi "W nothing s "Tel "Iw out here. the Coldsl so tall. I Boston wh to Captain found mysi Fredericks! "Ont; tiiere, but 1 Twelfth anc sion. STORIES OF THE REGULARS. sometimes V,»c ;* • ""•■'t-r.s, tiieir bu ct soemc f^ * • . ^i- 'i> a "Bur H- I-;: " '" "■*°''^ ^"'"«"^' bullet thnn « . ""'^ '" '^^ ^""'"se iiut didn't It pass throujrh vn„ . " ^°"^^ others." "Wei' vpc. ^ ', ""g" your lung-s?" vvei,, yes; down through a UnU nothmg serious." ^" ^ ''"'^ corner of one of them h„^ > "T,»Il ,.„ t- . "'cm, Dut It was ^^ii us about it?" fo Captain Quinton / determmed to be in it So T "^ '" •-•n the loth of May we wer^ of t Shirr™' ■■" ''■'^-X .'ra.'r*'^''^''-™^'- - ^^ With the Seventh Regulars «» one flan, .„/.;: '^:; .^^ raS"^ *;^->'-'°".ht;di:x,,;" 1;^ Quas,„a,a„d saw ll,e RouJh rH °"''™" '<• -I" '»■ We wlm h He wen. o .„,„, Cane, o^te'^i ^^ '"sl:?"^ '"^^ ''^'' ™''-^* %ht . O *;'"' "'"'" ' '""S front •'"" "'' """"" <""■" « fte . "''.i-ad threriy:^::: ':i;r.r '?' °' '""""= »^-' -e'v -«„„, P '"two days. It was rtf le" t-^'"'':' ""^ ■""*"' ■•"= «.e„, r", ,' -'' beef, and rte yo.„g fellow, tdoTle ""I '^^^ "«"- -0 o-ned "ehad s v dqv<:' -if.' ., • , "°'^ 'earned how to li„cV. j •. t, I -u^ys '?.ttuns issued to IIS 3ff». j , '"-^^ lo nusband it. But ^ ^"- -<> "'^ '0 We the. ,:,"d tztcfi:::::- «" -^ - •" 212 STORIES OF THE REGULARS. n- '■ " What is your opinion of the Cuban soldiers ? " was asked. " No good," was the prompt response. " They only ate up our rations, General Chaffee found an empty patch and turned them into it. I never saw a wounded Cuban. The only time I saw them going anywhere was when they were marching into the .own of Cancy after we had cai^turcd it. " We had to advance for about five miles on going into the fight a\ Caney and all the time the bullets were falling thick. \ve went the be.st way we could bushwhacking all the way. There wasn't any line, because of tin; thick bushes and the nature of the country. Just squads here and there, that was all, and, indeed, there was more danger from the fire in the rear at times than from that at the front, because sections would get into the bushes and getting confused, would fire at anything they saw moving m front, no matter what it might be. There was no organization nor advance by rushes. It was not until we got up to their trenches, which they had cut near the blockhouse, that we got anything like a semblance of a Ime. and there wc managed to form a fairly good one. Firing from the Blockhouses. " We didn't see them for most of the way up, but when we got on the line we were within 200 yards of Caney and could see the Spaniards very well That was the place where I saw a gate through the wire trocha, which they used to get through themselves to the blockhouse. It was the only gate that I think I ever saw in the barbed wire defenses. They opened fire on us at 7 o'clock m the morning, and wc were the first to return with small arms fire after the artillery. , , , • , "It was there that young Crocker of Cambridge, my 'bunkie, was killed He was in my company. They opened first from the blockhouses and after that some of the Spaniards began to fire down upon us from a church tower Captain Frederickson wanted volunteers to act as sharpshooters, and so I went up with Tom O'Rourke, one of the most noted skirmish hne sharpshooters in the whole army. He was all Irish, but he came from the British army, and had been a sergeant and about everything, but was ,n the ranks, whether because of his love for the old stuff or not I couldn't say. "'a regular Mulvaney?" , , , .u u cru " I guess so. There was Sergeant Barrett, who also held the Buffalo medal and George Smith, who won the prize at the Chicago exhibition. We could 'see the Spaniards, and when we fired we generally saw them drop was close by Lieutenant Wansboro when he was killed. He was shot through the heart. When I was hit I stayed in the trenches for some minutes, and then I walked down to the field hospital, and thence to the division has- • rations, u'vcr saw hen they fight a\ best way ise of the nd there, 10 roar at lie bushes front, no )y rushes, near the there wc STORIES OF THE REGULARS. pital, which was General Sl,-,ft. • , . ''"'^''' ^'^ transport to Siboney and Tl „ 1 '"'"'voters for a time. There I „ , <■*- to Atlanta, wi;:V",.r;nr;.T r" °" "" CK-rokee nCl rj «»"< about two „,i|es to .1 e hosp^a ?„ r '"''"' '°' '"" "'='=l<3. 1 had to na.ned Murray, who had bee^, '^ 1°' ''^7, J"""^ «■' a young fellw «l.o caj,,e with n,e out of the treSes ""'' ''^ """"'' '-"'A gun^ .<.espa„Lr:,:d"tei?:;.trt:: anS^r^v '"^ "=""<> -"""^.tu. - a h,gh bluir, which partly proteeted n, '"' "'=' " '' ''^d "ot been l...v= b«„ „„„i|,i,„,j by that firT '^ '-™"'" ' ''hole div.sion would "on, theZuud ::L:;Ta Sel: ^Jtl" ^h" '^^»- ' — - 'rouble suffered a sprain, but that doesn't °„ '^^ """"" "» ">ough I h 'h ^°" ' *ink I have any reason to coI/lIT '' ' '°°'' *' ^'-- "^ -' and The Rev Dwicht C.t '''*'""* °''*'"""- N;warlc, N. J., wholas wo Zd Tetr' °/ "• ^'"''^ '^P-"?-' Church in »f .-.e Nintl, United States .„"fa ry tl th^^r ^''" '"™^ ^ ^^ a n He said : " Two f^^x,c k r /» '■'^"s tnis story : *^ ; was half a rnile fro^fh^e ht^f thet:;:?'"^^ ^-^ - the .t of J.Iy as chaplain of tlie Ninth regimen wl^en ^ '.'"'^ '"'"^'"^ *« "'>' dutie^' necessitated n.y removal to L hospl /sr '''"''^' '^ ^""^^-^^^ T^. >"ng on a cot in tiie ho.spital word tt 2 .°"7'r^'' "^''^^ ^"^y- Wh le determined to go to the front andXrd to i^*^' that the battle was on I ""^-n was not given nie, and wh e the ''°""'^^ °'"'>' '^Simcnt. Per -oth.r direction I slipped out of th! ho >T"" '''^' ^^'"^ ^"-"tion turnedTn ^are for the sick and wounded. I did no^ ?""'^^- ^ ^'^^ "'Y best to ^'-e,^or it did not matte, as the tanTa dT.^L n^ f ^' ^^^'^^ ^^^^^ - ^V During tlic latter part of th,> K^ffi ""' '"^'P^'^t it. ^ *»'.™ce. I was not rendered unconscious K?1 "" '"' '°' ^ ^""^Werable « rf^nng the battle. When I saw otCs fal T ' •*°"''' '^ "° '-"><» ^"' «-g would be to try to reach the hoTpi a "'°"' "^ ' <'«■*" *at the ••Y"'wi:crs;tnr„t::i,:d;^r^°'^^"-- ^-— y :r~f,rx,r ^^-^ ?""ro::r';^;r::--.er': " " "°^''"' ^' ^*°- '' --r.t ^, rdte ifj I I 214 STORIES OF THE REGULARS. to go through jungles on their hands and knees. There was groaning all the way and blood was everywhere to be seen. The Spaniards did not slacken their firing, but kept it up on us. sharpshooters in trees trying to pick off the wounded." " Did you kill a Spaniard?" was asked. " I don't know, but I tried to," was the answer. " Had they known that we were wounded I believe they would have killed. us all but to give the impression that we were all in fighting coi oition I to..k the rifle of one of the men who fell and fired it. I shot from one pl.ce, then would drag n.yself about a hundred yards in another direction, fire the ntle again and then go in a third direction, to „Mve the appearance that men in the lines were able to shoot from all directions. It took us all the night of the first and until the middle of the next day to reach the hospital. The suffer- ings of the wounded were beyond description, but all bore up manfully, and those injured not as severely as the others tried to cheer up their more unfor- tunate comrades. " Some of the wounded with me became exhausted after going a feu- miles and fell flat on the ground. Vultures could be seen soaring in the air above them, in a hurry to get at their prey. The other soldiers did not desert the men whose strength gave out, but lay down on the ground, and with their istols kept the vultures away from their comrades until the latter were picked up and hurried out of the way. " I only did what I could for the soldiers, and hope to be able to rejoin mv regiment without delay. "The newspaper men in and about Santiago covered themselves with dory They helped wounded soldiers, carried them to the hospitals, and when the soldiers were unable to leave their place in line they brought food and provisions to them. They were constantly in danger, but did not niind it, and were always ready and willing to do anything they were asked to do. Fired on by Friends. "We left Siboney on the transport Cherokee for Tampa. We were in- structed not to carry lights, as there was a report that Spanish vessels were about, and our failure to carry lights nearly cost us dearly, for we had two exciting encounters with two of our own auxiliary cruisers. Shortly after leaving Siboney we saw what we thought was a Spanish gunboat Ihe Cherokee put on steam, but the stranger began to fire shots at us. liie hrst and second we paid no attention to. but when solid shot came, then wc hove to. The wounded were between dcck-^, and when they learned that wo were being chased by a supposed Spanish vessel they shouted and cried that they STORIES OF THE REGULARS. would be kilL-d. When the vessel which h-,,1 7^. ^^^ ^'de we learned through the me. oho ,e\ . u"" "^"'""^ "' '^"'^ ^'^ng- When her officers leLed wioT ^ t oHhr' ''' ''T' '^^^P'^' -counter :v^hr d;:!^;;;"^^^^^ f --' --'-' '"- ^-- ^^^ - were until we ca.nc alongside ' '' "''' '"'' ^''^ "°t know who we -d the pride of the Ninth, be ausr„f ht "l"'' ' ?"' ""''>' Southerner. -.Johnson »as head and shoulders „v ZtTZ '■ T" ^'' '° '™ ;orgensen. Hs appeared lo be the mil . . '" ''^"'"'"8 ^ K"g- «rvice, and often spoke of re-enli tL 2-1™ '"* ™" '" ^""^ Sam's fc' days fighting ,, c„ j„;„ 7^ ,"^;;"''' - even, occurred jus. after the '»wd never to handle a gun a«i„ S. ^7 ° *'"«= •■■= """<'• ='"d he '*s, but they all knew why he !> .l^ul "T''^"' °"' "> "- ^o™- Pe-uade h™ to remain, JohnsoronW ho l ^^ ^ "'""" """ '*" "> '«"'t stay with vou .oi !o„17,yv J" ,?="''="'' ^''M. "No.bovs, «"tdoit. I must get o„f "'*= 'o, but don't ask me again. J ■tl 216 STORIES OF THE REGULARS. One of the members of Johnson's company tells the story of what caused the Ninth to lose its crack shot : "We had been engaged in the hottest kind of work for some hours, and after takinjj the first line of Spanish trenches vvc were fixing them up for om own use. The Spaniards had been driven back, but their sliarpshootcrs wcif still at it, picking off our men here and there. The Mauser bullets were whizzing around us pretty lively, and I noticed thai Johnson was gettin;,' (more and more impatient every minute, and acting as if he was just achin}^ to get at those Spanish sharpshooters, and finally he turned to me, and in his drawling tone, said ; Say, its tough we can't get a chance at them.' " He soon got his chance, however, for just as dusk began our captain o 'dered a dozen of us to advance a short distance ahead, and well beyond the trenchf - our forces had captured. When we arrived on the spot we were halted on the edge of a dense wood. Just ahead of us was an open space of clear ground, and on the other side of that a low, thick brush, which extended as far as I could see. Startled by a Sound. "Just before night came on we received our final orders, which were to pay particular attention to the brush just ahead of us on the other side of the clearing, and to shoot at the first head we saw. We had settled down to our tiresome occupation of watching and waiting, but always prepared for any- thing, and Johnson and I were talking in low tones of the day's fighting \vc had just passed through, when we heard the sound of a dry twig breakinjr. We were alert in an instant, and all the men in our line were looking straij,'ht ahead with pieces half raised, ready for use. As I looked at Johnson I could see him smile, apparently with the hope of a chance to shoot. The sound repeated itself, this time a little nearer, but still quite indistinct. An instant later we again heard it, and it sounded directly ahead of Johnson and me, and was, beyond a doubt, a cautious tread, but too heavy for a man. While we waited in almost breathless silence for something to happen we again hoard t'le cautious tread, now quite plain. It was the tread of a horse and was just ahead of us. Suddenly, as the head became plainer, a dark object appeared |ust above the top of the brush. Dozens of guns were raised, but Johnson vhispered : " ' I've got him.' " He crawled a few paces forward and we saw him raise his gun, his fi.igers nervously working on the trigger. At that instant the brush parted and a horse and rider stepped out. We saw Johnson stretch out his piece and we expected to see a flash, but just then the rider turned in his saddle and bj a pair us spo Johijso claimec "V the plac i'he latt '>PI>eareL the ordei while I ^^ .^^^ Johnson .urned llj^^tll^'^ "°'"''^"' ^'"' "for ,'':■,':" ""' ™ »' •"That i, the firsMV I "' '""' « ■«»■ he smirJ, " '" ""'"'J »' "hile I was awav „ , , '"'"■'' "f 'he orders Th ""■ ""'' • , ••H-Mecheer!r:t"''"~''^-''P«- Roosevelt's ears hnf "'^"'^'^ ^"y word of the affa.V ""-.I m.hert:;tV, "! \""^.'«>' — esc!; ^.^ ,7^f=^ Co,o„e, '«' lolinson to „; , ^''^-hve Spaniards with a h,=/ '^" J""" 'hat I """Id °; '°Z, T """ '"' " '-get at 3^ Ja' °° T"' '°° >""•"' 'han """W have a ro„H u " '°' " '"get at ,00 v.M , ' '°° J""'''' th, it II I I CHAPTER XIII. Army Officers Praise the Heroism of Our Soldiers at the Battles Around Santiago. ANY who knew the late Captain John Drum, Company E, United States Infantry, will be interested in a letter describing his heroic death, as written by First Lieutenant O. Murphy, of his com- pany, in the trenches before Santiago, July 5, 1898. The letter is addressed to John D. Drum, eldest son of the late captain, and says in part: " Starting at 6 a.m., July 1st, we reached our place on the field of battle at 1 1 A.M. The artillery battle commenced about 9 a.m. Captain Drum was well and seemed in good spirits. " We wheeled to the west and drove the Spanish from several hills in succession, till we reached the top of a hill 400 yards from their main line of intrenchments, where we halted. " Your father was for firing on some men near these trenches, whom other officers pronounced to be Cubans. Finally Captain Drum ordered his company to fire, and the Spaniards in the trenches immediately returned a volley which killed your father, who was the first man in his company to fall. " I was within ten feet of your father when he fell, and immediately ran to him and helped carry him to the rear, where I examined his wound and found that he was shot through the centre of the breast, the ball passing directly through from the front to the rear. "He was standing up giving the order for his men to fire when it occurred. He fell immediately, and all the words he uttered were, ' I'm done.' He lived for a few minutes, and took a little water, but did not revive suffi- ciently to recognize any one. " We were still under a very destructive fire, and I .sent a detachment to carry the captain further to the rear, while I assumed command of the company. He was taken to the hospital, but was dead when he reached there. " We were under fire or digging trenches for three days, and I could not see to the burial, but sent word to Chaplain Fitzgerald, while one of our men remained to assist. To-day I had the body taken up, incased in a board coffin and buried by some men from the company. " We put up a board at his head and feet, with name and rank carved on it, and covered the grave with tiles from a neighboring house, so that the grave may be readily found." Captain William E. English, of General Joseph Wheeler's staff, came 218 hom( critic suffet usep theR 'I1 HEROISM OF THP ^t.^ THE REGULARS. Isnni-f C-, 219 tie a critic sed • " w« i, ^ Seneca, one of thf> },„ •. , «= penknives for su„,calT ! "'P""' 'q-pments Tl, , ''""•"''^d "■e Red c.„« n„s7;trr:\ "^""-'"een fo;MtT "^^ '° - "raver ,„t of „ "f ,o ^l '"" ' >"="' '° -V I do n""!"*'"" «■= l-ardsLip:' -gular o/Rcers," "^'"^"' "-gl. I have l.eld fte" „, /"^°- ' ''P"l< Captain E„„|,-,h ,„ , , *" ""'""'eers praised bv ^h« ^ear. When t ansf^ 7 '^''" ^" ^°"'- ""der fire IL '' '^^'■^^^' -^tuni- Well, now, thargroTnd i J° ''™°""' ="^ "^'■^^oZlT "' ''"' ^^k- -d ""cs. We ,vere silhr! ^ ""'" ^pan.sh bayonet »„h ?, * ""'i^^ting of '-. and after ^'irbXl^" ""^ '-^o 'r tef air t r"-^"^ Po«nedandbega„l.r,t *= ^^"P -- of thTlZ/t''' ''" ^ races were *'"'«• Pretty soon h!1 ""^ '"^ "P ^here watchL Tk •^^'"''^ ^^--^ ^' ^ot '•" the yard. YoutlT' ' '"^^ ^"^^le and b ^ 'T ^"^'^^ ^°^ '^^n.e another shell. We "v ' "' "^" *^°- Cubans sc 1 t^^^^ ^^^^^^'^^ ^''^« a rap for thoTe nr ' """ ^'^ ^^^"^'^ too • and do ' ?'" '^''"^ ""^^ I« t^ list ordead '" ^'"'"^ ^°^"-" "^^^ ''"°^' "^ ^'dn't "'•-^ name C. D. Jacob 'T.''".^ '^'"' ^^'^ battle of El C. ;•'( 1 220 HEROISM OF THE REGULARS. W It ' First cavalry. He was a son of Charles D. Jacob, four times Mayor of that city. His parents could not believe it was their son, until the following tele- gram was received: " I learn from a wounded trooper of the First cavalry in the hospital here of the death of Charles D. Jacob, Jr., July ist, while attempting to carry First Sergeant Barry, of his troop, who had been wounded by Spanish sharp- 'shooters, out of the line of fire of the enemy. At the time of the death of Jacob four troops of the First cavalry were lying concealed behind an embank- ment about a half mile from the trochas surrounding San Juan, where were located the heavy batteries protecting the approach to Santiago, awaiting commands, when an observation balloon settled just in the rear of them and attracted the fire of the Spanish sharpshooters and light infantry. First Sergeant Barry, being upon the embankment, was wounded, and Jacob, seeing he would be killed unless promptly brought to cover, ran forward and was attempting to carry him out of the line of fire when he was struck in the head by shrapnel and instantly killed. He also received bullet wounds. " I have this information from several eye-witnesses, all of whom were comrades in his troop and well acquainted with him. Jacob was buried about two miles from El Caney, between El Caney and San Juan. His grav-; is marked by a wooden head post. " E. M. Headley. " Fort McPherson, Ga., July 12, 1898." Private J. D. Hoekster, of Troop C, First United States Cavalry, who was wounded at Siboney, said : " The Spaniards fight well in trenches and in trees. Get them in a block- house and they are stubborn. We rarely got nearer to them than 1,000 feet. Now and then we closed up and surrounded their blockhouses. They did not get away when we did this," and Hoekster's blue eyes had a glint of satisfaction. Badly Wounded, but Fought On. Hoekster was shot in the neck while lying in the trenches. He said it felt as if some one had knocked him in the back of the head with an axe. He reached for his " first aid " bandage, which every man carries in his knap- sack. A comrade bandaged him up, and he returned to the firing lines. Pretty soon he began to bleed so badly that an ofificer took away his gun and cartridge belt, and sent him to the rear. Joseph H. Whitman, of Reading, Pa., a member of the Twelfth United States Infantry, was badly wounded in the charge of the heights of El Caney, July I. Whitman is 23 years of age,and comes from fighting stock. Young Whitman gave a graphic description of the great charge, and how he w.as 221 !'" s ■! 222 HEROISM OF THE REGULARS. nearly shot to death by a Spanish sharpshooter. He said that his company had just reached the heights, and the Spaniards had been routed and were fleeing in all directions when he received a bullet wound in the left shoulder. The ball penetrated the flesh and passed across his back and out on the opposite side. While preparing a temporary bandage, another struck him on the left arm, passing through the muscles. A second later he was struck on the left leg. This was followed by two more, which passed through the fleshy part of his right leg. " 1 thought that sufificient punishment," said Whitman, " but the spiteful devil, who was concealed in a tree, seemed determined to finish the job, and kept pegging away, and finally landed the sixth shot. This took effect in my right leg, just below the knee, and taking a downward course oassed out through my heel. I lay on the field all of that night until the next day, when I was removed to the hospital at Siboney." " Ever hear how an old army mule saved the Fifth Army Corps at San- tiago?" asked a Captain in the Third Cavalry. There was a general murmur among the captain's auditors that signified that he couldn't tell too much about the wonderful exploit of the much-aialigned animal, and with a few more puffs at his cigar he began : Story of an Army Mule. "We had taken San Juan hill and our line holding it was loo thin for safety, though the talk about withdrawing came only from people who gave all the orders, but were not at the front. There was a feeling of nervousness and restlessness among the men that didn't help the situation. An order to retreat would probably have meant a frightful panic and all the officers were filled with anxiety and sending back urgent messages that the line should be held at all hazards, but that reinforcements must be pushed forward at once in order to hold the position. This was the situation when an army mule began to get in his work. " Perhaps it was a snake or one of those big land crabs that started him, but whatever it was he began to kick as though determined to level the whole camp. Crash after crash sounded through the camp in his immediate vicinity as camp chests, kettles and accoutrements went flying in all directions from the force of his rapidly working heels. Some recruits nearby were awakened and thrown into confusion and they rushed about yelling and screaming in the full belief that they had been surprised by a night attack of the Spaniards. In their terror they began firing in all directions, and in ten minutes the aroused officers had the whole camp under arms and ready for the momentarily expected attack. " That blessed animal could not have been more timely in commencing his wo heaven afterwa enemy and fou with th( "C heart rei A storm feated ar worn out have beei the Fifth " We learr during our with the t positions h tion to the after we ha< was conceal it was there charge from "At fir; troops from force sent agi would have I break from c( to the crests i and up they v beside them, j "lent broke fr, ^'^e his men po '"? them, Lina ■'"■" at all hazai 3"d if ft was ne h'niself orderec fetired to the s( HEROISM OF TRp n. ^"E REGULARS ction. Tf^ o , l-;avan inspired ,„e act ,oI\T P'°'""'-I and Tn, f„„ afterward, bue the mule hL . ^P""""-* *d aHenml , '""''"""need that -en,y ten minute, before , If ^^"'^ ""^^ ar„,; l-'fX""" " *°" "■™ and found to their surpZ at,''"'' '"'*'' «„,e "e'n^''*^ '™P""' '°' ""= -^«-.> raees to the'e" ^m;." ^°^ «» "- officer, had thf rtn"' l'"" Coming after the defeat „f .u , '" ''^"'' h«rt remaining out of tl.fq """ '''"' brfore, it must I, A «orm of bullets ma tZ\ '"""""' '" ""'' "s all u„ 7" """=" "" «'= f^'eO and demoral" d T,'' """'■ '"" ""^ "e ZoT r'" '°' "■»' worn out with their constant n f ""' ""■' '-" P ■• d " h""' """"' *" have been difficult to star^ *'''""S f"'' ^vs anS lack V ■; *■ °'"' "'^" ae Fifth Army Cot! ' " "^""^ «"" '"'Sl.t Lave e'ded .^ ,£ IZ:"^^';''' ••I*nlcthisstorv''lr,r°'''°^'''S'«M'°d. '■ We learned it after tl " "''"'" "s*' '^ "ew •• • <"■""? our charge a. San'r""'"- "'"'^'^^ I--"Z wa"""""" ""= -?'»-• «»■.">= best n^ii, /::./;;;• ">^ ''-poskioJZT:,^'^"' •" p=™" positions he could Dof<,ihr i. "''' ''°°P^ occuoied "' accordance '™ '» .->= Ia3t,a„dr«sl- ■:,! 'T'- "- -drwe.e'to h'u ^''""i^"' after we had advanced up tt \T,f ""?" '<> «*e us on H,e fl? t '' "'" P"''' "■as concealed in a thick w' f ■"'"' "''^'' "' then and tv, * ""'"■ ""al'y 't was there. The , !„„ "'""' »" erest of the h m "' ^l-e cavalry fo the crests from whfch de.H °"^' '^^^^^ strides 7Z /'^ ''"'^ '"^n -d up tl,ey went, ch e nt ,' "f^^^'^ °"t '" a,, direct l"' f"'"^ ^'''''''^^ "P beside them, a re istt! ^ ^''^y ^^ ^^ery steo hi n ^°' ^'^^'"^«- Up -nt broke UltrlrV'''"^ -d'hr r;'^!^ °' ^'°^^ ^^^ ^^1 ^-'"•s men poured into 1 ^ "''^ '^^°«« '" advance . 7^""'"' ""^''^ '^Si' -S them, L^re ' ,; rt !' f "'"^'"^ ''"-^ '^adnVtt !, . ''' ""'''''' ^'^'^ of ■'"" ^t all hazards to :; Z' "l' ^'^ ^"'^^'y cCldf'^^'f'^' '' ^^-J^' f""^self ordered the LIT '" ^'^^ ^^^°"d Lne of dlr ' ^"^ '^ P"^^'"^'^' -t.>ed to the secondtt'"^ ""^^"'^^ ^^^ the ca^I^t^Tab '^ "• ''' y ^o De abandoned and 224 HEROISM OF THE REGULARS. " When fighting was going on up the hill, Lieutenant Parker, with his battery of machine guns came up and exclaimed to one of the officers : ' Where in hell arc the Spaniards ? I've been fighting all day and haven't seen a damned one ! ' A captain volunteered to point out the Spaniards to the lieutenant, and soon Parker's guns were sending torrents of bullets into the Spanish lines, he having gotten into a position where he could sweep the trenches. Each gun fired 600 shots a minute, and I think Parker's guns killed ten times the number of the enemy that the Krag-Jorgensens of the regulars did. When we got to the top of the hill the trenches were full to the top with dead and wounded. It was war in its most hideous aspect." First Officer Up San Juan. Major William Auman, at the head of the Thirteenth United States Regulars, was the first commissioned officer to reach the top of San Juan hill, after the three senior officers of the command had been shot down. He seized the Spanish flag as the prize of the regiment. Of the 420 men who went into that action, two ofificers were killed and five wounded and sixteen men were killed and eighty-five wounded. "We were the last of General Shafter's division," said Major Auman, "to land at Siboney, on June 25th. V/e were ordered to proceed to Santiago and encamped on the main road four miles from the city. The Rough Riders had already engaged the enemy at Quasina. We formed part of General Kent's brigade, and were immediately ordered to support the cavalry division under General Wheeler, taking the left flank. Early on the morning of July 1st we came under fire before we had time to deploy. Owing to the dense woods we had to march in column along the road, and for one hour were under continuous fire in this position. " It was on this road we came upon the Seventy- first New York. This regiment was in confusion, owing to the difificult position which it occupied, as it was being shot at and hit without being able to locate the enemy, owing to the smokeless powder used by the Spaniards. After we passed it, we marched to the left, over the San Juan creek and into action. " While marching along the road Senior Major Ellis was wounded, and had to retire. We had no sooner formed into line than Lieutenant-Colonel Worth was severely wounded, and about the same time Brigade Commander Wykofif was killed, which left me in command of the regiment. Ours was the first regiment to come out into the open, and as we did so, the Spanish artil- lery and infantry opened a heavy fire from the crest of San Juan Hill. Men fell on every side. About 100 yards ahead of us was a gentle rising. I ordered the battalion to advance to shelter. The Spanish lines were only 600 yards a formed the com under a "Ti straight Spaniard climbing, two wire house, w] their artil "I w when the a second I and fire a the trench ignorance ^ open fire. "Abu a time I wa by General pressed, anc f^four men i the Second : on San Jua dered. In tj down. It wi "Allpri one battalion the field to re and sent to tl: where I was g The expe "We had a h over 800 stron he dead in the '0 of our oflfi( hospitals of Nf " Thev We 15 HEROISM OF THE REGULARS. yards away. Hpr^ ,.,« ■ ^^'^^^Kb. 225 formed on our left 'T;'"^"'"^^ ""t'l the other regiments of the K • . .u •'^^ soon as the fnnr -> • s""cnts o! the brigade haH ^panmrds are ru.ning; This .nZZZ ,^" ""''«' "'""^ the line. Z. p!v-er----^-S when ti"r„'':ft' z.zTr- °"''" '° ^"^ •"= "^^ or .,. h,,, , a second iine of in.renct ^n bL'^r'/ T'l "'' '"""^ 'o o^ eL and fire at ,he fleeing enemy We ^L" h'T'' ""^ '" ''<"<' "hal they h"f »" trenches beyond were firing «„?'"=' '°"'""' ''^' *« SpalTdsn ignorance of this for some time The; /*V"'°I«='-" POH-der kept 1 „ open fire. ""'• Then I ordered the men to lie down Ld ,,^ ■^ ^*''«<" fci- Sharpshooters pLer::dw:i^^:;-!;f- *^ -^on^gh Ss.whrw::ei7„:rd ^^onr „,e„ fe„. The'fofTowi gtyTurrrfed "" "" ^" "'^'"- - ™' the Second Division under GeLaTch,fft ^^''t "' '''P''''^'^'' ^y a brigade of z'r /„"i\™''7'-^'^"= --■■nedt:;irM:v;'";"^' 'o^,etrcL°' aered. In taking San Juan HiJl twentv fi ^ ^ ^' "'^^" '^e city surren down. t was a close call for evLr^aif fn L'^r' °' '"^ '"^'^ ^^ ^^ot All prisoners, numbering 7 ooo 1. engagement. th". Ti'^"" ' ^"^^-^ «^e city wh^e' iZ .""?' '>^ '^>' "-^g'-ent. With ;, was g,ven sick leave, and returned h.lt n ' ^°'' ^°"^^"k Point -e":.?,rt-:ettbf "■ ----:r s:-by o„e Of tb ' Ihey were miehty dIucLm. mi 15 ^ P'ucky fellows, those Rough Riders, but a h'ttle too 226 HEROISM OF THE REGULARS. reckless, and if it wasn't for us and the Twenty-fourth it would have been all up for them that day. We were on the left of them ind the Twenty-fourth on the right. Those colored fellows were the lions, afraid of nothing ; the hotter the fire the greater the sport for them. "Well, the toughest day of the lot was on the third day of July. All night long we slept in the open, rains falling and drenching us to the skin, Up we got to march. It was five o'clock in the morning when we started. That march up San Juan Hill was awful, but those were our orders, and up we went. There they were, the .Spaniards, intrenched behind a line of trenches, another line of blockhouses, and another line of barbed wire. Up we went; some of us fell down v/orn out, dead tired ; but our orders were to take that hill and we took it, scmehow, — God only knows how! " Brave Colored Troops. The two colored cavalry regiments, the Ninth and Tenth Regulars, were among the most popular soldiers in Cuba. They are quiet, well-mannered, cheerful fellows, these negro troopers, and far sooner than any of the other Cuban veterans they recovered their spirits and vitality after the campaign. In an encampment made up chiefly of the sick and half sick, it was inspiring to meet on the road a group of these soldi^.s jogging along in lively conver- sation, their white teeth gleaming in smiles. As to their abilities in battle but one opinion was expressed, and almost invariably in the same words : " Those colored chaps fought like devils." Many are the stories of their prowess, told by the men of the other regi- ments. A company of the Tenth went into action singing. Two men oi another company enlivened their comrades during a very trying halt under fire by executing a double-flop dance, to which the whole company began presently to clap out the time; their officers, meanwhile, being wisely blind and deaf to these rather unusual tactics, The Rough Riders were enthu- siastic over the Ninth regiment. When Roosevelt's men had made their ru,sh up San Juan Hill they found themselves in a very bad position, pressed by a superior force of the enemy on both flanks and in front. It is generally admitted that they could not have held their position but for the splendid charge of the black men to their support. After the worst of the fighting was over, a Rough Rider, finding himself near one of the colored troopers, walked up and grasped his hand, saying : " We've got you fellows to thank for getting us out of a bad hole." " Dat's all right, boss," said the negro, with a broad grin. " Dit's all right. It's all in de fam'ly. We call ouahselves de Colored Rough Riders." " It was a matter of considerable doubt," an officer of the regular infan- try saj '.he arn no niof bably i\ colored mind cc believe, ^teer wh 'rattled, i kept spu rattled a to guy h assuring account c next to h "'H "Th( so well thi to any reg evinced Jej other soldi " ' W'( goin' to mi I want yeh, head kindal " Howi among thos didn't look i most wished At Can arts of peac staked out a P'ayed a m- definitely if ir collapsed witl on the score, who had his | noon, and he HEROISM OF THE REGULARS. try says. " whether the colorerl f r. * ^^^ "- arn,y knew then, tot'^oVjTnZX'. 'T '''"-'^^- -„. We of no .ore hke Indian fighting than a gl'' ^^^^^ ''!' ^^"^-^ bus.ncss :° bably ,t was because I am from th.Tf T''^^"' '' ^'^^ billiards Pro colored regiments, but having In tho'/.^' ' '^'^'"'^ ^'""'^ -uch of tt m-d completely. They werf the be ° L T '" ^^^'°" ^'^ ^'- ^ed ' beheve t, deadliest fighters i„ the ll'^rthf ^' "" '"°^^ ^^'-^"^ -^1 tter who had got separated from his n '"'^' "^ ^^^ ^'-H a volun 'ratt ed. got caught in the rush and carried f"'' "'° '"^'^^^ P-«y b dlJ kept spurring him on and tryinetoTn ^ ^"^' "^ ^''^ ^^ow behind him rattled and tried to get away, 'xfat se t cdT"' ''?' '"^ ''^ ^^ - bady o guy h.m, asking his name and addr 3 ro''" ''' '''''^'''' ^^^ begat assunng h.m that he would be readily d; ^"' 'T'^''''' ^^ identification Sd callm youah name, shuah; he said. "Th ^° ®^^i^king Under Fire i want yeh. I want veh T , . , ' dififerent. Dat sav " n ■However I didn'f- ""'udns. *dntlookasifthey wereinthevervr , '""f the fighting Hat thev ■"ost wished to be." "">' ?'"« <>f all places on earth whe'e they - of'p*;::^ X"nigt: tht «. ---«'-". ouLVateC the gentle «ed out a baseball Vm„dX'e°"f°" '"," ""«• ^he ^J^.f;" ^^ ?^f-^:^st™:gT:£SiF-^^-^^^ .*o had his guitar with him ^t ce;:™ "' ^""^ ^-* C^valrvZ noon, and he was hus.l/„g ar„„„d toeing; pe"!;;''^'' ""^"'^^ -ery after- K o persuade some of the banjo and 228 HEROISM OF THE REGULARS. ill 1 Kl I kti mandolin players to beg or borrow -nstrumcnts which could bo sent to them, so that he could get up a string orchestia. Certain sportsmen of the Ninth organized cross-country hunts after the frog, which abounds in the marshes. They stalked him to his lair, and then swathed him with the unpoetic but substantial club, whereupon he croaked his last croak and rendered up his muscular legs to make a dainty feast. Two hunters who beat along the little stream flowing back of the Signal Corps bagged no less than forty-seven batrachians, not counting six toads which they killed by mistake. On tlu whol'i, the colored soldiers got more out of camp life than any one else in the place. _ , , , , ■ _. Some Trouble About Fires. A volunteer whose regiment was brigaded with the Twenty-fourth (colored) Infantry through the Cuban campaign said that the "niggers wen- better Christians than the white men." " We had a lot of trouble about fiie wood on the island," said he. It was hard to find, and it often had to be carried two miles to our quarters, Gathering it was a heavy job for our fellows, for most of them were pretty weak on account of the fever. The fellows in the white regiment in our com- mand were a little better off than we were— they were regulars, you know— and managed to have fires pretty regularly. If we had had to depend on them we would have put cold rations in our stomachs all the time. " ' Say, old man,' 1 heard said to them, ' let's cook a little stuff on your fire when you're through with it; won't you, please?' " And what do you think they'd say ? " ' Aw, go hang,' one of 'em said to me. ' We ain't got enough for ourselves.' " It was a good deal to ask of a man, I'll admit. Why, I've seen half a dozen sick men wait around a fire until the men who owned it were through, and then make a rush for the embers, like seven dogs after one bone. But the niggers were different ; they had bigger hearts. They stood the campaign in great shape, you know, and it wasn't much for them to gather firewood. They'd build a fire six feet long, and they never crowded a poor devil of a weak man out if he wanted to use it. " ' Gimme a chance at your fire ? ' the fellows would ask them. "'Co'se,' they'd say, 'what yo' think we made a big fire fo', anyway? T' cook our own grub o'ny ? Come on, honey.' " That's just the way they'd say it, and as jolly as you like. The niggers are all right; and I've got a place in my heart for the Twenty-fourth Infantry, I tell you." The men tell many instances of like kindnesses. They do not begrudge credit to tlic negrc not Jong slep' with A rej said : 1 re the Ninth though th( "'He yerc ?' I ai any— not if " WelJ haw.' "'Wha "'Oh, haw.' I've It has ^vell "pushes The white pt %hter " for t " In the fourth relieve( nervous work I've heard our heard a colore the colored fell things hadn't | scrambling fn i "• What tl "'AJlrigh want a niggah ( Come ut trenches, you kr Were lying. Co'.se, vv( sU'ted.' HKROISM OF THE REGULARS »I'P' WW, ?„',; t:,f:"f , '*^''"' "- '*^- bro>i,e„. Co e?:,: •.''^•'" '^'^ .^ A regular' who „ 'tro,:"' ' '■^^•' °' '" "^ -" f enT'' ""^ ''^' '^'"ll , -"'-'—,,«„,■„, „„ N,„.„cavX („,„„<,, J remember once we "'orea^ * ain c seen am^ ' - ,, What Icmd of fruit?' says I. un, sharpshooters ' siv« fi, l- " . h':" fr'l*^^ -■„;„?; t""^ -"' *« ^''""^ '° ™. • Haw, haw it has often been said H,.f ' •■In.he.renche.a.sr?^""'"^^'^'™'- fe"r.h relieved us anVwe. hi"";' ■"'■'' "'''■'"'-■- comoral ".h, T .Wed."" "' "^ *■""■■' -- "<".- else,, .a,, „„e. • There wa, r. i nere was three of us 230 HEROISM OF THE REGULARS. " ' Where's the other one ?' says I. " ' We carried him back,' says they, ' an' come on ag'in.' " This volunteer comrade told the story of a negro sergeant whose name he did not know : " It was in that same fight," said he, " and, as bunkie here has told you, we took turns in the trencijcs with the Twenty-fourth, You must understand that we held b<-ch sides of the hill, and that the trenches were high up on the one side, and the place where the reserves were pretty well down on tiic other ; the Spaniards were firing on our line from the bottom of the hill, so the bullets went over the crest low down, and it was a darned dangerous place to be. When we were relieved we had to get over that spot to reacli our reserve position. There was no cover, and the Spaniards had ti ; range down fine, and, what's more, they knew just about when they could get us there. " Well, there was a blockhouse on the top of the hill, with a door in the side of it. That door was in sight from both sides; so it took a nervy man to dodge in or out of it. One morning, when we were about to go back to rest, a negro sergeant, who was in charge of the relief squad, dodged in from behind without getting hit. We were waiting to make a run for it when we saw him. The Spaniards caught sight of him as he ran in, and fired hot. Out he jumped and yelled : " ' Now's cKir chance, boys; come on.' Then he got in again. "A couple of the boys ran out and over, and the shooting went on. They were firing in volleys; and every time that sergeant would hear a voilcy he'd be out waving his hand and yelling: " ' They can't hit > . / ; they can't hit yo'. Now's your chance.' " I thought I'd see him drop every time; but they couldn't hit him. I tell you, he helped us out. Me was like a base-ball coacher, trying to rattle the other side, and getting his own men around the bases. It was so like it that I could pretty near hear old Bill Joyce yelling: ' Lead off there; lead off! Now slide ! slide !' And I swear I could see the old diamond at the Polo Grounds. Well, we only lost one man wounded." A Big Fellow's Bracelets. A strapping negro, who had a silver bracelet on his thick, black wrist, and another in his pocket, "because it was too small to go 'round," and some gold and silver trinkets hanging on his bosom, was riding toward the station on a mule wagon at camp. He was a strong man, with a .«>>' ht moustache and a wool v chin beard, and he was as black as ebony. •• See thar ? he said, taking the small bracelet from his pocket. " i got that fn \Vc wi She gr slie iiai say, sli( liow I I lafTin' ai "L "O "It soldiers' keyed uj tion cam then woL at their d their pen adopted t "Wi nient of c( of men a; of cleanin and go ou three and "Wh( that it St . n skelter froi morous. J One would through th( sharps hoote pop a bullet 'earn, astoni I'ard, and the the field : ' I " Then another. Th hunt in Geoj Iiad knocked tiiey sat arou HKROISM OK THE RKGULARS. that from a Cuban Iir?., ci "«" "'"• '""■J'^^'l "'<•• tliis tlu,.g cue I |,a,l Vi . "'" "' '"'"Bry. Then -y. fo W.,.,od „,y „,,„^,, ,-,, „ '^ -' - J-*-^. anl gave hor .1,L. An" '7 1 got it; and ,l,,-,t'a l.ow lot, oT. ,o h ■"■"""''■'' '"^ "'y =i»'<=r. That's lillin' at man ? Kl, | ■• " °^ "'"^ '=°>'« ™n><= by theirs. What you " It was after the fight at C " • soldiers' bravery, "the boys wcV'dl' ti^'cl, '"r''"' ^'tness of the colored ^cyed up to concert pitch so long t t w 1 -r' '°", '"°"' ^''^>' ^^^ bee -on came they were like dishrags • emhi, "''' '" "^^" ^"^ ^^e relaxa- en would a Mauser bullet sing in o^^^^^T T' "" ""'>' ^^ «-' the,r deadly work. It was ntcessary th ' t^ I '^''f ^P'^^^^^^^s were st.ll tl'e.r perches in the trees, and to brlL u '^''^ '^'''^^'^ be dislodged from vvini us, before Can, v-.o tu^ t ., tt . njent of colored troop- asonod g erl^d ns"h'' '^^^" ^^^^'^y' ^ -g'' o men as ever snapped a Krag-Jorge"; „ n "V ^°'^'''^^^>' « -°-d of cleaning ,>ut the sharpshooters Thev w;. T '^'"^ '^^"^'^^^ ^^e duty -^1 go out gunning for the Span Lds 1h ' Z'''^ "^ ''"'^^ "P their rifl ^ three and four. P'""'"''' ''"^ly and m little parties of two and Looking for "Squirrels." ^l-eltor from the camp. The dehVh, tiZ," I T ^'">' ""'"' mL -orou.,. It wa., simply a. coon In nt 'or ,','," "l" T'' "^ *adly h„. One would duck i„ and out among the bus c'" ,"'°°""« ''==' "> »■-"'■ 'h'ough the grass, his eye fixed on some tre t ""^^'^ °" '''' body rtarp.hooter half concealed up the"e i„ he 1 . "= """''^ =?<" ' pop a bullet at him. The aim was i" L™ ' T' ""P"« "P "-I" 'earn, ,,to„i,h|y accurate. Down Z outTh , '° '" "' "' ""^ =«= ,„ ;-d .nd the colored trooper would lalh/i''^""'"'' '™"'= ""■■ Span- the field: • D.r^s annuder squirrel, Ga^^ge l "' ""°" '° " ™"= '"oss rtVHe^oTo'f^-Ltfo;;:^^ - .ingdown -. - -- ^^' - w tcingrh :; jr -;.Se- ,-. 232 HEROISM OF THE REGULARS. they'd laugh till their sides ached in recounting the gyrations the sharp- shooters would go through in the air and when they struck the ground. After that the Tenth Cavalry came to be known as the ' squirrel hunters ' among the other soldiers." Our colored troops gave an excellent account of themselves at Santiago, and proved that in fighting qualities they are inferior to none. Lewis Bow- man of the Tenth Cavalry, who had two ribs broken by a bursting Spanish shell before San Juan, said, after describing the landing and marching to the front : " The Rough Riders had gone off in great glee, bantering us and good- naturedly boasting that they were going ahead to lick the Spaniards without any trouble, and advising us to remain where we were until they returned, and they would bring back some Spanish heads as trophies. When we heard firing in the distance our captain remarked, that some one ahead was doing good work. The firing became so heavy and regular that our officers, with- out orders, decided to move forward and reconnoitre. " When we got to where we could see what was going on, we found that the Rough Riders had marched down a sort of a canon between the moun- tains. The Spaniards had men posted at the entrance, and as soon as the Rough Riders had gone in had about closed up the rear, and were firing upon the Rough Riders from both the froni- and the rear. Immediately the Spaniards in the rear received a volley from our men of the Tenth Cavalry without command. The Spaniards were afraid we were going to flank them, and rushed out of ambush, in front of the Rough Riders, throwing up their hands and shouting, 'Don't shoot; we are Cubans.' Fighting under Great DiflBculties. " The Rough Riders thus let them escape, and gave them a chance to take a better position ahead. During all this time the men were all in tall grass, and could not see even each other, and I fear the Rough Riders in the rear shot many of their men in front, mistaking them for Spanish soldiers. By this time the Tenth Cavalry had fully taken in the situation, and, adopting the method employed in fighting Indians, were able to turn the tide of battle and repulse the Spaniards. " I was in the fight of July ist, and it was in that fight that I received my wound. We were under fire in that fight about forty-eight hours, and were without food and with but little water. We had been cut off from our pack train, as the Spanish sharpshooters shot our mules as soon as they came anywhere near the lines, and it was impossible to move supplies. Very sonn after the firing began our colonel was killed and the most of our other officers HEROISM OF THE REGULARS. w=rc killc-d or wounded so thM ,,, ^^ 1°"^ "' ^""-^ °f "- Ninth and TenTavr °'.*^' ''"P"'"^ ^^«'= -- ■f there were any officers around we nlfr ^ """""" "^"''i ",, at leas, mands. The las, command I hid of """' ""^ ""' ""^ad the! „' -^e wastiTn ;raTe r^ V"' ' "" ""' ""»■ ^he next mo a-d Bayoneted and ctbh^lLf o',!? .tl^^!? "^ '<- ""^ S^^S,17:Z: "At San I ■ ^^'"'"'^ *^' ^*^^« ^°d Stripes At ban Juan It was I who haH th« i houses you hear so n.uch about ad t wasT^r '^ *^'^ ^^'"^ ^^ ^^ose block and S,ripe3, a bullet caZ « i,t"'f„ ^' ;"« "- about to p an' tie sL" : '^^^^:^£^Tr^> /re?- -5 :Xro^^^- «-S; „: l^-tf-.^ .heyreared .he -'"^...atishrdt;: ::„:::: "" '° -"^-airn^"? "■ As I went near an old trlTl'^T''^ '" ' '"""-^ '" a"°"'" di ec JZe?"HVL™". "'PP-^V.otrundt'l."";s'"-?^t '"" "'^'^ him ;? , ^^' "^^^ had been nickinr. ff ^'^"^ ^ ^P^^'sh ^harp- mm and whaclfpri u- " "^'"ff "" our m^n r ^.a- ' , ^ -«ed ,-n «roX°" "" ■""- "-■=■•»« ''• Ou"r i^'r „T t„';^ m 234 HEROISM OF THE REGULARS. Willis, of the Ninth Cavalry, told of his experience in picking off a sharp- shooter who was hidden in a cocoanut tree. ^^ ^_ "Thev had been getting our officers in great shape, he said, ana wc 1 , ^Z the life of us locate a man or men who were doing it. Fmally a couldn t for the life ot "« ^° j j^^ij^j that it was about time bullet struck one o -y °^;;;^^;;;^'J^;^" 3harp lookout and all at once 1 " 't l::^'^^:^'^^ loT,!-... .\..c, of cocoanuts. I drew :::::: wTSTtooktrth^rn who had pWed su.. havoc among our "'^"■" "For Heaven's Sake Don't Go Up that Hill." us Jake the charge he ..mod his back upon us and »ept. One of the men, in answering a question a» to the =<1"'P"» c A A Americans sDokc of the difference between Springfield, Krag- we were ncd / fighting with the old great disadvantage ow.n to * f' f^t^f-V^ ^^ ,^, ...^ „,,, Tv « Spanird by h, J„„, of smoke from their guns, could easily volley the Spana'ds, O) « ^^„^j^ „„^ „y,„g „„j locate the American shooter.s. Ami "°" '" , However, we took doing execution among the -^^"l^/^/^^^lXt"^^^^ ^^^ .->, drawing their fire.' CHAPTER XIV Stories Of Ca.p,p,e„,„, Hospital by the Volunt Quartermaster sFprp.xr. Volunteers. first New Yorktn. ^f ^^^^^^ JAMES S. LONC q I ^^cw i:ork volunteers, was slmt fi, , ^^^^^> Seventy- conduct of the regiment he s!id ' """^' ^^'^ ^^'g^^- Of the shooters in the treL'^^Itwr''' '^^°''^ ^° ^^^ '""rderous f5re of th ^ right, and .ost of us ^1:1^^"^'^ '^"^^^^ ^° stand eve h.l 7" were held b ^k. Colone, Dol" Ma" rTt'^ '"^'""^ ^" °^ '^ ^ e we" tenant- ,,..,,eltn.oved about at thdr^^^^^^ Captain Raffcrty and Lie"! them .. d possible death without L^Lh^f ""'^"^'>'' ^"^ -^T on^of CoJonel Downs stnnH , , ^"^htest tremor. ^ ^ °' and use. ,. g.as JIC^TstXr^ '", ^ "'*" *»" of bu„e,3 a s„n,n,er hotel pi^,,,. jjajor Keck t r h T '"""""S « " landscape om the- Colonel shot at any m„n,e„i and M»r "^'"'f """o"- I «pected to see charge up San Juan hill. '' """' *'»•'" Keck led in pe^on that fearful pareicularTatTutlhrofficerir *°"" *« ■' '^ -^rd to single out « fear and obedienrfoTl^rh^rrse^TH'' ''■^'"-'-"- ^">^"h^ he ranks, you know something abful whi ", • "'''• ^■' '° "« -^en i„ fed ttv'l";" "'''^"^ -*ely Iwt . al?""'°" "-• and, consider- .he Seve„.y./;st Si:;. :„?:etThrotht' h^^ ^'^ '""'^ "> -■« ■" The outbr:ak'of tl,e«?rordt """'"• "*■""" consent to enlist, joining CompanJ A o/'hel"' ""'.'"= ^^''"^■' "^ Pa-nts' onApr, 30th. He was a. Can,p sracL at TTi^ ■ f' "^'P''* Townsend. the battle grounds of Cuba. ' ^' lakeland, at Tampa, and ove^ »f 'he SirnTLa^;;!;,^^^^^^^^^^^ I"" "" July ,s,, „„ .,. ,, "" *"= ^'°''=- «""«^ --« upon .h^ tie strt" re°"of'' ' ""'" '""'^ "^-ture. une man was killed 235 mi in 1 r ^36 STORIES OF THE VOLUNTEERS. and nine \vv .e wounded before the troops left the place that night. They moved toward the right and then laid down to sleep. They were awakened about one o'clock in the morning to dig trenches. Dixon was one of a de- tail of twelve men who went to the rear to get packs which had been left behind. They returned at dusk. Struck Twice by Bullets. "When we got back," he said, "we were tired and wet, having forded the creek twice. I dried myself at a campfire and lay down. Firing woke us up about ten o'clock, and Major Whittle ordered Company A to the firing line. We started for the trenches, and I felt a blow just behind my right ear. It stunned me for a moment and I staggered. Putting my hand to my head, I found that the bullet had only grazed me, but it bled pretty freely." There is a white scar on Dixon's head to show how narrow was his escape. " The bullets were coming thick Afvhen we reached the trench," he said. " For some of us there was no room, and we lay down on the ground. I had hardly stretched myself when I felt a sharp blow on the right shoulder. The bullet entered at the top and came out at the back. " I got up and walked back a short distance and met one ct ihe hospital corps. He tied up my head and my shoulder pretty well, but bandaged them so tightly that I was dizzy. I stayed near the trenches until ten o'clock in the morning of Sunday, July 3d, when Major Whittle ordered me to the rear. Two men helped me to walk to the emergency hospital, and later I went in an ambulance to the division hospital, where my wounds were dressed for the first time. They started me for Siboney, then, in an army wagon, buc I couldn't stand it. I got out and walked, and finally reached Siboney." Dixon went to Tampa in the transport Cherokee, and thence to Fort McPherson, Ga., where, eleven days after he left Siboney, the wound in his shoulder was again dressed. It was then in pretty bad shape. He stayed at Fort McPherson three weeks, and then came home. His wound was at- tended afterwards by the surgeons at Fordham Hospital. When school opened young Dixon gathered his books together and went back, as a matter of course. The presence of a wounded soldier among the pupils would have caused enough sensation, but when he was one of themselves, the studies were almost demoralized. Had he had a thousand buttons and bullets, he could not have satisfied the demands for souvenirs, and the number of times he was asked how it felt to be shot would not bear calcul.ation. Lieutenant Herbert Hyde True, of Company L, Seventy-first regiment, STOR.KS OF THE VOLUNTKERS. XT ... "'-"-l-'iN ll'.KR<; XX^bXH '— -» J™ H..i. on ;„;,, ,, "^ t'^k^". On its summit was a S, u 1 '"'^'"'^ ^^'" J"''" Hill "^^1 was .he fiercest engagement of the «r.' """ "? ""•• '"o-Main 0- left and right f>..ks illlll 'r"'^""™ -6™-^^ „r; ^lej ! onr ^ft^ -.gher up we went the n.„„ .langerc^LecaJ: "■ 'nd- fiTel; Ihe t'tiftir *r '■" r'"™ °^ •■-". b". we had to r.fe and smokeless powder. ""'' ^P"""^'> sharpshooters with Maler a naystacl,, this locating the Spanish ,1,, t ^^'"S '° find a nce.lle i„ 5 ::i?:" °"="^' - ^s s trnrs- '" -'""= *"* ""' «" trees and bushes. '"=«. hidden as they were by the :"■ f '"'\ The Spanish arti, ery Z; atlo' t"' '"'""'■ """ <"> «» w™ w shrapnel coming the men wouidl^^~* '".f '"«'. ■"" -ery time we rfves flat. I, was prett- warn, work Th "«'■ '""' "'■'' «"-ow our! i he Spanish ptr. up a good (i?ht 1 'iT , "hght. ll:g.ve,hem credit for that. The m's\ 238 STORIES OF THE VOLUNTEERS. big balloon that followed the Seventy-fir.-,t along the charge helped to locate our men, and their fire, although generally wild, was suinetimes effective. The Americans had really underestimated their fighting ability. They knew how to shoot, and they had the advantage of knowing every inch of the ground. " Still, they gave way when our men charged, and retreated in a hurry. Our pioneer corps cut the wires with clippers and axes, and not a man was killed. I was the first man to .each the summit of San Juan hill, and I think it was our quick action that saved our lives. The Sp liards were not expect- ing such an impetuous charge, and we took ihem by surprise. "The greatest .strain came upon us the night after the first day's battle- I didn't sleep a wink, but spent the night looking after my men. The smell from rotting vegetation accumulated for years was almost overpowering as we lay in the trenches, but there was not a murmur. The second day's fighting was really more exciting than the first, but we had got used to being under fire and didn't mind it. Bullets flew abo-it us like hailstones, and men fell all around us. We had to cross a couple of creeks, n which we waded waist deep again.st .strong currents, and it was at the creek near the field hospital that the Spaniards did the most damage. Even our wounded aid the Red Cross nurses carrying disabled men were shot down. " I want particularly to praise the Twenty-fourth Infantry, colored. They did everything in their power to help the Seventy-first boys, and some of them even gave up their places and rations to our men." Sang "Yankee Doodle." Quartermaster's Sgt. J. S. Lung, who received a bullet wound in the thigh, in a letter descriptive of his experiences at the charge of San Juan hill said: " I v/as shot by a Mauser bullet in the right thigh, just below the hip bone— the ball going right through my leg, just gr-^zing the bone. It is heal- ing up nicely now and I am able to hobble around. The transport which brought us from Cuba was not prepared for us; we had nothing to eat out of or to eat with except the old tomato cans and corned beef tins, which we had to beg for from the cook. I suppose you have read all about the charge up San Juan hill and about the bravery of the Seventy-first boys. " The battle commenced at about half-past five on the morning of July 1st. We were obliged to lie flat in the weeds and creep, inch by inch, to places of shelter or high ground. In front it was impossible to see ten feet for cactus plants and wild and dense growth of foliage. Then at noon the artillery opened up strong, and under their heavy fire we silently advanced. Men dropped on ali sides ; groans and death rattles were heard at almost STORIES OF THE VOLUNTEERS. every step. Officers were not at thcim . -"'^"^^^' 239 and woMnded. Our con.pany bccrme sc" 'f ? '"''* "^^">' ^''^ ^cen killed The Sixth, Sixteenth and Sev.n % "^''''''' ^°J'owed. ^ we took up the song • Vanki: Doo^l ^ti^^.^^^^ ^" ""-^ "P together, but "P the h.ll, and i„ the face of a blindL 1 tf " "' "'" ''"" ^^ ^-^-cl James Carroll, a nrivate in r wounded twice in the rfgltn^^ "^^-^^-^-t New York was He said his battalion was on no " If 'T"^ ^'" J"^" ^''' «" July Tst and that four times duru./ h^tht d/" ^^:,^^^"-day nig,, j^t^-.'^^ ' who took moving land crabs fo S,^ , ' T, T ""^' °"^ ^^ P-ke ' a way that resen,bled the walk o/ Tm so f ^ ^"'^ '"^P^^ -"^bout in P-ckets would lookout among the bXs '''' ^°""^ ^^"t. The they would ci.alienge, and, rec' i ng no "i:" :"" ^Z" "^° ^^^ --4 squad seemed to come from. The " ardl^' m '^ ^'' '" *^^ ^'^^ction the shots, and. after a search in the bull's "tu^d" ."f °"' '" ^"^^^ ^^ he boys were inclined to laugh at the p cLrh . u '^'' "'^'- ^ome of thi scouts advised them to shoot wl eneve th u ^f '''^'''' '"^ the Cuban knew the "crab walk" and wo d "o'l '^ T' '^°""^-^' - the SpanS hought every sound came from e c a L ' Te f *' ''^^ ^°^ '^'^^^^ -^ on the pickets. "^^'- ^'^^ ^P^^'ards did not fire much Long Fight With Sharpshooters Carroll said that on the TN, ^ i'^^ooiers. battalion to which he belonged Jasl'Tl"! P"'^''"^ *^^ ^-t battle th. Which he could not recall, an'd g^ Xr^'t "V° ^ ^'^^^^' ^'^ -- o clock to get all the men supplL Then S^ "'• ^' '""^^ till twelve for two hours' sleep. At two o'clock^hr '^' ^^'^ ''°^'" °" the ground he eight-mile march toward San a' h ^ IZT' ^"' ^"^ '" -tloHn or the marching soldiers. ' ^^^ ^Pan.ards soon began firing ''II at San Juan. Halfway up LZTT ^"^^ """* ^ '='>="-8e up the Spaniard., bu, „„b„dy wanted tonTbr r"'" = ""^ """^Aon^ L *ot m this charge. Both bul et came „ '' ^'"u '"=='*''^ ""• Carroll wa' *r.d by h,s captain to go to the rear '' '""'"'' "'^k, and was or- 240 STORIES OF THE VOLUNTEERS. Most of the men who were wounded did not wait to be carried back. They simply rolled down the hill. Carroll walked to the hospital, but the doctors > ere so busy with men who were more seriously wounded than he that he went on back till he reached a hospital in the rear. John E. Keller, of Company A, Seventy-first regiment, was wounded m the right hand in the San Juan charge. The Spaniards left the.r mtrench- ments when the boys made their charge, and left ammunit.on, wh.ch was given to the Cubans. Keller said he wa. shot at as he was gomg to the rear after being wounded, but as he was carrying his gun the Spaniard couldn t be blamed. He saw Spaniards firing at our troops from wmdows ui Santiago. He thought some ofthese were women. F. C Kuehnle, of Company D, of the same regiment, received two bu let holes through his hat. and said one of them knocked it off his head n h.s opinion, seventy-five men must have been ki.led m the Seventy-first at b n- tiago It was almost impossible for oi . to keep track of one's friends m the regiment, he said, because details were constantly taken from one conipany to go in another, or to assist some other army organization. He fought xv.tl Company F. although he was a member of Company D. He said some of the boys at the front were short of rations, mainly because they did not take care of what they had. . e ^ • . F A. Scandlen. of Company G. Seventh United States infantry, was just putting his bugle to his mouth to sound the call to cease fi"ng when te Ipaniards made an unexpected charge, and he was shot in the hand. He dropped the bugle. Eager to Get into Action. Coming asa.essage from the grave, a Itter written by Corporal G. Immen. Com- any C. Seventy-first New York volunteers was received by a rTend a few days after the brave Corporal had fallen m the attack on Santi- ago Tellin ^ as it does, the eagerness of the soldiers to get into action and the hardship^ they were forced to put up with, the letter .s of unusual ,n- '''"'when the letter was received the writer lay dead upon the battlefield, according to reports from the front. This is the letter in part : " FiRMEZA, Cuba, Saturday, June 25th, 1898. " Dear Friend : -We arrived at this place two days ago but did not land until they bombarded the place. We disembarked Thursday midn^h . under the ea^chlights from the liner St. Louis We landed on a beach on whicrthere's a large cocoanut f.rm. and indulged in this fruit for supper, or, ri^^er. breakfast. Got little sleep that night, and woke up tired that morn.n. STORIES OF THE VOLUNTE.CRS. to arms,' ,„j ^ ^^^ guns "' 1 jin'^f "'h' "■"'"'"« '"= S"' a hurry , ^gade the Sixth and Sixteenth U„ ted Se! 7""*' "''' '^™' "^-'h ou vo,un.eer. to rein.ree ■ --/rt-;-:-;-^^^^^^^^^^^^ •■Ti.eKir.a„d^T°.:rfa?^*''^°''^°'"- f'e outfit for six nnles but^,"'"''? "'■'■'^^<^^' '''"^ vve vverlke " / '"^"^ one and six in the other. We c me h "°- '^"'^^^ ^^ ^^^^ dagoes fifte • lieat was fierce qnH T ,7 '' ^''^'^'^ without hav/nn- j '^°^^' ^^^en in Wlows ...re^Ihrr ,n? r '^ "- '.ropp,,; '--^;- .;^%l;t. The •■ This corning wehat XVIdfdt^''" ."" '""■^^ °" « ".ar h ' ^^ 'e;-^n?r^hth::rv'^^-^^^^ ten yards of you befn^ ^ '° ^'"'^'^ *'>''t a felJow couM ! ''' *° '^^ «•- and hope to be ab,e, ""'■''' '^ «<""K °". We« I? "'T' '''=^'' 'o avenge the Mair" '^ "f 'T '"" ""' "-< »-^ Tl T '" f ^= For God and eountry, ,s ever yZ frie,!!) "^ ''■='* .^e Jut;!?!::";:*™:"-; "="'" °" °'^ *-'^ .ake„ frol^-'™-" Private Charles p V r I' """'"P^ «» °"e found in tT, h •'>■• °' *--/^-:e:::w'h-tifh:ret;u^^^^^^^ fcidlfo's^n'd'it toT""; ' ■■""' "« •■■"•' to :!r!;i"h?' """r' ^""^ ^5- 6re, and I h! 1 ^ "' ^"^ =' 'ast we have h. °°^ '«'" ''ome, so • ./ ' ''"' '■""' ae ™oans of the li ^aL' ^'''^^ '" =«-' ™- J-'ng and the cries for the dead. «:h 242 STORIES OF THE VOLUNTEERS. Yesterday Roosevelt's Rough Riders were caught in a trap, and but for the Umely interference of reinforcements would have been w.ped out of ex.stence. AUoge her. I counted sixty wounded, and I saw five dead. am however, ^formed there are many more. Yesterday afternoon I was dct.uled after the Latt e to help car^^ in the wound-d. and last night was on p.cket duty, and l^ht morning we were away at seven o'clock over the mountams after the '^^'"- We have just returned, and arc to .^.rt out again at a quarter to six. .nd ^ha^l continue on until we come to Santiago, wh.ch .s but seven m.les rom h re This town. Juragua. we bombarded the day we landed and cleLd out the Spaniards intrenched in the hills which abound around here. Our soldiers are not up in bushwhacking warfare, and unless we mee the Span ards in open fight we will have a hard tin,e. and I assure you that. S the transports expected to carry us in a few days to Havana or Porto Rico they will not do so. for it will take some time to clean the Span.ards out of this one spot. We did not have the good fortune to have an actual battle. •IS the Spaniards took flight at our approach and escaped us. "A captain of the Rough Riders was killed, and I ^f^^^/^^^^^H^^ Fish is reported dead. I cannot tell the exact number of dead and wounded, b"t expect a full report before we leave to-night. Many regulars have suc- cumbed to the heat and to the Spaniards' bullets, but the Seventy-first rema.ns ntTct to a man. for how long the Lord only knows. However, hey seem to be able to stand more hardship than the regulars. We have thrown away bank^s coats, underwear-everything but the clothes on our backs ammu- n Ln clnteen and rifle-and carry nothing not absolutely necessary. TIk he^t "; te;rific. but the ni.hts are cool and we sleep in the open a.r. just where we find ourselves. In the Deserted Iron Works. " We are now in the Juragua Iron Works, which were blown to pieces bv the American 'ar ships. It is a very extensive establ^hment, and he Ipn^tor and his mployees fled for their lives, leaving books and all h ffiTe stationery anc ledgers scattered around. This is a bea"t.ful coun^^ and while fruit is abundant, we are afraid to eat it for fear of po.son. Th nhotlraohs of the starving Cubans are correct. Such s.cken.ng sights ou 'wXofrnttosee. They are terrible, ^f e cl^i'^- ^ith big s.ol^n stomachs and emaciated limbs starving to death. Say. • ^ -^ -^ ■^- don't knock the tar out of the Spaniards we w.ll never go back to Ltw ^°'^" Well, dear brother, good-bye. and though I may not have a chance to STORIES OF THE VOLUNTEERS. Donald C. McClelland nrivat^ m r " Charlie." ment who wa, wounded. 1' dc^MnT"/' ^'/'^ '''^"'y'^^^ -S'"- the City of New York, and was stu X . " h "^ ^' '" '^'' ^^''^ee of law school of Colun,bia Collcg^wS^^^ Preparatory to entering the He visited Can,p Black, and ITc'Z'Z e htw m'' ^'""'^^^'^'^ ^^ ^d- for permission to join Captain Stoddart's cor n T "' '""^ ^^^''^'''•°"^"d hon.e Immediately after the battbof l' n '" "' °"'^'- the f5eld the follow.ng letter to 1 " noPh rdate'd"^? ""^''^"^"^ ^^"^''^ °" Santiago de Cuba. June 26th : ' "^ ^'boncy, five nules from witnessing seveTal blTbaTdLXt:^;,!;,",;-^';;^^' 7"''"g all around Cuba. at four o'clock. We had been here but a f. ' ^ *''' ^''^^"^^y "^°^»'"IJ arms was sounded, and, with over a hundred ?" ^'^^" '''' ^"g'- "11 to started at a double-.uick up the mo un tat """'^ °' ^"'"^"'^'- -^'^. we ^i°*°ry for the Rough Riders. --unt3iraTwv;erub;°rorerrtsni:r terrific engagement with the Spaniards aTd J f' ^'"^''' ^^^« '" ^ Rou,h Riders fought so well, however that th """'" '''"'' "'"PP^^*^ The fl.^'ht. and we were not called Lpon to s hoof "^ ''°" P"' '^^ ^P^"'^^ds to I had the honor of beino- ih^ g . ' patrolled a lonely post all nig'ht el^^,? ::^;; ^ T'"'""^ '" ^"^^- ^ showed themselves, however, and the nlh/Z ^ u ' ^° ^'^P^"'^'"^^ "We have received orders 1 J f' ^'"''^ ^^'^out incident. and we start in a f.. hours to aj^ur he s^rnhT^'^^'"^ '"^ ^"''"-'^'-. I W.11 get through all right, but if I don't vo T V" ^'"''■'^°- ^ ^^^' ^hat Sergeant David Werdensch a^ o" Corn '"'^'' ' ^''^^ ^^^' ^ '"an." cave an interesting account of h 3 e^pe HencT'rthe b .M^^rf'^'^^ ^^^--^. I shall never forget July r and 2 1 8o« ' V . ^'" •^""" "'"• J-mble at three a. M.%ot know ng hat a ba t^e" ' . " ^' ""^ ^^"^^ '^ day, although it was daily expected ,>h u '""' ^° ^"^ ^°"ght on that ^^at hour, as all our marches we elde 7^ ""^'"^ """^"^^ *° ^^ <=alled at heat of the day. We received hrTeda'"'"^'^ "?^'' °"'"^ ^° *^^ '"t-- 'eft camp, about eight miles from Q 7 ' °"' '^" "''^''^ P'-^vious. We toward the front. It a q a" er o s^"' T' "'^^^^-^ " ^^''"P ^"^^^ - tance from us; then anc^ber and anoth. "7^ '^"' "^"^ '--^^ ^^' ^^ ^is- and another, and then we knew that the 'ball' i'H- il 244 STORIKS OF THE VOLUNTEERS. *iad opened. On and < n wc marched, together with thousands of other sol- dicrs • nearer and nearer could the roar of the cannon be heard. " The heat from tlie sun was intense, ami, with our burden of 200 rounds of ammunition, three days' rations an.i haversack roll of tent and blankets, and a canteen of water, we struggled aloi.tj without a halt. At ten A. M we were close upon the enemy. Eleven A. M. everything was confusion. Wc now knew what was before us. The roads were covered with thick brush, through which we had to crawl. Bullets were flying thick and fast over our heads and shells singing past us. "At times wc were compelled to lie upon the gr -und until our march was resumed. ' To the front, charge ! ' was given, and tiien we went .it double quick out upon the field, and through brooks, with water up to our armpits. The sight was terrible. Mm were met with at every step coming back to the rear wounded ; others lying about us. Up the hill, with the Spaniards only three hundred feet before us, bullets falling all around us thick as raindrops, shells bursting over our heads, while our dear comrades were falling fast around us, some never to rise again and others crawling to places of safety. It was awful ! The battle continued for two days and a half. Many men are sick with fever, and if they do not take us out of this very soon there will not be many left to tell the tale." A Death-Dealing Place. Frank Gaughran, a private in Company I, Ninth Massachusetts regiment, wrote to a friend under date of July 31 that the boys at the front were all ex- pecting and praying to be sent away from Santiago. " It's a death-dealing place." he said, " and there will be very few of us left to tell the tale of Santiago's surrender if the government continues hold- ing us here. The prevailing disease is swamp fever. I have already fallen a victim to it. The fever was preceded by a painful sore throat. The only thing that buoys up the feeling of the men is Cervera's defeat and the sur- render of Santiago. I suppose Boston had a great time when they heard the news We had a Fourth of July time here. The officers of the Ninth have suffered terribly. Major Grady's death broke us all up. Colonel Bogan has gone home sick, and we all fear for his death. " This is a pest hole here. In the day you are roasted alive, and at nit^ht drowned. For several days we camped on the banks of the San Juan river, and the dread malaria worked its havoc among the boys. We all have had a taste of war. The Spaniards are good fighters, and they made it hot for us for a brief period. The Ninth has tried to do its duty. Our awkward rifles and dirty powder kept us away from the brunt of the battle. I have had lots /.•! STORIKS OF THE VOLUNTEERS. ofnarrow escapes as did all tlw. K^ "^^' 245 tliankful. ■ »■- '""£ »» we escaped being hit we were " I will be ashamed to ionk h — u i .- bac|c. You don. .now' W t ' .ttt -To 'T '" ^^^ ^^^ ^'^^ ^ tramp down School street once again d land T °^' "°^- ^''^'" -^ who bade us godspeed will w.^.^, uXltLt T'"' ^' ^°P^ ^'^^^ ^^ose knew how. We have givr, up o Von , « ^^ ^ ^" ^^ ^'^ ^''^ ^est we 1 i'ope to keep alive tiU I s.T^, 'ro„c"e " "" '''^ ''''' °^ -^ -""t^ we are removed from here w„.,i„ , .[^^ "''"''' '^^^ ^h-nk I will, for if Don t forget to write, as tht -oi^-.v, bov, '^^'''"^ ^'" ^c all right, read and re-read them." ^°^'' appreciate letters verj. much, and Mrs r ,, °''' ^'° ®"^'' ^^«** Loss. Mrs. George W Oh nf di i j , . . George, a member of CompanVAl":^^^^^ ^ '^"- f-- her son ^vhilc he was in the hospit^JKey W 'tX"T' y."'^ ^'^''^ ^'^'-^-" '"u-st not worry about me ; our company was '" C U "'''" ^' '"'"^ '^ " ^'°" 2 we went into battle with the Snanish u I ^ . ""''^ ^""^ ^4. On July had a terrible fight and had to march thu''^^' "^''^'^ '■'•'^"' Santiago. We tain, and through the jungle, and we eex2 ? TT '''' °^^^^ ^'^ -°-- got up on the line of battlc^ I canit de T u'° "'" ^P""'^^ ^^^ ""til we •000 men, dead and wounded rsroftem be ^Ti '"'^'^ ^"'^ ^^- ti'ey had an opportunity to fire a shot 7 h^"^ "''' "'' ^°""^^^ '-^"^e intrcnchments. "°* ""^ ^^^ ^"emy, who kept behind the "We could not get mir nrf.'ii o'clock in „,e n,orni„'g „f i^fj^P ■"«-,-- wore fighting fron, 4 eet mjured until about 3 o'clock in ,h" V '" "'" '="=""'e- I did not the left »l,ou,der with a Ma "er ' '^ k I'T'' ^'""' ' ™ ^h"' ""-"rt pas.e.1 through the shoul.C b,ldt " """■ "'"■'^'' '"' "■>- shoulder and On the following day with nth«.o u a .-sport and arri Jher'c; Tk^XT::;!'":^''''' ' "^ "'^^^ °" George Andre, a member of Comnal K c ^ . "-ent, wrote to his sister as follows ■■?»„ ^'"'T'"" ^'^ ^'"'^ «gi- "onroe, Va., among the wound dh^vinlh "°''J" '^' '""'''"' ^' P"'"'^' the battle before Santiago. wTarnCd r'u *°' '" ""■ "S'" ''^ ''"""8 ™d as we landed the Spanish fired™! u" ^ ' °" " •""^''"'' "" J- ^3" - ordered ;t:ettr'l::;:';«!;f '^'^-^ <-»<- -heir Skirmish, and we - -th regiment of ^e.-'ar.' ^loreTc^val^ L ^LTl^s;::^^^^^^^^^^ 246 STORIES OF THE VOLUNTEERS. to within seven miles of Santiago. I do not \--\''^'! ""'Z^ZlT were killed or wounded, but there were seventy-five Spanish soldiers k. led. "As we advanced the heat was so intense that we threw away all our clothing except shirts, trousers and shoes. The road we took was narrow, and we pasfed through woods in single file exposed to the enemy's fire. On the Tght after the fight many of the soldiers, on learning that a «^a.l was to be ^nt to New York, wrote cheering letters while lying down m the trenches to /relatives and friends at home. Soon after landing we were jomed by 5000 ' half-starved and poorly-clothed Cubans. I am doing very well m the hospital, where everything is made as comfortable as possible. General Lawton. in his report after the assault upon and capture of El Caney by his division during the first day's fightmg said : " It may not be out of place to call attention to this peculiar feature of the battle. U was fought against an enemy fortified and intrenched within a compact town of stone and concrete houses, some with walls several feet thiTk and supported by a number of covered solid forts, and the enemy con- tinued to resist, until nearly every man was killed or^ounded. with a seem- ingly desperate resolution." Balloon Brought Down by Shell. Sergeant Bonanzinga. member of the balloon staff of the Fifth Army Corps, a? Santiago, was'in the military balloon, and was the only one hurt when it fell riddled by the Spanish. He said : ,/r c ij ,u -Our ascent was made iust before daylight. Major Maxfie d. a tele- eraph operator, and myself were the only persons in the car We went up Tout 2^^ fee; and we're '.eld in position by four cables Thatheigh gave us an excellent view of the San Juan Hill forts and trenches. We could ee "roops moving cannon into position and hauling ammunition and the brmg- ng up of infa'ntry from the direction of Santiago. We made -reful note everything-the position of every field piece, its approximate calibre, th number of troops about the blockhouse, and. in fact, everything our army , neeTed to I..ow This was worked out on charts, and the general informa- tion was telegraphed below to the officers. .. We had bee at work a couple of hours before the enemy d.scove e is Then the sharpshooters began popping away from the treetops bu ,_* -t," w thev di'^"'^ H.> ..s. Suddenly we noticed a commotion in a battery ^l^L. ' Their big guns were trained our way and a shell went j|w| STORIES OF THE VOLUNTEERS. screamang over the top of the balloon T^ denl,^ about 5.30 p. m., rba 3 e iXtS '^ "" ""' "^ "'• ^"d- Sergeant Thomas C. Boone a '^^nr. a the war balloon, tells the particuWsord^^^^^ T'^ "^^ ^'^ '" take m sending the balloon up from the skirmTsh.n' r' '''"'' °^*^^ «^^ '"'«- rear. In a letter Mr. Boone said : '^"^"^'^^ing hne instead of from the ^^ Balloon Game Down with a Rush not -""^^^^i^t:^^::^^ - ^"^^' ^-- 1 .d been unable to walk for some time stifdld n ^'"''•'"' ^'^^^^^^ ^ ^^^ve senous as the surgeons here claim i tie T,?';f''''' '"^^ ^°"d'^'°" as It was a streak of continuous bad Lk 0„ the'fi Tl ^°" ^°" ' ^°' ^"'•t- .n the balloon on the battlefield at 7 a m and th k ,f '^ °' J"'^' ' -^"* "P all over the field when shot to p'ec;s\Tlf ''"^^^^^ '""^ ^ I'ne at i p.m. P'^'^^" ^'g^^ty yards from the Spanish " We thought our height, to^ethpr «,,>!, *t, • ,. . us protection. We were 'a dly m' st^^^^^^ -arkmanship, afforded four shrapnel shots went through theTnflatint h n ° ^""^''"^ bullets and and we came down with a rush stW i g L l!^;f ^f"^ ^^^ gas to escape, throwing us out. In falling I was Julu fu . '^^ alongside a creek anchor of the balloon, was ^suspended fSrV" '''°"^" '^^ ' P^'"* of the then dropped into the creek, witMhe t^ruo 7"^"' "^"^'^ ^ ^'^^^-e- bru,sed and shaken up, but owing to the ex. . ""' '^'°"''^'-^- ^ ^^« ^adly notice the pain. ^ ^° *^^ excitement of the tim« I did not " Three of our detachment were killed ^n^ f one men. which shows that we were in a orett '"T'^''^ °"* "^ ^^^nty- go to the hospital about my injur; unnf 2 7/"" S'?"' ^^"' ' ^'^ -^ could scarcely walk. The surgeons at t e fiifd U ! ^'' '^^" ^° ^^ak I army wagon without springs at nine n' I , ^°'P'*'' P'^^^^ "^^ in an old hospital seven miles away.'oVe, l^^:^ Z """'J' *° '^ ^^^^ ^° ^-'ht At this hospital I was told that I wo7d 1. '" ''' "°^'' "'^'^^"^ ^-bt. an operation, and here I am." ' ^"^ '*" ^^ ''^ the United States for iii CHAPTER XV. General Shafter Tells of the Downfall of Santiago and Surrender of the Spanish Army. Y July 2d, it became evident to all that Santiago was a doomed city, and this became a certainty the next morning when Cervera's fleet made its disastrous effort to escape. El Caney and San Juan commanding Santiago were in our possession and help could no longer be expected from without. General Shafter, thereupon, immediately demanded the surrender of Santiago on pain of bombardment, a demand which was promptly retused by General Jose Toral, the commander of the city. The United States were not waging war against defenseless women and children ; the Spanish general was informed that, for their sake, the bombard- ment would be postponed until July 5th, at noon. Negotiations for "honorable" terms of surrender were now carried on for several days by the Santiago commander in the course of which Hobson and his crew were exchanged (July 6th) and the line of our intrenchments was carried closer and closer to the city. At last, on the i6th of the month, the beleaguered general bowed to the inevitable. t .. i. c • With the surrender of the province of Santiago, Cuba was lost to Spam. On July 1 8th, General Shafter wrote to Secretary Alger of the surrender ^^ ^°"°"'^ • " Camp before Santiago, Cuba, j uly 1 8th. " I take the liberty of sending to you this morning a copy of the agree- ment between the Commissioners on my part and the Commissioners on tlie part of the Government of Spain for the surrender of eastern Cuba. The schedule just submitted shows there to be a little over 22,000 men and offi- cers about 6,000 more men than I have had myself, and I am glad to say that we have got all these men with very little loss of life, compared with what it would have been had we fought them. "The city of Santiago is simply a net work of fortifications at every street corner I had no proper conception of its strength until I went into it although I knew these old stone towns were naturally very strontj. Everything is going admirably, so far as the transfer is concerned and the Spanish troops are behaving well, as they are perfectly delighted at the fhonfrht nf crettinp" home. 248 THE FALL OF SANTIAGO. wlHch .I,ey were put and „,e kai^°tZ^'''' "=■ " ^''ows the ,,.rai„ „ case exactly; I did have !,;,„ ,„ su funded T',"-"""' *™- »= ^"ated the set away; a„d I could wait and he c'u I't " "'" """"^^'^ f- W- t ". the inSra 'ZnlZ^'T '" ''"'^^ --«■■"« over . o* „ ;;;' 3end <°Guant:lttre:th'e'";rr;\"'' '" ^ °^- "a^? They should be shipped fron,Gua„r„a'/,f°° ,'''■■■' """^ ^""endered there » o w,ll come ,„to the port there for .,hip„e"? , ^T""' °" "" """heast, way Of munition's :?;aTl XXLtVf"^ ->' ''-'of getting i„ .he Have .ot a few heautifu, modern >^SX:l^ J^ :Z:::f' -PP"- ■■Mvo„, r ?'*" *° ^^""^e Our Soldiers. 'a. we can go up i„ .h'e ..ountatas wtth m.T""^ '^^ P™""- awly To at the end of the railroad at San LuTs wh I. "'"" <"■ '««y "^ e ° «. at any ,a.e, about ,,500 feet above *! 'a 'I'l^ '° "= "">- h"l.hy I^ ».th Santiago. *= ='". and has communication by rail So far there is no fevpr in c *• Consul te is me there was very h't.le last year " "'"■ '"" «"= ^iglish Of those here who servpr^ tu / .ever had anything that could comp^'wi^r.^^ ?'1 ^"- '" ^-'a« '-ey »et of clothes, officers have been until nj i '""*'">•''• With only oZ "g three days' rations, like the "1 T"'' °" '«riy every day carrv P"vation,hat any man can; added oX' """"■"' ^"«^""S -^ We man ""known land and verWimtr' P"™''"-' =» «- hofrors of ""■"led. '^ '"""''' a^^mmodations should they be ' ca„',I«„r intr Z:t':::f'' "-^ -"-^ -^ - s,mp,y grand n.c. final surrender of Generll I " "an'd^h " ''^ ^-" ""ade ttaf Is" enerals was highly dramatic as wJlas he > f ""'■' '° ">'^^'f and my ; i ilti ! 250 THE FALL OF SANTIAGO. possible to mak. our lives as secure and our situation as comfortable as is ^^^^olrafs^JteT-f^port of the campaign briefly recount^ of the expedition and its embarkation and then devotes the mam body of the ttt to' r active operations about Santiago. General Shafter says the Expedition was undertaken in compliance with telegrap uc mstruct.ons of May ,o from headquarters of the army, in which it was stated: ^ ° Admiral Schley reports that two cruisers and two torpedo boats have been seen in the harbor of Santiago. Go with your force to capture garnson at Santiago and assist in capturing harbor and fleet. The Start ft-om Tampa. The report gives in detail the troops assembled at Tampa. The cavalry was Ismountfd because of lack of transportation for the an.mals and because Has b lieved mounted cavalry.ould -t operate efficient y near S^^^^^^^^^^ Thi. General Sh^^y. was --^^:^::^J:^:::^Z r :^n Tr^X^^ o^s to sa^l without delay, but not with less ^^-ISrir of the transports - -^-^1.; wJX^t rSi:Tr:^:^t::ri£:dti^r^ order. T.is ... was; as^oned by the navy reporting that a Spanish war vessel had been ""° Geral Shafter briefly covers .he trip and landing, and his first meeting "''^^Sg';re1ntef^w'Ge„era, Garcia offered the services of his troop. V. . ,r^ men in the vicinitv of Aseraderos, and about 500 compnsmg abont 4^ n -, n he y ^ ^^^ _^._^^ ^^^ ^^ ^._ "fr!' I accepted i^' off r, impressing it npon hin, that I conld exercise n. quiri. 1 accepiea u ,1 ^nceJe, and as long as military control over hun except such as ne -w a . ^^ r. served under me I «-ould furnish him rations and an-.n,umt,on. After con erring with Admiral Sampson and General Garca the plan ( camp^fgn was „utli,fed by General Shafter. The disembarkation was to com- mTe'L the «d at Daiquiri, with feints by the^nans on Ca^anaS; and b, the navy at various shore points, m order to mislead the enemy '^'"°. Til:"' movements," General Shafter says, " committed me .0 approad,- THE FALL OF SANTIAGO. 251 .nal<,„g „«ack from h tquart Thr'iJ ^"f '"""^ ^"^ ^""^' -" became engaged with a Spanish force mlrenched n » "f '"""■ '''"'■' 904 officers and men. '-avalry, m all, with :^:sr r ^ o:^^:^ :t r:::* r ^^^^ ^r ^^-^ ^^^ «^^^ six officers and forty-six men wounXH t\ '""^ ^^''"" "^^■" ^'^'^d ; were nine killed an^d t:e::;-s:vr:tnl^;;ri^^^^^^^^^^ sp.nng effect upon our men and doubtless corresnon^dr 1 ^ '" '"■ enemy as it was now plainly demonstrateTto tTert^t^^^^^ meet who would advance upon them under ^1;. ^ .^^ "^ ^ ^°^ *° trenchments. General Wheeler divTsiont T^ ^'''^""'^ ^''^"^ '"" engagement and reports tha o^/ T/o^nr' '7"^ ^"""^ '"""^ *^^ greatest gallantry. This engLement Z; ' m "''" ^°"S^' ^'^^^ ^^^ to the front, on which to enfamroTr tfolp^^^^^ ^ "^'^'^^^^^^ --try farther General Sbaffcer's Plan of Attack ce,3 of .hose required forT^i!; ^^^"pHo::^ '"'' '''' '"''"'- '" ^ On June 30 I reconnoitered the countrv phn„f c 4.- plan of attack. From a high hill from Th I th. "f ^ ^'^° '"^ '"'^^ "^^ could see the San Juan hillLd th^rnt;' toj'l; ^7^ The''^'"";"" ' ^'ery poor and, indeed, h'ttle better than hLu lu ■?^' ^ '''''^^ ^''"^ and El Caney were reached." ^'^^^^ ""'^ '^^ ^^^" J"^" R'ver fol.ow;r' ''^'" ^"^'^'"^^ '' ' -^^^'-"^ °^ ^-erals his plan of battle, a. " Lawton's division, assisted by Caoron's liafu- h.n- move o„, during ,he afternoon to Jard Erii^^f L .! "' "''f ''''' '" (he next mornine. After .,,„,,,„ p.V -„ t ? ^^ *' '*""'= '''"'•' Cane, road toward Santiago,- and t^.j^oTi'tio'^r "hH;^. 71.^,*: fi THE FALL OF SANTIAGO. Wheeler's division of disiuounted cavalry and Kent's division of "nfantvy were directed on the Santi:igo road, the head of the column resting near El Pozo, toward which heights Grimes' Battery moved or; the afternoon of the 30th' with orders to take i 1 sition thcr early tht next morning and at the proper time prepare the way for the a.ivance of Whet It- and Kent 0,1 San Juan hill. The attack at this point w-^s to be de!.,yed until Lawton's g.ms were heard at El Caney and his infanuy fie sl-owed that he had be- come well cnjjaged. ,,.,..., ^ Forced the Bight. "The n.-epirinuns wex. far from what I desired them to be, but we were m a sick;-/ ci^nuite; our supplies had to be brought forward by a nar- row wagon voiul vhich the rains might at any time render impassable; fear was cntedaineu that a storm might drive the vessel ; containing our stores to sea, thus separating us from our base of supplier and lastly, it was re- ported that General Pando, with 80CX) reinforcements for the enemy, was en routr: from ManzaniUo and might be expected in a few days. Under these conditions I determined to give battle without delay. "Early on the morning of July l, Lawton was in a position around El Caney. Chaffee's brigade on the right, across the Guantanamo road; Colonel Evan Miles' brigade in the centre and Ludlow's on the left. The duty of cutting off the enemy's retreat along the Santiago road was assigned to the latter brigade. The artillery opened on the town at 6.15 a.m. The battle here soon became general and was hotly contested. The enemy's position was naturally strong and was rendered more so by blockhouses, a stone fort and intrenchments cut in solid rock and the loopholing of a solidly-bu.lt stone church. , , . " The opposition offered by the enemy was greater than had been antici- pated and prevented Lawton from joining the right of the main line during the day as had been intended. After the battle had continued for some time Bates' brigade of two regiments reached my headquarters from Siboney. I directed him to move near El Caney to give assistance, if necessary. He did so and was in position between Miles and Chaffee. The battle continued with varying intensity during most of the day and ' ried by assault about 4.30 p.m. As the Spaniards en* the Santiago road, I. dlow's position enabled lim and to practically - off all the retreat in that •: " After the battle El Caney was well opened, -d the sound of the small arm fire caused us to believe that Lawton was driving the enemy before him. I directed Grimes' battery to open fire from the D. i^his of El Pozo on the San Juan block house, which could be seen situatee! n the enemy's mtrench- 1 the place was car- ed to retreat along do very effective work A. THE FALL OF SANTIAGO. 253 ments extending along the crest of San luan hill Th ■ a the enemy could be seen running away from h. ' """" effective, and The artillery fire from Kl Po.o ^arso'o^rl td^b^r^ ^'^ ''°^^^^^^^ They evidently had the range of this hiuT\ lu -1 ^"'^"ly « artillerj-. wounded several men As the Z ^ ' *^'"' ^'"'^ ^^^Ils killed and difficult to locate th" pt t on of t^ ""' ""'^^'^^^ P°^^-' '"' -- ve y -^caused by 0.^.^^ ^^a^^ S:;, ^ ^^^ and deploy or the left. '''"''°" ^^^ *° ^^^'^^ closely in its rear was -'"trTtornrr^^^ -"^^ -^-- ^- the road formation at all points, while the n'd r" ro w I ll eT" ''/ ^°''"^" °^ ^-- to preclude the possibility of deoW n T u"" ""^^ ^"^ ^° ''^nse as that the progress made wL lot'anTfhe l'" "" '^ "^^"^^'^>' ^^-'^^^ infantry killed and wounded a nnmV r '°"^-''^"Se rifles of the enemy's General Ken., with .his JZI'TZSZ tT'r v '"'"'' '^' ™™^- of the cavalry column a. far as Vhl ? '' ""^ *"" "'""'" alongside riedhi.,arrivala.,heSa" Juan, d ,h=7""?" '^t™'"'"' ^"^ "- h- few hundred yards before rSnt * c T""""" '"^J'""'' «"" ^^'''eani. A discovereo b^ Lieu.^ . Cotel Defbv" o^" "V?' f"*'' ^'''" '"« '- well .0 the from in a war balloon Th^^tw ^ ""^ "''° ''»'' ^PP'oachcd to utilize the road to the left. "8'"-'«"'l "-oad while Kent was enabled Wheeler at the Front. who had r:: 7,ut::; z^^x r™™'" •" *= =^™"^ "--"• dutyandrenderedmostgallan and X . "'"^' '"'^ '='" «""•"<=<' '" the day. ^"""' *"'^ '^'«"<^°' service during .he remainder of ofco:t«- r;i:"i::;iTft:heneri7"" *= n-.^.,wi.haview resting near the Santiago road "P' ""'' '"'■"' *<"> 'eft '■ In the meantime, Kenfs division, with the exception of two regiments 254 THE FALL OF SANTIAGO. tf5tlf of Hawkins' brigade, being thus uncovered, moved rapidly to the front from the forks in the road previously mentioned, utilizing both trails, but more especially the one to the left, and crossing the creek, formed for attack in front of San Juan hill. During this formation, the Second Brigade suffered severely. While personally superintending this movement, its gallant com- mander, Colonel Wikoff, was killed. The command of the brigade then devolved upon Lieutenant-Colonel Worth, Thirteenth Infantry, who was soon severely wounded, and next upon Lieutenant-Colonel Liscum, Twenty-fourth Infantry, who five minutes later also fell under the terrible fire of the enem\', and the command of the brigade then devolved upon Lieutenant-Colonel Ewers, Ninth Infantry. " While the formation thus described was taking place, General Kent took measures to hurry forward his rear brigade. The Tenth and Second Infantry were ordered to follow Wikoff's brigade, while the Twenty-first was sent on the right-hand road to support the First brigade, under Gencnil Hawkins, who had crossed the stream and formed on the right of the division. The Second and Tenth Infantry, Colonel E. P. Pearson commanding, moved forward in good order on the left of the division, passed over a green knoll, and drove the enemy back toward his trenches. A Gallant Charge. "After completing their formation under a destructive fire, and advancing a short distance, both divisions found in their front a wide brttom, in which had been placed a barbed wire entanglement, and beyond which there was a high hill, along the crest of which the enemy was strongly posted. Nothing daunted, these gallant men pushed on to drive the enemy from his chosen position, both divisions losing heavily. In this assault Colonel Hamilton, Lieutenants Smith and Ship were killed, and Colonel Carroll, Lieutenants Thayer and Myer, all in the cavalry, were wounded. " Great credit is due to Brigadier-General H. S. Hawkins, who, placing himself between his regiments, urged them on by voice and bugle calls to the attack so brilliantly executed. " In this fierce encounter words fail to do justice to the gallant regimental commanders and their heroic men, for, while the generals indicated the forma- tions and the points of attack, it was, after all, the intrepid bravery of the subordinate officers and men that planted our colors on the crest of San Juan hill and drove the enemy from his trenches and block-houses, thus gaining a position which sealed the fate of Santiago. " In this action on this part of the field most efficient service was rendered by Lieutenant John II. Parker, Thirteenth Infantry, and the Gatling gun dc- tachmen nightfall much bl( "I , returned aggressiv in formatii most usef "My heat of th the battle general vi left of our Gener intrenching " Gene as ordered, in that vici Siboney, to chusetts, bo meats reach "All da our troops a gained a stro enemy made , at all points. "On the seemed to ha^ the firing alon within the Spj General S era! Toral. H " I was of time, and I the could be made Acting upon th Spanish oflficer.' -ere willing to THE FALL OF SANTIAGO tachment under his comm a ^ 265 "All ^. . Furious Battle. All day on the 2d the bafM,. our troops as were in ZX ""^""'^ '''^^ "'ore or less fur. u »-'" the morning of the sr? fi u i was of' t ' • vjtii- ,.,(.,, ,. .,,. "^-^ ^^ ^' Caney who were shl f r " ^'' ^^'e wounded ^eagarast the forces of the United ?«»■> ?^:^ 'Hfe'; 25G TH1 :* \LL OF SANTIAGO. ||rl' States until regularly exchanged. This offer was made and accepted. These officers, as well as several of the wound.d Spanish jirivates, twenty-seven in all, were sent ^ their lines under the escort of some of our mounted cavalry. Our troops were received with honors, and I have every reason to believe the return of the Spanish prisoners pro . -^ ^ t^o.J impre-ssion on their comrades " The cessation of firing about noon on the 3d practically terminated i\-^ battle of Santiago; all that occurred alter this time may properly be treatet under the head of the siege which followed. After deducting the detachments retained at Siboney and Baiquiri to render those depots secure from attack, orfxanizutions held to protect our flanks, other acting as escorts and guards to light batteries, the members of the hospital corps, guards left m charge of bl nket rolls which the intense heat caused the men to cast aside before entering battle, orderlies, etc., it is doubtful if we had more than 12,000 nun oil the firing line on July 1st, when the battle was fiercest and when the im- portant and strong positions of Kl C"nney and San Juan wen; captured. " A few Cubans assisted in the attack at El Caney, and fricrht valiantly, but their numbers were too small to materially ch„nge the strength as indi- cated above. The enemy confronted us with numbers about equal to our own; they fought obstinately in strong and intrenched positions, .ml the results obtained clearly indicate the intrepid gallantry of the company, officers and men, and the benefits derived from the careful training and instruction given in the company in rece'^t years in rifle practice and other battle exercises. Our Loss*" i at Santiago. " Our losses in Mese battles were 32 officers and 208 men killed and 81 officers and 1203 men wounded ; missing, 79. The missing, with few excep- tions, reportc ' later." General Shafter sdvs the arrival ■ '" General Escario at Santiago was not anticipated. He says : '" General Garcia, witii between U ur and five thousand Cubans, was intrusted with the duty A watching for and intercepting the reinforcements expected. Thi ^wer r, he failed to do, and Escario passed into the city on my xtreme ri n the bay." Alter speaking of Admiral rvei.. sortie and the .iestructon of his fleet, General Shafter says he again called on the Spanish ^ nmanders to surrcn- der. He continues : " On the same date 1 informed Admiral Sampson that if he would force his way into the harbor the city would surrender without any further sacrifice of life. Commodore Watson replied that Admiral Sampson was temporarily absent, but th.nt in his (Watson's) opinion the navy should not enter the harbor " The strength of tl e enemy's position was such I did not wish to assault TH£ MLL OF SANTIAGO. it it could be avoided A n ^^ ^^^ ."«,s could only ,,ave b,...,, carri d t^:^ 'rrT,"''"'"""- T"" cn.rench- General Shafter nives Ihe „,,„,„ I ^ S"'"' '"« "' 'ifc-" r .Id :r"'"« "■' -~T T *;*;r:r'".r''""^' - --""• increasing very rap'idly, a,s a"!: ,71"r^' "'^^ »-!<-- i" ,he army wa, '>ea.of the ,,un and the hca^ •" „ "'S!'"™ "' ""> '--•>- 'o .he ,1" J equal ,o rains. The weal.„..3 of L ,r„ZT 'k "'"' '" '^""^ "' "I"'"' ■.n><|ous .o bnng ,he sicg. ,„ an end , ■ co" '"^ ^° "PP""' ' -« «r he army I did not think an assinl, ,!, T ?" """" """^ °f "'e officer, >nen,y seemed ,o be acting in goo I aW?,, '""''"■''^'=' "P--"y as the surrender. « «"'"' f-'h ■" the preli„„nary proposiLns to Co..il;.tLlt7t!rj;:n!rafa;:rTr-''"' ^»-«-ra, Miles requested hitn to r^rant us a n,^' ^^'' J""** ^''■'ved in niv cimnln!.' ;ep,,ed that he woLl^^r.rn rr'-Th" '"^ ^°"»'"^ ^^ H •he .3th, and , i„fo,„,, ,,.^ "urre der o^lv ,.:"k ■™™ '"^ P'>« <>" - 1- was wuhou, hope of escape he had no r Lt","! '\'™»«"«l ""d .ha. no right to continue to fight." Obstacles Encountered - -farj ;f fairofihT r r4 -fr -r- '--^ -- •» M .o-if :ntr/.rnrf-- fir '----- • The rocky and pre.pitous coa.st a Jd ; ^j i'^ --"' '"^ ^'^ ^^--^'ed. roads were mere bridle paths, the effect of 7 "^ '^" '^^^'g-pJaces. the unacchn^ated troops was dead y. and the dre H /"'"''' "" ^"^ '■-'"^ "Pon eases had its effect on the army "^'"'^ °^ ^*^^"g« «nd unknown Sis- wooden whaTwhich'thrstamardlYried rs'"' f ^^^ "'^^^ ^^ a small an-rnals were pushed into the water aTd '? ,::''"' -successfully, and th yards m extent. At Siboney the land.nl ° ^ ''"^>' '^^^^h about 200 ;^arrerected by the enginee'rs Ta ^^Th t^" ''' ''''' ^^ ^ ^-^ to construct permanent vharves. ' *^' '""" "^' the men to spare In spite of the fact tha^ t t, j oa .he road, they were at .,^Js t'pasTat'^r "" """"""-'^ »' -* A.sjuadore.s Riv^r- M ' '"H-issaDle for wagons. TN« c_„ t r., ~^.„jj3 gjj. suddpni,r -.-o^ — ^^" Juan and -r---«^-pa-.airritr;:— =rj:^^^^^^ 268 THE FALL OF SANTIAGO. upon for the victualing ..f the army, as well as tlic 20,ooc rcfug'-'cs. \vh0 eouW not, in the interest of humanity, be left to starve while wr had rations. '• Often for days nothing could be moved except on pack trains. After the great physical strain and exposure of July 1st and 2d, the malarial and other fevers began to rapidly advance throughout the command, and on July 4th the y. ;iow fever appeared at Siboney. Though efforts were made to keep this fact from the army it soon became known. " The supply of quartermaster and commissary stores during the cam- paign was abundant, and, notwithstanding the difficulties in landing and tran' - porting the rations, the troops on the firing line were at all times supplied with bread, meat, sugar and coflco. There was no lac-k of transportation, for at no time up to th<' surrender could all the wagons I had be used. " In reference to the sick and wounded, I have to say that they received every attention that it was possible to give them. The medical officers, with- out exception, worked night and diy to alleviate the suffering, which was no greater than invariably accompanies a campaign. It would have been better if we had more ambulances, but as many were taken as were thought neces- sary, judging from previous campaigns. " The discipline of the command was superb, and I wish to invite atten- tion to the fact that not an officer was brought to trial by court-martial, and, as far as I know, no enlisted men. Linares Foresaw Santiago's Doom. Upon the destruction of Cervera's fleet, General Linares saw the hope- lessness of further resistance. On July l2th, he addressed a pathetic appeal to the Spanish War Minister, .strongly picturing the desperate condition of his troops and offering to assume the responsibility of surrendering to pre- vent more bloodshed. The letter, which was referred to by General Shafter in the foregoing, was sent by way of Havana, under date of July 12th, and probably had the endorsement of Captain General Blanco. It was as follows : " To the Minister of War: — "Although prostrated in bed by excessive weakness and sharp pains, I am preoccupied to such an extent by the ter le condition of these long-suf- fering troops that I consider it my duty to address your Excellency, the Minister of War, in order to expose the true condition of affairs. " The enemy's position is very strong, and his outposts are very close to THE FALL OF SANTIAGO. the limits of this city. The nnf .r " "^'^'^- Jfi^ or protection po,,ible for the unfortunl ',!!"'°"' "'"' '■" '-"hly .he , " and cannot even change or dry th:" C^hes "' "'■° ^=' -«""£ ^u. ri^: Oould Not Breat Ti,— ^ _ "The great lo,se, am * °" ""««• d/sappeared-depr/ve our men ""I "^"'•'-either dead, wounded ,ict „ cntica, mon,e„t.. ""=" °' '"^ "«-a^ direction and co„l:fd Z Under such conditions it would h. ■ ftrough the enemy's rants, a,, onTthfrd V"'"""*'' "" «"=">?' to break and would have to be left behind wMe°, °"'' """ "' '°° ''"''le to « t and routed by the superior force, o7,l '"' "' "' '""">'> b' decin^cd .™p. would be a wholesale slauX/n J"nT ,!,'" '""" "' ^-h "l',^ In order to attempt a snrti. / . '"°"''' *saster. 'ion, it is in the first nTace n,. ""''" "" P"'^"'"" of the H„l„ ■ .■ ■ -n,y.s ranks and rei^cVo": belfwf "^i"'"^ '° b-\"h r„;r;h'e" The enemy appreciates our posit n„ r ,^^ '^'"^^ ^"^ fruitless umvented and walled in a. securely! tw''^^^^ '"'' ^''^ "^'^ ^'"-0 out our forces without exnosir^ V ^ ^'^' ^^ '« ^ble to drain JZ "s with vertifical fir. .^'.^"''^ ^'^ own, as he did vesterHo "^ "^'P^ ~ oir ",?"''"" P''^"^'se of relief which fh«" .7/ ''■■'^ ^"'^ encour- Here sohtude aione reigns. Thet;!; '^^^tC ""n^^ ''"'^ i'wpuiauon, native as well as lis,-., : 260 THE FALL OF SANTIAGO. Spanish, has left the city. Not only have private individuals abandoned it, but public officials and government employees as well. The clergy alone re- main within our walls, and they, too, are preparing to flee to-morrow, witli their pre'ate at their head. " Our troops are not starting to-day, fresh and vigorous, full of energy and enthusiasm, on a campaign. They are men who have struggled thrtr long years against climatic perils, fatigue, hardships, disease and hunger, and who to-day, when called to face these trying and critical conditions, ai, wasted away in body and soul, with no earthly means or possibility of relief. Further Sacrifices Needless. " The honors of arms and of war have limits, and I appeal to the judg- ment of the government and of the whole nation as to whether these troops have not given repeated illustrations of courage, valor and devotion, and whether they are to be further sacrificed for a lost cause. " If for reasons of which I am ignorant their sacrifices demand it, or if some person is required, who will assume responsibility for the inglorious end already predicted in my former dispatches, I offer myself loyally on the altar of my country, to assume command and responsibility in either case, and I will, if necessary, be alone answerable for the surrender of this pl;>ce, as my modest reputation is of small value, compared with the national wel- -. " Linares." fare. An unpleasant incident, following the surrender of Santiago, was the withdrawal of General Garcia and his troops, on the allegation that they were ignored officially during the ceremonies. As a consequence Garcia was relieved of his command by the Cuban Provisional Government. General Garcia's report as to the movements of his troops was as follows : " On the 6th of June the steamer Gloucester brought a communication from General Miles, Commander-in-chief of the American army, in which he informed me of the project to attack by land and sea the city of Santiago de Cuba, and that it was necessary that the greater part of the Cuban forces should advance on that city to co-operate with him. Immediately I gave orders that the forces that had been armed should move forward toward San- tiago, a very difficult operation, the infantry being almost worn out, and on account of the scarcity of food for so many people. " Surmounting these difficulties the forces arrived at Palma Soriano, and on the 1 8th I marched to Asseradores, where I arrived on the 19th at 7.30 A.M., having been summoned there to confer with the Admiral of the Ameri- can navy, Sampson, to decide on the best plan of attacking Santiago de Cuba. This conference took place on board the flagship New York. I must now ieclare ing the receivec instruct! operatio "Or /"ander c Asserado my order Shafter, c landed to "Afu the plan ] ship. The toward the venting the at 8 P.M. a commandec American t protect the the east. " These their comma of Ramon, flurry, aband hegan to bon "TheAi f^n Firmeza ai ^^'"'S the firs troops was coi ■^clvaiicing on Quasina, sufiTei "in my C( ('ecided that I Satiti.-igo. Wi: and on the 251! in th(.- evening. " i H'as on tm THE FALL OF SANTIAGO. ieclare that my object in r^ ■ 26J opcra.,o„. ,„ fte ,e„fe^ „„,„ 4'^^-™- arn.y „„ .^.j, ^^^/^-^ ••On the "'"^"^"^ With Shatter. Mnder of the bla'de'„? p"'"" '"■" °'<^'°^''. 'he General of R ■ . ,, ,^'*r,^ '°"ff'=°"fe™ce, and after, i^ """"8° "^^ Cuba. P™tect the landing of theAm ""'"''"'""'f "--^ brigaae of R '" ,^ "■" ^'""■^^" -•^. -<' =dva„r„rLX"';° X-V co™:„trCoTot' C Tr' ^"-"-^ - once upon B ■ ■ • »f Ran,an, under fiSie^rr ^T'"' '"" "■* 5~ ^^ of r":' """ liurry. abandoned k .^.^" <5™wal Castillo. The q, " '"''Sade ^/nto C,ard ^r'"'."'''''' ^-tiMo occupied as SeT' '" ' ''"" ^ ,:The A^ericat";: 7,,';--P"*C -'"on a: ot fl^ rhoi:;!^ -ops w:s c:t;nVed::i::-,:?he?g^- Z" '"^^^^ i^^utz '"-^ *»cineo„ Santiago sttltd a :':"" ""'" ^"°">-' Ca'lo «: X Q-«na. suffering some losses. ZtiZTJ"'""'''" "'* "^ ™™'y ■" La Jn my conference with Admiral q^ ^"'"" "P"" *« Spaniards '"'' "Ml'.e .^h T *'"' ' '^"' <■<=■• 'he "or Jsa, A " '"f '""'' '''' "< i was on board of the Alamo with my staff , ■"y staff and some officers, invited 262 THE FALL OF SANTIAGO. by General Ludlow, who had superintended the embarkation. Brigadier General Sanchez, with a force of 800 men, who embarked first in the steamer Leona, landed at 5 o'clock p.m. in Siboney. There were already camped the Cuban forces which had arrived before, as well as many thousands of the American army." , ^^ . «^ A Spanish Oflacer's Story. One of the few surviving Spanish officers at the battle of Caney, foughl on July I, who was an aid on General Vara del Rey's staff, and was present at the death of that officer, gives the following narrative, which is told in ti.e officer's own words, furnishing the Spanish view of one of the hardest fought battles of the war : " Brigadier-General Joaquin Vara del Rey, in command of the brigade of San Luis, composed of three companies of the Twenty-ninth regulars, num- bering 467 men and 47 guerrillas," said the officer, " was ordered by General Linares to proceed from San Luis to Santiago, there to reinforce the garrison in the city. " We left San Luis on June 23, marched to El Poso, and thence to San- tiago, where we stayed forty-eight hours, when we were ordered out to Caney to strengthen the left flank of the Spanish lines. We arrived there on the 28th, in the evening, after an uneventful march. " The 5 14 men of General Vara del Rey's command were the only troops at Caney, and were never reinforced. The 467 regulars were armed with Mausers, and the 47 guerrillas with Remington rifles. " On the afternoon of the 30th, we noticed a balloon ascending in the air about a quarter of an hour. After its descent, we saw the enemy pick up their tents and move their camp, but as the night was falling we were unable to locate their new position, although we guessed at it pretty correctly. " We hurriedly dug trenches about three feet deep, in which the men fired kneeling. We worked in the trenches and breastworks all through the night, assigned the men to their posts, and placed thirty regulars in the fort or block house known as El Paraiso, fearing a surprise from the enemy. Our fears proved only too well grounded, for at daybreak the next morning, July I, the first shell from the enemy's guns fell in the town. " The Americans simultaneously opened with four rapid-fire guns, and kept up a volcanic fire until three o'clock in the afternoon. We h:id no artillery with which to reply, and soon realized that we had the fight of our lives on our hands. All the ammunition we had were twelve mule loads of eight cases each, a total of 66,000 rounds. " The enemy's U.e was incessant, and we answered with equal rapidity. T u,.._ -— -..-.. ~n..fV>ir>rr *-j\ j»niia1 th*" muraof and dash of those AlBCri- i UaVc acvci octti ai:;-'.i>i:'5 ••- --i "»- c- — - THE FALL OF SANTIAGO. g""s- ' ^'^"'^'^•^' «" the very muzzles of our fe I back an inch. As c,. „«„ fe|| 1^"T '" "«■)' "<--«r retreated or take h,s place with gnm de.er„,i„a ,'„ ' , .j''""!'' !"'^ "-«• another would every line of his face. ^ mininchmg devotion to duty in n.e;i:r:;itri*L^.zr:H,?wr","=' *-^- "™-- -■.... -;.=» avoided had -. o./k^t ^llt ^^ L^tr^r ;apid;y'?:d^te tr;r°:at;%/zf'-,:-.' - ^^^ ..n, „.„ the face. General Vara del Rey was ,S ','""""''" "■•'""K "» i" c. urch when word was brought t'ir,l:"t'l'" '"= ,T"- W-i'« «- /„„/»./• « "'■I" "> '«r<=at, co'ing ,o his „e„, 'S./^,.,. ^,„„, One :f"Ss:Ue:tra:. t;u'*D'''"= "'^ ^="' ^"^ «>™"^'. »->> Hs fell, exclaiming, ■ General, IhaTlaughteH "'''";'; "',"'"' '° '"■-■ °™"'" =' '- I..S skull, killing him on the spot. ^ "^ '""'''' '°°'' »-= t»P clean off " In ,h '^"^ °'^"' °' **'°*"'«' ^™ l"-' Bey. p.;ce th"et:r r; 'arc^--- vr r ^f °*- '°- - - wh'^^mg past „s and falling like lni all "";" °, ""'"y- »""=" ""re aga.ns.us. As they placed^'hin, „ i ■■ J"'"''^ " T""" '"'at fate was shot through .he head and killed. All fo ^ ;r ^"'' ''''' *=>' ™ L.cutenan. An.on',, Vara del Rey a br„ h" . f""' ^"^ ''">'- a"d wounded and .a ..., pnsoner. Ea h;. inX d "" ' '° "" ^'""'''- ™^ oth on .he Gonerai's stafl; had I so I „ klf "^ If ""^ ""^ '^^S-. officers were sh«, ,,„d we had 230 „,en killM f '"'' '*"'^- '=" »"« "At Genera; vara del R. ■ , , K'"ctl and wounded. and toward -.he woodTat u^ 14' I!' ' ?'' "'°',''^^'"' "'"""•^ -^-vn ,.,e hil- . "Toward evening small band, ff'sL'T '"^''' '^ "^"^ ■''="• ''-- arnv. in Santiago, and at :,.dfpa,, ^ | r^?f;?;,"°™-°^ '"''"'"» b^^an .0 nel Punetcame in with ,03 n,en wW ■ , 1/'"" "'«^' Li.u.cnant Colo- ."to .he city in some sort of o to ' '""" '"''' '" ""y ""<< hrm, i' i| f i» : 264 THE FALL OF SANTIAGO. " None of the blockhouses in the surrounding country was engaged that day, but in the early morning a shell from the American lines fell in the San Miguel blockhouse, setting it on fire and killing seven men. We estimated the enemy's forces engaged at Caney on July i at three thousand men and their artillery at four rapid-fire guns. " It was the hardest fighting I have ever seen or ever care to see. The brilliancy and daring of the American attack was only equalled by the cool- ness and stubbornness of the Spanish defence. " The report that the body of General Vara del Rey had never been re- covered is untrue. It was buried by the American troops, and his grave was marked by a wooden cross. A decoration found on his breast was unpinned, and later handed to General Toral by General Shafter." Spanish Soldiers' Gratitude. The generous treatment of the Spanish soldiers by the victors before Santiago resulted in the production of a document entirely unique in the annals of warfare. It was in the form of a farewell address issued to the American soldiers by Pedro Lopez Castillo, a private Spanish soldier, in behalf of the 11,000 men who had surrendered. No victorious army since history was written has ever received such a document from the foe. The following is the full text of the address as cabled by General Shafter "Santiago, August 22, 1898. — H. C. Corbin, Adjutant General United States Army, Washington : The following letter has just been received from the soldiers now embarking for Spain : " Major General Shafter, commanding the American army in Cuba : Sir — The Spanish soldiers who capitulated in this place on the i6th of July last, recognizing your high and just position, pray that through you all the cour- ageous and noble soldiers under your command may receive our good wishes and farewell, which we have no doubt you will grant, you will gain the ever- lasting gratitude and consideration of I l,ooo Spanish soldiers, who are your most humble servants. " Pedro Lopez de Castillo, ^'Private of Infantry!' Also the following letter addressed to the soldiers of the American army : " Soldiers of the American army: We would not be fulfilling our duty as well born men in whose breasts there live gratitude and courtesy, should we embark for our beloved Spain without sending to you our most cordial and sincere good wishes and farewell. " We fought you with ardor, with all our strength, endeavoring to gain the victory, but without the slifhtest rancor or hate toward the American THE FALL OF SANTIAGO. nation We have been vanquished by you (so our 17' , ^^^ - s.gn,„g the capitulation), but our surrender and fhTM .'1 '^'^'' J"^^^^ r^:^^~"---..ese^-r-3^^^ ror ^^^^^l^rj^^^^^^-^'l^^ -e ca„ . duty as we. men. face to face, and with gLTcou ° " asTf ' ''''"' ^^" ^°"^ht us as had not met during the three ye"s we w ^^'f '"' ' ^"^'''^^^ "^'^h we people without morals, without cocirnce and r^KT/''' "^^ ^^^-^ « not cor front the enemy, but hidden IJot tit m ^''^"^ °"^'"' ^^° ^°"'d and then immediately fled. This w"; tSe J 7 T''^' ^''*''"^ ^'■°'" ^'"bush in this unfortunate land. ^" ^'"^ ^^ ^^•"^^'-^ we had to sustain O^^ Troops Praised by the Enemy. Vou have complied exactly with all fh^ i recognized by the armies of the mot ct jifeH .' '"' "'^^^^ «^ -«•• ^ given honorable burial to the dead of tt T °' ^^^ ^°^^d' ^^ve wounds with great humanity; havfrespected " h'""'!,' ' '^^'^ ^"^^^ ^h--- and their comfort, and lastly to rwS' f" ^^^ '^''' P^'^°"-^« given freely of food, of you^; s^k o^ZlZ T''' ^^^"^'^' '«" have w..h distinguished courtesy, for after the fihT '"^ ^"" ^^^^ ^""^^'^d us with the utmost harmony. '^' ^^^''"^ ^^"^ ^^o armies mingled " With this hierh sentfmpnf «r . . but to express ourU^.Td lThr;ert:st':L" '''- --•- happmess and health in this land which wTn ^'^^ ''" ^'^^ ^^^ «» Spain, but will be yours, who h^re o„qu l/itTf '^'"^ *° °"^ ^^^'• ^v'th your blood, as your conscience clu^Tf .^ "'"^ ^"^ "^^'^'^^ >t i-tion and humanity, but the descend nts t'th^ C ''' '^'"^"^ °^ ^-■- mingled with the blood of unscrupulous Snli ?"^° ^"^ °^ ^"'"^^. turers. these people are not able to exe dse"^. 'u'-"' ^''"■*°" ^"^ ^^-^n- find it a burden to comply witl^helaws ". if "'^'^ " '''''■*^' '^'^ ^^^^^ -■" From „,ooo Spanish soldiers ^T;^h.c^^ govern civilized communities. ^EDRo ixjPEz De Castillo, Upon the return of the repatriated .oM- J '^'''''^'"' "^ ^"■^''"^''J''' Paniment of disease, exhausti^ m LTr. anf ^V^ ^P""' "'^'^ ^^^'^ — ' ^"-ents of the highest esteem fo; Z2::i':ZT' '''' '''''''''' ^^ What was considered to be a fi„V ...„ ^ "Pinion, upon ,he subject w,, su JmI3""''''°" "^ ""='■"■ '•'"P'-«»io„, and in all .he Spanish newspapers uZlZm::;"'"' """' "^^ """'^'^^ ^-r., .i, the An,e„ca„ sp.the. appear to be over twenty.five ,ears of i m 266 THE FALL OF SANTIAGO. age, and are very robust in appearance. The regular army fights very well, and has an excellent fighting spirit. Among the battalions there is much rivalry, the men advancing with chests bare, striving which shall plant the colors furthest forward. " The soldiers are of three colors — black, brown, and white. In cam- paign the uniform of the generals, chiefs, and officers is the same as that of the troops, distinguished only by the stripes worn at the shoulders. Camp uniform is dark, with a flannel shirt similar to that of our sailors, and ;i tunic of impermeable cloth. For campaigning the costume is of impermeable cloth. " In the felt hat the majority of them carry to the left a toothbrush, and in the front a small shield, on which are embroidered crossed carbines ap'l the number of the battalion. Generally the soldier carries with him his [iro- visions and a flask full of vinegar, the latter rs a preservative against the ague. " The armament of the soldier is good. He carries a rifle similar to the Mauser, only charged with seven cartridges in place of five, of the same calibre, and in a case of white metal a sword bayonet like that of the Mauser, but shorter. " The battalions are very full, and the number of companies to each superior to ours. They said, in speaking to our (Spanish) officers, that they did not mind having heavy losses, as there was an over-abundance of popula- tion in their country. Bands of Music in Oamp. " Their regular alimentation consisted of coflee in the morning, two other meals and iced drinks — ice which they brought in large cars to the cam[)s — and a two-pound loaf of bread. In their camps they had their bands, which played until nine in the morning, and until nine at night. " The sentinels in the camps conducted themselves with the most extreme care and vigilance, not allowing themselves any distractions nor smoking; but when, on the other hand, they were on the march, they smoked and chatted, and sat while they placed their guns up against a wall. " The soldiers were not allowed to enter the same places as the office; s For example, in the boulevard of Santiago, where a battalion had been posted, sentinels were placed at the doors of the cafes, and the soldiers could only obtain refreshments by permission. To avoid scandals and scenes, the Ameri- can Generals had decreed that the drinking establishments should be closed, so that the soldiers should not drink alcohol. *' Among the volunteers, as is known, were some of the representatives THE FALL OF SANTIAGO. ^„ of the highest families in the United c;f=.f«o j were son.e medical voluntee's wLo ,t 't ..^T "''"''"'''"<"<■ The,, were « Santiago at the dispo" ,'ion "f Tf T^ "" ^"^ '^""' Society, ;on,e iadie, a'nd you„g'LtX„,; Z: /tf ,, ^'" ""' ^'^° ;j-;e,ve. .„.,e cares of „..„, ^,e i^Sld-tictrr^.trt"! and I'^^X'^i:^ r; rariti-Xo^"-"- ^ '^-^ Ca.hoiie. .he. :?o;t"d":uhri'::ttarx:'''^ '""■"^' ''°"''" --"- -" ' The sanitary train is excellent anH fr.,- fK * (Spaniards) from .„e hospitals ou s"]; the walls the a'""' "' "■"'"^'''' ambulance coaches, which are very wdl eL lUw '^™;"^="' B"-^ all their with automatic brake, and drivelby ^.te ma„ '"" ""■"*" '>>' ''" "■"I". whist;:ro:i^™-l--t'r ^^^^^^^ '3" r-T •^-- ^apidity With Which ird?;:'d2rd''r„c''hr'"'''^'' "^"^'^'"^ --- CHAPTER XVI. Graphic Accounts by Naval Officers of the P )mbardmen\ of San Juan, Porto Rico. E come now to narratives con'-crning Porto Rico. Early in the blockade, before Adinral Cervera's fleet was definitely located, it was rumored to be at various hai' ors in tlie Caribbean F among others at the strongly fortified harbor of San Juan on tlie island ol Porto Rico. . J *u To establish the truth of this report, Admiral Sampsor^ bombardetl the place, reaching the harbor at daybreak on May 1 2th. As soon as it was sufficiently light an attack was bf gun upon the batteries defen^'mg the city. and the bombardment was continyed three hours. One man vas killed on the New York, . -1 seven were wounded on the fleet. The fact was estab- lished that Iho Spanish vessels were not in the harbor, and th - American squadron witbdrew without damage. At Kt / VVt .,1, lying in the convent, which had been turned over to tlie government, were several battered heroes of the Iowa at San Juan. First was George Merkle, of New York, a private of marinrs, who was so badly wounded in the right arm that the doctors cut it off: Only two of the men there were able to tell their story. They were John Engle, of Baltimore, and John Mitchell, of New York, both able seamen. Mitchell was wounded by a fragment of shell that tore to his ribs on the right side, and Engle carried crutches because of a damaged right foot. "The bombardment of San Juan," said Engle, "was only amusement tor the men on the Iowa. We didn't lose a shell we dent toward the batteries, because, you sec, ever since the Maine was blown up we have had target practice nearly every day, and we had no excuse for wasting ammunition. " I remember that I heard one man who was at a gun with me say every time she was fired, ' I wonder how many Spaniards that hit ? ' " How did we feel under fire ? Why, just full of fun. The boys were singing, and down on the berth deck, where the batteries were being held in reserve,' they had i series of waltzes while we were at work in the turrets. and on the spar deck. There was singing and cheering, and some of us enjoyed good smokes while the firing was going on. " Suddenly a shell burst over our heads and there came a rain of metal. The doctor rushed up from the sick bay and asked the chaplain if anybody had been hurt. The chaplain said, ' Yes,' and they took three of us below. 208 men\ in the ated, it among land of kii the it was le cicy, lied on 3 estab- nerican r to the First > badly le men jre, and [ded by carried nent for atteries, i target ion. ly every ys were held in turrets, le of us »f metal, mybody 5 below. I I •^ J> -*■ > .\ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 bilM |2.5 S "i^ 12.2 I.I f^l^ IL25 1 1.4 iii& 1.6 Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 37 i\ iV v> ^^ -^X/^\ I o 4^ ^ ^ m, o < z < ^- < O < uJ z I O I- < a (0 ui Q O z < CO UJ z E < Uu O (9 Z z < J 288 270 BOMBARDMENT OF SAN JUAN. That stopped the gaycty for a while, and some of the boys crowded down to see how badly we were hurt. They went back to work in a minute, though, and as soon as they saw the damage cone by the next gun thf cheered harder than ever. " We didn't fire so many shots at the forts. The Spaniards wasted an awful lot on us. We just fooled them, The ships on which pieces of shells fell were not the ones they aimed at. We were sailing in column in a circle and firing when we got in line with our object. At first we went by at twenty-one hundred yards. The Spaniards tried to get that range, and I sup- pose they got it, but our next move was to go in at eighteen hundred yards, and the shells from the forts went over us. Of course, some of the ships going around the circle were at the twenty-one hundred yard distance while we were further in. That was how the New York and Iowa happened to be hit by bursting shells. The Spaniards aimed at the inside ships, they thought, and went away over them." The New York was Hit. How San Juan was bombarded by Admiral Sampson's fleet is told in a letter written by Stephen Raybold, an officer on the Indiana, which is dated on board the Indiana, off the Haytian coast, Ma' " -.th, and says in part : " We left Key West at midnight on May ?.• Porto Rico, to meet the Spanish fleet. Off Porto Rico at two o'clock on iauraday morning, all hands were piped to get coffee, hard tack and ham. The first shot was fired at twenty minutes past five by the Indiana and we finished firing at ten o'clock. " The Spanish have good guns and plenty of them, but are poor shots. The only ship hit was the New York — ventilator broken, one man killed and two wounded. Old Glory I saw with a shot hole in the lower inside corner, but our flag was still there. "The Indiana's marksmanship was praised by the Admiral. Captain Taylor, of the Indiana, made a speech the day before the battle praising his men. The Admiral did not want to take the fort, only to size up his men under fire, and they were all there and earned his praise. " The ships withdrew in good condition to meet the Spanish fleet, but we cannot find it. We do not want to sacrifice our ships in taking the port. We want the Spanish fleet. " Say, old chum, by the light of the moon, the yellow jacket and the blood of the sacred mouse, do send me the New York Herald with the ac- count of the battles of Matanzas, the Philippines and Porto Rico, and others that may be fought. You will do me a heavenly favor, for which I will repay you some day. BOMBARDMENT OF SAN JUAN. The Indiana blew the whnU bM« «r ^u r toy p/stol ,.p„„„,„. •'n„„,, forgetTe ;4',^=,'"««'<' ''°"' ''°""' ""d "•'» fir,, vcsel ,„ con,. „„rt\ fr„'„ Cuba afcrj tl'h ^^ '" "" ^"'"'"■'"' "■= Mr. Drake saW that i„ makiL thl h^ /t"'"' °' ^" >»»• passed within four hundred y" d, " r M n'f ^'" ^"^ "'' ^ '"■>*• point con,„.andi„g the e„ Ifce „f 1^7 ''"•":"'>''='' '= -tuated o„ a iwo fortifieations The outer waU, "'''i'^'^'- '"' '' «>= "^hW of the city's Mween eighty and one hCd^rr -; rr^tdX^e .arka^, Right Under Morro's Guns lower b^;an?hXlT,S r^el-'eirf """■ . °- «=- "" ">' through its own discharge, Mr Drake ^l fJ'T "" '"""''"' ^h^" <" ■ng works had been demdished Haff at el .1 '°™"' ''"'■ "■" ^"PP-'" bardment hved outside the city but aSenerK^.ru' ''""='' "^ *' ''■>"- sot up and watched the engagement Z "1 J- ^ "'' """"'"»*"8. h" he said he believed was the fo^a left the fl ? T"' °°' ""«'■ """"• boat, steamed fairly under Morro'; Euns Shf;."!; '^"'T'"'''^ i-y^mM going slowly around it, let fly her sLla.t ^^l Sio''^ """" "*"'• '"" . .-r r :rrX:"a:;d°i;frc^ .-T„rrL.i„ns .u. „. .t:ht"b:rn~;at^"^^^^^^^ vessel joined the fleet agl "^^ '°'''' '^ '^' ^'"^ke. the daring "^"°ther daring warship was bdieved to be th..^ •* -n too, came within easy reach of .,'^'^*''* '° ^^^ *^« "Monitor Terror. She, -med to have take/ effect Once JheTthe"' "' ^'"^ •^'^°' ^^^^ »>- deck, the gunners on Morro. unused^Ihe" tvt "'' J'" '"^''"^ '^'^ ^- sunk her ! ' ' ""^ '° ^" *yP«' ^"ed m glee, ' See, we have ba^dilg ^erz S;'zfse:rsT:::r .h'T "^"" ■- «■' *»■"■ and the Hn.V-'^r „. _. "'°"* ^^"'^Pe was the dumountiW of on. «..., killed in San J„.„ „ere current I „„ ^^^l ''°"7 "' "" "-'«' was reported soon after the fleet had 272 BOMBARDMENT OF SAN JUAN. I retired, that sixty had met death, but later reports put the number at six. These six, it was said, were the men at the guns. "Several shells struck the town, but I have not been able to learn that any persons were killed by them. One shot passed through the third story of the Hotel Ingleterra, driving the persons inside to the street in their night- clothes. No one was hit, however. Another shell went through a largo warehouse on a dock, shattering a timber pile and lodging in the side plati s of the Spanish mail steamship Manuela. It nearly sunk her. " A French gunboat lying in the harbor had her smokestack pierced by a shell and quickly got out of the range of the guns, with the French flat; flying at both staffs, " It seemed strange to me that the American fleet did not continue the bombardment until all the fortifications were dtinolished. The pilot, who boarded us off Sandy Hook, said that the fleet had gone to San Juan to engage the Spanish fleet, and his statement goes to explain several incidents of the attack. Trying to Draw Out War Ships. " A quantity of small shots were fired in the harbor at first to draw out, as I now understand, any Spanish ships that might have been there. Although there were in San Juan at the time the cruisers Isabella II. and Alfonso XIII. and the gunboat Concho, not one of them took any part in the engagement, and the American vessels retired. "After it was all over the Alfonso XIII. put to sea to give chase to the American liner Paris, as was learned afterward. She returned in three hours alone. We saw the same liner fifteen miles away, off Fajardo, on Friday morning. She was cruising to the southeast. *' There was much surprise in San Juan when the American fleet retired. If the warships had continued their attack two hours longer the town would have surrendered. The authorities, both naval and military, were unable to learn how much damage had resulted to the American ships, but it was not generally believed in San Juan that the fleet had been compelled to withdraw under the fire from the fortifications. " There was much disappointment, too, that the Spanish fleet had not arrived to protect the town. The warships had been looked for every day for two weeks preceding the bombardment, and there were several British vessels unloading coal for the flset when we were at San Juan. The guns which we saw on the fortifications in entering the harbor seemed to be of ancient design, and I am told that what modern guns the American fleet left are not in fight- ing order. Several Kfupp guns, which were landed at San Juan a year ago, were not removed from the wharf until a couple of weeks ago. BOMBARDMENT OF SAN JUAN. failure, lost one. the projectile sinking wMe tie cr^J " J'f '"° '°"^'''^'' """ Key West nor.hrr„ /uly ,4tbin"d'Jn, s""' ■■"." I"'' '"'■ ^''^^ ^'- ing in New York ten days outfrl sfnt a^o ^"p """! "'^^ '""• '"•">'- staunch swift and capabfe. We cleJeX It':"" "=' "'""^^ ^ "' .e „„:;aT::c: mr'ttctL^idi::™^^^^^^^^^ ^^- — would go clear through our hull, thl effect If a si 1 ItV """" ""= in>.ig,ned. We immediately opened fir, h„, u ^^'"^ ""^ "^y be are confident one battery w^. Tadt much T,"' Tin "-P^^nders, and the Porter. We were signa , ret.Ve L ^ "" ""=""■-"' "' out at once. While retiring 1 TZ?, " V""' ="" '"">' '"" "ay I saw a six-pounder shot "Line and re,^ T ^ 'u' "^P" ^"■""""^ f"™"* would land.' The shot Vred^hree feeTI 'ove 1" f '^""'^ '' "'°"«'' ■' w.iterasiern, scarcely clearinir th, ?r! «'"'« "X head and fell into the came from tie same M """Iwt wl I TZ ° "" ''"'"- ^"°"- ^h"' our head, by only a little "^ '^'^"''^ """"■" "■ ^"d »-nt over U IN 274 BOMBARDMENT OF SAN JUAN. P I-' i " Immediately after the destruction of Cervera's fleet we were near San. , tiago. When that Austrian war ship came sailing up from the southeast .t was interesting to see the great flotilla of transport ships, miatakmg the fla^j of Austria for that of Spain, go scurrying off to where the Iowa was lymg and huddle behind her like a brood of chickens seeking shelter. ' Lieutenant John C. Fremont had charge of the Porter. Spanish "Terror" Disabled. One of the interesting events of the blockade was the disabling of the Spanish torpedo-boat destroyer Terror, by the unarniorcd cruiser St. Paul, a former American liner, commanded by Captain Sigsbee. In defeating the Terror Captain Sigsbee rendered a most important ser- vice to our navy. and. indeed, to all navies. He not only deprived Sampson s fleet of apprehension of an attach in the rear some dark night by this v.oous little boat, but he demonstrated that an auxiliary cruiser is amply able to take- care of herself against a torpedo gunboat, showing that the offensive power o this craft had been very much overrated. The torpedo gunboat was an untried quality in naval warfare up to this time. Swifter than a torpedo boat sea- worthy and possessed of the armament of which the torpedo boat is void the torpedo gunboat had been a terror in imagination to all naval men. 1 lo presence of such a Spanish gunboat, the Temerario, in the River Platte in the pathway of the Oregon on her cruise around South America, had been for several weeks a cause for great anxiety at the Navy Department. Captain Sigsbee showed, with an unarmored cruiser, armed with only five-inch guns, that torpedo boats are not to be feared, at least in daylight. Captain Luke, of the British steamship Ravensdale, which was in San Juan harbor on the day of the fight, thus describes it : " I was on a hill and saw the whole affair," the skipper said. " It was a fine sight. The flashes from the guns, the puffs of smoke, and the bursting of the shells made a grand picture. , ,„ "Why, I never saw such a plucky fight as the Terror made, and the firing from the St. Paul was as reckless as any I ever heard about. She threw ishots and shells for at least two hours, while the daring little torpedo boat steamed as close as three-quarters of a mile to her antagonist. Her torpedo tubes could not carry the range. Finally, a shot from the St. Paul struck the Terror on the port side, abaft of her third funnel. It crashed into the eng.ne room, where it exploded. The chief engineer, who was a Spaniard, was Hit in the head by a piece of the flying shell, as he held the throttle. He was hurled into the machinery, and met his death in that manner. The assistant engineer had both his legs cut off by fragments of the shell, and died next day. BOMBARDMENT OF SAN JUAN. torpedo the St. I'aul, and she would „„h ^T""'""'' """^ ""-de adash to ■• Another of the Ameri.W , ° '^" '" P"" '"-day- had a hole i„ her s^o abo 71 feirhi^r'', ""^''"'■"•» "-" ^he latter l.elieve her machinery ,va. dibld ^te An'S"' r'^^'^^' "" ' "-•' was h,t and that caused her to leak.