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1 2 3
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THE
Modern Gazetteer:
O R, A '
SHORT VIEW
O F T H E
SEVERAL NATIONS
O F T H E
WORLD.
Abfolutely neccflary for rendering the Public News,
and other Historical OccurrenceSj intelligible
and entertaining.
c O N T A
I. An Introduftion to Geography ;
with 'Dirc^iioM for the Ufe of
the Terreftrial Globe.
U. The Sitaation and Extent of all
the Empires, Kingdoms, States,
Province*, and chief Towns, in
!EuROPE, Asia, ArticA and
America: Alfo, a Defcription
of the moll conliderable Seas,
I N I N C,
Lakes, Rivers and Mourtains, all
rang'd in Alphabetical Order.
III. The Produce, Manufa£l'jre!i,
Trade, Conftitution, foices. He-
venues, and Religion, of the fe-
veral Countrirs.
IV. The Genealogies and Families
of the Emperors, Kings, an4
Princes, now reigning.
By Mr. S A L M O N,
AUTHOR of Modern History.
The Third Edition, with Additions.
LONDON:
Printed for S. and E. 6a t lard, I. Knapton, S.Birt, D. Brownjt,
C. Hitch and L. Hawxs, J. Hone; .s, A. Millar* J. and J. Rj.
VXN0T9M) Tt Lo^GMA^', and M. CoorcR,
M occ LVl.
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VVAILRLUO, Ui\iAR.O, C.\;NADA
PREFACE.
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THIS Work is defigned to give a
fhort, but comprehenfive view of the
world.
Some attempts have already been made,
'tis true, to fetde the fitiiation of the chief
towns in the feveral quarters of the world ;
but the fituation of the refpedtive counrries
and provinces in which they lie, has gene-
rally been omitted j nor has the conftitution
of the government, the forces, the produce,
or the religion of the feveral countries been
mentioned in any abftrad^ of this kind j which
defeds are fupplied in the prefent undertak-
ing ; and the firft meridian, which was for-
merly placed at the Canary Iflands, is here
fixed at London, the metropolis of thefe
kingdoms, agreeable to Moll's modern maps,
the moft corredt that are extant : The longi-
tude Mo is reckoned both eaft and weft from
the fiift meridian, whereby the trouble of
running many thoufand miles round the
globe, to the eaftward, to find places that
lie but a little to the weft ward of us, is faved.
And in the beginning of the work is an intro-
dudion to the ftudy of geography, with di-
reftions for the ufe of the Tencftrial Globe.
A 2 The
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PREFACE.
Th€ genealogies of the feveral Kings and
Princes now reigning, with an account of
their prefent farailies, are added alfo ; and
where any kingdom or people have changed
their mafters of late years, and become fub-
je<ft to another dominion, fuch alterations are
taken notice of. And laftJy, the lituation of
more than a thoufand remarkable places are
added, not to be found in any work of this
nature ; and the whole ranged in alphabeti-
cal order, fo that any place may be turned to
in an inflant 5 and notwichftanding thefe
additions and improvements, the whole is
comprehended in a Poctcet Volume j and
will, 'tis prefamed, be a very ufeful and en-
tertaining companion to fuch Gentlemen as
have a tafte for hiftory and geography, and
dcfire to have a general view of the world,
without diverting too much from fuch pur-
suits, as they apprehend of more import-
ance. And the reader may reft affured,
that fcarce any thing is taken upon truft here,
but the fituaiion and diftances of places have
been carefully calculated and fettled, agreed-
able to the corredteft maps, without follow-
ing implicitly any writer whatever.
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A H
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A N
I NTRODU CTION
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GEOGRAPHY.
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THE Terreflrial Globe, confifting of earth and
water, refts upon nothing, but
appears equally furrounded by T/je Globe,
the heavens on ever}' part; dnd is re- .; '• ''
prefented by the artificial Globe, which {hews what
proportion of the furface is water, and what is land, and
the fituation of the feveral nations which inhabit it.
On the artificial globe are defcribed the following
circles: i. The Equator, and ^he cir-
cles parallel to it. 2. The Firft Meri- The Circles up-
dian, and the reft of the Meridional on it.
Lines, ufually 2 v in number.* 3. The
Zodiac, includiiig the Ecliptic. 4. The Horizon. 5.
T'he two Tropics 6. The Arctic and Antar«:t!C circles.
And a line is fuppofed to pafs through the center of the
Globe, called its Axis, round which it moves every 24
hours ; the ends or extremities of which Axis are called
the Poles of the earth. - ., . . ., _. . .
For though the Terreftrial Globe is ufually treated of,
according to appearances, as if the fun, moon, and ftars
rofe every day in the eaft, and fet in the v/eft, it is
generally known that the earth turns round upon its cwn
axis, from weft to eaft, every 24 hours, which occafiorui
thofe appearances.
"A3 1 he
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I N T R O D U C T I O N.
The Equator divides the Globe into two equal part;?,
-.or Hemifphercs, the one north, and the
Equator* other fouth ; on \A^hich circle are mark-
ed the degrees of longitude from the firft
Meridian, eitler eaft or weft, ?'.l. li . ;-
The Parallel Lines are fo called from their running
.V -•' parallel to the Equator, of which there
P<irallel Lines, are nine in number (inclufivc) between
the Equator and either Pole, at lo
degrees diftance from each other, every degree of lati-
tude being 60 geographical miles, and every 10 degrees
6co of the fame miles ; confequently, there are 5400
fuch miles (or 6000 EngliQi miles) between the Equator
and either Pole, which is one quarter of the circum-
ference of the Globe.
The Firft Meridian is reprefented by the brazen Circle,
in which the Globe moves, croffing
Firj} Meridian, the Horizon at right angles, and divi-
ding the Globe into the eaftern and
weftern Hemifpheres. Upon this Circle are marked the
degrees of latitude, which begin at the Equator, and are
counted northward ta the North or Ar»Sic Pole, which
is 90 degrees from the Equator. And, in like manner,
the degrees of fouthern latitude arc counted from the
Equator to the Antarctic or South Pole.!. 'I . .' ' ♦
The Meridional Lines defcribed on
Meridional , . the Globe, are 15 degrees (or one
Lines. hour) afunder. From the Firft Meri-
Longitude, dian to the right-hand we reckon Eaft»
ern Longitude, and from the Firft Me-
ridian to the left-hand we reckon Weftern Longitude,
and from the Equator to either Pole we
Latitude, v count the Latitude ; if towards the
North, or upper end of a map, we call
it North Latitude j and if towards the South, or lower
end of the map, we call it South Latitude. From
whence it appears, that Longitude is nothing more than
the diftance on€ place is from another, eaft or weft ;
and Latitude the diftance of one place ffom another,
nonh or fouth of the Equator*
Th«
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INTRODUCTION/
The Zodiac is that circlewhich cuts • ■ '
the Equator obliquely, and is divided Zodiac,
into 12 figns, through which the fun
is I'uppofed to pafs within the (pace of Annual moiicn
12 months, or 365 days, 6 hours (but of the Jim.
in reality it is the earth that moves round
the fun ;) and in the Zodiac are the conftellations which
give name to the Signs. The Ecliptic
is a line paffing through the middle of Ecliptic,
the Zodiac, and fhews the fun's, or *• V •
rather the earth's orbit, or circle, in whic|i it move?* -
The Horizon divides the Globe into '*k) ; i) .. '
the upper and lower Heraifpheies, ter- Horizon, i
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Diinating our views every way at fea, or
upon an extenfive plane, forming the upper and lower
Hemifphere, the one vifible, and the other hidden from
us i and the plane of this or any other circle defcribed on
the Terreftrial Globe, m^y be continued or extended till
it marks a circle on the concave fphere of the heavens ;
the Rrft is called the plane of the Senfible Horizon, which
feems to touch the furface of the earth ; the other is called
the Rational Hori^on^ fuppoied parallel to . the former^
and to be extended to the heavens.
The place where any one ftands, is the Center of hisr
Horizon and Hemifphere, and. the Poles of his Horia^n
are the fame as two imaginary points
in the heavens, called the Zenith and Zenith and Na-*^
Nadir ; the Zenith being the vertical dir,
point directly over his head; and the
Nadir that point of the heavens under his feet, diame-
trically oppofite to the Zenith, . -r.K.M-jJ:^ f; . v! ' ,t
The Tropics defcribe the utmoil li-
mits of the Sun's courfe ; the Tnopic of Tropics. . . t \
Cancer encompailing the Globe, 23 f
degrees north of the Equator ; and the Tropic of Capri*
cof n 23 I degrees fouth of the Equator.
The Polar Circles are drawn 23 f
degrees diitance from each Pole,
The Globe alfo is divided into five
Zones, viz. one Torrid Zone, two Fri-
gid Zones, and two Temperate Zones«
The
PoUir Circles^
ZoneSn
M
INTRODUCTION.
T^orrid Zone.
i
Frigid Xones,
Temperate
Zone,
The Torrid Zone, is that fpace
which lies between the two Tropics,
fo denominated from the exceflive heat of the climate.
"I he two Frigid Zones lie within the
Ar6tic and Antarctic circles.
The northern temperate Zone lies
betv/een the Tropic of Cancer and the
Ar6tic Circle ; and the foiithern Tem-
perate Zone betweeen the Tropic of
Capricorn and the AntariStic circle.
The Elevation of the Pole is che height of the Pole
above the Horizon, and is always equal
Elevation of to the latitude of the place. For ex-
the Pole, ample: If the fouth of England lie in
50 degrees of north latitude, the North
Pole is of courfe elevated 50 degrees above the Horizon
there ; for which reafon, the latitude of a place, and
the elevation of the pole, are ufed promifcuoufly to ex-
prefs the fame thing.
The terms ufed in Geography to ex-
prefs the different fituation of any peo-
ple in refpe6t of the placQ where we are,
are thefe three, viz. i. The Perixci.
3. The Antipodes.
1. The Pcriseci are fituate under the fame parallel,
but oppofite Meridians. It is midnight with them when
it is noon with us ; but the length of days and theiv fea-
fons are the fame. Thefe are found by turning the horo-
rary index 12 hours, or turning the Globe half round.
2. The Antxci are fituate under ;he fame meridian,
but oppofite parallels. Thefe have the feafons oppofite to
ours ; it is the middle of winter with them, when it is
midfummer with us ; but they have the fame noon-day.'
Thefe are found by numbering as many degrees on the
©ppofite fide of the equator as we are on this. Their
longeft day is our (horteft, and fo vice Verfa. '^ . " '
3. The Antipodes lie under oppofite Meridians, and
oppofite Parallels. Thefe have different feafons, and dif-
ferent days and nights. When it is fummer with us, it
is winter with them j and when it is noon with us, it is
midjiiglit with them ; and th^ir longeft days are out fliort-
tiir Thefe are found by turning the hororary index 12
hours
Geographical
Terms,
2. The Antaeci.
INTRODUCTION..
hours from the given place, or turning the Globe haV*^
round, and then counting as many degrees on the oppo-
fitc ffde of the Equator, as the given place is on this. - '
The inhabitants of the earth alfo have different deno-
minations, fi'om their (hadows falHng different ways at
noon-day, and are called Amphifcii, Afcii, Hetaerofcii
or Perifcii. '. . " "' ' '
1. The Amphifcii inhabit the Torrid Zone, between
the two Tropics. Thcfe have their (hadows both north
und fouth at noon-day. When the fun is fouth of them,
their fliadows are north ; and when the fun is north of
them at noon-day, their ihadows are fouth. Thefe arc
alfo called Afcii, bccaufe twice every year the fun is ver-
tical at noon-day» and then they have no fhadow.
2. The Hetaerc'fcii are thofe who inhabit either of
the Temperate Zones, and have their fhadows always
one way at noon- day. Thofe m the northern Tempe-
rate Zone have their fliadows always north, and thofe in
the fouthern Temperate Zone have their fliadows always
fouth, at noon- day.
3. The Perifcii are thofe who inhabit that part of the
Globe within the Polar Circles. Thefe have their Sha-
dows every way while the fun 1$ above their Horizon all
the 24 hours, as it is feveral months every year, when,
the fun is on that fide of the Equator next them.
The Circumference of the Globe is
360 degrees, or 21,600 geographical Circumference
miles round, and the diameter 7200 ; of the Globe.
but if we compute by Englifh miles, it Diatneter,
is about 24,000 miles round, and the
diameter about 8000. And when there are 24 Meridi-
onal Lines upon the Globe, thefe Lines
are i hour, or 15 degrees, afunder. 15 degrees #/*
Tbofe who refide 15 degrees eaft of us^ longitude i hour
have the fun one hour before us ;, thofe i deg, 4 min. of
who live 15 degrees weft of us, have the time,
fun an hour after us. The Meridional - ''•
Lines, as they approach either Pole, incline nearer ta
each other, infomuch that a degree of longitude, that
makes 60 geographical miles when meafiured on the Equa-
tor, makes but 37 miks whjsn n\eafured in 52 degrees oi
latitufje.
INT R O D U C T I O N.
latitude. However, every degree of longitude is always
4 minutes of time, and 15 degrees of longitude are con-
fequently 60 minutes of time, or one hour, whether the
diftance of miles between the Meridional Lines are more
or lefs J and there are tables which fhew how many miles
a degree of longitude makes in every latitude, which may
be found alfo by mcafuring the diftances between the
Meridional Lines. There arc tables alfo which (hew the
different climates, and the length of days in each ; but
thefe may be (hewn alfo upon the Glebe, as will appear
in the following Geographical Problems :
To find the Sun's place in the Ecliptic,
Obfjrve the day of the month in the calendar on the
Horizon, and oppofite to it you will fiiid the fign and
degree in which the Sun is.
The hour being given in any place^ to find what hour it is
• , ■ in any other part of the world,
Ref^ify the Globe for the given place, and bring it to
the Meridian ; then f:': the index at the given hour, iind
turn the Globe, and bring the places fuccelTively to the
Meridian, and the index will ihew the hour at the place
required.
Thus, when it is 4 o'clock at London, it will be 5
at Naples, 6 at Conftantinople and Peterfburg, 10 at
Bengali, 11 at Batavia, and near 12 at night at Ptrkin ;
12 at rroon at Barbadoes, and 1 1 in the morning at Port-
Royal in Jamaica. , ^
The day of the month being given ^ to find the places on the
Globe where the Sun is in the Zenith that day,
Obferve the Sun's place in the Ecliptic, and bring it
to the Meridian ; then mark the degree over it, and turn-
ing the Globe round, all the places which pafs under
that degree will have the Suri in the Zeiiith that day.
The hour being given at one place ^ to find at what place the
Sun is in the Zenith at that hour.
The Sun*s place in the Ecliptic being brought to the
Meridian, and the degree over it marked, bring the given
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, W TROD U-C T I O R *
place to the Meridian, and fettlng the index to the given
hour, turn the Globe till the index come to the upper
12, and the place of the earth which ftands under the
obferved degree in the Meridian, has the Sun at that
moment in the Zenith.
The day and hour being given to find the places where the
Sun is then rifmg^ fettingy or in the Meridian.
Find the place where the Sun is vej-tical at the given hour,
re<Stify the Globe for the latitude of that place, and bring
it to the Meridian j then all thofe places that are in the
weft Semi-circle of the Horizon have the Sun rifing, and
thofe in the eaft Semi-circle have the Sun fctting ; and at
all the places under the Meridian it is noon-day.
To find the length of the day in any place.
Elevate the Pole according to the latitude of the given
place, find the Sun's place in the Ecliptic, which being
brought to the eaft fide of the Horizon, fet the index at
noon, and turning the Globe about, till the faid place m
the Ecliptic touch the weft fide of rtie Horizon, and
v/herever the index points, reckon the number of hours
between the fame and the upper figure of 12, and that
ft the length of the day.
The earth is ufually divided into the Eajiern and
caftern and weftern continents j the IVcJiern He^
caftern, which we inhabit, comprehends mijj^heres,
Europe, Afia, and Africa; the weftera r ..
continent contains only America.
The waters alfo are thrown into three grand divifions :
1. The Atlantic ocean, which divides u,
Europe and Africa from America i this Setts,
is generally about 3000 miles wide,
2. The Pacific Ocean or South Sea, which divides
America from Afiai this is generally about 10,000
miles over. 3. The Indian Ocean, which feparates the
Eaft Indies from Africa, and this is generally 3000
miles over. In all thefe feas, at a diftance from land,
the winds always fit cafterly between the Tropics, and
fomclhing beyond, except under tH« Equator, or near
an ^
" ^ " i jp-irj'. ' - -f ii ity p '
/ ■
Grand diin^
Jions.
North.
INTRODUCTION.
it, where they are variable, as they arc alfo in above 30
degrees of north or fouth latitude.
Europe, the leaft divifion of the Eaftem Conthient, Is
fituate between 36 and 72 degrees of
Europe's Jjtua" north latitude, and bet^Veen 16 degrees
thn, weft, and 65 degrees of eaftern longi-
tude, being about 30CO miles long from
north to fouth, and 2500 miles broad from eaft to weft ;
bounded by the Frozen Ocean (part of the Atlantic) on
the north, and by Afia on the eaft ; by the Mediterranean
Sea, which feparates it from Africa, on the fouth, and
by another part of the Atlantic Ocean on the weft.
Europe is thrown into three grand
divifions, viz. I. The north or upper
diviiion, confifting of, i. Ruifia or
Mofcovy. 2. Sweden. 3. Denmark
and Norway, and, 4. The iflands of
Britain, Iceland, Greenland, and thofe of the Baltic.
/ II. The middle divifion. Which con-
Middle. iifts of, i. Poland. 2. Germany, and
the hiereditary dominions of the houfb
of Auftria, contiguous to it. 3. The Low Countries,
or Netherlands. 4. FraiKe, with its late conqudls and
acquifitions on the Rhine.
III. The fouthern divifion, which
South, comprehends, i. Turky in Europe (the
ancient Greece chiefly) the tributary
provinces of Moldavia, Walachia, the trim and Lefler
Tartary. 2. SwitjLcrland, with the Grifons and the reft
of their allies and fubjc<Els. 3. Italy, Spain, and Por-
tugal, and 4. The idands of the Mediterranean, con-
fming of thofe in the Archi[Kf!ago, Sicily, Sardinia^
Corfica, Miijorca, Minorca, and Ivica.
Afia is fituate between 25 and 148
Jfia fttuation* degrees of eaftern longitude, and be-
tween the Equator and 72 degrees of
north latitude, bounded by the Frozen Ocean on the
north, by the Pacific Ocean on the eaft, by the In-
dian Ocean on the fouth, and feparatcd from Africa by
the Red Sea on the fouth -weft, and by tJhe Archipelago,
the Eaxine Sea^ ^c% which feparate \\ from Europe, or;
the north-weft. 4 This
1
f.
n above 30
jntinent, is
degrees of
I Id degrees
ftern longi-
;s long from
aft to weft ;
Ltlafitic) on
iditerrane^i^
fouth, and
weft.
three grand
h or up|[)er
RuiTia or
. Denmark
e iflands of
le Baltic,
which con-
;rmstny, and
^f the houfc
' Countries,
nqueds and
ion» which
luro|)e (the
tributary
and Lefler
ind the reft
and Por-
nean, con-
Sardinia^
5 and T4B
and be-
degrees of
an on the
y the In-
Africa by
'chipelago;
)uropc. nr.
This
//
(HI em
v'iffon*
Middle,
JVcfl.
INTRODUCTION.
This quarter alfo is thrown inU'> three ^^^,^^ ^y,.
divifions, viz. I. The empire of China, £^^^^ ^
Chinefian Tartary, and the Oriental r"^^^
Iflinds on the eaft. ' . ■''^ *
II. India, Uft)ec Tartary, Calmuc
Tartary, and Siberia in the middle.
III. Perfi^, Arabia, Aftracan, and
Circaflian Tartary, and Turky in Afia
on the weft.*
The whole being 4800 miles in length from eaft to
weft, and 4300 in breadth from north to fouth.
Africa is a peninfula join'd by the ^r-
narrow ifthmus of Suez to Afia, and ,/, •*
lituate between 37 north, and 35 de-
grees fouth latitude, and between 18 weft, and 51 eaft
longitude, being 4320 miles in length from north to
fouth, and 4200 miles in breadth from eaft to- weft.
Africa is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, which
feparates it from Europe, on the north, by the ifthmus
of Suez, the Red Sea, and the Eaft rn Oce^n, which
ciivides it from Afia, on the eaft ; by the Southern Ocean
on the fouth ; and by the Atlantic or Weftern Ocean,
which feparates it from America, on the weft.
Africa is thrown into ten grand divi-
fions. I. Egypt. II. Abyfllnia, or the Grand diii'
upper Ethiopia, and Nubia. III. The /tons,
coaft of Anian and Zanguebar. IV.
Monoemugi, Monomotopa, and CafFraria, fomctlmes
called the Lower Ethiopia. V. Congo, Angola, and
Guinea. VI. Nigritia or Negroland. VII. Zaara or
the defart. VIll, Biledulgerid, the ancient Numidia.
IX, 'i'he empire of Morocco. And, X. 1 he coaft of
Barbary on the Mediterranean, comprehending the coun-
tries of Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli, and Barca.
America is fituate between 80 north, j ^ .
and s8 fouth latitude, and bstwcen 2c -^'p^^'^'P*
and 145 degrees of weft longitude,
bounded by the lands about the pole on the north ; by
the Atlantic Ocean, which feparates it from Europe and
Africa on the eaftj by another vaft Ocean on the fouth ;
and by the Pacific Ocean, ulually called the Sjuth S?a,
'- a whi^h
/
I.
\
'
Spanijh domi-
nions*
INTRODUCTION.
which divides it from Afia on the weft, being 8250 miles
Jong from north to fouth, and fcarce 3000 miles broad in
any place, and in fome not 100 miles broad.
y-r J J-' The beft part of America is at pre-
/- tent under the dommion or tour iiuro-
■^ * pean Princes, viz. Of the Kings of
Spain, Portugal, Great -Britain, and France.
The Spanifh dominions comprehend,
I. Old Mexico. 2. New Mexico. 3.
Florida. 4. Terra Firma. 5. Peru. 6.
Chili. 7. Patagonia, or the Terra Magellanica. 8. Para-
gua and La Plata, 9. The Amazons country. And, 10.
The Spanifh iflands ; of which the moft confiderable are
Cuba, Hifpaniola, Porto- Rico, and Trinidad.
n-, J. II. The fecond crand divifion of
containing that large maritime country
of Brazil, extending from the river Amazon under the
Equator, to the river La-plata, which lies in 35 degrees
of fouth latitude, being upwards of 3000 miles in length
from north to fouth, but fcarce 200 miles wide.
T> • -/T J • III. The third grand divifion of
-' America is fubject to Great-Bnta'n,
and lies along the eaftern coaft of
North America, from 30 to 51 degrees of north lati-
tude, comprehending, i. Georgia. 2. South Carolina.
3. North Carolina. 4. Virginia. 5. Maryland. 6. Pcn-
fylvania. 7. The two Jerfeys. 8. New York. 9. New
England. 10. New Scotland, and New Britain. 1 1. The
iflands belonging to Britain, viz. Jamaica, Barbadoes, St,
Chriilophers, Newfoundland, &c. and laftly, Hudfon's
Bay, or Britifli Canada, which lies north of the reft,
and at fome diftance, being fcparated from them by
French Canada.
IV", The French claim the fourth
grand divifion of America, which, ac-
cording to their maps, extends from
the Gulph of Mexico to the north of Canada, i. e. from
28 to 52 degrees of north latitude, being 1500 miles ia
length from north to fouth, and make their extent from
caft to weft very litdc lefs, for their maps lay them down
between
French domi*
ntons.
•t
250 miles
broad ia
is at pre-
)ur Euro-
K.ings of
iprehend,
:xico. 3.
Peru. 6.
8. Para-
And, 10.
arable are
vifion of
Portugal,
2 country
mder the
5 degrees
in length
•
vifion of
Britain,
coa{t of
rth lati-
Jarolina.
6. Pcn-
9. New
1 1. The
does, St.
-ludfon's
\\e relt,
lem by
fourth
ich, ac-
ds from
e. from
miles in
:nt from
m down
)etwccn
1
INTRODUCTION.
between the Britifh dominions, on the eaft, and New
Mexico on the weft, comprehending moft part of Florida
and Canada ; to which countries they have given the names
ofLouifiana, and New France. The iflands of Caen, and
feme countries on the adjacent continent of South Ame-
rica, which lie near the Equinoaial, alfo are fubje6t to
France, as is part of the ifland of Hifpaniola, Martinico,
Guadaloupe, and feveral more of the Caribbee iflands.
The Dutch are poflelled of Surinam
on the coaft of Guiana or Caribiana in Dutch,
South America, of fome of the Caribbee
Illands, and others on the north coaft of Terra FIrma ;
of which thofc of CurafTow, Aruba, and Bonaire, are the
chief J and from hence they carry on a clandcftinc tra-de
with the coafts of Spanifti America.
Denmark is alfo pofTefl'ed of the ifland Dmes
of St. Thomas, one of the Caribbees,
I (hall conclude this introduction with a genera] dc-
fcription of Old England, our native country, the ftate
whereof it concerns us to be acquainted with more thdri
that of any other nation.
* - . *
ENGLAND.
The fouthern divifion of the ifland of Great-Britain,
is fituate in the Atlantic Ocean, between two degrees ,
eaft, and fix degrees odd minutes weftcrn longitude, and
between 49 degrees, 55 minutes, and 55 degrees, 55
minutes north latitude, being of a triangular figure,
bounded by Scotland on the north, the German fei,
which feparates it from Germany, and the Netherlands
on the eaft, by the Englifh channel, which divides it
from France, on the fouth, and by St. George's chan-
nel, which feparates it from Ireland, on the weft, being
exactly 3C0 geographical miles in length from north to
fouth, and 300 in breadth from eaft to weft, in the fouth,
but fcarce 100 broad in the north.
The air is much warmer here than in the countries
under the fame parallel, viz. in the Netherlands and
Germany; and generally healthful, unlcfs in the fens
and marftiy grounds. ' " ♦•*-/' • - •
a 2 There
rf ■•
INTRODUCTION.
, There are very few mountains ; the higheft hills are l»
Wales, and in the weft and north of England. The
, reft of the country confifts of moderate hills and valleys,
woodlands, enclofed pafture -grounds and meadows, ex-
, tcnfive corn fields and plains, which feed innumerable
flocks of (heep, horfes, and neat cattle.
Hok'ernefs in Yorkfhire, and the fenny part of Lin-
colnfhire, produce the largeft oxen ; and Yorkfhire, in
general, furnifhes us with the fineft breed of horfes for
the faddle ; and there are a great many royal forefts,
chafes, and parks, which afford variety of deer and other
game, in every part of the kingdom.
The foil is either clay, gravel, or fand ; the clays
produce excellent whe.it and beans ; the gravel and fand,
rye, barley, peas, and oats ; and the light lands of late
years have been improved and made as valuable as the
clays, by fovving them with turnips, clover, cinquefoin,
" &c. efpecially in wet years ; but a wet feafon does not
agree with the clays : There is ufually a great fcarcity
of wheat in fuch years i but then there is plenty of
other grain and pafture.
The timber growing in England, is oak, afli, elm,
beach, and hornbeam. The walnut tree is ufed in cabi-
nets and other fine works ; befides which there are
poplar, arbeles, fycamore, maple, hazl©, willow, horfe-
chefnut, and other trees, which do not come under the
denomination of timber, but ferve, however, for fhade,
ornament, and inferior ufes.
There are large plantations of hops, efpecially in Kent
and EfTex : And in other countries there are plantations
of flax and hemp ; but in thefe England does not abound.
In Kent are extenfivc orchards of apples and cherries.
In Devonfhire and Herefordfliire alfo, are vaft quantities
of apples, of which excellent cyder is made, fuch as no
other counties will produce ; and if the trees are tranf-
planted, they degenerate.
Moft of the fruits of Europe have been introduced
here; but we have fcarce any that are natural to the
foil ; and thofe that have been brought from warmer
climates have not that delicious flavour they had in their
native foil. And as we have introduced foreign fruits, fo
we
I
m
■■■rT"v "^WT^' :
N.
ft hills are [«
gland. The
1 and valleys,
leadows, ex-
innumerablc
part of Lin-
forkftiire, in
of horfes for
•oyal forcfts,
ser and other
; the clays
i^el and fand,
lands of late
luable as the
, cinquefoin,
on does not
jreat fcarcity
IS plenty of
c, a(h, elm,
ifed in cabi-
there are
How, horfe-
under the
for fhade,
ally in Kent
plantations
not abound.
id cherries.
ft quantities
fuch as no
J are tranf-
introduccl
ural to the
m warmer
lad in their
a fruits, fo
wc
INTRODUCTION.
we have all manner of plants, roots and herbs, that are
found in the kitchen-gardens of our neighbour nations.
In Eilex andCambridgefhire are large plantations cf
fafFron ; and in Bedfordfhire, fields of woad or wad for
dying. It has been computed that the arable lands fowii ^
with wheat annually produce thirty- four millions of bufh-
els ; and the lands fown with barley produce as much ;
and the lands fown with horfe -grain, fuch as peas, beans,
oats and vetches, produce as much as both the former.
Thofe that have made an eftimate of the nation's in-
come, compute, that there are forty millions of acres of
land in the kingdom, whereof ten millions are arable,
which, at 5 (hillings per acre, yield annually 2,500,000 /.
fourteen millions of pafture, meadow, fens, and wood
grounds, which, at 10 fhillings per acre, yield 7,000,000/.
iixteen millions in forefts, chafes, and heath^, high-ways,
common and wafte grounds, which, at 2 fliillings per
acre, yield 1,600,000/. and one million of houfes, ex-
clufive of lands, which yield 4,000,000/. that our ex-
ports and coafting trade produce annually 6,000,000 /.
and our manufaflures produce 8,000,000 /. which made
the whole national income at that time 29,100,000/.
but as this computation was made by Dr. Davenant fifty
years ago, we may, confidering the improvements that
have been made in lands, the increafe of buildings, and
the multiplication of the people, add 4,000,000/. more t^
the national income, and then it amounts to 33, ioo,coo /.
The fame gentleman computes, that there were then fix
millions of people in England', which, at 5 pound a head,
expend 30,000,000/. 3,000,000/. ralfed for the fupporc
of the government, and 2,000,000/. more to difcharg-e
the intereft of the debt of 75,000,000/. contracted ii^
the late wars ; which makes our cxpcnces to ex.eed tiie
national income near 2,000,000/. but as our people arc
much increafed finee that ertmiate, fo the interelt of th^
public debts is very much diminifhed, by reducin;r th^
intereft of the public debt to 3, and 3 i- per cent; there-*
fore our cxpcnces. poiTihly, do not much exccc t the nii-
tional income. Nor did Dr. Daveninit, in hi-j cakura-
tions, confider the P liberies, whi.lj arc certainly jv vevy
valuable branch of bufinefs, and add coi^ '
I era
bly
wc
Ivh
».tv
i'\
INTRODUCTION.
wealth of the nation, the' they are not (o confiderable
as thole of the Dutch.
There are fcarce any lakes in Eng^r nd : Thofe in
Cumberland, and fome in Lincolnftiirc and the Ifle of
Ely, which have only the appearance of lakes in win-
ter, are the chief. The moft confiderable navigable
rivers are, i. The Thames, which runs generally from
Well to Eaft, on which the cities of London and Ox-
ford ftand. This river is navigable for fhips as high as
London, which is one of the greateft ports in the world,
2. The Medway, which unites with the Thames near
its mouth, and receives the largeft men of war as high
as Chatham, where are the fined docks, yards, and ma-
gazines of naval {lores in Europe.
3. The Trent, which runs from the S. W. to the
N. E. crofs England, dividing it into North and South ^
and being united with feveral other flreams near its
mouth, is call'd the Humber, difcharging itfelf into the
German ocean,
4. The Severn, rifing in North Wales, and running
for the moft part South, falls into the Irifh fea ; on which
fland the cities of Worcefter and Glocefter.
The heads of thofe great rivers, or of others which
full into them, lie fo near together, that it would be
very eafy to unite them by canals, and have a commu-
nication by water from fea to fea quite through the king-
dom, which would be of infinite advantage to trade, land-
carriage going deep into the profits of every kind of ma-
nufacture, el'pecially the woollen, the manfaclurers be-
ing forc'd to fetch their wooU in waggons frequently
from the nK)ft diftant parts of the kingdom.
There are in England and Wales fifty- two counties,
two archbiftioprics, twenty-four bi](hoprics, two uni-
vcrfities, twenty-nine cities, if the four bifhoprics of
Wales are to be accounted fuch, but thefe are little bet-
It.'P than villages at prefent, upwards of eight hundred
towns, and near ten thoufand parifhes j in which are
about 7,000,000 of people. There are fcarce any ma-
nufaflures in Europe which are not brought to great
^crfeilion in England, And as to the woollen manu-
i^(^are> it exceeds any thing of that kind in other na-
** -. tions
confiderable
i : Thofe in
iid the Ifle of
akes in win-
>le navigable
merally from
ion and Ox-
ps as high as
n the world,
rhames near
war as high
ds. and ma-
. W. to the
I and South ^
ms near its
tfelf into the
and running
; on which
thers which
would be
a commu-
^h the king-
rade, land-
:ind of ma-
6liircrs be*
frequently
counties^
two uni-
hoprics of
1 little bet-
it hundred
which are
e any ma-
t to great
en manu-
other na-
Uoiis
INTRODUCTION.
tions both in goodnefs and quantity, notwithftandirtg
every other ftate has of late years endeavoured to excel
in it. The filk manufacture alfo is equal to that of
France or any other country : our dyers are very nume-
rous, and not exceeded by any other nation, either in
the beauty or durablenefs of their colours : and the
printers and ftainers of cottons have brought that art to
great perfecStion : our printers of books print them as
beautifully as the Dutch or any people whatever ; but
ftill, books cannot be afforded fo cheap here as in other
countries, the workmen there taking lefs wages than they
do in England, Our moft eminent engravers and ftatu-
aries have been foreigners, but we can now boaft of fome
very good ones among the natives : and many of our
mechanics excel other nations in their watches, clocks,
locks, and edge-tools : their cabinet-work alfo is much
admir'd : and the manufacture of glafs is brought to
great perfection, viz. coach-glafs, looking-glafs, per-
fpeCtives, drinking-glafTes, Sec, The gold-fmiths and
filver-fmiths, braziers, carpenters, and upholfters, hat-
ters, taylors and flioemakers, do not only furnifh Eng-
land with every thing that is wanted of this kind, but
vart quantities are exported to foreign countries, as well
as to the Britifti plantations. The fkreen and chair-
makers contribute to the doming and furnifhing the
dwelling-houfe. Our fhip and houfe-»arpenters, mafons,
bricklayers and fmiths, are equal to the moft ingenious
foreigners, and employ a multitude of hands ; as do the
tanners, coach-makers, wheel-wrights and fadlers. The
multitudes employ'd in hufbandry contribute ftill more
than any other fet of men to the fupporting and enrich-
ing the nation. The grazier and farmer do not only
feed and cloath the numerous inhabitants, but incredi-
ble quantities of corn, as well as woollen manufactures,
are exported abeoad, and many thoufand fhips are an-
nually victualed and fitted out for diftant voyages, or the
defence of the kingdom ; which brings me to confidcr a
little more particularly our foreign traffic, which is vaftly
great, fome of it carry 'd on by companies, and the relt
by private merchants. The Hamburgh merchants were
firft incorporated, anno 1296 : thefe export broad-cloth,
druggets.
INTRODUCTION.
druggets, long-ells, ferges, and feveral forts of ftufFs,
tobacco, fugar, ginger, Eaft-Indi* goods, tin and lead,
which are confum'd in Lower Germany ; from whence
they import great quantities of linnen-yarn, kid-fkins,
tin-plates, and other articles.
' The Ruflia merchants export coarfe woollen cloths,
long-ells, worfted, ftufFs, tin, lead, and tobacco ; and
import from Ruflia, hemp, flax, linnen. linnen-yarn,
RuHia-leather, tallow, furs, iron, pot-afhes, and naval
ftores.
The Eaftland company trade to all the countries with-
in the Sound, viz. Norway, Sweden, Poland, Livonia,
Prufila, Pomerania, and Mecklenburg ; but this trade as
well as that to Norway and Denmark, is in a manner
laid open. To thefe countries we carry fome of our
cloth, and other manufactures ; but fend chiefly ready
money for their iron, copper, timber, and naval ftores ;
and the Turky merchants export broad cloth, long-ells,
tin, lead, iron, fugar, and fome bullion. And they im-
port great quantities of raw filk, grogram-yarn, oying-
ftufFs, drugs, foap, leather, cotton, fruit, and oil.
The Eaft-India company export bullion to a very great
value, le^^ cloth, and fome other Englifti manufactures :
and impc.c raw and wrought filks, caljicoes, chints, tea.
China-ware, cabinets, &c. All the wrought filks and
calicoes being exported agais.
The African and Guiney merchants purchafe Negroes
with the manufactures and produce of England, and
tranfport the Negroes to the Britifh plantations in Ame-
rica : they bring home alfo gold-duft, ivory, red- wood,
Guiney-grain, he.
7 he African company, 'tis faid, never traded for more
than 5 or 6000 Negroes annually ; but fince that trade
has been laid open, 30,000 and upwards have been pur-
chafed in a year.
The Canary company export bays, kerfies, ferges,
Norwich fturfs, ftockings, hats, fuftians, haberdaftiery
wares, tin, hard ware, herrings, pilchards, pipe-ftaves,
&c. And they import Canary wines, logwood, hides,
indigo, cochineal, and other produce of Spanifh Ame-
rica. ■' >" • ■ »^',-'' '■ '^ :._.•_•■«:*... _ ... ,..
. -. ^\ The
N.
)rts offtufFs,
tin and lead,
rom whence
*n, kid-fkins,
>olIen cloths',
obacco; and
linnen-yarn,
J and naval
intries with-
nd, Livonia,
this trade as
in a manner
fome of our
:hiefly feady
laval llores ;
I, long-ells,
nd they im-
am, dying-
oil.
a very great
nufadures :
chints, tea,
t filks and
ife Negroes
gland, and
IS in Ame-
red-w^ood,
•d for more
that trade
been pur-
■s, ferges,
3erda{hery
pe-ftaves,
jd, hides,
ifh Ame-
INTRODUCTION.
The Hudfon's-bay company export woollen goods,
haberdafliery wares, knives, hatchets, arms, and other
hard ware ; and import great quantities of beaver fkins,
and other Ikins and furs.
The trade to Italy is carried on by feparate merchants,
who export broad cloth, long-ells, bays, druggets, cala-
mancoes, camblets, and other fluifs, leather, tin, lead,
fifh, pepper, and Eaft-India goods ; and they import raw
and wrought filk, wine, foap, olives, oil, anchovies and
dyers wares. The balance for thrown filk, to Piedmont
only, amounted at one time to 200,000 pounds.
The merchants that trade to Spain export broad cloth,
druggets, bays, long-ells, calamancoes, and other fluffs,
tin, lead, leather, fifh, corn, and haberdafhery wares :
and they import wine, oil, fait, and fruits. From this
trade, 'tis computed, England did receive a greater ba-
lance than from any other : But the French have the
greatcft (hare of this trade at prefent. -
To France our merchants ufed to export tobacco,
horn-plates, tin, lead, flannel, and corn; and they
imported from thence wine, brandy, linnen, fine cam-
brics, lace, lawn, brocades, velvets, and other rich fillc
manufactures ; but thefe lafl: articles are now run in upon
us, or brought by the way of Holland, This trade with
France is the mofl difadvantageous of any to England ;
it were better we had no trade with them ; but fcarcc
any thing is liked by the Quality, either to drink or
wear, but what is French,
To Flanders our merchants export fome ferges, flan-
nels, and fluffs, fugar, tobacco, tin, and lead 5 and im-
port from thence fine cambrics, lawns, lace, linen, thread,
and tapes, to a very great value j fo that the balance is
very much againfl us. ' ' ' . i ' t? 1
To Holland we export broad-cloth, druggets, long-clls,
(luffs, leather, corn, coals, India and Turky re-exported
goods, fugars, tobacco, rice, ginger, pitch, tar, and the
produce of our Plantations ; and we import lace. Cam-
brics, fine holland, linen, thread, tapes, incles, whale-
fins^ madder, argol, toys, clapboard, wainfcot, India-
fpices, (viz.) nutmegs, m«ice, cloves, and cinnamon.
The
To
INTRODUCTION.
To Ireland the merchants export fine broad-cloth,
filk, ribbons, gold and filver lace, cutlery wares, pe'-vter,
hops, coals, tobacco, fugar, Eaft-lndia goods, hollands,
and whatever they wear almoft, except linnen and coarfe
woollen ; and we import from thence woollen and Ihien-
. yarn, and wooll in the fleece. And many of their noble-
men and gentlemen, refiding in England, moft part of
their rents are returned hither, and fpent here. The Irlfii
export to Holland, Fraiice, Flanders, Portugal, and the
Weft-Indies, great quantities of beef, butter and tallow.
From England are exported to the Sugar Iflands, la
America, all manner of cloathing, both linen and woollen,
and furniture for their houles ; and we take the produce
of thofe iflands in return, which, befides fugar, yield gin-
ger, indigo, rum, molafles, coffee, and formerly the cacao
or chocolate-nut was cultivated in Jamaica.
To the Tobacco Plantations, on the continent of
America, alfo, are exported all manner of cloathing and
furniture, receiving tobacco in return, which is great
part of it re-exported.
To Carolina, the fame fpecies of gooods are carried
as to the Tobacco Plantations ; and we receive from
thence vafb quantities of rice and fkins, pitch and tar ;
and the country produces fome filk. X^ere are hopes
alfo, that we may receive wine from thence, the coun-
try producing grapes fpontaneoufly. And the olive-tree
thrives here, which, if cultivated, may furnifh us with
oil, in another age.
Our merchants export all manner of cloathing and
furniture to the northern colonies, (viz.) Penfilvania,
the Jerfeys, New York, and New England ; which they
pay for with logwood, and the produce of Spanifh Ame-
rica, with which they carry on a clandeftine trade fre-
quently, and fend over hither all the filver they can pick
; up on thofe coafts. ■ \ >
; As to the conftitution of the government : England is
.^limited monarchy; the power of making and altering
. lavvs, and raiftng taxes, being lodged in the king, lords,
.and commons. Anciently, the lords had a great influ-
ence on the whole ftjite, and have fometimes brought
the crown very low. Afterwards, the commons grew
) N.
c broad-cloth,
ivares, petvter,
>otIj, hollands,
men and coarfe
Hen and linen-
of their noble-
» moft part of
;re. Thclrlfii
tugal, and the
r and tallow,
^ar Iflands, in
1 and woollen,
e the produce
gar, yield gin-
gerly the cacao
t
continent of
cloathing and
'hich is great
^s are carried
receive from
tch and tar ;
re are hopes
the coun-
le olive-tree
ifh us with
oathing and
Penfilvania,
which they
)ani(h Ame-
trade fre-
ey can pick
England is
nd altering
ing, lords,
;reat influ-
es brought
nons grew
up
1
INTRODUCTION.'
up to great power, and had no fmall fhare in the direc-
tion of the government ; but the crown has fmce found
means to engage the other branches of the legiflature fa
effectually in its interefts, that it has met with very little
oppofition from either of late years.
Until the reign of King Charles If. there were.no
{landing forces in England, unlefs the gentlemen-pen*
fioners, and the yeomen of the guard may be reckoned
fuch ; and, in that reign, the reguJar troops did not
amount to 4000 men. In the reigns of King William
and Queen Anne, the {landing forces, in time of peace,
were limited to 7000, or thereabouts.
The money raifed annually for the fervicc •\ I.
of the' government, in the reign of King (.1,200,000
Charles II. amounted to, in time of peace 3
In the reign of King James II. the annual \
txpence was increafcd to — — — j
The annual expence of the prefent go
,000,000
vernment amounts to
elent go- |
9,375jOOO
and upwards, if the following calculation
, be right, viz.
The land tax, at 2 J. in the pound, raifes 7
about _ . Jl.OCO.OCO.
The malt, about — «— .— — — 0,750,000
Tlie culloms and excife, about — — 6,000,000
Stamp duties, about — — — — 0,125,000
Window tax, hawkers and pedlars, and >
other fmall taxes ^ J 1,500,000 ^
Total — 9,375,000
The whole of thefe duties appropriated to pay the in-
tcrell of the national debt, the revenue of the king,
and royal family, the civil lift, and other demands on
the government, (except the land and malt tax.)
n
Grants for the year 1755.
For 12,000 feamen, at 4 /. per man, J /,
per month, for 13 months, inclu- [.624)000
ding ordnance for fea fervice
an,)
:lu-t
5,
00
00
For
\
40>350
INTRODUCTION.