*^ When , Tc "'■ , "" ""''"" "'"- repairs to the torpedo boat had nearl„K..I , '''" ■''"" °" l""-: 26lh as good as ever. There were no mo'e .^n .ro'lt''; '"" ' «"=^^ ^"^ " "- wounded on the Terror." "° •"""'• and about four or five One d» ^ ■ ,'^* ''°'' ■^°'''''' "'^^l" »»»«er- .he«a,shf;t:t:w:rttnrel.ranrT"^'^-"--^ ness of the officers the latter mUt Lvet- >,, "" '^"''"S- and cool- have Justified elther^nTstXr oth^d T'""r'"-» "-^"- «"« of five hundred men were in the hands „f ^,' '^"' '"'°"''' "«> I'Ves dose under the cruiser's aide that one couMh'' . '"''"'" ''°"' '"^ " One turn of a wrist and the New York !nH I, '"'' " '"'"='"' aeainst it. of the Maine and hers * '"'' '"^ "'« ■""»' have met the fate ti.e ;«::; SLi^t ^^^^/.nt"' "■■^"'"-' -- ^- ■'-on,, of screws and hunting blowers-a„d .haXarhaT" '''" ""^'^ '^^ ^""'"^"S IS memorable that duty scarcely demands 1 '"'"'"' ""= 'ata.'trophe. U , ■•NoonehaaprinLthislthX, f;Vf,r"'"^- It was stifled at the time lest braTe mTrK '' "^">'"'>'='-o m the fleet. freely and brave men may be p^Ts^d I wt "'T't ''°"' " ""'>' "= •»« "There are some thLs ab^ut ii „i u u " ''°"'' "'^ Porto''- appears .hat the New York was slmej;? 'T ""'" "-^ "P'a/ned It -For the rest you must knowIVtrfleeC",,!?*""' '''°**"« =«■■<>"• occasional electric signal; that the ni^h^J .f f ^'"« "" "e""^ except an no. accounted for, and that hi ruisjfs ' d det •' "'' ''"'""''' ««' "a, •"omen,; fta, ,he Porter was on co t dut^ InT'" ""' ^''P^"^'"" any «=ly infallible night signal appara'us ofTh'e „ ' "T ,™P°""' >"'■ ">^ false for once and brought him and aH wh„ i J^ ^°* P'^y"' Sampson than they have been before „r"Ce "" "'"' ■"■■" "="or to death "There was steadfpct '-oit-c-a - -u -, - a .„ wait When it is -^f Lletd^^dor '^, "-^^^^^^ 276 BOMBARDMENT OF SAN JUAN. of the New York, thought he could have rammed and sunk the torpedo boat that night. Lieutenant Fremont knew he could blowup the cruiser, that nothing could save her if he loosed his port torpedo, which was trained and ready and had not fifty yards to run. But both men waited that extra .second which marks the hero, and the nation escaped an occurrence awful enough to li.ive changed materially the history of which it is so proud to-day. Narrow Escape for the Flagship. " An officer who was beside me on the Porter that night when we expected to be riddled by the cruiser or to go down with her when our tor- pedo tore her asunder summed up something of the gravity of that midnight meeting when he said to me next morning: 'Young man, you will never have a closer call than that before you die.' I believed him then. I had even more reason to believe him later on when we learned more of the flagship's side of the story. " On both vessels next day it was known and acknowledged that the torpedo boat had come within an ace of sinking the New York, and that the flagship, her men at the guns, would have rammed or sunk the Porter had the disclosure of her identity been delayed a few seconds longer. " Of the many strange encounters during those nights of cruising, when sometimes as many as twenty ships moved along without lights in hostile waters, this was the strangest and most momentous. A mere tug with a six- pounder or two, the Leyden it was, held up one of Her Majesty's cruisers on the high seas, firing across her bows and demanding sternly, with that rising inflection known to all who were with the fleet: 'What ship is that?' The astonished British captain, thus bearded by a mere towboat, replied with natural choler: 'This is Her Majesty's ship Talbot.' " The man on the bridge of the Leyden saw something humorous in the situation, and shouted, facetiously : "'Goodnight, Talbot!' "In solemn tones there came from the outraged cruiser the reply: '"You may go, Leyden.' And the Leyden went. The Talbot's com- mander was not disposed to think the tiling funny, and his opinion, like his battery, was the weightier. " Commander Todd, of the Wilmington, confessed that he was about to aink the //■(?r«/on to believe that she was one of Cervera's ships, at least for a few awful seconds, and Lieutenant Fremont was between two fears— one that he might allow an enemy to escape, the other that he might destroy a friend. " On that dark blockade the American ships recognized each other in two ways— one being the position in which a vessel appeared, which shoiiki be her night blockading station, and the other being an Ardois signal, which was changed from night to night. So if, for instance, the New York, cruising slowly westward, sighted another ship running without lights and not occupy- ing one of the blockading stations, she would flash, let us say, two red lights above one white one. If the stranger answered properly and promptly the New York could go about her business. Otherwise the batteries would be manned, a signal warning all vessels within signal distance would be set, ami the flagship would close in and get the stranger's range. " It was grim work in the dark, but Lieutenant Fremont, ever cheerful, went about his scout duty with the complacency of a man whose mind is easy. I recall an odd conversation that night which seemed still more odd when I thought of it later. It sheds a curious light on what followed. ._., c. • 1 !--«- U~..« V.A>i.i.r .» n — —a.! j.i,ui=, x -a,.. 'What would you do if you ran across one of them out here ?' BOMBARDMENT OF SAN JUAN. -.;r:'\f ;;:XT;ir ^rt'.:^^^^ I'.l «o a. I,i,„ full ,, ^d .1" rl . "'," ''""'.i" ™''' '"'"'y-'ix "-"o... before we stopped • " ' °"" """'^ 8° '"'1' *»/ "toubI, hin, save, .ime"!",:";:. '::;'',•, '.d I';'? "'"^- 7"'" " " -■■■"-^ ■': -'•='.• I. •• ■All ! . "'''•' "1' '" "'Ivance in such mattera ' ^_ A lisl,, „„ ,|,e p„„ bow,' the looko.,. announced. conninlrower r weTe'lr'^ " "'"T"' '"" ''»'« "> "« "»" ■•" "•< an houn ' «"""« ''""^ Ben.ly, making only about five knot. How', your head ? ' he asked. I'' NorVest by westhalf-wcst,' was the reply. .P^ed/ safd Fr^onT^ ThHon""'" 7 "''"I "" "" '''" ' ^--quart^ and then shot Zugh [he dark el r'^Tf' "r^" '° *■"'■•''= f" "-O"". wa,s on shore we had no bu^.n.? I" ''^''* ""^^ '''=>'°"^ '*' «"d as it and began to Zeep in ."I" " T "'•'"' "' ^'*^^"^^ ^^^'^ *° °- station were to guard ^ "^ "''" '^''" °"^'- *^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^ater which we "Sometimes lights flashed from invisible signal masts her« .„H .^ The ships were talkine— challpnmn^ ^„ .i. ^^"^^ *"° **'«='■«• friendly keels were near. '^'"'"^'"^ °"« ^"°*^^'- -"^ making sure that only Cruiser and Torpedo Boat. visibi:teMhT^;ra"iXTt" T'""'"' "«'™*«" - a shaft of light, di^^'edtydist!' ; llZ:^rTo^ "" f'"""'' saw only empty night one moment, a siVnaTburn eTr "'' "'""' "" next. The Spanish searchli-h. d . 1 T J """^ ">""= ""'«' ">= . . . Stare well, oh hooded eyne Save where the dazed rock pigc<;n8 ri.e. The ht chffs give no sign. 280 BOMBARDMENT OF SAN JUAN. " We cruised >vestward. I lay down on deck near a i-pounder-too near. Licuternt Fremont went below for a nap. Ensign G.lhs-^ was he who ^S^^TuTa Spanish torpedo afterward by springing overboard and unscrew- r. its "war nose ' so it could be hauled aboard safely-was .n charge of the Porter for the time. There was quiet until half-past two m the morn.ng. 'Then the i-pounder beside me woke me as thoroughly as .f .t had been , n inch gun and I raced to the conning tower to see what had happened. nd aw wht seemed to be the very biggest ship in the world loommg up on "our po"t bow, indistinct in the gloom, but close enough to smk us w.thout fail a second after the order to fire. r • . ^ We had fired across her bow to stop her and learn if she were fr^nd or foe ^e it seemed she was. for our guns were trained on her, and he por Torpedo was ready to leap from its tube and do for her what we expected she would do for us in a second or two. " Lieutenant Fremont stood before the connmg tower. Gdhs had made out the bom of the stranger when we were a quarter of a m.le away and haa awaiened his commander Silently the Porter stole upon the dark warsh.p When we were but rwo hundred yards away or less, and so w.thm easy s.gnal distance the night fleet signal was flashed by the torpedo boat. "two white lights and one red. It burned for a second or so, and then it was turned off. There was no reply. The stranger, dark and unheed.ng, Ived sbwly westward. That she had not seen it was «nconce.vable fo There were twenty men looking out for signals on every Amer.can warsh.p at this time^and no'one could believe that they had overlooked that well-known signal flashed clear so close at hand. Close to Death. " The Porter shot close, so close that every man on her felt th^t desperate work was in hand, and that now we were in for it beyond recall. The New York is perhaps the easiest of the American ships to recogn.ze but so dark wa "t tkat she'was strange to practiced eyes. Moreover, the d rect.on from Th ch we approached wa! such that we had her masts and smoke-p.pes .n a Tolsing hn'e. and so were unable to distinguish the marks wh.ch. .f seen dearly, would have proclaimed her identity instantly. .'bur blowers were making a loud, droning noise The -ov^nienj ^ both vessels through the water added to the ^'^-1*7.^-""^^^^ f ""t voice rose so that I thought it must have rung through the strange ship, the crew of the strange ship were rushing to their guns. " ' Stop those damned blowers,' Fremont said. .' He was calm ; oven deliberate. His eyes swept forward and then alt, BOMBARDMENT OF SAN JUAN. 281 "'Are the guns trained on her?' he asked a iackie ..ood like a s.a>ue, hi/shouUer nVLafn ^^"csThis''' '''" 'T enemy. I„ such moments the eye notices out^nH,, ■, f >" °° ""= dering that Jackie at the bo* gun ^ouW sIh !h, ■ , "^'"'^' """■ the great ship which toweref above us wfth that T"'h'' '"'r" ''^'■' Jackie answered 'Aye ave sir ' hi, .L^ J . "* '-?'"'"*'•• As ;r^:^^^i££SF^-=^^tir »hit: ;fgrat:fr:d"t:'«"^; rrrrurVei. ^' "=*''■ =-'"-- :^:::.t:o^hrbi;irrX--»" ren? if LTed-rgrp^::^. - dir -' ^ -= - ^ ing to use the American signl ' "" '"™^ ""'S'" l" =«™P' The Highest Courage. "There was no time to think about it. There was a fl..U a- s ranger's forward fighting top. and a shell whist edovlr us 9 '^' the top had fired without orders, it seems brnf thl 7 ""^ "'"" '" saw only the flash of the gun, and bZved that r fles nd'maT "'''""• ""^ be riddling us a second later Th. K V machme guns would to bear on'us. so ose we- we^^F^^^ TI' "°u '^ '^^"^^^^ ^"°"gh " aTiI '"■■'.?''' ^r'''^ •"'' ' '■" *= «»'= breath, ceivable apX ",?r alc^uT'^'H"' '/'" -ments, passin, with uncon- *e Porter, aJa\';T:?„^;:„rhet;sh;':"''' """ '°"^=='"-<'° '-"■ 282 BOMBARDMENT OF SAN JUAN. them one more chance. It was to be their last. I read it in the sudden straightening of his form and the menacine hail which I hear yet: ' What— ship — is — that ?' " On the heels of that hail came an answer from the cruiser, and at the first English word our men let go the breath they had been holding in one great sigh of relief, for the answer rang clear and loud : ' This is the New York !• " On the cruiser's deck there was a sound as of men shifting their feet, and a confused murmur as they fell away from their guns. Mutual Explanations "The Porter's commander spoke "■-gain, and this time there was no menace in his voice, but wonder only : ' Is that Captain Chadwick?' " 'Yes,' answered the New York's captain ; ' is that the Porter ?' " ' Yes, sir.' " 'Why didn't you show the night fleet signal ?' " ' We did, sir, twice. There was no answer the first time. The second time— just now — the New York displayed the wrong signal.' "Captain Chadwick thought that could not be so, but every one on the torpedo boat knew it was ; and after some more explanation, which did not approach recrimination, the Porter swung away from the flagship and glided off" into the night. I recollected then that I had stooped below the conning tower when the New York's gun flashed, though it was obviously too late, and the light structure would have afforded no protection. I recalled, too, that neither the jackies nor the officers near me had attempted to dodge, and I wondered at that. " As was customary, several captains met in the admiral's cabin on the flagship in the morning, and I was told afterward that the night encounter was the subject of considerable talk. It appears that Admiral Sampson himself had been awake. And I was informed, when some one said to Lieutenant Fremont that the Porter should have been more careful about the night-fleet signal, the Admiral said gravely: 'I saw the Porter's signal displayed, and there was no answer from this vessel.' " There was an end to that argument at least, but a torpedo man from the Porter and an officer of the flagship asked each other what would have happened if the Porter's hail had not been answered just when it was. " ' Do you know what our next order would have been ? ' asked the flag- ship man. " ' No,* said his friend from the Porter. * What would it have been ? ' " ' Full speed ahead and ram I ' was the reply. BOMBARDMENT OF SAN JUAN. 283 ." The torpedo man laughed ' You'd never have rammed us ' he ,..H and mdeed he was right. But for the discovery which camThk. ' at the last second of endurance the New York wal doomeH rf "V"^ might have been sunk; the flagship must have been ' "^'^^ ^'''''' " It was said afterward that there was some dpf^rf fl^^f ^- u. • . York's signal o„.«.. Tha. an appalling ^.11;^ t s atrtfd U^;': ^'" age of ™en >vho hdd .heir hands a. the risk of sacrificing .C««^ ZTo" be no doubt The story is told in ward rooms over a social LasTn!! and told lightly, for now there is no need to run wiU,out lfa„d ?!' ff' fleet ,s no ™ore. It is known, too, that the Furor and Plu.rwere n«Ts a" or as dangerous as they were thought to be. And anyway the Jart over ,n^ n Iw "°'T°?>^ '^^' '^^ '"^^ n^ost concerned said little of the afikir : nrh^:^h^:^^^^^^^^^^^ T ^°i °?^ ^^-'•-- ^^^^ -^'^^ ^^ but let the affair sle;nVrT?.u ''.''' ""'^'^ ^^^" '^^ '"'^'^^"^ ^-« ^^os.d, rarer su^ ta„ thTcou^^^; ^::^:::^' '''''t. ''''- ^^ that spirit which bade men waTt and Xr^ ^^ '" °'''" ^ ^^ '''^ '' dark night off the CubaTcoast." "^ ' "'*'°"^' ^^^^"^^^ *^»^ ! 'il ' 1 1 hi lii w£f.'0^ CHAPTER XVII. General Miles' Campaign in Porto Rico. AVING wrested the Pearl of the Antilles from the Crown of Spain, it was not expected that we should leave her in quiet possession of a beautiful island just halfway from New York to Cadiz, half- way from Newport News to the Canaries, and equi-distant from Key West and from Colon. During the time that elapsed between the issue of the Santiago campaign and the departure of tiie Porto Rico expedition un- der command of Major- General Nelson A. Miles, its proposed movements and methods of attack, with a view to secure a foothold on Porto Rican soil at the earliest date, had been so widely circulated that its commander made up his mind to turn this very pub- licity to advantage. The reading public of the two hemispheres knew for a fact that when Gene- ral Miles left Guantnnamo Bay on Thursday evening, July 2 1st, his inime" "- cabled to the Secreta^ of or ci'r fi:^Mr;ii:rweit:/p::r„Jt"'^"= '° '^"^ "•= "»*- pushed between daylight and m o'c ock si'! /'' successfully accom- .-ester. Commander Wainwright first en.e^drt T""'""' """= ""'"■ resistance; fired a few sho-s. All .1^^ tra™ ! ' T "'"' '^'«'" tafanto. and artillery rapidly gofng ashoTe "^""^ "' """ "" ""^ '■^*<"-. -=< Occupied by American Troops » H^r^f^^ra'-nt rgra-dtil^eTcSLr Sfcl '^^ ^ '" " :;«: rzLTtaf af jucr 'r ----^^^^^^^^^^^^ sachusetts. wroie a speralTorr^prdent ""'" ""'"^^ ^^ ^^"°"' «- American telegraph wires were hanging from the roof, A„, ■ d.ers were gathering starfish along the shore and aI^^.,' ^'"""^" ^o'" Played by the Sixth Massachusetl Band I the pta Ro ""T T '""« stretched along the level lowlands and camp-fires burneH . ?. ' '"" ing hills. The inhabitants returned lofiZ ,t ,, "" """ "•"°"" ambushed be- did we reach their hiding place than' they p^eraX ^Tur m^ I don t l *= main command, attacked them T he « I' wJ ""'J '°l """" ="■' *"■= "^ •" g« '" •»=«■>"• Every, mid y ""'"J"'' "■: ''^'"•='"'' '^°"=' B~°''= -"about to give tl ZTt T"' *''"" ""■""B''- = '^''""' of "l"^' =ame a trooper riding as re n d d„"tT"l' '""''■ ""^ '"'"^'' f™"" '"^ horse'perspirafion Ge r^Brrk ' °'„'''"* ^'""''''' "^= """ ^"'"'^^ and handed * l!v and .7"'^" "' "" ' "'""" ''■"" '"^ '^'^S-Ph ^'".ion five «"les away, and the message was an order announcing the suspension of 290 THE PORTO RICAN CAMPAIGN. ■I ■,< hostilities. General Brooke looked at him a minute and then growled: 'You might have saved your horse a little,' I think the general was a little angry, for I believe that he wanted that fight to go on. It would have been a stiff one, though, and we would have lost a p;ood many men." A Oity Trooper's Experience. A member of the First City Troop, Philadelphia's crack command, wrote the following account of his experiences in Porto Rico a few days before sail- ing from Ponce, for home on the transport Mississippi : " The troop is once more at the Port of Ponce, ready to move. Home 1 <3 the destination this time, though. The camp at Guayama dragged, or rather waded, along its existence of outpost work, special duty, some orderly jobs, and the men knew that General Brooke had requested the War Department to assign the City Troop permanently to him until negotiations were concluded with Spain. " This would have meant a march across the Island to San Juan, acting with Company H, of the Sixth, as the commanding general's escort. It would mean that the troop would have had the unquestionable pleasure of presenting sabres to the grand old flag as it went up in the capital of Uncle Sam's new colony, never to yield place to any other ensign. " The troop greatly appreciated the honor done them by General Brooke's request, and the equally great honor of General Miles's endorsement, and it is needless to say that the organization that served as the immortal Washington's headquarters guard and whose standard first bore the glorious thirteen stripes of alternating red and white, which standard served in that particular as Betsy Ross's model for the dearly loved national flag, would only too gladly have remained in the service and taken part in the ceremonies at San Juan. But governmental plans did not permit of this. " The troop's active service was abruptly brought to a close on Wednes- day, August 24th. The alcalde had been amusing himself by collecting from the natives various assessments in the name of the United States. It is need- less to say that he was without authority, and equally needless to say that the natives objected. They appealed to General Brooke. Late at night on the ?,^d an order reached Captain Groome, directing him to detail sixteen men to make tne march to Selinas, twenty-five miles from Guayama, and restrain the avaricious Spaniard. " As ordered, Lieutenant McFadden and Corporal Rosengartcn, with fifteen men with rations for thirty-six hours, reported at headquarters at 6 o'clock on Wednesday morning. There they were nearly knocked speechless by the order to return to camp at once and prepare to proceed to Ponce to THE PORTO RICAN CAMPAIGN. 291 aoUtaT,?,!;','"'"" "' T" " """>'• f""'' •••'"' <='"■"•> '""ruction, ,„ glad or sorry, .h./we„. fo wot ^.h 2° u,u I wilfaVd":: '"'• ''"' officer, and n,cn wa, rewarded by ,hc comple iol o\T1 'l\"'"ey "' although no, forced ,o thl, ,tep byL en™7 "" "'°"' '''' '"'"''■ Great Downpour of Bain. " Everything was ready for an earlv start B„. •• Porto Rico. And Thur,dav theTcth Ir A . '0™«'nies rain, in bottom out of the heaven aTd he o « 1 ^oT V"'"""' "^ """ ""= ^"'''= phalanx of water. By , o^lock Z rl b h' k l"."""' '""'" '"'""'' possible to move in the roop streettitrut h t"' '"°"^^ '° "»'"= " So -boots and saddle, ■ -nira„d"nts\t"?h:;,' t^tart^i^Tcr phlegmatic, pensL, lo„|.earedX's of the' d'ierTrmfh"' T" "' '"= about the army mule, b<.t you can. wear .hi sublet sW "' """ '"""" .hat mts a m n '^'^m^lT' "Tl '" *' """"^ -^^-'-^ ^'"^ l.ead,uarters, his ^^d';re:X'ZrtXrr:fe^<^T'^' B^^^'^ =rniat^^„:ro^^:^a:d°^:cte:^-^^^^^^^^ rb:tira.^:2xr:rrr^^^^^^^^^ cowades in arms^lrS t^^ rtlthT cS^rs^ithTr'" "^"^ "^ '^='^ *r^TLX'':eTc?m^--re„rto:?^^^^^^^^^^^ r^eZt ro S::- It" -r-r- ^™:.] <* tt ■lone for the heahh and comt , !P"'''^j^'' ">« everything that could be -ne. But\h"t\r„rhrgrtht"^^^ """' «"« -^ "^--^ - -ed inli^ f^lilj-rrusr bt:' rzr-v--.. "^'=- are stroneer nhvsirallv . fi,,f ♦!, i •■ • f!, ^-vCcpi mat uie men "%«t^ched-dt'^.-'Xi:rrLi';t=r^^^^^^^^ ui THE PORTO RICAN CAMPAIGN. corps keeps tliem up through those crucial moments when to give up means to be ill. " Up to the day of the ' Battle of Peace' (the 13th) the prospect of the fighting kept the men keyed up ; but in that disappointment to the troopers began their tour of routine work, and then the climate showed itscif The continued wearing of wet clothes, steaming in the sun, the odors and ...ciiches that seemed to pervade the whole beautiful little island began to produce pale fa^ -s ; the dread malaria showed its mark on several sturdy fellows, and day- after day you would see men go up at roll call and do their full share of the work when they were not fit to be out of a hospital. " Yet, not only the ordinary discomforts of campaigning— nothing to a soldier— but enough to kill the average stay-at-home, these troopers shared with the other Americans here to seize Porto Rico for their country ; but they shared, as well, some proportions of more than mere discomfort. That their proportion was the smallest m the expedition, perhaps, and that no rough box, covered with Old Glory, passed, as many did from other commands each day, through the streets of Ponce or Guayama from the Philadelphia Troop is due, some thought, only to the watchful care of officers, personal cleanliness, grit and physique. It Was No Picnic. " This has been no picnic— no holiday. But let us join the troopers again for by this time they are passing through Selina, and are making for Hacienda de Magdelena, where they spent last night on the road to Arroyo. At I o'clock they reached it, unsaddled, eat mes- of hard tack and canned beef, and rest an hour. At 2 o'clock eight 01 u u- t.ron,)3 started )ff again, glancing with interest at the various places f r •.. ■. ' n the w / .ast to throw out their skirmish lines and endeavor to come up with the fleemg Dons. " It was 5.30 o'clock when the City Troop and its three wagons— not to mention the four-in-hand oxcarts— turned into the Hacienda del Carmine, where they were to bivouac for the night. The laborers had an epidemic of < c pox ; but, needless to say, Captain Groome, after consulting his medical • > ff; - iccted a safe place, and a dismount brought down some tired and ■io.. e pretty sick ' -^n, too. • A slight divertissement took place here in the shape of a good, old- fashioned * kiU-if-you-can ' fight, between two of the mule skinners. The sen- tries promptly placed them both under arrest, and stopped the show abruptly. The negroes on the plantation treated us to ' Marching Through Georgia ^yith words in Spanish at night ; and later, an active invoice of land crabs, lizards and spiders— all of herculean proportions— served to while away the hours of darkness and keep our thoughts away from home. .293 294 THE PORTO RICAN CAMPAIGN. " At 5 Trumpeter Geiger produced the * first call,' and after the horses were fed, Corporal Biddle fed the men — milk appearing on the menu. The milk brought to some one's lucid brain the fact that we had not had a scarcity of butter since leaving Newport News, and up to that moment everyone had forgotten all about it. " At 6 the march was continued ; at noon Santa Isabella was passed, and at 3 the weather-beaten guidon jerked and fluttered into Ponce." Here occurred a long delay with several showers thrown in, while the captain interviewed General Wilson. The march was later taken up to a point about a mile from Playa. There the troops went into camp on Friday the 26th at 6 o'clock, putting up their canvas and preparing for a long stay. The troopers and their horsqs were tired and ready for sleep. Mess was served at 7 o'clock, when lo! — the Rumor Committee had been persistently off the track in Porto Rico, but it nearly expired in a paroxysm of joy when the rumor that the river below Ponce was overflowing its banks, was almost immediately substantiated by the Signal Corps, which informed the captain that the camp would be three feet under water in half an hour. How those tired fellows did sail in and load the wagons, saddle and get equipment together ! and the last wagon which they pulled out with water nearly to its hubs. It was now pitch dark and too late to make another camp. So the troopers rode into Playa, tied their horses along the refuse laden alleys — called streets — and dropped themselves down on the yard wide pavements, and there they slept in hour after hour of downpour; The next morning, bright and early, the captain set forth for a camp. This he found in a lumber yard, where, after the men had drunk their coffee, the troop went into camp. Here with a big iron roof overhead, lying on the lumber, the men have at last some chance to get dry, and, may heaven grant it, stay dry. A Batteryman on Porto Rico. Charles L. Hofmann, a member of Battery A, Pennsylvania Light Artil- lery, which was recruited almost entirely in Philadelphia, 'ix a letter to his sister, under date of August 13th, gave an interesting account of the leading and early experiences of the battery in Porto Rico. The letter, which was dated from Port Ponce, was as folldws : " Here we are, just after having slept on the plaza around an old Spanish cathedral, on the hard cement pavement. This is the most curious place I have ever even read about, and I'll try to give you an idea of some of it. To begin with, we had four horses to die on our trip and wound up by being .'•««' began to take in water The sea w.« v. u ^^^^^ '^^''^ ^^""^'ned we Pounding on a Reef. c..a. for a pi„o.; ^:.zit t^T:^;::'^^:^: '?,f ^" ■■™ on Porto Rico at Porto Ponce at 7,0 !„ tk "f"'^"/"'' ' "--st set foot w.e . o„ce co.a,ea a. U.. o.J ^i! aT.;:?:::- f^"; .t. pa.a:%t\:,::^°?.xrro7teV'^Co;t-,^^^^^^^^^^ could desire. The courtyard is enclosed ta a « e~M Z^^ V ' ""« wh,ch .s covered with spikes, for fear some onl^il tea tf'^ 1°" °' for they are very beautiful. All the walls »r, \,^\. daughters, ;^e.wed .0 see US. J ^:^^ ^ :;j^-:^x:!s:v:z;^z -L-Ls': ii - L^::cr;/Larct*tira„Tr -'^ plants -a regular heaven. 'gcous oirds and tropical ... ^S:^Zu>^:z^u:;^;^r:::; \r"' ^ "■"'^■' - '■■^'■' class, so I sailed right into the 00™ no ,T !. , "'°'"'"' °'' *= >«"" a» I could in Spanifh, Xlltyl tCLte^:, 1/°' "'^ "'""'■ '^ "^" It is very easy. ^'^^ ^" begmning to get on to ; " Business hours here are lo to i r a m =.„^ o * all vou n-d ■- ah-,t f- « , '^ 2 to 4 p. m.. and to liv. her- >uu 11.^ u ,j HDuUt Juur or five do Iar«! 3 11,0^1, r -«cr,. ve. cheapexcept hread. «o„r is ^'^rrC^rd^rpaTL Je::^^: 296 THE PORTO RICAN CAMPAIGN. loaf of rice bread not larger than an ordinary breakfast roll, but they are delicious. " The people live mostly on fruit, but for a while, all that we are allowed are oranges, sugar-cane and bananas. The natives can't do enough for us. For instance, all you have to do is to say ' pan ' or hold your canteen up and the boys all make a break to buy us either bread or water. " The milk men drive their cows up to a front door and milk them for just as much as you want to buy. You can buy the best cigars here for two cents such ao you would pay ten or twenty-five cents for at home, and their cigarettes are good and strong. " Yesterday afternoon I took a carriage, for six cents, and went .p to Ponce city. It is of 32,000 people and one of the finest places you ever saw. Fakirs by the hundreds, and such a jabbering you never heard. If ycu want a carriage you have to jump irtto one while it is going, they can't wait for you. Everybody is on the hustle. The driver may ask you gi, but we never give him more than 12 or 13 cents and away you go like the wind and never think of smashing into one another. " I was in the Spanish (or now American) barracks at Ponce and saw a lot of Spanish prisoners. They are all little runts, not over five feet higli and stood at attention and took off their hats and saluted us when we entered. "There is not much danger from the Spanish regulars, but the country is full of guerillas and bushwhackers and they make lots of trouble. Although the Ponce 'papers said yesterday that peace had been declared, no doubt it will be many a day before we see God's country again, for I believe we are to be garrisoned here somewhere. " There is a road from Porto Ponce to San Juan, over 80 miles long and it is better than the Chester pike. You should see a Spaniard run from us— you would think we were going to cut their heads off. Back in the country we can have everything we want for nothing, and if I could only carry them, I could get all the souvenirs I wanted." A Oavalryman with Miles. The following letter from a young New Yorker, who enlisted in Troop A, Fifth United States Cavalry, at the beginning of the war, gives a graphic picture of the experiences of the private during the advance from Ponce into Porto Rico, with Major-General Miles : " Dear Father and Mother : Received all of your letters and papers last Monday and they were a perfect godsend to me. I had been wishing and longing for some news from home and the outer world, and the letters came just in time to make me feel good. We had been scouting through the coun- THE PORTO RICAN CAMPAIGN. 297 try, which is hard work, ever since we left Pnnr^ ^ t u think of anything but Spaniards anH 1 •' !"'^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^ "° t''"^ *<> ter-and a couplf of meals a dav co^^;"^~-rf P^^^'°"« ^'"'^ °f *he lat- But with all ouf huntinTand scou^; °" 'l^'?"^^^ '^^^^ ^"^ '^o^'ee- iards didn't do a thing Lt run a^v b^!^^^^^^^ '^ '"''" ^"' *'^ ^P^" " After leaving lonce-pronoTnced P '* ^^ '^" ^ ^"^ ^P^^'^ ^-*-- into a small town, of whfch I do "o't ;?^-°" '^' «*^ ^« -^-hed night with no su;per for our conk ^"°^ ?^!, "^""^^ and camped for the tanceoutof Ponce Next r "°°'^-^"&°" J^^^ turned over a short dis- ^^ Cch^c, when^ trcolTa^^nh:^.! tfaT^ ^ "^"^° ''^^ meet the artillery about ten miles distant "^p"*^ /"f^^^y was leaving to 9th-we broke camp again ^d star eHt ^':\° ^^^^^^ that afternoon-the dough boys-infant.^-a„d reached he.V k^ "''' ''^ ^''*'"^'^ -^ with a .uple of harick andT;^ IfTacoZ s^^ "'^'^^ '''' "''^^'^ and we M aT^^w^le^ 1^ ^^^^^^ ^° ^^ -- ^'"^ of a scrap, column as scout' and advaTce guard t"' findo^t Z^^.l '''' .'''^' °^ ^'^ n A. M. we were fired on by the Soankh " . °"V I f "''^ P°''*'°"- ^boul plantation. We threw oufour skfrm h linfJ "'"' "^ ^^'^^^^^ '" ^ -^- them. Well ! You should ha^ ee„ th ^sTor^^^^^^^ ^^^"-^ - reached the town of Homoguerez, about thrrmles^wi;^'^ ''''' '" ^'^^ Dislodging the Enemy. b»IIe.s came singing I'/^rr tlHl "," '""' "'k" '="'"= Pl-'a,i„„.fte loolced comical to s« us duclcnf f V T^ '"'■'''■ ""^ •' """« have We held back 7colnLtLTJ°mT ■''r '"" "="<= fo-he'ten quick about an hour later ThevwL" , '"'"""^ "™ "P °" ''""W^- n.ade their appearance when 27Z ' '," """^' ">°' "■■"■ " *'>• """d "°t f»r.he Spani?^ Hne ^ad™ ^tdX" 1/^^'' ""^"r '==" ^"""'"^'=''' against our sixty-five. '^ ^'" '■^'"fora'i by 200 men *::tt r bXTu^n^t'dtsV'™ '""' '•■^ ''-■•^ Wmself he was fired on Th!v !<; ' ^ '°°" "' '" ^'^"''=" ■*»»■=<' 'eries of rushes which the inll Spa„,sh-were finally driven back by a B". .he, kept on ':':::. t^'.ZtmTZr' T "V' "^"''• -.nw^ngupsuchaharea„dhou:;':.:;a::th'ad'::.;f.":a;-ne"r; THE PORTO RICAN CAMPAIGN. 298 came up. and then they did some of the most terrific work I ever saw in the wav of destroying things with their shell and shrapnel. "^ "One canno? imagine the damage those engines of war can do unt.l one sees them in action. When a shell bursts it covers everythmg w.thm a radjus of a hundred yards with hot iron, so you can picture to yourselves the terr.ble havoc it created in the Spanish ranks. So ended our first battle of the war. andTt was gloriously victorious for Uncle Sam. Two hundred and nmety- el Spanish killed and wounded; two killed and thirteen wounded o« our s!Ie Not one of our troop was hurt, which was miraculous, as we were r.ght ^" ^'r. rc^ir^lf fotgh^Sl; mounted, as the country is too hilly to per.it a mounted charge. Bu? there was one time when we made a charge on thern mounted to take a hill for the artillery, and there was not one of us touched Tcan understand it, and the boys can't either. We ^^^^^itflTtlll the Spaniards were deathly afraid of the cavalry, and called us Yankee devils 'know that we gave a terrible Indian yell when we charged them "I suppose you want to know how a fellow feels on the firmg hne. It .s a migJty queer sensation,-not fear exactly. I think it .s pr.de more than LrthTng else that makes a fellow keep a stiff upper hp. and. o course on ^^n't run away when all his comrades are fighting alongside of h.m. But, Spaniards, and talk about enthusiasm 1 Acting as Scouts. "American flags were flying from every large building, and the na^^^^^^ roUected on every corner and shouted 'Viva Americano.' etc. We had all th ctars ciearetteT wines, cakes, coffee and fruit we wanted, and Capt.n Smb mTdel'speech.' We then marched a short ^i----;^-: "e reconnoitre and to look for a camping place. We saw some Spaniards on h hi Is in the distance, but they were so badly scared that we ^ould "ot ge enough to give them any shots. We then pitched our tents and camped two days to rest our horses. The captain then called for volunteers to go out on rf-tached service. I and twenty others offered our services. °'' ':.'ot1,rir„in, of the .3* we started, with Lieutenan. Va e„ n,e command. We were the scouts and the advance guard of the blevaitii THE PORTO RICAN CAMPAIGN. fantry and the artillery, always keenin,, o , . and taking notes of th'^ surrrunr^c'cun ^ U L""" ''''' ''''' '=°'""^"' small band was not snuffed out as the Sn • . '"'P"'^ *° '"^ *''^^ ""r selves in hundreds of places and with th ^ ? ,' '°"''^ '^'^^ '""^^'^^^'^ ^hem- would have been welliigh impolrb^l to L'"'l " "'"'" ''^'^ ^'^^^ "^^' '^ have the courage and sense to doTo ''''' '^''" ' ^"^ ^^ey did not "We kept on advancing verv ra„n^, i r sight of this town-Las Manal-^ Th ' h ^^^ '"'" '^° '^>'« ""^"J ^^ came in>' there were 1200 Spanish, with Zo niel ' r ""'.r'' '°'^ '^^^ ""'• ^^^^^ that -iles from the town that n^ht /ext 1 "'""^- "^^ ^^"^P^^ ^^out five infantry and artillery a mife in the rerT^ """ "'""'^ ''°^'>'' ^'^^ the and there was the most ideal place LT! k ? ''^"'^ •""'* ''"^''^^ ^he town, old cemetery, just outside o ^TiZZTlV""' ' '""^"°^'- ^^ '^ ^ ^^^ a couple of miles. ^ ^^*^'' ^"'^ commands the whole road for -:^^^t::^:^X::^^^^ --- --cou. have the place where we were looking for the' 'w'' f "^"^'' ^^^^ ^^- "ot in t'll we arrived in the town and then th.T' . ^"^^^""'^ ^^^'^ ^^"-y ^'^wly scouts and some of the n^s o/ h^^^^^^^ soon as we entered the city gates the belL r.h T' '° '"'"''■°" ^^at as to ring, and we all naturally thought th^M" °"' l'"'''^ ^'""^ comn,enced soldiers, as every town we Ld oafsed .1. Tl '" ^"''^°'"^ *« ^^e American asm in the same' „,ann.^ buf wT ^ '^^^^ ^^,^ «hown its joy and enthusi- the Spaniards that we were in The cUy °"' ' '' ^'^ ' ^•^"^' ^° ^^^^^^or:^ .f ^'--enant Valentine, and skelter, jabbering and making all sort^ nfr T '"""'' "^'"^ "P ^eltc- Spaniards-the rear guard of the r 1 f ''' ''^"' '^'' '^^'"^ ^'^''^ '^ warm reception. Wefl ! We d.dn't "0"^'" V'"^ '°'' "^ ^° ^'^ - a «^ that confounded town to .eeith: 1:^^!^::^;:::^-^ ^"' ^^"°° °- Spaniards Ran Away very steadily, and we thought thai TL'Iu "" ""^ """"'^'^ "'"■ «■■■= Wge them fr„„, ,he surrfuni ' WmTk^ 7' considerable trouble to dis- -.reated with a loss of 55 irbej^en ? / .' ""■"'^ ""^ "" '''•='' -"■' ""s. The only damage o„ our side" ? "? """'"'''"'■ """ '° P"'" '6."e whac miserable fighters and itZ c""? ' ?« <"^ «<- ^o" can i„. ™"«^ - P.C. up a Mauser carbine .0^1^^^— J^^l;:: '-^ , i ' I I ■ 300 THE PORTO RICAN CAMPAIGN. couple of wooden plates and a cup. Some of the fellows got musical instru- ments that their band had left behind in their flight, ammunition, underware. surgical instruments, paper and envelopes, etc. There was almost enough to equip a whole regiment. . , . i. •' Next morning we camped in Las Marias, and have been here ever smce. I can't find out when we leave. We've heard from a reliable source-the Caotain-that peace has been declared, so I wish that.father would make ap- plication for my discharge as soon as he thinks best, for I know he can get it a deal quicker than I can and I have no use for army life. It ,s too laz.y, and anyway I want to get home to see you all again. •' The horses did suffer on the voyage from the lack of fresh air and one died when we arrived at Ponce, but I had managed to get Bouncer near a large porthole when we loaded at Tampa, so he did not suffer so much as the re«t did. They were all fairly crazy with delight when we landed them at Ponce, capering all around, and we had a tough job that night m using them on the picket line. . , , "Could you send me some paper and envelopes, please, also some cigarette paper and tobacco, as the native tobacco is miserable stuff An American dollar is worth $1.50 in Spanish money, but there is nothing worth buying, as everything is old and musty. Hope we are sent back to Maya- gue where one can buy anything almost the same as in New York. Ihis fs a purely Spanish town. Everywhere one looks, scowls ^nd gnmaces meet him but^hey are rapidly getting over their likes and dislikes. We are qu^;tered in a small building and sleep on our blankets on the floor. It is dry and it is better than sleeping in a wet tent. , t 1 .,. " Peace has been declared, for which I am very thankful, and I know vou are too. Army life is all very well as long as the country is in danger, but now the only thing I want is my discharge, and that pretty quick. A Famous Foot Ball Volunteer. Samuel A. Boyle, Jr., the famous foot ball player on the University of Pennsylvania team, who enlisted with Battery A, at Philadelphia and serve with it as a sergeant in the Porto Rico campaign, gives the following ani- mated description of the experience of the command : "The part played by Battery A in the Porto Rican campaign under Major General Nelson A. Miles was not prolific in memorable experience. The battery saw for the most part only the disagreeable «f °f <=^7^^:S"'"^ -the exposure to the vagaries of the tropical climate and the hardships - cidental to short rations and insufficient provisions. However this was not true of all the Pennsylvania troops landed on Porto Rican soil, nor, indeed, THE PORTO RICAN CAMPAIGN. 301 had the good fortune to witnes, . hlT^ u I "' ^^'^ detachment van of th'e advancing ar^rand was aUheTxtr ^'T' ^"^"^^ '" ^^^ ment of the signin/of theorotoll !;""' ^'■°"' ^^'" '^^ announce- were several regents of Pen„ ^ '" '"' '° ''"''''" ^°^*"'^'-- There these experiencrandthes!wH '"'',. ''"'''■^ '"' '"'^"^^^ ^^'^h shared regular and vo „C IS "0-'*^^ "'"-'' '^'^^ °^ *^°°P^ ^^^ ^he Rican campaign WhatThev .0 r JT °' '^' "^''" ^^'"'^ °^ ^'^^ P^^to to do when'th^e prico pu^a s oZ if !."' ''' '^'^ °"^""^^ ^^ ^^em their friends in t'his c^^'a^d^L^I^^^^^^^^^^^ '^Z'' ' °' ^^"^^^^ ^"^^^^^ ^° OflF for Porto Rico. delay in starting was Z^ZJLT '"f '""^""^ '"'I """'O'. This Tlietranspor, in Xch The bat ''^.f " ''^"■'=« °" -"iving in Porto Rico. Port Ponce, and a th ee dav^d Z ' ™ '^'"""^ '°'"' ""''' ""'" f™ men could be safely aLed Th "^ "• °'''''''"^'' ''=''''"= "-= "•°°P» ="« ■and .he ho.es and^rellj eZtlT^S tl' "" ''■°-. '"' '° a matter of considerable delicacv Of thlf , P'""'""' P"^"'''" was hundred, but they were a safdv la„H H T ' *'" ""= ""'='• '^<='- which they were transTrred bv m r J """" ""''• ^^ "'' "' "Shters, to «de of the ship It wasfive full H \ r "f '• '"■"^ """^ *•="• O'" >>= and supplies was o^^ etd a^d duri'f :^*= "°* °' ""'-<«"g *= «-> ""^CriX^'"'^"'"--'-"-^^^^ camped ^^r^:Z:^zz^:^z:::!^£ - - t =irr:urti:r:dthr„r^^^^^ they had the hard stones o "the oMq^K ^' ?°P'" ^"'■"•^^- F^*" ^ ^ed This lasted for four days durn.-^- ^f"- Catholic Church to rest upon. were steadily advancing ^ '''^"^ *""^ '^' ""'^'^ Pennsylvania troops Sixtelt W;tLra"T„T^ '^' -- - ^-y-o. The Spanish forces there The Penn.vf ?^:° ^^''^ ordered to attack the confronted by a break between th^hT'^' ^1 '^' "'^' ''"^ '°""^ ^^^--'-^ -^ and^c^wiirgh ^oi^d^- Sn'Sr*r:^i[r.r ^- - ^'' 302 THE PORTO RICAN CAMPAIGN. " Reaching the ravine beyond successfully, however, they charged up the hill, and by the sheer force of their attack drove the Spaniards from their position, captured their guns and took possession of the town. " The success of the charge was due to the bravery and ferocity of the men, and the skil' and daring of Captain Harry Hall. The latter led tlie charge from the moment they entered the little ravine until they reached the enemy's position, exposing himself to the hot fire fearlessly and continually, and urging on his men by his word and example. The result, however, might have been different in spite of him had not the volley firing of the charging troops been so deadly. On the first volley the Spanish commander fell dead, and with him several of his leading officers. This disconcerted the Spaniards, and though they desperately resisted the attack their resistance was ineffectual. After a fierce fight they were compelled to yield their posi- tion and surrender upwards of five hundred of their number to the victors. " This telling victory was Really more important than appeared at first sight, and that it was due almost entirely to the Pennsylvania boys is a source of pride to the entire body of Pennsylvania troops. It was the only severe engagement which was encountered by General Miles' command, though repeated skirmishes occurred and kept them continually on the alert. The real work of the campaign, however, was before them, and, had not the pro- tocol interfered, would have been entered upon at once. Armistice Stops an Attack. "This was the projected attack upon Aibonito. When the annoiince- ment of the armistice was received the troops were drawn up in battle array. The word was only wanting to send them forward to the attack. This would certainly have been given had the message from Washington been delayed ten minutes. Had it been given the decisive battle of the Porto Rican cam- paign would have been fought, for Aibonito enjoyed a particularly valuable stragetic position, the capture of which would certainly have insured the success of the American expedition. As at Guayamo, the Pennsylvanians would have borne the brunt of the struggle. " To understand properly the importance of Aibonito it is necessary to describe its position. It lies on the road from Ponce to San Juan, and must be passed through by an army in order to go from one city to the other. The cavalry and infantry might have succeeded in passing around it, but to take tne artillery by any such circuitous route would have been out of the question. To pass Aibonito was, therefore, necessary in order that our forces could march on to San Juan, to co-operate there with the naval forces m taking the city. THE PORTO RICAN CAMPAIGN. 303 "Aibonito stands just behind a crest of a steep hill, quite as steep as that at El Cancy Upon the brink of this hill the entire Spanish forces available m the island had been concentrated for the purpose of combatting the Ameri- can advance. There were over seven thousand there, gathered from San Juan and other towns m the eastern end of the island. They were admirably en- trenched, w.th a strong force of artillery, and seemed to enjoy an almost impregnable position. "The only possible means of taking the position was by directing artillery fire against it, and so driving the Spaniards from their trenches unless they could be surprised, and the end thus accomplished by strategy.' The former plan was tried by the Americans for three days. The elevation of the guns necessary to throw shells up the hill, however, compelled the artillery to be brought close to its base. To place the guns there would be to sacrifice a host of lives, since the men behind the guns must necessarily be exposed durmg he entire time to the Spanish gunners, to say nothing of heir sharpshooters. The plan of dropping shells into the trenches was tried from a distance, but this was unsuccessful, since the shot all fell behind the crest of the hill. The Line of Battle. " After trying thus for three days to direct artillery fire against the posi- tion A-ithout success, an attack was determined upon with the idea of sur- prising the enemy. A flank movement was ordered against the hill the fourth Pennsylvania being assigned to this task. They were to reach the rear of the position by a circuitous route, and gaining it were, on a given s.gna to attack the enemy in the nar and, distracting the attention thus from the front, give the cavalry a chance to charge up without subjecting it to the decimating fire which the enemy could pour down upon it. Under cover of these two attacks the artillery could be brought forward within range and render valuable assistance. "At best it was a hazardous plan. It meant the sacrifice of many lives probably a greater number than had been killed before Santiago. Still delay was almost as serious, and after careful deliberation it was decided to strike tne blow. ■' " It was at this time that the detachment of Battery A, in charge of the 'Upply tram reached the scene. The Fourth Pennsylvania had started the previous night on its two days' march to encircle the town. They had ac' v:omplished their purpose successfully, and had gained the position in the rear Of the town from which they were to strike their blow. They had signaled tneir readiness, and only awaited the answering signal to send them forward. DraM'n up for the charge up the hill was the cavalry. Five troops were Hi . did 304 THE PORTO KICAN CAMPAIGN. selected to lead the charge. On the left was the Philadelphia City Troop, adjoining them Troop A, of New York, next a detachment of regular cavalry, then the Brooklyn Troop, and the Buffalo Troop. Behind the cavalry was the infantry selected to support the first charge. These were the Sixteenth Pennsylvania, the First and Third Wisconsin, and the Second Regulars. The artillery waiting to take their new positions wer« Battery B, Pennsylvania ; Battery A, Missouri, and six regular light batteries. " It will be seen at once what an important part Pennsylvania was to have played in the fight. Upon these troops would have fallen a l.irge share of the losses. The City Troop in the van would have suffered frightfully, and one hundred lives would not hkelybe too large an estimate to place upon their probable losses. Fortunately, however, the carnage was avoided by the timely arrival of the peace message. " After the notification of the armistice was received the troops went into camp. Battery A was stopped and encamped short of Guayamo. The City Troop remained before Aibonito. The Battery was comfortably situated in the San Juan road, near the base of a hill,besiuc which flowed a pretty stream furnishing excellent water for men and beasts. The only discomfort was from the constant rains and from the hot sun. The thermometer ranged as high at times as 140 degrees in the sun. The ground was damp and marshy and the air heavy and murky. All were more or less affected by the combined influences, and fully a dozen were sent to the hospital at Ponce with malarial or typhoid fever. Some twenty others threatened with one or the other were ordered home at once, and left with the yacht May. " The orders to the entire command to march to Port Ponce and await the Mississippi were very welcome, and there was a very general rejoicing when the men were at last aboard the big transport awaiting the order to sail " Hardships on Transports. Here is a letter from a Battery A man, who wrote to a friend in Philadel phia, concerning the hardships of the trip from Newport News to Porto Rico on the transport Manitoba, under date of August 8th : " This is our third day out, and we will probably sight land after to-mor- row. We are now a thousand miles off the coast of Florida, off the Province of Matanzas, on the eastern coast of Cuba, heading between Hayti and Porto Rico. We have had three of the finest days imaginable, with the sea as smooth as glass, and until this A.M. without a breath of air, making the heat almost unbearable. ^ , a •• I think I told you wc started to load the transport last Tuesday, and continued without a break until Friday afternoon. Two mules were loaded THE PORio RicAN CAMl'AIGN. Cassel-nan came very near bei^^ ^ckecl in th"". Tu '^''^ ''^'^^^- ^ajo " We passed Old Poinf .^ ,7 ? *" ^^^"^ ^y « '""1^- cargo shirtc!:i decide^ to"' /r.tf, ;t:;? '-^'^ -^ ^o sea when the wthout danger. Sn.oking i p oh b fd 1^^ ^ '^^' ^^'^^h. in itself, was not -"nors of fires among the hay et ther w .' "^' ''^^ °"^ '^^ "^'^ --X quarters are in the slern. the best'o lacT tu ^"""''''^ "" ^^^'"P-de. Our ^i'e air is forced down by an ele ictnV '"^•'"''^ °' ^^^^ -er us '"ore tiers of stock below us a„7 [h ^ ^'"^ ^ '''"' ^^''■^^- There arc two unbearable. ""^ "'' ""'^ ^^e ammonia makes the place almost ,. Provisions Buried Beyond Reach. '"g. and water and feed the horses tl^ee tt. ' '^' '^'"^ ^^^^^ "^o^"- fare; nearly all the provisions are b ied indl' ""'m "f" "^ '°"" ^° ^ard we have had to be satisfied with a iSlecLfr .'"."'' ^°'^ ^>' '"'"'take; so -^ It meat The dirt and filth is b yo„d vtV ' •'"'' '''"' '°^ ^'■""- -I.ef at 6 o'clock this morning, whrl'^eachhT"'*""' "' ''^' ^ ^'■"'^■ turned upon us on the quarter Lk slve'al h ' ?'''" °^ ''^'^ ^^'t^'" been thrown overboard, and, i„ the evtro? th "" ' '^''' '""'^^ ^^^^ lose many more. ' *'''^"* ^'^ ^^^ ^^a getting rough, we will 'You should see our 'b-ob.*» wl." are in fi„,.ra,e condition ^ "" ""= '•^'■''" <■<"• ">°!« of u, -*: :::'!;r.t:: [r„,irs ^7..:"::-^ r ^". » -"= - » ^- THE PORTO RICAN CAMPAIGN. ^ III! 300 .peed between Hayti and Porto Rico through the Mona Parage, and are now bridge and had a fine sleep. J'/*^^;"^' ^^^^Ly take us several days t. felt first-rate the whole voyage. I ^'l' P "°^^ ^ ^^ ^ ^alf of the dock. unload, from the fact that we -"-' ^^^.f ^'^"j; "^a^k Will write anothn '« Will seal this letter now, as a boat is going bacK. ^at«''' Hard Aground Off Shore. ,«^R We -ire hard aground a mile from shore and three ., ;''"'ton; XT wc- e t inner harbor crowded with transports, miles from Ponce, where wc sec i monitors. The city togetherwiththeCoun, .a C - -^^^^^^^ .he base o< a of Ponce seems to be a large place aoo .^^^^^ house. A large uovcriui b .hnuld a verv bad storm come m> off. Our boat is poundmg frightfully, »";?.''''"" ,;;^'J^„„„t „et off by the the stores would be in a ^^I'^^^^^^'Zr.lyZZlL. Mr. W»e«er all salt ; the horses and mules in an awful condition. The weather and very damp at night. .^ ^^^^ j^ ^^^ „^ ^^ ^Htc. "The boat is pounding sj i.ara isi— •- »- , r Will write you as soon as we land ashore." CHAPTER XVIII. Victorious March of Our Soldiers tn q t S??^:^ CORPORAT • . "*'"" *° ^«" J"«n' Porto Rico. San Juan: ^ ^^"P^'" pcn-p.cture of the „,arch to " My Dearest Mother • n c. are now in sight of the Spanish lines ' VwLff P '°"^ '"^•''^'^ ''^ °-er. VVe marched about nine miles It was something r'' ^''"'^''>' ^^ "°°"- •'^"'' of the day. and you can imagine how the Z ^'' '' '' ""'' ^"^^ '" ^'^ ''-' the town that was burnt down by the ba„d ts 'V "^ "^^^ P^^^'"'^ ^'--«'' S.oooof them scattered through the mo . ^°"^"°^^ ^here are 4.000 or enemy we have to keep on thewtu f^ ?% ^'"^ ^^^ '-">' ^'-^ o^y started to pour down rain so we .n7 , {"'* "' ^' ^^''"^'^ ^'"'^ town .^ After it was over we starred o„ ^ '"" *^^' ^"^ ^'^^^^^^ ^^ <=ouId find "As most of the bridges are Mm ^ over ,h= streams the best „!y we col tnZu', "°™ ""=>'• ""= '""' '"> e« rained so hard that tl.ey were swollen ^;h ""' '° ""-•• Well, it had hard time to get through the w^e h '"'"""="■ "^""1 'i^- VVc had a very "" '"/.itur m '" °"' '^^y-^'^"^ot":^- ""' "'"■ ^'"" " ''^'' '° -ur first rp™.g'pire for t'he"„rh[°re » """' "7"' ""=' "'"" « «^"ck "IS piteh dark. We did i,ot ho.h , ?'' ""'>' '''==«' "■'•1' Mgue It and blankets o„ .he g™„d and c^t l'^ ''T ""' '"" P"' °" P°-'« consisted of a cup of black cZ wfth so!?h l' "u '"" ""■• '"PP"' «'l--" >vas in the morning, some beans and coffee a„d.hr',"= had that day the next morning we started ,„=• T ' ' ^"PP" ' "^P^k of Earlv *■''' «'• ^ ""'^'^ ">' «B<>">s. we bringing up the hea.: t*:erh:dth?:e;fxrthf 7^" "■=' '-' -™pp'- f- *= ,%s. When our company was Zt„rH, !; °°°°' ""' "">"'<' "'"= 'wo rested Tnd ha' a J camp where we are now earlv in .h- i- ,u u -ncj nau a lace Dreakfast. After tha^ «,« .,, u'j" "■"'"'"g, then fitter that we marched on to see if we could 307 '^1 IM II THE MARCH TO SAN JUAN. 308 „„„„.al F. and I tried .o climb on= b". we go ..red ^^^^^ "''r°rTr;:pel":r„':X .L\fdf fteuld S.a.es. I an, ;':^d e^urerl^M^ rite^'wrr^p a„d ™Used ™. di„„e. a„d ; .2eoost waiting to be sent on. The wagon goes into Ponce to-day, :rttisTeTe/wt;Sit. Wlth^uchlovetoalUnddon'tworry. Your ^°''"i¥e'l;nsylvania soldier wrote as follows from Porto Rico: " I have a u rrj^r^rthe letter that I promised in my last postal. It is not the firs timTra^ r^hldtsure-h^eavens Knows we have enough of that-but ritv o ChesS Since I have met other regiments here I have come to the Sfeflfatw were not worse off than they ; but. at the time, .t seemed a per- fe h We had on board two hundred mules and they traveled second dLs; we had twelve hundred men, and we traveled steerage. Too Bad for Mules. <' One of the officers was asked why the relations were not changed-the u krmules in the hold. 'Why,' said he, naively, 'the animals men above,, the mules m »he ^° J' j^^j ^ut, really. I en- "°"'.' f ndTew fit on it f we hThad Jlittle more to eat and drink, I E;;;;rbS:;-^lnted. As^reatin.— ^^ ^X^z::z::zl^:^otL^-^^^^ of the. THE MARCH TO SAN JUAN. 309 :li^2:^: I'tr^s ^^.r-nxr. "^" - ""-'-■ ^-"^ *- .ea that was running, and found ou,S'v " t a'c2ctton"!fT" ' Vk%'°''«'' called Porte de Ponce. Here we found rtjMr'?o,f'' ''''''*"«'' red-striped artillery, the yellow cavalr/a d fhe Xe 2^^"^ ""i; was a pleasL:e to see our fellow-citizens ■ it m.^. r , ^ ^''^^ " home. The natives were hospirable !„ ' L f T " """' """'"'S>''y ^ the opportunity offerrd ^ ^*'' °"'^ ""=>' """M "-eat whenever tifui i^"Trz::s'::^i„:"':r;theT,r'' '" "'■" '°'"'^'' '*^ ^ "==- a soft bree.c. All arou:d r.tTugfea hi "re ^^T ""^ ^^'"^ '' tain chain that formed .he horizon^on th a"d ide and fh' ' Tr tropica sounds. Nothintr r„„u k ■ ' """ *^ ""■ ""s f"" "i qufcHy stifled our fea of fever '"°''' T""*^= "°""'"S '^'"'W •<"= "-"e Nobody thought to notee thaT L "'°" '"^'"""^ ''^'' '"""''"■"' ""'ion- level of^the r!ad, Ld that t er .a Z^^ """"'r '""= f=^' "^'"■'^ *= ever, we bivouacked the . The leraTd '^'■°'' '." 't' "'•'"''"'■ ""»'■ instructions about keeping off the gZd_. ham "\ *''"[.'' «"' """"" feet above the ground ' ground- hammocks must be swung three or«;:::d:Tr!:-r;^^rger,^^^^^ blankets and lay down on our DonrfoT nr ' "^ ourselves in our during the niglf, and thar^adr e Ln"^^^^^^^^^^^ before it rained the right was charnung. ''"^"'"'"'' ^ ''"^^ ^^^ward. But A Camp "Drunk." all of a sudden therelr^to™ from ,h°"%f'; ? *'^ ^"^ ""'" ""' "h^" shrieks, . Take it a Jay Ta°ke i faTay "^ F;' G° ' r", *= ""^^ ^^""'^^^ .here was the sound of runl7^ i: ," /t't IV"^'' ^"^ must be wrapped up with a s„ake!-and so hew/, b„, ,t J ""'• ?= own head. ^*' °^^ '"« snake was in his «o'c-ockbef.e.w;t:d':Utas^-— ^^^^^^^^^ 310 THE MARCH TO SAN JUAN. camp awake for an hour or so while they were injecting morphine into him. Finally, by gagging him and drugging him, they succeeded in getting him fairly quiet. I mention this to show the way the men rush for drink. The result was a camp like a madhouse for a day or two. " I was saying that it rained that night. In the morning it poured, and in half an hour that beautiful camping ground worked up into a clay swan p of the worst kind. Had the rain lasted, as it will in a week or so, for days at a time we should have been up to our waists in water. As it was we were over our shoe tops. It was two days before anybody knew what it was lo be dry. Then the swamp stunk like a pestilence, and I gave about a week for the whole affair to turn into a fever hospital. Of course the officers knew all this, and doubtless were doing their best to get us out of the hole into which some one had run us, and to-day we move to what is said to be a much better place for a camp. " Yesterday I obtained a pass and went with a comrade back to the town of Ponce. We ' struck ' a native Porto Rican who had traveled in the States, and was full of enthusiasm for everything appertaining to them. He was a poor patriot, a newspaper man, who had been under the Spanish ban for some time. When he remarked that peace had been declared, he sighed. The pleasure of seeing the Spaniards thrashed was too great a treat— he couldn't bear to have it over. As for fighting, we shall probably see more of it. There is still skirmishing, but we are so far back of the line that nothing short of a miracle could expose us to any danger— all of our dangers are internal." Might Be the Last Letter. A letter from Dwight L. Rogers, of Northampton, Mass., who was in charge of the Young Men's Christian Association tent with the Sixth Massa- chusetts volunteers in Porto Rico, is full of interest. It was dated Guanica, Porto Rico, July 31st, 1898, and said: " Last Sunday when it was learned that General Miles would give our regiment the honor of leading the invasion we got one of our boxes of paper out of the hold. Stationery was very scarce, 25 cents being offered for an envelope. When we distributed ours free and broke the corner the price fell. The boys each knew that it might be the last letter he would ever write, and it seemed as if every man in the regiment made up his mind to improve the opportunity. , r , a " This is a great grazing country, apparently hundreds of cattle and horses being kept within a few miles hereabout. All the better class of na- , . ,^ ,._i._ J r».,- j-rtr^rp'ocanr rlpnarfrnpnt has kpnt the armv tives seem to oc muumca. v^-ui comn ^ — i— — r — supplied with fresh beef, and the troops have fared very well here, compara- THE MARCH TO SAN JUAN. .. , ,. 81] I have been messing with Comnanv T /r other troops here, except companies dS (f-ZT^'h '"^ ^'">'' "'^^ ^'- Ponce. I did not go because'al f cHitLs for^f '"''^^'.^^^^ "^°^^^ °" ^^ pack mules, were impressed into the se Jice f I ^P^''^''^"' °^ *^^"^« -"^ commander in charge of transportation I ! government. The brigade stuff over soon. iLe not ^1 ^on T ol"h' '''' '^ "'" ^^^ ^^ ^^ '^^ ' others going on to Ponce with the .girlftal sLff^^ "" ""^°^'^' ^^-' ^^^ not unLaded"^ A^^ t::^'^^^ ^ T.''' °^--' ^^^ ^ tent from the Sixth IHinois regiment ? ' '° ^°''°^^^ ^ ^"^^^ ^-" Lt is fortunate I had it for Frfdav " t h V^^''' '° ^' '^'^ *° ^^^""^ ^t later, sheltered me and rny'JZ^J^^^;^^^^^^^^^ it not onl. Lieutenant Colonel Chaffin out som„ „f Vu . ' ^'"''P'^'" Dusseualt and in there for shelter. ThflatL" MpT::^ 'r *'"«^' »^ -» - «--'ves, here, Ltd'^Lfr .rcjt; .ft: '"'":'" -- '^^ ■■- — ^ our camps again, this r.^Un^tV^T^riZ'^^::' l^'"'' ^= =''»8^'' '• •■ 7^™^ ha • " b"'= '""'^ *e1-l oVtt" p,*:.""' •">'=^' - " - °" camp, unLdtag 3tt,^sXV,ha^tLlave°td3°'''''°'' ""'^^ "'^"K'"^ I have been able to help some of them here I ho" T"' '" "'^^P' ^" cided to serve the Lord since we lanH^ !' ^^^ °"'= "' '»"> '«« d=- - his service. One boy cTrae in and w'Th """' """"^ '° '"' "o'" '>'*'"' Y. M. C. A. boys in the Zpi al He "" '° '" ""' "' *= "'"^kburg player, I believe- Cairns by' me-anj" ', 'T '""''= ^°<' ''-'«=' "^^ lung trouble. I hope to see himto-day ' "•"'""'•"'' '" ''='<' ^hape with place'; f zt ii •: "cX^ny B^^Taitrr '" '""*°"' -^ -- °"-- able to have some sort of a se'rvt hel to dav V^'T ' ""^ '° "= gious service since July 3d. '"^" "^^^ had no reli- Fired On Prom Ambush. rmr„s:rr:cro„r::o~^^ wa,s, only two men were wounded --? "'^ ^""" ""* *° P'^^^S- As it .a^e his „ec, and a„„ther-a .:^^:^;: Sro" h hllL^t' 812 THE MARCH TO SAN JUAN. back of his jugular vein. He is now here in my tent feeling pretty well, though, of course, lame and sore. " The natives are very friendly. They are glad of deliverance from Spanish rule. As I sit in my tent here I see in front one of the soldiers giving a group of some twenty-five natives the " setting up " drill, much to the enjoyment of the boys. In the rear is a native cabin, perhaps twelve feet square. It is a frame structure, sides covered with rough boards, and thatchc d with palm leaves. In the rear is an open shed of poles roped with palm leaves also. This shed is used for cooking. " Instead of a stove a rough stand is made of poles. This shed is about four feet high, and stones are placed on it. Among these stones the fire is made and the food cooked. The houses all stand on posts from three to six feet above the ground. Most of the houses on the main street are roofed with corrugated iron, a few shingled, the rest tiled. Some of the houses are very good, and nicely painted both outside and in. Pigs, chickens and naked children roam through the camp unmole.sted and apparently at home. After the children are five years old or so they are all dressed. "The men wonderfully appreciate the stationery part of our work, and over and over I have heard it said : ' The best thing the association ever did. The thing that has done me the most good, though, has been the heartfelt thanks of these soldier boys for the spiritual help they have felt from our A Chaplain's Impressions. Rev. Geo. A. Knerr was chaplain of the Fourth Pennsylvania regiment in Porto Rico. Upon his return, he preached at Lebanon. He said, in the course of his remarks : "The hand of God caused the destruction of the Armada, and surely the Almighty's power has been shown in our struggle with the haughty Spanish nation— a war for civilization and the uplifting of men and women. And now let us send men to our new possessions armed with the gospel of Christ. Porto Rico was characterized by all the tropical magnificence of God's won- derful works. How we rushed to the sides of the vessel when the mountain scenery burst on the view. And yet how sad we felt, for one of our number was dead. The rich soil, the salubrious climate, the trade winds blowing from the east, and the prolific growth of its products make this island wonderful "We had sickness among us because we were compelled to camp m the lowlands and swamps. We could not move higher, for the flag of truce for- bade it. The inhabitants are of five classes-the original Indian of a high ^, _i 4.u» P^rtr. Rjran small of stature, vet of a docile tvue. the negroes ui t,U:-~~, in^, r...u. ivi — i.. ^, , , ir t, temperament the French people and the Spaniards. The latter'^ selfisk THE MARCH TO SAN JUAN. ana;;t3:ir^e:iT.SX^^ ''■"•■ »d .h. Hpened r™i. Fruit grows all the lear rou„r t1 „' „ TTT '°°' "' *= '""'" Masses, are docile and affectionate, but the Porto p!! ' V'"' ''""'""' '''"■ »"<< Spanish assessments are despotic The sLn ? i'.""' "'^P»>'''-' ""^ ">» h-g. The oxen are magniLn 5^^^ "'"" """">' '^''^ ^--V- *:."■ '"'•f "J"^' ^eem to plead agaS tt^'t ' «"« *'•==<' °f horns, and natrves have them under control ^ *' ""^^'y """gh's they carry. The ;He i:;Z::rr:::.^ rt^ -- -- -e„ .e a., ^oop appea.. on torture were common; there were even sn^tV '"^^'"'"ents of Spanish woman; speaking of rehgion iTJorll "' '"'^^"^'"S ^^e form of a was the same with marrifge" the rfcl cond 7 r^" *° '* ' ^^'^^ *^^ -h. It hadnone. It was the sal'even "u^^^^^^^ the poo were treated was disgusting. Let I L„ " r ^^^r^"'" ' '^' ^^^ "^^ Poor a rehg,on which shall be ffee for III andTo "f f" ^'°^'^ ^"^ '"-^'-te ' ^""^ "°* "'^^^ ««P«cialIy for Spaniards." j^.j '^° ^* a Square Meal. -;P^^•;'?h:LSprc;trp:rr1^^-^^^^^ I am on pass from o o'clock a m\ ' ° ^'"^^^ ^' ^^"ows: having been obtained by virtue of the facV hat f. ° ''°'' "^ ^^ ^^'^ P-« of guard duty lasting twenty-four hours W. ^'^' •""'' ^^'"P^^^^d ^ tour are ent.tled to a pass for six and a half h;urr A """ '°'"' ^^^^^^^ ^^'^ we permission to leave camp. ^°"''- ^ P^''^' by the way, is written town!'sittt!d"l?h';hVsal"aTR^^^^^ " ^ ^"^'^ ^''^ ^ ^^e center of the ^elphi. In the middle oHhe flT^^^^^^^ Moonsh architecture, much reLmbW " ' '"'^' •"'""^ °P^" building of there are tables and chairs, an^^t "^"177" ',r' ^^^"^' '" ^^-^ The square or plaza is filled with banvan f ^ "f''"'"' ^°^^ '^'"<>"ade. modern object within range of mv vt . f '"^ Palmettos. The only 'vay refrigerator. ^ °^ "^^ ^'^'°" ^^ the present moment is a Ridge^ ~" ' A c^nlrofl^^^^^^^^ '■" I'^^ P-«Pective visit of the closed the sum total of gnScT^ ^u """^^ *^''"" "'^ht before last d.s buttons and a pi., J^ C- ^^ ^'"''''' ^5.97>^ American M^ree^' ,^ company, with ^3.05 Spanish. ^ *•" "^°"' *^^ ^^^^thjest man in the i 314 THE MARCH TO SAN JUAN. '. I have loaned various small sums throughout the company so expect to be a bloated capitalist after pay day. I do not wish to boast of my good health, but I can only say that so far I could not have w.shed for better, and yet we have the reputation of being the most neglected and worst taken care of regiment that has landed on the island. "S received a letter from his home last n.ght. Oh, how much these letters from home mean to us, and how many fond thoughts of these same homes, with their dear inmates, come to the soldier boy. when far away " i am now going around to get a good square meal, for which I shall pay 75 cents Spanish money {n% cents American). It has just ramed here. When it rains a cloud comes drifting along in a lazy sort of fashion, and when it catches you in an exposed position, it simply turns inside out and g.ves you a bath It is a very cheap and effective system of free bathing, and it enables the naiives to keep clean without much effort. I must have that dinner, so ^"""^The following is a copy of a letter from a non-commissioned officer in the U S. Volunteer Engineer corps, a graduate of the University of Pennsyl- vania, who was for over a year engaged in railroad work in Mexico : Climate and Temperature. '♦ To-day we are having it decidedly hot-98° in the shade-wind, with a stineine rain every few moments : some indigoish, cyclonic-looking banks of clouds have just broken on the mountains, and a strong sea is running °"*"" We have about 220 men out of 1 100 sick, mostly with diarrhoea and remittent fever, caused at this season by the condition of the water, and helped out by the U. S. Commissary Department. My own health has been pretty good though I take quantities of quinine and muriatic acid, and eat but htUe. for I cannot go the salt pork and bacon constantly served out, and frequently condemned and buried before cooking. The mildest campaigning on the coast in August, is no child's play, and when it comes to marching with heavy order-forty pounds strapped on, the labor is very severe. " The nights are slightly cooler now, and after twenty days lying on the ground at night, we are getting in board floors to the tents, which keep us off the earth. Fortunately we get in food from outside, such as milk, bread and eees, at high prices, through native children. j ,u 1 ..1 " The administration of the island will remain for the time under the local Porto Rican Jefes (chiefs) and Alcaldes, supervised by military chiefs from our ^^n,y We are now a part of the American Provisional Army." and addressee in orders as such. THE MARCH TO SAN JUAN. 315 season .he cf^afota ,1" irfor.rsi:::'""^ " T ',",= ^°"" " •^'' lery going through the mountains me" Tol, amf f '""''' '''" ""-' '"'''- =l.at dries as hard as concrete whiTe th„ T ^T P'""""'' ""«■ " "'"''I .heinrantr.havehadonX.dtl^'ntXtr'thr::;::^.'!^- '""'^ "' Garretson's Official Report Duri:Jrx™oo:tr^t.°^;?::i? ^''^' """■"" ■■ "•■-• '» - - staff officers and Maior VV r h!^ ?1 ''J"<'"°'"»'^a'":e with two of my and trails leading It of tlfe v^ir' . f'T °'''° ^'''•'''■^' "f "-e roads .alley runs „ear,rnr:i7s::i;;:„:''faBt:?i,::,.de""?;;- '"' mountains on either side nhnnt ^r^ r . i.- , . ^'°^- There are can.p Ualowra„gron.it r^nX",:? o to^ tTJ'^' "°'" *"= sxnttrTunsr^T''^^^----^^^^^^^^^ A.ong,he„o^rtht;:rvane;^::tI"rordfotar-"= ^"^ ^- '="■"»• valley.tldTwTerefXrornrd tnd ^^^^^^^^^ T^^' ^ '^^ r-Li:ct?at:;t.!r^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ one mile by one and a h^]r mJi J- °^ ^" °^^^ P'^n^, about .y w^nis a d :p- 1 ^" rr r^"- - - -- - -e ofrrrt:iri:rBr.X'::i^rt:r- "^^-'=^ '^--" •- :t:X^:^err:ar=^^^ the early action. A banana fi^M I''' r"""""« '^ ''='"=■ «» ""^ »«"= °f covered with chapalr.o thttelr "" " '"' ^''= °"''' '"^^ """ "^ "'". arord'ed'';vL°:'of'i;'e°„"aeTe''^^t "-^ """-f^-'- «"'""'"- '^ ^''-"O. .■a.of one company of Sh ,„ti: rretol'^ "^^ ""'""^'^ -"-'■ i" co.sid'eXl*er: ;?Hte7:c;yT ^'^ Tr°'' •'" "" -'-y Sixth Massachusetts as a re"se„e? " ° ° '""P'^^ of the THE MARCH TO SAN JUAN. 316 " During the night the enemy opened fire on the outposts, and thdr comma'^nder Lt in a^eport. which a.ived at camp a. --^^J^^ ^ ^ ^- m" "t C" Ha;er?:::roro Cr:f;%nf fil: con;panies ol... Sixth of the outposts, the -e-yje- ;^^^^ ^^ ^^^ the command formed for attack. Tte^^nypCrof fhetix^h Illinois remained on the hiU on ...ch the house of Ventura Quinones is situated, and protected our nght flank "The remaining companies were collected, two as support and three as reserve A tr advancing to within 200 yards of the plam of the Hacenda SanrDecl^'ra, the adva'nce guard . f our attacking force was^-ov-d^y the enemy who opened fire from a position on the h.ll to the west, i ic Itth and';a:t slop'es of this hill intersect each other,^orm.ng a o^^ It was along this angle that the enemy was posted. The reserve, postta in 1 rid tadfng from'the Hacienda to the east, also opened a strong fi. on ''' ' • A body of the enemy moved against the company on our right. Con,- r S II inois stationed on the hill of Ventura Quinones. Th,s Tm'pan; tf e^n^dlhemselves during the night, and after reputing . Attacking 'orce. directed their fire against the enemy on the hill to the west. Enemy Driven from the Hill. "This conformation of the ground was such that the fire of the enemy's rese Jand party on the left was ,^^-^^:::7^ Ttl^-g^rsTd^o^C^^^^^^^^ he reserves caused a momentary confusion among he troops, They war norarilv silenced the fire from that direction. ^"Ou advance guard of two companies, ignoring the enemy on the M First Cavalry A, against the reserves of the ^^^^V- JJ\' ^"PP ^^ , romn;inv of the reserves, under the direction of Captain L. G Berry cnarge -^\::x o„ .he we. of .- .« « .h; --xt: "i: THE MARCH TO SAN JUAN. ' 317 Ames, of the Sixth Massachusetts. ' " The enemy were driven from the hill and retired to the valley, disap- pearmg behmd the Hacienda. The reserves of the enemy ceased fiHng and retired. It .s supposed that they had retired to the Hacienda, as this house was surrounded on the sides presented to our view with loophole walls. The troops on the h. 1 were collected along the road. A reserve of three con,- panies was established at the intersection of the road to Yauco. The two compamesMn advance which were deployed wheeled to the left and advanced hrough the cornfield on our right. The remainder of the command deployed and advanced to the Hac.enda. enveloping in on the left. It was then dis- covered that the enemy had retired from the Hacienda in the direction of Vauco. along cleverly concealed lines of retreat. "As the object of the expedition was considered accomplished, and in obedience to instructions received from Major-General Miles, no further pur- suit was undertaken. The battalion of recruits of the regular army under Captain Hubert reported for orders, having heard the firing, but were not needed, and were returned to camp. T '7^^ ^Z""^ °^ ^^^ ^"^""^ ^"^^Sed in the battle consisted of Battalion 6^'TtZ'ZT^ '^' ^^'"''^ "■"'^' '""^ '°'"" volunteers, in all about " The casualties on our side were four slightly wounded. After the occu- pation of Yauco the casualties of the enemy were found to have been one wounded ' °"' '°''"''''' ^'"'''' ""^^'''" '"■'^"''y ^"'^ thirty-two slightly A Staff Officer's Story. The following letter from an officer on General Brooke's staff describes the march of the latter across the island of Porto Rico to join his colleagues on the evacuation commission: " We left Guayama September 3d, and rode to Cayey. some seventeen es across the mountains. We traveled over the milita^: road connecting th two places. It is a splendidly built and well-kept highway, showing ex client engineering both in location and construction. Time and money have been 'av-shed on it. and eveiything has a most finished look. It is a macad- m T. .' "' t^^nty-five feet in width, thoroughly drained and graded. It winds and turns through the mountains behind Guayama in a son r T^^r T^' ^'"''"""^ approaching the summit, which it reaches some SIX miles by the road from the centre of the town is obZT '^T ^u'"' ' ^'''""■'""' ^''"' °^ '^' ^""^y °f Guayama and the ocean obtained, and. what was most gratifying to us, cool and refreshing breezes. THE MARCH TO SAN JUAN. 318 ''"'*°lff:;ctS'wa;°fig.«i» parte, , ha road our men would have " In torung tncir way b r Soanish posit ons were •-7 r'"'°X'wre''r'.:nac -b:^o,:['he?o:d.and^.wo,,>dha.e dtourso the hafdet kind of climbrng to have outflanked , hen,. '^Z^^ t^s cut out ofthe - -he — . w.h^P— _, r; tt"foaTirW ?„= rlu flat .paees, where a gun or two "''"' wl^Geltrslke started to move against Cayey, on August n'X When Oenerat r, ^.^^ two n,ountam guns, there were about 600 Spamsh mM y ^ ^^^^ ^^ |.^^_^._^^ ,^^_,_ in these entrenchments^ mL. WaX n doing it and would have occupied back .0 Cayey. wo"f„ ^,t„':^ "T^Lare numerous bridges and culverts rgrr::it4:rd.dou.^^^^^^^^^^^^ rvehic^col^r We^n; Sr an eartLn barricade in t.e ro. beyond the damaged bridges. ImpreBSion of Spamsh Soldiere. ..Beyond the top of the n.ountain we ^^^l^::^:!, „here we found '•>- -"PJXst:nt:e " ndrndl^pt'ed, after „.„. t;iIr:f';h-"Seedr:fourway. The Spanish soldier. Impress. "^T^l;;rors::n''b:s;:i"eUrmtbut they are generally well set u, Ihey looK smdii r^, K„5;npss Thev wear a uniform— blouse bright and alert, and 00k -^J^ „^-7--,,, :^I„, ,„, facing,, but „i.„ and trousers— of a bright nomespu ^^^^^ brass button, -^ -"" 7^"" Vkft ,2 Ihe^a:^ armed wi.l. the hat, wide brim and a cockade on the len siae, y Mauser and short knife-bayonet. ^^^. " The rartrid-es are carried in a c^:p in bunches of five, and tnese ;X',-:r it:tr-'rj :rr- ri- i-S.- THE MARCH TO SAN JUAN. 3,9 to our black leather trimmines For thr- f^^f ,u soles. Many, however, had on black 'ea^^^Vsh """ T"" "'"'"'^'^ "'"^'^ '°P^ understand they are all min who h!v ? ?'''''-"^ ^^'^^^ ^^ "^'-•" .• -"^'. I "^^ •- ^i- ~ ^=- --r "'°^^- ^'"^ (-arda oJiTI:: 2Z ^ij^lj,^^^^^^^^ -"' ^- ^8 to ..but the uniform is similar to that Tthe 1^ .' '"\^°°' appearance. Their Thev carry the Remington r fle w7h he old';' v ' °' ^ ""^■^^^>' -•°••• brass-coated bullets in the cart rid^er W f ^'^'^f *"°"'^ ^"y°"^^' «"d use both foot and mounted ^ ^' ^°""^ ''^^"^ «"-""g ^^ong the road, Hospitably Received by the People. At Cayey we were liospitablv receiver? K„ fK vided with quarters in the town tT ^ '''"'""*' ^"^ ^^"-^ P'-o- there, but the officers kept inThe backerornd ' T^'"^ "[ '"° °' '"'"^"^^y for the manufacture of cigars Sundav L c ^^'^ " '^' P""'^'?^' P°'"t main military road betwefn Ponce and sTnTua'^' T"'" ''''' "^ *°°^ *^- where we were again most hospirab;'^ret:vX Th r^^ts"^ ^"^ '''-" town by an aide of the Caotain r,Z^^, .'u ""^ "'^' °'"^'''e of tl,e Brooke and his Personal S^e^r/o^ird ITh'" ^='^'^--«- General Captain General, which is loca^d a, R,o Srls ''"""'" ""*"'^ "' '"^ •hid. ru„s between Rio TiedrT../l , f ' °" ""= ""™ "•^'""y *fed up Admiral S hley and r,„ ^ ."' ^t the Hotel Inghterra we 0" call was entire yfomal and r?.,''""' ""'' ** ''^'P""'^^ ^"-T^- party returned to Rfe Piedr"s ihe , t °°''' =" ''" '"'"'""■ ^o^t of the «™d .0 a few business mates and : "T"' "'" ''°""' "' "^ -"-'-"^^i *° *-est dinner we have j:r;i:^ra:,rNe:;o"rtN^::?l= "•'' "^^ CHAPTER XIX. Story of the Gallant Fight of Our Army and Navy at Manila. HE fate of Manila lay in Admiral Dewey's hands from that May day, when the destruction of Admiral Montojo's fleet had so brilliantly inaugurated our war with Spain. He waited, however for reinforcements, in command of Major General Wesley Mn ritt It would have been easy for him to reduce Manila to ashes, and shdi its defenseless citizens; much easier still would it have been subsequently for the insurgents to indulge in barbarous retaliations on their helpless ene- mies and give way to excesses which, with the limited force at his disposal, he would have been utterly upable to quell, and for which, none the less, he would have been held responsible by the European powers whose local in- terests were at stake. , . ^, The first expedition under Brigadier-General Greene, reached the Philippines on June 30th. after taking possession, on its way, of the Ladrones. a group of some 20 islands with an estimated population of lo,ooo, lymg 120c miles east of the Philippines. A second instalment arrived on July 17th. and a third under General McArthur on the 31st General Greene havmg mean while taken up a position within rifle range of Malate, a suburb of Manila. and called it " Camp Dewey," a name to conjure with. The arrival of the third expedition filled the Spaniards with rage, and they determine,] to give battle before Jamp Dewey couU! be reinforced. The trench extended from the beach, three hundred yards to the lefl flank of the insurgents. .,.,,,• l Sunday being the insurgents' feast day and their left flank having been withdrawn the American right flank was left exposed. Here was an oppor- tunity not to be despised. Companies A and E. of the Tenth Pennsylvania, and Utah Battery were ordered to reinforce the right flank. In the midst of a raging typhoon, with a tremendous downpour of rain, the enemy's force, estimated at 3000 men, attempted to surprise the camp. Our pickets were driven in and the trenches assaulted. The fight in the trenches south of Malate, on the night of Sunday, July 31st which cost the Pennsylvania troops so dearly, began by the usual eve- ning firing by the Spaniards, and continued against the Americans just as it !.„ ! h..»n kept upasainst the insurgents, when only /ilipinos occupied the trenches. The Americans, regardless of personal danger, replied, as they 320 THE FIGHT AT MALATE. Manila. that May et had so i, however esley Mci I, and shtli ibsequently :lp!ess ene- lis disposal, the less, he •e local in- cached the ; Ladrones, , lying I20C ly 17th, and ving mean I of Manila, h rage, and forced. The flank of the laving been is an oppor- ennsylvania, )our of rain, e the camp. lunday, July e usual eve- ms just as it Kcupicd the ied, as they 891 always did. standing up and exposing themselves fearlessly so as to m .ke thcrfire more effective. The Spaniards shot more accu LX n , and the Americans suffered largely from the sharpsTooLr: " '" ""'''' whic^^r^^itsrLt^r ^,:!:;^t c^'^" ': '-'-' carload,, of dead soldier, hauled into I.>„,^a '" '"" ""' 1 he battle was precipitated apparently by the eaffer desire „f ,1, . P sylvania,,, to get into action. Whe , the n,e„ Lot ,„ T , , , "' Bre wa. harmless and merit. ' no reply T le it, rn' T "", '*'"'"''"' the trench and the Firs. Nebraska ^^o,:"!!' ^:^^;:':::::i'^:;!Z Ti:rr'deXr.^7Lith^:v:ts\r.hH^ lively fire »:,h their j-inch guns, and the 00,0^0 oy'ltT; TZ: --i-:.::'h-t"zutn"„-,:t"^-----^ Our First Advance. r<..wrrd\r.LTe*:heTi:Lih^?°''-'K'^ ^"''•"'" °" "- «"' -"« first battah^'V/cat^nla" r„ ta eT\h tr aT Tarn:' 't':''" '" Anderson afterward named Camp Dewey o„tZ^ had he ' ,",?""'' 1 .riy somewhere near the insurgent lilf' wLe„ he r I ^ ""' "«"- tocan-pwith the other battalions o ha Rrst Ca, fo™a°Th ""="/"-=-« «« also and eot into the tro„hl. , ,"\'^'"' California they sent outposts I 322 THE FIGHT AT MALATE. as they were reported to have done that night the Colorado men turned out the whole camp. . , "So General Greene sent to Aguinaldo, in General Merritts name, and asked to have the insurgents restrained from stirring up the Spaniards every nieht The high firing sometimes dropped shells and bullets among our out- posts* and it wasn't a good thing anyway to have another force between us and our enemy. So the insurgents were withdrawn from their outposts all along our front, clear over to Pasai, as the maps have it, or Pineda, as the people call it, and on Friday our troops were sent forward to take their p ace. " It was the lot of the Colorado men first to take position directly in front of the enemy. Two battalions went forward under Lieutenant-Colonel McAvoy and the third battalion was held in reserve. Colonel McAvoy saw at once that the old insurgent trench was untenable. It was in a bad place easily nanked, and there was good cqver in front of it. Beyond the right end there was thickly wooded country, through which the enemy could make an advance with good chance of escaping observation. Colonel McAvoy deeded to advance the line to the old Capuchin Chapel, which stood m the middle of the field in front of the old insurgent trench. He looked over the ground with his engineers and then laid out the line of the intrenchment. Digging Under Fire. "It was I o'clock in the afternoon when the men went to work on the ditch It had been raining pretty steadily for a week, and there were heavy sQualls at frequent intervals that afternoon, but most of the time the Spaniards had an entirely unobstructed view of the Americans and what they were doing, Thev took note of it occasionally in a disinterested sort of way by sending a Mauser bullet down now and then to investigate. The messengers were almost all very high and no damage was done to our men, who kept at work. undisturbed by the desultory shooting. The Colorado boys had the making of a good breastwork done when they were relieved in the morning by the First Nebraska regiment. • i . ♦•The ditch, trench, outwork, or whatever you might call it. was simply a lot of dirt piled up in a line that ran at right angles to the beach and the mam road to Manila-Camina Real- and extended across the 250 yards, more or less, between them. It crossed fairly open country, on ground tha is reason- ably called high for that locality. It is level and perhaps six feet above the ea hTghest ju'st at the beach line. A line of bamboos fringe the east side of the'camina Real and a similar line runs all along the^edge of the bead. .' The Nebraska boys kept up their work on the breastwork all day Satur- day and the Spaniards paid them no more attention than they had paid to the THE FIGHT AT MALATE. Colorado boys the day before. The Nebraska n, parapet, n^aking two ditches, the dirf r/'ttTorH , ? '°^'^''^^ '' '^^ long pile that gradually rose to a he, j t If ne ^ "^ '' '^''^ ''^^'-^P^^ °" the Behind the parapet the'ditch wa^ a,adt Jde bJ^sh:;.'" "' ^1! ^'°"^ *^^ "- not stand in it. Vain hope! Water wT I !. ^ u""' '° ^^"' ^^t^-* ^^ould that field after such rains a's we!^: hav'g l. " ' '°°' *"^'^ ^"^^^-^ on The Old Capuchin Chapel. and shells have wreeked i, almost colt elv °n ''«'""' ''■'" """">' •>■"'«' south a wide hall runs through from tTf' '" "''="""' '"' '' """I' ""d began just north of the big dIutJe dooX „ ' .°" *= ■="" «"= '«"■=', straight to the road On the w«t on tV '^'"^ '°'° ""^ '"" ""d ran chapel at the north corner. EaT'h 'was 1. ""'=' '^ '"="* J«"«d *e chapal to the height of six or verf ef „„ t?«'"",*', "'"'" ^"^ "^ ""= barred windows, '' "P '° *= '=«! of the two iron- swijs^acrt tt^.^or^rytrorbetTt^^^^^^^^^ T ^^ ^^ ^^- such as the Spaniards used in Cavite to filfw.th rn\ """'.'^ '^ '" °'^ "'-^O"' ships as improvised armor. At the base of h J '".' P"' '" ''"^"^ ^^ ^hei; lieutenants. The guns of Batter; Aw™" ted I' H^T"'"'"''"'^*-^ about equidistant from it and the road R-,f,n° "«"" "' ""= *apel, -orthe Chapel, a little to the "e^f t of rC^rLXstrfr^ &^::^^rt«:^.i::i::-^^^^^^ of .he Philippine Islands. Priva.T W H IZilZT "' '" "" ""'"-' orado, was the man hit. His regiment had h^ "f Company K, First Col. oys at ,0 o'clock and was returj^ t„ . ' a/: '""' '^ ""= ''*"*- b» let that had been fired high came 5own he'road Ld7t ."'"'""^ ''""^ ' '" ''' ""-" •^'' "^'"^ '^'^ ''™- " -". -™'b;::r i?L'nVi::;'t':t' 324 THE FIGHT AT MALATE. much and did no serious damage. Sterling will soon be about his work again as if he never had been hit by a Spanish bullet. ^ . ^ , ^ " Saturday afternoon the report came over to Cavite that the Astor bat- tery had been moved up into the trenches, but it was a mistake. Ihe Asto, battery had no ammunition. When the Astors were landed from the Newporl there was a nasty surf running and their cascos could not get m to the beach. They waded ashore and dragged their guns through the surf Tneir ammu. rition was soaked. It had been bought as waterproof, but Captain March took no chances and examined one of the big brass shells^ He [0""^ that the water had got into it and turned the powder to mush. So he had the whole lot examined and found nearly all spoiled. The bad powder was taken out and thrown away and the Astors are now reloading their shells with powder given them by Admiral Dewey. Spanish Fire Gets Lively. "On Saturday night the Spaniards put a little more spirit into their work and peppered away in lively fashion. The breastwork was nearly fin- ished' and the Nebraska boys took no chances by trying to go on with thc.r work' at it Colonel Breitt had them all inside the parapet. They kept as sharp a lookout as was possible in the nasty night, and for the rest sat tight. making no reply to the Spanish fire. The result was that no one was hurt. They had thrown pickets out to their right, across the road beyond the ine of intrenchment. There was no effort to flank them, and the P'ckets had no work to do The Utah artillerymen tore up part of the floor of the old chapel and built platforms for their guns to keep them out of the mud and water as much as possible, and to make a comparatively easy place for landing them. "The embrasures were strengthened and closed up as much as possible, and when that was done the rest of the lumber was turned into shacks beside the guns, into which the young artillerymen from Utah crawled and went to sleep sheltered from the rain, and as little concerned about the Spanish bu lets as they were about the water, which fell in torrents from the unfriendly sk.es upon the Nebraska infantrymen. ^ , „ , • ,• , ,u, "On Sunday morning, July 31st, the Tenth Pennsylvania relieved the First Nebraska in the trench, and a new detachment of Utah men went up to man the four guns of their batteries. The men worked along that day com- pleting the parapet and strengthening it, and were undisturbed by the Span- iards who were hardly wide enough awake to keep up the desultory fire with which they had tried to annoy the Colorado and Nebraska men on the two ^"^^^'nThe Spanish trench is about 750 yards from that occupied by the THE FIGHT AT MALATE. 325 east ad ,„ ^ ^,^^.^^^ j. _^ ^^_^ °ut bey d te Cai"Re^'"\;'' *= sol,d-look,ng fortification, with plenty of rocks in ,!,„ ' " " with sandbags. In front of it, to «,e Tom , 1 stall cr I "'""''?• ""' '"PP*"" «.e low, s„a.p, field. A r'oad whil I^d Tl"l' rrit'the °c' °^" Real^crosses .h,s creek hy a stone Bridge, which has ^het' piUl,-,';::;: "About ISO yards in front of our trench a little strin nf f.u across the open field from the beach tn tU. ^ !'"'!. '*"P ^^ ^all grass runs yards runs the trench thlT u '''^'^' ^'''^^^' "°^'h about 150 'et. .ed a couple Tft^ ariThe"'^'' '' ''''^ '"^ '''"" ^^'^'^ ^^^^ >othbores at'work do:„ thT ro ^a 1 ttirrv'^f ''^" '^"^^^ °^ °'^ ^> trenches is low and level Ibout ^ C^' t" 'r"**^ ^^*^^^" ^^^ fairly open nearer the be ch is f^Il of buLh'"'T k ''' «^^^' ^^-^ is rkLT::!:;r'^rtrwtT^^^^^^^^^^ s»an.py,ti. few pa'dl M 's'atr °T T^r' "-^ =°""">' '^ '» -^ frontandtotheright'ofolpotCnthTfil f^^^^^ banana scrub. ,„ siderable scrub. There Z ^r^Z tt ''^ "P""' ■"" ">"' •' <="•'- -na across this fieiT t^iix^irr '1:;-^ -" Spanish Try to Turn Our Plank ston:s'''{wat'aXrlrv'""''V'^''' "■"= ='"^^""' "^ -ny contradictor, and ^orr<^\ZTs::::air xr::: irh t""'' Otders. is that tbe%;rni::rttXt°d"r a!k rrte^-T^r '" ?""'" It has one 6c, in ,ts support and there are two a« ^'' '"''' '= ""'■ •he end of the tren f The ' T . /v""-? '"""^ '" ""= ^a^ina Real at in. They had ble„ po'ste It fl^ f '^' J'"* ''-"'y'™"« »ere driven u,., '^ ' ''^^" P"™"" 'T the most part directly in front "f thf ir -»„;„, . but some of them were east of the road and ahead'^.f Vhe hne ^ ^ °'' The ^vo facts against this theoo- are, firs,, tha, the fire of ,he Spaniards 326 THE FIGHT AT MALATE. was very heavy and that most of it was by volley, which it could not have been from men scattered about in the scrub brush and grass ; second, that the outposts of the second platooon of Buttery K, Third United States Ailillery, were not driven in and did not ccme in until they were relieved at their station on Monday morning. This platoon of K Battery was stationed on the Pasai road in reserve. Lieutenant Kessler sent forward four or five Cossack posts — four men and a non-commissioned officer. These outposts were stationed to the right and ahead of our line, but through all the heavy firing of the night they made no report. No Spaniards came their way, a very singular fact if there was an effort to turn our right flank. Enemy Opens the Attack. "It seems much the most probable of ail the stories that this is what happened: The Spaniards, ha\^ing recovered from their lethargy of a few days, concluded to stir things up. They had not been stirred up themselves for several days. The insurgents had not been there to harass them, and our men had orders not to begin an engagement. The Spaniards must have known that the insurgents had been withdrawn from the trenches and that the Americans were in. There is no more resemblance between our trench and the insurgents' affair than there is between a clipper ship and a coal barge. " Accordingly, about lo o'clock on Sunday night, the Spanish fire took on a regularity which showed that there was definite intention and purpose somewhere in the camp. The bullets began to whistle about our fellows in droves. The guns at Malate opened up also, and their roar, the shriek of their shells, and the loud cracking report of bursting shells added to the other general evidence to the Pennsylvanians that they were under fire. The Spanish fire, heavy as it was, was harmless as long as they kept down behind the earthwork. But the Pennsylvanians could not resist the temptation to return the fire, and straightway the trouble arose. " It was a terrible night. Rain fell incessantly and in torrents. A fierce wind drove it across the fields and into the trench, under the little shelter the men had thrown up. A quarter moon struggled to force a little light through the heavy clouds, and succeeded only in making a ghostly glow through which all objects showed black and awful. The long bamboos were tossed about by the wind that roared through giant acacias and mangoes with the rush and noise of a Niagara. * The little clumps of bamboo and acacia, that dotted the field in front of our line, bobbed about in the gale, and were beaten down by the rain in such fashion that they made the best kind of cover for venturesome devils— if there are any such among the Spanish— in crawling out to attack our line. The THE FIGHT AT MALATE. 327 ditch behind our parapet filled up with thin mud T .>fl» . down the embankment into this little lake Tht , TT °^ '""^ ''" boys for their guns were four Zh } . platforms built by the Utah in blinding sheets ^" ""'"'' ""'' ^"^ ^^'" ^^e rain drove down posts almost directfy in front of our Hn/ K . ^^'^'^ '" ^^^^"'^^ °"t- Some of the posts ex ended over ^ ' '^°"' seventy-five yards distant. -nintouchlitltCrsrb;^-:^^^^^^^ t:::rn:"r:r:dThaVttT"?^ heard from, a^d were eHevcd next ^"" '"' ^^'^'^ '" "^"'^" "^^^^ ""^ heavy firing on the r ef net? . ^^'^ '^'"^ '''''°"^- '^^ere had been some part fn rep y n Jto it i: "^ "'^ 'u ^'^ "P°''^^'- ^"^ ^^^^ »>-d taken had suffered no loss '""^ ''' "^P^"^' ^^^°^^ ^^em and they Danger on the Right. to fiank us. That was serLs b siles" Ma o/t th^'t "'j " Y'"' and B companies up the Camina Real nto the trench .1 . ""^'^^ ^ to Major Bierer to come forward wS n ^JV °"'^ ^""^ '""' ^^""^ right across the road WhUe tin^l ' '°T"'" ^"^ ^o in on our was maintained at a terr^ rat The '""? T^ '""^ °' ^'^ 'P^"'^^' sharp, spiteful, was like the lonlrolfh 7 *'"'' '''""'" ^''"' ^^°^t- punctuaL continually w"hthrbutttro"ftr f T 'r '^""- '' "^^ from the fort at Malate. ^ '^' '^'"' ^^^^ ^^--^ throwing .e„Zd^yvotra:?d'idT:eirr^- ^^^.^V.*-tthe Pennsylvania loosed off together was likfthl . r '■°"' °' '^'''" °^^ Springfields all the terrific'assault made u"'" u''\ ' '''^"^'"■*>' '^'' ^^« undisturbed by the embrasu forThet " Z '"^ ''' ^P'""^'^' ^"^" ^^ ^^^^ '^'^^ made AT.,,^- ' " ^""'' ^^^y '^"'■^ y^t '^••ge enough for a hailstorm of •Mcii^ci Dullccs to sweep through. s ^» «* naustorm ol " How more of the men were not hit can never be explained. The steel- 328 THE FIGHT AT MALATE. cased bullets kept up a constant ringing on the metal of the cannon, but only one struck a gunner, and he got off with a flesh wound in the arm. Lieu- tenant Gibbs, of Battery A, standing with his right hand resting on the wheel of one of his guro, got an illustration of how close one may come to being hit. A bullet struck the tire of the wheel just inside his thumb and passed under his hand, leaving a little burned strip i -ross his thumb where it passea. A Storm of Steel. " By this time it was a business fight. The Spanish were using their magazines and firing by squads. A great deal of the fire was high, some of it very high, but never before had any of our boys seen the Spanish anywhere near so accurate, and some of the Americans had been under their fire in the insurgent trenches many timesw " The bullets were flying ov r thsir heads in swarms. They whizzed, they whistled, they sang as a telegraph wir( does in a wind. They zipped, they buzzed, they droned like a bagpipe far away, like a June bug seeking a light on a hot night, like a blue bottle buzzing against a window pane. They beat against the outside of our embankment with a sound like hailstones striking soft mud, like the faint hoofbcat of the horses going up the back- stretch in the Suburban as it comes to you on the patrol judge's stand at the middle distance. They rattled against the old Capuchin chapel and ripped through its iron roof with a noise such as children make with a stick on a picket fence running along and drawing the stick across the pickets, or like a man drumming on a window blind. " Did you ever hear the cook beating up eggs on a platter with a big spoon ? If that noise were magnified a thousand times it would give a sug- gestion of the tattoo the bullets beat on that old chapel. And all this time there were the shells. Men who were in the civil war say the shells came through the air saying ' Where is you ? ' ' Where is you ? ' all run together. They sound like the ripping of silk, and they give you the same feeling down the back that it does to pull a string through your teeth. " The shells smashed through the poor old chapel and burst inside. They burst as they struck its heavy brick walls ; they burst short ; they struck our embankment and burst ; they burst over the heads of our men ; they flew high and went down the fields, bursting sometimes among our men hurrying up to reinforce the Pennsylvanians ; they burst along the Camino Real ; they were almost as thick as bullets, and yet strange as it seems, there is record of only one man who was hurt by a shell, and he was not at all seriously wounded. He was Second Lieutenant A. J. Buttermore, D Company, Tentli Pennsylvania. A shell burst just in front of and over him. A piece of it hit THE FIGHT AT MALATE. m the^ark for the piece that nit\t ""'' ^°° ^"^>' ^° ^^°P -^ hunt away at a gttTaL. anrrrtlro'/ot^X"'^--^^^''- ^^ P^P'"^ men m Can,p Dewey that there was ho worriT'/''"'"^ ^'^ officers an! g'vng us a practical lesson of the valu of sn.o^ .' '""^- "^^^ Spanish were our guns cracked a line of flame r.n , °^ ''""^^'^ss Powder. Evcrv time sheet of flame drew a Lsh h"" 0(1""' ' k' \7 °' °"^ -bankment. Ever, cracked a Soanish cannonlL^'Ltd^rtL'S ^^ T^h^^-^ ^'"'"^ ^ ^^^'^^ ^- good a maak as the enemy, and they dfd the^V h ; T '' °"'' "^^^^ ^^^ as the range by the time between flash of . . u"'' ^' ^"^ °"Jy guessing at astopw^chonthelineto^Lrel^^^^^^^^^ aim and in comn^and of themselves but t^v h!. 7 ^ "'''' ^^^^^ P^^'^'^^^y from Pennsylvania, who were beginn^n "to '^ I't '° ^'^^^^^ ^^^''^ ^i^nds along the line that the enemy wf "Teftin/ """Tt ^'''''''' ^^g^" *» go Pantrymen thought they could de ecfa'h! "°""^,^^^ '■'S^^^ ^^nk. The ,n- that were whistling over their h ads Mo ^' T l^' ''"^^'°" °^ ^^^ bullets ^- the east, down our line, insttdtf f^ ^ n^, rsl^ '' ^^""^ First American Killed 0"r trench. It was a perfect hell he had ,„ LT' t "'"" "'" '" ''"' °' open ground, without sign of protectfon ', f ''"'"''S''' » '■""'•■•ed yards of that came from left, from^ron.'^.nd fro"' Zhf \' T^ "' '^=''^" """* ...nsb„3,mga.„o„ , around .i:rai;t\r '''"' """ '"' '^-^^'^ ^;"-.^ HVttfcLtrw-KtrwifL^c""^^^-^^'" "--«-"■■'- struck him through the body, and he fel. de,^ T"^""'' "^ "="»" b""" "en were dropping with bulle s in th- legs or^rm^ V'"''''- """ ^''°"' >"■"' kept on toward the enemy. A little V„f 7 L Some who were wounded E. Stilhvagon of E Com^ny go, leL.t t? ''""'" ''="■ ^"™'= William «. wen, on wiA fine courage and to^ , ' ""' *'■" '"' '*• S,ill the 330 THE FIGHT AT MALATE. " ey were told, but they had never been 'shooted over,' as the EngHsh say, and they got excited. They lost the regularity of their volley fire and their effectiveness decreased tremendously in consequence. They could not see their enemy in the terrible night, and they could not see the flash of his rifles. They could not locate him and they were firing absolutely in the dark. With the roar of your own guns .a your ears it is hard to judge by the crack of the enemy's Mauser where he is. It is difficult to tell where a Mauser is fired when you have quiet and daylight. How almost impossible it is in the dark with battle raging about you, and a howling wind driving a terrific rain in eddies and gusts into your face and down your neck! Brave Captain O'Hara. " For an hour the fight hac' been going on fiercely. The noise of it got out to the ships of the fleet, drifting against the wind, and the searchlights began to wink and to travel over toward the Spanish position. Blessed relief to our men. It gave them now and then a glimpse of the country ahead of them. They could see something of where they were shooting, but still they could see no enemy. Camp Dewey had been awake a long time. " Lying in his tent, almost at the north end of the camp. Captain O'Hara, in command of the battalion of the Third Artillery, unable to get sleep, had been keeping track of the firing. He knew our men had but fifty rounds of ammunition with them, and he realized that at the rate they were shooting that would soon be expended. He didn't know what the trouble was, but he did know that if they were attacked they would want help when their ammu- nition was gone, and they would want it nighty badly. " lattery K of his battalion was in position as supports ; but the orders were not to go in unless the Pennsylvanians were in a pinch. Captain O'Hara counted the volleys until the firing became indiscriminate, and he understood that the boys were getting rattled. He had no orders, but he took a chance^ and he took it just in time. "He sounded the assembly. As the bugle-call rose over the camp, out of their tents tumbled the men of battery H, and into line they ran, Krag-Jor- gensen rifles in hand and 150 rounds in their double belts. Down the camp below the Third Artillery another bugler picked up the call. The First Colorado men heard it and swarmed out with their guns. Nebraska followed suit, and soon half the camp was in arms. " Leaving Captain Hobbs, in command of Battery H, with orders to be ready to advance at the bugle-call, and to bring 10,000 rounds of extra ammu- nition, Captain O'Hara, with his orderly and his bugler, started up the road toward the front. A little beyond the corner of the camp he met an orderly THE FIGHT AT MALATE. '■•WeT= whipped,, he ,ho„M,o Captain O^Hara. .VVe'.^-. ••B,„n.„ . "^^ Kosh to the Besouo. answer from Hobbs's bugler and cZ I ''^'"^ ' ^'^^^'^ l>eard the road to the front with alfth ' s^ e tll\:':^ u' ''''''' ''^'^^' "P ^^ along the road in the steady, reassur nTson! 7" ^"'- ^^^ ^"^'^ ^'"^"g Battery H, toiling up through the dreadf I ""^ 1 ""'''' ' ' ^"^ *''« -^" ^^ fresh spurt. ^ '""^ '''^^'''^"1 '""d, answered with a cheer and a ir ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ -^ ^i-^ own battery were to the rear with wounded, and some .^° t ^'"'^ "^ '"^^ •"'^" ooming " • We are beaten 1 ' they shoTd r^ .f ""'''""^ ^°""^^^' ^^''^ggling. reply of ' Forward ! • TheThant r ' T " ''"'^^ ^""^1^' -shouted the sLle orderly and the bugler.^a'Vttl^t^^l^^S^ ''' '" ^'"^^ ''' ^^^^^ It was hot work in the Camino Re' m T^ °" '°"'^'^ ^'^^ %^'^- Spaniards a first-class idea of the r.nl . ^"""^ ^^Perience had given the ;^or they knew that reinforc:2n s fuld^^t t'el'^ ''' '''' ^''^^ ^""'^^ '""d was ankle deep most of the wav and ^ '°'"" "'^' ^'^^^ The "nceasing. the heat was awful BuTL ' '" "^"^ '^ *^^ '^^^' ^^ich was went, with the exultant b^gie' si„ "nl f "^^*'■°"b^'^ ^^ead. and on they t.me the answer came sharnlJT ^ ""^'^ "^^'^ ' forward I ' Everv doubled for dear life. At tL It" d""^^^^^ ''' ^"^ "P '^^ -d thl^ enbuhl had been posted w h h s rTr," '". ''' '"' '^••"-^^' ^here Kray"^ and Captain O'Hara thanked God T ' '^''' "^''^ «"Jy 'ome stragglers .one in. The .ragglersl:!";^^^^^^^^^^ The bullets spatted the mud in th. r ^ "^^"^ °" "P the road, boos at the sides of the road, ^hey advanced '"rf *'^^ '"^^^^ ^^- bam- ^de of the road, and so they escaped L '" ^ '°'"""' ""^ °" '''^' Hobbsand his -en of Battery Tov'to^^^^^^^^ Just beyond this barricade Forward ! ' and on they ran. The solTonlT , ^^' '^"^^'^^ commanded to he trenches. The hard-pressed PeLs ^^'" ""'^^ ^°^" ^^e wind w>th a cheer that drifted backV the huZnf""? '"'"' '^ ^"^ «ed new .spurt into their tired legs ^ ^ '"^"'"''^ ^"^ P«t strength for a "As they went along Captain Hobbs felt a suddden Sharp sting in h. II' 332 THE FIGHT AT MALATE. right thigh. He put his hand down and felt blood and knew he was hit. But his leg worked all right and he had his bugle*- s.ound 'Forward!' and went on. " O'Hara was right abcut Krayenbuhl. The young lieutenant had been keeping sharp watch on what was going on in his front, and when the Ameri- can firing ceased to be by volleys and ran into an indiscriminate helterskelter, he concluded that it was about time for him to go in. Then a man came back with the report that everything was going to the dogs, and Krayenbuhl started, sending a message to Kessler, over on his right, to come along in a hurry. Kessler was expecting the order and was ready for it, and in went the men of Battery K on the jump. Krayenbuhl got there first and he was none too soon. The Pcnnsylvanians were almost out of ammunition. Some of them had four or five rounds left an^ some of them had none. Those who still had cartridges were popping away indiscriminately, firing at will. " Nothing was the matter with them but rattles. They had not been hurt. There had been reports from across the road of the loss D and E Companies were suffering, and some of the men had seen their dead, but in the trench they were all right, and the Utah artillerymen, cool as a New Eng- land Christmas, were serving their guns with clock-work regularity, undis- turbed by rumor or shell. "As the regulars went in and Krayenbuhl realized what was going on he drew his revolver and jumped among the excited men, who were firing at will, shoutmg to them to get together, and threatening to shoot the first man who fired without orders. His t)wn men swung into action, and his command and their work had the desired effect. The Frightened Courier. "The Pennsylvanians steadied down at once. The first volley of the regulars, fired as if it was only one gun, brought the volunteers back into shape, and they cheered the men of Battery K with a cheer that rang bacl< along the road to O'Hara and Hobbs, puffing up with Battery H. The roar of the Krag-Jorgensen volley told O'Hara and Hobbs that their own men were in action, and the cheer that followed let them know that it was all right. But they did not slack up. Their bugles sounded the old command of ' For- ward ! ' and they kept on. " In the meantime the frightened courier had stumbled through the camp and into the tent of Major Jones, the master of transportation. The major had been up and about for some time, expecting that reinforcements would be sent forward and ready to send extra ammunition as soon as the orders came from General Greene. The courier was almost in hysterics when he found THK FIGHT AT MALATE. — goo the major, and he was exhausted with h.« h. a the mud. "^"^ ^'^ ^''''^ «■"" of two miles through Somebody take my cun ' he cnVrl « u i General was up, expecting a n,es,«ge fro,„ .l,Vfro„r ' "' "" ^"'"''- ^1- man. »e j:;t;T„l,X"t,?e Wh""' T"' -»'— .s-«end eve^ baneo- .3 Wipe/off .hf^^, omI u^'^'^c::,:?""'''" ■'■'■^ "-"^ help—send'— ^<^ fe out of ammunition. Send and s^XlS;r ""' "" "'"' °" "■' «'!'"=-'' "-se„g„, 3hou.der, "• Keep cool, young „an. If, all right W), take care of you/ .Bugles and Bullets. be sent forward. At the gene:^'.^^' ^^es LTo^ r"^""'^'"" " every man answered with his rifle and hi. h I r n I ^' *^^ camp, and Smith of the First CahTornia wa ordel o r °' '''■^^'■'^^^- Colonel once, and before the miserable cour - ad halffi Tm ""' '^''^ ^^^^^^ ^t first battalion under Major Willil' B^.^tetwas do"ubnn T''"' ^^°^'^^'^ and the Colonel in the road was overhauiZ .^ ^ "^ '^''""^^^ '"^^ ^^'^'^ the men of Battery H. The Second BatK^^ ,'"" '^''"^'•>' ^aptain.s and lowed, to be held in reserv7and the Tl d 7;/',"'" ""^^^^ '"'"^^ ^ime. fol- ham.in the illness of Ma/orTilden ^ iSfn "' ""^^^^^^ duty in the trenches the r 'xt day " "^"^P' '' ^^'"Sr booked for -re'dtidL'rt:^' j^r-.: z '^^:::rs:^ ^7 ^^ ^-"^ - *- ^^"'^ -ougH .He can,p .rroundei .y .en X^Xltrr r„: JC^ ^^ Bullets! he cried; ■ they're like hail.' uni,edt:::\XToro::t:he rT '"h ^'^^^ -^ «■= T-"y-«..><- ' wo* he ^^ccede:?,-^--:^- - -^.. ,^^-f I 334 THE FIGHT AT MALATE. lif off the Raleigh, to send a boat. Finally the boat got through the surf and Captain F"cbigcr put out. " It was a tremendous task, but the Callao's men were equal to it, and the Captain, wet as if he had been dragged in on a lifeline, boarded the Raleigh. Captain Coglan's orders from Admiral Dewey put him practically under General Greene, and he at once prepared to respond to the General's .command. The ship was cleared for action and the crew went to quarters. Meantime Captain Febiger had returned to G^ neral Greene, who sent word back to the Raleigh by the Callao's boat that a rocket would be the General's signal for the Raleigh to go in. So the Raleigh stood by with guns shotted and the crew at quarters waiting for the rocket, but to the great disappoint- ment of the jackies it was not fired. The regulars in the trenches settled the matter, and no help was needed from the navy. Oalifornian's Dreadful Mistake. "Before Captains O'Hara and Hoff got to the trench with Battery H, Kessler had joined Krayenbuhl with the second platoon of K. The steady, heavy volley of the Krag-Jorgcnsen rifles of the regulars warned the Spaniards that reinforcements had come, and that a new force was against them. Then came Boxton's battalion of California men and made a terrible mistake. They marched up through the open field under the hailstorm of shells and bullets from the Spanish. Captain Reinhold Richter of Company I was the first to fall, hit on the top of the head on the right side by a bullet which made a pulp of the outer layer of the skull. The doctors hope he will recover, but his condition is very critical. " As the men advanced First Sergeant Morris Jurth of Company A fell, instantly killed by a bullet through the body. Every few yards some man fell, but the battalion kept on until they reached the old insurgent trench. They had not been at the front before since our own outwork was built and they thought this old trench was ours. They saw firing ahead of them and heard the bullets whistle by. They did not stop to ask what had become of our men, but opened fire by volley straight into the backs of the Pennsyl- vanians and the regulars in the trenches ahead of them. " Colonel Smith, who had caught up with the regulars of Battery H and was with Captain O'Hara in the trench, at once sent one of his officers back to warn Major Boxton of his mistake. The officer went on the run, but before his message was delivered three volleys had been fired. It was impossible ti tell what the result of the shooting was or whether any of our men were hit. The .surgeons say that they cnnrsot distinfjuish a Mauser wound from a Spring- field, but that no man was killed by a shot from behind. One man was hit in I THK hir.HT AT MALATE. 335 the back, but that was by a Mauser hiiWot th., . , l- down in the advance acru' s the open fid The Tu. ''"'. " '^ ""'^ '>' "^ belt, and that's how it was -shown'o be I^Maut "'"'' '" '" '''''''^' " When the California Uattalion finally L^ot in M,. r * •. with part of the rer-J.-s to the supnurt of I) . V * '* ^^' """^ ^"^ sylvanians on th. nght. Th re and in 1 . 'T'^'"'^'^ °' ''^^ ^''^""- ".ost of our loss w, tmet / 1 But t u ""''"^ "^ '^'°"^'' ^*^^ °I-" ^^^^ Private Hrady, cf 1 f" ,p t Te h I "'7 '°'"' '''''^"''' '" ^^^ trench, and Private Mcllrao ' f I a^;/ ^ ^^'j?"^'^'^'?' T" ^'^'^^ '" ^^^ ^-'-'^. the next mornin,. .f c Ir th h.H K "• u'''""'^ '^'''^ ^'■°'" ^'''^'' J'-' died men. When his men got to tt trench I '""' '" '^"""""'^ °^ '^^^^^ and excitement among the lln v van In 7J\r ^'^ "^''^ °^ ^°"'""-"^^" the parapet and shouted '""''^'"'"'""^' ^"^' ^cllrath ju„,pcd up on top of in volllys"" "^'''' '°^-^' "°" "^'^^ ^«* '^-' Get together and give it to 'em -comrades. He died i^ ^L^^:!-- -^/t ^ ^ ^^^^^ Private Pinlay's Heroism. guishldrml-il^. ^ortchl^'rk'^^^^^^^^^^^^ "^T] ''^'"°^"'"^' ^^^^^'^'^y ^'•^^'•"- Finlay is detailed to Malor IZt'T. ^"S''?'^'^^" K^t the Victoria Cross. His mother was a MeMcan and he ""^'^cT'"" '^P'"^"'-^ ^ '"'-P-ter. When ammunition was enVforwldFinl 'P'^"''^'\ '^^''"-^ ^^ '"•^ English, had eight carromatta load^oH" T^, " 7,^. '" vi"^' "' '" '"''''"■ "^' started when th • Soinish fi.. , u ''^''°'"^"^ ^'^h a n.tive driver. He open fields. The bulle buT^ed" TT T' "^"* ^^^^'"^'^^ "P through the through the toptf'h" trtfa^d 0^0^ S^.W ^f^h'^T: '''' '^'''' "Finlay kept on as if he were gig after orn.n '^ f "^" '" ^'^^ '^^• "nt.I he reached the old insurgent tr!nch Thlnlul ". ?'"'""' ^^^'^^"°°" forward alone to find some o'ne from the Te h P ^1 ''^•'"'" ^"' "^"* could deliver the ammunition ThT 7/""*^/^""sylvania to whom he what Captain O'Hara a ^Zi / ! J""'^'"'^ ^"'"'^^ '"^^ °"'- ^^-^n^^h was called a Wery hot p a^e ' It t ' "'" "^° '"" '"^" "P'^"*^ ^^ ''^^ work. Finlay hunted aroutd unti h!t "7^ ""-^""^'^ '^^ 'P^"'"^h bullets. Bu -cartaiongtot;:;:^;:-^^^^^^^ ill 336 THE FIGHT AT MALATE. " On the way he found Captain Richter lying in the field where he had •fallen He jumped out of his carromatta, put the Captain in, and started on. Pretty soon he found another wounded man. That one was picked up. too, and back he went to camp. Then he turned the wounded over to the surgeons and got orders to take ten carromattas to the front and bring back the wounded Back over that bullet-swept field he went again, as cool and unconcerned as ,f on a drive through Golden Gate Park, did his work, brought m the wounded, and turned in to get what sleep he could before the hard day's work began soon after daylight. , , , , ^u " After he had sent forward everything that he could to help the men at the front. General Greene went -ut himself. By this time it was after 2 o'clock, and the worst of it was over. The regulars were pumpmg m heavy volleys, and the Utah boys w6re cracking away at their undisturbed target pracdce, and the 'attempt at flanking' was repulsed. General Greene stayed at the front until after 3 o'clock, and then returned to camp. At day- light there was a sharp burst of firing by the Spaniards but our men did no respond, and there was no damage done. The wounded were all brought into camp, and the serious cases were treated at the brigade hospital; the others were taken care of at regimental hospitals or went to their tents. Burial of the Dead. " In the afternoon the eight dead were buried in the yard of the old con- vent at Maribacan, back of the camp. There were no coffins available, so each man was sewed up in his blanket, and an identification tag was sewed fast to it. They were buried aU in one trench, and headboards were set up to mark the graves, bearing the names of the dead. The chap am of the Tenth Pennsylvania took a careful description of the place and the graves, with the names and records of the dead , . a a;a n.^ a^f "The surgeons worked all day over the wounded, and did not get through until 9 o'clock in the evening. They found several very senous cases some of which have since resulted in death. '' On Monday two battalions of the First Colorado and the third battahon of th< First California were sent into the trenches with a new detachment of the even-tempered Mormons. They finished the work on the embai^kment, and the Cali(-nia men, who went in on the right of the road where D and L ompanies of the Pennsylvanians suffered so severely the night before, bega to dig a trench ior themselves. It was a nasty, slimy place they had an hard work intrenching. Just as they had got a ridge of mud about t. feet high thrown up in front of them, the Spaniards cut loose again A red hot fire was kept u,, all night, and the Caliibrnians responded with vigor. THE FIGHT AT MALATE. n^^ , 337 a°/r:er„f °' ''"°'"' "■= '^« ^--W-. "« <« -a. „„„ . „,„ „„„,, tell from big-gun^ing, a.d' he V^aZZIT"' """"'' '"'' ""' ""<' '° headed (ash.'on. The practice of the S™^ , ^'"^ """"^ '" ""i"- '"''. '"'^I- ^I.=lls burst all about the in e„ch ^el "^ Thi' f "".'-"- ««"»nt, and .he advanced into the scrub. Appareri„ the \ /"""''' '"'' '^"' """='' '"i " -if,-*"'- attention tor ;S .' t«: X^^^ff ""- «-■ -^ their g„„ a. the time^ and they l!t u i'^jfu T" ':" ' ^''"P"=' ■*■=" '" the Spanish gu„ had been see^ aid thf S„ , "«"" "^"^ ""= "•«!> "f night. Whether it «s disab,:dr„orc!i;r te^lL^;- '-'■' "» "^ «- coiorair ™t wt^'r r £;:rat'r^''""^''=^''' ° ^-p-^. >''- .op of the trench. A Mauler bulst'rH"""' "'.."'" """""^ '"'" *= through his head, killing hirainsbnHvH ^ V!! *""■' '^^ ""'' "™t that was a common acti™ wit ut S^ J" ""^h "''''PP''' °" "- '-and, but by his comrades until he collapsed and f^ 'h "° ^f™''"" "^ P"''' t° it quickly that it did not mark he ev-liT f u° ""^ ^''= ''"" »'™<:l' him so of the wound showed. One manTn G r "" "' ''" ""'' '='°-"' "o mark night. That sums up the L """^ ™ ^•'°' i" "« thigh that " Most of the niVht the rnlr>..-,>' ^-'^ have been whole Spanish advance. We hive Ir. ''" <=o-pensated for by the to do with, and the capture of lrwoul7nTh""f""^'^ wouldn't have put us any nearer Manna7 ''^ ^°"' ""^ S°°^ ' '^ Tales of Heroism. ■a".ty':re'„rg"hfoT'j:[;trr;"^^'r"™^ ^ "-"" -' of g.. -'i 1' 1-1 -' ^ 3'sr. A efun embrasiiri" h-ri t-- • ='icli which rendered the gun useless " An.ft, u ^, "" ^''^^^"^^ by a 22 ^"" "'^''''- A"other shell entered, carrying away THE FIGHT AT MALATE. the sights. Hudson jumped over the trenches, exposed himself to the heavy Spanish fire, reconstructed the embrasure and in five minutes the gun was again working. He was cheered by his comrades and congratulated by his commander. This brave man was the American whom the insurgents at- tempted to arrest in Cavite on August 26th. He resisted and was shot dead. E. E. Kelly, a Chicago telegraph operator, had charge of the wire from General Greene's headquarters in camp to the trenches. During the attack a shell cut the wire behind the trenches. Kelly seized the line outside the camp and ran along the line in the darkness under a hail of bullets clear up to the trenches, where he found the break and repaired it. Communication was instantly opened and the troops in the trenches were notified that rein- forcements were advancing to their assistance. Kelly was made a sergeant in the Signal Corps by General Greene. A corporal of the Tenth I'ennsylvania, single-handed, captured seven armed Spanish soldiers near the Luneta battery. He marched them five hundred yards to a company commander, where they were disarmed. Two nights after the capitulation two hundred armed insurgents attempted to enter Binondo, They encountered a guard of thirty men of the Nebraska regiment. This detail disarmed them, arrested them and marched them prisoners to headquarters. CHAPTER XX. Surrender of Manila After Attack of D r^MlWO weeks after the fi.Ht i„ . ' "' ''^"^^*- negotiations. For an hour, Ad^it, Dete" b'" H f ""^^'-^ '" ^^^ P- - army under General Mer- ^ bombarded the city, while the ritt, drove the enemy into ~ the town. The story of the day is graphically told in the following extract from a letter written by a staff officer, who was very active in the advance, to his wife, giving her an account of his personal doings. It gives also a very clear picture of the work done by our men, of the wayin which the city was entered, and of the man- ner in which the insur- gents were dealt with. It recounts the observations as well as the acts of a trained army officer, who as aide to General Green*>' - obliged to JZTrlry much of^^r^ 7"' ^""^^^ ^'• fon to .e probably more o7the d'; w rHCn Vn" ' T ''''''^^ '" P-'"" Two days before I had made L ^ °*^^'' ^"e man : ^ont and accurately located thTcannon ^^7^' °' ''' P^'^'- '" our Erectly up the beach on the ed JorThV", 'f,"^^''- ^ne of them pointed ^ec vviti, glasses on the morning of the hn^r'!, "' °"' ^^ ^^"-^ ""able to was wondering whether it was ftiU tite itC^"^" ^' ^--^' ^--- GENERAL WESLEVMLRKli'i' go down and again 339 re- SURRENDER OF MANILA. 340 connoitre the position to ascertain with certainty whether the cannon had been removed. I started do,.n the beach, concealing rnyselfm the brush on the wTa-^d had approached nearly to the river, when the bombardment uddlT; opened from'the ships. All the shells fell short, and as they ^ruck he wa er they ricocheted and whistled over my head m such number that I was compelled to retreat about ico yards in order to get out of the me of z A flight lull t^:x:i;-- t;;^XLr:l^rr^^ ^-^1 ::::^z':^:^z:^^^^^^ —us. aga. f^ung sho. rX gun C d berre-ved. I also made this report to General Greene. Ind he sfid ' No you are m^taken ; the gun is still there. I can see from he?e alouf dght f;e't of it.' and he pointed out the place to me. Ra.smg my tLLes I thought, sure enough, there is the gan. On our arr.val at he S however, ^fter the assault. I found the gun General Greene and I Toutht we saw was a bent piece of corrugated iron lymg m such a fash.on thought we sa resemble a cannon a thousand yards awa)-. '^^ Xt ng^ eti; part of L bombardment I climbed to a site on t„e «at tin'roof o^f a ^H J-use. « - --- .rsTom^:het:t!'^?^^^^^^^^^^^ havoc and must have killed and wounded many Spaniards. ^^^^ ^^^ ^ g^^^.^^^ p^^^g. "Seeing two companies of the Colorado regiment ordered to advance bee ng two f ^..^ended and joined them. After advancing 'r. hu'drtd ; rd-^^^^^^^^^^ line concealed itself behind good cover to about a hundred yards or jnaerous. Pretty soon, await the bcmbardment from the sh.ps ^S'^^^JJ ^ however we were ordered to advan^ -d ;.-"/- „ 1„, 3^^ ^.„„ led the hne through he *='"?■ "^ "er of volleys. We then made a from the enemy's ^^''J^^tTJ^XZ^lZ us from the powder rush across the "-'''^f/,47 "^^ ,h, fc'J.her side of the stream, the Tef l^inVdown b:hinr:o*r:and''v''ery shortly the res, of the Colorado reg- ment besan to advance in our rear m ™PP<>rt; , ^„j t,,,, ^j.r;p^<^T::^-;:-:^^ adva^e he.„ SURRENDER OF MANILA. 341 .some volleys b.i:r.,XZst:l''Zrt'f'r "-^ ""'-^ '^ "- rear of the line, which just at thaftir^eh «'"«»"% returned to the tenant-Colonel of .1^ r^ Lit IM r„ f ^''° T*/' '"'™^^' ^'"' «>= Lieu, the start of me beat .e^ h o^t anT e'^d th flt 1' l"-'- '"' «"«"^ " As I ran up on the oaraoet I Zt !> ^ ""^ '"" '^Sim^nt. on the bed in a L^lZlZV^^^f^ZV'"''' ','* "r^^' '^'"8 bolas by the natives here) as troph e Lv L ." ""'*"'" <=""'='' hind the fort was a poor =■ Ta\ j, ^ '^^' " """" "*=> =hed be- breathing , calLVhlTtV .he"re.tr ^f"L"tst ho "r,""" '"' ''" saw and continued in rapid advance with "he line " "'"" ■"'° ' cupiedt\lrcr MiTl'tl"' """ '° ^ ""'"""^ -'•'" "^^ "-" oc. enemy that the men took to *e 'n^ h"' "."*"■ """ " ''=''^'' "^ '""" *e ^ep. on to the hou:e ""S the ^dl^e IZl '° """" '"' »"■ ' one document which earned for a smin n!, u ^^''- ™°"e "«"" had promised him on the contiLer ...^ ''=' "^^'^ "^ i^i, ^ ko I should be found to be correct T '"'"" '"'■°'™''°" ^^ S^-ve n-e .y camp several weoL" '"eddU ^ 7,11 Te sjd'^^r f^ "^ '"" American who had now left the rnntfr Vi t, ' ^'* ^^^^^'^ ^^^ an a native woman, in Ma^ilf "^ '"^ ^' ""'' ^'^'"^ ^''^J^is mother, Some Lively Firing. .ho„;fheToit„tre":s„tfra.i''"r"^°/'" '- -- 'f "= He thought he could, fnd re u ^^g to M™ :"L"l f °"r °' "'"^'"■"^ ust what I wanted. I paid him hbe al.^ a \ „ 1':^:° '""'^ "'* % Spaniards eact^^ri' c^Lt ^ XTglT t^ '^-'^^ ^^°'" was a continuous one I considerPr^ 1,;= • r ' ^""^- Knowm- the trench was trying to play a natirt^ron m t^MWrn^tl^^' ^" w^"^'' '■^■ tured the paper I discovered that the slnia'ds themse vt"td?? ', '^- contmuous trench into seven nnrf« n,.^K • ^"^""selves had divided this that the regular garrlon of th-f / ""f ^""^ ^^em from one to seven, and fifty men e'ach. m; Zy shou,VTo"rT" " "" '°^ ""'' ^*^^^^' ^^-^ 0"^ ™e„ and the en^.y^^n^ ^IrS,:— tS^^^^^^^ 342 SURRENDER OF MAN! I A. in the neck as he stood near me and has since die.'. Hearing some iVlnuser rifles popping behind a wall I got a Captain of the California regiment to have his men hold their ^.nms at arn/'s length above the wall and discharge them into the yard beyond o drive ^'.:< Spaniards away. They were making it uncomfortably warm for men on our side who were approaching along the beach from the rear. The C;:lifornia rr-'imi at a1 thi.- point passed the Colo- rado regiment and took the advance. Jominj uie Califomia regiment I prot .-l1j(1 down the street with it and saw Sam Widduield's squad (he is a corpo},-:) vc. gallantly advance on the run and drive some Spaniards out of a yard wr o h:A been firing on our men approaching on the left. " En(;i. J:jon, General Babcock's orderly, had gone back for our horses, which wc U.lc in the rear, but not being able to wait I borrowed a captured horse and soon wore him out carrying messages for General Babcock and General Greene. All this time I was galloping ..found the streets of Malate (that suburb of Manila through which we were th'n advancing) in which our men were skirmishing with the enemy. I requested Colonel Smith of the California regiment to leave a small guard over every house flying the Eng- lish flag, which he did. The English have been very friendly to us in this war, and I wanted to see the compliment returned. Insurgents Open Fire. " I returned and reported to General Greene for duty. He immediately directed me to ride to the front, and, selecting a patrol of ten men from the California regiment, to advance upon the walled city, reconnoitre it and see whether they would fire on me. As Engleskjon just then returned with n)y horse I got on it, and taking him with me we galloped to the front to make the reconnoissance ; but just as we came out on the Lunetta, an open space between the walled city and Malate, one company of the Twenty-third Infantry debouched from Malate along the beach and the First Battalion of the Cali- fornia regiment came out of the streets of Malate onto this open space. I followed them, and before we reached the walls of the city we observed a white flag flying on its corner. They marched to thr ^rreet which encircles the wall, called the Calle de Bagumbayan, and there d. "As soo > , -. we had seen the white fl-g 11;.' seiit Engleskjon to report the fact to Gc 1 Greene, and after we ha ' J .ced to the foot of the wail I returned myseif and reported to him I the enemy had ceased firing General Greene's orders required him to maich around the walled city and take possession of the suburbs across the ri.vr c,;: the other side. Before starting back myself I directed the halted troops. I^y- his order, to move about a half mile around toward the river and thti. ' V.t to await further orders SURRENDER OF MANILA. our whole plan entirely to preven th ^ ^'"^^ "^"^^ ^^ had been in order to protect the^'ISt" a d Z^Z^^l ^- 1 ^ -''"^^ ^'^^ ^'V- t.es, but at Santa Ana a number of insurrnr ^^"'"^^^h^"' ^o°ting propensi- had been too quick for our roops and £d ' '"''V"' ^^^'^^ ^^"'"^ ^ack. that direction. ^ "'^ ^^"^ approached the walled city from " Coming up within rifle range thev be^an m fir« • ^- • troops (who had halted between them L the S" ^'" '"^'^"''"'"^tely at our behind them. This caused the SnanT.H ^'"''''^ '"^^' *he Spaniard, minutes here stood our 1 e pless trf ons r '''"'" '^^ ^'' ^"^ ^^^ a few rnent) between two fires, knowinHhT;^^ IT''"''' °'*'^ ^^''^°^"'^ -^'•- correct it. They deserv; much cfedit for h " ?" ""''' ""^ P^^'^^l"^ to fire on either party, for suci^an act o" -tl^^ ^" "°"'^' "°' '° "^"^" ^'^^ have been nothing but a blood;\r:3"elltrnre ''''''''''' ^'^^ ^°"'^ so ^^^::s^i^:!:;:z:2rr^z^'' -' -- ^^^^ ••- ^^^ ^-d one being shot in the shoulder and the other sho7 ^"'u T '""""'^^y ^^""'^^d. ward helped to dress the wound of he one shoMnVh .".'• ' -^^-^^-fter- was near at the time, all being occuld tlh }l '"^' "' "° Physician men carried on their persons sma I packte of ''' '" '''' ''''■ ^H the I hope you will never again say that hat 1 ttl/"'?'"^ '""'"^^' ^"^ "°- ing which I have been carrying to yordiomfort'' °' '""^^"^^ ''''''■ ten years is a nuisance and useless. '^'''°'"^°'^t '" '"X grip and trunk for Greene Enters the Oity advanced. I think these were na fve so dl t '"'' '"^" ^^^ P^^^'o^^Iy who had been cut off by our rap^ad; ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ way mto the city. They had been pressed Lk. T.'u "^'"^ *° "'^^^ ^heir ad advanced through fhe streets ofMlte' whih '^^h^-'"-- which the beach, but they had been unable ^tl bik T' '"'"^^^^ ^^^^ '^^m vanced along the beach and that stree wh U ^^'' ^' °"'" '"^'^ had ad " General Greene rode up toTh. m ""? '''^'''' '^' ^'^'=^' official who came forward to meet him T T ^^^ ^ consultation with an the right and started alon. thT C lie d-T' "'''''''■ ^'^^^ ^^ '^^^^^ to When we reached that gat^ of tlTJllf^^Zl^^^^^^^^ ''^ '^^- enters trom the road to Paco 344 surre:nder of Manila. we met a number of mounted Spanish officials, whom General Greene stop^^cd to interview. They brought a request that he enter the city to see the Captain- General, and accompanied by his Adjutant-General, Captain Bates, and by Dr. Bourns as an interpreter, he went into the city, leaving us to await his return. " The men were halted, and while resting on their arms freely talked with the conquered Spaniards. It is very strange how soon soldiers of opposing sides will affiliate with each other after one side has given up. While General ' Greene was in the city, General Anderson and General Babcock arrived and soon afterward General Greene came out of the city and had a conference with these two generals. Tnsurgents Pulled Up Short. " We then resumed our progress around the walled city, and having reached another road leading ipto the city from Santa Ana, we found another gang of insurgents in our way, whom General Greene directed two companies to force out of the road on to another street, so as to let his command pass by. One man with a red sash tied around his shoulders and very much ex- cited was haranguing the crowd, and when directed to move his men i.ito the side street by Dr. Bourns, who spoke to him in Spanish, pursuant to General Greene's orders, he said : * No, we are not going anywhere. We are going into the walled city. That's what we came for, and that's what we are going to do.' " I jumped off my horse and pulling my pistol out, shook it in his face and told Dr. Bourns to say to him that if he wanted trouble he could have it right off, but if he didn't want trouble he had better move his men where ordered to, and move them damned quick. He suddenly became very polite, and with many salaams, said ' Si, si, scnor.' In the meantime two companies had marched up to the side of the insurgents, and, wheeling into line in front of them, pressed them out of our way back into the side street. Then the insurgents went back that street and approached from another direction, but were headed off by Colonel Smith of the First California, to whom I carried an order to force them back across a bridge over the river and hold them tlierc. " General Greene sent me with a battalion across the Puente de Espaiia, the main and principal bridge leading from the corner of the walled city over ' into the suburbs of Binondo and Tondo. On coming back he sent me with . another battalion across the bridge leading into Quiapo. Returning from this duty, I informed him there was another bridge just above the one leading to Quiapo, and he sent me back with orders to direct Colonel Smith to guard that bridge also. Returning to General Greene, I again got a message to carry to the colonel of the Nebraska regiment, who was awaiting ordera in SURRENDER OF MANILA. 846 t: S Tmil'Xf .'i: JJ" "" "°"l: ' -"■"P"-" G-e-' Greece and build/„Es of the owns TnTirr '' '' '" ''"'"'""^ '° S""" ""= P"""Pal the insurant conirbe pi ildf™'" ""''"'"""' '■"'° ""= "'"*'«■'■ - *« .hey werf very keen to do ' "'"'"^ """ '""""^ *= ?'-=• This Hot Work for General MaoArthur. ■city ^^:z'^!:jtsi:z:f:- "'""" r "-^^""^ "■--«- '-^ .nsurgentsfron, folbwntinourr 'roT"^;'" "■•^" '° P^™' '"e a eough fight near ColrdiaanT'os. in'^rr/ """■"''''"'''' "*=^ killed and fifteen or twenty wounded 1^1, ' """'"'' '"""' "■=» "";;r'.^'"^"r-"-pp-^^^^^^^^ in a nt^ht /d- iro?.:' d/,f Tm" t?" "'"^ ""^ ^"^ ^^ -""^ held their portions Id did ollllck't^rr ?'""""' '"^ '''^"'^'■ their rear, and although they had urTendlrtd T "^ °'"' P"''"""' '" duty in these trenches^until fL o'c oTon thf M '' '""' »"' "'"'=" ''"'"' suppose there ever was anoth./ following afternoon. I don't caeh other fongh, out-. ° Siff "" T'" """"^ '""^ """'- "??<'»=<' t" the protection o a he,, ess ^ 7T ""' "«'='='' '° ^ ?'»" '" J"'" ^ands for armed party "^ ^ " "''""'" *= "" ?'<>?<=»-«« of a third and repol: o°n'r; sLth tor't'^T^ T' ""^ '° "'^''^ * -onnoissance and th^ Spanish sSTng'rtt^te'nheT f "'' ^"' "°"'"'' "°"'-^'''' them. All the officer, ,„™ j trenches, I came in contact with all of a Colonel clo who wa^Tfirt "^7 c""^ """ ""' '■'=^™*'' -«P' •>-• Rurales. He «s vTrv thealv Iv^ ^"^"'""^ '"'^ Colonel of the Guia, as he riy, statin^thX °°r " •>'="»"=■• and objected to snrrendering con, •: . . ^ " '"""'' P"'"'""-'" ^h'tag to the death for his beloved Americ^afsowt™' the' llrT"'7''T "^ ^"'^' ' ••°""'' » <'™"''- with three or four Ch namt >, ' '■°'''. '" ''" ''^"''' ''"""S =" altercation Ttv complained thah? "'^,""="^'"8 '° keep him out of their house. Th.-v were d^Tet ,„ if ""?' '" ':'"" *' '"'°'"" <""' "' *-' *="ac. •V a ci.,«n ;ho spck En'^^ ^"""'^r'j''^''^^. «=• He was accompanied spc« English at... said he w«j an Englishman, but I think 1:11 346 SURRENDER OF MANILA. he was probably a discharged American soklier who had remained with the coiniiKuiJ, He also was drunk. I asked him if he was a soldier and he said no, so I arrested the soldier he »"\^ -'^h and ordered the citizen to move on and go about hi^ business, iie followed mc i^p, abusing me Ibr arresting the soldier, and 1 again went back and drove him away, saying that I would arrest him, too, if I had any more trouble with him. " I delivered the soldier to the guard, and as I was turning away I encoun- tered the citizen again coming to the rescue of the soldier. My Iri^h was then up and I started for him, but he ran away. I soon overtook liini and arrested him, but he resisted, and I struck him over the head with my pistol, which cut his scalp and made the blood flow freely. He then accompanied me to the guard. He had told me that ' no damned American officer could arrest iiim because he was an English citizen,' and I concluded that it was best for the community that this e roneous impression should be removed. " Here is an incident of the entrance into Manila v '. ..:h I forgot to rehte. While I was advancing down the streets ot Malate with the California re ment some Mauser rifle shots were heard from a small buildinc^ between tli Calle Real and the beach. About a dozen California men rusned into the yard in which the building was situated, and, kneeling down, pumped a rain of bullets into the house, I turned away to another place where sharp firin[^ was going on, and pr jseni'y I saw these men bringing out of the yard three badly scared natives, soldiers n the Spanish army, whom they had captured in the hou and "'le of th men remarked that one man in the house had been killed, and that there had been four of them altogether. They carriutl their prisoners along with the advancing troops. Big BjI ff by Major Jones. " While we were waiting on the Calle de Bagumbayan, Major Fitzhugh came into the street from "^he i id leading toward Pace and reported to nie that some insurgents ha ter' i Malate in tha*^ direction and vere advancing on the city, a. J that he . R >r Jones, of the Quartermaster's Department, had taken the flag of tl. Calilo-nia regiment, and, goiii^^ down the street in front of them had planted the flag and ordered ti- m to halt, at the same time pulling their pistols and threatening to shoot the first man who dared to advance. Major Jones afterward remarked that it was simply a blufl" on his part, as he didn't have a single cartridge in his pistol at the time. "They halted, however, and Major Fitzhugh had returned to report that they w' re threatening to come in anyhow and kill everybody — Americans or anybody else — v, lo tried to prevent them. He thouf'ht some troops should be sent there, and I referred him to General Greene, who just then came out SURRENDER OF MANILA. of the walled city H « • ^^^ troops were i-^.ediatcI;Tplthed^o^:v1nuT"^"f ' ""'"^^-'"^ ^<>-« I liave never before realized 2.f , ' ^""'^^''^ ^^f^-*"*:^. at and not know where the bullet is co' in ^r"°'"'''""'>' ''^'"^ '^ '« to be shot the Spanish has a very small cal L and .s^ ""." ''''' ''"'^- ^'^^ "-^cl by der the noise was very slight Th '' ^^P^"'"^*^ "^^-'^^ smokeless dow flash could not even be'seefb, nl^ O.? "'^ n"' °^ ^"''^'^^ ^^ ^" T e from which the bun.t came b^ h sm^I n" ' '"'^^'"'^'^ ^''^^^ ^--^^^^^^^ This gave one a gen .al idei h... , P'^PP'^L' "oi-^e of the exnlo.i. the Spanish a moft de id adv' "' '"'"^,!'°" °^ ^^ere to shoot ? 4° i' -th S ■^gfields.the fire fro n ^ r/c' ^^ -' steers, who were S old^fashioned powder was in the clrtr'ge ^""^ ""'^ ^"^ '"-'> -"oke. as The other day I was sent by General 'cr the water-works, the reservoir a.fd th. "' '° ^"'"'^^ ^^'^'-"n officers to the hands of the insurgent and j T^"'^ '*'''""• ^^ found l2 L examine the works untif had 2wn /, ^ "''" "°"^^ ^^^^ allow o - Aguinaldo when I start:d m ke 2 fi".:" '''' '''^ ' ^^^ obtr^d ;7* ^^'" P''°^^d t« be an open sesal ^ ''^'^-""oisance around the They would not give up the w'ter-wor l' "' '^''^ "" ^"^^'''-'•- t-ubl - the following day General M r^t dtcT"' "''°"^ '^^ ^^^^ ^nd so 'cernmg the matter, but just aslL'Tl "" '° ^° ''"^ ■'^-- Aguinaldo --t storm and over 'the worst roadHer"^ P-parations to star^ in he naldo came to see General Greene abotth ""' '"" '"'^''''^'^ from Agu ! agreeable journey. Everytl'g t ' ' • """ ^^r^'""' ^° ^ ^^ -ve'c . ^'eheve ,t.s straightening itself ou? as rJV T^'^^^^^le confusion, b.t I be expected under the cfrcumstances." ^^ "^ ' "^ '^"°°*^^y - <^o"ld wcl' ®«°eral Merritt 8 Report. -- ^r^ ^^^t::^^^-- - -^ operations abou. -cfly the story of his embarkation and . T' f"^"^' ^ '• ^ftcr giving of the troops there, he says: ^ '"'"'' ^^ ^^"''-'^nd the disposition I found General Green^'e -ning parallel to the shore o thT ba,"' ^""T' °" ^ ^*^'P °^ -"^X land but owmg to the gre..t d,fficutes of tnd "°' '''" '"^^"^ '"-"^ the beach the force had shcter tents onlv ° . '"^ '"P^''" '^'' g-'eater portion of --P being situat.d in a low tt' Place'^H '""""'"^ '"^">' cliscon'ot the ^P'cal sun. or adequate prot'ectL^ r.^'"'^' ""^'^'^^ fro'" the heat of the f-q"-t at thi, season. "^ ''°" '"""§^ ^^^^ ^-rific downpours of raVn so was at oiice struck by the rvf.,T„,i y exemplary spirit of patient, even cheerful. 348 SURRENDER OF MANILA. endurance shown by the officers and men under such circumstances, and this feeling of admiration for the manner in wliich the American soldier, volunteer and regular alike, accepts the necessary hardships of the work they have undertaken to do, has grown and increased with nearly every phase of ihe diiikult and trying campaign which the troops of the Philippine expedition have brought to such a brilliant and successful conclusion. The Insurgents' Strength. "The Filipinos, or insurgent forces at war with Spain, had, prior to the arrival of the American land forces, been waging a desultory warfare with the Spaniards fm several months, and were at the time of my arrival in considera- ble force, variously estimated and never accurately ascertained, but probably not far from I2,0CX) men. These troops, well supplied with small arms, with plenty of ammunition, and several field guns, had obtained positions of investment opposite to the Spanish line of detached works throughout their entire extent." General Merritt then speaks of Aguinaldo's operations previous to his arrival, and continues : " As General Aguinaldo did not visit me on my arrival nor offer his services as a subordinate military leader, and as my instructions from the President fully contemplated the occupation of the islands by the American land forces, and stated that ' the powers of the military occupant are absolute and supreme, and immediately operate upon the political condition of the inhabitants,' I did not consider it wise to hold any direct communication with the insurgent leader until I should be in possession of the city of Manila, especially as I would not until then be in a position to issue a proclamation and enforce my authority, in the event that his pretensions should clash with my designs. " For these reasons the preparations for the attack on the city were pressed, and military operations conducted without reference to the situation of the insurgent forces. The wisdom of this course was subsequently fully established by the fact, that when the troops of my command carried the Spanish intrenchments, extending from the sea to the Pasay Road, on the extreme Spanish right, we were under no obligations, by prearranged plans of mutual attack, to turn to the right and clear the front still held against the insurgents, but were able to move ' ^ward at once and occupy the city and suburbs. . "To return to the situation of General Greene's brigade as I found it on my arrival, it will be seen that the difficulty in gaining an avenue of approach to the Spanish line lay in the fact of my disinclmation to ask General Agninaido ■'ir- , and this volunteer hey have ise of she ixpedition rior to the e with tltc considera- t probably arms, with )sitions of ;hout their ious to his »r offer his 3 from the : American re absolute ition of the munication : of Manila, -oclamation [ clash with i city were le situation uently fully carried the oad, on the ged plans of against the the city and found it on approach to 1 Agiiinaldo SURRKNDKR OF MANILA. 349 to withdraw from the beach and the ' Calle Real ' so thnt Cr... t i r<^ru/3fri Tu: v-unc ivt.u, SO mat Urccnc could Hiovp The Spanish Night Attack. ll.o« who deserve rdaF ^i "'r , °'"f'°" '° ""'"'>-■'"' ^y """"= .ion was extended anstZXt^er 7 ''r'^"""'^' °"' P"''" repeated nig,,, attack,, our Tee, ™ffe " T' '"'"""' '""""''""v wounded and killed, while the o'se! he' "' ""^'''""''l'-- I"'" '" could not be ascertained '"""^' °""'B "> ""^ *"''•"''''. n,ad:iIt;lZ:?:ernto':'ce"t'7 Tr *= ''''' ''''"' ^- -'P-' '"'y Arthur's britnde ll th T , """"" '""''" "■'* general Mac. ditolte, fthU ;t;\^\7; The were at anchor off cZit7Jf^ '" °""-""'""='l- The transport, desired to dLcllk t^^e^ """ ' ^°'"' °" '"^ ''^^^"' »""= i' -' ^^. ana,, acc;.ph4:3 - ^ d tfk Ltar^ ■ I" S had about's fo^ '"''"'''' "' MacArthur's brigade in support of Greehe's I ' or final Lion T ' " T """ '" ^"^^"^^ '''"^ ' ^^^^^ '>- ^-^ had come ^y rs!r:rAdn!^;'re;rt ttuid^^:,rt^ ^'^^ -"^"^"---^^^^ t' • ripht nf fh« c • iT , • "''^ ^"°^ ^'•"' ■''h'Ps to open fire on .o/^p1hr„iS.''lironre;,L=^^^^^ .>d=r i, „„,e. „e .ere i„-da„ger of losin, ;:;; *L^t;;tttar Tfl;: • li 350 SURRENDER OF MANILA. !lK!|.*.. 11 1 1 Spanish, for the reason that, in his opinion, it would precipitate a general engagement, for which he was not ready. " Now, however, the brigade of General MacArthur was in position, and the Monterey had arrived, and under date of August 6th Admiral Dewey agreed to my suggestion, that we should send a joint letter to the Captain- General notifying him that he should remove from the city all non-combatants within forty-eight hours, and that operations against the defences of Manila J might begin at any time after the expiration of that period. " This letter was sent August /, and a reply was received the same date to the efiect that the Spanish were without places of refuge for the increased numbers of wounded, sick, women and children nov/ lodged within the walls. On the 9th, a formal joint demand for the surrender of the city was sent in. This demand was based upon, the hopelessness of the struggle on the part of the Spaniards, and that every consideration of humanity demanded that tlie city should not be subjected to bombardment under such circumstances. Tlu; Captain-General's reply, of same date, -stated that the Council of Defence had declared that the demand could not be granted; but the Captain-General offered to consult his Government if we would allow him the time strictly necessary for the communications by way of Hong Kong. " This was declined on our part, for the reason that it could, in the opinion of the Admiral and myself, lead only to a continuance of the situa- tion, with no immediate result favorable to us, and the necessity was appaitrr and very urgent that decisive action should be taken at once to compel iho enemy to give up the town, in order to relieve our troops from the trenches, and from the great exposure to unhealthy conditions, which were unavoida- ble in a bivouac during the rainy season. The Plan of Assault. " The seacoast batteries in defence of Manila are so situated that it is impossible for sh ps to engage them without firing into the town, and as the bombardment of a city filled with women and children, sick and wounded, and containing a large amount of neutral property, could only be justified as a last .resort, it was agreed between Admiral Dewey and myself that an attempt should be made to carry the extreme right of the Spanish line of intrenchments in front of the positions at that time occupied by our troops, which, with its flank on the seashore, was entirely open to the fire of the navy. " It was not my intention to press the assault at this point, in case the enemy should hold it in strong' force, until after the navy had made prac ticable breaches in the works and shaken the troops holding them, which SURRENDER OF MANILA. ,, 351 appended. I, was belLed, however as Irn'^^M"" °' ''""'' ''"="' with the principles of civili.ej warfe ; ,1,7^. '°' '"'' '" ^""•'da-ee drive the ene™', out of his inteTctr. te t^^r^^^^'r^™? " ment of the city. "ciure resorting to the bombard- General Thomas M. Anderson commnn^ , ""^ ^°''P'' K'-'gadier General Anderson moved hs head^u^^^^^ f ^"'p"^"^'^'P^^'"°" °^^he attack and assumed direct command in the fid cT iT ''" '^'^^'^ ^^'"P"^ instructions, referred to -^bove ZT. , . ?P''' °^ ''^' ^'■'"^" ^"^^ verbal sion and brigade comra^deTs o tt^S tVllll"' T^^ ^''^^" ^^ ^^^^^ ^'-■- on the 13th at an early hour in the mormng '""^^ ""^ '" P°^'^'- Dewey Opens the Fight projectiles on the sea flank of fteS„ani*1,* t '' *'"' '"" ^"P'*"- «ne fort, and at the same til the Utah 1^" !"""'' "' ""=''°"''" '"»Sa- near the ' Calle Heal ■ began firinp. wM, '" ''°"''°" '" '""• '"="">« ra.-.ged signal from our tfenc rfha, ij l?t T'T'' ^' '°'^5, on a prcar- .he navy ceased firin,, andtmed .^.ra irt^rf'lr^""'',''™""' o-rear.h«rKadvanci„^":^;^^ ».n.„:TtVeLt7 IraX'pltd^r:^? ""' ""^ -" '"' '--''" by a sharp fire from a second Le slated „H T""' 7*' ""^ "='••= '"=' a number of men were killed LI 1 . ''""'"' °' '""''"<=■ '>>' "h'* pu«ed down the Spanilh ^oLrs S^lX „""; rSt °''h " *: ^°'*"" "^'' "The works of the second lin. =7 ""'' ""'"' °"' """• of Greene's troops, and t^arol ; rArb:,"^? "" TT' '"^' ""™"^= and over the bridges to occUBV Bin™l , I = ''f. '■'•P""^ "■""«'' M"'^'"= Ws instructions. !„ the meaT.fm^Tlet'd/orr ■'"?'«" T"'^"""'*^ '" ■ng simultaneously on the Pasav r„ d . f '"""' ""■^A"'"""-. advanc- "o-n the block-houses, tren! 7a d worrSr? T ''"" "'■ ^""""^ -gallant,and;.;ile„^:C=-::^t^-:-„- f )|4 I ' 352 SURRENDER OF MANILA. and the troops engaged, these difficulties were overcome with a niinimum loss and MacArthur advanced and held the bridges and the town of Malate. as was contemplated in his instructions. "The city of Manila was now in our possession, except the walled town, but shortly after the entry of our troops into Malat« a white flag was displayed on the walls, whereupon Lieutenant-Colonel C. A. Whittier, Umtea States Volunteers, of my staff, and Lieutenant Brumby, United States navy, repre- senting Admiral Dewey, were sent ashore to communicate with the Capta.>,-| General. I soon personally followed these officers into the town, going .M once to the palace of the Governor-General, and there, after a conversation with the Spanish authorities, a preliminary agreement of the terms of capitu- lation was signed by the Captain-General and myself. This agreement was subsequently incorporated into the formal terms of capitulation, as arranged by the officers representing the two forces. American Flag Unfurled. " Immediately after the surrender the Spanish colors on the sea front were hauled down and the American flag displayed and saluted by the guns of the navv The Second Oregon regiment, which had proceeded by sea from Cavite was disembarked and entered the walled town as a provost guard, and the Colonel was directed to receive the Spanish arms and deposit them in places of security. The town was filled with the troops of the enemy driven in from the intrenchments, regiments formed and standing in lino in the streets, but the work of disarming proceeded quietly, and nothing unpleasant °'*'"' 'in "leaving the subject of the operations of the 13th, I desire here to record my appreciation of the admirable manner in which the orders for attack and the plan for occupation of the city were carried out by the troops exactly as contemplated. I submit that for troops to enter under fire a town covering a wide area, to rapidly deploy and guard all principal points m the extensive suburbs, to keep out the insurgent forces pressing for admi.ss.on to quietly disarm an army of Spaniards more than equal m numbers to the American troops, and finally by all this to prevent entirely all rapine, pd.ao. and disorder and gain entire and complete possession of a city of 300,000 neoDle with natives hostile to the European interests and stirred up by the knowledge that their own people were fighting in the outside trenches- was an act which only the law-abiding, temperate, resolute American soldier well handled by his regimental and brigade commanders, could accomplish. " It will be observed that the trophies of Manila were nearly #900,000, 13,000 prisoner-s, and 22,000 arms." SURRENDER OF MANILA. 353 in relation ,o th^ra„ fciflhl- / T .'''■°'"' '"'"' ""= Governor-General .i.e proclamation ^rdllrn^r. ''"ht ! "elt"^ ^Th °", "'^^'°""'' *"' status quo in whieh we were left Jth Z .■ . ' '"''^'^'^ "'^' *e existing at the ti.e of The reeelr by Le ofTTffi: ^t""'" "" '"=' .ustta.. u „e deliver, of L fu'n*:;i;ictw:f'lt": 2^ te' t" ' as Mirr;^<;tero:rca':::ctw:s '"' •'^=^'^"^*-^ naldo on several occasions y,7t "■"""=" ™""^™«:at.on with General Agui- of the town of Ma„ a„d suburbs°':d JJ ""'T'^' ''^'""^ °-""- to withdraw his troops to a iine ^wih trgt i^^^rb^tlt'.h ^"'"'"''' askmg certain favors for himself. The maUerrf^^h '^""^ ""^ been settled at the date of my departure. ~"nect,on had not " Doubtless much dissatisfaction is felt bv th^ ™„l, , j c, , , gents that they have not been permitted to en ot^ "" '"'"'" and there is some ground for fr„,.H. „ .u ^ '^ occupancy of Manila, withstanding many^rulrs th contaTv llrfr"' '° "^' "^'' ^'" "°'- -^'::y^^r^p:^^::'xz-;^^s...s wou. bf .o -e .he~„rors ::;xr t:rr; xr ""- ■" ^-- /"~^ -^^e:^ General Anderson's Statement, the operations about Manila • ^ ^ ^^''P^' ^^ *<> Agui'la^tdleflffit Lmlh: tT ■ t f '"' ■•"^"^="' ""''• dnv«„ Ua^i. .-,- V . "'"' ^"'^^ tne Spanish force.q haH u/.thd-sw- a^nd^fci^^ni^m"^ '^■'"^''' '° ^ '^ "^ '<^^-- i-edt:;;; 23 354 SURRENDER OF MANILA. 111' i ' ;i " He estimated the Spanish forces at about 14,000 men and his own at about the same number. He did not seem pleased at the incoming of our land forces, hoping, as I believe, that he could take the city with his owe army with the co-operation of the American fleet." General Anderson thus describes the attack on Manila, which was under his immediate command, subject to orders from General Merritt. whose head- quarters were on a dispatch boat : r„ , . 1_ . 1 "The fleet opened fire at 9.30 a.m. The first shots fell short; but the range was soon found, and then the fire became evidently effective I at once telegraphed General MacArthur to open on blockhouse No. 14 and begin his attack At the same time seven of the guns of the Utah Battery opened fire on the enemy's works in front of the Second Brigade, and two guns on the' right of this brigade opened an oblique fire toward blockhouse No. 14. " Riding down to the bcacl?, I saw two of our lighter draft vessels approach and open on the Polvorin with rapid-fire guns, and observed at the same time some men of the Second Brigade start up the beach. I ordered the First California, which was the leading regiment of the reserve, to go forward and report to General Greene. Going to the reserve telegraph I received a mes- sage from MacArthur that his fire on the blockhouse was effective, but that he was enfiladed from the right. "I knew from this that he wished to push the insurgents aside and put in the Astor Battery. I then authorized him to attack, which he did, and soon after the Twenty-third Infantry and the Thirteenth Minnesota carried the ad- vance line of the enemy in the most gallant manner, the one gun of the Utah Battc.y and the Astor Battery lending most effective assistance. Colorado Men Charge. " In the meantime the Colorado Regiment had charged and carried the right of the enemy's line, and the Eighteenth Regular Infantry and the Third Heavy (regular) Artillery, acting as infantry, had advanced and passed over the enemy's works in their front without opposition. The reserve was ordered forward to follow the Second Brigade, and a battery of Hotchkiss guns was .directed to follow the Eighteenth Infantry. " Soon the men from Nebraska and Wyoming came on shouting, for the white flag could now be seen from the sea front ; yet the firing did not cease, and the Spanish soldiers at the front did not seem to be notified of the sur- render. In the meantime the reserves had been ordered forward, except one regiment whicl was ordered to remain in the Second Brigade trenches. The seven Utnh guns were also ordered to the front, one infantry battalion being directed to assist the men of the batteries in hauling the guns by hand. SURRENDER OF MANILA. 355 " The field telegraph wires extenHm^ • right, for a ti.e gave dlcouraglng tp t' "WTt f ^° ^'^ ^''^^^- enemy entrenched and the timber thick on both .1 r T' contracted, the regiments could be put on the firing ite The Fo- ^ " ^ ^ '"'• """'^ '^° forward, but could not fire a shot UndJrth Infantry was brought MacArthur to countermarch and come to mTi TT""'"''''' ^ telegraphed trenchmeuts and the beach, This ZT.f ,, ' ^^ """^ ^^ ^'^'^-'^ m- ,.that MacArthur was too far committed to relve'^'T."' '°°" '''''' ' ^^^^"^^ Battery had been dragged to the fron ol a ^h^ °' ''^ ""'''^ were about being put into the battery. "^"""'^ exertions and " At the same time I receiver! a f<.i»„ threatening to cross the bamboo br^d^eor ''^''l^'^^' ^^e insurgents were to guard our ammunition at Pasay f ord »H " 'ifu '"' ^° P"^^"' ^^is and It was evidently injudicious undeT these cicu" f '° '^"^'•°" *° ^^at point. Brigade, so the order was couln^nVed a^T' *° "'^hdraw the First our success on the left. "^ermanded and a despatch sent announcing the bw'^rjaT^tnTg^;^^^^^^^^ ^- captured and that by one of my aides and marched down to the CuaVf rj"'^^^"^"^'>' -^' ^ada de Paca. 1 had gone in the melntil . ^u '^^ ^^'"*" ^^ ^^e Cal- city. and learning that the SeconTn '^' '°"'^ ^'''^2^ ^^ the walled Colonel Whittierlast conference w^rfhTs""-^ ''' ^^"^' -^ ^^- General Greene to proceed at once I th H, K^"f commandant, I directed Pasig, retaining only the Wyoming B^hon t?^ ' '•' ''^ """^^ ^'^^ ^^ ^^^ the connection between the two br^ades » '""''" ""''^ '"^ '° ^^^P "P O'Connor's Adventures. "hers h. . p,.a,.,d frcfhis regi^nU^d^ .' ''«'';'''"™' "f M=e„ ski™,. «"W"g a ..•o,.J. probably i„ Se" r „f thf ' '''°'^'''''''« ''"■ '^-l "i'hout op,.J„on until he came ,o the rl^f pT-' """''='"'' '""' "«^ -'r la Ca.zada, where, leamintr that n.„ ..^"^'"S: until he came to the Paseo de he took post at the br:d;eVc^. h of S ^T "71 ^"""^ °" ^^ ^ ^ ^^er, force south of the Pasig^ed 1^ thisTm i itT "'^'^ ''"^'^'"^ ^^P-^^^ Captain O'Connor deserves recognition trl ""I''''''' '" ^""'^y'^^S crowds, played in this remarkable adventure. " ' '="°-""^ ^nd bravery he dis. , I 356 SURRENDER OF MANILA. " The opposition we met in battle was not sufficient to test the bravery of our soldiers, but all showed bravery and dash. The losses show that the leading regiments of the First Brigade, Thirteenth Minnesota and Twenty- third Infantry, and the Astor Battery met the most serious opposition and deserve credit for their success. The Colorado, California and Oregon regi- ments, the regulars and all the batteries of the Second Brigade showed such zeal that it seems a pity that they did not meet foemen worthy of their steel." MacArthvir's Narrative. General Arthur MacArthur, who commanded the First Brigade, Second Division, Eighth Corps, in the operations against Manila, in his report on the surrender of that city said : " Several hours before the operations of the day were intended to com- mence there was considerable desultory firing from the Spanish line, both of cannon and small arms, provoked no doubt by Filipino soldiers, who insisted upon maintaining a general fusilade along their lines. The fire was not returned by our troops, and when the formation of the day was commenced things at the front were comparatively quiet. " By 8 o'clock the position was occupied, about 9.35 the naval attack commenced, and some twenty minutes thereafter the gun of Battery B, Utah Artillery,, opened on Blockhouse 14, the guns of the Astor Battery having engaged an opposing battery some minutes after the opening of the naval attack. There was no reply from the blockhouse or contiguous lines, either by guns or small arms. The opposition to the Astor fire, however, was quite energetic ; but after a spirited contest the opposition, consisting probably of two pieces, was silenced. " This contest was the only notable feature of the first stage of the action, and was especially creditable to the organization engaged. The posi- tion, selected by Lieutenant March, after careful personal reconnoissance, was perhaps the only one possible in the vicinity, and it was occupied with great skill and held with commendable firmness, the battery losing three men wounded, one of whom has since died. " At about 11.20 a United States flag was placed upon Blockhouse 14, thus concluding the second stage of the action without opposition and with- out loss. " The general advance was soon resumed. At a point just south of Singalong, a blockhouse was found burning, causing a continuous explosion of small arms ammunition, which, together with a scattering fire from the enemy, retarded the advance for a time. All Hifficalties were soon overcome, howeter, including the passage of the Astor Battery, by the determined SURRENDER OF MANILA. 357 l.o„ arose at Blockhouse .o, of the Spanish defensTs '™« "P"""- Minnesota Men in Advance and Captain Sawtelle of the briMde^lf? "^"""y- J-'dl'y Lieutenant March . point within less IZ eighty trdsof'theM '\t""''':°"""="' "^■^"^'^ retire to the intersecting road ^ *e v il ' at Lwch""''- ."" ""*'" '° improvised and occupied ,y a firi';7lt":f It tf. r'e^^sTdf,"^' conspicuous individual actions in the first rush the well! Tl / °'" this liring line was the marked featurelf tte'co„te!f I^H^ "'°''"" °' possible, to ascertain the names of the LT, .,' t " " P"VO''-i. if mend them for special distinct ""^'^'^ ""* ' ™" '° -^°"- .Hi;M';"^pLi:sa:;i"iii't:rnf^irs::t^^"--'""- .he retreat of the adversary. The city w^l.^^e fw tZu ttr'Sr^ Brij;ies-sa°;rr;lr^-^^^^^^^^^^^ about Manila, recapitulating i„ tL fo^^™ : " """""' '" '"' ""«- "This brigade reached Manila Bay July 17th • Und,d ,„j . ^,- . c«mp July I9th-2,..t; was attacked by the Spantards Fut , T^'"''"' August .d,and August sth; led .he'dvLT the i,t ^k' ^d cT' '^'r Manila, August Ij.h. Our losses were sixteen knied and . - '•""'= "^ Lis impossible to give any accurate figure of "he Isses of .e ='" "".""l!"- .. IS probably safe to say that their lofses frorAug„; ,st L "I^X ■' '"' least forty killed and 100 wounded. ^ '3* """^ « " The manner in which the troops performed their duties whe,l, c ... mg, working in the trenches or sitting still under ZT^^ I '^'"" to return it, is worthy of the very higL "p-se ' ' "" """ "^""^ "<" and -Srwltu 'fn?.rf t °?l ^'"' ^'"'''°' "''^ Nebraska «,;e'jrm^lrr°i:!;-' '^'-"'- ^■■- an'^ Ti.?d Batlir^SirdT > — =5^; ■mec-r uattalion. Rev. Joseph L. Hunter, Chaplain of ,he Tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, 358 SURRENDER OF MANILA. in a letter to a friend gives an interesting picture of life in the Philippines since the fall of Manila. Rewrites: " Since we left Mt. Gretna for the Philippines we have lost our regimental number and have throughout been known and honored as the ' Pennsylvania boys ' and all classes unite in the effort to make it pleasant for the Keystone State' soldiers. While we have thus been the recipients of the favors that; belong to the State, we have tried to merit them and reflect honor on our * "We have met Pennsylvanians everywhere, and we think at least lOO,- ooo ooo people have told us that they or their parents or grandparents hvcd in or passed through Pennsylvania at some time in their lives. These all know us and want to know us, and we want to know them. When we go back to Pennsylvania, as we hope and pray we soon may. many will appre- ciate it as they never did before, and they will settle down and end their clays in some part of our grand old Commonwealth. We are fond of Philadelphia, because we have met the most genial people from Philadelphia everywhere. '< But I must tell you about ourselves. At present the Tenth Pennsyl- vania Volunteers' headquarters are in the municipal building. Parque de Bom- berus Santa Cruz, District of New Manila. Companies B and K are also here ' Companies D and E are lOO yards north, at a bank on the Escolta. Major Bierer and the others are at the Prer.idio. guarding the prison. They have over 2,000 prisoners for various crimes. Yesterday 152 were released by the United States investigating officers, and you cannot imagine how they made the air ring with their 'Viva Americanos!' They were political pri- soners, and some of them were in for life. " The United States cannot keep men in prison who tried to gain their country's liberty. The St. Paul arrived yesterday with more troops and much mail. The free copies of your paper sent us have been a great boon to all of us Nearly all are out of money, and even if we had it we could not very well send for papers, as we were unable to pay for them. Pay day will be here soon. " The pay rolls are all ready now, and as soon as we get our pay we are ready to go home; but the transports are being sent home and we are now resigned to a two months' sojourn here at least~we will be glad to get away then." CHAPTER XXI. Chief Government Detective's Story of the Spies of Spain and How they Were Captured. tnend We have had bad luck, for they have captured the two best sp,es one in Washington-who hung himself "^rwlinthev hung-and the other, day before yesterday in Tamol T^ extraordinary vigilance on the part of the Americans " ^ " " until^rred^ulTfCa^^^^^^ ^^-'^"^ ^P^^ ^-Montreal, American Secret Service was deerve/T ^°^^^""^"^' ^"^ ^is tribute to the can agents is best told by Jot: e,1 W^^^^^^ who himself prepared the following article " ^""'' ^''''''' many matters associated with its admi ist.TZ, I ,, ""' ^'"'"'"' made the subject of publication '''"■'■■'""'"°" "'"^h cannot properly be be .Zh:d?pri:';i;ifZef °".f s^'v °r r ,*■" ™" '" ^--^ ™^ -• .hin. . one ab^out whicMreTrite^,:;'::: tr ^^ '^'""' '"" •>-"-'- were .^kt^:de7^aTvi:^:f st' V""";^"'* """'" "^^ '•"'^"""= ^'^P' «ip, to organise rau,^ia:yo,roT Gage a„a Assistant Secretary Van- Treasury Denartment Th, "' ^"'"^ '''""'"' °' *■= branch of the goveLelusT. "r"TT '=""" *= ''^'"" <°"=^ "' *"' drawn upon onlv for Z. """""'"'<' V an appropriation which may be ing. As'soontthe defenei'r'f k'"""'" '" "" '"PP'^^^'"" "' --"=*''■ li.ninary allol^nf oV f^S or rr^nd^'me t '"• '"="' -"^^ = "^ u- use, anc ^ome wecKs later increased this 869 360 THE SPIES OF SPAIN. by ^50,000, which, it was estimated, would be sufficient to maintain the force for several months. " The publication of the fact that there had been n pccfal allotment for an addition to the secret service made i: wholly unneces iry to adv itise for men. The applic, ions during the first thirty days exceeded a thousand, and the pressure for appointment became embarrassing ; but the peculiar nature of the work the men would ^lave to do made it essential th.^t they should be thoroughly familiar with Spanish. This quickly disposed of m" " than ninety per cent, of the applicants, and of the remainder there were few who posse scd the other qualifications — detective experience, rugged health, strength, cour- age and enthusiasm There's No Money In If; " It is morally certain that when the force was completed there wa^ not a man among them who was there for what there was ' in it,' the pay being four dollars a d?iy and traveling and living expenses, the latter being limited to three do*)arv a day. With one exception they were under f' rty years of age. All of r« ;tiri fairly bubbled over witli loyalty, were determined to make a record, and ".vare prepared for any emergency that might arise. " It n ay surprise a great many persons Lo know that the auxilliary force of the Secret Service during the war was smaller than the local staff of a large metropolitan new.spaper ; but ar the men were unusually intelligent and re- liable, it was possible to satisfactorily cover the country with a comparatively small number of operatives. " Thanks to a patriotic public, the division was early supplied with much information relating to suspicious strangers. A realization of the danger to the country from these internal enemies placed every one on the alert, and letters fairly poured into the office. Most of them were founded on trivial suspicion, but more than a thousanc^ of the .'suspects' reported by mail were investigated. The greater number of these were found to be persons who were injudicious in expressing sentiments not entirely loyal, but only when they went so far as to threaten what they would do if they had an opportunity were they warned that they were simply making trouble for themselves. " When it was possible the men were kept at headquarters in Washington for some tinn- before being assigned to independent work outside, and as the capital was a prolific field for mysterious foreigners, there was an excellent opportunity to test the ability of the agents in various ways, especially in the important matter of 'shadowing,' a fine art in itself They were also enabled to obtain a general idea of their duties, but such an arrangement was not always convenient, " However it is pleasant tp .record but one failure. Jo .that particular case THE SPIES OF SPAIN. jg, In Touch V Washington. "Each operative was orovidt », a ^;. i j , poses, and when his territoryTad ,.en l^^Z " ^^^ ^^'^^^'^Ph-'c pur- constant touch with Wash nS^nn T ^-^"""^ """' "''P"'^*^'^ t° "^^^P '" a large map of the Ur^tcd sfl^' "//"''*' °^" ** headquarters I had s.aif ^.^.j^:^:::^:;::^:;^ ^r; t::^ a^tot' r' '^ -- °^ ^le force at a glance. *° '°"**^ ^very man on Galveston, San Frat^ra'd%h^ T^^ ^^sT'' T": ''=" *'='-• activity. ^ *'^"'P^ ^^""e the principal points of serv-'^Tr r.te s'':^:^::'r^V'r'r''f' '" ="*«•>" '° *= Secret .h. laner par. of .h. war wa, ^efuf ^0^ XTh' t f ' '"" '"""^ desertcs and military offender, of »n L° ^.f ^' °' "">' "'°f=». in the „,atter of actlrty tho' h lit ."''"' ™' " ^ood second them a) ^' ^""^^ '*"" ""' ''■"" "'h'^n Washington led linos of Lestigltio^ h r etoenT r V"' '"™°" '° '"" "■« <="'-" defence fund O °h;thourH ' '" " ''""S decayed from the luiiu. ur tne thousand or more ' suspects ' sompth.nn- ^ • , dred men and women were at nn^ f •«, "^Pects somethmg over six hun- varyfng periods amonrthem n" V VT^"' ""'^''' ^^°^^ '""".eillance for makers^ mariners eTectncalexn'ert"""' ''"""'''• '°^*°"' '"^••^^-^^' -S-- uncertain anteceVents a ' "S^^^^^^ ""P'°^^" °' '°^''^" ^'^^^ and servants. Everl man' in th. ' ' ^''''"''^''^'' society women and report coverinrhirpe::tit;arirwe7e^;^^^^^^^^^ ^^ f ^-^--'^^ ^^^'X '"^ '"rtr tr "t-'"^ ^^^^^-^ -^oTith rJtn^^^^^^^^^^ 0' having been w iUen bvltl, . '"^ ^'''''''' '^ "^"' •'^'"^ ^^'dences -rvethdrcountr About h'T,l""'"'"''^^ '•^' ^ '''>'^' ^-b''^'- to -"ent, but there bdnAo ^ .1 ^''' '^^''"^^'^ '° ^''^ ^- ^epart- they were refri.^^^h Tre" u n''^ '" ^'f '""^'^ °^ ^^^ ^-""-"^ " Man,, r^f ~.u ^^ Department for consideration. Many of the wnters confessed to an absolute ignoranc, of detective ^. ^ .^^> >, o."*:^.^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) // {/ ^ .5.*. -^ 1.0 1.1 11.25 Ua2S |25 Jfiy |22 Z |£& 12.0 •I lab m 0? $^ ^bi r^- HiotDgraphic Sciences Corporation 23 WiST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSN (716)872-4503 ^^ ^ <^ ^.ik, 362 THE SPIES OF SPAIN. \mh work, and apparently overlooked the fact that we were dealing with a foe whose language was not our own ; but among the hundreds and hundreds of letters there were many whose authors were even more at sea as to the general qualifications necessary for the work. " One man advanced the statement that he had been married four times— possibly to emphasize the fact that his courage was beyond question. Another pointed out that, being the fortunate possessor of ' Spanish whiskers,' he could work among the enemy with absolute safely. As an example of the queer applications received the following is a gem well worth quoting : " ' i wood be glad to render my servises to the guvernment at aney time or in acny capassity that i might be abel to do i am a man 42 years of age and traveled quite a grate deal and at the present travel and get in with all classes of peopel my occupation is sharpening saws for butchers or ane> body else that has them to so i get amung all classes of peopel i usue 2 lan- gwages german and the ametican or english spoken langwage as for writeing you can see for yurself.' "The early establishment of a 'crank ' box was a necessity, hardly a day passing without a letter or two from some irresponsible visionary or out and out lunatic, There were stacks of anonymous communications threatening death and destruction to every one connected with the ' unholy ' war, and scores of suggestions from demented persons who had 'inspired' plans for the annihilation of all Spanish emissaries. Then there was a class of cranks with hallucinations that they were being dogged by Spanish spies and in danger of assassination, while others had overheard plots to blow up the President and public buildings. Cranks were Numerous. " Where such letters were signed and it was possible to locate the writer.'- the matter was always inve.stigated, but in no instance was the author found to be a responsible person. Not all the cranks stopped at writing to the de- partment. Many of them called at the office and were led gently away, and introduced to the guards at the doors of the Treasury Building and there- after refused admittance. One enterprising woman succeeded in getting in to see me, however, with a unique scheme to ascertam the identity of the leading Spanish agents in this country. " ' This is my plan,' she said enthusiastically, after introducing herself. •As soon as you engage my services I shall go to New York and look about among the theatres until I find where the most patriotic audiences gather. Then at one of the evening performances, when they are all cheering for the United States, I sh?': tand up in my seat and cry, 'Spain forever! Hurrah THE SPIES OF SPAIN. 3^3 thoroughly convinced rtiat .k- departed reluctant y, declining LZ"« Eovemnien, was making a fatal mistake In «re;it",*?rt:s r.h^rs^r'"?'^ ^-"^'-^^^ °f "■= <«™- ;n com.„„i..ing ^^Ht^^r e^ t^ sVo^ ^ret^^ ^^^^ '°"' '^" ■John Ehlen,' which I had reeistered with ,h! i T ">' '"""=■ An Intercepted Telegram. " 0"t of this arrangement grew a carious incident In th^ l=,ff«. * f ^ItlT'TT "'"'•"•«' correspondent, slation d t Wa ifl:' C adm ttTJtt"fail:d *at"'\T '""T"' '"" -""^-ialtst::: for years in thc'wLT^l?:; ^^^^^^.S^^^^^^ .f.^,^" °"" Sh^s^rs-Zsrari*;:^^^^^^ We were particularly interested in the Spanish messa™, »t ,!,„ ,■ having possession of a cipher that was being used ta TomeTf ,t ' away. " ^^ ^ "" '^' ^'""'^ satisfied him and he went 364 THE SPIES OF SPAIN. " A little later I called up the telegraph company and asked that the operator in question should be sent to the office for a moment. In a few minutes he was ushered in-a young, bright-faced fellow, with plenty of cr'^r in his cheeks, and an air of suppressed excitement. I only guessed that he felt his discovery had been of value to the Government, and he was to be rewarded in some way. In reply to my interview, he detailed how he had received the message, and how, when it occurred to him that it might be from one Spanish agent to another, he had surreptitiously obtained a copy of it. The fact that it bore no local address had made it doubly suspicious, as it indicated that it was to be called for. An Awkward Interview. " ' Didn't it occur to you to see if the person to whom it was addressed was registered in the office with delivery directions ? ' " * No sir.' " ' We'll if you had consulted your company's books you would have discovered that I am ' John Ehlen,' and that this is a Government message.' '* The poor fellow's face was a study when he realized that he had held out an official telegram and had tu.ned it over to a newspaper man. He appreciated the gravity of the offence in violating his o"^^ as an operator, and felt that his position was as good as gone, under c ^stances that would make it impossible for him to obtain employment m.a any company. He said nothing, but his eyes filled with tears. " ' Have you a family ? ' " ' No sir but I am supporting my old father and mother.' "'Your motive was the best in the world,' I said, finally, 'but your methods are open to criticism. Now, nothing shall be said to the company about this but if in .he future you catch any mysterious messages, just bring them straight to me without intrusting them to any outsider. If your news- paper friend had succeeded in translating this message, it might have been awkward for all of us.' ^ , . ., . u • a u * " This was quite true, for the message in question detailed briefly, but completely, the capture of the Carranza letter. He gave me a grateful pres- sure of the hand, and the incident was closed. You see, we often run very near the danger line. , . l *i. c -.t, *' Apropos of ciphers, there were several employed by the Spanish. There was a ' figure' cipher, which we were unable to translate, and there was another whose mystery we solved. This was rather ingenious, and as simple :,<; it was clever. The day of the month on which the communication was written was the key. For instance, if the letter was dated on the Otn, 1 THE SPIES OF SPAIN. th<; sixth letter of the alphabet ' f • «, and so on. This gave a change L "'1 '" ^'^^ °'" ' '' ' ^ ' '"«tead of ■ b ' "Among the Jetters ,..J 5 J^'^ '^'*>' '" "''^ '"onth. B luc ititers seized on the sfpam^.- u wh.ch, after compleung what looked 11^13 '"'"'•■" "" '""""^ '""■''I ™ author had written the secret informltL^ , 7^ *"■ °>"""°"Placc letter, the ■nk. which d-elopedonly;: ,^™ ° ,^^;"-^ ''"-'" »y."l«.het,c enough to scorch the paper. There weria „^ k <=n.p=n.turc aln.ost high »uspect.d individuals in New OrSs rdat^, , I °' """ ■■""" '"'"'-''"> be shipped ,„ the open ports of Cuba and , u •""""" "' ^"PP"" 'o «s extended to indudi^the whole^;,::' the ' ""'= '"^ ""= "''='""'= movement of supplies fron, this col^t Wrr ' '"^' ""^ ""*"' «.a. inX^the' Zl^':!^^':"^:"' T" "" •'^'— ' - speak Spanish like a natife, andThTright oZ,' r" '''"""■^^' ""<' ""^ ta.n that within a compara ivelv sh„ f "PPf"""")-. " »as moderately cer. could be induced to de« »as certainly acting as a. a|e„t for the eTe nt;;.'' '""'""'' "> ^Pain, and now "A(V,r ^- '°'«»«efa«Jig the Doctor. After sending to several of the writers «f ti l-bing the fact that they were reputabira^" ''"'^"""8 '=«"» ="<< e«ab- were made for a careful watch u'pon the do," " P=™"^' "™8e.T,e„,s to include no suspicious individuals ht .^ ' associations were found e behaving himself like antdt; CaT TheT'T^'' """ '' ^==-^ -pyruX^:h-t-dr^^^^^ cr-~ "- -p-t-^^^ rr J"rrj.. ijut he was an influential man -vith ™, " -^ndship for this -a. positions, and if the charges Z^ ^S 'S.:^^::: l^^Z 866 THE SPIES OF SPAIN. I I enemy, because he was so situated as to easily obtain very important informa- tion. It was therefore extremely desirable to fix his exact status. The (]ucs- tion was whether he was doing more than employing mere moral force in behalf of Spain. Any one could obtain his friendly view of the Dons for the asking, but if he was engaged on a secret mission it would require exceedingly delicate work to ascertain the truth. " It chanced that the first week in May I had made a short trip to the West_ and on the ' limited ' formed the acquaintance of a foreign gentleman, an Aus- trian, en route to Mexico. He had given me his card, a very formidable black bordered affair, identifying him as Count L , of Vienna, an officer of the Society of Jesus. I had kept the pasteboard, and one day, while the case of the German doctor was under consideration, a glance at it in my desk sug- gested a plan which was soon given a trial. " I assigned to the work an operative speaking all the Continental languages, thoroughly familiar with Austria, Germany and Spain, and other- wise especially well equipped for the task before him. He called upon the Doctor, addressed him in German, begged a private interview, and then con- fided to him that he was anxious to do something for Spain. He alluded touchingly to the natural sympathy for his beautiful countrywoman, who was being so sorely tried. He had met Count L ,who was here on a political mission, anc* had spoken to him of his desire. A Bit of Strategy. " The Count had told him of the great friendship of Austria for Spain, and had advised him that if he wished to sei"ve her he could not do better than call upon the famous Doctor X., who was in a position to instruct him ; be- cause, as the Count had intimated to him in the strictest confidence, the Doctor was doing a little quiet secret work for Spain. The Count had written the doctor's name and address on one of his own cards. Here it was. Now would the good Doctor tell him now he could serve poor Spain ? No mission would be too dangerous for him to undertake. "The Doctor was much agitated during his visitor's recital, which was carried on in a cautious whisper, and when it was finished was silent for a time. Finally he said that though he felt honored at the confidence displayed in his discretion, and would be glad to advise his friend, he himself dared do no more than write and speak for the down-trodden nation. '♦We were satisfied from the result of the test that the Doctor was not a spy, and thereafter disregarded the warnings concerning him. A curious sequel to the .agent's call was that a few days later the Austrian Minister was obliged to deny a foolish story to the effect that his government was pre- THE SPIES OF SPAIN. g^^ - a„x.„, .„ do 3o™e„„„„ fo. an unhapt- 1 'r° """'"" ™" "'•° ™» ;- "-lr rt;x:; xr^^^^^^^^ — ca.a„. Phoid whi,. i„ea,e„aM i„ Fo;: Mcpt 'son '" "" ^ ''"'"■ '» ''""'X •/■ or .he e^ergenc, fo.c« of .he pLe*';"' efs^™,: '" "* °' '"= ^«-'' •• One of H « ^'"^°'^""f «" P<>™« Minister. New vo.Lror„„"ei::;^; :r r,,:; tr'" ■•.--«<'" »- a ,o„„, abroad had given hin, a fluen. Zm^tl Tlr'T ^ '°"S ■'"idencf possessor of m„e|, natural shrewdne " a„a 7,1, "'^"'^"- "= "- "><= 11= wa, .sen, ,o Toronto immedia.ely after , J ' ™ ""'""'-"■""'^'I- nabefron, Washington, „i,h iJZZl,okrTf^"'''-'''''°y'>''- the movement., of the former Minis.e "s pal ta", ^T^'^""""' "dvised of who m,gh. connec. with them in any lay aTd' to i° k "."'"">■ "'*" "'°^ *"5Pi<:'on. ' ""■>'■ "■«' .o do both without arousing .^nal cLr^tanTa': '"he'^r/aV""™ ='^°'"'"« '"" -"P'X' ^V Lieu of his bed was placed, he t Su i u rraldT\^^='"^' "'■=» '^' h"" the morning of Friday, May 6th an earner ' '"' ""'P''"'- Eariy °n was being carried on in .L Ueutenamt ro"""f "?■ ''■''^ '■'"^ '" En^ish, more. The Lieutenant's visitor htjed /„ nt^lt I "? '■'"■ "" *""" "' "can navy and referred to his own ser^L. Tl ''"°*l<=dBe of the Ame- •■ Carranza firs. sa.isfied h.mself .Z L°" "'\B™<"'"- about, and then arranged for h,m go o Wa^Sta'r" t" ""^ ^'' ''"""^ cure certain information and fc ,rd ,■,,."«"'"■ "''"' he was .o se- former Minister was to leave thl '1 ^''°""'' '"' "^ch point the use of the code for telegraphing an h 'n^h-octions were given in the too low to be understood- but rtes". "" """* ''""''" '""' '» a .one ' am ,o write to this address in MoS" "" """^ *^"'' •" -^- " ™" we... for Carran. was ;ust bidding ^-t ^l^^, Z^^ XtrT ^ : 868 THE SPIES OF SPAIN. service man and the stranger walked through the hall, the former asking a light for his cigarette as they passed down the stairway. At the door they separated The suspect was shadowed to an obscure hotel, where it was ascertained that he had registered as 'Alexander Cree* and that he was to leave the city that evening. " That afternoon the following telegram in cipher was delivered to mc : " ' Young Southerner, Alexander Cree, of Hillsboro, I think, leaves for Washington to-night. My height and build, dark, small mustache, black soft felt hat black sack coat, black sailor tie. somewhat shabby, evidently served on Brooklyn ; has intimate knowledge of naval matters. Just had long inter- view with naval attache. He is to write to Montreal. Every Movement Watched. "The next morning arrangements were made to ' cover* incoming trains in Washington, and by the aid of the description our man was picked out of the crowd at the Baltimore and Ohio depot with as much ease as if we had been furnished his photograph. From the moment of his arrival every move- ment was watched. He was evidently familiar with the city, for he asked no questions in going about. One of his trips included a call at the Navy Department, after which he returned to his boarding house. No. 916 E street, N W where he remained for an hour or so, going thence to the post office, where' he mailed a letter. This was promptly secured and taken to head- quarters. It bore the address ' Frederick W. Dickson, Esq.. 1248 Dorchester street, Montreal,' and was as follows : "'Washington, Saturday, May 7, 1898. '"A cipher message has been sent off from the Navy Department to San Francisco, directing the cruiser Charleston to proceed to Manila with five hundred men and machinery for repairs for Dewey. A long cipher has been received from Dewey at department at 3.30 p-M- They are translating it now. Cannot find it out yet. Have heard important news respecting movements of colliers and cruiser Newark at Norfolk Navy Yard, also about the new Holland boat, as to what they intend to do with her, and her destination. I shall go to Norfolk soon to find important news. My address will be Norfolk House. Norfolk, Va., but shall not go until Tuesday. "'Respectfully yours, " ' G, D., in haste." "This fully confirmed the suspicion that he was a hired spy, and war- ranted immediate action. As this offence was a military one I laid the fact before the Assistant Secretary of War and the Judge Advocate General, with THE SPIES OF* SPAm. 369 the result that a military arrest was decided upon. Captain Sage, of the Eighth artillery, with a corporal and one man. was ordered to report to me at the Treasury Building, and at eleven o'clock that night we arrested the sus- pected man in his room. " We rather anticipated a lively time, but much to my surprise he wilted completely when I placed him under arrest and he was led away without resistance. "A search of the apartment resulted in the seizure of partly finished letters to the same addre.ss in Montreal, and documents establishing the identity of the prisoner as George Downing, naturalized citizen and formerly yeoman of the cruiser Brooklyn. In one corner of a bureau drawer, other- wise empty, I found a scrap of letter paper, upon one side of which was the address in Dorchester street, and on the other these words :— ' Slater's Code. To send add loo; to receive subtract loo. Collecting the Evidence. " This was the key to the cipher he was to employ, the system being one m which thousands of ordinary words arranged alphabetically have fixed con- secutive numbers of five figures each. In preparing a telegram under the cipher indicated on the slip, the desired word having been found on the list one hundred would have been added to its corresponding number, and the word opposite the higher number thus obtained would have been used in the cipher message. In translating the cipher, after ascertaining the number associated with the word on the message, the subtraction l ,. hundred would disclose the figures opposite which would be the real word de .ired. " The evidence secured in Downing's room, considered in connection with the consultation with Carranza and the letter mailed to Montreal would have been suflficient to insure conviction, and the prisoner evidently appre- ciated the fact, for two days later he hanged himself in his cell, at the barracks. It may be added that tho Dorchester street house had been rented fur- nished by a Spanish agent the day before Senor Polo left Toronto, but it was soon after given up. "The operations of the Spanish agents in Canada were materially aided by a private detective agency of the Dominion, through which an attempt was made to carry out an extensive and rather ingenious scheme for the collection of information about our forces. Young men who had had experience in the Canadian or English military organizations were to proceed to various points and there enlist in the American army, San Francisco and Tampa being selected as the advantageous points from which to operate. The spies were quietly to collect all the facts as to troops, guns and so on, to proceed with the 24 870 THE SPIES OF SPAIN. " li 'J ill army of invasion to T.Ttnila or Cuba, as the case might be, and upon reachiiiR the foreign port were to escape at the first opportunity and deliver them- selves into the hands of the Spaniards. " Each was to be provided with a plain ring, of gold or silver, upon the inner circumference of which were engraved the words ' Confienza Augustina," and this token was to be sent by a messenger to the commanding officer as soon as possible after reaching the Spanish lines. The general, or whoever received the ring, having been instructed that these would be sent by spies in their service, would summon him and hear his report. He would then be permitted to make his way back to the American lines to establish such other means of communication as might sugge.st themselves. Experience of Two EngliBhmen. " The first of these agents to be secured was a young Englishman in Montreal, whose name might have been Atkins. He was down on his luck, out of work and desperate. He was treated liberally with liquor, and the scheme unfolded to him at the office of the detective agency when he was in a properly receptive mood, and where he was accompanied by another young Englishman, Frederick Elmhurst, who had just served his time in one of the Canadian batteries, and who was also willing to go into the plot. " The following day they were taken to the London House, in Montreal and there met Lieutenant Carranza, who, after looking them over, asked if they understood what they were to do and were willing to undertake the mission. Both agreed to the proposition. They then separated, and Atkins, was to go to San Francisco, was given ^loo with which to pay his transpor- tation, provide himself with the ring and have something left over for emer- gencies. He bought his ticket, but fortunately waited until he was sober before packing up. When his brain had sufficiently cleared to enable him to realize what he was doing he decided to wait awhile. " In the course of a few days he hunted up his old colonel, made a clean breast of the whole matter, and was advised to have nothing to do with it. Then he called on a former employer in Montreal and told him of the propo- sition and of his determination to fight shy of it, adding that he was 'an Englishman and he'd be blowed if he'd fight against white men for any foreigner.' ^ "One of the Spanish-Canadian private detectives, meetmg Atkms some time later, decoyed him to a cheap hotel, where he beat and threatened to kill him, and the victim, fearing further violence, left the country in a cattle steamer bound for Liverpool. His Montreal friend who was an American, having redeemed the unused railroad ticket and taken possession of the ring, THE SPIES OF SPAIN. 37, money and instructions on receipt. "' ^'" ^"■'-" " Thi.s being considered sufficiently suggestive to warrant l,if 'I'T''^'' he was taken in by our agents Paners in li ^"."''^frant Ins detention, .n Tampa,. The Carn,„.a le.,er „a, writ. „ Th" ^ MLltlH 1? referred to would therefore h^^,^ k««« t , ""^"'uay, may 2b, and the date custody. However as rwourdh.Ku'^,"'''" ^'"°'' ^^^ *«'^^" '"»" the LLtenan7s untulrteJ .,r ? '"''^ '"^ *" P*""^^^"*^ ^^^''^ "" ■nformation obtained 3-^''! V "^'" °' *^'^^"'"''' -'^^ other treal were set arwork con r Ir/th T :''"''''''' ^"' ^'^ ^^^"*^ «* ^on- at work con nning the Canadian end of the conspiracy. The Death of MeUor. Atkin, on hehalf o, .he fir^o f„.o Ve th"eme o'f Tnl" ."''° '•'f™"''"' to this cniintr,, ^^j • uctecrives. Atkins was broueht back attoraey an order on the'tetel^hl »*"'>w'«dged .hat he had given .hi, on the telegraph company for copies of .he original mes. I i 11 872 THE SPIES OF SPAIN. sages sent from Canada. In various other ways the connection between th^ Spanish headquarters in Montreal and Mcllor had been established, and the evidence was in the possession of the Judge Advocate General, who had the charges prepared when the protocol was signed. " Had Mellor lived it is quite likely that peace would have given him his liberty, but typhoid claimed him about ten days after the cessation of hos- tilities. Frederick Elmhurst, the Canadian who had succeeded in enlistini^ at Tampa, was arrested and held at Fort McPherson until some days later, when he was sent North and released. " It was generally believed that when Sefior Polo's party lingered in Canada it was the intention to establish an information bureau, and one of the principal tasks of the division was the breaking up of that institution. While many facts ascertained by the agents of the American secret service made it certain beyond question that a regular system of espionage was being con- ducted on neutral territory, there was not enough on which to approach Great Britain with a request for the expulsion of the offenders, and we were anxious to obtain something conclusive upon which action could be based. The men in Montreal were particularly alert for the right sort of evidence, and never left the Spanish combination alone for a moment. Detective's Trick. "When tht former Minister returned to Spain, Lieutenant Carranza and Sefior du Bosc rented a furnished house at No. 42 Tupper street. They took it for two months only, and having ascertained this fact, one of our men secured a card from the real estate agent, requesting that the tenant kindly permit the bearer to see the house. A party of three was then made up, including a lady, and about eleven o'clock in the forenoon of Saturday, May 28, they called, were admitted by the maid and shown slowly through the various apartments. " Carranza and Du Bosc were at breakfast in the lower part of the house, and as the visitors passed through the sleeping room of the former one of the men saw an official looking letter, stamped and ready for the mail, lying upon a dresser. The lady and one of her companions moved out toward the hall with the servant, while the third member of the party slipped the letter into* his pocket. In the lower hall, just before they left, the postman passed in three large letter*', and these would have also been in our possession in a moment but for the sudden appearance of the maid, who took charge of them. " As quickly as possible after leaving the house the letter was enclosed in another envelope, bearing both American and Canadian stamps, and was THE SITES OF SPAIN. .-« intrusted to an AmenVan u, . .nd who wa, in.rc;rto' ar.W^^^^^ ^o -'t upon hi, .n. He crrlcd out hi, share of the wlk perfect 1"^!°"' ^'' -"' ^''^•" •""" 't- nght and bcin,. delivered to me late Sunly n'l' ''"" ""'"« ^"^-«" ^^^ Immediately after Icaviim rh« """^^ "'t'ht. woman left for Toronto a dIh?o hi oT^ ^'^^ ^"'^ '"- «-' the look after another suspect T^^e"?' '''^"' °"* '"^^ ^'•'-' -burbs to headquarters when the^oss wl di co t^m '" ^^f/'-'V of the Spanish i<« Buffalo that followed when the detecul t'we Jr/^v *7'' ^'^^ '^^^^ ^^-^^^^ he subsequent action of the B^i handDom r"'^" '°'' '"'^'^^ -■•"*. and the Spanish agents is well known It i,o„T"'°" '^°^""'"'^"ts in dismissing .a.e the finishing stroke to the sj^ :Z:::^7Z:Z:!^' ''' '^"- Rowan's Brilliant Scouting Lieutenant AlexanHpr <; d op.r«,o„s /„ Cuba to General Calixto Gar^ „f ,. """'" ^""« """'-■/ earned instructions for the iun«i„„ „,:,,?• ''"""'"E™"'rmy. Healso 'he United State. .r^y^hZ^Z ' ""'" "' '^■"" -« G-cia w!.;° erai y.ro"r,^:T.rc"ra'°"^ '!-' '"■■"' ■- "'^- -- >'- - He left Jamaica on April ctrarrvtdrr" '" "" ^«'-" Service Bureau from Stann's Bay o„ April ^thif a ,^1^ '»" ™ ^P"< 'Stl. and departed reported that he landed and su'cc^eded iT Zh "it'e "' "" '='■'"• " '^ He reached Tampa on the steamj J '^ '"surnent camp. breathed a sigh of rdief and «t facrn^tT""' 'V!" """"' "' *«ay and <- h.^ visit to the insureent camp of GeLrl^r"r '^'^'/ ""^ '''•'"" «'<= Pen'^ »f Santiago. ' P ''""^' Cahxto Garcia, in the Province I can assur«> vqu t __, ,i . , . , --■■ - - ■• . -left .ixratrrx:-- -r; "■I 374 THE SPIES OF SPAIN. secrecy to the camp of General Garcia. I went to Bermuda, and from there to Cuba, where I made my way to General Garcia's headquarters under the guidance of several Cubans. You will, of course, understand that I am not permitted to reveal the object or results of my visit to the camp of the Cuban leader further than to say that it related to the contemplated junction of his forces with those of the United States when the invasion of Cuba is made " In an Open Boat. Additional details of Lieutenant Rowan's visit to General Garcia v-'ere given by Lieutenant Colonel Carlos Hernandez, aide to General Enrique Collazo, both of whom accompanied the intrepid American officer from the interior of Cuba to the sea coast, and who shared with him the dangers of the four days' journey in an open boat from the coast to Nassau, Jamaica. " Lieutenant Rowan has seen more of the island of Cuba in a shorter time, and endured more hardships, than any other American," said Colonel Hernandez. " From where Lieutenant Rowan landed, on April 29th last, near Port Portillo, on the south coast of Santiago de Cuba, to where he left on the north coast, is across the widest part of the island With a guard of only four men he pushed through, part of the way on foot, and through one of the wildest parts of the island, " With hardly a stop for rest, he reached Bayamo on May ist. where he met General Garcia. Five hours afterward we started for the north coast. Lieutenant Rowan did not stop for an instant until his mission was accom- plished, exhausted though he was. For four days and nights we hardly left our saddles. It is a ride I do not think Lieutenant Rowan will ever forget. But, like the soldier that he is, he never complfined. When we finally readied the coast near Port Maniti, on May 5th, the only boat procurable was a little dory, hardly more than sixteen feet long, yet our orders permitted no delay, and six of us embarked on this little cockle shell. We were picked up by a sponger, and reached Nassau early on May 8th." CHAPTER XXII. Thrilling Stories of the War by Our Brave Heroes Troop K of rhe RouH P V" '".""^ ^^ '^''"'' '^' Spanish. given to it^ef;r:t;a;bTsafr^^ ' ^"'^" '^""^^ sage: "Iwant you to carry" he ever v'" i 7^"'"'"'"'^ ^^^^^^ with you. for I made it for fignt.nrmen " Thfh " ■ "'° ^'"'' '^^'^^^ Mausers and shrapnel until there Z n.^V ^"""^''/^^ '" Matters, cut by Troop K sent word back to TexasThat nt'"^ °' " '"' ^'^''^^^- «"^ creation allowed to go backward, Ld 1 felr"l./"'"'"'"'' '^^ '^^"^'■'■"' go onward until Santiago was entered This ^iofT ^'^^^ ^^^^ '' ^^ould in human blood. ^'" °^ ^ ^on^an was baptized command should dig trenS ,^ Z™T / "'""' =" "'''"">« =«■> would break out ^lintt^SJZ' t^tj 'u- ^°\"''' '"" "^ I"- mose of .h=ir trenching tools duZ L TJllt"' '"' *'°™ '"'»>' fell upon the scene of battle thev thfew .h,m 1 ^^''' ^°'' "^ **»=« 'o sleep from sheer exhaustln ^^Ar^^Tlrrrp'''' T""" ^"^ «"' this condition of affairs, rode overV„Sra"wt^. "''«'' ^'^"'' "°""g c:.ro:rc:.rreX7;aTr?r =«-^^^^^^^ 2...ne.r.fai,in.,o;a^Ti:^r.^-l-^^^^^^^^ ., tI ' '^■'"^ ">= General. rhe cavalr)' division," said the Adjutant. •^r^^tta^^L^X^^r^'-P^^on his boot. ;; What man? "asked the Adjutant. ^^ 1 he man who can't dig trenches." " But' you Z ZZl^J' " "^"^ T- ^'^^ ^^^ J'-^ P^^yed out- only want on.. Go " him ar/h ""i "'° "^^ '^^ ^"'^ ^'^ ^he trench. t But there are—" 870 376 STORIES OF THE WAR. '':. K " I don't care how many there are, go get me one." The Adjutant had never faced such a man as Wheeler before, and he did not know just what to make of the conversation. The little old General was as smooth and suave and courteous as could be, and Hood had nothmg to do but ride back to the line. In some way he managed to round up a colored trooper belonging to the Ninth Cavalry, and brought hmi back to the division headquarters. He stood looking sheepishly at the ground, when Wheeler addressed him, , .,.. i j *u "Are you the man who says he can't dig these trenches? asked the General. The negro's feet shuffled uneasily in the ground. " I'se one of 'em, boss, but there's a—" The General stopped him, and walked out of his tent. « You can go to sleep now,' my man, and I'll go up and dig your trench for you When the sun comes up to-morrow morning the Spaniards are going to open on us, and every man who isn't protected is not only in danger of being killed, but will be unable to help us maintain our own position. The trenches have to be dug, and if you are unable to dig yours I'll just go out and do it for you. Where's your pick ? " General Wheeler Digging Trenches. With the most business-like air in the world, Wheeler slid into his coat, and turned toward the big cavalryman. The latter's eyes opened as he saw the proceedings, and they began to bulge out when the General motioned to him to lead the way to his camp. For half a minute his voice stuck in h.s throat, and then he said : .. u ^ tmi - Boss, you ain't fit to dig no trenches. If they done got to be dug, 1 11 just naturally do it myself. I'm dog tired, but that ain't work for you." Wheeler stopped and looked at the man with a flicker of amusement in his eyes. . ,., ^ • ^ j " I know it isn't work for me to do, he said, "but I am going to need soldiers in the morning, and I am going to save your life, if possible. Do you think now that you can dig the trench ?" The negro started up the hill without a word. Then the General turned to Adjutant Hood, with a voice as pleasant as sunshine in May. " He seems to have changed his mind," he said. " Now you go find me another man who can't dig the trenches." . , , ,. The Adjutant bowed and rode off. He never came back. In the morning the trenches were dug. . , A Maine soldier boy wrote home an interesting account of a reunion «. STORIES OF THE WAR. ^votio; ;: rctcrof*; d^itri";' „::."'"' ^'-"■'■'"t.wt, „ho« ^i- .o Manila is the' Iris, a d ir/sS " aIL^'hI'T '"™ ^^■' ^- every shape and under all conditions I an lu ^ "^°'"'"''" '•''"'" '" when I learn that, not content with "he hau^r s-t "'Vr'™" ">' "«'' '^ b* along, the fleet must have a distil VnJ^r ""'"'*'"» "■'-i'larily carry patience ceases to be a virtue Grea " « Lr T"-""^' *="■ "^h «= naval folk must consume when thiy hav fo ^I "t" " """ "^ "'"'"' *ese keep up the supply ! " °^ "*''= '° '^'•e along a floating distillery to ve4^srw:^:r7nttl;"^°""^'' '"^ ^ «-«"". ship „as used for con- Manners Outside the Navy w.-.h hij ;tv^ rr;: Sdtrger c-r- - —ed Un,ted Stales visits one of our men-of war C • ""^ President of the 'he Admiral, commanding oflicrani"!n'„f r^ "T"' "' ""= gangway by umform, the crew a, quarfers for mLect,^' 1*= "'"==" "' *= ^h^P. in fuH •he band on the quarterdeck, the nTo„7fl* "h""! «'""'' >•""" "P «i'h drummer gives four ruflles, L band 1" the „af f '''" '' ""= "»'"• ">e 8uns ,s fired. The same ceremony aEl, ? ' '"■■ ='""' " ^^''''e of 2, On one occasion the Vr^^L, ^f ^''"""'" '""'^'""g- Pensing with the salutf and cerel . °"' °' '"" '>">» "^'^ally, dis. n-tly asked another who It TubbT " °"= "' '"= ™° ■'ather fadig. "Oouse his peak" to the Commodore ™ '"' '"'='*■•'"* «•« "idn^t UnitJd'stt?'"" '"'■ ""' ^""■" "- "-^ «P>y. ".hafs the President of the "S:^-t;'tK.^rhrk:o:ibr'"'-''^<'--''-'<..-n,eis.. «' ever out of sight of Ian,, i' hisTfr- "°"' ' ' "'>"'' ^W-= he 378 STORIES OF THE WAR. seemed in great mental distress. She told the hospital authorities that she was looking for her brother, who was a sick soldier, and of whom all trace had been lost. The brother had gone to Santiago, had become sick there and had been taken to Montauk Point. From there he had been sent to a hospital in New York or Brooklyn, but no one could tell where. The young woman and her mother had come from the far West on a search for the soldier boy. They had spent several days at Camp Wikofif and found finally that he had been sent to a hospital in this city. Mother and daughter came here, took lodgings and went through all the hospitals, exam- ining ward after ward. The search was without avail. They moved over to Brooklyn, and there the mother became so exhausted and unnerved that the daughter continued the work alone. When she came into the hospital she said that she feared her brother was too ill to give his name or that he had been entered on the books under a wrong name. She scanned the death list closely, and after a sUuggle with her courage, and did not find her brother's name. Then, under proper guidance, she started through the wards, peering into the face of every man. She went through them all, and in an effort to control her disappointment and to overcome her complete despondency she stepped over to a window overlooking a yard where a dozen convalescent soldiers were sitting taking the air. A Pathetic Scene. " Perhaps he's among them," said her guide. The young woman shook her head and stood watching the soldiers, at the same time trying to keep back the tears. Suddenly she gave a scream. " There's Tom now ! " she cried. " How can I get to him ? Let me go to him at once ! " There were no stairs in sight and in her excitement the young woman began to climb out of the window. She was seized and taken to a doorway. She dashed out to the group. They were in each other's arms in a jiffy and the soldiers joined in the tears that were shed— all except one. After the young woman had taken her brother off this one growled out : ** I don't see why all you fellows had to cry because that girl found her brother. What d'je want to blubber for ? " " Ain't you got a mother or a sister ? " asked one of the group. The man bit his lip and fairly shouted : " Naw ! " The other soldiers turned their backs on him for the rest of the day. He felt it, however, and the next morning he said; STORIES OF THE WAR. 379 " Say, fellows, course I had a mother I diHn'f m want to give way, that's all. It doesn't llln'"'''^^^- ^ '''"'^ trying to be a soldier, that's all and r'_ ^"^ ^^^'^^ ^ ^^« i"«t by the yellow journals thl thern. ^ "^ T°"''^'' '" ^'^^ °^ ^^e charge death in the army hospitll Sf rL"" "n? ""^ being starved fo man, had been ver^ sick at the lo^al hosn M ' .1''^^'"' ^'"^^'^^ ^-'"--d visited him the otir day and ound h^ 1 "f ^^^^^'^^ ''^^^' His doctor said very solemnly : ^ "^ ^'"^ ^''""^'y ^^P'^^^ed in spirits, and he ;* Doctor, I have been praying all night." The doctor thought this a little stranee as R.Vh« man, but he replied sympathetically • ^^ "^^^ "°* * '•^I'g'ous "You have been feeling pretty bad, haven't you?" No, It isn t exactly that." " What is it then ? " ^ouiZVZl^^P''"' "■" *= ^^^ ^- -id I could ha« tcaay A Dog Deserter Returns who saw u, drill a. the horse iiw asTfaU do f'" ,f f « ' "'="' P~P^ dnll and created quite a small sensit on bv .h, I .""« """' P"" ™ *' given the men. Harry went to Tampa a^d r "Tk ' "''"''"'' *= '^°">™"d'' m.n. He stayed with'^^he tro^ aftT„el„dT ,T 1° ^'""''e" "'"> «« fight on San Juan Hill. The^'^he d Lr^p tred T ""t '"^ "= «"' '» '"e been engaged one of the wounded men fmm^ Tu'l ■'°"'' ''"" "= ^ad lying in the water, where he wis prot«?e^ I '"V''l t^ '^^ '» "'e creek, bullets were whistling, and eve^time a 1,1 "^ \ ^^'' '>'"''• °''"''«d *= kissing by he crouchfd lowern thrwaJef nT f """=' ""^ -"-'""g and over, he came back on the firing tae whh ta afh ^; "'''" *= ''«''«"8 "as seen. If that wasn't a case of desert inJ i^th 7 "■'" "'« "^ ""« ''as l . up aad take your g„„ and f^U^' L7lT.::f,^:'^\:^: '''-• ^- «- sWgM ■: .tThfl"'' ^'""'"^ "'= " '-« -- «-" ^' '«'« ^hoe p,e„, „ea. "'That's pretty high,' says the General >v " Well, .ir, in ,h.-fe minu^^tes .ha," "rt u:^"" Tl '"' "^ =«>''"-' and cool as a cucumber, and when he 4wT. the r f ""^ '"" " ''"='=■" -You're all right now, ,„y boy ■ he si d • vTT T"' ""■ •■■God bless you, sir,' ;aid^he';o'L«er T^^ " ""''! " «7^ »°"'--' ■ It : wht r 'T ^'°=' '» ='-^" "her;; a r.. ■"= '"™ --- Alter a while the order came to retire frr»« ^u * . to collar .hat kid and haul him a^/t; .t™ f/kTo^'vT' "^ ^■"^"'"■' With his company. And at thaf he / u n ^^' ^^'"^ *« "-etreat his shoulder In hour before t\'h fet^^nhf fit^t ^'^ '^^^^^ ^^^ «^ soldier in the company, and not onlv that h. ^ ^ '^''' ^^^"'^ ^ ^>^«er a kick from him from that day° ^ ' ' ^" ""^^'' ^^^•"^ ^ ^'•"n^ble or The "Black Hobson." curus, he attended the famous banquets It theiZl H T^'^ "' "^P'" he was wont to serve quail on toa'e with be gr!ce of a p/e^h f °''"^■"'-- scarcely recognize him as the « striker " wl,„ f ^'' ''°''"'' "">"« ant of the Twenty- ~nd Infant^ Ju 't nt fiTth ''"""^ '"°"'' ■"'="'- aad a greater grandeur. His ebonvcrr /^ " ^ "'" e'<"y to Bill scant beard, a trifle lighter tasha^TChtsabT Z "^"^ ^'"^ P"'-^'- "' attained a prodigal gfo„.h more tmpL than hell"; " '"r"'"'"" ''"= chaparral. Napoleon was never orZIr If ^ "''' °f Guantanamo -arkyof his extravagant diX o7enccnnghar"i'; "? '.'■' '°""'"" kero.sm, an aureole of endeavor Bill explZsth«hi! 'I '""' ^ ''^'""f a-cia.d wi.h him dur^g tL°r;"gX:^,t': -^^^^^^^^^^ \ 382 STORIES OF THE WAR. i^.;^ " Yes, make it for two. There's a crate of eggs sent down by the Red Cross to-day, and some apples sent over here by those Massachusetts people. Tell the cook to make up one of his drum-head omelettes and to reinforce it with one of his thirteen-inch dumplings," ordered the officer, as Bill pulled down the draperies of the tent wings and silently disappeared. " Queer darkey that," continued the officer. " Picked him up on the transport one day out of Tampa, and he's proved a perfect treasure. I firmly believe I owe my life to Bill." " Nursed you through yellow fever?" suggested the guest. " No ; did mor'n that. He fed me ; kept me stocked with the best in the country. Many a time I was about to give out from weakness and sheer hunger, when that infernal nigger would pop up in some mysterious way with a strip of fresh meat or something of the kind, and once he came in with eggs. Where he got them I could never understand. On the day after the fight at El Caney, he rustled me up a suit of new underclothes. I was afraid this was the property of some dead man, but Bill assured me it was 'live stuff."' " Case of smooth fingers, was it? " asked the guest. " Yes, very smooth fingers, but Bill is not a thief. Truth is, I believe I got on his' game in a neat way. One day I noticed a crowd of Cuban insur- gents haunting the commissary wagons like buzzards. They would flock around, chattering and rubl'.ng their eternally empty stomachs, with the inva- riable remark: 'Me moocha hongry— me moocha hongry.' I was gazmg at this collection of harpies when I made out a seemingly familiar face m the very vanguard of the push. It flashed on me in a moment. There was Bill made up in the wildest Cuban style, looking hollow-eyed and sad and rubbing his fat paunch to the tune of: ' Me moocha hongry— me moocha hongry.' I saw him get a bountiful supply, but I have never intimated that I had worked his combination. Bill would feel disgraced for life if he thought that I knew he even associated with the insurgents. He hates them worse than a rattle- sn3,lcc Couldn't Stand Shooting. The Lieutenant stopped long enough to roll up a cigarette according to the style taught him by the Spanish officer after the surrender and began to puff meditatively. " But there is one thing I could never understand about Bill," he resumed. "On the day of the fight at El Caney he disappeared and for two days was gone. I thought he had been killed, but he showed up all right. I have never been able to find out what became of him. I think— " " Dis here omelette ain't cooked zactly ernuff. but I ' low hit'll do. bein ez de lard gin out." STORIES OF THE WAR. come down ter de Battle House wh /r J Z"" '" ^'^"^ •-^"'-"^h lac. but ef ycr' -a.tm- is. right.- exclaimed Bill 'by wL „? ""'' '" .^°''''^' ^'i' «how you wha coffee on the table. '' ^^ ^^^^ ^' '•^Pa'-ation for spilling some onhe sam--s:r;;";rx^^^ Were you very much fnVhtened .f *t, .■ guest. ^'^^-ed at the t.me of the fight ?" asked the Ax de Lieutenant, here," replied Rill • , He see^ ,t all. fu„, a to izzard." ^ ^'^'' ^"^^'^^^>'- " He wuz right dan do I know"wVr;rd!^V-^' '''' '"' ^ ^^'^•" — ed the officer. « How " I vvuz right dar, dough boss T ,., • .. camp,„^.J,o„t dat place .J,n GrZ ir/'etu^R t' '"' '""'"• ' »- What became of ,„„ „„ „„ ofT^V^;" ^jf^-i; snght? insisted the guest. **^'"' " ■^^"T^ M"oh Soared „ohod.ri::daf:;::"-,f ^°--™'- '»in'.nebe.,eto„.e. How's that?" asked the guest. 1 se gwme tell ver man n >. ■.i-ess. Cos rse gwtae' ^Z^Xl^Tl' "'" ™ ^"' '■" '=" >-" -^ whole Jow I grabbed er gu„ „„,e„ de han's o^ erT.'" ""' =" "« ^ang dovn da do^en Spaniards, an' dafs what ItellJ I'' ™" ="' """'d forty-W what axes ™e what I did, but I'se git .r^'e t '°"' ="' ^«' ^'^v" T)id yer eber hear one er L u ^ ' ^'■''°"t '*• *t S-s whe-e-e-e-e-e-^bolt w^r *^-™*"'.a. Christn-us „-„e *lls dat day. Dey flashed sam' ez Snl "'" ' "'"*"' '" *"> bum! Time I heard 'em cornin' I T sed • I i L^ '" S™"'l'=d sam' ez th„ J »• I put out lac er ca.Vry Ct on de'cT' "''^%' * ^™ » P'-= » "o 'i ;v at runs twixt El Cane/and Sa" t an' f ' ' ^''' '"'«'" '^^ "a. brinh I eard de folks yellin' a„' de gun, 1 " ,' f"""'^' "Sht dar in de wate ™'Pi"g-ping.p,„g,a„-deca„„f„sp:„t,v ':"'""'' """''^ >'''"< ZX' -X ■""" P-yers an' shout ter de SaX " A^^ t;',.?"^'"-. - 1 '^Z Alter while de g„„s gj^ ,„„j^_. M 384 STORIES OF THE WAR. an- de bullits gits thicker, an' de ball 'gin ter drap all eround an' I squat down lower an' lower in de water, till fust thing I knowd I wuz almost drownded I flopped erbout in de water sam' ez er fish an' I dived l.c er terrapm, but 1 come out alright, an' atter it wuz all done I crawled out an dned off " How about the night attack. Bill ? " asked the officer. Did you get through that safely ? " , . , • , j . .1 "Lord! sho wuz skeered den. I wuz sleepm' wid one er dese lotli Cal'vry niggers what's used ter fightin', and when dat noise comes I jumps up . an- takes erway dat shelter tent same ez der win'. I run right fru evy thm^r, an' I didn't stop good till daybreak. ,u a u ■ c " Is yer finished wid dem plates?" asked Bill, gathering up the debris of dinner ' " I spec I done let on too much already, but don't yer gib me erway ter none er dem Mobile niggers. I'se gwine ter be black Hobson when 1 gits home, an' dafs de Lord's tr«f." As it Looked to a Volunteer. Some of the volunteer soldiers who were put under the command of regular army officers soon after the beginning of the Cuban war, found it a little hard to learn all the lingo of the camps. An officer sent a young vol- unteer orderly to requisition at the quartermaster's stores some tentage, and when he returned questioned him : "Orderly?" " Yes, sir." " Did you get the tents I ordered ? " " Yes, sir." " Did you get the wall tents ? " " Yes, sir." " And the A tents ? " " Yes, sir." " And the dog tents ? " " Yes, sir." " And the flies for the wall tents?" "Flies, sir? No, sir." ^^ " What ? Now, why didn't you get the flies ? The soldier saluted respectfully ; at any rate, he combined a salute and a motion which brushed away a cloud of flies from in front of his nose. " Camp is full of them, sir," he answered. Henry Laun, twenty-seven years old, a member of Battery B, First United States heavy artillery, with his leg bandaged and a bullet wound in his arm, left Montauk on a furlough, one day in September, eager to let ins STORIES OF THE WAR. old father and mother kmnv he was alive Tl r . avenue. Jersey City, but there hlJ . , . "^ ''^'^ '' ^°' *»°° I'-'I'^adc When he found his hon,e at ul ^nedllnt h ^.^' ""^^'' ^" "°^°^-- a .nonth ago. "'^ ''^'"^^' "''^^ both parents had ched almost ^-^^^f^l^.Tzz:::zr 'r-i '-''- '^'- '- -'-« - -covered after an illness of te'dTw and t- '^ >" '''^''"" '^"^^' "'^ I'ospital, so eagerly did he inslfon " „ ""^ '^ ""'''''' '""' ''''"' ^^^ struck hin. in the left leg in Cto "Jco ' ^ T;' "^ P""^ ^'^ -^''-P-' '>ad arm during the charge up San Cm' n cL "; '""^^ '^^^^ '"^"^ his was healed. "^ "'"''" "'"' '" <-"ba, and neither of the wounds left Key VV.,t for Cuba, al.h^h t ^^ f 7 '"=■" :""- "- """"y had Thoujfht they Must be. An:dous. 'M^r. T 1. • ;'I wane to «e Mrs. Laun,- he said. band ™°^ed rSa::^. ""^ ^"^ "■"-■" "- '-= -P'/- ■• She and he. hu. Laun took a trollev rar f^ u u i making inquiries. At last hi founW t "u"'' ^'""^'^ '^''^^Sh the streets heart. -^^ked the art.lleryman. with a sinking diedw^krC'-"'''^^'""^ "Havn't you heard P She "But Mr. Laun, her husband?" -::..tr d ."rnrc^x"" r^.ef '= ^r ^ — '■• "»o^p^^r:^— :L-£S^=»o.a„d,.ad *o« that, although I Jve^ anZ t''w'" T "f"""^' ' '''"■' «'^ "ghty-s,>c years old and my mother fiZ ''°"' ''"•"'■ "'' <■«••-■• w!^ It was about fhre« ,.,»„i- _« , ^'„ -nwi.K pneumonia; Vh^^dlZ^^r^rer"^--:;™-^;;^^ STORIES OF IHE WAR. i\ot tH^n left a note for tiic, and "*»€ landlady only knew that they had a son somew Here in the arniy." When Laun's furlough expired, he set off at once for Port Royal, S. C, where his battery was stationed. " I can't bear to stay here any longer," he said. A Young Hero of San Juan. "A great round moon rose slov,iy over the tree-tops and cast soft, lonp shadows over that seeming solitude of death," says a writer in 7'ruf/i. " 1 climbed the hill of San Juan, sad and heavy-hearted, to look for the body id my ' bunkie,' Lieutenant Garesche Ord. For seven weeks we had lived in the same tent in Tampa, and for over a week had shared the hardships and fatigue of the Cuban campaign together. On the morning of the last day of ins life he came to me in the creek bottom of the San Juan River,as the men of General Hawkins' brigade were marching through to go i.ito action, and, with a happy, joyous laugh, begotten of the excitement and the martial spirit that imbued him, he slapped me on the back and said in a stage whisper, ' Bunkie, old man, I'll come out of this either a colonel or a corpse 1 ' I shook hands with him and wished him good luck, and, as he left me, called after him, ' Be careful, Garry I ' " Poor Garry ! I found him that night, lying in the white, pure moon- light, fast asleep, with his head pillowed on his arm, and I imagined, as I patted his face in a fond farewell, that the same old boyish smile rested there. He lay on the farthest Spanish trench of the San Juan hill, dead. Killed b) the hand of a wounded Spanish soldier in the trench. It seems that Ord was many yards in advance in that wonderful charge up the hill, and that as he stood on the edge of the trench he turned and shouted to the men behind, ' Don't shoot the wounded men. Make them prisoners,' and at the same instant he fell by a pistol-shot from the hands of the very man v/hose life h: attempted to save. "Too high a tribute cannot be paid to this ga ant lello\. — there were many that day who deserved as much. He knew no sense of fear. His hi((hest aim in life was to support a widowed sister — widowed by the loss of her ')ldier-husband at Wounded Knee — and to emulate the historic military jCa-ec. ■>' Isis famous father. General Ord. ' h ' ife Ora vho furnished the generals who stood in San Juan Creek with the .' .'St definite information as to the position of the enemy in front of them Mc -li-nbed a hig i tree and reported to General Hawkins from this lookout point :he location of the fort, the direction of the trenches, and the apparent force of the enemy. During the entire time he was under fire from the sharpshooters, but gave no evidence of the slightest trepidation. SIORIKS OK THE WAR. ro,)ort.ng each time valuable information Ord A "'"^''' ''''" ^"'^ '^''S'' "ever will be forgotton by those Xwitne?,, ^''''' '''~"^^'^ °"*-" ^^'^h '^^^^gcofahanclfulof SixUrinfomrvn . k"^'' '^'^ ''^^'^'"^' '" »'»- Hawkins gave him pernnssion to ortnir . ''' '°^ °'^'" ^'"- ^--^1 clespc-rate assault some bodies of soIdi!« nn .T ^'u " ^'''"'''"" ^""^ ^^' «"«' fused by their devious wind.wf in t fe " dT K T^'!/'" '"^ "^'-"^^ <^°"- thc sounding of the ' Forward f./'n 1 '^ "•-* ^^^ "^■^^ ««-" after o" in the charge. It walthe un „ mous""" °' '''. '""' ' "'''^•"^ ^^'^ "- alike that to this young hero unouT^ k7"T °^ "'^^"'"■^ ^"^^ «°''''"^"" ■scaling the entrench'ment^s of San jlT^^^ '^'^"^'^ '' ^-- of first t-o waving palms, rolled in a blanket~the so H ' '1'" '''' ^'"^°''' ""^" hearts of those who loved him to a r'j T ''- ^^'^"-^-"'oted in the coveted, to the rank of a hero Lr„ .^ ^ ">'^"" '^"" "' " ^^'onelcy he bore, to the soldiers by wh"e ^e' L f"° j' ' J""" '^°"°'' ' '""^ "^-^ '- will long be remembered for L manhn. f ' l". ?" '-^""''^^ ^"' ' '""^«-"-. "e part he acted on the battlefield^ ' '"' '^^"''^^ **^ ^"^^ «' ^ ^Lc noble "The Dead Game to Life Again." l^or a long time after August wh^n l,« Tampa Fla.. Mrs. Lina Hoerne'r of Newark 7VTT' *° ""' '^'"^ «* son. Private B. Hoerner. of the S xth r^ , J'. ^'^ "° '"^''^ '"'■o'" her dead. Yet. hoping to the last as 1.^ ^^•'..'"'^ '''" '^^^ "'«"•■"- ^im as .^t the table eve!; lay, alWi:^ Z oTJ e^ tT tt it'T^^' ' ''^'^ '^ '^- mornmg until late at night, in the faint hZ 1! u ^'^'"''^ ^''>'' '"'•• '' ^^'^Y she kept a pot of coffee warn on the 17' ^ ?' "'"^^^ ^°"-^ b-<^'^ to her, at a few minutes' notice, ol afternors, " ' 7 f ''""'" '•^^^>' ' --^ was no use. and she guessed she wouldn'^k'^^' u ' ""'^'^'^^ ^^ '* constant reminder of her dear boy who was dead "^' ^^"'' '' """''' ' ^' ^ rork.::a;r ^d :s ti^t uTetLrr ^ - '- --- -^ ^^^ ■• -•^e. her son had sat in days gone by MrlH "" "■""^'' '' '''' P'^^ — lor. She was reading the lastttter th^^^T"' ""'' ""'"^ "'""^ '" *he ,ar- told her that perhapsLwol~^^^ ^-- ^er son. It •t m an agony of grief. ^ ^^^^ "^ ^''^ him again. She folued At that instant there wat n i,-. the bell. ""^^ ^ ^^^^ «^«P at the front door and a pull at Mrs Hoerner asked : " Who is it ? " Only me," came a hoarse voice T„ •♦ * vo.ce. In ,ts tones were something familia. ri.,, 388 STORIES OF THE WAR. VMi to her ear. She threw the door open, and the rays of light fell upon what at first appeared to her to be the apparition of her son. She started back in alarm, and then, with a cry of joy, threw herself into his arms. The coffee and the delicacies in the pantry found a use at last. The headlines in the morning papers recounting the daring dash of the " Rough Riders" furnished an interesting theme for the passengers on a Cam- bridge car which left Harvard Square via the subway in Boston, a few days after the attack at Quasina. Two men boarded the car near Cambridge City Hall, the elder quickly buying a Morning Globe to get the news. His eyes had scarcely scanned the first page before an agonized groan was heard, and the next instant he said : " My God, my boy is dead ! I told him not to go, but he was bound to go to the front." The man's companion pulled the bell, and after the car came to a full stop he helped the heart-broken parent from the car. He was deadly pale and tot- tered rather than walked, assisted by his companion. The man's name could not be learned, but some one had heard him talking about reaching town only yesterday and also commenting on the class-day exercises at Harvard, so it was taken for granted that his son must have been a Harvard man. It was a touching scene and furnished the passengers with a realization of what war means to many a saddened heart. Taunted with Cowardice. Taunted because of his alleged cowardice, driven to shame by the cruel jests of his comrades, bearing at the same time the awful wounds of a Mauser bullet in his chest, and with two fingers of his right hand shot away, brave William McComas, a private in Company D, Second United States Infantry, plunged headlong from the deck of a transport at the government wharf at Fort Monroe upon his return from Santiago in August. Of all the acts demonstrative of quiet, unassuming heroism which have been brought to the surface in the deadly conflict in the southern end of crimson-stained Cuba, this remarkable act of Private McComas will long claim the attention of the boys in blue who were fighting shoulder to shoulder in the defense of their country's honor. McComas was but a stripling, barely out of his teens. He had lived all his life on a farm in Western Massachusetts and had not been accustomed to the continuous element of tinseled f^lory which was the feature of his new environments. His parents were well-to-do country folks whose sole ambition in life was the rearing of the boy who had been driven to his death by the thoughtlessness of his comrades. pon what at ted back in The coffee dash of the s on a Cam- , a few days Ider quickly scanned the ;ant he said : bound to go to a full stop pale and tot- name could ig town only [arvard, so it in. It was a of what war by the cruel > of a Mauser away, brave ates Infantry, lent wharf at n which have ithern e-nd of 'ill long claim o shoulder in had lived all ccustonied to re of his new sole ambition death by the STORIES OF THE WAR. 339 It was openly claimed that McComas was a cowarH nftu 1 .. It was even said that he had purposely inflicTe^d th^oul^dl p^htt^^^^^ order to escape duty upon the battle line. His comrades le'a'edo loath" h.m; they had no t.me for a man who played what they called the .bab! act. and the remarkable attitude assumed by the soldier boy from the old Bay State was proof conclusive in the minds of his comrades that McComt was an arrant coward. mci^omas not one man m al 1 Company D who has not expressed sorrow for the manv Whett:^ t Tr'^' ''"^' "^°" ^'^ '^^^^^""^ ^— boy ' When the first call for troops was made by President McKinley McComas Ithough but nmeteen years of age. was among the first to off r hif ervL to the government He was accepted and assigned to Company D SecTnd US. Regulars, and within one week's time he had given L fast fareweli to h.sJaU.er and mother and friends and was on his w'ay to joi: Irre^rmTnt As Strong as an Ox. Of all the men in that particular regiment there was not one amon^ them It was this strength that the boys of the Second admired. They talked among themseh.es of what McComas could do in an emergency; they natur- ally hought that he would be a fearful adversary if arou^sed^^^^ anger nd stricS; donf '" ''' ""^ ''''' "^^" '" ^^'"P^"^ ^ '^' M'c;mas When the Second Regiment was removed to Key West some of the boys of Company D took advantage of the saloons in that place and imbibed too freely of the poisonous rot which is called pure whiskey and sold at twenty cents a drmk. McComas had been detailed to guard duty, and ^wa wlnle m the pursuance of this particular branch of his military du ies that he acquired the sobriquet of " Coward McComas." It was said that he halted a party of men from his own company who were straggling mto camp after hours. He marched them to the sergeant of the guard, and the following morning each of the .seven disturbers were sen- tenced to three days in the guard house on bread and water 890 STORIES OF THE WAR. After the men were liberated they all began to quietly abuse McComas. He said nothing and the men noting his action became more forcible in their unpleasantries, and finally one of the number stepped up to McComas^ and dared him to fight. McComas, much to the surprise of his admirers, flatly refused to engage in any such encounter, whereupon the belligerent soldier struck the inoffensive lad a sharp blow in the breast. In explaining afterwards why he did not resent the open insult, McComas quietly replied that he had not joined the army for the purpose of indulging in brawls, and "besides," he added, "should I haye struck McCarthy the chances are that I would have killed him." When the Second Infantry arrived in Cuba almost the first accident to befall a member of the rjgiment was in the shooting away of two fingers of McComas- right hand. He stopped in the midst of the downpour of leadea bullets and coolly wrapped a handkerchief around his hand and was about to resume his place in the ranks when the sergeant of the company ordered him to the rear for treatment. . The first skirmish lasted but an hour and then the firing ceased, and it soon became whispered among the men of Company D that in order to escape being sent to the firing line McComas had deliberately inflicted the wounds in order to keep out of the more deadly fire. McComas with two fingers amputated and his hand done up in bandages heard the taunting remarks of his comrades, and although the tears mounted to his large brown eyes he said nothing, but turned sadly away and sought comfort in solitude. Wounded, but Fought Like a Demon. An hour later the second skirmish started and the soldier boys of the Second started on a run for the trenches. McComas seized a rifle from the hospital tent and running across an open patch directly in the line of fire, managed to reach the ranks of the Second Massachusetts. With these brave men he fought like a demon despite the fact that he could only use one of his hands in manipulating the heavy rifle. He was at the front during tlie whole of that eventful second of July. He never faltered neither did he waver from the path of duty, but with the fortitude of a veteran he returned shot for shot with the coolness and precision of a sharpshooter. When the firing had ceased and the roll call of Company D was held, it was found that William McComas. private, was missing. An hour later wlit n McComas walked into camp looking weary and haggard, he was immediately court martialed as a deserter; and it was only through the testimony < f tl .• men of the Second Massachusetts that he escaped capital pumslnucnt. The order of General Shatter, which directed that all wounded soldi r^ Ji .. .* STORIES OF TME WAR. 391 be removed to the United States, was the direct cause of McComas .eaving ?u\ JVT'^l ^"^ ''''°'"' apparent to the eyes of the surgeons and they deeded that the best place for the soldier was a Northern hospital He was hastily placed aboard a homeward bound transport On the homeward passage McComas kept aloof from his companions all of whom had rece.ved injuries in the battle before Santiago. They cailed h.m coward.- they taunted him beyond endurance, and when the govern m„t wharf was reached at Fort Monroe the most dejected man aboard the trans port was William McComas. Brooding, He Killed Himself. He became despondent and brooded over the unkind remarks of his comrades He was told that he would be kept at the Fort until his recovery and then he would be g.ven his discharge. He thought of his presumed dis grace, and finally unable to bear his troubles any longer, he leaped over the s.de of the transport and. without a struggle, forfeited his bright young lifl Two days later the body of the suicide was recovered in the lower Lsin of the nver and ,t was taken back to the Fort for disposition. Then an exammafon was made of the remains and the startling discovery was made that a Mauser bullet had ripped its way through the youthful 701^'^'^ lung^makmg a ragged, irregular hole directly beneath the breast bone Ihat the wound was received at Santiago was proved bv the physicians who exammed the body, and they claim that the pain caused by the undressed mjury must have been awfui in its intensity. The bullet was found imbedded in the muscles of the back. ■ucuuea When the fact became noised about the barracks at Fort Monroe that atrteTadff T^ '""'J" '"^ '''''' " Santiago the soldiers immXt,; adopted a different tone when speaking of their dead comrade. He had said nothing about his injuries, preferring to bear the pain until he "iched hs JooKed upon as ideal soldiers. McComas was laid to rest beneath the shades of grim old Fort Monroe Til fZT"''''"'°"' P"'^ •"'"' '^' *"^"*" ^"^ °"^ °f his sterling worth." They formed an escort and followed the remains to the little grave; and when lund a'nJthebT'Kr "; ''''''''''' ^'^'^ ^^^^^ «^^^ '-'"^^ --th mound, and the bugler blew for " lights out." and then all sorrowfully returned sLl '^'■,'::.^^\*° *f '■" -Wued tones of the remarkable youth whose erhng qualities they had been unable to justly appreciate. He^eft h!hTnd h.m a .h,n.ng example of a soldier who only knew how to do his duty and leave consequences to themselves. ^ 392 STORIES OF THE WAR. If -'P ;i Blair, a regular, said to be of the Seventeenth, was shot at El Caney, July 1st. ' Two wounded men of the Seventy-first New York fell beside him in worse shape than he. They could not move. He could a little. A Spanish sharpshooter had the range of them where they lay, their comrades having pushed on. Although down, the three men were his target. "Spit!" and one of the bullets cut a lock of hair from Blair's forehead. " Spit ! " again, and one of the New Yorkers winced as his shoulder was cut. , Blair for a time could not locate the fellow, but finally discovered him 300 yards distant, up a tree. He was incautious, and displayed himself in taking aim. Blair had his gun beside him, and with one shot brought him down. Then, wounded in the groin as he was, he crawled 900 feet to his enemy to get his canteen of water and 900 feet back, not touching it himself, and poured it down the throats of the two New Yorkers. He died holding the drink to the lips of one of them. His only remark as to his journey was : "I'm a regular. You fellows have homes." One of the New Yorkers survived to return home and tell the story of this hero's end. . ■, j. rrx^- Detecting Blanket Thieves. That the discomforts of camp life were not always due to governmental neglect, was shown by a clever little bit of detective work done by Major Ira C Brown, the executive office of the hospital at Camp Meade. For some time he has been missing blankets at the hospital. Those sent to the hospital laundry failed to return, and at first he was inclined to think it was because of the recent storm> weather. But one night he heard something which aroused his suspicions, and, donning a suit of old clothes and taking a revolver, he started out with a guard at his heels. At the laundry the guard remained outside while the Major went in. One of the laundry employees was standing behind the counter. " What do you'se want. Do you want to buy a blanket ? " The Major asked the price. " Seventy-five cents, if you take half a dozen." The Major decided to take that many and handed a bill over in payment. The laundry employee got out a bag of silver to make change. "That was full," he .said, " but I got it changed in bills." " Are you doing a pretty good business ? " the Major asked. " Bully. If you've got any friends who want blankets bring 'em arouna. I can get lots more where these came from. " At that stage the Major drew his revolver, and, covering the fellow,. said: " You are under arrest." At the same time he summoned the guard. The 'em arouna. STORIES OF THE WAR. 333 No more blankets disappeared thereafter. ^' ' ^"^ "''" "'■'=='=''• In the Enemy's Country very hungry," says the correspo^denf of ^M ntap^^^^^^ T^l ''^" packed mto a carriajre drawn by a couple of Porto R^-l f r I "^^"^ and were en route fron. Porto Ponce to 'he c ty Uself^he h "" the date July 27th, on wrich Hn^, f1,« c ay ,tself, the hour 10 a. m., and hands of-'thrav'.„;m r T e^e'^ T^' t""" '" ""' *= four n,nes of drive over the „el.*ept road f i^X^ : nTfefdr"' '" "= spa„ishXro:2™x:;"vr;:i^r*^::f'-'- "7. -d of the necessary with that team) besiie'the oa" i^le shou r„r°v" f'' " ™='"'' and now and again some particularly dirtvTp'ectaenl.M -^"""^"""^ ' ' foothold onthe cra.y step of the ramshackle vehlt ^ ^"° " '""'"'" hands all round. He would have Wd ntl k r \ '"'"' '"' "''^'<'"e any Willingness that way Sont ^ft wom^Td bIuS''" t.^" *°"" •■ We were in search of breakfast If 7. . """^ """y- over what that word meant o us Suffi., "T'"^ '" «""" P™"- .ood meal than a big ntgget In,;l ^ e .'J^et [hlfp ""^'T" ^ cafes of note, that of the Hotel plater, a'^d ttf the Ho.erFrl'"" The latter was the nearest, and, for that reason, chosen ""• an Hou?so^tt";v«^:rorti:z;:;t":~- '-t-"'" i.s bright plulaged pa^^o^etX^^:! "Vl'oTo ^Lfs'Sr'' Phylhses, and Strephons, yet how dainty withal for L , M ' °"' spotless, the glass, china, and (alleged) sL" shinL w >^ f T"*' ""^ the carafes glistening with (YeU, cLwTb: p"o bleTre.: Tcf""' '"' and bum the hotel the resource, of .he cafe were at our d,"po^|. """ i 4ij; 394 STORIES OF THE WAR. " We promised that death and destruction should follow only in case the breakfast did not appear speedily and bountifully. It did. What a break- fast ! Its memory will abide while those five palates preserve their functions and recollection hold its seat. Cold bouillon, fresh fish, a Spanish omelette (huge in proportions, exquisite in accessories), fruit of the freshest and most succulent, coffee like amber and cigars that had been mad" in Havana before the declaration of war. " Instead of harming that hostess or any of her household, after eating that breakfast, we would have attacked with gusto any one who failed to treat her as the queen of providers and dispensers. We call for the bill— and then came chaos. " ' What ! You will pay ? * almost screamed madame. As evidence of honest intention each man produced his canvas sack and emptied its store of American half eagles and British .Sovereigns on the table in front of her. " ' Henri ! Henri ! ' yelled the excited woman. ' Come here, my heart. Come quickly and behold these men, these angels. They will pay. They do not complain. They compliment me on my cooking. Sancta Maria, it is too much,' and the good woman threw herself into the arms of her fat and hitherto invisible husband, as he appeared in the doorway, while down her red cheeks streamed tears of veritable delight. " There isn't any moral to this morning glimpse of Ponce at the sur- render unless it be found in the comment madame's surprise created upon tlie probable methods and manners of the Spanish officers who had hitherto been her principal patrons." *^ Brave Correspondents. One particular class of hero of the late war— the newspaper correspond- ent—has been almost overlooked in the blaze of glory that greeted the home- coming of our victorious troops, but Admiral Sampson has written the follow- ing tribute of praise to the gentlemen of the press. The valor of the American newspaper man, as exhibited in the late war, has rightly excited univer.sal comment. The old-time war correspondent, who remained with the com- mander-in-chief, miles behind the firing line, has been conspicuous by his absence in the most recent war. The chronicler of battle preferred to march where the fiercest of fighting was in progress, risking his life for the .sake of duty as nobly and readily as the soldiers. The world has wondered almost as much at this heroism of the modern newspaper man as at the reckless bravery of the soldiers and sailors who carried Old Glory so impetuously to victory. Admiral Sampson writes: " It gives me great pleasure to reply to your question regarding the behavior of newspaper men under fire. STORIES OF THE WAR. " I t k t f ^^^ rnortals of being umler^Vbu^t nTa^v^^ T" '"''' "°^ '"°'''' ^""'^ ^''^" °'h<-''- ^O'^rtesy Made Him Ory. salute. Doubtless, he attributed the two Tl o !' ,v! ""'l '" '"''"''' ^^°"^ t''^ the bad marksmanship of the Amer Ins t "?' ^'^^ '°''^ '''^ G"-» to thoughtall Americans were poor shot but h'-' ^"^ '" ^^'"''''^'^ observe, is another story. ' "' '''"*' "^ ^^"^^^--d Kipling would Captain Glass, of the Charleston bade fh. r officers on the islands, telling them\h^t he v "^ ^"'^ '^"^'"■^ ^° his Ladrones were now American prorrtvTh. T ' ^''"°"'''' ^"^ ^''''^ the finished each letter, he handed it to the Captain ^0'''"^ t'^'"' '"^"^ ^'^ '•'^ satisfactory, and they were sent ashore in .J nt '"^'^- ^^" ^P'^^les were left, the Governor called the cipti aside '°'' ^''' '^^^-^ ^^e boat " Your Excellency." said he " will ,r«i wife?" ^"'^"' '"'"j'^^P^'-'^'tmetowritealettertomy " Why. certainly." replied Captain Gias. nn^ r, boat.^ ^ P'"'" ^'a^s. and he gave orders to hold the ''takealftLZV;rwa'tTTL'^^^^^^^^^ ^'"^' "°^'-"S his haste; The Governor mutely thanked "f f^'"*^^^' "^ ^urry." could not understand sucl/courteous t^e trnT^wr I'l T^^'"^^^^' ^^t he held ,t out to Captain Glass ^^" ^'^ ^"'^hed his letter ;; What's this ? " asked the Charleston's master . p ",:?: '^"^'' '° "^y ^'fe. It is for you to r;ad " " Readthlt •let;r myt;:^^^^^^^^^^^ ''' '^^ - ^^^ Governor's face between you and your wife "; :« as itedT""" 7'''' '" '''' '^«- ■•^ The Governor gazed at Cantl o "' ^' *^^ h^"""- ^^ "Mr fl,. '- il , 1 f. 396 STORIES OF THE WAR. it He handed the envelope to Captain Glass, looked at him for a moment, then buried his head in his arms on the table and burst into tears. Differences of patriotic sentiment caused a disruption in the family of Vincente Hauria- Martens, of New York. Believing that duty called h.m to Madrid to take up arms for his native land, for he is a Spaniard, Mr. Martens enlisted in the Spanish army, while his son, Richard, jomed the Seventy-first Regiment to fight against him. Mr Martens was well known in New York years ago as the agei. for a brand of champagne, but recently he has been in the insurance busMU.'.s He lived in comfortable circumstances at No. 228 West Twenty-first stre. w.th his daughter Elsie, who is an actress, and Rich. rd. the son. He came to th.s country from Spain thirty years ago with the then famous Martens cat duett.sts. of which his wife was a member. He never returned to Madnd. When h.s wife died, not long ago, he expressed a desire to go back to Spam. It .s my country, and I love it far better than this land," he .aid to h.s son. "Well this is my native land, and to my thinking ;V Stars and Stripes float over the best people on the earth," Richard replied. This display of feeling angered the old man. When the Maine was blown up and the Spaniards were censured for it Mr. Martens said he would return to Madrid and help wipe out the insult with blood. His son remonstrated. but he was firm. . ^.- * -- " I am a Spaniard, and so are you, even if you were born in this country. Mr. Martens once said. c , , r " Indeed I am not. I am a New Yorker and stand ready to fight for niy flae •■ Richard responded. The quarrel became bitter and terminated by the father taking the first steamer for Madrid after war was declared. " I CO to fight the Yankees," he said, as he left his house. '• I shall enlist to oppose you," Richard quietly replied. The next day he joined Company G, of the Seventy-first Regiment, and in a letter to his sister he said he hoped to see his father in the ranks of the enemy. A Spartan Mother. " Mrs. John Maroney, of New Haven, Conn., performed an act of patriot- ism that places her among the Spartan mothers of the county-. When the war broke out Mrs. Maroney's son John enlisted in Captain Beach s battery of heavy artillery, which was recruited in that city. The battery, although a finely drilled organization, has never gotten any further than the State camp, at Niantic. The men of the battery have grown very tired of their monot- onous camp life. Young Maroney became homesick, and one uay .00. French leave of his company. He turned up at h.s mother'3 home, and •ment, lily of lim to artens ty-first \'. for a iS, He :t with lo this lettists, len his " It is Stripes s blown 1 return istrated, )untry," t for my 1 by the lext day T to his f patriot- Vhen the s battery though a ite camp, r monot- day took jme, and 4 STORIKS OF TFIK WAR. gj,^ Mrs. Maroncy questioned him severely in reeird tn h; u battery. ' regard to hi.s absence from the him arrested and ,e„t to nrison I„l T °' *""' ""'' '>'<"'''' l">ve .1. p.ssibn,„ o,ji^s:z,i:!;zr'""" "'""= "'"" -- -"■■-' and head so severely ,1, n,^?; "'V^'T'" ""' "^ " ''"" °''" "■<^ '"-k „ white with 'rmarc hed er rfn- ^" ''"• '•"°""^' '""'"^' "- Beach at Niantfe'on ^^'^^X::! Z Ci:^:^' "" '"'Tf wanted the Captain to send -i rrnnr,) f^ v.- . ^^ "'""'' ^""^ ^"^' 'i'le v^ui^idin lo bcnu a guard for him and e ve him th.* f„u . ■ i for de.sertmg. ^ "' ^"'^ '"^^ punishment l.ravelyi„,hec3w^ MrrM*" ''""'""' «"' '"Ui-, and he fought •" ..er^^on when he X.d^'h^.rhlLrlt:^^^^- r """ Humor of Grim War. Grim-visaged war has its humors as well as it.; f^rWKi» v, General Blanco was not the only humor sr.nth'! *'7'^'%«!^^' ^"^ Captain gram to Madrid from that redoMhl^ ^he recent conflict. The cable- killed at Matanzasrt t o'^'n^^:^^^^^^^^ ^h^ mule that was writing verses. And it was a duIMn ^ '^"^'^'"^ ^f thousands of rhymers to Span.h Government :LZ;^.^:::::^tZ^ ' ^'^^^^ '^ '^^ ^ost^^:^:n^z:::^'^^:!^:'''-''^-'^ ^^^-^^^^ ^ ---'-of The Petrel, of Dewe/s fleet chaseH' ^r""'''°"' '^ ^"^'^'^^ ^° ^^e cake, he was co;nered, the Cantl „ tf I, ^ ^""l""' "f *^^ ^^^'^ ^--- Seeing -n boat under' a Hag :r:::cf t tt^^^^^^^^^ ^ '' '''r '''''' ^" ^ h.m he must surrender or fight " We .T" J i""" ^"P'"'" ^^^'^ Spaniard. "Please allow us to send To. "" "^ '° ^^^*'' ''^P''^'^ ^^e exhausted." '^"'^ '^"^ ammunition, because our store is ^^^^"^^"iJ^Z^:^^-'^ ■•" ^^ --r of the flag of white flag when he was sore pressed and when T t""' "^ '°'^^^^ ^ had surrendered, came to take possession tl, f TT"^' '^'""""^ ^^ i,nri«r s TT • • , possession, they found tht- ^naniT-f- -MM j.r„.„.s. The witndrawa ofthe troorx; «„>hft,»- " -i~"'^^-'- ^--iil ..oas for surrender, was an instance „f.rS;' ^'^l.^r'" "'°''^- 398 STORIES OF THE WAR. The coolness with which Commodore Dewey interrupted the battle for breakfast is decidedly humorous. The crews of the war ships were shut up below decks, with hot boilers within and a tropical sun without, and the intense heat would possibly have done more damage than the Spanish guns. So breakfast time came most opportunely. But it is not likely that a great battle was ever deliberately interrupted before by the sound of the break- fast bell. _ , ,. , r . An incident took place at the battle of Mobile Bay, when a breakfast was kept waiting for the close of hostilities. Rear Admiral James E. Jouett, of Montgomery County, Md., then a lieutenant-commander, was in command of a vessel A lieutenant named Murphy, who had resigned from the United States Navy, had command of one of the small Confederate boats in the bay. Jouett and Murphy had been w^rm friends before the war at the Naval Academy so Jouett had a delightful breakfast prepared, and then set them- selves to capture Murphy's boat. This he succeeded in doing after some delay and Murphy came aboard with his arm in a sling to surrender his sword ui the most formal manner. Instead of taking the sword Jouett reproached Murphy for keeping breakfast waiting. Upon seeing the feast, Murphy, who was very hungry, said: "Jouett, if you had only sent me word about this breakfast I would have surrendered an hour ago." Origin of "Yankee Doodle.' A correspondent writes: " It may be news to most people to be apprised of the fact that the air of the American national song, ' Yankee Doodle,' was originally that of a Cavalier ditty, and was possibly whistled by the London street arabs of Royalist sympathies with the object of irritating the Round- heads Only it was ' Nankee Doodle ' then, an unmeaning appellation applied to no less a personage than Oliver Cromwell, who rode into Oxford with a single plume in his hat, fastened in a knot, called at the period a ' macaroni.' ' Nankee Doodle ' crossed the Atlantic at a convenient time. Then the term Yankee applied originally strictly to a New Englander, was beginning to be used colloquially, having been derived from ' Yenghee,' the Indian fashion of pronouncing ' English,' when the initial ' N ' in ' Nankee ' in the effusion was discontinued and ' Y ' substituted. "The tune was adopted by the Revolutionary Colonists more in the ' spirit of retaliation than anything else. When Lord Percy's brigade marclied out of Boston the bands played ' Yankee Doodle ' as a mark of contempt for the inhabitants. But the Colonists uttered a threat, and carried it out, that before'the'war was over Percy's brigade would have to dance to the despised tune and they had to. It has been contended that in 1755 Dr. Shuckburgh STORIES OF THE WAR. 399 A Missionary Guide. University of H»r„T He r^7'" u T'' ''"'''' """ " " 8""""= "f "■= rule i„ Cuba ten or more vearf. '" '"■''"u™* "" '*="'°° "«»»»' Spanish escape by thr^winghilc f nto'^h " T ""' '""°" ''"'^"' ""'^ "='^'= h- -.=Boar.ofLso:;;iXtr'c=^^^ of .he sick and a celtery ofbu ;tar.t^':T"B sidtf '°' '"' "''"^''" retrrrcS'^o^r'-"^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^'"tZ^^^^^^^^'^^^'^^^ vario. piaces With TZ'X: s:r.: if t ■''■ ■'''^"- — ^ - ^ ^y^pa.-i.er ...anaged somehow to r.attera"!""'?"^? ':°"''™"='' '° *"*• »= ofhis condition. ■^Xm::^^^;^:^':^:^:^-^^'' "'■^"■''"^ '"^ aid, and as he was an Am,ri™„ .:■ I Government to their Cuba. ShortlyXr hifenforid r r .7'' '"'"="' ""' ^'"•''^''' f^m .he American B^^ PuT, o/tX" orSd'^ h"'"^" ''= =''™' "^ one of their chapel cars, then in ,he Sa t^o^Texi Sut"' " H T"?" "' :r^e^rrmrre?.n[:e^Th-^^^^ .heunderstanrrth'anJe'r^nTnld r;;;rnt„:t'd'"'' -""^'^^ He ,s thoroughly familiar with .he Island of Cuba "°"""^ ""*• i" -t:o2e7:rfi:fd'':„rm:;iirstT""= t'-^ '"- •>^'-- July4lh. Lilll, Ge-."H. »-!--.,, '="'="'='• °'«»'«d 'heir freedom cM^en here, while plaiil a^hZe ,h ^ ' '''"'-y'=^'-"<' daughter of a , mc piaymg at home the morning previous said tn hJt *u I am so happy now .ha. I wish all my'sLer Z^Jlt^:;^. STORIES OF THE WAR. 1 . ... .0 .e *::. iaU (gu.a .o.e), .He .en. a,e Ho. and ,.<, and I want them out." ^^^^ ^^^her, with a smile, to " Why not go and see General i.ee quiet her. , , ^^^ .. i will see him at once," she .>/^:':^:j:l"cr. Jn,r^-ve .eMo ..e W..O. HO... S.^ dier boys out of the guard house 1 hey ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^j^ p^^^^^^. The General »as so P'"^^'' " * '^/, ^ '„ ,Lnked .he li.tle girl for her her .0 General Arnold wi.h a no.. The la.^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ,^^, ^^^,_ interes. in .he soldiers, =■"> » °°" "„„fi„ed for cour.