For the ordinary of the navy, in- 1 ^ ^q
eluding half-pay to fea-officers— J 2«0,2b8
For the fupport of Greenwich ho- 7 '
fpital _ _ _ -\ 10.°°°
For buildino:, re-buildino;, and repair i
ofhisMajefty'sfhips _ *^_^ 1 00.000
For 18,885 men, for guards and gar- -j ^*
rifon in Great Britain, Guernfey, (.628,315
and Jerfey — — — — 3 .^ti l i.t
For the garrifons of Gibraltar, Mi- 1 ,
norca, and the Plantations 1 ^ '^
For two regiments of foot, to be
railed in North America
For defraying the charges of the
officers going over with General C
Bradock — — — — 3
For defraying the charges of the ^
hofpitai, eftablilhed for General L
Bradock's expedition — — 3
For the reduced officers of the land 1
forces and marines — — — J
For defraying the charge for allow-.
ance to the officers, ^c. of the
two troops of horfe- guards, and
regiment of horfe reduced, and to
the fuperannuated gentlemen of
the four troops of horfe guards —
For paying the pcnfions to the wi
dows of the reduced officers of
the land forces and marines, who
died on the eftabliftiment of half-
pay, and were married before 25
Dec. 17 16 — — — —
For the out penfioncrs of Chelfea 1
college -— •— — — — i
For defraying the extraordinary cx-
penccs of the land fore
other fervices, incurred
not provided for by parliament
1
s»
d. 1
H
01
00
00
CO
CO i
07
11
18
06
15
00
02 06
l?tf»»' >-'» •!*
1,779 ^7 06
47,000
- - *■• ■
' 3>73S
00 00
09 07
2,562 00 00
». I
inary ex- -|
ces, and /
in 1754, f
imcnt — J
59»79i
60,254
12 01
08. .00
For
i.
J.
d.
!8
H
01
00
00
>o
CO
CO
5
07
11
1.
6
18 '
06
15 00
8
02
06
m*'
•' Uifi
■
ikr^s-^d ii
/-A
9
oy
06
fan
» '
' »•
00
00
&■ '
'1 r,
•' J
S
09
C7
a 00 oa
' ».
12 01
. 08 00
»■'
For
INTRODUCT
For the charge of the office ofi
ordnance, for the year 1755 .*- J
For defraying the extraordinaries, ^
of ditto, in 1754) not provided C
for — — — — —)
Subfidies to the Ele£lor of Bavaria
To the King of Poland, Elcftor )
of Saxony — — — — )
Sundry fervices for maintaining )
Nova Scotia in 1755 — — J
For defraying the expences of
Georgia from 24 June, 1754
to 24 June, 1755
Towards difcharging the navy debt
For augmenting the forces by fea
and land — — — — J
For keeping in repair the road "i
from Newcaftle to Carlifle — J
For building and repairing the >
forts in Africa — — — J
For building a fort at Annamaboe
For a reward to Thomas Stevens,
for
making
cing
merica
;i
I N.
/.
f.
(/.
119,316
10
CO
32,250
c8
08
20, coo
00
00
32,000
00
03
40,418
07
08
2,957
10
09
70,000
00
00
,000,000
00
00
6,000
00
CO
10,000
00
CO
6,000
00
00
3,000
00
00
Ways and means for the year 1755.
By the land tax, at 2s. in the pound-1,000,000
By the duty on malt, cyder, ^V.- 750,000
By the overplus of the grants for }
1754 — — — — — f
By the furplus of the duty on coals, 1
fmce 25 March, 17 19 — — j
Ditto on the duty of licences for I
retailing fpirituous liquors — J
Ditto on the furplus of the funds )
for the lottery of 1 7 14 — )
By lottery — — — — — 1,000,000
Out of the finking fund — «— >j,420)00o
16,494
i9>923
28,201
00
00
19
17
12
19
00
00
00
00
C2
lOj
C9
c8
00
00
Debts
INTRODUCTION.
• i
Debts due from the Government to the three great
Companies, (viz.) the Bank, the South Sea, and the
India Company, anno 1755.
• ' ''^^'^ Bank.
Capital.
10780000 00 CO
Ditto 3! A per cent. an. I ft 14982955 18 04
Ditto 2d Ditto 2716867 18 00
Ditto" 3/. per cent. an. 1726 — icooooo 00 00
Ditto, Ditto Confolidated — 91 37821 05 01 J
South Sea Stock.
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
3662784 08 06
old an. lit Tub. — — - 9050911 08 07
3353358 14 00
- 62848C8 16 05
31673446 06 05
— 21000CO 00 00
2d Ditto
new an. ift Ditto
2d Ditto
Ditto 3 /. per cent. an.
Eail-India Stock.
Ditto 3 1 /. per cent. an.
Ditto 3/. Ditto —
3200000
200COOO
I 000000
00
00
00
CO
00
00
:r.-r: or
/• 7 '942954 15 04i
As to the admiuiftration of juftice; this is the bufi-
nefs of the courts in Wellminiiler-hall, (viz.) the court
of Chancery, the courts of King*s-bench, Common Pleas,
and Exchequer, the courts of the rcfpeitive Corpora-
tions, the Sheriffs', and other inferior courts ; the laft
rcfort in all civil caufcs being to the Houfe of Peers.
But how juft and equitable foever the laws cf England
may be, and however impartially adrainiftered by the
refpe^tivc courts, fuch is the expencc of coming at ju-
{lice, that it is much more prudctvt to lofe a fmall fum^
than to go to law for it. And where a man has a rich
adveri'ary to contend with, he will be obliged to fpend
vaft fums to come at his right, and perhaps be kept in
fufpence many years, be his caufe ever fo juft.
The ecclcfiaftical Government is in the archbifliops
and biftiops, who adminifter juftice in their re(pc£tive
courts in iiatteri relaxing to ecclefiaftical affairs, by
4 their
N.
; three great
Sea, and the
ipital. '
DO 00 CO
55 i« 04
'}'] 18 00
DO 00 00
ii 05 oij
J4 08 06
II 08 07
)8 14 00
8 16 05
^6 06 05
;o 00 00
>o 00 CO
lO CO 00
^O 00 00
4 15 04i
is the bufi-
) the court
nmoii Pleas,
ve Corpora-
s; the iaft
"e of Peers,
cf England
red by the
ming at ju-
fmall fum,
has a rich
d to fpend
be kept in
•
archbiQiops
■ reipc£tivc
affairs, by
their
A
INTRODUCTION.
their chancellors, officials, archdeacons, and other ofH-
cers ; and thefe courts alfo take cognizance of all caufes
relating to tithes, wills, adminiflrations, and marriagc-
contradts. In the court of Chancery, and the Eccle-
fiaftical courts, witnelTes are examined on interrogatories,
and their depofitions taken in writing, on which the
judge founds his decrees ; but in the courts of common
Jaw, the witneflcs are examined viva voce, and crofs-
cxamined in court, and en their evidence, a jury of
twelve fubftantial freeholders, return'd by the fherifF, de-
termine every fa6l ; nor can the judges reverfe or alter
their verdi(£t, uniefs fome corrupt or indirect practices
appear to have been ufed in obtaining it.
'..'-+-
.Of the Convocation.
^ -^ « ifr
Whenever a parliament is called, the king always
convokes a national fynod of the clergj"^, to confidtr
of the ftate of the church, dlrcfling his writs to the
archbifhop of each province, to fummon all bifhopj;,
deans, archdeacons, &c. to meet at a certain time and
place. And thereupon, the archbifhop of Canterbury
directs his mandate to the bifhop of London, as dean
provincial, to cite all bifhops, deans, archdeacons, to
appear at a certain d.ly, dired^ing him, that one prbdor
be fent for each cathedral and collegiate church, and
two for the body of the inferior clergy of each diocefc.'
The convocation of the clergv of the province of Can-
terbury ufually afl'cmble in St. Paul's cathedral, in Lon-
doji, and from thence adjourn to the chapter houTc, or
Weftmlnder. ■'»- ^" ••- * • ' ' • ■
The upper houfe, in this province, confifts of twenty-
two bifhops, of whom the archbifhop is prefident. And
the lower houfe confifls of all the deans, archdeacon.^,
one pro6lor for every chapter, and two proctors for the
clergy of each diocefc ; in all 166.
The archbifhop of York may hold a convocation of
his clergy at the fame time ; but neither the one nor the
other has been fufFcrcd to enter upon bufinefs for many
ycar.^, tho' they are always regularly funmioned to mcrt
b 2 with
1 1
INTRODUCTION.
with every parliament, being looked upon as an eflen*
tial part of the conftitution.
:o
Of the Ecclesiastical Courts.
The higheft ccclefiaftical court is that of the Dele-
gates ; which cohfifts of commiflioners appointed by his
majefty, under the broad feal, to hear appeals from in-
ferior courts., /.;^ _ „, , „ .
The next court is that or the Arches, to which arc
^ire'fted appeals in ecclefiartical caufes in- the province
of Canterbury. Here the judge alone determines the
caufe, without a jury : and ail procefs, in this court,
runs in the name of the judge.
In the court of Audience, the archbifliop avocates a
caufe to his own hearing.
The Prerogative court takes cognizance of wills, and
inttftates eflates.
The court of Peculiars takes cognizance of caufes in
certain pariflies, exempt from the juvifdidlion of the
bi(hop of any diocefe.
The bilhop of e\ cry diocefe hath a court held in his
cathedral, that takes cognizance of wills, intettates
cftates, &CC. where his chancellor is judge ; and where
the diocefe is large, he hath commiiTaries in the diftant
parts, who fit as judges in the places affigned them j
iind thefe are called Confiftory courts, , . , .. .^ ; .,^. ,,.
Every archdeacon alfo hath his court, and judges of
caufes of an inferior nature within his jurifdidlion, ,.. ^
; ,i . ,,, Of the Parliament. . .Vr
Every Parliament is fummoned by the king's writs
to meet, fifty days before they aflcmble ; a writ is di-
rcdVed to every particular loru, fpiritual and temporal,
commanding him to appear at a certain time and place,
to treat and advife of certain weighty affairs relating to
church and flate.
Writs alfo are fent to the (heriff of every county, to
fummon thof« who have a right to vote for rcprefcnta-
^- • ' lives.
I.
as an efleiK.
rs.
.1 '
>f the Dele-
intecl by his
Is from iii-
which are
le province
Tinincs the
this court,
avocates a
' wills, and
)f caufes in
:ion of the
held in his
intettates
and where
the diftant
ned them j
judges of
ion.
)•..-.■»
, ',.•■«
ng s writs
writ is di-
temporal,
and place,
elating to
:ounty, to
cprefcnta-
tives.
INTRODUCTION.
tives, to e]e6k two knights for each county, two citi-
zens for each city, and one or two burgciles for each
borough, according to ancient cuftom.
Every candidate for a county, in England, ought
to be poiTeffed of an eftate of 600I. per annum; and
every candidate for a city or corporation, of 300 1. per
annum.
The lord chancellor, or keeper for the time being,
is always fpeaker in the houfe of Peers, but the com-
mons ele6t their fpeaker, who mud be approved by
the king. No Roman Catholic can fit in cither houfe,
nor any member vote 'till he has taken the oaths to tlic
government.
The twelve judges, and the mafters in chancery, fit
in the houfe of 1 eers, but have no vote ; but the judges
give their opinions in points of law when it is re-
quired ; and the mafters in chancery are ufually em-
ployed upon meflages to the commons, and carrying
down bills. The commons fend up all meflages and
bills by fome of their own members. The lords have
the privilege of making proxies to vote for them in their
abfence, but the commons have not.
The commons only have the power of introducing
money bills, in which they will not fufFer the lore's to
make any alteration, tho' they may rejcdl the whole.
l^hc commons can impeach any peer of the realm,
but the lords only can try them for capital offences, elthec
upon an indi£tment, or an impeachment, and the u hole
houfe are made judges of the offence, tho' the trial be
in the intervals of parliament. . . \ ,
Any member of the commons may move to brln^ in
a bill, which, if agreed to, he prepares it with fome of
his friends, and prefents it to the houfe, and it being
read a firft time, the fpeaker reads an abfhact of the bill,
and puts the queftion if it fliall have a fecond reading »
und upon the fccond reading, it is ufually committed 10
a committee, or thrown out.
When the committee has gone thro' the bill, the
chairman makes his report at the fide-bar, residing 41
the alterations made by the committee, wivich arc citlu r
b 3 agretd
INTRODUCTION.
agreed to, or rejetSed by I'fie houfe, as the queftion is put
on every one of them ; and the queftion being again
put, whether the bill fo amended {hall be engroffed and
read a third time, on a farther day, and refolved in the
affirmative, the fpeaker at that day puts the queftion, if
the bill (hall pafs j which, if agreed to, it is then carried
to the lords. -. . ■
There muft be forty members prcfent to eonftltute a
houfe of commons, and eight in a committee.
If a bill be rejedcd, it can't be brought in again the
fame feflions.
The members dire(f{: their fpeeches only to the fpeaker,
and if any one anlwers, the firft is not allowed to reply
the fame day. And if a bill be debated in the houfe,
no member can fpeak to it more than once the fi'.me day,
unlefs the houfe be turned into a committee, and then
every man may fpeak to it as often as he plcafes, if the
chairman think proper.
The commons give their votes by ay's and no's, and
if it be uncertain which is the greater number, the
houfe divides. If the queftion be to bring any matter
into the houfe, as a bill or petition, then the ay's ga
out; but if it relates to any thins; the houfe is already
pofTeffed of, the no's go out. li it be in a committee,
they change fides ; the ay's taking the right, and the
no's the left- hand^f the chair. "-^ ? - »
Where the houfes differ about a bill, or any other •
matter, a conference is demanded in the painted chani- !
bcr, where a deputation from each houfe meet, the lorda
fitting covered at a table, and the commons ftandlng ,
bare. If they agree, the bill ufually receives the royal
kflent ; but the king may reje£l it.
A bill for a general pardon, comii>g from the crown, ■
is read but once, in cither houfe j tho* every other bitl
is read three times.
After an adjournment ';^ either houfe, things continue
m the farrve ftate they were in 'till the next meeting,
a/id may then be refumed ; but by a prorogation the
f:(Brjn is ended, and all bills that did not receive the
I
royal afTent, are iqIL
'I,. ./*
The
jftion is put
>eiiig again
^rofied and
Ived in the
^ueftion, if
hen carried
onftltute a
again the
ic fpcaker,
d to reply
the iioufe,
Ti'.me day,
and then
fes, if J he
■ It, - _ .
no's, and
nber, the
ny matter
e ay's go
is already
)mm.ittec>
and the
my other
d chani-
the Jordo
(landing
he royal
crown, •
ther bifi
:ontinue
rieeling,
ion the
cive the :
The
" 1 N T R O D U C T I*0 N.
The parliament was formerly diflblved by the king's
death, but now they (hall continue fitting, or aflemble,
if they are not fitting j and continue fo till difmifFed by
the fuccefibr.
In the houfe of Peers every lord gives his vote (be-
ginning with the youngeft) declaring he is Content or not
Content. And here all things are carried by a majority,
as in the houfe of Commons.
Of the Courts of Justice.
liiil
:ij»li-
■J'J-.uf
The court of Chancery, of which the lord chancellor
or keeper is the fole judge, is a court of Equity, and
exainincs chiefly into frauds, breaches of truft, and fe-
cret ufes j and moderates the rigor of the common law in
many cafes. The proceedings are by bills, anfwers, and
decrees j the witncfles are examined in private, but its
decrees can only bind the perfons of the fuitors, and not
their lands or goods j fo that if a man chufes to lie in
prifon rather than obey a decree of the court of chancery,
there is no remedy for it.
The lord chancellor hath twelve affiftants, ufually
called mafters in chancery ; the firft whereof is the ma-
iler of the rolls, fo caHed from his being keeper of the
rolls, or records belonging to the court of chancery ;
and, in the abfence of the chancellor, he hears caufes at
the rolls, and fometimes in the court of chancery ; he
hath alfo in his gift the offices of the Six Clerks.
The office of the Six Clerks, is to inroll commiflions,
pardons, patents, &c. which pafs the great feal, and they
are attornies for the fuitors in all cafes depending in this
court. And under thefe clerks are fixty more, who
difpatch all the bufinefs of that ojRice. And there are
two examiners in tiie court of chancery, who examine
all witncfles on their oaths, and take their depofi-
Ihe court of Chancery iffues out commiffions for
charitable ufes, inquiring into fuch frauds and abuics as
may have been committed, where eftatcs or money have
been given to any charitable uk^ obliging the tiuftecs
. , 10
1 1
n
»
I
INTRODUCTIOlsr
to perform their truft, according to the intent of the re*
fpeilive donors.
The Matters in chancery fit on the bench with the
Lord Chancellor, three at a time, by turns; and to them
are ufually referred matters of account, but never the
merits of any caufe. '" ' • '
■ The court of kin (r's -bench take cognizances of all cri-
minal caufes, viz. treafons, felonies, and breaches of the
peace, and can examine, rontroul, and correal the judg-
ments and proceedings of other courts, not only in pleas
of the crown, but in all pleas, real, perfonal, and niix'd,
except thofe of the Exchequer ; there are four judges in
this court, viz. the lord chief juftice, flyled, lord chief
jufticc of England, and lord chief juftice, by way of emi«
nence, who is created by patent, as well as the three
puifne judges ; they all hold their places for life ; the
falary of the chief juftice being 4000 1. per annum, and
of each of the other judges 1500I. per annum.
This court grants prohibitions to other courts, both
ecclefiaftical and civil, when they exceed the bounds of
their jurifdiftion. All matters of fa£l, relating either
to civil or criminal cauies, are determined here by a
jury.
'1 he court of Common Pleas takes cognizance only of
civil caufes ; and real actions are pleadable nowhere elfe:
neither can fines be levied, or recoveries fufFered in any
other court. The judges of this court are the lord chief
juftice of the Common Pleas, and three otiier judges ; the
falary of the chief 2000 1. and of each of the puifne jud;res
1500 1. per annum. They are created by patent for life^
None but fcrjeants at law can plead in thts court ; and
the trial of all fa6ts are by a jury.
In the court of exchequer are tried aH caufes relating;
to the public revenues, as well as thofe of private right
between party and party ; and the Exchequer is a court
of equity, as well as a court of law ; where fuitors pro-
ceed by way of bill and anfwer. The faPary of the lord
chief baion is 2000 1. per annum, and the other three
barons have a falary of 1500K per annum each, and
enjoy their places for life.
The
• :i
K
^t of the re-
ich with the
^nd to them
Jt never the
es of all cri-
^aches of the
■£t the judg-
►nly in pleas
and mix'cl,
ir Judges in
» lord chief
^ay of emi-
5 the three
T ll^e ; the
nnum, and
i.
3urts, both
bounds of
•«ng either
here by a
ce only of
I'here cl(e :
ed in any
Jord chief
'c^ges ; the-
ne jud;''es
t for life,
urtj and
s relating
ate rjrrht
s a court
tors pro«
the lord
er three
eh, and
INTRODUCTION.
The counties of England being divided into fix dr-
cults, two of the twelve judges are affigned to go each
of the circuits twice a year, when they hear and deter-
mine all criminal as well as civil caufes, at the affizes
held for the refpedtive counties, in fpring and autumn.
All fa6ls being tried by u ^ury, as they are in the courts
of common law in Weftminfter-hall.
Wales, alfo, is divided into circuits, and two judges
appointed annually to hear and determine caufes in each.
in every city, both civil and criminal caufes are tried
in the court of the mayor and aldermen, in trivial mat-
ters ; but they determine no capital cafes, nor pleas of
land ; and caufes may be removed from thence to the
fuperior courts. And in towns that are incorporated,,
the magiflri'tes have the like power of holding courts,
and determining caufes. •< < ■ • ■■■ -^ -
The lords of manors alfo hold courts-leet, and courts-
baron, where their tenants are obliged to attend and re-
ceive juftice, in fome few cafes : but the bufinefs of
courts -leet is chiefly to prefent and punifh nufances ; and
at courts -baron, the conveyances, and alienations of the
copy- hold tenants are enrolled, and they are admitted to
their eftates on a defcent or purchafe. There are alfo
Sheriffs-courts, and Hundred-courts, held in all parts of
England, where little matters are controverted j but thefe
inferior courts are the plague of every neighbourhood, the
fuit being managed by little rafcally pettifoggers, who
commit more robberies, under the colour of law, than
all the highwaymen in England : and what renders thefe
oppreflions ftill the more grievous is, that they arc ufually
exercifed on the pooreft people, unable to defend them-
fclves, who are furprifed into an execution, and their beds
taken from under them, where the matter in difpute is
but for a trifle. If courts of confcicnce were ereitcd in
the country, as in London, for the recovery of fmall debtl^
a great deal of this barbarity might be prevcn^^ed. Several
courts of confcicnce have been erected in other parts of
the kingdom* by adl of parliament, fmce the former im-
preflions of thefe fheets, and other places may have them
on application to parliament. ..-.[
•f ♦.
4 V
fufllccs
INTRODUCTION.
Juftlces of peace are appointed in every county, wha
have in a great meafure the government of it ; and the
only qualification required for that office is an eftate of
lool. per annum, no matter w^hether he underftands a
fyllable of law, tho' he is intrufted with a power of put-
ting great part of the flatute law in execution, in relation
to the poor, the highways, vagrants, treafons, felonies,
riots, the prefervation of the game, &c. In capital of-
fences indeed, they only commit or bind over the offen-
der to take his trial at the aflizcs ; but in moft other cafes
they determine matters finally at their quaiter-feflions,
dpecially in relation to the poor. And indeed the juftices,
even out of feffions, have a very great power over the
lower fort of people, as to their fettlemenls and removals.
A juftice of peace ufually a6\s as arbitrarily in his divifion
as any prince in Europe in his territories, and it is in
vain for a poor man to oppofc him, however oppreffive
or unjuft his proceedings may be ; but never were fuch
oppreflions exercifed more frequently than when the power
of prefling foldiers was committed to them : If a labouring
man was about to marry, he was furely fent for a foldier,
to prevent bringing a charge upon the parifh j and ju-
ftices, conftables, and other officers, have often fent poor
men away froni their families only to gratify their re-
ven2;e, or ferve a prefent turn : many of them have been
thro"\vn into dungeons, and almoft (lal-ved, before the
officers came to take them off their hands ; and fome of
them have been found fuch miferable objedts, that neither
the fea or land officers would entertain them.
As to the office of high conftable, or petty conftable,
it confifts chiefly in ferving the juftices warrants and or-
ders, and keeping the peace, and apprehending vagabonds ;
but they can't detain an offender any longer than they can
conveniently have him before a juftice of the peace
♦ The lord lieutenants, and deputy lieutenants, had here-
tofore a confiderable power and influence in their re-
fpedtive counties ; but fince theincreafe of our ftanding
forces, the militia under their command have been feldom
muftered or exercifed ; when they are, every eftate of
300 1. per annum^ finds a trooper, and every eftate of
j^ol.
t' *x
•*
Dunty, wha
It; and the
n e(hte of
derftands a
ver of put-
in relation
s, felonies,
capital of-
the offen-
other cafes
er-feflions,
bejuftices,
r over the
removals,
lis divifion
Jd it is in
oppreilive
were fuch
the powder
labouring
a foldier,
J and ju-
fent poor
their re-
lave been
efore the
fome of
It neither
onflnble,
and or-
abonds;
they can
ce
ad here-
leir re-
[landing
feldom
(Kite of
tate of
50 1.
r N T .< O P U C T I O N.
50 1. per annum, a . >ot foldi* , and people o( (m. !cr
eftates join to funi; out a 1 »rfc or foot fold»\;r. 1 he
pay of a horfeitian btUi^ as. od. a y, ant that ' a
footman I s. For the providing a;i di\d u inutntiun,
the lord lieutenant, and, in his abien e, the t /puty lieu-
tenants, are impov^^ered to levy, annually, a Iburth part
of each man's proportion of the tax of 70,000!. per
month, on the w^hole kingdom. And where the militia
are required to march out of their refpeflive counties, they
are impowered to levy a month's pay for every foldier,
which is to be repaid by the government ; but the month's
pay raifed foon after the revolution, when the fleet under
admiral Torrington was defeated, and the militia were
required to march towards the fea coaft, is not yet re-
paid.
V, t .
■1-
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Ill -II, .'*.#
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-. !t-
lA.'
f^>V^ 'i Ji-i '
1:1;.
[:A i\'y.'>" ■.)-'-«i'
tH v*i-^v. ,5; '^ ■ ■ i: ^.f . •' -fiT.o..^ ABBR£«
'i*
fit
.?«
•^m'^ -iif f . - mti»^'m m ' u ' jmj m
ABBREVIATIONS.
A
Rchb..
bifli."
can.
cir.
■ •-
CO.
con.
D.
dir.
E.
K.
'5t'
lat.
Ian.
Ion.
m.
min.
. '
mar.
N.
pal.
>
pr.
S.
fub.
ter.
umv.
w.
-for Archbifliop,
bifhop.
• canton.
■ circle.
county.
continent.
r duke.
— < dukedom,
C duchy.
diftridt.
eaft.
J king.
Ikii
ingdom,
— latitude.
— landgrave.
— longitude.
— miles.
— minutes.
Jmarquifate.
margrave.
— North.
— palatinate.
'^ C province.
"" I principality,
— fouth.
— Tubje6l.
— territory.
— univerfity.
— weft.
■■^
I
N, B, Where the quarter of the world is not mentioned
in the defcription of any place, it is always in Eu-
rope. And where the latitude is not fpecined, it is
always meant north latitude.
THE
N S.
jp.
THE
-*«!
r-*
Modern Gazetteer :
O R, A
S H O R T VI E W
Eft
w9
tc.
ity«
>t mentioned
I ways in Eu-
>ecined, it is
THE
OF THE
k ^'« A
WORLD.
. * f ■*-
A A
r .
A B
A Ned
in I
rrn(<
by St.
A, a river of the Ftench
Netherlands, which rifes
Picardy, runs N. £.
crofs Aitois, and pafling
Omers> continues its courfe
|N. to Giavelin in Flanders, below
Jwhich it falls into the EngliAi channel.
%f Aa, a river of Germany, which
rifing in the S. of Weftphalia, runs
'^. by Munftcr, and fialls into the
^iver Ems.
* Aach, E. Jon. 9. lat. 47. 45, a
t^ttown of Germany, in the cir. of Sua-
,|bia, fit. ao m. N, W. of Conftance,
Tub. to the houfe of Auftria.
Aarhuys, a city and country of
futland. SeeARHUSEN,
Aar, a river of Switzerland,
Ivhich vifing in the Alps, runs N.
^y tii2 city of Bern, and afterwards
^y Soloturn, and then turning N. E,
falls into the riVer Rhine, againft
|Waldfhat, a foreft to\Vn of Suabia.
Aar AW, a town of Switzerland,
IE. Ion. 8. lat. 47. 20. Hr. on the
I river Aar, 30 m. .4, E. of Bern j fub,
to the ca». of Bern.
Aalburc. SeeAtBTfRc.
Abach, E. Ion. 12. lat. 4S. j|9*
a t(3wn of Germany, in the circ. of
Bavaria, fit. on the rivqr Danube, 5
in. S» W. of Ratifbon. ' - \
Abano^ Ek Ion. to. lat.45. 30*
a tuwn of Italy, in the ter. of i'a-.
dua, fit. 5 m. S. W. of the city pi
Fadua j lub. to Venice.
Abbv-bovle, W. Ion. 8. 30.
lat, 53. 54. a town of Ireland, irj
the CO. of Rofcomnjpn, and or. 6f
Connaught, fit. 13 m. K. of Rof-
common.
Abbeville, E. Ion. 2. lat. 56.
7. a large city of France, in the pr.
of Picardy, C\-.. go m. N.- cf I'arijs,
and 15 E. of the Britifli cha;;nei,
confiderable for its wcollen nunvi-
failure, which is faid to equal thhc
of any town in England.
ABENSt'URG, E. Ion. II. /\6^
latj 48. 40. a town of Germany, in
the cir. of Bavaria, fit. on the river
Abenfe, near the Danube, 15 m.
S. W. of Ratifi)on.
Aberdeen, W, Ion, 1.45. h^.
B 57.
A B
A C
57. 12. a city of Scotland, in the
CO. of Marr, or Aberdeen, divideJ
Into the new and old town, the old
town fit. at the mouth of the river
Donn, and the new town at the
mouth of the river Dee, upon the
German ccean, with a good harbour.
It was the fee of a bi^. and is flill a
vniv. It flands S4 m. N. E. of Edin-
burgh, and 58 N. E. of St. Andrews.
Aberconwy. See ConwaY|
in Wales.
. Abjdrbrothock, or Ardbro-
thock, W. Ion. 2. zo, ht* 56. 30.
a town of Scotland, in the co. of
Angus, fit. on the river Tay, 40 m.
N. E. of Edinburgh, and 15 N. £. of
St. Andrews.
AOXJIGAVENNY, W. lon; 3.
32. lat. 51. 50. A town of Mon-
mouth/lure, lit. 14 ra. V/. of Mon-
mouth.
Abcrystwith, W. Ion, 4.
15. lat. 52. 30. A market town of
Cardigan/hire in Wales, fit. at the
mouth of the river Yilwith, on the
Irilli fca, 27 m. N. £. of Cardigan.
Abex, a country of Africa, S. of
Zgypt, lying along the W. coafl of
the Red £ca } fub. to the Turks.
AoiNGTON, W. Ion. t. 20. lat.
51. 35. a borough town of Berkshire,
it, on the river Thame.*, 55 m. W,
iff London, and 5 m. S. of Oxford ;
lands une member to parliament, and
from hence the noble fami^ of Ber-
tie take the title of Earl.
Abo, E. Ion. 21. 30. lat. 60. 30.
a city of Sweden, capital f>f the pr.
•f Finland, fit. at the mouth of the
rjvrr Auroioki,on theBothnic gulph,
X|o m< N. E. of Stockholm.
A B R u z z 0, a province of Naples,
in Italy, bounded by the ter. of the
P» pe on the N. and W. by the gulph
4)f Venice on the E. and by the Terra
tii Lavoro and Molifc on the S.
AbyI'OS, £. Ion. 27. 30. lat.
4^. 4 town and cafllc of the Leiler
A(U, fit. on the S. entrance of the
HclieCpout, now the fouthcrn caftle
of the Daidanells. Here the ftrait,
which divides AGa from Europe, it
2 m, over*
Abyssinia. SecETiironA.
Ac AD IE, or new Scotland, en:
of the Britifli colonies in N. America,
fit. between 63 and 70 degrees of
W. Ion. and between 43 and 51
drgrees of N, lat. bounded by the
river of St. Lawrence on the N. by
the bay of St. Lawrence and the At.
Untie ccean on the £. by the bay
of Fundi and the feas of Acadie on
the S. and by Canada and New Eng.
land on the W. the chief town An-
napolis.
AcAPULCO, W. Ion. 1-2. laf.
17. 30. a port town of N. America,
fit. in the pr. of Mexico, on a fine
bay of the South Sea, from whence
a rich fhip fails annually to Manilla
in the Philippine ifiands, near the
ccaft of CKina, in Afia, and another
returns annually from thence to Aca-
pulco, laden with all the. treafures of
the Eaft-Indies. It was one of thefe
fhips loaden with filver, and bound
from Acapuico to Manilla, that Mr,
Anfon took, near the Philippine
iflands.
AccRNO) E. Ion. 15. 40. lat.
40. 5c. a town of Italy, in the K.
of Naples, and hither pr. fit. 15 m.
£. of Salerno, and 30 S. £. of Na-
ples.
ActRRA, £. Ion. 15. lat. 41. 5.
a city of Naples, in the pr. of La-
voro, fit. on the river Patiia, 8 m,
N. of Naples } the fee of a bi(h.
AcHAiA, now Livadia, a pro-
vince of European Turky, anciently
a province of Greece, of which A-
thcns, now Scttines, was the capital.
It is bounded by Thefialy, now Jan-
na, en the N. by the Archipelago
on the E. by the Mona, from which
it is divided by the gulphs of Lepan-
to and Engia, on the S. and by Al-
bania on the W.
AcNAM, a countrj^ in the £. In-
dies, in Afia, bounded by the t^r.
of Boutan on the N. by China on the
£. by the K. of Ava on the S.
and ky the pr. of Patan and Jefuat,
in Bengal, on the W. the chiel' town
Chanvdara.
A^HKN, £, Utt 93. 30, lat. 5.
JO,
C3
ih
di<
th
St
N
ca
I
A D
A F
See Ethtoha.
Jew Scotland, on;
lies in N. America,
Jnd 70 degrees of
ween 43 and 51
. bounded by the
;nce on the N. by
/rence and the At.
he £. by the bay
feas of Acadie on
ada and New £ng>
be chief town An-
V, Ion. 1-2. lar,
irn of N. America,
Mexico, on a fine
Sea, from whence
inually to Manilla
idands, near the
ARa, and another
om thence tu Aca-
all the. treafures of
t was one of thefe
iilver, and bound
Manilla, that Mr.
r the Philippine
on. 15. 40. lat.
Italy, in the K.
her pr. (it, 15 m.
30 S. £. of Na<
n. 15. lat. 41. 5.
the pr. of Lao
ivcr Tatria, 8 m,
fee of a bifli.
Livadia, a pro>
Turky, anciently
ce, of which A-
was the capital,
eflaly, now Jan-
the Archipelago
jna, from which
^ulphs of Lepan-
le S. and by Al«
tf in the E. In-
ed by the t^r.
by China on the
Ua on the S,
atan and Jcfuar,
. thechieltov^n
93. 30, lat. 5.
JO,
'30. a confidcrable port town, the
capital of the K. of Achen, and of
the ifland of Sumatra, in the E. In-
die, in Afia, fit. on the N. part of
the ifland, 1000 m. S. E. of Fort
Si. (leorgc, in Im'ia, and 450 m.
N. W. of the city of Malacca.
AcoMAC, a county «f Virginia,
In America, bein;' a peninfula, bound-
e.l by Maryland on the N. by the
Atlantic ocean on the E. and S. and
by the bay of Chefepeack on theW.
cape Charles, at the entrance of the
bay, being the moft fouthcrn pro-
, riontory of thi^ county.
ACQ^UAPENDENTK, E. lon. 12.
f 40. lat. 42. 40. a town of Italy, in
'the Pope's ter, and pr. of Orvietto,
fit. 46. m. N. of Rome, and lo m.
W. of Orvietto city. The fee of a
bi/h.
ACQ.U1, E. lon. 8.40. lar, 44.
45. a town of Italy, in the D. of
Montferrat, fit. on the river Bormio,
60 m, S. W. of Milan/ and 40 N.
W. of Genoa j (ub. to the houfe df
A^ftria. ''^
Acs A, W. lon. 2. min, lat. $; tt
town of Africa, Cn the ic.„{i af
Guiney, where there is ai Britilh fbK
and fa£h>ry. ^ '
Acre, or Acra, the anient Pt^-
Jemais, £. lon. 36. lat. 33. 3'^«'ia
p<itt town of Afiatic Turky, fit. in
Paleftine, on the Levant fea, S,' 6f
TyrCi now a fmall village, which
Aands upon the ruins of the ancient
city.
Adha, a river of Italy, which
rifes in ihe pr. of Bormio, and paf-
fi: g along through the Valteline,
runsthioiiph the lake de Como, and
the Miiaijcfc, falling into the Po,
near Crcrnona.
Adka, a province of Annian, on
the eafl: coaft of Africn.
Adel, E. lon. 44. lat. 8. a town
of Africa, capital of the ter. of Adca,
in the countiy of Annian, fit. 300
m. S. of Moco, and of the Straits
of R:ibelmandel.
Aden, £. lon. 46. lat. iz. a
port town of Arabia Felix , in Afia, fit.
a iiitie to the cafiward of the Straits
of Babelmandel, 600 m. S. of Mec-
ca, and 6o.«m. E. of Moco j fub. to
an Arabian prince.
Adige, a great river of Italy,
which rifing in Tyrol, runs S. by
Trent, then E. by Verona, in the
ter, of Venire falls into the gulph
of Venice N. of the month of
Po.
Adirbeitzan, !I province of
Perfia, in Afia, part of the ancient
Media, bounded by the pr. of Chir-
van on the N. by the pr. of Gilart
and the Cafpian fea on the E. by
the pr. of Eyracagem and Curdiftan.
the ancient Aflyria, on the S. and
by Turcomania on the W,
Adour, a river of France, rife*
in the Pyrenean mountains, and run-
ning K. by Tarbcs through Gafcony,
then turns E. and pafTin^ by Dax,
falls into the bay of Bifcay, below
Bayonrc.
Adria, E. lon. 12, 50. lat, 45.
an ancicrtt town of Italy, in the Po-
Icfin deRovigo, in the ter, of Ve-
n!c<?, 26 m. S. of the city of Ve-
nice. •
1 " A'.,k4A^^V3, E. Ion. 26.' 30..
lat. 4 a. a grefe^ and populous city df
European Torky^ the fecond in that
'Empire, fit. in k fine" plain crfth,;
river Murizan, In the pr. of Ro-
<nrnnra, 150 m. N. W. of Conftant?-
:no^le> and 300 S. E. of Belgrade ; it
is '8 tniles ih clrcnrwfirence, and fre-
quently honoured with the Grand
Signior's prefence. '
^'oLfs, part" of the Weft coaft'
of the IcHeir Afia, tficiently fo cal-
led. ■■•••' 'li •/ Wi ;
Aerscho't, E. lon. 5. Ian jr.
5. a town in the Dutch Netherlands^
in the pr. of Brabint, fir. on the
river Demer, 15 m. £. of Mechlin^
and 8 N. of Louvain. '
Aeth, or Ath, E, lon. 3. 40,
lat. 50. 45. a Of'Mig little tov^n 111
the Auftrian NLtherl.mds, in the pv,
of Hainjult, fit. on the river Dendcr,
11 m. N. W. of Mons, and 23 S.
W. of Brudcls.
Africa, E. lon. ?. 20, lat. 36,
a port town of Tunis, fit, on ihc
D 7. coalt
"wwwy
A G
toa/V of Barbary, 70 m. S. of Tu-
nis. :
ArmcA. See the Introduc-
tion-. ^ --.-■• -
Agatton, E. liMJ. 5. lat. 8, a
. towQ of Africa, fit. near the mouth
<jf the river Formofa, on the coaft
of.Guiney,,8o m. S. of Benin.
Agoe, £. Ion. 3. 20. lat. 43.
25, a tcwn of France, in the pr. of
Langucdoc, fit.- near the mouth of
«he river Erant, ;^o m. S. W. of
Montpelier, and a8 N. E. of Nar-
bonne. The fee of a hifh,
Ac£N| £. ion. 30 mi]i. lat. 44.
SfO. a city of France, in the pr. of
Guienn"; fit. on the river Garonne,
15 m. N. E. of Condom, and 60 m. S.
£. of Bourdeaux. Dit^fee of a bifh.
Agoa, or Agonna, under the
meridian of London, lat. 6. a Bri.
tifti fcttlemcnt 00 the guld ceaft cf
Guiney, in Africa, fit. in a country
cf tiie fanr>e name.
Agger HUY«., £. Ion. 11. Jaf,
59. 30. a city of Norwavj capital of
the j.r. of Ag^frhuys, fv., 30 ui. N.
V!. 9f Jriedericklhall j fube toDen-
snailc.
Aghrim, W. ion. 6. 26. lat.
t^. 45. a town of Ireland, in the
CO. of Wicklow, and pr. of Leinfter,
fit. 13 m. S. W. of Wicklovi^.
AciKcouRT, E. Ion. 2. lat. 50.
35, a village of the French Nether-
lands, in the co, of Artois, fit, y
m. N. of fjcfdin, where Henry V,
K. of England, obtained a victory
ever the French, anno 141 5>
ACMONDtSNAM. StC AmXR-
CHAM.
AcNABAT, £. Ion. 24. lat. 46.
40. a town of TranGlv.inia, fir. 10
miles N. £. of HermanAat j fob. to
the houfe of Audria*
AcKA, £. Ion. 79. lat. 26. 20.
■ city of the hither India, in Afia,
capit.il of the K. of Agra, or In-
donan, fit. on the river Jemma,
300 m. N. E. cf Surat. A leri'e-
bea»it!t\j| and populous town, where
the M'giil frequently icfidcs, 20 m.
in ciicum'rrence.
AoRiAi £. lon« 20. ht. 48. a
A I
fortified town in upper Hungary , fit.
on the river Agria, 35 m. N. E. of
Buda. The fee of a biflx, fub. to the
houfe of Audria.
Agveperse, E. Ion. 3. to. lat.
45, 55. a town of France, in the
pr. of Lyonois, and ter. of the lower
Auvernc, 15 m. N. of Clermont.
Aguilar, W. Ion. 2. 25. lat.
42, 50, a city of Spain, in the pr.
of Navarre, 24 m. W. of Eftella.
Ahuys, E. Ion. 14. lat. 56. a
port town of Sw^eden, in the pr. of
Gothland, and ttr. of Schonen, 15
m. S. of Chriflianftat.
AjAzzo, E. Ion. 9. lat. 41.40. a
port town of the Ifiand of Corfica,
in the Mediterranean, fit. 160 m,
S. of Genoa. The fee of a bifli.
Jub. to the ftate of Genoa.
AjAzzo, E. Ion, 37. lat. 37. a
port town of the lefler Afia, in the
pr. of Caramania, anciently Cilicia,
lit. on the coaft of the Mediterra-
nean, 30 m. N. of Antioch, and
50 m. W. of Aleppo, whbie the
. city of IfTus anciently flood, near
which Alexander fought the ad bat-
tle wi.h.Dafc|uo,
AicwsTAT, E, Ion. 11, lat, 48.
50, a oi«ty of Germany, inlhe cir,
of FrantoRia, fit. on the river Alt-
mul, 14 m.- N. W. of IngolftW,
and 12 WT. N. of NdWbUrg ; fub, to
its bifhop, ^'t** r>r ■
AiroiLLOK, or Eguilloh, E.
Ion. 12. min. lat. 44. 15. a town
of France, in the pr, of Guienne,
fit. at the conflUience of the rivers
Garonne and Lot, iz m. N.W'. of
Agen, and 50fln. S. £, of Bourdeaux.
Ailssbury, W. Ion. 40 mint
lat, 51. 40. the CO. town of Bucic<?,
fit. near the river Thames, 44 m,
N. W. of London, fends 2 members
to parlinmcnt. The noble family of
Brute take the title of carl from
hence.
Aire, W. Ion. 4. 40. lat. 55.
30. a port town of Scotland, in the
Aire of Aire, or Kyle, fit. at the
mouth of "the river Aire, near the
Frith, or fe.i of Clyde, 65 m. S. W.
of Edinburgh*
Airs«
I
A L
A L
pper Hungary, fit.
J, 35 m. N. E. of
' a bifh. fub. to the
E. ]on. 3. to. iat.
of France, in the
d ter. of the lower
N". of Clermont.
. Ion. 2. 25. Iat.
Spain, in the pr,
. W. of Ertella.
1. 14. Iat. 56. a
len, in the pr. of
. of Schonen, 15
Iat.
1. 9. Iat. 41.40. a
Ifland of Corfica,
ncan, fit. 160 m.
he fee of a bi/h,
' Genoa,
)n, 37. Iat. 37. a
Icfler Afia, in the
anciently Cilicia,
of the Med i terra -
of Antioch, and
leppo, wlitie the
cntly ftood, near
Dught the ad bat-
Ion. II. Jat. 48.
many, in ihe cir,
en the Nver Alt-
W. of Ingolftat,
>IeMrbUrg j Tub, to
or Eguilio'n, E,
44. 15. a town
pr. of Guiennr,
ice of the rivers
li m. N.W. of
E. of Bourdeaux.
V^. Jon, 40 min,
town of Buck?,
Thames, 44 m.
fends 2 members
c noble family of
Je of carl from
4. 40. Iat, 55.
Scotland, in the
^yle, fit. at the
Aire, near the
Ic, 65 m. S. W.
i
AiR%, W. longt 20 min. Iat. 43*
/ o» a city of France, in the pr. of
' ,afcony, fit. on the river Adour, 65
m* S. of Bourdeaux, and 35 m. E.
of Dax. The fee of a bifliop.
Aire, E. Ion. 2.30. Iat. 50,40,
a fortified town of Artois^ in the
French Netherlands, fit. on the ri-
ver Lis, 25 m. W. of Lifle, and 30
m. S. E. of Calais.
Ai s N E, or Aife, a river of France,
which rifes on the frontiers of Lor-
rain, near Clermont, runs W, by
SoiHbns, in the Ifle of France, and
fills iro the river Oyfe, a little be«
Jo r' t city.-
Ai.., E. Jon. 5. 25. Iat. 43. 30.
a great city of France, capital of
Provence, fit. 16 m. N. of Mar-
feilles, and 360 S. E. of Paris.
Aix, E. Ion. 6. Iat. 45. 50. a
lown of Savoy, fit, on the lake
Bourget, 8 m, N, of Chamberry j
fub. to the K, of Sardinia*
Aix la chafelle, or Aken,
E. Ion. 5. 50. Iat.. <;o. 45. a city
of Gerfnany, in the D. of JulierSy
fit. in a bottom, cncompafTed with
hills, i3 m, N. £. of the city of
Liege, and 30 m. W, of Cologn,
an imperial city, or fovercign ftate,
large and- populous, much reforted
to by foreigners as well as Germans,
on arcount of its hot baths. The
emperor Charlemain intended to have
made it the capital of his empire,
and was buried here.
AtADULiA, a pr, of Afiatic
Turky, being the moft eafterly di-
tifion of the lefiTcr Afia, compre-
hending the ancient Cappadocia and
Armenia minor,
Alais, E. Ion. 4. Iat. 44. 6. a
town of France, in the pr, of Lan-
euedoc, fit. on the river Gorolon, at
the foot of the Cevcntics, 30 m, N.
of Montpelier, and ^o N. W. of
Avignon.