-mar.ial sen.enc« „«n a. parade, releasmg »« -'f ^;°;;, ,„ri„g .he Four.h .hey pa,d.he,r , J^:rr; ^pCrUln.. She ^^^^^^^^^^ rd:ite:rr>:-"- them her slaves. CHAPTER XXIII. Stories of the Camp, Battlefield and Hospital. HEN a soldier entered the hospital at an>- of the camps, his clothe, were all burned, so as to prevent infection. At Camp Wikoff a pathetic incident occurred. One man who had been furloughed asked for his clothes and $12 that he had left in his shirt pocket. LTv ,1 r;^"' u ' ""'' "'^ '' ^° ^^^ ^'^ f-^ h^-^- H- w- told hat kis clothing had been burned and the $,2 also, as no one had thought to 00k in the httie pocket. At this news the weak and miserable fellow col- lapsed, and It was necessary again to put him on his cot. He was lying semi- unconscious. overcome with disappointment and the hopelessness of his posi- tion, when a nurse went to his bedside. her.';'/' "^'^ ^" ^ '"'''"''' ^^°"' y*'"'' "^°"">' ^"'"8 burned," she said, "and With that she handed him ^12. The poor fellow could not at at first realize his good fortune, but finally he smiled and then fell asleep. The nurse was Miss Harriet E. Hawley, daughter of General Hawley. United States Sen- ator fro.n Connecticut, who cast her lot in the deten.on hospital when help was great y needed there. The ^13 was really burned, and mL Hawley hd collected the money from doctors and nurses, subscribing the most herself „,!. I '\^'"'^^^^^ ""'^"°^" dead. A plain wooden cross marks the grave where he I'es by his comrades on the hillside overlooking the lake. There was none beside him at the last to whom he was anything more than a dyin^ gone From the time he was brought in there was no hope for him. The deadly po that oozes from the Cuban soil had permeated his system! a honelf '^ P^""^-- -^'-'^1 ^^ver. It doesn't matter much what they call a hopeless disease. The soldier alternated between unconsciousness and de- r urn and all eflforts to find out who he was were unavailing. His one glim- -aering of reason was when he called in plaintive iteration for his mother. Mother ! mother ! Isn't she coming at all ?" li^hte^T' ^T- '"'"' T T'^""' '''^'■''" '"'^^'■'■"S from malarial fever in a Ire dv ;. ^'^r ^"'^^ '°'"" °" ^''°'" '^^ ^^^t' ^"d had found him u d and"t ■tC T '"T"''- ^""^ '''' °" ^^^ '^^' °f his cot, holding his rounds^ she ro«e and half turned. The unknown soldier turned on his side 401 402 STORIES OF THE CAMP. and saw her standing there. For a moment there could be seen in his eyes the struggle of returning consciousness; then a great peace shone on the wasted face. " Mother," he said meekly, " you've come at last." The woman turned and saw a stranger feebly holding out his arms to her. She stood amazed, but it was only a moment before the mother heart comprehended. " Yes, dear boy," she said, softly, " I've come." " Lift me up," he said, " I want to go home. You've come to take me home ; haven't you, mother ? " She stooped over and kissed him, then sat on the edge of the cot and took the emaciated form in her arms. He leaned back, his eyes closed, and he smiled. But soon he opened his eyes again. " I don't believe I can go," he whispered. " Don't you mind, mother ; }jut_I — don't— believe— I— can-t-go." His breathing grew slower and softer. His head dropped back, and he half turned in the woman's arms. " I've ionged for you so, mother," he said, and died. The woman laid the body down and went back to her ov/n son. Quizzed the Wrong Soldier. The soldier boys who were sent to Montauk Point got anything but a cheering first impression of the place. An arid stretch of sand, dotted with tents and a few rough buildings were all that could be seen. At the station the returning soldier saw a crowd, but that crowd was in no ways interested in him or in the company of which he was a member. In other places he had been accustomed to some little attention and notice, as an integer of the military organization, but at Camp Wikoff where everything was military and the civilian the noticeable exception, nobody turned around to look at him. After clambering down the sandy embankment he and his companions •' fail in " and wait while their commanding officer hustles around for instructions. The soldiers look about them and their hearts sink, for the camp itself is hidden beyond the line of hills, and what they see is as unattractive a centre of activity as ever sprung up from nothing in a few days. Such of the Camp Wikoff soldiers as deign to say anything to them do not furnish encouragement. " Better write home to your folks, Johnny," is the remark that one man tosses at them over his shoulder. " You may not get another chance." " Hope you brought plenty of grub," says another. " You'll only get one meal a day here." ^ " You chaps have got a nice place for a camp," says a third. " Right in the middle of a swamp." . " Well, the burying ground is handy by," remarks another, reassuringly, STORIES OF THE CAMP. ^^.^ Longer and longer grow the faces of the new men ,nH ,i u ■ grumble among themselves for th,„ rf„„'. 7 ' '' ""^y ^e<" to "jollied," and that if ml«e ^ were rT,ll ° ' ""f""""'' *« 'l><=y are being .soldiers wonld never sa" wTroSiri?"" tl'^^ T'""'' irera':7wtrsi"r="'°r'' -^ '° '--'a«on"'wi,h'i,''r„Tm\: "o. cheer thlrfor he/a tZi: the"'' ';:"'"« r' '=""""'' *^ ^'S"' »"' this camp i„s,e;d of to its ealj ,T J"" °' '^' "'=" '<> *= "aturc of which th^ Northern mrnlre'r soTow'/ '""'^""^ '="^^" =""-=• f™"> out atsT^^ft^Td S'thTlce"' T'""' '"' '""" ' ''« ■■" "■= -d lock and breathe in the rtsh ocean " ^°"k "' "° *^ "'•''"'>' """ »f '-"» that their trip here is't el?:: eTr' hT eTr '"or'the^W V^"'" " ''^"^= Newspaper Row is a new ^n.o^ . , , *"^ ^'"^^ J"st west of c. be' found on Montauk plTTf " " '''°'T '" '' ■""-»' " -'= =» Job's comforters at the sbtiorLt .T'"! ""°"^'' *= ''='»* <>' *e their own funerals. U er wh n Tn thl '7 """ "^ " *=>' """ g<""g 'o tion it would not be posSle t„ "magL: ' ' ""^ ''■^'"-''"«^'' ■•'88-^- a big w^Ii""" Why"l;if :fa'bl "''' ""^ °'*="' =' "' '''' '" - '"e top of to vviiy, rnis IS a blooming picnic ! " The Soldier's Hardships. Occasionally it happened that the " inlH^rc " * *u the wrong men. A sZ detachment of 'reguL elm; T'°" T' "''' °' -ra'dtrs'sfd^ r" br^; h!^;^:;^- r -° ^'- - -slder him- "Ain't thev I ":,m7. V^ ' "^served to the man next to him the arm^" " ' ' "" ''°"' *'"f"">'- " bonder how they ever got into "you m^a^rrylllltfte^d'rrTh''""""^ ^ ""* ""^=' ^' "-^ -""^-an, -.w;hLyou.::t,rr^r;wt;Tber;^:;-^^^^^^^^^ m 404 STORIES OF THE CAMP. with sand on the side. We slept in the mud by the lakeside an' when we were cold we pulled the waves up over us. This place here is Coney Island and the Waldorf House rolled into one, for us, and next week me and my bunkie '11 come around and dance jig-steps on your grave." The cavalrymen looked at each other and passed on. At Camp Alger, a visitor going through the company streets was apt to hear some choice effects like this : " Who found the cow ? " one chap would howl. " Twenty-second Kansas " was the answer from another group. " Who killed the cow ? " " First Rhode Island I " " Who ate the cow ? " " Sixth Pennsylvania ! " A Third New York man, who claimed to have helped the Sixth eat it, and said it was good, told this story : " It was while we were— well, before we started for Bristow Lst week. Some nature-loving Kansans were out viewing the scenery, and came across a cow in the woods. It was a lost cow, and they were sorry for it— better dead, they said, than live in a country where there's nothing to eat or drink, and, leaving one of their number on guard, they went back for the axe and things. " Meanwhile, a squad of Rhode Islanders, with axes, ' out for wood,' came, and to make sure the killing was humanely done, did it themselves, and leaving their guard over the remains, went to camp for knives and things. Next came the Sixth Pennsylvania, who, to save it from spoiling, shouldered the carcass ' they had found,' carried it into their camp and dined that day. " But they paid for it. Next day in the march to Bristow the Rhode Island boys were on guard, and the Sixth were kept in line at the point of the bayonet, if need be. Not a drop of water could they have had if the wayside had been rivers, and, the story was, that two miles march out of the way was from the direction the little Rhodys gave to the leaders." Troopers and Their Horses. The Troopers at Camp Wikoff, at Montauk Point, managed to extract considerable amusement out of the camp routine. They evidence a keen liking to get " tenderfeet " upon their arrival. ^ ■ That horse ? Why, he's gentle as a lamb. Needn't be afraid of him. This was the invariable recommendation given by the trooper to his horse or anybody else's horse upon whom he seeks to mount the unsuspect- ing stranger. Other troopers stand about and say: " Sure, he wouldn't hurt nobody." STORIES OF THE CAMP. ^, *a„ge hand on the bridle tLI ' 'T^' '""" '" '^' '^"'"'""'i ^ animal begins ,o praL nd waUz W ^° ^1,' ""' "" '^^■•■' »"*" '"" «•= experienced horseman Helm do ZZ:^ T'" """ '""^ "^ ""' »" on h^ fee. before he is shnn.rd offn; " l'" hlad '"' "'" '° '""' "^ '»^^ and atlf .': hotetill 'L^^::d ZT"^ '\ '"' ''^'^ "' ^ "'"- he is usnally an intelli J„, bea,? a^H n K .' ." ''°°"' '''' '>"»'"«''■ f-"- circumspect manner There w' ,'" '^'^^'^ '"'"^'"' 'henceforward in a nered, b„. .hey were scarce and hV'^ ''°"" "'°' ""= '""J' "'W-™- an animal with^ome li e n h,m and "° "'=^"V''?'"""- ^"^ "■""^' "-'^ bargain, it makes no par Liar' dWe ,'-' '? .'i'" "'^"'^ ""■ "'"-"^ '■""> «■■= imbued with the idea Eh ^f'""'"'' '°'' "'«^ cavalryman is commonly springs with t .t n he ,ad"d?e°"lIT" ""f '"=' '"'" '° '"" '■-''■ have any friends who come aroun^.rv^h ",.'''"'°'' '">"■"='">' ^8" 'o tests that he isn't a hor"emanthe? ""'"""' ^''- " ""= f™"'' P™- nature is immediate^ f^Xoming. """" "^""'"^ '"^ "^"''^ P-'«c Jackies on Bronchoes. and P^c^dXTI^- i-— e l^^y^r t^- --- 'r :^rh:rkfonLX':'r;:t"K^^^^^^^^^^ country. Some could rde/nTn. ^ "^5 ''°"^ '^' ''^^'^^ ^-^ ^'^•'°«« the teaches Jack that th fit law of I' ''"''"'' '"* " '''' °" ^^'^ °--" --e hung onlsome to the n" k oT l"h " " *° '^"^ °" ^'-'^' ^"^ ^^e sailors some to the jerk^ reTn^s the K '°''^^'.^°'"^ *° ^he pommel of the saddle. Occasionally it^! ::7CX^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^'^7'^/':^ ^"^-^-^' sailor boy in the saddle pnH . f ^ "^ past with a terrified, but determined ribs to keep him going "°'" °" '^''"'' ^'^^'"^ ^^e animal in the One such combination came to ffrief in a Hftrh f« i, ,. observed the ditch looming up ahead M r f' ''^'" *^^ '"^'"^'^ yell he swung around. "hVsadd e a„d ^^^^^^^^^^^ him. and with a neck, whereupon both fell off The h ^ ! companion around the gayly on and'turned up ^t hif quirters Z' " T ^^ *l^ '"^^^"' ^^"^P^^ day furnished entertainm nt o^ th soM fu ^^""'^'^ ''''^^ '^' ''""' •steed and alternately yeV, '' Lck'wa^eH >• to th"''"' T '\' "^^' °' '^''^ whomsoever he passed : *° *^* ^"""^^ ^^ appealing to " Hey ! how do you steer the blasted craft?" 406 STORIES OF THE CAMP. Some few horses were reported to the Provost Marshal as missing, but nearly all of them were recovered by that officer, who, with his men, formed a highly efficient detective service. In all cases it appeared that the horse either got loose or was taken by mistake. Horse stealing did not flourish, though the opportunities would seem to be unlimited, as the men simply tied their horses at the rack near the station or at the hospital or wherever the> chanced to have business and left them there unguarded for hours. There were, however, few animals withouc brands, which was in itself a vital dis- couragement to the horse-stealing business. But though a man's horse was safe, th> saddle and bridle were regarded by the trooper as his rightful prey, when found unguarded ; much as an umbrella is regarded in city communities. To acquire a saddle and bridle without payment was a fine joke.' To the owner thereof the joke may not have been quite so apparent, as this outfit cost ^18.50. It must not be sup- posed that the troopers went around to the racks where the horses were hitched and coolly stripped them of their trappings This would not be etiquette, nor would it be safe. It was the wandering horse that lost his out- fit, and there were many wandering horses, for the cavalry steed is an adept at getting loose by a process in the performance of which nobody ever dis- covers him. A double slip noose would seem to be a sufficient guarantee of stability, but it isn't. Horses Got Well Quickly. When a horse wanders with his saddle and bridle the loss of these equip- ments is considered a proper penalty for the owner's carelessness. He was a foolish man, too, who left his horse out after 9 o'clock at night saddled and bridled. The chances were that, unless he kept a sharp watch, he would be out the value of $18.50. The average soldier had no conscience in this mat- ter. A trooper who, if he found your purse with 1^500 in it would return it to you intact would steal your saddle and bridle the next hour and think himself none the worse for it. He does not steal it to sell it, but to keep against the time when somebody steals his, and if the feelings of the owner arouse compassion he soothes his sensibilities by the reflection that the loser can go and steal somebody else's horse outfit. From the arrival of the troops in camp the horses picked up much quicker than the men. To the good air and fine grazing ground this was due. Mon- tauk Point had been used chiefly as a grazing ground, and thousands upon thousands of heads of cattle grew fat on the juicy herbage, their owners pay- ing a small rent for the grazing privileges. All this grass was at the disposal of the army horses, who got pretty short rations much of the time in the STORIES OF THE CAMP. ^ .tayed at Tampa and Fernandl!,a ^" ""'''' '^'''' con.panions who " TJie death rate there amontr the cavalrv nnim.i ."ost of the regiments. Many of tl.Lors sSoT. ""' '""''"''^ ^''^^ '" ing on the ju,celess sand grasses and d e" rom Zt Ma" Th °'T' '" ^^^^■ prostration. Almost all wer,. m^ 'rom tiiat. Many others died of heat tense heat. J 12 l7"s2nZj:7 '"1 °" '"= "^^^ ^^ "■= »" horse useless. The Tenth r«! I ""?"',■""•'■■'' "-l^'* finally rendered the .ne„. there, n-aiill'; J^te' reW^r 171: '°" """" ^"^ °"'" -«'- in the management of armv hnrL T t ' '^ "" experienced hand paeity, iasistfd on light Zk a„d he be?' T 'V"^ ""' "" '" "^^' "" showed the least s J ofrek„e« .^ "' '="\'^'' *="'• As soon as a horse turned loose to pick wha he eo W in Z""?° "" "'''"'" "''" ^o"' -« the Tenth lost only one" ehlh a ' -. i """'"''■ '^'" '""" "» «'« regiments encamped "earlhm and i^ "l """ ""'^^ °' *^ »*" lot of animals as one wTuld w"mo s^e. "°"'' "* '' »"'«'^-'-W"S a Heroism in Camp. if npg^,^:Lrarrfir '^tr 'Vorrrr=' '" '■=-'™' - --• A, Third New Jersey Volunteers, came face to f^e :;i,\'"T '" '""""'•"' tion. and demonstrated that he k h„H r .u " dangerous situa- heroes. Durini; a heavv l,nd ? ' V ""= ™"™' "«■' Si»es us our set on fire, At't e ;eT wtm otd™! Zt7 ^ T ^' ^""^ "™'^ "' Peter realized that a destruXe e^Toti " ""* '"'s'' "Plo^ives. removed to a place of safctv On £ ""' '"""'""" ""'=^' "■= "»»' "as •he ^gi'Tr ;r f'^ r™ '-r""^"- °f «ari:r:a.triicrg breathlefslV exclZed J:'It:ranf *;'^°'' "' "■=/"^-" '=''^-^"' explosives, is fastened there.^ ' ■"" " °" ""■ The float, with progi "hat nXg'Iafbe'-drr" ""'"■ """' '"' "' "^ ^^^ -^^ the hZr LTseuiToatLtft"'' '"" "''"^'' ^^"■«"^- " *^ ^ -' *' ^^Z Xtd';.*= '"•^'■'=™"' ''P''^"- •■ " »-" -an death to) and slve ",he'flll7? ■.''"""'*"'°"' "''■" *' ''"™'' P'eaded, ".o cut the ropes I*" %'\ mff t« 4 J.* 408 STORIES OF THE CAMP. Lieutenant McGregor hesitated, and Peter continued: "Give the order, sir, I'll do the job." " No, I shall give no orders to that effect," the Lieutenant replied. Peter only listened long enough to understand no order would be given and then determined to act. He got Arthur Crowell and Thomas Ortell to come to his assistance. Peter leading the way, the three men ran on to the pier with open knives m their hands. They threw themselves on the string-pieces and began hacking at the hawsers that held the float. One after another the severed ropes dropped into the water, and the float, released, moved si'ently out of danger. Then the three men ran for their lives. The float was at a safe distance when suddenly there was a terrific explosion. The dynamite bombs had ex- ploded and the heavens were lighted with a blindin- flash. Peter and his two comrades were safe ; so, too, was the iioat and its cargo. Faced Death Three Times Peter was born in Dundee, Scotland, on November 30th. 1863. He would have joined the British army when he was seventeen years old, but his parentB objected and pleaded with him not to. It was his mother's en- treaties that led Peter to say: "All right, mother, I won't join the a my but I would like to become a soldier." Peter faced death three times. His life was nearly crushed out a ftw years ago when he stopped a runaway, to save from harm, perhaps death, two women who were taking an afternoon drive. Peter has a scar on one of his ch<;ek3. It was caused by a bullet. On the day before his departure for Manila, Brigadier General Harrison G. Otis had occasion to visit the headquarters of the Seventh California Regi- ment. Now, it should be understood, for the better appreciation of this story, that the Seventh hails from Southern California, and that Los Angeles of that sectioa afso has the distinction of being the home of General Otis. It should also be understood that the general is recognized down there as a— well, his friends refer to him as a statesman, while his enemies allude to him as a politician. These facts being understood, the story may go right on just as if nothing had happened. General Otis, clad in that military splendor of costume which Solomsn and his lilies knew not, approached the guard and the guard knew him. Now • it was the duty of the sentry in a case where the camp was thus honored to \ announce the fact in the following words : " General officer ! Turn out the guard." But General Otis still was a little distance .nvvay and the sentry thought he could safely vary the form •( the words a little. He did so : STORIES OF THE CAMP. 409 But the • Here comes the main euv Ti,r« . .^ That was what he said IZ' m °"* *^^ P"'*'' '" 'atter was equal to th^o'ton ' "" "'^^ ''^ ^^^^^ ^-d. " Never mind the push " he snJrl • •< *i A w ^^^ '^^"^ ^^°* ^^^^^y- Chirur,ic:Z;;irpt;;d:tra^S •^.""^t^'^^"^-^ ^' *^^ ^edico- that supphes sent to individuaV oldS •„ '"' ''^'' ^^""^ °"* ^''^" charge R'co did not always reach the d.. . ^^"' "' Santiago and i„ P„rto Santiago wrote home an^was^g.^ ^ 'Trf^'' ^^i-s soldier whilel^ -nt to Nin, in care of his regimem The i'"" "' ' '°" °' J^"'- ^^^^ been never shewed up. ^ "*' ^''^ ''^^ '^as watched for eagerly, but it A few days before h«» l^ft c ^- and purchased a glass of J l' I'^^Zt^'^ ^^^..^-^ ^e went into a store havmg been put up i„ truly royarsMe Th " '""^*'°" ^^'^^"^ of its leavmg the store the soldier happened to tu n fh"',^"^ ^"^ "'"^^^ ^^"^'^^ On wntten on a scrap of paper and'pTstt on th. b'^f '" "^"'^ '°""' ^^ ^^ere The poor fellow had paid ninety cents f". f'" "'' ^'"^ '"°*'^^^'^ "-«. reached him days before. ^ ^'■^^'"^"^ °f what should have ve.^J,^^::;-^:-f :-^^^^^ i- this war was one before. The regulation dob^^ wt^s wtr/^ "T "^" '"'''■^^^^ ^^^^-^^ them o„-all with the lacings on he Sjf t^'l f° ^'^"' ^"^ ^^ey put a» they marched out for parade the Io"n ^ , ' ^'^' ' ^^' ''""Jt was that hooks of the leggings on the Vth "r tbo^ "' "^' '^^ ^^"^^^ ^ ^'-' Pletely and making n^ost of the re t sf^mSr"^ """^u °' ^'^^ '"'^" "P -- The volunteer colonel thought that thewh '""^ "' '""''y ^'^ «teps. :" a state of mingled ragelL lltLti ''Tl'' "" ^^""'^' -^ -as •nterest of the occasion. <=°nsternat,on. which added greatly to the A thousand pens were busy descrihm^ *u ^ . but .t should not be forgotten th'lt e'en Jfhfbe^ ;'^ f ^"""'^^^ --P. happy exhibitions of camp philosopr thV " °^'^' '''^ ^^ere were • "" "" '""^'"^ -'^ "■■■» "o"/ with ai;;h:t;;r'"sr Ai''''-; 410 STORIKS OF THE CAMP. Look out for those ribs. You ain't rubbin' on your washboard ! " one found a tendency, on the part of even very sick men, to see the bright side and make li^jht of the sufferings they bore willingly for love of the flag. Tiiere were many curious characters to be seen at Camp Wikoff. Not the least of these was " Bang." That was the name he went by in Company I, of the Rough Riders. Before his enlistment he was a chemist, and sol- diering did not alienate his affections from his old pursuits. His tent was ihc scene of many an experiment, and in the peaceful evenings, when he had time to devote himself to his chemicals, the spectacle of his bunkie emerging from the tent with smouldering night-shirt, pursued by a burst of composite flame, was by no means infrequent. Later came the experimenter himself, with hair and eyebrows singed, somewhat pained and very apologetic. A Ohemist in Oamp. The regiment hadn't been in camp five days before the chemical trooper had supplied himself with all kinds of vials, retorts, graduated glasses and a con- siderable assortment of chemicals, the labels of most of which were washed off by the rain, which may account for results. The very evening that the ship- ment arrived he utilized the opportunity of solitude in his tent, while his bunkie was in another man's quarters, to mix himself a fancy concoction of acids and precipitants and alkalies and other substances which go to make the life of the chemist an exciting one. There was a loud explosion, and he exuded informally from the rear of the tent in a blaze of red flame, " like a fancy devil straight from hell." as Bunkie unfeelingly observed. After the third explosion the company nick- named him " Bang," and the name spread. It also became customary to greet him, upon meeting, with the polite inquiry: " Had any arms or legs blown off to-day? " For some time his tentmate endured with patience, but having sacri- ficed most of his spare clothing in the cause of science, he exacted a promise from Bang that thereafter all clothing should be removed from the tent when- ever an experiment was going to be undertaken, a condition to which the chemist agreed with a sigh. Next the other trooper sought to interest hi.s companion in botany, thinking to draw his mind from the other pursuit, and in an unlucky moment called his attention to the wild arsenic plant, which grows abundantly hereabouts. •' Green fire from Bang's tent to-night," was the rumor that went through the company, and a small crowd gathered at a respectful (?:.;Hnce to await results. . " Come in and watch, boys,' said the chemist. " This is entirely harm- STORIES OF THE CAMP. Ho iwmecd to a muss of Brccn liquid in a sort of fryiiiB-pan a„d ,. tlie c,rclc drew near, a pan of witches' brotl,, >vl,icl. had L!!2^^^,^^ by. ux,.„dcd. .scateormg the arsenic in splotches over everything fc l^^u , =.>:aini„, that it .asn. the ^ri^r^^ ^z^:^:i-':::::^f^ Tale of a Typewriter. rowed from Goa Fr.nri Ma^. V '^'"'"^^^ '^'^^'"^ Adjutant, and bor- been removed to C . jvic.de Z T i T . . ,• ^^'"' ^ "" *''°°P'^ ^ad P-o„ Of ad.,ta„t, and^i^o': Oil^:;;;"^^^^^^^ ---1= c;iLo:'-'Sfti^Tri.r^i.--= .nach.,e in male n.^ u^ 1 1^ ,?' "=" "'''""""'' '''-■''^^"6 the use of the '.™ . ».. to hf s,t°t'::.''iot; rX: trit: "r„'r I't- from him. The cha~f aZlr T l'"''"' '"'"' ='"<' ">* '"' ^«ou! War. the maxtout !!, tTfowi^hTd™ r° rt ''°- V °'*.^^"'*^ "^ over three davs and f-.„ ','""""" "• "^th. The court-martial extended best wtoess for the S , " ""' '"""' '" "■= P'^'""": ^ut proved the »as acquSed and wt ""■ ' T"' ^""'"'"'' "'' °"» -""-i He Scotland Seho'oL ^"° °" '""^- ^'"= 'W™"'- was agam a. the a. Mo^n^uk i'n heTlefrch'T 'T 1 '"T T'"'"' """''""^ "hat she saw *w York Regtent " "■• "''° ''" '"'''"" '" '"= ^-^-y-fi-t an. afraW ^S""' "^"^ '''"""■ '^"«'''' '3' '«9S-My Dear Mrs I am afraid I shall scare you with a long letter this time, for I have lots to ^li \l\ 412 STORIES OF THE CAMP. write I thought you would be interested to hear about Jack, and what I saw at Montauk. Sunday we got a telegram from Jack, saying he was oul of detention camp, and we could see him. We went up Monday morning. Mamma and and I drove from here-twenty miles-and the rest went by train. We were told, for heaven's sake, not to go without takmg some- thing, and we loaded up the carriage with bread and hard-boiled eggs and . fruit and forty or fifty sandwiches, as well as some dozens of handkerchiefs and socks and towels. We were glad we had done so. When we got within a mile or so of the camp, we began to meet soldiers, both regulars and vo un- teers. The first I saw was a young boy-he could not have reached e.ghteen years-who was leaning against the fence. He was white as death, thm, w.th dark lines under his eyes. " I called to him. and he came walking over-not walking, shuffling, like an old man. ' I'm awful hungry,' he said, when I asked him. His voice was low and weak, and he steadied himself against the carriage as he spoke. We gave him a good meal to take away with him. He wanted to pay us "They tell me the suffering in the regulars' camps, is as great as, or greater, than that in the volunteers'; but I can't say myself, for I did not go beyond the lines of the Seventy-first. I saw enough there. Men lying m their tents so weak that they cannot drag their canteens toward them, though they are frantic for water. Men, aching in every bone, who have to he on the bare ground, with nothing but a poncho under them. Wasted by Disease. " Many of their blankets were stolen by the Cubans, and they have had no others issued to them. Big six-foot bearded fellows, so weakened by star- vation and illness, that they burst into tears at a kind word or action. Boys sitting outside their tents with a look on their faces it is terrible to see- a fixed, blank look that asks nothing, but tells an awful story of suffering and despair. It is fearful. , , "We passed on, more and more sick at heart, until we reached Jacks company. I asked the first man I saw if he were there, and he said yes and called his name. From in front of one of the tents, a tall, thin, shaky figure got slowly up and came toward us. I thought, ' Good heavens, I hope that s not Jack !' " It was Jack. . , , , , " We rushed up to him. and he caught hold of us. as though he would never let eo again. Mamma came up just then, and Jack smiled at her, and the next moment rolled over at our feet in a dead faint. " A dozen men were around us at once, and they bathed Jack's head and STORIES OF THE CAMP. 413 Dnng mm to. Then the men carried him to the carriaee and tnlH ... ,„ j • him up to the hospital and mal desperate struggle. Attack on El Oaney. "The morning of July ist, about fi\ -" o'clock, we commenced to hear volleys. It was one of the most beautiful mornings ir ..^ginable, and it seemed impossible that men could be striving to take each other^s lives on si ch a day. We found out that the fire was going on about El Cane;;, and we aixiously awaited any news that might tell how the fr: y was progressing. About half- past eight or nine that morning we noticed an unusual movement and stirnng on the streets, and later we could hear blasts of cornets as the trumpeters upon the corners called the various corps of volunteers to assemble. " Then I felt the worst was yet to come. The volleys seemed to be nearer and nearer, and soon we heard the roar of artillery on land. By ten o'clock the firing was quite heavy, and we did nothing but rush constantly to th'; windows ; everybody was excited and restless, and from that moment the paralyzation of Santiago commenced ; everything was chaos. " Once when I went to the window I heard a passerby remark that a shell had dropped in the Plaza de Armas. It startled me greatly, and by and by we found out that a shell had fallen on the Igelsia del Carmen, but fortu- nately it did not explode, while the damages were very slight. H- — was at the time with the French Consul and their colony, in the house next to the church, and had the shell exploded there would have been a fearful disaster, for very many were collected there. "We were all worked up to the greatest excitement when the firing ceased; we made the best of the temporary silence and had a hurried break- fast. We had just fini.shed, and it must have been about noon, when once more the firing commenced on land, accompanied by the heavy guns of the fleet directed at the city. I was at the time in the patio, wiping the WITH THE BESIEGED. d fire with disK.,,vhe„ I heard a fearf„, roa. and a showe. of p,oJec«les .caZ describe .he »e„sa,i„„^„d o„i; one wto has been" f 'T' """"' ' """"' fire can for™ any opinion of .he .Lrib.e 'Z^Z^Z « pfed .Ta ^ ""^^ • "The voJun.eers who tools part in that .,"■' ?""""='' ""'""""'oon. .hemselve, with valor, and much credit i" due to Im f^'^™'°' '""''"""' and all they had to defend a land »!.=, . ' '^"Po'ing their lives thousand brines and St^s fron, the wrve'ste,"? T'l" =°''""^- ''- under the command of the principal offic^sTf tl,e fl«t "" '"' '" '"' ^'=^' our ap^tifrti^ Syr t:t" E;:;:t,:d''^"^ -r ^"'"'"' "■°-'' fire-arms; 'he slamming ofa door, the flu of a chi eiral U "h'h'" ""^ °' my nerves in a way that I cannot describe. ' *''' '° ='"^"= Nights Without Sleep out :z:z "^^^^ r;:i s^r::::^? °?*^- -^^ ^^^ ^- suits of the day's en^as^menr C ^.r ^ ' ^°""^ °"^ '^""^ ^^ the re- many officers were kUled I i. 7T ^"''r '^' ^^^' ^"^^^^ R"bin and Military Governor of Santiago, were woundld ' '"' """"^^ ^'■"^^^^' ^'- ^k^^^Z^LtZlX^^^ '''^^ ^ r'- ^^ P-^ tha. about five o'clock, we colen^ed to h^^^^^^^^^ ''? ''' ^.^^'"^ ^^ wa. were whistling over the houses. We aH lo un ! 7' '"' '°°" ^^'^"^ from the windows we could see thel^L^ \^ "^'"^'^ ""' P^^^'^'^, and streets, telling of the mTs^uns ha la^relCH T '"^ ^'^°"^^ ^^^ bombs. Fortunately the artillerv fir. fl '"■ ^'"""^^ ^y ^""'^^'^^S though it continued for Lrettn an hf " "/^ "" °' ^'^"^^ ^"-^-n "After fh;,f .11 ^''"'' ^g^'"'f the Morro. Nobody could tell what had rr '"^°''^' ''"'I, ""^ «'"><= ■' was indeed a panic, whithefthey we e soiL or thT,". ' ^" "" '""■™'' '° ''"'' ^''O' "" l<"0»""6 0"' that a rumor rsclcirtedlT.r'r*' *''"'"^- ^' '="«* «- f-"' bard the city at haToas ,et .^ ,1 *', ^-^erican flee, was going ,„ bom- Parture on a special expreirtrain ' ^^ ^" ""''=^''' P"""- '" *=''■ *- "Father arrived at this time, and told us he had heard the rumor, but m \i ' 420 WITH THE BESIEGED. discredited it, since no such measure could be taken until the city actually fell into the hands of the invaders. At any rate, if the rumor should prove true, there was very little time to lose. We fixed up a little, got together one change of clothing, something to eat, and got read; to go— where ? That was indeed the question. Father knew not which way to go. It was enough to drive anybody crazy. Panic in the Streets. " Meanwhile the panic-stricken people flocked through the streets like frightened sheep. People sick with high fever were there; women weak from malaria and dysentery dragged themselves along with the ' drove.' I asked many if they credited the rumor, and all I got in reply was ' Quien sabe ? ' At this moment the chief of police and a large body of guards appeared on the scene, and after much trouble succeeded in quieting all, telling them it was simply the work of the French Consul and certain evil-doers. The fact is that the former was the cause of all die disturbance, though perhaps with- out any bad intention. "At any rate he lost his head, and made his exit to Cuebitas with all his followers. On the way he found himself between two fires, for at that time there was heavy fighting at El Caney. This village and Cuebitas were the two places selected as the neutral rendezvous for non-combatants. H will tell you all the particulars of the trip, as he fled with the Consul at the time. We all returned home, since the rumor was false. Dinner that day was a farce, for who could eat in peace with so many rumors and no possible way of getting at the truth ? "At dusk the firing ceased. Father went out and we retired in a vain attempt to sleep. . \t half-past nine a terrific fire rommenced anew, and when father came 1 xck we all got up and dressed. Mother was very much fright- ened when she heard the volleys so near, with the roar of cannon now and then. On 1. ^r account father got the permission of M to spend the night at his storehouse, and this we did, sitting in ch«>irs till about half-past eleven, for when the firing ceased we returned home. " Then came the eventful Sunday of the 3rd. At eleven o'clock the Span- ish fleet left its moorings and steamed out into Vhe arms of the enemy, and what happened you all know by this time. The noise of the conflict was terrible. We did not know the result of this catastrophe till four o'clock in the afternoon, for a rumor was circulated that it had finally evaded the enemy and was now on its way to Havana. " Late that same afternoon a friend of ours, s^^rving at the time in one of the volunteer regiments, called upon us, and told u^ that the American admiral had issued a proclamation saying that if the city Uid not surrender the next M WITH THE BESIEGED. ^^1 day at ten o'clock he would bombard it Th*. r^« i i in delaying this measure till the TtlTn Ler that th' kT"' ''""^'^^'^ sary time to get their subjects intl n^t^d terrfto^^^ ""'^'^ '^^^ ''^ -^ " When father heard this ne*s his one idea was to „t „,„ r .u • immediately. Knowing that a liritish ntan-of-war w s ^oSnrhel,'" "X ay he visited the British Consul and begged him to aVe "away^^ * l"" us to understand that he would do all that was possible and ThM ,1, ^ good chances, and at that we commenced to get toTel "1 u T" goods, not with the idea of taking them awav buVr ,t , u ^ '"""'•■''"I'' ready to move in case of fire ^' "■""■■■■ "''' "''^ ""K"" be we di^^aft'^t'i^^r-gor^t'-icrdtrrtr-""-' ^" away the things that I th'ought ! wol ev fsee a^ VZrf, " ' •"" iri'll n.^ht-^thottlrnt^-'reT^"'^'^' "■''"«"-*--<' ^- pietei;'s"h!!,e"r uSi 't': ''.?Li"'.tr' ^^-^ °" °"'^ ""■-^ »- -"■ away on the ship. Howel" it was oft "■'"7^« '"ought we could get would be if the c'ity should b^ bol^ eTl^: dTetal " lo'^'^t """' '" till 1 cared not whether I lived or died ^"' *"" "'^'l ...or,forwe.nep;,,eXra:i:l^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Preparing to Resist. "It was now already dusk, and father was at his wits' end Fir.f .> go to Cuebitas, then to El Canpv th^n t o t^ b , "^^ '* ^^^^ pull through as best we cou,7; ^r u°' ^°'"'' *^'" ^^"^ ^* ^°^^ decidedtoLy wLta friend of tr^ . bombardment. We had at last indeed be mos^ rmpruden S ^''^Z' 'f^"^ "« "^^ to do so, as it would iustgetting readX tve ^^7^^-^^' ^^ ^^^^^ ^'^ ^°""^^- ^^ -- us all the hardships the pL.t ^T~. "''''^ '"°'' ^PP^^tunely and told we pleased, but a.^ thafth"''', ^""^ ^!f encountered. He told us to do as not return 'then' i:^ Illldle^seTed' '^ """'"^^'^^' ^"^ ^^^^ ^^ ^"^^ Father^'pL'nldlto't "^"' "* ^"" "^ *'^ ^^""^^ '^^ -- -o- .!!:!lit' 422 WITH THE BESIEGED. it pi " The day end^d quietly. No shots had been heard, though everythin{j was being prepared for the encounter of the coming day. All you could see were armed soldiers, rifles, and cannon. Nothing was heard but cannon, rifles, ammunition, trenches, etc., etc. There arrived this day five thousand men from Holguin, and in spit- uf there being so many troops in the city, not the slightest disturbance occurred. We retired simply because we ought to have some rest, and spent the time half dressed on bare beds, for every thing had been packed up. " It must have been about eleven or half-past when we heard a terrific explosion that shook the doors and windows of our house. What could it mean ? Had the long-delayed bombardment commenced ? " After a while we found out that the Spaniards had blown up a cruiser at the mouth of the harbor to prevent the invading fleet from forcing an entrance. We knew a gentleman that had gone out with her, and we had grave doubts as to his safety, for some of the American vessels opened fire when they saw the boat at the mouth of the harbor. This same gentleman had lost a son in the engagement of the 4th. He had survived the American fire, but on trying to make the land he was met by the naked machetes of the negro insurgents and the cries of ' Die, coward ! ' a fate that befell many of the Spanish sailors. Fleeing to the Country. " At three o'clock the next morning the streets were once more filled with terrified people, all fleeing to the country. Nothing could be heard but the cries of women and children. We got up as quickly as possible, and at five left the house. On the street we met a poor old woman with her son, an invalid man, crying and Pegging for aid. How could this poor soul leave the rity with such a burden ! And the streets were filled with just such pathetic scenes, for how could it be otherwise when there were so many sick ? Many of them died on the way. " Once aboard the steamer San Juan we felt a little easier, and at ten o'clock we steamed away to the inlet called Cocos. We ate better that day and rested somewhat. We had been in the inlet six days when the captain received word from the commandant, and we steamed back to Santiago, though we were advised not to land, since the city had been completely sacked, and was left without lights, water, or the means of getting anything in the stores. The captains had been summoned to be informed that if the enemy forced an entrance all their vessels should be burned More cheerful news! We returned to Los Cocos that evening, and everybody was busy getting ready their goods, as we were going ashore there the next morning to camp out as best we could. WITH THE BESIEGED. 42^ "At dawn we went ashore, and the poor chambermaids and stewards cned as they left the vessel. I have never seen a sadder-looking aggregation than ours was that morning when we pitched our tent, which, by the way was a very good one and extremely large. Right by us the people from the steamers Mortera and Mexico also encampc^l, and we were not long in getting acquamted for we had to live like one large family. That day we had to eat rancho (soldiers fare), for we had no time to prepare anything more elaborate. Plying Shot and Shell. I " I forgot to tell you that the bombardment that was to take place on the ' 5th never occur-ed. There had been no attacks by the Americans, and the city had , lot surrendered. Finally we found out that on the loth at four o Clock, smce Santiago had not yet capitulated, the hostilities would com- mence anew. By this time we had gone back to the steamer, as the order to burn all he vessels had been countermanded. We were just goine to eat when we heard a report, and a shell whistled over our K-ads. announcing thai the attack on the city had started. ^ "From that moment the firing was terrible, and the shells screamed horribly. One exploded near us, and the pieces fell within a short distance ot the ban Juan. The captain seemed greatly troubled, and ordered us ashore once more as means of better protection. Great was the confusion. Som« of the poor women were on their knees and the children were crying pitifully At mght. however, all was quiet again, and we found out that the attack had i^ccn very violent, and the resistance stubborn, so the Americans failed to idvance that day. "We passed the night in tranquillity, though, funny as it may sound to you, the fear of the land crabs that were in great numbers about the camn kept me awake It was the first night that I was able to stretch myself on a bed s.nce I had been aboard the Sar. Juan, for though we had a stateroom the children occupied the berths and wo dozed in chairs with our heads on pillows rested on a table. ''The next day, the nth, the firing commenced at nine o'clock and lasted till two, and as on the previous day, the shower of bullets overhead was terrible. "The fighting had been very heavy all day, and it was known tha^ sooner or later the city must be surrendered, for the ammunition, supplies and water vvere getting very low, and without these resistance was impossible. General Linares sent a rahle rppccarra \n Cna-'' "faf" ^t.-.'^ ' x.?. . . ^^ ^•- ^V^'--'> atatiuy liiai unacr the present condi- tions It was impossible to hold out any longer. From that 'Uy on talk of surrendering was heard, and though at first Toral resisted he finally gave in. 11 m; 424 WITH THE BESIEGED. The nirht of the I ith was a very bad one for us, as it rained in torrents .nd the canvas tops soon leaked profusely, drenching us to the sk.n, and to sleep was out of the question. w i i n " Father went away the next morning, and when he returned told us the good news that he had found a house in Cayo Duant. Thither we hurr.ed. and found C V. and his family there. Capitulation of Santiago. " On Sunday, the 17th. the city capitulated. We saw it all from the Cayo, and that afternoon we returned to Santiago. The streets looked very desolate and, though they are a little livelier at present, I guess .t w.ll be a o'g hile before they take their old familiar look. We worked hard to gc. the house in order, though it seemed in.possible that we were at last back '^''"; Provisions are sold at exorbitant prices. The Red Cross has distrib- uted many necessaries, though the people will have to go hungry yet awh.le. They do not think of going to work, but only to procure that wh.eh .s g.vcn them. There is much dysentery in the city, and the number of sick is enormous. ^^^ indeed, call ourselves fortunate in having passed these terrible days in good health, and I will never forget the time we spent on board the San Juan. From June 14th to July i6th we ate hardtack, as the bread had all given out. On the 17th we had neither, though the next day we com- menced to eat bread once more, and nothing ever tasted half so good We thank you heartily for the provisions you sent us. I don't know how long .t had been since we had seen any eggs. I have given you an account of the past, and soon I will tell you all that has happened lately for there .s yet much calamity here. I only hope that there will not be a plague. R. The choice of General Leonard Wood, the first colonel of the Rough Riders, promoted for bravery at La Quasina, for Military Governor of San- tiago, ^fter its capitulation, was an eminently wise one. for combmmg. as he did medical skill with the very highest type of soldierly qual.t.es and executive ability, he was able to overcome the important sanitary problen.s "'^'TnVlong. letter that he sent to Secretary Alger toward the end of Sep- tember General Wood presents vividly the frightful conditions that confronted the American Army of occupation after the surrender of the city. ., J jjave '^-d " writr^., General Wood. " a very difficult position from .1 sanitary point of view, and not an altogether easy one from a military and c.v.i standpoint. When wc came into the city the sanitary situation was something WITH TIIK BESIEGED. 425 frightful. There were a great many uiihuried dead in the houses, between 2000 and 30C)0 Spanish wounded and sick, and a great horde of half-famished and sick people, nearly 20,000 in number, who had just returned from El Caney, where they had gone durii'g the siege. The water supply of the city had been cut off; there was no water to be obtained except from cisterns and a few wells, and the streets were full of dead animals and all sorts of filthy materials. I had to start ir J. ^hc bottom and repair the water-works. Then came the removal of the lead. :'i me of these were burned, because the num- ber was so great and de* jinDo.iitio . had advanced to such an extent that they could not be buried, hnng is n )t uncommonly practiced here during thi- epidemic season. ; ever on all Sides. " We had yellow fever all around us, and about twenty cases in the Span ish military hospital. The civil hospital was full of dying people, and public buildings were being used as hospitals. On the whole, it was an extremely difficult task, requiring a great deal of hard work. I have been working* systematically with every means at hand to improve the sanitary condition ol the city. It is in this department that a vast amount of work has been done. " I have a force of about one hundred and seventy men constantly em- ployed, and at many times have had nearly double this force working day and night to remove the vast accumulations of indescribable filth which has accumulated in the out-houses and yards as well as in the streets of the city, which is reputed to be one of the most unhealthy and dirty in the world. The death rate has drojjpcd steadily since we came in, and is now about one-fourth of what it was in July. The water system has been put in order, and a great many repairs made to it, and the supply, although insufficient, is utilized to the greatest advantage. " I have had to hire doctors for the hospitals, purchase medicine for them, and supply them with beds and bedding and food; in fact, re-establi-sh and take entire charge of them. I have also established a strict system of house inspection and inspection of the streets and have a disinfecting department as well as a cleaning department. The city has been divided into five districts, in each of which is a relief station, where food is distributed and a physician in attendance who prescribes for those who present themselves sick and visits the sick in the houses. " The Police Department, all doctors, and the officials in each ward have received instructions to furnish these physicians a list of sick requiring atten- tion and also of the worthy poor in order that we may be somewhat protected m the distribution of medicines and rations. I am issumg at present about 15,000 rations per day. The physicians probably are prescribing for about H 426 WITH THE BESIEGED. if'' six hundred or seven hundred people, and on some days many mord. These physicians are native Cubans, educated in the United States and employed by our Government as contract surgeons. " The garbage and material which I collect in the streets I have dumped outside of town and burned. I have also had the lower and most unhealthy portion of the city ditched and drained and the ditches running into the harbor cleaned out, also the water-front system of sewerage, which was completely obstructed and in a frightful condition. It has long been the custom in this town to depend on heavy rains and the rushing floods through the streets to sweep away the accumulated filth of the dry season. " All this has been swept down to the water front, where it has been col- lecting for years, choking the drains and filling the shallow waters near the shore, so that when the tide goes out masses of decomposing material are exposed to the intense rays of the sun and furnish frightful causes of disease. Later this year, when the epidemic season shall have passed, it is my inten- tion, if I am granted funds and authority, to have the shallow places dredged out, so that at least a thin layer of water will cover them and prevent the present condition of affairs. " The police has been re-established and its uniforms changed to one similar to that worn by the Cubans, and they will soon be entirely rid of all suggestion of Spanish rule. He Becomes a Poo-Bah. " The lighthouse system in the harbor I have re-established and arranged pilots, harbor masters, etc. "As the Courts are not yet running, I have the delightful experience each day of acting as Police Judge and clearing the docket of all sorts of odd cases. Of course, the most serious cat.es, such as crime, are being held for trial, dther by Military Commission or by the Courts when they are established and in operation. "The receipts of the city from customs since we occupied it, I understand from Generals Shafter and Lawton, who have charge of this matter, have been about i^ioo.ooo. The expenses of the city per week, supporting the hospitals, cleansing the streets, doing the necessary engineering work, and the many little things th?.t are required to keep up the different departments of the city of 50,000, are at present $4500 to ^5000. Of this about $1600 is for sanitary work and engineering, the balance for hospital, police, etc. " I have been as economical as possible, but have felt that in this matter of sanitation expense should not be taken into consideration, as the lives of all Americans here might be said to depend upon a prompt and WITH THE BESIEGED. 43, waTZ\""""°" °' "'""^''*' --""T condition i„ „hieh the city " The great expert on yellow fever, Dr. Guiteras i' ;:onst::L:r.hr;etra*t^. -^^^^^^^^^^ --■■ -- feeling of the better class of r,.Ko„o . ^ V ^- ^^ ^^^^ the they fppreciate whatt U::;:d SrsTrt'^'ng .0^ The"G:7 1"' "" hope ul that everything will come out all right. No' one ca^ ,e I. " ""'' how 'ong it will take to establish a stable ^overnm.„t but L H • , '■ ',?'■ quite a period of time. government, but he thu.ks it will be The letter from which the above extract was taken was dated September 428 WITH THE BESIEGED. 9. On September 16 General Wood wrote another letter to Secretary Algei in which he says: "Since my last letter everything has been going on smoothly and the improvement is continued. People have all they want to eat, and I do not think there is hunger to any extent in Santiago. I have increased the number of doctors and the relief stations of food. Committees of prominent citizens in each ward voluntarily made house-to-house visits daily in addition to those made by our physicians and report in full all cases which command attention. They are authorized to give out diet also. I have located an old artesian well machine and am going to try for artesian water near the water front. We ought to find it in a basin surrounded by beautiful mountains. " You v/ould be delighted to see the old bronze cannon and mortars which we have taken here. Some of them go back to the Middle Ages and were evidently captured from the French. I hope they will be taken to Washington, where they will be tlie most interesting and ornamental in our parks," CHAPTER XXV. Exciting Experiences of Our Soldiers and Sailors. jHEN our volunteers went out to the war, they were furnished each soM-'T T "'' ^ ^^"P^'^" ^^*- A^ ^' -- to the young teer. ihere is probably not one hat out of the 50,000 or more issued at the SdX ''-'-'' ''''''^' -' '-'^ ^^-'-^ record Of thTwer:;: his hi^-^irr^::::::!:::;:^::- -'- -^^^^ -^- - .•n fu' 1- Z'^rf"^ '° "°*" '^^ "''"^^^ ^'"^■tless changes which can be made ove^thafwith a IT'^' ""T' '' ''' "^' ^^^^ '^^ --'^s Lng to dt m ! 1 ^'f ''^ ''"'''■ '^^y *=^"'^ "^^Id their hats to suit thdr fancy And what wh.ms d.d come to the volunteers during their idle hours' n camo on the transports and in the trenches ! P' Of course the regulars are too much creatures of prosaic habit to indulge an such capnces. The regular infantryman, no n,atter wharh "iment wears h.s hat in one particular style. He makes a careful creaseT the crown, dents in the sides a little and lets the brim remain s^fX tL ™nYT" '"/•'!. """'" °' '""' "'''■ •"™ *= back of the bri" up a„d ^ir«oH-n-f -•-•'- • r -^ ^ "*^ veteran s artistic efforts are m the n r ' ";;'^'"'"^^^"f ^— t '"ay be the thorn of a cactus, or the sting of a scor p.on, or a Mauser bullet whose sting was misdirected, or merely a hole whTch 423 430 THE SOLDIER AND SAILOR. ' .V may represent either the pathway of a bullet or the action of a knife in the hands of the owner, with intent to deceive. If the owner be a rough rider, the headpiece is likely to bear some legend : " R. R. R.," for instance, or "Roosevelt's Terrors," or perhaps merely " ist Reg. U. S. Vol. Cav.," extending half around the curve. One of " Teddy's Terrors " had two Mauser cartridges struck through loops made by cutting the side of his hat. The more battered the hat the more the soldier is apt to think of it, for a I battered hat ought to be prima facie evidence of hard campaigning. Many of the Seventy-first New York volunteers returned without the metal insignia which serves to indicate the regiment and company and which should be at- tached to the front of the brim. The deficiency they supplied by marking the necessary designation in ink. Underneath many of them added the sig- nificant words, " San Juan " and " El Caney." Slang in the Army. " How these boys have managed to pick "p such a ".onglomeration of slang terms in the few short months that they have been away passes my understanding," said an army officer one day. He had been listening to a couple of returned soldiers who were swapping stories of the war, and was much amused and apparently not a little perplexed by their language. "It is certainly not Spanish," he added, "but whatever it is, it is decidedly Dutch to me. During the war (the Civil War, I mean— we have to distinguish our wars now) the boys added a great many slang words to their vocabulary, but these young 'uns beat us out of sight. It is a sign of the times, I suppose, but if they had stayed in Cuba much longer they would have had to bring back an interpreter with them. I can't understand half they say as it is." As the officer walked off, the two privates looked at one another, winked, and commenced to laugh. " What was the ' boss '—I mean the captain— sayin' to you ?" asked one. of the reporters. " Said you were talking so much slang he couldn't understand you." " Guess he wasn't in the South, then, but we wc: s pitci.iug it rather fierce, eh, bunkie ? " to his companion. " Bunkie " didn't say aivythmg, only grinned. •' But, say," (Itontinued the other. " You'd a died to see bunkie here when he came down to Cuba, an' heard the men talk. Say, it was out o' sight. He's no sweet-tempered angel at the best of times, and he's been my bunkie (that's my tent-mate), an' so I know. He was one of the last recruits to reach the island. We call the recruits ' rookies ' now. At first THE SOLDIER AND SAILOR. they was ' new boys/ but now they're rookie, t, quartermaster sergeant, comes around n . ^'"'^ ^°''' *''^t'« th« sitting in front of the tent Here ron^ '^V"^^'"'"^^ '" '"^^-^ "^>' Junkie c^ome an' get his punk.' Vunk m;'^ ''' ^ '^'''''' ' ''" ^""^ ^""■^'^ '° know. Bunkie looks at him an' X" ^'■"^^''^^^'' ^">"'^'"g to eat. you 'That's all right, rookie/ "d t'.e .rubT' ^"' "'^^ '" ^'^^ S'-"' -?' That's him in the tent th^re. ^ °''' J"' ^^^ *^" yo"r bunkie. <"ru u -^"Rookie" Objects, inen bunki'» p-ot marl < \r ;just you mind whS you're' J::;^^^:- 't ''''' ''''''< ^^^'^ ^^' cause you got stripes on your arn. 1^ / '''" ' ^''" ^''°'^^ P'-'^l^ 'cause it don't go. see ? I afn't „o bi'.d i ''°", ''" "" °"' °' ^^ '-"^N W.S mad I I told him rookie wa onlv in f ' '''"' ^'^ ''-' G^''' ^e want any slang in his. But you ^ot fed oft 7 'T''' ''^ '' '''' ^^ ^'^"'^ The terms « rookie " and " bunkTe'' !n « 7 '?^' ^'^"'^y°». bunkie ? - quently by the soldiers, are aH expres L '" '°'' ^^°*^^' "^^^ ^° ^e- are quoted frequently by KipliX Pn '"7^"' '" '''^ English army, and Aga^'he says: "l" Juldjf '^ 'old n'CT.llt^" '^^' ^^ ''' ^->' rookies come under the barrick gate" '^'^^'&^^t when me an' the other asce^:. 'r^':;t:::tb:bi;irr '°"^^"'' ' - ^-p-^^^^ to some soldier who described a fS tt f"'"' '" '^'' ^'^'^^^ ^rain of Others "caught on" because of t i iS Vu'hf T"^""' J'^ ^°"^P^"'--^- the latter class, the expression " sho" ev. f "?'^^'"^^«- As an example of has been changed to " Mausered " Tf T '^^'"'"^ ^'^ intoxication, probably " macheted.' U he was kil Id '"'" '"'"^ ^"""^''^ otherwise he was diers will tell you he was ' dagoed " fnd T \ '"'''"'' ""'"^^"' ^'^ -J" caUing the Cubans " cubebs " is not h^rd tnfi , ^° "' '^'''' '^^^ ''^'^^ ^o'" of their butchery were "dagoed ''tIV'T'''''^^'^^ ^P^"''«h victims lynchedbytheAmerican soldiers 'thevJe.."? sharpshooters were not tion with only a shght difference RoL '"'"P'^'" ""^^'^ ^ ^ ^'-tinc- always were. ""• ^°P^^ ^^""^ "ot ' handy," and rifle stra^. HyJ'i::;sSr^r^j^^^^^^ -^eamarch^ he did a 't IS. A volunteer in the army build^nt ' , V! ''"^ ^""^ '""'" *° '^"°^ ^hy over looking for transportation'' "^ "' ''^' '^ ^^^ been " hyking aH* ;; What does hyking mean ? " he was asked. Fold is'of "" • -^"^^-^'^-^^ byke/' was his reply. .s, of course, grub, but bread and hardtack' Ire often known as THE SOLDIER AND SAILOR. " punk," while the won1 ratioiti has been abbreviated to " i its,' by itself is commonly known a:; " angel food." A soldier Wijo wai reason for this term simply laughed and replied, " Cat.'re it aiivc " Hardtack asked the nowadays, at lea^i. those who have been in Cuba \> '> don't. They only "pitch you a fierce one," or possibly "give you a pipe." If the soldier has doubts as io your veracity he m?y insinuate that 3011 ;\ro '' dreaming," or that your "pipe is oit." If he ./arced you ;o infer that he h.'iv! been locked up in tho guard-house by a member of ihe provosi ^jna d hi; would probab'y s.ty that iie had been "cooped in the booby hatch, by a bull." Should a solo»;-i' inform a civili^-i that his bunkie was " baked by a bull for jumpin' a gump" he v, icjld probably be misunderstood. His meaning would be that his tent j. .-: had been arrested by the provost guard for stealing a chicken, which h r,ot quite a-; bad as it sounds. Private soldiers are known as either Jack or Pete to their comrades. Any of them will answer to either name. Lieutenants are " luffs " to the men, while the captain is "his nibs," or "cap." Any colonel, '. ith the exception of him of the Rough Riders, is known by the appellation of " the boss." Colonel Roosevelt is called by every man in the army .simply "Teddy" —that is when they're speaking of, not to, him. In the same way General Wheeler, when he is not called " Fighting Joe," is affectionately termed "Joey." <\ppellations of endearment were also adapted and applied to most of the other active participants in the war, in some cases hitting off the character- istics of the recipients with startling appropriateness. The soldiers have picked up one word from the navy. They .<:ay they -' Hobsonized " the Spaniards at San Juan. Why Hobsonize ? Well, they say they filled them full of holes. These are only a few of the new words that have been added to the dictionary of " Military Parlance." Others that are in vogue are old words in new dresses, so changed that their originators m the Bowery would not recognize them. The Soldier's Pay. During the war the United States Government paid its fighting men in the field at the rate of over $90,500,000 a year. In 1897. 'v total pay roll of the army — then on the ordinary peace footing — was ot S.^SO.SS'- ^^ was no wonder, theref > that with such a sudder -.nd <. .mous increase in the size of the pay rol- • i volunteer troops found ' ^ visits of the pay- master to their camp did not always occur on scheci time. According to army regulations, the last of evc-y :';onth should be pay day. li) times of peace the regulars are paid promptiy, r;' ;.e confusion re- sulting from the war made the regulars' pay day as unce-* iin as that of the THE SOLDIER AND SAILOR. 4gg were paid off one day for the 1?? . "'" ''"* "°''^'^ ^''>"' Cuba with ,l,e rank of colon Ind wc„.J^? " l " t'"'"' '>''>""-'='■> e™eral .h= vo,.,.. a™„ .,>'3::^ ri T^\r •tiir':;'"'^;: • "'°: paymaster for every two recriments Th. i "'^ ^^ »" additional a -deputy ,3.000, o7an aSn'^soo a„d otth ' '''^"'""'" '' ^^^oo. of buant ^53,500 and of the paymaster general ^5,000. Payment by Checks Unsatisfactory by wl,ich the paymaster, send lit. • f T '^''"^ ''" '"'" ■•"'""'"^^d officers in the formo checTs ,t TT ^ "!= "^ '° «■" "'"-anding pHva.s and .ubordinl^t^^^tlt™:; otSl^ '" ""-' '° "■= paymastfrisfart eltL"™;.::'^ '""' P'^™"' ^^ '- As the government has deposIlfneTv^f ''"""'' r^'"""'' ''^'"^^ money for the use of fl,„ „, P""'""" '" every large city, the obtaining of ofpea'e is an ea ; Itr'TnTrX ' "T"' '"= "*"' P°^'^ '" «- the paymasters direct Soldiers tall J' " "'""^ """ ""=" *"= Pa'« hy ofindirectpayme„t„o^;^le:d:tf:;iir:Lrsi:r''^'="''="-^^ .-ed ;tM^mS:; ^f ;:tT:^:i= r:r -' '= «- -- rr.rerstni:? V" --- -■ whLtr rp-^^ another mon'th p^i he^no hlTr;' ""l"'^' =*"'*=^ ^'^ ''^''^ •» ;-.he.at.erp';sLo„t:n::ri^^ft-^^^^^^^^^^^ -L^mt^^iX^rsetrSet ^"- ^ "^ -^ i34 THE SOLDIER AND SAILOR. h' General Shafter's entire army of some 15,000 men was paid up to the last day of May before they sailed from Tampa, and all the troops at San Fran- cisco bound for the Philippines were given two months' pay, one month in advance. For this purpose about 51,500,000 was required. The same sum was sent to Manila before August 31, when the wages for July and August were due. This money was sent from San Francisco in coin in charge ol army pay officers. Stay-at-Home Regulars' Hard Lot. About the lonesomest places in this country at present are the army posts of the frontier from which have gone the soldiers who made the lift- there so pleasant. By every post is a town, and to these towns the absence of the regulars is like the taking away of the charter; it means a loss of trade and of people on the streets that gives the place the appearance of having a funeral. A few trades almost compensated for the absence of the large busi- ness done just previous to the call for the movement to the front. For in- stance, the photographers took pictures of the soldiers and of their families day and night that all might have remembrance. But when the trains pulled out there was sincere grief and longing that was not assuaged by the passing of the long weeks. And the lonesomest men in the nation are the dozen or so soldiers who have been detailed to watch the weedy parade ground and to 1-eep in cider the quarters of the troops who are at the front. One young West- Pointer, detailed for duty at one of the far Northwest forts when he expected to have a berth near Washington, had added to his disappointment the task of -stay- ing with the Indians and feeding them with beef while the other troops went to Cuba. In desperation he offered his services in any capacity to his home Governor, but there was such a pull for appointments that he was not con. sidered. It is on record that he wept some very salty tears as he read of the bravery of his comrades at the front, and had several periods of vigorous scolding of fate for the scurvy trick she played on him. He is but a type, for to every regular in the army and navy the war was the chance of a life- time for promotion and experience. To be deprived of these was indeed hard, and the boys who were guarding the posts felt it. Soniebody had to do it, however, and not always the highest honors come from service in the field. On the most prominent height of the beautiful Fort Riley reservation in central Kansas, and at what is called the geographical centre oC the United States, stands a monument to one of the bravest soldiers of th(^ nation's his- tory. He did not win his laurels on the battlefield — not his b<-ightest ones THE SOLDIER AND SAILOR. Major Ogden was one of the militarv.^ • • " ^^^ ficent i9.000-acre reservation HT^'Tth'"'"? T'^ ''''''''' ^^^ -g"'" day in the later 'sos the plague of cholra b^r '^'" '''""P^' ^"^ ^^cn one one of the men who dfd L Ive H "' ''"°"^' "^'^^ ^ . dying soldiers and listening to their I.T '^''^''^ "^""^ '*'"'"' '^^>' ""'■^'"t' 'he but he did not flinch, and when at last he fTtUe" k "" "^""^ ■^^">''"t^' gave up his hfe as willingly as he S h s Iv r^Tr^r' '"i f ^"^^^ '^^ on the crown of a prairie hill, and every visitor "^ ^""''^ ^''"^ '^'^'^ m so noble a cause. The men who L '^T''"'" ''^" '"^'^ ^''^ ^''"^d their comrades were camped at El Caner^n^"""'..'"? ?' ''"^^'•^^t'"" vvhile looked at the monument outlined aS h ^^ ''^^ '^''"'^^ "^ ^'^^'^^So. courage to meet their condition ^ ' '"'"'"^ ^'^>- ^'^^ ^ook a new Deserted Ports and Posts. Kansas and Nebraska, where once thTl w "''"^ "'^ watercourses of is nothing more to be feared than the hV.r"^"' "*'^">'' '^"^ ^'^-^ '"-e of the settlers. There are Fort Hays PotWl. ?'""" '"' *'^ '^'"'"''^^^ others that were once the scene of thl Tr""' ^^^ ''"'^"' ^"^ '-^ ^— t.er. The rough riders of those days were t'he "' ''"T''"'' °^ ^'^ '"-"- and Sheridan, and Forsythe. The In2n !, '"'" ""^^ ''''^' ''^''' Custer. The tribes came down from the ^orthern el ^ "'" '"^"*-'"* ^'^^ ^^vere killed a few and destroyed the housefan sTo^k"" "' '^""'^^^ ^'^^ ^"'-^ One of these raids he h„ p xx Wallace and Hays following^he r^^dfr Tp'^h^r 'T '" ^ ^^'"P^"^ ^-- soldiers were surrounded on a piece of ow. ^T^''""" ^^'^ -^^ re the days and nights held the enem^rba ' In 1"" . "'" ''^ '''"''' ^^ '-^o- out of the camp could go to the fort and h 7'' ^''^^P^'' ^^^ ^"^^^ked reminiscences that cluLr a^out these fo^^ "it"'"'"'" Such are the army recall them with affection But th^ ' ' '^' °'^''" ""'""^'^^ <>{ the and pending the action of clLss t^^^^^^^ " ^Z T "" '°'" ^^^ •'"'^^•"g^. away. Fort Hays has a long lie of ol ''. °°' ^^'^ ^'^"' ^'°^^>' •"opting to decay, a., the land itself fstngfe/foraT"' '''^' r ^^^'"^"^ ^^"^ Stran ,e as it mav seem fJ,« "f^^'^V^'^ » large cattle pasture. day a handsome caval'^yran'sat o^ltT "' ^'^ '" '^°"^'^^ '"^^'^ ^^t. One some companies came fn f^oTthe wlst "" ""^ ''' ''''' '' ^°^^ R''^^ - ings. g^fciS:::^ ^^ ^: -^ r-^ed. .. Here are .„e build- " Yes, i was there myse f," he sL '?"".;" ^'^°"^' ^°" '^"-•" X ", nesaid. I am t so sure they are happy." ♦M 436 THE SOLDIER AND SAILOR. >■ Mi lillr. "Don't you like it here?" " Oh. yes, tiptop— a soldier's duty is to stay where he is put— but some- how it isn't like the frontier. There it .. .1 boundlesslike. We had a better time in Arizona than here, where there is so much styk. We have to be more particular and careful, and don't have so much sunlight." He meant it. too. An observer of the conditions on the frontier remarked concerning the close of .1 e war : " Seme great celebrations will be held at the frontier forts when the boys returt; The people of all the surrounding country will flock to see the heroes of the recent victories and will want to shake hands with the fighters at San- tiago, The Sunday-school picnics to the forts have been postponed this summer for the first time since the settlement of the West. The school that gets the first date will reap a fortune. There are soldiers' and officers' wives waiting for the coming of the boy h from the front, too. They ha^e watched the death lists day after day, and some of them have found naiuco of loved ones. For these there will be no homecoming joys. So the pleasure will be not unmixed, and when the forts take on their old-time activity and the troops are at home there will be both tears and cheers. " Didn't ViT'ant Furloughs. Fifteen privates belonging to regiments of lie regular army, discharged from various hospital- in New York, r- ;orted to the Deputy Quartermaster- General in the Arm, builduig one iuorning and asked to be sent to their regiments. The men were referred to Major Ewald, Chief of Transportation. One of the men stated th° wants of all. "Where do you come from?"a.sk-d Major Lwald. The spokesman named the hospitals. "Were you in Cuba?" asked the Mnior. " We were, sir ; all of us." "See any fighting'" "Ye, sir. Each of us was mc " Don't you know that all : uidiers discharged fron hospitals now are entitled to thirty-day furloughs?" asked the Major. "We heard something ibout it, but we don't want any furloughs. We'd rather join our regiments, sir, if it's all the same. We've all been in Cuba, as I said. If things ain't much different down there now from what they were when we were there, we thought some troops would be needed there again pretty soon. If our regiments are ordered there again we want to go." " What makes you think troops will be needed in Cuba again ? " asked M^jor Ewald. " The war is over." THE SOLDIER AND SAILOR. als now are 437 We'd like ,; help sir." "^ '"*" """''""'y '""'''' ''"" '" »ho» 'i. once." ' '""' ""^ *'^'" '» your rcgimcnls al The men were on their way to Montuuk before sunset The Sixth United State, infentrv In Jr » ""'"" ''>■ "'"'y "'K'i"!"- •.i."e„t which par.ic,>at d n, tar w"htr "th""" '"'" '"' °" ' loss of officers was 36.O6, and that 07^1 1? " ™= ''"'="'^S'-- "' ">= .inches at Santiago they c^brated-^the ' ^'j'*-' ,"," "^ ""= '» ""= organi^tion Of th.^ r'e.i.n'^^^.'tir warc"r:at7 ^t TTr °^ '^= July 19, 1798. " " -^^^^ O' Congress, lie nas oeen m the United State.«: spnri/-« /«.. ^k; . ^ an> as served both in the armv ,„H ,1, """"^s service for thirty five years, on the old .ship Relief Hnih/iT^'l »"""!: the civil war he was declines .0 do s"^, sly „„ t"a t^en he" H , " "'""''" '" '''■'^' ""' "= on. At Santiago o„vv.st:was?h:^to:;r.retL?''^rd''''f'''; r- Trptr"X'"of izr thfriiif '-" ^^^^^^ Officers, aas;, and ;L°es;;7 "" '^""' ^""=^ »"'- '"''^''-y was: Heroic Colored Troops. parad^'eZf, *tL'Sdrhi:pt:t7 "'" "^^^^^'^^ ™ *= -"■•"'X or were accofded a more co if .■ ?' "T""""^" S""'" ''"^"'•on the famous Tenth U.rjs,a^^rT'" *'' '"° '•"''*'^'' "«"''■ ^"f privates, picked reprse'tS "?.;'*:• r"""' "' '"'"'yo- <"«-« and regiment, which foS o'oblv a Sa t '3","' °""" ''"""'"' '^°'"-'' .n July. ° y "' ^"' J'"'" H'". La Quasina and El Caney perhfp?:f„f t^e I'lt't ' t^IT"i .'^ ^^^^ ^' ^•."«- Carolina, who is twenty-seven years all . J-T ' ' °*^ ^" V Cavalry and who has seen .s./said..rh-:u:r..:t-Ahtr::^-^^^^^^^ 438 THE SOLDIER AND SAILOR. to return home, for neve, before in all my years of experience on the frontier did I witness such scenes as I did in Cuba, nor do I believe any member of the Tenth Calvary expects to see such. I was never in an engagement of such duration, when such havoc was wrought as was among the Rough Riders on those memorable days of July ist, 2d and 3d before Santiago. Words are inadequate; it was heartrending to sec our gallant captain killed and the Rough Riders being annihilated; it was no doubt this that made us fight the more. The Rough Riders had plenty of courage and discipline in their favor, but lacked experience like the regulars are used to. They did not use smoke- less powder either as we did and, in fact, all the regular troops. Now, since this is all over, I have no wish, as some of my comrades have expressed themselves, to return to Cuba." Cavalry Without Horses. Corporal Miller Reed, of the same regiment, said ; 'We were out in Montana when war was declared, but were hurried to Chickamauga. Then we had to pack up again and go to Tampa. All this time we had no horses, and I don't know why we were called cavalry. It was June 22d when the regiment first saw Cuba. " Before we landed the warships fired for nearly an hour, but none of us on the transports saw a Spaniard until two days later. While marching through a narrow defile on June 24th, with the Rough Riders and four troops of the First Cavalry, the Spaniards suddenly opened fire on us from a hill straight ahead. After we had fired at the smoke they made for a time a charge was made, the Rough Riders attacking their left flank and we their right. "After the fight the officers read us a telegram telling the loss and thanking the men. In this fight I saw the first Spaniards. They were pretty good fighters, but had to run that time. " For three days and nights following we had scraps with them each day. For my part I rather liked the Spaniards. They were always polite and kind to the boys in our regiment when we met after Santiago surren- dered, and one of our men who w=is taken prisoner said he had been treated like a gentleman. " Most of our men were sick all the time, but kept going just the same. We all took heaps of quinine, and I hope we will not have to go to Cuba again this winter; I was glad to get away. Wf ere not allowed in Santiago after its surrender until the day we left for Montauk Point." Full justice has hardly been done to that gallant command, the Twentieth Infantry. The oversight may be due to the fact that the corps commander, . .. 'H . ■■I'm THIO SOLDIER AND SAILOR. 43}, General Shafter. made no mention of this comn.a.ul in his official report of the ca.npa.gn This unfortunate mistake is referred to in a letter from Major- Gceral J. L. Hates to the commanding officer of the First Brigade Third D.v.s.on to wh.ch the Twentieth was attached while recuperating at Montauk and which letter is appended. ^oniauK, The Twentieth Regulars left their station at Fort Leavenworth just prior to the war and went on the transports for Cuba, at Mobile. June 4 ,808 After wa.t.ng at Ta.npa and "Stewing" in the transports for eighteci days* the reg.ment landed at Baiquiri, June 22d, and n.arched on the 23d to Sibonev For the next week it was engaged in making roads and guarding the supplies.' At 9 o clock p. M. on June 30th .t was ordered to march to El Caney together w.th the Third Infantry and a squadron of the Second United States' Cavalry formmg an independent brigade under General Bates. It marched all ni^ht arnving at El Caney at 2 p. m.. July ist, and at once went into the fighfing l.ne^ where the entire command was engaged until the end of the fipht Im- mediately thereafter the men were marched to the left of the position at San Juan marching from 5 p. m. until 2.30 the next mcrning. and were awakened at 4.30 A.M. by the hailstorm of bullets that opened the fight of Tulv 2d During seventy-two hours they had only five hours' sleep, marched ove; twenty miles and fought the greater part of two days. This regiment was one of the last to leave Cuba, as it formed part of the comniand guardingX Spanish prisoners. *• ^ "^ The General Praises His Men. " Headquarters 3d Div., 5th Army Corps. Camp WikofT, Long Island, N. Y., «T *u /- .. ^^ "September 9, 1898. To the Commanding Officer First Brigade. Third Divison, Camp WikofT Long Island, N, Y. "Sir: As the division is about to be broken up I dccirc t'> inform you that I take great pnde in the bravery and excellent conduct of the officers and men of the Third and Twentieth United States Infantry during the campaign against Santiago de Cuba. ^ ill 440 THE SOLDIER AND SAILOR. hardships in the trenches in front of Santiago with patience and fortitude, and it is with regret that I see such excellent troops pass from my command. (Signed) Arthur Henry, color sergeant of Company 15, Thirty-third Michigan Volunteers, wrote a letter dated Santiago, July loth, in which he said: " I was detailed yesterday to feed some of the poor Cubans. It is awful to see the poverty of the people. They are hungry and half naked. Some of the officers gave me money, and I bought stock and made barrels of soup and fed them all. Fr. Murphy gave me a lot of hardtack and Colonel Bogan gave me a box of beef, and altogether we filled those Cubans up in great shape. I went to mass this morning, and I am writing this letter where the altar stood. We build our church in five minutes ; not so nice as Boston churches, but we are not particular. " Here I am my own boss, when we are not in a fight. I keep in the shade all I can and go in bathing every day. We have got the Spaniards Vfhere we want them, and we will give them till to-morrow to surrender. If they don't we will blow them off the face of the earth. We want to leave one Spaniard alive to tell the queen how it was done. " In the last battle I was in, the shells and bullets fiew like a hailstorm around my head, but not one touched me. I am a great dodger. We had good luck in landing, and lost but two men by drowning, and have also lost some mules. It was lucky that there were not more, so great was the crowd of horses, mules and men. I had to walk ashore with the flag. You ought to have heard the Cubans cheer when I stuck the flag-pole in the ground. I have the same old flag yet, and I will carry it till Cuba is free." Jacky a Specialist. Jacky, who used to be more sailor than gunner, is now more gunner than sailor. Just in proportion as he has ceased to be a part of the great engine on which he lives, so he has come more and more into the control of ;',it, and as the cardinal purpose of a warship is to hit things with her projectiles, ^»Jacky has become a specialist in getting that work out of her. He does it in two places — at the guns and at the engines. Correctly pointed guns are of no use unless the platform on which they rest is put in proper relation to the thing to be hit and kept there. Accordingly, the " beach comber," or the " rock scorpion," or any other THE SOLDIER AND SAILOR. 441 variety of that ruck of marine refuse which drifts around the great maritime ports and ships in any craft where " grub " is plenty and work hght, no longer slings his hammock on Uncle Sam's berth deck, as he used to do, to the shame of the service, in years gone by. Nor can the tramp nor the jailbird, nor even the incorrigible black sheep of the family, thus be provided for, to the relief of constables and long-suffering relatives. No man or boy can now pass the United States naval recruiting officer unless he is clean, healthy honest, strong, and intelligent, nor can he afterward get that advancement' which is certainly open to him without fear or favor, unless he continues ta show aptitude and ability. Fighting From a Turret. Between the guns and the sides of the turrets are stationed the men wha tend the training motors, open and close the breech, and clean out the powder chambers. In rear of each gun is a powerful electric fan, intended to drive the smoke out of the turret through the bore of the gun, and a hydraulic rammer with which the half-ton projectile is forced up into the gun. At this rammer stands the gun-captain, who superintends the loading, and the first sponger, who sees to the preparation of the gun for receiving the charge. Between the platform on which these men stand and the face of the breech is a I'^ht trap-door, covering a shaft up which the ammunition lifts are hoisted from the handling-room below. On the girders between the guns are stationed the men operating the ammunition lifts, the water service, and the various signals and telephones. There is a disposition to chatter among the apprentices ; the suspense is great and inaction is hard to bear, especially -.s all of the light guns now seem to be engaged. " Train on the entrance to the harbor ! " The motors utter a groan, and the ponderous cylinder swings slowly round, wheezing and rumbling. The range indicator mounts quickly to 2,900 yards and stops ; the telephone rings and its attendant reports. " Fire at will." The telescopes are set with a turn of the wrist, while with the other hand the guns are elevated until the cross-wires sweep the horizon ; but the smoke from the light guns is thick, and nothing is distinct. Suddenly there is a rift, and in it appears the black hull of a ship— a sfranger, but aft she carries a grand ensign, marked with the blood and gold of Spain. From her sides and turrets there is a continuous play of lightning Hashes, but the din of nearer guns allows no sound from her to be distin- guished. One questions uncertainty for a instant : " Is she fighting ? Is she 442 THE SJi.DIER AND SAILOR. firing at us ? Is this a naval battle ? " And then comes the eager anxiety to do one's own part, and to do it well. The sixteen men about the guns are now silent and expectant. The turret turns slowly— slower — stops. The ship is rolling gently, while the enemy's hull between her smokestacks is sweeping on to meet the descend- ing cross-wires of the telescope; the officer, with all his soul in his eye, awaits the culmination, and at the instant presses the firing handle. There is a deafening roar, a blinding flash, the great gun recoils wildly into the turret, and then slides smoothly out again. The air is filled with smoke; two men are already turning like mad at the plug-crank, and, as the half- ton block swings aside, a third directs a stream of water into the chamber. A turn is given the elevator-valve, and the breech swings up high, allowing the water to run down the bore and out of the muzzle. The gun-captain takes charge, and the officer turns to the other gun. He glances at the range-indicator — 2600— yards— ^ets the sight, and a moment later the smoke lifts again. Two Spanish ships are now out, and a third is in the entrance ; the first one seems on fire. Was it from his shot ? Who can tell ? For a dozen heavy guns are firing at her. A second later and the trainer swings the nearest ship into his field, and he fires again. Another pair of men swing open the breech, and the hose is pointed down the bore. Loading the Big Guns. In the meantime, the first gun has been lowered into its loading position, the ammunition car has been hoisted in rear of it, and the rammer has lorced home the shell. Twice more it enters the breech, each time pressing before it two hundred and seventy-five pounds of powder. With its last withdrawal, the empty ammunition car drops out of sight, the breech plug is swung into place, the gun-captain steps forward, slips in the primer, and connects the plugs of the firing wires. " Ready, left ! " he reports. And so it goes, first one gun and then the other. It is hard and hot work. The firing is so fast and continuous that the fans cannot keep the turret clear of smoke. The men cough and gag ; down in the handling-room they are fainting. The smoke has deposited a gray scurf on skin and clothes ; its alkali has attacked the paintwork and turned it to a slimy soap ; the black, drippings from the gun-washing have fallen in foul splotches down the turret walls, and lie in puddles on the floors. John Meek, of Fremont, Ohio—father of Georg? B, :A''^~, who was killed on the torpedo boat Winslow, at Cardenas, May I ith— on August aptl^ >lr «rlir» TiraS THE SOLDIER AND SAILOR. 443 received a letter and a check for one hundred dollars. The letter went to show that young Meek was the first American-born sailor killed in the Cuban war. The first otficer killed was Ensign Bagley. The letter received by Mr. Meek read as follows : ' '' Dear Sir : Some months ago a Cuban gentleman, who signs himself Cambresis. from the city of Mexico, sent General Thomas Estrada Palma of New\ork, an order for one hundred dollars, to be given to the wife children or parents of the first American-born sailor who should die in the war to free Cuba. I have just now been informed that your son, George B Meek fire- T^\ "i I u^'^'fr' r ^"^''^ '^' '"""P^^^ ^°^^ ^Vinslow, was the first'hero to shed h,s blood for the independence of our unfortunate and down-trodden people. I beg to enclose to you the check entrusted to my care, being a proof o the graftude of the Cubans for their friends and allies, the Americans. Please acknowledge the receipt of the same in duplicate " Yours, very respectfuly, Gonzalo De Quesada, „ , ^ , " Charge d'Afifairsofthe Republic of Cuba." Meek was offered much more than its face value by parties who wanteC the check as a souvenir of the war. wamer Long Time Getting the News. An American ship, the Luzon, left the Hawaiian Islands before the war started, and after bemg at sea 143 days reached New York, afte. ^ pe.ce protocol had been signed. The captain, J. G. Park, breathed a si ' relief when he entered New York harbor, for it was not until then thatVe learned the war was over. anii.u •; When we reached the South Atlantic," he said, " I began to look for Spamards m earnest. All this time I was m doubt as to whether any wa ex,sted, but I took no chances. Every morning a „,an was sent to the mrst- head to scan the ocean for signs of Spaniards. But off Platte we ran into one of those Pamperos,- as they call the sudden storms, and for twenty fou hours we lay hove-to under reefed lower topsails. '' It was not until August 4th that I heard of the war. Then we spoke the German bark Thalia, which signalled. 'War between the United States and Spa,n. It gave us a sort of shock to learn tha. what we expected was really so, but when I looked at the matter it was clear there was but one thing to do— keep on for New York. ^ "We caught the northeast trades in latitude 12 degres north and we n. V. en Douglas, the f^rst mate, came to me and announced solemnly that a Spanish pnvateer was atkr us at last. There, to the northwest, sure enough ill i- 444 THE SOLDIER AND SAILOR. was a big black-hulled steamer, with two funnels, cutting through the water at fourteen knots, and apparently heading directly for us. As she came nearer I saw that her decks were fairly black with men. I was prepared to surrender, for the Luzon wasn't making more than six knots, when the stranger veered more to the eastward and crossed ourbov/s half a mile ahead. She was probably a transport, taking home the defeated troops ; but she didn't show any flag, and neither did we." Once when Captain Sigsbee, the commander of the ill-fated Maine, was in charge of the American coast-survey steamer Blake, he saved his vessel from destruction by deliberately sinking her. It was in one of the '^est Indian ports, and a hurricane was blowing. Slowly but surely she was drifting on a reef, and Captain Sigsbee knew that unless heroic measures were adopted the Blake would be ground to pieces. He knew also that if her keel rested on the sandy bottom the action of the waves would be much less severe, so he resolved to sink the ship. Navaf men still speak of it as a daring thing, but Captain Sigsbee did not hesitate. He opened the ship's bottom, the water poured in and she quickly settled. After the storm had subsided divers were sent down, the water pumped out and the ship raised. Wanted to Fight. A member of the Illinois Naval Militia passed an examination success- fully, and was appointed Assistant Paymaster in the volunteer service, a rank which, in the regular service, pays about $1700 a year. The next day the Illinois man wdked up to the commander of the ship to which he had been assigned and said : " Say, what do I do ? " The commander, overlooking the informality of his address, said: " Why, you make out pay the rolls and pay off the men." "Well, don't I fight?" " Oh, no, you don't fight." " Well, to thunder with this job," said the Illinois man, " I want to fight." He was thereupon made a petty officer at about $30 per month with a chance of unlimited fighting, and he accepted the change joyfully. The great naval parade at New York on Saturday, August 20, was a notable event. Seven grim, black ships, the fighting backbone of the nation's tried navy, passed in review before the eyes of the nation's chief city, steamed up the North River to Grant's Tomb, and there fired a salute to the nation's mighty dead. The event was a triumph and a tribute — a triumph for the heroes of to-day, a tribute to the hero of yesterday. New York has st<-n naval parades before ; it had never before seen a sfore seen a THE SOLDIER AND SAILOR. 445 naval parade that mean' what this pageant meant. It had never welcomed a victonous fleet, fresh from battle and with the marks of conflict still upon it F.ve years ago all the powers of the world had sent their ships there in celebration of our Columbian anniversary. There were Spanish ships there hen. One o hem hes shattered and riddled, a wreck on the Santiago coast. It was a beautiful celebration, that parade of 1893. but the graceful white ships that formed a shmmg Ime down the river could not stir American hearts as they were stirred on that August Saturday. No one vvho looked at them could say that those ships in their war paint were things of beauty. It was to a deeper sentiment than tl . a,..thetic'that hey appealed. Each one of them stood for energy and skill and knowledge nghdy directed, or duty cheerfully done, for death nobly faced, for the uphold- ng of the nation s honor and the flag's glory. The men behind the guns were there, too The eager thousands on shore could not see them, but the saluting guns spoke for t/iem. oaiunu^ Cheering Multitude on Shore. hu.t^ n'^ "^^"""i 'i '■^^'■^^-New York. Iowa. Indiana. Brooklyn. Massa- chusetts. Oregon and Texas-they were cheered from the shores and tke boats by more people than Spain has left alive in Cuba. Not only did New York turn out. but for miles around people converged upon the city to gather on he shores of the North River, and that not for an event which 'had been determined upon long before and prepared for by excursions and special Zrdl,"rfV "' ^"' ^'^ ^^P^"'^^"* "P°" ---^^her which might It ., f^ ^u f^''''"^ ^'''- N°' '^'' ^'''' ^•g"'fi<=-«t feature of The c7mZlT tT" ^'^ "'' '" '""^' '^^" ^° P'-°"'P^'>^ begun and completed. The navy was on time. What New York could do to honor the ships it did. Not only did it turn out Its m.d.ons. but it floated Old Glory on a hundred thousand buildings ; it decked Its shipping m gala colors and it answered the ships' salutes from the ITnln 1- °"'" Tr' '■" ^'''' ""^ '" '^' "P^"- "^here was not much time for preparation .ad there was not a great splendor of formality, but the day recorTsV "'.''"' ^'" "°* ''''''' ^° ^^"^ ^^ ^^--*'- '-^^ down its records to succcediag generation. river^firT/th ''"^'; ^'''"'^^^- There were seven ships that sailed up the nver. fired the.r salutes and sailed back to their anchorage. That wa all nfn K v'ft """"" '^''^ ^'■°'" ^"""^ ^'^'^* ^^^^ '"^d^ A'"^^'--" history, and the men behind those guns and the ships that carried them hav. ^ov new H '--- •or our country. .- - . ^» ^i...^. I ill il CHAPTER XXVI. Hospital Work in Camp and at the Battle of Santiago. HE report of Lieutenant Guy C. M. Godfrey, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., made to Surgeon General Sternberg on July 28th, is re- plete with interest, for it deals with the field hospital work before Santiago. The report follows : " Sir — As commanding officer of the hospital corps company of thr First Division, Fifth Army Corps, I have the honor to submit the following report : "This company was organized at Tampa, Florida, on June 5th, 1898, Just two days previous to the departure of the troops of the First Division for the transports at Fort Tampa, Florida. On the day oi organization the strength of the company was eighteen privates. No non-commissioned officers were assigned to it until June 7th, 1898, when Acting Hospital Ste.'- i>rd McGuire reported for duty. He was at once detailed as First Sergeant of the company, which place he has held up to the present date. A cook and an assistant cook, orderlies for the medical officers and a clerk were at once letailed. " When the order came to move the men of the company performed the work necessary thereto, and the enthusiasm and esprit de corps with which they labored added greatly to the celerity and facility with which the task was accomplished. The personnel and supplies of the division hospital, as well as the hospital company, were placed on board the transport Santiago, and arrived off" the coast of Cuba, near Santiago, on June 20th, 1898. " The day before landing all the material was brought up from the hold by the men of the company and stored on the main deck of the ship near the forward starboard port. This was done by direction of Major M. W. Wood, chief surgeon of this division, and proved a wise and efficient measure. "We landed on June 25th at Siboney, Cuba, and pitched camp on the beach. On this day thirteen of the privates of the hospital corps of the Seventy-first New York Volunteers joined the company. Daring the night of June 25th, Acting Hospital Steward McGuire and five of the men worked all night unloading the material for the hospital and storing it upon the beach under canvas. "On June i6th the men were given a short drill to perfect organization. Hurried preparations were made tor a forward movement, and, as absolutely 446 HOSPITAL WORK AT SANTIAGO. 447 no transportation could be obtained from fl,« r^ . these preparations consisted pr 0^% „ ollllrT ^ °'P"'""="'' ■ngs and drugs as ,,. „.en col car'ry o„ Their ^0"^;^^'^"'' '"^•'" pan. r::.r c "of'^i ^rirart'r'-V" '"'-p'--n,. Seville. Owing to the possibilkv of.!^ 'r^^'"^ "'" "''^' ™'v with them. ^ '"'"='"='<''• y=t muddy road, carrying the hospital suppli« "They pitched their shelter tent.i r,™ ft,. i ■ officers, who had no shelter slert in ,1 "'^.'"'akmg ground, while the poisoning. On June 4h A T ^"" '"' "'''°""' '° ''ampness and further to a beautir, s^^t w h .heXr^do^r ' ""'''"' ' ""^"^^ "' ^ "'"^ oney road on the other Here on .to To.h Tl h" °" °"' "'''=• ""'' *' ^ib- l.*ed, and here it remained "i thrt ,,' 1 " t"°" "'"''"'" "» -»"- On this day six waeon load, J .7 "'= ""''"''S^ that followed. S.bo„ey. an'd ten. Is ^tre p^chcd"' an'd T M™"^"' "" "°'" *^ "-='■ ••" battle. On the 30th of JunrS wo k of'S /^^^^^^^^^^^^ contmued, and more of our supplies were br^htfrl Sibo'™'"" """"' Hospital Corps Inadequate towa:;^^^:?;::^-^^:::;;:;::-^ .n that direction. O^i^;;' tie ve- 1 H " "".'"'^"^'^ ^^ "^^ ^* ^^ ^^^^ present with the division Idl ,7 ""'l ""T^^"- ^^ ^-^P'^^' -o-'Ps -en army was li„.ited to th"; w" .^ ""k,'" °' ^-^^^-^^es for the entire total nun^ber of wound d fronT I coh"'. '° '"^"^ ^'^^"^ *° -"->' ^^c Hospital. '^^ collecting stations to the First Division i.ave tlrrr rfI"^^^^V^^.^-^'•- ^o- of the hospital corps wo..,d McGuire. tw;;Ltter ■sq;;ad; '^^''j^f""' "oon. Acting Hospital Steward quads and an ambulance went forward up the San Juan \H ■■■' 9 m I ! HOSPITAL WORK AT SANTIAGO. 448 road As the Spanish shrapnel were bursting around the battery on El Paso hill near the road, it was not deemed prudent to take the ambulance beyond dlat pdnt Therefore it remained, while the two litter squads pushed for- ward up the San Juan road. " One wounded man was found, who was not able to walk, about 400 v-irds before reaching the furthest crossing of the Aquadores nver. He was "^1 once dressed and conveyed to the rear by a litter squad. The other httcr dX steward advanced 'about 4- yards further ^o the -. b.,k of t e ^ Aauadores and there found a wounded man who could not walk. At th.s ^Je leSixth and Sixteenth Infantry were immediately .n front, and were kine th ir advance towards San Juan hill. It can. therefore, be seen tha TeW^ litter squad in the rear was under the hottest kmd of fire, an the buli:^s were cuUing the leaves all around, but not one of these n>en fal- tered, or showed the least sign of fear. Wounded Ooming trom the Front. " At this time the wounded were coming back in a constant stream, and such afneeded stimulation or dressing were at once attended to by the road- ide Many of them returned alone, others walked, supported by the arm o some clrade. while the more seriously wounded were borne upon htters of '"""A Lw'^f those who returned had not received medical attention, but the majority of them were dressed with first aid packages by the regm^ental sure-eons and their hospital corps men. r .u 1 'Tt about I p.m!^ Major Valery Havard. chief surgeon of the cavalry division established an ambulance station on the east bank of the Aquadores, tr El' Paso. At this station many dressings were readjusted, and a few patients were dressed for the first time. Stimulants, medicmes and dress.ngs coriStutld the stock at this station, which was about a mde m advance of the first division hospital. , "No point further to the front was safe from the enemy's fire^ The an. bulances were worked constantly, and. considering the.r number, did re- markably well. Late in the afternoon ambulances were taken forward to near Te furthest crossing of the Aquadores, but it was rather dangerous at all thLs as the enemy kept the San Juan road enfiladed all day long It was lo ;ery dangero Js on account of Spanish guerrillas, who were loca e ,n tiels ove'^loollng the road. Several men, carrying wounded, were shot, and, indeed, in a few cases t^^e Patien^^^^:'-:::-:::: ^^^^^ , the furthest •' T ater in the aiternouu a arcisir-t, , , . , ^i. point ^Ire the San Juan road crossed the Aquadores. At .h.s place there H.JoPITAL WORK AT SANTIAGO. 449 was a vertical bank, about 4 feet high, beneath which was a gravel beach Here a certam amount of shelter was obtained, but bullets ffeoullv cut through the bushes or splashed up the water in the creek "^'^"""*'y ^"* J ^t °"^^ t'n.e it was enfiladed by Spanish sharpshooters in trees ud the creek. Several horses were killed here, hut no patients, surgeons orMnd Zons h •• "'"'; "" ''"'^'- '^"'^ ■■" ^he afternoon severaf Tscor wagon^,havu,g earned ammunition to the front, were turned to the wr te by L,eutenant J D. M.lcy. General Shafter's aide-de-camp. These were ttrsi^:;::;:; -' ^"^^-^^^ ^^^ — -- werrtra„s;^^er:: morn.ng an ambulance and two wagons were taken t'o the dre s.W ta'on just descnbed. and the wounded brought in-among them being S .^ „ a A. Danforth. who was shot through the head. Major S. Q. Robinson hfd assumed command of this station on the previous afternoon but a this timf he. w,th Captain W. D. McCaw. rejoined their regiments, and left t^^^^^^^^^^^^^ m charge of Captain Paul Newgarden. °" Work Performed by Hospital Corps. atfhl'^^'-T^' ".'""■'^ '"■""''^ '"'"''' '"^ established an ambulance station t e b at!;"? ' :.'"' "" *'"" comparatively safe. It was customary du „g the battle for the wnter to send litters and dressings to the front in the eZ5 ambulances. During and after the battle the men of the hoso^a rorn ^ ^ panydid much of the work in the first division hospital X^^^^^ operations, helped in applying dressings, made soup and coffee car d" ^ents to and from the operating tables, and a.ted aLursest^L wounded' and most of the next night. They were assisted by members of the L.Z of.g.mentsandby some of the hospital co^s mL of^T vtlous tgt Many of the soldiers wounded or taken ill at Santiago were removed to ThetmenTad' '''T'' ^^^^ ^° Philadelphia hospitals for t^eZent they a^the cir ""' "u ?."''' ^^"'"^^ ^^"^P ^''-^ hospital, but tney sa.d the camp was not healthy, and they blamed it all on that Thev Z^::\^:::!::;^T.,±-!:j-:-y^ ^-^- ^--^ - troubles i„ that he Jlll K« ' ' n J ; /'^^""^^ 'S. In fact, a regular soldier is so sure that he^w.11 be well cared for that h. would never be able to recognize trouble 1 i t 460 HOSPITAL WORK AT SANTIAGO. unless it was of the worst kind. To him the words "regular army" seen» like a spell that makes trouble in^possible. " Was there any trouble about short rations at Camp W'.koff? a reporte» asked. " Not with us." « Always got your meals on time ? " . i,* ^^ " Sure We are the regular army, and they've got to feed us r.ght o» the minute." The idea of a hitch s med an impossibility. " It is a bad camp, though," they said, but vithout any more re-' men than if they had said : " It was very rainy. You lie in your tent a I n^h/ and listen to the frogs, and the doctors pour quinine .nto you .M day long. Commissary Supplies Sold. "The worst commissary and hospital troubles were down there around Santiago " one of the soldiers said. "There were plenty of things sent down fher for'us Re-^ ' . ss stuff and that kind of things, but we never got them Thev w re stopped by commissary officers and sold to us. This > all hard IS ^ ^L J are all intelligent men, and understand things we see ^a comi;...y depot, and although we can't give --^^ ^^^ - don't know them, we are sure enough about it. for all that^ The Red Cros stuff and delicacis were marked care of the Commissary Department, and was e^sy enough for a crooked commissary man to open them up and sell Them More than one commissary officer has been sent back to Baiquin or on to Santiago under arrest. Of course, it was all done without any noise ^d nobody kn'ew anything about it except the soldiers who saw the arrest and the officers directly concerned. Maybe the papers are lying about some- where in Santiago and will be dug up by and by. If you had seen your best «tds sicktSonging for stuff that had been sent to them, but never dehv- ered vou'd like to see an axe fall on somebody. ThW cavalry n,.n said .hat they saw a ^f"^'^^\^%^'l2Zmi "xh of beine strung up by his thumbs in a hospital near the San Juan H,ll. The sur!ec„ was going over his sick list perfunctorily, treating the patients as ,1 h V werla I?t of hospital beats," " You get gruel, and you get broth, and you ^et porddge, and' the rest of you fellows go and hustle for your own '"TSi Cavalry captain came into the hospital one day when .hU Md been continued -^ 'j™- -'' ^^rfotrt'Sre^a rJ^hlavalfyTn ™ him by the arm and dragged h,m o a tent wh_^ ^^^^^ ^ ^._^^,^ ^^__^ 'S:;er^;::^:^J.^':ti:^t^'Srnis.oi„gt;have-properatt.^^^^^ HOSPITAL WORK A I SANTIAGO. . 45J and treatment at once, or I il know why, and you, sir will have to «. ae Sa,/jua„'aw hunTve/ a/ail; -'-»-' Santiago, and thehos'^ul ■ ■"' days. The,r mc, can," bellin^'m ^ "" ""'/ °'" '''y'" ""■"" foi- in -he volunteer. »«J„"r„« ,'!" h T.''f i "' T' '""' "-""-aries th. stuff ou, of a con ,„i.,X7dep«" ' ' ""■""" "'"'>' '"««■• '° E« ...e. . r:ir- :t^t^t ,f :r,; '1^ "r "^-^^-^ -^ ^" -- •>"' They agreed that if anybody hid enl :) ? >■""■■" ^''''='^'"'» '''"''ery. K-nerally, he would be lucWe , if It ^ ^=<='tement and to ,,ee the war They said the s;vc,t;^^r N w Yo k^' T"' "^''''"'^ "''""y- fe ".=n, but throu,.,, ,„e fL . „f f^m^'^, T ,"°' "'™''«'' ™""*« "' and througl, then, a, Ihey w" e , °7„„ ? ,'''=S'''a"=gn"ents walked past Ion,, dash under fire. Tl evTaa iT* I 7/' '^' '""^ °' » '"«• ^'ft" a a. ...a. ■.C,.,eo„. ^yJ^^-^^^t^;^::!:'^ """ ''^^ "" " Bnl ti.ev had no officers so what J. mT, . T "" >'°" "wards." was telling th. story. " A com„°,rJ'f„„ ."">', ''° ' »•■''=' ""•• "'an who .hey were s„„y the' that th ;7adTtucro'„rso T°V <"'="'• ' ^-- and hadn't asked for regular array „e„ ^^ '"' """^ °" <>'«'='=". ..iment=::erel,:lVd^tt"r' tu"r ?;.fT ''^^-"'' -""*- orany company in one bunch^. ^^^^J^^J^^^^r A Woman's View hospital ^^::f^r^j:^^:::z:^ ""^-^-^ ^^^ ^^^-^^ '- ^^^ are sweet and clean, and the oldiers them , "T"'' '^'^^ ''"'' ^"^ ^°t« «ome of them asked for was fin^r Li^ fiT '? ''"'^'''''' ^°- "^^^ ^^^ th'"^ in going through the hospitals- h'e" fT "! "" *'^ '^^^^ ^'^■■"^" ' "°*'-d camp peregrinations of the n t we k'fi '"".''f" ^'^ «"^-— 'i^- I" my ^^f -'tier's care of ^:^ ^^Z:^ ::i ^^^ ^^^r'"' ^ P'lJ'Unas, underclothino- anrl d.-r.,.-. , ''"''^ °" t^e list, and into the hospital fro^-iCtraX^r" '"'^ '""'™ " "•=>■ "^ "'-^ht IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) // ^ .f.\ 1.0 I.I ^1^ Hi lU 11:25 i 1.4 MM 1.6 — «" •1 ^> ^ v <$^ "S ''5 L IjuiL^icuJlikj Sciences Corporation 23 WeST MAIN STRUT WIBSTER.N.Y. MSSO (716)872-4903 i. i 452 HOSPITAL WORK AT SANTIAGO. \U I 'I •i:,', m " The pajamas are the only suits the wounded have at present Their uniforms were cut from them and burned, having, in some cases, never been off since they sailed from Tampa, June 13. It took several baths to get the accumulations of Cuban soil from their bodies, but the ' first aid' dressing and only dressing the wounds had had was remarkably successful. " One young soldier, a member of the Seventy-first Now York, is hob- bling around in ward ' 23* with five bullet wounds in his leg and three in his chest. He is the life of the tent. His name is Murphy. There is a broad smile on Murphy's face all the time. There all are happy. They say they know now what heaven is. They were all gaunt and starved when they arrived. Their faces are filling out, and they are gradually getting over the terrible hunger. " Their eyes follow the nurses around wistfully, gratefully, and they are all patient and uncomplaining. There are only nme women nurses, but they are assisted most effectually by medical students from Harvard and from the University of Pennsylvania. "The pajamas and many things — underclothing, slippers, sheets, and pillow cases, towels, soaps, and other necessities — are sent by different relief societies. The dear women of the country! While they do not forget neces- sities, neither do they omit sentiment. Some of the sheets have stitched texts from the Scriptures. Some of the nurses tuck these in at the foot of the cot, out of sight of the sick soldier, so that they will not bother him. Other nurses bring the text up to the head of the cot and dutifully call attention to it. Some of the po'^kets of th* pajamas have pious letters tucked in ; others have sentimental letters, and again there will be just the name and address of the romantic sender. " These tender missives fall to the lot of the colored soldier as well as to the white, and help to interest or amuse one as well as the other. There is not much romance in real war. Romance comes only in the novel and in the play after war is over." A Olergyman's Observations. Rev. Dr. Henry C. McCook, an eminent Philadelphia clergyman and member of the National Relief Commission, was sent by President McKinley to investigate the complaints as to the condition of the soldiers at Santiago. In a letter that he wrote home, he gives a vivid picture of what he saw there He wrote : "Santiago de Cuba, Aug. 25, 1898. "'Is it grip?' No, senor,' said the Cuban doctor, shrugging his shoulders. Then HOSPITAL WORK AT SANTIAGO. ^poke. By whatever name do., n ""l""' ">""■""=': f™"' which he adop, ,he major' d7a "Twth V : " l!' """"'■'"'' ""«= " "■^■>' «= "P' '-> be impolite .o put iXr I, A-ToTf rT"" "''''"'''• "^ich it would •■Item AhllTu .^'""'"^''s.'ake this invoice: a pi.lolT„7ht btctt;: .r mfidt'Tnt ''^^""" "t' "" "^^ '""^^ f^ .evarapSvecZ; :°ra\Td\ntt''r ' f ^°" "---^ "-"■•'"' is not „ow vending a fairv storv I, J.l, u ' '^''"' ""J''"""'-' And he was ..i„d Jr ^^^.^ler^it^; :', s„7it^^' ' ""- ^"' -^""•- Ailments in Camp. But he speaks from h s t e^X^e fih '"'""'" '"= '''"'"'' «=-'« "ot subject to sea sickness ^'"""'"'- '"' ""= P'=-=" nauseated victim is Did :^X^!^; CTf ,fo";v ; =';7--*""^ cha. burnmg up. My How'can^Tt^r'i^rtirf ,v "'"' "='■' """8^ ■" ""'^ »'* world.' Calentura, hey "Nrwond sZl " "T ""'«'''=='-« -«>'" *-^ days had to be'returned home t rec ;tl.7"td°"' """ 7""'" ^'^'^ ". '"" Assyrian army that cam, hI? / ''°'' '"" '''>'''" ">= story of the «d, and his echo . rre °reamT;",r'"' t""^''"''' ' '*= ^ -»'' °" "> hi one night > ^ '"« "'* ^"'1''= ""<' foM,' but »as blighted -wllS;-^^^^^^^^^^^ •i'ccies. At all events it is niP;.n .n i ' ^ ^"P' "" "°''nbie Cuban ---e. Kromc.:rrr;i;x=::;^ars:^^^^ ; I 454 HOSPITAL WORK AT SANTIAGO. " The most prominent objects in Santiago as one looks at the city fn>m the harbor are the cathedral and the military and civil hospitals. " The former is a structure of the latter part of last century, built upon the ruins of an older sanctuary, overthrown by an earthquake. " It sits almost in the midst of tne hill upon which the town is buMt, and is raised upon a platform of brick work. The high blank wall of the platform faces the little sqii;ire called the Plaza, on the opposite side of which is the long, low building known as the municipal palace, which will be historic in American records as the headquarters cf General Shaftcr and the scene of the formal transfer of power from Spain to the United States. Toward the east the cathedral platform slopes down in a stepped terrace of brick to tho street. " The other sides of the Plazi are occupied by the San Carlos or Cuban Club on the west, and the Spanish Club and Venus Restaurant on ihe east. The high porch of the Cuban Cliib is a tempting refuge from the sun, and its easy chairs invite to an hour's lo'.nge. Stepping within, one finds its cool, large hall with its white marble floor, its library and music room, all ho.spita- bly open to American visitors. Here in the evening especially citizens and soldiers sit and sip coffee and smoke and discuss politics, and chat away the lonely hours of absence from home and loved ones. Songs of Hoy id Country. " In the music room more than once I have found a soldier or. the piano stool playing and singing the ^ongs of the dear home land. At such times men gather about the musician and join in the chorus. The writer pleads guilty of having helped ' the boys ' make the Cuban air vibrate with familiar American melodies. The.se extemporized concerts are sure to wir.d up with ' Star Spangled Banner,' v/hich no one applauds more heartily than the native Cubans. " The plaza itself often reflects the picture.^que and varied life of this almost oriental town. The benches along the walks, backed by tawdry plants and shaded by the trees on the corners, are occupied by a parti-colored thronj^. In one corner is a squad of the provo.st guard. They have muskets and cart- ridge belts, and are therefore soldiers. Otherwise, their ugly, soiled campaign hats, blue shirts, withou*- coats and with ' galluses,' have a .scant soldierly aspect. They have rounded up a mi.scellaneous lot, chiefly military offenders who await a hearing before General Wood. " Yonder sits a group of soldiers in kharki uniforms, whose buff is sadly soiled and whose blue facings are ' fading, still fading.' Buff and blue are good historic Continental colors, but when veneered by adhesive Cuban (or Ameri- HOSPITAL WORK AT SANTIAGO. add.ng a so,, of di,„i,y ,„ .he sc/„e. Qv ijsl ^" "'"';'''';*: '" '''■"^'^•■■•""" uniforms, with machele at belts, who arc Jo lil :' ' '''''"■'' "' '''""''i they wait ,0 report. Spanish offieerrc o.Lh" ""' '"'"""« """^• Spanish Club or the restaurant. '' ™ "" ""•■'•■ "y '» «l«= " At the door of the latter is a bunch of ,a,l,)l. l, -rying the camp .ne„u by a bite and l^p o .V , l^T"' 1°" T"^^"^ ^'^ conclave marks the entrance to the palace J.lll T^\ '""'''"■ ^^"'■"^' every one is a boy. These futu Cut n. u ''''^' '''' °'^ "'^' •'^'■»''^'l-" of ^-literally so. for'lt is the iTJrIZ f ^h^ 'T ' ""^''^ "" ' -I^-">' the lad holds. * ^^""^ " ^""'^ the objective point to which "As a horseman's form looms in view acros, M,. . corner, he is met by a bevy of these luis oT lu f' ''' °'' "'■°""^' t''^" ebony to olive. They come up at ful 'nl 1 f T" '"^' "^"''^ "^^''^^'^ f--^'" s .:dentlv clamoring, and they fol^w L J n ' '^"^^"^"^' ^'"-^ %'nff. voices pendants to his tail^' The clwe^l ^ 't^.Z:::'TT:'' '' ''' upon him ! vvnoop nurrah ! The Philistines be iatch;;™L;t.iv'e!„''3i„rh j't--, "■= "°-''--''. "•^- «-"- .o hole, Senofs cabailo. ' W ^^^ wlirif v^f ^^^ '"^-'^ -''^ surrenders. P '" ^^'"' "e dismounts. He " His steed is committed to the cam nf r, u ^^- ^ . is Muchacho-the boy! Mi/htv is th7 A "^ ^"''^" ^'"t'^^'"- Great lads are learning. ^ ^ ^ " '^" '^"^'^•■'^^" "ickel-cinco ! These Santiago's Hospital hospLr.t^tS'i'^'l.^i^/rhro:':;:' h'-^*"^ ■•- '-'-^^ ■•» -= the harbor its red cross flair seen st ^"' ""^ '">' =-"'*. '•'nd fron. Let us climb the heigh from t ,e .t,e sT '", ', ' "'f °'' " '^P'"' 8-"™- Takethis„i„di„gpaAandLarawv,r k"" ^^""''^ with spider webs't'o this Ion, "eersC ^v ,h'"":h°'*™''''"^'''=''°""='' "Stand now at the lanrfln„ , *^'. '"'""=''" '^""<'^- heart for it when you con ecJt^ 0°i"tr "' T'' ■ ^°" '''" "■»- "«'= tiles, that seen, almost to touch one anlth '"""'''"' '°°' '"P' "' "^-^ «e the bay, or that part which for'/r^b™ " T" "■■' *' ''"="' ^o" "y the fold in the mountains. Ships lie'at".nT''' " '™"'"*'- '» hWden With General Shafter on board en'-rJlTt:; 12 r^otli^tr 1! ,. II ; 460 HOSPITAL WORK AT SANTIAGO. phant army. Only the sick and convalescent remnants of the army of San- tiago now remain, they and the Silent Battalion of the Fallen. " The little tug Esmeralda snorts at the dock waiting to take off Colonel McClcrnand, Major Groesbcck, the able judge advocate, and others of the staff who go home with their chief. Further out lies the Spanish ship that is to transport the next load of the capitulated Spanish army. Poor fellows! . Thirteen of them died to-day on their way to the vessel— died with tiieir faces toward home. " Yonder is the Berkshire (No. 9), which will take two or three hundred convalescent American soldiers into the pure ocean air and to the happy shores of ' God's own country I ' That is what the lads call it, with a quaver in their tones, and they arc not far astray in their nomenclature. " Beyond the bay the mountains rise, their rigid sides green with sum- mer's verdure, and their tops flecked with veils of misty cloud. Whichever way one turns these beautiful mountains fill the vista, and here and there a white patch in the greenery shows a canvas city of American soldiers. Tt is a beautiful scene. Like Jerusalem of old, 'the moun'iins are round about ' Santiago, and with proper use of money and engineering skill, this city could be made an exceedingly attractive residence. Even in midsummer it might be tolerably pleasant. " The sun's fervor is indeed terrific from 1 1 a.m. to 4 p.m., but even duriii:' "'"rT'"' ■" "'^' •™"'"- fir.t in,prc.,,sio„. VVi.h singular /ood ,«e .HT,^' , "'^ ^'"^ ""' " "'= ==nter of the court, and i, surrounded ZlT- , I™ '"" '"""' P'"''"'' '" *" a cocoa.„u, ,ree wi.h i,s green 0"^^^ "'""''• ^"'°"'-' "'""• '-"» hospital °dirk!:c"hTn:'':r?.retn''j'r'^ ^' f °""'' '" -' "-"'^IPhi. and plenty of it. Wc thalk " -.ce, too, if something don't T wron" f , ' u"^"' '"^"^ '"'"* "f "•»t !) "ave been going ,ro„g, and sf w" e™,!, 'ue Tn T "" «° "°"S' »"" chao. No one who h!s not beeT hro J he '"*" °''''"' "■"^■' ""' "' conceive of the stite of things which Cr , "T""" "" adequately "ad to^ace in |,is adminis,ra.S:l"ct,";;^C' ^^""^ '''"""' ^-*' '>- town is ll^ot utTcZ"'Ttrr!''"''\ '''■""''™ '"•' "'"larial fever. The Oolores to-day. One ^ , a 3 i 'tt'T';'' '°*'"«' °" "« '•'»«» n.en, With one „,a„ following a,, n lurne? 'Thele"" "' '"""'""^ °' '"° four bearers shouldered the black coffin and tl, """ "■"'''= Pretentious; funeral train. ""'"■ """^ *cre were two mourners in the In the ^ever Hospital. Of war. TLt.:eTf;:;;:;rir;soi ".n ^'^^"^ "'" " ■•- «■= ='--'• drove the panic-stricken people ThZrh hi = =">- >'ould be bombarded El Caney. That exodu.s'c^toZds :,■""'"' """ ''"""•''•' ''"- "> unto d miseries. The chief suff "er "e e 0^^ ',"' ""''"' "" ^-* "I behalf we took up anns. "• '^"^^'"- "'= ''"y People in whose "The sickness and deafh in c-.«*- El Caney exodus, wi.h itstdes ribfble hi: "^Z " f^'^ ">= -"- of the canity pleads w-^ the Amerkl , peoil H' .^""'y >"''•'' as well as hu- not apare ! En ,ge the P eJZtT^.c '^'"" "' ""'^ •"•H'erers. Let us ■■umane men, to .. wide hT * Z!:ZT, °' ^"' """ -= i"« and Lawton and General Wood in thd^ ^r'eT' ^"'' '"""age Major Ge„er„l relief to every civil ill. ' -""='' »""* wc..^ she . trusted inLd,' b^ Jp^h^^r :^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ike Oliver Cron. good practice. ^cmcaies ready. Good theology and -no, his campaign ,•„ Cuba T tlVL^lee T'l"" "' v"'"''''- ^" "«= peace." ""^°' '^""' '^t us hope, his spirit rests in tives'rdTso'nl^rry^nt^r:^^^^^^^ ''"' °^ ^'^ '^-- °^ ^^P-nta- a.u' the Civil War. Zl^^'ToT^CZ^ZnT^T ''' ^'' '''' '^-^- Spain to have been nuracuIousTv ithr Th ^"'^^^"^^'•'"g^ «f the war with refute the contention of 1 atTona !ts;h J^h' 'T^' °' ''^ '''^'- ^epartn^ent death and suffering. ''"''''°"^''«*« ^^^^ ^^ere have been unusual hardships. Losses in 1 attle oigheeen regiments „;eBZ,anr^"r' '"'"="" ^^ regular artillery, fanto-. Heidfordu,;?,^^.::^;^''''';" 'f-"'' "^ volunteer £ men and 85. officers. These we ! ^ I'd Ar °"f "'""■"■ ^"'^ '''■ '^'^SS battles covering more than a w Jt t^ w T,"^^ ' "'"'■•'' °' "''■•"'l'^ ^"d Ihe losses as followsT ^^ ^'"' department officially reports _^^^"Officers killed, .3; men killed, .„; officers wounded, 93; men wounded, re,iZ:s^7r;nt;'aro':et";"Tat'r™^^^^^ ^-g, ,863, while as^saulting Ma^:^HeS "^ec ^ '^'"l"' ''"'"'='''■ lo^es are officially r-rnrted- w>^^ ' "''^''f • ''"ember 13th, the followintr '58.; missing, «9. ^ totl' f !tL"*'^f "'"'W' '''"'^<'' '9'i »<>""en and rreou I I r, 7'""'' "'-••™Ban,>,,tio„ „f„„ .;- i..'an.; Tb. a,;i,::';.aXidrL"tr.d':„" ;rf "^^^- """ -'"" the greater part of one year." P'''"^' •■*-'qu'>'ng A Canadian's Eulogy in ragged and faded uniform, wieh arm' Lif f "" '"^ "' '"'"''•'■='' '"'^<' cn^ar. and pa.,, ,i„,pi„,. Cb^™ ' tetor^ 'tn'^'b'^' '''.^- side of his shirt cut away and ifalf ^,7!! ""' ™"' *"h "« ''="= and moved s,o.,y and P^iZ^J^.'^^.'^^^ZZLTT- " '"'" '""''' " Arm<.H Tir.VK , ^iwccu iwo Stalwart marines. wa.,guX.hro„7rrVtrfT'''''!.'r'"" ^^ '-= -'*" "'- with her load of brolfen dot„ te T^b .'7 '"^ '""'P°" '™^-'^. and volunteers, was movinrhurnldiv r T'' "'^'' ''''"' ''>' '""•'"' of the wharf the R JrZ! T , '^ """'• '='"''••'« "«"»• At the foot «.-et cars lbs op ' ^rrL« w^;"' ^'""^ '" t '"'"='■■ -PP'—ted by turn out. Very few ofTof ™e™»-'«'-y vehicle that Key West could nien were al^edTt e' d o7S!ti;".rt„:f rT''"' '"= "°""''="' clamor, no confusion * transport There wa., no bustle, no woui^jrtrsreifrdintrar::^;!''...-'^^^^ - -— »„ root ofthe ladder. These werlsoplaced-to'S'thetZerrdXt;!' i i- J n Bit n ! Ill 462 HOSPITAL WORK AT SAN riA(.0. of their baggage and accoutrements. At a little table on the lower deck sat a couple of men taking down the names and issuing tickets l-Lach man got his billet to the convent hospital. " The poor fellows could be seen descending painfully, the little ticket caught between their teeth, their arms or legs helpless, their whole bodies limp and drooping. And yet these men had, many of them, walked fifteen miles from the front to the coast, along the cruel road in Santiago, under the I blistering rays of the fierce Cuban sun. And now they were done up. Tired, Home to Rest. "Tired, broken, weary men, coming home to rest. There was not a murmur from any of them. More than half the poor fellows were keeping up brave' y to show how little they cared about wounds. Scores of them expressed to me personally their hope that they would be made well quickly and sent down to the front again. The record they brought with them was the glorious one of splendid fighting, magnificent courage, and many, many wounds. " Again one saw in the sporadic light of moving lanterns heaps of bag- gage thrown about the wharf; guns, cartridge belts, canteens, and every where, lying, crouching, thrown down prone, soldiers. Not now shouting ' On to Cuba ! ' Not singing, or laughing, or cheering as they toiled on, sweating and dusty, in the heat of a Southern midsummer day. These men, wounded, weary, sitting on their little bundles, their forms drooping, their limbs band- aged, presented a thousand times more heroic, more touching picture. They had given a cheer as the ship came in and home was sighted— jus* 0"^ long cheer— after that silence, and waiting with dogged patience to be told oflT in squads for the hospital. " Not that they were not chatty and cheerful individually. Every man I spoke to gave me some bright story of the fighting, spoke some word of gladness at sight of home, or said cheerily how he hoped to be all right in a couple of weeks and down again at the front. No man seemed daunted ; no man lacked heart and courage. Bodily pain and sickness overcame many, and the inert, listless figures on the stretchers were dreadful to see; but the fighting heart was there, and the brave spirit and the unflinching front. I take off my hat to you, soldiers of the great republic. " Moving about among them I heard many a little story. ' Come over to the light and I'll show you the finest relic of the war,' said a soldier, half of whose body was bound up in white cloths. We stooped to the lantern. ' See this.' He took something from his pocket with his sound hand and gave it to me. It was a Mauser bullet which had struck a cartridge in his IIOSMTAL WORK AT SANTIAGO. belt, and cnibeddcd itself th.-r,. f ' ^ ''''k';;^; to you l.cre to-.,iKl.t if that MaZu\ ^'"'"'^'^ "'^' ^"' ^ vvouldut be I" squads those wounded who w^;' 1. '"' ""^"^ '">' ^^'^ ' -ere ,„archcd to the waiting can Wh.t 1 " " m'^^"'" •^'""''' --<^'>ow 'Hieed. and fticed about at the wor! f ""'"''' "^'^^'y f^" '"to line '•oi.pin. on one Toot J.oid! , X ^ ^r;;:?,"^' ^ f "^ ^'^^^-P' Ti-i' an k-round; that one on crutches ZrT , ""^'"^ °"*^ ^•■•" "P from the could ,00 of „,o,,o face, wa, S,. ™j .^T.^T"'" "'' '""'•' '"'' "'^^ you orwar „„„| j.„„ ,,„„, ,„^„ „,_^^^. ^^.^^™ «„ havo „„ ,doa of ,ho drcadfulno,, stretoher,, lowered fron. .ho deoT and Lir", ,."'""' """" "f"^" '» '" moon, on the wharf. ' "'' '""" ""t ">"e. ""der the light of the Pills for all His pouches strung at their wris^;^onrwl k/ 7 ^^^^^^^^ army blanket. A bearer stood at tTe ^^.d W r ''' "'"^^ ""^^ ^''« gray straps cast about his neck. The o dr came • it p ' "^'^ ''''''' ^^^ the carefully. Right foot first. March A T.l ^''^^ ''"^••^•' Carefully now down the wharf. Some of the p o cret"ure3 1 "' 'T "^'"'"^"^^ ^--P^^' t" thith'"' "."f '"^"^^ -thVer b S tesf"!,*'^^^ ^^^^ ^-d'a.l and thither, as ,f looking for the face of o r \ °'^ ^^'^ turned hither eyes. What stories they told r ^''' ""^ ^ '"^-d; eager, hungry, searching Samuel Linah, of Gettvsburtr P ■ - - . the thi. of theVt . Hri Santiago, but won't get due credit until the official history of the. war is printed. A man who has gone through the suffering endured in Cuba during the three days' fight, and even after hostilities had ceased, is prepared to face any death. There was no choice of horrors, and death from a Mauser bullet was not one of the worst of them. " I saw the slaughter of the Rough Riders, and there is no use trying to hide the facts, for we all shuddered. I did not mind viewing dead bodies as they lay unmutilated. Hamilton Fish's body was one of the first we passed, and as we went farther, we came across the men who had been caught by the brass-cove-ed bullets of the shorter range rifles of the Spaniards. I had one of these bullets which killed a poor fellow, but when I was taken ill the Cubans rifled my knapsack, and the only curio I have left is a piece of the Spanish flag from the block house. Rough Riders Slaughtered. " When it became known among us that brass bullets were being used we all presented a gruesome spectacle. The wounded who lay in the path of our march presented a sickly sight. We never faltered, as the fight would indicate, but for a time our courage was of the skim-milk order. The slaughter of the Rough Riders was a sickening sight, and had it not been for the Tenth Cavalry there would not have been one of them left to-day. " I tell you those colored cavalrymen and infantrymen are the cream of the army. It is true they are picked men, but it shows what a well-organ- ized body of men can do. We were proud of the chance to fight side by side with them. "After the fighting ceased and we were waiting the signing of the pro- tocol, we began to feel the effects of the strain under which we had been laboring for so many days. I was taken ill, and there was nothing to give a sick man but quinine. The men who handed it out may have been physicians, but I doubt it. I was given thirty grains at ten o'clock at night, and next morning at eight o'clock was given another big dose. I was lying on my blanket and hay, too sick to know what I was doing, and some time in the afternoon picked up my blanket and hay and wandered off. Of course my friends thought me dead, and I don't know just how long I lay there, but presume it was about a day, when the effect of the quinine, which was a dose sufficient to kill a horse, wore off some, and I realized that I was left behind. I got back to the camp and was ill in the hospital. " If we had dysentery, we received quinine ; if we had typhoid fever, we got quinine ; and the only medicine for sore throat was quinine. We all rejoiced when we were to be removed North ; and after we were on the trans- he. war is iba during red to face jser bullet ■ tiying to bodies as ive passed, jht by the had one of le Cubans e Spanish eing used le path of jht v/ould ler. The >t been for y- ' cream of ell-organ- it side by f the pro- had been to give a hysicians, and next ng on my me in the aurse my there, but as a dose ft behind. fever, we We all the trans- "OSHTAI. WORK AT S..rMCO. Montaulf P^.-i . -I going to save the livTof th '"''"''' '"' ^'^''-"' necessa^ /^''^^S''^'"-"' t«ku^ charge of the camp a "''" °"^'' '^''^> ^or Nc^v I '^ "^^^^ •^■»^'^d. I was a happy 2n J T ^'^° ^^^'^ '"to the Red ^ f'^'^ ^""^ "«t fit to travel, but if T Tt'" ^ ^'"^^ '^^^'^ '"• The s. °'' ^°^P'^^' '« those quiJne 1 ^'rrf ''"' ^"^ '^ ^'^ sil he d 'r "'^'^ ^^^^^> -^ some time. ' '"^ ^ ^^^^ I will not be TlZ u^ ^ ^"' ^"^^^^ with " We fought to save th r "" '" '"^ °"^ ^^'^ ^or ^-- starvatiol whi eat th"" ''^'^ ^"^^^ ^n^ rescue t. -.United States sold e?i,few''^V'"^ ^"^^n ^olZsZ^^V^^^^^^ •■'fled it of all he had Th '^ '^'^ ^"^P^ack a Cuban M ''''''' "^- I'" ^ould be able to assist u^"" '''''' '"^'^' -"^ it was at fi^ '^"' '""' "'^ '"'^ -'•th the Spanish method :?/?"""^ ''^ Spaniards unil" 1"'^' *^^^ ^'^^>' «"«ed us as muchTouh? ?^''"^ '" -'"bush J " ' ^^ became familiar -uble as the Dons, and they dii T^Z^-y ^W ili! CHAPTER XXVII. Story of Clara Barton and the Noble Work of the Red Cross. HE women at home did not forget the gallant troops in the field, whether battling with foes in a tropical climate, drooping with dis- ease in camp hospitals or suffering indescribable hardships in crowded transport ships. Numerous relief societies were or- ganized, and everywhere the gentle touch and voice of women were there to soothe the dying and quiet the feverish. The most prominent of ♦hese beneficent organizations was the Red Cross Society, the head and inspiring spirit of which was the gentle, heroic, famous Clara Barton, America's Florence! Nightingale. She was with the blockading fleet and with the army of invasion under General Shafter. All of the Red Cross work was under her personal supervision, and the Red Cross vessel entered Santiago before the conquering American fleet, through the thought- ful courtesy of Admiral Sampson. Miss Barton's friends claim that while she was at Santiago she did more to bring about the surrender of General Toral than any other agency. While at Siboney on the day of the first fight before Santiago, these friends assert, Miss Barton was requested to go to the front. This she did, making the long, rough journey in a six- mule team on top of an army wagon loaded with pick axes and spades. She found the American wounded lying prone on the ground, under the fierce glare of the sun, or in the narrow-chilling tropical dampness of rain, without food, water or attention. After ministering to these as best she could, furnishing them with malted milk, cereals and other necessaries, Miss Barton turned her attention to twenty-seven wounded Spanish officers and men. She knew that in the ranks of the Spaniards the belief was general that all Spanish soldiers, well or wounded, who fell into ciie hands of the Americans, were massacred, and for that reason Toral's men had decided never to surrender, but to fight to the death. In order to correct that impression .she called upon General Shafter, and suggested, urging her suggestion with much earnestness, that the wounds of twenty-seven Spanish soldiers be dressed, amputations made when neces- sary, and the wounded enemies taken carefully back into their own lines under a flag of truce. This was done by General Shafter's direct order, and the result was magical. The wounded men told their comrades about the kind treatment 46i> THE RED CROSS. they naa received at the hanrf« ^r ., . ^^'' ^he arn^y like wild-fire L^r,' ^^ Americans, and the news spread through wounded Spaniards had been tlfn^^ Massacred, as ihcyV^tctTf dressed before thev wer/ / "^ ""^'^ huma.iely fed anH t^^.^*''^'^' ^''^ ^"ey were returned to their friends. ^"^ ^°""<^s CnnHf Conditions Changed. Her method of work and the dwV '""^ ""^'^^ ^'"-ricans 0th. after the Amencan troops had begun to sL « '^"^^^"^rters, on July ^^atne from Shaffer's fronMn.r.^°'''"S^"t'ago: ^ Will return to-morrow. ^°"' ^° ^°'^' ^"^-nio for ice to save her meat ■'^re sendingf suDni;*:'o f^ r J^Jo transportation H ■• Wounded men .ai;e„"or„''u" o^^'r' "="" '''""'' "= LelpM. front are in d^et." ^Tjf t^" "l"*"' ""'""^ ''--of the Red C -Jr:— ;--— -"~-n;an'i:-„. we..™ Of the hardships the P^^ r- mmBmmm Refused by our own peopl offers of nurses and doct ors. e. we next called on General Garcia of the 468 THE RED CROSS. Cuban army, and were most cordially received, his medical men being only too glad to accept all we had to offer. So the next morning our four Red Cross nurses and Sister Bcttina went over to the Cuban hospital, which was as repulsive and forbidding a place as can be imagined, and began to work. The patients were astounded and transformed with such a baptism of soap and water as never was heard of before in this benighted region, and by after- noon that little hospital was one clean spot in town. Scoffers became believers and army officers became gentlemen who doffed their hats to our demure drab little women, who believe that cleanliness is the first essential in health- fulness. " That little bit of practical work spread through rank and file like wild- fire, and before nightfall our poor boys in blue who had been lying on the floors, many of them without even a blanket, v/ere asking each other and their slovenly male nurses how it was tliat the Red Cross came down here and gave them the go-by and put the Cubans on beds with soft pillows and blankets and clean sheets. Of course, such vigorous kicking and the terrible contrast between the Cuban and our army hospitals could have but one result, and the army surgeons are now willing and eager to have us on any terms we may suggest, and are cbnstantly asking for more than we are prepared to give. We have opened a Red Cross hospital here and have twenty-four beds, which is the capacity of the hospital. Efforts to Relieve Sufltering. " The United States authorities were entirely unprepared in medicines, food or services to handle wounded men, and the Red Cross has proved a perfect godsend. We are not in full accord with the military surgeons— at this end. " Kennan and Egan went to the front last Saturday and found a deplor- able condition of suffering there. The next day Miss Barton, Dr. Hubbell, Dr. and Mrs. Gardiner and McDowell joined them. Our people began work the moment they arrived on the field, and they will remain there as long as there is need for them. Lesser and the nurses have been doing fine work here in the army hospitals, though they have had to work day and night under most adverse conditions. On Sunday night, when they were coming to the ship for rest, they were asked to board the Harvard and attend a lot of Spaniards who were on the fleet when it was annihilated, and they spent the entire night there, returning to the ship in an exhausted condition. After four hours' rest they returned to the shore again. " We have to run over to Port Antonio, Jamaica, for ice. Everything down here has come our way, and the only regret we have is that our force THE RED CROSS. IS not larger, and that we have not cert;i.n th:^ • useful just now. All our potatoe have "ott f ' '". ""'' '"^" ''''' """'^ ^e and codfish, but the remainder oftlfe carr:::,?' T ""^ '°" ^°"'^ ^^^ Miss Janet Jennings, one of the nu etw h llCfp T ''' '" "^ '•"°^-' ^ " ^^cf r::.de::tr ^- -i '- -^^^^^^^r^' ""^^ °" .permitted to cr.t;;ise et to^Tr^v t' ""^T^^ °' '^^ ^^^ ^-- -^ -t you is simply a plain narrative of t^e coTZn'oT'"'''- "^'^^ ^ ^^'^" ^^" when we reached there. If any blame attth J ""' ^" ^°""^ '' ^^'^o^ey Surgeon General's. Nothin.but nrT^. k ' ""^' ^^P^^^'^^^nt it is to the and its officers. ^ ^"' P'"''^ ^"" ^^ ^^'^ of the Navy Department west:'T;e:::s:[:r^^^^^^^^^ -rr^^ - ^-^-^^^^ ^^y Admiral Sampson's fleet was there an iw''' ' f '" "' ^'^^^^^ Santiago son told Miss Barton it Z^lZZTot^^^^^^^ *° '™- ^^-■■-' ^amp- •n that neighborhood at that timT anftnl .' °"'' ''^^^^^"^^ forty miles east of Santiago. xtAdn'rllber' 7° ^' Guantanan,o Bay, there with the insurgents Our sunnlt? ^^''^^^^ ^'^ <=o"ld communicate strange as it may appear, the sup;nef ^^^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^'^ -^"^-s. and. nien-that is, the hospital supplies ^' assistance of our own board'rtreTTLlfaL^"t:i; M^^ VTT^ ^^^P^^^-t came on was in great need of ass" tance tlat men "'°" ''''' '""^ ^°^P'^^' ^' ^iboney Miss Barton at once ordered the si ofTeT TV"' "^^'^' ^"-^--- arrived there on Sunday evenin; mL B ! ^""^ *° ^''^°"^y- ^^en we the Siboney hospital to see what w^neeH^" wu '"''"'^" °^ ^^^'^ ^^^^ to sentatives returned they reporTedhr' 1 ^^'" ^''' ^'^'"'^'^ repre- hospital was needed. The7e wt !Lh ^^ ^-'"^ "r'""'"'"' '^ ' "^"-^-PP^d dysenteo. and other complaLMl^t^^^^ ^"^^""^ -■^' ^--' bedding, clothing and food. ^'^^""^ '"PP"^« *« be unloaded. Men Lying on the Floors. left whI:;^rey^:ul"'■bf t^al°:tr^ r^^'"^ ^^^^ -"*-'^-- ^ots were Cross surgeoL. with fiv nles ;r Two of the Red hospital building. It was a smal '.ff wu''" '^'"'' ^''''''' ^^"^ to the the four or five Lml Tt contati fre in^h "fi.lv" "'''"^' ''^^ ^°""^ '^^' Seventy of our soldiers were Ivin^ on he H i' T "'' *^°"^'"°" '"^-^'''able. uniforms. There wasn'r! b/dor co i ITIT' J'^ •"!" ''^' ^ their been lying there four days. Some cot in the place. Some of of the the men had !c.. had fevers and others dysen- 470 THE RED CROSS. tery or measles. Two men had been wounded on the day the Rough Riders had their fight. " The Red Cross representatives at once offered the society's services but the assistant surgeon in charge, Dr. Winters, decHned the offer. He told our people that he did not need their services, but perhaps he should in a kw days. He would let them know. Seventy men were lying there sick with only army rations for food. The Red Cross surgeons and nurses urged Dr. * Winters to accept them, but to no purpose. They wanted to stay and make the place comfortable. Dr. Winters would not yield. " Our party then went over to the Cuban soldiers' hospital. Here they found some patients in bed. The Cubans accepted the offer of assistance at once and very willingly. There were six rooms in this hospital, and these the Sisters at once cleaned. They did the work of servants as well as nurses. With pails of water and cloths they got down on their knees and washed the floors. The place was fixed up and proper food was prepared. That after- noon I went ashore and went to the Cuban hospital. I saw what the Sisters had done. " I went to the American Hospital and saw the four or five filthy rooms. I found a hospital steward there. He told me h had two men to assist him^ but nothing with which to make the patients comfortable. Then I saw Dr.' Harvard, who is the surgeon there. Misunderstanding Cleared Up. " Addressing him, I .said : ' You declined the service of the Red Cross to-day. Can you afford to let this story go back to the United States, that you have nothing here in the way of supplies or nurses, and still refuse the help at hand ?' He replied that he had not declined our services, as he needed help very much. Then I said there must have been some misunderstanding, and I asked him if the Red Cross could come in the Hospital and do what -t had been doing for the Cubans. He replied, ' Yes.' "With that I rushed down to see Inspector General Breckenridge in his tent, near the shore, and told him the story. He was very nice to me, and I asked him if there was any hospital supplies on the ships. He did not know He introduced me to a colonel on General Shafter's staff He could not answer my question, either. Then I reported to Miss Barton, on the State of Texas, and the next day about one hundred cots were carried ashore in small boats. The Red Cross nurses had been in the Cuban hospital two days when Dr. Lagarde, the surgeon in charge, came back from the front. He saw the awful situation at once and sent a formal letter to Miss Barton asking for the services of the Red Cross. The order came for the troops to move on San- THE RED CROSS. ^^^ tiago, and Dr. Liigarde turned over the hosDitAl f„ ,1, better building, and the Sisters, after 0^1^,^ ""^r""^' ^' «"' ' there, and the Red Cross flag ^ent up "^ 'I'oronghly, put the patients tha daiThe'titd ty:t:'er,c'r "■ '-'^ "'■ '- "- ^''--o" <" front, a distance of eight o'el les SoZ' " "' "" ''' °' '"'"' '">"■ «- foot. The only aecoLtodation h army hadT,,'" 7^'' ""'"^ «"= "» on the ground with blankets thrown oveHt n " ^^ '""" """' "'""" of the Red Cross, to co„,e in anTtake th plaee o^f' "*'" "'■ L'-". Lesser, with three Sisters went in andM . j u "^ ""Seon. Mrs. hours they operated on and dr ,ed th . J^'""'' '" "'^"ty-four a.or.^frtr^— :af::ra:ss-ri^^^^^ ^:t:^ rc^ioX-iisr rT v- °--- Dr. Lagarde : ' Where ar, Z< .. ^ "'"' "=''>' '"" bandages. I asked -rvicef Have yo broug u'Zvl"''''''? '°^ '"= ^™'^' "'h"« " ^^ - .0 .he front to flg^h. withoui'::r;:;ririr7ern's'er.^ ''"'' "■™ Oould Only Say, "I Don't Know " was .so tr^iS^'Hnad'r mtie to V'^'^rf '''^-' *= ^■'-«°" I don't know.' The tears rofo Tl ^' .' '"' "'"^ "'P'*'' ' " "lon't know; co...d have done ^o^Z:Z:::^:-^^,-'^^^ "-^ ""^ - l'"l« .s m you and the help you ean give „ and if . ' "^ ""'>' • Misfnalt on ,:a 1":?^- "^ -,- "^ '-"^ '-^ »'-..on i'old that night, and a. daylight hndd ti^m' wt' '""'^'' °'" '""" ""»■' and w.th another, the th.Vd load mLk, *'/"^="^ '"o army wagons, another load on Monday July Tth A ,f '?"" T ' '° "'= f""'' ^e sent on My ,4,h_th.. Red Cro, never hi , IT ' "'" "'"'-'"•'> ' Mt Cuba of the thirty od.l transports ''"'■•'*'" ^"PP"^' '=='''8 on any to ,.^z:::. "mLI^z"'" "t"^"- ■ -"' °" *= ^'^-^ °f ^exa,, ton. That was the ce the W> 7" ^ '""'■'""■ ""' "«■" ">"^ at Kings. *ou,,, have been fourV- ' i^Xfa^ritrfro^rVhr' """■ ,^"=- and that made it neres^ary to carr/fK ^"^ '''ont. There was only one. .- -e Of then, Should L';^eertrthVHrd'c;: -- ^ 472 THE RED CROSS. Ill m sLtT^ °^ ^*'''^'' *' *^^^ ''°"''* "°' ^^^ *^^ P'^P"*' ^'=co'"'"odations in "I said the Red Cross never criticises. What I have said is not in criti- asm, but s.niply a story of our experiences. Of the navy too much cannot be sa.d. and whatever fault is to be found with the army regulations so far as the hospital arrangements are concerned is due perhaps to the Surgeon Gen- erars department." Condition of the Seneca. When asked the condition of the transport Seneca, on which she came trom Cuba, Miss Jcnnmgs manifested some reticence. " The vessel was never intended for the use of sick and wounded," Miss Jennmgs sa.d : "You remember how they built up cots or bunks for the men to sleep m the hold when the troops were transported ? Well, the stench there was frightful. " "^l had no bandages on the Seneca and no surgical instruments. Some of the physicians came to me and told me that they knew some of the men needed surgical treatment, but they were powerless to do anything because of the absence of mstruments. Ifs a miracle that there were no deaths on board the vessel on our trip up. "Captain Decker did everything in his power to give me assistance and make the wounded men comfortable. The.e was not enough water: there was no ice on the transport, and no medicine except quinine. We came away m a great huK-y, and I only had time to rush to the State of Texas and gather up a few bandages and medicines that I knew would be needed. "In addition to the foulness of the air, the decks were in a dirty, filtln- s ate. It was not a proper transport for sick or wounded men by any mean^ It does not seem to me that there has been any exaggeration in the reports about the Seneca s condition. • .u'l^i^J,"'^^"" ^^"^''^' °^ '^^ ^'""y ^°^^ "°t ^PP'-ove of women nurses m the field, some one said, suggestively. Miss Jennings' reply was a quiet smile, but in a moment she said : " The army ,n Cuba, both men and officers, differ with the Surgeon General. All the officers who came up on the Seneca are strong in their opinion that wonu n are needed ,n the field, and that that is the place for them, as well as ..t the rear and m the home hospitals. Thev saw the devoted work done by Mrs Lesser and those four trained nurses who were there, and they are convinced After the first day s fighting. July ist. at Santiago, when the wounded came down m hundreds, Mrs. Lesser and three of the nurses went right into the operating tent m Siboney and worked with the surgeons there for forty-ci.ht hours with hardly any rest, nen nurses THE RKD CROSS. uates a,„„„g ,|,e,„, ,,,„,,, .„J, j'' 'f„ °' T-''». 1 Lcc w.re two Yale ,,ra,l. bu. .hey casually rcmarkcVS u y ill '^ l"'"* "S:"" "' •"' ""•-> '-'i* , '■erch.ef They thought the p' 'I fy to ,,c„d then, a even Mr:Balt::/e^ir;;i- '''""' "" ^^'-" '» "- ^"^-ed .State, which ,h= .en. to the New Ck Te^tXjr''"'"' "^ *= ^"'"""^"e S "Ti, «. '"=« O'atefliUy Beoeived. ine morse arrivpH whu u ;;^ Gene., S.after ^rXStJ^^^Sf- "''^ ^^^^ ^ «^-' n Sant,ago; he had nowhere to put it an 1 i M ' T "°* ''*" '-''-- 't- The tran.sport.s were ju.st coming 7;. f '" '°"'^ ^° "o^hing witi, and wounded. The captains, a.^' J "tht' '^ ^""^^^^"^^ ^-^'' °^ ^'' - 1 for .t on behalf of their soldiers Both C n I'.T '""' '"""^diately called every effort to properly dispose of it and 1 '"'''" '''"'' '"yselfhav^^ n.adc sent here has been pfoduc'ive of o n uchtod "°'^'"^ '''' '^' ^^ b- thanks and so many blessings. ^ ^°°^' '° '""^h comfort, so n,any Our goods sent by the Pnrf v; f no njeans of dischargin'g then^ T .^eTar^?;" °" '^^^^- ^'^^ ^-n. been and r the vessel should be ordered back on h T\ ^^--^""^ent supplies. suppl.es both the government's and ours tillnK kT'"^^ °' ^'^^ ^-^ ^hc The ambulances are in the bottom anc cl ot'be ^k^." '^^' ^^ ^^^ ^-k, ' Learn ng yesterdav ft,.f ♦u o ^ ^^ reached. for Baracoa, I securti t^e oppor tt"/""" """"' '""= -•" '"= «« >™op, to a hundred tons are loadedT y '^^i"! "^ "■""'" "> ^° '"* "• -'^ "" X *« anything has yet gone to Baraco, ■ t ™"'- ^his is the first time Dr. Hubbell will go with them! '^"-°=>— ther troops, rations or supplirs! to 'bem,:z?,'::tir::;foTt" '° ''™°=' -"" - =^". to look cancarrytoGibaraassoonTsl: n™;*'.":'"''"- /,"" «^' ^" '"= «- « load of thirty tons of supplies for Z ' """^ '""''V tak.n out a commence to ship „p thf Slrt d Zs^n u""" T '"'"' '^^^ ^^^^ cl'n.c under Dr. oolloso, which trei.s Ln-I'f T '"■""'^''' '''"■ ""^ «"Pplv a patients a dav ^"" 'eeds ^nH ^i^*i-__ .. . *f '-^ '' it day. three thousand 474 til 4 I V i THE RliD CROSS. " Mrs. Louise Morgan has sent n.c ;g5oo, which being unable to use for the nurses, I asked Mr. Cottrell to return to her. with a letter, as kindly written as I was able to write, explaining to lirr that I did not return it as between her.cif and me. but to avoid complications with other committees. I trust that she- will not take the act in a spirit other than that in which it was made. I cannot accept complications with other committees. I have no need of moneys beyond those you have already sent me. If I had, the generosity and thoujihtfulncss of other nations have supplied me. and they have appeared to have done it with no distrust of my management or integrity. " I shall do faithfully all that comes to me until I can be properly released from these duties, and I will work, as I always have done, for the credit of my country, its history, its people, its government; but, so far as any personal interest is concerned in any of it, there is nothing left." Red Cross Work for Cubans. Toward the close of August. G. W. Hyatt, the Red Cross agent at Key West, who was a prominent Havana merchant, wrote to Stephen E. Barton in charge of the Red Cross headquarters in New York, in reference to the work of sending small relief expeditions to the Cuban coast as follows : " I am happy to inform you that the last two expeditions of food I sent to Cuba, one to Cardenas and one to the coast above Sagua la Grande, arrived safely, and were delivered to the hungry women and children, to their great delight. A part of that sent to the shores near Cardenas was carried on men's backs nearly to Matanzas and distributed to the hungry. My men doing this work have returned here, and are begging for more food. Matanzas, Havana, and Pinar del Rio provinces are suffering horribly. Not- withstanding you have so much work to do in the different volunteer camps in the United States, I most sincerely hope that the Cuban Relief Committee wdl not forget that there are many thousands in Cuba who are starving. If it meets your approval. I propose to send a small amount of provisions (say two or three tons) to Havana by the Mascotte, or other way of conveyance, to be immediately distributed. " Work in Cuba can be carried on with perfect safety. I am only too anxious to try it, and with the least possible delay. I am surrounded con- st .ntly by persons begging for relief for their families in Cuba. Communica- tion is now an every-day occurrence. Can anything be done to aid some of the most worthy Cuban families to return to Havana? Some have property there, and can go and live in their own houses; others have friends and relatives, but none has a cent with which to get to Havana, and they are now living on the charity distributed by the Red Cross." THE R|.:i) CROSS. riie efficiency of the R^,i r ^"^^ K'co. July , IZa r ^'■'">'' ^'^^ «'■ the Chief ^ duty, very respectfully, y„„, obedi,;,^;^^,,';'"^ ^-^ Vo" again a. Statement of Surgeon Genera! Sf. . Surgeon General s.„ u ^'oneral Sternbere vJwino' to <-li» •iiie j^tified in taWn,,, !,';'"'""■' °' "'J' "fficial duties I h»v, . , t"de towards "he An '"" '° "."""= =" "P^ation w ,h !;"' ""'='°''>- f"^" 'l>arg=d in the ,,„ '^"'"'"" National Red Cross J, /^'^'>-'"'=^ •» my atti- -fused to aeceotT'"?"' "-"I an, hostile to L I"- ''" "^''''»y '"- z^who":- d^' '"-"- crssntptrcV" *^ «="-«-'"" of bat,re and , ''"''' ''' '" '" ™*r firs, aid'to !l "' '" ""= '""y "' en- r- - "o Lrth': ;tr ■■■ °- ^^^--Clrar;^^^ during active ^ • ^'^ """"ses would b^ nn ; , ' "^ ^ ^^ve s ctcnve operations • but p= o ^" '"cumbrance to fr^ <^3mps, and it became ' ^°°" ^« seriou.s sickne,«= w , ""P" 479 TIIK RKD CROSS. V !!' "The general testimony from the surgeons in charge of these hospital^ has been that their services have been of great value. Very many of tluae trained nurses have been obtained through the kind assistance of the K. -I Cross Society for maintenance of trained nurses, Auxiliary No. 3, aad I desire to express n>y hiph appreciation of the valuable services rendered 10 the medical department of the army by this organization. Relief Organizations. "My attitude towards relief organizations is shown by an endorsement dated May 5th, upon a letter addressed by Rev. Henry C. McCook, of I'hila- dclphia, to the President, and referred to mc- for remark : "'Mays, I S9«-— Respectfully returned io the Adjutant General of the army. The plan proposed for the reorganization of a relief association appears to have been well considered, and 'the object in view will commend itself to every patriotic citizen. But it is a question whether the President should give special privilege.-^ t > any particular organization. " 'Other prominent individuals in different parts of the country may bo organizing for the same purpose. One such proposition has come to nie from Chicago. While I approve in a general way of organization for the relief work proposed, it appears to me that it will be best not to give, in advance, exclusive privileges to any one particular organization. In case of iici,l assistance should be accepted from any organization prepared to give it.' "This has been my guiding principle throughout,— that relief, when needed, should be promptly acceptcil, without reference to the source frum which it comes. The relief affoided by the National Red Cross at Sihoncy was promptly accepted by the surge- 1^. o ■ the spot, but 't is evident that it was entirely inadt'j.ate to meet the emerge"* ••. " A committee of the American National ked Cross Association called upon me in my office in Washington some time in advance of the landing of our troops in Santiago, making an offer of assistance. I received them most courteously, and advised them to use their resources in fitting up a hospital ship, telling them that a hospital ship was now being fitted up for the use of tb-; medical department, but that it was not at all improbable that an emer- ■cncy would arise which would overtax our resources, and that in such ,111 event a he ^jjtal ship, properly equipped, having on board a corps of doctors and nurses, would be a most valuable auxiliary. " Furthermore, the American National Red Cross Association has hari full authority to send agents and supplies to all our camps since June 9, 1898, and if there has been suffering for want of needed supplies, they must share the responsibility with the medical department of the army for such suffering. THE RKU CROSS. "The following- letter was s.-nf i . *^^ .-. o, .„ ,..,^ an, „:;:,::.;;[ r;:„-n. «ers,.,.„„ „,. ,,„^. ine Secretarv nf u/..> i =' ' ''^9o; army corp, and cl,vi,i„„» „„ co-?f..„t " tT,"' '"" ''"•' " '^■' ■^-' - of as,oc,a,,o„ for ,„.. p,„p„,,, ,„,,^,^5:^'^ "'"> "- authorised .^.„,. „., AlBo. and ask „in, ,f ,trc is a ;* fe il„ ." '° ""■■ ""'""°" "' ■'^-- representative to report to the !„',„:" T" "''""'"''"^ " ""'' C' ovcry camp, confer with then, a, toT '' "'^"' ""' Chief SurKeon, -yki-ns wantin,,ope„ .h::e 'C CrZ' I'lf^ "r^ """• '^-'">'" - We can do this, not i„ „ fe„ weeks orTf """"'' """'' '" ""■' »"PPlies cjn ur„,.h any q„an.i„ „f „ " .^ J « J™ ' 'ays but in a few houL' and VV. hereby tenr'er our aid and put ou?„ ^ *''"'y '''>'• >"' "'"'-"°" at the War Deplrtn.en^s •■To .show „rc*:',f:!:r°' T '"^ ''' ^ o-"- ;;;- , venture ,^ qu'rfr::"^::' /'ir""' " !"'' ""'- -^^''-''f Con,. ^-i-a„d H..od,e,chair,„a„ofr.sS;;v "rs:." K:^j orou:i::::^ftro"a:r;:,~t^t™'^"'^°^°-°-'«^^^^ ealhng upon us so frankly.' "'^ ''°'"'''' *" and to thank you fo; We greatly appreciate your courtelv „ T '"• "" 'V' : have been pennitted to serve you in any wTy ' "' '"" '"' '"°'' grateful to •" addition .o'lTe^If;::"?^ "''^"°" '""" "" « ^- ^-^■•' '; *= ^ffioiency of the Red'c fs S^c^v I'TT' ""'' » '»«" •«"tng Mrs. Katherine A T" t League sent -> Pr.s,,Jt7KX''^l\°l''''. '"'ernationa, Brotherhood hospital work at Camp Wikoff- '^ ^""""""^ ■''Pot on the League's ''-r:rr^ti^|;:::r---C"-a„der.,VChiefofthe.rmya„d --S,._,berew,Usubmi. the report Of rehefa.orded at them. 478 THE RED CROSS. ■,i u ternational Brotherhood League Hospital, Camp Wikoff, Montauk, Long Island, to the soldiers of the various regiments there encamped. ' "This hospital, consisting of seven tents, was erected on August 2^1 and removed to its new location in New York on September 13th havine thus been in operation for three weeks. The whole work of erection and removal, the whole nursing, cooking and medical work, were done entirely 'gratuitously by members of the League, some of whom volunteered their services as physicians, others as nurses (some lay, some professional) and others as workers in various other departments of activity. "We acknowledge with pleasure the almost uniform courtesy and aid extended us by the officials of the army. In particular our most grateful thanks are due to General Wheeler and his staff, whose kindness was un tiring and without whose aid we could with the greatest difficulty have sur mounted the many obstacles that were in part incidental to the situation and m part placed in our way. We have further to extend our special thanks to Adjutant-General McClelland. Major Duval and to Quartermaster-Maior Knight, and the officers of the Commissary Department. But on almost all hands our work was recognized as of great value to the welfare of the army and as filling a gap which would otherwise have been painfully unoccupied. Aided Exhausted Soldiers. " This work consisted of several important branches of activity "I. The giving of temporary restand nourishing food toexhausted soldiers Many, just convalescent, or thought to be so, leaving camp on furloughs and making for the depot (in some cases a walk of two and a half miles) were'b\' the time they had reached our hospital, utterly exhausted under the hot sun over the hard, sandy roads, and, but for the rest and help which we were able to give them, would certainly have either collapsed by the time they reached the depot, or would have become too ill by the time they reached New York to proceed to their home destination. "Our workers were sent on occasions to the depot at midnight pro- vided with food and restoratives for the succor of soldiers arriving by late trains and left behind, and required to remain all night at the depot Many of these were brought back and sheltered. ■ " Others again, landing from Cuba at the wharf opposite the depot ex- hausted by the grave privations and hardships and the ten days' sea journcT following tjpon the arduous and deadly stay in the Cuban climate and th'e abors incident to the management of the war. were required to march from the landing place up the hills to the camp. Many of these dropped froui ex- haustion near our hospital, and to these we extended the same aid and shelter THE RED CROSS as >n the former case. For all c. u ' ^79 ""'■^'^Z^^^''' "■■"'• ""■ ""'-^ -- - -'' 3- We soon found that m r P prevented as far . ^ ^"^ "Medical assisfaL ?' ^^^ received the horrors and pX Jfr '"^'''^ ^^°- ^-SrupJn '^^ '^^^ ^'^-^"^ -- (the soh' r^dLi'r."'"" '""^y ^^d suffered ,fd7 T"°^'^^ °^ ^^^ ■^"ch health and strenl ' "''^"'"'-^^ '" our hosntn K ^'"^^^ ^'"^ '" «"- -turn to their re^LXtr "'^'^ ^"^^'^ ^^^ o^o n'"T^. ^^^^^^ ^o vvas often magniLZn ^l T ''^''''''' *« do this!n H r ^'"' ^°'"^«' *« Brotherhood lea 'ue t, . . ^' '^'PP'^ *o other ho'V ^" °^ ""^^^ '""ess J^ was a curious el JS ''"i'" ^^^^^ -'^^t be ST "" '"^--'ional ber belonged to the F f "-'' °^'^''" ^"^°or naH ^^ "'"'" """^^"^ <^-«es. We extended oTtd ^'P'""^ "f *e Inte™"! ^r'"" "■" «"' about .oldfers. °""°- -'-f, help, fo„d, ret ^d t'el^*"''-^ league. £C''rJ:ttr d" *' -~'zn„r '-''• "- ^- ^^e " " =1 ould be add/d « 7'"^' *" ""ees ten at "f""'^'"-' '° *a, at ^ «™ge co„l„H "* *" fo'- «Uier, ,„„ Zll f ""=,f ""al hospital. I ! S ^1 I I i 1 CHAPTER XXVIII. Trophies and Mementoes of the War. HE National Museum at Washington sent a number of special agents to Porto Rico, Cuba and the Philippines for the purpose of making collections illustrative of the war, and of the present pliase of American history. It is a lamentable fact that the Government possesses scarcely any memorials of its past military struggl'j-, and, save for the Grant relics, contributed by W. H. Vanderbilt, the rebellion is practically unrepresented in the great national repository of curiosities. Such souvenirs are too apt to find their way into the hands of private persons, just as the bell of the battleship Maine is said to have passed into the possession ot a foreign consul at Havana. Uncle Sam is very desirous of securing before it is too late a collection of memorials of the Hispano- American conflict that will possess great his- torical interest in days to come. It is realized that just at present this country is passing through an epoch of its development which will be regarded hereafter as most notable, and the period ought to be illustrated as completely as possible by a permanent exhibit in the National Museum. This exhibit will be ethnologic to some extent, representing the native peoples of the Philippines, Cuba, and Porto Rico. The Philippines, of course, are specially rich in such material, being one of the least known regions in the world. Many of the tribes in the archipelago have never seen a white man, and are ignorant of the rest of the world. In Porto Rico, objects will be gathered such as will most suitably present the picture of the primitive arts of the people. The disturbance of war has set afloat great numbers of heirlooms which have been handed down in families for hundreds of years, and these things are often of high value as curiosities. Shut off on an island as they have always been, the Porto Ricans are exceedingly primitive in some ways, and have advanced along lines pecu- liar to themselves. They have made their own machinery, their own arms, and their own household utensils. Examples of these objects must be obtained before they disappear with the coming influx of American civiliza- tion and Yankee improvements. The same remarks may be made with regard to Cuba. As for the Phil- ippines, one thing that will be done is to get to work with divers in Manila Bay. In this way, a thousand and one things of future historical interest will 480 TROPHIES OF THE WAR. 481 first right in thes« premises, but T;,!! c ttf^'^H T'™°' "■""'^ '""^ ""' purpose of the National Museum Lee ll'' ' " '=" '° ^^''^'the Dewey, Schley, and Sau.pson for „„»„„,! ""^'"'"' "'" ''' ="'*«=='' t" to Hobson. Things are wanted that wiM T"""" "' '"-"-'ves; likewise Spanko" war and L .nerwho „!„ h nT" '''"""'' °' "'= " ^-'"">- an increasing interest as tLTgoIs „„ "'' °' ""'' "'"" "'" P"-"' ■nc Jed'irr'eSri;;:::^"^ i*;^*-' '7'=^ °' "-^ --^ -" "= apparatus used by Hobson in \T. u 7 "'"""^^ *° ^^^"''^ ^O"^^ of the will be objects of in^et l' C S^^eT^ ^^ ^^""^^^ '°"'^- T^^ not be forgotten-everythin^ hat wil h 'n'^ i"-fated Maine will swords, pistols, machinlgui r^un^ons'o f'^'n' '^P"'^''"'^°^ ^--P^^' injured or burst. ^ ' '"""'^'°"« ^^ ^11 sorts, shells, and carnon. ethn JI^ J^;:;:;-:: ;;;[ ^^^r thf ^^" ^^ ^^°-- ^^-' ^" ^^e of Filipinos and Cubans. There w 1 Ibl a t "^"'""^"'^ ""' "' ''"P"'"'^ with Sampson's fleet lying in wait ol^ T.f .°^ '^' ^''^°'- °* Santiago. •sh squadron hiding iLi ZZ:::^ ::^Z''''''''' ''''' °^ ^^^ ^p'"- Types of War Ships. =en.i„rt,:e";::X'artyper oT^r th ""' ^'"f " """^ -^"'"^ -P- during >he war-say a bSesh.^TcrS^aZr^''".''" ""'"^ «'=•« are built by the Construction Bureau of , I, ''° ''°'"- S"'h models Washington Navy Yard fton^ e origina XnTI? tT ^ l''"'""^^ '" "■' S2.000 to «8,ooo apiece. They are ol. T / """■'''■ ="'""8 f™"> the foot, so that the model of the Cnl K °' ""''''"">' of an inch to The Navy Department budssu ha 1117''^ '" '"' '"»«• war ships. For example, there will L „ r '» represent each class of its ordered. Every detail of he erl^ ,h *! """ ''«'e-shios just downtothesmaIlestpar°softl,fr„s ■: " "7''""^='' "■ *= "iniatire, rour inches long. The little boat,f ' stfam I'alch'"" °" ""J' ""'^ '' J"^' are as carefully made as their orisinak V it"' ^"""^ °" ""= decks of l>eavy steel bars-are reproduc!" *' ■"""= »-<*e'^-gratings There^Jiirb^samXTf^rvrrrot' wLVT '""'""' ''" " "^P^^' *■> e.snfr.a!!" thf^ «=- ! i various kinds of gunpowders u.^d in th- u-n ' --=*»'/ ine Smoke ess nowdprs ^,r\^■,^u . . ^ '■^'■-' ^^^r — -pe. some — ss ';owti T^ li^ sS ^j b;orra;;:r: il !l III 482 TROPHIES OF THE WAR. like strings of India rubber, and so on. Half a pound of each sort of powder will be shown, and the most interesting of the samples will be a charge for a i -pounder gun recovered from the Maine. Submarine mines raked up in Guantanamo Bay in a barnacle-covered condition will be of interest ; likewise a Spanish rapid-fire projectile captured at Cavite. A few relics have been forwarded to the museum by Rounsville Wildman, our Consul at Hong Kong, one of them being a piece of a 6-inch shell that smashed the Spanish commandant's house at Cavite on May i and destroyed over |!ioo,OCX) worth of property, killing five men. Hall of American History. The Spanish-American collection is to be only a part of a great per- manent historical exhibit that is being prepared by the National Museum. It is intended to establish a Hall df American History, which will illustrate the story of the development of this country from the earliest times. The display will have a sort of synoptic form, so that the visitor will be able to follow it as a series of chapters is read. Upon the left, on entering will be a statue of Lief Ericsson, the hardy Norseman, who is believed to have landed on the shores of America before the time of Columbus. Next will come a model of one of the caravels of Columbus. This part of the exhibit, illus- trating the period of discovery, will appropriately contain a fac simile of the famous geographical globe made by Martin Behalm, at Nuremberg, in 1487. The date, be it observed, was five years earlier than the discovery by Columbus, and so there is no America at all on the globe. This seems very curious, indeed, inasmuch as Europe, Asia and Africa are delineated with nearly as much exactness as on a modern map of the world. There are all the familiar names of cities, such as Cadiz and London, and even Spain is marked off into provinces as to-day, but there is no America. All that stands for it is a big island, and in the midst of the wide ocean occupying the Western hemisphere. Edgar A. Tabbert, artificer of Company E, Seventy-first Regiment, New York, is the proud possessor of some unique Spanish relics— souvenirs of the gallant charge up San Juan hill, on July 1st, that made the fall of Santiago certain. Relics from the Cuban campaign are plentiful, but they are usually in the line of arms, munitions or clothing, while some of those possessed by Mr. Tabbert are unique, as they are the keys to the block-house which was the immediate objective point of the Seventy-first Regiment as it hurried up the San Juan hill at the opening of the Santiago fight. After the Spanish soldiers had fallen back and taken shelter in the first i "'*•" TROPHIES OF THE WAR. Iter in the firsf line of trenches in the direchnn «f c .- ^^^ house, and finding the^^ to H^hu/et^^^^^ '''''''' ^"^^^ ^'^ '^oC- as a reh-c of the fight. He then went to X T "' ^''^ ^PPropriated it >n a partly demolished lock the corner nf l^^u 1°°'' ^"'^ ^'^"''^ ^°""d ^ key ^plosion of a shell that struck near t A^t f.'"" ''°"" °^ ''^ ^^e key. bending it and making it all the more1„r";'^ '^' '^'^^ ^^^^ ^^ruck the "I think more of these kevstL '""l^'^'^'^S as a memorial. said Mr. Tabbert. " for they are out of thTus^f v'' '^°"^'^* '''"" ^uba," boys tned to beg and buy them from m but r '^ ?I '''"• "^^^^ °^ '"^^ Even the officers were after them, and some reL "''" ' ""''' ^'^^ th.-m. to put a price on them, but I wouldn't ^ ^'"^ °^"" ^^"t<^d me " Here is a watch that I Pot T«- ic . u fob chain and small steel hoLhof a^ft^htd'"' r":^'"^ '''"^'- °"^' ^'^h a whose hand I found it held it with his death 1' " . '^ ^^'""'^ ^°^^'^'- '" ch.ef in which were wrapped a few Spanth'siir' "■ ' "''' '' ^"^ ^ '^'-<'^'^^- body. and I took the handkerchief cmn' ? '.°'"'- ^' ^'^^ ^^ bury the and wm give them to whoe^tstre "o ^^^^^^^^^^ '^^ ^'^^'^^ ^n.er^ "I also have an iron stirruo that T tnoU r ' ^ ^'^ claimed, house, and a money-belt that was sho^o-fsn '^^''T '^""'^ '" ^'^^ ^I-'^- cut the belt killed him. I also hive two 'ch'T "''"'"• ^''^ ^^^^ ^^at aprjvate and a large one that belong^ to " offiT^r";'" *^'^" ^-- the keys." ^^"^ ^° ^n officer-but I think most of nf.u fi Our First War Trophy. Mason, ut;frsSLrLrC1,,tl''\r™^ "-^ »»■ ^-a™ E. »-or. I, ,-, the CasUIian flag wh "h floated' d^fi-n"" """ ''"""'>' P- CavUe fores and arsenal at Ma^nila ^uuTlL^f' "'T""= '"•«""' "' *= squadron. " ""^^ '=*■ "> *= face of Admiral Dewey's After the bombardment and surrender fl,,. fl mannes from the Olympia, and shortly ther^fcr A."" ' ™ '^ ' '"'">' "^ flag to Senator Mason in recognition of hr™ . ^ '" " '""'>' ^="' *= of Spanish intrigue and treachfry n ,he 5l .'' '"' "''"•"''^ denunciation T-s «ag „.s ta^en (after the des,ruct';o„ ^ftCspanish fleet) from the I w 484 TROPHIES OF THE WAR. nil forts and arsenal at Cavite after the bombardment and surrender, Manila Bay, May I, 1898. " This is sent as a token of our esteem for your patriotic utterances in Congress with regard to the Maine disaster, which sentiments had a ready echo in the heart of every bluejacket serving under the Star Spangled Banner. " Very respectfully, your obedient servants, (Signed for the ship's company.) " J. S. EcKSTROM, Chief Master-at-Artns, " W. W. Creagh, Chief Yeoman^ The flag is ten by fourteen feet in length, having in the center the coat of arms of Castile, with the lion rampant and the castle tower. The bars are three feet wide, two red, the centre being of a faded yellow. The flag is rent in numerous places from pieces of bursting shells and rifle bullets, while the bunting is dimmed here and there by blotches of Spanish blood. Senator Mason enthusiastically declares that he prizes this victorious trophy more than his seat in the United States Senate. To have so moved the hearts of an alien crew — none being from Illinois — in the far off Philip- pines 1 Surely, he says, " One touch of nature makes the whole world kin." A Porto Rico Boy for a Mascot. Nearlj. eve y company that saw service abroad and was ordered home brought back with it a mascot. In some cases, it was a monkey ; in other cases, a pig, more often it was a dog. A Pennsylvania company, however, imported a Porto Rico boy much against his will. Alcadco Debedu, fourteen years old, a native of Ponce, was induced by some of the Pennsylvania troops to go on board the transport Mississippi \ .Ji them when she was about to leave Ponce. The boy was brought to New York on the steamship. When the soldiers disembarked at the Pennsylvania Railroad pier the boy, who was much frightened and very homesick, refused to go on the train. He cried bitterly and after a while became hysterical. Some of the railroad men sent word to Police Captain Cox of the Gregory street station. The captain had the boy brought to the station. The boy said, through an interpreter, that the soldiers told him that the ship was only going for a short trip and that he would be taken back home in a few hours. When the transport got out to sea and the boy learned that he had been deceived he became frantic and cried continually. Captain Cox communi- cated with Captain Goudie of the Mississippi, and was informed by the latter that he would take the boy on the ship on the chance that she might be sent back to Porto Rico, and that if she was not sent back he would endeavor to !-1:K TROPHIES OF THE WAR. endeavor to 1, u- '*8« have him sent home on some other steamshio Th^ h., the interpreter, was sent down to the Mississi;'! but Capta'^n GnT""' '^ on board and the officer in charge refused to receive hL'Th^K '\"°' taken to the Oakland avenue oohce st;,finn T^ ^"^ ^°y "^^'^ ^h^" Wyatt. He was a bright 7nteflt„t tlZu ^ '"' '" ^'^''^^ ^^ ^^^r°" his home a few days late Hfsh , ""' ""'^ ^"^ ^^'* ^° '<^«ve for ..Tts of money an^o:hf tLg^fwh^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ f^'^^ \' ^^""^^^ .anians, who were anxious to mke amends "^ "'^' '^ '^' ^^""^^l" Quizzing Relic Hunters. New York harbor in some wTv^V. Sampson's squadron retnrned to board Co„™odorc'aiH;rS'wnit?'"' '"^ ""= ^^^^ '^^ "" they had found on board the w IXd |dI 1 '^'"^ ""«^ <"" °f »"v" coins had go. some of the rings the^ befotad'h™: ^n the" """" ^'^ when they reached shore Then th^r<. , ^"*"' P"^'=^ ^'"o^nd of the silver was bUcken'ed a^d'^fs^ by L^bTthto'J "I"'', "o^' dear as souvenirs. ^ ' *"'^ °"^y "^ade it doubly h King's face under t'rbtk. I was ^ne^f the" fi"',' '"' '""'" '" «■' ^"^ Teresa. There was a man „.J . ""■" """ °" ''""'•d the Maria hand. He was ZrnedTa rfs„ ', ' '"."""" ""= ""'« '"^-^ - his the burned deck. I heard some l' ^Tf ' P"* ='"'' "'" '"= «■=« on •• How much 2z,Tr;::zro: :" z'^^W"' '•'-'■ when she had got over s'hiverin^atttenarra^r' "'=' " "'"'^ ^'°"<"' .hat foi'f s':^ bord°.hen"'"' ""' "■"'•^ ' ="'" -' '- f-- y- If the Admiral don't eat miss HII h^ r.. c , . ^^'^• got out of that ^600, he'll lose mol h IT u' ^" '"''^"^ ^'^^ what he blockade." ' ' '"°'*^ *^^" *h« thirty pounds he lost on the " Oh ! that was stealing ! " 486 TROPHIES OF THE WAR. " Maybe it was, miss, but you're one of the thieves then." " How dare you?" " No offense, young lady, but that $600 has gone the way of that ring you've just put in your purse. Yes'm, that's what we've been a doing with it — giving it away to visitors. I wouldn't a missed it, either, if the captain had let me have my way. I found a skeleton on the beach that had been picked so clean by the vultures that you would have thought it had been sandpapered. I wanted to bring the skeleton home. Wouldn't that a-been a dime museum curiosity ? The captain wouldn't let me do it, though." The Indiana's Punch Bowl. A punch bowl belonging to the battleship Indiana has a dent in it which its possessors would not have removed for any consideration. It is an honor- able scar, received in the war with Spain. The bowl forms part of a dinner service presented to the battleship about two years ago by the people of Indiana. It is a massive piece of silver eleven inches high and nineteen inches across the top at the widest part. It weighs twenty pounds, and has a capacity of four gallons. The whole service of twenty pieces is valued at ^8,000, and contains no less than two hundred pounds sterling silver. Its presentation was made an important occasion by the number of distinguished guests present. The party, including Claude Matthews, then Governor of Indiana, and ex-President Harrison, were received on board the Indiana by Captain Roblcy D. Evans, at that time the ship's commander, and speeches were made by Governor Matthews, ex-President Harrison, and Charles R. Williams, of Indianapolis, the latter being largely instrumental in promoting the project. During the Cuban campaign the punch bowl, together with the other pieces of the set, was stowed away in the wardroom of the ship. At mid- night on July 3rd, while the Indiana was cruising near the entrance of Santiago Harbor, a shell from the Zocapa mortar battery struck near the quarter deck, pierced the armor, and burst in the wardroom. A fragment five inches long and varying from two to four inches in width hit the bowl on the engraved side, but, fortunately, not until its speed was well spent. The dent, however, covering a space of four inches in diameter, is at once notice- able, and is regarded with the greatest pride by the officers and crew. It extends over the portion of the bowl on which the State seal is engraved and a part of the inscription underneath, which reads : "Presented to the Battleship Indiana by the Citizens of Indiana, 1896." On the inside of the bowl, which is lined with gilt, and directly across the damaged portion, an account of how the bowl received its injury is to be TROPHIES OF THE WAR. 487 bowl Said a correspondent a, the Cap W 7 " "' " ""'""« '"' «.c The latest invasion of Wa^lnnfrf^^ l. portion, of the Union inquiries "Cj?^- "" "'" """""'■ f"- -!■ ■nouth and some by le„e?, for par'cular ", T' TZ "' '"="' '»' "O"" "' war captured by our army from t^e Su,„ d A ^"^°"^ "' ""»"'"'= <>' unwilling ,0 trust to the ho el ^f tCZ; **"' "' '"= ""' '"""<=- "» «n souvenirs of Santiago and «,e ik buf.he """'' '"'"'• "''" P">f"» '° ■ne that if the Government wo , et a'par, s I '""" '" " ' ''"'"' '"'' a. .t may not need for its own use and "ell .H ''T ""' ^"""''^'nts authenticity, they would con,ma d 'a good mlrS "'i?,' ""'""'= "^ "■- mated that a Spanish rifle which hJZ f'- ' ■"" "™ "=«" "«- works against the assaults of our toop^Zld'b '" *''"'""^ '"^ "'"'y'' purchase a new rifle of the best ^:^ZZTa:!,TsZ7' ""' '" Condemned Arms and Ammunition, in other words, it is believed that th„ r„ stock of captured arms, obsoletTammun ., " n T"""'"' ""'" '"''= "« '»«« advertising, dispose of them for enourt L ' ^''""'"''■^''•>. with a httie new and modern materia, wh! o'm be pu^;:'" rn'r^'™'™' ''°^'' '< our own army. There would be a precedent folT f P""'"' "=« '" has;rsutetX'o;rr;ettistt:rd?=^" r-'« ^"'■' - »« possible to pick up an excellent '"^""'a'='°'^y dev.ce. In this way it is often factory, for fwo or'thl^e ell l" wh tc "i^lf L r""'"" '' ""=" " '"' *= fir.t hand for le,,s than ten mel as „uch r ?= ™P°-''"'= '<> P«=hase a. cavalry trappings, etc., are ofteTsoW Thus for a"m""' "'' "°-P-'<>'». by ready-made clothing dealers and oth- V , '""«' ""<' ^'= bought to their customers as s!„ven r7of or or! " """'"'"'=• "''° P^^" "-L •■Other lots are boughtT coll^^t"^ ."""""■ '"^^= P"^''^^^- ■nuseums, and also by jufk and cu o d" ™^ '' 'P'=""">' "^ f''™-Wng a-d battered enough'.^o lend a^o "rf tr^ tl'th" ';\"t "'^^"=™'="' purportmg to give a truthful account of 2 h ? ''' P'"='' """'"" they have figured. Another trade which » '''°°'^>;.="S=8e'"ents in which . the period when more efl-ective proS, v^eTr '"?' '' ""' «"'=. '^out for cannon and mortars in fortifioa" ons 1 '"P^'^fng the old iron balls - posts. ,t would havepaid ^^:::z;:i:f:-:^ ::^- 488 TROPHIES OF THE WAR. from the pecuniary point of view, to have gone into the business of buying big mortar-balls at wholesale and selling them at retail for the ornamentatioh of entrances to gentlemen's rountry seats. "General Flagler, chief of ordnance of the army, was advised by the ord- nance officer at Santiago that our Government will come into possession oi about 20,CXX) small arms of all kinds as the result of the Spanish surrender. Orders were issued that these weapons be placed at once on shipboard with- out the delay of packing them in cases. This was done so that the men who had to do the work would not be detained needle..!. ly in the fever- infected district. The arms were brought to New York and pbced in cars for ship- ment to the National Armory at Springfield, Masr,. The ordnance officers put them on board the cars w'thout packing them in cases, merely taking care that no gun should interfere with another. The reports from Santiago showed that there were but 8,000 Mausers in the stock of rifles surrendered by the Spanish. These were cleaned at the Springfield Armory and stored there, at least such of them as could be fitted for further use. The other guns may be sold, but the War Department officia' ~^ profess to be not particularly aiixious to advertise that fact, as they say they have had seme unpleasant experiences with relic hunters already, though they do not specify wherein the unpleasant- ness consisted. Government Gets Sm.all Arms. "The property turned over to the United States at Santiago included, besides the Mausers, almost every other existing type of rifle. The latter the Government will in all probability make no effort to use again. The cartridge- belts, also, which became the property of the United States, will be of little service. They are arranged to carry the cartridges in " clips " of five, and are not serviceable with our guns. In the Krag-Jorgensen rifle the cartridges are placed in the gun one by one, and the gun is so designed that it may be used as a single loader, the magazine being detatched or " cut off" for that purpose. Our cartridge belts are deemed superior in style ; and even in the event of our adopting the Spanish type of belt for uniform purposes, there are American designs which in construction surpass it in all the qualities desired in such an accoutrement. "The Bureau of Military Information has prepared some interesting com- parisons of the weapons used by the United States and Spanish infantry respectively. The Krag-Jor^ensen rifle has a calibre of .3 inches, while the Mauser has a calibre of .2;^6 inches. The barrel of each gun is in one piece, with wooden handguard. The weight of the Krag-Jorgensen, empty, with bayonet, is 10.324 pound.s, and that of the Mauser 9.687 pounds. Both have the knife bayonet, the Mausers being an ounce lighter in veight than ours. TROPIIIKS OF THE WAR. .s 2.000 foot-seconds, and that of the Mauser 2 , 8 T. th ^'-^^^ T" ranpeofHi,. i horror rr^e^:^th:^:;^:-:^-:3fr"^^ po...e and o.ects tt .-n;irtL":tr^roi;'rti:^ A Handsome Ornament. front of the helLt. It t tn ,wo ' ie ° "^^ '' " ^P'""*" ''"''s--- ""'" '" with a fan.like baeking, and"he ?o' l"/' *=,'°'' """^ '^P'^enting a e„,w„ rounded by a wreath in terced w,h ,? T "''" ''""" ' ■''"''" ""'- Ultra; These pieces fi togothJand T T" "'"' " °" "" ''-"» ' '''"^ makes an exceedingly h„ndfomeo™l n't He' TT '" "" "='""='■ " shield cut out, a couple of sword beH i, 1° ^" " '"""'" «■'* the Crown Artillery and ?he other t^thfr"'""! ""'""^'"f^ "> ">--■ R"yal Krag-Jorgense^. Springfield a„dR,iL7o7'"',"''; """""'' "'"'= "»-"• called .poison buifets.^so InJinat: if o"bS t'' ^^^.V^ d '""^ '''^' '"■ po.son, as some suppose but bein„ n,=H. r >, , ^>^ ''" ""' contain duce blood-poisoning. One of he Mat ■J*"''' "^"* ""■' '"'l''""- K the powder is taken out of . TW 1!"""'^" " ' '"""'-y- That to practice with when learn nr, h^ / , ,'?'""'""'■' "» 8'ven to the recruits <» also well supp'rd ^'10'^^^:'":^^?," "'■ "'■ '^'■'*^" package, and each package contain" r.cfgrlT. Ttv"''.',^^' T" = be...g wrapped in a tobacco leaf instead of pane Thclf T ' •°'"''"'' ara;t:ur^f::^--ra:r:o::rT^^^^^^^^^^ .he engravings upon tht-irrwTih^^rCnX::::;^^^^^ neeaiti":s~t "tpLr sl"^ ^^f^f^^^T^^^Z way down the lower half \r ft "■ ^ ""'"'' "^^We slips part -rewing on of the top of he c^: The^ha't'd ' ""'■ " "''' '" "'^-Vtle P tne case. The hat-decorat.ng habit did not number M 1 n ■ H .. 492 TROPHIES OF THE WAR. r ri iS > H, Mr. Kimball among its victims, but, on the other hand he became a member of the Society for the Illustration of Pipes. He has many and various illus- trated pipes— one of which is sketched from two points of view. Some shells be picked up at Ponce are beautiful in their delicate coloring, while others have a bright red spot in the centre." A Story of General Miles. In the place of honor in the studio stands a handome photograph of General Miles. "That," observed Mr. Kimball, quietly, but enthusiasm lighting up his face—" that is my ideal of a soldier. They say he is pompous, self-indulgent, a carpet warrior ; but I know belter. I saw him at Ponce, and I know he is not so." Then, after much coaxing, he continued, " Oh, it hap- pened like this, you know. The horses were still on the transport, which was aground outside the harbor, and we had to go in details to look after them. The one I was assigned to was waiting on the pier for a lighter to take it to the transport and relieve the one on duty there already. Suddenly we heard piercing shrieks, mingled with Porto Rican oaths, and there appeared a boy of about ten or eleven years old, who was chased by a couple of men, one of whom kept up a fusilade of stones and execrations as he ran. The boy, who wore only a shirt and pants, fled screaming up the quay, and unhesitat- ingly plunged head-first off the pier and into the water. The men followed, and the same one coolly continued heaving rocks at the child m the water| and, had he been a good shot, would undoubtedly have killed him, " The boy was an expert swimmer, however, and, diving, came up again under the pier, where he clung to the piles in fear and trembling. Mean- while the sentry had arrested the man, who still held a huge stone in his hand. All this had happened very quickly, but not quickly enough to escape the eye of the commander-in-chief of the American army, whose headquarters Were near the scene of action, and he now sent word to bring up all parties concerned. " Before the messenger arrived, however, I had scrambled down to help the boy, who was being buffeted by the waves and banged up against the very shelter he had sought. He had pulled off his little shirt, in case he had to swim for his life. The tears were streaming down his cheeks and his teeth were chattering with fear. He was the most miserable-looking little object I ever saw. He tried to get further away from me at first, but by dint of re- peating 'Americano' and 'not hurto you,' which was the nearest to Spanish I could get, I managed to get him to understand that I was a friend. Still he hesitated. "Then I became inspired with a happy thought; I offered him three TROPHIES OF THE WAR. 493 T^^^tr'^"^':, ^'T'^'] ''""-'y ^'^ -^ -y ^i^. and the pien I had to go too^a on'e of th t^^^^^^ '^°" ^^""^^ ^^'^^ -ched been led to infer J expected I should /nd^ From what I had housed, but what I found wa« a 'maH t. ^'""^ ^"""'■'°"^'^' ^"^ -" and two wooden chairs TheVl /^""'J^^'" ^°"^aining a small desk sat in one chair and he inlte" Te' d """'rn°' '" ^"'^^^ ^^^^^ -my The General chewed tobaccnnd ^'■^:^''""^ °" ^^^^ '^^^ ^^ -"^^her dow behind which it waHC °?J^^'°"^">' "P-^^-ted out of the win- at the throat, a leathern be ted pafr of b LIT ' . """' "^^"'^^^ ^^^'^^' °P- Hardly a 'dude.' eh ? ^ ^^"' ^'"'^ ^''^^^^''^ and a pair of boots. °°® °^ *^® ^'■'"^ °^ Children. arc not >vise. They do not klZZl T r I '«' "■""^ "^ ^'"W™ "ho The man had made him work Ir^oh „ !, "' ^""^ P'^'^'^ '" f"" °f *em. had been sick and could Zt'^ut^lZTZ^", 'T'' ^"^ ^°^ away, upon which he had followed himLTl fl'" ■""" ""'" ''= '•^'' The man admitted he was notortously bad ten,„ T " ?" """"''^ ' ^' '""'• little hasty, perhaps. General Tl 'f .^ '^"'' ""'' '^'■'' ""^ had been a promised tha'he /hould havele ipotuTitr/be™ ' *'' ^"'""""^ ' -" future in a military prison if t„T '^ becoming more leisurely i„ inquiredwhatregim^T belong d to andT,r"''' "" ^°^- ™en'he """^ ^t'/r ;r t'j-: «-- A ;rerruitrwrier '"= '""= '="- received'rfL';tts I'tZXr.':"',''"'"? ^^ >"'- ""^'^^^^ "= shortly before „e left/and iTnTtaowS be"' Til^' "' "'^^PP--" pot-luck manner in which General ml °^ '"'"■ '*'" *= ^^e- abou, and his lack of pom";rt;?h l^I^ ~^ T "' ^ "' "■™' impression no amount of advers/rr,>; • '"^^'^'"S "'e— a pnvate— made an the only impression of a p^To I ",^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ '■'"r " ''°' ^^^^ ^^ ^^-^ perhaps, it is one shared by Ba tt; A to^ We w '"'" "'' '^^' ""'"■^- the road from Ponce to Port au Ponce " wh.Vh ' ^"'""^ " ^°"^« °^ "On the pia.a stood one o tL p^, e't^^^^^ course, a pure Castilian type, and on her ZlTl ^ ?"" '^^- ^''''^'' °f black ostrich feathers in it Jler dre!, , ''°''' ^ ^'^^^ ^'^^'^ ^at with were touches of blue 1 L rnZ V"" ''''"'' ^"' '' ^''' "^^^ and waist -^.._..- , ., , ^- ^ '^^^ rose was thrust thmimt, u^^ ...u . . , ^'"^ covered the porch beneath which she stood ^h. 7' u ":, ' ''''^ '"'^^ a body, but individually she would no even nott ! Th"r"'""' '' "^ '' nonce us. The boys waved their 494 TROPHIES OF THE WAR, hats and tried to make her smile, but she probably misunderstood their motives, and returned the attention with a haughty curl of the lips and a scornful flash of the eye. We all looked back at the bend in the road and the last I saw of her was as she dropped her head upon her hands and leaned heavily against the railing. I felt sorry for her-and-and-well here's a little pencil sketch I made afterwards." ' c T,,^,'"?','"'! ^^^^'^' °"^ °'" *^^ ^°^°''''^ "°°^^' ^ho accompanied Battery A of Philadelplua, during its Porto Rican campaign, brought back with him a bright little Cuban boy- Francisco Gonzalez-who was with the Battery during Its stay in Porto Rico, and who accompanied the organization on its return to this country. Gonzalez is twelve years old, and he is a great favorite with all the members. He cannot speak a word of English, but he has an intelligent face, and is pleased to breathe the free air of America. His parents Qied just before the war for independence was begun by the Cuban insur- gents. He was cared for by an old Cuban woman, who took him with her to Porto Rico when this country declared hostilities against Spain. Boy's Good Fortune. The old woman, who had been a veritable mother to the boy only con sented to part with him when assured by officers of Battery A that he should have the best of treatment, and be given an education. The lad is not the least bit homesick, and is pleased with his new surroundings. Bagley will take him to Newport News, where he will enter the family of Bagley's sister Among the many pets of military camp life which the boys brought home from the war, perhaps the most curious is the baby 'possum of the First Pennsylvania Regiment, which belongs to Private Al David Estoclet a mem ber of Company F. Private Estoclet has named her Miss Chickamauga but the boys call her "The Daughter of the Regiment." She attended every drill, guard mount, or dress parade that her owner participated in during her sojourn with the soldiers, safely stowed away in the breast pocket of his blue flannel shirt. What she doesn't know about soldierly bearing and correct discipline it is said is not worth knowing. One of the soldiers brought here on the Relief, and sent to his home in the West a day or two ago, had with him a long pasteboard box which he had carried all the way from Cuba. He had been in the battle of El Cancy and was shot in the knee and one arm, but he managed to hang onto the box' although he had little of his kit left. To the patrol sergeant and driver he showed what he had found, and within the box was about sixty Mauser bul- lets, a number of fired shells, a part of an officer's sword-hilt, an infantryman's hat, and a handful of buttons, given him by Spaniards. ' CHAPTER XXIX. ^es of Famous Nurses on the Battlefield and in Camp ^"^ DISTINGUISHED soldier i„ the Civil War retirin. f n ' gress to again assume a military .«.,,\.^' retiring from Con sained new laurels in th^ w "^^^^^^ live because of his own acht ^^T ^"* ^'^ "^'"'^ ^'J' "ot sacrifices and hardships o his daughter T'' "' '"' '°'' *^^ ^^^°^-". our soldiers from San'ago t^Monl k T ""ZT"'''""^ ^"^^^^ ^^-^ hensible tragedy that affer he brte deed 7!. ^"l'^^^-^ «"^ '"^°'"P- the daughter, young LieuteLn WheS ^ft^/^^^^^^^^ Santiago, should be drowned at Mon Julp ? "'"^ unharmed from me, "cuba."'^' " -respondent wrote about wf. WheeW, who. he can,;t:rc:bra:raS:j;^r.h;d-^''"'''^.'" "-^ '^'"^ «* °f *e K-low fever cases were nu.be^d b^ ,0^^ 7h t' '" ''"^ '^"'' ""-"^ saving the lives of others carinr n„, r .J '^ '^^^ ""'■''« toiled, of sleep would conquer wm'power p "' "T ""'" =''''^"^''°" ""d 1°»» stoo- all her own. \ tell o„r„f whaf FZ °"°, "'." ''"°'"" <<«=-« > ^urrender of Santiago, and 1.1 lll^^, IZ'.^'- ^'-'-' "'- «■= and had llXTl/Tin^lutSrj;^ ri"r°"" ^^ *= --- days when the medical staff and ho-^i J," ' ^'st terrible and bloody totally madequate to the needs of the'ft '''"'P"'"'' "' «■= army had proved was possible, she joined her father G-' l »?","'"' '^'"•'' "' '"O" as it tenant. ■„ the field, at the ivarvW, "',*'"'='"■ ="" h" ""other, Lieu- them both in illnesl ^ headquarters near El Caney, and cared for the eI Creytadlrthe Rt^htr^^^ ''' ™*-'^ ^-«^^°. ' «=>= out the trenches to the bealff:i tll^X;!?' :"■=" *='' "-» -"-^ f™", ■•egiments of the cavalry divisbn w^,S r ^Zl" ''"'""' *= ^^'ent four miles of road were ^n ^^rribtondiUr' ^""" '''"'"'"'''■ ^^ in "P torte*;h";i"e''ar:,rt°e '"" I'r' -^ *'''= "-- p'-^^^ ■ d to .he hubs, and a red-faced sweating teamster cursing wifttLS 496 : -^'^4^' •ft , , -' ' ■ » r-^^ ::,-^-...- :'-r.. ■■i • A-;:-K*^ .^y- t. ^T i rS^* ^.,^it 1 t '. t - • A^?.->:*; .-: ♦ 496 SKETCHES OF FAMOUS NURSES. and abandon of a past master. A horse must flounder, stumble, and pick his way along at a walk, and steer between bottomless mud holes and tangles of barbed wire, which has been torn out from the lines of obstructions staked out by the Spaniards. " The streams to be forded were not deep, but the steep banks had been cut up by travel until it was even betting whether one's horse would bog his forelegs and fall or not. It was bad and dangerous riding nearly all the way. " But a couple of hours later there came riding through the Rough Riders' camp a fresh and dainty-looking American girl, who had braved this road from Santiago, escorted by only two bronzed regular troopers, who rode behind her. But this pair of blue-shirted, sinewy troopers, sabres and car- bines at side, revolvers in belt, would have cheerfully died before allowing any harm to come to Miss Wheeler, the daughter of their commander. An American GirL "An American girl out in this valley, filled with thousands of rough ragged, fighting men, withip sight of blockhouses and trenches, where they had seen their comrades die; a mile or so away a captured Spanish army huddled in camp along the San Juan valley by the graves of friend and foe- well, just to look at an American girl, as trim and attractive in shirt-waist and straw hat as if she were out for a morning gallop in the park, was to doubt one's eyesight. " If she had explained that she had just dropped from the clouds, the statement would not have been doubted in the least. The sight did' the troopers good until they fell pensively to thinking of other sweet and dainty girls in shirt-waists and straw hats, who were far from the road to El Caney, and who would never come riding through camp of a morning with a guard of cavalrymen. " The work of nursing had only begun with the caring for those wounded in battle. They were shipped North on transports as expeditiously as possi- ble. But sickness began to surge through the camps in great black waves. Those days and nights in the trenches exacted their penalty. " In the division hospitals at the front it was impossible to furnish the comforts which the sick require, more and more so when the sick rolls swelled to more than 4000 cases per month, the great majority of them the ' Calentura,' or malarial fever, which makes of a strong man a limp, wasted, yellow spectre in a couple of weeks. No nospitals had been established in Santiago, where public buildings could have been used for the purpose, because of the fearful sanitary condition of the city, and the great amount of sickness among the inhabitants. SKETCHES OF FAMOUS NURSES. «• Tk» "'"""'^'^' 497 inere was one suitable Inr^Hr.^ u lished the coolest, cleanest. rnostit;i:T'"f/"" *'^^^ "^^ "^^b" Cuba. and Miss Wheeler was placed^^ch t ' r Th'^'''^ '" ^'' ^^^ ^"^'-"^ of was owned by the Santiago Yacht CInff , ""'''"S" ^he building perched far out over the water, always bree- '"'''"'"' *='"^-^°"«e came through the spacious danaChal, ^''''''''''i'' -"^ cool. The winds ^ " The little wav'e s lappedTe'i^^^^^^^ b nfl "'!l^ ''^ '""^" °^ ^^^^ -- the sick soldier, and out in the h.rbor th T^ "'"'"'""^ed a lullaby to always coming and going. Whi J Le s Z'l' '"' °' ^^^"^^^^^ -« American women nurses in fresh blue go In sn ^^^^^^^^^able iron cots, the askmg. food delicacies daintily prepa ed 'and ? T '"' ^P^°"^' '^ ^^r Paradise to the sick soldier brought in from tlL fi M 7'' ^'^ ^''^'^ ^ ^'^ -^ none of those things, and he had been Zinl '^^"'/^^^ ^^ere had been -th only a blanket between him and thVjr.foatdt^r '" '" ''"^^^' ^e" Equipped Hospital. under a r^fT tl^^sSg^S ^h^r ^^ ''' -'>' ^^ W-'ta. always occupied, and the^ork was t ^-nTo 7" '"" ' ^""'^^^^ '^^^ women who did the nursing. Many a Se r "'/''''"^ °" ^^e brave the yacht club, and on its w^de and^lL d no' T"' i" *^^ '^"^'"^ ^^-^1' of 'n the city were falling victims to the ever in l"'' ?^ ^^^^^'^^ °" duty was unable to furnish cots enough a„d I 1 '" f"" "'"^ *^^^ ^^'^ hospital stretched out on blankets on the fl^or oe h.? h ^" P^''^^'^^ ^ere sick men morning until lo at night, Mi^s^hX^^^^^^^^^^ bore the responsibilities of authority and ov^l'lt 'T^^'" P^^'^"^^' ^^ store of energy, and the work was infin.^elv .vlf .• ^' '^"""'" ^^PP^^ her " Miss Wheeler took the sorrows and ^. ^^^austrng to mind and body, to her heart, and more than once h r els S " 1 H'' ' '°^^ ' P^^^^''^ voice as she told me of some brave you.lfelr'j'^''^ ""'^^ ^ «°b in her away, and who would not live outTe day S ! "'^^ "^^ S^^P'"^ 1>>« life .m.s carried in where the best of cae awaited T ""'"'?'''''''' '° ''' ^^e vie- too late, and no earthly help could statTh! I ' °" '^ *° ^"^ '^^' '^ was -re few deaths in 'Miss Wheel^r's^^^^^^^^^^ ^'^^- «"t there Good care and proper food puled neadvaT'f ^k" ''' ''''''''' ^^^^^ '•^• these^th,ngswe.e better for thL than m'dict '"""^^ '^''''^'^ ^^ -itma::!:^^-— ---^^^^^ shadow as it f^H ...^.. .,,..... . ;'°'^^"ce Nightingale, the sold.Vrs kis^e-l hJ „ over, and the troop., were being shipped i 498 SKETCHES OF FAMOUS NURSES. North, when she accompanied General Wheeler to Montauk Point, wher.e she cominued her mission of mercy. " In the midst of all the heart-rending stories of suffering and neglect among the sick soldiers, it is pleasant to make this mention of one army hospital, concerning which only praise can be said : an oasis in the Santiago desert. " Certainly Miss Wheeler and ' her ' hospital will live always in the memory of many an American soldier and correspondent, who was cared for at Santiago in the Yacht Club over the water of the blue harbor." Miss Helen Gould. No one woman, perhaps, accomplished so much for the comfort of the soldiers, without accompanying them to the battlefield, as Miss Helen M. Gould, of New York. Daughter of the late railroad magnate. Jay Gould, she is many times a millionaire. She started by giving the government out- right $100,000 to be applied to the expenses of the war. She then turned her attention to sending comforts to camp and in equip- ping relief expeditions for the army in Cuba. She was a large contributor to all the relief organizations, including the Red Cross, and personally employed for several months a large number of women at her place at Irvington-on- the-Hudson in making bandages and hospital clothing for the sick and wounded. When the camp was established at Montauk Point, she vvas its minister- ing angel and personally became responsible for thousands of dollars' worth of comforts for the sick in the hospital. She visited the camp daily while it was in existence. Two young women of wealthy parentage who went out as Red Cross nurses were the Misses A. and E. Caroline Kopper, daughters of Colonel Frederick Kopper, a well-known New Yorker, whose son served with the Seventy- first Volunteers. For generations the Kopper family has been named among the wealthy ones of New York. Both of the young women are independent in their in- dividual real estate holdings. Their personal interest in the lives of the soldiers is probably derived from their father, who entered the militia in 1861 and continued in service until a few years ago, when he retired from the Na- tional guard. Instructions in the duties of Red Cross assistants were received daily by the Misses Kopper and they passed a rigid examination before they provided themselves with the regulation Red Cross uniform and announced themselves ready for duty at the front either in Cuba or the Philippines. That they SKETCHES OF FAMOUS NURSES. might the better be prepared for fV """' ^^^ Spanish language und'errroiX;^!^^ '''' ^°°' "^ ^^^ ^^"'^^ of the Secretary Long's Daughter in lour charminer volunte<»r<: -.f fu xt Navy Yard, the Amfrican gW "or ' .„' '7 ""^O"^' '" '"= New York joining example. For o„e!a,„„,l ° T "" ^°"^' P""^"-" >''" a daughter of the Secretary of the NavT t'LT."^'^ 't'-"' ^i- Helen Long, cla33mates at John, Hopki,,, UmvSiv Ihe T """= ""= "^'^^ '-S^ m=d,ci„e. They were allof good L H^lnd !,. ftf "" '''''"S " ^-^-^e in to assume their duties as nurses ^' " '"»'"'"'« of ease and luxury They realized that the course thev hid Z'^ T '" ="""'• =" »f '!•=■„. child's play, but at the same t Le X| i e .iTetTd T '"'■ *^"'"''=' -'» "» that they were doing a good workl i^ '"= "^'""faction of knowing modestly ten yon.sho'uld you be so feu natrsT: °' T""^' '"^ «"" gammg a valuable experience in the l°l of th J" *™' """ ""'y «»' four expect to become physician, '^"'' '''"'™ P™«='<=n. For all *dn.;'t:L":„tgt"abruHt*';oassTmrt;: r --^^ ■- -"^-^ *- *ey Wl you that a-e/were mere J Jpenl ''f/'.^""^ "^ «- ««- They wo„ d experience would be beneficial to'^.hemVhe'.r"'"'" '^'^'"""^ "''"= "-e ?"oi:.e?=ot1:--^^ - Of alimb. But they ^erf „otS„~o"h,ir;- d'lTcC .0 tafrht;:; tturdTCt'o's:!:':- th'^r -- ^-^ --- about the shady hospital erounds vo , ,?f ° "" "■""= "'^ "r hobbiL hospital ship Solace 'had 122 a lot of 1 7 "'"" " *'^"'="' '='- ^hf Long and h'er cXantrVhflX „7.f t °' '■■' ^="'- "^ «- tendency to under-estimate their s^^tef "^ ""'""'"'^ ^"^ their believe that, after all, their se„ es weT TV""'' """"'''' """" '=« ""= to anybody. But ask any o^C^Z^l^^^ tT ''""'°"'"" '° Bve. one of them, to a man, swore by^ rrou'-ng-^ One 11 600 SKETCHES OF FAMOUS NURSES. bronzed young fellow, with his shattered arm in a sling, drew from his bosom with his remaining good hand a withered rose. He tenderly held it up for inspection. " Miss Long gave me that," he said simply, " and I intend to keep it as long as I live." It was his first day out in the grounds. One morning, while lying on his cot. Miss Long entered the ward with the rose at her bosom. She stopped and spoke a few words of cheer to the wounded sailorman, smoothed his pillow for him, and as she moved away dropped the rose into a glass of water standing on the little table at his bedside. Do you think that chap would ever pari with the rose, the gift of the daughter of the Secretary of the Navy? Not for its weight In gold. The four girls offered their services in many little ways that endeared them to the sick and wounded jackies. One of the men told how Miss Long had written a letter home to his mother. Another told of how the young ladies would sit and read to him. And still another told of how nicely they had packed the trunk of a comrade who had been discharged a few days before. It is in these little attentions that they won the hearts of the sick and wounded. All four of the young women wore the regulation nurses' costume. They were on duty from 8 o'clock in the morning until 6 in the evening, and had night duties to perform. Two of them were assigned to the tubercular w&rcis* A Regular Army Nurse. Miss Mary A. Koeller was a regular army nurse on duty in Porto Rico. " I have been a regular army nurse ten years," Miss Koeller says, and one looks at her in sheer wonder, for her face is that of a woman of twenty-five. Her eyes are large, and there is a tinge of sadness in their expression. That Miss Koeller looks upon duty as if it were to be always spelled in capitals, is evident from her part in the recent war. Through it all she nursed the wounded and ill at Fortress Monroe, and when the war was over her ceaseless efforts had left her ill in turn, worn out, and in urgent need of a rest. Mrs, Miles obtained a furlough for Miss Koeller, and she went with Mrs. Miles and her family to join the Commanding General in Porto Rico. As soon as she arrived, however, the army nurse took her place among the sick. She labored in the hospital day and night, almost without rest, and then came the long trip home. An extended furlough awaited her there, but Miss Koeller went to Fortress Monroe again, there to take up her labor of love. When she tells one these things she smiles a protest. " There will be time for rest by and by," she says, " but now all are needed. The business of war is terribly interesting ; so absorbing that one SKETCHES OF FAMOUS NURSES. trT/eVadderlhan beforl^' ^''^'' "^"'^ "^'' °^ '^' ^'"^r "urse looked just a poin^^r ZZT'''^::^^,^:; :r":r.^'" ? '"^^'^^^ ^^-^- brought us much that we knew nothinl of h!r r^^' °^- ^^^ ^^-^ ^^^s each case, to notice the small diffl^cfs to /t !' " '^^'^'"^^'"^ ^° ^^udy . Yet Miss Kooller does not iook S o . ''' '^^"^ °^ '^^^''^■•"-" tionsof a dying man's pulse One hLr\° '°"'' "^^'>'^^ ^^^^ ^-^^^^ finding flowers to make a'sick room pltt^ m" Tu '' '" ^ ^^^"•^'-- "P a trammg school in Philadelphia She ravel w"' ""''f' ^^^'"^^^^^ ^^^"^ returmng. entered the regular army. "^"'^ "''^""^ ^^^^ ^^^Id, and. oroiiHK, *"cif ''^^"'^'■'" she says, "a trained armv niir.;^ " ^ ^ proudly. She has words of praise for th^ v.i 7 ' ^""^ ^^^ ^^ys it she says she is glad that she is a rLuTar '' °' '''' ^''^ ^rossf but " I have watched the work nf th^ close range i„ Porto Rico Thel hav"T" 'f"^ *'" "^^' ^"^ ' ««- it at done all they could do." ^ ^'"' ^°"^ 'h^^'' ^uty-that is. they have pointtst int^d;stt:':er"°"'' ^"' ^" ^-^ -- ^° ^- her stand- Miss Eli '^^ ^^^® ^* ^'^'** ^^®^- mer student at\he West Chestt"mlnn °^ ^'' ^^'''^^ ^'■'*'' ^^o was a for- in the hospital at Fort Myer Tn^HS;;^":^ ^ '^'°°'' ^- ^ — very busy just at present with thTtwoVur h" '"'" ^'^ ^"'^ -^ " ^^ -« expect to be through with the work htet 'f""^^ '"^^^ ^^^-k. but parents from somewhere else, which sn'Jkev .' 1'" "'''■^' ""'^^^ ^^ ^^^^ my war experience very much It isTl . ^ "^P""- ^ ^^^^« ^"Joyed The men are very grateful and aonr. J "'' '' ^"°^ ^^ t,-"^ ^ "-eal so dL My Santiago her'^fs I cal, them ' "' ' "^ "^'°" ^°"^^'- the regulars. ties. "?h' :„e"m:„"i X:!:trulatt:: f r-^^' ^^^ --P. -cl the bat. to help raise the Stars and Str^s abL u ^ "'-'"""^ "" "'"^^^^ "^" the men are genuine sollrfbattr. th 7 "'^^^^ In most cases which requires more courala^d na " ' ^""^ ^'"^ "'^^^^ of sickness, McKinley paid us a visit several ^ f," ''^''"'"^ " *°^"- P'-esiden and nurses." '"^"'"^ ^"^'^ ^^o, talking pleasantly to the oatients Dr. Anita Newcomb McGee was fi,« « 4. communion from Uncle Sam Shi w»! ■™'"'" '" -==i« a mihteo^ C02 SKETCHES OF FAMOUS NURSES. York early in August, Her first duty was to select thirty women nurses for the army in Porto Rico. In speaking about her commission, Dr. McGee said ; " It carries the rank, pay and quarters of a second lieutenant, but I must wear a second lieu- tenant's uniform, which I am now having made. It will be the same as a regular officer's uniform, except that I shall wear a skirt instead of trousers. The skirt will be of army cloth, and the jacket like a man's, shoulder straps and all. My com.mission is for a limited period, to be renewed as my ser- vices are required. It will not alter the work I have been doing as a member of the Red Cross since the war began." The Endless Chain. Early in the war. Miss Natalie Schenck, of Babylon, L. I., became the heroine of the largest endless letter- hain scheme known in the world. To raise funds for relief work, it occurred to her to forward letters to her friends asking them to send her a dime and to request a half dozen of their friends to do the same in their turn. The return was astonishing. A paid corps of assistants could not attend to the work and she was compelled to give notice through the press to send her no more money. More than $J 0,000 was raised in this way. Miss Martha L. Draper, daughter of Dr. Wm. Draper, and prominent in New York society, was matron of the Red Cross Hospital in Charleston, S. C. Mrs. U. S. Grant was president of the Women's National War Relief Association, which sent nurses and supplies to all the field hospitals. These nurses were nearly all immunes, and being trained nurses, the Association paid them the regular trained nurse salary. Among the contributions received were suits of pajamas, bandages, night shirts and immense quantities of other goods from Miss Helen Gould. The articles which were sent to various hospitals, were made by needy women in Irvington-on-the-Hudson, to whom Miss Gould paid liberal wages, In a letter to the association, Mrs. Ellen Hardin Walworth made a re- port of her work in Fortress Monroe. She said she arrived there when the first of the wounded soldiers were received. In addition to the regular hos- pital, a brick building, Mrs. Walworth said there were twenty-four separate tents, each containing twenty cots. She said that the rations supplied were good, but unsuitable for invalids, on account of the cooking. The services of the French chef sent by the association were, therefore, gratefully received by the government. Mrs. Walworth's letter continued : " This morning I was talking with a surgreon, who said an officer was unable to start home, because he could SKETCHES OF FAMOUS NURSES. 603 not go away without crutches. The government does not allow them to take crutches away, nor arc they allowed to buy any. Luckily, just as I was having this conversation, an expressman canic up with an extra pair ol crutches you had sent. I turned them over to the officer, and he was able to leave for home to-day." Fifty pairs of crutches were sent to the hospital at once. Another woman warrior was Josephine Rizal, one of the leaders of the rebellion against Spain in the Philippines. She was married at 20, and when she had been a bride for only one hour her husband was executed before her eyes by the Spanish. The deed aroused widespread excitement, and was one of the causes that led to the assassination of Canovas, the Spanish Prime Minister. The frenzied young widow swore that she would avenge her hus- band's murder, and that Spanish lives by the score should pay for his life. She went to Aguinaldo at rebel headquarters and requested permission to enter the ranks, which was granted, and from the first she fought with a reck- less dash and courage that made her conspicuous in every engagement. At last she fell into the hands of General Primo de Rivera, who in recognition 01 her bravery, released her. Later he repented his chivalrous generosity, and Spanish soldiers were sent to follow and capture her, but through the warning and assistance of friends she escaped to Hong Kong. Olara Barton's Love Story. Mrs. A. B. Fox, formerly a Washington woman, now living in Illinois, in a recent letter to a granddaughter living in Washington, became reminiscent about Clara Barton. Mrs. Fox knew Clara years ago, when she was a clerk in Washington. She says : " The pleasantest part of a Washington winter centred around a young girl named Barton. She was of medium height, slender, and had a figure that indicated great powers of endurement. Though not practically beautiful, she had dark, expressive eyes that were very attractive, and she possessed,' unconsciously to herself, great powers of fascination. Her voice was low,' soft, and of such extraordinary sweetness that we would sit for hours listening to her. She was devoted to some philanthropic work she was doing, and she picked up sympathizers readily. " That winter she had come to Washington from Massachusetts, and had received a position in the Patent Office. She was employed as copyist, and in six weeks she told us that she had been put upon the more responsible work of abridging original papers and preparing records for publication. In those days there were no typewriting machines, and Miss Barton had to write all by hand. She wrote a clear, round hand, and her books were marvels of neat- !! 604 SKETCHES OF FAMOUS NURSES. ness. She was much in demand in the Patent Office, and all the nice pieces of work were laid upon her desk for the finishing touches. This made extra work, of course, but Miss Barton liked to work. "One evening we asked her to join us at an evening revel, but she said she had other work to do. We asked her if she had to work evenings ; she laughed and said no, unless she chose to do so. Then she put on her hat — a fl?l one, with a ribbon twisted around it — and a cape, and went out. " She was gone until 12 o'clock. I happend to be in the hall when she came in. ' Aren't you tired ? ' I asked her. "'No,' said she, 'I am not. I was tired when I went out, but I have helped two women and that has rested me.' "And then it came out that she had been working nights upon schemes of benevolence. She had entered into the cause with an enthusiasm that was quite sincere, and often amusing. She helped with her purse and with her personal influence deserted wives, destitute women, orphan children, boys who wanted to get into business, men who had failed in business, and all others who were in trouble. She was keeping this up and doing her work in the Patent Office. " But what has this to do with her love story, you ask ! Well, in the house that winter was a Southerner, a young man of fine family, who had come to Washington — on a Govt rnment mission. He was getting a good salary and was in Washington society, more than the rest of us. Daughter of a Leading Oicizeu. " He took a fancy to Miss Barton. At first she amused him ; then she interested him; finally he admirr 1 her. He was of proud family, though, and I shall never forget how systematically he went to work in his love- making. " He wrote to Worcester county, Massachusetts, and ascertained that her father, Stephen Barton, was a man of character and position, who had fought in the early days of the Republic, and was known throughout his State for his sterling uprightness, devotion to law and order — in short he was a a leading citizen. " After he ascertained that the lady of his admiration was worthy the proud name he bore, this cool-headed young Southerner set to work to win ' Clara Barton, " It was pathetic to see how he watched her and waited for he When she came home from her work, often after the dinner hour, she would find fresh flowers in her room, and after dinnt;, .vhen she appeared hatted and t loaked, ready for her evening work, she would find him at the door SKETCHES OF FAMOUS NURSES. fiofi begging to accompany he.. At first she took hin, along. a..d very useful .he ound Inn, as she told us next day. His ready purse, his good judgment and h.s physical strength supplied the very qualities which she needed. Hut alter awhile we noticed that he went out with her less. • " mt""' S' ^T !"'. '''^'" *° ^'"^ "'""^y- ^"^ to take a less cheerful vevv of hfe. We asked Miss Barton what was the trouble. She flushed and tried to turn the subject. Then we knew I "The evening n.issions were getting to be too much missions of love and oo htt e missions of work, and Clara Barton would never sacrifice her work to her love She liked him-we were positive of it-but she would not give up her work for him ! *» "Soon the .Iministration changed, and Clara Barton-stranee as it now seems-was ousted. Her vews were not in keeping with the Adminis- tration Perluips she was a l.ttle indiscreet about that time in her utterances, but in the light of later achievements, she can be pardoned "We never saw the young hero again, for soon afterward he went South and when the war broke out he joined his regiment. OflF for the War. romptly at the beginning of the war Clara Barton 'enlisted ' She was in Massachusetts when a regiment of wounded men came home and after seeing them made comfortable, she determined to follow the army and help others. ^ " We were told by a friend who visited us in Washington that winter that once on a Southern battlefiel.i, Miss Barton came across a wounded man He was lying with one arm across his head, a cruel hole in his side She bent over him to make him more comfortable. Then she put his arm'down so tha she could put a drop of nulant to his lips. He opened his eyes' and a look of indescribable happiness came over his face. He sighed and breathed his last. It was her Southerner. They were united at last ' " Miss Barton went home after she lost her position and nursed her father. Then, obedient to his last instructions, she entered upon the work of nursing as a profession. The war offered her the best field, and her results were so satisfactory that she went from one battlefield to another until her name became known even before the National Red Cross sprang into exist ence. She was cool in the crack of guns, and cared nothing for dress or latigue. " A great many men fell in love with Clara B.^rton in the war of 1861- 65. but none ever loved her as miselfishly as did our Southerner in Wash- ington, that winter." \ 50G SKETCHES OF FAMOUS NURSES. Jf? To a bright and winsome miss of twenty years, fresh from the Sunflpwer State, belongs the distinction of having been the only American girl to follow the boys in blue to Cuba, and to make her way to the front against many obstacles and by her own exertions. Elsie Reasoner is the name of this plucky little heroine. She does not look a day over nineteen, and is a trim little body, as dainty as a bit of rare Dresden china. Miss Reasoner was born in Kansas, in the midst of daisies and sun- flowers, and is a splendid example of the bright, cheery, breezy, self-reliant girl of the Western prairies. She writes well and she talks well, inheriting these talents, perhaps, from her father. Judge Calvin Reasoner, at one time a prominent editorial writer of Leavenworth, and later connected with the Chicago press. As a conversationalist and story-teller he has had few equals. Was Called Foolhardy. When the Spanish-American war broke out Miss Reasoner was at Omaha in charge of the Bureau of Publicity at the exposition. With the first sound of the bugle she was astir, and determined to go to Cuba to see for herself what a real campaign and a real battle were like ; in fact, as she confided to the writer, " I had read what General Sherman said, that ' war is hell,' and I was seized with a desire to investigate on my own account, and see if he rea'.ly knew what he was talking about. " I first sought some encouragement from publishers, but got little. You see, hardly any one thought it possible that I would ever reach the scene of the conflict, and most of my friends and acquaintances who knew of my inten- tion either laughed at me or tried to frighten me. One publisher, for whose magazine I thought I might write an interesting article descriptive of my experiences, wrote me that my proposed undertaking was 'positively absurd and foolhardy.' However, I persevered, and in due time sailed from New York for Kingston, bearing splendid letters of recommendation from quite a number of influential public men. " I had one to General Miles, one to General Shafter, and several to officers of the fleet, from Admiral Sampson down to captains of the fighting ships. From Kingston I went by rail to Port Antonio— a beautiful spot, by the way, and one about which very little seems to be known in this country. After waiting there some time the Red Cross steamer State of Texas came over for ice for our \younded soldiers, and I was permitted to board her and go on to Siboney." " Then you did not witness the destruction of Cervera's fleet ? " " No; but I saw some of the remains, and mighty suggestive they were of the skill and prowess of the American navy." SKETCHES OF FAMOUS NURSES. 607 " w ?r/'u^ '"PP°'^' y°" '■^""^ attractive?- V=ra„da3 in front, all pain.fd bIn.Tnd st "^ a 1 "' "" ''"^' """■ some things to admire Rnt tf,^ ,.! " *° interest and ^^ Did you go into the interior beyond Siboney ? " Uh, bless me, yes, indeed I did. I went som^ m;i»c u ^ r^. visited the hospitals just back of the viilarand thl ' JT"^- ^'"' ^ of miles. I got one of those queer litUe Sb "n h ses hat'had b°" T""''' ' long fmeon cacti and other delicacies of tirsoTanHH . ^'"'"^ ^ hospitals near the front I visited . 2. ' ""^^ """* *° ^^^ ^^^^ Here is one now a snap sho^fl n T.^ '"°''' '"^ '""'^ many pictures, on an improvised cot y^atfeLw^ aI« > Mr w«ll kept ? " Hospitals ? Were they clean and General Sherman About Right gentle, and seemed to know ju t whlno do ^^ t^ ""'7 ""' ""^''''^ >"<< was particularly tn,e of the Red aorhosp.^a""" "' ""'" '° "" "• ™^ ' Did you see any real fighting?" nflesour boys carried. I was near enough " s e someof ,„T "'r war, and to realize that doubtless General Sherman Ldr^ ! ^°"°" °' just as near to the thick of the fi„h, JT '"'""'^" ""'' " »l=oi" "ght. I got me to go." ^ ' "' "■= commanding officers would permit ••Did you see our great hero, 'Teddy' Roosevelt?" of them^deai a"d"othtf wtX' 'Idlhar "^1 "' "'l '™°-="' -- nookof a Spaniard ..ng dearon r^^ TetsTi^^rot::'::^ 508 SKETCHES OF FAMOUS NURSES. from his perch in a mango tree, had been picking off some of Roosevelt's men. A big, burly negro cavalryman finally located the Spaniard, and brought him down, badly wounded. Without looking to see if he was dead or alive the enraged negro raised his rifle and battered the sharpshooter over the head until he was dead. There he is, just as he lay when I passed the place. You see I got an excellent picture of him. " Oh, yes, I saw funny things, too. I saw a Cuban sell a horse for half of a pineapple and a piece of tobacco. " I saw six-footers of the Michigan volunteers, who had fought Spaniards almost hand to hand, run like deer from undersized land-crabs. " I saw General Shafter — three hundred and some odd pounds — riding a diminutive Cuban horse." Cheerfulness the Key to Victory. " On the whole," I asked, " what iof the sights you saw made the strong- est impression upon your mind ? " Miss Reasoner thought perhaps ten seconds. " Two things," she said, " one quite as much as the other. First, the deplorable mismanagement of the transportation and commissary depart- ments, and, second, the wonderful cheerfulness of the soldiers amid great hardships and sufferings. I never saw such a body of splendid fellows, and have no idea I shall ever see their like again. Why, I saw young men in some of those field hospitals desperately wounded who were cracking jokes with one another. I met pale-faced men, hardly able to walk, making their way to the rear for treatment, whose only complaint was of their hard luck in being hit so early in the fight. So far as I could judge, the mismanage- ment of the Santiago campaign on land was something awful ; the bravery and cheerfulness of the rank and file were something glorious." Miss Reasoner was unfortunate in leaving Cuba only forty-eight hours before the evacuation of Santiago. m POETRY OF THE WAR. The many dramatic incidents of the hundred days' war, were not only an msp.rat.on to patriotism. They inspired poetry, much of it of a very butin?-T uT- ""'^^ ^ P"'°'"=^' '" '""^ ^-"^^y -f-'- fro- burstmg mto song, while every incident from the " Matanzas mule," up to the great achievements of Dewey. Hobson, Schley and our Brave Soldiers had b th^W "'''''■ '^^' '"°"°'"'"^ """^ *^P'''^ illustrations of verses inspired REMEMBER THE MAINE. WHEN the vengeance wakes, when the battle breaks And the ships sweep out to sea : When the foe is neared, when the decks are cleared, And the colors floating free ; When the squadrons meet, when it's fleet to fleet ; And front to front with Spain ; From ship to ship, from lip to lip Pass on the quick refrain, " Remember, Remember the Maine." When the flag shall sign, "Advance in line, Train ships on an even keel;" When the guns shall flash and the shot shall crash. And bound on the ringing steel ; When the rattling blasts from the armored masts Are hurling their deadliest rain. Let their voices loud, through the blind- ing cloud. Cry ever the fierce refrain, " Remember, Remember the Maine!" Gods sky and sea in that storm shall be Fate's chaos of smoke and flame. But across that hell every shot shalf tell- Not a gun can miss its aim ; Not a blow will fail on the crumbling mail. And the waves that engulf the slain Shall sweep !he decks of the blackened wrecks, With the thundering, dread refrain, " Remember, Remember the Maine !" Robert Burns Wilson. A TOAST TO COMMODORE DEWEY. At a dinner given to Commodore George Dewey at the Metropolitan Club, Washington, November 27, 1897, just before he started for the Asiatic Station, the following prophetic toast was offered, and received with enthusiasm. FILL all your glasses full to-night ; The wind is off" the shore ; And be it feast or be it fight, We pledge the Commodore. Through days of storm, through days of calm. On broad Pacific seas. At anchor off the Isles of Palm, Or with the Japanese j Ashore, afloat, on deck, below. Or where our hi'.l! dogs rosr, To back a friend or breast a foe We pledge the Commodore. 609 610 POETRY OF THE WAR. We hnow our honor'll be unstained, A/here er his pennant flies; Our rights respected and maintained, Whatever power defies. And when he takes the homeward tack, IJeneath an admiral's flag. We'll hail the clay that brings him back, And have another jag. FOOLISH QUESTIONS. I SAW a sweet young motiier with Her first born at her breast ; "And what's the baby's name?" I asked Of her so richly blessed. She looked at me with pity, as She proudly poised her head : — " We call him Dewey, sir, of course," In tender tones she said. I met a dainty little girl Who led a kitten by a string, And as I stroked her head I asked : — '•What do you call the pretty tiling?" She looked at me with wide blue eyes, And, as she went her way, *'I call my kitten Dewey, sir," I heard her sweetly say. I met a curly headed boy Who had a brindle pup ; "And what's you're doggy's name?" I asked, As I held the creature up. He gazed at me in wonder, and He proudly cocked his head : — '• I call him Dewey, sir, of course !" He pityingly said. I stopped beside a rustic stile. And heard a milkmaid sing a song; "And what's your bossy's name?" I asked The lassie, as she came along. She looked at me in mild surprise, And, as she strode away, "Why, Dewey is her name, of course!" I heard the maiden say. THE HERO OF MANILA. DEWEY! Dewey! Dewey! Is the hero of the day. And the Maine has been remembered In the good, old-fashioned way — The way of Hull and Perry, Decatur and the rest — Wlien old Europe felt the clutches Of the Eagle of the West ; That's how Dewey smashed the Spaniard In Manila's crooked bay, And the Maine has been remembered In the good, old-fashioned way. Dewey I Dewey ! Dewey ! A Vermonter wins the day! And the Maine has been remembered In the good, old-fashioned way. By one who cared not whether i The wind was high or low As he stripped his ships for battle And sailed forth to find the foe. And he found the haughty Spaniard In Manila's crooked bay, And the Maine has been remembered in the good, old-fashioned way. Dewey! Dewey! Dewey! He has met the Don's array. And the Maine has been remembered In the good, old-fashioned way — A way of fire and carnage. But carnage let it be, When the forces of the tyrant Block the pathway of the free ! So the Spanish ships are missing From Manila's crooked bay. And the Maine has be-in remembered In the good, old-fashioned way I Dewey ! Dewey ! Dewey I Crown with victor wreaths of May ; For the Maine has been remembered In the good, old-fashioned way; And flags that wave triumphant In far off tropic seas. With their code of symboled color Fling this message to the breeze : " We have routed all the Spaniards From Manila's crooked bay. And the Maine has been remembered In the good, old fashioned way." POETRY OF THE WAR. YANKEE DEWEY. YANKEE Dewey went to sea, Sailing on a cruiser, He toolc along for company, Of men and guns, a few, sir. Yankee Dewey ; Ha ! Ha ! Ha ! Dewey, you're a dandy ; With men and guns and cruisers, too. You're certainly quite handy. ^^,f ailed away to the Philippines, With orders for to snatch them, And thrash the Spaniards right and left, Wherever he could catch them. And Yankee Dewey did it, too, He did it so complete, sir, That not a blooming ship is 'left Of all that Spanish fleet, sir. ' Oil Yankee Dewey, you're a peach, A noble, gallant tar, sir; You're " out of sight," you're out of reach. We hail you from afar, sir. We greet you with three rousing cheers. For you and your brave crews, sir: toi the deeds you've done and the vic- tory won, For Yankee Doodle Doo, sir. Yankee Dewey, keep it up, You certainly are handy, ^'r!l "i^" ^"^ suns and cruisers, too. Oh, Dewey, you're a dandy. O. H. Cole. HOBSON'S DARING DEED. INTO the blackness of tropical night 1 Over the dark swelling water that I'av With deatn in its bosom and fear in its sight. While cannon belched down on the horrible way — Without tremor or sigh, O er the mine laden deep Where the shark's dark fin gleams iwixt tlie rocks rising steep, i Hobson sailed with his crew. I 511 Where guns' fiery tongues flaslied piercing the wrack, " Close followed Powell their perilous way. With eyes strained with love he looked out on the track, Perchance he may rescue and bear them away ! When the dark shattered hulk 'Cross tlie channel has keeled, With the foe fast shut in And the great harl)or sealed May they yet come back safe. Back ! there is only a flash in the gloom • Ihe dim crown of fame death holds in ills grasp — They won in that signal, a long thrilling boom, ° And over the water a silence has passed er the bomb's fiery crest Througli the torrent of fires, I'or the flag that they loved ^^i.^"*^. ^^^ ^"'"'^ of tiieir sires, 1 hey faced death with a smile. Deed that shall live while yet human hearts burn ; Say, shall the youth that so matchlesslv strove, ^ Back to our longing hearts ever return, lo wear the bright leaves of the laurels we wove ? Shall the flag that they love „,y«t wave o'er them again. With Its blue, starry field, For the dark bars of Spain, And we greet them once more ? POBRE MULA I rjUNNERS, best on God's footstool ^ Led by middy fresh from school. Aim a monster shooting tool At the heart of bpanish rule- Misrule. Spitting fire, but keeping cool. Reel off death like thread from spool : Make each trench a bloody pool Blanco cables, " Killed a mule.'' Dam Phool I Joe Grismer, 612 POETRY OF THE WAR. THE BALLAD OF "TEDDY'S TERRORS." AS RELATED BY ROUND-UP RUBE, OF RAT- TLESNAKE GULCH. THERE wus a lovely regiment whose men wus strong and stout, Fer some, they had diplomas, and fer some wus warrants out, And Wood, he was their colonel bold, an' Teddy was his mate, And they called 'em " Teddy's Lamb- kins," fer their gentleness wus great. Now a good ole man named Shafter says to Teddy and to Wood : — "There's a joint called Santiago where we ain't well understood, — So, take yer lamb-like regiment, and if you are polite I think yer gentle little ways 'L set the matter right." So when Teddy's boys got movin' and the sun was on the fry. And the atmosphere was coaxin' tuem to lay right down and die, Some gents from Santiago who wus mad 'cause they wus there. Lay down behind some bushes to put bullets through their hair. Now, Teddy's happy Sunday School wus movin' on its way A-seekin' in its peaceful style some Dago? fer to slay ; And the gents from Santiago, with aver- sion in their heart, Wus hidin* at the cross-roads fer to blow 'em all apart. There's a Spanish comic paper that has give us sundry digs — A-callin' of us cowards an' dishonest Yan- kee pigs ; And I guess these folks had read it, and had thought 'twould be immense Jest to paralize them lambkins they wus runnin' up agains'. So when our boys had pretty near arrived where they wus at, And the time it was propitious fer to sjart that there combat. They let 'er fly a-thinkin' they would make a dreadful tear, An' then rubber-necked to see if any Yan- kees wus still there. Now you can well imagine wot a dreadful start they had ""o see 'em still a' standin' there ana look- in' bold and bad, Fer when this gentle regiment had heard the bullets fly, They had a vi-lent hankerin' to make tJiem Spaniards die. So Teddy, he came runnin' with his glasses on his nose, And when the Spanish saw his leeth you may believe thry f.oze; , lid Wood was there 'long with 'im, with his cheese-knife in his hand. While at their heels came yellin' all that peaceful, ger.tle band. They fought them bloody Spaniards at their own familiar game. And the gents from Santiago didn't like it quite the same — Fer you plug yer next door neighbor with a rifle ball or two An' he don't feel so robustous as when he's a-pluggin' you. So when the shells wus hoppin', while the breech-blocks clicked and smoked. An' the powder wouldn't blow away until a feller choked, That regiment of Yankee pigs wus gunnin' through the bush. An' rainin' merry hell with that there San tiago push. Then Teddy seen 'em runnin', and he gives a monstrous bawl, And grabbed a red-hot rifle where a guy had let it fall, And fixin' of his spectacles more firmly on his face. He started to assassinate them all around the place. POETRY OF THE WAR. So through the scrubby underbrush fror„ iiru y " ' •^''^"f '° ""ee, Where the thorns would rip a feller's pants, ashockin'sight tosee, He led his boys a-dancin' on, a-shoutin' left and right. And not missin' many Spanish knobs that shoved 'emselves in sight. And when them Santiago gents wus fin- ished to their cost, Then Teddy's boys, they took a look and found that they wus lost. And as their crewel enemies was freed from earthly pain, Ihty an sa. down to wait fer friends to lead em back again. That's the tale of Teddy's terrors, and the valiant deed they done But all tales, they should have morals, so o course this tale has one So paste this idea in yer cage, wotever else you do, Fer perhaps you'll thank me fer it vet T,, 'before yer game is through : - The soldier-boy that wears the blue is gentle-hke and meek, But I doubt he'll mind the Bible if you _ soak him on the cheek ; An should you get him riled a bit, you want to have a care Fer if he ever starts to fight he'll finish- Liawd knows where I Stephen F. Whitman, The antiquated roue \Vas "done- to death " by Dewey • Oil ! an ailmirablc admiral is he ! ^ Thus it came to pass when this Spanish ass Cried aloud in boastful pride AndfSl^''''^r"^r>°"'-U"cleSam!" And that s where the old mule died iNo man, it is said, saw a donkey dead : I o mules this does not apply. Full o shot and shell one mule went to hell. And the whole world saw him die ! Three cheers for "our John i" 1 he man who slew the Don 1 liat Spanish mule we ne'er again shall see 1 he antiquated roue Was '' done to death " by Dewey ; Oh ! an admirable admiral is he ! Stanislaus Stance. THE ADMIRAL AND THE MULE. CROM Matanzas fortcameasad report, H„^ ,-n i- .r^'^ees a mule have slain !" Hut in this they erred, his death was de ferred. The mule, killed later, was Spain len centuries long had this mu'e"gone wrong ° For .want of a good, big stick. At Manila John lambasted the Don -' here the mule kicked his last kick ! Three cheers for "our Tohn." „,, 1^^"^ man who slew the Don.' i ha^ Spanish mule we ne'er again shall see. THE MERRIMAC'S CREW. H " w^v.'^"/"'' ^^t '"^" «'"th«^ Merrimac, Who steamed through the gate of hell, Who, knowing they never might hope to come back, ^ p.^^Pvi"'" "'^ '''"S^ "<■ ^''ot anJ shell, Lach with a prayer upon his lips, And awaiting the shock he knew Miist soon or late decide his fate- Hurrah for that gallant crew ! Honor the men of the Merrimac, Who placed their lives at stake— SPANISH ^^'^"■^ e^ve up all as their gaze fell back Along the vessel's wake— Who knew when they reached the channel 1 hat they never might journey through. Yet bore ahead where the death-line led- Hurrah for that noble crew ' Hurrah for the men of the Merrimac, uru ? ^''^'■^ captured by the foe— Who, knovving they never might hope to get back, Went when they were told to go i— Who placed their lives on the altar. As the martyrs were wont to do i— A hero's crown, from tlie leader down. For each of the Merrimac's crew i S. E. KiSER. 514 POETRY OF THE WAR. THE MERRIMAC. THUNDER peal and roar and rattle of the ships in line of battle, Rumbling noise of steel volcanoes hurl- ing metal from the shore, Drowned tlie sound of quiet speaking and the creaking, creaking, creaking Of the steering-gear that Uirned her toward the narrow harbor door. On the hulk was calm and quiet, deeper for the shoreward riot ; Dumb they watched the fountains streaming; mute they heard the waters hiss, Till one laughed and murmured, "Surely it was worth while ri'-hig early For a fireworks exhibition jf such char- acter as this." Down the channel the propeller drove her as they tried to shell her From the dizzy heights of Morro and Socapa parapet ; She was torn and she was battered, and her upper works were shattered By the bursting of the missiles that in air above her met. Parallels of belching cannon marked the winding course she ran on. And ^heyflashed through morning dark- 1. !;ss like a giant's flaming teeth ; Waters steaming, boiling, churning; rows of muzzles at each turning ; Mines like geysers spouting after and before her and beneath. Not a man was there who faltered ; not a theory was altered Of the detailed plan agreed on — not a doubt was there expressed ; This was not a time for changing, deviat- ' ing, rearranging ; Let the great God help the wounded, and their courage save the rest. And they won. But greater glory than the winning is the story Of the foeman's friendly greeting of that vuliaut captive baud ; Speech of his they understood not, talk to him in words they could not ; Put their courage spoke a language that all men might understand. WHEELER AT SANTIAGO. I NTO the tiiick of the fight he went, pal- 1 lid and sick and wan. Borne in an ambulance to the front, a ghostly wisp of a man ; But the fighting soul of a fighting man, approved in the long ago. Went to the front in that ambulance, and the body of Fighting Joe. Out from the front they were coming back, smitten of Spanish shells — Wounded boys from the Vermont hills and the Alabama dells ; " Put them into this ambulance ; I'll ride to the front," he said. And he climbed to the saddle and rode right on, that little old ex-Confed. From end to end of the long blue ranks rose up the ringing cheers, And many a powder-blackened face was furrowed with sudden tears. As with flashing eyes and gleaming sword, and hair and beard of snow. Into the hell of shot and shell rode little old Fighting Joe ! Sick with fever and racked with pain, he could not stay away. For he heard the song of the yester-years in the deep-mouthed cannon's bay — He heard in the calling song of the guns there was work for him to do, Where his country's best blood splashed and flowed 'round the old Red, White and Blue. Fevered body and hero heart ! This Union's heart to you Beats out in love and reverence — and to each dear l)oy in blue Who stood or fell 'mid the shot and shell, and cheered in the face of the foe, As, wan and white, to the heart of the fight rode little old Fighting Joe ! Jaaies Lindsay Gordon. IT'S SPANISH. QUITE SPANISH. VOU KNOW. T"a mS;" '^"'""'"^ '"^^^ '^'"^^ but Thafs Spanish, you know, quite Span- ish, you know. ' lotwis^t out of shape our old cherry tree BrX'e'^'inP^"'''''.^"''*' Spanish, you know And the guns were all fired by exoerts at the trade. ^ experts Mr. Blanco reports, "One mule killed " undismayed; ^ Kuiea, That's Spanish,quite Spanish, you know. ''°%'rknt^°"'''"°^'^-Si-'^h^ '''^" Sha^e^^??;/-^ -^'- ^'^y In Spanish, good Spanish, you know ""^"'ca'lir.-^^s'.''^^^^^"-^^- You raise^ good bananas and raisins and That^s^^Spanish. q,.ite Spanish, you ^"' "'halTtr^" '' ''°°''"^ ^"' "^^^^ And as for that mule story, fie, Blanco, In your tongue "menfimo, '» • big lie, '"^""rosa, m ours a That's Spanish-and Yankee, you know, Phcebe Davies. POETRY OF THE WAR. 515 ^'^'f';f>°"g miles to Siboney^ Ad the road ain't of the best rhats.arenough, God knows between A s rong man and his rest ! " But when^youVo fought through hell aU And your wounds is stiff and sore ^^^''■^_,liuman ammunition. And we're spent like shot or shell- Anflf ''IT'"'^ ^""^ ^he Governmem And they'd ought to treat us we But maybe they get reckless, • And they goes it kind of blind For they knows there's plenty :,ore like us 1 hat spressmg up behind. Oh Uncle Sam I we take your nav But Us eight long miles to Sibonev And wounded has to walk. ^' You needn't spare us fighting, rJ^'",^^ ain't afraid to die- And th'." M.°^ "'°^" '^'''' ''"•■ted now And they'll serve you by and by. ' Caroline Duer. EIOHT LONG MILES TO SIBONEY. JTS eight long miles to Siboney- * You ve got to walk or lie • For the^re's them that's wounded worse'n In the carts that's jolting bv- HTHE SOLDIER'S WIFE. E offered himself for tlie land he loved . Bu what shall we say for her ? ' He gave to i.is country a soldier's ife- rwas dearer by far to the soldier's wfe, AH honor to-day to her] He went to the war while his blood was hot But what shall we sav of her? ' He savv himself through the battle's flame ^^^(;:^J7'''^d on the scroll of feme- What iionorisduetoher? "' °f?r,'^ ^''"^^'^' ^^' his wife did more All honor to-day to her I •' tor dearer than life was the gift she give In g.v,ng the life she would die to saSI What honor is due to her? He gave up his life at his countrv's call. Rut what shall we say of her? ' He offered h.mselfas a sacrifice, AM '^ '"'" °"^ ^'^^" Ws '^^ price All honor we owe to her. Elliott Flower, U6 POETRY OF THH WAR. THAT CUSS, CERVERA. UNCLE SAM SPEAKS. BY gum ! that blamed Cervera 1 I wonder where lu's at ; i never hev' had anything Ter puzzle me like that ! Sometimes he's been ter Miirtini'ine, Sometimes to Curacao ; But just where that cuss is to-night Nobody seems ter know. Some say at Santiago He's fixin' up a plan ; Some say he's in the Wind'ard, And some the Yucatan. But east, er west, cr any old place, At wind ard er at lee — Ef I can jest get at him — Is good enough for me ! I jest can't sleep fer thinkin' Of that Cervera cuss ; An' fust you know tliere'll be some folks A-pokin' fun at us. I've heard 'em hintin' now that we Don't know what we're about. By gum ! this Board of Strategy Is sorter petered out. It's miglity pu:,zlin' what to do On sech depressin' nights, With rumors flyin' everywhere Of these permisc'us fights. An' while I sit here thinkin', Cervera's standin' pat. By gum ! I'll send fer Dewey To find out where he's at 1 UNCLE SAM TROUBLED. By gosh, but I'm ])lum disgusted With the way this thing hangs on ! For they say that our stmtegy's busted An' that cussed Cervera is gone. That he's pulled up and left Santiago Er mebbe not been there at all — Dad blame that slippery dago. He'll keep us guessin' till fall ! Why, the boys was all braggirr they'd got him And wa'. gu.irdin' the hole where he'd hid, An' the papers explained how we caught him, An' the news came direct from Madrid. Consarn that Madrid, an' the fclltrs That send cjut them cables we get I Of all tiie gosh-biamcd story-tellers, Tliem cliaps are the gosh-blamdest yet! Fer we couldn't tell when he departed. Nor guess in what corner to i.ctk. Why, we didn't know even he'd started Till he'd been in our midst fer a week. An' we didn't know then where ho went to, ' An' we couldn't tell where he hed been, An' I recon t'll be Sacramento Where we'll hear from Cervera again. An' I can't do no fightin' for tryin' To capture that slippery russ, An' the starvin' in Cul)y a-dyin', An' the whole world a-laugiiin' at us. For our guns pretty soon' 11 be rusted An' the reconcentrados be gone — By gosh, but I'm plum disgusted With the way this thing hangs on I UNCLE SAM SPEAKS AGAIN. By gosh, they say we've got the cuss In Santiago Bay, An' fulks that's ])okin' fun at us Ain't got a word to say. We thouglit we'd sorter petered out On strategy, an' then, By gosh, we jest ker-flopped about An' petered in again. I tell you that Cervera kep' Us guessin' right along. There's lots o' nights I hardly slep' Fer fear o' guessing wrong. A walkin' up an' down the floor, An' lookin' at tlie maj), To find a spot on Cuby's shore Where we cu'd set tiie trap. I thought I'd send for Dewey nex'. Last night, as like as not. Though Sciiley an' Sampson walked the decks An' kep' the water hot. POETRY OF THE WAR. By gosh, that feller rattled me ^ A dodgiii' in an' out; Twas jest like hunting fer a flea, Ihe way he skipped about. When all at once I heard 'em shout, _ Ccrvera s caught at last ; He s cornered an' he can't get out ; We ve got him hard an' fast ' " An there he was, with all his boats. An there, by gosh, he'll stay Until the starry banner lloats In Santiago Jjay. OUR SOLDIER'S SONQ. "When the destruction of Cervcra's flee became known before Santiago Je soldiers cheered wildly, and, w ?h one accord, through m.lcs of trenches becan S'nging 'The Star Spangled Bann;r ' ^' glNGING ..The Star Spangled Ban- In the very jaws of death! tJingmg our glorious anthem. Some witii their latest breath i Ihestrainsof that solemn music 1 iirough the spirit will ever roll, Ihrillmg with martial ardoi The depths of each patriot soul. Hearing the hum of the bullets i bager to charge the foe ! Biding the call to battle Where crimson heart streams flow! Thinking of ho.ne and dear ones, Of mother, ofch-ld, of wife, They^sang " The Star Spangled Ban- On that field of deadly strife. MT THEY'LL NEVER GET HOME. UNCLK i,AM, JUIULANT. *■'" a',]!; '""W-""' "=»» i» from A„dc„khi„,i„,i„H,,i„,h,.,„,,,,„^ And cl„„ds sorter hung round the Can. itol dome ' Till S< hley's message came, an' 'twas thi^^ way he writ it :— "I'vegotW' he says, "an' they'll never git home." ^ By ginger! it sounded like music fer sweetness ! ^ ^^'rheer?^'" "^^"' ^'^^ ^^'^^ '°"«'"' ^' ^""^ nes? "^'''"^'' ^"' '°"" complete- It seem- to fit into my hungerin' ears I could jest shet my eyes an' fee Schley's boatsalayin' ^ Kinder peaceful out there where the blue billows foam ; I ^""Id^Hsten a minute and hear him a "I've got 'em, b' gosh! an' they'll never git home." ^ They sang w,th the voices of heroes, J^'^''/^^' f ^^'^ Spanish guns, ' W^fl f "'^ °" '^^'' '"^'^^d rifles, With the courage that never runs. They sang to our glorious emblem, LTpraised upon that war worn sod, Asjhe saints in the old arena oaiig a song ol praise to God. David Graham Adee. Course the next thing, I s'pose, '11 be some sort 'o fighting, (That cussed Cervery won't give up a 1 / f An- he'll try to get out of the place he's so tight in. ' But the Commydore'll see he don't give us the slip. That Pole-dee-Barnaby gang maue us weary, A n' we got some disgusted with Scenyor ue Lome, ^ ^"' ^'"!.^?r"' ^"^ched to that feller Cer- An' we've got him. 'b gosh ! an' he'll never git home. ms POETRY OF THE WAR. THE DISINTEGRATION OF A MULE. " (Jiir Ikct engaged the enemy in a brilliant combat. 'I'lie battle is a brilliant page in Spanish history. The Spanish Minister of Marine said that it was diffi- cult for him to restrain his joyful emo- tions. ' ' — Spanish despatches. A T.I. hail the sailors brave and cool Of Dewey's hold flotilla; For Sjiain has lost another mule Away off in Manila. A piece of siell took off his tail, lie grini'i'd the shattered bomb at. " It is our fleet," he .said, " that meet The foe in brilliant combat." A solid shot took off his ears; He smiled a smile of mystery, And said, " This will turn out a Brilliant page in Spanish history." His larboard legs were shot away, Yet still with smile sarcastic, "I am not mad," he said, "or sad; I'm just enthusiastic." Another shot ! What fragments those That littered up the bay so ? That nmle so coy just died of joy — The Spanish papers says so. Harry B, Smith, THAT MATANZAS MULE. THE mule stood on Matanzas shore, And each true Yankee sailor Shrieked, " Make it hot with shell and shot, He looks like General Weyler." A gunner on the brave New York Said, " Now, by Spanish Sancho, All hands keep cool ; I think that mule Is Governor General Blanco," Quoth the Cincinnati's pilot, " That mule is Blanco's master; I've been to Spain, and to me it's plain, He looks like old Sagasta." The captain of the Puritan Said, " Hoys, now make him vanish j At sea all mules look alike to me, Especially when they're Spanish." A red hot shot went to the spot, Wliich made that mule go on so That he fell down and cracked his crown, As will later King Alfonso. Louis Harrison. WHEN THE TROOPS MARCH BY. I'D like to be in Washington, beneath the splendid sky, When, with victorious banners, the troops come marc hing by I I'd like to be in Washington and see Old Glory fly I O'er the great and glittering legions when the troops march by! I'd like to be in Washington that day ! I'd like to see The fellows that have worn the wounds in red for you and me ! To see the old flag rippling like a rainbow round the sky. O'er the men of Santiago, when the troops march by ! I'd like to be in Washington when every legion comes ! I know my heart would answer to the beating of the drums ! To see the men who faced the fray — who did not fear to die — Oh, I'd like to join the chorus when the troops march by 1 I'd like to be in Washington — I'd like to see the blades That were reddened for their country flash from the old brigades ! Though war may make us weary, though the green graves make us sigh, I'd like to shout, "God bless 'em!" when the troops march by ! Frank L. Stanton. n vanish ; mc, itiish." •t, in so his crown, HRRISON. :CH BY. n, beneath the troops nd see Old j'ions when that day! wounds in a rainbow the troops hen every er to the ray — who when the ['d like to r country lest y, though 5 sigh, is 'em!" AKTON. 520 POETRY OF THE WAR. THE LESSON OF THE BARBED WIRE. THERE'S a lot of tangled wire back of Santiago town, Where the captured Dons may view it, as they curse their dreary fate ; It is twisted, it is jumbled, where the Yankees cut it down. Because they didn't have the time to monkey with the gate, And those wires teach a lesson, as they lie, all tangled there; They should serve, too, as a warning unto Dons in future years. For he that knows the story ought to get it through his hair That you can't fence out starvation as you would a herd of steers. A MURMUR FROM MUDVILLE. THERE'S been the dingdest earthquake in what's called our social status; All the gals we called "our ownest " now they sca'cely will look at us! We have plenty faith in beauty, but we have no place to pin it, Foi the gals make no concealment of the fact that we ain't in it Since them volunteers came home From Santiago ! Through the spring and through the sum- mer days, we .ca'cely need to men- tion. We took these gals to picnics, and we showed *em much attention; And ♦^hey cheerfully attended ev'ry dance iield in their honor, But there's something seems to whisper to us each, " Oh I you're a goner !" Since them volunteers came home From f'antiago I Of course we dor.'t belittle all the yarns them lads are tellin', How they stormed the hills of Cuba with the Spaniards round them yellin' ; But what hurts us is to notice Sal and Jane and Sue and others All a-huggin' them, doggone it! just the same as they were brothers Since them volunteers came home From Santiago ! Course, our motives they is honest, and you mustn't misconstrue 'em; Let them fighters have the glory, let them have all that is due 'em — But it does seem kind of meanish, and it makes our voices husky When we think the gals that loved us hard should throw us down McCluskey, Since them volunteers came home From Santiago ! CUBA'S LOST. THROUGH all war's clamor, loud and grim, Above the roar of guns at sea. Above the bells which chant the hymn Of strife to cease, of peace to be, I hear the martyred children moan; Poor innocents! would they could know That every pang and every groan Brought near their tyrant's overthrow. Ninette M. Lowater. THE OREGON. TURN back thy prow, O Oregon, Toward thy Western home ; No focman's ship will bar thy way, Or cross thy track of foam. By day, by night, like hounds in leash No more thy engines strain To reach the sepulchre where sleeps Thy sister ship, the Maine. Oh, nobly hast thou played thy part- Though half the world away, Like arrow to its mark ye sped, To join and win the fray. Go back, O Oregon, in peace; 'Mid wondrous deeds, and bold, Thy rush of fourteen thousand miles Shall evermore be told. Ninette M. Lowater. MclLRATH OF MALATE. terv H"^rrTf"',/- ^- ^^I'^^'h, Bat- tery H, Ihird Artillery fReeularsV ,>n listed from New Vnrl.. flV. ''5 "" vice ' "^" y^^""^ ^^'■- VES, yes, my boy, there's no mistake, 1 You put the contract througii I You lads with Shafter, I'll allow. Were heroes, tried and true; About Manila Bay ^ And don't forget bra've Mcllrath Who died at Malat6. There was an act to sing about— An eighteen-carat deed, *° shine beside the sister gem Of Switzer Winkelriedl Yes, I was with him, saw him— well You want to hear it all— . It is a braver story than A mighty city's fall ! The night was black, save where the forks Of tropic lightning ran, When, with a long deep thunder-roar, Ihe typhoon storm began. Then, suddenly above the din. We heard the steady bay Of volleys from the trenches where ine Pennsylvanians lay. Against the feigned attack, And if the Spaniards dared advance Would pay them doubly back But soon we mark'd the volleys sink Into a scattcr'd fire— And, now we heard the Spanish gun Boom nigher yet and nigher! Then, like a ghost, a courier ur^r'"'^^ past our picket toss'd ..uP}"^ ^'''' streaming in his face- We re lost— we're lost-we're lost " POETRY OF THE WAR. 621 " Front front-in God's name-front t " he cried : " Our ammunition's gone ' " AnT^f ^ '"t" "'■^^^^d dismay- And thro' the night sped on! "Men, follow me! " cried Mcllrath Ouracting Sergeant then; ' And when he gave the word he knew lie gave the word to men! But down the sunken road We dragged the guns of Battery H Nor even stopped to load ! ' ^"Atornw^"' '^^ ^^'••'""s poured A storm of Mauser hail— But not a man there thought to pause Nor any man to quail! ' Ahead, the Pennsylvanians' guns In scatter'd firing broke; ^ The Spanish trenches, red with flame. In fiercer volleys spoke! Down with a rush our twenty came- The open field we pass'd- And ,n among the hard-press'd Tenth We set our feet at last! Up^with a leap, sprang Mcllrath, Mud-spatter'd worn and wet, ' HiJh ^" !f '^"*' ''^"^ he stood High on the parapet! "Steady, boys! we've got 'em now- Only a minute late' ''lit l^''''^'-^'' g°^ '^™ -hipp'd. Just give 'em volleys straight! "^ w":J'? ^"/ '^'^"'" *'^e parapet With head erect he went. As coo as when he sat with us iieside our evening tent ! " Not one of us, close shelter'd there Down in the trench's pen But felt that he would rathe; die Ihan shame or grieve him then! The fire, so close to being quench'd In panic and defeat, Leap'd forth, by rapid volleys sped In one long deadly sheetl *l 622 POETRY OF THE WAR. 'if A cheer went up along the line As breaks the thunder-call — But, as it rose, great God ! we saw Our gallant Sergeant fall ! He sank into our outstretch'd arms Dead — but immortal grown; And Glory brighten'd where he fell, And valor claim'd her own! John Jerome Rooney. THK /niSSINQ ONE. I DON'T think I'll go into town to see the boys come back; My bein' there would do no good in all that jam and pack; There'll be enough to welcome them — to cheer them when they come A-marchin' bravely to the time that's beat upon the drum — They'll never miss me in the crowd — not one of 'em will care If, when the cheers are ringin' loud, I'm not among them there. I went to see them march away — I hollered with the rest, And didn't they look fine, that day, a-marchin' four abreast. With my boy James up near the front, as handsome as could be, And wavin' back a fond farewell to mother ai ' to me ! I vow my old knees trimbled so, when they had all got by, I had to jist set down upon the curbstone there and cry. And now they're comin' home again ! The record that they won Was sich as shows we still have men, when men's work's to be done! There wasn't one of 'em that flinched, each feller stood the test — Wherever they were sent they sailed right in and done their best ! They didn't go away to play — theyknowed what was in store — But there's a grave somewherft to-day, down on the Cuban shore ! I guess that I'll not go to town to see the boys come in ; I don't jist feel like mixin' up in all that crush and din ! There'll be enough to welcome them — to cheer them when they come A-marchin' bravely to the time that's beat upon the drum. And the boys' 11 never notice — not a one of 'em will care. For the soldier that would miss me ain't a-goin' to be there ! S. E. KiSER. AH, SENORI 'HTIS singularly, wofully grotesque, 1 That tale of yours of the Matanzas mule; Or else you are a dabster at burlesque, Or — no, 'tis fibbing of the playful school. Now, Blanco, 'tis a very feeble figure. Or else we fired our cannons with one trigger. Ah, Senor ! Why, bless my soul ! 'Tis past the sort of thing With which 'tis said marines are often sold. Now, surely the inflammatory sting Of some of our projectiles must have told. Well, Blanco, you're a feeble rhetorician, Or else extractum opium fired tactician. Ah, Senor ! Oh, yes, I see ! Your cipher sharp's mis- take. "Mule" signifies "one hundred dead and maimed." He read it literally. If a fake, Upon my life you ought to be ashamed, Now, Blanco I But one mule and narv Spaniard Inspired to death by that brave Jacky's lanyard ? Oh, Senor! Clay M. Greene. 1 to see the I in all that e them — to :ome that's beat —not a one >s me ain't . KiSER. esque, s Matanzas rlesque, he playful figure, i with one ist the sort 5 are often sting must have hetorician, tactician. Iiarp's mis- idred dead ; ashamed, and nary ve Jacky's rREENE. AN ALPHABET FOR WAR TIMES. A ^/"'" Alger-a Michigan man- ^ As perhaps you ma/ guess if ap- pointments you scan. To'lil^h^T"' '•'^°'' ""'^^^^ ^a^'s race To hmber h.s sword arm and rest up his C's for Cervera, who nearly was slain To save jobs for a few politicians in Spain. them ^"^' '° '"'* "' ^"^ "«' E is for Evans, who'd like to reach Cadiz oftd^^'^ 'P^"^^' '""^ '-g-t WhL^^^"'^';! t^'-pedo-boat catcher: What they thought was all right till Wamwnght went to match her POETRY OF THE WAR. you Whos^batnT' ^'\''' ^ ™'ght mention, wnose bathtubs and schemes have at tracted attention. H is for Hobson, whose "turn may know Was one^of the hottest we've seen in this I is for Islands, all 'round the wide world Th,s^nat.on will own ere her waVflatls Thl!% J^^.'^'^i' Who serve out the shell- That Spaniards on both sides the earth know so well. " K is^for^ Spain's little harmless young ""'^ItSly'Snr ''''' '"^^''^ ''' L is for Long-naval head in this ruction Who saved the New England old mS from abduction. M stands for McKinley. How great he has grown Fron, the courage, forbearance and wis- dom he's shown. in creation. °^^' '° 'dot's ^^.'^^''-'^^Span.h P is for Patriots on Cuban soil, Who^seem most unwilling when called on ^^^ss^es^st;?^-- — Wiih??""'"''^'.^' ^ ^''■^'e^s chap, a sctp^. °" ^'' ^"^""'^^^ °"t hunting S is for Sampson, aboard the New York ;urtL^"cSrk"° '"^ '^ '^'^ '^^^^y ^ \uer>'""''^'''^''''°"Sh on the ^^^ better.^^' "^ ''^ ^^°"' "^'^ ™^" the U is for Union, now firmer than ever Untted wtth bonds that no bygorercan V stands for veterans of our past wars, But Volunteers, too, show their valor by scores. y W is for Weyler, that butcher atrocious Who keeps safe at home wlien he's dt ing ferocious. Let X stand for dollars we'll get back from Spain ^ ^ When doughboys and jackies start home- ward agam. ^ 'guts ^'"''^' ^'''^' "^'■^'^ y°" ^^y We've got to defeat or we'll get in a mess. Z is for Zany, sometimes written " Don'f " V\hc perhaps has had more than he fir.> counted on. (i.. C. Beebe. 