ALATcn,inands of Sweden, fif. be-
tween. 18 and 20 degrees of E. Jon.
and between 59 and 61 degrees of
N. l.it. in the Baltic fea, at The en-
trance of .'he Bcthnic E''lph, the
chitf town TiJtctp,
Alava, a ter. of Spain, bcin;
the S. E. divjfion of the pr. of Bif-
cay,
Alauta, a river of Tranfilva-
nia, which rifing in the N. £. of
that pr. runs S. and forms part ol^
the boundary between Chrif^endom
and Turky, and continuing its courfa
further S. through Walachia, dif-
charges itfelf into the river Danube,
almoll oppofite to Nicopolis.
Alatamaha, a large river oS
N, America, which rifing in the
Apalachian mountains, runs S. £.
through the pr. of Georgia,, and fall»
into the Atlantic ocean, below the
new town of Frederica,
Alb Ay £, Ion. 8. Iat. 44. 50. a
town of Italy, in the pr. of Pied -
mont,. and D. of Montferrat, fit.
on the river Tanaro, 22 m. E. o£
Turin. The fee of a bifh. fub. to the
K. of Sardinia.
Alba Julia, or Stul Werflen*
burg, E. long. 18. 25. Jat, 47. 25.
a city of lower Hungary, fit. near
the Platen fea, 3-,5 m. S» W. of Bu-
da and lOO S, E. of Vienna. The
burying place of the ancient kings of
Hungary} fub. to the houfe of A.i-
ftria.
Albania or Broidalbain, a co.
of Scotland in the fhirc of Perth, fit .
on the N.W, part of the Grampian
mountains. The title of duice of
Albania or Albany, was firft confer-
red on lord Darnly, who married
Mary queen of Scots.
Albania, or Arnaut, a pr. of
Turky, fit. on the E. fide of tha
gulph of Venice, bounded by Dal-
matia andServixon the N. and by
Epirus on the S.
Albano, E. Ion. 13. Iat. 41.45.
a town of Italy, in St. Peter's pa-
trimony, fit. 12 m. S. E. of Rome j.
fub, to the Pope J famous for it%
excellent wine, and beautiful pro*
fpcrtf,
Albany, St. W, Ion. 20 mlr.
Iat. 5r« 40, a boron^h town of lieit-
fordihire, fit. 20 ni. N, W. of Lon*
don, and la S, W. of Utrtfuid ;
the lATgefi towu in ihc C9. and cn»
* B 3 gf.
A L
A L
•f the beft markets for wheat in
England j fends 2 members to par-
liament, and gives the title of D. to
the noble family of Deavfclerc.
Albany, a Britift fortrefs, fit;
•n the S.W, of Hudfon's-bay, in
87 deg. of W, Ion. and 53 deg.
K. Jit.
A L B A N Y, a town of N. America,
in the pr. of New York, fit, on
Hudfon's river, 150 m. N. <f the
city of New. York, W. Ion. 74. lat.
43. at this plice the Sachems, or
Kings of the five nations of Iroqucis
meet the governors of the Britifh
plantations, when they enter into
any new treaties with them for theit*
mutual defence, againft the French
and their Indiau Allies.
Albarazin, E. Ion. 2. lat. 40.
40. a town of Spain, in the pr. of
Arragi^n, fit. on the river Guadala-
vir, 70 m. S. of Saragoflii, and no
1. of Mndrid.
Albemarle, or Aumarle, E.
Inn. 2. lar. 49 45. a town of France,
^t. in tl»e pr. of Normandy, near
the confine of Picardy, 35 m. N.
E. cf Rouen, and 20 S. of Abbeville,
Irom whence the noble family of
Keppel t.il'.'" the i;rle of Earl.
Albemarle, the moft northern
pr.of N. Carolina, in America; fub.
to Great Britain,
Albent, A, E. Ion, 8. 40. lat.
44. 15. a port town of Italv, in the
ter. of Genoa, fit. 15 m. N, E. of
Oneglla, and as many S. W. of Fi-
nal. The (lee of a bilh, fub. to the
republic o: Genoa.
Ar.Boupo, or Aalhui^r, E. Ion.
JO. lat. 57. a po!t town of Dcn-
mai-k. capital of th? ter. '<f Albourg,
fit. on tlie gulph or Limb'irg, in the
pr. of Jutland, 40 m. N. of Wy.
bourg,
At.BRiT, or Lifcrit, W. Ion. 40.
min. lat. 44, i;;. a town of Frpnce,
in the pr. of Gaftony, fit. 35 ms.
«f Bouideaux, and 30 m.^^E. of Dax.
ALnu(^UERq_UF, W. Inn. 7. lat.
39. a city of Sp.iin, in the pr. of
Krtremadurs, fit. on tfcc frontiers of
Vortugal, a* nj, N, of B.«dajoii,
AtBY, E. Ion. 40 min. lat, 43.
50. a city of France, -in the pr. of
Languedc c, fit. on ' the river Tarne,
3C0 m. S. of Paris, and 40 N. E. of
Touloule ; capital of the ter. of Al-
begois; the feat of the Albigenfes,
fomcof the firft chriftiahs in Europe
who difputed the Pope's authority,
Jt is the fee of' an archbifliop.
Alcacer dr sal, or Alcarez,
W, Ion, 9. lat. 38. 30. a town of
Portugal, in the pr. of Eftremadura,
fit. on the river Cadoan, 30 m. S. E,
of St, Uber, and 45 S. E.of Lifbon.
AtCALA DE HENARES, W,
Ion. 4. lat. 40. 45. a town of Spain,
in the pr. of New Caftile, fit. on the
river Henarcs, 16 m. F.. of Madrid,
and II S. W. of Guadalaxara.
Alcala del guadiara,V/,
Ion. 6. lat. 37. 10. a town of Spain,
in the pr. of Andalufia, fit. 6 m, S,
of Seville.
Alcala de real, W, Ion.
4. lat. 37. 40. a city cf Spain, in
the pr. of Andalufia, fit. near the
confines of Granada, 35 m, S. E.
of Cordoua, and 15 m. N. W. of
the city of Granada.
Alcantara, W. Ion. 7. lat,
39. 10. a city of Spain, in the pr,
of Eftremadura, fit. on the river
Tagus, near the frontiers of Portu*
gal, 45 m. N. of Bajadox.
Alcaraz, W. Ion. 3. lat. 38. 3,
a town of New Caftilc in Spain, fi".
on the river Cuadarema, 100 m,
N. W. of Cartagena^
Alcazar de sal, W. Ion. g,
lat» 38. 7,2. fit. on the river Cadoan,
in the pr. of Eftremadura in Portu-
gal, 45 m. S»E. of Lin}on.
Alcmaer, E, Ion. 4. 30. lat,
52. 4.0. a town of the united Pro-
\iriccs, fit. in N, Holland, 20 m,
N. of Amftcrdam ; taken' notice of
for its rich pp.fturcs, and the great
quantities cf butter. and .cheefe made
there.
Aldborouch, 'E. lion, i. 40,
lat. 52. 20. 'a poit towri of Suffolk,
fit. 76 m. N. E, of L<iiidon, .nnd
35 m, E. of Bury, feiidi t mcmlirs
tu paiiiair.eut^
1
4
A L
A L
o min. Jat. 43.
, -in the pr. oi
the river Tarne,
md 40 N. E. of
the ter. of Al-
the Albigenfes,
Aiahs in Europe
'ope's authority,
chbifliop.
VL, or A!care2,
30. a town of
of Eftremadura,
'an, 30 m. S, Z,
». £. of Lifbon.
ENARES, W,
town of Spain,
ftile, fit. on the
. F.. of Madrid,
dalavara.
J A D I A R A , V/,
town of Spsin,
a, fit. 6 m. S,
tAL, W. Jon.
y cf Spain, in
, fit. near the
35; m. S. E.
m. N. W. of
. Ion. 7. lat.
in, in the pr,
on the liver
iers of Portu*
60X,
3. lat. 38. 3,
: in Spain, fi^.
ema, 100 m,
f , W. Ion. g,
river Cadoan,
lura in Portu-
fbon.
4. 30. lat,
e united Pro-
Hand, 20 m,
ccn' noiice of
and the great
i chccfe made
Ion, I, 40.
ri of Suffolk,
Loudon, nnd
U z memlcrs
Aldiborovgh, W, long. I. 10.
lat. 54. 15. a borough town in the
W. riding of Yorkfliirc, fit. 15 m,
N.VV. of York, and 156 m. N. of
London.
Aldea, W, Ion. 9. 20. lat. 38.
40. a town of Eftremadura, in Por-
tugal, on the S. fide of the river
Tagus, oppofite to Lifbon, and dif-
tant from that capital 10 m. S. £.
Alderny, or Awigni, W. ion,
a. 15. lat. 49, 50. an ifiand in the
Britifh Channel, feparated from Cape
la Hogue, in Normandy, (a pr. of
France) by a ftrait called the Race of
Alderny, a very dangerous paflage,
on account of the hidden rocks in it.
AtEGRETTE, W. lon. 7. 5O.
lat. 39, a town of the pr. of Alen-
tejo, in Portugal, fit. on the river
Caya, 5 m. S. E. of Portalegre.
Alengner, W. Jot. 9. 20. lat.
39. 12. a town of Portugal, in the
pr. of Eflrcmadura, fit, on the N»
fide of the river Tagus, 27 m. N,
E. of Lifbon.
Alentejo, a province of Por-
t jpa', S. of the river Tagus.
Albnzon, under the meridian
of London, lat. 48. 32. a large city
cf lower Normandy, in France, fit,
on the river Sarte, 115 m. W. of
Paris, and 26 N. of Mans j the ca-
pital of the Duke of Alenzon.
Aleppo, E. lon. 37. 40. lat.
36. 30, is the capiCal of the govern-
ment^ or Beglerbelic, of Aleppo,
in Afiaiic Turky, fit. 90 m. E. of
the Lcvaftt fc:j, and port of Scande-
roon, and about joo m, W. of thtf
ifiver Euphrates. It ftands on 4 hills
in the middle of a pleafant fruitful
plain, being of an oval figure, and
about 3 m. in tircumfercncf, •;!ie
vjftle being on the higheft lull in the
middle of the city ; the buildings of
the town are better than in nioft ci-
ties in Tirrky, and they have a great
hiany ftatrfy mofques and caravan-
ftrasj it is well funiifhcd with foun-
tains and refervoirs of water, and
thfir gardvfns and vineyards well
planted with gt-ipcs, oranges, apples,
chert ies, and other ucellcnt fruiti
TheChrlftians have their houfes and
churches in the fuburbs. There i»
a very confiderable trade here for
filks, camblets, and Turky leather.
Every European nation alrooft has it»
factors here : the Englifli faftors are
about 40 in number, and live in a
quadrangle, refembling a college,,
having their chaplain and chapel,
where they perform their devotions
regularly as in Chri(tendom, and at
their leifure hours they hunt and ufe
other fports, with all imaginable
freedom. About 12 m. S. E.of Alep.
po, is a fait lake, 7 or 8 m. over,,
having a dry crufl of fait on the fur-
face, which founds like frozen fnov^
when horfes trample on it j and ma-
gazines of this fait are laid up in the
neighbourhood of Aleppo. The Beg-
lerbeg of Aleppo commands all the
country, between the Levant fea and
the Euphrates ; but the caftle has a
governor independent of him.
Alessio, or LifiTus, E. lon. 20»
lat. 4a. a town of European Turky,
in the pr. of Albania, fit. at the
mouth of the river Drino, near the
gulph of Venice, 50 m. S. W. of
Ragufa.
Alessano, E, lon. 19. 30. lat,
40. 6. a town of Italy, in the K»
of Naples, and pr. of Otranto, fit,,
in the S. E. part of the pr, near the
fea, 12 m, S. of Otranto city.
Alet, E. lon» 2. lat. 43. 10.
a city of the upper Langucdoc, it\
France, fit. on the river Aude, at
the foot of the Pyrenees, 32 m. S,
W. of Narbonne, d 10 m. S. of
CarcafTone ; a bifh. under the archb*
of Narbonne,
Alexanorta, E. lon. ^. 52.
lat. 44. 45. a city of Italy, in the
pr. of Alexandria, in the D. of Mi-
lan, fit. on the river Tenaro, 45
m. S. W. of Milan, and 40 m. N.
W. of Genoa ; a bifh. under the
archb. of Milan, fub. to the K. of
Sardinia, to whom it was yielded by
the houfe of Aurtria, in confidcratioa
of his fervices againft France, and
coiiSrm'd to the K. of Sardinia by
(he peace ot Utrecht, anno ly'V
A L
AL
AtKXANDRiA, E. Ion» 3it 15*
lat, JO. 40. a great city and port
town of the Lower Egypt, in Africa,
fit. 14 m, W. of the moft wcfterly
branch of the river Nile, and 120
xn. N.W. of the city of Grand Cairo.
The old town was about 7 m. in
circumference ; built by Alexander
the Great, and ftill called Scandria
Ly the Turks, but, except one long
Greet which faces the harbour, it is
only a heap of ruins at this day j
there is Lttle left (landing but part
of the walls, which have great fquare
towers, at 200 paces diftant, and a
little tower between them } every
one of the great towers could contain
200 foldiers, and had a ciftern in it,
to which the water of the Nile was
convey-^d j and the cifterns ftill ferve
to receive the rain water, and what
Is brought thorn from the Nile ; for
Alexandria (lands in a barren, defart
country, where there are neither
fprings nor rivers, though it was
once the capital of Egypt, and had
the grea:eft trade of any town in the
world, when the fpices and treafures
©f the Eaft Indies were brought hi-
ther, and from hence diftributed all
over Euiope j whjch was, in a great
meafure, lofl when the Purtugueze
found the way to the Eaft-Indies,
round Africa, about the year 1400 }
however it has (I ill a good foreign
trade. The land on which the i.own
Aands is fu low, that the feamen can
hardly difcern it till they are very
near, which was the occafion of creel-
ing the celebrated Pharos, or high
Wtftch-tower here, (0 often men-
tioned in hiftory. The gates of the
town are dill compofed of Thebaic
and Granite marble ; but the ftnefl
piece of antiquity left, is Pompey's
pillar, being one entire piece of Gra-
rite marble, feventy feet high, and
twenty-five in circumference. Alex-
andria, and the reft of Egypt is fub.
to the Grand Signior, who feems,
however, to liave a limited au-
thority, being often obliged to fub-
ti\it the admluinration vf ;hc govern-
ment to the humours of the pfitty
princes of Egypt.
Alkxanpretta* See Scan-
&EBOON'.
Alfelh, E. Ion. 9* 50. lat. 52»
a town ot Germany, in the bifli. of
Hildefhiem and cir. of Lower-Saxsny^
10 m. S. uf Hildefliiem.
Algarva, the moft S. W. pr^
of Portugal.
Algner, or Algeri, E. Ion, 8.
40* lat. 41. 30^ a city on the N. W»
coafl of the illand of Sardinia, 16 m.
S. of SaiTari, a bifh. under the archb*
of Saflari ; fub. to the K. of Sar-
dinia,
Algiers, kingdom, is fit. be-
tween 30 and 37 degrees of N. lat,
and between i degree W. and 9 de-
grees of E. Ion. bounded by the Me-
diterranean on the N. the K. of
Tunis on the E. by Mount Atlas on
the S. and by the river Mulvia,
which feparates it from the empire
of Morocco, on the W. extending
600 miles from E. to W. along the
coaft of Barbary, for the moft part
mountainous. The whole country
is divided into the following provin-
ces, viz. I. That of the Tlemfan on
theW. 2. Titterie on theS. 3,
Conftantinaon the E. of Algiers. The
Turks, who have the government
of this K. in their hands, do not
confiftof 7000 men; the Mjors, or
natives of Africa, have no Hiare in
it. The Arabs, who live in tents,
are djftin£l people from either ; and
thefe the Turks fuiFcr to be govern-
ed by their own laws and magiftrares,
but interpofe when they fee fit. The
Dey of Algiers is an abfolute nio-
narch, but ele£live : his Ton never
inherits by defcent ; the right of
ele^ion is in the TurkiHi foldiers on^
ly, and he is frequently depofed and
put to death by them, if they appre-
hend he does not confult the intereft
of his ele£^ors, or if he wants fuc^
cefs it is fatal to him. They have
murdered four of their Deys, and de-
pofed two, within the fpace of twrn*
ty ycarsi Xbcy w not at ill fub-
tr
A h
AL
3 of the pttty
k» See Scan-
9. 50. lat. 52,
in the hifh. of
Lower.Saxfiny^
m.
loft S. W. pr^
:rl, E. Ion, 8,
' on the N. W»
Jardinia, 16 m,
nder the archb.
he K. of Sar-
Fii) is fit. be-*
ees of N, Jat,
W. and 9 de-
ed by the Me-
^ the K. of
[ount Atlas on
river Mulvia,
m the empire
W. extending
W. along tha
:he moft part
hole country
wing provin-
Tlemfan on
n the S. 3,
Algiers. The
government
inds, do not
le Moors, or
no Hiarc in
ve in tents,
either j and
) be govein-
magiftrares,
fee fir. The
bfolute n;o-
s (on never
le right of
foldiers onr
dppofed and
they apprc-
the intereft
^ wants fuc^
They have
:ys, and de-
ce of twrn*
at ill fuh.
|e<£l to the Craad Signior, though
they pay fome regard to- him as the
head of their reiigioa. The reve-
nues of the government arife from the
tribute paid by the Moors and Arabs ;
a detachment of th« army being fent
into each province annually to colle£V
it ; and the prizes they take at fsa,
fometimes equal the taxes they lay
upon the natives. The Dey has fe«
veral thoufand Moors in his fervice,
both horfe and foot ; and every one
of his beys, or viceroys, in the pro-
vinces, has an army of them under
his command.
Algiers, £. Ion. 3. zo, lat.
36, 40. the cap. of the K. of Al-
giers, and a good port, fit. near the
mouth of the river Safran, on the
Mediterranean Sea, oppofite to the
ifiand of Majorca j it ftands on the
fide of a hiii, rifing gradually from
the fhore, 300 m. W. of Tunis,
and upwards of 400 Yn. E. of Gi-
braltar: it is defen.it'd by a pier, or
njole, coo paces in length, ex-
tended from the continent to a fmall
ifland, where they have a caftle, and
large batteries of guns, which have
not been able, however, to proteft
them from bombardments by the
Chriftian powers, whrfe fub)e<S\s they
have plundered and carried into (la-
very, for thefe people fubfift chiefly
by the prizes they make of Chriftian
fiiips that ar«. not at peace with
therh. The houfes of the town are
contiguous, and computed to con-
tain one hundred thoufand Maho-
metans,, fifteen thoufand Jews; and
two thoufand Chriftian llaves. The
<lountry about Algiers is adorned
with gardens and fine villas, where
the many fountains and rivulets are
no fmall addition to the plrafure
of the inhabitants who refort thither
in the hot feafon.
Alhama, W. Ion. 4. lat. 37.
a fmall' city of the pr, of Granada
in Spain, furrounded with hills, and
fit. 25 m. S. W. of Granada.
Alicant, W. Ion. 30. min. lat.
38. 35. a large fea-port town in the
pr, of Valencia in Spain^ the caAie on
I high rock, and almoft 'mpregnabte |
it is fit. 60 m. S. of Valencia, and
about is many N. of Cartagena ; it
has a great foreign trade in wine and
fruit. The caftJe was taken by the
Englifh in the year 1706, and held
out a fiege of two years ahnoft, againft
the French and Spaniards j and furren-
dered, at laft, upon honourable terms,
after part of the rock, on which the
caltle flood, was blown up, and the
governor killed.
Allxndorf, E. Ion. 10. lat»
51. 30. a little city in the land, of
Hefle-Cafl^cl, in Germany, fit. oa
the river Wefer, 15 m, £. of the
city of CaflTsI.
Allxk river, rifes in the D. of
Magdeburg, and runs N, W. thro'
the D. of Lunenburg in Lower Saxo-
ny J and, palfmg by the city of Zell,
continues its comfe N.W. till it falls
into the river Wefer, a little belowr
Verden.
All Saints bay, or Baiha de
tod OS Sandtos, a fpacious harbour,
near St. Salvador in Brazil, in S.
America, on the Atlantic Ocean } W,
Ion. 40. S. lat. 12.
Almacarron, W. Ion. i. ij»
lat. 37. 40, a port town of Spain,
fit. in the pr. of Murcia, at tKe
mouth of the river Guadalentin,
near the Mediterranean, 1 & m, S, Wt
of Cartagena.
Almanza, W. Ion. 1. 15 lat*
39. a little town in the pr. of .ew
Caftile in Spain, 50 m. N. W. of
Aiicant, and 47 S.W. of Valencia j
where the confederate arm)', com-
manded by E. Galway. was defeated
by the French and Sp miards, com-
manded by the D. of Berwic, anno
1707 J moft of the Englifli being
killed or made prifoners, halving been
abandoned by the Portugudc. horfe
at the firft charge. '->•> " 1
Almarsa. See Marsal<ivi-
VIR,
Almeda, "W. Ion. 9. 40. lat«
38. 40. a town in the pr. of Efire-
madura in Portugal, 10 m. S. of
Lilbon, and on the oppofite fide of
the river Taguj, ' »• ••? l'^-*
Almkdia^
i
f
;
i
f^
^
)*
f,
|;
^
II
I
AL
Almei>ia,"W, Ion. 7. lat. 40.40.
a frontier town in the pr. of Tralos
Xiontes in Portugal, 16 m. N.W, of
tke city of Cividad Rodrigo.
Almvnecar, W. Ion. 3. 45.
lat. 36. 40. a port town of the pr.
of Granada in Spain, fit. on the Me-
diterranean, 50 m. £. of Malaga.
Alost, E. Ion, 4, lat. 51. 5. a
town in Auftrian Flanders, fit. on the
river Dcnder, 15 m. N.W, of Biuf-
ff Is, and as much S. £. of Ghent.
Allowav, W. Ion. 3. 45. lat.
j6. 10. a port town of Mentieth in
Scotland, fit. on the river Forth, 5
m. E. of Stecling^; remarkable fur its
fine caftie, the feat of the earl of
Mar, and for the coal mines near it.
Alps, the highef{ mountains in
Surope, which feparate Italy from
France and Germany, there being
but few paflTes, a^d thofe' of difficult
accefs, which are tfie thief fAtinty
of Piedmont, the king^ of "Sardinia's
country, againft France : the Sv^ifs
alfo" pofl^fs great part 6f thefe moun-
tains, which fecure them againft the
attacks both of the Germans and
the French. Hannibal' attempting'
the pafTcs- of the Alps on the fide
of Piedmont, in the winter feafon;
when he invaded Italy, lorf mdfl of
his elephants here : and here the
prefent king of Shrdinia refifted the
united forces of France and Spain
near Coni, in the year' 174:?, and
compelled them to ab.<ndon Pied-
mont, and retire into France,
AlsattA, a pr. of Germany, fit.
between the river Rhine on the E.
and Lorrain on the W. S/ itzerland
on the S. and the pal, of the Rhine
on the N. now fubjecl to France.
See Str ASBVRGH the capital.
Alsen iHand, E. Ion. 10. lat.
55. 12, fit. in the Lefler Belt, at the
entrance of the Baltic Slea, between
Slefwic and Funea, 100 m. W, of
Copenhagen; Tub. to Denmark.
Ar.spiCLD, olr Asfield, E. Ion. 9.
lat. 50. 40. « town of the land, of
Heire-CaHTel in Germany, fit. jom.
W. of Marpurg, and 35 S, of the
cttfofHeOe-Cairel,
AL
At ft A, W, Ion. f5 min. lat.
3S. 40. a port town of the pr. of
Valencia in Spain, fit. on the Me-
diterranean, 45 m. S. of Valencia.
Here the confederate fleet} during the
war with Spain in the reign of queen
Anne, frequently furnifhed the'nfelve»
with frefl* Water and provifi' is,
Altemburc, £. lor. 23. lat.
46. 25. a town of the pr. of Tran>
rUvania, fit. 20 m. S. of Weilfen-
burg ; fub. to the houfe of Auftria,
Altena, £, Ion. 10. lat. 53. 51*
a port town of the I), of Holftein
in Germany, fit. on the river Elbe,
a m, N,W. of Hamburgh, fub. to
the K. of Denmark. It is a modern
town, built by the Danes to rival
Hamburgh in her trade> ic was burnt
down by the Swedes,' d\iring their
wars with Denmark, but is beauti-
fully rebuilt, and made the mart for
the fale of the merchandize brought
from the Indies hy the Danifh Eajl
India Company; ^ " '
ALTENBURd,' ti lev, 12. 40.
lat. 50. ;^o. a'toWn of Mifnia fni
Upper Saxony' in Germany, fit* ba
the river Fleifle, It ih.S. if LeipflC|;
fub. to the D. of Saxe Aite^nburg;;'
Al^en B n R d OwA^, ' E. idn,.
17. 20; lat. 48. ^5. i fbr^fied' towfti
of Lower Hungary, fit. oft the river
Danube, 12 m. S, of Prefburg, and'
55 S.E. of Vieriha j fub, to the houfe
of Auftria. ^ 5'*
Altkirk,'E/ Ion; 7. I5, iafj^-
47, 40. a town'of Alfatia inber--
many, fit. on the river 111, 12 rrt. N,*^
W." of Bafil, and 45 S. of Stralburg.
Altmore, W. Ion. 7. 8. htj
54. 34. a town of Ireland in the co.'
of Tyrone and pr; of Ulfler^ fit. 7
m. N.W. of Dungannon.
Altmul, a river which rifes in
Franconia, and runs S. E. by the
city of Anfpach ; and, continuing its
courfeE. by Pjpcnheim and Aichllet,
falls into the Danube at Kelhcim^
12 m. above Ratifbon.
Altorf, £. Ion. 9. 35. lat. 47..
46. a town of Germany in the cir*
of Suabia, fit. 20 m. N. E. of Con-
ilancc I fub« to Auftria.
Altorf.
■I
%
s
> f S niin. Izt,
I of the pr. of
f. on the Me-
i. of Valencia,
leet, during the
reign of queen
rtied thcnfelve*
^rovifi' ,s,
lor. 23. Jat,
; pr. of Tran-
1. of Weiifen-
fe of Auftria.
to. Jat. 53. 5f»
>. of HoJftein
he river Elbe,
>urgh, fub. to
It is a modern
anes to rival
i it was burnt
during their
ut is beauti-
; the mart for
ndize brought
J Danifh Eaft
on. 12. 40,
f Mifnia fn.
lany, fit* 00
'. of Leipflc*;
Jte'nburg;^'
E: i6n,
r^fied town;
oft the river
erburg, antT
to the Jioufe
'a m Cer-.
12 rt. N,^
Straftiirg.
7. 8. Jatl'
in the co,'
fler; fit. J
ch rifes la
by the
tinuing its
Aichrtet,
Kelheim,
;. lat. 47^
n the cir«
of Con.
klTORF,
A M
AtToitr, £. Ion. ir. 20. lat.
45. 20. a town of the cir. of Fran-
conia in Germany, ilt. 15 m. S. £.
of Nuremburg.
At TOR F, E. Ion. ?. 30. lat. 46.
50. the cap. of the canV of Uri in
Switzerland, fit. on the UJce Lucern,
tv- »he mouth of the river Rufs, 20
ni. S. E. of the city^oF |-.ucern.
Altzheim, or Altzey, £. Ion.
7. 52^. lat. 49. 45. a town of the-
pal. of the Rhine in Germany, fit.
42 m. N.W. of Heldelburg ; fub.
to the £1. Palatine.
Alva de Tormes, W. Ion. 6,
lat. 41. a city of the pr. of Leon in
Spain, fir, on the river Tormes, 16
m. S. E. of Salamanca.
Alzira, W. Ion. 20. min. lat.
39. 10. a town of Spain in the pr.
of Valencia, fit. on the river Xucar,
18 m. S. of the city of Valencia.
Amadabat, E. Ion. 72. lat.
13. 40. the capital city of the pr. of
Giizurat, or Cambay, in the E. In*
dies ; a large populous trading town,
fit. 140 m. N. of Surat, and 40 m.
N«£. of the city and gulph of Cam*
baya: here the Englifh and other
Europeans hav« their refpcflive fac-
tors, and purcbafe fine chinCs, ca-
Jicoes, and other Indian merchan-
dize.
Am ADAM, or Hjmadan, E. Ion.
47. lat. 35. a city of Perfia in the
pr. of Eyrac Agem, lit. 1 50 m« N.
W. of Ifpahian, and 170 N^E. of
Bagdat.
Amadanagzr, E. Ion. 74. 15.
lat. 18, 100 m. E. of Dabttl, and
120 m. S. E. of Bombay, fit. in the
pr. of Decan, in the Hither Penin>
lulu of India.
Amadia, E. Ion. 43. Jat. 37.
a city of Afiatic Turky, in the pr.
of Cufdeftan, fit. on a high moun-
tain, 100 m. N. of Mouful, or Ni*
nevch.
Amak, or Amaka, E. Ion. 13.
5. lat. 55. 29, an illand of Denmaik,
fit. on the Sound, on the E. cuall of
Zealand, (epar.tted by a very narrow
channel from Copenhagen. ^
Amalfa, E, Jeiu i5« zo* lat.
A M
40. 50. a city of Italy in the K." of
Naples and pr. of the Hither Princi-
pat, fit. on the bay of Salerno, 10 m.
W. of the city of Salerno, and is the
fee of an archb. Here Flavius Blen-
dus, who invented the feaman's com-
pafs, was born.
Am A N c E, £• Ion. 6.10. lat. 48.
40. a town of Lorrain, 7 m. N. £■
of Nancy j fub. to France.
Amand Sj. E. Ion. 2. 35. lat.
46. 40. a town of the D. of Bourbon
in Lyonois in France, fir. near the
river Cher, 25 m. S. of Bourges.
Amand St. E. Ion. 3. 30. lat,
50. 35. a town in Flanders, fit. on
the Scarpe, 6 m. N.W. of Valencien-
nes, and 13 m. N. £. of Douay ;
fub, to France.
Am ant n A, E. Ion. 16. 20. laf,
39. 15. a port town of Naples, fit,
near the bay of Eufemia, in the pr.
of Calabria, 20 m. S. W. of Co-
fenza.
Am AF ALL A, W. Ion. 93. lat.
12. 30. a city and port town of Nt
America, in the pr. of Guatimala,
lit. on the gtiiph of Amapalla, in the
Pacific Ocean, 220 m. S.E. of the
city of Guatimala.
Amasia, £. Ion. 36. lat. 43,
a city of NatoHa in Afiatic Turky,
fit. near the river Iris, 50 m. N.W.
of Tocat, and 70 m. S. of the Eax-
ine Sen. It gives its name to the
pr. of Amafia, and is fomctimes the
refiJcnce of the Turkifli Beglerbeg,
or Viccrgy, and was anciently the
feat of the kings of Cappadocia.
Amasia, the N. drvifion of the
LeiTcr Afia, lying on the S. Ihorc of
the Euxine Sea.
Amazons, their country is fup-
pofed to have been fituated in that
part of the Lcfler Afia i>o^ called
Amafia, on the banks of the £«xine
Sea.
Amazon, a river, which rifes in
Peru, in S. America, near the Equa-
tor, and, -running eaftward a courfc of
3000 miles and upwards, within 4
degrees of the Equator, falls jnto the
Atlantic Ocean by feverai channels,
giving the country thiovgh which it
3 paifei
AM
A M
(■
pafles the name of Amazonia, or th«
country of the Amazons. This river
overflows annually, like others be-
tween the tropics, and is then 150
miles broad at the mouth. Orellana
failed the whole breadth of South
America, from W. to E. on this river j
and, arriving at the Atlantic Ocean,
returned to Spain > from whofe ac~
count of it, confirmed by later voy-
ages, it appears to .be the greateil
river in the world, if we confider
the length of Its courfe, or the depth
of its water.
Ambamarjam, or Ambara, E.
Ion. 35. lat. 23. the capital of Abyf-
iinia, or Ethiopia Superior, is fit. on
the £. fide qf a lake, out of which
the river Nile rifes.
Amber, a river which rifes in the
S.W. part of Bavaria, runs to the
N.E. by Landfperg and Dachan^ and
falls into the Her, a little above
Land/hut.
Am BERG, E. Ion* 72. lat. 49.
^5. the capital of the upper or Ba-
varian pal. in Germany, fit. ontt.*
river lis, gom.N.of Ratifbonj a for-
tified town, fub. to Bavaria.
Amble TEUSE, £• Ion. z. 30.
Int. 4c. 40. a little port town of
France, fit. 5 m* N. of Boulogne,
in Picardy.
Ambos, E. Ion. 1. lat. 47, a;,
a town of Qrleanois, in France, fit.
on the river Loy re, ih m. E. of Tours,
and 30 m. S.W. of Blois.
Amboyna Ifiand, E. Ion. jz€,
S. laj. 3. 40. fit. 300 m. S.W. of
Ternate, the chief of the Molucca
IHands, flni xoo m. N.W. of the
Banda IHands, being about 70 m. in
circumference : here the Dutch have
a ilrong caftle, garrifoned by 7 or
800 men. This ifland being con-
veniently fituated between the Mo-
lucca Ifiands, which produce cloves,
and the Band.i Iflanvis, where only
mace and nutmegs grow, the Eng-
lish and Dutch had each of thtm
their fiidtories here, the beginning of
the 17th centary, in the reign of king
James I, but the Dutch forcibly ex •
'■■■-'» •"•". . •■ >
pelled the Englifli factors, in time of
peace j tortured and put to death fe-
veral of them, invaded and uitirped
the dominion of the Spice Ifiands,
which had fubmitted to the Englifh,
and have kept the pofTeflion of them
ever fince, monopolizing the fine fpi-
ces, and excluding all the reft of the
world from them.
AmbkesberrYjW. Ion. i. /\o,
lat. 51. 20. a market town in Wilt-
ihire, 6 m. N. of Salifbury.
Ambrun. SeeEMBRUN.
Am BY, E. Ion. 5. 45. lat. 50.
56, a town of the Netherlands, in
the pr. of Limburg, fit, on the E,
fide of the river Maes, oppofite to
the city of Maeftricht.
Amelburg. See Om men-
burg.
Amelia, E. Ion. 13. 20. lat.
42. 40. a city in the Pope's ter. m
Italy, fit. on a mountain, 50 m. N.
E, of Rome, and 25 m. S.W, of
Spoletto.
America. See the IntKo-
DVCTION.
Amersfort, E. Ion. 5. 2c. lat.
52. 25. a town of the pr. of Utrecht,
in the United Netherlands, fit. on
the river Ems, 25 m. S.E. of Amfter-
dam, and 14 m. N.E, of Utrecht.
Amersham, W, Ion. 40. mirr,
lat. 51. 40.. a market town in theco,
of Bucks, 27 m. almoft W. of* Loi^
don, and 12 m. <S.£. of Ailefbur^j
fends 2 members to parliament.
Amiens, E. Ion. a. 30. lat. 49.
50. the capital of the pr. of Picardy,
in France, fir. on the river Somme, 6 5
m. S, of Calais, and 80 N. of Paris.
It is a large beautiful town, and a
bi(b. under the archb. of Rheims, and
has fome manufaftures of-ivoollen and
linen, but not equal to thofe of Ab.
beville.
Amorgo, E, Ion. i6i 15. lat, 37,
an ifland of the Archipelago, 90 m-,
N. of Candia.
Amour livcr, the fource whereof
is in Siberia, in about 120 degrees
of £. Ion. and 54. degrees of N. lat.
IBW E, through Chinefian Tartary,
I J ». • ^ . •> and
1»fl
i
ofl
VI
A M
A N
ftoro, in time of
put to death fc-
ded and umrpcd
le Spice Iflands,
I to the Engli/h,
ofleflion of them
sing the fine Ipi-
II the reft of the
,W. Ion. I. 40.
St town in Wilt-
ilifljury.
Em BR UN.
5. 45. Jar. 50,
Netherlands, in
;, fit. on tile E.
aes, oppofite to
,t.
»ee Om M E N-
>• 13. 20. lat.
ic Pope's ter. m
uain, 50 m. N.
5 m. S.W, of
the IntIio-
lon, 5. ze. lat.
pr. of Utrecht,
lerlandsj fit. on
I.E. of Amfter-
. of Utr«cht.
Ion. 40. mirr,
|town in the co,
>ft W. of! Loii^
of AHeftur^j
trliament. '
30. lat. 4^,
ipr. of Picardy,
verSomme,65
lo N. of Paris,
town, and a
|f Rheims, and
|of-wool!en and
thofe of Ab-
15. lat, 37.
ielago, 90 nr,
jurce whereof
120 degrees
les of N, lat.
](ii^n Tartary,
-kni
lund falls into the bay of Corea, in
the Pacific Ocean, in about 150 dc-
vv greei of E. Ion,
J Amoy, E. Ion. 118. lat. 25. an
lilland of the pr. of Fokien, on the
S.W. coaft of China, where the
JEnglifli had lately a faftory, but have
;l abandoned it, finding themfeives
f much more impofed upon here by
:>: the Chinefe, than at Canton.
Amphipolis, or Strymon, E.
; Im. 40, 5. lat. 41. 30. a town of
European Turky, once the capital
of Macedon, fit. on the river Stry-
'• nion, 70 m. N. E. of Salonichi.
' Ampurias, E. Ion. a. 50. lat.
,: 42. 15. the capital of the dif. of
■''^ Ampouzdan in Catalonia, in Spain,
' fit. near the fea-coaft, at the mouth
: of the river Fluvia, 60 m, N.E. of
f? Barcelona.
■ Amsterdam, E. Ion. 4. 50,
V lat. 52. io, the capital of the pr.
of Holland, and of the United Ne-
therlands, fit. on the river Amficl,
• and an arm of the fea called the
t Wye, a little to the eaftward cf the
Zuyder-Sea, 200 m. and upwards E.
I of London, 230 N. E. of Paris, and
I upwards of 400 m. W. of Vienna,
* 12 m. E. of Haerlem, and 30 N.E.
;i* of Rotterdam, The city lies almoft
I in the form of a crefcent j it is the
I greateft port of the known world ;
no where are fuch numbers of mer-
chant-fliips feen, and yet of the
moft difficult accefs, it being '"carce
pofiTible for a loaded (hip, or man of
war, to enter the harbour j and, in-
deed, the whole Zuyder-Sea is fo
ihallow and full of fands, that fcarce
any but their own flat bottomed vef-
fcls can crofs If ; but then this is
their great fecurity againft foreign
enemies, whofe men of war fcarce
ever venture to purfue them beyond
the Texel, and other entrances into
this fea. The foundations of this
town are laid upon vaft piles of tim-
ber drove into the morafs, on whiclv
it ftands, at a prodigious expcncc ;
tl-.c Stadthnufe alone has upwards of
13060 piles of wood, 'tis faid, to
bear up the fovnJation, The firfl
mention of this town in hiftory, it
about the year I300, when it was a
poor fiiher town. In 1585, it appears
to have been the chief town of trade
in thefe provinces, when they began
to fortify it j and great i^dditions
were made to the fortifications in
the year 1672, when Lewis XIV.
invaded the country. The houfea
are built with brick or ftonc, the
itreets fpacious and well paved, and
through moft of them run canals
planted with trees ; the town is c m-
puted to be half as big as London,
including the fortifications ; in it
are people of almoft every nation and
every religion in Europe, who are
all tolerated in their refpeftive per-
fuafions, but none admitted to any
ftiare in the government but the
Calvinifts, or Prelbyterians j all of
them, however, apply themfeives
with the utmoft diligence to heap
up wealth, tormenting both body
and foul (in the words of a late writer)
to get an eftatc, not to enjoy it, but
to have the plenfure of dying rich ;
money, the idol of the world, is
adored moft in this country, where
it fupplies the place of birth, wit,
and merir.
Anagnt, E. Ion. 13. 45. lat.
42, a city ot Italy, in the Campania
of Rome, fit. 32 m. E. of Rome ;
the fee of a bifli. fub. to the Pope.
Anatolia. See Asia the
LcfTer.
ANCAtTER, a town of Lincoln-
fliirc, W. bn. 30 m. lat. 52. 50.
fit. 15 m. S. of Lincoln.
Ancenis, W. Inn. I. 5. lat. 47,
20. a town of Ft:?nce, in the pr. of
Britany, 17 jn. N.E. of Nants.
Anclam, E kin. 14. lat, 54. a
town of W. Pomerania, fit. on the
r ver Pene, 4 ; m. N.W. of Stefin,
12 m. S. of Wolgaft J fubjefl to
Pruffia.
An CODER, o«RioCobre, a river
on the roaft of Guinea, in AfVica.
Ancona, n port town *r Italy,
E. Ion 15. lat. 43. 20. the5 capital
(}f the mar. of Ancona, in the Pope's
ter, fit, on the gulph of Vdiice, 130
C m
I
'i.
■ n
A N
m. N. E. of Rome, and 15 ra. N. of
Loretto.
Andalusia, the moft S. W,
pr, of Spain, having Eflremadura and
New Caftile on the N. and Granada,
the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits
of Gibraltar on the S.
Andalusia New, a pr. of Ter-
ra Firma, in S, America, lying on
the coaft of the Atlantic Ocean, op-
pofite to the Leeward iflands, having
the river Oronoco on the W,
Andaman Iflands, fit. in 92
degrees of £. Ion. and between 10
and 15 degrees of N. lat. on the E.
fide of the entrance of the bay of
Bengal, The inhabitants of thefe
iflands are a hartnlefs inoffenfive
people, living chiefly on rice, fruits,
roots and herb«, with which they
furnifli the (hipping that come that
way, feldom eating any fleflij tho'
fome of our voyage -writers have re-
prefented them as cannibals.
Anpks mountains run aimoft the
whole length of S. America, through
the countries of Peru and Chili, pa-
rallel to, nnd but a little diftance
from, the Pacific ocean, efteemed the
higheft land in the world, being co-
vered with fnow in the warmeft cli-
mate, and from thence called the Si-
erras Nevada, or the fnowy moun-
tains.
Anrerlecht, a fortrefs 2 m.
S. of Brullels in Brabant, in tlie Au-
ftrian Netherlands.
ANUEgNACHT, E. lon. J, lat.
50, 25. a city of Cologn, on the
lower Rhine, in Germany, fit. on
the Rhine, 8 m. N.W. of Coblents,
and 30 S. of Cologn,
Andero St. W. lon. 4. 30. lat.
43. 20. a port town in the pr. of
Bifcay, m Spain, 60 m. W, of Bil-
boa, and 2o m. N. of Burgos. Here
the Spaniards build and lay up fome
of their men of war.
Andeuse, £. lon. 3. 40. lat. 43.
45. a cky of Languedoc, in France,
fit. 25 ttt, N.^ of Montpelicr.
Ai do^er, W. lon. I. 30. lat.
51. 20. a large market tuwn in
HampflxiiWi fit. 10 m, N, W. of
AN
Wincheller, and 62 S.W. of Lon-
don, fends 2 members to parliament.
Andrews St. E. lon. 15. latr
47. a town of Carinthia, in Ger-
many, fit, 100 m. S. of Vienna,
and 40 £. of Clangenfort.
Andrews St. W.lon.2. 25. lat.
56. 20. a city in the co. of Fife, in
Scotland, fit. on the German Ocean,
30 m. N. £. of Edinburgh, and 14
m. S. E. of Dundee.
Anuria, E. Ion* 17. lat. 41. 6,
a town of Italy, in the K. of Naples,
and ter. de Barri. The fee of a bifli,
fit. 26 m. W. of Barri.
Andros, an ifland of the Archi-
pelago, near the S.cnd of Negropont.
Anduxar, W. lon. 4. lat, 37,
50. a city of the pr. of Andalufia,
in Spain, fit. on the river Guadalqui-
vir, 32 m. E. of Corduba.
Anigada, W. Ion. 63. 5. lat.
iS. one of the Caribbee Iflands in
America.
Angelo St. E. lon. 16. 25. lat.
41. 20. a port town of Apulia, in
Naples, fit. on the gulph. of Venice,
90 m. E. of Naples city, and 8 m*
N. of Manfredonia.
There are alfo two other fraall
towns of this name in Italy, one in
Naples, and the other in the pis. of
Urbino, The flrong caftle of Rome,
whither the Pope retires on any ap-
prehenfion of danger, alfo is called
St. Angelo.
An -^ iLOS, W. Ion. 103. lat. 19.
a fine city of Mexico, in N. Ameri-
ca, fir. 75 m. S.E. of the city of
Mexico, and 100 m. N. £. of La
Vera Cruz ; a bi/h. under the archb,
of Mexico, fub. to Spain.
Angermania, -• pr. of Sweden
bounded by the pr. of Uma Lapmacle
on the N. the Bothnic gulph on the
£. the pr, of Jempterland on the S.
and Norway on the W.
Anger mund, £. lon. 6. 20.,
lat. 51. 10. a town of the D. of Berg,
in Germany, fit. on the £. fide of
the Rhine, 9 m. N. of Dufleldorp,
fub. to the Elector Palatine,
Angers, W. lon. 30. min. lat.
47. 30, capital of the pri of Anjou,
in
J
f
A N
A N
in France, fit. at the confluence of
the little Loir and the Sart, i6o m,
S. W. of Paris, and 45 m. E, of
Nants ; part of the town ftands plca-
lantly on the fide of a hill, and the
relt in the plain through which the
river Maine runs. It contains about
Qooo houfes, and 30000 inhabitants,
and befides the cathedral, which is
an elegant ftruclure, there are 16 pa-
rirti churches, 8 collegiate churches,
and a great number of convents,
being the fee «f a bifli. under the
archb. ot Tours, a univ, for the ftudy
of Jaw chiefly, and Lewis XIV. eieft-
ed an academy here on the fame
foot with the royal Academy at Paris.
The town is furrounded with a wall
and antique fortifications, and com-
manded by a caiUe, fit. on a fiecp
rock : the fituation is in all refpefls
fo agreeable, that feveral Enghfh gen •
tiemen made choice of it for their
refidence during their exile after their
defeat at Prefton.
Anghiera, E. Ion. 9. lat. 45.
40. a town of the D. of Milan, fir.
on the E. fide of the lake Magior,
40 m. W. of the city of Milan.
Anglesey ifland, the moft N.
W. county of N. Wales j fends one
member to parliament.
Angol, W. Ion. 78. lat. 38. a
city of Chili, in S.America, 125 m.
N. of Baldivia.
Angola, lies between 10 and 15
degres of E. Ion. and between 5 and
16 degrees of S. lat. It is a country
on theS. W. fide of Africa, inha-
bited chiefly by Negroes, and hither
moft European nr.' ions refort to pur-
chafe flaves for their plantations in
America J but it is generally agieed,
that thcfe Angola Negroes are the
lazieft: and mott untraftabie of any
of the flaves they purchafe on the
coaft of Guiney, f'T which feveral
reafons are afllgned ; as that they are
brought from far out of the inland
parts of Africa, and have had little
commerce or converfation with the
red of the world ; that they have
plenty of all manner of provisions in
their country, and axe not ufed to
labour a^id hardftiips, as the Negrne*;
v.'ho livf upon the geld coaft, in a
very ba'.ren country, arc. This coun-
try is divided amongft abundjncc of
petty princes and ftatcs, and the Por-
tuguezc have feveral colonics and ccn-
fidcrable fettlements on the coalt,
pretending to a dominion over the
Negroe princes in their neighbour-
hood 5 but the English and DutcU^
and other European nations, however
traffic with the Negroes on this coa(l
without vcftraint.
Anooulf.s'T-, E. Ion. 10. min,
laf, 45. 40. the capital of the pr. of
Angoumois, in France, fit. on the
top of a mountain ftjrrounded with
rocks, at the foot whc eof runs the
river Charcnt, 64 m. S. E^ of Ro-
chelle, and 22,0 m. S.W. of Pans,
This city is a biih. fee, and contains
about 8000 fouls.
Angoumois, is bounded by the
pr. of Poi£^ou on the N. by Limo-
fin on the E. by Perigord on the S.
and by Santoign on the W,
Angoura, or Ancyra, E. Ion.
3^. lat, 41. 5. a city of Afiatic
Turky, in the pr. cf Naloli.*, and
ter, of' Am;.fia, fit. on the river Me-
lus, 150 m. E. of Conftantinople,
It is a large populous city, contain-
ing 40,. so Mahometans, 4000 Ar-
menians, and 1000 Greeks : near
th'ii city Pompey obtained a fignal
viftory over Mithridates ; and here
Tamerlane was viftorious over Baja-
?et, the emperor of the Turks.
Angra, W. Ion. 27. lat. 39.
the capital of the ifland of Tercera,
one of the Azores cr Wcftern Iflancis,
in the Atlantic Ocean, between Eu-
rope and America, f«b. to Portugal.
Angrogna, E. Ion. 7. lat,. 44,
45. a town of Piedmont, fit, 7 m.
W, of Pignerol, and S m. N.W. of
Lucernaj fub. to the K. of Sardinia.
An GU ILL A, one of the Carribbee
iflands in America, fit. on the At-
lantic ocean, 150 m. E. of the ifland
of Porto Rico, and 100 m. N. of St.
Chriltophcrs, fub. to Great-Britain,
W. Ion. 63. lat. 18. 15.
Angus, or Forfar, a ftire of
C z Scotland,
-».»i,»Ski;.
-^'-
A N
A N
f
:. '
Scotland, having the fhirc of Merns
en the N. the German ocean on the
£. the Frith of Tay, which divides
it from the fhire of Fife, on the S.
and the fhires of Perth and Goury
on the W.
Anhault, a pr. of the cir, of
upper Saxony, in Germany, having
the D. of Magdeburg and Halberftat
on the N. and the co. of MansHeld
and Stolbcrg on the S.
An I AN, a (Irait fuppofed to lie
between the N. £. of Ada, and N.
W. of America.
Anian, a country on the eaftcrn
coaft of Africa, lying between 40
and 5p degrees of £. Ion. and between
the Equator and I2 degrees of N.
lit. bounded by the ReJ-fea, and
the ftraits of babelmandel on the N.
by the Indian ocean on the E. by 2^an-
guebari on the S. and Abydiniaj on
the W. a defart coqntry, fub. to fe-
veral African princes of whom we
have little knowledge.
Anjxngo, £.. lojH 76. lat. f. a
f:nall town and fa^lory on the Ma-
labar ( j9({, on th^.hither Penir^fu'a
cf India, belonging to the £n^Ii^h £.
India company } their merchandize
confi^ling chiefly in pepper a^d cali-
coes.
Anjou earldom, of which An-
gers is the capital, is bounded by the
j-r. of Maine, on the N. by Tourain
on the £. by PoiOou on the S. at)d
Britany on the W. the river Loire
dividing it aimoft intp two equal
parts. Henry II. K. of England en-
joyed this earldom by inheritance
being the fon of Jeftery the third earl,
and of M.iud the einpref*. The
kings of England alfo enjoyed Nor-
mandy, Britany, Guienne, Gafcony,
and mjny other large provinces of
France at the fame time j but John,
K. i)»" England, loft moft of them
excipt Guienne and Gafcony, (about
tlic jcar 1202) and Aijjou afterwards
becami-an apfnnagc(or eft,ue)of fomc
of tiic blood royal of France, and late-
ly gave \ title to thi? Dauphin's fe-
cund io.-i, ihc late K. of Spain.
Anna, E.Jon. 41.35. lat. 33130.
a city of Arabia Petrea in Afia, fit.
on the Weftern dtoar of the river
Euphrates, 100 m. W. of Bagdat,
fub. toTurky.
Annamaboi, anEnglifh h&ory
•n the gold coaft, in Guiney, in
Africa.
Ann AND, W. Ion, 3. lat. 54.
40. the capital of the fliire of An-
nandale, in Scotland ; a parliament
town, fit. on the river Annand, 80
m. S. of Edinburgh, and a little N.
of Solway Frith.
Annapolis, W. Ion. 78. lat.
%o^, 25. the capital of Maryland, in
N. America, 100 m. N. of Jamts
town, fub. to Great-Britain ; Lord
Baltinpore proprietor j chief produce
tobacco.
Annapolis, W. Ion. 6^, lat.
45. the capital qf New Scotland, cr
Acadie, a ft>rti6<d town belonging
to Great-Britain* in which there
is, or ought to be^ a garrifon of
500 men to proteft the country a-
gainft the French ^nd their Indians
of Capilda.
ANNicy,p. Ion. 6. 10. l3t..46.
capital of the D. pf Geneva, £tt on
a lake of the fame iMme, 20 m*. S.
of the city of Geneva, and 30 m.
N. £. of Chambcrry, iub. to the K.
of Sardinia. ,,^ ,..,,
Anslo, E. Ion. 10. 12. lat. 59
30. a ptort town of Nor^.ny, fit. on a
bay of t-tie (^ea in the pr. of Agger-
huy;, 100 m. N. of Gottenburgh,
fub. to Denmark.
Anspacm, or Ohnfpach, £. Ion.
10. 36. lat. 49. 22. a city of Ger-
many, in the cir. of Franconia, cap.
of the mar. of Anfpach, fit. 20 m.
S. W. of Nuremberg, (iib. to its
marquis, of which family was the
iate queen Caroline*
Anstruthkk, W. Ion, %, ar.
lar. 56. 20. a parliament town of
Scotland, fit. on the S. £. coaft of
the /hire of Fife, as m, N.E, of
Edinburgh, and 8 S. of St.Andrews.
Antkoo ide, W. ion. 62. hr,
17. 30. one of the Carrlbbee idands
in the Atlantic ocean, fit. 60 m, E.
of St. Chriitophtrs, 40 m. N. of
Guadalupei
6. lo. Int.. 4)6.
~cneva, £tt oa
mc, ao m. S.
|a, and 30 m.
fub. to the K.
•A N
Guadalupe, being ao m. long, and
about as many broad, the chief* pro-
duce fugar J their greated want is
water, of which they have none but
what they fave in cifterns and refer-
voirs in the time of the rains, or
fetch from other ifiands. Here the
Englirti governor of the Carribbee
iHuiids ul'ually refides.
Anteqjuiera, W. Ion. 4. 40.
Jat. 36. 40. a town of Spain, fit.
en a mountain in the pr. of Granada,
25 m. N. of Malaga, and 46 m. S.
of Cordoua.
A.MTiBES, E.lon. 7. lat. 43. 40.
a port town of Provence, in France,
lit. on the Mediterranean, 15 m. S.
of Nice, and 60 m. N. E. of Toulon.
Anticoste, W, Ion. 64. lar.
between 49 and 52, an idand lying
before the mouth of the river Sr.
• awrenci", in America, fub, to the
Fier.ch, but a barren country.
Antilles. SccCaribbff,
ilbnds.
Antioch, E, Ion. 37. lat. 56,
a town of Syria, once the canitiil,
fit. on the river Orontes, near the
Levant-fca, 30 m. S. of Scanderocn,
..rid 60 m. S.W. of Aleppo, fub. to
'lurky, now in a ruinous condition.
Antivari, a port town of Al-
bania, fit. on a rock luar the gulnh
of Venice, ro m, W. oi Dultigrn ,
and Tub. to tiie Turks E. Ion. 19.
40. I It. 42. ic.
ANTivKiRtA, a fibdivifion <if
1 or raFirn:a, in South America. S,
of Cartagena,
Antonio, K. Ion. »»*. lat. 18.
one of the Cipe- Verde iiland% in
Africa, fub. to Fortii^(>al.
Antrim, the mn(t N.K. covn^y
of Uifter, in the K. of jrelnnd.
Antrim, W. Ioij. 6. .'C, ht,
54, 45. cap. of the co. st Antrim
.iiul pr. of UH>er in Ir(,ljnd, fit. at
the N. end of the lake of Lough-
Ncigh, 13 ir. W. cf Car'ckfcigu'..
An I'WERP, E, Ion. ^. I5»lat. !,i,
ic. capital of the mnr. of Antwerp,
:i pr. of the Aurtrian Netherlnndi,
iiirroundcd by the pr. of Brabnnt.
1 k^ City iUnit on the eadera ihotc
A P
of the river Scheld, 1 5 m. N. of Bruf-
fels, and as many N. E. of Ghent.
It is built in form of a crefcent on the
river, which is here zi foot deep and
400 yards wide, fo that vefTels of great
burthen come up to their kay, and
canals are cut thro* the town from
the river which bring up the leflTer vef-
fels to their doors. It was 2Co years
ago the greaieft port and place of traf-
fic in Europe, but the trade is now re-
moved to Amftevdam,and other towr^s
in Holland j the Dutch having built
forts at the mouth of the Scheld, and
ruined the trade of this city, which is
however ftill a large and beautiful town
commanded by a citadel, elicemed one
of the ftrongeft fortrcfTes in the low
countries, and is the fee of a bifli. under
the archb. of Mechlin^ and fub. to the
houfe of Auflria^ to whom it furren-
dered after the battle of Rameilles,
1706, without waiting to be befieged,
AousT, E. Ion. 7. 10. lat. 45.
45. the capital of the D. of Aouft,
in Piedmont, in Italy, fit. on the
tiver Doria, 50 m. N. of Turin, and
65 m. S. £. of Geneva j a bifli. fee.
under the archb. of Moudiers, and
fub. to the K. of Sardinia.
Apalachian mountains, in N.
Am' MM, gives n.ime to a country
which lies W. of the Bririflj planta-
tions between 30 ai.d 40 degrees of
N. l.it. running pai illel to the Atlan-
tic orenn, and about 1 c© m. from if.
Ai'AMEA, or H.ima, E. ion. 3R,
30. lat. 34. a town of Syria, on thff
river Oronf,'!, 120 m. S. of Aleppo
and 80 N. of Darnafctis.
ArENRAor, E. Ion. 10. lit. 55,
a fown of Slcfwir, or S. Jutland, fir.
on .1 bay of the Baltic fea, 30 m, N,
of Slcfwlc, fub. to Denmark.
AiT.NZF t, E. Ion. 9. lat. 47. 30.
capital of the canton ni Ap( n/ol, in
.SvvitrcrlanJ, fir. on the river Chuz,
25 m. S. of Conflanc*.
AppifBY, W. Jon. t, 20. lat,
54. 30. the capital of the ro. of
Wcftmoreland, fit. on the river Eden,
200 m, and upwards N. of I. >nd(>u»
and 20 m. S. E. of Carlifle j fcRdj a
xncm'jei* to patliimeat.
C ^ Am,
A R
A R
Aptx, E. Ion. 5. 20. lat. 43.
50. a fmall city of Provence, in
France, 25 m. N. of Aix, and 22
ID. E. of Avignon.
Apulia^ the E. fide of the K.
of Naples, which lies along the
gulph of Venice, went by this name
antiently, now known by the names
of Capitanata, Terra de Barri and
Otranto.
Aq^uapulco, SeeAcAPUico,
AquELElA, E. Ion. 13. 30. lat.
46, 20. a patriarchal city in Friuli,
near the N. end of the gulph of
Venice, 30 m. W. of Triefte, and
35 N. E. of Venice. It has been a
city of great eminence, but now ve-
ry much decayed, Tub. to the houfe
of Auftria, though the patriarch is
one of the patriarchs of Venice.
ArijaiLA, £. Ion. 14. 20. lat.
4s. 40. a large city, the capital of
the Abruzzo, in the K. of Naples,
£r. 90 m. E. of Romf, and -^^ m.
"W. of the gulph of Venice 5 great
part of tlie city was demolifhed by
an earthquake in r703.
Aq^uiNO, E. Ion. 14. 30. lat.
4T. 30. a ruinous city of the ter. of
Lavoro, in Naples, 30 m, N.W.
of Capua } a bifli. fee under the
archb* of Capua. Here 'tis faid
Juvenal ahd Thomas Aquina$ were
born.
Aquitatn, the antient name
for the pr. of Guienne and Gafcony,
in the S. of France.
Arabia, a country of Afi*, hav-
ing Turky on the N. Perfia and the
|,ulph of Perfia on the £. the In-
dian ocean on the S. and the red-fea
and the Ifihmus of Sues on the W.
a country of a very great rxtcnt, di-
vided amongft rmny Ar.ibian princes
and ftates, moft of them living in
trnts, and wandring from place to
place to find paHure and water for
thfir caulc, inc ft of the country
b:ing a b.nrren (tt-fart, without water
or vegetables in many j)lace8. The
impoflor Mahomet was a native oC.
this country, and made the Arabs
his firft profelites, who within 40
ycits alter kit dcAlh, fubducd great
*^-
part of Afia, Africa and Europe, nd
eftabliflicd their religion wherever
they came. Arabia is fit. between
35 and 60 degrees of £• ion. and
between 1 1 and 30 degrees of N. lat,
the 3 grand divifions whereof arc, <.
Arabia felix, 2. Arabia defeita, and
3. Arabia Petrea.
Aracan, E. Ion. 93. lat. 20,
30. the capital city of a fmall K.
fit. on the N. £. part of the bay of
Bengal in India beyond Ganges, hav-
ing the K . of Ava on the S. E. and
the pr. of Bengal on the N. E.
Arafat, a moantain near Mec-
ca, in Arabia, where the Mahome-
tans have a tradition, that Abraham
ofiTcred to facrifice Iflimael.
Arragon, a pr. of Spain, hav-
ing Bifcay and the Pyrenean moMn-
tains on the N. Catalonia on the £.
Valencia on the S. and tiie two
Caftiles on the W.
Aranjues, a palace Qf the K,
of Spain's in New-Caft;!v^ nea; the
town of Alcala de Heniiv*.:,
Ararat, the antien'v > 'i for
part of mount Caucafus^ ^btween
the Euxine and Cafpian feas, where
Noah's ark refted.
Araoco, W. Ion. 78. S, lat. 37.
a city, capital of one of the fii eit
valleys and ter, of Chili, in S. Ame-
rica, fit. on a river of the fame name.
The natives are the bravr^. people in
that part of the world, and drove the
Spaniards out of their country tho*
they had no fire-arms.
Araxes, a river of Perfia. See
Airas.
Arbe, E. Ion. 16. )ar. 45. an
Ifland in the gulph of Venice, lit.
near the coaft of Morltchia, between
the I Hands of Vegia and Pago, fub,
to Venice.
Arbela, or frbil, E. loo. 44.
lat. 35. 15. a town fit. on the river
Lyciis, in a fine pliin in the pr. of
Allytia, nowCurdcHan, where Alex-
andrr fought the 3v.i and lad decifive
battle with Darius. It lies about 60
m. S. £. of Moufui) the antient
Nineveh.
AtBols, £» loD* 5. 40, lat. 4^
A R
AR
50. a town of Tranche Compte, in
France, 18 m. S. £. of Dole, and
X5 zn. S. of Befan90R.
Arson, £. Ion. 9. 30. Jat. 47,
40. a town of Suabia, in Germany,
iz m. S. E. of Conftance, and 8 m.
N. of St. Gall. . i .
Arcadia, E. Ion. »2. lat.. 37.
ao, a port town of European Turky,
fit. on the W, coaft of the Morea,
in the Mediterranean Tea, oppofite
almoft to the iHand of Zante^ 64
m. S. W. of Corinth.
Archangel, £. Ion. 40. 12.
lat. 64. 30. a port town of the pr.
of Dwina, in Ruiha, fir. on the river
Dwina, 4 ra. from the White-Sea,
400 m. N. E. of Peterfburg, the
only port ti>wn of Ruflia for many
yean, and firft refurted to ky the
£ngli<h, in the year 1553. It ftill
continues a town of good trade, and
here the Ruflians build fome of their
rnen of war.
Archdutchy of AuAria. See
Auitriu.
Arco, £. Ion. 10.40. lat. 46.
a town of the bifli. of Trent, in
Italy, fab. to that bifli. under the
prott^icn of the houfe of Auftria,
iit. on the river Sarca, near the N.
end of the lake de Garda, 16 m.
S. W. of the city of Trent.
Ar DEN BURGH, £. lon. 3. XO.
lar. ^j. 15. a fortified town of Dutch
Flanders, iz m. N. E. of Bruges,
and 18 m. N. W. of Ghent.
AifDENNE, a foreft of the Ne-
therlands, which in Csefar's linoe
extended far into Germany ; t it
wiiat rcnuins of it at prefent, lic.^
between Thionville in Luxemburg,
and the city of Liege.
Ar DEVIL, or Ardebil. E. lon.
64. 10. lar. 36. lit. 30 m. £. of
Tauris, the burying place of fome
of the anciciic kings of Perfia.
Aadmac. H. Sec Armagh.
Ardra, or ArJres, £. lon. 4.
l.<t. s* tho capital of a country on
the (lave coad of Guiney, in Africa,
ncur the river Lagoi.
A«u«i9, £, lon»2t lat. 50.45.
a t»wn of the pr. of Picardy, la
France, so m. S. of Calais.
Arebpn, E. Ion. 5. lat. 5. a
town on the Have coaft at the mouth
of the river Fortno£» in Guiney, in
Africa.
Aremberg, E. lon. 6.a,5. lat,
50. 30. capital of the co. of Arenf-
berg, in Germany, 25m.S. ofCo-
logn, and 35 m. E. of Liege.
AREQ^uifPA, W. lon. 73. S.
lat. 17. a city of Peru, in S. Ame-
rica, 2ZO m. S. £. of Lima ; a biih.
under the archb. of Lima, fub. to
Spain.
AREzao, E. Ion. zj. X5. lat,
43. 1 5. a city of Tuicany, in Italy,
17 m. W. of Citta de Caftadelia,
and 4z m. £. of Florence, fub. to
the D. of Lorrain.
Argentiere, £. lon. 15. lat*
37. a fmall idand in the Archipela-
go, fit. 60 ro. £. of the Morta*
.Arc EN TON, a town of France,
E. lon. I. 35. lat. 46. 40. 135 m.
S. of Paris, and 45 m, S. W. of
Bourses.
Arcos, £. Inn. 23. lat. 37. 30.
a port town of European Turky, in
the pr. of the Morea, (it. on the bay
of Napoli de Romania, 25 m. S. of
Corinth.
Argvz^, an IHand, river, and
fojt of that name on the Weft coaft
of Africa, in 20 deg. N» lat.
An GUN, a river of Tartary in
Afia, which divides the RuiTian and
Chinefian empires.
Argun, E. lon. 104. lat. 51.
30. a city of Afiatic Tartary, fit,
on tiie river Argun.
Argyleshire, in Scotland, fit.
between Lorn on the N. W. an/
Menteith and Lenox on the £. gives
the title of D. to the noble family uf
the Campbels,
Arhusen, E. lon. 10.20. lat,
56. a city of Jutland, in Denmark^
the capital of the pr. of Arhulen,
fit. at the entrance of the Baltic k-a
by the Lefler Belt, 90 m. N. W. of
Copenhagen, and 70 m* N. £. of
Rypeo,
: . < AaiAi'Of
A R
A R
* Ariako, E. Ion, 15. 35. Jat.
41. 16. a town of Naples, in the
pr, of the Principat, fit. 15 m. £.
of Benevento.
Afria, W. Ion. 70. ao. S. lat,
18. 20. a port town, fit. in the pr.
of Los Charcas, in Peru, on the
coaft of the Pacific ocean, where
they (hip the treafure brought from
Potofi, Arica Jying 270 m, W. of
that city, and 300 m. S. E. of
Lima.
Ark LOW, W. Ion. 6. 20. lat.
52. 5S. a port town of Ireland, in
the CO. of Wicklow and pr. of Lein-
ller, fit. 13 m. S. of Wicklow.
Arlevx, E. Ion. 3. lat. 50.20.
a town of Hainalt in the French Nc«
therlandsy 6 m. S. of Douay^ and
6 m. S. W. of Cambray.
Arles, £. Ion. 4> 45. lat. 43.
32. a city of Provence in Fiance^ fir.
on the £. fhore of the river Rhone,
430 m* S. E. of Paris, and 3 5 m, N.
W. of Marfeilles. Conftantine the
Great, made it the feat of the Roman
empire in Gaul, and there are ftill
large remains of a Roman amphi-
theatre and other antiquities, and
Several councils have been held here.
It is at prcfent a large populous city,
and the fee of an archb.
Arlon, £. Ion. 5. 30. lat. 49.
45. a town of the D. of Luxemburg,
in the Aulhian Netherlands, 76 m.
W. of the city of Luxemburg.
Armagh, W. Ion. 6. 45. lat.
54. 30. once a confiderable city,
now reduced to a fmall village, but
gives name to the county of Armagh,
in the N. of Ireland, and the archb.
of Armagh is Hill primate of Ireland.
It is fit. about 30 m. S. of London*
derry.
Armagnac, a ter. on the N. E.
of Gafcony, in France.
Armenia, confifts of the mo-
dern Turcomania and part of Pertia,
having Georgia on the N. Curdiflan,
the ancient A(T}ria, on the S. and
Natolia or the Icfler Afia on the W.
AuMFNTiFRs, E. Ion. 2. 50.
Jit. 50. 42. a fortified town in Fj^iith
Fianilcrc, 7 m, W, of Lide*
Armiers, E, Ion, 3. 40, laf.
50. 15. a town of Hainalt in the
French Netherlands, fit. on the river
Sambre, 8 m. S. W. of Maubeuge,
and 20 m. S. of Mons.
Armiro, E. Ion, 23. 30. a port
town of European Turky, in the
pr. of Thefl'aly, fit. at the bottom
of the gulph De Velo, 30 m. N.
W. of the ifland of Negropont, and
32 m. S. E. of LariiTa.
Armuyden, E. Ion. 3. 35. lat.
51. 3c. a port town of the United
Provinces, fit. in the ifland of Ze-
land, at the mouth of the canal of
Middleburg, ~nd 3 m. E. of that
city.
Arnaut. See Albania.
Arnay lr duc, E. Icn. 4. lat.
47. a town of France in the pr. of
Burgundy, fit. on the river Arroux,
35 m. N. W, of Chalons.
Arnheim, £. Ion. 5. 50. lat.
52. a large city of Guelderland, in
the United Netherlands, fit. on the
river Lech, 10 m. N. of Nimeguen,
and 32 m. £. of Utrecht, fub. to
the Dutch.
Arno, a river that rifes on the
eaftern confines of Tufcany, runs W.
quite crofs that D. and having paft by
Florence, the capital city, falls into
the Tufcan fca below Pi(a, the valley
through which it runs being exceed-
ing pleafant, abounding in all man-
ner of fruits.
Arona, E. Ion. 8. 50. lat. 41;.
40. a fortified town of the D. of
Milan, fir. on the S. W. part ot the
lake Maggior, 35 m. W. of Milan,
and 25 m. N. of Vercclli.
Aronches, W. Ion. 7. 30. lat,
39. a town of the pr. of Alentejo,
in Portugal, 20 m. S. E. of Porta-
Icgre, and 13 m. N.of Elvas.
Arran, an ifland of Scotland,
in the Firth of Clyde, between Can-
tire and Cunningham.
Arras, E. Un. 2. 50. lat. 50.
20. the capital of Attois, a pr. of
the French Netherlands j a hrge
fortified town, fit. on the river Scarpe,
la m. S. W. of Douay, ao m. N.
W. of Cambray. They have both
iinnco
?3
pr.
Pert
A R
A S
3- 40. laf.
linalt in the
• on the river
r Maubeuge,
. 30, a port
rky, in the
the bottom
30 m. N.
ropont, and
■ 3. 35- Jat,
the United
and of Ze-
ie canal of
E. of that
ANIA.
i^n, 4. lat,
the pr. of
'er Arroux,
•
)« SO- lat.
derJand, in
lit. on the
^Jimeguen,
t, fub, to
(es on the
, runs W.
Bg part by
falls into
the valley
g exceed -
all man.
e
lat. 4^.
D. of
rt ot the
Milan,
30. lat.
klentejo,
Porta-
8.
cotland,
cnCan>
at. 50.
pr. of
Jirge
Scarpe,
m. N.
re both
iiAncQ
linnen and woollen mAcufa£lures,
but are diiliogui(hed chiedy for tlieir
tapeftry, which from this town fir ft
obtained the name of Arras. Ic is
the fee of a bi(h. under the archb. of
Cambray, and has been in the pof-
felTion of the French upwards of an
hundred years.
Arras, formerly Araxes, a river
which rifes in Georgia, and running
S. E. joins the river Kur or Cyrus,
the united ftream difcharging itfelf
into the Cafpian fea between the
pr. of Shirvaa a^d Aderbeitsan in
Feriia. <^yt„,:n -w . '. !-
Arran, a town in Switaerknd,
fit. on the river Aar, 45 m. S..W,
of Baden, being the place where the
diet of the Protefbuit cantons af-
fcmbles.
Arkoe, £. Ion. 10. 15. iat. 55.
15. an ifland of.Denqiark, fit. in
the Baltic fea, a tittle S. of the ifland
of Funen.
Arschot, E. Ion. 4. 45.^ kt.
51. 5, a town of the Austrian Ne-
therlands, in the lordfliip of Mech-
lin or Malincs, fit. on the river De.
mcr, 14 m. £. of the city q£ Mech-
lin. , .
Art A, orLarta, £. lon> a«« laf.
39, a port town of Epirus, in Eu-
ropean Turky, fit. on a bay of the
Mediterranean fea, 60 m. N. of Le-
panto, formerly named Ambracia,
the feat of the ancient kings of
IpiruR.
Artois, a pr. of the French
Netherlands, fit. between Flanders
and Picaidy.
Aruba ifle, W. Ion. 69. 30.
lat. 12. 30. on the con. of Ten a
Firmu, in America, fub. to the
Dutch.
Arundel, W. Ion* 30, min.
lat. 50. 45. a town fit. on the river
Arun, in the co. of SuH'ex, and 50
m. S. W. of London, and 10 ro. E.
of ChichcHcr. It gives the title of
Earl to the noble family of the- How.
ards, and fends 2 members tu par-
liament.
Arzilla, W. Ion. 5. 40. lat.
35. 4Q. a pott towQ •f the empire
of Morocco, fit. izo Bi. N. W. of
Fez, and 15 m. S. of Tangier.
AsAFH St. W. Ion. 3. 30. lat,
53.18. a city in FlintOiire, in North-
Wales, fit. zoo m. and upwards N,
W. of London, and 20. m. N. W.
of Chefier.
AsCHAFFSNfiURG, £• lOB. 9*
lat. 50. 15. fit. on the river Maine,
in the circle of the lower Rhine, and
ter. of the elector of Mentz, who
has a paiace in this city. It ftands
20 m. £. of Frankfort, and 40 m.
£• of Mentz : here the K. of Great-
Britain took up his quarters the
night before the battle of Dcttingen,
anno 1743 ; and his army was at-
tacked by the French the next day
in their march to Hanau, but the
enemy was repulfed and the K. con-
tinued his march to Hanau.
AscSNsioN, an ifland in the
Atlantic ocean, W. Ion. 17. S. lat.
7. uninhabited, but of great nfe to
the £. India (hips that touch here
and fuinifh thcmfelves with tortoife
on their return from India. This
ifland liesalmoft in the mid- way be*
tween Africa and Brasil in S. Ame-
rica.
As COL I, E. Ion. 15. lat. 42.> 50.
a city in the mar. of Ancona, in
Italy, fit. on the river Tronto, on
the confines of the Abruzzo, 40 m.
S. of Ancona, and 16. m.W. of the
gulph of Venice, fub. to the Pope.
AscoLi, E. Ion. 16. 30. lat.
41. 15. a city of the Capitanate, in
Naples, and a bifli. under the archb.
of Benevento, fit. 60 m. E. of Na-
ples, and 30. m.W. of Manfrcdonla.
AsHBUKTON, W. Ion. 4. 15.
lat. 50. 30, a town in Devonshire,
fit. 170 m. W. from London, and
22 m. S. W. of Exeter } fends 2
members to parliament.
ASHBY DE LA ZoVCH, W.
Ion. I. 2<;. lat. 52. 40. a market
town in Leicederfliire, ico m. N.
W. of London, and 15 m. N. W,
of LeiceOer.
AsHFORD, F. Ion. 45 min. lat.
51. 15. a pretty market town in
Kent, fit. 50 m« S. ^. of ^ndon,
• »9
A S
A T
20 S. E. of Maidfton, and 12 Si W,
•f Canteitury. t'
Asia, fee the Introduc tick.
Asia the lefTer, or Natolia, a pr.
of Afiatic Turky, bounded by the
Heilefpont, the Fropontis, the Bof-
photus, and the Euxinc Tea on the
N. by Georgia, Armenia and Tur-
comania on the £. by Syria and the
Levant fea on the S. and by the
Archipelago on the W.
AsiTio, E. Ion. 13. 3<;. lat.
43. a city of Perugia, in the Pope's
tor. in Italy, 80 nr>. N. of Rome,
and 16 m. S. £» of Perugia.
AsMER, a pr, of India, on this
fide Ganges, between the rivei: Indus
and the pr, of DeJii.
AsoPH, E. Ion. 44. lat. 47. 15.
a city of Coban Tartary in A(ia, fir,
on the S. ihore of the river Don, near
its mouth, a little to the E. of the
PaJuf Meotis, This town, (landing
on the frontiers of Ruflia againfl
1'urky, has been feveral times taken
and retaken of late yrars, but on
the laft peace concluded in the year
1739, between thofe two power?,
it was agreed that the fortifications
Ihould be demoliHied, and the tuwn
remain fiib. to Rufiia.
Assos, E. Ion. 27. 30. lat. 38.
30. a port town of Natol'a in the
lefTer Afia, fit. on a bay of theEgean
fea, 12 m. S. £. of Tioas, Tub. to
Turky,
Assumption, W, Ion. 60. lat,
34. a city of la Plata, in S. Ame-
rica, Bear the mouth of the river ia
Plata, and on the oppofite fhore to
Buenos Ayres, which lies ]7Qm. S.
of AfTumption, fub. to Spain.
Assyria, anciently comprehend-
ed thofe provinces of Turky and
Perfia, which arc now called Cur-
diftan, Diaibec and Iraca<Arabic }
being bounded by Armenia on the N.
Media and Perfia on the E. Arabia
on the S. and the river Euphrates,
vhich divides it from Syria and Afia
Minor on the W. This was one of
the firrt empires we have any know-
ledge of, and continued upwards of
1200 years j Nimrud fuppofcd to be
the firft fovereign, and Sardanapaltis
the laft, who had many more king-
doms and provinces under their domi*
nion than thofe already enumerated.
Ast£rabat, E. Ion. 54. lat.
37. 30. the capital of the pr. of Af-
ter abar, in Perfi3, fir. on the fouth-
ern fhore of the Cafpian fea, 200 m.
N. of Ifphahan, and 150 m. W. of
Mefched.
AsTi, E. Ion. 8. 15. lat, 44. 40.
the capital of the co. of Adi, in
Piedmont, in Italy, fit. on the river
Panaro, 30 m. E. of Turin, and 15
m. S. W, of Cafal j a bi(h. under
the archb. of Milan, but fub. to the
K. of Sardinia,
AsTORGA> W. Ion. 6. 20. lat,
42. 20. a city of the pr. of Leon,
in Spain, At. on the river Inerto,
30 m. S, W. of Leon, a biih. under
the archb. of Compoftella.
AsTRACAN, E. lont 52. lat. 47,
the capital of the K. or" Aftracan,
in Afiatic Ruilia, fit. on the eaftern
ihore of the river Wolga, 80 m, N,
of the Cafpian fea, 8co m, S. W,
of Mofcow, and 450 m, N, of Af-
terabat. It is a large populous city,
and a good fea-port, where the Ruf-
fians, the EngliOi, and other Euro-
perns embark for Perfia.
AsTROP WELLS, near Banbury,
in Oxford/hire, reforted to for their
mineral waters.
AsTURiA, apr. of Spain, bound-
ed by the bay of Bifcay on the N,
and Leon en the S. gives a title to
tne elded fon of Spain, who is fiiled
prince of the Afturias.
Athens, E. Ion. 24. 15. lat,
38. the capital ot Achaia anciently,
and now Livadia, a pr. of Turky,
in Europe, and the city called Spli-
nes. It (lands in the middle of A
large plain, near the river Iliflus,
about 40 m. E. of the ifthmus of
Corinth, being at prefent about 4
m. in circumference, and containing
about loooo louls, three parts where-
of are Chriftians ; and though it be
no longer the feat of the Mufes,
the natives are obferved to have a
gQod (hare of wit. The prefent town
docs
of
b
lir,l
Lol
53J
A T
A U
and Sardanapaltij
>any more king,
inder their domi-
dy enumerated.
. Ion. 54. laf,
>^thepr. of Af-
". on the foiirh-
'ian fea, 200 m.
t ifo m. W. of
15. Jat. 44. 40,
o. of Aft f, ia
It. on the river
Turin, and 1 5
a bjfh. under
but fub. to the
'"• 6. 20. laf,
: pr. «f Leon,
5 river Inerto,
a bifli, under
eUa.
n. 52. lat. 47,
of Aftracan,
3n the eaftern
ga, 80 m. N.
CO m.S. W.
n. N. of Af-
sopuleus city,
lere the Ruf-
other Euro-
ear Banbury,
to for their
>ain, bound,
on the N,
es a title to
vho is ftiled
a anciently,
of Turky,
illed S.-ti-
liddic of it
ver Iliflus,
ftiimiis of
about 4
containing
rts wheie-
)ugh it be
le Mufcs,
to have a
lent towa
docs
[does not lye round the caftle as an-
jcicntly, but on the N. W. fide of it j
the temple of Minerva in the caftle
, is ftili entire, having been converted
into a ChrifYian church, and llnce
into a Turkifli mofque, which late
travellers afltire us, is without com-
parifon the fined temple now in the
world : this city as well as all the
reft of Greece, is now fub. to the
Turks.
Athenrek, W. Ion. 8. 50. Jat,
5'^. 14. a town of Ireland in the co.
of Gallway and pr. of Connaught,
f •■ 10 m. E, of Gallway,
Ithe«ton, W. Ic^ * ic lat,
3 4.0, a town of \, .. iciclhire,
lit, 100 m. and upwards N. W. of
London, and 10 m. N. of Coventry.
Athlone, W. Ion. 8, 5. lat.
53. 20. a ftrong town in the co. of
Weft Meath, in the pr. of Con-
naught, in Ireland, fit. on the river
Shannon, 60 m. W. of Dublin.
Ath. SeeAETH.
Athol, a CO, in the middle of
Scotland, having the (hire of Bade-
noch on the N. and Strathon on
the S. from whence his Grace the
D. of Athol takes his title.
Athos mountain, E. K>n. 26.
Jat. 40, a high promontory near the
gulph of Contcflj, 70 m. E. of Sa-
lonichi, or Theflalonica, now rai-
led Monte Sanflo from the 22 mo-
nafteries ftanding upon it, in which
there are not lefs than 4000 monks
refident, and no woman is fuffered to
come within fight of their con-
vents.
Athy, W, Ion. 7. 5, lat. 5?. a
town of Ireland in the co. of Ril-
darc, and pr. of Leinfter, fit. on
the river Barrow, 10 m. S. of Kil-
dare.
Atignv, E. Ion. 4.40. lat. 49.
21;. a fmall town ofChampnign, in
France, fit. on the river Aifne, zo
m. N. £• of Rheims,
Atlas mountains, run from E.
to W. through the N. of Africa,
from which the fea between Africa
and America obtained the name of
the Atlaiuic ocew j but Dt, $haw
afTuics us, Aat they are neither of
that extraordinary height or bignefs
which have been attributed to them
by antiquity.
Atrt, E. Ion. 15. 20. lat. 42.
40. a fmall city of the Abruzzo, in
Naples, fir. 4 m. W. of the gulph
of Venice, and 26 m. W. of A.
quila.
Attlerury, E. Ion. 40. min,
lat. 52. 30. a market town of Nor-
folk, 80 m. N. E. of London, and
lo N. of Thetford.
Attock, E. Ion. 72. lat. 33,
a city, the capital of a pr. of the
fame name, fit. on the river Attock,
which is lately made the boundary
between Perfia and India, by a treaty
Lictwecn Kouli Kan, fovcreign of
Perfia, and the great Mogul, but as
the Mogul was then his prifoner, he
will probably take the firft opportu-
nity of recovering the Indian provin-
ces again, which he vielded to Perfia
beyond the river Attock.
AvA, a K. of India beyond
Ganges, fit, on the N. E. part of the,
bay of Bengal, between the coun-
tries of Arracan on the N, and Pegu,
on the S.
Aval ON, E. Ion. 31 50. Jat.
4". 25. a town of Burgundy, in
France, fit. 60 m. N. E. ot Bourges,
and 50 m, W. of Diion. , ^r^;
AunAr.NE, E, Ion. 5. 30, fat,
43. I-. a town of Frince in Pro-
vence, fit. near the Mediterranean, 7
m. S. E. of Marfeillcs.
Av BE, a river which rifes in the
S. E. part of Champaign, in Fr.nncc,
runs N. W. and falJs into the Seine
below Plancy. The Duke or Rch-
mond takes the title of Duke inr
France from this place : He is de-
fccnded from the Dutchcfs of Purtf-
mouth, who was created Dutcheft of
Aubigny in France, at the inftance
of Charhs II. King of England.
Air n I CM, E. Ion. i, 20. lat,
47. 3. a town of France in the pr.
of Berry, and government of Or-
leanois, fit. 24 m. N. of Bourges.
AuBiN St. W. Ion, I. 30. lat.
48, i^. a town of, Britany, in
' ' *^ France,
A U
A V
' '
France, fit. lam. N. E, ofRennes, 220 m. E. and by S. from Vienna,
and *5 m. S. E- of Dinant. and 33 N. W. from Munich. It is
Auburn, W. Ion. 1. 40. lat. ftilcd an imperial city, 01 fovereign
51. 30, a market town in Wiltfliire, ftate, being governed by the town-
gm.N.E. of Marlborough, and 24 council, and the reprefentatives of
m, W. of Reading. the burghers } in the firft the exe-
AvBUssoN, E. Ion* z. 15. lat. cutive power is lodged, and in both
45* 55* ^ tOMvn of France, in the the legiHative authority, and there
pr. of la Marche and government is a large ter. about Augiburgh, fub.
of Lionois, fit. 40 m. N. £. of to this city j one moiety of the burg-
Limoges, hers are Proteftants, and the other
AuD£, a river of France, that Papifts, who have an equal (hare in
tifes in the Fyrennees, and running the government and in the choice of
N. by Alet, in Rouflillon, then vi- their reprefentatives. Here it was
fits Carcaflone, and running from the Lutherans prefented their con-
thence W. through Languedoc, falls feflionof faith to the emperor Charles
into the Mediterranean a little N. £. V, at a diet of the empire, held
of Narbonne. anno 1550 } from hence called the
AuDENARD. SeeOuDENARD. Auglburg confeflion, whlch oocafion-
AvELLiNo, E. Ion. 15. 20. lat. ed a civil war in the empire between
41. a town of Naples, in the pr. of the Proteftants and Papifts, that
the Principat. fit. 25 m. E. of Na- lafted upwards of twenty years. The
pies. biHiop is one of the ecdefiaftical
AucH, a city of the province of princes of the empire, by virtue of
in France, in 1 degree the territories annexed to his bifls.
odd minutes E lun. and 43 degrees but has no (hare in the civil govern*,
odd minutes N. lat. ment of the city.
AvEiRo, a port town of Portu- Augustow, E. Ion. 23, lat. 53,
gal, in the pr. of Beira, fit, near
the ocea.-!; at the mouth ofihe river
Vouga, 2S m. S. of Porta, W. Ion.
tf. 8. lat. 40. 32.
AvERSA, £. Ion. 14. 45. lat.
41. 15. a town of Naples, in the
pr. of Lavoro, 7 m. 8. of Capua.
AvERANCE, or Auranche, W.
a town of Maffuvia, in Poland, fit.
no m. S. £. of Konninglberg, and
30 m. W. of Grodno.
A u G u s T 1 N town and fort, W.
Ion. Si. lat. 30. the capital of the
Spanifh Florida, in America, fit.
near the frontiers of Georgia, and
has been feveral times attempted to
Ion. 1. 20. lat. 48.40. a port town be reduced by the Engliih, but with*
of Normaiidy, in France, fit. 25 m. out fuccefs.
S. of Conftance, and 26 a. E. of
St. Malo.
AvEs, fomc fmall iflands belong-
ing to the Dutch on the coaft of
.Terra Firma, in S. America, 80 m.
E. of Curaflbu,
AvEsNES, £. Ion. 3. 40. lat.
50. 10. a little fortified town of
Hainalt, in the French Netherlands,
August IN cape, W. Ion. 35*
S. lat. 8. 30. fit. in Brazil, in S.
America, on the Atlantic ocean,
300 m. N E. of the bay of All
Sainti.
AuGUsf A or AusTA, E. Ion.
17. 40. lat. 42. 35. an idand in
the gulf of Venice on the coaft of
Dalmatia near Ragufa^ and fub. to
a6 m. E. of Cambray, and zi m. S. that republic,
tof Mons. AviGLiANo, £. Ion. 7. lat. 44.
AucsEURcri, E. Ion. 11. lat. 40. a fnwU town of Piedmont, in
4?. 20. a very large and elegant Italy, 7 m, W. of Turin, and lo
city of Su.bia, in Germany, fit. on m. N. of Pignerol.
the rivers Lech and Wardour, 36 m. Avignon, E. Ion. 4. 40. lat.
£. of UlnD| 65 m. S. W. of Ratiibon, 43, 50* a large city of Provence, in
France^
('
rom Vienna,
inich. It is
Oi fovereigir
y the town*
fentatives of
trft the exe.
and in both
r, and there
^(burgh. Alb.
of theburg-
id the other
[ual Hiare in
he choice of
Here it was
i their con-
peror Charles
impire, held
e called the
ich occaflon-
pire between
^apifts, that
years. The
ecdefiaftical
by virtue of
to his biflj.
civil govern-
23,lat. 53.
Poland, fit.
ngfberg, and
id fort, W.
pital of the
merica, fit.
orgia, and
ttempted to
I, but with*
^ lont 35»
razil, in S.
tic ocean,
bay of All
, £. Ion.
n idand in
coaft of
nd Alb. to
7. lat. 44.
edmont, in
in, and 10
.. 40. laf,
ovence, in
Francci
A V
Fr^ee, and cap* of the ter. of the
VenailTme, fit. on the E . (ide of the
river Rhone, 20 m. S. of Orange, 37
XT. N. W, of Ai:t, and 410 m. S.