624 POETRY OF THE WAR. THE YANKEE DUDE'LL DO. WHEN Cholly swung his golf stick on the links, Or k. ocked the tennis ball across the net, With his bangs done up in cunning little kinks — When he wore the tallest collar he could get. Oh, it was the fashion then To impale him on the pen — To regard him as a being made of putty through and through ; But his racquet's laid away, He is roughing it to-day, And heroically proving that the Yankee dude' 11 do. When Algy, as some knight of old ar- rayed, Was the leading figure at the " fawncy ball," We loathed him for the silly part he played ; He was set down as a monkey — that was all ! Oh, we looked upon him then As unfit to class with men. As one whose heart was putty and whose brains were made of glue — But he's thrown his cane away, And he grasps a gun, to-day, While the world beholds him, knowing that the Yankee dude'll do. When Clarence cruised about upon his yacht, Or drove out with his footman through the park, His mamma, it was generally thought, Ought to have him in her keeping after dark ! Oh, we ridiculed him then, We impaled him on the pen, We thought he was effeminate, we dubbed him "Sissy," too — But he nobly marched away — He is eating pork, to-day, And heroically proving that the Yankee dude'll do. How they hurled themselves against the angry foe, In the jungle and the trenches on the hill ! When the word to charge was given, every dude was on the go — He was there to die, to capture or to kill! Oh, he struck his level, when Men were called upon again To preserve the ancient glory of the old red, white and blue ! He has thrown his spats away. He is wearing spurs to-day. And the world will please take notice that the Yankee dude'll do. S. E. KiSER. ; THE BRAVEST SAILOR OF ALL. IK>^OW a naval officer, the bravest fignting man ; He v/ears a jaunty sailor suit, his cap says "Puritan." And all day long he sails a ship between our land and Spain, And he avenges, every hour, the martyrs of the "Maine." His warship is six inches square, a wash- tub serves for ocean ; But never yet, on any coast, was seen such dire commotion. With one skilled move his boat is sent from Cuba to midsea. And just as quickly back it comes to set Havana free. He fights T*ith Dewey; plants his flag upon each island's shore. Then off with Sampson's fleet he goes to shed the Spanish gore. He comes to .aard New England's coast, but ere his anchor falls. He hunies cff in frightful speed, to shell Manila's walls. The Philippines so frequently have yielded to his power. There's very little left of them, I'm cer- tain at this hour ; And when at last he falls asleep, it is to wake again And hasten into troubled seas and go and conquer Spain. Ella Wheeler Wilcox. :hes on the was given, go— )ture or to hen lin of the old way, y, ake notice . do. KiSER. F ALL. be bravest is cap says ip between lie martyrs ■e, a wash- was seen )at is sent imes to set ts his flag he goes to id's coast, d, to shell ve yielded , I'm cer- ;p, it is to nd go and ViLCOX. A PEACE'BUL FAMBLY MAN. QH, de sun shine hot in ev'y spot' ^ lin de young co'n wavin' green En de cotton needin' choppin' Ues de wuss you ever seen i H-n I ain't got time fer flghtin' Kase de grass '11 take de Ian' • i^n de p.ow en hoe is alll know— J a peace' bul fambly man ! Go 'long wid dat musket I I buil- on a diffurt ..ian ; iJe craps mus' grow ; En de whole worl' know lapeace'bulfamblyman. Oh de sun shine hot in e'vy spot En de hot san' bu'n yo' feet ; Ende^co'n,hesay: " Please plough dis Kase I pa'ch up wid de heat J " En I am t got time fer fightin', V^T^ f « g'-^ss '11 make a stan', iin de plow en hoe is all I know— 1 a peace'biil fambly man! Go 'long wid dat musket ! IbuironadifiTuntplan; IJe craps mus' grow. En de whole worl' know I a peace'bul fambly man ! MY SOLDIER BOY •• My soldier boy-„here is he camped to-night?" «"'pcu "God guard him waking, sleeping or in ^^'vtj^'^^u^^'^ tropic suns cast down IfrsTrs^'"^'"^'' '''"'"'■" '^"'-^ And hauntmg^ breath of sickness holds A homesick boy, sore wounded, suffer- mg hes. ' ^'^ POETRY OF THE WAR. 625 "Mother Mother!" is his ceaseless "Come,^ mother, come, and see me ere I I Where is war's glory? Ask the trumpet's The man^hing columns run to bitter I ^%^LtVk T'"'"' "'^° "^"o^vs as yet of Hfe ; '■'■°''' """^'^^ °f ''t« 1°" I ^-V, not the mother ; weeping for her son I She knows the heartaches ffllo^rng vS-' tones won. ^ CAMP CALLS. TCAN'Tgit'emup! / I^can'tgit 'emupl I can't git 'em up, I can't git 'em up at all ! Se Sant's "°"' ?"" '^' ^^^^^^nt, A d rhf I -'T'^ '''^" lieutenlnt. Ana Che captam's the worst of all ! * * * Go to the stable, All ye that are able, And give your horses some corn For If you don't do it, [he captain ^v; , know it. And give you ^j,,; devil As sure as you're born 1 * * * Oh, where has that cook gr.ne Cook gone, ' iin ^ook gone. Where has that cook gone? Where the aitch is he-e-e J Twenty years till dinner time, Umner time. Dinner time. Twenty years till dinner time, oo It seems to me-e-e I POETRY OF THE \V/vR. Come and git your quinine, Quinine, quiniiii.'. quinine 1 Come and git youi luinine, And your pills ! * * * Soupy, soupy, sou;i — ^Vlthout any beans ! An'f oflfee, coffee, coffee — The meanest ever seen ! THE RKD. mn WlilTE AND BLUE. WE as u archinjr to the conflict \\'h\. a courage born of power, Anil oiT iiearts are all undaunted In the battle's darkest hour. Where the Philippines lie smiling In the bosom of the deep, Where upon Havana's fortress Spanish soldiers careless sleep : There shall ring our shout of triumph. There sliall stand our brave and true, 'Neath the starry flag of Freedom, 'Neath the Red, the White and Blue. We are marching to the conflict, And we shall not go in vain. With the Cuban wrong to speed us And our well-remembered Maine. By her dead of slow starvation. By the pangs of child and wife, By a rule of devastation And a vain and cruel strife, Spain has forfeited our mercy, And her conduct she shall rue ; 'Tis a valiant army gathers 'Neath the Red, the White and Blue. We are marching to the conflict And shall soon the foeman meet ; But the banner floating o'er us Never yet has known defeat. Onward, then i ross the waters That our la : ' om theirs divide, Onward, then, tiil Yankee valor Tests its strength with Spanish pride ! Ere another month be ended There is noble work to do, And a glorious achievement 'Neath the Red, the White and Blue. Lalia Mitchell. THE Fl.AQ GOES BY. HATS off! Along the street there comes A blare of bugk.>, a ruffle of drums, A Hash o! jolor beneaiii th • sky : Hilts off! Tlie fl.i.' i.-, paK:ut!£; by ! Blue at J crimi .>!.* and white it .chines Ovfcr the steel-tapped, ordered lines. Hats off! The colors before us fly I But more than the flag is passing by, Sea-fi<.; :ts and land-fights grim and great, Foughi fo make and to save tiie state; Cheers of victory on dying lips ; Weary m irches and sinking ships; Days of ulenty and years of peace March of a strong land's swift increase; Equal justice, right and law. Stately honor and reverend awe ; Sign of a nation great and strong. To ward her people from foreign wrong ; Pride and glory and honor, all Live in the colors to stand or fall. Hats off ! IRREPRESSIBLE. I AM the swiftest thing on earth ! I jump from continent to continent! I leap Across the deep. From Occident to Orient ! I never rest, I never stop ! From east to west, From field to shop I swoop — Now with a whoop Of exultsicn. Now wi inge of perturbation I Day aftf I retail. • , wonderful gait ! I . e . - , ;t, I never stay — I a.ir bu.j'tr than Fate ! I ^\u ^ere and there, I an. ":'ccy where At ;'.\Q s.nir time — In every hnd — in every clime— I am al -^ ,;j ousy with a big R, And mc ^ ut eating to consider me— I am the war E.umor, A SONQ OF THE FIQHT O ^S ''°'' '"^ '''' '''''y °^ 'he The dashing Of the war-steeds in the And the flag the winding-sheet LtttSr^'^^-'t'-tn-re, And^e wailing of the n^other and the O the glory and the story of the fi^^hf t I^'^el^v.ngfortheUleg^ou'^^^^ With glory for the goal, Where the cannon-thunders roll "Wh^nii?-^-- legate "^'andlarr"'"^ footstep, long POETRY OF THE WAR THE YOUNGEST BOY ,N BLUE. betier knol ^f'T^^ ^^^^' Battalion^- Naval K;2;;;;r,tXie? //" ^^'^'>'" t^-enth regiment ar3 I'r? ,?'^'^'"^- nueand Hanson ..lace the V'^ ^^■^- each other in contrih. ^T '""^ ^''^ tures, flags and o'her h "^\ ^""'^^' I"'^- brighten^ the old co^^S '^''' '^^'P^d to made them presentablfi^ '°°"'^ ^"d casionally by' [£ ?a,rtx ^^^" «^^ced oc- TiSrdfvi;?;n?oi';""'^'^\°^^^ Jot of warIik?or?iJ "^ "'^h^' ^»iO"g a lowing u'te/tisT"^^"'"'*'-^'^ ''So^^XlesotlT?^''^-'^^'''-' Sl*J^^» the fight is done- Wake ye each trampled one B;a;j:r-^-"-^^^loryg,o., '"si:i?:o?krr'^^^-i^^'^«^^« ARMY DIET. A/I Y father says -at sojers is 'Af 1, t ''"^^'' '"ens 'at ever wis- tS; don'^ m'^r?^^ ^t^'^^^ '""hi^ ' " An^n .V •^"'. ""^ yo" ^'"'t got hit An so they ,st don't keer a bit ^^Tt.'^* «°ie^s knows a lot. ■ An carry .« raccoons'' on theYrb^S, ^ H? ?J ^' '^^ ^^hy they do Hesavs ?"vn°"^-'^"ghi./,nen Mv son I ^? M ° V tiding or two, ' iX*yb, At S 1st th*» vor.r thJir- The sojers cats the tax,''i j-j.^} m '^~■ QLD Uncle Sam has a fine, new bov 4".) ^''■' ^"""'S" '-'=•<' "'her And tech him >ousAi;rd"k"*' W«hac,,eer,:|;j?:''f'^t;'S,e Hedoe/„.:£;V„*;™|;.n>.n. ;wis;s3-;;>r.^'™,.ad,, And w|„g.veh,„, a place huh. rami,. For there's plenty for |,i„,,„j„ OP A TRCTM. "T™w?,r!'",''™=fi« ad.de." * Well, if the ctnrv'c f-, V'hat glorious deeds-; wh^erdt; call, A Yankee dude'll dol " ^ i I 628 POETRY OF THE WAR. THE STAY-AT-HOME'S RESOLVE. I'M going to l)iiy a sailor suit, with Texas on the cap, And I shall be set up for life, no matter what may hap; For it is quite the fashion now to take our men-of-war And give 'em gratis everything they choose to ask us for. They ride upon the cable-cars, and don't pay any fare; They ride upon the whirling "L" as freely as the air ; They go into the theatres, and get the finest seats At just the same expense as when some other fellow treats. They hie them to the cooling coast, unto the big hotels. And get the best attention from the lowly and the swells; And when they ask the landlord for his bill, the fellow twirls And says, "There's not a cent to pay; come out and kiss the girls! " I'm mighty glad that this is so: 'tis just as it should be. I rather wish, however, that these things would come to me. And, though I stayed at home while they plunged deep into the row, I'm going to buy a sailor suit, and try it anyhow. "ARMA VIRUMQUE CANO." THEY are shouting the praise of the captains, of admirals, commodores, too. Of colonels, lieutenants and majors; with ensigns, cadets, not a few ; For these there is fame, there is glory — a forest of laurels — but when Do they honor the dauntless " high pri- vate? " I sing of arms and the men ! Of the picket that paces the outpost, a target for shot and for shell, Uncheered by the voice of a comrade, alone in the wild, tangled dellj Of the sailor on deck in the twilight, who watches the bright evening star And knows that it shines on his thildrcn, beyond the horizon afar. Of the soldier that lies in the trenches, scorched and chilled by the sun and the rain. Before him the i)ellowing cannon, around liiin tlie wouirled and slain; With gaunt finger pointed toward him, rides Death on his pale horse astride. At his heels the dread ser|)ent of fever, with hunger and thirst at his side. Of the gunner whose eye is so steady; of ' tlie coal-passer down in the hold ; AVliat they do — what they dare — what they suffer— oh ! sure not the half has been told ! And our Schley made his 0",n lame the brighter, to shine throusjh ^\e centu- ries, when He cried as the city surrendered, "Let the officers cheer for the men ! " Mrs. Skipwith H. Coale. THE LAblES OF OLD CADIZ. I'D like to go to Cadiz, Just to see those witching ladies, Those witching, witching ladies, where the orange blossoms blow; With their dainty cigarillas. And their quite too sweet mantillas — Oh, to Cadiz, with its ladies, I will go. And when our guns were booming, With a pity quite consuming I would say, " Oh, charming ladies, please to hustle now abroad. For, although we humble Cadiz, We don't war against the ladies. And the ladies of old Cadiz need not fear the Yankee sword." And with their cigarillas, And their all-too-cute mantillas, I would load up every cruiser witli this fascinating crew; And so by easy stages I would bring these fair hostages. All these ladies of old Cadiz, far across the ocean blue. POETRY OF THE WAR. THE REGLAR ARMY MAN. LIE ain't no gold-laced " lielvidere * * Ter sparkle in the sun : He don t parade with gay cockade. And posies in his gun ; He ain't no "pretty soldier boy," So lovely, spick and span : Jne Reg 'lar Army man; The marchin', parchin', 1 liie-clay starchin', •Keg lar Army man. He ain't at home in Sunday-school, Nor yet a social tea : ' And on the day he gets his pay He s apt ter spend it free : Heaint no temp'rance advocate; He likes ter fill the can ; liieReglar Army man; ilierarin', tarin'. Sometimes swearin', Reg'lar Army man. No State'll call him "noble son;" He ain't no ladies' pet, "r, M ''^'^ ^'^" anyhow, n^ey I send for hi.., you bet! He don t cut any ice at all In fash'n's sor- nlan ; "^f \'he job le. .ace a mob, IneReg'lar Army man; The millin', drillin'. Made for kiUin', Reg'lar Army man. '^w^v,^''"u"°*^^'''«hed over him When he goes off ter war; He gits no speech nor prayerful ' preach" From Mayor or Governor ; ^ He packs his little knapsack up And trots off in the van, TcT start the fight and start it right The Reg'lar Army man; ^ ' The ratlin', battlin', Colt or Gatlin', Reg'lar Army man. He makes no fuss about the job. He don't talk big or brave, ' Or"hT n,'' '" '" ^S^' ^"d win '-'f Help fill np a grave ; 34 629 He does the best he can ; ine Keg lar Army man; i lie dandy, handy, Cool and sandy, Reg lar Army man. Joe Lincoln. HOW A SOLDIER IS MADE. A *^?^^^, '' '^°'"n->t gasps and cries j^ And c asps its wee fists to its eye ' It stares- at those who stand arouiKir'' it 'fn";'""''^^J°J--'^^'-o->nd, ^ rays for him ere He needs her prayer. A hundred childish ills he worries. hrongh A thousand tir- '-is lif,. Unn.lu' thread ; '''^"«'' ^^ ^ He falls, when there is nothing else to do I-rom some high perch, and strikes upon his head ! ^^ Ah,why1iallsayGod keeps him not in Nor he^a_^^the prayers she offers „p at ^Thhik^of\l''"'''"^°'^^'^'^'^°ok: 1 hink of the patience and the care The planning and the toil it took ' To place Lun there 1 Toil and hop. and despair, Grieving and doubting and iov • Days that were dark an'ddaVsThat were For those who love the boy; Years that have wearily dragged Years that have joyously passed Hopes that have flown a?d grkfs that nave lagged— *" ** To make him a man at last. Hark to the summons that comes ! Hear the merciless roll of the drums t 1 he man for whom plans were made He for whom schemes were laid WbS '""r ^^'^^' ^orTomewhere l^et the banner wave high in the lir There is soul-stirring work to bc> d-ne - 630 POETRY OF THE WAR. Down through the valley and over the ' )pe, A regiment sweeps to the fray ! What of the prayers, the toil i; j^^ And the lofty plans of yesterday? An angry shot, A crimson clot, And the smiles and tears Of twenty years End in a himp of lifeless clay. S. E. KiSEK. THAT STARRY FLAG OF OURS. UNFURL the starry banner. Till with loving eyes we view The stars and stripes we honor And the folds of azure blue. 'Tis the pride of all our nation And the emblem of its powers The ge n of all creation Is that starry flag of ours, rhen raise aloft "Old Glory," And its colors bright surround. In battle fieri e and gory. Or in peace with honor bt nnd. Let it float from spire and steeple, And from house-tons, masts am' owers, For the bann .f the • . ople Is that Starr, ag of ours. Now, behold it, bright and peerless. In the light of freedom's sky; See its c ^rs flo tar . fearless As the eagle soaring high. And amid the cannon's rattle And the bullets' deadJy showers, Ten million men will battle For that starry flag of our?. THE BRIDES OF DF H. T^HERE'S a cleft in the darkling sea I coast wall That hides the town like a sheltering pall. And the Morro looks down from the precipice crest Ac the sheltered ships on the harbor's breast - Vt the anchored ships that idly swing, Flying the flag of the Spanish king. " Nail to the mast the yellow and red," The grave old Spanish Admiral said : And the lovely Infanta led the line. And the bridesmaids followed her through the brine — Followed her out of the harbor mouth To the fatal tryst in the open south. Never a bride went down the hall, In the ma/c i,{ the dance of her marriaL'c ball, With so fine a grac e or an air so free As the Spanish slii];s stood out to sea • And never the brides of God took vei'l, In tiie darksome depth of the convent's pale, With so lofty a mien of sacrifice As they bided th - fling of the battle's dice. Their sj)lendrous standards streamed . '^'^''^ 'Gainst the turquoise blue of the tropic :,ky ; Tiuir polished brass work flashes flung, Like lustrous jewels ; ound them strurig ; And their bows were veiled in the flimsv lace Of the spray comb tossed by the charging But. ah ! what terrible guests are these, Fast gliding in from the outer stas, Glic'; ig along in drapery black That fumes and pours from the high smokes Ui-k? And, ah! what aund'rous chimes that greet The stately advance of the- 'jridal fleet ? But is this • lepeal of tha wedding bell— This roarin, voice li' '^ the voice of hell? 'Tis the ^ Fates — The voice is the voice of the sister States Of the sister States of the slaughtered Maine, Crying aloud for the blood of Spain- Battle ship, cruiser, torpedo boat, That rush like dogs at the Spanish throat- Alas for the brides n yellow and red That out of the harl, r r.n ^io-hfi„ onpri isome cry of the pitiless and red," ral said : le line, her through 3r mouth south. hall, er marriage so free L to sea ; took veil, ; convent's he b.'le's reamed the tropic es flung, '.m strung ; the flimsy e charging •e thesCj leas, the high imes that il fleet ? ng bell — -' of hell ? e pitiless er States, .ughter^d Jain — h throat- red sped, Mid tie choKe ot the bmoke where the hgiUhings glahce, "'^ m!hthZ' "''"*^'f /he thunder's roar AVuh^the^hoom of the surf on the Hearing They were six that steamed to the open The ^brid« anu the maids so ,vvift and "^"^ttnd"' ""' '°'P'''' '^■•'' ''"^ ''•« And' rh." "'!^ ''"°'' °^ '^' ^'d*^ J^'ft «and ; OW ^hT'r"^. '"""'"' ^'^^'^ high cltd ej*:"' '""'^ ^"^ ^he 'death POETRY OF THE WAR. THE WAR SHIP DIXIE. 'THErVE named a cruiser " Dixie "- 1 , that's what the papers say- An I hears they're goin' to man her with the boys that wore the gray; n,r"'' ^' ^°''^' th?illJ'„e and ,,,, makes me want ter be the "Dixie" puts ter seal They've named a cruiser '« Dixie " An' /'filers, rilbeboun' ^" °" c'Ltt/n''",'""' ^""' "nTee cneers ler Dixie Ian' " " El??' '^'-"'^''^'^ -'he war hurts 531 ^"'shi;::;:Si;^^""'^^'"'^^^-^«'hat Fer when ,t comes to 'Dixie" D.-ir'. something in a name! "' Her^three^^heersandatiger-as hearty ''"'l?\jfl^J!";i%'' Dixie ''wher. the bi.e 11 make her way an' win the day from shinin' East ter West— J<-st let the ban' play •' ] y.^ " ,„,, ,, boys '11 do the rest! ' '"'^ ''^^ I'RANK L. Stanton. FOR FUTURE REFERENCE. SAY, Agiiinaldo, You little measly Malay moke, What's the matter with you? JUon t you know enough lo know That when yon don't see rreedom. Inalienable rights, The American Eagle The Fourtli uf July. ' '[he Star Spangled Banner, And the Palladium of your Liberties All you've got to do is to ask for tSm? ^re you :,. natural born ehumn ^ ^-f;l'tbiSS''^""''^'^^"-^^? Tnan a piece of soap After a day's wasliing, But, by gravy, 3 ,ju Seem to think You're a bigger man Than Uncle Sam. You ought to be shrunk »oung fellow; And if you don't Demalayize yourself At an early date. And catch on To your golden glorious opportunities f °™/thmg's going to happei to you ' j Like a Himalaya I Sitting down kerswot '■ Un a gnat. If you ain't II 1 i I -1 at i mm I 532 POETRY OF THE WAR. A yellow dog You'll take in your sign \nil scatter Some Red, White and Blue Disinfectant Over yourself. What you need, Aggie, Is civilizing. And goldarn Your yaller percoon-skin, We'll ( ivili/.e you Dead or alive. You'd better Fall into the Procession of Progress And go marching on to glory, Before you fall Into a hole in the ground. Understand ? That's us— U. S. ADMIRAL VON DIF.DERICHS. ACH, Admiral von Diedericlis, I van to sbeak mit you ; Yust lisden fer a leedle und I'll tell you vot to do; Sail from dem Phiiypeanuts isles A thousand miles aboud — Fer dot Dewey man viil got you Uf you doan'd vatch ouid ! Ach, Admiral von Diederichs, Der Kaiser was a i)each, I'm villing to atmit id, bud Dare's udders on der beach. So, darefore, dot's der reason vy, Doan'd led your head get stoud, Fer dot Dewey man vill got you Uf you doan'd vatch ouid ! Ach, Admiral von Diederichs, Vot pitzness haf you got In loafing py Manila ven Der heat-vaves are so hot ;* Vy doan'd you yust oxcooh yourself Und durn your shihs aboud — Fer dot Dewey man vill got you Uf you doan'd vatch ouid I Ach, Admiral von Diederichs, Vy vill you l)e a clams? Go ged some udder islands vich Are not old Uncle Sam's, Yust wrote to Kaiser Wilhelm, yet, ' Und dell him dare's no douid, Fer dot Dewey man vill got you Uf you doan'd vatch ouid ! G. V. HOBART. THE ARMY'S NIQHT-QUARD. THE soldiers lie peacefully dreaming, Their tents in the rays of the clear Autumn moon. Or the light of the watch fires are gleaming, A tremulous sigh as the gentle night wind Thro' the forest leaves slowly is creep- ing, While the stars up above with their glit- tering eyes, Keep guard, for the army is sleeping. NO ANIMOSITY. <' QAID the Sergeant to the Don, O After scrapping at San Juan : — ' You're a soldier and a brother, Let us shake with one another; Here's my hardtack, take a gnaw.' " Said the Jacky to the Dago Whom he licked at Santiago: — ' We plunked you and we sunk you. Now we'll feed and clothe and bunk vou ; Here'i. my baccy, take a chaw.' " ^t^r POETRY OF AFTER THE BATTLE. B'^'^.yi'' '^l'''''"! canst thou speak? VVhiii is it thou dost see! A wondrous glory lingers ,.n thy (a its, on the If another s, coldly, th at La oil above ite— s of that teer goes oops, the the blue h at La "JNING. Now must the trumpet's note Savage and shrill, For requiem o'er thee float. Thou fair and still ! And the swift charger sweep, In full career, Trampling thy place of sleep- Why earnest thou here ? Why ?— Ask the true heart why Woman hath been Ever, where brave men die, Unshrinking seen ? Unto this harvest ground Proud reapers came, Some for that stirring sound. A'OMAN ON THE FIELD OF BATTLE. Whhre hath not woman stood, Strong in aliection's might? A reed, upborne By an o'erniaturing current I GENTLE and lovely form. What didst thou here. When the fierce battle storm Bore down the spear ? Banner and shivered crest Beside thee strown, Tell that amidst the best Thy work was done 1 Low lies the stately head. Earth bound the free : How gave those haughty dead A place to thee ? Slumberer ! thine early bier Friends should have crowned. Many a flower and tear Shedding around. Soft voices, dear and young, Mingling their swell, Should o'er thy dust have sung Earth's last farewell. Sisters, above the grave Of thy repose, Should have bid violets wave With the white rose. Some for the stormy play, And joy of strife. And some to fling away A weary life. But thou, pale sleeper, thou. With the slight frame, And the rich locks, whose glow Death cannot tame ; Only one thought, one power. Thee could have led, So through the tempest's hour To lift thy head ! Only the true, the strong The love, whose trust Woman's deep soul too long Pours on the dust. OUR GALLANT SONS. /yi Y gallant love goes out to-day, iVl With drums and bugles sounding , ., gay; 1 smile to cheer him on his way Smile back, my heart, to me ! The flags are glittering in the light • Is It their stars that blind my sight? (jod, hold my tears until to-night- Then set their fountains free ! He takes with him the light of May • Alas ! it seems but yesterday ' He was a bright-haired child at play With eyes that knew no fear ; Blue eyes-true eyes I I see them shine I'ar down, along the waving line Now meet them bravely, eyes of mine i Good cheer, my love, good cheer ! Oh, mother hearts, that dare not break i That feel the stress, the long, long ache, 1 he tears that burn, the eyes tiiat wake. For these our cherished ones — And ye— true hearts— not called to bear Such pain and peril, for your sliare— Oh, lift with me the pleading prayer, God save our gallant sons! Marion Couthouy Smith. 542 POETRY OF THE WAR. BACK FROM THE WAR. rHE spring day was all of a flutter with flags; The mad chimes were beating like surf in the air; The beggars had slunk out of sight with their rags ; And the balconies teemed with the rich and the fair. And below, on each side, the long vistas were set. In the framework of faces, patient and white — Wives, mothers, sweethearts, with full eyes wet, And sick hearts longing to see tlie sight. Till at length, when the evening was waning, there ran A stir through the crowd, and far-off", like a flame, The setting sun burned on the helms of the van. And with trampling of hoofs the proud conquerers came. And with every step they advanced, you might hear Women's voices half maddened with long-deferred joy ; " Thank God i he is safe. See, my love, we are here, See! here am I, darling; and this is our boy ! ' ' Or, " Here am I, dearest, still faithful and true ; Your own love as of old!" Or an agonized cry. As the loved face comes not with the comrades she knew, And the rough soldiers find not a word to reply. And pitiful hands lead her softly away, With a loving heart rent and broken in twain ; And the triumph sweeps onward, in gaU lant array — The life and the hope, the despair and the pain. And the long line sweeps past, and the dull world rolls on, Though the rapture is dead and the sad tears are dry ; And careless of all, till the progress be done. Life rides like a conqueror triumphing by. Lewis Morris. REVEILLE. THE morning is cheery, my boys, arouse ! The dew shines bright on the chestnut boughs. And the sleepy mist on the river lies. Though the east is flushing with crimson dyes. Awake! awake.' a^e/ake ! O'er field and wood and brake, With glories newly born, Comes on the blushing morn. Atvake! awake! You have dreamed of your homes and your friends all night; You have basked in your sweethearts' smiles so. bright : Come, part with them all for a while again — Be lovers in dreams; when awake, be men. Turn out ! turn out ! turn out ! You have dreamed full long I know, Turn out ! turn out ! turn out ! The east is all aglow. Turn out ! turn out ! From every valley and hill there come The clamoring voices of fife and drum ; And out on the fresh, cool morning aii The soldiers are swarming everywhere. Fall in ! fall in ! fall in ! Every man in his place. Fall in ! fall in ! fall in ! Each with a cheerful face. Fall in ! fall in ! Michael O'Connor. POETRY OF THE WAR. THE SOLDIERS CRADLE-HYMN. pROM a field of death and carnage * 1 o the hospital was borne, *-'"?, May morn a youthful soldier, With a face all white and worn. Day by day he pined and wasted, And twas pitiful to hear Through the drearv long night-watches, Ihat sad call of " Mother, dear." Weary sufferers, moaning, tossing 1 urned their sad eyes towards his cot : But that cry was still incessant, 1 he young soldier heeded not. It was night; the lights burned dimly ; Ur the couch his mother bent Lovingly ; with soft caresses Through his hair her fingers went But he tossed in wild delirium «/u°']^ JiJs pale lips still the cry With that same sad, plaintive moaning. Mother— come - before— I— die. '' Then in song her voice rose sweetly ^^ On her breast she laid his head, Hush, my dear, lie still and slumber, Holy angels guard thy bed. ' ' ^ a'^^^"']^ sang his moans grew fainter And she watched the white lids creep O er his eyes, till calm and peaceful In her arms he lay asleep. Dimmer burned the lights, and silence Reigned within the white-washed walls • Bearded cheeks were wet with tear-stains All lorgot were cannon balls. Far-off scenes rose up to memory, render thougiits— repelled so lone- aT u"V° '''^ ''^^'■'s of soldiers, With that soothing cradle-song. Morning dawned ; but in the night-time u 2"^^"^'^ '°"1 h^d upward sped-- Hush, my dear, lie still and slun;ber, Holy angels guard thy bed. " Marv McGuire. i 543 THE YOUNG AMERICAN. CCION of a mighty stock i O Hands of ircn-hearts of oak- Jollow with unflinching tread Where the noble fathers led. Craft and subtle treachery Gallant youth! are not for thee • I;ollow thou in word and deeds ' Where the God within thee leads I Honesty with steady eye, rruth and pure simplicity Love that gently winneth hearts- Ihese shall be thy only arts: Prudent in the council train, Uaimtless on the battle-plain Keady at the country's need ' For her glorious cause to bleed ! Wliere the dews of night distil Upon Vernon's holy hill • Where above it, gleaming far, l-reedom lights her guiding star.- Thither turn the steady eye Flashing with a jnirpose high : 1 hither, with devotion meet, Often turn the pilgrim feet ! Let the noble motto be, God— the country — liberty I Planted on religion's rock, Thju Shalt stand in every shock. Laugh at danger far or near ! Spurn at baseness— spurn at fear ! atill, with persevering might, Speak the truth and do tiie right. So shall peace, a charming guest. Dove-like in thy bo^on. rest; So shall honor's steady blaze Beam upon thy closing days. Happy if celestial favor Smile upon the high endeavor: Hajipy if it be thy call In the holy .-a-ise to fall. Alexander Hill Everett. 644 POETRY OF THE WAR. 'I 'l! THE SINKING OF THE SHIPS. DARK, dark is the right; not a star in the sky, And the Maine rides serenely; what dan- ger is nigh? Our nation's at p^ace with the Kingdom of Spain, So calmly they rest in the battleshpMaiHe. But, hark to that roar ! S"-, the water is red ! And the sailor sleeiis now with the slime for his bed. Havana then shook, like the leaves of the trees, When the tornado rides on the breast of the breeze ; Then people sprang up from their beds in the ijlooni, As they' i 1 ; ing from their graves at the thui'.cc' . rdoom; And fl--j' rushed through the streets, in M-.e!i "erior and fear, Crying ouc as they ran, "Have the rebels come here?" "Oh, see how the flame lights the shores of the bay, Like the red rising sun at the coming of day; 'Tis a ship in a blaze ! 'Tis the battle- ship Maine ! What means this to us and the Kingdom of Spain ? ^ The eagle will come at that loud sound- ing roar. And our flag will fly free over Cuba no more." Dark, dark is the night on the face of the deep. In the forts all is still ; are the soldiers asleep ? Oh, see how that >hip glides along through the night ; 'Tis the ghost of the Maine— she has come to the fight; A flash, and a roar, and a cry of despair; Ihe eagle has come, for brave Dewey is there. Oh, S, diiards, come out, for the davlight has fled, And look on those ships -look with ter- ror and di id ; The eagie has come, and he swoops to his ^, prey; Oh, fly, Spaniards fly, to that creek in the bay! The eagle has com —"Remember the Maine!" And the water is red with the blood of the slain. They rest for a time— now Uk-v sail in again ! Oh, woe, doom and woe, to the Kingdom of S|)ain. Their ships are ahuue, tliey are battered and rent. By tlie death-dealinp shells which our sauors have sent Not a man have we lost; yet the battle IS o er, And their ships ride the bay of Manila no more. Dark, silent and dark, on the face of the deep, A ship glides in there ; are the Spaniards asleep ? The channel is mined ! Oh, rash sailors, beware ! Or that death-dealing fiend will spring up from his lair; He will tear you, and rend you, with wild fiendish roar, And cast you afar on the bay and the shore ! They laugh at the danger, what care tney for death ? ^ "^^^ brSh^ '''°''^ ^"^ ^^^ '""'^'''^ "^ Their souls to their Maker, their forms to the wave, What nation has sons like the home of the brave ? That ship they would steer to the pit of despair. If duty cried " Onward ! ' ' and glory were there. The shore is ablate, but .he channel they A word o( command, and a rattle ot chai, Aflash-andtheMerrimacsu-rkt;;,, ^"'^.'r'^i'T'^''^'""^' leave in th, or the day. Santiago and Hobson remembered sha. he fOETRY OK TMK WAR, 6^«'"kein ""''antlf;"'^''^^ '•--'■•- 'o -angle We stnke at obstruction to freedom and "^sr-f:l-;lHghtof R. BLANCO'S SOLILOQUY. H'anco(sitMng bolt upright in bed). CANNOT sleep. ;,';,;;^ air is l,eavy and my breath comes One is Sapphira VTth i^. "'"''''>' "^ar come. ^ ^*'" Tt-' Why should I tremble at these Ivin spooks? ^^e 'y'"g SuJ '£1,'°"/" ^' ^^-''-^ Bav, str^id-" ^°" ^"^'^^ ''- Cuban And I lie here ! ^ ^. What was that? ^^^' ^'''^kers ! Methmks it called... With a rude hee. fSw^^r^?l^^-"f>-,aga.n, tanzasmuie! ''''''" '^"'^^a- Yes, yes, I come— hee hnv r . CO! Me ! ' ' ^ <^ome, I THE SILENT BRAVE. Than fancy's feet have ever trod By fairy hands their knell is rung By forms unseen their dirge is s.mg • Tht^e honor comes, a pill, imgmf' To bless the turf that /rafs thdr d'av • And frepdnm c-hoii _ ...i.-,*^ ^"\"^ ^'ay ; rr^ J ,,"■' '"'= 2 "ijuc repair. To dwell a weeping hermit there ! Willi A. M Collins. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 1.1 milt 12.5 1^ l£& 12.0 IL25 i 1.4 1U& 1.6 6" 1 iiuuL^Iapnit. Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. I4S80 (716)S72-4503 // ^ >i 4.^ 5V ^x "*. ^ >. ^\ 6 \^ 646 POETRY OF THE WAR. WELCOME. COMK home ! The land that sent you forrh From East and West, from South and North, Looks wistfully beyond her gates, Kxtends her arms and waits — and waits I At duty's call she stilled her woe ; She smiled, througii tears, and bade you go To fa':e the death you would not shun. Brave hearts, return ! Your task is done. Not as you journeyed come you back ; A glow is about your track Of deeds that vanquished tyranny And set a tortured people free I Deeds, sprung of manhood's finest grace, 'I'hat envious time will not efface ; Deeds that proclaim a nation's worth, And crown the land that gave them birth. America but waits to greet And bless you, kneeing at her feet. Your standards fair in honor furled, The proudest mother in the world ! Tlie land that sent you Come home I forth From East and West, from South and North, Looks wistfully beyond her gates, Extends her arms and waits ! Florence Earle Coaxes. "DO NOT CHEER." After the Spanish fleet had struck its colors off the harbor of Santiago on July 3d, Capt. Philip of the battleship Texas ordered his crew not to cheer. He as- sembled his men and gave tlianks to God ♦■or the victory which we had that day gained. THE smoke hangs heavy o'er the sea. Beyond the storm-swept battle line, Where floats the flag of Stripes and Stars, Triumphant o'er the shattered foe. The walls of Morrow thunder still their fear; Helpless, a mass of flame, the foeman drifts, And o'er her decks the flag of white. Hushed voices jjass the word from lip to lip. And grimy sailors silent stand beside the guns, " Cease firing. An enemy is dying. Do not cheer." "An enemy is dying. Do not cheer." Thy servants' glorious tribute to Thv name, Christ. Lord, who rules the battle well. Who, watching, guards our destinies, And seeth e'en the sparrows fall. Redly, through drifting smoke, the sun looks down On silent guns and shot-pierced bloody wreck. Long lines of weary men, with heads bowed low, Give thanks, in presence of Thy reaper grim. Thy will be done, O Lord, Thou rulest all. J. Herbert Stevens, HE CAME. TH"RE was a Don up in a tree. And a Yankee down below ; " Come down," said the Yankee to the Don, But the Don was rather slow. " What terms," he asked, " will you make with me If I come down to you ? No terms ? Oh, Mr. Yankee man, That'll never, never do." The Yankee took aim with his gun At the Don up in the tree ; " I 11 shoot," he said, " if you don't coijie down Before I've counted "three."' Athwart the Dons dark visage spread A terrifying frown. But the Yankee counted "one "and "two.' And the little old Don came down. POKTRY OF THE WAR. "SWEAR, OH, SWEAR." VF. freemen, how long will ye stifle I he vengeance that justice inspires ? \vuh treason how long will ye trifle And shame tlie proud name cf'your sires? ' Out? out with the sword and the rifle " fires" °'" ^°"'' ''°""'* ^"'^ y""'" '1 ne flag of the old Revohition, Swear firmly to serve and uphold, That no treasonous breath of pollution oi-alJ tarnish one star on its fold. Swear ! And hark ! the deep voices replying, From graves where your fathers are lyinjr- Swear I oh, swear ! 647 And your firm oatl,s be held in the keq.ing 0( your patriot liearts and \oi.r Cc,A- Over Osworth. for whom fhe' Tst te"; While to Baker and Lyon you look ^y the blood of our murdered McCook Swear ! And hark! the deep voices replying, From graves where your fathersare lying- Swear 1 oh, swear ! In this moment, who hesitate, barters H. fn%'''^"''M'^'','^'' '''■' forefathers won : He forfeits all claim to the charters i ransmitted from sire to son Knee^ kneel at the graves of our martyrs, And swear on your sword and your gun • 1 ay up your great oath on an altar .^s huge and as strong as Stonehenge, And then with sword, fire and halter Sweep down the field of revenge. ' Swear I And hark I the deep voices replying. 1' rom graves where your fathers are iCjng- Swear! oh, swear J By the tombs of your sires and brothers 1 he host which the traitors have sla^nj By the tears of your sisters and mothers In secret concealing their pain ; ' The gnef wh.ch the heroine smothers, Consuming the heart and the brain ; Br the sigh of the penniless widow. By the sob of our orphans' despair. KnL'l u^ "! '" '^^'' ''°"°*f"" shadow, Kneel, kneel, every freeman, and sweari Swear ! And hark ! the deep voices replvinr. From graves where your fathers are lying- Swear ! oh, swear ! On mounds which are wet with the weeping, Where a nation has bow'd to the sod, OVERWORKED GODDESS. CINCE the Deweys and the Hohsons. H.v«. l''e Sampsons and the Schleys Have been doing things to make us Cheer iind land them to the skies— Since this war against the Spaniards Has been going on there's one 1 hat IS weary every evening, One whose work is never done, lis the goddess that's presiding ivu " "l^ '"'"'"'"g ^•^■"^J' of fame, » ho IS ch£ rged to do the writing Down of each new hero's name i^rom the sunrise till the sunset She IS busy every day, Working overtime, without a Single cent of extra pay. UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER. VFS ; rouse, Americans ! And cheer ' ' And let your voices be heard Wherever men love liberty And prize that sacred word. Forlo! on Santiago's heights Our gallant .standard waves. And freedom dawns on souls of men Who yesterday were slaves. Where Shafter leads his conquering train ^Vith stern, heroic Miles— ' Fair Cuba drops her captive chain And lifts her head and smiles. The proud Castilian hirelings bow Befor- Right's stern decree ; The «' Pearl of the Antilles now " now Is fated to be free. i ■I 548 POETRY OF THE WAR. WHAT COMES AFTER. EMBLAZONED iimaortal on history's pages The names of our heroes on land and on sea, A inomiment that will outlast countless ages, Roll call of the glorious sons of the free; Our diplomat leader in far off Manila, Adored of a people — in praise just and true ; The great flagship Brooklyn's cool, gallant commandant, All honor to him, to whom honor is due. Ourgeneral, too, from whose brow wreath'd in laurels, Petty jealousy fain would have snatched the fair crown ; And the boys of the army and boys of the navy — By disease and the guns of the Spaniards mowed down — Underfed and uncared for, yet still un- complaining. Tho' enlisted to warfare — not iiunger — they came ; Oh ! shame to the black heart, by whom they are dying, Whose neglect is a blot on the nation's fair name. Forgetful of self— at the engines, hell tempered. Overpowered but staggering still to their post ; The guns knew of heroes, unhonored in story. With naught to gain, albeit risking the most. But with God rank is leveled, on man and commander, Who e'er combat ended had stemmed the dark flood. The voice of the Father fell, sweet, re- assuring, "Enter into my rest, ye have done what ye could." Lilian H. nu Bois. DIRQE OF THE DRUMS. DEAD! Dead! Dead, dead, dead! To the solemn beat of the last retreat That fails like lead, Bear the hero now to his honored rest Witii tiie badge of coiirsge upon his breast, While the sun sinks down in the gleaming West- Dead! Dead! Dead! Dead I Dead ! Mourn the deau i While the mournful notes of the bugles float Across his bed. And the guns shall toll on the vibrant air The knell of the victor lying there— *Tis a fitting sound for a soldier's prayer- Dead ! Dead! Dead! Dead! Dead! Dead, dead, dead! To the muffled beat <>f the lone retreat And speeding lead. Lay the hero low to his well-earned rest, In the land he loved, on her mother breast. While the sunlight dies in the darkeniuL' West- Dead! Dead! Dead! V Alton. TAPS. TAPS— for the day is finished, And the moon, in her silvery ligl.t, Whips up from the low horizon To the star-flecked clouds of night. Taps — and the day's hard duty Is o'er, and the time for rest Sounds forth in its pointed cadence. And the blowing bugler's blest. Taps -their duty is ended. The dead lie side by side. "Lights out" the bugler's sounding As they start on their long last ride Such is their journey homeward — To "taps" o'er the broken sod, To wake on the morn with souls new born At the "reveille" of God. Henry Edward Wallace, Jr. POKTRY OF THE WAR. THE MAN WITH THE. MLSKHT. SOLDlKxa, pass on from ilii* raKe of renown, This ant-hill, commotion and strife, Pa.-,s by where th. marbles and bronzes look down With their fast-frozen gestures of life Un, out to the nameless who lie 'neath the gloom Of the pitying cypress and pine : Vour man is the man of the sword -nd the plume, But the roan o( the musket is mine. I kneu- him ! By all that is noble, I knew I his commoni.lace hero F name ! I ve camped with him, marched with him fought with him. too. In the swirl of the fierce battle-flame ! Laughed with him, cried with him, taTen a part TS!lt''TT ^J'^.I'lanket. and known Ihat the throl. of his chivalro. ■ prairie iJoy's heart Was an answering stroke of my own. ^ Whe.l"r/,>'''T-'^"^'^'««^knew tZ ^ '^'" "" "^^' battle-swept ridge That poorba.tered body that by there in blue Was only a plank in the bridge That shnllshme while the hjgh stars shall shine I Your hero is known by an echoing name. But the man with the musket is mine. Iknewh.m! All through him the good and the bad ^ Ran together and equally free • But I judee as F trust Christ will jiidge the brave lad, ^ For death made him noble to me I of war, in the battle's In the cyclone eclipse \ nH "^ 'a°°} °1 '^r lingering sands, • \ nd he died with the names that he loved on his lips. His musket still grasped in hi. hands ' Up close to the flag mysoldier went down, Jn the salient front of the line; 649 Vou may take for your heroes the men of renown, "' But the man of the musket is mine. H. S. 'I'avlor. IT IS GREAT FOR OUR COUNTRY TO DIE. QH! it is great for our country to die ^. ^I'ere ranks are contending: rnght IS the wreath of our fame jglorv awaits us for aye— ** ' Calory, that never is dim, shining on with 1 'gilt never ending- Calory that never shall fade, never, oh t never away. Oh! it ,., sweet for our country to die! How softly reposes Warrior youth on his bier, wet by the tears of his love, ^ Wet by amother'swarm tears; they crown him with garlands of roses. Weep, and then joyously turn, bright where he triumphs above. Not to the shades shall the youth descend who for country hath perished : ' Hebe awaits him in heaven, welcomes him therewith her smile; 1 here, at the banquet divine, the patriot spirit is cherished; Gods love the young who ascend pure from the ftmeral pile. Not to Elysian fields, by the still, oblivious Not to the isles of the blest, over the blue, rolling sea; But on Olympian heights shall dwell the devoted forever; There shall assemble the good, there the wise, valiant and free. Oh! then, how great for our country to die, in the front rank to perish I'lrm with our breast to the foe, victory's shout in our ear! I-ong they our statutes shall crown, m songs our memory cherish : We fhall look forth from our heaven 1 le ised the sweet music to hear. ' 550 POETRY OF THE WAR. W WHEN BANNERS ARE WAVING. HEN banners are waving, And lances a-pushing; When captains are shouting, And war-horses rushing; When cannon are roaring, And hot bullets flying, He that would honor win. Must not fear dying. Though shafts fly so thick That it seems to lie snowing; Though streamlets with blood More than water are flowing; Though with sabre and bullet Our bravest are dying, We s|)eak of revenge, but We ne'er speak of flying. Come, stand to it, heroes! The heathen are coming; Horsemen are round the walb, Riding and running; Maidens and matrons all Arm ! arm ! are crying, From petards the wildfire's Flashing and flying. The trumpets from turrets high Loudly are l)raying; The steeds for the onset Are snorting and neighing; As waves in the ocean, The dark plumes are dancing; As stars in the blue sky, The lielmets are glancing. Their ladders are planting, Their sabres are sweeping; Now swords from our sheaths Hy the thousand are leaping; Like the flash of the lijjhtning Ere men hearken thunder. Swords gleam, and the steel caps Are cloven asunder. The shouting has ceased. And the flashing of cannon ! I looked from the turret For crescent and pennon : As flax touched by fire. As hml in tiie river, They were smote, they were fallen, And had melted for ever. THE CUBAN CRISIS. RED is the setting sun, Redder the Cuban sod ; Maceos valiant fight is done For freedom and lor God. The long-leaved pine and the stately palm Bend lowly in grief tonight, And through the hush of the tropic calm There rolls from the sea a mournful psalm, A requiem over the right. Honored with many scars Now lies the hero brave ; Pityingly the southern stars Weep o'er the martyr's grave, While night winds whisper of deeds so fell That nature shudders in sleep, And every tree in the crimson dell Mutter^ a secret most dread to tell Of treachery foul and deep. Every land shall know, Heaven and earth shall see; The whole world weeiJs when a traitor's blow Strikes at the brave and free. But from Havana comes clang of bells. Borne gaily across the lea From Morro Castle, where Weyler dwells, A drtmken ivassail the clamor swells With plauciits and fiendish glee. Dark seem the midnights there. Dark are the crimes they blot; But darker still are the dungeons where The friends of freedom rot. Their chains clank dull on the slimy walls, Their festering bones protrude; And day alter day the death bell tolls As the drifting smoke from the slaughter rolls, 'Mid jeers from the multitude I Red is the rising sun. Red with the wrath of God ; For Cuba reddens in streams that run With blood where her tyrants have trod. Still flows to the sea the scarlet tide; How long shall it last, O Lord ! But hell rolls on where the Spaniards ride, And frenzi'-'d women in terror hide From a fate far worse than the sword. a traitor's Our skies are obscured with smoke. Our seas are stained with blood; Our hills still echo the butcher's stroke Across the crimson flood Our flag insulted, our brothers slain, At last awakens our land; Now sweeps a tempest from every plain The judgment hour is at hand. Louis S. Amonson. FOR CUBA. LI AVE you heard the call from Cuba uL ^°™'"g northward on the bree/e? Have you seen the dark cloud hangTng^ To the southward o'er the seas? ^ POETRY OF THE WAR. 651 It is a gasp for liberty, I hat shudders on the air; Spain has relit her torture-fires. And men are writhing there. Oppression's tempest gathers force, Its tidal wave rolls high: wr!^'V^"^°'^ ^'■'"s the stars We kindled in the sky. The time is come for action, Now let the right prevail; bhall all our boasted sympathy With slaves downtrodden fail? Shall we be mockers of the faith By which our course was set? Shall we deny what we received From men like Lafayette? "tillii^JP' ^he/^rthy patriots cry. While Spaniards beat them down. Because they will not bend the knee lo one who wears a crown. The hoary, mediaeval lie, That robes the po;ver of kings. And rivets chains on bleeding hands. Once more its logic brings" At subtle diplomat'' : pleas Let free-born statesmen scoff"; ck' ,f "S^'-V'S <-'"t=a grips our skirt,- Shall Freedom shake her off"? "•J.r '.""'« out the fleet and flag losh.tld her from the storm *' And let that splendid Island .eel Ihe clasp of freedom's arm. Maurice THOMibON. THE TIME OF WAR. JHE hags of war like storm-birds fly, v' ,''^*^^"g'"gtrumj,etsblow; Vet rolls no thunder in the sky, No earlh(iuake strives below And calm and i^atient. nature keeps tier ancient promise well, "'sweep's''' '^'°°'" ""^ «'^«'"«» The battle's breath of hell. ^"*^,^''" the w«"ks in golden hours I hroiigh harvest-happy (arms And stil she wears herTuitsTnd flowers Like jewels on her arms. What mean the gladness of the plain. Thisjoyofeveandmorn, ^ ' The mirth that shakes the beard of grain And yellow locks of corn ? Ah ! eyes may well be full of tears. And hearts with hate are hot • But eveu-paced come round the years And nature changes not. She meets with smiles our bitter grief V\ ,tl, songs our groans of pain ; ' She mocks with tint of flower and leaf The war field s crimson stain. Still, in the cannon's pause we hear Her sweet thanksgiving psalm ; loo near to God for doubt or fear, bhe shares the eternal calm. '-.e knows the seed lies safe below he fires that blast and burn ; 1 .^ all the tears of blood we sow She waits the rich -^sturn. Sh. sees wijh clearer eye than ours . ne goou of siiff"ering born— And rfi"'fl^'r°'" '"'^ her flowen,. And ripen like her corn. II i 5ft2 POKTRY OF THE WAR. AT CLOSE QUARTERS. SHE wore a dress of navy blue, The collar white and blue and red; A striped belt— and stockings, too ; A sailor hat was on her head. R-\l. white and blue her chatelaine; She had a fla^ beneath her thin. She wore a badge—" U. S. S. Maine," A tiny cannon for a pin. ^'W^o""* a shell-comb in her hair. With army buttons all embossed ; borne swords were also sticking there, And at her belt small rifles crossed. Her pocket-l)ook was knapsack shape, Her smellmg bottle a wee canteen Containingessenceof" Crushed Grape"— The neatest thing I'd ever seen. Her face was |)atriotic, too, And full of everlasting charms ; Hercheeks were red, teeth white, eyes blue- she also had repeating arms. In fact, she was in "fighting trim " So an " engagement " 1 did seek ; And thou,'h my chance to win was slim I cruised around about her cheek. Puff! Suddenly she fired at me A perfect fusilade of smiles ! It shook my heart " windward " to " lee " Re-echoing for miles and miles i My rapid-firing lips I turned Upon her then (for they were loaded). But when the fast-sent kisses burned, I he powder on her face exploded ! SONQ FOR OUR FLEETS. A ^^^^ '^°'' °"'" ^eets— our iron fleets, i^ Of grim and savage beauty, 1 hat plow their way through fields of si)ray lo follow a nation's duty ! The winds may blow and the waves may flow ^ ." nd stars may hide their faces, «ut httle we reck, our stars o'er deck Still glitter within their places. Let never a one who gazes on Phis pageant, (aim and splendid, IJoubt that our coasts from hostile hosts Will gallantly be defended • A desperate foe may wish us woe, But what is their |>etty knavery Against the right, when backed by might And .Vnglo-baxon bravery ? A song for our fleets— our gallant fleets, Neath flags of glory flying, 1 liat carry the aid, so long delayed, Po those tiiat are crushed and dying ' And flames may glow, and l)lood may flow But still, with a stern endeavor, We II rule the main, and lash foul Spain trom our western world forever! Will Carleton. "PRIVATE JONES." I USED to boss him in the store And a\'ersee his work, For I had charge of one whole floor And he was just a clerk. To-day it's diff-erent, if you please; «e ve changed respective |«gs, I m private in the ranks — and he's Got stripes Down His Legs. I he girls, whose smiles were once for me .Now .scarce vouchsafe a glance, I Such great attraction can they see \ In decorated pants. The erstwhile clerk no longer my Indulgence humble begs. I'm down below. He's up on high, With stripes Down His Legs. It's "Private Jones, do this and that." In liaste I must bestir — To Jenkins, on whom oft I've sat, I'm told to answer "sir! " Oiie born to rule, it's come to mss _ Of woe I drink the dregs— I'm in the army, with, alas ! No strii)es Down My Legs. Epwin L. Sabin, WELCOME HOME I H'^a^ij-^'— ' The boys '""7i:^„:."' *'"""- fro-" distant cam- '""'"^n^rg ^^''«"'' ^^-°'-ns are Past the^old places that knew them of Roar o,.t^y^ur^.elcon.e. while steeples are And our fair' city flings o,)en the door ! ''"" aJe%^?i„';"'^"^^" '^- --hes "^ WM^V'i'h 'u '^ '^' '■'•«""■- hurrahing Of the glad thousands that jostleso near POETRY OF THE WAR. fi63 ^' FlC out'tt 'V '■'' 'i' '■"•"^^'"'^"'•^ "t"^ dSth! ^^''^'^^°"'*''"°''"*^t" Past is the pestilence, fan.ineand battle- ^^ars^ dread attendants they gallantly Welcome^them hone with a welcon,e the Back to the town of the hravp^t =,«^ e • Back to the City „;i;XlTLover' Louis S. Amonson. WHERE'S THE BLAME? CHE sank without a warning note ^ The cry of fear stuck in each h'roat And, as she swerved with stricken red' They drowned like rats in cage of sTeel Masters, where's the blame > ' Tfcc'amJrr'*''^""'P''""'*'*«". int t.an or borne upon the i-alc? While mil ons rise i.ui «.i.i " Ui,„ . ."-^ "»c anu sobbiiur cf^ PEACE. y HEj^Kie of the Antilles bowed her Shehadsnap,^dherttethin v.i„ A voice called '• Halt " to Cuba's foes And an arm stretched forth to save The voice was the surge of a people's In^fr'"'f™r"'^"''«''»V' sword, W.l r^" ^"^ "", ^'"'-'™*^ thunder's roll Was the blood of heroes poured wer bravid Twas not the crash rf fiery fight ^NZhT-""'" ^'^ '■'■'"" ™°^fal right- Neath shining stars an.l rippling wave Unshnven went ,hc to iirrVrave Masters, Where's the bbme? Til the heart of the Don no' Ihe force of the Iron Han. Aiid the flag of the (Jreat Republic waved Throughout that weary land "'"'''^^'^ The dogs of war have ceased to bark 1 he wings of peace are spread. ' ^"^„^,^^^^'"°fg'ory lights' the dark J ^n the graves of a nation's dead. Hod grant these hundred days of strife May bring a hundred yeari '^' Uf plenteousness and ,)eaceful life And an utter dearth of tears. • For men are no less bra^e at home, When soldier sweethearts cease to roam And war alarms no longer. If men must work and women weep, o„7?^ should it be for others? ^' So let the dogs of war still sleep And let ail mt . be brothers Franklin Truspell. I i I 554 POETRY OF THE WAR. THE SAXONS. WK sing the fame of Saxon name, And the spell of its world-wide power, Of its triumphs vast in the glorious past, And the might of the rising hour ; And our bosoms glow, for we proudly know With the flag of right unfurled. That the strength and skill of the Saxon will Is bound to rule the world. Aiid we glory not in the empty thought That the Saxon arm is strong ; Nor alone to know, tho' 'tis surely so. That the seas to her belong. But this our pride, with Wrong defied. And the sin-cloud backward hurled. That the word of God, our triumph rod, Is bound to rule the world. In days of yore from the Saxon shore Our sea-born fathers came. They conquered then by the might of men And sword, and spear, and flame ; But to us 'tis given by the voice of Heaven, With the peace flag far unfurled. In our Union's might, by the power of Right, To rule, 'neath God, the world. Ill the olden time there were deeds sub- lime. And dear-bought victories won ; For the litarts were true on the heaving blue, ^ Or behind the fortress gun ; And they championed Right in their rising might. With their war-flags old unfurled ; Yea, Wrong went down 'neath the Saxon frown, But its smile shall rule the world. And perchance of old, if the truth be told, There were brother hearts estranged ; But the wound is healed and the friend- ship sealed As the years have upward ranged. I Let the tale of wrong, now dead so long, I With the old war flags be furled ; For a |)eace sublime, in the coming time, Is bound to rule the world. 'Tis a ajighty dower, this earth-wide power, And a mighty task involves; With our hearts steel-true, let us hold in view The might of our high resolves ; Let us stand lor Right in our race's might, With our fearless flag unfurled ; For the migiit of Love from our God above Is bound to rule the world. William R. Wood, WE ARE ALL YANKEES NOW. ONCE our nation was divided, And was rent by cruel strife. Then the Johnnies and the Yankees Threatened long to take its life. Let us shout for the Union, To the Stars and Stripes we'll bow, No party lines divide us. For we're all Yankees now. With our millions all united. And with freedom's flag unfurled. Backed by patriotic freemen, Uncle Sam can rule the world. Hebek Donaldson. HOBSON AND HIS CHOSEN SEVEN. COME, kings and queens the world around. Whose power and fame all climes resound ! Come, sailors bold and soldiers brave. Whose names shall live beyond the grave ! Come, men and women, come, boys and girls. Wherever our flag to the breeze unfurls ! Come one, come all, let none stand back, Come, praise the men of the Merrimac ' ; Out from the water, out from the fire, Out from the jaws of death most dire ! Far up in the fame and light of heavrn, See Hob.son with his chosen seven ! AS TO WAR TAXES. Unt.I some folks have but rewL For schemes for RevenucT^^ ^' For?h* "'°'f "^ «°°d advice l-or those who make the tax. Why not impose some of thrice On more deserving backs? Why make the man Sho pays a debt Add something to his ITc" '''* When there are several milbons vet Twere well not to ignore ? ^ POETRY OK THE WAR. 565 Tax nuisances, not virtues. Ther.. Is sure no lack of thej '* The man who talks while cutting hair The man demanding fees ^ ^"' For domg what he ought to do And others of his ilk; '^"' ^'■ay why Ignore the pirate crew And put so much oS silk? The Yellow Journalist should bt On evetv"''^ '° P^^ ''^^ «"ts On every one-cent extra he TaxX^"i;"'!!.""«« '■'"'"ense. 'TKar^t--^^ Tax all the saffron clergymen Forgetful of their plEe ' For every word they utter Uen They would incite the race LT^t 'ike our loved Van Wyck And Piatt, and Croker, too ^ ' To be bound fas^ 'V!»>--n Z^K^^'^ Vou-nfindtheVe'^'pl^nVhlrr I lax everywhere corruption, and ,nh,nk you'll shortly s°; Acclaim you splendidly. John Kendrick Bangs. THE BALLAD OF Private smith. QH, Private Smith went off ,o the war ., A-ieaving Sallv Ion,.v . '» ''^'l;;'i;ii.V°"''*'''-^^>^h<^toher. [ JnsJ),,s we went to roam- 'h"-'gi>gladtof.KhtinCuba yc, in transports came we homt "^ I _ ' vvas easy tacking on the sei was hard tack on the lanT- \Ve longed 'or clams- and ovst'er. »o Or «=ven oysters panneS f ^ '"' '°°- 'And in the trenches ev'rydav I An if), '"r"'*. ^""''^ bombard- I And though rain water's very soft it always came down hard! " Of course we wouldn't got so wet I B "f . "'^ not fought with Si^ n- 'l^^^f^^gl'^along 'most ev'rydav I ,, ^" .'f'n or broiling heat- ^ ^' |Cons,d'nn .h^j^^.^j^^^ We d rather fight than eat! ' ir«r fu ■'■ . "'"''"■ay smart, Ab tuU as is my heart!" M6 POfURV OF THE WAR. I TELLINQ THEM OF TAMPA. WKAKV inunthii I've- spt-nt in Tainita, where the liiK<:toiiH hardtack grows; 'Tis a wond'rons Iriiit, dear sister, which fact every soldier knows. And it grows — please pass the Imttcr I — grows in Tain|>a, as I said - Sister I just a few potatoi-s ! Mother, won't you , ass the bread 1 There's another curious product of that most peculiar land : Tis the pig-tree where the pork blooms- Mother, this roast-beef is ({rand ! \\u\ this pig-tree — Sistorl pass the stewed tomatoes down l\w way I Well, this i)ig-tree —Mother 1 say, this home-made pickle's all O K I Tell you all about our due, To our heroes who fought under Red. White and Blue, But n uar drop in pity ; humanity's due to the men who're in front of . ur guns. I 568 POETRY OF THE WAR. HONOR THE BRAVE. HONOR the deeds of heroes done In battles fought and victories won By freedom's sons o er land and sea, With loud acclaim our greetings be. Who never faltered at the call, I! It bravely answered one and ail Tile call that made dark Cuba free, And led the way to liberty. What though in death's eternal sleep, With foeinen brave some silence keep. Their fame will ever cherished be While time shall last and memory. Then stifle not one note of praise VVhen you your highest anthems raise To Him whose blessing did attend. Who from beginning saw the end. W. R. Evans. A TOAST TO OUR SHIPS. WHY do our battleships scour the main. What need of big cruisers to thrash old Spain When we have a surplus of Yankee pluck. And the Hist, the Hornet and Wampa- tuck? ^ The Spaniards scoffed at our navy of tugs. Manned by ignorant sailors and thugs; But a different tune is sung since they struck The Hist, the Hornet and Wampatuck. They blockade, cut cables, pass forts and fight; They are in it at all times, day or night. And Hidalgoes flee, when these three run amuck, The Hist, the Hornet and Wampatuck. A toast to brave Jungen, Helm and Young, May their praises loud and long be sung ■ One foot on the table, boys, " H'-re's luck " To the Hist, the Hornet and Wampatuck. OUR FLAG. NOW can the world once more the glory see Of this our flag, emblem of liberty. Now can the tyrant quake with direst f.ar As o'er his land our banners shall appear. Now can the Cubans with triumphant voice Lead on their troops to battle and rejoice. Our starry flag to Cuba peace shall bring, And through the world great songs of praise shall ring. No selfish aim shall lead our flag astray, No base desire shall point our banner's way; Each star has told a tale of noble deed. Each stripe shall mean from strife a nation free. Our glorious past when first with thirteen stars On field of blue with white and bright red bars, Our flag led on in battle's fierce array, And freed the land from mighty Britain's sway. And since this time when first it was un- furled. Our flag has proved the noblest in the world. From Cuba's shore out to Manila Bay Its mighty folds protecting fly to-day. Beneath this flag with patriotic pride For freedom's cause great men have gladlv died, Our noblest sons beneath its folds so free In conflict died for Cuba's liberty. Float on, dear flag, our nation's greatest joy, Thy starry folds no despot shall de.stroy ; Stretch out thy arms till war forever cease, And all the worid is universal peace, Chas. F. Alsop. THE ISLANDS OF THE SEA. In thick clouds and in darkness He has sent abroad His word : He has given a haughty nation to th. cannon and the stord. ' He has given the wasted talent of th^ steward faithless found ^ ^°^aLSrcrl?er^--^^^^ "^St'ltd^trT"^ where none ^^bttttro?.'"^-^-^---^^ He called her to do vengeance for her own sons foully dead; 'Tea?kL'd^;^" "-° '^^ b^^ore she She has gathered the vast Midland she There'L'T'^"^ ^'' ^"^^^^^ ^onndl rhSn ^'*" \'"'S'^»y Costing of her children on the ground : Her searchlights lie along the sea her guns are loud on land; ' ^" tu'^iSsTaSr^-'^^^"^-- '^'%trt?::.^°'"'"-^-"*^o either '^'"'fbTtrbr'"^^'^^^^^'^^'^"^- ,.,.,. '5 P^°f flaming hell; '^VerhTa^v^trc:^^^^^^^ ^^tttfnfdrn"^"^^^^"''^^--- Tlie Inquisition priesthood and the dun wuFT"'^^'''S crown, ^"" stoir3'' 'k" ^'^^^^ "'^ battle our starry dawn burst out. POETRY OF THE WAR. 659 '"'■'X^yrr''""" *" <'°''' -* "' I'yS/'" '^"'"' -' "« Te „„ Ifp mountain road, throueh iimai« ^^ our bravest fo^ thee fo,/ ^''^'"^^'^ There is no blood so precious as their wounds pour forth for thee • Sweet be thv iovc fr»^ \. ,> t iiiy joys, tree Cuba— sorrows have made thee free. """ows '°^sfrto^wS^-^--^o-tso ''"ii;?pith.'^'^^^^'^^-'^°"o--n ^rSjse^Si-^"-— otfor %hrbrL':'^'"'^"^^-^-h^^^^^^^ ''''1?os?nTi^e^"°'''^^'^''^^G°^hath "'^ 'o'fS: I"*"" "^^^-^^^he islands He lifteth up.'He casteth down He ■- ti>eK,ng of kings, "' "^ '= Whose dread commands o'er awe stn.^l. lands are borne on eagr/s-rngr' George K. Woodberrv. SOLDIER TOMMYS COMING pHANGEth' sheets an- cool th'piller We have brought the haughty Spaniard to his knees to sue for peace • Are we only wise in battle ? Are we fools when fightings cease ? Shall we with a child's abandon throw what we have won away Counting as of no advantage, this, our gateway to Cathav ? Yield again unto the foeman land whereon our boys have trod ; Land he could not hold ngainst us ? Never in the name of God ! ' WHO'S TO BLAME? C AYS Sternberg : " Ah me, . Y ^'"•''"'■^ I "lired doctors enough. And gave 'cm q- (nine and other stuff. Tain'tme." Says Alger: ' Just see ! I sent 'steen million pounds of meat . For the soldier Ljys to eat. 'Tain't me." Says Shafter, say:; he : "My business down ti.ere was to fight And not to see that the grub was right 'Tain't me." . COLUMBIA TO CUBA. VES, Oh Sister Cuba, 1 Wo heard your troubled call. We are coming, Sister Cuba, Yes, we art coming one and all. Our cleaving prows are flashing back the spray; Iron arms, brave hearts, are speeding to the fi /. No tyrant's iron h?.nd Shall glean your -lorious soil ; 1a t every man his own command. Your humblest sons enjoy t!,.?ir toil. Iron beaks, dashine- onward t'>-' ""h thf tide, " -3"^ne Are bearing comfort to fair Cuba's side. 3d 56] > A ROUGH RIDER AT HOME. I\l\ Y pa's a great Rough Rider, aL. "^ ^'f'?"'^ °f '^'^ddy's men, And he lough i bdbre El Caney In the trendies and the fen He came home sore and wounded. And I wish you'd see him eat: He s got an apijetite, 1 guess, Is jjretty hard to beat : It's eat and eat and eat And its sleep and sleep and sleep, For ma won't let us make no noise. And so we creep and creep. O, we bade him welcome home And we're glad he wasn't killed— l^iit, gee ! he's got an appetite I hat never will be filled. He says he caught the fever And he had the ague, too ; And he kind o' got the homesicks And the waitin' made him blue But when he reached the station And we .saw him from the gate We were the happie>t family You could find in all the State. >^ WHITE AND BLACK. VOU call him " man and brother ■ 1 But when tlie trouble comes, ' When eager legions gather To the long roll of the drums; W hen sad farewells are spoken ,,^;^"d hearts are on the rack, When fond home ties are broken He must stand aside— he's black. And yet, on history's pages His race has made its mark Black heroes filled the "crater" With their bodies stiff and stark In honor England holds them And rates the Englishman ' v\ ith Sikhs and fiery Ghurkas ; The terrors of Soudan. On many a bloody war path Thiuugh the wild and arid West Hot on the murdering hostiles' trail Our troopers black have pressed 662 POETRY OF THE WAR. Though racked by thirst and hunger IJn.^T^'' scorching days and nights. Until tiiey've struck their quarry And avenged tiie slaughtered whites. Then do the black race justice: I hey' I, e,ger for the Iray, And in th. reeking Cuban swamps •thy yet may save the day— i^irm hands to sight the rifle, bpite the color of their skin. Though his head be white-our eagle Has black feathers in his wing. H. A. RoBY. MARCHING TO CUBA. WE'RE going down to Cuba, boys, to battle for the right We're going to show those Spaniards AnH K "^u ^^"^^^ ^oy« can fight, And when they see us coming they'll scatter left and right, ^ When we march into Cuba, Hurrah, hurrah, we'll sound the jubilee. Hurrah, hurrah, boys, Cuba shall be free; And so we'll sing the chorus, from Mt. „-, trretna to the sea, While we are marching to Cuba •Twas in Manila Bay, boys, our ships the loe did meet, We didn't need a hurricane to wreck the bpanish fleet, But just one Dewey morning and our Vict ry was complete. As we were maching to Cuba. In Santiago harbor Sampson has them bottled tight. Hobson put the cork in, and we think he did It right : And when they find they can't get out they 11 have to stand and fight. When we march into Cuba. With Dewey, Schley and Sampson we need not have a fear, For they will guard the harbors while we attack the rear; We 11 plant our flag on Murro. and L'ive one mighty cheer. When we march into Cuba. W. Gilbert Kayser. aOD BLESS OUR BOYS IN BLUE. Tune— " America:' /^OD bless our boys in blue, ^f^oy^^ and brave and true, Oh, bless them all! Watch o'er them in Thy might, As they go forth to fight, To battle for the right, To stand or fall. Oh, be with every one, Each sturdy, gallant so'n, Who goes to war. Be Thou their guard and guide. Whatever may betide, Oh. be Thou by their side, As ne'er before. Anna Elizabeth Wilson. A TARDY PATRIOT. R^S^?? ""^ ""^"''^ '° ^^ar were gone, I "■} u*'^* °'^^'""'" ^"d martial t^ead 1 scorned the gallant boys in blue. And to myself, contented, said • An unjust strife. Why should one go TT. P S' '^^"^^^'^ the tropics' skies F'!fr T h'?"'^' f^" 'I'his my thought E er I had seen fair Gertrude's eyes " V^l'^ ^'3°"''^ '? "'^ against old Spain ? ' ' I loudly cried. " Can it be braVe A J"^ a weaker nation to bay And cast our manhood in the grave? R Jhf '\T ''°"'' ^"'"'^' fo'^ooth; Ked blood the wine that warfare sins- I care not for the draught," quoth I,^" Before I knew of Gertrude's lips. But when the troops came home from war Frn^ r k'^T ^^•■''■"de. eyes a-light, From ruby lips warm kisses throw lo men in uniforms bedight : A patriot, with fervor, then wvK ''^r^^"* ""y '"'"'^' as women do. With all my ardent heart I wished Ihat I had been a soldier too. THE BANNER BETSEY MADE adelphi? ^ ^°''' " ^''^'^ '^dy of Fhil^ ^E have nicknamed it "Old Glory" ; ' As It floats upon the breeze On';L^T'!?' ^°"^^"d story ' Far above the shining river, Over mountain, glen and glade With a lame that lives forever Streams the banner Betsey made. Once it went from her, its maker, n lu^ ^^°'y ""^ the wars. Once he modest little Quaker ,„5^,^''3'f"dded it with stars; And her fingers, swiftly flying In the banner Betsey made POETRY OF THF. WAR. oC When at last her needle rested Went tlif h^^"'''f'^ ^"'■'^ ^^^s done Went the banner, love invested. AnH .1 f "?P' °'" Washington : And the glorious continentals Jn the morning light arrayed ^^?°^"? ragged regimentals Neath the banner Betsey made. Ho>v they cheered it and its maker ^ hey the gallant sons of Mars "7^th^y blessed the little QuSer And her flag of stripes and starJ' 'Neath US folds, the foemen scoSg AnH.?*'?'''y°""*^^"d blade, ^' ^^^.t'^^breezes of the morning Kissed the banner Betsey made. /vvm''^"^'"'.''"^'''"*^''" in glory ' With a pride we love to see ^ I^anreled with a nation's glory Waves the emblem of the free- To tt'^"^^f^-P'"^^°^ Northland In fl? ^^eP »'ng everglade, In the sunny heart of Southland floats the banner Betsey made A protector all have found it And beneath it stands no slave On the land and on the wave In the foremost fror.t of battle ' Borne by jieroes not afraid 'Mid the muskefs doonS lule Soared the banner iJetsey made. Now she sleeps whose fingers flvine VV.th a heart to freedom true ^ Mingled colors bright, uiTdy?;' I-ashjoned stars and field of blue • It will lack for no defenders "' VV hen the nation's foes invade 'Nealh'?)""^^ '°'' '' «P'^"dor' Weath the banner Betsey made. 1'- C. Harbaugh. WLOST HIS CHARM. HEN first he came back from camn She^coddledandki^edanThugS And though lie looked like a tramp Buti ow thi he' "" ^'^ ^"^^^^2: 3^AnrhSt-^;-/'P-J^;haved, And she's got another fellow! MARY DEAR IN NINETY-EIOHT "Q Mary, dear, O Mary, sweet! Nar I.. • !I° ^^ ^°"'" ^'"'e fairy feet- Na) lassie, do not scornful start- I Jay my fortunes and ray heart A ^i ^°" "'I'' ''^ ""y o-*n. own wife A dream of ease will be vour he And all that love and gold can do Mary, dear, I'll do for yS"' ''I scorn your heart, I srorn your poW 1 have a sweetheart brave and bold^ One of a battleship's brave crew ' My sailor sweetheart tried and t^e. "He has no gold, but strong and leal And as he loves his country so,^ ^'' He 11 love his own own wffe, I know" M. Phelps Dawson. 6(54 POETRY OF THE WAR. ^ ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED. A IS for Admiral, impassionate, cold, Who waits for instructions, and does as he's told. B stands for Brooklyn, commanded by Schley , The hottest of liners he takes on the fly, C is for Cuba, a tignt little isle ; To get which we may have to fight quite a while D is — yes, Dewey, a teacher of Spanish , The first lesson caused all his pupils to vanish. E stands for Evans, who's never so happy As when there's a chance to get in something "scrappy." F is for Freedom, which means a great deal When your neck has been under a vile Spanish heel. G is for Germany, whose rude employees Should learn better manners; be taught to say please. H stands for Heroes, on land and on sea, Who laid down their lives for their friends' liberty. I's for Insurgents, who holler for aid ; Then eat up the rations and loaf iii the shade. J is for Jones, Davy Jones, if you will, Whose lockers we've twice had occasion to fill. K stands for King, the youn ,' King of Spain, Who's been led to regret what hap- pened the Maine L is for Long, who has great common sense, And in whom the people place all con- fidence. M's for McKinley, we welcome the fact That he's handling this matter with very great tact. N is for Nelson, Nelson A. Miles, On whom we depend to o'ercomc Span- ish wiles. O's the Oquendo, a powerful cruiser ; But on a long pig-hunt they managed to lose her. P's Porto Rico , the place had some forts, But, no doubt, ere this they've been knocked out of sorts Q is for Queen, most jnhappy of 'adies, Who fears, perhaps rightly, our visit to Cadiz. R's for Reporters, they're well to thr fore, But they mustn't imagine they're run- ning this war. S is for Shatter, a man of great girth, In spite of which fact he is proving I. is worth. T stands for Toral, whose acted campaign Was played for the gallery over in Spam. U is for Union, the only cement To strengthen a State and disruptions prevent. V's for Vizcaya ; she made a great show. But proving a nuisance, we sent her below W IS for Wainwright, whose motto must be "The greater the odds, the better for me." X is the cross that is put against .'^, ain, And means that she's out of the Blue Book again Y's for the youngsters that sneaked to the front, And gave their poor mammas no end of a hunt. Z's for the zeal that has hall-marked this fight; This quality wins when stamped upon right. A. C. Needham. THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY. AT break of dawn Manila Bay A sheet of limpid water lay. Extending twenty miles away. Twenty miles from shore to shore, As creeping on a squadron bore As squadron never moved before. Majestic in its hidden might. It passed Corregidor ;it night, Inspired to battle for the right. And grandlv on the Flagship led, Six ships— Olympia e'er ahead — With battle flags at each masthead POETRY OF THE WAR. dG5 Thu Daltimorc and Raleigh true, The Petrel, Boston, Concord, too, Their flags of glory proudly flew. As early daylight broke upon 'i he bay— before the rise of sun- Was seen the flash of opening gun ! »l'lun every second heard the roar Of shell and shrapnel bursting o'er Our brave, undaunted Commodore ! " Hold our fire ! " he calmly said, As from the bridge he bravely led To death or glory on ahead ! And from his Hi s or from his hand But one direction, one command, " Follow the Flagship by the land." Full t*v( nty mii.utes slowlv crept Ere liyhtning from our turrets leapt, And p( nt-up hell no longer slept ! 'Ihc SiKinish fleet, a dozen strong, Was now in range, and haughty wrong Was swept by awful fire along. ExploMons wild destruction brought 'Mid flames that mighty havoc wrought. As either side in fury fought. So back and forth in angry might, The Stars and Stripes waved on the fight, 'Mid bursting shells in deadly flight! The Spanish decks with dead were strewn, Their guns on shore were silenced soon, Their flags were down ere flus i of noon! Their ships, their batteries on the shore Were gone to fight again no more— Their loss, a thousand men or more ! Dawned on the fleet that Dewey led A miracle, while Spaniards bled ; For on our side was not one dead I The battle of Manila Bay From mind shall never pass away— Nor deeds of glory wrought that day ; For mid that battle's awful roar 1 lie Spanish pride, to rise no more Was humbled by our Conniiodore. ' CORWIN P. Ross. THE POET SOLDIER. H ^ V^l*^ ^""^^ l'°^"'s all his life, 1 1 And after twenty years of strife His name was simply Amos. He went to war and killed a Don. And now he's got brass buttons on, And now hi<: name is famous. HARDSHIPS OF WAR. A T Santiago he had lumbago, r\ At Tampa the fever and chills; ^'l E' Caney the weather was ramy, And there he had other ills. ^\''^f^^i^C^^PAli^eT and L,ot neuralgia, And at Montauk the fever yellow But at home was the blow that laid' him low. His girl had another fellow. CLIPS AND COMMENTS. IT is but a Spanish custom ; I It was not the youngster's fault Ihat he never had the training An^J'^V,?' 'T'1 ^^^P '^™ "^» his salt. And he couldn't raise a protest A„J^r**°^^"'^^"h™^heycame, And they solemnly afl^icted The poor infant with the name. "AlonsoXIir, Leon Ferdinand Maria James Isidore Pascal Antonio." And it's not at all surprising That in business of state. And in military matters All his people come too late. For it's likely to occasion An embarrassing delay When they rally up their cohorts, And they ston to shout " Hoorav For Alfonso XI II, Leon Ferdinand Maria James Isidore Pascal Antonio I" 066 POETRY OF THE WAR. THE WARRIOR'S RBTURN. FROM the Held of war 1 come, Sweet Marie; Will you kiss me welcome liome, Love to thcf ? 1 am only skin and bones, All my sweetest songs are groans, And I am full of army jjrunes As can be. ! I got it in the neck. Sweet Marie. 1 am but a battered wreck, Don't you see? In the mud and rain I slept Willie the very heavens wept. And the buzzards vigil kept Over me ! When I 'listed I was fat. Sweet Marie ; Never was a Thomas cat Spry as me. 1 could lift a bar'I of beer, I could run like any deer. And there never was a tear In my e'e, Now I'm thinner than a ghost, Sweet Marie ; You could make a hitching post Out of me. Every joint that's in my frame Is with fever stiffness lame— Oh ! Gehenna was no name For the spree ! But I'm with you once again. Sweet Marie, Though you seem not to iden- Tify me. Now that I am on my feet And will have a chance to eat, I'll accumulate more meat Than you see. From the bitter quinine pills, (Ugh ! O ! Gee !) And from Santiago chills I am free. Now I'll live almighty high, And I soon will be as spry As the boy you kissed good-by. Sweet Marie Sweet Marie, list to me. list to me. Sweet Marie. Though a living skeleton now you see, I have got the framework yet, And the meat I soon will get, We'll be happy yet, you bet, Swe-ee-e-et Marie-e-e-e-e. THE FLAG AT AQUADORES. ^/i Incident of the War. T^f, fleet came steaming uj) the coast With Sampson in the lead; His guns well pointed, fore and aft To meet an instant need. ' I But little prospect then there was To meet the hoped-for fray, As Admiral Cervera's fleet Was land-locked in the bay. 'Twas just off Aguadores fort When, on the bastions high. The Suawanee saw the Spanish flag Hung out against the sky. "Now it would be discourtesy," Said Delehanty then, " To pass it unsaluted by— We may not call again." " Quick! signal tc the Admiral, ' Permission ask to bring That flag to earth ' "—the signal flew— But came no answering ! Again the Suawanee's signal waved ^^ Its fluttering, urgent plea, "Ah, read the answer, read it, man!" "Take three shots— only three." "Three shots to bring the Spaniard down : They're precious— yes, and few. ■^^' ^.'^"^^ '^^ 8°°^^ six-pounder now ; Way for Lieutenant Blue ! " Boom ! roared the starboard rifle then ; All eyes were turned to shore. But still the Spanish bannei waved More saucy than before. POETRY OF THE WAR. 667 Again the big gun's gleaming eye Hashed quicitly o'er tiie seas: Ihf wall was rent, but still the flag Was flaunting in the breeze. " Come, Blue," said Delehanty then, His brow with gloom o'ercast, " The Suawanee has but one more shot— You must not miss the last." Again the rifle turned— the sight Was taken long and well. Crash ! spoke the gun ; the hills and shore l*lung back the .sounding knell. And as the smoke was upward blown Beyond the shaken main. The flag staff tottered from its hold • Down dropped the flag of Spain. ' Then, bursting from the Yankee decks, A mighty cheer arose. It echoed to the shore and struck New terror to our foes. And PS the echo died away, 1 here, streaming in the sun. The flag-ship's signal fluttered out : "Well done, Suawanee, well done!" John Jerome Rodney. OUR HEROES. Air— ^< Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, the Boys are Marching.'' IN the battle front you stood 1 ^yhen the fierce onslaught was made, trom the trenches on San Juan hill • But before the Spanish knew Our gallant boys in blue Were upon them in the trenches, brave and true. CHORUS. Welcome home, ye gallant heroes. Welcome home— yes, one and all. Who went forth, like gallant men, to fight our battles again, In the cause of humanity. While encamped upon the field, Ready to fight and not to yield' To any foreign foe or Spanish Don : For our Yankee boys will figlit In a cause that's just and right, And they're in it to a man with all their might. Some had fallen on the plain. Others with fevers they were slain But their hearts were ever brave and true; In mem'ry they shall last. Though their time on earth is passed, l-or they've gone to join the God of bat- ties in heaven anew. And our starry banner free, Shall float o'er America, For our government has no conquest in its plan ; Porto Rico we shall keep. As indemnity Spain can't meet, To pay for lessons taught by Uncle Sam, THE MAINE TRAMP. TRAMP, TRAMP. NORTH, South and East and West the boys will stand abreast, At Uncle Sam's first call they will be there ; A brave and mighty band, they will come from all the land, At the summons they will spring from everywhere 1 CHORUS. Tramp, tramp, tramp, soon we'll be marching, Cheer up ! we will get at Spain ! Soon our waiting will be past, and we'll have a chance at last To revenge the boys who went down with the Maine. Let McKinley give the sign, all the men will fall in line, The blue will cheer the gray, the gra-. ' the blue ! Everywhere they will unite, and together they w' fight, To the honor of our country ?ver true. 508 POETRY OF THK WAR. From ilic cotton field tlioy'll come at the tap|)ing of the drum, From the cities of the North by thou- sands pour ; From the broad plains of the West they will (all in with the rest, All heroes brave and trusty to the core. Let it come whene'er it may, they'll be ready night or day To rally 'round Old Olorv as of yore : And a imllion valiant men will go march ing onward when The old man gives the signal for the war! "QOD BLESS OUR SOLDIER BOYS." 'THEY daily ihrong the busy streets, I I'heir stmburnt faces all unsrarred, With smdes for ev'ry friend who greets. Their lives and fortunes still tmmarred. We watch them in their uniforms, And like to hear their fun and noise We say, because they braved war's stornis: " God bless our gallant soldier boys !" They mingle with us once again, Their warm hands fondly clasp our own ; 1 he boys who suddenly were men, Far older in their bravery grown. Their fresh young hearts are yet un- changed ; Just as of old they share our joys ; Though far and often they have ranged, God bless our faithful soldier boys I They rallied round our nation's flag When came the call for volunteers. For all were ready, none would lag; They went, regardless of our tears. Iheir letters are our dearest hoard, ^ And unjust comment much annoys; Each one is worthy of a sword, God bless our noble soldier boys I For many know the heat of strife. The awful sound of shot and shell. "The scenes that were with horrors rife. Of whu h some do not care to tell. Their silence, sadness, too, imparts, And present pleasure oft alloys ; Ah, still we .-.ay with grateful hearts: " God bless our fearless soldier boys!" Mrs. Findlev Braden. BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC. MINE eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord, He is tramping out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored ; He hath loosed the fateful lightning of his terrible swiit sword; His truth is marching on. CHORUS. Glory ! Glory Hallelujah ! Glory ! Glory i Glory Hallelujah ! ^ ^ ' Glory ! Glory Hallelujah ! His truth is marching on. I have seen him in the watch-fires of a hundred circling camps, I hey have builded Him an altar in the evening dews and damps; I can read his righteous sentence by tli- dim and flaring lamps; His day is marching on. I have read a fiery gospel writ in burnished rows of steel ; As ye deal with my contemners, so with you my grace shall deal. Let the hero born of woman crush the ser- pent with his heel, Since God is marching on. He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat ; He is^sifting out the hearts of men before His judgment-seat ; Oh, be svyift, my soul, to answer Him : be jubilant, my feet! Our God is marching on. In the beauty of the lilies Christ was ")orn across the sea. With a glory in his bosom that transfigures you and me; As He died to make men holy, let us die to make men free, While God is marching on. Julia Ward Howe. POETRY OF THK WAR. THE MAINE RtD, WHITE AND BLUE. A,t—"/ie,i, n/u/f ami lilue." I KT us honor the dead of our nation, I-* the sailors so brave and so true , A-\^}''' ""'' ''*^*'* '" 'he ocean, who .,,. ^'«a 'or the red, white and bhic. I he battleship Maine is their casket, their souls are with God in review And widows and orphans are mourning the loss to the red, white and blue. CHORUS. Three cheers for the red, white and blue! 1 hree cheers for the sailor boys ti. el 1 hree cheers for our loyal White Squad- ron, ' And three for the red, white and blue I | The ironclad Maine at Havana, like a monarch of it bsolute rule Undreaming of woe or disaster, undream- I ingof knave or of tool, Lay at rest and at peace in the harbor, the ' stars watching o'er her brave crew. I When death and destruction o'ertook her and sullied the red, whitf and blue.' ! CHORUS. Then honor the dead of her crew, 1 hen honor the living so true • xIa^'I ^""T *^^ '°y^' White'squadron, And cheer for the red, white and blue ! if Treachery's hand held the missile that shattered our noble ship Maine, America's grieved population will discover It, even in Spain; And the God of our Fathers in justice to wri, ^''^.f^^se of the brave and the true. Will guide us in wiping dishonor from our beautiful red, white and blue. Joseph Kerr. FROM THE RANKS. ^F Cuba we sing and for Cuba we pray, v-/ And a ransom for Cuba we offer to-day ; Our nrien give their manhood, our women their toil, ftH!> F. r freedom for those whom the Spaniards ULSpOll. ' Pale ,:hnd Of the tropics, you mourn not tul wh n ' '°"f '^ ^•>' y°;"" ^S^^i^^^d moan ; And while- widows and orphans in Cuba are weeping, '" Let thrm think not the heart of this nation I is sleeping. ; B^ve^.^^ of Columbia, rise in your ; ^"'^^!'']J['.^ ^fe'^'" for the weak and the j Show despots abroad, with their menacing r'^'arEfn^e^'''''^^^'"^^''----- ' "^'"J'r'cS"' ''' """^'^ '""^'^ «'^" «' i''''gSsl^lf""'^^'"'''^-''^^^P^^^^^ When with true hearts around us their faithful watch keeping SsSpinr''^^""'''^^°"^"^''°" Thei> ^c^anker spot taste of our bayonet ^"'^orpiir'''^'"^' our ensign on billow ^^'* 'ihe Ma^n"; r.^'^^'^^^^^-" ^eniember ^"y^;;^„'^^«'^of'he rifle, the boom of the Be the herald of victory soon to be won Then while de.th in the battle do d wno^'^^'^'^'" '««"eeping, WillSpamsav. "Lo, thearmofthena. tion issleejjing?" i"c lu. ^"'fame' """' '^'^'^y'^^ «tar of i„ Has^isen togild with new lustre our &70 POETRY OF THE WAR. I .' '^'ine c/'ilts, and his broad boiO)»«» As new uoi^liies arc his at each shriek of our shells ; And as soldier and sailor their night watch arc keeping, Tht-y sing low, •' 'I'he foes of our nation are sleeping." Marian A. Ely. AN IMMORTAL DEED. THERE'S a gap in the dusky shadows Where fhc sky meets the dim coast- line, Where tho Spaniard guards the harbor mouth With cannon, warship and mine. There's American men at sea to-night; Look well how your searchlights shine. A hulk that glides in the shadows past By the warships grim and tall, A handful of men on a lonely deck, Their lives at their country's call : With a muttered cheer and a low " God speed," Then a silence over all. There's a cry and a shot from the Morro, "The American ship is near ! " " Q'lick ! To your guns ! " The snots ring fast. She's in the fairway clear. A rattle of chain and her anchors plunge. The end of her course lies here. Slow swings with the ebb 'cross channel, The rudder post grates on the bar- Torpedoed, she sinks, and the sullen tide Laps close round stack and spar. There's ji cluster of heads on the shot- sck d wave " Trust ti, i •-;• f tiif^ Yankee tar ! " ^ m'u'" ^ ^ -' "^ ' '•'' '»'^>e of fret-dom. Where S'vn-.T:^ :vid iJushing St i' ' There's a p\-.. on h,- pages of history bor th- names of this pallant band. An I this deed shall live till time shall end ill the annals of Yankeeland. THE SOLDIER'S DREAM. OUR bugles sang taps, and 'twas lime to turn in Till morning, and drill, and wlulc'er might betide. Six under one blanket, and that pretty thin ; And hardtacii and bacon the lining m side. The menu to-morrow the same as to date — Just coffee and hardtr':k and bacon, ct cet. Et cet. stands for beans, when we'n- smiled on by fate. And the force commissarial doesn't forget. While I snuggled that night in the midst of the heap (Quite thankful my turn on the oin skirts had passed. For we in the middle lie warm, and cm sleep) A vision perplexing my slumbers har- assed. It seemed that I stood in the camp by myself, And lo, near at hand, was a big apple pie; But as I advanced, there appeared tiie same elf Whose lips I had touched in the dear by and by. The girl? Or the pic T \;tpie? Or sweet girl i The charms of the two for supremacy fought. Was ever a soldier with brain so awhirl ! Before me was realized my innermost thought. Which first ? Here were waiting a pie and a kiss. The lass was so fair ! And the i)ie was fresh baked ! — But ere I accomplished the acme of bliss A comrade turoed over, and then I EW2.kcd, POETRY or THE WAR. THE HERO DOWN ULLOW. IN the awlul heat and torture 1 or ihc fires that Itai. ami dance In and out the furnace doorh that never close, On ii> silence he must work, I'or with hin, there's ne'er a chance O.. his brow to ieel the outer breeze that blows. For they've locked him in a room, Down below. In a burning, blazing tomb, Down below, Where he cannot see the sky, Cannot learn in time to (ly, When destruction stalketh nigh, Down below. Though his name is never mentioned, I hough we see or know him not, I hough his deeds may never bring him _ worldly fame, He's a man above the others— And the biavest of the lot— And t!;e hero of the battle, just the same. He's the man who does the work, Down below. From the labor does not shirk, Down below. He is shoveling day and night, deeding flames a-blazing bright Keeping up a killing fight, * Dow-i below. MISTER SOJER MAN. F ^l^'^ ^S^ '''"« '" '""o' wid you. 1 Mister Sojer Man ; Never did look good in blue. Mister Sojer Man. ^ides dat, I got my wuk ter do— Feed myse'i en fambly, too; Ain't got time ter fool vid you Mister Sojer man I Go 'long now en fight yo' fight. Mister Sojer Man ; Fling dem bombshells lef ' en right Mister Sojer Man. Got ter hoe dat cotton white, Keep dat nutgrass out er sight : Oo lone now <»p f!"-J»» ..«> j^-i.. Mister Sojer man 1 ' " ' 671 , THE EIOMI YANKEE SEAMEN. \UK have read ol llic noble .six hundred .r Who rode to the gate oi hell ; J low cannon roared right ami Uftofihem And many a noble man fell. They were or.lered, and each did his tint y A soldier must always obey— Itut the volunteer eight Yankee seamen Have eclipsed the six hundred to-day. There was death both below and above them. Torpedoes and bullets aiu ^^hell ■ lliey .steamed from our lleet „ the midst Ot It, And their comrades wished them fare- well. God guarded these kings of th. ocean,. He honored the brave and tlu true : Ihe nation salutes to their honor, Ihe enemy honored them, too. Edward G. Dkaper. PEACE. THLworKisuiought; the cannon , roar 1 On sea or land is heard no more: 1 he battle s rage and tumult cease In songs of victory and i)eace. The Heaven -appointed task is done- Ihe cause for which we fought is won And tuba Libre, fairest gem, is set in Freedom's diadem. The islands of the sea rejoice; The floods lift up their mighty voire; I'rom shore to shore the anthems rise- A nation's grateful sacrifice. Manila's waters, blue and broad, Ketlect the righteousness of God ; And Santiago's wreck-strewn shore Kesounds His praise forevermore. Long a.s the stars shall .shine o'erhead, In deathless fame shall live the dead,- 1 heir country's glory and renown liieir fadeless, everlasting crown. rt^ "^,°''"'"K l^reaks ' the shadows flee ! ^-nnst s kingdom comes on land and sea , ine rule of love, the reieti of ,-nod — ihe whole round world one broiherhood. Benjamin Copeland. I' 572 POETRY OF THE WAR. OUR AMERICAN WOMEN. THE inaid who binds her warrior's sash With smile that well her pain dissem- bles, The while beneath her drooping lash One starry tear-drop hangs and trem- I bles, Though Heaven alone records the tear, And Fame shall never know her story. Her heart has shed a drop as dear As e'er bedewed the field of glory ! The wife who girds her husband's sword, Mid little ones who weep or wonder. And bravely speaks the cheering word,' What though her heart be rent asunder, Doomed nightly in her dreams to hear The bolts of death around him rattle, Hath shed as sacred blood as e'er Was poured upon the field of battle ! I'he mother who conceals her grief While to her breast her sons he presses Then breathes a few brave words and brief, Kissing the patriot brow she blesses, With no one but her secret God To know the pain that weighs upon her, Sheds holy blood as e'er the sod Received on Freedom's field of honor ! Thomas Buchanan Read. With footfall soft as dew at morn. These coliorts sweep the bending'corn, Where battle once was laid. The mark of God's eternal peace Their countenances bear; And freed from all unholy hate, They shine with that exalted state Which heaven's angels share. Thomas S. Denison. THE MAN WHO COOKS THE QRUB. \X7E have read in song and story y Of " the man behind the gun," He is given all the glory Of the battles that are won ; They are filling up the papers With his apotheosis. And they tell about his capers While the shells above him hiss. But behind the grimy gunner. Steadfast through the wild hubbub, Stands a greater god of battles— 'Tis the man who cooks the grub. MARCH OF THE DEAD BRIGADE. NO sound disturbs the drowsy dawn, As forms the dead brigade ; Its silent ranks, in serried lines, (Wide onward toward the springing pines, All phantoms in parade. Their steps bend not the drooping corn. These warriors all are ghosts. In rank and file, with solemn tread, Their captains marching at the head, Move ©n these silent hosts. From out the tented camp of death, Their flag of peace displayed, When the sky is rent with thunder And the shell screams through the air, When some fort is rent asunder And Destruction revels there. When the men in line go rushing On to glory or to woe With the maddened charges crushing Htroes who are lying low, There is one but for whose labors There could be no wild hubbub. And the greatest god of battles Is the man who cooks the grub. What of ships with armor plating? What of castles on the heights? \V hat of anxious captains waiting While the careful gunner sights? What of all the long-range rifles? What of men with valiant hearts? I liese were but impotent trifles. But inconsequential parts Of the whole, without the fellow Who must scour, scrape and scrub- I'or the greatest god of battles Is the man who cooks the grub. ^jmummmmumum V^ •"—->. POETRY OF THE WAR. 67a THE TIN SOLDIER. I N the days of peace, of a peace now fled, 1 On the hardened i)ave of a city street, Ringing clear, came the measured tread And the rhythmic swing of the march- ing feet, Swinging along in their brave array. While the cynic smiled his smile of gall — "They're babies out for a holiday, They're only tin soldiers; that is all," From the lakes to the gulf the war drum beats, While the bugle sounds for the call to dtath, And men surge thick in the city streets. While their cheeks burn hot with the war god's breath. For the blood mounts high in the fevered veins At the call to arms for a righteous blow • Though the field shows red wliere the war god reigns, Yet the same tin soldier is the first to go. In the sullen roar of the cannonade, 'Mid bursting bombs and the shriek of shell, As gallant a charge as was ever made Through the flame-lit pit of a flarine hell; ^ Mowed as the forest before the fire. The bulldog merged in his master, man, On with a courage that cannot tire — The alleged tin soldier is in the van. WE FIQHT FOR LIBERTY. LIKK a dark cloud of warning our fleet rolls out to sea — Rolls out upon the ocean to make a peo- ple tree; "^ Across the raging waters behold the lightning's flash, Across the deep's mad billows hear the thunders crash ! Once more the nation rises, a giant strong and bold, ** To strike the blow for freedom, in song and story told ; Let kings turn pale with anger, if angry they must be, We are the sons of freemen, we fight for liberty. Let others war for plunder— unholy be their fight; Although we are the mighty, we fight but for the right ; God bless our arms and armies upon the sea and land, And "lay the hand that guides them have hold of Thine Own Hand ! Lee FAiRCHii.b. THE SHIPS ARE SAILING HOME. The ghostly beams of the moon shine down On a ghastly heap of the mangled slain. And it lights a face that is strong and brown. And a shattered form that held soul and brain ; And the all that is left of that splendid whole, Touched by the moon in the midnight sky, T>'\h at the morning's muster roll 'J'hat the brave tin soldier knew how to die! SPEED forth the tidings through the land. From prairied plain to rock-girt strand And o er the Southern foam- Safe from the conflict's wreck and brawl. All smoke-begrimed but victors all. The ships come sailing home ! From Santiago's reddened sea The rolling billows carry free The news to farthest Maine- The stately ships are drawing nigh. Whose topmost peaks the signals fly That wrought such woe to Spain. Cheers for their deeds of valor done. Cheers for the man behind the gun • Let all the banners flv. Welcome to Sampson's men of pride, Cheers for the Brooklyn's battered side, ii'or Look and dauntless Schley ! M ! ! i! '-i • u POETRY OF THK WAR. Let lexas boast of Philip's name, While Indiana joins th' acclaim Witli Taylor bold and brave; The Iowa with Evans, see. Whose lieroes for humanity Risked death the foe to save. >li, who can number every name, And the living envy the fortunate dead As they hght for the pittance ot butter- less bread. They herd like bea.ts in a slaughter pen; I hey live like cattle and suffer l,ke men. Why, set by the horrors of such a life "., wiiu can numoer every name, ""ny, set by the horrors of such a life ^igsbee, the Gloucester, Wainwright's ^^'^^ » merry-go-round seems the battle', fame strife; ^-tmes And hers, so dearly won ; Cheers for iier fight, her journey's length, ^nd the open sea and the open boat Cod send her captain health and strength, M^"d the deadly cannon with bellowing Clark and the Oregon ' throat, ^ And give a thought to them to-day Neath tropic skies, 'mid storm and fray A weary length who roam- How will the cheers dwell far and wide, When o er the broad Pacific's tide The ships come sailing home ! Dorothy L. Morton. HEROES OF WAR AND PEACE. A V, that is a story that takes one's breath, How the men rowed out in the face of death. Rowed as calmly as fishermen may Who haul their nets at the break of day. But never was fish net hauled in the wea- ther That rifle and cannon and shell together, Rained on those sailors who drew from Its bed The wise sea serpent and crushed its head. ^u\TJ^I '^^'" ''"■^ ^^^y- '"^""g and storv bhall add their names to the list of glory. But where is the story, and where is the song For the heroes of peace and the martyrs of wrong ? throat. Oh, what are they all with death thrown in, To the life that has nothing to loseor win- The life that has nothing to hope or gain But ill-paid labor and beds of pain? Fame, where is your story, and where is your song For the martyrs of peace and the victims of wrong ? Ella Wheeler Wilcox. A BALLAD OF THE ARMADA. (1588-1898.) y HEN sailed the Armada in its pride, An^ y'^'Whistle ye up the winds, my lad ! And stood to sea with the ebb of tide 1 ? ?"^f '^" thousand men inside And the leader laughed, "Full luckless they ^Jio ™eet us on our invincible way " Oh, whistle ye up the wind-: ' And they dropt away from the friendly coasts Oh, list to the shriek in the shronds, my lad ! Brit the heavens made light of their idle boasts : For thev reckoned without the Lord of Hosts. And the storm soon smote them hip and They fight their battles in shop and mine : I And t\^W^„.. ^..,.,. ,. , , . , , They die at their post and make nosign'. \ ' Oh. list to'he rhrTeki^'S shrouds'' ' '^ D ye hear the roar of the guns my lad ? T.ll they met that goodly companT Drake and Hawki.js and Fro™ ff' three Sea s:ourges they and none their n^er W.th Howard they harried the g^fnish D'ye hear the roar of the guns? Then fled Castile in sorry array: Oh. u^s^turn the tiller for 'home, my At Flamborough Head came black dis- In Scottish seas 'twas the devil to nav And thesis weren't worth aX'ar's For Fa^e^had played them with loaded Oh, it's turn the tiller for home f "^ oE Trv Sr ^""^'^J y^^*^ «"d '"ore un. carry the news to Spain, mv laH i Since the^besom of wrath s'wepuhe'i'cean And England showed Philip the open But the sons of the old sea dogs still wait ihe ancent foe at the Western gai Oh, carry the news to Spain I POETRY OF THE WAR. .576 Andwe^stand^as they did in those days Oh, remember the loss of the Maine, Ready for country to do or die : Humanity's sake our only cry, ^ull just our cause, inspired by right Boldly we wait the test of might Oh, remember the loss of the Maine! Harvey Maitland Watts. WHAT SPAIN LACKS. T'^po^or.^S'^-'— -fewand It isn't strange in war she's very slow- She lacks ^our teachers, wise, ^nd, To teach h*; young ideas how to shoot. FALL IN LINE. J^ARK the drum and bugle call. Sister States both great and small Hn »!, 1 J ^^'^ '" line. On the land and on the sea i^et the ready watchword be, Fall in line. Veterans of the Gray and Blue <;n„o r ^^" '" line- Sons of veterans strong and true, Q^i^- ., ^^" '" line. Hirt"' '*''°'''' °"^ and all. Hearken to your country's call, Fall in line. Heard ye well the vaunt of Spain? tr.„j , '^'' 'n line. Heard ye how they sank the Maine? ««. J ^ Fall m line. Heard ye Cuba's mortal cry. Floating upward to the sky? Fall in line. Let the world our purpose know, e That ever plowed a furrow i„ ,|,e ocean- east or west ! ''conS.;iti,'Ssr-^^-"-'^ ""keep"'"" °' '""''""'"''" 6""»'ll ;;7h;Kt.?r'd:r„-;a;i'= ■— -''coSr';t1.'^;r'""^^"'*-" THE SONG OF DEWEY'S OUNS W^tl '' '^i' '^T^^^' '""^i'^ f'-oni the -TK . ^^'■ ''^e of the world, A84 POETRY OF THE WAR. The hand tliat held the sceptre once of all the great world seas, And paved the march with dead men's I'ones neath all the circling suns. Grew faint wUh deadly fear nLn that tnunder song j,'rew near, For the dirge of Si)ain was sounded by the song of Dewey's guns I There is music in a cannon, vet, for all Sons of Peace — Ves. the iK)rthole's belching anthem is '*°" '""^'^ 'o her sons death of a..cient wrong— And a dying wrong was chanted by the song of Dewey's guns. Sam Walter Foss. UNITED STATES NAVY'S CAPTURES. THE Spaniard may sneer or wax wroth as he will ; Your Uncle Sam cares not a jot Bnt when something practical calls for his skill, His cannon are there, on the spot, l-or fierce counter-phases slight headway can make ' 'Gainst professional knaves and their tools ; The way to awake their remorse is to take Their lumber, provisions and mules. I The poet who sang al^out "arms and the man," And''Mars"inhisoldepiclay, Would find some new topics, if he were to scan The scenff of an up-to-date fray He still might describe how men dash and disperse n {"u'^,'?*'' ^""^'^^ ^^'■^at "ever cools : iiut he d tack on a verse the renown to rehearse Of lumber, provisions and mules. THE BLACK REGIMENTS. pVE cullud troops, dey marchin'— J_/ De regiments gwine pas' ; ' En whar did de Guv'ment sen' you ? " We gwine ter de Tortu-gas J " Uh, my wife en chillin' I Make way en lemme pass I DeCuvment sen'mefurfrumhome! I gwine ter de Tortu-gas I I5e c„ll„d troops, dey marchin'- IJey trompin'downdegras.; ■;" whar is de Guv'ment sen' you? '' ' v\e gwine ter de Tortu-gas I" Oh, my wife en chillin' I Make way en lemme pass I DeGuvmentsen'mefurfrumhome- I gwme ter de Tortu-gas K^ NEGLECTED WIFE. SHE. Y^^rl"*''^ to kiss me fondly * When you came to tea : But now you read your paper. And hardly notice me ; You used to say you loved me, You praised my eyes and hair; Hut now you never tell me That I am sweet or fair; You used to take me strolling. At dusk, beneath the trees? And often, rftcr dinner. You held me on your knees; You used to be so tender. So thoughtful and so true, And you were interested In all I had to do : But now you never listen Jo what I have to say; The love I had is only A memory, to-day. HE. Ah, foolish girl! 'Tis yours, Ihe love you're sighing for- But there-keep still-P:^ anxious lo read ahnnf fk- «.__ s! friiiii home ! I hin' — ras.; sen' you ? " gas I ' • im hoiiK idly !a; >er, me, hair ; 'g. s, IHE PHANTOM SPANISH FLEET. [T was a gnarly sailor man W. '^'*"?"5''l,'"ros.s the breast, Who waddled toward a coil of rope And sat thereon to rest. The beard he wore was gri.zly gray. His face was crimson red, ^ He spat i)rofuselv at the tide And scratched his ear and said;- " Time was when I was just a kid First follerin' the sea ' Ihe fo'c'le tome. "They told me of the spooky ship Mannedbyarrewofghosis ' 1 ha rassled with the waves about 1 ne Tattygony coasts. "Likewisean' similar I heerd Of speerit craft that would ^o^^Jx^arin' down upon you in Midocean neighborhood. " Come bearin' down upon you till There wan't two foot to spare- Then disappeared in half a wink An left you shakin' there POETRY OF THE WAR. 6bo lOUS , , -l-j-'"'^" III nan a W An left you shakin' there. "Ay, man an' boy, fer forty year I ve heerd them tales of old • At'L^TT^"^>'r^^^'^"' Stared At dreadful yarns they told. "But stranger than the lot of them Kolled up in one, an' tied, is these here statements that we hear K-ight now on ev'ry side. " ^«" hundred times as odd as is That l-ly,n' Dutchman case Is this about the Spanish fleet Which we're a-givin' chase. "They seen it up by Eastport, Maine One pleasant, quiet morn, ' An next day some one si^rhted it A-roundin' of Cape Horn. An in between a merchantman Comes man- swears he viewed "•e">sl..psinloniiit„de,6 An 80 latitude. ••^utju.st as we have hunted it An when the place is found Headed fer Spain an' also fer ihe coast of Caribbee. "They fly by night; they fly by day A milhon knots or so ^ ^' ^"A'[,".']:'''"'eisthespced At which them Spaniards go. yp to tlie Benin Bi^rht -Is just a little easy jauiit ihat takes up half a night. " An' judgin' by the last reports About their movements I'm I Am , „„,|,i„. ,„ „hafs printed i„ ' As I was savin' " n^ .1 A hnv, with ail hi "v" *^^ I"'^'' , /-' ' ) "uii an Ills inirrht Camecrying: "Extree! Extree h. , 1 De latest from de fight J » ' ^^^ ' 686 POETRY OF THE WAR i\.. The gnarly sailor paid his price And turned the printed sheet, Wherein a "special cablegram" Looked up, his eyes to greet. " I learn there are no Spanish ships. And never were," he read. The sailor man spat at the tide. " Well, I'll be darned ! " he said. W OLD GLORY. HAT sudden flash of rippling hues mu, ^^'"^ '"^"^ impulse the soul imbues. While welling joy the eyes suffuse? Old Glory. What visions forth scarred battle plains Where stern emprise and valor reigns— Trmmphant charge and broken chains? Old Glory. What marks the path where tempests sweep. Where freedom's thunder flashes leap From keels that grapple in the deep ? Old Glory. What beacons men to kindlier ways Of commerce, art— Athena's bays. And "Whatsoever things of praise?" Old Glory. What bids surcease to ancient feud Of race, of creed ; of every brood That bars a world-wide brotherhood ? Old Glory. ' Forecasts old earth's eterne release When tyrants' wiles and power shall cease In dawn of God's great calm of peace? Old Glory. John Brogan. DEWEY. O DEWEY was the morning Upon the first of May; And Dewey was the admiral Down in Manila Bay; And Dewey were the Regent's eyes Them orbs of royal blue ; And Dewey feel discouraged ? I Dew not think we Dew. THE BOYS THAT COULDN'T 00. THEY'VE wrote a heap o' verse about A power o' things, this war — I never knew them poets spout So smart an' slick before ! They've wrote of many a funny thing— They've wrote of wounds and woe— But what I want's some one to sing The boys that couldn't go. The boys that haven't had no fun; The boys that jest set round And read of what the others done. Beyond their campin'-ground. Till some lost heart, and some lost health, And though they saw no foe, The deadly fever slew by stealth Some boys that couldn't go. The boys that didn't have the luck To get a single scar, To show the girls who worship pluck, The sort o' chaps they are. To clean your tent, an' curry down Another feller's horse— That ain't a thing to make the town Ring with your name, of course! And yet, I guess it's jest as hard To do your duty square, A chorin' round a stable-yard Or tent, as anywhere. I guess to keep a cheerful face An' pass the time o' day. An' not get slack but keep your brace. An' jest obey — obey — I kind o' think that's jest as brave As shootin' off your gun, An' puzzlin' why the last light shave Didn't put out the sun ! There ain't no corner yet on grit There's plenty layin' round, An' fellers rollin' rich in it On the home campin'-ground. We've yelled for Hobson pretty near Until we split our throats; But there were others knew no fear On board the other boats. If seven hundred fellers cried Because they warn't allowed To share the peril at his side— I'm ycllin' for the crowd i "^ rrhV ^"f^? the women think, (1 he sort that think at aim Those unscarred soldiers needn't shrink To meet 'em in the fall Because, I tell you for a fact (In case you didn't know)' The?' '"'ii^"'^ ^^^'^ ^'^^'^^ intact- ihe boys that couldn't go! B- M. Channing. IN MEMORIAM. It was a strange coincidenrp a«^ c. that Rear.Admi,.rwTKih„ru"i' POETRY OF THE WAR. 687 --- ".V. uugicscaii — away '''^ ""^^ ^^"^ dies " TSSfered """' ^1^ ^"'""""^ ^old nSw stand Seare'-^thV''' ^^'^^^ ^™«P^ Theheated'cC^'^nl.nr.tr^ """'"'veS-'" ^°-' -th point re- The reeking, crimson sabre drins • Cool grow the fevered cannon' lios The.r wreathing vapors far dispersed "Cease firing!" From th^ rim sponson's The mute, black muzzles frown across The sea, where swelling surges toss The armored squadrons, silem^grim "Cease^fi^Hngr- Look, white banners Along the graves where heroes sleen THE COWARD. UIT? Yes I wuz hit, but then * * So wuz lots of other men Don t feel much like braggin' fer Al the rest wuz braver, sif ' '' When the fierun' begun, Somethm' whispered, "Cutan'run-" Chances wuz that either I Thenl^'l" *° ^'''P' or «t*y an- die An' ? H^ '^°y^'" °f '"°ther came q.. J ^''^^ ' ^^^^ t''^ same- ' Seemed to starch me up a bit. An-maminitlwuzhit Stt.-'.-tj.r.r Member when I wuzn'tweU, ^ How she watched an' dosed me tel I wuz up an' round again. ' *"' Medicine wuz bitter then An mother'd say, .-You' Willie, star- When th^T'P"^'^* ^'^' ^ man?" " An' ?i.?^'''S'' ^"' th'^^k that day. An Jimmie Brewer by me lav Limp' an' bleedir.' iJ.l ^, An'TiTJ "j^^^"^ in the sand, - si^T^ *^' C^P'« command- Steady boys, an- fire low I "-- Seemed to feel my courage go- Almost wisht I hadn't come^' Almost wisht I wuz to hum/ r'"-^" Lord, it sounded queer -- if *J«d'" I seemed to hear ^ Mother, sayin','< Willie, Stan' An take your bullet like a man!" Richard R. Wightman. OITTIN' CLOSE. WE'RE purty dost together lo bring us to our best. One flag ,s npplin' over The ranks on land and sea • The man who marched with Sherman Stands with the man of Lee" „v,v — diiu IJUgles DlowanH Are soiindinn- r.,,t fU„*V "'"^^^"a -ii-ij, „!^ tnc Lixsz Retreat Thomas R. Gregory, U. S. N. We re purty dost together- Thar nm't no kind o' doubt : It took the stormy weather ' J o let the rainbows out ! 688 POETRY OF THE WAR. One flag is ripplin' over This bright land of the free ; The man who marched with Sherman Stands with the man of Lee ! Yes, purty clost together ; An' ef it's storm or strife, We'll thank God for the weather That finds us one for life ! For one flag ripplin' over That throws her ribbons free Where the men who marched with Sher- man March with the men of Lee ! THE GIANT BATTLESHIP. OTHE ship she trembles from top J to keel — Though she rates twelve thousand tons ! And her scorched decks leap with a thun- dering throb, 'Neath the roar of her twelve-inch guns ! Dented and tortured and pierced, she stands, The blows on her ringing plates ; Grimy and black she signals back To the flags of her fighting mates. Hear the grinding crash from her armored prow, Hear the rattling Colts from the mast ? Young Steel Flanks of the living Now Is Old Ironsides of the past ! O, then here's to the men where'er thev be— The men of steel and steam ! They're the same old stock from the parent block ! When they welcomed the wind abeam. Though one shot mav equal a broadside's weight, One blow may decide the fight. They serve their guns, they aim them straight. And the Flag will be kept in sight ! The old captains bold— cocked hats and gold- Were made for their country's hour, And the Soul of the Ship iiroclaims the mold Of the mind in the conning tower ! Let us sing the song of Wind and Sail — Brave deeds of the captains bold ! Never a name but was known to fame, And was praised in the days of old. Let us sing the song of the armored ship, With the ramming, roaring bow ! For the flag is the same, the men are the same — 'Tis the song of Then and Now ! A YANKEE SHIP AND A YANKEE CREW. A YANKEE ship and a Yankee crew, Tally hi ho ! you know ! O'er the bright blue waves like a sea- bird flew, Singing hey ! aloft and alow ! Her sails are spread to the fairy breeze ! The spray as sparkling thrown from her prow. Her flag is the proudest that floats on the seas, When homeward she's steering now ! A Yankee ship, and a Yankee crew. Tally hi ho ! you know ! With hearts aboard, both gallant and true; The same aloft and alow ! The blackening sky and the whistling wind Foretell the approach of a gale ; And a home and its joys flit over each. Husbands, lovers, on deck, there ! a sail ! A Yankee ship, and a Yankee crew. Tally hi ho ! you know ! Distress is the word, God speed them through. Bear a hand aloft and alow ! A Yankee ship, and a Yankee crew. Tally hi ho ! you know ! Freedom defends the land where it grew, We're free aloft and alow ! Bearing down a ship, in regal pride, Defiance floating at each mast-head : She's wrecked, and the one that floats alongside. The stars and stripes that's to victory wed ; A Yankee ship, and a Yankee crew, 'ally hi ho! you know! Ne'er strikes to a foe, while the sky is blue, Or a tar aloft and alow ! POETRY OF THE WAR. 589 CHARGE OF THE TERRORS. DAMSELS to right of them, Beauties to left of them, Honors ahead of them, Perils behind ; No thought of warlike strife. Right into social life — Into the Four Hundred Dash the Rough Riders. Cow punchers, some of them, Blue stockings, some of them. Born heroes, all of them, Teddy in front : Not theirs to be denied, Victors where'er betide. Swelldom's e'erlasting pride. Oh, the Rough Riders. CHICKAMAUGA ("RIVER OF DEATH.") OH, we marched down to the river of death. Seventy thousand strong ! Fire in the veins, and delight in the breath, Joy at the start and hope in the heart ; Burning to right a wrong. Red-blooded, firm-bodied, brave enough — men We were — witness that ! — then. Rank of us, file of us, did a foot lag? No— by God, and the Flag ! So we drank deep of the river of death- Pollution, and fever, and fate ; The poison that flies on the wings of the breath. If a soldier ask bread, set a cross at his head, Or rot him in camp for the State ! Hush! They have marched to the River of Life — Comrades we left behind. Who begged for the front, and who ached for the strife. To them it was given to crumble to Heaven, We wonder what did they find ! I Slowly we crawl from the river of death I Try us — we're thousands weak. Shrunken in spirit, and shortened in breath, Wail if you will. But the missing are still And the slain refuse to speak. ' Spent-bodied, taint-blooded, shades of the strong Cry : Who wrought the wrong ? Right of it, wrong of it-did a man lag? No ! By God and the Flag ! Elizabeth S. P. Ward. THE BATTLE. MID sullen roar Of waves on shore, Our battleships went out to sea, Big hulls glist'ning. As at christ'ning, They went to fight for liberty. Gay crews smiling. Time beguiling. No man e'er thought of danger near. The day was bright ; No thought of fight ; All thought of friends at home so dear. Hark the bell tolls ; Oft the ship rolls, Down in the ocean's dark blue wave. Sunlight beaming ; Shells are screaming Around our sailor boys so brave. Shrieks of dying. Moaning, crying. Rent the ship's sulphurous air. The battle's o'er : From shore to shore, High waves old glory in the air. With mangled crew And mournful few, From sailing on broad ocean's track No more to fight ; ' Right conquers might ; To-day our boats are coming back. Lil 590 POETRY OF THE WAR. A POEM WITH A MORAL. FOR THE INSTRUCTION OF GUARDSMEN WHO DO NOT LIKE "MARTINETS." THE 'eathen in 'is blindness bows down to wood and stone ; 'E don't obey no orders unless they is 'is own; 'E ke«ps 'is sidearms awful; 'e leaves 'em all about, An' then comes up the regiment an' pokes the 'eathen out. The young recruit is 'aughty — 'e drops from Gawd knows where ; They bid 'im show 'is stockin's an' lay 'is mattress square ; 'E calls it bloomin' nonsense — 'e doesn't know no more — An' then up comes 'is company an' kicks 'em round the floor ! The young recruit is 'amnic/ed — 'e takes it very *ard ; 'E 'angs his 'ead an' mutters — 'e sulks about the yard ; 'E talks o' " cruel tyrants " 'e'll swing for by an' bye, An' the others 'ears an' mocks 'im, an' the boy goes orf to cry. The young recruit is silly— 'e thinks o' suicide ; 'E's lost 'is gutter-devil; *e 'asn't got 'is pride ; But day by day they kicks 'im, which 'elps 'im on a bit, Till 'e finds 'isself one mornin' with a full an' proper kit. An' now the hugly bullets come peekin' through the dust. An' no one wants to face 'em, but every beggar must ; So, like a man in irons which isn't glad to go. They moves 'em off by companies, un- common stiff an' slow. Of all 'is five years schoolin' they don't remember much, Excep' the not retreatin', the step an' keepin' touch. It looks like teachin' wasted when they duck an' spread an' 'op. But if 'e 'adn't learned 'em they'd be all about the shop ! RuDVARD Kipling. WHO WILL CARE FOR MOTHER NOW ? During one of our late battles, amon" many other noble fellows that fell, was a young man who had been the only sup- port of an aged and sick mother for years. Hearing tlie surgeon tell those who were near him, that he could not live, he placed his hand across his forehead and, with a trembling voice, said, while burning tears ran down his fevered cheeks: " Who will care for mother now ? " \A /''HY am I so weak and weary? VV See how faint my heated breath. All around to me seems darkness — Tell me, comrades, is this death ? Ah ! how well I know your answer, To my fate I meekly bow. If you'll only tell me truly. Who will care for mother now? CHORUS. Soon with angels I'll be marching. With bright laurels on my brow, I have for my country fallen, Who will care for mother now? Who will comfort her in sorrow ? Who will dry the *' ^ ^'"^ ^°' 'ts "ate, ' nil Willie comes home from the war. MARCHIN' WID DE BAN'. Q WE's mighty monstrous happy, V-/> In de middle ob de day When the sun am shinin' brightly An de flags am flyin' gay: When a ban' ob sixty pieces (Sixty pieces, mo' o' less) Plays sich lubly music Dat it lull yo' soul to res'. Wid de drum majah a-struttin' Lak a turkey goblah gran' An' we am dancin' an' a-prancin' An' amarchin' wid de ban'. Kas ouah h'ahts am full ob gladness VVyr''^^'""'^^b^e'»tobeat \iu-7 ""TP'"' ^»' a-bumpin- While we keeps time wid ouah feet De pleasure am jus' 'licious- IJe fines' in de lan'~ When we am dancin' an' a-prancin' An a-marchin' wid de ban'. Ef yo' eber has some trubbel In any time ob yeah, ' Collectin' de cullud people. A-hvin' fuh an' neah, C^it a ban' ob sixty pieces. „ All dressed in unifohms, Wid demgoi; things on d^y shouldah. An red stripes 'roun' they ahms Den all de cullud people- ^ ' De yaller, black an' tan- Will quit dey situations An go marchin' wid dat ban'. Phil. H. Brown. TO THE FLYING SQUADRON. Tossed on the treacherous blue Poising your pinions in majestic flight- Our hearts take voyage Jith you.^ God save us from war's terrors ! May they cease ! ^ Au,!l'^.r°"^'"^*^''^°^^orse! A bloodless, perjured, prostituting peace Glutting a coward's purse ! ' Oh, ifyon^beaks and talons clutch and „,.F^'' in the middle seas With thc^e^f hostile war birds, wing to Our hearts shall fight with these. ^°^'^kn%ir- ^^^^^ ^^^^d "usading On holier quest than ye— bworn to the rescue of the trampled Right Sworn to make Cuba free ' ^ ' Keepin' step am jus' ez eazy When the ban" begin' to play. Jus comes to us as nachal Ez as a hoss come to his hay, Yea, swiftly to avenge our martyred Maine I watch you curve and wheel Spa'in^'^" °^ battle-scourge of Birds with'the beaks of steel f 692 POETRY OF THE WAR. VICTOR BLUE. "Mole St. Nicholas, June 13. — Lieu- tenant Blue just returned after a detour of seventy statute miles' observation of tiie harbor of Santiago de Cuba. He reports Spanish fleet is all tliere." — Sampson. VICTOR BLUE ! What a name it is For a deed of old renown — How it stirs the blood, how the fancy wakes And brushes the cobwebs down 1 Why, you see the flag, its stars and stripes' You hear the bugles play, And you know some deed of desperate need Has come to blaze the way ! Admiral Sampson paced his deck, With troubled brow and eye. While the lights of Santiago flared Afar against the sky ! He knew that there, in the inner bay, In a fancied safe retreat, The Spanish admiral, close and snug. Had taken his hunted fleet. But which were the ships and where they swung Far back in the winding strait. Was a little point he wanted to fix For the pending joint debate ! A light came into the Admiral's eye — His clouded brow grew free As he said to his orderly waiting there — " Send Lieutenant Blue to me! " In the shadow that night a little craft Slipped off from the flagship's side, And, turning, steered for the Cuban shore. Borne in on the Carib tide — And Victor Blue was there alone, Serene and well content — Rejoiced at heart to be off again On the Spanish fox's scent. He cut the brush — he forged the swamp In a trackless, wide detour — But the hills, to the rear of the 'leaguered town, Were his box and compass sure. He heard the sudden clatter of hoofs- He crouched in the tropic, grass — Then he saw two sabred and booted Dons. With a strange oath, come and pass ! On through the rank, thick underbrush He cut and burrowed his way Till he caught, thro' the tall palmetto trees, A gleam of the distant bay; Higher he climbed — and higher still He crept to the towering knoll — When, lo! beneath him the harbor lay Like a long, indented bowl ! Need I tell the rest? — how the news came back To Sampson and gallant Schley ; How Blue had focused Cervera's fleet With his own— and his good friend's— eye? How he came through the perils of instant death — The death of the hangman's noose- Unravelling quite, with his double sight, The Spanish admiral's ruse? How he told the names of the hiding ships In the cays of the winding strait; And settled a doubtful point or two For the pending joint debate ! John Jerome Roonev. LET ME LIKE A SOLDIER FALL. YES, let me like a soldier fall Upon some open plain. This breast expanding for the ball, To blot out every stain ; Brave, manly hearts confer my doon;, That gentler ones may tell, Howe'er forget, unknown my tomb, I like a soldier fell. I only ask of that proud race, ^ Which ends its blaze in me. To die the last and not disgrace Its ancient chivalry; Though o'er my clay no banner wave, Nor trumpet requiems swell. Enough they murmur o'er my grave: "He like a soldier fell ! " POETRY OF THE WAR. 693 KISS ME AS OF OLD, MOTHER. ON the field of ^attle, mother, All the night alone I lay, Angels watching o'er me, mother, 'Till the breaking of the day; I lay thinking of you, mother, And the loving ones at home, 'Till to our dear cottage, mother, Boy again I seemed to come. CHORUS. Kiss me for my brother, sister — When I sleep deep in the grave, Tell I died true to my country — Her honor tried to save. I must soon be going, mother, Going to the home of rest; Kiss me as of old, mother. Press me nearer to your breast ; Would I could repay you, mother. For your faithful love and care, God uphold and bless you, mother, In this bitter woe you bear. TELL MOTHER I DIE HAPPY. I AM dying, comrades, dying As you hear me lightly tread ; Soon, ah, soon, I shall be lying With the silent, sleeping dead. I am dying, comrades, dying. Still the battle rages near; Tell me, are our foes a flying? I die happy, mother dear. CHORUS. Tell my mother I die happy, That for me she must not weep; Tell her how I longed to kiss her, Ere I sunk in death to sleep. I am going, comrades, going ; See how damp my for«lier.d's now; Oh, I see the angels coming, With bright garlands for my brow. Bear this message to my mother ; How in death that God was near. He to bless and to support me ; I die happy, mother dear. 38 Lay tne, comrades, 'neath the willow, That grows on the distant shore; Wrap tlie starry flag around me, I would press its folds once more; Let the cold earth be my pillow. And the stars and stripes my shroud ; Soon, oh, soon, I shall be marching Amid the heavenly crowd. THE TORPEDO-BOAT. SHE'S a floating boiler crammed with fire and steam; A toy, with dainty works like any watch ; A working, weaving basketful of tricks- Eccentric, cam and lever, cog and notch. She's a dashing, lashing, tumbling shell of steel, A headstrong, kicking, nervous, plung- I ing beast; A long, lean ocean liner— trimmed down small ; A bucking broncho harnessed for the East. She can rear and toss and roll Your body from your soul. And she's most unpleasant wet — to say the least ! But see her slip in, sneaking down, at night; All a-tremble, deadly, silent— Satan- sly. Watch her gather for 'tie rush, and catch her breath ! See her dodge the wakeful cruiser's sweeping eye. Hear the humming ! Hear her coming ! • Coming fast ! (That's the sound might make men wish chey were at home. Hear the lattling Maxim, barking rapid fire), See her loom out through the log with bows afoam ! Then some will wish for land — They'd be sand fleas in the sand Or yellow grubs reposing m the loam. James Barnes. 