£. of Paris. This is an archb. and,
with the whole pr. of the Venaiffine,
fub. to the Pope. Seven Popes Aic-
ceflively refided in this city, vie.
from the year 1307 to I377t But to
prevent future Popes removing from
Rome, the Italians have taken care
ever fince to have a majority of Car-
dinals of that nation, and an Italian
is now always chbfen to fucceed to
the papal chair. There is a. univ.
alfo at Avignon, and a court of in-
quifition is eftabliihed here, but in
no other part of France.
AviLA, W. Ion. 5. 20. lat, 40,
50. a fine city of the pr. of old Caf-
tile, in Spain, fit. 50 m. N. W. ^of
Madrid, and 47 m. S. £* of Sala-
manca, in a mountainous country ;
it is the fee of a bifh. and univ.
AviLES, W. Ion. 6. 40. lat. 43.
30. a port town of the pr. of Aftu-
ria, in Spain, fit. 23 m. N. of Oviedo,
and 8 m. S. of Cape d& Pinas.
Avis, W. Ion. 8. 30. lat. 38. 50,
a little town of the pr. of Alentejo,
in Portugal, 65 m. E. of Liiboh,
and 16 m, S. W. of Portalegre.
AuKLAND.W. lon.1.25. lat. 54»
40. a market town on the river Were,
in the bifli. of Durham, 12 m. S. W.
of Durham, and 20 m. N. of Rich-
mond, and 250 m. N. of London.
AuLCESTER, W. Ion. I. 50.
lat. 52, 20. a market town of War-
wickfliirc, 80 m. N. W. of London,
and 14 m. S. W. of Warwick.
AuLis, a fea-port of Attica, in
Greece anciently, oppofite to Eub:ea,
or NegropontjH here the Grecian fleets
rendezvoufed before the expedition
againfl Troy. See Negropont.
A u M A L E. See Albemarle.,
AuNis, a maritime pr. of France,
on the weftern fhore of the bay of
Bifcay, having the pr. of Poiclou on
the N. and Santoigne on the S,
Avon, a river that rifcs in Wilt-
fhue, and running W. by Bath, where
it becomes navigable, continues its
A U
courfe to Briftol, falling Into the Se*
vern a little below that city.
Avon, a river that rifes in Lei-
ceftcrfliire» and running S. W. by
Warwick, continues its courfe S. W.
by Eveiham, falling into the Severn
at Tewk&ury in Gkxicefter/hire,
Aurach, E. lonJ 9. so. lat*
48. 25. a town of the D. of Wit-
temburg, in the cir. of Suabia, in
Germany, 15 m. £. of Tubingen,
and 24 m. S. of Stutgart.
AuRAY, W. Ion. 2. 25. lat 47*
40. a port town of Britany, 8 m*
W. of Vannes, and 18 m. S. E. of
Port Lewis.
AuREA Chersonesvs. See
Malacca } the further Peninfula
of India in A(>a, anciently fo called.
AURJENGABAD, E. lon. 75. 30.
lat. 19, 15. a large city in the pr. of
Vifiapour, in India, on this fide
Ganges, fit. 140 m. S. E. of Surat,
and T45 m. N. E. of Gua.
AvRicK, a city in the county of
Embden and circle of Wcfi:phalia, in
6 deg. 50 min. £. lon. and 53 deg.
40 min. N. lat. fit. 12 miles N. £.
of Etnbden city, poflefs'd by the K.
of Pruflia on the death of the late
Earl of Embden, but claimM by his
i)refent majefty George II. King of
England, who is fupposM to have the
better title to that county,
Austria, a circle of Germany,
comprehends the provinces of Auftria
proper, Siyiia, Carinthia, Carnioia,
Tyrol, Trent and Brixcn, and ia
bmmded by Bohemia and Moravia on
the N. Hungary, Sclavonia and Cro-
atia on the E. the tcr. of Venice on
the S. and n,ivaria on the W.
Autre Ect he, E. lon. 4. 50.
lat. 50. 40. a village of Brabant,
in the Auftrian Netherlands, 2 m.
N. E. of Ramcilles, 4 S. of Judoign,
and 20 N, of Namur j to which the
left wing of the French army ex-
tended, when the confederates ob-
tained that fjgnal victory over the
French at Rameilles, anno 1706,
AuTUN, E. lon. 4. 15. lat. 46.
50. capital of the Autunoi?, a city
of Burgundy, in France, fit. on the
D river
A Y
B A
rivM Arroux, 45 m. S.B. of Dijon,
and 32 in. W. of Chalons, a biih.
under the archb. of Lyons.
AuvERNE, a ter. of Lyonois, in
France, lying between the Bourbonois
on the N. and the Cevennes on the S.
AvLEN, £. Ion. 10. 12. lat.
48. 50. a little city of Suabia, in
Germany, being an imperial or fo>
vereign f)ate, fit. 30 m. N. of Ulm,
and 50 W. of IneoidfVat.
Aux, or Augh, £. Ion. 2b min.
lat. 43. 40. the capital city of Gaf-
cony, in the ter. of Armagnac, in
S. France, fit. on the fide of a
mountain, near the river Gers. It
is the fee of an archb. one of the
richeft in France, but a fmall town,
diAant 80 m. S. E* of Bourdeaux,
and 35 m. W. of Thoioufe, and 320
S. W. of Paris.
AuxERRE, £. Ion. 3. 35. lat.
47. 40. capital of Auxerrois, in Bur-
gundy, in France, fit. on the river
Yonne, 23 m. S. of Sens, and 80
tn. S. £. of Paris j a biih. fee under
the archb. of Sens.
AvxoNE, £. Ion. 5. 22. lat. 47.
15. a fmall city of Burgundy, in
France, fit. on the river Su^ne, 14
m. £. of Dijon, and 7 m.W, of Dole.
AxBRiDGB, W. Ion. 3. lat. 51.
30. a market town, fit. on the river
i\x, in SomerfetOiire, 8 m. N.
W. of Wells, and 120 m. W. of
London.
Axel, £* Ion. 3. 40. lat. 51.
«0t a fmall fortified town in Dutch
Flanders, 14 m. N. of Ghent, and
20 m. W, of Antwerp.
AxiM, W. Ion. 4. lat. 5. a town
•n the gold coaft of Guincy, where
the Dutch have a fort and fadlory,
called St. Anthony. ,:■ -
AxMiNSTER, W.' Ion. 3. 15,
lat. 50. 40. a market town in De-
von/hire, 22 m. E. of Exeter.
AxuMA, E. Ion. 38. lat. 15. a
city of AbylTinia, in Africa, fit. 100
m. W. of the ReJ-fta, and 360 m.
N. W. of the firaits of Babmandel.
Ayamonte, W. Ion. 8. 5. lat.
37. a port town of Andalufia, in
bpain, fit. near the mouth of the
rivet Guadiana, 100 m. W. of Se*
ville, and 85 m. N.W. of Cadiz.
Aye, See Eye, a borough town
in Suffolk.
Ay MOUTH, W. loB. I. 50, lat.
55. 50. a town of Scotland, in the
CO. of Mers, fit. on the German Sea,
6 m. N. of Berwick.
Azores iflands, fit* between 25
and 33 W. Ion. and between 36 and
40 N. lat. the chief is Tercera, by
which name they are fometimes cal.
led, and fometimes the Weflern Ifles,
lying irt the; Atlantic ocean W. of Eu-
rope f they are fub. to Portugal.
:.",'■• B A y .;
BAB, or Babelmandel, E. Ion.
44. 30. lat. 12. a little idand
at the entrance of the Red-fea from
the Indian ocean, which gives name
to the firaits of Babmandel.
Babylon, once the capita j of
the Babylonifh empire, has no\i no
remains of it left, but is fuppoftd to
have lain in 44 degrees of £. Ion. i>nd
32 degrees of N. lat. on the river
Euphrates, but not on the prefent
channel ; and hereabouts is fuppofed
to have been the feat of Paradife.
Babylon, alfo was the naihe of
a great city in Egypt, fuppofed to
have flood where Grand Cairo does
at prefent.
Baca, W. Ion. 3. lat. 37, 30. a
town of Granada, in Spain, 35 m,
N. W. of Almeria, and 48 m. N.
£. of Granada.
Baccaserai, E. Ion. 55. lat.
45.15. the capital of CrimTartary,
fit. 60 m. S. of Prekop, and 80 m*
W. of the firaits of Kaffe,
B a c c E M, or Baciairo, E. Ion. 72 .
lat, 19. 20. a port town of Cam-
baya, in the hither Peninfiila of In.
diiif fub. to the Portuguese.
Backer AC, £. Ion. 7. lat. 50.
a toMn of the pal. of the Rhine, fit,
on the W, ihofc of that river. 10 m.
is
L
fi A
B A
m. W. of Se-
V. of Cadiz.
I borough town
Ion. X. 50. lat.
cotiand» in the
le Cerinin Sea^
fit, between 25
between 36 and
is Tercera, by
fometimes cal.
! Weflern Ifles,
:ean W. of Eu-
) Portugal.
andel, E. Ion.
a little iHand
Red- Tea from
ich gives name
indel.
:he capital! of
) has nov^ no
is fuppofed to
of E. ion. I'nd
on the river
» the prefent
Its is fuppofed
Paradife.
i the name of
I fuppofed to
id Cairo does
»t. 37. 30. a
Jpain, 35 m.
1 48 m. N.
on. J5. lat.
rim Tartary,
and 80 m,
E. Ion. 72.
^n of Cam-
nfiila of In.
eze.
7. lat. 50.
Rhine, fit.
ivcr, 10 m.
£.
E. of SImfren, and 26 m, W. of
Mentz J remarkable for its excellent
wines, Vub. to the eleftor Palatine.
Bachian ifle, E, Ion. 125. un-
der the equator, one of the Moluc-
ca's, or Clove iflands, in the power
of the Dutch. Afia.
Bachu, E. Ion. 49. lat. 40.1
port towa of the pr. of Chirwan, or
Shirvan in Perfia, fit, on the weftern
Acre of the Cafpian fea, 300 m. S.
of Aftracan, and 120 m. N. of Fc-
labat. Afia.
Bactr xa, a pr. on the N, E. of
antient Pcrfia, part of the prefent
Uibcck Tartary, and the Perfian pr.
cf Chorazzan, the native country of
Kouli Kan, or Sbah Nadir. Afia.
Badajox, W. Ion. 7. 20, lat,
38. 45. a large foitified town of Spa-
nifh Eftremadura, fit. on the river
Cuadiana, 12 m. E. of Elvas, and
180 m. S.W. of Madrid. .
BASAtoN, E. Ion. 2. 15. Jat.
41. 15. a town fit. in the pr. of Ca-
talonia in Spain, on the ihors of the
Mediterranean, 10 m. £. of Barce^
lona J where K. Charles (the iate
Emperor) and the lord Peterborough
landed, when they laid fiege to Bar-
celona, anno 1704,
Baden, E. Ion. 4. 8. lat. 48. 40.
capital of the margrivat** of Baden,
in Suabia, ut. 20 m. N. of StiaA)urg,
and 40 m. W. of Stutgart, fub, to
the prince of Baden, and remarkable
for its hot baths.
Bad£n-Weili,er,E. lon.7. 30.
lat. 47. 40, a town of the Brifgow,
in Suabia, 15 m, N. of Bafil, fub.
to a prince of Baden, and has feveral
hot baths.
Baden-oourlacK, See Dur-
}a/k or Dourla/k.
Baden, E. Ion. 8. 15, lat. 47.
35. the capital of the ter. of Baden,
in Switzerland, fit. 14 m. N. W, of
Zurich, and 14 m, S. of Waldfliut,
fub. to the Swifs Cantons, and the
place wl;ere the dates afiTemble.
Baden, E. Ion. 16. 20. lat, 48.
20, a town of the cir. of Auftria, 15 m.
S. of Vienna, and 14 m. N. of New*
Atdt, fub. to the houfe of Aunria.
Badi:nock, a county of Scot-
land, having Invernefs on the N.
Murray on the E. Athoi on the S.
and Lochabar on the W.
Badis, E. Icn. 23. lat. 59. 15.
a fortref: of Livonia, fit. 20 m, W,
of Rfvcl, fub. to Rufiia.
Bat? A, W. Ion. 3. 15. laf. 37,
40. a large city of Andalufia, in
Sp;.in, fir. on the river Guadalquivir,
65 ni. E. of Cordona, and 40 m. N,
£. of Cranadrk } abifli. anduniv.
Baffin's bay, a gulph in N".
America J difcovered by one B*fHn,
an Engltihman, in attempting to dif-
cover a N. W, paffjge into »^^jie Pa-
cific ocean ^ this bay runs frum cape
Farewel, in W. Greenland, lat. 6o,
N. E. to 80 degrees,
Bagdat, E. Ion. 43. lat. ^^,
20. a ftrong town of Turky, on the
fjon\:iers of Perfia, fit. on the river
Tigris, in the pr, of Irjica Arabic,
the ancient Chaldea, of which it is
the capital, and fiands 260 m. N.
W. of BoiTora, 340 m. V/. cf Ifpa-
han, and 350 m. S. E. of Aleppo,
It was the capital of the Saracen em-
pire, till the middle of the 13th cen-
tury, when the Turks made a con-
queft of it j fince which it has been
taken and retaken feveral times by
the Perfians and Turks, but tlie
Turks made themfelves maflers of it
in the year 1689, and have continued
in pofTetlion of it ever fincc. Kouli
Kan, or Shah Nadir, the late fove-
reign of Perfia, has befieged it more
than once, but been obliged to raife
the fiege by the Turks.
Bagnagar, E. Ion. 77, 30.
lat. 16. 30. the capital of the pr. of
Golconda, in the hither Peninfula of
India, fit. 220 m. N, W. of Fort St.
George, and as many E. of Goa,
formerly the refidence of the kings
of Golcanda, but this and the whole
pr. is now fub. to the Mogul. It
was moft taken notice of for a mag-
nificent rcfervoir of water and foun-
tains, round which was built a colon-
nade, fupported by arches, which
afforded a refrefliiRg coolncfs in the
hottell feafon. Afia.
D 2 Bag«
HA
B A
s
¥ (
I *
t
BAGSiAtucK, E. Ion. 18. 15.
lat. 44. a large city of the pr. of
Bofnia, in European Tiirky, fit. 60
in. N. E. of Spalatto, and 90 tn. S.
W. of Pufega.
BAHAMA} or Lucaya iflands, fit.
5n the Atlantic ocean, between 21
and 27 degrees of N. lat, and between
73 and 81 degrees of weftern Ion. are
very numeroas, but there arc about
3 2 of them of a confiderable extent.
The gulph of Florida, or Bahama,
through which the Sp.-mifli galleons
fail in their way to Europe, lies be-
tween thefc iflands and the continent
of Florida. America.
Bahama prcper, which gives its
name to the reft, is fit. between 78
and 81 degrees of W. If n. ami be-
tween 26 and 27 degiees of N, lat.
Thefe iflands were difcovtred by Co-
Jumbus, anno 1402, in his fearch of
America. The ifland of St. Salva-
dor, one of the Bahama ifiands, was
the firft land Columbus difcovcred
Ml/hen his men defpaired of nnding
any, and> were about to throw him
overboard} which occasioned hit gi-
ving the ifland the name 6f St. Salva-
dor : but fee more of thefc iflands in
the defcription of the ifland of Pro-
vidence, now fortified by the Eng-
hfh, and comma.ids the reft of the
Bahama ifiacdK.
Baharen ifland, E. Icn. 50. ht.
26. an ifland in the Perfian gulph in
Ada, where was one of the mo.4 con-
fiderable pearl fifheries in the world,
but difufcd at prefent.
Bah us, £. Ion. if. lat. 58. 20.
capital of the pr. of Bahus, inS\veden,
lit. near the fea called the Schagger-
lach, 20 m. N. W. of Cottenburgh.
Baja, E. Ion. 14. 45. lat»4i.6,
a town of Italy, in the K. of Naples
and tcr. de Lavoro, fit, on the Tea
coaft 12 m. V/, of the city of Naples.
This city Was famous for its hot baths
and elegant palaces in the time of the
Romans, and here they ftill fhew
the ruins of buildings which they de-
nominate the palaces of Caefar, Pom-
pey, Cicero, and orher Romans of
dliUaftion j and that iittle fpot call-
ed thcElyfian fields, lies about inn:
from Baja, but has not much to ren-
der it admired at prefent.
Bajador cape, W, Ion. 15. lat,
27. fit. on the W. coaft of Africa,
S. of the Canary iflands.
Bakal, a great lake in the mid-
dle of Siberia, in the road from
Mufcovy to China. Afia.
Bala, W. Ion. 3.40. lat. 52. 55.
a market town of Merionethi(hir« in
Wales, fit, 16 m. S. of Denbigh.
Balagate mountains, which
divide the Malabar coaft from that
of Cormandel, running almoft the
whole length of the hither Pcninfuia
of Irdia from N. to S. Afia.
Balagna, E. 45. lat. 56. 30.
a town of Mufcovy, in the pr. of
little Novogorod, fit. on the river
Wolga, 50 m. N. of Nifna or Nife
Novogorod,
Balaguek, E. Ion. ?o min.
lat. 41. 30. a city of Catalonia, in
Spain, fit. on the river Segra, 75 m*
W. of Barcelona, and 15 m. N; £•
of Lerida.
Bal'j ASTRO, W. Ion, 15 min,
lat. 42. capital of the ter. of Bal-
baftro, in the pr. of Arragon, ia
Spain, fit. on the fiver Sinca, 50 m.
N. E. of SaragoflTa, abifli. under the
ar«.hb. of Saragufia.
Balbec, E. Ion, 37, 30. lat. 33,
a town of Afiatic Turky, fit, at the
foot of mount Libanus, 30 m. N,
of Damafcur, in Syria, the ancient
Heliopolis, or city of the Sun, of
which there are moft magnificent
ruins ftill remaining, particularly
there are fome ftones in the walls
upwards of twenty yards in length,
four yards broad, and four in depth
each of them. It is Tub. to theTurks,
but inhabited chiefly by Greek
Chriftians.
Balch, E. Ion. 65. ao. lat. 37. a
city of Uftjec Tartary in Afia, capi,
tal of a ter. of the fame name, fit.
on the frontiers of Periia, 200 m. S,
of Bochara,
Baloivia, or Valdivia, W^
Ion. 80. S. lat. 40. a port town of
the, {(Ti of Chilij in S. Antfrica, fit.
300
B A
B A
?
300 m. S. of St. Jago, and xoo m.
N. E. of the idand of Chiloe. This
town was founded by that celebrated
Spaai/h general Baldivia, about the
year 155 1» >fter he had fpent up-
wards of eleven years in the conquefl
of that valuable country of Chili,
and built St. Jago, the capital, and
many other towns. To this he gave
his own name, and referved the
country about it to himfelf, there
being greater plenty of gold in the
neighbouring mountains than in any
part cf America ; but he had the
misfortune after all his conquers to
be defeated and talc^n prifoner by the
Chilefians, who put him to dearh,
'tis faid, by pouring Ticlted gold
down h« throat, after which he
feemed to have (o infatiable a thirft.
The Chilefianr afterwards recovereti
£aldivia, and many other tow.;;,
driving the Spaniards out of the in-
land country, but they remained
however poHeflcd of feveral pl-^res
en the coiift. The Dutch, anr a< -
ter them the Engl ifh, attemptt' to
fettle at Baldivia, but were compel-
led to retire from thence, eitlier by
the Spaniards, or natives, or both.;
and the Spaniards arc makers of
Baldivia at this dayt
Baldoc, 15 min. W. Ion, lat.
51. 55. a market town in Hertford-
Aire, fit. 3^ jn. N. of London, \
tn. £. of Hitchin, and 7 m. W. of
Royflon.
Balkarxs,. t'^f. ancient name
for the iflands of ^'; ur;ca, M'inoicn,
and Ivica, fit. in tne Mediterranean
fe<i, S. of Catalonia, in Spain.
Bali, £. Ion. 114. S. lat. 7» 30.
This iHr^nd, sui the tail end of the
idand of Java, form a (^rait about a
m. over, thro' which tiie Eaft-India
nierchant-fhips fometimes return to
Europe from China» It is a diflicult
pdtfage, if it be not obfcrved that the
S. wind buriis thro* the Araits once
in 24 hours, and fets a (hip back
as much as it has gain'd in a whole
day. Afia.
Baxisore^ E. Ion. 85. 15. lat.
zi*. 3,Qi a Eori town of> Uie JiLithcx!
India, fit. on the N. W. part of the
bay of Bengal, 180 m. S. W, of
Huegley, and 340 m. N. E. of Maf-
lapsitan, an EngliHi fa^ory, where
Eali-India tliips, bound for the river
Ganges and Bengal, ufually take in
pilots ; fub. to the Mogul. Afia.
Ballaghy, W. Ion* 8. 55. lat,
53. 48. a town of Ireland, in the co»
of Slego and pr, of Connaught, fit.
20 m. S. of Slego.
Ballishannon, W. Ion. S.
30. lat. 54. 25. a great town of the
CO. of Donnegal, and pr. of Uider,
fit. £. of Donnegal bay, and zo m.
S. of the town of Donnegal, and no
m. N. W; of Dublin, in Ireland.
r-<ALSARA, SeeBossoRA.-
Balliconnkl, W. Ion. 7. 50*
Jat. 54. 6. a town of Irelan:'; in the
CO. of Cavan and pr. of Ullier, fit.
II n N, E. of Cavan.
B TIC SEA, has Sweden on th?
K, ?nd Germany and Livonia on the
S, It is ob'' rvable, that a current
.-vlways fetr ouc of this fea thro' the
Sound into the ocean j for whiiK
reafon, and tlie ntjn.-rccs frclh w.i*
ter rivers which fall into it, its wa-
ters are not fo fait as other fcai ;
and there are no tides in it ; and i:
is frequently frozen 3 or 4 mon;h ^ in
the winter.
Baltimore, E. Ion. g. 15. lat,
51. 15. a town in the co. of Cork,
and pr. of MunHer in Ireland, fit. on
a head land which runs into the fea
15 m. S, W. of Roffe, and 5. m. N.
£. of the ifland of cape Clear, and
gives title to Lord Baltimore, which
16 the family name»
Bambkrg, E. Ion, to. 50. lat.
50. 15, capital of the ter. of Bam-
berg in Franconia in Germany, fir^
on the river Regnits, 40 m. N. o;'
Nuremburg, and 4;; m. Ti. E. ot
Wurtfburg. The bifli. cf Bambt.Mg is
fovereign of the city, and a ter. about
it, 60 m. in length and 40 in bread'Ju
Bamff, \V. Ion. 2. 5» lat. 57*
40. capital of the fhire of Bamft', in
the N. E, part of Scotlaad, fit. at
the mouth of the livcr Dcvern near
ihz German ocean, 32 m, N~ W. of
D. J; Aiiet*
B A
B A
Aberdeen, and i xo m. N. of Edin-
kurgh.
Bampton, a market-town in
OxfordOiire, fit. on the river I(is,
lo m. S. W. of Oxford, gives its
xiiime to the hundred. W. Ion. x.
35. lat. 51. 40. i
Bampton, a market town in
Devon, (it. 20 m. N. of' Exeter^ and
2 m. N. of rivtrton, and x 60 m.W,
of London, W. Ion. 3. 40. lat. 51. 5.
Ba-nbury, W, Ion. 1. 20. lat.
52. 5. a large borough-town in Ox-
fordinire, fit. on thq river Cherwel
40 m. N. «^f Oxford, and 60 m. N.
"W, of London j fends one member
to parliament.
Banca ifle, E. Ion. 105. S. lat.
3. near the S. E. part of the iflind
of Sumatra, from whick it Is fepara-
tcd by a very narrow channel. Afia,
Bancalis, E. Ion. 99. N, lat.
«. a port town of the E. coaft af 'Su-
matra, in the E. Indies, 130 m. W.
of Malacca, a Dutch fettlcmcnt.
Kancock, E. Ion. loi, lat. 13.
30, a city of the K. ©f Siam, in In-
«lia, beyond Ganges, fit, near the
mourh of the river Mcnan, 40 m.
S. of the city Siam. Afi.i.
Ban' I) A, or Lantor, E. Ion. 128.
S. lat. 4. yo. This is the chief of
if.c Banda iflands, wher(! nutmegs
»:row : they are all of them very
ffnall, f(ar<f any of them 20 m.
Jcig, and have the ifland of Ccrnm
« n thi N. the ifiand of Celebes or
M.icaJfar on the W. and the ocean
im the F. and S an J hes S. E of
Amboyna 170 miles. The ma<e co-
vers the ntinnej\ U2 the hulk tovtrs
a nut, Thefp idands have been al-'
W3V8 much efteemed on account of
theii producing thefe fpices. The
Axihi Atd biought tlie«). to Egypt
and th» crafts of the Ltvjnt, and
ffom thence ihey were diHributed all
rver Europe. The rortugurfe having
found the way to Afia round the
CTpf of Good Hoj'f-, r^t-out the year
1*^00, trufKck*d with the natives ol*
Jnlia, and brought thtfe (pices to
£uto^c. Th« Dutdv invddvd Uicfe
ifhtnds about the year 1609, when
the natives put themfelves under the
prote£lion of the Englifli, ar.d ac-
knowledged the K.. of England their
fovereign : but the Dutch expeD'd
both the natives and the Engliih,
ufurp'd the dominion of them, and
keep poiTeilion of them to this day,
excluding all other nations from thei'e
valuable fpices, which will grow no
whrre elfe, it is pretended. Afia.
Bander Abassi. See Com-
B R O N .
Bandir Congo, E* Ion. 54,
50. lat. 27. a port town on the E,
ficie of the Perfian gulph, 100 m.
W. of Bander Abaili, ot Gombron.
Afia.
Bando. See Asimer.
Banrora, E. Ion. 72. 30. ]at.
Tg. the capital of the ifland of Sal-
fet or Canorin, on the W. coaft of the
hither India, divided from the ifland
of Bombay by a narrow channel, fub-
jeft to the Fortugucfc. Afia,
Bangor, W. Ion. 4. 15. lat, 5^*
20. a city in Carnarvon/hire in N.
Wales, the fee of a bifliop, fit. oa
the fra.fidf, 30 m, W, of St. Afaph,
and 220 ni. N. W. of London.
Bank AOHiR, W. Ion. 8. lat. 53.
ic. a town of Ireland, in King's lO.
in the pr, of Lcinfler, fit. on the ri-
ver Shannon, 15 m. S. of Athlone.
Banians, a numerous fedl in
the Eaft-Indes, who never eat any
thing that has life. They ajply
tbcmfelves chiefly to trade, and arc
the gieateft merchants in the world.'
Bankish, a pr. of the Mogul's
donuniuns in the N. part ot the
hither India, lying S, W. of the pr»
tfi' Ca/Iimere. Afia.
Ban JAR, a river in the ifland of
Borne* in the E, Indies, in the
moikth wl;erc>>f is a floating town,
where the Englifli E. India company
have a faftory.
Bantam, B. Ion, los'. S. lat. 6»
3c. once the capital of a large king-
dom, and a port town of great trade
en the N. W, coafl of the iflancl
gf j<iva ^ iind hue
the £n»cl.(h
B A
B A
(land of
in the
town,
ompany
lat. 6»
; king-
at trade
£nt:l.(h
£A{l-In(^ta company had one of their
piincipai factorieii : but the Dutch
attacked and depofcd the K.. of Ban-
tivn, and expelled the EngH/h from
thence, in the reign of K.. James II.
in a time of ^ull peace, aud flill re*
tain the poITeflion both of the city
and kingdom, fufFering one of the
pofterity of their ancient kings to
enjoy the title of king, Ada.
Bantry, W. Ion. 9. 20. lat*
51. 30. fit. on a bay of the fca, to
wiiich it gives its name, in the co.
ot Cork and pr, of MunAer, in the
S.W, part of Ireland.
Bapaume, £. Ion. 3. lat. 50.
10. a forciBed town of the pr. of
Attois, in the French Nctherlant^s,
fit. iz m. S.£. uf Arras, and 14. m.
S.W. ofCambray.
Bar, a D. on the N.W. of Lur-
rain in Germany, lying on both fides
zhe river Macfe, and having Luxem-
burg on the N. and another part of
Lorrain on the S. now Tub. to France.
Bar, £. Ion. z8. lat. 4.8,20. a
town of the pr. of Fodolia in i'oland,
fit. 65 m. N. £. of Kaminec, and
j5 m. N.W, of Braclaw.
BaracoAj^ W. Jon. 76, lat. zi.
a town on the N.E. psrt of the
ifland of Cubu, in N. America, 50
m. N.E. of Sr.Jai^o d;: Cub.!.
Baranca, W. Icn. 75. 30. lat.
11. a port town of St. Martha m
Terra Firma, fit. on the river Grande,
30 m, S. of thf! iHuuth of that river,
and 75 m. N. E. of Carthagena, the
fee of a biihop. America.
Bap.anw.\hr,K. ](>n. 20. lat. 46.
20. a town of iowcr Hungary, lit.
near the Danube, is m. N.W. of
Eilcck, and 90 m. N.W, of Helgr«ie,
fub. to the houfe of Auftria.
BARBADoifi, W. Ion.. 59, "^o.
].it. 13. one of the nr;Ci/h Caribbce
idands, At. in the Atlaiuic ocean,
more r*<lerly than any of the reft,
90 m. S. £. of Marcinico, and 70
m, £. of St. Vincent, being ic m.
in length, and ii; in breadth, a level
coiinf'y, fenera!!) with fome fmall
kills, and but little wood ii^on it.
They produce iugar, iiur^uugn^ ia«
digo, and ginger ; their fruits, oran-
ges, cit.ons, pine -apples, guavas,
plantans. Sec. The coails might
eafily be made defenfible -, but the
money dcfigned for the fortifications
is otherwise applied. The lugar-
works are upon the decline at pre-
fent, which, with the opprcilion of
fome of their governors, hath in-
duced fome of the richeft planters
to removf. A college has been built
and endowed here by the late Col*
Codrington, and other benefaduts ;
but it has not yet anfwer'd the pious
intention of tKc founders. The ihiti*
ber of white inhabitants may be
about 2o,coo, and there may be
100,000 negioes. 'litey receive moft
of their corn, cattle, flefh, and
falted hih.^ftom the northern colo-
nies, and their cloaths and furniture
from England. They are fubjedl to
hurricanes here in the months of
July and Auguft : but not fo much
as in the other Carlbbee illaaids. The
trade-wind at all other times blows
conAantly from the eailward.
Barbary. This coaft extends
itfelf along the Amthern ftore of the
Meditenanean lea, from the 2d de-
gree of W. Ion, to the 30th degree
of E. Ion. that i?, from the river
Mulvia, which fcparates it from Mo-
rocco on the W. to Eijypt on tie E,
comprehending the ccunlrics of Al-
giers, Tunis, Tripoli, and Uarca. AtV,
BARBtikiNu, E. lun. 12. i^.
lat. 43. 40. a town of Tufciny ia
Italy, IX fjn. S. ot Florence.
Barb I, St. a town of New Bifcay
in Mexico, near whicii are rich fiivcr
mines, fit. 500 m. N.W. of Mexico
city, W. Ion, 1 10. lat. 26.
Barbuua, W. Ion. 61. lat. i3*
one of the Kritiih Carilbec iHes, fit.
45 m, N. of AntegM, about to m.
long and IX broad. The natives ap-
ply ilu-mfclvcs chiefly to the breed-
ing cattle, and railiit^ ptoviftons for
the ntijiiibounng illindj. It is the
property of .the C>>drin^ton family,
who have great numbers of N( groes
heie as well at in Birbidoos ; and
iuivv givcJi bi|ic bcttcfa(tiujik co have
B A
B A
them inftruAed in the Chriftian re-
Jigion. America.
Bakca, is fit. on the S. coafl of
the Mediterranean, between Tripoli
and Egypt j a barren defart for the
mofl part. Here was the ancient
Cyrene, and the temple of Jupiter
Hammon. Africa.
Bakcelona> £. Ion. 2. lat. 41.
20. the capital of Catalonia in Spain,
fit. in a large plain along the more
of the Mediterranean, 300 m. £. of
Madrid, 140 m. E. of Saragofla, and
s8o m. N. E. of Valencia. The
city is of an oblong form, and con-
tains about 15,000 houfes, defended
by the fort of Montjoy, which flands
on a rocky mountain near a m. to
the W. of it, by its own walls on
the N. and £. and by the fea on the
S. there being a mole running out
iiit3 the fea, which fecures fmail
veiFels ; but the larger fhips lie in the
road expofed to Aorms. It is divided
into the new and old town, feparated
from each other by a wall and ditch,
the old town inclofing the new.
There are fcvcral beautiful Hrccts
and fquares, and it enjoys a good fo-
reign trade. It is the feat of the vice-
roy of the pr. a bi(h. and univ. The
French poUeiling themfelves of this
city, and the reft of the Spaoifii mo-
narchy, anno 1700. K.Charles, the
late Emperor, and the earl of i'ctcr-
borough, took it with a very fmall
force, 4 Od. 1705, and Philip the
late K. of Spain laying fiege to it the
next year, it was relieved by the earl
of Firterborough and admiral Leake,
the French and Spaniards ntiriog
precipitately into France, and leaving
all their catinon, ammunition, tents,
kag^age, and wounded men behind
thi'ni ; and the city remained in the
poflcllion of K. Charlefi tjU the year
1711, when the citizens erecting a
kind of commonwealth, fet up for an
indepcnd -nt ttate v bur it was d'duced
tcj till' < ' 'li^nce
K. ni Sj-aiu, ny
the yei. 17 14.
Bircclona u vcr.
ot t'liihp, the late
the D. of Brrwic in
i'he country about
le^f.iat ai)vj fruit-
bj( firings aui
rivulets, and thick fet with villages.
They have manufadures both of
filk and woollen, and excel in thofe
of iron and fteel. They make good
wine alfo, which they export in large
quantities.
Barceionetta,£. ion. 6, 40*
lat. 44. 35. the capital of the valley
of Barcelonetta in Piedmont in Italy,
on the frontiers of Dauphine ia
France, zo m. S. E, of Embrun, and
50 m. N. of Nice, now fub. to France j
to which crown it was yielded by the
treaty of Utrecht, anno 1713,
Barcelor, or Basselor, E.
Ion. 74. 15. lat. 13. 30. a port
town on the coaft of Malabar in the
Eaft- Indies, a Dutch faftory, fit.
130 n. S. of Goa,
Barcelos, £. Ion. 9. 15. lat.
41. 20. a town of the pr. of Entre
Minho Duero in Portugal, fit. i% m,
W. of Braga, and 30 m. N. of
Porto.
Bardewick, E.Jon. 10, 6. lat,
53, 40. a town of Germany in t*je
tir. of lower Saxony, and D. of Lu-
nenburg, fit. on the river Ilmenuu,
7 m. N, of the city of Lunenburg^
I'ub. to the Elcilor of Hanover.
Bardt, E. Ion. 13. 20. lat. 54^
20. a port town of Pomerania m
Germany, fit. on the Baltic fra, iS
m. VV. of Stral;und, and 30 N. E,
of Ruftock, fub. to bweden.
Bareith Margrav.ue, lit. In the
E. divifion of the cir. of Frauconia,
fub. tu the margrave, who is a btamh
of the Brandenbur^ii family, from
thence Ibled ! randenburgh BareUli.
Barfleuh cape, W. Ion. I. 15,
lat. 49. 47. fit. 12 m. E. of Chtrburg.
Here part tf the royal navy of France
was dtltioy'd, the day after the vio
h>ry obtained by the confederate fleet
commanded by admiral Rufle!, ant.o
1692. Baifleur was anciently one ni
the beft port towns of France j but
th? harbour being chuak'd up with
land, it is now in ruin^.
Barkhamstead, W. loB. 40.
min. lar. 51. 40. a market-town on
the W. tide of Herttordftue, il> m.
W. o£ U«iU"wd, o in.. W. of .St.
Aiba»'»^
Al
do|
5»1
Tl
doj
40]
fni
»5
of
in
lior]
B A
B A
in the
iconu>
tamh
frota
citlj.
burg.
ranee
I" vi«>
flcet
anno
nc at'
but
with
A1ban'«, and 25 m, N.W. of Lon-
don.
Barking, £. Ion. S. min. lat.
51. 30. a fifliing town on the
Thames in Eirex, 8 m. E. of Lon-
don.
Barki.ey,W. Ion. a. 35.1at. 51.
40. a market town in Glouceficr-
fhire, ICO m. W. of Londou, and
15 S.W. of Gloucerter.
Bark WAY, under the meridian
of London, lat. 52. a market town
in Heitfordfliire, 36 m. N. of Lon-
don, and 15 S. of Cambridge, fcarce
any market at prefent.
Barlfduc, £. ion. 5. 15. lat*
48. 40. the capital of the D. of
Bar in Lorrain, fit. 60 m. S. £. of
Rheims, and 35 m. W. of Nancy,
formerly fub. to Lorrain^ but now
to France.
Barlemont, £. Ion. 3. 40.
lat. 50. 10. a town of Hainalt in
the French Netherlands, fit. on the
river Sambre, 15 m. S. of Mons,
and 9 m. S.W. of Maubeugr. •
Bari.xtta, E. Ion. 17. lat< 41.
a port town in the ter. of Barri in
Naples, fit. on the gulph of Venice,
3,2 m. W. of Birri, and 30 m. S.E.
of Manfredonia, in the S. part of
Italy.
Barlovento ISLES. See Ca-
HIBDSE ISLANDS.
Barnard castle, W. Ion. 1.
3. lat. 54. 26. a town of the county
of Duiham, fit. on the river Tees,
a6 m. S.W. of Durham city.
Barnet, W. Ion. 10. min. la*-.
51, 42. a market town of Midole-
ftx, (part in HcrtfordHiire) 10 m*
N.W. of London.
Bar NM able, W. Ion, 4. lo.
lat. 51. 15. a port town of jjcvon-
fh'rc, fit. on the river T.iu, 7,0 w..
N. of lixctcr, atul 200 m. W. of
London, a lar^c borough that fends
two members to parliament.
Barochk, E. Ion. 72. <;. l')t. 22.
15. a port town of the hither InJu
in Alia, in the pi. of Cambaya, fit,
60 m. N. of Surat.
Barrkaux ro»T,£. Ion. ^. 30.
Ut, 45. a fortrefs of Savoy, having
Montmelian on the N. and Crcnoble-^
on tlie S.
Barri, E. Ion. 17. 40. ht, 40.
40. the capital of the tcr. of Barri in
Naples, fit. on the gulph of Vcjiice,
120 m. £. uf Naples, and 8 j m.
N.W. of Otranto.
Bar sur Aube, £. Ion. 4. 40.
lat. 4S. 15. a city of Champaign itt
France, fit. at the foot of a hill oa.
the river Aube, 26 m. £. of TroytSj,
and 60 S.W. of Nancy. Thii town
is taken notice of for its exccllcr.t
Champaign wine.
Bar sur SeyNe, E. Icn. 4.
22. lat. 4.7. 50. a town cf Burg;in-
dy, fit. on the river Seyne, 20 w.
S.E. of Troyes, and 90 m. S.E. of
Paris, near the confines of Cham-
paign. ,^ ■ : ..,
Bartholomew iHe, W. Ion,
62. 5. lat. 18. 6. one of the Carib-
bee iilands, fit. in the Atlantic ocean,
20 m. N. of St. Chriflophet*s, fub.
to France.
Barton, W. Ion. 15. mia. lat.
(3. 40. a market-town in Lincoln*
mire, fit. on the Hiouthern fliore of
the Humber, 35 m. N. of Lincoln,
30 m. S. E. of York, and 140 m*
N. of London, from whence ther«
is a h(>rre-ferry over to Hull io
Yorkfhire.
Basil, E. Ion. 7. 40. lat. 47,
40. the capital of the can. of Bafil
iii Switzcrlind, fit. ie?.r the confine!
of Alfacc, on bcrh fides the river
Rhine, 54 m. S. of Stra(burg, and
40 m. N. of Bern, a larf^e popui )ut
city and univ. The art of making
paper is faid to have befn fiift ufed
here. Holben the celebrated painter,
w.TS a .native of this city, ihe town
is fortified, beirg a frontier againft
France and Gcimary ; and the in-
hab tai.ts are ProtetUntfi. Baiil hiHi.
is Alb. to Its bifliop, ind mdependi rit
botii of the city and canton of tiut
name.
BAbiLiCATE, a tcr. of Nipics
in Italy, having the Terra dc Djrri
on the N. and Calabria on the S.
BASiMn^>TOKi, W. Ion. i. 15.
lat. 51, 20. a market town in Hamp-
ihire.
^A
B A
A!fe, 50 m, S.W. of London, 16 m.
N. E. of Winchefter.
Basq^ue, or Labour, the
Ibuth'Weft diviHon of the pr. of
Gafcony in France, lying on the
bay of Bifcay and the frontiers of
Spain.
Bass, W. Ion. a, 20. lat. 56. 3.
an inacccflible rock and fort on the
coaft of £. Lothian in Scotland, at
the entrance of the Frith of Forth,
45 m. E. of Edinburgh.
Bass aim, or Bacceim, a port
town of the hither Jndia in Afia, E.
Ion. 7a. 5. lat. 19. 30, fit. in the
pr. of Cambaya, 40 m. N, ot Bom-
bay, fub. to Portugal,
Bassaterre, part of the ifland
of St. Chriftopher's, in pofTeflion of
the Freoch, till yielded to GreatBri-
tain by the peace of Utrecht, anno
1713. America.
BAts:cNY, the fouth-eaft divl-
fion of the pr. of Champaign ia
France.
Bassoka. SreBossoRA.
Bast I A, £. Ion. 9, 40. lat. 4ft.
20« the capital city of the ifland of
Corfica, a good port, f.tj on the Me-
diterranean fea, in the N. B. part
cf the Ifland, 110 vn. S. of Genoa,
and fub, to that republic.
B A s T I L E , a caftle for ftate pri.
foners in Paris.
Bastiment o*s, fome fmall
iflands on the coaft 0.' Darien in
S.America, which lie a little to the
caftward of Porto-Bcllo.
Bastion db France, E. Ion.
8. lat. 36. ^o. a fortrefs in the K.
of Tunis on the coaft of Barbary,
80 m. W. of Tunis city, fub. to
France.
Bastoicnv, E. Ion. 5. 26. lat.
50. a town of the Netherlands in the
pr. of Luxemburg, fit. z8 ri. N.W.
of Luxemburg, fub^. to Audria.
Ba TACALO, E. Ion. 81. lat. 8.
a fort and town on the eaHern coad
of the ifland of Crylon, in India,
160 m. N. E. of Columbo, and loo
ID. S. of Trincumbar. Afia.
Batascck, E. Ion. 19. 45. lat.
46. 30. a town of the Lower Hun*
gary, fit. on the Danube 70 m. S*
of Buda.
Batavia, E. Ion. 106. S. lat,
6. the capital of all the Dutch co-
lonies and fettlements in Indin, a-id
an excellent harbour, fie. on the N.
£. part of the ifland of Java, S. E.
of the ifland of Sumatra, and S.W.
of Borneo. It is a moft beautiful
city, built with white {K)ne, and
canals, planted with ever-greens, run
through their principal ftreets. I'he
inhabitants are a mixture of many
nations, whom the Dutch have re-
moved ^rom other oriental iflands,
and a large colony of the Chinefe ;
many thoufands of whom were late-
ly maiTacred, and their wealth feizM
by the Dutch, who are fo powerful
both in fliips of war and land forces
at Batavia, that they command all
the Indian feas, and put what terms
they pleafe upon the powers of Afii,
whofe countries lie in thofe Teas, and
on the European merchants that
trafHc thither, whieh is evident from
their monopolizing all th^ fine fpices
in the Eafl. Afia.
Bath, E. Ion. lo. 40^ lat. 46.
a town of Hungary, fit. 18 m. E«
of Efleck, and 70 nn N.W. of Bel^
grade.
Bath, W. lea. 2. 30, lat. 5r.
30. a city of SomerfetfBire, fit. oi»
the river Avon, 10 m, E. of Briftol,
and 90 m. W. of London. Th«
town Aands in a bottom, furrounded
by fteep hills, and has of late foma
elegant buildings ere^^ed for the re-
ception of people of qiality, who re«
fort every feafun in great numbers
to the baths ; and they have lately
erected a magnificent hofpital with
the contributions of the nobility and
gentry, for the benefit of the poor
of the K. who come thither to be
cured of their various maladies.
Battel, E. Ion. 35. niin. lat.
50. 55. a v.own of Sullex> 6m.N.
of Haftings, x8 m. E. of Lewes, and
48 S. E. of London. Near this
pl;jce William D. of Normandy ob-
tained a decifive vi^ory over Harold
K. of England, 14 Oil. 1066. and
having
B A
B E
1
Iiaving kiird his rival, wss foon af-
ter ackiiowIedgM K. of England j
whereupon he built a magnificent
abbey near the fortunate field, to
commemorate his fuccefs.