594 POETRY OF THE WAR. Tiie MAN Who DOES THE CHEERIN'. THIS war with Spain reminds me o' the Spring o' '6i, About the time or jist afore the Civil War begun; A certain class o' heroes ain't remembered in this age, Yit their names in golden letters should be writ on histry's page. Their voices urged on others to save this ol country's fall; I admit they never listened when thev heerd Abe Lincoln's call ; They never heerd a eagle scream er heerc, a rifle crack, But you bet they done the cheerin' When the troops come back. O' course it's glorious to fight when free- dom is at stake, I 'low a feller likes to know that he hez helped to make Another star in freedom's sky— the star o' Cuby— free! But still another feelin' creeps along o' that when he Gits to thinkin' o' the home he left en seein' it at night Danci. ' slowlike up aroun' him in a misty n'.ize o' light. En a-ketchin' fleetin' glimpses of a crowd along the track, En the man who does the cheerin' When the troops come back. C course a soldier hez got feelin's en his heart begins to beat Faster, ez ol' ReckoUection leads him down some shady street Where he knows a gal's a-waitin' under- neatii a creepin' vine, : Where the sun is kinder cautious 'bout combatin' with the shine In her eyes— en jist anuther thing that nuther you er I Could look at with easy feelin's is a piece pumpkin pie That hez made our mothers famous -but down there along the track Is the man who does the cheerin' When the troops come back. It's jist the same in war times ez in com- mon ev'ry day. When a feller keeps a-strugglin' en a-peg- gin' on his way. He likes to hev somebody con.c and grab him by the hand, Kn say: "01' boy, you'll git there yit; you've got the grit en sand." It does him good, en I 'low that it does a soldier, too ; So even if the feller at the track don't wear the blue. He's helped save bleedin' Cuby from the tyrants en their rack By Icai'in' in the cheerin' When the troops come back. Edward Singer, WRAP THE FLAG AROUND ME, BOYS. OWRAP tlie flag around me, boys, to > die were far more sweet. With freedom's starry emblem, boys, to be my winding sheet. In life I \c -ed to see it wave, and follow where it led. And now my eyes grow dim, my hands would clasp its last bright shred. CHORUS. Then wrap the flag around me, boys. To die were far more sweet. With freedom's starry emblem, boys, To be my winding sheet. O, I had thought to greet you, boys, on many a well won field. When to our starry banner, boys, the trait rous foe should yield. But now, alas, I am denied my dearest earthly prayer; You'll follow and you'll meet the foe, but I shall not be there. But though my body moulders, boys, my spirit will be free. And every comrade's honor, boys, will sti!l be dear to me. There in the thick and bloody fight never let your ardor lag, For I'll be there still hovering near, above the dear old flag. POETRY OF THE WAR. ADMIRAL SUSAN JANE. I ^n ^ be wrong about it, but it seems ' to me, by gum ! Ihat this here war we're in ain't bein' managed right ; I know somebody that I'll bet could fairly make things hum ^ And knock the Spaniards out of time uetore to-morrow night '7i&?ftli:'/-^--'But alutaTar^'^'"^'"^^-J-' The powers couldn't stop 'er-it'd all be up with Spain- One look from her, and every Don would want to sneak away. I'd ''ke to see^Cervera or old Blanco when Hiin cornered, as she often corners me And then look through and througTSm -laws! I'll bet he would not Be long ,n beggin' fer a chance to scoot across the sea ! Talk about your fiery l.oKs! One look irom Susan Jane Jist sets my blood a-tinglin- and upsets me fer a week — If she could meet Sagasta that would settle ^ tilings for Spain- She d make him give up all before he'd got a chance to speak I O, I'd like to see old Weyler go if she was in pursuit, ^ ^'"handf °^ *™''^ '''''°''' '" ^" I'll bet he wouldn't argue, and I'll bet that he would scoot, As he'd go it from Old Nick and all his , brimstone eatin' band !- I wouldn t want to say it, if J thought that she could hear, ^"* it'f be a chilly day fer poor old If our commodores and admirals were all to disappear, And the whole affair was put into the hands of Susan Jane. S. E. KiSER. 696 "DIXIE" UP TO DATE. SONG OK THE SOUTHERN VOLUNTEERS. I ^!f ^, I were in the far, far North 1 I o cheer my comrades starling forth: Th!^^r7^V'"""^' ^""^b, hurrah f' Hu .hf! r ""'"^ °f O"^^ the fots- H r .' ^°^fe'°' J'ke last year's snows. Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah, hurrah 1 CHORUS. O Yankeeland and Dixie J Hurrah! Hurrah! Ill Yankeeland and Dixieland We re linked together, heart and hand • Hu,rahMiurrah! for Yankeeland and They fought in blue, we fought in gray- But that's a tale of yesterday : ^ ^ Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah, hurrah ! And now we don the blue again To down with them those Dons of Spain Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah, hurrah! ^ ' (Chorus, O Yankeeland and Dixie, etc.) We're going to drive from Cuba's isle Starvation, tyranny and guile • Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah, hurrah I And when we've downed those Dons of Spain, Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah, hurrah ! John Hall Ingham. A CERVEREAN PARAPHRASE r^FT in the stilly night, V^ Since Hobson's chain hath bound me. Sad mem'ry brings the fright Of Sampson's fleet around me. When I remember all The schemes, so linked together, That lured me to this harbor small. lo scape the Sampson weather— I feel like one who's left alone In some dim land deserted Whose hopes are drunk-whose ships are sunk, ^ And all but him departed I 096 POETRY OF THE WAR. THE VACANT CHAIR. \17K shall meet, but we shall miss him : u! , „ [.'-" '^'" ^*= °"<= vacant chair: We shall linger to caress him, while we „,, breathe our evening prayer. When, a year ago, we gathered, joy was in his mild blue eye; But a golden cord is severed, and our nojies in ruins lie. CHORUS. We shall meet, but we shall miss him: There will be one vacant chair: vve shall linger to caress him. When we breathe our evening praye«. At our fireside, sad and lonely, often will the bosom swell At remembrance of tlie story how our noble Willie fell; How he strove to bear our banner tlirouch the tliickest of the fight, And upheld our country's honor, in the strength of manhood's might. True, they tell us wreaths of glory ever more will deck his brow; But this soothes the anguish only, sweep- ing o er our heart-strings now. Sleep to-day, O early fallen, in thy green and narrow bed; Dirges from the pine and cypress mingle with the tears we shed. SONQ OF ROOSEVELT'S RIDERS. \^E thud— thud— thud down the dusky We jingle across the plain. We cut and thrust, and we lunge and strike. We throttle the sons of Spain ! Our chief has never a tremor shown. He's grit cinched up in a belt Oh, they must be for their courage known Who ride with Roosevelt. We gallop along the gloomy vale. We bustle a-down the lane. We leap the stream and the toppling rail— We burst on the men of Spain i Its rattle and clash, the sabers flash, I he Spaniard host doth melt, It s bluff and ^rh, and it's all things vast To ride with Roosevelt I HE CAME. THt:RE was a Don up in a tree, And a Yankee down below;' "Come down," said the Yankee to the Don, But the Don was rather slow "What terms," he asked, "will you make with me If I coine down to you? No terms? Oh, Mr. Yankee man, That'll never, never dol" The Yankee took aim with his gun At the Don up in the tree ; " I'll shoot," he said, < if you doi.'t come down Before I've counted ' three.' " Alhw;,rt the Don's dark visage spread A terrifying frown, But the Yankee counted "one" and "two." And the little old Don came down. EXIT THE CANNIBAL. r^H, the blithe and eager cannibal has v-/ has seen his brightest days ; Ihey are fading out forever in Old GIo- ry's coming rays. And the happy missionary will not dread the fatal broth, As he drops that ragout feeling which was common to the cloth. Oh, no more the paunchy savage will set up his steaming pot, Out of which the fragrant parson will be forked or ladled hot; And no more will grinning henchmen squat beside the chief while he With a nice discrimination hands around the late D. D. For the Yankee sweeps the ocean, and the polishers of bones In the Philippines and Sandwiches and far- away Ladrones, Must resign th-ir meaty r^iet and come down to plainer things. For there'll be no more man-eating 'neath the eagle's sheltering wings. POETRY OF THE WAR. THE ANQLO-AMERICAN RACE. Dedicated to the Albion Society of Phil- adel|)hia, ami the Society of the Sons of St. George. \A^Eare one in the bonds of progression, J » In the power to toil and to fight, we are one in our loathing of wrong, l-or liberty, honor and right. CHORUS. Then hurrah for Peace ! hut if foes attack. 1 hen hurrah for the troops and tars, H.irrah ! hurrah ! for the Union Jack When joined with the Stripes and Stars ! We are me in ourlawsand our language. We are one in our thought and our song. We are one in our hatred of traitors We are one in our loathing of wrong. CHORUS. Then hurrah for Peace ! but if foes unite, Gainst the world wt will not turn back- The Stars and Stripes shall win the fight, When joined with the Union Jack! We have cheered for each other in triumph, We have wept for each other in vain. We have quarreled and battled together; We are friends and as friends shall re- 597 main. CHORUS. Then hurrah for Peace ! but if foes attack, 1 hen hurrah for the troops and tars t Hurrah ! hurrah ! for the Union Jack, When joined with the Stripes and Stars! We shall not be parted, my brothers, lill the Rockies descend from their place. It js born— The new Union forever' The Anglo-American Race! CHORUS. Then hurrah for Peace! but if foes unite, Ijainst the world we will not turn ha^l-. 1 he Stars and Stripes shall win the fight' i When joined with the Union Jack ' A STIRRUP CUP. A Song for the War Correspondent. A HEALTH all round ere the last bell /T^ rings, hre the signals shift and the whistle sings: Iheres a moment yet while the trains delay. We've turned life loose on the world to- day! Ea?f" r w"'^"°''"u'l"'''l ^°' ^'^''' °'^Vcst, liast or West on the unknown way. For some went South when the Cuban rose. And some turned north to the Yukon snows. By sledge or steamer, by mail or freight From the Koord Kabul to the Golden Gate, We've gone the rounds of the world- wide bounds, From the Hoang-Ho to Magellan Strait. ^^^ 'Troke^ ^^^ ^""' '"'"'" ^^^ ™P' And the field glass strained through the whirling smoke ; We scrawled the dispatch by the thorn- bush fire, Then a hundred miles to the telegraph wire ! ° ' A ride by night, from the field of fight, A rattling scoop or an Angel Choir! When the bucks broke loose from the tribe reserve. We sketched the scalping, and saw them swerve When the pistols cracked and the rush was stayed By the crackling line of the News Brigade In the Alkali hell our bones are laid. The big gong clangs from the depot wall : The whistles shriek and the signals fall : Around the curve and along the bay— We re out once more on the open way. liast or West, or cursed or blessed,' We ve turned life loose on the world to- day. Frank L. Polwck. ! 598 POETRY OF THE WAR. FITZHUQH LEE. COOL amid the battle's din Ice without, but fire within, Leading to the charge his men, Mucii we praise the soldier then ; But we honor far the more One who on a forei^jn shore, True to duty takes his stand With his country's n^g in hand, And, though great the peril be, Bows no head and bends no knee Fitzhugh Lee. Gallant veteran, tried and true, Hands and hearts go forth to you. 'Mid the sounds that others stir, Hiss of reptile, yelp of cur, 'Mid our country's foes you stood With a calm and fearless mood. Therefore, veteran, tried and tnie. Strong our pride has grown in you : And when you return o'er sea Warm your welcome here shall be, Fitzhugh Lee. Where our mountains milk the sky, Where our many cities lie, By Potomac's hallowed stream ; Where the Hudson's waters gleam. By the Mississippi's mouth, East and West and North and South — Wheresoe'er o'er land and seas, Floats Old Glory in the breeze, Wheresoe'er our people be. All to honor you agree, Fitzhugh Lee. Thomas Dunn English. PEACE JUBILEE CELEBRATION. \I 7E welcome thee, fair-visaged God of V V Peace, ^ Who cometh smiling through the mist of tears To lay thy soothing hand upon our fears, And bid the rancor and the bloodshed cease. — So, often, when in some dread storm's in- crease. Dark clouds engk om all that the heart reveres, And the dear light of heaven disappears, A golden ray of sunlight brings release. To-day our hearts throb to a cadence fair; Our souls are jubilant with high achiev- ing ; We fling our starry banners to the air, Forgetful of all grievances and all griev- ing; Thy brow victorious we wreathe with' flowers. And make the welcome in this joy of ours. Felix N. Gekson. THE WOUNDED HERO. A WOUNDED soldier of our army. Like the soldier in Algiers, Lay dying on the battlefield, Without strength to dry the tears Which were Nature's sweetest tribute From a heart as brave and true As ever risked being pierced with bullets For our dear Ked, White and Blue. At last a comrade found the hero Who had fallen in the .strife. And after weeks of v^ary watching. Nursed the trooper i.ack to life. How, in fancy, he led charges, When the fever racked his brain, How he cheered as the Starry Banner He thought replaced the flag ot Spain. Then he rave.i of home and mother, Of the friends so kind and dear, And the soldier who sat beside him Wiped the dreamer's manly tear: Ah ! 'twas Nature's sweetest token From a heart which led the van— Wliich, though brave, was sublimely ten- der, And cheered the boys at San Juan. Back to home and friends and mother Come the sons of Uncle Sam Who have not been called to heaven From the field of San Juan ; And a grateful Yankee nation, While it cheers the living br' . \ Will not forget the heroes Who lie silent in their grave. J. J. Burke. POETRY OF THE WAR. KINO WHEAT. you may tell of your armored cruis- And your great ships of the line: And swift or slow may steamers ko Across the billowy brine. Like thunder may the cannon boom A j/'"* "^'^''" '''*«^ iinfurlfd, And for an hour they may have power lo rule the frightened world. From ocean shore to ocean shore Lie lines of gleaming steel, And night and day we hearalway Ihenngof rushing wheel; ^'\°"gh buffalo have left the plain, And Indian tents are furled, Nor steam nor hand at wealth's com- mand Can rule the busy world But where the hillside rises fr-r In terraces of green ^"^^""'JeP'^i"."! ' ^ind and rain Sweep fields of golden sheen, Where sturdy yellow stalks arise, VVith bannereil heads unfurled. Here you may greet the Great Wheat. The ruler of the world. 699 King Oh hills may shake and vales resound Ben ith the flying car. And driven by steam and winds a-beam Uiir sliips ride fast and far; Cities niay crumble 'neath the guns V . ,. u^.V^'"'' °"'" ^^g u'lfiirled, FnJ h *" Sree^-'^t last-King Wheat, tor hunger rules the world. Ninette M. Lowater. HOSANNAH AND HUZZAH. C RE ever the guns are silenced ; L^ Ere ever the mandate. Peace! tu n i°" "'^ "g'"& nations, bhall bid all their warfare cease ; Ere ever- the lamb in slumber Lies safe 'neath the lion's paw, w ■u' 'y, "'^ ^^^^ • f^iosannah I We will call to the West : Huzzah ! A hymn to the God of Battles Who giveth the conci'ring sword, Who harks to the .:r> for justice, Who bends for the weak one's word: A hymn for the grandest triumph, We will lift that the East may hearken. We will sing that the West may hear. Far over the waving banners Ihe foundry's flame-plumes swirl; And over the stoker blazons The flag which we helped unfurl. JJut It o er our hearthstone hovers The glory of sacrifice— We will make to the East no moanings. We will make to the West no cries; The fires of conquest kindle; The clang of our .sword sounds fur; Ihe lion purs as he watches His whel|) at the game of war But ere we forget in our tnumph. And lest we grow faint in our cause, We will cry to tiie Ea.st Hosannas, VVe will shout to the West Hiizzahs. Grack Dukfie Hovlan. A SONU OF PEACE. PEACE in the sunlight, and peace in the rain ; Peace where in meadows the wild doves complain ; Peace on the fields that were red with the slai I Peace in God's country forever I Pea< e whe, e the great ships have roared with their guns— Where the batfl--smoke darkened all stars and all suns, Peace in the hearts of the patriot ones- l^eace in God's country forever! Peace, where no lightnings from heaven are hurled ; Where the loved flag of freedom forever's unfurled — Where the red stripes of glory shall gar- land the world Peace in God's country forever I F. L. Stanton. I; 600 POETRY OF THE WAR. MEMORIAL POEM. Written for the National Peace Tubilee at Pliiladelphia. THE peace we longed to keep Our fate denied, Reluctant we awoke, as from a sleep. And saw the face of duty deified. We followed with dismay The awful hand That drew us, step by step, along the way And pointed to an agonizing land. Nearer it led and nearer To dreadful death. While ever to the spirit whispers clearer A voice that promised something more than breath ; A voice that prophesied Of victory, Through mildness and compassion sancti- fied, Of conquest that ennobles and makes free. America to-day Binds in her hair The olive and the undecaying bay; An adult Nation, gloriously fair, "Who with a mother's pride Her children gave. Who feels her triumph, as her oceans, wide, And sorrows for her unreturning brave. Peace is their martyr's crown; No length of years Can chill her love or lessen their renown I But ah ! her paean falters hushed in tears. Who are these advancing With bugle note and drum ; Their bayonets far glancing? Say who are those that come? They are thy sons. Great Mother ! Such sons hath any other ? lie comforted and bless them as they come! Be comforted ! Though all Respond not to thy voice Though thine impassioned call Some answer not, nor hear ; O, Mother with thy valiant ones rejoice, Who died for man, not glory. And live in deathless story, Joined to the names imperishably dear I Blessed who fall for Freedom, Where her flag triumphant waves j Blessed who sleep in cjuiet. With her laurel on their graves, Remembered through the echoing years And hallowed by a nation's thankful tears! And blest, O blest, the living. Who fill our hearts with hope and glad forgiving; Who midst the battle's deaf 'ning roar, When fell the ranks, like autumn leaves. Guarded the standard of the free. The aegis of their victory ; Who, fevered, and an-hungered bore The more appalling tests of tragic war, And laureate return, and bring to us their sheaves ! America, my home, how dear to-day ! In beauty and augmented splendor, With smile of mother-love so tender. It must each sacrifice for thee repay. Thou standest regnant and secure. Thy hands extended to the helpless poor, Thy war-like brows unbent, thine armor laid away. To love devoutly is to pray, O Land ! for thee, in thy victorious hour, We lift our souls in supplication, That righteousness may sanctify thy power And fill thee with that purer exaltation Which bides with those who highest hests obey. Oh, may the lips that praise thy strength, Laud thee for justice, rather, and for truth. Welling immediate from thy heart of youth To bless thy children first, and all man- kind at length. Florence Earle Coates. POETRY OF THE WAR. A CENTURY OF PEACE. A ^.f^M^¥ °^ P^'-^" has dawned; Aj ,]^ .^"""^ ^"^^ South are plishted And al their lovers' quarrels havf K forever righted. There is no North there is no South, no Johnny Reb to bandy: No feud, no scores to settle up-no Yan- kee Doodle Dandy. 601 serene, What have we, then? A land .,,, . , united, heart-to-hand, sir. Which, like a sum of numbers, never yields but one true answer. Who have we, then, in this great land, wvu J ""^^ "^ ^°"^«d boodle. With Northern pluck and Southern nerve ? His name is Dixie Doodle » Then hip hurrah ! for this brave youth unbought of bond or boodle— ' Iheconqueroroffutureworlds— the grow- ing Dixie Doodle! WHEN DEWEY COMES BACK. XHEY say that Dewey's coming back * lo take a short vacation. And when he does there'll surely be A lot of jubilation. For everybody in the land «rS'°™/°""S*^^ *o the oldest, Will rush to see the hero who Is reckoned as the boldest. They want to see the man who led His fleet where dangers bristled, And who was coolest when he stood Where Spanish missiles whistled: Iheman who bravely sailed where Dons xiru u ^^ torpedoes scattered, Who banged away until their ships lo pieces he had battered. Yes, he's the man they want to see And far they'll go to meet him; ' aL •''?!! 'H" ^y^' ^ he draws near, And joyfully they'll greet him. 1 he women, too, will all turn out, Ihe matrons and the misses, And all the pretty girls will try io favor him with kisses. ' Upon him then will be conferred 1 he freedom of the cities And every band in every town VViH play its choicest ditties, iiach orator will hail him with A . ° M eloquent expressions. And all the citizens will join In forming big processions. ^°Anrf r"J "Pj°>-7'" then break loose, A ^ ^t'' ^ ^°°^ SO sweeping, And on Manila's hero then All honors we'll be heaping 'IWn u^""^ Dewey comes back home 1 here 11 be a grand ovation, Ing : O God, I cry to Thee ! 1 grope in the darkness to clasp him— Ti,- • uf ''r ""li,"^'^ ^^''^ l^'des from me The sight of Thy hand, dear Father! though outstretched to comfort it be. IsiDOR D. French. 604 POETRY OF THE WAR. PICTUI ■ OF WAR. SPIRIT of light and life! when battle rears Her fiery brow and her terrific spears ! When red-mouthed cannon to the clouds uproar, And gasping thousands make their beds in gore, While on the billowy bosom of the air Roll the dead notes of anguish and des- pair ! Unseen, thou walk'st upon the smoking plain, / nd hear' St each groan that gurgles from the slain ! List ! war peals thunder on the battle- field. And many a hand grasps firm the glitter- ing shield, As on, with helm and plume, the warriors come, And the glad hills repeat their stormy drum ! And now are seen the youthful and the gray, With bosoms firing to partake the fray; The first, with hearts that consecrate the deed. All eager rush to vanquish or to bleed ! Like young waves racing in the morning sun, That rear and leap with reckless fury on ! But mark yon war-worn man, who looks on high. With thought and valor mirrored in his eye! Not all the gory revels of the day Can fright the vision of his home away; The home of love, and its associate smiles. His wife's endearment, and his baby's wiles : Fights he less brave through recollected bliss, With step retreating, or with sword remiss? Ah no ! remembered home's the warrior's charm, Speed to his sword, and vigor to his arm ; For this he supplicates the God afar, Fronts the steeled foe, and mingles in the war ! The cannon's hushed ! — nor drum, nor clarion sound: Helmet and hauberk gleam upon the ground ; Horseman and horse lie weltering in their gore; Patriots are dead, and heroes dare no more; While solemnly the moonlight shrouds the plain, And lights the lurid features of the slain ! And see ! on this rent mound, where daisies sprung, A battle- steed beneath his rider flung ; Oh ! never more he'll rear with fierce de- light, Roll his red eyes, and rally for the fight ! Pale on his bleeding breast the warrior lies. While from his rufiled lids the white- swelled eyes Ghastly and grimly stare upon the skies ! Afar, with bosom bared unto the breeze, White lips, and glaring eyes, and shiver- ing knees, A widow o'er her martyred soldier moans, Loading the night-winds with delirious groans ! Her blue-eyed babe, unconscious orphan he! So sweetly prattling in his cherub glee, Leers on his lifeless sire with infant wile, And plays and plucks him for a parent's smile ! But who, upon the battle- wasted plain, Shall count the faint, the gasping, and the slain ? Angel of Mercy ! ere the blood-fount chill. And the brave heart be spiritless and still. Amid the havoc thou art hovering nigh, To calm each groan, and close each dy- ing eye. And waft the spirit to that halcyon shore, Where war's loud thunders lash the winds no more ! Robert Montgomery. POETRY OF THE WAR. 605 PATRIOTS AND PIRATES. WE praise the heroes of a long-dead time, The Spartan or the Roman or the Gaul, We flatter in oration or in rhyme The dusty corpses deaf and dumb to all But here we find beside our very door True heroes who are battling for the right- True heroes, brave as any braves of yore, True heroes, targets of the tyrant's might. We prate of wrongs our own forefathers felt. But these have suffered more a thousand fold: We boast of brave blows those forefathers dealt. But unto these, our neighbors, we are cold. We sigh for sufferings of the ancient years. While men to-day are tortured, hanged and shot, While starving babes and women shed their tears. And while this island Eden seems a blot. Like gaping listeners at some passing show. Who melt with pity at an actor's tears, Applauding, bent with passion to and fro At glimpses of fictitious hopes and fears. So we have sighed and sobbed for other times. Mourned over urns, hissed tyrants turned to clay. Yet idly watched the century's crown of crimes And saw true heroes die like dogs to- day. Strange, that a people once themselves oppressed, Heed not the patriots fighting to be free; Strange, they who braved the Briton's lion crest, Should let a murderous pirate braggart be! O, shame too great for puny human words, When gold and silver rule the tongue and pen ! The eagle in the air is king of birds. The eagle on the dollar king of men! O Cuba, as in stories of the past. Transcendent beauty brought transcen- dent woe. Thou, in thy peerless loveliness at last. Hast seen thy queenly glories sinking low. When Ehsa, slandered, breathed her fer- vent prayer, There came her true knight of the holy grail; But no true knight will heed thy deep despair And hasten with a swan wing for a sail. Ah, yes, at last it comes— the swan, the swan I O, fairest lady, see thy true knight here! With white wings fluttering in the roseate dawn. His bark shall blanch thy tyrant's cheek with fear. Before the fast feet of the northern gale He comes to face thy false accuser, 3pain ; O, fairest lady, dream no more of fail; Those heroes, Cuba, have not died in vain. WAR. WHAT worse, you ask, than useless war — Sunk ships, stonned cities. States down- hurled — The thunderous hammer-strokes of Thor That crash the rock-ribs of the world ? What worse than horrid war? O cease The coward cry ; is not the curse Of vile and ignominious peace, Bought with the price of honor, worse? What worse than war? A sullied fame ; The scoff" of heroes and the scorn Of history and song ; the shame— The taint — corrupting sons unborn. Better is war than sordid gain Wrung from the servile; better far 606 POETRY OF THE WAR. Than manhood lost and virtue slain, Is war, war, everlasting war I Alas ! I, too, lament the woe That war must bring— the blood, the tears ; Yet Right, to vanquish Wrong, I know Must oft beat pruning-hooks to spears. When fallen Liberty's sweet breast Throbs bare below the Spaniard's knife. Pause not to drool of worst or best First save the bleeding victim's life. Two strokes sublime Columbia's hand Hath dealt in war — one stroke to save From foreign sway our native land — One stroke to free the negro slave. Now, once again the great sword awes The despot— flames o'er land and sea — A volunteer in Cuba's cause; Spain falls, and Cuba rises, free ! W. H. Venable. AMERICA SHALL BE FREE. EACH patriot heart to-day is thrilled. Each cry of conscience now is stilled, For Cuba's rights the nation spoke, And at the word the Spanish yoke That wet with blood had come to be. Fell, riven, from a people free. No more as slaves shall Cuba's fair In cringing aspect tremble there Before those despots harsh and rude. Who pitied none, whose souls so crude They cared for naught but Castile's lust, Though humbling millions low in dust. Lead on, ye sons of freedom's birth, Till every soul around the earth Shall breathe the air as free as we, Aad serve no master save but He ' Who rules the universe from high, And loveth all beneath the sky. No higher mission binds us here ; Firm in the right, we know not fear. In justice' name we launch our boats, In freedom's cause our flag e'er floats. Each shot that leaves the cannon's mouth. In echoes wide from north to south. Proclaims to all, from sea to sea, America shall all be free. THE STORY OF A DRUM. A REGIMENT in motion and the rat- tle of a drum, With a rat, tat, tat ! and rat, tat turn ! Fear is on the face of some, Others stopping with aplomb ; And steady is the patter and the clatter ol the drum. Sweeping lines in evt tion, fast the wheel- ing columns come ; And a thousand men are stepping to the ^ tapping of the drum ! There are countenances glum. There are senses dull and numb, But a boy is stepping proudly there, he's playing on the drum. The rage and roar of battle, and the rattle of a drum. The shrt ;»nel jhot are flying with a zij. ! and a zum ! Cruel shells exploding come. And the bullets hiss and hum. But a drum still echoes loudly. Will the thing be never mum ? Darkness on the field of battle, where the body seekers come ! The storm of death is ended, and dis- played the struggle's sum — A pallid face, a drum ; There is blood, and both are dumb. A story of a drunmer and a story of a drum. T. E McGrath. DEWEY'S COMING. THEY say that Dewey's comin' ; that's the word from lips to lips ! I'm talkin' 'bout the feller that sunk all the Spanish ships In the far Manila harbor! An', good folks, wlien Dewey comes. There'll be blowin' of the bugles, there'll be beatin' of the drums ! They say that Dewey's comin' ; he's the feller that we like ! He knew when all the tempest told the lightnin' where to strike ! He knew the very moment when the thunder beat its drums. And we'll blow the sv,'eetest bugles when Mister Dewey comes ! POETRY OF THE WAR. A CUBAN EPISODE. 'y WAS in front of Santiago, and the * loudly screaming shell Commingled with the cannon's roar and ringing Yankee yell ; While the rattling bullets and the cries of fear and pain Combined to make a picture none will want to see again. The Spaniards held the trenches and de- clared they'd never run From all the Yankee porkers that were rooting 'neath the sun ; We soon found they were foemen not un- worthy of our str-eJ, And some of us, I'm very sure, uneasy quite did feel. ^ This was my first experience in real war's inhuman ways, And I found -i very different from what 1 d seen m plays ; But I screwed my courage up and resolved to blaze away And do some deed of valor that would help to save the day. I aimed at a fat captain, with a large and roomy front — Big game I always do select when I start out to hunt — I pulled the trigger, and there was a sharp, resounding crack. And that Spanish captain doubled rrp just like a jumping-jack. 'Twas then my conscience smote me and shivers through me ran, As I thought how I'd deliberately shot down a fellow man. Yet, while my knees were shaking— my courage almost flown — I smiled to think 'twas painless, for he didn't even groan. But when the fight was ended, 'mong prisoners at the rear, I found my robust captain, still alive, but acting queer. His stomach seemed to hurt him, and asking how he felt, I learned my shot I'd wasted— on the buckle of his belt. 607 PRAISE FOR OLR HEROES. ALL praise to this nation, and the stars and stripes The Army and Navy when both combined They planted the standard in Ma2' Santiago and Porto Rico also. ' The Spaniards cleared out when they saw this emblem afloat. ^ ^" ^fam'e -^^ "^'^^^ ^^'^''^'' '^''* ^^""o ^^ He conquered the Si)aniards on the first day of May; He sunk them and swamped them with tactics and skill, Himsdf and his heroes with a triumphant ^" also'-^ ^° ^^'^^^ Sampson and Schley They chased Cervera wherever ke did go He thought to get away his manceuvm and schemes, But the Fourth of July saw his whole fleet I Strewn along Santiago's beautiful bay ^" !So o/°o.d''"^^^ '^^^•""^'°"' ^'^^^ He was like St. Patrick when he banished the snakes Out of Ireland not to return again. And he forbid the English to cross the Atlantic to tlie U. States. '^" SVo ^^""^ ^^'■'"^' "'^' '^"''y ^^'^■ He disposed Lord Howe with his gold and nis bribes ^ "^ rd'dSiin!'' '"^'^ ^^'^" ^°"^^'"^' He would not disgrace old Ireland nor put a stain on his name. All praise to those heroes of Revolution- ary fame, Th.y fought with i-erseverance till thev banished the pirates and knaves They won most victorious, most glorious to relate. And they gave a name to this country called the United States. ^ Thomas O'Shea. ■ 608 POETRY OF THE WAR. THE SOLDIER'S DREAM. OUR bugles sang truce ; for the night- cloud had lowered, And the ntinel stars set their watch in the sky; And thousands had sunk on the ground overpowered — The weary to sleep, and the wounded to die. When reposing that night on my pallet of straw, By the wolf-scaring fagot that guarded the slain. At the dead of the night a sweet vision I saw, And thrice ere the morning I dreamt it again. Methought from the battle-field's dread- ful array Far, far I had roamed on a desolate track : 'Twas Autumn— and sunshine arose on the way To the home of my fathers, that wel- comed me back. I flew to the pleasant fields, traversed so oft In life's morning march, when my bosom was young ; I heard my own mountain-goats bleating aloft, And knew the sweet sti in that the corn-reapers sung. Then pledged we the wine cup, and fondly I swore From my home and my weeping friends never to part : My little ones kissed me a thousand times o'er, And my wife sobbed aloud in her ful- ness of heart. Stay, stay with us !— rest ; thou art weary and worn ! — And fain was their war-broken soldier to stay ; But sorrow returned with the dawning of morn, And the voice in my dreaming eat melted away. Thomas Campbell. THE BABY ANF) THE .SOLDIERS. ROUGH and ready the troopers ride, Great bearded men, with swords by side ; The> have ridden long, they have ridden hard. They are travel-stained and battle-scarred ; The hard ground shakes with their mar- tial tramp. And coarse is the laugh of the men in camp. They reach the spot where the mother stands Wit. a baby clapping its little hands, Laughing aloud at the gallant sight Of the mounted soldiers fresh from the fight. '1 he Captain laughs out: "I'll give you this, A handful of gold, your baby to kiss." Smiles the mother : " A kiss can't be sold But gladly he'll kiss a soldier bold." ' He lifts the baby with manly grace And covers with kisses its smiling face, Its rosy lips and its dimpled charms, And it crows with delight in the soldier's arms. "Not all for the Captain," the soldiers call ; "The baby, we know, has one for all." To the soldiers' breasts the baby is pressed By the strong, rough men, and by turns caressed, And louder it laughs, and the mother fair. Smiles with mute joy as the kisses they share. " Just such a kiss," cries one trooper grim, " When I left my boy I gave to him; " "And just such a kiss on the parting day I gave to my girl as asleep she lay." Such were the words of the soldiers brave, And their eyes were moist as the kiss they gave. Colonel Roosfvelt's Reports on THE Battle of San Juan. ii WO reports made by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt to his superior officer in front of Santiago in July were given out by the War Department at Washington, December ;J2, 1898. Both reports describe the operations of the Rough Riders in the battle of San Juan, the second telling a much fuller story. In his first report, dated July 4th, he mentions by name many of the troopers who distinguished themselves by their bravery. This part of the report, which was made by Roosevelt as lieutenant-colonel, in charge of the regiment, to Colonel Wood, temporarily in charge of the brigade, was as follows : "We went into the fight about four hundred and ninety strong. Eighty- six were killed or wounded and there are half a dozen missing. The great heat prostrated nearly forty men, some of them among the best in the regi- ment. Besides Captain O'Neill and Lieutenant Haskell, who were killed Lieutenants Leahy, Devereaux and Case were wounded. All behaved with great gallantry. As for Captain O'Neill, his loss is one of the severest that could have befallen the regiment. He was a man of cool head, great execu- tive ability and literally dauntless courage. Praises OflBcers and Troopers. " To attempt to give a list of the men who showed signal valor would necessitate sending in an almost complete roster of the regiment. Many of the cases which I mention stand merely as examples of the rest, not as exceptions. "Captain Jenkins acted as Major and showed such conspicuous gallantry and efficiency that I earnestly hope he may be promoted to major as soon as a vacancy occurs. Captains Lewellen, MuUer and Luna led their troops throughout the charges, handling them admirably. At the end of the battle Lieutenants Kane, Greenwood and Goodrich were in charge of their troops immediately under my eye, and I wish particularly to commend their conduct throughout. ^* 609 610 ROOSEVELT'S RETORTS ON BATTLE OF SAN JUAN Ray Clark, of Tro^p F Troope'rs Zh''" f r"°"' "''"'"' '""^'^B" ="<' Tru,„pe,er McDonald of tC lT' -""^'r,",""? '^'""■' °' ''"""' ^ • Trooper Goison of Troon r f, ' »'•■''"' ""8'"=^. "f '''roop H, and some very severdy Zs, of't^ 7''T'"' "" "«'" '"" l"-!.' »oundcd. Oliver 1). Moreon 'of Twho^rh'T ,".""' '"' I"' "'"■^ *^- ^r-per out t],e charging was killed wl i"t , ' """ '''' ">' "'''= »» "'~"Bh- ■• Sereeant fZ "'"^l"'"''^ ''8''""S "i* marked gallantry. Troop KTser^el^SeoT^T "t' r" "^-P"' ''=" -' Carroll, o, Dudley Dean, TrIpeteT Fo terTT^L R°'''T%°°°'^ '^'"'P'''" ""^ Bardehan, of Troop A are «M t' ° , '°°P "• =""1 I^OP"" Greenwold and was sent to the hospital thf Z' ' ^^'''' ^"' '^^P' '" *'^^ ^""g ''"-• He taking us, .nd rouTl^^^^^^^^ T 'f '' ^"'^ '"'"'^^'^ °"^ ^« "•^' -e- that I wa forced aVananH^ . '"'' ^'"^ '"'^'^ indifference to danger needless risks ^ '^"" '° ^'^*''^'" ^"'^ ^^^^-^^^^ ^im for runnfng Had to go Back for His Men. and by^'x::!^^^^^^^ ^^ ^T ^-°P- ^ho. I cannot identify first hill. I had caHed 1?M , 1'°°^ ^ '' ^"' ^^'^^ ^^ '^^^ taken the n.. w. cii Jedt;t:ir^ itTtird?-- ^^ ^^^^ ^^- •- confusion, with meHhoot-nl '^''^T- l"*''' '' ^"' ^'"^P'^ '^^'^^"^^ '" the I told th; Te men to wa a r ""^ ' '''^ ^'' "°' ""^'^^' "^ ^*^^^- ran back, whTeT ran back anH??; "V' "'''^''' ""' "Misunderstood if we ail the regiment cai with a ru^h ' ''^ "^•'"^"^' ^"^ ^' ^-" ^ ^ '^'^ - fire ZTe7ZZ ^'it 'rtoT ^"^^^T 'T '™ '"" *^^ °P^"' ^'^^'-^ ^'^ wounded, and he called I ''°"^T^ "' ''''' °"'>' ^'^^^^ ^^^^ ^-"ously could reach ^ but to conHn ' ^ T'"' '^""' '° ^^>' ^'^ '^^"^^^ -^"e he the wounded 'had to betft unt". r^'Ti ''''' '''" "'^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^" from the firing hne ' '^ '^' ^^^*' '■°'" ^^^ '^^^^ «P^re no men ^ * Very respectfully, "Theodore Roosevelt" u_.i,ne„r^antiagu,July2oth. It was as follows : UAN. '<■ Troop E . Gregor and f Troop A ; >op J J, and U wounded, /■. Trooper II through- Carroll, of npbelj and nwold and olness and Rowland. : line. He us, over- to danger r running )t identify taken the time lost )und that se in the me start. I if we all I did so ■ning the ieriousiy vhere he as. All no men ROOSEVELT'S REPORTS ON BATTLE OF SAN JUAN Oil " Ac T h^ I . ''" '"^^M inclusive. I s^^^^::::::::^^':^::^' ^^^°^^^ ^^-^ ^^^ «- ^^y^ operation. the S^^dt^rirj^f;;;,'^'^ -y -^i:~ Wd at thehead of the Spaniards rfptd tot wthX^^ !^^"'" '''' b^"-'- o,.n., of the men of ,ny regilntvVeth'";, ;',''"'' '"' "°""^^'^ ^--^' regiment crossed the foTbcfoJeth^K ,'''' '^"'"'^^ '^'' ^'g^t, and n>y the fire of the enemy o at thlt no.W ^ '"'" '"^" ^'^^''^ ^"'^ ^"''-''-■^ to march forward until I joined cT Tr "? ""• ''>' "'"'^'^^^ '^^^ '--^ about three-,..arterr:;f a S I wa Ta ted ^dtldf ' "'^'' '"^ ''^ '^^ the ^reek by a deep lane *° '■^'"'"" '" '^'^'''^ "^'^r ther::;:;.:;:::;':;^:;^^!^::^ — ^^- ^^^e ne.thourwhilewe,ay Captain O'Neill, whos'e loss w^a t^^, :"b,t t^T"" ^'^ '"""^ ^^^ was a singularly gallant and effici.nf nffl '"''^^•^^'o^ *« ^hc regmient, for he also shot at thi^Le He shfw d' ^'^T''" ^'""^ '^""^"''''"^ ^^-'^^" ^- use during the fighting Infrcht Tt" """''"' '^'^ '^^" °^ ^-'^ be taken about him. '"^'•chmg. It seems to me so.ne action should Took the Blockhouse cava;:^:Lt"vred7he7,i::„;r:„[:"'"r" """'" °'*= -«"'- deployed as skirmishers. W?I1 "h"'"™ "' '""T "'■ ='"^" '™P='">' regiment ahead of us as it seen,rH 7„ ° """"' '^""'''^' ''•"' "' "■= ...enchmen. i„ U inlXtr: ."he™ 'raXare'" '"^^'^ *= regiment thus* being 'hTLt „ . T '"V" '^'""' ''"''■ *= '"^" °f ""V through the Spanish*,;* s. T^e gX: Jn'Tlfr"''" ="" '" ""''' point, but some of the men of A an,, R , u ^ '""P "■"= ""' " «"■' sot in ahead of them At Ae,,,; T"'' "'"' ""' "■'"' ™= P"»onal,y, abandon my horse^^daltallZttfo: ""' ""' ' ''^ °'''''' '° sanju^.:w,r.roti^:?h;':Hr:t'thef "■r^^""-^ «- ->- *- infantry and cava,ry. sup^orTed^y clp „ P:rWs* nf" "^ *= "S^"'- riot;/;-;:^ '^^'" ^ '"- '»-Hadt:^n^« •;?.?:;■,, ^jbt' Ninth a„d%r.1f:h:r;r;'r;;L^„t-"^ °"" regimen. .„t„f-the 612 ROOSEVELT'S REPORTS ON BATTLE OF SAN JUAN. " We then charged f. >i ward under a very heavy fire across the valley ag„ list the Spanish entrenchments on the hill in the rear of San Juan hill. This we also took, capturing several prisoners. " We then formed in whatever order wc could and moved forward, driving the Spanish before us to the crest of the hills in front, which were immedi- ately opposite the city of Santiago itself. Here I received orders to halt and hold the line on the hill's crest. I had at the time fragments of the Sixth Cavalry Regiment and an occasional infantryman under me— three or four hundred men all told. As I was the highest there I took command of all of them, and so continued till next morning. " The Spaniards attempted a counter attack that afternoon, but were easily driven back, and then until after dark we remained under a heavy fire from their rifles and great guns, lying flat on our faces on a gentle slope just behind the crest, " Captain Parker's Catling battery was run up to the right of my regi- ment and did most excellent and gallant service. In order to charge the men had of course been obliged to throw away their packs, and we had nothing to sleep in and nothing to eat. We were lucky enough, however, to find in the last blockhouse captured the Spanish dinners, still cooking, which we ate with relish. They consisted chiefly cf rice and peas, with a big pot contain- ing a stew of fresh meat, probably for the officers. " We also distributed the captured Spanish blankets as far as they would go among our men, and gathered a good deal of Mauser ammunition for use in the Colt rapid-fire guns, v^hich were being brought up. That night we dug entrenchments across the front. Stopped Enemy's Advance. "At three o'clock in the morning the Spaniards made another attack upon us, which was easily repelled, and at four they opened the day with a heavy rifle and shrapnel fire. All day long we remained under this, replying whenever we got the chance. In the evening at about eight o'clock the Spaniards fired three guns and then opened a very heavy rifle fire, their skirmishers coming well forward. " I got all my men down into the trenches, as did the other command near me. and we opened a heavy return fire. The Spanish advance was at once stopped, and after an hour their fire died away. This night we com- pleted most of our trenches and began to build bomb proofs. The protection afforded our men was good, and the next morning I had but one man wounded from the rifle and shell fire until twelve o'clock, when the truce came. " I do not mention the officers and men who particularly distinguished ROOSEVELT'S REPORTS ON BATTLE OF SAN ja\N. 613 themselves, as I have nothing to add in this respect to what was contained in my former letter. " There were numerous Red Cross flags flying in the various parts of the city two of them so arranged that they directly covered batteries in our front and for some time were the cause of our not firing at them. " The Spanish guerrillas were very active, especially in our rear, where they seemrd bypreferen t , .. lack the wounded men who were being carried on htters, the doctors ; nd n.ed.c I attendants with Red Cross flags on their arms and the burial pa ti ^•, "I organized a dt^-^l. o\ K'.arpshooters and sent them out aftrr the guerrillas, of whom they , -icd thirteen. Two of the men thus killed were shot several hours after the truce had bcr . in operation, because, in spite of this fact, they kept firing upon our men as they went to draw water. They were stationed in the trees, as the guerrillas were generally, and. owing to the density of the foliage and to the use of smokeless powder rifles, it was an exceedingly difficult matter to locate them. Food and Medical Supplies Inadequate. " For the next seven days, until the loth, we lay in our line while the truce continued. " We had continually to work at additional bombproofs and at the trenches and as we had no proper supply of food and utterly inadequate medical facilities the men suffered a good deal. The officers chipped together, pur- chased beans, tomatoes and sugar for the men, so that they might have some relief from the bacon and hardtack. With a great deal of difficulty we got them coffee. ^ " As for the sick and wounded, they suffered so in the hospitals when sent to the rear for lack of food and attention that we found it bo^.^ to keep them at the front and give them such care as our own doctors coild. " As I mentioned in my previous letter, thirteen of our wounded men continued to fight through the battle in spite of their injuries. In spite of their wounds those sent to the rear, many both sick and wounded, came up to rejoin us as soon as their condition allowed them to walk. " On the loth the truce was at an end and the bombardment reopened. As far as our lines were concerned, it was on the Spanish part very feeble We suffered no losses, and speedily got the fire from their trenches in our front completely under control. "On the I ith we moved three-quarters of a mile to the right, the truce again being on. " Nothing happened there, except we continued to watch and do our 614 PEACE JUBILEES best to get the men, especially the sick oroncrl,, foj u • tation, and being able to set h=.MI 1"°^"'^ f'* H™"B no transpor- used anything we could l,^S ''"''>' ^"f ''■■■»"e'' *e regular channelsfwe mules, some ff w .i htd bee7 „C H H r"^*. ^'""'^ """''■ =''-<•-=<' d-minuti. s.„„ypo„t^Xr^miL:^i:^r^ time tf .*r.o"';r ::pS irr^ "' r -"'"" ^^ -- ^"= '- *. .0. the Kfd Cro-'-o ;;ergo;r; raSe-L-—- for thlfnltirwdl t TllT'^-'T T ™'^ ^- '"' ^'*. '»" On the 17th tlie city surrendered. On the l8th w,. ,hlt A here, the best camp we have hid h„t ,1, I , ■ , *'''^'' """P '<> sun told very heavHv o„ Z '""'" ""''" «•= """"day and the nextC n^g?.3Tr;;rtrted f TT''"' "' °"""*' but half of the c^ I. ir:zir:z::v: tj^ti:; Zo\ rr '-z these are not fit to do anything like the work .hey cotwlo'thel '^' "" -.behi„:::rtrai°^:fX;--^^^^^^^^ for the most of the officers and many of the m^n Onlv th^ ^ ^"'^ the .mp^vised pac. train all.ded to alve sav^;:; from^b n/w^T '°" ^^ Yesterday I sent in a detail of six officers and men to se! IT m :xt:r:t:vr,rr:::;v;-rjf--^ suffering has been due primarilv InVlL °"'' °''" P°"'^"*^- ^ur or snffiLt clothin;anTo;:Sira/!fp;Lr"^'^""'°" ^"' °^ ^-^^ ^^^ " We should now have wagon sheets for tentage. Very respectfully. PEACE JUBILEES. satisfaction over its resuTtl ''"■' ""^ "^P^^^^ ^^^ Public Chicago's great peace ],: ilee began on Monday October i7fh ^ .nued for sevc.., days. President and Mrs. McLn^ w ^^^^4",^ Z .^vcral members oi the Cabinet, many foreign ministers and' setrelwes' PEACE JUBILEES. gjg Senators. Representatives Governors, officers of the army and navy, mayors of cities, prelates of the churches and other distinguished men Arches were erected across many streets and named in honor of armv and navy heroes of the Spanish war. Flags and bunting decora ed e-^ bmldrng m he downtown district. Countless lines of efectric lights we^ strung for .lllummatmg the streets and every preparation was made to celebrate the victories at Manila and Santiago. There were banquets parldl! and a jubilee ball, and the city was crowded for many days ^ The jubilee was inaugurated with a union thanksgiving service at the Auditorium President McKinley attended and listened to addresses by a Jewish rabb, a Roman Catholic priest, a Presbyterian clergyman Tnd a no^ed colored orator^ The applause for the President was terrific.fnd at o e time he was compelled to rise m his box and respond to the frantic cheering oT the audience.- The services, however, were of a religious character. The President's party was driven to the Auditorium at 8 o'clock and all along the way people lined the streets to watch the passage of the Pres^den ' carriage. Easily 1..000 people were within the great Auditorium, and prob ably as many more were on the outside unable to obtain admittance A great public meeting was held in the Auditorium on Tuesday The presiding officer, George R. Peck, spoke briefly. The President wl^* unde! monstrative until Mr. Peck said, in reference to peace. ''We have gTven good hves for It. and every life makes it more precious." Then the Presfdent applauded. A moment later the orator struck another chord, whchsemed o arouse the enthusiasm of the nation's chief. "Our greatest victory "he s Id. IS the supreme victory which the North and South have won over each other." At this the President and all applauded vigorously. President McKinley Speaks. for thtrri?"' ^'^'"^'^ '"' P'-"'^ "'■°^*= *° ^'^^' tJ'^- ^-re loud calls for the Ch^f Executive. For fully five minutes the enthusiasm of the audi ence would not let him speak. Then he spoke as follows: " M> Lllow cit zens I have been deeply moved by this great demonstration. I have been deeply touched by the words of patriotism that have been uttered by the dis" tinguished men -o eloquently in your presence. "It is gratifying to all of us to know that this has never ceased to be a war of human.ty. The last ship that went out of the harbor of Havana nelr Tr" K '1'''"' r '" ^""'^^" ^'^'P ^^^* ''^^ ^^^- to the suffering people of Cuba the supplies furnished by American charity (applause) and he hrst ship to sail into the harbor of Santiago was an American'ship being food supplies to the suffering Cubans (applause), and I am sure it is the uni! 616 PEACE JUBILEES. theprogress of .1,. war (Applause ) " "^ " '"'^ ""= ■il^'tinguisl.ed Tl,e md,tary parade occupied Wednesday, and o great was he ^rowd of people along the route that the pohce had great difficulty ^kep^^^^^^^^^^ open passage for the men in line. ^ ^^epinfj an McKinley Arouses Enthusiasm. The President rose and uncovered as the veterans of the civil wat- ered l^e an^d^agair^^" ''' -""■^'-" °^^^- — -^" - Uniolf'^" *^'' rTl""'? '" ^'"' ^'^ ^'°"^ ^>^ ^^^ P'^^'d-"t was escorted to the Union League Club, where he partook of luncheon as the guest of he dub More than a thousand persons were at the table, includingihe gues s of tt city and prominent members of the organization While the President was at luncheon a great crowd outside called for h.m. They would not be denied, and the President stepped out on the revewmg stand. As soon as quiet was restored he said • " I witness with pride and .satisfaction the cheers of the multitudes as th. (Great applause.) I witness with increasing pride the wild acclaim of ft people as you watch the volunteers and the' regulars and our n a" r (the guardians of the people on land and sea) pass before your eye The demonstration of to-day is worth everything to our country. L I reaVinThe men: " itl Tr "' '°""''^"^" "" ''''^'^ '^ ^^ *° '' ^'-^ >>^i govern ment. with its free inst.utions, shall never perish from the face of the her.VT'^' ^T'^^' '"^". '^'^ '^'"^ °^ '""''y P^*"°t'«= ^^'^an. nian and child here to-day. (Applause.) But I cannot do that. (Voice from the crowd But you've got our hearts/ followed by prolonged cheering) ' 'And so I leave with you not only my thanks, but the thanks of thf, great nation, for your patriotism and devotion to the flag." (G eat cheeri- On the 2Sth, .6th. .7th and 38th of October a Nalonal J b e to eo^' memorate the return of peace drew to Philadelphia the most notable officials" of the Government, and the most renowned commander, and he-^^^ . ' war. The festivities, which were attended by hundreds of thousandl of proplT iSR PEACE JUBILEES. 617 who exhibited their patriotism in every possible way. began with a great Naval Parade on the Delaware on the afternoon of the 25th The Naval Review was one of the grandest spectacles that has ever been witnessed m th.s country. Every craft on the river, from the usually incon- sequential tugboat to the fleet of massive warships that honored the city with Its presence, and from the dingy rowboat to every sailing vessel of material on^r ^^'^ rT"'"'- "^^^ '""^''■'"^^ °^P'^" '^''' P^°J-^ '"to the stream' on both sides of the river were likewise beautified by a generous display of flags and bunting. The whole scene was inspiring, and, with each Govern- ment vessel booming forth a salute of seventeen guns to the Secretary of the Navy as he passed the moored monsters of war on the luxurious steam yacht May the spirit of patriotism was so manifest that one's sense of love for country demonstrated itself in long and loud cheers Every class of vessel in the United States navy was represented in the motionless line of warships, from the great massive battleship down to the daring torpedo-boat as well as that valuable arm of the service represented tha t.^ r^T. . f d-Patch-boat The crowd of sightseers realized that, in the battles of the war, all of them performed their duty in the spirit b ockade duty, or in pitched engagements, and all, with the heroes on board of them, were accorded that enthusiastic reception which a loyal American people are capable of giving. The men were not forgotten in the admiration of the ships. It ,s a matter of history that every man, wherever found, down whl%T"Tr'T"^ the .tokers, or behind the guns, performed his whole duty and the cheering was for them as well as for the ships which they manned. ^ War Vessels Greeted with Unbounded Enthusiasm. Following the Secretary of the Navy the great crowds on the boats in the line of parading vessels, over two miles long, cheered lustily as they glided slowiy by in their turn in single file. The Columbia came in for her share of applause, and then the Mayflower recalled by her presence her excellent record and she was cheered. But when the New Orleans, that defiant cruiser whose telling shots were felt by the Spanish forts on the coast of Cuba, was passed, it seemed as if the crowd wanted to board her and per- sonally grasp the hands of her officers and crew. But if they were demonstrative then, words almost fail to describe their enthusiasm as they passed that battle monster, the battleship Teva. fh*. flap- ship of Commodore Philip's squadron. It was not an easy thing to'recall from her present condition, that the Texas, with "Jack " Philip in command 618 PEACE JUBILEES. had taken a foremost part m one of the most marvellous marine battles in naval h.story. AU the other war vessels were greeted with enthusiasm, and the boommg of guns wh.ch saluted the Secretary of the Navy contributed much to render the occasion both inspiring and impressive ^°"^"^"*^d Mn.^.T^ of the interest in the National Jubilee centered in Military Day M.le after m.l^ hour after hour of marching men, popular heroes of the Spanish war, officers on horseback, privates on foot, gray-haired Grand Arl veterans, the scarred battle flags of the Rebellion, music of bands, enormo^ numbers of cheenng people massed in stands and on sidewalks the senio general of the United States Army leading the seven-mile line, th; Presidin of the United States and the Commander-in-Chief of the A;my and NaTv reviewing .t; and as a frame to the picture, the city gay with color shining m the clear sunshine of a perfect October day. ^ A^r-, ^"^^7 P"?"'^'" f^^°"te in the parade was liberally applauded. General Miles and General Wheeler. Hobson and his men, the Rough Ride s' detach ment the gallant Tenth Cavalry, the colored troopers Iho came to h relief of Roosevelt's men when they were so h^rd pressed at El Caney • Captain Sigsbee, the marines and the Twenty-first Infantry were received with the wildest demonstrations of delight. received Patriotic Celebration. President McKinley, who was the guest of the Clover Club, of Philadel phia, said in his address : "wuei- "It is most gratifying to me to participate with the people of Philadel phia int^iM great patriotic celebration. It has been a pageant the like of which I do not believe has been seen since the close of the civil war when the army of Grant and Sherman and the navy of Farragut and Porter met n that great celebration in Washington and were reviewed by President Lin coin. And I know of no better place in which to have such a celebration than in this glorious city, which witnessed the Declaration of Independence I' As I stood on the reviewing stand to-day my heart was filled only with gratitude to the God of battles, who has so favored us. and to the solars and sailors who have won such victories on land and sea and have ri' n such a new meaning to American valor. No braver soldiers or s..ors 4r a '■em bled under any flag. ' «^-^ciii- w I ^°" ^^"^ ^°"'? *^^ ^"'°'' °^ Guantanamo, of Santiago, of Porto Rico We had unfortunately none of the heroes of Manila, but our hearts ^o out to-night to tl^ brave Dewey"_here the President was interrupted wit tremendous cheers— "and to Merritt anH fo Otis and to all th u with them. ^° ^" *^'^ ''"^^ '»^" PEACE JUBILEES. gjg "Gentlemen, the American people are ready If the- M^rr.n,.. • * u couia Lrnriierr::: ttiL^-irtLV^r^^^^^^^^^^ --- - the front, in the trenches, but the men who w re wilhnf InT" ""' '" but who could not be sent." ^ ^""^ ''"'"°"' ^^ S«- hU hw .^'u'?"'' T''^ P"* ^""'"y °"" '" ^^<=^"«"t humor. He extended produtfar-t;^:\rt:i;:ttrrot^^^^^ part of enthusiatic^iti.ens. ^r::T:^::z^z:':Tr^:^ 2 '"' who commanded them, were everywhere treated wT/hn 1^ !f J "■' where the gallant^ of the men had^esuUed „ w de pre d"p^^^^^^ instance, in the case of Hobson and the c^ew of the Me/rimac "'^' ' Admiral Schley Gets a Sword. In Philadelphia one of the most conspicuous testimonials was bestowed -being no less than the presentation to Admiral Schlev nfl ^"^^"""^ sword in honor of his victory over Cervera's Cl^'tnL^' ^HIIT: mcludmg scabbard and belt, was mounted in i8-karat gold and was je veHed w.th opals and diamonds. It cost ^3500, every cent of which was ,sdb' popular subscription through the Philadelphia T^mcs. The slrd ncid-.^ attracted great attention in Philadelphia, and on each of his vis's to the c I Admiral Schley was met and cheered by patriotic multitudes. "^ Those participating in the presentation of the sword to Admiral Schlev were distinctly representative men of the people of Pennsylvania Gotnor 1"^' ^fr"^ '^' '"^^'''^ °^ "^^^"'"^ «" behalf of the great Common wealth, and Mayor Warwick delivered the address of welcome frr the 0^-"^ Brotherly Love. The magnificent tiibute of the peopl to Idmi a S dfley was then presented to him by a Philadelphia school nVl. Miss RenlMacN ^ a sister of one of " the men behind the guns " on Admira sS^'^^;; during the great battle on the 3d of July, and who exhibited specfa heroism at the critical period of the conflict, for which he was justly promo d The response of the admiral on receiving the sword was delivered in Our New Possessions. HE area of Cuba i, about equal to that of Pennsvlvauia, the ie jgA being 7»o in.Ies. aad the width varying from 35 to 130 w.\^^ The produruve soil, mineral wealth and climatic conditions of the island entitle u tu nu.K amon,^ the foremost communities of the world The sod ,s a marvel of richness, and fertilizers are seldom ...ed, unless in the a ,,undred years as ha . happened in some of the old sugar-mne fields The mountains are of coral formation, while the lowlands of East. .1 Cuba at least seem to be composed largely of fossils of sea matter from prehistoric ime and are extremely rich in lime and phosphate, which account, for the in-' exhaustible fertility of the soil. <•"£ m St.tef ?°h ^1; '''Tn'"^ '"' ''"''^ "^"'■^ '^^"^ ^^y y^^^' before the United States. Cuba has still 13.000,000 acres of primeval forests; mahogany cedar logwood, redwood, ebony, lignum-vit. and caiguaran (which is more'iurab ' Ible'toTe" .h" T" ""' ^'"'^ "' ^"°"^ ^'^ "°°^^- '' ^" ^he land suit! ab e to the growth of sugar-cane were devoted to that industry, it is estimated that Cuba might supply the entire Western Hemisphere wiU sugar. The sland has already produced in a single year for export 1.000,000 tons, and capabihties have only been in the experimental stage. The adaptab lity d the soil for tobacco culture has long been known. Cuba takes great pride in the quality of her coffee, and until the war the plantations werffloufi ht; The land is not suited to the cultivation of cereals. ^' .^ "^^Vf T'' """^ °" ^" ^''^'■^^^' '^y ^^^ C°"^"J General, is estimated at 560,000 bales (one bale is no pounds), 338.000 bales being exported and the remainder used in cigar and cigarette manufacture in Havana. The ctar exported ,n 1896 numbered 185.914.000. Tobacco leaf expctei in X 30,466.000 pounds; in 1896, 16.823,000 pounds; the decrease I ,'. due to 1' •lecree of May, 1896, forbidding tobacco leaf exports excntto ;,ain About 80.000 of the inhabitants arc ^ -inarily engaged in the cu;Hvatfo:;::;^to^ tion Im r ^"f'"' ■" ' °^ ^"'' '" *^"^ '^^^"'^' ■ ^"^ *he inform..: tion will be especially interesting and instructive at this tii.r when thev are under the cntrol of the land and naval forces of the U..," StL" Habana^(Havana). the capital city of the province of that n..,. . .nd of the OUR NEW TERRITORIES. 621 SI °^.^?r' '' '''"'^'^ °" '^' ^'-^^ ^'^^ °f "'^^^"^ B-y> on a peninsula of evel land of limestone formation, and is on the narrowest part of the island Its stragefc position at the mouth of the Gulf of Mexico, has aptly given .t the name of the Key of the Gulf, and a sy,nbolic key is emblazoned fn its coat of arms. The entrance to the harbor, guarded on one side by the Morro and the frownmg he.ghts of La Cabana Fort, and on th. other by the Punta and Rdna batteries ,s narrow, but expands into a wide and deep harbor where a thousand sh.ps can safely ride. Havana is a strongly-fortified place, sur- rounded by .mposmg fortifications, such as the Cabana, Morro Castle. Castillo del Pnnc.pe, Fort Atares. Punta Reina Battery, and Fort No 4. The streets are generally narrow in the older part of the city, but outside the walls are many wide avenues. The cit, also contains many notable buildings, as the Cathedral, formerly a Jesuit convent, now the depository of the ashes of the immortal discoverer of America; the palace of the government, fine private residences, public parks, and statues of Columbus, Fernando VII.. Isabel III etc There are many churches and convents; a commemorative chapel fi-onts the palace close to a large ceiba tree, under which Diego Velasquez, the founder of the city, celebrated mass in 15 19. There are numerous cigar and cigarette fac- tories, tanneries, manufactories of sweetmeats, rum. candles, gas beer car- riages, soap, perfumery, glycerine, etc. Climate and Population. The population of Havana, from reliable official estimate, is about 2-^0 000 Its principal exports to the United States consist of tobacco, fruit wax' and honey, sugar and molasses. AH kinds of breadstuffs, lumber, coal and ma- chinery are imported from the United States. The climate is generally warm and humid, and marked by two clearly defined seasons-the wet and dry the former ranging from June to December; September and October being con- sidered the hurricane months. The trade winds blow generally with great regularity, and the heat of the day is cooled by evening breezes Matanzas is beautifully situated on Matanzas Bay. on the north coast of Cuba, sixty miles east of Havana. It is divided into three parts by rivers the principal business part occupying the central portion, and extending west'one and one-half miles. The chief warehouses, distilleries, and sugar refineries are on the south of the river San Juan, easily accessible to railroads and lighters.^ The population is 49,384, and that of Matanzas province 271 000 according; to the 1893 census. The principal industries are rum distilling' sugar refining, and manufacture of guava jelly. There arc railroad car and 623 OUR NEW TERRITORIES. machine shops. The climate is fine, and Matanzas is considered the healthiest cty on the island. With proper drainage and sanitary arrangements, yellow fever and malaria would be almost unknown. Santiago de Cuba, the second city in size on the island, is probably the oldest city of any size on this hemisphere, having been founded by Velas quez m 1514. It fronts on a beautiful bay six miles long and two miles wide on the south-eastern coast of Cuba, 100 miles west of Cape Maysi The ^population in 1895 was 59,614. The mean temperature in summer is 88 de- grees; m wmtcr, 82 degrees. It is regarded as very unhealthy, yellow fever bemg prevalent throughout the year and small pox epidemic at certain times These conditions are due to the lack of sanitary and hygienic measures- all refuse nuitter as well as dead dogs, cats, chickens, etc., being thrown into' the streets to decay and fill the air with disease germs. A railroad called the babamlla and Maroted, runs from the city to San Luis, twenty-five miles distant, with a branch to Alto Songo, twelve in length. It is largely owned and controlled by citizens of the United States. Santiago is the headquarters for three large mining plants owned by United States citizens, viz., the Jurugua, the Spanish American, and the bigua, together representing the investment of about ^8,000,000 • the last named are not in operation. Santiago is the capital of this province and oriental region. There are a number of tobacco factories, but the chief business is the exportation of raw materials and the importation of manufactured -^oods and provisions. Sugar, iron ore, manganese, mahogany, hides, wax, ceu.r and to- bacco are exported to the United States. City and Harbor of Oienfuegos. Cienfuegos is on a peninsula in the Bay of lagua, six miles from the sea. rhe depth of water at the anchorage in the harbor is 2; feet, and at the dif- ferent wharves from 14 to 16 feet. The commercial importance of the place was recognized as long ago as 1850, and has increa.sed with the develop- ment of the sugar industry. This port is now the centre of the sugar trade for the south of the island. It is connected by rail with Havana and the principal points on the north of the island. The population in 1895 was 24,030. Sugar and tobacco are exported to the United States, and soap and ice are manufactured. The climate from December ist until May 1st is dry and moderately warm, the temperature ranging from 60 degrees to 78 degrees during the day and falling several degrees at night. At this season almost constant winds prevail from the north-east or north-west, accompanied by clouds of dust. For the rest of the year the temperature ranges from 75 degrees to 93 OUR NEW TERRITORIES, degrees, descending a few deL^rees -,f • i t ^^^ frequent and heavy rainfall, and windstorms '^"^'"^..^his season there are denuc. But httle attention is give^ the 1" '^^ ^^ "" '' '^'" ^"P'" or to sanitary measures. Water for Weho d T ^"''"''" ^° ^>'^'-- Pi'ed by two small plants the orinr/nr Purposes ,s sufficiently sup. •niles distant. The Jeath ;ate\T3 sTpe^r ''"'"^ ''' ^'^^^ ^'-^. - orHa::^!::----;-^^ dunng the winter, but from about the ^^^^^^^^ I '""I'^'-^'^ure is pleasant ber the weather is hot and su try th^th ! '^ '° "'^ "^'^^'^ ^^^ O^to- usually 94 degrees in the shade nifel'l'T''". '"^'"^ ^'^^ ^^^ ^^-"t' tary conditions are bad. Yellow feve "51 , ^ ''^^'■^^ ^^ "'sht San.- prevail throughout most of the veir he"^^ ' ^'^^"""^ ""^ P^'-"^^'"o"« ^vers of small pox also appear at thnt-s"^ ' "^ "°"^ '" *^« '^^ --O". Cases Trm.dad de Cuba is located on the slooe nftU. (Lookout), which has an elevation of nh.T ^ '"°""*^'" ^^"'^d La Vijia port. Casilda, lies about one le'; to the uu" T f T "^ ''''' T^^ ocked.and has very little depth Ves Is drawL " r"'''^ '' ^'-""^^ ' '^ to run aground with the least deviatTo from T^. '* ^ '"'^^^ ^''^ ^ ^^^ ha fa mile west of Trinidad is th^ r vTr G-r h' '"°"' ^^^""^^- ^bout only. Four n.iles east lies Mas o Bay wS n "'"^'''^ '°'" ^'"^^ ^oats vessels. The population numbers abour' L" s"""":'^*^ '^^^"^-^^ are exported. The climate is very healthvt'h^' ,?"S^'" ^"^ ^ little honey looo. though sanitary measures Trea^mi; \"'^ '''' ^^'"^ ^^ *« ^6 per ated that the heavier it rains X^eane " be" "".u''^ *°"" '^ - -'u- are considered the healthiest ., Juba "'^ ^^' *°^" «"d vicinity Statistics of the Island of Cuba Area (square miles) . . ., „„ V^uoa. Length (miles). . . •,^^"°- Width (miles) ...''■■ ;r; Topography. . . S. '^°. , Characteror.i. ' ^ " ^^^^ ^---^^^^^^^^ Climate ... Extremely fertile ; large forest area "°"f '^" coast than interior. Occasion.) .V u Mean temprn „ e "f "°^"- Occasional ,ce, but snow Rainy season.'."'. luLfT- u Products June to November. Minerals . . ." .' ; .' .* ; ; " wtkh ^If '"^''■' '^°"°"' ^"ff^^- "ce. maize, fruits Weal h of gramte, gneiss, limestone, copper coai «il • Industries . ""!*" P'''''ctically undeveloped, ^'^ ' *'°^'' "'^^'■' ""O" Exports ....*; v^,"''"'!"''^' ^'■^^'■"S-- timber-cutting. ^^'"^' 180.000,000 (to U. S.) in 1893 ! ;«. ,^^ ^2* OUR ;na\ TFKRITORIM<5. SSr Appmximaldy #a3,ix)<.,c;<.o i-. iS9a. Telegraph Onile;)'. : .' . ." [Xl'^T^^, "^""'"'^ ''''"''^^^^^ kailroacis (miles) About I'.coo'. \';''P°''^ See-Cilies.- Kevemie to Spain .... Cnt •r^^^ n> , J.'«non,ii.„. ( c -(93-94) Over 5. ,-^,000 in taxe.sV I^.Kl.Une bv Spa,„ . . . W. expenses, ,.^.o.x,,o.: annually. I'reva.ling race.s "'"^-^';i«'"<^^R>-oes; balance white. Spaniards and native Cubans „ .,. . predomniate. reva.hnjr I^ ■.; uage .Spanisii. Prevailiuir religion Roman Catholic. caS^:;;.nia;ion: : ; ::':;::^!::::,::^r''^^^^^ Largest city, population . . . Hav.ina other ci,i«,.„p„,„i„„. . .„..„.■ ,.„3„,„„^„ .,„ , ^^^,,^ 24.030; Puerto I'rmcipe. 47,00-0; Santo Ksiiiritu. ,^,L' r c Cardenas 23,517. ' •'■^•''^< -ast Spanish Governor . . General Ramon UJan- o. Wss.on of Spain sin.e . . .492 -Colonized ,511. J^.t^f • /6o-inavij;al)le(theCauto). aZS'"' Pico deTursuino, 7670 feet high. p," " • ''\I->"y reptiles, few wild beasts. ' '?7""'^''" HiKi, win.Is, heavy rains. I^istance from Washington . Three days. The Island of Porto Rico. .7 tnle! h''"^ °^ l""''" ^'''° ^'' ''" ''''''' • •■ "b°"^ 3668 .square miles bcin. 37 ."ties broad and 108 • iles Ion,- The opulation is pLed at sA o 7^ one-half are wh.te artd the ..dance negroes and ccoles. San Juan s s ua ed on a long and narrow island, .separated from the main island t " end bt' shallow arm of the ..- , over .! /.h is a brid,e connecting it w h t c nrL nd wh,ch runs out at this point in a Ion, sand .spit, s'ome nin mi ; ndftTTS b- r' '""^ ""•''■ ''-''''''' ' ^^^ °^^- end th. island ends m a rugged b.u ff or promontory some undted Let high anc' three- vm r The ' ? r """ r '"" "'""'•" '=^P ''*°'= '"- » P.-'-'ing vessc. ihe water here is some thirty feet deep To a mariner unacquainted >vilh the locality, or when a norlher i, l.lmv .ng this entrance is one of difficulty and danger, 'kfter ronnii?,; lb fft^ fi.nh a broad and beautiful bay, landlocked, and with a good dep'h o^l™ xvico, and probably as uood a on^^ i; r.n h? foi— ' -i th- "' - t •• -t -„n ..e .oi,:;.^ in the vvc:it InOii.^. ilow- OUR NEW TI-.KRrnORIKS. ^.„^, Good Specimen of a Walled Town good condition and repair T e waUs 1 '^^^ ^ ^ '^°' '' "' ■'^''" '" «t„n ,H^ 1 , ^ ^"-^ ^'"'^ picturesque and represent i Stup .dous work and cost in then^selves. Inside the wdls, the city is h^l off r isia^^ ::!dr;nt^ •:; tx tt "' ''- 't'-'' ^^ ^'^ ^^-^^^^ K..-if f w • , ?. ^ ^ '-''■ ^'^'-^ Houses are c osely and comn-ictiv a variety of co ors. Ihe upper floors are occupied by the n.ore resoec^Lo people, whde the ground floors, almost withot^ e. option Ire rrl' negroes and tiie p .rer classes. ^ ^ " "P *° The population within the walls is estimat, -1 at :.o,ocx> .„d most of it hves on he ground floor In one small room, w.th a iimsy partZ I w o L am,ly w,ll res.de. The ground floor of the whole town Lks witl 'filth nd cond,t.ons are most unsanitary. I, a tropical country, where disease read"v prevafls, the consequences of such herding may be cLly inferred. There s no runnmg water m the town. The entire population depends upon ain water, caught upon the flat roofs of the bun lings and conduc Ld to the cL' wh.ch occup.es the greater part of the inner court yard that is an es nt ai part of Span.sh houses the world over, but that here, on account of the crowded cond.t.ons, is very small. '-^ount oi tne There is no seu, rage, except for surface water and sinks, while vaults are ,n every house and occupy whatever remaining space the;e may be ^ ^ p.:.. no. taKca up by the cisteins. The risk of contaminating the water .3 very great, and .n dry seasons the supply is entirely exhausted ^Epid n OUR NKW TI-RRiTORII'lS. arc frequent, and the town is alive with vermin, fleas, cockroaches, mosquitoes and dogs. The streets are wider than in the older part of Havana, and will admit two carriages abreast. The sidewalks are narrow, and in places will ■icconimodate but one person. The pavenirnts ar-- of a coniposition manu- factured in I igland from slag, pleasant and even, and durable when no heavy .strain is brought to bear upon them, but easily broken and unfit for heavy traffic. The streets are swept once a day by hand, and, strange to say, are kept very clean. From its topographical situation the town should be healthy, but it is not. The soil under the city is clay, mixed with lime, so hard as to be almost like rock. It is, consequently, impervious to water and furnishes a good natural drainage. The trade wind blows strong and fresh, and through the harbor runs a stream of .sea water at a speed of not less than three miles an hour. With these conditions no contagious disea.scs, if properly taken care of, could exist; without them the place would be a veritable plague spot. A study of the orographic features of the island shows that its mountain systems are developed most extensively in its south-central region and in its northea.stern division. Taking it as a whole the island is approximately roof shaped, so that the rainftll is rapidly drained off. For drainage purposes there are forty five considerable rivers and countless rivulets, seventeen of the rivers running to the north, sixteen to the .south and nine to the ea.st coa.st. And it is very noticeable that there is no extensive lake nestling in the high- lands of the interior. The Sickliest Season. Though there are no extended climatic observations covering the whole I'orto Rican territory, the Spanish series of international observations at San Juan, published by the Weather Bureau, show the general conditions pre- vailing in that city and its vicinity. The most marked feature of the climate is that the summer's heat and rainfall keep up until late autumn. This con- stancy of tropical heat has a very relaxing efTfect upon the the body, and is, therefore, injurious to the health of strangers, though the heat is mitigated by trade winds and stifif land and sea breezes. But in August and even later on the north coast the air is often intensely sultry, oppressive and almost calm, with little or no relief, so that Colonel Hinter pronounced this the sick- liest time for foreigners. For this reason he advi.sed residents of temperate climates not to visit Porto Rico until November, hen the weather becomes exquisitely fine and settled, continuing generally good during the winter and early spring. In this beautiful island, under new au.spices, doubtle-.^ there will spring up eventually a number of inviting winter resorts and sanitaria. For in the OUR NEW TKRRITORIFS wiiitir and early .sprini' Vortn Min^ ;„ i wind,, .,„»,„,';,„'; r,4' c': i '::,::'rif " -''- ^""^ •» ^""'-^ ■can coast toward l)M„„ula. '^ """ '""'"' ™>' "ff the AnKr- Heat, Rainfall, Winds and Hurrioaties. -^^;;: X:.r £r= :;;; :i'sc;-;r «• "-- 5 iO d„r,„g ,S.,.,e,„i,.,t„d ;. ,0' d.^ Xtr B '. i"''^'-' '' « '^"'•'-^ ber brint-s ll,^.. Iicavitst rams ]. ;. , *■""'*" '^- ""' m soiiif years S,|,lui.. narrow road, ,cad,„, fr: ,, .t^H: "'"' 7'" -ch heavy ra„,f„l, ,„e north coast are liable in these „:ol,t t'o' L' . r;'"",,'""- f ""'« "- heavy showers. The southern side of .h.. ^1 1 '""^ "■^'''"■•'' V 'be 'be northern, though the for, er i^ hab fto e "'''''''"''>■ ">"^>' J'ier 'ban of a hurricane. ''"'''"' '" '•«'»'">"= '•"ins during the pa,.,age deduJe^^Zt'l^ttrr'SL^"'" '°\^''«"»' '" -Oc'oberj.s,. ." .I'e genera, idea, /ra:h:r igtt ;::;,Itr;'"V"'' '■■■•'""'^' -■"-" southerly winds (igure considerably The el, h"""!'"'^ ""'"'■'' "''''^ rt~' ^"- - - ---- 'n re^tre^ts:- :::^» india!;T::::r Auo;;i„^::',:\t:,r„"=..'"Hr'^ '- "■= --^^ - ^est The usual track of l,urricanes ™t„:;;r''f">7 desolating hurricane, of .he island in August and a httl" outh oTt^s 't^T^' ' '""= """'■ So erratic, however, are these tremenilons wht, ?, '"P'™'''" and October. to be defiected from their wontcr, t ,1"^ ",f °' "" ""P'^"' '" ''able leas, until late i„ autumn, that the d.^r, "'" .^ ""'"'' '" '""""^- a' comn,anders of all vessels or. ,1 IVr,hfc„'t Tl' '" ''°"° '"'^'>- '^"d extreme vigilance .0 avoid be',,, cau 'h :™ t ""= ''''''"'' ^''""W ^-'='ci-' It cannot be said lb ,t ,l„. , ^ b'^-ncane. of .hem are e.celle, d s o 'tlZ" 'I ""= ,""' '" '"^ "°*' >>■" " few Mayague. Bay, on the we t els *?:.;;.'«'=""•">' deep for ordinary craft, anchorage in the island. Guan^'itl ITt °' 7 '"'' '' '"= '^^ coast is fairly indented and washed I '°''* =°='"' ^l.e ea.st ruRged north side there are norooH I " "'" """">' '"'°°*- O" 'h= Jna„,a, , the ocean current setf to ,0 H °"^" '"''^''" Arecibo and San T„3„ -r-,- ,. v,uiicn[ sets to south we.sfwarrj p.... .h- ^ r - Juan, uiiording good shelter will K« • ^^--^ mit the port of ban .., as weli as an attractive'C^t:,: ZS . Xt ^J^^ ^ ^ 628 OUR NEW TERRITORIES. ing health and pleasure in a winter cruise to the sunny seas of the tropics. Things go on in San Juan much as they have been going for a hundred years. Hundreds of officers, soldiers and policemen block the sidewalks and appear m the shops and cafes. San Juan has more policemen than any c.ty of the same size on earth. They are not needed. A more quiet and law-abidmg population could scarcely be found. Street fights and brawls, so common m American towns, are comparatively unknown. Days pass with- out a smgle arrest, and those which do occur are almost invariably for pttty thievery. Vet one cannot move without bumping against a policeman armed with a revolver and a heavy short sword. San Juan wakes early. By seven o'clock the shops are open, and a stir- ring of wide shutters in the upper stories of the houses shows that even the women are about. Hundreds of men are having their coffee in the cafes. Probably a band is playing somewhere, which means a detachment of troops returning from early mass in the Cathedral. By ten o'clock this early activity has worn itself out. The sun has got well up into the sky, white and hot. It falls in the narrow, unshaded streets, and the cobblestones begin to scorch through thin shoe soles. It is a time to seek the shade and quaff cooling drinks. Business languishes. About eleven shop shutters begin to go up, and soon the streets are as deserted as at midnight. Shops Closed at Midday. This is breakfast hour, and until well after noon not a shop or public building will be found open. About two or three, whether the siesta is long or short, people begin to reappear and shops reopen. Gradually traffic revives. By four o'clock, when the Palais de Justice has cast its cooling shadow over half the blazing Plaza, loungers begin to appear to occupy the numerous benches and blink idly at the guards about the gloomy Palais entrance. With each passing hour the city presents a livelier appearance until at SIX o'clock it is fully awake and ready for dinner, the principal meal of the day. In the evening is when the inhabitants of San Juan really live These are the pleasant hours of the day. From the sea comes a breeze, cool and fresh, to whisper ro the few shade trees in the pla;(as and revive enervated humanity. Twice a week one of the military bands plays in the principal plaza. Then it is worth while to go, hire a comfortable arm chair from a " muchacho " for ten cents in Porto Rican silver and sit and observe and listen. These military bands— several arc always stationed in San Juan— are S3lS of the OUR NEW TERRITORIES. ,3, bodies of hundreds of promcnaden^^ Z , ?! '"''°"'''°»'>y o«^yi^>g song of the day. ^ ' " "" ^"^^^^^ '^^°'" ^ topical On band nights San Juan may be seen at her best Th« . ^ • y wi luc ridza, ana Hundreds avail thpmspK//:>t; ^f fu , . • , airing. At eieht thev nn..^ ..r TTu '^"''"''^^''^^ ^^ ^^e opportunity for an offi ' ^ ^ '""'^ '^'-^"'^ to their barracks, leaving the Pl-izn tn fl, officers. The music racks are set at one end of the Plaza Ld the t stand during the two hours of the concert By the ^me th. T'^'T on the programme is reached the Plaza is thlVged'^htt:^^^^^^^ and fash on of the Pnrfn R,Vn« v . a wealth, beauty set, encircles hePlarwh^L^r''' . "" °' ^"^ "'"=" ''""'?»• "•''^'''y supported elecric arc feto All he h "" '"" 'owers. upon which are min.f ^ ^u • , , ^ ^'' ^'^^ houses surrounding the Plaza are ill,, eTct Vt'h^""'" '"'""■'^ """ =^^'"" "='"t-'"e'givinrrOre ,:; Many Women in the Throng. MadrM"fnd Pa"rr"HerI'"-Y:: ""' '" '""' """=" '" ""= '=•-« ''"l--n3 of relaxed and the '^"" ^.T'""' ^^'" rigorous Spanish etiquette is somewhat SoTe . ^^ '"""'^ '''"^"^'" ^"J"-' ^ ''^^^'■"S gl''"P-^'-' of social freedom ir: ;' it tth^^'bH-rh? ^'V^"''^ i''- ^'^^^- ^■■"^'-^ -'^i^ ^"- e,.^^n^ .- PO"ce m their bright uniforms, who seem to have no hn.in.s. ^h^re %7ZT "r"''"'' "" ''''^' ""^^ '^^•"^-^'^^^ «f ^'"-'li^n^ in their best dress Nowadays there ,s a sprinkling of American navy and army office,^ in q""; 630 OUR NEW TERRITORIES. uniforms, and a good deal of attention they attract. And so it goes, until the concert ends. The band, preceded by an escort of cavalry, marches away to a wonderfully quick quickstep, the lights fade and slowly the crowd disperses through the shadowy streets. Not all San Juan, however, is to be seen m the grand plaza. Only fash- ionable and official life centralizes there. In other sections of the city the evenings pass differently. Take a stroll from the brilliantly lighted plaza into the eastern part of town, near the barracks. There the whole lower strata will be found in the narrow, badly lighted streets, or in the Plaza Cristobal Colon and the smaller breathing places of the densely populated city. Here hand organs and dirty wandering minstrels, who perform semi-barbaric music upon cracked guitars and raspy mandolins, accompanied by the "guero"— a native instrument made of a gourd— furnish the music. Venders of " dulce " squat beside their trays of sweetmeat, dolorously cry- ing their wares. Non-commissioned officers and privates mingle with the people and chat with the women. Everybody smokes cigarettes, even children hardly able to toddle. The shops and meaner cafes are open and crowded Further on one can wander through streets more narrow and darker than alleys to where the massive gray battlements of the ancient city walls lift their sombre, jagged towers to greet the moon. Inquisitive sentinels, with rifles in hand, walk here to turn intruders back, but by exercising discretion glimpses may be obtained of tiny balconies ensconced in nooks and crannies high up in the wall and overlooking the sea and the twinkling city. Perh;ips a peep may be had into the odd habitation.s within, with dusky senoritas gazing out through a curtain of flowers and vines This is a different San Juan from that which promenades in the piaza, out not less interesting. Statistics of the Island of Porto Rico. Area (square miles) 3,668. Length (miles) io8. Width (miles) 37. ^Topography Mountains in center ; narrow level, level belt on coast Character of soil Extremely fertile. ^""'''^^ Hot, but not unhealthy. Northern low lands, superabundance of moisture ; south suffers from drought. Mean temperature 74 degrees. Rainy season June to December. P''"'^"*^^^ Sugar, molasses, coffee, tobacco, cotton, rice, yams, plan tains. Minerals Gold, copper, coal, salt— not developed. Industries , . , . Grazing, agricnllure. OUR NEW TERRITORIES ^^ Exports .... "- ,v- "fb-le ( S%r ' '°''''"' ('9^) ^'6-500,000. To Spain ^TS. ^l:-"SP-C95).Kooo.ooo. TeliaphMleV.". ! '. '. ' J^f'"" ^'^^^'^'^ ^"^'^ ^•««.°- tons entered ports. Railroads (miles) 137; ,70 projected. Revenue to Sp^in f,''' 1^'"^' ^''-<^-' ^^-y^^Sne... Mngu-^l,,. E^rencit^bTspa'in- ' ' ' .^n'9J^/,54,958 pesos ,fo.o46.:o6). Population. /.^P"'"-- • -(^94- 95), 3,905,667 pesos (^6:2.742). P:::::lS;:nJ.a.e.: : : ;g-r-"-.-^^a,ancone.roesandcreoIes. Prevaihng religion Roman Catholic. ^^"'^^I'"" Little cared for. Capital, population San Juan, 25,000. Largest city, population . . . Ponce, 35,000. ™ beasts unknown, infested with rats, centipedes, mosqui. Wa'T'"' High winds and heavy rains. n; r ' r' W ^^""^ ''"^''s and bridges. Distance from Washington . Five days. The Philippine Islands. and land Ws at Manila has e.pha.siz/d ^^^^r^^^^ ^J:^^- ^^ ::;nr=s;::r ""^" ^"^^^' " ^^^-^ " ^^^^ ^ndustnLirt .. ■/". 'f ^^- *^' P"""' °^ ^'"'■'^' ^^" ^^P''t^l ^f the island,s wa^ opened ^o S if : ow^ Tthe'r''^""' '1 '-''''' ^'" ^^"^ '- Philippine Isirdstr little known m the foreign markets and commercial centres of Europe So deeded was the spirit of exclusiveness and abhorrence of foreign ."tercourt a contract, for fieer commerce, emered into under tlie treaty of Utrecht Before 1834. a Mr. Butler applied for permission to reside in and open unl' trade between Manila and foreign ports, but the applica i n j's .'rr jeje ted, though subsequently the American firm ot Russell ^ S u ^111 ::s t^zr^:^ "■' ^r--^— ^' -^^ ^ similar apj 's^s ofthe pt ' •*";' ;''T. ''" "^'"^ fovdgncrs have settled m the open port. and other agencies necessary to facilitate and promote trade ..-e nov^ a n^r^ .' tOc Dur,iiiess machinery of the island.s. '' 632 OUR NKW TERRITORIES. During the reign of Isabella II. (i833-i86 ^^Q^ f' ■ " ^^ ^''' '"''"'''*' °^ shipments from the Philippines, those to the United States were 54 per cent, greater than to all other countries combined " He also gives details of the large shipments of sugar, tobacco, hides shelsindigo and coffee. In the item of sugar, which is%econd in Import-' ance the shipments to the United States were 55 per cent, of the total to all points. Under a proper government the vast resources of the Philippines could be developed, and these tropical islands would become of great vX and importance from a commercial point of view. What is needed is a stable and liberal government, a good system of education, and abundant capital for supporting industries. ^ Statistics of the Philippine Islands. Area (square miles) i'4,326. Topography 1,200 islands (Luzon largest). Character of soil Volcanic origin. Very fertile; vegetable growth of ten gigantic. ^'""''' November to March, fresh and cool; from April tojuly stifling Rainy season July to October. Mean temperature 72 degrees. "^^ "^ ^ "^'"P' ^"g«''> C'^'ffee, copra, tobacco, indigo, teak, ebony cedar, fruifs, ^;5i.es. Minerals ri^M r- =! .v- 1 r. Industrie., " A . , ' '"PP"'''' sulphur, vettnillion. industries Agriculture, mining, grazing. OUR NEW TERRITORIES. pf""^ ("96) |22,CX«,,000. J,'"l'"^.'« ('96) ^.2,OOO.CXX). .,!"'""'''; •,• ; ('95) 304 vrs.els cleared principal ports. leiegr.iph (miles) . . . .720. H"ri3. Railroads (miles; . .... aao. ^'-■•'f^' "■'■'* Manila, Cavito, Iloilo. Revenue to Spain (-95) 113,280,130 (estimated). Expenditure l.y Spain (-95, ^,5.280,130 (estimated). Population 7.67o,(joo. ^S^^..:: : :^^iS's;;,.r^='--— "-^ws. - Prevailing religion Roman Cath.^lir. ^''"'^■^"o'' Of no importance. Capital, population Manila, 300,000. Largest city, population . . Manila. Other cities, population . . . See seaports. Possession of Spain since . . i66o-Spa.,ish rule acknowledged 1820 l''''''^ : Very few, all small. '' f ^""'^'"^ M.'iyon, liuhayan (volcanoes). pt^«.; ::::;•■ ^^li'vIuii^'TT''"''^'^'^ W.,nt« ■ I "^"'Pt'u'is, typhoons, earthquales. The Hawaiian Islands. A study of this new territory reveals some interesting facts The island, were d.scovered tn 1730 by Captain Cook, an English navigator. l" om abstruse reason, probably because they were too far away to'be of at y ervL o any of her colonies. England never took possession of the isl nds I, fact, her course toward them has been one equivalent to the relinquishme of whatever rights she had to the islands. "quisnment Since the islands were discovered attempts have been made to establish a government on them, once by an English bod, of colonists, and on.e b! French colonists. Both, however, were abandoned in due course of tinte t"o '^ the English nor French Government thinking it wise or worth I e' Liiruiie. i^atf r on, the government became t rnr^„UM^ j -^ comes into the United States as such. ^ ^'"'' ^""^ '^ The Hawaiian Islands are 15 in number, are a little over 2 qoo miles frnn, San Francisco, and have a coast over 800 miles lone Altn^; ?u prise about 6,640 square miles The shortet if ^^^^^'^^^'' ^hey coni- isla«ds is five liles! while .Z oT he th ds e t"l T^" T °' ''' trie islands axe at least 25 miles apart. I OUR \|.:w TERRITORIES. other „,„*, 11,0 .apiul of .1,0 ,h„d T T" , ? «""""""'"'■ <". '» up to .ugar plan.a,i!,„s, i„ wh o , ,t, :r, ' "T' ™""'^ ^""' of ,ts peoplo are engaged. Only Fourteen , milies. grazin \nd horn to ooo U. Ac^r^u '"'^ '"''"^■'- ^^ is given entirely to There is a party of Gem, in colo. i'^ t^^^^i:, T"'""" °' '^•^^'^^' which is entirely given up to sugar phlnTatLs "^ '"^^ °"" ^'^^ •^'-^• ^a ^^::!:;::::;n;:^r^;;r^— t..ougHoutthewor.. is mo,o. leper settlement, and ovc'r oo i'the ' h' '\P°'^^''''^^-" «f ^-30;. It is a Ihe island came in ^o great 'fo^ortv "'f "'^ ^"-^ sufferers from leprosy, the celebrated Father'Sam in ^l 1' T'u T'" '^"^ ^'"""^"^ ^'^^ ^-th of dread diseas. „hi,e .ilteTng to h s!;!'^ r.n..n.,.r.,, contracted the who were aUiict d with it At the M. T Tm ''"'P°^='' "•""^•^-^ ^^ ^hose -les. and whif has a opufair'^r ::';:'"' ^°"^'- ^^° ^^-- fonsof CUIUS Spreckles.L Califo „ a sfgaT ^ n' '"L";--,-^"'' P''^"^^" contains .05 people, who maintain themsefves h ' '"^ °^ ^""^'' island is Hawaii, which consists of^ , ,'"''^'^^-' ^y grazing. Another large lation of 33.285. ^^'''^ '^^"^^^ '"i^^^- '' ' which has a popu- The chief product of the islands is suear Sna.r r the exports of the islands. In ,897 the fu.ar sent ^ ^^ ^^ '^"' "'^ amounted to the enormous total of 7n,nL^ "^ '^"^'^ ^^^ '^'^"^s .he fs,a„d. according .o ^c^ r/fiSTarnH^c^t. "'^ ''"'"""'°" °' The Island of Guam the cl^iiiTotr °k';;te";h:s " '° *%"°"- °^ "-^ «'•- »■< °f This group has fifteen In "LgT^rnl 't^ ^^''='"^' '''•^"*- 440 square miles and have about L^,t *' =re'-<^S'"= about w..h .00 square ™i,es „ T i hab^a^ r"' , "/ '"»''' '' ^''^^ the United States flag w,. I^Sed ove I k « "". "' "•""''"' """ United State, crui.^^ r-- - ^ T ^ °'^'"' ""'' "■"'"« f™"" 'he i.-a,.ojoi;Ad.ira7oe::;rs;iro:';:cL'''='^''"'^^^^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) // 1.0 1.1 |25 |22 2.0 iy^ iiiii u — 6" ii& 1.6 d I Phob^T^hic Sdaices Corporation 23 west MAIN STRiei WeBSTiR,N.Y. M5M (7I6)S72-4S03 s Treaty of Peace with Spain. HE Peace Commissioner, appointed by the United States and Span- ish Governments finally reached an agreement respecting the terms for establishing peace between the two Nations The Com ..hnr, ^'"''f ";" •"?' •" ^''''!' °" October 1st and at o.ce began their labo s. Reports from tunc to time indicated that serious disagreements had developed, and it was even rumored that it would be impossible to reach an agreement that would satisfy both parties. The result, however, proved the contrary. ' ^ The Spanish Commissioners were compelled to yield to the force of circumstances, to realize the hopelessness of further opposition and to accept the mevitable. In other words, the title of the United States to the posses- sion of a vast colonial territory was confirmed and ratified by the joint com- mission m Paris after negotiations continuing more than two months. What the Territory Includes. This territory includes Porto Rico, the island of Guam and the Philippine archipelago, considered in its broadest geographical sense - .hat is. conmris- mg the Sulu Islands At the same time the Spanish sovereignty over Cuba was also relinquished. The length of the proceedings alone would indicate that every conces- sion was wrested with difficulty from the Spanish delegates, while the con,- pleteness of their surrender proves the moral strength of the American position It seemed, at one time that the sittings might be dragged out indefinitely. The American Commissioners, however, gradually and skillfully bound down their adversaries to the real issue. At length it became manU fcst that the moment had arrived when Spain must decide between acceptinr^ the essential conditions of the United States or the resumption of hostilities: Ihe American Commissioners presented a long, detailed reply to all the Spanish objections. The arguments advanced were shown to be inadmis- sible The different points of law raised by Spain were discussed and dis- posed of. and the Americans finally pointed out that as the negotiations had lasted nearly two months. ,t was impossible to prolong the unreasonably TREATY OF PEACE WITH SPAIN. e41 S wS" '''' '' '"' """^"^ "'^'^ J^°P^^^'- ^'^^ P^-e of the They therefore, in diplomatic but unmistakable language, gave Spain the choice between an acceptance of their terms and a frefh appedto arms Demands Made on Spain. These terms were, first, the relinquishment of Spanish sovereignty in Cuba: second, the complete and unconditional cession to the United sTates o Porto R,co, the Island of Guam, and the Philippines, between la Ide c degree, and 20 degrees north, and longitude ,,5 degrees and ,30 degrees The ceding to us of the Philippines cannot have been an after-thought upon the part of the Commissioners, for a careful collation of infolatbn from various sources proves that from the rery beginning they included the Sulu archipelago m the Philippine group, to which it belongs, both geo! graphically and poht.cally, as it has always been governed from Manilf-a tr„t;Te^rs\Xe:" '' ''' ^^^^°" °^ ""--y-' ^-^^ «"-^" — Unite?qr.**'V'°"'''"°" '^"^ '^"" preliminaries should be accepted the Umted states Commissioners expressed their willingness to discuss amicably he settlement of the various questions which the change of regim- made It desirable to have regulated. ' rcgim. made TT 1 ^?r^ *^''' ""'? *^' P"'""''^'^ °^ *" '^^""^ •■" ^^^ Caroline., preferably Ualan, the most easterly of the group, for a cable station, the rel.aU of pom.^ cal prisoners and the establishment of religious freedom in the Caroline Honolulu and Guam, is made clear by a glance at the map With reference to the second point, the release of political prisoners the United states could not humanely take any other attitude than one of com miseration and interest in those who have fallen into disgrace while struT glmg to throw off the rule of Spain in either Cuba. Porto Rico or the ptihp: pines. The Commissioners, therefore, deserve the hearty approbation of all for having included this matter among those it is desirable to have arranged in the peace treaty. an-iigca The establishment of genuine religious freedom in the Carolines is also a question intimately concerning th. United States. These islands h^ve offered a wide and fertile field for missionaiy work. The ma ority of h" natives are Christians, and their conversion is in a preponderatng measure the work of the A^.eri..,n missionaries. Therefore, in endeavoring tHeue a real, as op^sed to a theoretical religious freedom, the United sLes Com! 642 TREATY OF PEACE WITH SPAIN. missioners were only assuring to their countrymen peaceful enjoyment of the fruits of their labors in the cause of Christianity. The Commissioners further went on to discuss the treatment to be accorded to Spanish importations to the Philippines. After assuring the Spaniards that the policy of the United States was an "open door" in these islands they offered to guarantee, during a certain period, identically the same commercial privileges to Spain as would be accorded to America, and mdeed, to Europe. This agreement would still be binding upon the United States, even though their policy in this respect might otherwise undergo modification. ^ It appears that this term of years is sufficiently long to be worth Spain's consideration, while not so extended as to unduly bind the United States The Commissioners, in fact, were actuated, on the one hand, l;y a desire not to pledge the government here to a definite policy for too lengthy a period and, on the other hand, to avoid the accusation of trifling with their adversaries by making a derisive offer of commercial advantage. Willing to Agree to the Terms. This, in substance, was the ultimatum given to the Spanish Commissioners and subsequently Spain replied to it. While refusing to adr ; the arguments of the United States, and at the same time disputing the justice of their con- clusions the Spanish delegation yielded to the force of circumstances, and accepted the inevitable, avowing their willingness to agree to these terms. There was a mutual agreement concerning the indemnity of «20,ooo ooo offered by the United States, this being accepted by Spain, as part and parcel of the agreement. The document presenting this acceptance of our terms by the Spanish Commission contained only 300 words. It opened with a reference to the final terms of the United States, and said that the Spanish Comnissioners after having taken cognizance of the terms profiosed by the Americans, replied that their government had tried to give as equitable an answer as possible but that they were not prepared to commit their government to the acceptance' ^of the principles embodied in the American argument. Spain rejected these ^principles, the note continued, "as she always has rejected them." Basing her attitude on the justice of her cause, the note then said, she stil adhered to those principles "which she has heretofore invariably for- mulated." ' However, the note added, in her desire for peace she had gone so far as to propose certain compromises, which the Americans had alw.nys rejected She had also attempted, it was further asserted, to have submitted to arbitral TREATY OF PEACK WITH SPAIN. ,i43 tion some of the mater-al points upon which the two governments differed TJ,ese^propo.a.s f.r arbitration, it was added, the AnLcans Td equally These allega'uons in Spain's reply as to attempted arbitration referred to her proposal to arbitrate the construction of the third article of the p otocof attrtfor "xhT'l '': ^P-*^^-'-^-' ^^^^ of ^"ba and the Phinp'pTnrs ^ Sub eorn; / > Propos.t.on was made in a written communication. Subsequent to ,ts presentation, and in return for such arbitration Spain had fffe!ed [fll" TT""" '°""""'' '^ '^'^'^""^ '^^' '^' United States had offered as a k.ad of compensation to Spain, something very inadequate o the sacnfices the latter country makes at this moment. aTd he feels IquiUbir ' *'' """'^^ '^^^"' P^°P°^»'^ ^^"-^ '^ --^^-cl jtt and Spain had however, exhausted all the resources of diplomacy in an and seein^thatTh: ' ""^^^^'y/^^'^'- *« « continuance of negotiations, and seemg that the resources of Spain vere not such as to enable her to re enter upon war. she was prepared, in her desire to avoid bloodshed and from cons,derat.ons of humanity and patriotism, to submit to the condition Tf th>rm"err„"' "'"• ^'^^ ^^ ^'^-f' ^ -ady to accept the proposa s o tne- American commission, as presented at the last sitting. End of a Long Controversy. The reading and the translation of the document occupied less than five minutes. At the conclusion of the translation the commissioners em M::::oTZZ'''''T'' ^'"'^ ^^^-"^^ commission, and SecL^y .mho? ?I **'«/'".^"^«" Commission, to draw up articles which were to aTd'^Jhe' ^hHippi:^^^^^^^ '' '-'' '' ^^^••" -' *^« -•- ^^ ^-o Ri.o f • '^J%*=°'"'"'"'0"e" l«^ft the Foreign Office immediately after the secre- taries had been directed to prepare the articles of the peace treaty There was scarcely any conversation between the American and Spanish commis! sioners after the adjournment. ^ commis- Among the Americans only the most grave consideration for their Span- arriveTaMhe ""^Pr^"!- /'^^ Spaniards seemed to be relieved at havmg arrived at the conclusion of a long controversy. ^ Having embodied in the treaty articles all the protocol questions the two commissions entered upon friendly negotiations regarding thr mluers 644 TREATY OF PEACE WITH SPAIN. suggested in the American ultimatum, matters subsidiary and incidental to the principal provisions, which must form part of the peace treaty as imally signed. Thus Spain honorably accepted the situation, and while entering a pro test against the demands of the United States, yielded to superior force and entered into a treaty upon the conditions imposed. Beyond the general re- joicing that the war was thus definitely and successfully ended, there was no disposition among Americans to exult over the fallen foe. The very com- pleteness of Spain's defeat and her acknowledged helplessness appealed, if not to sympathy, at least to consideration, and strengthened the conviction every- where of the inevitableness of the result. The time had come, in the course of history, when Spain's government of her colonies had failed and they must of necessity pass under more enlightened control, for the sake of the people themselves and of the wide mterests of humanity. Circumstances threw this necessary task upon the United States, and our ground for rejoicing is that we were equal to the opportunity. We can see now that to Spain's weakness as well as to our strength was due the quickness and completeness of her overthrow in both her Western and her Eastern possessions, and that these have passed into our hands because she was no longer fit to hold them and because in the natural evolution of events their control has devolved upon ourselves. The Residt Oould Not Be Otherwise. Thus the agreement at Paris is not merely the acquiescence of a defeated nation in the demands of its conquerors, but rather the recognition, upon both sides, of an historical event of vast importance which neitl er side nor both together could successfully avert and which their disagreement could no more than delay. Spain's great part in the development of a new world has long been played and the power she was unable to hold has passed from her finally. That Spain may eventually be the stronger by the concentration of her energies at home is quite conceivable. Whether this country shall become stronger by the wide extension of its energies in new fields must depend entirely upon the use we make of the opportunities and duties which have come to us in the history of the world. Upon the assembling of Congress at Washington on the sth of Decem- ber measures were taken for ascertaining the .sentimc.its of the Senators con- cerning the terms of the treaty, and it was discovered that without doubt the work of our Peace Commissioners at Paris would be endorsed and the treaty would be ratified by the Senate. It was thought by the majority of the Senators that our demands on :idental to r as hiially •ing a pro- force ami jeneral re- e was no very com- iled, if not ion every- •vernment der more the wide upon the al to the IS to our V in both Lssed into se in the defeated on, upon side nor nt could :w world sed from sntration try shall ds must 28 which Decern - ors con- oubt the le treaty uids on TREATY OF PEACE WITH SPAIN. 64S Spain were qnite reasonable under the circumstances. There were others triheP r°'"1rr^" pubhc sentiment by affirming that wT ci;!?^::; want the Phd ppme Islands at any price and would be better off without them. MuchofTeH ■'""' Commission at Paris continued its deliberations. Much of the d.scuss.on concerned details as to the guaranteemg of the rights getic, and the Spaniards often appeared to be dejected. The Spanish Commissioners received authority to bind their government on certam matters, but there were important questions on which their instruc- K>ns were unsatisfactory, and it was thought that many of the details involved eVfor tr' °f^°^"''^"'^.'" the Spanish possessions would have to be eft or settlement by the regular diplomatic processes when relations between the two governments are resumed. The history of the document which will certify the downfall of the oldest colonial power m the world and the advent of the newest was epitomized by Judge Day in a single sentence : "A peace treaty can contain anything which the victors put into it." *• What the Spanish Commissioners Wanted. The Americans listened with their accustomed patience to the technical- .t.es employed by the Spaniards with their customary shrewdness and pt- s.s.ency against every proposal making for the dismemberment of their empire ' The burden of the Spanish arguments was that matters outside the bare cession and evacuation of the conquered territories, which the Americans proposed to cover by the treaty, were beyond the legitimate and customary scope of a peace treaty. Behind this bulwark Senor Montero Rios. president of the Spanish Commission, fortified himself, bombarding his opponents with a supp y of arguments and precedents which inspired the feebly expressed admiration of the Americans. Finally Judge Day summarized the American position in the foregoing memorable utterance. It was given and taken in good spirit, and from that moment the proceedings were entirely friendly. the bargain for a coaling station in the Carolines was not cemented, and was thought likely to fail. The temper of the Americans in this matter was • We have made you a good ofTer for an island. You may take or leave it. Ihe Spaniards seemed disposed to leave it, The Americans did not regard it as a prize which they could demand hs one of the natural fruits of the war, while the whole policy of the Span" was to confine the nego- tiations as narrowly as possible to the letter of th. .tocol signed in Wash- jngton and to exchHe all extraneous matters. The result of this policy may be the leaving of many details involved in the change of sovereignty over 646 TKliArY OF PEACE WITH SPAIN. the various possessions to settlement by the regular diplomatic processes when normal relations between the two governments have been resumed. TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND SPAIN. The Treaty of Peace between the United States and Spain was at firs' comprised m eight articles containing the essential features of the agreement These were afterwards subdivided into seventeen articles as follows • The United States of America and her Majesty the Queen Regent of Spam, in the name of her august son, Don Alfonso XIII.. desiring to end the statT of war now existing between the two countries, have for that purDose appointed as Plenipotentiaries : *- r ^ .,, n-^*'*' P'-e«'dent of the United States, William R. Day, Cushman K. Davis William P. Frye. George Gray and Whitelaw Reid. citizens of the United States ; and her Majesty the Queen Regent of Spain, Don Eugenio Montero R.08 President of the Senate; Don Buenaventura de Abarzuza, Senator of he Kingdom and ex-Minister of the Crown; Don Jose de Garnica, Deputy to the Cortes and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; Don Wenceslao Ramirez de Villa-Urrutia. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Brussels, and Don Rafael Cerero, General Division. Who, having assembled in Paris, and having exchanged their full powers which were found to be in due and proper form, have, after discussion of the matters before them, agreed upon the following articles : Article I. Spain relinquishes all claim of sovereignty over and title to Cuba. .u r^"^ f o*^*" "'^"'^ '^' "P°" '^^ evacuation by Spain, to be occupied by he United States, the United States will, so long as such occupation shall last assume and discharge the obligations that may under international law result from the fact of its occupation, for the protection of life and property Article II. Spain cedes to the United States the island of Porto Rico and other islands now under Spanish sovereignty in the West Indies and the island of Guam in the Marianas or Ladrones. .u^pr?''^ "^"x ^P^'" ''^'^^' *° ^^^ ^"'^^^ S'**« tJ^*^ archipelago known as the Philippine Islands, and comprehending the islands lying within the fol- lowing line : A line running from west to east along or near the" twentieth parallel of north latitude, and through the middle of the navigable channel of Bachi from the one hundred and eighteenth (i i8th) to the one hundred and twenty- ■ieventh (127th) degree meridian of longitude east of Greenwich, thence along • processes lumed. IITED 'as at firs- 'greemcnt. Regent of to end the it purpose K. Davis, lie United > Montero ienator of a. Deputy Venceslao MJtentiary II powers, on of the id title to upied by ion shall onal law operty, Tto Rico '< and the known 1 the fol- irallel of f Bachi, twenty- :e along TREATY OF PEACE WITH SPAIN. 647 the one hundred and twenty-seventh ri^-rtl.N a • .. - .ast of Greenwich to the [^Xl of our i ' "' "",'1"" "^ '""Bi""'' (4« 45') n„r,l. latitude, the^cfaron ' the -rluc ofTu "h ''""?, '"'"""" minute, (4° 45') north latitude toVtu^^l°'Z\t''''^'"'' 'Tr'"" .ude one hundred and nineteen dcgrerr h^- e' rit""'."",?; east of Greenwich, thence alone the meridian „f 1„„„ . j """"'" I "9 35 ) nineteen degree, and thirtyiiv! mt uTeT( t^L Z ' ''r r"' ^""l!"' """ parallel of latitude seven degrees and for y mtoite ,° .0^""^. ' 1.° '"" along the parallel of latitude'seven degree^alfort; inl^re (X o'^n^h to ,ts mte-sect,on with the one hundred and sixteenth (T.fi^M 1 ' Jian of longitude east of Greenwich, thence b J a d " « i'nt 'o thf ", "'"'" t,on of the tenth (toth) degree parallel of north Wtdelih.h: on\ ZT^ and cghteenth , .gth) degree meridian of longitude eal of Greenlh a'd thence along the one hundred and eiehteenlh l,.x,k\ T "^'"""".'="' ""O longitude cast of Greenwich to the point'of beginiiig °' The United States will pay to Spain the sum of twenty million doTI„. c.te ^s:^L j^r:^^::^:nr ^^ ^r 'K ships and merchandise to the ports of the Ph.^:;;^: S^ t^ the's:^ terms as ships and merchandise of the United States Article V The United States will, upon the signature of the present treaty, send back to Spain, at its own cost, the Spanish soldiers take pnsoners of war on the capture of Manila by the American forces. The arn- of the soldiers in question shall be restored to them Spain will, upon the exchange of the ratifications of the present treatv proceed to evacuate the Philippines, as well as the island of Guidon terms' sunilar to those agreed upon by the Commissioners appointed to a range fo the evacua ion of Porto Rico and other islands i. the West Indies undfr the rrcr;iiti^:u;:d^^^ ^'''' ' ^° -^'-- ^" ^-- ^'^ ^- p-^^- The tirne within which the evacuation of the Philippine Islands and G am shall be completed shall be fixed by the two Governments. Stands of colors, uncaptured war vessels, small arms, guns of all calibres, with the^ arnages and accessories, powder, ammunition, live stock, and materials and supplies of all kinds, belonging to the land and naval forces of Spain in the Philippines and Guam remain the property of Spain. Pieces^f heavy ouinancc, exclusive of field artillery, in the fortifications and coast defences shall remain m their emplacements for the term of six months, to be reckoned 648 TREATY OF PEACK WITH SPAIN. from the exchange of ratifications of the treaty ; and the U.,ited States may m the „ eanfme, purchase such material from Spain, if a satisfactory ag^ee ment between the two Governments on the subject shall be reached ARTICLE VI. Spain will, upon the signature of the present treaty release an prisoners of war, and all persons detained or in.prisoned for po iti" oflences. m connection with the insurrections in Cuba and the PhiZn^s and the war with the United States. i^'I'PP'nos war by the American forces, and will undertake to obtain the release of aP Span.h prisoners m the hands of the insurgents in Cuba and the Ph 'ppl: ' and J^^^^°"^''"'"'="^ f^the United States will at its own cost return to Ip n and the Government of Spain will at its own cost return to the United StT' Cuba. Porto Rico, and the Philippines, according to the s u^t ^^^^^^^^^^^^ respective homes, prisoners released or caused to be released by then respectively, under this article. rcicasea by them, clai J!7'"/"-- '^^" .^"''^^ ^''''' ^"'^ Spain mutually relinquish all e n^nt L' ofT'^r '".' individual, of every kind' of either Go . ernment,or of its citizens or subjects, against the other Government thit ny have arisen since the beginning of the late insurrectionTcuba a d prior to the exchange of ratifications of the present treaty, include aU claims for indemnity for the cost of the war. 'nciudn.g all The United States will adjudicate and settu' th. Jaims of its citizens against Spam relinquished in this article. citizens Article VIII. In conformity with the provis.ons of Articles I II and I of this treaty Spain relinquishes in Cuba, and cedes in Po o Rico nd other islands in the West Indies, in the island of Guam and in the Phil Archipelago all the buildings, wharves, barracks f:;t.st;uL3X' highwaysand other immovable property which, in conformity wi Maw. bdot to the public domain, and as such belong to the Crown of Spain ^ m.v y ;' " ^ereby declared that the relinquishment or cession, as the case may be to which the preceding paragraph refers, cannot in any espcc of property of all kinds, of provinces, municipalities, public or private estab ishments ecclesiastical or civic bodies, or any other ^LciationsTlgWal capacity to acquire and possess property in the aforesaid territories renounced oi^ceded, or of private individuals, of whatsoever nationality su^h iZilals The aforesaid relinquishment or cession, as the case maybe includes all documents exclusively referring to the sovereignty relinquished "11; that may exist in the archives of the Peninsula. Where any document in TREATY OK PEACE WITH Sl'AIN. 0^n -P«c. of .he „,^cia. archive' Id l'r"e«c„.tVr''°n''' ^■'"" '" •l.e Wand, above referred to which relate IT ^ 7 " *"=" "" '"■'•"^'' '" property of their inhabitant, t ch a^h v ' 1 "''"'' "' "" "^hN and preserved, and private perL, h.ri t 1" ""'* '*"" l-" "refully require, i^ accordance wfthTw 11^\ """""''''" "'"^ ""= "•.">, to and other i„«ru„ent, formtag "« "? llr"'" ","" ™"-"-'. »"» ■nay be contained in the execuUvfor ij^ T"'"'"'" " "'"■ " »hi'h or in the island, afore^id "''"''"="' ='="'""■ I- ">= 'atter in Spain .erri.orXwwchi^;v.ht^;:::,:t:t;:r' '-t""' '-•'-<' ■" -^ eignty, n,ay ren,ain in' »uch^errrrro ' ^tl"''.!? T"'' "" «— either event all their riffht, of r, . ■ "y"^'"°^' '"crefrom, reta nine in such property or o . p'oceedrS'" i;',',"^, '"V'^"' '° »"' " "'^P"- "f .heir i„du4 co^iner^aTd ;;ofei t7ber L'^bier-'^ "'''" '° ""^ °" such law, a, are applicable to'^^ther for eign T,^ ,n^"' '"tr*"" "'""''"' s:Tctr7re'::rw-ttrX"n"" ^'^= "-^^^^^^^ fications of thi, tre'^^a ^I^lLToVZ; 1117^'^ "^''^"^^- f ™'^ g.ance; in default of which declaration the7,hll be heldrr''''' ""''' '"" It and to have adopted the national if„„f.r. • '° *""" bounced The civil right, and pol t c"? a.ul f' "'""^ '" "'"''■ "■^>' "">■ ''"■^'- by...^rtyced'=,o?^2rutht;ttfe:^^^^^^^^^^^^^ re^::^;;:r-;trorZr-°^'"^^^ ..ave the rig^t to ap^erb^S rrtfart^puteTe'r'' "-'""" chzens of the country to which the courts belong ' ""' """= "' Of ra.iS^;;,^i';hi,^"tr::; fnT?S"''T 'h'f"' "^ "-".change or cedes hersovereignty Shall bede.erl':7a::d^^t\^^^,o:S^^ 660 TRKATY OF PEACH WITH SPAIN. I. Judgments rendered either in civil suits between private individu ils or in criminal matters, before the daic mentioned and with resj^ct to which there IS no recourse or right of review under the Spanish law, shall be dccmc.l to U final, and shall be executed in due form by competent authority in the territory within which such judgments should be carried out 2. Civil suits between private individuals which may on the date men tioned be undetermined shall be prosecuted to judgment before the court in tlierefor ^^ """^ '''*'" ^ ^"''^'"^' °' '" ^^"^ '''''"^ ^^''^ "'^^^ ^"^ substituted 3. Criminal actions pending on the date mentioned before the Supreme Court of Spam against citizens of the territory, which by this treaty ceases t., be Spanish shall continue under its jurisdiction until final judgment; but such /udgment having been rendered, the execution thereof shall be committed to the competent authority of the place in which the case arose. Article XIII. The rights of property secured by copynVhts and patents acquired by Spaniards in the Island de Cuba, and in Porto Rico the Philippmes and other ceded territories, at the tinie of the exchange of' the ratification of this treaty, shall continue to be respected. Spanish scientific hterary and artistic works, not subversive of public order in the territories in question, shall continue to be admitted free of duty into such territories for the period of ten years, to be reckoned from the date of the exchange of the ratification of this treaty. *• Art/cle XIV. Spain shall have the power to establish consular offices .n the ports and places of the territories, the sovereignty over which has been either relinquished or ceded by the present treaty. Article XV. The Government of each country will, for the term of ten years, accord to the merchant vessels of the other country the same treat- ment m respect of all port charges, including entrance and clearance dues light dues and tonnage duties, as it accords to its own merchant vessels not' engaged in the coastwise trade. This article may at any time be terminated on six months' notice given by either Government to the other. Article XVI. It is understood that any obligations assumed in this treaty by the United States with respect to Cuba are limited to the time of Its occupancy thereof; but it will, upon the termination of such occupancv- advise any Government established in the island to assume the same oblia. ' tions. " th. uTa^'I !^^ u ■ "^i!* '"■"''"* ^'""^^y *^^" ^^ •'^*'fi«d by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof and by Her Majestj^ the Queen Regent of Spain ; and the ratification shal' ndividuals, t to which be deemed rity in the date mcn- le court ill ubstituted '■ Supreme 'Ceases t.> but, sucli imittcd to phts and Kico, the ge of the scientific, :erritorie.s ;erritories :hange of ar offices has been 2 term of nie treat- ice dues, isels, not ce given i in this time of :upancy, ; obh'ga- lident of thereof, on shal' OF PKACK WITH SPAIN. 661 EUGENIO MONTERO RIOS. B. DE ABARAZUZA. J. DE QARNICA. W. R. DE VILLI-URRUTIA. RAFAEL CERERO. The treaty of peace was signed af s ^ ,r »i- loth, ,898. The treaty consisted of sev f °" ^^ '"'"'"^ °^ ^^"'"ber advisable to subdivide two or thio^T'^" '"'''' '' ^"'"^ '"" '°""^ the last meeting. "' ""^ "'" ^'■''"'« '" ^^e draft agreed upon at pared by Secreta^ Moore in .eh^If^r the U:^ Stal^r^Ii::::: ^ 662 TREATY OF PEACF WITH SPAIN. Senor Villaurutia for Spain, on account of the illness of Secretary Ojeda, of the Spanish con. mission. Each copy contained the English and Spanish texts of the treaty in parallel column? The wording had been approved previously by the com- missioners without a joint meeting, so there was no controversy on the subject. There was a great contest among the families and friends of the Ameri- can Commissioners for the pens with which the signatures of the treaty were written. Some of the Americans were provided with handsome pens pur- chased for the purpose. The Spaniards appeared to be unaffected by the souvenir craze, and contented themselves with the ordinary quill pens. Arthur Ferguson, the interpreter of the American Commission, requested Senor Eugenio Montero Rios to give him his pen, saying: "Have you any desire to preserve the pen with which you will sign? " " Not the slightest," said the Spaniard, with a courtly bow. The signing of the treaty would have afforded a subject for a great his- torical painting. The group gathered about the table in the stately chamber of the French Foreign Office was impressive, while the fact that the sense of the importance of the issues which the act consummated was deeply felt by all the participants, gave an impressive and solemn tone to the scene. Details of Signing the Treaty Around the great mahogany table sat the tei. arbiters of the destinies of an old and young nation. Ranged standing behind them were numerous attaches of the American commission. The jets from the crystal chandeliers above the heads of those present magnified the green and scarlet upholstering, giving the whole room a brilliant appearance. There was a theatrical contrast between the black-clothed actors and the scenery. To the Americans it was a happy ending of the drama of war; for the Spaniards it was plainly a bitter tragedy, none the less painful because long foreseen. They sat silently, as though almost crushed, and none could withhold sympathy from Senor Eugenio Montero Rios, the President of the Spanish Commission, who, coming from his bed, was bundled in a great over, coat, though logs were burning in the fireplace near by. The spirits of the two bodies were symbolized by the clothes worn by the members of the commission, for the Americans were attired in evening dress for the dinner given to them immediately after the meeting by the Due de Loubat, and the Spaniards wore black frock coats. When the seals were prepared to be affixed, attendants were sent to procure ribbons of the French tri-color with which the documents were sealed, as a compliment to the French hosts of the commissions. TREATY OF PEACE WITH SPAIN. 