Battenburg, £. Ion. 5. 30.
lit. 51. 45. a town of Dntch Guel-
derland, fit. on the N. ihore of the
river Maes, almoi^Mfpofite to Ra-
vendein, zo m. sTw. of Nimeguent
Bavaria, one of the circles of
the German empire, whofe D. is
always an Eie^or. It is bounded
by Franconia, Saxony, and Bohe«
mia on the N. by Aulhia on the £.
by Tyrol on the S. and by Suabia on
the W.
Bay AY, E. Ion. 3. 40. lat. 50.
25. a httle town of the pr. of Hai.
nalt in the French Netherlands, fit.
iz m. S.W. of Mons, and 10 m. B.
of Valenciennes, and about 3 S.W.
of Malplaquet ; whither the French
retired, after that terrible battle
fought anno 1709, wherein more
mtn were kili'd than in any battle
during the laft war ; the whole
force almod of the confederates and
the French being engaged that day,
the firft commanded by the D. of
Marlborough and P. Eugene of Sa-
voy, and the latter by the marHuls
Villars and BoufHers.
Bauce, under the fame meri-
dian with London, lat. 47. 30. a
little town in the pr. of Anjou in
France, zo m. £. of Angers, and 35
m. W. of Tours.
Bautsen, £. Ion. 14. 30. lat.
51. 15. the capital of Lulatia in
Germany, fit. 35 m. N.E. of Dref-
den, and 40 m. £. of Meiflen, Tub.
to the Eledtor of Saxony, now K. of
Poland.
Ba»ya, E. Ion. 19. 50. lat. 46.
40. a town of Hungary, fit. 65 m.
S-E. of Buda, and 45 m. N.W. of
Eifeck.
Bayevx, W. Ion. 50. min. lat*
4.9. 20. a city of Normandy in
France, fit. near the EngiiHi chan-
nel, 15 m. N.W, of Caen, and 70
m. E. of Rouen, a bilh. under the
archb. of Kouen*
BAvaNNK, W. Ion. i. 20. lat.
43. 30. a large city of Gafcony in
France, fit. near the mouth ot the
river Adour, which forms a good
harbour ; and a little below diC-
charges itfelf into the bay of Bifcay,
35 m. N. of Pampeluna, 85 m. S.
of Bourdeaux, and 360 m. S.W. of
Paris, a bifli. fee under the archb. of
Aux. ..' v •
Baza. See Baca.
Bazas, W.lon. 25. min. lat. 44.
zo. the capital of the B:izadois, a pr.
of Guienne in France, fit. 30 m. S.
of Bourdeaux, and 45 m> N.E. of
Dax.
Be ACHY -HE AD, a cape or pro-
montory on the coafl of SuHex, be-
tween Haftings and Shoreham, where
the French fleet defeated the Eng-
liHi and Dutch commanded by Ld.
Torrington, 30 June 1690.
BxAcoNsriEtD, W. Ion. 30.
min. lat. 51. 30. a market town of
Bucks, 22 m. W. of London.
BCARALSTON, W. lon. 4. JO.
lat. 50. 35. a borough town of Ds-
von, fit. on the river Tamar on the
confines of Cornwall, lo m. N. of
Plymouth, and 200 W. from Lon*
don i fends two members to parlia-
ment.
Be ASK, a pr, in the S. of France,
having Gafcony on the N. and the
Pyrenean mountains, which feparate
it from Spain, on the S.
BsAucAiRE, E. Ion. 4. 40. lat.
43. 40. a town of Languedoc, fit.
on the W. (horc of the river Rhone,
7 m. N. of Aries, and 15 m. £. of
Niimes.
Beauce,' the northern divifion
of the pr. of Orleanois in France.
Beaufort, £. lon. 15 min. lat.
47. 30, a town of the U. of Anjuu
in OtJeanois in France, fit. 15 m.
£. of Angers, and 40 m. W. of
Toury.
Beaufort, E. lon. 6. 40. lat.
45. 30. a town of Savoy in July,
fit. 30 m. E. of Chamberry.
Beaucency, £. lon. r. 36*
lat. 47. 48. a town of France in
the pr. ot Oileaoois, fit. on the
fiver
BE
B E
rJrer Loire, 15 m. S. W. of Or-
leans.
Beaujeu, E. Ion. 4. 30. lat.
46. 15. the capital of Beaujolois in
the Lyonois in France, fit. 25 m. N.
"W. of Lyons.
Beaujolis, the ft.uth-eaft dlvi-
fion of the pr. of Lyonois in France.
Beaumaris, W Ion. 4. 15.
lat. 53. 25. a market town of An>
glefey in Wales, Tit. 9 m. N. of
Bangor, and 27 m. W. of St. Afaph,
soo m. N. W. of London ; fends
one mennber to parliament.
Beaumont, E. Ion. 4. 15. lat.
50. ao. a town of Hainait, 17 m.
S. £. of Mons, and iz m. S. W. of
Charleroy. *
BiAUMONT, E. Ion. 5« min.
lat. 48. 20* a town of France, fit.
1 5 m. N. of Mens, and x6 m. S. of
Alen^on.
Beau V IN, E. Ion, 4. 50. lat.
47. a city of Burgundy in France,
fit. 15 m. N. of Chalons, and 20
S. W. of Dijon. ■ , ,
Beau VOIR, W. Ion. 2. lat. 47. a
port town of France, fit. on the fea
coaft of Poiftou, in the pr. of Or-
Icanois, 25 m. S.W. of Nunts.
Beavois, E. Ion. 2. 20. lat.
49. 30. a city of the ifle of France,
capital of the B«ftvois, fit. 43 m.
N. of Paris, and 32 m. S. of Amiens,
the fee of a bi/h.
Becaner, E. Ion. 83. lat. 28.
the capital of the ter, of Becar in
India, fit. on the river Ganges, 200
m. N. E. uf Agra, and 180 m. £.
•fDclIi. Ada.
Behal, W. Ion. I. 20. lat. 54.
20. a market town of Yorkfhire,
8 mr S. of Richmond, and 180 N.
of London.
Bedford, W. Ion. 20. min. lat.
52, 10. the c^. town of Bedfordfliire,
fit. on the river Oule, 44 m. N.W,
of London, and 22 S. £. of Cam«
bridge, fends two members to par-
liament, and gives the title of D. to
the noble family of the Rofiels.
Bedouins are tribes of Arabs,
who live in tents, and are difperfed
all over Ariibia^ ^gyp^ and tfao N, of
Africa, governed by their own chiefs
and their own laws, where they do
not interfere with the laws of the
country where they refide, in the
fame manner the Patriarchs lived m
tents, and were governed anciently.
The chief employment of both, gra.
zing of cattle.
Bedwin, W. Ion. 1.40. lat. 51,
25. a borough town of Wiltfhire,
fit. 72 m. W. of London, and iS
m. N.W. of Salifbury, fends two
members to parliament.
Be FORT, E. Ion. 7. lat, 47. 35,
a town of Alface, fit. on the fron-
tiers of Switzerland, 60 m. S.W. of
Strafburg, and 15 m, N. of Bafii,
fub. to Franci;,
Beja, W. Ion. 8. 40. lat. 37.
55. a city of the pr. of Alej|tejo,
in Portugal, fit. 40 m. S. of Evora,
and 60 m. S.W. of Elvas.
Beichlingen, £. Ion, il. 2;.
lat, 51. CO. a city of Tburingia, in
the cir, of upper Saxony, in Ger-
many, fit. 15 m. N. of Weimar, and
42 m, W. of Leipfic, and is the ca-
pital of the county of that name.
Beila, E. Ion. 7, 45. lat. /}5. a
town of Piedmont, in Italy, fit. -^2 •
m. N. of Turin, and 40 m. N. E.
of Sufa.
BEiLSTEiN,E.lon.8.1at, 50.30,
a town of the Landgravate of HelTc,
in Germany, fit. 52 m.'N. of Ment?:,
and 10 m. S. of Dillenburg.
Be IRA, a pr. of Portugal, hav-
ing Entre-Minho Duero on the N",
and Eftremadura, on the S.
Belac, E. Ion. I. 15. lat. 46.
15. a fmall city of la Marche, a
ter. of Lyonnois, in France, fit. on
the river Gartemp, 1,3 m. N.E. of
Limoges, 46 m. S. E. of Poiditrs
and 160 m. S. of Paris.
Belcastro, E. Ion. 17. 15.
lat, 39. 15. a city 0^ Calabria, in
Naples, tiie molt fouthcrly part of
I'caly, fit. near the gulph of Qnillac,
85 m. N.C. of Rcgeio, and 5 in. S.
of i\. Severino.
iIelcoe, W. Ion. 8. 6, lit. t4. a
town of Ireland, in the co. of Fai ma-
nagh aod pr, of Ulfter, fit, on Lough
NiJly,
B E
B E
hav-
theN.
[t. 46.
:he, a
fit. on
E. of
15-
f^ia, in
irt of
luillae,
Tin. S.
14. a
latina*
iNiDy,
Nilly, 18 m. S. E, of Ballyflian- moliflicd in purfuance of that treatj',
uon. ^""^ now the Turks remain poflelsM
Belem, W. Ion. 9. 40. lat. 38. of Belgrade, the entire pr. of Scrvia,
40. a fortrefs on the N. fide of the and ail the country S. of the Da-
river Tagus, 3 m, W. of Lifbon, in nubc and the Save, from the Black-
Portugal, iea on the E. to the river Unna,
Belezero, E. Ion. 36. lat. 60. which divides the pr. of Bofnia in
30. the capital of the pr. of Bcle- the W.
zero, in Ruflia, fit. on the S.E. Bell glare, W. Ion. 9. 5. lat,
(hore of the White-Lake, 150 m. 53. 55. a town of Ireland, in the co.
E. of Peterfburg, and inp N.E. of of Sligo, and pr. of Connaught, fir,
Novogorod. 23 m. S.W. of Sligo.
Belfast,W. Ion. 6. 15. lat. 54. Bellt:, E. Ion. 2. 40. lat. 50.
g8, a port town of Ireland, fit. on
Carick.ergiis bay, in the county of
Antrim, and pr. of Ulfter, 9 m. S,
W. of Carickteif
45. a town in French Flanders, fir.
9 m. S.V/. of Ypies, and iz m,
N. E. of Lille.
Bellents, E. Ion., 9. lat. 46,
Belgarden, £. Ion. 16. 5. lat, a city of Switzerland, fit. ne.ir the
54. a town of eaftern Pometania, in N, end of the lake Lugano, on the
Germany, fit. 55 m. N.E. of Stetin,
and 18 m. £. of Triptow, fub, to
Pruilia.
Belgorod, E. Ion. 37. lat. 5 1.20.
the capital of the pr. o\' Btlgorod, fit.
almoft in the midft of Ruflia, upon
the river Donets, 130 m. S.W, of
Woronets, and 220 m. E. of Kiof,
confines of the ter. of the Grifons,
fub. to the Switzcrs.
Bf.[.lesm, E. Ion. 40 min. lat,
4S. 30. a town of Perche, in the
pr. of Orkanois, in France, fit. So
m. W. of Paris, and 27 m. S. E»
of Alepjon,
liELi.EY, E. Ion. 5. ?.o. lat. 45.
Belgorot>, E. Ion. 31. lat. 46. 40. the capital of Bugey, in the pr.
30. a fortified town of Bcflarabia,
in Turky, fit. on the Black-fea, at
the mouth of the river Niefter, 300
m. N. of Conftantinopic, and So m.
S. E. of Dcnder.
Belgrade, E. Ion. 21. 10.
lat. 45. the capital city of the pr.
of Scivia, in Turky, fit. en the S.
fide on the river l/jnube, at its con-
fluence with the river Save, 340 m.
S. E. of Vienna, 300 m. S. E. of
of Burgundy, in France, fit. on the
frontiers of Savoy, 16 m. N.W, of
Ch.imherry, and 3"^ m. E. of Lyons,
Belleville, E. Ion. 4. 4^.
lat. 46. 8. a town of France j in the
ter. of Beaujolis, and pr. of Lionois,
fit. 19 m. N. of Liens.
Bel lisle, W. Ion. 58. lat. 52.
an illand fit, near the eaftern coad of
New-Britain, or Efkimaux, and givts
its name to the flraits of BelliOe,
Prefljurg, 60 m. S. of Temefwaer, which fep.nratc the N. of Newfound
and 450 m. N.W. of Conftantino- land from New-Hritain. Amcr.
pie. This was lately a l;irge bcauti- Beei.isle, W. Ion. 3. lat. 47.
ful city, ftrongly fortified, and de- 20, an illand near the S. coaft uf
fended by one of the ftroiigell caflies Britany, in Fiance.
in Europe, and inhabited by Chrlft- Belluno, E. Ion. 12. 40. lat.
ians. It has bren often taken and 46. 20. capital of the Belluncre, ;n
letaken, but was taken the lafl time the ter. of Venice, in Italy, 40 m.
by the Chriftians, commanded by N, of Padua, and 40 m. N.W. of
Prince Eugene of Savoy, on the lid Aquileia.
of Auguft, 1717; and the Auftriaus Beltvrbet, W. Ion. 7, 35
remained in pollefiion of it till the
year 1739, when, by French me-
diation it was yielded to the Turks,
but the fine fortifications entirely de*
lat. 54. 7. a town of IicianJ, in
the CO, of Cavan, and pr. of I'l-
fter, fit. on the r.vcr iiarn, 2 m. N.
of (Javan.
S BCLTZ,
B E
B £
Beltz, E. Ion. 24. lat. 50. 5.
cnpiul o( the pal. of Beltz, in the
pr. of Red-RulTia, in Poland, 35
m. N, of Lemberg, and 150 E. of
Cracow.
Belvidere, E. Ion. 22. lat. 37,
the cap. of the pr. of Belvidere, on
the W. coaft of the Morea, near
cape Tornefc, from whence we im-
port the raifins called Belvideics ;
now fub. to the Turks.
Bember, a chain of mountains
which divides India from Tartary,
Bemster, W. Ion. 2. 50. lat.
50. 45, a market town of Uorfet-
fliirc, (ir. 12 m. N.W. of Doichef-
ter, and 120 W. of LonJon.
Ben AVAR RE, or Hfnhuarr'j
Ion. 10 m;n. lat. 42. 5. a town of
Arragon, in Sp.>in, fit. 26 m. N.
of Balaguer, and 65 m. N. E. of
Saragofla.
Bengalis. SeeBANCALis.
Bencoolen, E. Ion. 101. S,
lat. 4. a fort and town belonging ta
the Englifli, on the S.W. coaft of
Sumatra, from whence they import
great quant ties of pepper, the giowth
of the adjacent country. It is a
very unhealthful place, which indu-
ced the E. India company to build a
fort, 2 or 3 m. further, on an emi-
nence, in a more healthful foil, to
which tht-y gave the name of fort
Marlborought Afia, The governors
fint hither, being frequently men
of little expfcrience, have fo provoked
the natives, that there hive been
fcveral attempts to drive them from
thence; and in the year 17/9, the
town and fort were fet on fire, great
part of the garrifon maflacred, and
the faflors expelled j but matters
were foon aft;r accommodated, and
they were permitted to return a-
gain and carry on their trade 9s
iormcrly.
Bender, E. Ion. 29. lat. 46.
40. a town of IJeiTar.ibia, in Euro-
pean Tuiky, fit. on the river Ncirt-
er, ICO m. ^J.W. of Belgorod, and
180 m. S.E. 0/ Kamini-c. Hither
ChuiletXJI. K. of Sweden, made his
<eueat after his defeat by the RuHi*
ans at Pultowa, anno 1709 ; and
here he was fubfifted feveral years
by the Turks, when refufing to quit
their ter. he was attacked by them,
and being made prifoner, carried to
the neighbourhood of Adrianople,
where he remained another year, and
then returned to his own dominions.
BENDiTToSt. E. Ion. H. 20.
lat. 45. a tovfh of Mantua, in Italy,
fit. near the S. /hore of the river Po,
12 m. S. E. of Mjntua, and Z4 m.
N.W. of MirandoJa,
Benevente, W. Ion. 6. lat.
42. 10. a town of the pr. of Leon,
in Spain, fit. on the rivet Efta, 40
m. S, of the city of Leon, and 43
m. N.E. of Braganzi.
Benevento, E. Ion. 15. 30,
Jat. 4». 15. the capital of the Prin-
cipaie ult. in N.iples, fit. at the con-
fluence of the rivers Solato and Co-
lore, which here form the river
Volturno, 130 m. S. E. of Rome,
and 34 N. E. of Naples j an archb.
fub. to the Pope, who is fovcreign
of this city. I^ was moft of it over-
turned by an earthquake, anno 16SS,
and thp archb, the late Pope Bene-
cli£l XIII. dug out of the ruins dlive^,
who, when he was advanced to the
Papal chair, rebuilt this city.
BENFiELn, E. Ion. 7. ■^o. lat. 48.
25. a town of Germany, in the Ian.
of Alface, fit. 15 m. S, of Strafburg.'
Bengal, the moft cafterly pr
I
of the Mogul's dominions, in Indi^j
lies upon the mouth of the Ganges,
and is bounded by the provinces of
Patna and Jefuat on the N. the
kingdoms of Atracan and Tipra on
the E. the bay of Bengal and the pr.
of Orixa on the S. and by the pr. of
Narvar and M-lva on the W. ex-
tending near 400 m. in length from
E. to W. and 300 in breadth from
N. to S. and is one of the richeft and
mod fruitful provinces in India, be-
ing annualy overflowed by the river
Ganges, as Egypt is by the Nilc.Afia.
Benguela, E. ion. 14. S. lat.
II. the capital of the ter. of Bengue-
1a, in Angola, on the W. coaft of
Africa, fit. at the mouth of a rivor
of
B E
B E
of the fame name, 300 m. N. of
cape Negro, and 120 m. S. of the
iiljnd of Loando.
Benin, £. Ion. 5^ lat. 7. 30.
the capital of the ter. of the fame
name, on the Guiney coaft, in A-
frica, fit. on the river Furmoia, 120
m. N.E. of Whidah, whither the
Europeans refoit for Negro (laves.
Bensheim, E. Jon. S. 30. lat.
49. 40. fit. in the Pal. of the Rhine,
on the E. fiJe of the river Rhine,
10 m. E. of Worms, fub. to the
elector of Mentz.
Bentheim, E. Ion. 7. lat. 52,
25. capital of the co. of Bentheim,
in the cir. of Weftphalia, in Ger-
many, fit. 25 m. N. of Munftcr,
and 70 m. S. of Emldcn, fub. to
the earl of Bentheim.
Bentivoclio, E. Ion. 12. lat.
44, 30. a town in the ter. of Bo-
logna, in Italy, fit. 10 m, N. of
Bologna, and 16 m. S. of Fcrrara.
Bkrar, a pr. of India, fit, in the
middle of it bctwocn Candifh and
Orixa, fub. to the Mogul.
Berenice, a port town of E-
gypt, anciently fit. at the bottom of
the gulph called the Red-fea, where
Suez now fitands. See Suez.
Bere-regis, W.lon. 2. 20. lat.
50. 40. a market town in Doriet-
/hire, fit, 10 m, N.E. of Dorchefter,
and 100 m. S.W. of London.
Berg St. Winox. See Win-
NOXBURG.
Berg duchy, fit. in Weflphalia,
in Germany, on the E. fliore of the
river Rhine, which feparatcs it from
the eleftorate of Cologne, fub, to
the Ele£tor Palatine.
Bergamo, £. Ion. 10. lat. 45.
40. capital of the Bergamafto, in
the ter. of Venice, in Italy, fit. 25
m. N.E. of Milan, and 20 m« N.W.
of Brefcia.
Bergbn, E. Ion. 6. ht. 60.
capital of the pr. ©f Bergen, in
Norway, and a confiderable port
town on the German ocean, fit.
200 m. N.W. of Gottcnbnrgh, and
340 m. N.W. of Cofcnhagco, fub.
to Deiimark*
Bergen, E. Ion. 14. lat. 54,
15. capital of the ifie of Ruecn, < n
the coaft of Pomcrania, in Germany,
fub. to Sweden.
BeB GEN-OP-ZOME, E. loH. 4.
5. ht. ^i. 30. a fortified t(n\n cl'
Dutch Brabant, fit. near the eafieir,'
fhore of the river Schcld, 20 m. W.
of Breda, and 20 m. N. ot Ant-
werp.
Bergerack, E. Ion. 20 min,
Jat. 44. 55. a city of Perigott i.i
the pr. of Gaicnne, in France, fir.
on th'j river Dordonne, 40 m. K.
of Bnurdeaux, and 20 m. S. oi' Pe>
riguex.
Bergzabern, E. Ion. 8. hr.
49, 5. a town of the lower Allate,
in Germany, fit. 5 m. S. of Lan-
dau, fub. to France. r.
Bkrkshire, an Engli/h co. on
The S. fide of the Thames, oppofite to
Oxfordfljire and Bucks, from whence
a branch of the nob'c family of the
Howards take the title of earl.
Berlin, E. Ion. 14. bt. 52,
3c. the capital of the K. of Prufiia's
oominions in Germany, fit. on the
river Spree, in the mar. of Branden-
burg, 90 m. N. of Drefden, and 50
m. W. of Frantkfort, upon Oder.
A city that has been exceedingly
improved by the late K, of Pruflia
in its trade and buildings, and canals
are cut from the river Spue to the
Oder on the E. and from thence to
the Elbe on the W. It has a com-
munication by water, both with rl:c
Baltic -Tea and the German ocean.
Bermuda iflands, W. Ion. 65,
lat. 32. 30. fit. in the Atlantic
oce.n 500 m. E. of Charles town
in Carolina. They are a diiftcr cf
very fmall illnnds, lying in a little
compafs, almuft in form of a fhtp-
herd*s hook, and containing ^b. ut
twenty- thoufand acres of groun;i,
fiirrounded in a manner with rocks,
which render them inacccffible to
Grangers. They enjoy a pure and
temperate air, and have plenty of
flpfli, fifh, fowl, and garden -iUifr".
The natives are ufually employed in
joiner's work, building of lioups,
£ % ii.akin^
B E
B £
making hats of palm Jcivcs, raifing
coin aii>i other proviGons, which
they vend in the W. Indies. . They
Were dilcovered by one Bermuda, a
Spaniard, anno 1522} but Sir Geo.
Summers being caft away upon them,
anno 1609, found them deferted,
and the EngtiHi have been in pof-
ItfTion of them ever fince. Here
Dean Berkley, afterwards bifhop of
Clpyne in Ireland, intended tp^have
founded a univ. for the education of
Indians, but the captain of the fliip
miftoolc his way, and carried him to
New England, . wliich fruftrated the
defign.
Bern, E. Ion. 7. 20, Jar. 47.
the capital of tiic canton of Bern,
in Switzerland, fit. on. the rivei- /kar,
40 m. S. of Bafjl, anJd 65 m. N, L,
of Geneva. T^iis. canton is much
the moft extenlive and powerful .of
all Switzerland. Their puvernnrirnt
is ariftocratical, and tj^.eir reJigioB
Proteltnnt, of the Olviqift^pr PrftCf
hyterian feCl. ■- r t-l -
B E R K . S ie S W I T Z E R L A ?C D.
pERN, E. Ion- 14. lat.^QT a
town of nohc"ni'.j,,-rit. 15 m, \V.,,-of
Prague, fub. to the houf* of A'jftria,
Hernburg, E. Ion. 12. 20.
lat. 51. 50. a town of Anhalt;, in
the cir. of Upper Saxony, in Gcr-
nviny, fit. 20 m. N. E. of. iManf-
ficld, aiid 40. m. W. of Wktea-
tiirt.
Bti^vRY, a ter. of Orleanois, in
J lie middle of France, having 'I'ou-
rain on the W. and Nivornois on
tiie E,
Berry. POINT, a cape at the
entrance of Torbay, in Devon.
Bersello, cr Bicfello, E. Ion.
jr. Lit. 44. 40. A town in the ter,
of Regio, in the MoJenefe, in
Italy, lit. on the Po, 14 m. N.E.
of Parma, and zz m. N. W. of
Modena, fub. to the D. of Mo-
dena.
Bertrand St. E. Ion. 30 m.
l3r.43. 15. a city of the pr. of Gaf-
ony, in France, fit. on the river
(ijronne, 45 m. S.W. of Touloufe,
and 35 m. S. of Augh.
Bervv, W, Ion. 2. 5. lar. 56.
40. a fea port town and parliament
town of Scotland, in the county of
Merns, fit. 22 m. S.W. of Aber-
deen.
Berwick, W. Jon. 1. 40. bt.
55. 40. a borough town on the hol-
ders of England and Scotland, ufu-
ally .placed in -the co. of Northum-
berland, lit. on the river Tweed, 5a
m, N. W. of, Newcaftle, 60 ni.
N.E. of Carlifle, and 300 m. N. of
London j fends two members to par.*
hament.
Berwick North, a town of Scot-
land, in the co. 0/ Lothian, fit. on
the fea coail at the entrance of the
^rith of Forth, 17 m. E. of Edin-
^rgh, W. |pn, z. zy, Jat. 56. 5.
Resanjon, E. Ion. 6. lat. 47.
20. tl^e capital of Franche Compte in
France, fit. on the river Doux, 5$
m. N. of: Geneva, 52 m. N.E. of
Chirlons, and 160 m. S.E, of Paris,
^^r*; arc the ruins of an amphithea*
tre, itod ^Otne other Roman antiqui-
ti^.
,B£S)ers, !E. Ion. 3. lat. 43.
f5..a city of lower Languedcc, in
France, fit. on a hill near the river
Oibe;and the royal canal, 2 m. N,
of the Mf^diterranean, and 15 m.
N. E, of Narbonne, and is the fee
ot a bi/h.
Bessarabia, a pr. of Turky,
in Europe, that lies on the mouths
of the river Danul)...
Bestricia, E. lop. 22. lat.
48. a city of Tianfilvania, 85 m.
N.W. of Hermandadt, and 90 m.
E. of Tockay, moil remarkable for
the gold mines near it.
Betancos, W. Ion, 8. 50, lat.
43. 15. a city of Galicii, in Spain,
Cn. on a bay of the fea, 35 m. N,
E. of Compofklla, and 20 m. S, of
Ferro],
Bethlehem, E. loni 36. lat.
31. 30. once a fiourifhing city »>f
Palcrtinc, in Ali.>, fir. about 6 m.
S. of Jtrufalem, now a poor village,
but flill much refortcd to, having
been the place of our Saviour's birth.
Here is a chapel culled the chapel of
the
B £
6 I
15 m.
the fee
tTic nativity, where they (hew the
manger Chrift was laid in ; and here
is the chapel of St. Jofeph, the fup-
}wfed father of our Lord, and ano-
ther of the holy Innocents ; and the
Francifcans have ilili a monaftery
here.
BETHiEHr.M, W. Ion. 4. 35.
lat. 51.2. a town of the Nether-
lands in the pr. of Biabant, fit.
2 m. N. of Louvain,. fub. to Au-
Arifl.
Bethunr, E. Ion. 2, 3<;, lat.
50. 3a. a little fortified town of
Artois, in the Frer.ch Netherlands,
13 m, N. of Arrat, lad 17 m. N.
"W. of Douay.
BiTis, the ancient name of the
river Gwaddquivir, in Spain, from
whence the country about it, now
Andalufii, was anciently called Be*
tica.
Betlis, E. Ion. 45. lat. 37. 30.
a city in the N. of Cuidiitan, or
Allytia, fit. on a ftecp rock, near
the S. end of the lake Van, ou the
frentiers of Ferfia and Turkv . faid
to be fub. to its own Bey or Wiince j
and a fandluary for the fubjedts of
the neighbouring powers.
B E T u E, or Bt taw, a ter. in Dutch
Guelderland, brtwecn the rivers Maes
and Lech, fuppofed to be the ancient
Batavia.
Bevecum, E. Ion. 4. 45. lat.
50. 4 s. a to An of the A\il\r\zn Ne-
therlands, in the pr. of Brabant, fit,
7 m. S. of Louvain.
n E v F. ' AND, N. and S. two
iiljnds fit. in the pr. cf Zealand,
in the Unitfd Nt-therlands, b?;tween
the eaftern and vveflern branches of
tJie river Scheld.
Beverley, W. Ion. 12. min.
lat. ^3. CO. a boroutih town in
Yorkihire, fit. 7 m. N'. of Hull,
and 30 in. E. of York, and 150 N*
fcf London, one of the lintft towns
in the county j fends two nietTibers
to parliament.
BEwni.»Y, W. Ion. 2.20. lat;
5a. 25,. a borough town of Worcef-
ter/hire,. fit. en the river Severn, 12
ra, N, of Woiufter, i8 ni, E,
of Ludlow, and 200 m. N.W. of
London j fends one member to par-
liament. ' ' ' ' ,
BiBERSKERC, £. Ion. 17. 30.
lat. 48. 35. a town of Upper Hun-
gary, fit. 15 m. N. of Prefturg.
BiBRACH, E. Ion. 9. 30. lat. 48,
12. a city of Suabia, in Germany,
fit. 20 m. S.W. of Ulm, and 42 m.
S, E. of Tubingen, at which there
are hot baths. An imperial city^
fub. to its own magiflrates.
BiEL, the capital of a fmnll ter,
in Switzerland, not fubjeft to th«
Switzers, but one of their allies,. fif.
in 7 dcp. of E. Ion. and 47 of N. Iat»
15 ni. N.W, of the city of Bern.
BiEL?fCT, or Bihela, E. Ion, 3?,
Kit. 56. 40 fit. in the pr. of Sw.o-
le!(rt?o, in Ruflja, So m. N. E. of
the city of Smoleniko, and ^70 xr.
N.W. of Molcow.
BiCLSKi, E. Ion. 04. lat, 5^,
capital of the ter. of Biclflti, in vh^
pr, of Polachia, in Poland, fit. iic
m. N". E. of Warfaw, and 62 w. S.
of Grodno.
Bi ERVi iiT, a fortrefs of Dntcn
Flandcr;, where WiJliam Bruckfifld
lived, who taught the Dutch to pickle
herrings.
Biggleswade, W. Ion. 20
min; lat. 52. 5. a rriarkiit town in
Bedfordfhire, lit. on the river Ivtl,
8 m, S. F. of Bedford; and 41 m,
N. of London, ono of the greatel
maikfts for barley in Enplnnv-!.
Bir.oRRE, the f)uth divificn of
the pr. of Gafcony, in France.
BiLBOA, W. lon< 3. lar. 4.3. 3c.
the cap, .of the pr. of Rifcay, in Spain.. '
fit. at the mouth of the river Ibai'"'.-
bal, which a little below fallis into a
bay of the fca, and forms ^ good iiar-
bour. It ftamls 66 m. N.'fi. of Bur-
pcs, 60 m. W. of St. S.'b iiHan's, an.i
about 200 m. N. E. of Madrid ; 1
large trading town, their principal ex-
poitations wool, fword blades, and
othet mariufacture? oi iron and {[c'Al
hiLDKSTON, F. Ion. 40"^ mi.:,
Ir.r. 52. 20. a market town in Suf.
folk, 60 m. N, of Landwj, ic di.
S. E. of Bury,
E 3 BuiT'
B 1
B I
BiLCDVLGEItJD, 01 6 of the di>
vlHons of Africa, ha ii g Bjrbary on
the N. and Zaara, or the Uci'art, on
tl»e S,
" BiLEVELT, E. Ion. 8. IC i V
52. a town of Germany, in the w
of Wtrflphalia, and co. ot Ravemburg,
£t. 7 in. S. £. of Ravenfburg, i'ub.
to the K of PruHTia.
BiLLERicA, £. Ion. 20 min.
)att 51. ^5. a market town of EtTcx,
io m. £. of London, and 9 3. of
Chelmsford.
BiLLINGHAM, W. lon. I. ^O.
lat» 55. 20. a maiket town of Kor*
thumberland, 250 m. N. of London,
AS m. N.W. of Newcaftlc.
Billon, E. lon. 3. 25. lat. 45.
40. a town of lower Auvcrgne, in
LvonoLs, in Fiancej, fit. 10 ni. S. E.
«t Clermont.
^ BiLSDCN, W. lon. 50 min. lat.
52. 40. a market town of Leicuiit;r-
£hiic, 80 m, N. of I*ondon, 7 m.
a, E. of Leiteflcr^ ,
BiLSEN, £. lon, 5. 30. lat. 51.
A town of Liege, in Geimanyj, (it.
on the river Demcr, 6 m. W,. of
Maeftiicht, Here the confederate
army had their rendezvous, when
the I), of Marlborough march'd to
tittdck the French, and obtained the
nidtory of Rameilles, May 1706. It
is iub. to the houfe of Aurtria.
liiMLlPAT AN, E. lon. 83.^ lat.
l8. a port town of Golconda, in
India, lit. on the W^ fide (i the
b.^y of Benaal. Htic the Dutch E.
Litlia company have a factiry.
liiNliROKt, £. Ion. 6 min. laf.
^-j. 3^. a market town of Lincoln-
ftlie, fir,. J 30 m. N. of London, 25
ni. N. I., of Linculn.
BiNCH, E, lon. 4. 2C. lat, 50.
50. a little fortified town of Hainalt,
»n the Netherlands, JO m. E. of
Mons, and ri in, W. of Char-
itrov.
BiTiGBN, E. Ion. 7. 20. lat. 5c.
a town of the eletftorate ct Mcntz,
fir. on the river Rhine, 16 m. W.
«f Mentz, aiid fubjed>. to that E-
liBdtor. ', .
Bjcjngley, Wi. Ion« b 4Q.. lat,
53,45. a market town in the Wi
Jiding of Yorkfliire, fit. 30 m. W,
of York,
BioRNBURG, £. Ion. 21. lat.
07. & town of Finland, fit. on the
E. £liore of the Bcthnic gulph, 80
m. N. of Abo.
B:r, E. Ion. 40. lat. 35.20. a
city of Diarbeck, or MeTopotamia^
fit. on the river Euphrates, 70 m.
S. E. of Aleppo, znA 220 m. N.W,
of Bagdat.
BiRKENFIELDy E. lon. 6. 40.
lat. 49. 45. the capital of the co.
of Birkenfield, in the pal. of the
Rhine, fit. 40 m. W. of Mentz,
and 20 m. E. of Triers.
Birmingham, W. lon. i* 50*
lat. 52. 30. a large popuh.us town
in Warwickfhire, fit. 16 m. N.W,
of Coventry, and 90 N.W. of Lon-
don, where there is the greateft ircit
maoufadury in England.
Bkrza, E. lon. 25. lat. 56. 35,
a town of IVland, in the pr. of Sa.
tnogitia, 42 m, S. E. of Mittauv
Biscay, the moft N. E. pr. of
Spain, which gives name to the bay
of.Biftay. iji^
Biscay New, a pr. of Mexico ii>
America, in which are the rich filver
mines of St. Barbe j having New^
Mexico on the N» and Florida on
the W. fuba. to Spain.
BiscHWEiLtKR, E. Ion. 7. lat*.
43, 40. a fortrefs in Alfacr, 5 m».
W. of the river Rhine and port
Lewis, in the pofleffion of the
French.
BisKRTA, E. Ion. 9. lat. 37^
a port town of the K. of Tunis, in
Africa, fit. on the coaft of the Me-
diterranean, near the place where
Utita anciently ftood, 40 m..N. of
Tunis, and 240 m. W. of Algiers^
about 30 m. N.W. of tJic ruins of
Ca:th;ge.
Bisrtop's-CASTLE, W». Ion. 3..
lat, 52. 30. a borough town in Shrop-
Hiiic, fit. on the river Ony, 15 m.
S.W. of ShrewfHury, and 140 m,
N.W. of London..
BlSHD? AND HI'S CIBRKS^,
fojxie litUc iUaiids ood rocks on ths
:t
'B L
B L
le Me>
where
.N. of
klgiers»
tins of
15 m.
tRKS».
foaft of Pembrokefliire, ntar St.
Pavid^s, fatal to mariners.
Bishop's-Stortford, E. Ion.
ao min. lat. 51. 50. a market town
in Hertfordfhite, 30 m. N. of London,
and 10 m. N. E. of Hertford.'
Bi SIGN AND, £. Ion. 16. 45.
lat. 39. 50. a city in the hither
Calabria in Napies, so m. N. of
Col'enza.
BisNAGAR, E. Ion. 78. lat. 74.
the capital of the pr. of Bifnagar, in
the hither Peninlula of India, fit.
250 m. N. V/. of Maderas, or Fort
St. George, and 240 m. S. £. of Goa,
fub. to the Mogul.
hiTHiNiA was that part of Na-
to'ia, or th« Jelfer Afia, which lay
upon or near the ftraits of Conftan-
tinople, on the Afisn fide, in which
were the towns ot Nice, Chalcedon,
Bur'a or Prufa, and Nicomedia, now
fub. to theTurJcs.
Bii'oNTo, £. Ion. 17. 40. lat.
4.1. 20. a city of the ter. of fiarrl,
in Naples, fit. 8 m. S, W, of Barri,
?.nA 110 m. E. of Nnphs. Here
the Spaniards, gained a decifive vic-
tory over the Auitrinns, anno 1734 j
whereupon the K. of Naples (ub-
tnittcd to Don Cirlos, the ptefent
K. of the two Sicilies j and the
Spanifh General was created D. of
Bitonto.
Blacks ANK, W. Ion. 6, 50.
lat. 54. J 2. a town of Ireland, in
the CO. of Aidmach and pr. of Ui-
iler, fit. 7 ni. ii. of Ardmagh.
Blackwater, a river of Ire-
land, that runs thro' the counties
of Cork and Waierford, and dif-
charges itfelf into Youghall bay.
Blackwater, a river of Ire-
land, that runs tlirough the co. of
Ardmagh, and falls into Lou^h-
Nengh.
Blackbovrn, W. Ion. 2. 20.
lat. 53. 40. a market town of Lan-
cafhire, 180 m, N. of London, and
9 m. E. of PiCllon.
Black forest, fit. in the S.
W. part of tbt cir.. of Suabia, in
Cernrjany, divided from Switzer-
iofld bjr the u%it RJtuoe on the S«.
•ni Is part of the great Hyrilnlah
foreft.
Black -siA, or Euxinc - fei,
which lies between Europe and Afia,
being bounded by Tartary on the N.
by Circaiiia, Min^reJia and Geor-
gia towards the £. by Nitolia or the
LefTer Afia on tlieS. and by Romanii^,
Bulgaria .nd BcfTarabia towards the
W. extending from the 7.9th degree
of E. long, to the 44th, and frvm
the 42d to the 46th degree of N.
lat. entirely furrounded by the
Grand Seignior's dominions, wh'p en-
joys the fcle navigntion of it, but
dijfturbcd fometimes by the excur-
fjons of the CofTocks, who iffue out
ef the mouth of the Boriflhenc<f,
and commit great ravages on the
coafts of Turky. The KiifTians did
attempt to efbablifh a navigatirn on
this fea, but have been obliged hy
late treaties to deliver op all the
fortrcflVs they had ercf^cd on the
coafts of the Euxine, and abandon
this navigation. It is reckoned a
tempeftuous fea by the Turks, from
whfence 'tis faid to have obtained
the name of the Black- fea, and
there are not many good harbours
in it.
Blair of Athol, W. hn. 3. 35.
lat. 56. 46. a caftle of the D. of
Athoi*s, fit. in the co. of Athol in
Scotland, 28 m. N. W. of Perth.
Blamont, E. Ion. 6. 45. lat,
48. 38. a town of Germany, in the
D. of Lorrain, fit. 28 m. S. E. of
Nancy, fub. to France.
Blakco cape, W. Ion. 81. S..
lat. 3. 45. a promontory of Peru,
in S. America, fit. on the coaft of
the Pacific ocean, liO m. S. W. of
Cuiacjuil.
Blanco CAPE, W, Ion. iS. lat..
2C. a cape or promontory of Afric?,
in the Atlantic ocean, fit. 180 m. N,
of Senegal river.
Blanco, W. Ion. 64. lat. 12,.
an if^and of the Lcfler Antilles on
the coaft of Terra FIrma in Ame-
rica, N.- of the ifland of Mar^a-
retta.
JSl.AKI^S'eAD) Wf loA. 2. 2C.
B L
B O
h». 50. 50. a market lown of Dor-
set fhire, fit. 10 m. N. of Pool, and
50 W. of London^
Blanes, £. Ion. 2. 40. lat. 47.
^o. a port town of Catalonia, in
Spa n, fit. 20 m. S. of Gironnf^
fiLAiyjCEKBURG, E. loH. 3. lat/
%x. 20, a town fit. on the coaft of
Dutch Flanders, 8 m. N. £. of Of.
tejif',
Blankzmburc, E. Ion. xi.15.
lat. 51. 50. capital of the co. of
Blankcrburg, in the cir. of Lower
Saxony, in Germany, fit. 45 m.
S. Ek of Wolfembuttfc, and fub. to
the D. of Brunfwic Wolfembuule.
Blaregnies, £. ion. 3. 55.
lat. 50. 30. a town of the Auflrian
Netherlands, fir. in the pr. of Hai-
nalt, 7 m. S. of Mons. Here the
Engliih and their Allies c*>mmand-
(d by the D. of IVlarlborough and
Prince Eugene of Savoy, obtained
a vi£lory over the French, com-
manded by the Mnr/hals Villars and
B uffiers on the 14th of September,
1709 ; the Fiench were encamped
in the woods of Sait and Sanfart,
where they had cut down trees and
thrown up a triple entrenchment
for their defence, and it coft the
allies fcveral thoufond men before
they could drive ihcni from their
entrenchments. The arrwies con-
fiHcd of 120,000 men of each fide,
whereof 20,000 at Itaft were killed,
and tiic Flench made an orderly re-
treat at laft, though their general
Mar^al Villars was wounded and
di!..b!ed in the beginning of the
ad^ion. This battle is fomctimes
cnlk'd tlu: battl-* of Malplaquct,
from another village near the place
of ad\ion.
Bi. Asois, a trr. of Orleanois,. in
Francf, N. of Berry.
Blavet, or fort Lewis, W.
J'^n. 3. lat. 47. 4c. a port town of
Britany, in France, fit. at the mouth
of the river Bb'Ct, one of the lla-
tions for the r(yal navy of France,
fit. 6s n). S, U. of Brcft, and 75 m.
N. W. vf Nant%
JCxAWBUMKN, £. lor.g. 9. 45.
lat. 48. 24. a town of Germanr,
in the cir, of Suabia, fit. 11 m. £.
cf Ulm.
Blaye, W. Ion. 45 min. lat.
45. 7. a furtrefs of the K, of France^
and pr. of Guienne, fit. on the river
Oaronne, zt m. N. of Bourdeaux,
to defend the paffage of he river
that 00 fliips may go up to or return
from Bourdeaux without permifiion.
BiECHiNGLY, W, Ion. 20 min,
lat. 51. zo. a borough town cf
Surrey, 20 m. S. of London, and
26 m. £. of Guildford,
Bleking, the moft S. £. pr. of
Sweden, having the Baltic fca 0.1
the S. Smaiand on the N. and t'lC
pr. of Schonen on the W.
Blenheim, E. Ion. 10. 25.
lat. 48. 40. a village of Suabia, in
Germany, fit. on the W. fide of
the river Danube, 3 m. N. £. of
Hochflet, 27 m. N. E. of Ulm,
and 25 m, N. W. of Atigfisurg j
rendered memorable by the vidlury
the confederal ec,. under the commani
of the D. of Marlborough and P.
li^u^icne, obtained over the French
and Bavarians, commanded by the
D. of Bavaria, and the Mar(halsTa!«-
laid and Marfin, Atjg. 2. 1704.
BtiTH, W. Icn. 1 degree, N.
lat. 5,3. 25. a market town of Not-
tinghamfiiiie, fit. i3 m, N. W. oli*
Newark.
Bi.oJ3, E. Inn. i.. 20. lat. 47.
35. the capital of the ter. 0^ Blalois,
in Orleanois, in France, fit. on the
N. ftiore of the river Loiie, 30 m.
5. W. of Oilcans, in cnv; ot the
fineft countries of France, an eleganl
city, the frequent rcfidcnce of thei*
kings, who have a palace here.
'1 he natives rerrarkabic for lhci»
politcncfs and fpeaking French in.
peifcdlion.
Blonic, B, Ion. 20. 30. lat,.
(;2. a town of Poland, in the pr.
of Warfovia, 20 m. V/, of War-
law.
BoRaio, E. Ion. 10. Kit. d4,,
3';. the capital of the tet. of
Hobbio, in the Mil.'nefe, in Italy^
2S iu« b. bf i'avia, iub. tu tlM
houfo.
B O
B O
47»
uiS)
the
> ni.
the
•an*
Keiir
ere.
hei»
in
bt.
pr.
tlva
lufo
honfe of AiMria, and the (et of 'a
h.A.
BocaChica, the (trait ot en-
trance into the harbour of Cartagena,
in S. Ameiicv, defended by feveral
forts and plattornns of "gun», which
were »li taken by the BrltiHi forces,
in 174I1 but thfi freat mortality
among ihe foWiew; obKgeid'thehito
retire before ihecitywayfalten.
BocAf r>KL DriAfeby a ftrait fo
called, between rht jfland of Trini-
dad and Nr\v Anr'alufia, a pr. of
the Terra Firrria, in S. Ahierica.