653 The seal being impressed, the commissioners rose, and without formality each member shook the hands of all his antagonists and exchanged assur- ances of sincere personal esteem. The signing was finished at 8.54. At that time the door of the chamber opened, and W. R. De Villi-Urrutia appeared and exclaimed to a group of correspondents who were waiting in the corridor, " C'est fini." [It is fin-# ished.] The other members of the Spanish commission followed W. R. De Villi-Urrutia and hurried silently through the vestibule to their waiting car- riages. The American commissioners strolled out chatting complacently, and as they descended the steps the lights in the chamber were darkened. Renewal of Oommercial Relations. Further details were soon learned as to thr ording of the treaty. The Americans are to pay for the repatriation of the Spanish troops from all the colonies. The Spaniards are to return all prisoners held by them. They are to retain possession of all military stores and munitions of war in the Philip- pines, and of such ships as have not been captured. The commercial treaties between the two nations which the war ruptured are to be renewed at the convenience of the two nations. The United States Peace Commissioners appreciated the respite from the long strain of daily conferences and almost daily sessions with the Spaniards, the intensity of which they hardly realized until it was over. Warm personal friendships and mutual regard had arisen between the two commissions as the result of their extended controversy at close quarters, and several members of both commissions exchanged calls. The American Commissioners unofficially informed the Spaniards that they would be glad to have the two commissions dine together. The reply was that the Spaniards would be most pleased, but feared it would be inadvi- sable, because it might be misconstrued at Madrid, where already much feel- ing existed against the Spanish Commissioners. Americans in Paris congra- tulated our Commissioners upon the successful termination of their labors. They had taken a deep interest in the proceedings, feeling confident that the result would reflect honor upon our country. Considering the importance of the interests at stake and the great variety of details connected with a treaty of peace, the work of the Joint Commission was performed in a very brief space of time. This was owing to the urgency of the American Commissioners, who understood well what demands they were to make upon Spain, and who did not hesitate to present promptly their ultimatum upon every disputed point. They strenuously and persistently avoided all attempts at delay. Attack on Manila by the Insurgents. HE insurgent army of Aguinaldo, which had resolutely maintained Its position near Manila after the town was surrendered by the Spaniards to the American soldiers and sailors, made a fierce attack on the American lines in the evening of February 4 i8qq General Otis, who succeeded General Merritt in command of our infantry at Manila, sent the following official despatch : " Manila, February c i8qq " To Adjutant General Coitin, Washington : ' " Insurgents in large force opened attack on our outer lines at a quarter tonme last evening; renewed attack several times during night- at four o'clock this morning entire line engaged ; all attacks repulsed; at daybreak advanced against insurgents and have driven them beyond the lines they formerly occupied, capturing several villages and their defence works- insur gents' loss in dead and wounded very large; our own casualties compara- tively few. Troops enthusiastic and acting fearlessly. Navy did splen- did execution on flanks of enemy; insurgents secured a good many Mausei rifles, a few field pieces and quick-firing guns, with ammunition. " Otis." This message was received from Rear-Admiral Dewey: „^ , ^ " Manila, February 5, 189a To the Secretary of the Navy, Washington : "Insurgents here inaugurated general engagement yesterday nieht which was continued to-day. The American army and navy are generally successful. Insurgents have been driven back and our line advanced No casualties to navy. » Dii vey."" This cablegram from Ger >ral Otis was received at the War Department: " Adjutant General Corbin. Washington : " ^^''''^' ^"'^'""'^ ^' '^^ _ " Have established our permanent lines well out and have driven off the insurgents. The troops have conducted themselves with great heroism. ATTACK ON MANILA BY THE INSURGENTS. 655 The country about Manila is peaceful and the r,>„ „ r .. casualties not as great as at first suppld "^ '"'"''^ ^"!^- ^ist of Defeated in a desperate effort to break thrnnrri, fU a • enter the city of Manih, the insurg™. W £ foLf ""'"" """ =■"" of fifty were wounded. The lossfQ nf fi,« • °- Upward can troops having eoneTnto Z '"^"••gents were heavy, the Ameri- detern^inLon. T^rrad test eets^oTt^^^ "•'' ^"^' ^"^^"^"^^ -^ they were not.ed ofVttl^: r^e" tde^d^adTr " ''^ ^'- from both of those pTaces. °''"' '"'^ ''"^'"^ '^'"^ '"^^"d How the Fight Began. This engagement was brought about bv the actinn ,^f fi, who advancing close to the American lines near SntaM'^^^^^^^ go through. They retreated upon being challenged bufretlned ' '" short time. Once more they retreated When !k ^^^'" '" ^ and attempted to make th^Lv n.^ .k ^^ '■^*"''"'^ ^ '^'^'^ t'-^e corporal challengerth ^^Td ThXed^^S^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^. ""^''^^'^ *-°P« ^ another wounded. "^ ^'^ *^^ "^*'^^« ^^^ billed and This affair was followed at nine o'clock by a general attack nn .u Amencan outposts. The insurgents advanced all Xg the iL V Caloocan to Santa Mesa Hnr fr^^.,„ i ^ . -^'ong tne ime from Members of .he North Dako"a NebrLl 'VT '" ""'""^ '" *= =""* the insurgent fire w^ereal lor »1h ="" Montana regiments returned chec. „„l, .he mainl^of rAme^r^pt Lt'd^'IM!:^.-"™^ ■" about't:.*jjsr;::;- fr'n *a:<,ta;":hnr ™^^='' *™-'- abou, Gagala„,i„. Our ,„o^ directed .he.vTv I ""''""^"^ f°™ 6 einng work was done p^ the same time against the insur- es6 ATTACK ON MANILA BY THE INSURGENTS. gents about Gagalangin. and when the fighting ceased our troops were in possession of Santa Anna, in which village the natives had congregated for weeks prior to the fight. ^ While the American troops were doing such effective work in repelling the attack, news of the fight was received on board the vessels of the American squadron, and the monitor Monadnock, which was lying off Malate joined with the gunboat Concord and the cruiser Charleston, lying oft Malabon, in firing on the insurgents. Piertj Fighting in the Darkness. The following graphic account of the engagement by a correspondent at Manila furnishes further details of the battle: "The long expected conflict between the Americans and Filipinos has come at last. The clash came at fifteen minutes before nine o'clock Saturday evening, when three daring Filipinos darted past the Nebraska regiment's pickets at Santa Mesa, but retired when challenged. They repeated the experiment without drawing the sentries' fire. But the third time Corporal Greely challenged the Filipinos and then fired, killing one of them and wounding another. c /''^l"'°'l ''"'"ediately afterward the Filipinos' line, from Caloocan to Santa Mesa began a fusillade, which was ineffectual. The outposts of the Nebraska, Montana and North Dakota troops replied vigorously and held their ground until reinforcements a. rived. " The Filipinos in the meantime concentrated at three points— Caloocan Gagalangin and Santa Mesa. At about one o'clock the Filipinos opened a' hot fire from nil three places simultaneously. This was supplemented by the firing of two siege guns at Balik-Balik and by advancing their skirmishers at Paco and Pandacan. The Americans responded with a terrific fire, but owinjr to the darkness they were unable to determine its effect, and the Utah light artillery finally succeeded in silencing the native battery. The Third artillery an ho^r. ^°°'' """""^ °" *^' "'"''''"^ ^'^^ "^^^ engagement lasted more than .• '7i\Yfu^ ^*^*" "'''''^' Charleston and the gunboat Concord, sta- tioned off Malabon, opened fire from their secondary batteries on the Fili- pinos position at Caloocan and kept it up vigorously. There was another fusillade along the entire line at a quarter to three o'clock, Sunday morning and the United States seagoing monitor Monadnock opened fire on the enemy from off Malate. " With daylight the Americans advanced. The Californian and Wash- ington regiments made a splendid charge and drove the Filipinos from the ATTACK ON MANILA BY THE INSURGENTS. 66? tself capturing several prisoners and one howitzer and a very strone oosi t,on at the reservoir, which is connected with the water works Turned the Eight Plank of the Insurgents. to re«r?L''caTo''o'can"'' Th"" "'""'"'' "'"''^""' *= "^J-'^ "Sl" "ank manTl^o rs Throsse?:7trKT"'''''"' """^ ^' ™"°- P™"'^ "" losses are compact vriilTl^vT T'.T ""^''^ ™' ^"■"'■'^" n..^ J f"«iciuvLiy jignt ine Ygorates tribe, armed with bows and arrows, „,ade a very determined stand in the face of a ho, art leryTre and yesteraay evening to assassinate American officers " by.herrt'„';X''T:ffiiit:ic'A""°''''"'^'°'^^''"''* o tt'^pfsitHver Th A "^ '"'"""' ''"'P'"° ''""^ "" «■=""«' -* thatfL ?r The Amencan outposts returned the fire with such vieor that the Fd,p,„os were checked until the arrival of reinforcements. ^ MnXttZTS^-,"!"''^"""' '"'"'"' "'"="'' 'h^ K«P."os ceased hll^K ' "'"''' """■ ■>"■" '•'^'•"fo'-cements came up At lo o'clock Artilf'''"L"Kan7:r"'H'M ^'""'■^"" """« «-• -»-«"g °f .he TO d Zlthnu, T? ""'' '"""'""^ regiments, the Minnesota regiment the Satfiattertth ,H .°"t ?^™^""' '"^ '■-"'y'vanians, Nebik ^ ', tj al f NorLtt, V ."■. ^'.'"'"g"'-'*- Californians, the Fourth tav- The Fitoto r''':.^'f'''^'''''='y''"'' «>= Fo"rteenth Infantr,. MesajLdGaCatan d '''' '""""'^'^ '' three points, Caloocan, Santa TW b^i^h^^! n ■ ™'"'>'"='J " mtermitten, fusillade for some hours. annTvedTe A? '^'°''' "''"""' °=''"8^'''" =" ■°-30. but only one gun annoyed the Americans to any appreciable extent-a howitzer on the road beyond Santa Mesa. The Third Artillery silenced the Galingatan batte^'y frrthttnf!:;^™"'""""^'^' ""'■^- -- f"""-" '—*-='>' -^ voly^ .henltroltn^'^tat^ren^liti" Tl^'r '''""' """' ^•«^-"' <^,« .-^f^ *u J 1 J reopened fire. The Americans poured a terrific ' d y ight whfnt: A '"'"*' "'■""*^^' ^"' *^^" *^^- -- -°*her lull u cJayl.ght, when the Americans made a general advance. uuring the night, in response to Rear-Admiral Dewey's signals flashed across from Cavite. the United States cruiser Charleston and Te gunboat ba;rytt?thTFr^''^'^'°";.P°"^^^ ^ ''^''y '- ^-- their secondaTv battery into the Fihp.no trenches at Caloocan. After daylight the United 658 ATTACK ON MANILA BY THK INSURGENTS. kfpf sheltl'^rV'r"^"'"? ,T"L'°'' ^°-d"-'< op.n.a fire ofT Malate and kept shelhng the F.l.p.nos' left flank, while the other vessels shelled the enemy s right flank for several hours. enemv^.nH°h°'^''ru '^" ^";^"""« ^ad apparently completely routed the enemy and had taken several villages, had destroyed hundreds of native huts ^.e Tenn:"" '""""" "' *^" ""'''' "''''"' ^ '^'•^^"- ^^ -er six miles. i^t aL " r/'^''"'"'^°'"'^ *'" ^""^ ""^ '' '° °'<=l°^k on Sunday morn- »ng and assisted m capturing Santa Mesa. A Brilliant Charge. One of the most notable events of Sundays work was drivfne the Fill- SLntns ' r;f t' '' '^'^ 'y '''^ reserve, a few companief f Cahformans commanded by Colonel Duboce. The main road to the village was hned by native huts full of Filipino sharpshooters. After they lad been finng upon General King and his staff, killing a driver, and firing upon i: rredTd tL'" '- '-'^'''' '^'-'^ ^-°- -^-- ^^^ """ m.M 7^^!'''^'"°'. ^^"^^"'••^t'^d in Paco Church and convent, where they s'atlonLo?"' .k'''"' l" -^ "PP- stories. A platoon of' Californians wa unlr. "n'-f ^°""! '"'^' """'^'"^^ ' ^°' fi- - the Filipinos, but DubocA . f r **'""• '" ''^^ '^'^^ °' ^ ^^^^■^'''^ f-'''-d« Colonel St and ?fi Vt"''f" '"^'' '"'" '•^^ church, scattered coal oil inside ot It, and set fire to the oil and retired. b^rdL" !!!' T^'^uJ ^^P*^'" ^y^''' ^"""'^ ^- '^^ Sixth Artillery bom- barded the church dropping a dozen shells into tnc tower and roof. Com- pany L and part of Company G.of the Californians, charged into the church but were unable to ascend the single flight of steps leadin^to the story above fnn ^Z I '"""^'^"^^ h^d '•^tired a company of the Idaho and Washing- Is thTv we 'T.°" "'^r/"'' °^ '''' ^""''"^' P'^^^d -^ the Filipinos brnfh f T ''"°'l^l°"t^ M^"y °f the rebels, however, escaped into the brush m the rear of the church. The Americans captured fifty-three of the n urgents. and dur ng the fighting about the church some twenty of the wer"eXeir 1^ '^^''^°° "°"'^"' '""'''^^ ^^ non-combatant Tfrien^, H '"■ u ' '^'"'"''" ^'"'^ after promising to go to the houses ot friends and remain there. TU w °?"' '"t^"''^'y ^'^*^'t'"g '""cident occurred during the engagement The Wash.ngtons and Idahos and Companies K and M. of the CaEan ' of a leSf ? Tr %r ''''' '^'"^^" ^^^^ ^"^ S-ta Anna in the fece deadTnH H /'' • ^^' ^'■'""' °"'^'" ^'^''^^ ^^ey passed was covered ^vith dead and wounded natives. The form.r were buried in groups of five or six ATTACK ON MANILA BY THK INSURGKNTS e,,., S^ltof '^llt:' ^, Tc 7"' "T"' "> "■= '-P'-'- " -. a. heaviest lo.«r ^ '^"''°'''" "■" ""= Filipinos suflired their order to preventtr^l S 'ei ; c";, 'on^T ,"tr '"^ '='""'= '" were killed before the insurgent, r fed R^h ^ f ''"''"' '"^" during the engaBement. The AmerTcr" Hurrl • " "^T""' '"''"'"">' met by derisive "vivas" aL T """'>''» were almost invariably noticea'LleforrheirbiVZt^^orth"^ "^ J«°"'" "^'= '^""^' fire with their bows and a?^;ws ^ ""''''' '""«'^ '"^'-S "«"='>' .n.;eprrv:fet;:tvL«ri:^^^^^^^^^^ city were plainly heard. ^ ^^^'"'"^ °^ *="""°" °"t«'de the Refugees in the City. the street ears were s ol d thf I el'ohT'' """"'' '' '""^ '"'«'■=• hurriedly but silently n.aThedoutSci^ToTh': T/"' "''^°'*"^ Filipino huts and hollses "^ °' """" "«' """ '"'"S °'" ''<>■» On Sunday immense crowds of peoole visited «,„ „ . r gathered in the highest towers to watch'^t^ bombfrdrntt tI "' steamers or carriages to be seen and .1,. .^ , °^"'"'="'- 'here were no Minnesota troop, actfae as Xe^ the streets were almost deserted. The of them. With thVrSS^t ^^rfjeteXLT^S T'' ™"^ American officers on Saturdav th^r. J t attempts to assassmate was maintained. ^' '" ""''" "°"^ °" ^""^^y- Absolute order and tlo^ ^^tarlf t^l ^" "^T' ^^^°^^ *^^ ^^^ ^ ^""^^^^^ Narcissus, off the Mole The aT •""'"'' ""'r '"' ''^^ ^'''^'^h -"'-• ■Filipinos k chance Trecupete^?^^^^ determined not to give the ,„j r • recuperate, iwo Filipino commss oners from Ilniln and four msurgents officers were arrested on board the steamer Uran 1 Many suspects were arrested in various parts of the city. "' The good results of the firin? were «*»#.n in t-u^ ,«« >t . the native ™,ts on the outskirts oftTe dty we e ^nTZL^yrlfl °' u. of the dead Filipinos by our soldiers Lgan af on'ce ,/?„: J^^ ^ 1 I I I 660 ATTACK ON MANILA BY THE INSURGENTS. bodies were found, and in another sivf^ w . engaged reported finding fifty or molTtv'' T*"^ ''"'"'''''' '^^''"^"^ Two men on board the MonnH J '"""^ '^'"^ "'°"^ '^^ ^''''''^ insurgents on the sho e sho^Ztr'" ^°""'^' by rifle shots from the The slaughter of the rs^r^^ts Lth^ f 1"""^ °' '^^ "^^'^^^ ^^ ^^^ '^-<=''- guns of tL captu ed gunbSt Callao th 6 • "^^ '^ *^'^^ °' "^^ ^"'^•^"'^^■■"^ and the 8-inch shells of r tSser Ch« 1 ;'" ^""' °^'''^ ^""^°"^ ^"'"-""^^ oi tne cruiser Charleston, was particularly heavy. Torn to Pieces by SheUs. by .he terrific rain of shells from thetarWo, ""' 1""»">"°™ ">Pi-" mantled the river front al„n" -natS wiin a Shattered thigh. He admits that he never saw modern artillerv ^nrl s^^cirrmC ^'^" ""^ '^ ^"^ '^^ '-'-'- -'' ''' diTariT: of Ygorltls'in'tn/' ^T'l '"''"^'^ '^""^* *^^ ^^^alos for placing the were sent n ^"''*"'" ^""^'■>'' ""^^'^ ^^^ P^-tcnse that they were sent to occupy a post of honor, and he intimates that the Ygorates w^n avenge this treachery when the survivors return - % ^ " 062 ATTACK ON MANILA I,Y THL: INSURGENTS, b«„ co„,pdle/.o impress ho": •,„?«h1ctrran°rer:';.'''" "'"""^ encc, naturally, of the civilians ' '° ""= '"'°"veni. Binol diL^ict!°1hri";^;l':.r„fT; " r"' '"""'"' ■" "■= ^""'^ -- was raging at their doorTli^ " ^^ ^"=""'"''' '^"='"='' """ ' battle it is remarkable that no 7Z^.U- '' ""''" "'" 'i'-'^'-'nstances across the r" r^^r^ thetcLr^T*''- , ^T' l"°'^ ""^ "^^ situation absolutely in hand '='"="="■="'■ ^'""^^ ""B^es has the interior .1.0 ™itr„"oT.h:'ouror' '■ t"" ^"r'"""" ^'^'■"""- <«— ^ coal nil, »r5„ , . ?"" P'°S machinery of the water works buried in a first he":;: ^'"'™"°' "■= '""' ''''''■ ■--<< •- procWions. ,„ the ,^^,;?3.^T^i;t%tci=r^^^^^^ :e::i«::^::™ rditrf rrr ^- -' - ~- ~^ In the second proclamation Aguinaldo says: tvusttTL^rJT^^' °"' ""'''"' oppressors without arms, and we now ti ust to God to defend us against the foreign invaders." Peace Treaty Ratified by the Senate. ct.t:w-:rnre:r:trrnt*:^^^^^^^^^^^ wtnessmg the proceedings. The fact that our flag had blen Sted and '"'°' ::«:i^tt:st:h?,X.::ar '° """"' '"" ^-"-— ■ Long before noon the public and private galleries of the Senate were TREATY OF PEACE RATIFIED. egg were in their various committee ronn.. i ' ^'^^ ^^enators party and vote for the treaty P^'''' patriotism above war „i.h sp, -r::: .ttr":: ctitd °"^ ''""'^ '^''^ "- '-^ -- "-= den jetr^^e^^- ;^ t S';:"ci:jyr rr 7-r '''^- ■■-'■ replied acknowledging tlie receiot of ih- n! " "' "'''" P™™Ptly Conn., P,a«, N. Y pSr^Q:; R 7,!:^ Sh!"'''?'' '■'«-• """■ Hale He .feid Zar o«!l!l^M!;r ^"ll"'": '^°'''-"' ^'"'^'- ^-man, a«aM^rrorr„^^J::--~„^^^^^^^^^ The Vote Analyzed. and Silverites and . Republi Jragata '"" " "™»"«^' 4 Populi«, agai„!r^ra«„ta:ty"h;dtubt^'d:^^^^^^^^^ tor Mason, of lUin'oi,, finLg that hi fat t ^h , ""'' ""'"'' ""■ ^="»- having heard from every Zt of m . ^'"^ ""' ''» *"S". and fication, although hThTdfcllTr' '",r ^^ °'' '^"■''='"°"' ™'=<' f"' 'ati. 664 TREATY OF PEACE RATIFIED. V 31 virgmui. «^^»yindKrnncy. of Delaware; M^Enery of Louisiana o?Mt- rip;:.'""'" ^"""" ^ ^-«» -" rcus/o, Auban^llrsZ:;: Harri^'^of «« ,1' ^''T'/'P""""' »I'<> voted for ratification „„. .^Z'lTomJZ: '"' """'"'• °^ '^™''" ^ '<^''- "f SO"'- Dakota. ca,if:tL:'arr,pt:fT„r„t 'v:; r^r" ■""-' ^'"^''■'" Patriotism Above Party. The ratification of the treaty was due in a great meisure tn n,- c . ... ■.n,e« does not detract from the well-performed duty of others Under tW arc« stances while the administration was seeking support in o^der that the « .r with Spain might be honorably terminated there was „„rr= to apprel nd that the Senators from Nevadl, hoth of wh ^e ol^d ™ t at: -rtr "-' '° "■- -'^''''- ^' *"^ ''"'"pp'- -"' "-;: But Senator Stewart, who had just been re-elected, announced himself «. •n favor of treaty ratification. He said : " We must stand by our solders and sailors. We w.ll dispose of those islands afterward for our noon .^ . want to keep them. But I shall vote for the treat^'' Vr; so nlheta^: Senator ones, who had been in consultation with Zs colleague fomNrat Znt tlT f °'".;,^''^ C^P'^l *o the White House, saylg to the Prest' dent The treaty w.ll oe ratified." That was his means of informing tL President how he would vote. 'forming the out th^c:'^'T'"l"'*u" °^*''" ^"^"^" ^^""'^--^ «°°" becan, known through- out the Senate chamber, and it produced a decided effect. The opponents of rat.ficat.on then realized that their efforts had proved abortive an^that the hunruhat.on of our fighting soldiers and sailors, and of ou entrre eoublic could not be accomplished. republ.c The country experience ' ,a sense of relief in view of the forf fh.f *i, treaty had been ratified by the . v ., - .nd was ready for the PrLideL .ure. No doubt was expressed .S in li,, manner it would Sed bTt"he" Spanish Cortes and its operat o., . u.o immediatr^. go into el^f !w \ thng the future of the Philippiu;:^, ^ '*' '^"' ^^- *> CAPTURE OF ILOILO. Department i.i Washington ; " ^'"^patch was received at the War "The liuiteri States fnrcp< „^^ n ■ "ono. , .p,«, of „, Island :t„;td:rf:.'^'--""^' "■""• ^pt-u «.= V„ay,n„ Kodcration. on February n'uTLr'.t T'""" "t-""™-" ol «. the tow,, „„ fire before evacuating i b ut .h!- A '""■"""''■"<^"'' The rebel, «.e -W There were no ca,ua„ro nTX^:™-,:.'-?' "*""'=■"»'■''' Bombardment of Hoilo Cieneral Miller, on receiot nf h; • * commissioners ashore from th'e United SutT';","" '"" "-''". »-' nativ. mun,cation for the rebel Governor oflloil' call nt^T- '^'- '''"' "'* ' '"■»- a t.me stated and warning him not to ^Ir ?^ ""'""' '° »""'="''<•■'• «>''«•> The rebels im,„ediately nfoved thc^ 1",'^' „ "^ "■°" '" "■= '"'"-'■ ■on. The Petrel fired two warning yn?";rrer, " '"'"" ■""'^P"- fire on her. "ihe Petrel and the Balt.W th.n h 1 '"•"""'"'oW opened the rebels having set on fire, immedtX e^cu.ted" X''^'''''' '""■ ""-h promptly landed and ext,„guished the L'Tn " , T"" "'^'"' «--' but no. before considerable damage had b! n do "'" "' '"''«" P^P-'^. por.s'.:}=t::"e7p;rotit?:=-'^'' '-- '^-"' °«= -^^-e.. *= first re. ^P^'^^^^Xl^Z^l^t^;-:^- -^ -ant and s ;:r„t;r„rtTs— -£^^^^^^ casualfes among the United States troops Z,ld 1 ""=" '"■"'""'"•" "o General Miller left Manila on n. ™P°™1- ->h .he Eighteenth Regu a Infant vTnd" f °" ^^e transport Newport. Artille^. Ute, when \ was t L^e, th ^ThT V ^'^ '''^^^ ^^^"'- aken possession of the place on the surrender V.k c'"^^ '"^"rgents had to withdraw to permit the American trooos t. ^^'"'''''^ ^"^ '^'^^^^ instructed to avoid a conflict, bu t " aXlT"^^ ''' "^^""^^ ^'"^ -- ;n the event that hostilities occurr d ThelrV".T"''"'*>' °'^ '"^P"'- to reinforce him. Later the Iowa regiment ^Tlt '°"' ^"'"^"^'^ ^^ -"' the men a period of rest ashore as thev h^H K u'^'"'"'' '° ^^"''^ 'o give -nee they left San Francisco. 'tI First to"" '^' ^^ip practically fver reinforce General Mi!'- .« ? • Tennessee Regiment was 4nt t. General Mille; had a tr., W.t*' '"' "^ ""=" '•«- '-"^ a^ld! 666 SURRENDER OF NEGROS AHi) CEBU. having ofh 7c;'''* '^ ''■""^P°'-^ Newport arrived at Manila from Iloilo. of Negros. and other representative natives of the island. They called upon the Amencan authorities. These men .i.it.d General Miller at Iloilo and d.scussed the s.tuation with him. They then returned to Silay the pWncLal town -n the northern part of Negros, and hoisted the Americ n flag Tl ?w?nronf :l ^"°^°°' ^'^ ^^P'*^' °^^^^ '^^-^' -'^ -- -'"'<^ -itl. or Manll ^^"% [T' ''" "^^" ^^^"'■"^^ *° "°'1° - -d- to embarl. tor Manila to confer with General Otis. It was thought this iiew development would have an important effect on he general situation in the islands. Negros is one of the rkhest islands in the archipelago, and the principal producer of sugar. The people of Negros have never sympathized with either the Tagal or Visayan insurgents, and obviously were desirous of settling down to peaceful occupations. It was hoped that other islands would follow this example The American Flag Hoisted at Oebu. It was soon ascertained that the island of Cebu was ready to submit to the authority of the United States. Cebu is one of the most important o he Vasayas group of the Philippines. It hoisted the American flag on Wa h! .ngtons birthday, February 22d. A battalion of the Twenty-thfrd Infen rv was sent by General Otis to uphold the authority of our gove« ' Manib" Th 7 '''' '^"■' """' ^''^' excitement throughout the city of ManUa. Three fires were started by the insurgents at Santa Cruz, Tondo and the Binondo Market. The latter fire worked its way toward the wharves The natives cut the hose. One thousand native houses and hundreds oi business places were burned. The refugees thronged the streets with their rescued property. The houses fired were marked with red An Idea of the extent of the loss by fires in the suburbs of Manila may be obtained from the figures herewith given :-Sixty buildings of stone Id ISO substantial wooden structures with iron roofs were destroyed. In addi- tion 8,ooo nipa houses of the natives were burned. General Hughes appeared promptly on the scene, and it was his energetic measures, without doubt, that stopped a general uprising. The troops wth the American and English residents, were immediately detailed as fire 'brig- ades, preventing the spread of the flames to the business quarter Three hundred houses were burned (in this district of the city) chieflv native and Chinese. While these events were in progress three fire were simultaneously started in the Tondo and Binondo district, of the cit" a.id a- already stated, more than a thousand houses were burned. y' ' ' ^-^ CAPTURE OF PASIG AND PATEROS. 667 The flying column under General Wheaton starter! th. • kft. »er. opposite Gufdaloupe on the nv^n ' """ °" ''" '""'"'' Cannon Boomed Out the Signal for Advance Then all thei^f!^? the Fourth cavalry, mounted, swung forward the advance The cava ;rtal t.-^'"'' *'? <^'-'=-'*e regularity of mounted and drove trX-rut^tZi^rc-hlttr'- ^"^ "- *■»- - .5tH, inflicting a hea:^^ f ^ f^'lTTh A Jrl cTntj trZht' e";rr:r:trr.-^rtrerivr''°^'"°^-"-'^^ but evlualMerg*"' '""'' '"^ '"'"^^-'^ "---"^ -'=^"8 a .^ T . "^T"! ""'='"°»'^ "It""" advanced beyond Pasig to the shore of «.rr„d'':ut:;d:rfe7o:r'"^ ""- i..^bee„e^yL:;:atri„°; AmeriiVtorlrr! v"""""""''"""" ""'"' ='"<' '°"'^ "^ ■=l''«d, the iT^ra in IceTSrind t"^ '""^ T t" '° '"^ '^^=- ^"^ v^r =5^^/--^-^ -- - " n^:^^^^ If rS.- ° ""l' ■■"'"■°'"' ""* ■"'""='='■ The strongly fortified vuLe Int^*" """"'""' '"" ' ^«P-te fight by the Twentieth rl^fn! overlh'recetaoT^h' '"'f'"'™ '" «■" War Department at Washington over tne receipt of this cablegram from Major General Otis : 668 CAPTURE OF PASIG AND PATEROS. Adjutant Ghnerai.. Washington : ""'""' ''"'^' '^' ''^' PaterIsTn?r'"i"^ insurgents moved down last night to towns of Pasig and hne R A I u'^""" ^' ^'y' ^•■^"^'"g ^heaton's troops on Pasig Lvcr eoortsl In ^ '""^ '"^'^''"^ ^^^-'^^y '°«^ - l^il'^d -"d wounded. lie s:;;: to hold i7,r''''''- "^^ "°^ ^^^-^^^ ^^°- ^-- -^^^ -ff'- Tt, * Otis, ment wr.'f'"'T'°" ^u'" ^^ ^'"^'■^' ^^'^ was just what the War Depart- carrvil X'"? '°^^'' ''■"" '^'"^- '^ '"^'^ted that he was vigorously r't le^^^^^^^^ of dividing Aguinaldo's forces and crushing then, wher- brvi.Z.M r n T • ^' """' '^P^^^^^ *hat the advantages gained would tiona llv The' '^'^r? r"' """' ""^"'"^^^^ "^^ ^^"^ *° — ' - -condi- Zt sin ve "' ' °r '"'' -^^^"'^^-^ ^"'^ ^^'^°^^ ^-^ -"^d forthmany tributes m verse, among wh.ch the following deserves a conspicuous place: O 'Tis Dewey Who rules our ships and gives command? Who leads our soldiers on the land ? What heroes brave the battle's din, Assail the foe and victory win ? Otis-Dewey. Who watch and guard Manila Bay, Each moment ready for the fray ? Who bid the Yankees sweep the field Where fierce insurgents are concealed? Otis-Dewey, Who pour hot shot in rebel ranks, And stop that Aguinaldo's pranks ? Charge on his hordes with sword and gun, And like scared r.iljbits make them run r ' Otis Dewey. Who wave •• Old Glory " at Manila, O'er poor man's hut and rich man's villa ? Who send to Washington report That night and day they ' hold the fort?"' Otis-Dewey. What Admiral across the seas His four-starred flag flies in the breeze. Defends with pride his country's fame, And makes himself a glorious name?' O 'tis Dewey. TREATY SIGNED BY THP nnirtrxT t. «v iHE QUEEN REGENT. 669 The treaty of peace between the United States ;.nH c; • -n the Cortes with great vehemence, and dun„l th.H ^"" ^'' ^''^'-'"^^^^ senous character against Spanish officers and Ho ?" '^'""^^^ ^^ ^ was not believed by our Government TwuP' "'"'^ ^'^'^y "'^^e. It ernment would fail to sign the trtv'Z''"l'°" ''''' ^^^ Spanish Gov- ing to be done, and if the Queen^lign t reT "'^ *''"^ "°^ -"-"- the war would practically be condnued ' "°' '^^^^ ^^ ^^e Trea.v whic:?:a!tLfr ;; t' pL^rL^-l ^'-^-^ *^^ -aty of pea.. Cambon. for exchange wkh the one ^■'"^TJ^''' ^' Washington, M. Jule draftofthetreaty waLi^nedt ParLorDe \'"^'r ''^^•"'^>'- ^^^- missioners appointed by the two rov. ^^'T^'' ^°th. 1898. The Co„,- -.f October. ^ ^ '^"^ Governments began their labors on the ,st Our Government's Generous Offer It was with some difficultv thaf- a« -, 000.000 oflired by the uS1t«=' lo sf '""'"' ""' ™'=''^''' ■"" «>- S^o,- United States without delavThT ^ ^^°-°o°.ooo appropriated by the -ch that this money was nTeded t oTe ' Und' 'It '^^""^ ^^^"^ ^^ peace the United States had three month. Y Z ^' '"'''"' "^ '^^ ^^^^^v of in which to make the payLnt i^was ! f^l ^" '"'^'"^^ °^ ratifications tion to take advantage o'f t^i,"; erm^sS deW V"''""T' ^'^ ^^'"'"'■^^- to pay the money at once. ^' ^°"'^^^''' ^"^ it was intended It was apparent from General Of.e' a . i. . to allow the insurgents to rec^e, from ^t '' u'' '^ ''" "°* P-P-e would push the campaign ThTs wo. MK ^' 7" ^' ""^^ ^'^^ ^^em, but the north and «outh^f the ^ne Lid bvV - V'""'"^ the Tagalos in detail. ^ ''^ ^'"^'■^' ^^^^^on and finishing up Despite the good outlook for neace fh. M r. organize a mosquito fleet in th^ Phi ^""^ Department decided to command with six tugs sin d to duf"!''' "f "^'"^ ^^'"'-' ^-^y'^ The tugs were to havf rapXe and smalf °"\'" ''°" ^"' °" ^^^ --- effective service. It was tlfeltentfon of o r ' "' -' """• ^"^ ^^^^ - ^^ ships in the Philippine waters ir^^n rneelT"^"' '° '^^^ ^" ^^^ ^^ C70 battlus around Manila. to rou th ^ "'"■ ^""''^' '^' °^J^^^ °f ^he American troops being to rout the insurgents, and by one blow end their rebellion. The follow nf despatch reported the steady advance of our forces • 'Oiiow.ng ""'TacI TT"' i^^^^'"S*°" = Manila, March 26. nnd 7rT ' T ^"""^ ^'^^ '"''"^ b^y°"d P°l°. ni"e •"'■les from Manila and fifteen miles from Malolos; railroad will be repaired to advanced poin; :::o:~::r;"^^''" ''-- ^-Arthur wmpresson to.morZ; fro.^r ::::::^s;;^r ;^:--^- '^"- °^ -—-• andfe:7ofrnt%X^^ wounded'" '^^'^'"^"'^' ^^""^•"-^ary lieutenant, Third artillery, mortally Otis ArthurTshed'hf "."p? "' *'" '^'^'"^ '* ^PP^^--^ *h^^ ^^ d-ybreak Mac- Arthur dashed beyond Polo and to the north-east, and captured Meicauavan Th.s place js two miles beyond Polo. It was not taken ^^thout a fight The insurgents left detachments in all the trenches to delay the advance Meicau ayan .s at the base of the rough hills and the jungle. Fresh Troops Rushed Forward. The road forward is in clear ground, the railroad over the conouered country to the rear was repaired and fresh troops were rushed TrwlTd Among hose who fell at taking of Meicauayan was Captain Krayenbuh com m.ssary heutenant of the Third Artillery. He was mortally wounded ' tutedTtf • ^"' "'^ ''^ '^' insurgents, and the 5000 rebels who consti- Tl 7""7u ^^''•^^t^^ *° '■-i-" Aguinaldo's main column of insurgents at Malolos The town of Malinta, beyond the Tuliahan river, was taken bv G neral Wheaton^s division. The fighting was sharp all day. and the battle' field was carpeted with the insurgent dead. Our own losses were compa a oft?!;^' "'' ^'"^"^ °"^ '-'' -- ^°^°-'' «-^^ C- %berra Te^ The plan to cut off the 5000 insurgents in Malolos failed by reason of Gen::a?M:cll'\'"""'^^^^ .General MacArthur from gettmg far enough around to the north of Polo to shut the enemy m. We had to be content with a victory consisting of or sweepmg one. The msurgents. though beset with cavalry, infantry and artil- y^ volunteers and regulars, fought desperately in theS trenchL tI e ^veie engaged the Fourth. Twenty-second and Twenty-third Infantryr. the Utah BATTLES AROUND MANILA. Troop, the Third Artillery and the O • ^^' along the ra.iroad fro. cLol'' o^h^T^Hir- • '''''' ^''^ ^^^^^'^^ out The rebels destroyed the hr.H ^"''^han river, made their stand Whii;.^ ^^ °''^'" ^^e river, and on tJ,. r .u west bank oTthTrS, "f ''°"'' ""P^"!" °f the Twentv ,,,■ a ■ opposite Maltoa F ^ ^e '"^ f"- '™- Thrbr2„*' ^r"' '^' the banl^ fk^ "^"^ "ver where the A,r,« • ^ ^"' exactly Ms Tb* L^^vr*: "'^ °^ "^■f =■ ">■' to *:x rt r™"^^''" "^ ^^' °f tfte rise was torn „,. . ! ^^^e, which crowns thp fcf-^ we. a. t. - ^Jx^ bt- srt-ri: -etve; the-f fiXr„':? ^y '"' '-„„s „e had taught the. Th second was in the advalr ^ T ^"' '"'"'''' 300 yards Th "^ ^ wiel. a fringe of fi e wTh cT ''^^'"'•''e'y dead Lnc les^ame To'T "a^hed at .he entrenches i^^^'f^^"' « '"^ l-i «» Twr;.s 1 ,d and left respectively were fiLhf ■^^^°" "'"' Kansas troon, at tL u woods and ™ade Z'^^^^t^'Zt Z\ ''"T'^' '"' '^ -^ in t Ir^.Lri""- '" ""= "■«="= of the chal ™T"1 ""^ *" =">'-« of the 1"« saddle, shot through the abdomen ^ '^°'°"'=' ^«'^'' '^» forward on «^. cf Gen'e-r^l th^^tT ^ITS '^t/^^' ~« - '^^ ^ot mortally wounded Colonel back pa", thfr °^ '""'^ "-= «"<=■• with tl^e «.=y got him to the ;Jr '°° "'''•" ^^^' %"=«. He was dead before ''''"y^^trZ::^^^ -i-^f trenches had been taken and «va«sm of the insurgents t7aiLdl:,:r,Ji .«-P"= *e 1:^::' they d,d not wait for our troops. '° ''°''' "■="• "''^ and to shoot lot them mT*",' *"^ '""?'>' "'''" the men of the T tne trees to be carried across 672 BATTLES AROUND MANILA. h 7a ^u Chmese stretcher-bearers. MacArthur's advance guard-the Ilurd ArtUlery and the Twentieth Kansas Regiment-joined Whefton The advance to Malinta was made over the Nivaliches Rial Hal.'« command ,n the flank movement of MacArthur's division surprised thernsur gents m the northern trenches. The Filipinos fled along the railroad burn •ng nee m.lls. tearing up the tracks and obstructing III they knew how They finally took refuge in the church at Malinta. where they made a stand' t?k nt:::::it"t;rrerer ^t'"' °" ''- ^""' '°^^^-' -^ ^^"•--- they ^r aM" ;:iitarr ^sutr ^^^^^^^ ^' ^-^-7 r s.all bodies, so the day's fighting was refill stt^f^mal^ ^^^^ '^^^^ Plight of the Insurgents Toward Malolos west of MalinTa" ^S" ''°''"' r' "°m ,'"' ■"" "■'" ">' '°°° ^^"'"'""s also came against some of the entrenched rebels TheAn, " v \^' were confined to a kv, wounded. ^ Amencan losses General MacArthur's division advanced alnno- ♦», * toward Malabon. Ahead of them ctld""' s:erLtlacrsmV^^^^^^^ Mai rf '°T- ^'^ '"^"'^^"'^ '■^^'•-^ *hat they cou^d not h'd Malabon. and alarmed at the narrow escape they had from being cau.t The '"".''''^-/''y ^^^^-'^ t--rd Malolos as fast as they fouldfo The day s acfon was beautifully conducted. When Wheaton's brt' gade was wading the river the insurgent bullets were chur^ng a„d sPa ' termg the water m their faces. Cur soldiers dashed up the Lrth bank dnppmg. and without stopping to shake the water from them swep^ on over the ndge and into the rebel entrenchments. I„ the ^idlt of ^ all came volley after volley from the left. And as sudde^rj aT ff it Ld ch^^i^g^rd,;: ''- ^^^^^' ^-^^^^-^ --^^^ -^-^ appeared^o^Vln: t:^, Their sudden appearance was too much for the insurgents Thev threw down their rifles and ran. The American forces, in a g^eat trian^ e rushed after them, and the slaughter among the fleeing natfves w s fe .' nfic. It was a magnificent picture of war. with the Fourth Cavalry Z lopmg along the crest of the farthest hills shooting as they rode "^ Cat BATTLES AROUND MANILA. The American army advanced nf- /^ ^. i i sweeping onward three miles beforr/o o'c,° .°" the morning of the 29th. beyond Bocave. to the east of B.lZL nd on H ' '"f ''■"'"^ '''' '""^'^Sents Our troops met with but slight re istance r, r? '^'^ ^'""'^'"^ '^ ^alolos. purpose of drawing the American fire and disH^ '^'^'^T,^'^''' """^>'-^ '■«'■ ^^e t,ons. Two men of the Pennsv IZ- "^''^^''"^ the locahty of our posi- t'- Dakota regiment were ^ £ TreTn?'- '"' '"' '"^^ '^^'^"^'"^ *« 'oea. liie Americans remained silent. ^^°°^«^ ^« if Swept by a Cyclone. tion. Smrr:fr:t:^rof!:'l^ ^^^^^-^^^^ a picture of deso.. and fences torn by shrapnel we'eo be L^^^^^^ " "" """"' °' *"^^ ance of the country was as if t had h '"^'*>'"'''^'-^- The general appear- were strewn with furniture a fd do hinfd" "'!,' '^^ '^^^'°"^- "^h^' -ds The only persons remaining behind :ereaT '".""'' '^ ^'^^ ^'''P'"-- escape. They camped beside the ruinT r'u^ T^ P^''^°"« '^^ '"fi'-m to passers-by for any kind of Issist.nce tI' •'' '°™^'' '^°'^" ^"^ Pegged the generosity of our soldierH^'" u ' '"'^^"'^ °^ ^''^"^ ^^"-e l-Ving on dogs of the Filipinos cow red 7n thf 7 " 'n^''°" °' ^'^^'^ -^--- The hundreds of pigs'were to b 'e "n busilvsr I T'^'^' '-*"' •'^^'^'"^' ^^ile Bodies of dead F.i:^- ^ searching for food. were resting L th^^un Hire^rr't;: ''^ ''''-^ ^' ^'^ ^"•-^' or of the hurriedly retreating armv ^''^."^tl-*^ ^*'' °'" "^''^ ^^^^ '" ^^e wlke but there was no time to bur'hem " ''" ^''' '°^^^ ^ ^^^'^le odor, ^^^^'^t:^^:!'^^^- - ^eycauayan le. i„ .cH m the rooms were trunks contl tu^'"^^ "'°"">' ^"'^ valuables, and the case in .ost of the ties" senfdTL'"'^^^^ °' ^^'"^- ^^''^ -« soldiers, but the Chinese who slipped fn h^ ^ ""T "°' '"^'"'^^ ^^ o""" when they could, and took no ess In of '"! ! '™'" "^''^ ^°°^'"& raised Chinese flags some of ^^V J ''^""^^ ^'°"'^^' o^^"" which they found hidden in a ho^re a ullZyT 7". '^•""- ^" °'^ — -- fright and hunger. ^^^eycauayan yesterday just dead, apparently from Malolos, the insurgent can,>=.i 3ist by the American 'roop?'t;rh TTuf T""' "°^"'"^ °^ ^^'^ before daylight. After eaZ al'd u^^Vf^f \ ^^' ^^^^ ^^vance began former line in the following order .. !f '^' """"P-^ ''^'''^ ^o"^ their Third United States A nf' "'^*^"^'"& ^'-o'" 'eft to right: teers; Tenth PennsJlva i. SoS^ d\°"'^":/°'""^^^^^^ ^-- Volun- teers; Fourth United States' c!va^. '^''' Volunteers; Nebraska Volun- 674 BATTLES AROUND MANILA. almof^''*"'*'^ ^^^?7 ^ °'''°''' '^^ ''"'y ^'S^^ 't« <=«"tious advance, meeting a most ,mmed,ately with a heavy fire on the right. The troops Advanced .Tt rthtetr^r' •'""^^^'^"-^ the insurgents fro. their trenche nto the thickets. The army then advanced two miles and discovered an .nsurgent outpost strongly intrenched. The natives came forwa dX L " r medTuI r'^t '" ""^^- They assured our troops that they :ere a sharp fi' """.'' "u"'"' ^° '""^''^ *'-^"^'^" ^'-^^ inLediately opened a sharp fire on our lines, which was soon silenced. Major General MacArthur entered Malolos, the seat of the so-calleH y linrdown .h"". r"^^ '"'^'^"^^'■"^ '■*• 'T'^^ ^"'--^" -'diers wen^ e ted them " '°?''' ''^^ P^'""P^' ■^^"'^••^- Several ineffective shots n r H .; ' ''°"' ''"'■"^"'^'^ ^* the head of the street, but the troops rushed on. the insurgents fleeing. ^ sion IfV'Vur'^ ? ^' ''"'■"•"^' ^"* *''^ ^--^^P^ ^P^^dily took posses- fltf . T '°"^""°" P'-^^^-'^d- The Chinese were flocking back at dM';h ; *"'''' '""^^^"^^ "^^^ '^""^ P^^*'"g -"^y« - they re treated, and the troops were returning the fire. A Brilliant Campaign. The service of our troops in the Philippines was such as to cause every a sTero^retreat'^ T 'T '"''• ^""^'^ ^'^ "°^ °"^ ^^ ^' cowardice nTr a step of retreat, and good generalship was supported by a soldiery whose courage, patience and fighting would make the honor page of any count^ stand more gloriously forth in its history ^ ^ mendlH'th'""^""^" V^" ^''' had. however, peculiar qualities which com- mended those engaged m it to the hearts of their countrymen. It was fought chiefly by the citizen soldiers, the regiments of the National Guard, not one o conZt'Hr'"'''"''^" months seen a shot fired in battle, ad they al conducted themselves with the precision of regular troops and of veterans hnv f T"^*' ^'"'"''"'^ ^y '^''' '■"P^^t'^^ States were volunteers, the S n leT ?h' ' • ''', ''r'^ '^°" *'^ ^^°^^' ^"^ ««^"- -ho had only nti w hin less than a year looked upon soldiery as a military picnic, a plfytime ba I of ^V ""■'^ Tr^ ''"'=^^' ^ "^"^'- °f ""'^-'" -d fliriation. But 'h!] ^ ! u''^ f'' *^' '"^^ '"'^'■"'■'^ «P'"t«' the %hting capacity which ericrfhe C ^ ""« ''""'; ^'^ ^^"'^ °^ ^-'borough' Cromwe'u and Fr d er ick the Great. Being called upon to exhibit it they responded with such ^ot: ialiroTfh '''' ''^"'^? "''^' ^^"' ^'^^"^ ^°^«^ he'gan to rele^h po tentiahty of the race and to know that it is a people of strength in war ns in the otner channels through which it has attained grandeur. " BATTLES AROUND MANILA. .on. forces o„ «./.„„;„';: 'l™;;" 'l^""^ * f^' ^^ ^-"a' Law- boats grounded, and i, wTne 1 j ' n"r"'",f °' ""= ""'""^ P"*' '-""I The expedition then »toa„,ed ca iX^I^d rr'.""'"'' '"= '^^^■ al.ea 1"'' 'l "°^^' "°^''^' ^^"^ ^^e upon the trenches. Simu ta„eousll the "\ T ^ "°^^'^' P°"""^ -"^^^ shelling the woods ahead ofTtt^^^^^ ^T"' ^^°"^ ^^^ ^^ore. The whole brigade" was di^ideT " J J "^ '^'"'"^ ^"^^'•^^ *'-«"'=hes. was carried on in frontLl htn f uu^T^' °^ *^^^"^' ^"^ ^^e fighting frontier fashion, from behind trees, crawling through bushes 676 BATTLES AROUND MANILA. or rushing across the open. The trenches gave considerable resistance when the line was nearing the city, and although the Laguna de Bay and Oeste bombarded for an hour they did not succeed in clearing them entirely. General Lawton, with the Fourteenth infantry battalion?, approached a narrow iron bridge across a creek south of the town. Here a company ol Filipinos was intrenched behind a stone barricade at the bridge entrance. The Americans rushed forward in single file, in the face of a galling fire, demol- ished the barricade with their hands and drove out the enemy, killing a dozen. Fought from House to House. The Filipino soldiers in the town, secreted in buildings and firing from the windows, gave the invaders constant annoyance. There was a regular nest of them in the stone jail. The Americans singly or in pai 's entered the houses, and took many warriors prisoners. A considerable body of Filipinos fled northward over the open marshes, but the Catlings poured upon them a deadly hail. Major Weisenberger de- ployed the sharpshooters along the shore, and they crept steadily forward, aiding the Catlings. Finally a large body was sent against the enemy , driv- ing them into the mountains. Ceneral Lawton promptly established headquarters at the fine palace of the Governor. A guard was placed in the church, and within an hour the town was under patrol. Almost all the inhabitants had fled, and only a few Chinese shopkeepers emerged from hiding and resumed business. On the marshes north of the town were found forty dead Filipinos and many wounded, to whom the Americans offered their canteens as if they were comrades. Later in the day Lawton's flying column captured Pagsajan, and the insurgents fled, after which his unresisted column descended the Lumbang river and found the insurgents assembled in some force at the village of Lum- bang, which commands the mouth of the river. The latter was effectively obstructed to prevent the entrance of gunboats. The Laguna shelled the .shore from the lake, driving the main force of the insurgents out. Only a small number remained within an old church to oppose the troops. These maintained a steady fire until rushed by the land force. On the same date there was an offensive outbreak of the Filipinos, when an attack was made on MacArthur's men, who were guarding the railroad line between Malolos and Manila. The rebels massed at Bocave and Marilao. The attack was repulsed, but five American soldiers were killed and fourteen wounded. Many insurgents were slain. Ceneral Lawton's victory at Santa Cruz was more sweeping than at first supposed. BATTLKS AROUND MANILA. 677 ApH^r.:'" T.et::„nf ti^trr oir-r-' r '•'-•''■'- ™ Malolo,. Major Bell, of the Fout* uTw slT'. " ,'""'•"' "°"'"-"^' "' ".aKc a r.co„„oi,,.,a„co i„ order to^..Ct^>T.lm7^'''.'"'' "'"''"•' "> took Lieutemmt Uutlierford and »ixty-o, e me„ ° h ,• '.r"''^°""'- "" daybreak this little body of Amerie mi reeled «, -"""''■''■ ^' Bell and Lieutenant R.UUcrford 1(5^ , " t ".r'T' Tf '""^ ""J°' roconnoiterin, party. The -u;gent/Lr;,rb 'Xl ' i;:;!"' "'^ d^tly expect,„g that the rentainder of the eon.pLny won'l'd :"o„"r„.f;;id:- The Insurgents Open Fire. Major Bell's orders from General Mir A rH,,,.. „ i- v. • ascertain the strength of the e emv Th ^^^^ ' ^ '"'^''""^'^^ '"'" *« advanced. As sooLs the t leTmLn J '' ""'";'"■ °' '''' ^^^^^'^^ ^'^ opened with a hot fire One An^ " m '' '"""" '""^^ '^''^ '"^"'•^^^'"t-s by the first volley. "''" '^°'''''' ^'-"^ '^'"^^ -"^ ^ve wounded Major Bell immediately sent for reinforcements Tl,. i , , . . ground bravely. The msurgents fought hi demons The T ^ ''' '*' canoe loads of soldiers down the river Thf ^. ^ ' u . ''""°' ''"^ left sides of the American sold! rs Luld . t^em on"> '' ^ "''' ^"' were forced back, but they fourrht hard fnrT , r *''' '""'• "^"^^y gave to the rebels. ^ ^ ^°' '""''^ '"^'^ °f ^•■^""d which they The Filipinos followed up their advanHtr.. tu u j j • and his men nearly three-quarters of a S f ^^^ ""'" ^'J^*" ^^^" Morford. with a baL.ion ort^Firrt Nebr s J v'lu^t""''';' "'^" ""'^^""^ the assistance of the retreating cavalrym.rTn^tea^ofT "' '"'' "^ *° ing the tide of battle and causing the F ilos to r ^ ..""' ""^^P' '^^"^- their ground and fought more Lvage^y ' The ba^^^^^ ^^ "'T'^^'^ ""''' which enabled the enemy to keep close to the A ^^^' '" " '■°^' seen ^ ° ^^^ Americans without being .utr.cre-:;trr:::r:e:ro— ^^^^^^^ positions which the insurgents we, eToldLr " '" '^'^ "" Just as the forward movement be^an Colnnpl c:f„f . up and took his place at the he.d of h s re Jme" \ T^^ '""' ''''^'''^ Malolos from Manih where he h.l\ '^"?'!"^"\ H^" had just returned to battle, rushed [^ Q^^^:::!^ ^i^:';^ ^'::^;^ - >■;- -^ ;,"= .orn„„g of the insurgent trenches, Dur,n, this cha:;rin";h: wi;h:"„;"h!:;i 678 BATTLKS AROUND MANILA. of bullets Colonel Stotsenberg was shot. An insurgent bullet pierced his heart. He dnppecl dead within a few yards of the trenches. Three guns from the Utaii Artillery reached the fitihting ground just as the Nebraskans were making their charge. Their advance, assisted by the shells from the artillery, broke the resistance of the insurgents, and after half an hour more of fighting they were driven from Quingan. The village was occupied by the Americans. Total American Loss. Of the members of the Seventh Cavalry which came up with General Hale three were killed and five woundf c1. Five men were killed in the Nebraska regiment, including Colonel Stotsenberg and Lieutenant Sisson, and over thirty wounded. Several members of the Iowa troops were wounded. The total American loss w; ■ eight killed and forty three wounded. Fifteen dead Filipinos were found in the trenches, but it is not believed they suffered heavily, as they were protected during most of the battle. Major Bell's horse was shot from beneath him. The bullet passed through Major Bell's logging. Major Mallory's horse also was killed. Lieu- t-nnnt Sisson, of the Nebraskans, was found to have been shot, like his com- manding officer, through the heart. The members of the Nebraska Regiment were overwhelmed with grief over the loss of their colonel. Colonel Stotsen- berg was noted as an absolutely fearless officer and brave commander. The Nebraska soldiers felt that their loss was irreparable. Filipinos Driven from their Position. The American forces, after a series of brilliant and daring forward move- ments, took and occupied the village of Calumpit April 25th. The Filipinos set fire to the town before they left, and the Americans found the houses burning when they dashed up the village .streets after the fleeing insurgents. The Americans first drove the Filipinos from their position on the north bank of the Bagdag river. The defenses at this point were strong and the enemy was found well intrenched and desperately eager to check the American advance, for three intrenchments formed the sole defence with which the Fili- pinos had guarded thvi southern approach to Calumpit. The village lies on^ mile beyond these fortifications taken by our men. It occupies a position on the southern bank of the Rio Grande. After the fortifications had been taken the Americans steadily and pluckily advanced and took possession of Cal- umpit, The Filipinos had made elaborate preparations to check the advance uf the Americans at the fortification on the Bagdag river. The bamboo cane BATTLES AROUND MANILA. 071, growth which fronted the defenses had been cut away, so that the enemy had ap> oach^Th rf " '" "' ^" "obstructed view of the American approach. 1 Im defenses were very strong. General Hale began his advance toward Calumpit down the north bank o ie nver. wh.ch he crossed at Quigua. after a hard fight with the insurgents. He lu.d been ,ns ructed to move on to Calumpit fron, the east, while General tht railroad when he received word that General Hale's troops had reached a pom near Calump.t. In carrying out his part of the plan General I Me nia a .stubborn, and at t.mes. desperate opposition from the Filipinos. In charg- wounded.'"""''' '"^^^"^hments our troops lost six n,en. Eleven wefe h.l- ^\T? °"%T '"'^'''"^^ heavy lo.sses upon the insurgents, for it is b eved that ,50 of the Filipinos were killed at one point. At another pJnt continu I'fi""" ^"'^ th.rty-eight insurgents who refused to surrender, and contmued firing until the last one was killed. Sharp Firing by Our Machine Guns. At 8 o'clock in the morning General MacArthur, who was at Malolos tTw^d c'f '"V '?r^'''"^' "'" -dy for the advance up the r^iS toward Calmnp.t. and he ordered General Wheaton to load his brigade on w.th men of Wheaton's br.gade and the moving fort steamed north, approach- ing w, hm 1,500 yards of the insurgent intrenchments. ^ ^ .olnnT w,''""T •'"■' ^"'^ """'"'""^ ^^^^ ^d^^"^« °f Hale's flanking va ds r^^,"!;"" '" 'T'^' *^^'" --^^^ - P--"t on the tracks about x.50^ fhe cnt . ! '"'""^ '^" ^'P''-^" S""^ °^ '^' ^"^^^'-"^ began playing on the entrenched msurgents. The centre of fire was the breastwork on the north branch of the nver and the machine guns were u.sed with good effect. With the machme guns hurling shot, the train was pu.shed forward steadily until it was well w.thm 500 yards of the insurgents' firing line. The enemy con- centrated their fire from the right upon the train forw.Vn'^"' T" ''°' "■°'' ^'^ ^'"''■"' W'^^^ton's men left the train and rushed forward under an mcreasing fire. The insurgents had partially destroyed ^le bridge across the river, and the Americans ru.shed over the partly de- molished structure, jumping into the river and swimming the rest of the way. When the Americans reached the shore the insurgents fell back in goo^ order, maintaining a galling fire during the retre..t. The Americans look ord rn r YJT^" "i '^' '""""y ^"^ imPK-diately General MacArthur ordered General Hale to the north to make a n.connoissance in force. 680 BATTLES AROUND MANILA. shrapnel, which burst over the lad of r ''"'TS! "'' '"^ "'°*™ Kansas RegimLTothe ^est oftt" r^f "' '"""''•■'' ""'''■ '"'"■ "'= the east of It and ,^l '"''°'"'' ""<" "" "°'"=""' R't'in'ent to sontri: :f h"eR° Gr?„dV"r;"h;°""'"« one a„dahalf „,L on the from whieh a few American soIdS °»°^'"= ''^"l< ""=« f»"ifcd trenches, so strongly were tt^ co„str„ "jd °"" ""'= '"° ^"^ '" '''' "■°"-"*. serlel''ltrf"''"l''!.""^. "" '""'^'' °" *= -outh bank of the river de- ^^^:t^::^::j'^jzzz,':z '''"' *^- -- ^- - .he .~t':^3i;fo; "rrfan-rtSck^ r™'d' t""-"^--'-''^' '- .,^« u- u railroad track showed they were usino- r^r, Zs; tt:::r^ra;r„.rr ;: r "t"t^- , "--• ^^ "^""^^^^^^^ -aster the machiner/of JodeTn^h ,s^ a^^^^^^^^ that the Fihpinos failed to range. ' '^^ '""-'''' ""^^'^ *» g^t the right Rebels Still Pouring a Heavy Fire. Young's Utah Battery was ordered into position in the centre of the rreZedit' = ' T' t ^"^^'^^^--^::;^:^. commt:^:] ^^^^v::i-^:::::vz^::^^: t '''-' than ,eo yards, and when they had a river orTtL^o trt.U TL^f: hold their fire until within ninety yards count';r"H.'^'"'T "!f "'*' ''" ''''''''' °^^*^^'- '■" ^he character of the country He was forced to put his men at work building roads and I ! ransport service gave him much trouble, bullocks dying of the heat 1 t^ri'td^^T '^^'"f." TT'-' '■" p"'^"^-- ortircr' BATTLES AROUND MANILA. 681 The most brilliant exploit and the winning of the greatest American V ctory ,n the battles around Manila occurred on the 27th. The Va^fn'of wa" .?e n7 1 .' ''1 ^.T'^ '' ^^'""'P'* ^^' ^ ^^^ °' astonishing dalg It was the most strongly defended position held by the insurgents. Located on the north shore of the Rio Grande, opposite Calu„.pit.\ is the „tt valuable strategic point in Luzon. The fact that it was guarded by he "oft trustworthy and best disciplined regiments of General Aguinaldo mad the feat more noteworthy. Army officers said the daring displayed by the Amer.can troops was almost unparalleled in the annals of modern warfare Colonel Punston's Gallant Charge. romm Tru^nT" f ^ ^^^ '^' '^^^"^''^^'^ R^^g''"^"* of Kansas Volunteers comm nded by Colonel Funston. One hundred and twenty men beLn" ' to that regnnent crossed the river in the face of a deadly fire fron ..c^ a Maxim gun of which the msurgents had obtained possession. .ho T f ""''''"' ""'''' """"^y "'"^ "^^"' ""^'^'Sod the trenches manned by ments The Amer.can arfllery on the south shore of the Rio Grande poured shot and shell into the Filipino stronghold. The rebels wt^e am peded. They went to the north, toward Bacolor. Despite the extraordinary nsks and chances taken by the Americans our troops suffered veryTv^ aZ a It es. Only one man was killed, and the wounded do not exceed a dozen The insurgents ost heavily, fully twenty-five were killed during the mad charge of Colonel Funston's men on the trenches. In telling of the engagement, in order to give an adequate idea of the bravery of our troops, and the extraordinary character of their achievement >t IS necessary to describe the defense held by the Filipinos, and tl toTog.' aphy of the country. The bridge where the desperafe figluing took plac'e .s about a hundred yards long. It extends over the Rio Grande, and is the gaeway practically, to the entire northern portion of the Island of Luzon All the ties and rails had been removed from the structure, making italmos m,possib le to cross, as the men had to creep along the iron 'framework At the further end of the bridge, opposite Calumpit. were the most care- A^ constructed and formidable earthworks. They s'eemed almost tpre" nable. They were in the form of semi-circular trenches around the approach of the bridge. The trenches had roofs of steel rails. These roofs formed a p^ndid protection againsr hursting shelis. and for a time made the wo7k of the artillery almost futile. These earthworks extended for a long distance Tn either direction. They were evidently the work of many weeks A od 682 BATTLES AROUND MANILA. Spanish cannon was mounted near the railway, with its muzzle pointed south toward Calumpit. About 300 yards west of the railroad, on the north shore of the Rio Grande, a deep, narrow stream empties into the river. Beyond this stream are other trenches commanding the south shore of the river. The American forces occupied the south shore, within 400 yards of the insurgent earthworks. Larly m the morning the Filipinos began a steady fire from both their infantry and artillery. Most of it was directed upon the freight house where the Sixth Artillery guns were stationed. The Americans, however, returned such 3 heavy fire that the insurgents were obliged to keep beneath the cover of thei> earthworks. It was during this fire that Colonel Funston and his 120 Kansans per- formed the explo--^ of the day. They marched down to the river, a distance of 300 yards from the freight house, in plain view of the insurgents. Imme- diately the Filipino fire was directed upon the Kansas men. Colonel Funston and his men were prepared to cross the river so that they could make a flank attack upon the rebels in the trenches. Privates White and Trembly, of Com- pany D of the Kansas regiment, stripped ofif their uniforms, jumped into the nver and swam directly toward the Filipino breastworks. Almost immediately they drew the fire from the trenches of the insurgents, but evidently they had no been noticed by the insurgents at the end of the bridge. The latter were fully occupied by the artillery and infantry fire of the Americans. Great Bravery of Two Soldiers. When White and Trembly reached the shore they carried a rope to the beach, tiea it to an upright of the bridge, and by making a tremendous noise frightened the insurgents out. They had no arms, but they threw clods of dirt into the trenches and kept up such a terrific yelling that the insurgents thought a whole company was upon them. All this time Colonel Funston and his men on the south shore of the river kept up a steady fire, thereby protecting White and Trembly. Two more Kansans followed in a small boat with the clothes and rifles which had been stripped off by Trembly and White but the boat capsized. Its contents were lost and the two men in it were obliged to swim for their lives. Colonel Funston in the meantime followed on a raft with about 20 men Close behind h.m came two more rafts on which were 30 men. The appear- ance of this number revealed to the main force of the Filipinos the daring tr.ck which had been practiced upon them. Immediately they directed a wild fire toward the rafts. It was inefil-ctivc. As soon as Colonel Fun.lon reached the opposite shore with his 50 men he rushed down to the small BATTLES AROUND MANILA. 633 hZTe "'Htren'" "'° 'n' ^',° ''""'^' ^'°"^ ^oo yards from the railroad bridge His men were yelling like demons. They were oourinfr -^ f^rrifi. enfi^dmg fire into the main trenches of the insur'ge^ aTr^IllhVrall The Phihpinos became panic stricken. There was a regular stampede When Colonel Funston saw them running he searched for some pie to cross and m so doing got under the fire from several hundred Lur.ents who had retreated some distance from the smaller stream A Maxim p opened on them from a different direction, and this fire compelled U.em"o're tire. When the Maxim ceased the Filipinos returned. Finally Colonel Funston found a small boat, and, with Captain Orwig and eigh m^ crossed the small nver. and with this handful of volunteers 'charged'staight' in^ he heavy trenches held by the Filipinos. They chased the insurgent lu of oad theTan '"^m' '"' '^ *'^ ''""' ^°'°"^^ F"-*- reached the ri- road the Kansas and Montana troops began creeping across the bridge a bi. fi^M t^ Tl^'""'' ^'^ ^'^- '^^'y ^^^^ "°^'<=-d, however in LL hldred ofT^ '^^'"'"^ ^ long skirmish li'ne i>everal hundred of them prepared to advance. They appeared greatlv de morahzed, however. Two generals on horses galloped wfldly back anl forth endeavonng to restore order. They finally got the F.lipinos into fairl eood order as a sk.rmish line. Then generals could be seen by he Amerfcans SVoenedT 'r ^'^T' ^^ ^'^ ^'"^ '"-^^ ^^^^^ the KansTs Regi- ment opened fire from the position on the north bank of the Rio Grande The msurgents broke again. '-ranae. Following Up the Insurgents. The advance had just begun M'hen General Wheaton, who crossed the bndge among the first troops who had gone over under thi cover o7 Colonel Funston s men. ordered all available troops to attack the flying iLVgents As they retreated the Kansas and Montana regiments followed tiemwhte Colonel Funston ordered the Nebraska and the South Dakota reg nTenTs to :iZ Ttnir'l''7''^ '''''''''' ^^°'" ^---^ ^"^ Nebrfskatt rearh M V !u ' '°"^ ''"""•"^ ^^ht. The insurgents endeavored to reach Mmahn the next station on the railroad. The locomotives were v.s.be there w.th steam up. Some of the Filipinos succeeded in rrachL this tram, wh.ch steamed rapidly north. About thirty who were unable to ^ r . *»?'" ^"^"''"'''^ *° *^^ American lines under a flag of truce and sur- rendered. Many escaped through the woods. ^ ' burne^d'^'The'FT"'''* f !'°"' ^^« «^' °" ^^^ by the insurgents and was burned. The Fihpmos had evacuated the town before our troops reached it. , 684 BATTLES AROUND MANILA. The two batteries of artillery known at Manila as the " Mormons " be- came famous on account of their heroic exploits. Sturdy city men from • Pennsylvania, plainsmen from Nebraska, Kansas and South Dakota, and mmers and cowboys from Montana and Idaho, have all charged under the protection of the twelve guns of the Utah artillery, and the generals have taken pride in giving credit and promotion to its brave men. Utah Battery's Brilliant Achievements. There is special interest in the East, too, in the performances of this organization. Major Richard W. Young, the senior officer of the battalion. iG a graduate of Columbia University Law School, a West Pointer, and spent many years on Governor's Island as Judge Advocate of the Department of the East under General Hancock. Major Grant, Commander of the Second battery, was a graduate of the Canadian School of Artillery, and spent many years of his life in the East. Ut?h prepared in 1886 for the distinction that has now come to her by purchasing eight 3.2-inch modern field guns immediately after she was ad- mitted to the Union. At that time there was a large sum in the Treasury at Washington, the accumulation of many years' allowances for militia organi- sation. Tiiis, on the advice of Major Young, formerly an officer of the Filth artillery, the-, a lawyer in Salt Lake City, was used in the purchase of the cannon, and when the war began he was entrusted with the organization of three batteries of volunteers. Two of these were taken on the transports Colon and China on the second military expedition to Manila, embarking on June 15, 1898, and it was their fortune to be engaged in the first battle with the Spaniards. Four of the guns were posted to guard the advanced post of the American troops in front of Malate. Barely eight hundred yards in front of them were the Spanish trenches and forts, and only the Tenth Pennsylvania was near to support them. The handful of men at the guns had a memorable taste of war on the night of J 'ly 31st, when a tropical rain was flooding the trenches and shut- ting out everything from their sight. In the midst of the storm the Spaniards opened fire from their trenches, and soon a body of more than three thousand were charging on the guns and the Pennsylvanians. Captains Young and Grant and almost all the other officers of the bat- teries were with General Greene at Camp Dewey. The guns were in charge of Lieutenant Orrin M. Grow, who was barely twenty-seven years old. Sup- ported by the Penn.".ylvanians,the .nen held to their position, pouring shrapnel in the direction of the Spanish lines, and at one time seeing the faces of their BATTLES AROUND MANILA. 686 DuH^-n! f L i u ''^^"' ^"^''' "'^" ''f t'^*-' Utah batteries, who were pulhng the r guns through mud that reached the hubs of the carriages te. J" 'tLv ooenV/fi""'"; "' T" °' '""''' "=^' ^iVea to .he Utah b,.- Kiies. J hey opened fire early in the morning on the Spanish fort at Miht, r„rrt,f?r'"T~^^^^^^ sounded after the insurgent attack on the night of Februirv ^th th^ lu i re^n"r:^"^nr.r'"h^;t^ "■''"- ''""-" ^-- ZIZ rattI,W «' K Tu ^'^ '""■ •""" P''^" "^ ^'"i""' =""""" -'=" °" *= byl; tld ers the^'t/n"™^^^^ «""''°'" ^^''"=' ■■= "^y. "'"''==<' the Pas rRtvl Aft ", M "'■"'' P"'P=''<='' ""= ""y '"' *= ""ivance np comp'^;^wrMaio^rr„^fo^--^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ the fleet of gunboats which guarded the pT. ^P f ^ ^°"^"^^nd of H,» Ra„ ^.-ot • • , S^araed ttte l^asig River and swept around Laeuna de Bay, d,sorga„,z,„g the insurgents and later covering the landing of Lw! 686 BATTLES AROUND MANILA. tons expedition on the lake shore. From Caloocan to Calumpit insurgent works show evidence of the work of the Utah gunners. They were in the advance hne of MacArthur's troops, covering the advance with canister that shook the bravery of Aguinaldo's best troops. As a reward for his efficiency Major Young was offered a commission in the regular army. During the early days of the occupation of Manila he was judge of the provost court, and his name was recommended to President McKm ey for an appointment as lieutenant colonel in the Judge Advocate General's Department. Probably three-fourths of the men in the two batteries are Mormons. Many of them served their two or three years as missionaries for that Church and a Mormon chaplain was with the battalion. Major Young is a grandson of Bngham Young, and an elder and Mormon home missionary. Major Grant ,s a Gentile in Utah, in company with several of the brave officers in the battalion. There was no church feeling in the batteries, however. Spain Receives $20,000,000. Ambassador Cambon. as the diplomatic representative of the Spanish government m Washington, called at the State Department on May ist and received from Secretary Hay four warrants for $5,000,000 each, making $20,000,000, due to Spain under the treaty of Paris. There was little formality about the transfer of warrants. The Ambas- sador showed to .Secretary Hay his authority from the Spanish government to receive the money, and after the warrants had been handed him he signed four copies of a receipt. He retained one copy and another was sent to Mr. btorer, the newly appointed American Minister to Spain. A third was sent to Ambassador Porter, at Paris, and the fourth was sent to the Treasury Department to be filed. ^ This ended the details connected with the treaty of peace between our Government and Spain, and prepared the way for diplomatic relations to be resumed. The negotiations were conducted by Ambassadoi- Can-boo v.ith excellent judgment and tact, and his work was highly com-tien-ied AGUINALDO SUING FOR PEACE. of April 28^1,°^^ Jt^"'''' ''Z^'' °'P"*"""^ ^* Washington under date of April 28th. that the commanding general of the insurgents had received f^om the msurgent government directions to suspend hostihties pending nTgo t.at,ons for the termination of the war and that insurgent staff officers were on the way to Manila for that purpose. The text of General Otis's dispatch was as follows • ^.^'^^^^^^'"^r^^^"'"^''*' MacArthur's division crossed the Rio Grande enemv'h I "!, "' ^^ °'^'"^^-^' ''•'^'"^ '""^ concentrated forces of the enemy back on the railroad two miles. MacArthur reports that passage of he nver was a remarkable military achievement, the success of wS s due CO trol of r w, ^^^^^"^■■"^^■•- ^' Colonel Funston. under discriminatt control o General Wheaton. Casualties slight, number not yet ascertained. This morning chief of staff from the commanding general of insurgent forces entered our lines to express admiration of thelonderful felt of the S^ffoTceT'^ "I T'"? P'"'^' °^''^^ ""^•'' ^^'^'^ ^^^ th°"ght impossible. surLt . "P^'-^V. '""^"*' commanding general has received Lm in- :^^z::::7^T''' " ^-^^^-'^ '°^'"^^^^^ ^-'-^ -^^'^- ^- wherlhr^"''.-^"''"' T" '" '^'"^ '" ^i^'"!ty of Agnat. east of Calumpit ^fi-L I ""f 7 "PP'"' '° ^' ^'"^ to-morrow. Yesterday morning a force of fifteen hundred insurgents attacked troops at Taguig; driven back by Washington regiment. Our loss two killed, twelve wounded " ^ McKltv'lTpM Ii7.^'"T' ^'"^'^ i--ediately telegraphed to President McKinley at Philadelphia, who sent the following reply: "Otis Manila: Your message announcing the advance of MacArthur's division and the proposal of the insurgents for the suspension of hostili L r tu^f ".?■• 7'n'^'"' ^"' "^" ^'''''''' congratulations and gratitude for their signal gallantry and triumphs. "William McKinley." torn Ih 'h*''' '"^"'•S^"*\^^^^ undoubtedly tired of the war. the leaders were torn with dissensions. There was a s.,spicion that it was hoped by means of In nnn . *° ^7"'""^ ^^ Continuing the war, an armistice would afford them an opportunity for recuperating their demoralized forces. It is an interesting 687 688 AGUINALDO SUING FOR PEACE. commentary on Aguinaldo's scheme that only sixty of the three hundred members of the F.hpino Congress took the oath of allegiance which thei constitution required. A Filipino proclamation, replying to the proclamation of the American Commissioners appeared. It was signed by Madini for the President, and was dated at San Isidro April ,5. Written in the usual grandiose sty declared that President McKinley issued the proclamation in order to foi-ce p f."";""" ^''''Srcss to ratify the cession of the islands imder the treaty of 1 aris. Th,s contract of cession was made with the Spaniards after Spanish atsert" d'°" ''" '"''"' ^^ '^' "''°'' "' ""'• ^''""l^^'" '^^ Proclamation Aguinaldo's Troops Exhausted. The proclamation complained that the Filipinos wore not r.>presented at Pans durmg the negotiations of the treaty, and that they were without assur- ances of the fulfillment of American promises. It dilated upon the alleged Anglo-Saxon hatred of blacks, and asserted a desire to enslave them After deplonng a lack of foreign aid in prosecuting the war, the proclamation con- c uded : We stand alone, but we will fight to the death. Coming gener- at^>on,s w.ll pray over our graves, shedding tears of gratitude for their free- ^^r^.f '"rfu.;^'^ ^^^ conference with the Filipino leaders, President Schur- man, of the Ph.hppme Commission, said that the Filipino emissary began the conversatton with a strong plea for the independence of the natives of Luzon. President Schurman replied to Arguelles that he was unable to discuss the mdependence of the Filipinos. "i *°i,tr '■^"'"'''" '^'^ ^'■"''^""^ Schurman." that American sovereignty over the Philippines was an established fact, and for this reason I dechned to discuss any kind of a treaty. I also pointed out to Colonel Arguelles that the suspension of hostilities was a military matter which should be settled by the military officers, so I would have to decline to talk on that point Ar guelles seemed very much depressed at not being able to secure the independ- ence of the msurgents. He practically admitted that the resources of the men following Agumaldo were exhausted. He told me that the insurgents desired peace. He admitted that it should come on terms thoroughly honorable to America, but at the same time said the terms should not be made such as would be humiliating to the Filipinos. Colonel Arguelles claimed he con- sidered the unconditional surrender demanded by General Otis as most hu- mihating to his countrymen." President Schurman evidently did not think the terms demanded by Gen- eral Otis unjust. ^ /CaiNALDO SUING FOR PKACE, am pit, arnved in Manila i„ the afternoon of '!«,.» ,, , """■ *="'""'• 0.i» regarding ,«ace negotiation/ T^ 'lo,' ,1? A "u ''="""' San Isidro. ^ rt-portcd tliat Aguinaldo was at against the Spaniard in 180^0^.? ' '^ "'"''^^ ^ ^""^'^^^"1 «^-"d ments ],as demoralized 1 em a-^d 1 "'"/" ''""'""'"S their strong intrench- As totheemissaS:t nj b : HTVg ^"t^ ^^'^^ "^ ^''^ «^^^- that they desire to gain time Thel" 1 ^/,,^'"''^^ ^una, my opinion is tion of continuing tTewa o; n J/7m ^ n '^'"^ ^"^^ *° ^"'^""'^ ^'^^ q^es- leaders think tS " peseri,;™" ''"^'"■r^' """'"^ '" '^'-^>'- ^'-- be glad to receive IZZtlln'^ ^^^^^^^ I answered that I would with a proposition foTbXsuTrei"^^ chiefs provided they came could consider." surrender. These were the only terms that I Negotiations were Pruitloss. The Filipino officers attracted much attention Th«, Denby.a „.en,ber oV ^,,e til J^' ^■'^re "^^T"' '"' '='';t arrival of Filipino officers imH,,- » fl '■' '" '"^ P^'V' The news of the idly, and many officer Ten. to I, f •;■:? 'P™'' ""-""Sh the city rap- i. the square oppoStrrpaircf *" "'' ""'"= ^ """" "' "^*- 8="^-'' office^tfttrXt "TtrdidttS'T "f-^^--"-" ^>'A".eHcan talk with General Otis andft^ IXr of ,h P iCre'c" ' "^"" "' '""' was learned that the ne^otlnHnn. f , , ^'^'''PP'"e Commission, and it ^ Arguelles and^ Stld cl^eTo • 'thT tt^ '^^" ^'"°" ^^^" Luna, who had been requested bv Z m , ^^ represented General tion of hostilities in order toano^^^ 'u ' ^'"'''' "^""^ ^"'' ^ ^^-- Congress, which wouM decTde llth ^l" ''' --"-"ing of the Filipino Otis replied in effect that he did no ^T""^' ^^"'^^ P^^'^^" General ernment. Aguinaldo elttlyseec:^^: ^ '"''?" °'^ ^'""P'"" ^- hoping by subterfu.. to overcomfr '^f "'".T"'' ^ '^^^^^ ^^'^ ^i^ Congress, the Filipino government ''^ °'" '=°"^'^'^"* P^'''^^ -^ 'gnoring The Filipinos argued that it was impossible to arrange an armistice with- 690 AGUINALDO SUING FOR PEACE. out the sanction of the Congress. General Otis punctured this assumption by remarking that if Aguinaldo could make war without the Congress he could stop it without reference to that body. One of the conferees remarked after the meeting that the Filipinos were shrewder than white men in diplo- macy, as the Malays are credited with being. " General Otis." said President bchurman, in discussing this feature of the case, " is doing with brother Fili- pinos just what General Grant did to brother Americans at Appomattox " During the conversation Colonel Arguelles reiterated a dozen times the necessity of enabling the Filipinos to surrender without the loss of honor J'ag Con Diguidad" was the expression he so frequently used. President bchurman suggested what seemed to him a better emollient to the insurgents He said that if they surrendered immediately the commission would invite tliem to co-operate with it in proposing a form of {jovernment, which would be submitted to President McKinley. He promised that ii his sugg.<-tions wero followed out the views and representations of the Filipino leaders would be considered earnestly by the Commission. Professor Schurman assured Colonel Arguelles that the Commission desired to draft a scheme of government which would satisfy all legitimate aspirations of the Filipinos. To accept these proposals, he assured the insurgent officer, would bring peace with dignity, and also with influence to the insurgents. The members of the Commission said that thf« remarks of Colonel Arguelles which followed this proposition were the first obvious manifestations of weakness. While he demurred at the idea of an uncondi tional surrender, he evidently was taken greatly with what President Schur- man said in regard to the part the Filipinos would be permitted to take in the drafting of the new form of government. General Lawton Pushing Forward. While it was the general expectation among the Americans that the Filipino emissaries would return with revised proposals from General Antonio Luna, Major General Otis did not let this prospect interfere with his prepara tions for pushing the war. He ordered Major General Lawton to return to' Angat, a few miles northwest of Norzagaray, and not to advance aggressively while the negotiations were pending. General MacArthur was apparently acting on the same policy, but he was repairing bridges and strengthening the lines of his force, which stretched out with a four-mile front and within a quarter of a mile of the enemy. The possibilities of peace were gratifying to a great majority of the army, who regarded the war as an unpleasant duty that must be performed accord' ing to American traditions. Manila w.is cheerful over the prospect of a AGUINALDO SUING FOR PKACE. 691 would cnabc the msurgents to rest until the rainy season, upon which they wen^cpeiKhng as an .mportant aid. The prisoners report that there were the^r. '"' T^ °' ^"' ''"""^'" '^'"'^ '-^ "°* ''"i--'ble. considering he th.ckly populated reg.on which the Americans cleared. It was reported aisu that smai.-pox was spreading among them who Y^" ^^'^^'"C- Worcester, of the United States Philippine Commission, who accompanied he F.hp.no emissaries from Calumpit. said to Colone Manuel Arguelles that the Americans were under no oLligations to rt-frain from fightmg. the Filipino officer replied: "Would you fight while we a" discussmg terms of peace ? " / fe « »c wt, are .Wel'^^r'Tr^''"'^"'^ ^''^ '^' -suggestion that an armistice would give the Filipmo leaders time to escape. I'^an of Government Proposed. " My God ! where would we escape to ? " the Filipino exclaimed refer- ring m this to the menacing hostile tribes behind the Filipino lines. Colonel Arguelles sa.d that he was much disappointed in the results of his mission Allan" ^^"^"^''° ''''''''' "^'■"'"P'^ '^ '^ ^'- cemetery of the Lieutenant Colonel Wallace, of the First Montana Regiment; Major Acfams and Major Shields, who slept on the night of the /sth in Genera Luna s camp where they went to inform the Filipinos that their envoys would • eturn m safety found the Filipino commander cordial, the Filipino troops IIZ"ZT\ "' ''' '^'"'"^'"^ P^^^^^- '^''^ ^^^"'P'"°« complained to them that the Americans used explosive bullets, which is not the fact. The American officers retorted that the copper shells used by tho Filipinos are worse than explosive bullets. General Luna said he regretted ueing obliged to kill Americans, but that was his business. General Wheaton entertained Colonel Arguelles and Lieutenant Jose Bernal and provided them with horses to return to their camp. In the course of the conference Jacob C. Schurman. chairman of the United States Philip- pines Commission, told Colonel Arguelles that if the insurgents would now ay down their arms, he and his colleagues of the Commission would consult hem regarding the plan of government to be submitted to President McKin- T . fu^'i ^^ ^"""^^ "°* P''""''^ *^^* *" °f ^h^'*- suggestions would be adopted, but he could assure them that there would be a presumption in favor ot .heir suggestions, adding that the commissioners would be especially desir- ous of satisfying the legitimate aspirations of the Filipinos by granting anv reasonable requests. ^ ^ 692 AGUINALDO SUING FOR PKACE. Mr. Sclujrnian said : " I believe Colonel Arguellcvs is personally sincere and honest, though I have no means of ascertiining the sentiments and aims of tiie authorities behind him. The Filipinos people, like other Asiatic peo- ples, have no trust in mere words, without force behind them, but, with force, I consider a conciliatory spirit of the utmost importance. " I believe that, when peace has been established, governing the Filipinos will not be a difficult matter, provided we .show them firmness, justice and kindliness. At the present time they distrust and dislike us, but these senti- ments, which are, perhaps, not unnatural, will soon be dispelled by the effects of the good government we have promised to establish there. It will be the foremost duty of American ofificials to understand and .sympathize with the Filipinos themselves." Celebration of Dewey Day. May ist, the anniversary of Admiral Dewey's great naval victory in the harbor of Manila, was observed throughout the United States by a profuse display of flags, by public meetings in some places and by a brilliant naval parade in the waters of the Delaware at Philadelphia. The arrival of the Raleigh, one of Admiral Dewey's ships, at Philadelphia created much enthusiasm. The day was generally observed, and as an expression of the good will of the United States, President McKinley forwarded to Admiral Dewey the following cablegram : " On this anniversary of your great victory the people of the United States unite in an expression of afTection and t^ratitude to your- self and the brave officers and men of your fleet, whose brilliant achievements marked an epoch in history which will live in the annals of the world' , heroic tleeds. (Signed) "William McKinley." General Lawton's force was engaged in hard fighting early in the morn- ing of May 2d. He marched in a westerly direction on Balinag, where a large body of rebels was concentrated. General Hale started from Calumpit at daybreak with the Iowa and South Dakota regiments, and a squad of cavalry and two guns of the Utah battery in a northeasterly direction, to co-operate with the Macabcbees, who asked the Americans to arm them in order that they might fight the Tagals. The Macabebees had already organ- ized a company of Bolomen to guard the town. They brought Tagal prisoners to General MacArthur. Refugees reported that the Filipino army was deserting San Fernando and massing at Santo Tomas, where General Luna's headquarters were located, and that strong entrenchments were being constructed at the sides of the rail- way and on the swamp front, in the best positions possible. AGUINAIJK) SUING POR PF-.ACE. 6D3 Major Manuel Aiguelles and Lieutenant Jos6 Berr.al, of tlic staff of General Luna, returned to Manila to renew and urge the request of General Luna for a cessation of hostilities. They found their task a most uncongenial one. The two officers were received in conference by General Otis. The proposals which they had to submit difTcred but slightly from those which they brought from the Kilipino commander in the first place. They desired a little time in which to summon Congress, and expressed themselves as con- fident that the Congress would decree peace, because the people desired it. They represented that Aguinaldo was without power to surrender the army, and that the Congress must decide that question. Incidentally the Filipino envoys asserted that Aguinaldo had not yet made a fair test of his strength against the American forces, because >nly one-third of his army had been assembled together. The Disguise Thrown OflF. On May 4th there was a conference lasting two hours between Major General E. S. Otis and the envoys who came from General Antonio Luna bearing a proposal for a cessation of hostilities. General Otis adhered to his refusal to recognize the so-called government of the insurgents. The Fili- pinos then asked for a truce of threr- o onth to enable Aguinaldo to summon the Congress and consult with the insurgent leaders or others of the islands. The envoys admitted the contention of General Otis that Aguinaldo had little control over affairs outside of the island of Luzon. The Filipino envoys tlicn abandoned the pretense under which they came to General Otis that they represented General Antonio Luna, and announced that they came as representatives of Aguinaldo himself The two emissaries used all their wiles to secure a reply from General Otis to the letter from Senor Mabini, Aguinaldo's Prime Minister and Minister of For- eign Affairs in the dictator's Cabinet, which they presented to General Otis on May 3d ; but General Otis refused to make any reply on the ground that to do so would be equivalent to a recognition of the so-called government of the Filipinos. Major Arguelles said that Aguinaldo knew he would be overpowered in time, but that he would be able to continue the fight for months, and that he would do so unless he were given peace with dignity. By filling in the roads where it was required, putting canoes on the rivers and plowing fields south of Malolos, the American army was put in a fine position for a decisive blow. General MacArthur moved his headquarters to San Vicente across the Rio Grande. General Wheaton's brigade" advanced beyond Apalit. General Hale returned to co-operate with General Lawton. il 694 AGUINALDO SUING FOR PEACE. On May 5th, Major General MacArthur carried San Tomas, after en- countering a strong resistance. In spite of the peaceful overtures of their commissioners, the Filipinos vigorously resisted the advance of General MacArthur's division from Apalit towards San Fernando, fighting desper- ately at long range after running from trench to trench when driven out by the American artillery. The movement commenced at half-past five in the morning. General Hale's brigade advanced along the road a few miles west of the railway line. General Wheaton, with Hotchkiss and Gatling guns, under the command of Lieutenant Naylor, of the Utah Light Artillery, mounted on hand cars, pushed ahead. Strong Resistance from the Insurgents. Both brigades met with resistance simultaneously on approaching the river near San Tomas, which is about eight kilometers from Apalit. The centre span of the railroad bridge had dropped into the river, and the rebels had only left a small force to check General Wheaton, their main body lining the strong trenches in front of General Hale, Although the attacking force poured a very heavy artillery and musketry fire across the river, the enemy stubbornly resisted for over an hour, ultimately breaking when Major Young shelled their left flank, and then retreating along the river bank under cover. So soon as they discovered that the nature of the country would permit only a few skirmishers on each side of the embankment, the rebels regained their courage and fought desperately for three-quarters of an hour, in the face of the American volleys and a rapid-fire fusillade, until flanked by the Montana Regiment. Then a general scramble ensued, most of the enemy boarding trains that were in readiness and the others taking the road to San Fernando, after burning the villages of San Tomas and Minalin. About noon General Wheaton crossed the broken bridge, cleared the stragglers out of the villages and advanced towards San Fernando. General Hale effected a crossing simultaneously, after a slight delay necessary to repair a stone bridge. After a short rest the advance was continued, General Wheaton en- countering the first series of entrenchments near San Fernando. The rebels now opened a" hot fire. Colonel Funston, of the Twentieth Kansas, was wounded, one lieutenant was killed and four were wounded while leading four companies of the Kansas Regiment to outflank the enemy. General Hale pushed along the road, flanking the trenches. AGUINALDO SUING FOR PEACE. 696 On May 17th General Lawton's advance guard, under Colonel Summers, of the Oregon troops, took San Isidro, the insurgent capital, at 8.30 o'clock A.M. Colonel Summers's command, consisting of the Twenty- second In- fantry on the left, the Minnesota Regiment in the centre and the Oregon and North Dakota Regiments on the right, preceded by scouts and accompanied by Scott's Battery of Artillery, advanced from Baluarte at daylight. The troops first encountered the enemy two miles from San Isidro. The rebels retired when our artillery opened fire. Just outside the town a rebel force estimated to number 2,000 men was entrenched. It made a slight resistance, but evacuated its position when our troops turned its right flank. The enemy's loss was fifteen men killed and twenty wounded. Our troops also captured three prisoners and many rifles. On the American side one soldier of the Oregon Regiment and one of the Minnesota Regiment were slightly wounded. After capturing the town, Colonel Summers' troops continued the advance, pursuing the retreating rebels for several miles. The expedition under Major Kobbe, of the Third Artillery, consisting of the Seventeenth Infantry, a battalion of the Ninth and one battery of the First Artillery, left Calumpit at daybreak on the i;th, marching from Rio Grande to join General Lawto' .'s division at Arayat. A flotilla of cascoes loaded with supplies also proceeded up the river. The forces were conveyed by the gunboats under Captain Grant. Natives Return to their Homes. Although the rebels still threatened San Fernando in considerable force, large numbers of natives, a majority of them being families with their house- hold goods, returned to the town inside the American lines, at Apalit espec- ially. Many of the richer Filipinos came to Manila and laborers resumed work in the rice fields. The latter showed their respect for American sover- eignty by removing their hats to the passing trains. Owing to the bad con- dition of the wagon roads the work of repairing the railroad was actively pushed. All the broken bridges were trestled. At daylight on the 17th Lieutenant Hill, who, with twenty-five men 01 the Fourth Infantry, was concealed in the trenches near Pasig, was attacked by a force of rebels, who evidently imagined they could capture one of our outposts, because only a few shots had been fired by the American force. A few volleys put the enemy to flight, the rebels losing five men killed and a number of wounded. The army gunboat Napingdan returned to Manila from the lake, having been disabled by a cannon shot from a rebel position near Santa Cruz, which broke her rudder-post. 696 AGUINALDO SUING FOR PEACE. The following dispatch had been received at the War Department at Washington on the 17th : " Situation as follows : Lawton, with tact and ability, has covered Bulacan Province with his column, and driven insurgent troops northward into San Isidro, second insurgent capital, which he captured this morning ; is now driving enemy northward into mountains. " He has constant fighting, inflicting heavy loss and suffering ; few casualties ; appearance of his troops on flanks of enemy behind entrench- ments thrown up at every strategic point and town very demoralizing to the insurgents, and has given them no opportunity to reconcentrate scattered troops. Kobbe's column, with gunboats, proceeding up Rio Grande. " Otis." The dispatch of General Otis regarding the capture of San Isidro by General Lawton, and his forcing of the scattered insurgent ranks into the mountains, was so pleasing to Mr. McKinley that he immediately sent his congratulations to General Lawton in the following telegram : " To Otis, Manila : Convey to General Lawton and the gallant men of his command my congratulations upon the successful operations during the past month resulting in the capture this morning of San Isidro. "William McKinley." Resignation of Aguinaldo's Cabinet. The members of Aguinaldo's Cabinet tendered their resignations on May 3d. Coupled with the various resignations was the unanimous recom- mendation that Mabino be retained as Secretary of State. The Filipinos claimed that the motive of this wholesale resignation was to leave Aguinaldo at liberty to appoint a new Cabinet if desired. Aguinaldo, in answei' to the resignations, sent a message to the House of Representatives of the so-called Filipino Government and said that he was satisfied with the personnel of the present Cabinet. Then he followed with a long resume of the situation. The following are extracts of the statement which Aguinaldo sent to the Filipino Legislature : " You are obliged to inaugurate your difficult task at the moment of greatest anguish to the country ; when the guns of the enemy do not respect either life, honor or public interest. The representative of the American Government brought us from Hong Kong with promises that he would aid in the reconquest of this country's lost liberty. Fortunately the people, anticipating my desires, had thrown off the yoke of Spanish dominion with- out foreign aid. AGUINALDO SUING FOR PEACE. 697 "Trusting in the honesty of the Americans, and recognizing that our easy triumph was partly due to their destruction of the Spanish fleet, I have. obtained the friendship of those representatives by assuring them that the Filipinos preferred an alliance with America to any other nation. Unfor- tunately my efforts encountered their pretension, which was as inconceivable as it was firm, that I should be subservient to their orders. My negative answer induced them to decline to recognize our government." Aguinaldo, in continuing his address to the Legislature, accused the au- thorities at Washington with precipitating the present hostilities without warning and without declaring war because President McKinley believed the sentiment of the people of America was going rapidly against the acquire- ment of the Philippines. He acknowledged the superiority of arms, of dis- cipline and of the numbc of the American forces. The . aiio Oommander Praises his Troops. The Filipino soldiers received warm praise in the address for their bra- very in maintaining the unequal struggle, as follows : " I am deeply moved by such an exhibition of virtue and patriotism. I am convinced that I should not be permitted to abuse the generous sentiment of these unfortunate people any longer, or continue to extend the strife and their sacrifices, unless it is absolutely necessary. I have solicited the mem- bers of the American Philippine Commission for a temporary but not general suspension of hostilities. I did this in order to secure time in which to allow the Filipinos to consider the sad situation and debate upon the guarantee of liberty which might be offered by our enemies, but the Americans refused to consider without previous unconditional submission to their orders. Our efforts were all against any such plan, which would oblige us to recognize their sovereignty with no guarantee except their promise of liberty. " I am now fully convinced that our arms constitute the sole means of gaining our a pirations. I believe this because for the fulfillment of the pro- mises made by the "merican Government, it is necessary that a formal agree- ment be drawn up between the Filipinos and the Americans. This agree- ment must be approved by the American Congress. No such document ex- ists, nor will the Americans give the Filipinos time to draft one conformable with our desires and customs. Therefore it is evident they desire to fulfill the promises they have made only when it is convenient for them. " It would be cruelty for us to submit with such indiscretion and abandon our defenseless people to the merciless foreign guns and cannon which would vomit their greatest abuses upon us after we had relinquished our arms. You will understand there is no other recourse for me than to 698 AGUINALDO SUING FOR PEACE. maintain this strueele till dpu > t > .. -.t. .• ,^1,- c , ., '^ ^' ^ rest with the assurance that we will •adueve a fina tnumph, which will be the more brilliant on accounrofThe terrible obstacles we will have to overcome. Providential events unforeseen may change the outcome of this struggle in a single instance." n,.nf . r' '"'"T"'' '""'■" disintegrated and demoralized was perfectly manifest. General Lawton, who was pushing the line of the rebef retread atsfn M- T T' ';"^ ''^ ^'^^^"^^' ^^'"^^ ^' '-^ advices was res'n, at San Miguel northward about twelve miles, took San Isidro the second in surgent capital, and when Otis' dispatch was sent was stm press "the" enemy northward. The fact that he was sustaining few losses inTs ofwl movement, although in almost continual contact wUh the enemy wa anoTher proof of their utter demoralization. ^' More Rumors of Peace. It was predicted that it would soon be the mountains or the sea for the msurgents. A. our troops could be transported by sea to the mouth of the Agno and a new base of operations established there, it would be folly for them o take that course. Scattered, demoralized and disheartened Tt was a Imos': certain that the rebels in desperation would retreat into the fH'e o the mountains, where they would keep up a guerilla warfare indefini e "^ * until their leaders came to their senses. General Otis cabled the War Department on May i8th that representa- rves of Aguinaldo were seeking terms of peace. He said the forces of the ms^urgents were scattering in the mountains. Following is General Otls's " Representatives of insurgents' cabinet and Aguinaldo in mountains twelve miles north San Isidro, which abandoned 1 5th fnst. ; will send in com mission to-morrow to seek terms of peace. "Majority of force confronting MacArthur at San Fernando has retired t:^:^!^'''"''''''''''-^^ '''' ^-^- decreased to about K hK ^'°';l'"^r'"''" "^l"^ detachments moving to-day in various directions Kobbe with column, at Candava, on Rio Grande. Great majority of inhab -' tants of provinces over which troops have moved anxious for peace sup- ported by members insurgent cabinet. Aspect of affairs at present favo;able. T c u . " Otis." Two Spanish prisoners, who arrived here from Nueva Ecika, said Aguin- aldo had lost prestige with the rebel army whirb ,v.h= dcc-ied a- b ' completely demoralized, short of food, suffering from diseascs,"afraid' of'ihe Anericans. and rapidly dissolving into armed bands of pillagers. AGUINALDO SUING FOR PEACE. 699 On May 24th thirty Filipinos were killed and over sixty wounded in the battle between the American forces and the insurgents, one mile north of San Fernando. The Americans lost one man. Twelve of our troops were wounded. The insurgents made the attack. About 9 o'clock the Filipinos opened fire upon the outposts of General MacArthur's command. The American scouts fought bravely, and held the natives back until they were reinforced by troops from San Fernando. General MacArthur, at the head of two battalions of the Montana Regiment, and General Funston, leading two battalions of the Kansas Regiment ; two guns from the Utah Battery one Hotchkiss and one Gatling gun hurried to the assistance of outposts. Insurgents Caught in a Trap. The insurgents were occupying the trenches which they had previously vacated at the fall of San Fernando. The Kansas troops deployed to the right, while the Montana soldiers went to the extreme left. The art-llery was left in the centre of the line. The Filipinos made an obstinate resistance Finally they attempted to retreat, but found themselves flanked by the Kansas troops. General Funston charged his men and drove the insurgents right over into the fire of the Montana volunteers. Finally they escaped from this fearful fire, but they left their dead and wounded where they had dropped on the battlefield. Beside the killed and wounded ninety were made prisoners while over 100 stands of arms were captured, having beeu dropped by the natives in their wild flight from the Americans' fire. An engagement the preceding evening, in which an escort, composed of parts of the Third and Twenty-second Infantry, covered the operation of signal corps men between San Miguel snd Balinag, indicated that the in- surgents were returning in the wake of General Lawton's command to their former positions. In this running fight one American was killed and one officer and fourteen privates were wounded. Twenty insurgents were captured and many were killed The Filipino Peace Commissioners left Manila the next day and returned to the rebel lines to make their report to Aguinaldo. President Schurman said that the visiting commissioners expressed themselves as pleased with their reception and with the friendly attitude of the American authorities. At a seven-hour session the American peace proposition was discussed by the insurgent representatives and the American Commissioners. The Filipinos were non-committal as to their opinion of the terms offered them. An old resident of Manila, who was familiar with the conditions which existed among the natives of the island declared that, in his opinion, nothing definite would result. 700 CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE INSURGENTS. The opening of a new and vigorous campaign against the insurgents wi. tZTutir ^""' r- 7^ "'^^"^^ °^ Caintf on'the 3rd wa: fXw td^ - the 4th by ^,e occupafon of Antipolo after a running fight between the force o General Hall and the insurgents lasting nearly twenty-four hours, the ebe bnng forced to retreat by the gallant charges and well directed fire o the Amencan troops. The a.t.lle,y played an important part in the battle our guns shelbng the jungie wh.ch concealed the rebels and'inflictirg heavy loss The pos.t,on of the American troops at night indicated thai they ^-oud de Bay where the '"surgents were supposed to have a large force, near the town of ^^.rong. as well as the battery on the western shorf of the ^enTnsula which smashed the propeller of the gunboat Napidan. P^^^'^sula, The original plan was to surround the forces of General Pio del Pilar so ne italle'V?"'' '° ''' ""^""^ P^"'"^"^^' ^""^'^ "P^"- -"^^ ^ave been inevitable. This was not a coniplete success, because General Hall's column found the country full of handicaps to marching. There were several streams to be bndged or forded, and the troops frequently floundered through mo s's wa.st deep m mud. an experience which, under the terrific sun. exhausted the An,encans qu.te beyond endurance. Most of General Pio del Pinar's follow s^'ronlVnir^t '° ^ave escaped northward, probably reaching Bosoboso. a stronghold m the mountains. Ran Aground in the Shallows. Colonel Wholley. havmg succepsfully completed his share of the move- men. brought the Washington regiment to the river Pasig, where about mid- night the men embarked upon cascoes and started for their destination under the convoy of the gunboats. ' They encountered a repetition of the experience undergone by almost aZndTn r ^u '"'"P'"u^ '° ^"'" ^^^""^ '' ^^y' - ^he boats wen aground m the shallows at the mouth of the river and were detained there several hours. Major General Lawton. in the meantime, was indefatigable ridmg from one force to another and supervising the loading of the cascoes* without sleep for two nights. ^ cascoes. General Hall's column, which assembled at the water works or pumping O l"n V T I ^"^' -dercover of a moonless sky. consisted of the' Second Oregon Volunteers, who marched to the point of rendezvous from the city barracks ; a battahon of the Second Wyoming Regiment, four troops of the Fourth Cavalry^one mounted on the big American horses whir'-, so impressed the natives, the others unmounted-two battalions of the Fourth Infantrv one battalion of the Ninth Infantry, the first six companies of the FiS-' CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE INSURGENTS. 70. rado Regiment, and two n^ountain pnns Th« ^ n , , blankets and lay upon the wejg as! fo a lt\ Y "■'=""=l>'« '" "'-r At A „V1 1 , ^ ^ ''" """"■* under a drizzling rain At 4 o clock on the morninB of the )H tl,.„ r,. """"g rain, Mateo river and about noon easilv re„,l„V i '^u ^''" '° ""^^ *= San twelve miles east of ManT betlee,! M ' '^' ''""'' "' ""■•"■"<" ^t""" regiment, the cavalry, tlrlinerra'dftTFr'tr,' r""'"""" ^'^ ^'S™ .ask, driving the insurgents ll^'^^ The h,irXih?'Zr'7''''11""' a=,-a^e-;t::ri;::^»Brlrr gon regiment moved across a wpf <=ncrrT„ • . ,'°/"^""'s- Then the Ore- the hills, where it ^^slllT^^:,^^^^^^^ " ^^^^"f ^ °^^^^' ^^^^ When the Oregonians were wit) WnK T •? ^^ """'"^ ^^'^ concentrated, opened a heavy Tre tie A^ ', "^''^ °^ '^^ P°^'^'°"' ^^e Filipinos rapidly. "^ ' '""" ^""^"'^"^ "-^P^y'"^ -"^ Pressing forward more Insurgen^.3 Fleeing In a Panic. the hr:„\::7,tSo?;„7;r ^ ^^.^^ -^^^ -"---^ -- ^^e crest of opened upon them and ttellLlth T" ""T '""^^^^^ ^^^^" ^^e artillery edly cau 'ng great loss "f Thf h k"' °'' ^" "°""^ *'^^-' ""^-bt": n^usKetry wL'maintaled L tarl Ll^n W "a^ '' V ^"^'^^ ^"' *^^ could be seen on the hills and nn7. cf . /' ^' "^^"^ "°* ^ Filipino was intense and the to 'suffered 1 H T 'T ''' P°"^'°"- ^he heat a battahon of the Twelfth Infantry, two gun, of "cott^Ba^r ?'^'"""'' of scouts under Major leisenbergir leff sln P i J '"'"'' " P^'*>' after forcing the river pivTdvafL ^r *° "'"" °" *= 3rd, and Hall approached thltown ffomThe TT ""'"' C^'"'^. "hile General CovadoTga and ctrcZ^rtilg iXr;'^"'™' '"^ ^""^°=" ''^P''^-- Plan r rCd^ oerrs:„Tin^e?iLT:r at^^^^^^^^^^ i%rr;riX:-:e?t!th^^^^^^ cut then, behind the army, even within the AlerlTa'ntes ^^ '""''''''"' lieneral Hall's column in the movement udoi, H„ m • , completed a circuit of twenty mi'es over rm.lh Th "^ Penmsul, having two engagements wid^t"' nlrgen.^ofe o" theTr'T '"■'"""■ an almost constant fire against scat.ere^d bandTXtt r^krlX^nt^^ 702 CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE INSURGENTS. four hours from 4 o'clock on the morning of the 3rd. when the column left the pumping station. The Filipinos were d. .en in every direction, and the country through which General Hall passed was pretty thoroughly cleared. At 10 o'clock on tlie mornmg of the 4th. the column reached a point a few miles from Tay Tay. where General Hall was met by General Law^on, who had already entered the town and found it deserted. General Hall's objective point wa^ Ant.polo ten miles off, and there was desultory firing all along the line o"; march. The gunboats could be heard shelling the hills in advance of the column. The column, after driving the rebels from the foothills near Mariachino with a loss of but two or three slightly wounded, proceeded with all possible haste toward Laguna de Bay, the Fourth Cavalry in the lead, the Oregon Regiment next and the Fourth Infantry last. At 5 o'clocl- on the 3rd these three regiments fought their second battle of the day, and k resulted, like the he first ,„ the complete rout of a large Filipino force located in the moun- tains and having every advantage of position. Our Troops Poured in a Hot Fire. In this fight the American loss was four killed—three of the Fourth Cavalry and one Oregonian— and about fifteen wounded. The Filipino loss could not be ascertained, but the terrific fire which the Americans poured into them for half an hour must have inflicted severe punishment. In this engagement our troops made one of the most gallant charges of the war and the enemy was forced to flee in the greatest disorder. It was the intention to press on to . ntipolo at night, but this was found impossible, owing to the two fights and the constant marching for more than twelve hours, with nothing to eat . .ce morning and no supply train in sight The troops, moreover, suffered from the intense heat, many being prostrated and all greatly exhausted. Consequently, they bivouacked for the night on the second battlefield. The cavalry, the Oregonians and two companies of the Fourth Infantry had just crossed a small creek about 5 o'clock on the afternoon of the vd and entered upon a sunken road, from which they were emerging upon a small valley surrounded on all sides by high and heavily wooded hills, when the rebels, concealed in the mountains on the three sides of the plain opened a hot fire and sent showers of bullets into the ranks of the Americans The latter deployed immediately in three directions. Then followed a charge across the rice fields and ditches and up the hill- si..es, from which the shots c.me all the time pouring in a terrific hail, while CAMPAIGN AGAINST THli INSURGKNTS. 703 the air resouncicd with the constant rattle of musketry. The Fourth Cavalrv bang .„ front, suffered the severest loss when the attack opened two of th killed being sergeants and the other a private. . wo 01 ineir The natives were unable to stand the vigorous firing of the Americans ong and at the first sign of their wavering the cavalry. Oregoni'n and ^' ^°- '^^"-1-- °f the N nfh nfX part of the Nebraska Volunteers and Scott's guns of Dyer's Battery ThT orce under the command of Colonel Whalley, joined General HaH in th attack on Ca.nta. It later moved its position near to Taytav ->nd waited H,' until General Hall struck Antipolo when it took Tayta/;ithouMo s ' N^ exceedingly hard, owing to the difficult road and the intense heat. 704 CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE INSURGENTf^. At daybreak on June loth, a force of 4.500 men. under Generals Lawton Wheaton and Ovenshinc, advanced from San Pedro Macati. sweeping the country between the Bay of Manila and Bay Lake, south of Manila By noon U:e country had been cleared almost to Paranaque. The Americans lost .wo officers killed and twenty-one soldiers wounded. The rebels resisted des- pcrately at the stronger of their positio.is, and left fifty dead in the trenches Many more wounded were left behind by the rebels in their retreat. The heat during the day was ov rpowering, and there were many prostrations of Ameri- can soldiers from that cause. General Lawton's force consisted of two battalion , of Jie Twenty-first and Nmth Infantry, six companies of the Colorado volunteers and a detach- ment of artillery. The Nevada Cavalry was under General Wheaton, and the rhirteenth and Fourteenth Infantry, the Fourth Cavalry and a detachment of hght artillery were under General Ovenshine. Drawn Up in Line for the Combat. It was scarcely dawn when the troops, in a long, silent procession, wound up the hillside behind the American trenches and formed a skirmish line Concealed in the jungle the advance rebel outposts fired a few shots before being seen. The opposing forces occupied two ranges of crescent- shaped hills. The artillery, the Colorado Infantry and the Nevada Cavalry swung around the hill-top on the left and opened the battle at 6.30. The rebels made no response from the hills, and the Colorado men cautiously advanced through the thick grass until they were confronted by a trench, from which a few weak volleys were fired. A spirited response followed, and a charge into the trench found it to be deserted. In the meantime part of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Infantry Regi- ments formed in skirmish line, extending a mile to the right, and, supi)orted by the rest of the regiments, swept down the valley and up the hillside toward another trench. Approaching through the morass seriously hampered the Fourteenth, and the rebels, taking advantage of this, poured a galling fire upon them for thirty minutes. The Fourteenth was twice compelled to with- draw for the purpose of finding a safe crossing in the swamp. Finally the t.ench was enfiladed on both flanks. The rebels fled to the woods and sus- tained severe loss. General Lawton then pushed his entire command south, through the centre of the Isthmus until a few miles south of Paranaque, when he swuns^ around :ind halted on account nf the heat. Gtieral Wheaton's brigade moved in a column down the west shore of als Lawton, .keeping the Ian i la. By cricans lost esistcd des- le trenches. t. The heat s of Ameri- wenty-first a detach- )n, and the ichment of ion, wound rniish line, ots before ?nt-.shapcd ng around i made no \ through few weak the trench itry Regi- sup[)orted df toward pered tlic ailing fire i to with- inally the and sus- ough the e swun;^ shore of CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE INSURGENTS. 705 Laguna de Bay. After marching some miles in this order Whcaton's troops stretched out in a long skirmish line, swinging towards Paranaque and Las Pinas. The brigade under General Ovenshine advanced between General VVheaton's brigade and Paranaque, joining Wheaton just before he entered Paranaque. General Whcaton's advance over barren country was slow and accompanied with great suffering to the men. The land traversed was high and hilly, devoid of vegetation, and the blazing sun made the sandy soil terri- ble to march over. Iksides. the insurgents constantly hara.ssed the soldiers from the trenches located on the crests of the hills, from which they fired on the Americans and inflicted considerable loss. The Colorado Volunteers led the advance of General VVheaton's brigade. The march was a constant succession of gallant charges up the hillsides in the face of a galling fire, only to find each time that the insurgents h-id retreated to the next hilltop l.efore the Colorado men reached them. These tactics were repeated time and again. Sharp Tactics of the Enemy. In one instance the Filipinos resorted to a clev-r deception. The Ai"eri- cans were lured into the trap, and, as a consequence, were subjected to a severe cross-fire for a time. The insurgents had placed a lot of damp straw in what the Americans supposed was a trench along one of the hilltops. The straw was set on fire and the thin line of smoke fooled the Americans into thinking that the trench was full of Filipinos, and that the smoke came from their rifles. The Americans made a dash for the supposed trench and poured volley after volley into the position. In the meantime the Filipinos, hidden in another trench, were subjecting the Americans to a galling fire. When the Americans discovered the hoax and started for the trench in which the ins-r- gents were hidden the Filipinos retreated in safety. During the advance, before the conjunction of the two brigades, many insurgents succeeded in passing through the American lines. They 'subse- quently attacked the stragglers and the signal rorps in the rear of the general advance and caused much annoyance. The Fourteenth Infantry, of General Ovenshine's brigade, met with strong opposition from a band of Filipinos, which was in a large and strongly- constructed trench. The Americans were repulsed in their first and s<-cond attempts to capture this trench, but the third time they dashed up to the breastwork and gained possession of it, but most of the insurgents succeeded in making their escape. The most exciting incident of the day was the flank attack made upon 706 CAMPAIGN AGAINST TJIK INSURGKNTS. General Wheaton's troops. The Americans were approaching Manila Hw about a m.le .south of Las Pinas. for the purpose of completing the scnicfe' w.tn their respect, c staffs, were m advance. In the following column were a troop of Fourth Cavalry, the Colorado Volunteers and the ^^nth InLly On approach... ,r Zapote River the advance guard met a suddc and fierce fire from across the stream. The Colorado men hurriedly forme a ^ l„ ^ izfr' '':^"' °' ^'f "'''■ ^h"^' '-^"-tion was thus di ec ed o 1 : o ce across the nver. the American officers were amazed to observe t"; nsurgents had thrown out a long skirmish line 600 yards to the left As fierce fire. The Amer.can l.ne was between two fires, because all this t.n.e the rebels across the river were keeping up an incessant firing on our troops Overtaken by a Pear/ul Storm. Two guns trom the artillery were hurried out. They began to shell the insurgent hnes, and the Filipinos, who had made the flan'k aftack rc^ I t d They ran towards the lake, thus escaping f,o.n the semi-circles of American troops wh,ch had been drawn around Las Pinas and Paranaque. and" o keepmg m a pos.t.on where they would be able to attack the A.nericans from d Jnlhr''i°'''°'''^ ^"T-" '^"'"''' ""'' '^' ^'■""P^ bivouacked there Satur ■ day n.ght sleep.ng on the.r arms in an open field. During the night a fear- ful ra.n-storm came up. The Americans were shelterless. All mght long the .nsurgent bugles could be heard in Las Pinas. Those shrill blasts mark d the departure of the Filipinos from that village before the only avenge of etreat was cut off^ A big band of insurgents in the rear of the Amer can hne began a der.s.ve yelling about midnight. Frequently, above the o h^ tt^^n^pL^^^^^^^^^^ ''-'''' '' " ^'- '- ^--^^- -'^P^- " (H"-H f. Early next morni.ig the troops effected a crossing over the Zapote River and marched mto Las Pinas. Hundreds of the inhabitants were found thi e peaceably attend.ng to their affairs and all professedly friendly to the Ameri- cans. There were scores of young men of soldier age, but in civilian dress who watched ,n s.lence the Americans enter the town. They offered no resistance, and being apparently friendly were not molested. The Monadnorl- assisted the soldiers by shelling Paranaque before the troops entered the. village. ^ r...^,T"" ^'■'"l'''f '^"' '^'' ^"'P''"" **'°°P''' ""-berin,. 2.000. com- manded by uencrai Norils, Had withdrawn toward Bacoor the day before. CAMI'ArGN AGAINST TfrK INSURC.KNTS. 707 General I awton's forces had an all-clay battle with the insi.rKonts at Las P,na.s on une ,3th. He called out the whole force of 3.000, but at 5 clock was only able to push the i.isurgents back 500 yards to the Zapote R.ver. where they were intrenched. The insurgents resisted desperately and aggressively. Ihey attempted to turn the leK flank of the American troops. 1 lie American loss was conservatively estimated at sixty. General Lawton unexpectedly stirred up one of the liveliest engagements of the war south of Las Pinas. when he made the attack. The Amcricn co1itir"''H '"^T' '" ^'^^'fi-^"^'!'-^ duel against a Filipino battery concealed m the jungle. Companir F and t of the Twenty first Infantry were nearly surrounded by a large be d> .f insu.^jents, but the Americans cut their way out with heavy loss. The United States Turret ship M aJaock. and the gunboats Helena and Zafiro trained their batteries on Uakoor and the icb. ! trenches near La, 1 mas all the morning. Kakoor was once on fire, but the natives stopped the spread of the flames. During the night an insurgent cannon was fired three times at the Americans on the outskirts of the Las I'inis General Lawton took a battalion of the Fourteenth Regiment and two companies of the Tvventy-first Regiment to locate the rebel battery, and then two guns of the Sixth Artillery and four mountain guns were planted against ■ t at 600 yards distance. The rebels had a large gun. from which they were firing home-made canister loaded with nails, and two smaller guns. Fighting under Difficulties. Their shooting was most accurate. The first lot of canister burst directly m front of Scott s guns, and another shattered the legs of a private in the Fourteenth nfantry. Several shots struck the edge of the town. The coun- try raversed was as bad as it is possible to imagine, being mainly lagoons, mud and water fringed with bamboos. J' b . As soon as the fighting opened the Americans were attacked by hidden riflemen on all sides, even the Amigos.or "friendly" natives, in the houses of the town .shooting into their rear. The companies of the Twenty-first, skir- mjshing along the beach, with Amigo guides, found apparently a handful of rebels who retreated. The men of the Twenty-first followed, and suddenly the rebels opened a terrific fire on the troops from the sides and rear. The soldiers withdrew to the water's edge, finding what shelter they could, and were picked off rapidly. After their ammunition was nearly exhausted, the companies of the Twenty-first retreated, but General Lawton dashed down and rallied the men. A little group made a desperate stand, General Lawton, Major Starr and 708 CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE INSURGENTS. Lieutenants Donovan and Donnelly taking rifles from the wounded men and firmg at the enemy, bringing down some of the rebel sharpshooters from a tree. Fmally their cartridges were all gone and they were forced to break through the enemy's flank, carrying the wounded to the main body of the troops. Lieutenant Donovan, whose leg was broken, floundered for a mile through a bog, after leading his men in the face of a greatly superior force. General Lawton ceased fighting until reinforcements could be brought up. Two battalions of the Fourteenth Regiment and one battalion of the Nmth Regiment were hurried to the front, and in the afternoon the battle was resumed. The Monadnock anchored close to the shore and her heavy guns pounded the rebels continuously, while the smaller warships, steaming along the shore, poured bullets from their rapid-fire guns at the enemy. The Filipino force engaged appears to have been the largest and best organized body of men which had met our troops. The Americans were compelled to advance along narrow roads and over small bridges commanded by earthworks ten feet thick. At daylight the rebels at Cavite Viejo dropped two shells from a big smooth-bore gun mounted in front of the church into the navy yard. The only damage done was splintering the top of the huge shears on the mole. The gunboats Calao, Manila and Mosquito then proceeded to dismount the gun. After breakfast the rebels opened fire along the beach to Bakoor. The Insurgents Used Artillery. After silencing the big gun at Cavite Viejo the gunboats ran close along the shore, bombarding the rebel position. The rebels replied with rifle fire and with the fire of some small pieces of artillery. So vigorous was the enemy's fire that at 9.20 A. M. the gunboat Helena joined the small gunboats already named and the Princeton, Monterey and Monadnock, from their anchorages, dropped occasional big shells among the rel -Is. This apparently only served to incite the rebels, as they kept up an incessant fire of musketry and artillery near the mouth of the Zapote River, two miles north of Bakoor. The fire of all seven warships was concentrated on this point shortly after noon, when the upper bay presented the appearance of being the scene of a great naval battle. The rebels wre eventually forced to abandon their guns after holding out for about four hours, only to be confronted by General Lawton's force on land and in their rear, where there was heavy fighting. Beyond the destruction of sevei i buildings along the water front the effect of the bombardment was not known. The only means of crossing the Zapote was by a small bridge which the Fili^ .nos commanded with trenches spreading V-shaped, whence they could concentrate their fire on the bridge. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE INSURGENTS. 709 They also had the advantage of the trees and jungle, so the Americans could hardly see ahead. When the battle was resumed at i o'clock with the reinforcements, our battery having silenced the enemy's guns, the Americans wading waist deep in the mud of the salt flats slowly, and pouring steady volleys of musketry at the rebels, drove their opponents beyond the river. Then the two armies lay facing each other across the deep stream, the enemy prarically out of sight, while the men in blue and khaki lay on mud and bushes, many of them without shelter, for three hours, without a moment's cessation in the firing, pouring bullets at the enemy as fast as they could load. "General Lawton, though exhausted by the morning fight, rallied by sheer will power and was the commanding figure in the "lattle. General Wheaton and General Ovenshine were equally courageous. In fact, the generals were among the few men on the battlefield who refused to take shelter under the hottest fire. The only approach to the fighting ground was by a narrow, winding road, where the rebel bullets dropped thickly, wounding several of our men. At 4 o'clock there was an hour's lull in the fighting, and an artillery sergeant galloped back to where two guns of the mountain battery were waiting in reserve and shouted: "Bring up those guns!" The sergeant then tumbled exhausted from his horse. Twenty wounded men were carried to a cascoe (native boat) waiting on the beach, which was rowed to Paranaque. This battlefield incidentally was formerly the scene of several of the greatest struggles betwee^i the Spaniards and the Filipinos. Hardest Battle of the War. General Lawton's troops took possession of Bacoor on the morning of the 14th without resistance, the enemy having retreated during the night in the direction of San Francisco and Imus, with the intention of making a stand at the latter town, which was understood to be strongly fortified and was beyond reach of the guns of the navy. The fight at the Zapote River was the most desperate and obstinate of all that occurred after the beginning of hostilities in February. Almost exactly a year before the insurgents of Cavite province fought the greatest engagement of the Spanish- Filipino war at this same place, defeating a strong force of Spaniards, which had been sent from Manila against them. Their successful defense of the bridge at that time doubtless inspired them with greater courage than they otherwise would have shown. The insurgents of Cavite province are the most warlike of any in the Island of Luzon. This is 710 CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE INSURGENTS. the province of Aguinaldo, and the men who were met and defeated by General Lawton's troops were those who did the severest fighting against the Spaniards under the direction of Aguinaldo and his immediate lieutenants. The Zapote River is two miles east of Bacoor. The Americans captured the passage of the river after a long and desperate battle in which ten were killed and forty-eight wcunded. The insurgent loss was forty killed and one hundred and twenty wounded. Forty-eight armed Filipinos were captured by the Americans. The fighting began early in the forenoon and continued until evening. It was accompanied by a terrific bombardment by the Ameri- can warships lying near the shore. The insurgents used a six-inch cannon with considerable effect. The fighting ranged over a wide district which was almost impassable on account of the salt marshes, deep ditches and thick bamboo jungles with which it is overspread. Early on the morning of the 13th a battalion of the Fourteenth Infantry, which was doing outpost duty, were fired on from the bamboo thickets in their front. Thereupon Lieutenant Donovati led on 1 50 men from companies F. and I, of the Twenty-first Infantry, to make an armed reconnoissance to locate the enemy. A native was found who volunteered to conduct the Americans along a practicable passage through the marshes. The Americans were formed in a long column and advanced along a narrow strip of land lying next to Manila Bay, and in this march they passed far beyond the insur- gent trenches at the Zapote River. They struck inland, crossing dikes and broad ditches and keeping at all times a sharp lookout for the enemy. Poured a Terrific Fire into Them. Suddenly they tumbled on the insurgents' flank and straightway the enemy poured a terrific fire into them, which created great consternation. The centre of the American column broke under this attack and retreated. The two ends of the column, however, stuck to their positions and fought man- fully against an overwhelming force. The insurgents rushed through the broken centre, cutting off the American soldiers at the right end of the column from the rest of the force. Thus hemmed in by enemies on all sides except in the direction of the bay, the soldiers retreated to the bridge, where they made a stand and fought for their lives. Eighteen Americans were wounded under this attack and two were killed, their bodies being left on the field. One of those killed was the native guide. The condition of the remnant, caught and surrounded by the natives, would have been desperate had it not been for the warships in the bay. The commanders of the monitor Monadnock and the gunboat Helena sent 100 sailors ashore in boats with a rapid-fire gun, and these forming with the CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE INSURGENTS. 711 soldiers strongly reinforced them. Lieutenant Connelly, who had Deen wounded, was conveyed to a ship in the bay. The sailors, on landing and forming for action, directed an enfilading fire on the trench guarding the passage of the Zapote River. General Lawton hurried forward a battalion of the Ninth Infantry to tlie assistance of the soldiers and sailors in their fight. The Monadnock, Helena, Manila, Albay and Callao began shelling the beach, and these combined forces of army and navy soon drove the insurgents back into the jungle. About 2 o'clock in the afternoon an advance of the left of General Lawton's forces were ordered. The Twelfth and Fourteenth Infantry, with the mountain battery, attacked the insurgents that were entrenched beyond the river. The enemy fought with courage and intelligence, holding their fire until the Americans had come within close range and then pouring forth terrific volleys. The Americans advanced, as usual, by short rushes, doing splendid work, and never faltering in the face of the withering fire! The insurgents held to their trenches with desperation and were only driven out at last almost at the muzzles of the American guns. The Dead Lie in the Trenches. After the assault twenty dead insurgents were found in these trenches and seven wounded Filipinos were captured. Doubtless there were many more killed and wounded in these trenches, as counting was interrupted by the insurgents renewing the fight from a new position further on. Once more the battery was hurried forward, and the Ninth Infantry and part of the Twenty.first Infantry advanced with a cheer, meeting a heavy fire from the insurgents posted in the thick woods to the left, to where they had retreated when driven from the trenches. Some shots came also from the woods on the right, through which the right wing of the American forces had made its way an hour before. This last engagement was short but fierce, the insurgents being quickly silenced by the determined attack of the Americans. By this desperate battle the insurgents lost a district which they super- stitiously believed to be invulnerable against any attack of their enemies, it having been the scene of many former victories against the Spaniards. The American forces engaged were all regulars of the Ninth, Twelfth, Four- teenth and Twenty-first Infantry, and all of them showed magnificent valor. The sailors who were landed undoubtedly saved the detachment on the beach from destruction or capture, and the hearty co-operation shown by these, and by the men at the guns on the warships, caused the soldiers to feel the warmest gratitude and affection for the men of the navy.