BocHARA, £. Ion. 65. ht. 40,
the capital of the tet. of Bochara,
in Uibec Tartars, fit, on the river
Oxiis. 60 m. W. of SaWarcan^, and
zCo N. E. of Meched 4 a tery popti-
lous wealthy city, taken and plun-
dered by Kouli Kiin> afterwai^s Shah
Nadir, fovereif n.of Pttfla, end ihadd
tributary to that -Ki ,i-*'ii\)
BociCHOLT, E. ]ui\. 6. zcr. lat.
51. 4.0. a town of' Muftftar, in the
pr. of WefVphalia, in GermoHy, fit.
20 m. E. of Cleef, Tub. to the i'tOi,
of Munfter.
Bodmin, W, Ion, 5, to. '1st.
50, 32. a borot]gh town of'Cdmwall,
fit. izo m. W. of London, and 26
N. E, of Falmouth ; fends two
members to patiiament, and (.'ives
thf title of Vifcount to the noble
fjmily of the Roberts's, earls of
Kadiior.
B(M)ROCH, E. Irn. 20. 15. lat.
46. iq. 3 town of Huni'ary, lit. on
the N. E. rtiorc of the livcr Danube,
100 m. S. E. of Buda.
BoRscHOT, E. Ion. 4. 40. laf.
51. 5. a town of the Auftiian Ne-
therlands in the pr. of Brabant, fit.
on the Ncthe, iz m. N, E. of Ma-
linrs.
Bog, a river of Pohnd, which
runs S. E. through the pr. 0' Podo-
Jia and Budziac i'artnry, fulling in-
to the Eiixinc fea, between Oc/ikow
an«l the mouth of the river Borirt-
heni's.
Boo, W, Ion. 2. 2}. lat. (,j.
40. a town ef Scotland, in the fture
vt Uiinf, near the mouth of the
p — ,. . .
fubjcft tC^^
river Spry, 4 m. S. of Murra^
Frith, 12 m. E. of Elgin, and 100
m. N. of Ecinbiirgh.
BoGHo, or BuEir, cap. of the
ter. of Bueil and co. of Nice m Pied-
mont, E. Ion. 6, 45. Jat. 44. 12.
fit. en the frontier;^ Of France, 25
m. N. W. of Nice.
Bofe-oTo, St. Fic, W, 100,74.
N. lat. 4. cap. of New Gianada in
Terra Finn a in S. Anierltn, nnr
which a:'t culd mines ;
bpam.
B H F. w 1 A kFng^om, c ompttw
hending Silctia and Moravia, is
buuRdi'd by the e]'*il'^ratc of Satohy
and Lulatia on the N, by Poland and
Hlingary on the E. by Auftria and
Bavaria on the S. and by tht Pala-
tinate of B ivaria and another part
of Saxony on the W. lying between
12 «nd 17 degrees of E. Ion. and
between 48 and 52 degrees of N. lat,
extending 300 m. in length, and
250 in breadth, fub. to the Q. of
Hungary as Archd. rf Aufh-ia, who iii
an abtblute fovereign in this K. but
it was moft fart of it ufurped by thk
prefent K. of Pruflia, who ftiil re-
tains the pr. of Silcfia.
BoHoi,, E. Ion. Tt2. lat, id.
one of the Philippine iflands, in Afia,
fit. N. of the ifland uf Mindanao,
and S, W. of Lejre.
BojAKo, E. Ion. I 5. 20. lat. 4^..
ao. a iiitle city of the Co. of Molife,
in Naples, fit. 15 m. N. of BcncA
vento.
BojAKs, Ruflian noblemen. '
BcM OE SoicMEs, the forrft
of Soignics in the Auihi.in Nether-
lands and pi. of Brabant, 3 m. S.
E. of HrufTels.
BoisLEnuc, or Hertogenbofch,
E. Ion. 5. 20. lar. 51. 41;. fl large
fortitted town of Dnroh Bvabant, fit.
on the river Honimoi. 23 m. N. E.
of Breda, and 17 m. W.t;f CIrave.
BoLisnBRooK, or Builingbruke,
E. Ion. 15 min. lat. 5^. 15. a mar*
ket town of Lincolnftiirc, 15 m. E.
of Lincoln.
Bn.isi.AW, E. Ion. 1.^.40. lat.
30, 15. a town of Bohemia, fit. 30
in.
B O
B O
m. N. E, of Prague, fub, to the
hoiife of AuRrij.
BoLocNA, E. Ion. II. 40. lat,
44. 30. the capital cf the Bologijcfc,
in Italy, fit. 50 m. N. of Florence,
27 m. S. of Firrara, and 200 m, N.
W. of Rome. It ft .nJs 8 m. N of
the Appcnine mountains on fcveial
little rivulets, and a navigable cana],
in one of the moft fruitful plains cf
Italy. The city is about 5 m, in
circumference, lemarkable for its
magnificrnt churches ;ind monaftc-
ries, and the riches and fine paintings
in them. The inhabitants computed
to amount to 70,000 fouls. It it
the fee uf an archb. and one of the
moft confiderablc univ. in Europe,
fub. to the Pope, and governed by
his Vice Legite.
BoLOGNE, or Boulogne, E, Ion.
T. 30. laf. 50. 40. a port town on
the Englilh channel, the capital of
the Bol*gnois, a ler. of Picardy, in
France, fit, at the mouth of the
fiver Lenart, 16 m. S. W. of Calais,
and 130 N. of Paris. This town wai
taken by Henry VIII. K. of England^
but rcftored to Fiance again, in con-
fidcration of 300,000 crowns. It is
the fee of a bifh.
BoLSENNA town, E. Ion. 13.
lat. ^z. /c. a town in the Pope's
ter. in the D. of Cartro, in Italy,
fit. 45 m, N, of Rrmc, at the N.
«nd of a lake, to which it gives its
name.
BoLSLAw, F. Icn. 14. 4^. lat.
50. 24. a town of Boh(m a, lit. on
the river Sizeia, 30 m. N. E. of
Prnpue.
BuiswAERT, E. Ion. 5. ir,
lilt. e3. 10. a town cf the United
Provinces, in the pi. of VV. Kr'cz-
laiid, fit. 13 m S. W. of Lrwarden,
Bolton, W. ion. 2. 20, lat.
53. 35. a market tow n of Lancafhiie,
fir. 27 m. N. E. of Liverpool.
UoMAi, F. Ion. s. 30. lat. i;o.
20. a town of the .'Vuifrun Nethir-
Undf, in the pr. of Luxemburg, lit,
en the livrr Ourte, 20 m. S, of
hitff.
CuMBAr, £. lua. 72. 20, lat.
18. 30. an ifland on the W. coaft of
the hither Peninf'ula of India, fit.
130 m. S. of Surat, and 200 m. S.
of Goa, and 40 m. N. W. of Dunde
Rajipore. The ifland is 7 m. long
and about 20 m. circumference, and
has a t( wn upon it a mile in length,
and a caftle well fortified, and fome
other fmaJl town"!. The inhabitants
are of fcveral nation^ via. Englifh,
Portuguezc nnd Indians, amounting
to about 50,000. In the year 1663,
the K. of i'ortugal transterrcd the
property and dominion of this ifland
to Charles II. K. of England, r.s
part of the portion of the Infanta
Catherine, Princcfs of Portugal, en
her marriage with him ; and K.
Charles made a prefent of it to the
Englifh Eaft-India company, who
have been in poflTeflion of 't ever
fincc. The prefidtnt of the Zn^ltfh
f.idtory at Surat, is ufually governor
of the ifland, and appe.irs like a
fovcrelgn prince, attended by his
guards, Sec. This place is exceed-
ingly well fituated for a trade on the
continent of India, and is indeed the
principal fettlement theEnglilh have
in this part of the world. It was
very unhealthful for many years,
but governor Hohun, by draining
the bo£s and fwamp"!, made it as
healthful r.s ..ny of the Englilh fet-
tlemcnts on this coaft.
BoMENi, E. Ion. 4. la*. 51. 50.
a port town of the United Provinces,
in the pr. of Zcland, fit. on the N.
rt»ore of the illand of Sthouen, op-
politc to the ifland of Coice.
BoMMEL, E. Ion. e;. 5c. lat. 52.
a town of Dutch Guelderland, iir.
on the N. fhoie of the river Waal,
4. m. N. F. of Ninv'giien.
Bon, E. Ion. 7. lat. 50. 35, a
town of the clcdloiate o( Cologn, in
Ocrminy, fir. on the W, fliore of
the river Rhine, I2 m. S. of Cologn.
It is a fmal! but well- fortified city,
and endured fcvrral fi^ge* in the late
w.irs. '1 he Hcclor, to whom it ia
fub. hts a fine palace here, which
he makes his ufual refidcnce.
Bur A, E4 lv;n. S. lal. 36. a pert
tuwa
B O
B O
in
of
f>gn.
IjtC
It ia
I pert
Iowa
town of the pr. of Conrtantlna, In
Algiers, in Af'tica, fit. nn the coaft
of the Mediterranean, 2co m. E. of
the city of Algiers. Here the em-
peror Charles V. anno 1535, J^'i^*-**^
when he inTaded Africa. There is
a cape or hcaJ-iand, called Bona,
-in the fame coaft to the eaftwar:!,
almoft oppcfite to Sicily.
BovAiRK, W, Ion, 67. lat. 12.
30. an iflaiid near the coafl of Terra
Firma, in Anv-'rica, 15 m. E. of rhe
iil.wi of Cur.^fl'i u, and 40 w. N. W.
of the Sjvurrti 'ort of Liguaira, on
the co:.tin:nt, fub. to the Dutclt,
vho trafti. from hence with the
Caraccao coaft.
Bona VIST A, W. Ion. 13. lat.
16. one of the Cape Verd iflands,
fy . in the Atlantic ocean, zoo m.
W. of Africa, fubjedl to Portu-
gal.
Bon Es^eranc^ cape, E. Ion.
16. S. lat, 34. i^. the mofl foutliern
promonti;ry of Africa, where the
Dutch have built a good town arid
fort, the capital of their (Vrtlemrn's
in the country of the Hi. ticntots or
Caflra ia, which c\tcii4 zco in,
within land, producing the njoft ex-
cellent wines, corn and fruits, that
arc to be met with in any quarter oi'
the world, with great plenty of cat-
tle, vjnifon, fifh and poultry, and
would be one of the moll ddivible
places on the fare of 'K e^nh, if
tluy were not fubjcdl to ^crms both
winter and fummcr, mort :< »n any
other part of the v.. Ic^.
Bom K AC J o, E. Ion i. 10. lat,
41. 20. a port town ar the fonth
end of the ifland of ''nrfica, whiv.j
pivcs name to t';,' ihait >"ctwcn
Corfica and Sardit.ia, and is one of
the bell towns in the ifland. .
BoNNf. viLtr, E. Ion. €. to,
lat. 46. IS?. a town of S.ivoy, lir,
on the N. lide of i})c rivrr Arvc,
20 m. S. E. of Geneva, fub. to the
K. of S.tfdinij.
Bongo, or Bungo, E. Ion. 132.
lat. 31. jj. the capital of one of
the illand* of [.«p:in, to which it
givc.'ititQame. A puUtowo fit, 00
the E. fide of the ifland oppofite to
the ifland rf Tonfa, from w! ich jt
is feparated by a narrow ctianncl.
Bjncs Ayeres. St:o Bvenos
A V R E f »
Bonzes, are the Chinefe pricfts.
BoppART, E. Ion, 7. ic. lat.
50. 20. a town of the eledtoratc of
Triers, fir. on the W. fhore of the
Rhine, 8 m. S. ofCobients, fub. to
that Eleftor.
Borch, E. Ion. 12. 14, lat. 52,
25. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Lower Saxony, and J">. of
Mjgdeburg, fit. 14 m. N. E. of
Magdebu'g.
BoRrmoEN", or Loot?, E. Irn,
5. 30. lat, 50. 50. a town of the
b fl). of L'epe, in Geim;ir,y, fit. 15
m. N. W. of Liege, and ful . to that
biHi.
hokno TiT. St. SEruiewR 0, E.
Jon. 13. lat. 43. 30, a town of '1 uf-
c.iny, lit, 50 m. E. of F.oitncc,
near the head of the river Tiber,
fub, til the D. of L')rr3in.
EORG O DX VAL VF. TaIIO, E.
Inn.' 10,36, lat. 44. '5. a town of
Italyi in the D, of I'arma, fit. z-j
m, S. W. of Parma, fuS, to Au-
rii.
BoRCOFOBTir, E. Ion. n. Jat.
4^,50. atownot MantiM, in Italy,
fit. at the Confluence of the rivers
Po and Menro, 8 m. S. of Mantua,
BoRon St. Dovino, V. Ion,
10. 31. idt. 44. 50, a city if JtaJy,
in the D. of I'arma, fit. 10 m. N.
W, of I'arma, fuS. to Atiftrij.
BoRi A, W. Jon. 2. lat. 41. 40. a
city of the pr. of Arr.igon, in bpain,
35 m, N. W. of SaragofTjfc
BoHi'^^UF, or Crab-ifland, W.
hm. 64. 3c. lat. iS, vj\e of the
Carilib-e illands, fir. m thrA'Iantic
ocean, 5 min. S. E. of Porto Kicr,
fub. to Npiin..
BoRisTHENts, or Kicper, on«»
of the l.igeft riven in Europe, ri!'c»
•n the pr. of Mi.fcow, m KuIIm,
and runi'ing W. by thecitj of Snio-
jcnlko, afterwards bends its courfe
D the S. till it p.ifTt s by »he citv uf
Kkot, lud diCM runutng.S. W, thro
t)*«
B O
B O
i\it country oJ^ the CalTjcks, falls in-
to the Black-fca, between Oc-^akow
and Little Tartary.
BoRMio, a tcr, of the Glrifor',
jn Italy, having the dominions oi
Venice on the S.
Borne, W. Ion. 20 min. lat.
52. 40. a mitket town of LincoJa-
fhire, 30 m. S. of Litic->ln.
Borneo illinil, fit. between
107 and 117 degrees of eallern Icn.
and between 7 degrees 30 nnin. N.
lac. and 4 degrees oi S. liv. the
form of the id.ind almort rjund,
and computed to bu- 2000 five hun-
dred m. in circumference, contain-
ing confequtnlly, a greater number
of acres than any ifland in the known
world. The Indian occin feparates
it from China and India on the N.
and N. W. and from tlic Philippine
iflands on the N, E. The illand of
Celebes or M caflai-, lies on the S.
E. of Borne ', Jiva on the S, and
the ifland <-t" ijumatra on the W,
The fea-coaft is ufually ovtrflowod
for half the year, during the conti-
nuance of the rains, and when the
waters retire, tlic coafl remains co-
vered with t'Ufc and mud, for which
rcafon tin'ir towns confifl cither of
floating -houfe? in the mouths of
their rivers, or houfes built upon
pillars a great height from the fur-
face y and fuch a floating town there
is in the mouth of the river Ban-
jar, where the Engli/h Eatl-India
company liave tiieir tadlors, from
whtnce they import chiefly pepper,
thoujih fomctimcs the merchants of
the country bring down diamonds
and other precious ftones, and fonic
gold, or our people purdiafc thtm
of the Chinr{c', who carry on .1
great trade with the natives as well
is loreianers.
Borneo town, E. Ion. in. 30.
Lit. 4. 30. lies on a bay of the lei
on the N. W. part of i\,c ifijid.
This ik n«t a place of ly (.rcat
traffic, foreigners ufually reforting
to the S. E, part of the U'and,
w h'ch ib under the dominion 0/ the
Saltan of Cay^^ngec, whole capiul
lies about 100 m, up the river 6an«
jar, for the ifland is divided into
fcveral kingdom., of whiih the mift
pjrveifiu Prince afiumes a luperio-
rity over the reft, at Icjft this is the
c le i^ tliat part of the ifland near
the coj(t which is inhabited by Ma-
hoRi'^tuii. 'I'hole of the inland
country are i-'a^ians, and have difie-
i:or forms f government, but of
thcfe we have little knowledge ;
the peop e .'re very fwarthy, but
noL t 'nek, aod ^o almoft n;.ked.
Our t.iltindia company having at-
tempted to build forts upon the
coail, near Banjar, their fattors were
murdered or expelled, but they ha\e
fmcc accommodated matters, and arc
pertsiited to trade liiither again.
BoRNHOLM, E. Ion. 15. 'at, c^.
15. an iflind in the Baltic fta, ir.
JO m, S. E. of the co. of Schoncn,
in Sweden, and 43 m. N. E. of the
ifle of Rugin.
BoROUOHBRlDCE, W. lon, I.
15. lat. 54. 10. a town of the N.
riding in Vorkfhire, fir. 15 rri. N.
W. of York, 170 N. of London j
fends two members to parliament.
BosA, or BossA, E. ion. S. ;^o.
l.it. 40. 15. a tuvvij of Sardinia, (it.
on the W. coaft of the ifland, at ilic
mouth of the river Bofa, 32 m. N.
of Oriftagni.
BosNA Serajo, E. lon. 19.
lat. 44. the capital of the pr. of
Bofnia, fit. on the frontiers of Eu-
ropean Turky, lao m. S. W. ot
Belgrade.
Bosnia, a frontier pr. of Ch i/}-
endcm, divided between the houfc
of Auftria and the Turks ; that pail
which lies on the E. of the river
Unna, belonging to the Turks, and
that part on the W. of that river to
the Aurtrians.
BospHORus, or ftr.iit of Con-
ftintinopl , divides Europe I'rom
Alia. It is about a m. broad betwecrj
Conrtmtinople on the European ftde
and Scutari on the Allan fidf, v;he»c
the iJrand Seignior has .1 palace,
and friijucntly goes thither attended
by the ladies of the Sciaglio, and it
B O
B O
Js indeed fo near the city, that it is
Joolc'd upon as a fuburb of Conftan-
tinople.
BossiNEY, W. Ion. 5. lat. 50.
40. a borough town of Cornwall,
fir, on the Irifh channel, 15 m. N.
\V. of Launccfton, and 210 W. of
London j fends two members to par-
liament.
RossoRA, or BafTora, E. Ion.
47. lat. 30. a poit town of Afiatic
'i'urky, in the pr, of Eyraca Arabic,
fi\ on the W. fide of the river Eu-
phrates, about 40 m. N. W. of the
gulph of I'erfia, or RoiTora. It Hands
3 m. VV. of ths river, but has a
commvinication with it by ana.iga-
ble canal, to the end whereof lart^c
fhins come up from the lea. Ihe
city is about u m. in circumference,
and fiirrounded by a wall and other
works, and was taken from the
Arabs by the Turks about 160 yeats
ago, however they capitulated to be
governed by a prince of their own,
and enjoy many other privileges,
and as it it a free port is more re-
forted to than any town on that flJe
ti Turky by foreign merchants.
Boss OFT, E. Ion. 4. 30. lat,
50. 52. a rown of the Auflrian Ne-
thrrljnJs, in the pr. of Brabant, 8
m. S. of Louvain.
Boston, E. Ion, 15 min. lat.
53. a port rown of Li- olniTiire, lit.
rear the mautli uf the 1 ver Witham,
vhich falls into the German fca, 26
m. S. E. of Lincoin, and 90 m.N.
of London.
Boston, W, Ion. -1, Int. 4a.
14. the capital of Ncw-Lnt^Iand, in
America, fir. on a pcninfula at the
bottom of a fine bay, covered by
rmali iflands and rocks, and defended
I y a caflle and platforms ol guns,
which ri.nder the aj. pronch cf an rne-
my very difficult. It lies in the form
of a crcfccnt about the harbour, and
tbeccuniry bf:)ond lifing ;:r.idually,
jitFords a delightful profjctl from the
I'M. There are ten churches in the
town, of vhith, fix arc indcpcn-
fnts, nnd the number of f(nil. i»
rcmp'Hcr! *o be foaif.fn th luljiid,
and it Is one of th.e moft flourifliing
towns of trade in N. America.
BOSWORTH, W. Ion. I. 2,-,
lat. 52. 45. a market town in Lei-
cefterfiiire, fir. 1 1 m. S. W, of Lti-
cefter, and 90 m. N. W. of Lon-
don } rendered memoLnblc by ilie
battle fought thcie, anno 14315, be-
tween K. Richard IH. ajid Htrviy
Earl of Richmond, afterw.irds Ucn'
ry Vlf. wherein K, Richard lull his
life and crown.
Bothnia, E. and W. provinces
of Sweden, lying on each fide the
Bothnic golph.
Bo T WAR, E. Ion. 9. 15. lat.
49. a town of Wirtemburg, in thu
rir. 01 liuabia, in Gcrnnny, fit. 1^
m. S. E. of Hailbron, fub. to the
D, of Wirtemburg.
BovA, E. Ion. 16. i> lat. 3S.
20. a town of Italy, in the K. of
Naples, fit. near the fea, zo m. S,
£. of Rcggio,
Bo u CHAIN, E, Ion. 3. iv hit.
50, 30. a fortified town of Hainalr,
in the French Netherlands, taken by
the confederates in Qj_Anne's war,
and retaken by the Fronch, v. ho fijll
pofiefs it. It flands 7 m. N. of
Carrbray, and 9. m. E. of Douay.
BouviLLGN, E. Ion. 5. lat. 45,
55. a city of Luxembourg, in the
Aiifirian Netherlands, fit. 40 m.
W. of Luxembourg, and 10 m. N.
E. of Sedan.
Bo V INKS, E. Ion. 4, 50. lat. <;o.
2c. a fmall 'own in the pr. of Na-
mur, in tlio.Au'^rian Netherlands, fit.
on thi: river Maes, 10 m. S, of the city
ot Namur, and 2 m. N. of Din.int.
BoviNo, E. Ion. 16. 15. lat.4r.
a fmail city of the capitnnate in Na-
pl''s, fit. 60 m. E. of the city of
Naples. The fee of a bi/h.
BoLREON, or Mafcarcnha's iflc,
E. Ion. 54. S. lat. 21. fir. in tlie
Indian ocean, ico m. E. of Ma-
dap';fcar, fob. to France.
BolfRBoN ARCMEnALT, L. Inn,
3. 10. lat. 46. 35. capit.il of t!.c
D. of Bonrbon, in the Lyonoi;, uj
France, a- m. S. of Never".
BvirtnoN Lancy, L, Ion. 3.
i*" 40.
B O
B O
4.6. lat. 43. 35. a town of France,
in ihc P. of Burgundy, fit. on the
river Loyre, 55 m. S.W. of Chalon?.
BouRDouRC, or Bourboich, E.
Ion. 2. 10. Jat. 50. 50. a town of
FlanJers, in the French Netherlands,
fit. 3 m. S. of Giavclin, and 10 S,
\V. of Dunkirk.
BouuDEAux, W. Ion. 40 min,
lat. 44. 50. capital of the Bourde-
lois, and of all Guienne and Gaf-
tony, fit. on the river Gaionne,
90 m. S. of Rochelk-, 55 m. S. W.
of Angoulefme, and 260 ni. S. W.
of I'aris. It is one vf' the Jargeft
and rich'jft cities of France, con-
taining about forty thoufand inha-
bitants, and fortified after the mo-
dern way, in the reign of Lewis
XIV. by that great engineer Moi\C.
Vauban. It is the fee of an nrthb.
and univ. and there is PiII the re-
mains of an araphithcure a".-^ other
Romau antiquities ; and here the
celebrated Hawaid the Black Prince
being refidcnt f(r A^me years, his
fon, afterwards Rich;ud 11. K. of
Englan*^, was born. It hns a veiy
great iore gn tr.tde, C'pccially in
vine, fcveral hundred /hips being
loaded arinnal'y here with that kind
of mcrchmdife.
BouRniKKs, E. Ion. 5. lat. 50.
35. a t'wn of the Aufhian Neihcr-
landf, in the pr. of Namur, fit.
10 m. N. E. ot Namur, and 5 m.
N. W. of Huy.
BouRC, W. Inn. 52. lat. 5. the
capit.)! of tlie ifland of Cayenne and
the French coh nies on the coaft of
Cuan.i, in S. Am r.ci, 1150 m. S.
p.. of Sininani. and 300 m. N. W.
of Fovt Cayte, in Br.izil.
BouRG en-Hress, E. Ion. «(,
t. l.it. 4v5. 20, the capital of Biefle,
IP the pr. of Bui gundy, in France,
•fit. 36 m. V, . ol Geneva, and 32
Xjn. N. of Lyons.
lio URGES, L. Ion. 2. 30. Jat.
47. 10. the capital <-f the ter. of
Berry, in Orle.ino'r, in Fiance, fit.
50 m. S. E. of Orhans, and 105 m.
•' S. ot I'aris, in the tenter of the K.
a lar^je clcgmt city, well pcoplci
with gentry and ecclefiaftics, but
a town of no great trade. In this
city Charles VII. of France refidcd,
when th Engliih were msfleis of
all the TcR of the kingdom almoft,
and was in deiifion called K. of
Bu-rry ; but what Henry V. K. of
England won, was all loft by his
fon Henry VI. it is the fee of an
archb. and a univ.
Bo UP. GET, E. Ion. 5. 5-. lat.
45. .^5. a town of Savoy, fit. at the
S. end of the lake Donrget, 6 m.
N. of Chamberry, fub. to the K. of
Sardinia, but pofiefled by the French
an^ Spaniards.
ftouRG-suR-MER, W. lon. 37
m:n. a town of Guienne, in France,
fit. at the mouth of the river Dor-
donne, 15 m. N. of Bourdeaux.
BouRo, E. ion. 124. S. lat. 3. 30.
an ifland in the Luiian ocean, lit in
the midway belv\een the iflands of
Macaflar and Ciram, fub. to the
DutLli, who have a fortrcls here,
BouToN, E. lon. 121. 30, S.
lat. between 4 and i;, an ifland in
the Indian fen, diftnnt 12 m. from
the S. F. part of the ifland of Cele-
bes, or Macaflar.
Bo WE town, W. lon. 4. lat.
50. 45. a market town of Devon,
12 m. N. W. of Exeter.
BoxTEL, E. Ion. 5. 16, lat. 51.
30. a town of the Netherlands, m
tlic pr. of Dutch Krabant, fit. on
the liver Bcmmel, 8 m. S. of Boif-
leduc.
BoxTHunE, E. lon, 9. 16. lat,
53. i^o. a c ty of the D. of Brcn,en,
in Lower Saxony, in Germany, lit.
on the river Elbe, 15 m. W. of
Hamburgh, fub. to Hanover.
Bo\ N E, a river of It eland, wlii^h
rif'es ill Queen's co. in the pr. cf
Leinftcr, runs N, E. by 'J'lim ai d
Cavan, and falls into the Irifli chan-
nel a httle below Drogheda ; me-
morable for a battle fought upon i's
banks, between K. James II. and
K. William HI. wherein the latter
was vicloriouF, anno 1690.
Bozo 10, E lon. II, lat. 44. 40.
a town of the D, uf .Mantua, fit.
B R
B R •
12 m. S. W. of the city of Mantua,
I'ub. to the houfe of Auflri.i.
Br AC A NT, a pr. u( theN?thcr-
lands, having the United Ncther-
I'.nds on the N. Germany on the E.
the pr, of Halnalt on the S. and
the pr. of Flanders on the W. the
greatcft patt of it fub. to the houfe
of Auflria, the capital HrudVls ; the
J eft is fub. to the Dutch, thvir capi-
tal Breda.
Bracctano, E. Ion. 13. lat,
^z, capital of the D. of Bracciano,
in St. Peter's Patrimony, in Italy,
f:t. on the W. fide of a lake, 12 m,
N. of Romr,
Brackley, W, Ion. i. 15.
lat. 52. a borough town of Nor-
thamptonfhire, fir. 15 m. S. W." of
Northamphm j fends two members
to parliament.
Brack LAW, E. Ion. 29. 20. lat.
CO. a town of PolanJ, In the pr. of
I'odolia, lit. on the river Boj, 4J
ni. N. I'i P. .daw.
Br.\in fe Comtk, E. Ion. 4.
lit. 50. /o, a toun of the pr. of
Hainalt, in the Aiiftrian Nethcr--
lanJs t'if« 15 ni- S. E. of Diuli'tl.,
and 9 m. N. E. of Mons.
Bit A I NT REE, E, loji. r^y n)in.
lat. 51. 50. a market town of till-x,
12 m. N. of Chelmsford.
Br AKEL, E. Ion. g. lat. 51. 4'^,
.n town of the birti. of Pnd(!b(;ir,, i;i
the cir. of Wtftphalia, in Gcniiany,
fit. 20 m. E. of I*aderborn.
Bra MANX, E. Ion. 6. 4?. lat.
45. a town fit. en the river Arch, ia
the valley of Maurien, in Savi.y, fit,
35 m, N. W. of Turin.
Br AMBER, W. Ion 15 min. lar.
50. 50. a borough town cf Suflcx,
i5 m. S. of Eift Grinfted ; ftnds
48. capital of the pal, of Braclaw, two members to parliament.
in Podolia, in Poland, fit. on the
river Bog, no m. E. of Kaminec.
Brad, E. long. 18, /o, lat. 45.
20. a town of Sdavon a, fit. on the
N". fiiic of the river Save, 18 m. S»
of rorc2;a,
EBAPFiEtp, E. Ion. 30 min.
Bka.mpork, E. Ion. 77. lat, 21.
50. a town of the ter. of B-.Mar, n
the hither Pcninfula of India, fit.
220 m. £. of Surat, fubjcdt to the
M(igijl.
B.;amptov, W. Ion. 2. 40. lat,
54. 50. a market town in Cumber-
Iai-» 51. 54. a market town in ElFex, land, fir. 6 m. N. E. of Carllfle. '
14. m. N. of Chelmsford.
Bradford, W, Ion. 2.40. lat,
51. 20. a market tuwn in VViltfliirc,
9 tr. W. of the Devizes.
BRADFORTir, W. Ion. T. 3^.
lat. 53, 4c, a market town of Yotk-
fllirc, 30 m. S.W, of York.
Bradnich, W. Ion. 3. 35. lat,
5c. 45, a market town of Devon,
xo m. N. of Exeter,
Br AG A, VV. Ion, 8. 40. lat.
41. 20. The capital of the pr, of
Entre Miiiho Dufro, in Poitufal,
fit. on the river C.wado, 170 m.
N, <f l.ifbon, and 32 N. cf Porto
Port,
Braoanta, W. Ion. j.ht.
41. 50. a city of the pr. of Trains
Muntc^. in Portuf^Tl, fit. on the
jiver Sabor, 100 m. N. K, of Porto
Port, nnd 55 m. N, E. of Villa
Real.
Bra'myard, W. Ion. 2. 30. lat,
52. 20. a maiket town of Hcrcftrd-
fliire, 12 m. N. E. of Hereford.
Branch ON, E. Ion. 4. 50. lat,
50. 32. a town of the Aoltiian Ne-
therlands, in the province of Na«
mur, fit. on the Nleha^gnc, 8 m,
N. of Nnnur, and z, m. S. E. of
Ramillios.
BRANnEis, E. Icp. 14. 25. lit.
50. 1 V 3 town of Buhem a, fir.
on the river Elbe, 10 w. N. E. of
Piaaue.
Br ANi/fcNBVRr, E. Ion. 13,
lar. ji. t.^. a city of the m r. of
Rrardenburj:, fit. oti the river Have),
16 m. W. of Berlin, once the ca-
pital, but now declining, fi\bjid"l to
Pi u nil.
Branpfnbvro mirquifatc, \*i
hounded by Ptimerania and Meck-
Imburg on the N. by Pol tnd en the
Bkailow, E, Ion, 29. lat, 4.3, E, by ihc ele^l.tatc of S.uony >n
E » ih«
B R
B R
the S. and by Brunrwlc and Lu-
nenburg on the W. extending 200
xn. in length, and between 50 and
ICO in breadth, the capital city Ber-
lin, fub. to Pruflia.
Brandon, £. Jon. 45. min. lat.
52. 30. a market town of Suffolk,
10 m. N. «f Bury.
Br AN SKA, £. Ion. 23. 15. lat.
46. a town of Tranfilvania, fit, on
the river Merifh, 35 m. S. of Weif-
fenburg, and 47 m. S, W. of Her-
mar.flar, fub. to the hcufe of Au-
Una.
Brazil, fit. between 35 and
60 degrees of W. Jon. and between
the Equator and 35 degrees of S. Jat.
hounded by the Atlantic ocean and
tJie river Amazon on the N. by the
fame Atlantic ocean on the E. and
by the river of Plate on the S. and
by Paragua and the country of the
Amazons on the W, the chief town
whereof is St. Salvador, on the bay
cf AU-Saints, Baya de todos Sane
<cs. This country was planted by
the Pcrtugueze, about the year 1550,
the Dutch nfterwards invaded it and
took part cf it fiom them, about
the year 1629, but were at length
driven from thence, anno 1654, and
the Pcrtugueze have now the fole
dominion of this country, where
bcfidcs fugar and tobacco, and the
ether pri-iuce common to hot cli-
mates, they have lately dif<"overed
diamond trounJs, which has incited
the Spaniiirds to endeavour to pof-
fefs themfelves of the S. pait of
Brazil, and there are almoft perpe-
tual hollilities between their colo-
nies at the mouth of the river La
Plata, the Portuguezc pcflefTjng the
northern, and the Spaniards the
foti'hern fliores of that river.
BrtASLAW, E. Ion. 26. lat. 56.
20. capital of the pal. of Biafljw,
in the pr. of Lithuania, in Poland,
fit. 7c. m N. E. of Wilna, and 90
w. S.E. of Mittau.
Br AUNAU, or Hranau, a town
(f Gcrmi'ny, in the cir. of Bavaria,
lit. on tKe river Inn, 25 m. S. W.
tf PdHai!.
Bravnsburg, E. Ion. 20. lat.
54. 15. a town of Pruflia, in Po-
land, fit. en the Baltic fea, 30 m.
S. W. of Koninglburg, fubjeft to
Pruflia.
Bravo, W. Ion. 25. Jat. 14,
one of the Cape Vcrd iflands, in
the Atlantic ocean, oppofite to Cape
Verd, in Africa, fubje£t to Por-
tugal.
Bray, E. Ion. 3. 20. lat. 48,
25. a town of Champaign, in France,
fjt, on the river Seyne, 16 m. N.
cf Sens.
Brav, W. Ion. 6. 16, lat. 55.
12. a port town of Ireland, in the
CO. of Wicklow and pr. of Leinfter,
fit. on St. George's channel, 10 m.
S. of Dublin.
Brazza, E. Ion. i8, lat. 43.
a town and ifland on the coaft cf
Dalmatia, in the gulph of Venice,
oppofite to Spalatto, fubjeft to Ve-
nice.
Brzchin, W. Ion, 2. 20. lat.
56. 40. a parliament town of the
CO. of Angus in Scotland, fit. 15
m, N, E. cf Dundee, and 45 m,
N. E. of Edinburgh.
Brecon, or Brecknock, a
borough town of Brccknockfliire, W,
Ion. 3. 25. lat. 52. fit. on the river
L'ik, 25 m. N. W. of Monmouth,
and 120 N. W. of London j fends
one member to parliament.
Br EPA, E. Ion. 4. 40. lat. 51$
40. the capital of Dutch Brabant,
fit. 30 m. N. E. of Antwerp, and
26 S. E. of Rotterdam, fortified and
gariifoned by the Dutch, hut the
property and civil government of
the place belongs of right to the
Prince cf Orange.
BrEGENTS, orBERGENTS, E.
lor, 9. 40. lat. 47. 30, fit. at the
E. end of the lake of Conftance, in
the CO. of Tyrol, in Germany, 28
m. S. E. of Conftance, and 6 S. of
Lindaw, fub. to Auilria.
Breme, or Bremen, E. Ion. 8.
20. lat. 53. 25. the capital of the
D. of Bremen, fir. on the river
Wffer, 70 m. N. W. of Zell, and
as n»any S. W, of Hamburgh, tnc
of
BR
B K
m
©f the moft confiderable port towns
of Lower Saxony, in Germany, but
large veirds are obliged to unload fix
miles below it, on account of the
fands in tiie river. It was one of the
hanfe towns, and is ftill an imperial
city or fovereign ftate, governed
with the adjacent Icr. by its o.vn
jnapiflrates.
Bremen duchy, formerly an
archb. is bounded by the river Elbe,
which fcpar3te3 it from the D. of
Ho ftein on the N. E, by the river
Wefer, which feparatcs it from Wcit-
ph^lia, on the S. W. by the Cer-
min fea on the W. and by Lunen-
biir^ on the S. E. formerFy fuKj<;£t
to Swtdeii, but conquered ty lien-
mark, and transferred by that crown
to the Elcclor of Hanover for a va-
luable confiderution, anno 1716.
Bremkk VHOior, K. Ion.- 8, 3^^.
la*-. 53.48. afoitified townot'theD.
of Bremen, in the cir. of Lower
Saxony i:i Germany, fit. 27 m. N,
of Bremen city.
Bhemc ARTEN," E. lon. 8. 15.
lat. 47. 20. a town of Switzerland,
in the co. of Badcn^ fit, 12 m. W.
of Zurich. > ; f * v ■ • « <j
B;< EM INGHAM. See Birm>
INGHAM.
Brenburg. See Bernburo.
B«ENT, W. Ion. 4. 7. lat. 50.
30. a market town of Devon^ 27
IB. S. W. of Exeter.
Brente, a riv(rr which rifcs in
the bifh. of Trent, and running Sr
E. through the Venetian ter. in
Italy, fails into the Adriatic fea,
oppollte to the city of Venice.
Bhenteord, W. ron. 10 min.
lar. 51. 26. a market town of Mid-
dleftx, 10 m. W. of London.
Br KNTWoon, or Bhrnt wood,
E. Ion. It? intn. Int. :;i. 35, a
market town in Eifcx^ 15 m, E, of
London.
L^KESCiA, F. Ion. 10. -^(^i Lit,
4«;. 30. capital of the Brefcian, in
Ujly, fir. 30 m. N. of Crem(»na,
ami is the fee of a bifli, fuhj?;d to
Venice.
Bajescia" tofi has thc>y«roncre>
en the E. and the Milanefc on the
Weft.
Bresello, E. Ion. it* lat, 44.
40. a town of Modena, fit. on the
Si fhore of the river Ho, 25 m. N.
W. of Modena, and 20 m. S. of
Mantua,
Breslaw, E. jon. 16, 50. lat,
51. 15. ciipitR.I of the D, of Bref-
law, and of all Silcfia, fit. on the
river Oder, 120 m. N. E. of Prague.
Here the trc:ity for ceding Silefia
to the King of Fruflia was made^
anno 174?. j and that ccflion was
cenfirmcd to the King ot Fruflia by
the treaty of Aix ia Chapeile, anno
Eresse, a ter, of Burgundy, in
Fiance, is bounded by Fr.i'>chr
Compte on the K. Savoy on the E,
Dauphine on ti.e S. and Lyonolr cvti
the W.
Bressvirt, W. Jon. 30 min,
Jat. 46. 50. a town of Puifton, .a
Oilcanois, in France, fit. 35 m. N.
W. of Foid^icrs.
Bxf:. T, W. lon. 4. 30, ht, 4?,
25. an excellent port and hubiur
on C^mcret bay, in the Atlantic
ocean and wcOern coaH: of Britnnv»
fit. 150 m. N. W. of Nants, and.
^o m, W. of P.'.ris. Here the
French lay up one of their Jarrr-ft
Iquadrons of men of war. The Fn,"
lilh mate an attempt to uki ti.'^
tewn in the year 1694, but the dr-
fign being dilcovercd, and the ave
nucs defended by a nMmerous atti'.
Icry, an i an army fuperior to ih~
invaders, general Talmafh, who com^
nanded the Engliih, was mortal'y
wouri.Jod 4n malcmg the dcfccir,
nnd the force-] obliged to retire v.i'.ti
l0l>,
Brk'5te, or Bressict, E. hn.
24. lat. :52. the capital of the pal.
or RielTici and of f'olcfia, in lV)!and,
fit. on the river Bug,. 80 m, E. i-
Watfaw, f'ub. to Foland.
Breton capp, an ifland fo cr.II-d,
fit. between ,'H 'and 62 degrees or
W-. Ion. and bctwt-en 4:; and 4S de-
gfces of N. lat. in the Atiaiuic
cccan, in N. Aintricaj , ftparat • »
^ i irotu
B R
B R
from Acddia or New Scotlamd, by
the narrow ftrait of Canfo, and is
about loo m. in length, and 50 in
breadch. This ifland was taken from
the French by the Englift in 1745 j
it is a barren country, producing
fcarce any corn or grafs, and but
little wood J exccfliv* cold, and co-
vered with fnow in winter, and fub-
isdt to great fogs even in fummer :
fhcie are, however, feveral good
fiarbours, and an excellent fishery
on the coaft, aad thofe who pofieis
this ifland command the navigation
f.o French Canada by the river of St,
3-a\vrencc. ReAored to the French
liy the treaty of Aix la ChapcHe,
Ba etvf.il, Ev Ion. i. kt, 48,
50. a town ot France, in the pr.
of Normandy, fit, 35 m. S. of
Rouen,
Bkevcrdt, E. Ion, 6. 35, lat,
S.:. a town of the United Nether-
'in^;, in the pr, of Gcldcrland, fir.
'.4 Hi. 3. £. of Zutphen.
Br ewers-haven, W. Ion. 82,
S. I.ir. 42. a good harbour ut the N.
t .'-d of the ifland or Chiloe, on the
<oj[i of Chili, in S. America, to
'vliich the Dutch reforted with a
fft/Kidron of men of war and land-
'orces, anno 16; 3, when they en-
»Jtavoured to fettle colonics at Bal-
iljvia and othei parts of Chili, but
'.vtre driven from thence by the
Spanbrds and the natives,
Briy, H« Isn, 5, 40, lat. 51,
15. a town of the biih. of Licjj^e, in
f;eimany, fit. i6 m. N. of Mae£-
irjcht, »ub, to the bifh, of Liege.
Brianjon, E. Ion. 6, 20. lat,
44. 50. the capital of the Brianjo-
nois, in Dauphine, in France, lit,
4« m. S. E. of Grenoble.
Bkiabe, E. Ion. 2. 45, lat, 47,
40. a town of Gatinois, in the ifle
of France, fir. on the river Loyre,
75 m S. <'f Paris,
Bk idge town, W. Jon. 59. lat,
13. the capital of the ifland of Bar-
bftdoes, in the American fea, or
Atlantic ocean. It contains about
i,-.oo Uoufcs, and they have <;om-
modious wharfs for unloading good%
and fume forts and caflles for its
defence} but they are not fecure
from hurricanes here,
Bridgnorth, W. Ion. 2, 30,
lat. 52. 40. a borough town of Shrop*^
(hire, fit. on the rivern Severn, 15
m. S. E. of Shrewfbury j fends two-
members to parliament.
Bridgwater, W. Ion. 3, lat.
51, 15, a large borough and port
town of Somerfetfhire, fit. near the
mouth of the river Evil, which dif-^
charges itfelf into the Briflol chan-
nel a little below it ; fends two
members to parliament, and ilands
about 13 m. S, W. of Wells^
Bridlington, or Burling-
TON, £, Ion, xomin. lat. 54, 15. a
fea-port town of the E. riding in
York/hire, fit. on the German fea,
37 m. N. E, of York.
Bridport, W. Ion. 3. lat. 50.
4c. a borough and port town of Dor-
fetfhire, fit. lem.W. of Dorchefler,
fends two members to parliament,
Br I EG, £. Ion. 17. 20. lat. 50*
50, the capital of the ter. of Brieg,^
in Silefia, 20 m. S. E. of Brellaw,
in the poflciiion of the King of
Pruffia.
Br I EL, E, Ion, 4. lat. 51* 50.
tha capital of the ifland of Voorn,
in Holland, fit. 12 m. S. of the
Hague, and 5 m. N. of Helvoetfluys,.
one of the cautionary towns which
was delivered into the hands of Q^
Elizabeth, and garrifoned by Eng-
lifh forfes during her reign and part:
of the next,
Briennoz-s, the fouthcrn di-
vifion of the D. of Burgundy in
France.
Brieux St. W. Ion. 2. 50.
lat. 48. 4c. a port town of Britany,
in France, fit. on the Englifh chan-
nel, 55 m. N. W. of Rennes, and
30 m. Wi of St. Malo. The fee of
a bifh.
Br ICG, W^ Icn. 20 min. kt. 53»
40. a market town in Lincoln/hue,,
lit. 24 m. N, of Lincoln.
Bk ighthelmstone, W. Ion*
XO ixuJi. hX, 50. 50, a little port
• town
B R
B R.
lat.
town in Suflfex, 7 m. S. W, of
Lewes, where K. Charles II. em-
barked for France, anno 1651, after
the battle of Worcefter,
Brihuega, W. Ion. ^. 20,
lat. 41. a town of New Cailile, in
Spain, fit. 43 m. N. £. of Madrid.
JHere general St,inhope with 8 Squa-
drons and 8 battalions of Englifli,
having feparated himfelf from the
reft of the confederate army, com-
manded by Count Staremberg, was
furrounded by the French and Spa-
niards, and after a gallant defence
with their fmall arms, having fpent
all their ammunition, were made
prifoners of war, ; -, ; /.-.
BaiLL. See Brzel.
Br IN, £. Ion. 16. 20. lat. 49.
14. a city of Moravia, dependant
on Bohemia, .<( -^o m. S. W. of
Olmutz, fub. to >ria,
Br IN 01 SI, I. ancient Brundu-
fium, a port town of the ter. of
Otranto, in Naples, fit. at the en-
trance of the gulph of Venice, E,
Ion. 18.45. l<>t. 40.40. 35 m. N.W,
of Otranto.
Bkisac, E. Ion. 7. 15. lat. 48.
10. a fortiRed town of Suabia, in
Cermanyt fit. on the E. Oiore of
the river Rhine, 30 m. S. of Straf-
burg, fub. to the houfe of Au^iki.
Bkisac New, a fortrefs 00 the
W, fide of the Rhine, in Alface,
built by the French, oppofite to old
Brifac.
Brisgow, a ter. of the cir. cf
Suabia, in Germany, on the £. fide
of the Rhine, oppofite to the upper
AKace, whereof Fribourg and Brifac
are the chief towns, fub. to the
houfe of Aullria.
Bristol, W. Ion. 2. 40. lat.
51. 30. a city and port town, which
Hands part of it in Gloucefterfhire,
and part in SomerfetHiire, fit. on
the river Avon, 90 m. W. of Lon-
don, and torn. W, of Baib» Tfie
fee of a bifh. and a town of the
greateft foreign trade of any in Eng-
land next to London, efpeciaily to
the Weft- Indies J fc;nds two mem-
bers to parliament, and gives the
title of Earl, to the noble familjr
^( the Herveys.
B R I s T e I. New, W. Ion, 75,
lat. 40. 45. the capital of the co.
of Bucks, in Pennfylvania, 20 m.
N. of Philadelphia, and fit. on the
river De-la-War,
Britain New, called alfo Terra
Labrador and Elkimaux in N. Ame-
rica, iias Hudton's flrait and bay on
the N. and W. Canada, and the
river of Sb. Lawrence S. and the
Atlantic ocean £.. and is fub. to
Great- Britain, but yields only /kins
and furrs.
British iflands, fit. in the At*
lantic ocean, between 2 F. and 10
W. ion. and between 5^ : u 5o N,
lat. bounded by the U'A.ca/iip'ionian
fea N. by the Gen ^'.a/j (if?..,, which
divides them from Norway, Den-
mark, Germany, and the Nether»
lands on the £. by the finglifh
channel, which divides them from
France S. and by the Atlantic ocean
on the W.
Britany, the mod N.W. pr,
of France, encompaffed on the N.
W. apd S. by the Englifli channel
and the bay of Bilcay, and bounded-
on the E by the pr. of Orleanois.
Bbixsk, £. Ion. 21. 45. lat.
46. 45. capital of the ter. of the
bi/h. of Brixen, in the pr. of Tyrol,
in Germany, fu. on the river £y-
fac, 50 m. N. £. of Trent, fub. to
Auftria.
Broadalbin, a fliire in the
midft of Scotland almoft, having
Athol on the £. and Lorn on the
W.
Br on, £. Ion. 18. 50. lat. 45.
20. a town of Sclavonia, fit. on the
river Save, 16 m. S. of Pofega.
Broglio, E. Ion. 6. 42. laf..
44. 12, a town of Italy, in the
pr. of Piedmont, and capital of the
CO. of BrogUo, fK. near the fron-
tiers ef PruvvAce, 25 m. N.W. of
Nice. i
Bromesgrove, W. Ion. 2, 5,
lat. 52- 26. a market town in Wor»
ccfterHiire, xo zn* N. £. of Wor-
cefter, ,, a
Bromizt>
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B R
B U
BroMLS'v^, B. Ion. 5 min. laf.
51. 25. a market town in Kent, lo
m, S.£. of London.
. Bromley, W. Ion. i, 50. Lit.
5v'. 45. a market town of Slatford-
ffllire, 10 m. E. of Stafford.
BnoN, or Bronno, E; Ion, 10.
lar. ^54,. .0. a town of the ter. of
PnviJ, in tie Milanefe, in Itah,
At. i>. of'the river i •> zz m» S. of
Pavia,
Brouage, W, Ion. x. lar. 45.
50. a tortrefs m tho ter. of Santoign,
in Fraice, lit. on a bay of the iea,
18 m. S. of ilochelle. The bay on
which it lies atTurding vaft quancittcs
cH ii\t of tht beft fort| from thence
called bay fait.
Brouekshavzn, r. Ion. 3.
515. lat. 51. 50. a port town of the
U«ited Provinces, in the pr. of Zcj-
laitdy a ^d ilUnd of. Schouen, fic. on
a bny of the lea, on the N. lide of
th<^ ifland, 9 in. S.W, of HelvoeC-
fluys, »' . -i ..
IJR ucK, See Pruck.
Bruchsai., E. Ion. 8. 30, lat.
49-. 1 5. a town ui the bifla. ot S(>ires,
in the Palatinate, in Geroiariy, 6 m.
Si E. of PhiUipfbarg, i\xb. to the
biih. t'f Spires.
BH(}c.<i. SscPrugg.
Bi(U(>KS, E. Ion. 3. 5. lAt. 51.
j6; a city and pott town ot I'ian-
di.Ts, fit. II m. £. of Ol^end, and
Z'4 N. »'• . of Ghtnt ; a navigab'u
cimal brings up ihe ihippiny tiom
Oitead, and it has <tiU the belt fo-
reign trade of any town in Flanders,
thoii^^h it be much decreaied, lince
this WHS the ilaple for Engiiih wool.
U i« the icc of u bilh. aud fub. to
tkkc houfe of Auflria.
BiiuNSKUTTtL, E. Ion. 8. 4^.
ht. 5j. 30. a port town of Fiol-
Ittm, in ihr cir, ct Lower S.tnony in
Oerm^uy, h'. ai tliC niouth o» ll<e
river E be, 13 m. N.W..of Gluck*
ftat, tub. tu Uenmaik.
Pkunswick, li. Ion. 10. 30.
lat. sz. 30. the Ciipital ot the D. of
Brmilu'.ck, in the c.r. of Lower
Saituti\ / fit. on the rivor Oiker,
35 uu t, «f Huftyvtr, and 30 m»
ff. E. of Zcll. The uAial refidtfnce
of the D. of Brunfwic Wolfembut-
tlc, who is fovercign of it.
Brunswic duchy, including
the territ. of Hanovtr, or Calen-
bur^!, G.ubenhsgen, Blankenburg and
Rhetnliein, 13 bounJed by the D.
of Lunenburg on the N. by Magde-
burg and Halberiiat on the E, by
Ht»re.Caflcl en the S. and b/ the
rivw Welcr, which leparates it from
Weltphalia, on the W. The ter,
cf Brunfwic proper, Woifembuttle,
Blankenburg and f<heinllein, which
lie on the E. being tub. to the D»
of Branfwic Woifembuttle, and the
ter. (f Hanover and CMubenhaRin <in
tlie VV. lub. to the Elector ot Hano-
ver, who has th;; title of D. of
Brunl'wic, tjiuugh he has no pro-
ptrty or dominion over the city of
tliat name.
Brunt IS 'fland, E. Ion. 3. lat..
56, 12. a par), town on the coaft of
Fife, in ScotJanci, 10 m. N.W, of
Edinb'..rgh.
Bru.-sels, E. Ion. 4. 6. lat..
50. 50. the cajjital cf tht pr. of
f^raliant, and of «11 the A'lflriaa
Necheclaiid^, fit. on the liver Seiinc,
25 in. S. Kif Antwerp, and 3Cy m. S,
£. of Ghent. I he Ice of a bifh..
and lub. to the houiV of A.ifVr'a. It
was bombarded by Marflul ViUeroy, ,
trie Frtinth general, when K. Wil-
li.<m III. bffiegcd Namur, and 2500
houlcs blown up aiul dtmolilhed in
43 hours, but it has fince been clc-
ganily lebuilr, and i»s agrce-iole fi.
tuation, With tlie rffidcDce of the
Viceroy, ocrafi' us a grt-at refort of
nobihty aiio gentry to this city.
Bx uton, VV, Ion. 2. 31;. lat, e,t*
i^ a market tovAn in Sunaeifetlhiti-,
fit. lO m. S. E. of We. Is.
Bk yansbr ipce, W. Ion, 8. 30,
|jt. 52. 31. a t)wn of Ireland, in
tl>c county of Clare and pr. of Con-
pau^ht, fit. on the river Shannon,
8 m. N. cf Limerick.
B u c H A N, a (hire of Scotland,
hav.n^ the German fe» on tht N,
and F. and the ihite of Mair on'«
tho S.
I
Nf.rr^;
B U
B U
the
rt of
BucHAW, E. Ion. g. 40. lat.
48. 5. a city of Suabia, in Germany,
fit. 25 m. S.W. of Ulm J an im-
perial city or free ftate, governed by
its own magiftrates.
BucHOREST, £. Ion. 26. 30.
lit. 44. 20. a town of Walachia,
fit. 60 m. S. of Tergowifco, fub. to
Turky.
BuoHORN, E. Ion. 9. 20* lat.
47. 40. a city of Suabia, fit. on
the £. Tk; of the lake of Condance,
12 m. £. of the city of Conftance,
i'ub. to the houfe of Auflria.
BUCKENHAM, E. loP.I.IO. lat.
52. 30. a market town of Norfolk,
9 in. E. of Tbctford.
Buckingham, W. Ion. i. lat.
51. 50. a borough town of Buck-
inghamfhire, fit. 46 m. N.W. of
London, and 10 N. W. of Ailef-
bury J fends two members to par-
liament,
Buckinghamshire, an Eng-
lifli county j has Northamptonlhire
on the Nt Bedford, Hertford, and
Middlefcx, on the E. Berkfliire,
from which it is divided by the ri-
ver Thames on the S. and Oxford-
Aire W.
Buckor, a pr. of the E. Indies,
in Afia, fit. on the river Indus, hav-
ing the pr. of Multan on the N. and
Tatta on the S. fub, to the Mogul.
Bu DA, £. Ion. 19. 20. lat. 47.
40. the capital city of Lower Hun-
gJiy, fit. 80 m. S. E. of Prelburg,
130 m. S. E. of Vienna, and iSo
m. N.W. of Belgrade. It lies on
the fide of a hill on the S.W. fide
of the river Danube, well fortified
3nd defended by a caflle, which
Hands on the top of the hill, cfleem-
fd one of the ftrongeft fortreflcs in
Hungary. It was taken by fiorm
from the Turks by the Germans,
commanded by the L). of Lorrain,
after a fiege of ten weeks, in the
>ear iCiS6 ; at which ficge were a
frcat many noble volunteers from
all the kingdoms of Europe, who
fignalized their courage and were
initiated in the art of war, particu-
larly the D, of Berwick and Lord
Cuts from England. The natural
baths of Buda, according to Dr.
Brown, were the fineft, and the
buildings and bathing rooms aboot
them the mod magnificent, in Eu-
rope, when the Turks pofielTcd
them, who lay out much more in
adorning their baths than their own
houfes.
BUDDESDALE, £. lon. 7. IO»
lat. 52. 25. a market town of Sisf-
folk, 13 m. N.E. of Bury.
BuDiNGXN, capital of a county
of the fame name, in Germany, in
the cir. of the Upper Rhine and Lan.
of Hefle, fit. 20 m. N. E. of Frank-
fort.
BuDOA, E. lon. 19. 20. lat. 42.
15. a city of Dalmatia, fit. on the
gulph of Venice, 8 m, N. W. of
Aotivari ; the fee of a bifii. It fuf-
fered much by an earthquake, anno
1667.
BuDWcis, E. Ion, 14. 20. lat.
49. a towri of Bohemia, fit. on the
river Muldaw, 65 m. S. of Prague,
fub. to the houfe of Aufiria.
BuDziACK Tartary, fit. on the
rivers Neifier, Bog, and Nieper, hav-
ing Poland and Kufifia on the N,
little Tartary on the E. the Black-
fea on the S. and Bcflerabia on the
W. the chief town Oczakow, fub*
to Turky.
BuEiL. See Boclio.
BuenAvre. See Bon Atri,
Buenos Aymes, W. lon. 60,
S. lat. 36. one of the moft confider*
able Spanifli p«rts in the pr. of La
Plata on the E. coaft of S Ameri-
ca, fit. on the S. fhore of the river
Plata, 50 leagues within the mouth
of it, and yet here the river is {e\tn
leagues broad. It is well fortified
and defended by a numerous artil-
lery } and hither are brought great
part of the treafures and merchan-
dize of Peru and Chili by the river
of Plate and other rivers, and ex-
ported to Spain } hither alfo the
EngliA factors ufed tu briag thnr
Ncgroe fiavcs when they had the
benefit of the Aifiento contra^, and
here thej were bought up by the
S{J4niardi
B U
B U
Spaniards and fent to their fettle-
ments in C!>i!i and Peru.
Bug, a iivcr whirh rifes in Rid-
RafTia, in Poland , uins northward
to Brefte, and then turni-ig weft-
ward, falls into th;.- Weifel, or Vi-
ftuli, below Wr-rfiw.
BuGiA, E. 1 in. 4. lat. 35. ^o. a
port town, caj-itil of a ter. of the
farrie name, in the K of Algiers,
fif. at the mo\ith of the river M.i-
jor, on a hay of the Mediterranean
fea, 60 n^, E. of the city of Al-
giers J the town is defended by a
caille, which was not able however
to defend the Algennc ffjtpping a-
giinft the Engii/h admiral Sir E.iward
Spragj:, who took and deftroyed fe-
vcral A'gerinc men of war under its
walls, anno 1671.
BuGEY, a ter. in France, being
the S. E. divifinn of Brefl'e, in
Burgundy, on the frontiers of Sa-
voy.
BuciK, E. Inn. 36. lat. 22. a
p^irt town of Egypt, fit. on the
weftcrn fhore of the red fea, almoft
oppofite to Ziden, the port town
ttf Mecca, and about 106 m. W. of
if.
BuHt, a litt'e fortrcfs lying on
tfie lines of Stolhoffen, in Sunbia,
6* m. S. E. of Stolhoffen, and 19
N. E. of Strafhurg, in Germany.
Bui. AC, E. Ion. 'i,z. lat. 30. a
town of Egypt, in Africa, fit. on
the E. Hiorc of the river Nile, a m.
W. of Grand Cairo, and the port
town to that city, containing about
4000 families. All veflels going up
and down the Nile make fome ftay
here. It is :i place of great tr.nde ;
here it is they cut the banks of
the Ni'e every year, that it may fill
their c.inals and overflow the neigh-
bouring grounds, without which the
foil couli produce neither grain nor
herbage.
B^'^.G.^p, E. Ion. 51. lat. 54.
capital cf the pr. of Bulgar, in
Riiirn, fit. on the river Wolga, i?o
Tt\. S. E. of Kafan, and 450 E. of
Mo'cow.
ButCARiA, a pr. of Turky, in
Europe, bounded by the river Da*
nub>', whith divires it from Wala-
v.nii nnd Moldavia on the N. by the
Blark-fea on the E. by R mania en
the S. and Servia on ihe W. The
chief city whereof is Nicopolis.
BuLLlNGBROKE. SecBoLlNG*
BROKE.
Bungay, E. Ion. j. 35. lat. 52,
35. a market town in Suffolk, fit.
on the river Wavenny, 32 m, N. E.
of Btiry.
BuNTiNcroRD, W. Ion. 5 rrin,
lat. ;;!. 55. a market town of Hert-
fordffiire, 12 m. N. of Hertford,
Buoy in the Nore. a buoy in the
mouth of the Thame?, placed there
todire£l mariners to avoid a dange-
rous fand,
Buq^uoi, E, Ion. 2. 40. lat. 50.
12, a town of the pr. ot Artois, in
the French Netherlands, fit. on the-
confines of Picardy, 9 in, W. of
Bapaume, and 12 m. E. of Dour-
lan«!.
BuRDiNEs, See BouRDiVK?,
Buret*, E. ion, 5. 20. lat. 52*
a town of the Betaw, in Du^cll<
Guelderland, fir, 16 m. W. of Ni-
meguen, capital of the ter. of Bu-
ren j which gives the title of Count
de Buren to the Prince of Orange.
Bur EN, £. Ion. 8. 25. lat. 51b
35. a town of the bifh. of Pader-
born, in Wcftphalia, in Germany^
5 m. S, of the city of Paderborn.
Bur FORD, W. Ion. i. 40. lat*.
51. 40. a market town of Oxford-
fljire, fit. 15 m, W. of Oxford ; gives
the title of Earl to the noble family
of Beauclerc,
Burg, E. Ion. 6. lo. lat. 52. a
town of Zutphen, in the Dutch
Netherlands, fit, on the old Illel,
18 m. K. of Nimcguen,
Burgles, in Tranfilvanla, E.
Ion. 22.40. lat. 47. .^o. fit. 30 m,.
N. of Cl.iufcnburg, fub. to the houfe
of Aiiftria,
Bur go. See Borgo.
Burgos, W. Ion. 4. 5. l.it. 42,
30, the capital of Old Caftile, in
Spain, fit. 1 10 m, N. of' Madrid.
Bur*
B U
B U
BuRGow, £. Icn. 10. 20. lat.
48. 30, the capital of the ter. of
Burgow, in Suabin, fir. 20 m. W.
of Augibarg, fub, to the houfe of
Auflria.
BjlRGUNDV, or BOURGOIGNE,
a pr. or government in France, hiv-
ing Champaign on the N. and Dau-
phin;; on the S.
BuRicK, E. Ion. 6. 5. lat. 51.
35. a town «f the D. ot Cleves, in
Weil^)hal;a, in Germany, fit. on the
river Rliine, 20 m. S. of Cleves,
fub. to PrulliJ.
nURMNGTON, ScC Br I DLING-
TON.
Burlington New, W. ,Ion.
74. lat. 40. 40. the capital of New
jcrfey, in N. America, fit, in an
ilhnd of Delawar river, 20 m. N.
of FJiiladelphia, having keys, to
, which fiiips of burthen come up,
and is a town of good trade } and
here the courts of juilice of tije pr.
are held.
BukNiSAM, E. Ion, 50 min. lat.
53. a market town of Norfolk, fit.
25 m. N.W. ot Norwich.
Burnley, W, Ion. 2. 5. lat.
53. 40. a market town of Lan-
cashire, fit, 27 m, S. E. of Lan-
cafter.
Bursa, or Prusa, E. Ion. 29,
lat. /^o. 30. the capital of Bytiiinia,
in Alia Minor, fit. in a fine fruit-
ful plain at the foot of mount Olym-
pus, 100 m, S, of Conftantinople.
The prefent inhabitants are a mix-
ture of Turks, Armenianr, Jews,
and Greeks ; it is watered by fo
many rivulets, which defcend from
mount Olympus, that every houfe
almoft has its fountain: the Ci'k of
the adjacent country is the beft in
Turlty J their workmen imitate the
European tapcftry, and they have
good wine and other provifions in
great plenty. The celebrated baths
of Cahpfa are within a mile of the
city, whither people from all coun-
tries refort to bo cured of their dif-
eafes. Mount Olympus in the neigh-
bourhood of this city is of a prodi-
gious height, tiic top barren, and
covered with fnow the gretacft part
of the year, but the valleys below
are warm, and produce all manner
of delicious fruits. This was the
feat of the TurkiHi empire before
they pafl'ed into Euro^ie, and is ftill
fub. to the Grand Signior,
Burton, W. Ion. i. 36. lat.
52. 48. a market town of Staf-
fordfliire, fit. on the river Trent,
18 m. E. of Stafford, where the
beft malt liquor in England '*s
brewed.
Burton, W. Ion. 30 min. lat.
53. 40. a market town of Lincoln-
fli'.re, fit. 30 m, N. of Lincoln.
buRTON, W. Ion. 2. 35. iat.
54. 10. a market town of Weft-
moreland, fit, 30 m. S.W. of Ap-
pleby,
Bury St. Edmunds, E. Ion,
45 min. lat. 52. 20. the county
town of Suffolk, fit. 12 m. E. of
Ncjwmirkct, and 70 m. N. E. of
London.
Bury, W. Ion. 2. 20. lat. 53,
36. a market town of Lancafliirc,
fit. 30 m, S. E. of Lancaftcr,
Bute rtiire in Scotland, confirts
of the iflands of Arran an^ Bute,
which lye in the Frith of Clyde, S,
of Argylefhirc.
BuTRiNTo, E. Ion. 20. 40. lat.
39, 45. a port town of the pr. of
Epirus, or Canina, in Tuiky, fir,
oppofite to the ifle of Corfu, at the
entrance of the gulph of Venice,
32 m, S. of Chimreri.
Button's bay, between 80^ and
100 degrees of W. Ion, and betvyeen
60 and 66 degrees of N. iat. The
N. part, of HuJi'on's bay in N.Anie-
rica, whereby Sir Thomas Button
attempted to difcover a N.W. paf-
fage alter Hudion mifcarricd, but
lolt his (hip in the attempt, and
came back in a Hoop he built m the
country.
Buxton "Wells, in the Peak in
Derbyihire, in great reputation for
their falutary effects.
BuxiupE. SeeBoxTUDE.
Buys, E. )on, 5. 20. Jar. 44.
Z^, a town of Dauphine, in France,
til.
C A
C A
fit, on the confines of Provence, 30
m. S. of Die.
Byghop, or Bygow, £. Ion.
30. lat. 53. a city of Lithuania, in
Poland, lit. on the river Nieper,
280 m. S. E. of Wilna.
Byzantium, the antient name
of Conftantinople, , . . ,
i%'
C A
CABENDA, E. Ion. tz. S. Jat.
4. u port roA'n of Congo, in
Atnca, fit. on the Tea coaft, 100 m.
S. E, of Loasigo, fjb. to Portugal.
Cabo deIstria, E. Ion. 14.
ao. lat. 45. 50, the capital of the
pr, of Iflria, in the tor. of Venice,
fit. on the coaft of the gulph of Ve-
nice, 12 m. S. of Tiiclle.
C A B u L, £ Ion. 69. lat. 33.
30. the capital of the pr. of Cabul,
on the N.W. of India. Both the
town and pr. were ceded to Kouli
Kan Sophi of Peifia, by the Mogul,
on his quitting the reft of his con-
quers in India, anno 17^9. This
town is fit. about 100 m. £. of Can-
dahor, in Perfia.
Caceres, W. Ion. 6. 45. lat.
39. 12. a town of Spain, in the pr.
of Eflremadura, fit. 17 m. S. £. of
Alcantara,
Cachao, or Kecio, E. Ion.
105. lat. 22. 30. the capital of the
K. of Tonquin, fit. on the W. fliore
of the river Domca, 100 m. N.W,
of the mouth of it. The town con-
fifts of about 20,000 houfes indif-
ferently built, but there are thrrc
royal palaces which make a tolerable
figure. The Englifli and other Eu-
ropcan nations have factories here,
where they purchafe fillcs and lac-
quered waic as in China.
Cadiz, W. Ion. 6.40, lat. 36.
30. a city and port town of the pr.
of Andalufia, in Spain, fit. at the
N.W. end of the tfiaud of Lcon| or
Lyon, oppofite to port St. Mary*s
on the continent, 270 m. S.W. of
Madrid, 60 m. S.W. of Seville,
and 40 m. N.W. of Gibraltar.
The ifland it ftands upon is in length
about 18 m. the S.W. end about
9 broad, and the N.W. end, where
the town ftands, is not z m. broad.
It has a communication with the
continent by a bridge, and with the
oppofite fliore forms a bay 12 m.
long and 6 broad, but about the
middle of the bay are two points of
land, one on the continent and the
other on the ifland, fo near together
that the forts upon them, called
the Puntal and Matagorda, com-
mand the paflage ; and within thef'e
points is the harbour, which it is
impoflible for an enemy to enter,
till he has taken thefe forts j and
for this reafon the Englifli, anno
1702, landed on the continent near
St. Mary's, in order to attack the
Puntal, which not being able to re-
duce, they rc-imbarked without ef-
fecting any thing j but the earl of
Eflex had better fuceefs in the year
1596, when he landed on the ifland,
took the town, plundered it of a
prodigious treafure, and burnt the
galleons in the harbour. The city
has about 5000 houfes in it, and
the beft foreign trade of any town
in Spain, for the galleons annually
take in their loading Here, and return
hither with the treafures and rich
merchandize of Peru and Mexico.
Cadiz is the fee of a bifli.
Cadorin, a pr. of Italy, in the
ter. of Venice, bounded by the bfli.
of Brixcn on the N. by Friuli on the
£. by the Bcllunefe on the S. and
by the Trentin on the W.
Cadsand, an ifland on the coaft
of Dutch Flanders, at the mouth
of the river Schcld, which gives the
Dutch the command of the naviga-
tion of that river,
Caen, W. Ion. 25 min. lat. 49.
20. the capital of the cv. of Caen,
in the pr. of Normandy, in Francr,
fir, on the river Orne, 75 m. W. cf
Rouen, 30 m, S.W. of Havre de
3 Grace,
C A
C A
Grace, and loo W. of Paris. It is
a trading town, having a communi-
cation with the EngliHi channel that
lies 7 m. N. of it, and the inha-
bitants are computed to amount to
40,000 fouls. It is the fee of a bifh.
and a univ. William K . of England,
ufually flylcd the conqueror, was bu>
ried here, in the abbey of St. Ste-
phen's, which he founded,
Caerfilly, W, Ion. 3. 15.
lat. 51. 35. a town of Glamorgan-
fiiire, 5 m. N. of LandafF.
Caerleon, W. Ion. 3. lat. 51.
4.0. a market town of Monmouth-
fliire, fit. on the Uikc, 16 m. S.W.
of Monmouth.
Caerwis, W. Ion, 3. 25, lat.
53. 20. a market town in Flintfliire,
in N.Wales, 5 m. E. of St.Afaph,
and 4 W. of Flint.
CiCSARiA, a town of Paledine
anciently, and the name of many
other towns in Ada, of which there
are now no remains, or they have
changed their names.
Caff A, or Kaffa, E. Ion. 37.
lat. 44. 55. a city and pnrt town in
Tarky, fit, on the S. E. part of the
Peninfi'la of Crim Tartary, 70 m.
S. £. oF Bachiferai ; a town of the
belt trade and buildings in the coun-
try, having formerly been fubjeft to
the Genoelc, but now to the i'urks.
It gives name to the ftraits of Kaffa,
which run from the Euxine Tea to
the Palus Meotis.
Caffraria, a ter. on the S.
of Africa, lying in the form of a
crefcent about the inland country of
Monomotapa, between 35 S. lat.
and the tropic of Capricorn, bound-
ed on the E. S. and W. by the In-
dian and Atlantic oceans ; inhabited
chiefly by the Hottentots, but moft
of the fea-coafts fub. to the Dutch,
who have built a town and caflle
ne:ir the moft fouthern promontory,
called the Cape of Good Hope.
Caglt, E. Ion. 14. lat. 43. i;.
a town of the pr. of Urbino, in the
Pope's dominions in Italy, fit. 50 m,
W. of Loretto, and 25 m. S. of Ur-
bino. The lee of a biA.
Caomari, E. Ion, 9. 12, lat,
39. the capital of the ifland of Sar-
dinia, fit. on a bay of the Mediter-
ranean fca, on the S. part of »he
ifland, 180 m. N,W. of Palermo^
in Sicily, and 260 S.W, of Rome,
reduced with the whole ifland by the .
Englifh, anno 1708, and transferred
to the late Emperor Charles VI,
retaken by the Spaniards, annoi7i7f
but by a treaty amon^ the European
powers two years after, ceded to the
D. of Savoy, then K. of Sicily, with
part of the Milanefe, in lieu of Si-
cily } and the hcufe of Savoy flill
retains this city and ifland, with
the title of K, of Sardinia, Cag'iari
is the fee of an archb. the feat of the
viceroy, and a univ,
Cahors, £. Ion. I. lat. 44. 2f.
the capital of the ter. of Querci, in
the pr. of Guienne, in France, fit.
on the river Lot, 45 m. N. of Tho-
loufe, and 40 m. N.W. of Alby,
The fee of a bifli. and univ.
Cajanaburg, E. Ion. 27. lat.
63. 50, the capital of the pr. of
Cjjania, or E. Bothnia, in Sweden,
fit. on the M.E. part of the lake
Cajania, 300 m. N. E. of Abo.
Cajazzo, E. Ion. 15. lat. 41,
15. a town in the pr. of Lavoro, in
thcK. of Naples, fit. 16 m. N.E. of
Naples.
Caifum, E. Ion. 113, 30, lat.
35. a city of China, in the pr. of
Honan, fir, on tht river Crocceus,
350 m. N.W, of Nanking.
Caiman Islands, fit. between
81 and 86 degrees of W. Ion. and
in 21 degrees of N. lat, moft con-
fiderablc for the fifliery of Tortoifes,
which the Jamaica men take here,
and carry home alive, keeping them
in pens for food, and killing them
as they want them. Thefe iflands
lye S. of Cuba, and N»W. from
Jamaica.
Cairo, Grand, E, Ion. 32,
lat. 30. the capital of Egypt, in
Africa, is fit. in a plain at the foot
of a mountain, z m, E. of (he bank
of the river Nile, and loo m. S,
of the mouth of that river. Th*
O town
C A
C A
tovn'n is lo m. in circumference,
and may contain a million of inha-
bitants, and fome have computed
riiem at five millions, which mull be
a niiflake, though 'tis certain they
art very numerous, 30 or 40 pea-
pTe frequently lodging in one houfe.
'I'heir private buildings make a mean
appearance on the out fide, but are
often very richly furnifted and a-
ddrned within, and their chief
mofques or temples very magnifi-
cent. The callle ftands on the top
of a hill on the S. fide of the city,
and is 3 m. round, of great anti-
quity, but hardly fo ancient as the
natives give out, who imagine it
was built by the Patriarch Jo.epli,
and (hew a well near the top cf it
near 300 foot deep, to wliich they
have given the name of Jofeph's
well, and is the only well alnioft
in the country. There is a grand
Bazar, or market-place, in the mid-
dle of the city, but the fireets are
generally narrow, except the Kha-
|.^ lis, or Grand Canal, which runs
through the middle of it from one
erid to the other, into which they
let the water of the river Nile when
it rifes to a certain height, and from
this canal the water is let into others
and diftributed to the adjacent fields
and gardens. The Khalis remains
dry one half of the year, and appears
a fpacious ftreet. The plague ufually
\ifits Cairo onoe in 3 or 4 years, and
is obferved to decreafe as the waters
of the NileriJe. Either en the fite
of this city, or near it, it is fuppofed
that ancient Egyptian Babylon ftood.
The Eiiglilh' and other Europeans
have their contuls and factors here
at this day, for the pr. te^lion and
management of the Turky trade on
thai fide.
Caxroan, E. Ion. 9. lat, 36. a
town of the K. of Tunis, in Africa,
fit. on the river Magrida, 80 m. S.
©f Tunis.
Calabria, the moft S.W. pr.
of Naples, in Italy.
Calahorra, W, Ion. s. Jat.
42. 25. a city of Old Caflile, ia
Spain, fit. on the river Ebro, near
the confines of Navarre, 90 m. E.
of Burgos, and 60 m. N. W. of
Saragofla.
Calais, E. Icn. 2. Jat. 51. the
caoiial of the Pais Reconquis, in the
pr. of Picardy, in France, fit. on
the coaft of the Engli/h channel,
22 m. S.E. of Dover, 140 N. of
Paris. Taken by Edward III. K,
of England, anno 13^7, and loft in
the reign of Q^Mary, anno 1557.
It was anciently a good harbour,
but is fo choaked op that it will not
admit of any velTels of burthen at
prelent. The town is well fortified,
and a citadel comniamis both town
and country, but its gieateJl ftrengih
is in its fituation among the marfhes*
It rtiay be overflowed on the approach
of an er.emy j there is a canal run-
ning from it to St. Omers, Grave*
line, Dunkirk, Bergucs and Ypres.
It cunfifts but of one parifli, and
yet the mhabitants are computed at
4000.
Calatajud, W. Ion. 2. 5. lat.
41. 15. a city of Arragon, in Spain,
fit. on the river Xalo, 50 m. W, of
Saragofla.
Calatrava, W, Ion. 4. 20,
lat. 39, a city of New Caftile, in
Spain, fit. on the river Guadiana, 45
m. S. of Toledo, and So m, S. of
Madrid, It gives name to an order
of knights in Spain.
Calcada, or St. Domingo
DE Calcapa, a city of Spain, in
the pr. of Old Caftile, W. Ion. 3,
lat. 42. 36. 48 m. E. of Burgos.
Cai. CAR, E. Ion. 5. 50. lat. 51,
45. a town of the D, of Cleves, in
the cir. of Weftphalia, in Germany,
fub. to PruHia,
Calcedon, E. Ion. 19. lat,
41. 30. a city of Bythinia, in the
Lefler Afia, once the capital of the
country, flood on the Afian fide of
the Bofphorus, or ftrait of Conftan-
tinople, oppofite to that city, and
neai the place where the feraglio
or palace of Scutari now ftands.
Here the 4th general council was
held, anno 45 1> and it made a great
figure
C A
C A
20.
, in
I 45
. of
Older
fgure at that time, but is now
dwindled to a little village.
Cai. ciNATo, a fmall town in
the D. of Mantua, in Italy, fit, lo
m. S. of the lake Dc Garda, moft
remarkable for a defeat of the Im-
perialifts by the French, command-
ed by the D, of Vcndofme, anno
1706.
Caledonia, W. Ion. 79. lat.
8. a fcttlement the Scots made 01
the W. fide of the gulph or river
of Darien, in S. America, anno
1698. It Hoed on a peninfula in-
acccflible almoft to an enemy, and
from whence they could not have
been driven by the Spaniards, if
the Englifh E. India company had
not made an intereft in the Englifli
court to prohibit their colonies in
America affording them any piovi-
fions or afliftancej wliich orders ob-
liged them, anno 1700, to abandon
a colony that would have been of
infinite fervice to Great-Britain in
the lite wars. Caledonia alfo was
the ancient name of part of Scot-
land,
Calenburg castle, E. Ion,
9. 40. lat. 52. 20. capital of the D,
of Ca!enburg, in Lower Saxony, in
Germany, fit. on the river l.eine,
15 m. S. of Hanover, and f«b. to
the D. of Brunfwicic Lunenburg,
EleAor of Hanover and K. of Eng-
land,
Calicoulan, orQuiLON, E.
Ion. 75. lat. 9. a town on the Ma-
labar coaft, on the hither peninfula
of India, fit. 150 m, S, of Calicut.
Here the Dutch have a factory.
Calicut, E. Ion, 75, lat. 11.
20. a town fit. on the Malabnr coafl:
in the hither peninfula of India, in
Afia, 300 m. S. of Goa. and 320
m. S.W, of Fort St, George, fub.
to its own Prince j but the Englifti
have a fa£lory here, from whence
they import pepper and other Indian
merchandize. This was the firft
land the Portuguefe difcovered in
India, when they found the way
by the Cape of Good Hope, anno
X498.
Callen, W. Ion. 7. 22. !af. ^z.
2i;. a town of Ireland, in the cc, of
Kilkenny and pr. of I. ei niter, fit.
10 m. S.W. of Kilkenny.
Callikokma, is /it. between
116 and 138 degrees of W. Ion. ami
between 23 and 46 t. ' rt:es of N.
lat. It lies alniofl in the form of a
cone reverftd, and is enlier an ilUnd
or peninfula, moft probably the Ut-
ter, which has the Pacific Oieati on
the N.W, and S. and the golph of
Calliffjrnii, which feparates it itonv
the Mexico's on the E. un'.efs it be
joined to that continent by a njrrow
ifthmus on the N.W. '1 he Spa-
nifh miflionaries from Mexico have
lately vifitcd mofl parts of C.iili-
fornia, and made many Profelite"; to
Chriftianity, who acknowledge the*
K, of Spain for their fovereij:n j atui
they tf^iate that it is a fine fertile
country, producing all the nccef-
faries and conveniences of Ijfe, Sir
Fiancis Drake in his voyage rourul
the world, vifitcd theN.V/. part of
this country, and took pofTeflicn of it
in the name of Qj_EHzabeth, but the
EnglilTi never attempting to fettle any
cwlonies there fince, it may be efteein-
cd fub, to the K. of Spain.
Callitajud. See Calata-
jun.
CallaOjW. Ion. 76. S. lat. i2»
a port town fit. in a little iHand on
the coaft of Peru, in S, America,,
oppofite to Lima, and is the port to
■hat capital ; deftroyed by an earth-
c lake in October 1746.
Calloo, E. Ion, 4. 15. !at. 5T..
15. a fortrcfs in Auftrian Flanders,,
fit. 5 m. W. of Antwerp.
Calmar, E. Ion. 16. lat. 56.
40. a town in the ter. of Smdand,.
capital of the pr. of Gothland, in
Sweden, fit. on the coaft of the Bal-
tic fca, 40 m. N. of Carelfcroon,
and 155 S. of Stockholm.
Calmucks, wandering tribes
or hords of Tartars, who inhabit
tlie country N. of the Cafpian
fea, and fometimes put themfelves
under the protection of RufTia, vi-
£ting the city of Ailracan and the
C z adja-^
C A
C A
adjacent country once or twice a
year.
Calne, W. Ion. 2. lat, 51. 30.
a borough town in WihAiire, 20 m.
N. of Saiiibury j fends two members
to parliament.
Calpe mountain, W. li-n. 6.
lat. 36. at the foot wh.'ieot Gibr.ii-
ter, in the pr. of Andhlufm, in Spa n,
itands. It was anciently one (f the
pillars of Hercules, the other being
Ahyhy on the oppofite toaft of
A'rica. This mountain or rock of
CaJpe, which covers Gibralter on
the land fide, is half a league in
iieight, and fo Aeep that there is no
approaching on that fide ; where-
upon the Spaniards when they be-
fieged Gibralter, anoo 1727, at-
tempted to undermine the rock and
blow it up, but it was found im-
praOicable.
Calvi, £. Ion. 14. 45. lat. 41.
15. a town of the pr. of Lavoro,
in Naples, fit. near the fea, 15 tn.
N. Qf Naples. The Tee of a bifb.
Calvi, £. Ion. 9. 5. lat. 42.
16. a port town of the ;
Corlica, £t. on a bay on the W.
of the m^i, 40 m. S. W. of
Baftia.
Cam river, antiently called Grant,
rifes in Hertford/hire, aiid running
N.C> by Cambridge, afterwai^ds con-
tinues its courfe northwards to the
ifle of Ely, where it fall* into the
fiver Oufe.
Cambaia, E. Ion. 72. lat, 23.
30. a city of the pr. of Cambaia,
9r Cuzarat, in the hither peninfula
of India, in i^fia, iit. at the bot-
tom of the gulph of Cambaya, 150
m. N. of Surat, and 500 m. S.W.
of Dclly $ a very large city, and had
cnce a great trade, which is now
temoved to Surat, It is fub. to the
Mogu^
Camdodia, E. Ion. 104. lat.
\i, 30. the capital of a K. of the
fame name in India beyond Ganges,
in Afia, fir. near the weflern Chore
of the river Mecon, about 150 m,
"ii. of the mouth of that river.
Cam|}odia K., extends from, the s|h
iJ of
. n je
to the 15th degree of N. bt. being
bounded by the K. of Laos on the
N. Cochin China and Chiampa, on
the £. the Indian ocetn on the S.
anu the bay of Siam on the W. A
country annually overflowed in the
rainy feafun, viz. between June and
October, as muft countries are which
lie within the tropic of Cancer and
N. of the Equator, producing rice
and fuch fruits as are uiually found
between the tropics.
Cambray, E. lonv 3. 15. lat,
50. 15. the capital city of the Cam-
briefis, in the French Netherland?,
fit. on the river Scheld near its fouicey
14 m. S.W, of Valenciennes, and
22 m. S. £. of Douay. It is a large
well built city, and Aands in a fruit-
ful country, confiderable for its Iin«
nen manufaAory, efpecially cam-
brics, which took their name fro|n
hence. It is well fortified and de«
fended by two citadels, and as the
country about it may be overflowed,
. it is looked upon to be one pf the
ilrongeil towps in tl;ie Low Coun-
tries. It is the fee of an aiciib.
and fub. to the French, >^ho took
it in the year 1677 from the Sp^*
niards.
Cambridcx, E. Ion. 5 min.
lat. 52. 15. the capital of the co*
of Cambridge, fit. en the river Cam,
55 m. N. of London, and 60 m. N.
£. of Oxford, moft confiderable fpr
its univerfity, >vhich is very ancient,
founded probably during the Heptar-
chy, foon after Chriftianity came to
be the religion of this part of the
ifland. There are in Cambridge at
firefent, 16 colleges, 14 parifhes, a-
bout 1500 fiudents of all forts, and
6000 inhabitants in the town.
Cambridge new, W. Iob. 70.
4, lat. 42. a town of New- Eng-
land in N. America, fit. 3 m. W. of
3oAon. A univ. confiding of three
colleges.
CAMELroRD, W. Ion. 5. lat.
50. 40. a borough town of Corn-
wal, fit. 20 m. W. of Launcef-
ton J fends two members to p;)r-
liamcor*
CaM£-
C A
C A
Cameret bay, in the pr. cf
Britany, in France, tornris the har-
bour of Breft, a Nation for a fqua-
dron of i'rench men of war,
CAMEROiN CAPE, a promoHtory
on the N. part of the pr. of Hon-
duras, in N. America.
Caminec. SeeKAMiNEC.
Caminha, W. Ion. 9, 20. lat,
41, 50. a porL town of I'ortugal, in
the pr. of E:itrc-miiiho-duero, fit. at
the mouth of the river Minho, 10 m.
. N, of Viana.
Cammin, E. Ion. 15. lat. 54.
a port town of Brandenburg Porae-
rania, in Germany, fit. on the eafl-
ern mouth of the river Oder, op-
pofite to the ille of WoUin, 30 m.
N. oi Stetin.
Campania, E. Ion. 15. 30.
lat, 40. 45. a city of the Hither
Principatc, in Naples, fit. 35 m.
S. E. of Naples city. The fee of a
biilu
Camp AN' I A of Rome, is a ter.
in the Pope's dominions, extending
from the city of Rome S, E. as far
as the frontiers of the K. of Naples,
lying along the coaft of the Mediter-
ranean,. 60 m, and upwards.
C A M p B E L town, W. Ion. 5.
JO, lat. 55« 35. a port and parlia-
ment town of Scoti.md, fit, on the
B. coaft of Cantire in the (hire of
Argyle, 10 m. W. of the ifle of
Arran.
Campeachy, W. Ion. 93. lat.
19. fit. on the W. coaft of the pr.
cf Jucatan, on the bay or gulph of
Mexico, in N. America, defcniied by
a good wall and fort?, and yet was
twice taken by the Buccaneers,, viz.
in the years 1650 and 1678.
Camp PEN, W". Ion. 1. 50. ht.
52. a market town in Gloucefter-
ihire, lit. 18 ni. N, E. ef Glou-
tefter. r?-' -r;
Campen, E. Ion. 5-40. ht. 5a.
35. a port town in the pr. of Over-
iflei, in the United Netherlands,
fit. near the mouth cf the river
l/Icl and Zuyder foa, 42 m. N. E.
of Amftcrdam, and. za N, U' Dc-
■y&ater,.
Campo major, W. Ion. 7. 25,.
lat. 38. 45. a town in the pr. i)t
Alen-tejo, jn Portugal, fit. 10 m* N.
of Elvas, and 11 m, N.W. of Ba-
dajux.
Campredon, £. Ion. 2. lat. 42*
20. a city of Catalonia, in Spam,
fit. 50 m, N» of Barcelona, on the
river Ter, ^-i-
Canada, or New Franco, in
N. Aa>erica, is bounded by EH-:!.
maux, or New-Britain, and the IJri-
tifh colonics on Hudlon's bay on
the N. and by the river of St, Law*
rence, the Iroqiois or live India a
nations, the Huion and Illonois lak^'i
on the E. and S. and by unknown
lands on the W. the chief towj«
whereof is Quebec.
CANARits, anciently called the
fortunate ill.mds, are 7 in number,
fit. between 12 and 21 degrees cf
VV. ion. and between 27 and 29
degrees of N. lat. in the Atlantic
ocean, the moft eafterly of thoni
about J 50 m. from cape Ncn, en
the coaft of BileduJgerid, in Afric;u
Canary proper, \vh;ch gives its
name to the reft, is lit. in 16 d-
grecs of W. Ion. and between 27
and 28 degrees of N. lat, and in
about J 50 m. in circumference j
the chief town Palma, from vvhencc
comes the excellent palm-fack we
meet witli, for the chief produce
of thefe iflands arc thofe rirli winei,
which from them have obtain'd tlic
name of Canary wines, a^id of thelh
'tis computed ten thouland hogi-
heads are fent annually to Britain in
time of peace. They may be well-
called the fortunate ifiands allu,
from the purenefs and temper3tcr.«("s
of the air, which in this v.-aini cli-
mate is conftantly rcfrclhcd witli
cuol Tea breeze?. They were ilr I:
difcovered by the Carthaginians, but
lay c-onrcaled afterwards for many
2ges from the reft of the world,,
till they were agiin diirovereil,
anno 1405, by the Spaniards, wh:;
remain in polleflion oi them at thia
day. There were then fome j eo--
pIc oa.thtfe illands, but couiu no.
G. 3, tul:
t-
C A
C A
tell which was their mother catjn-
try, or indeed whether there were
any other countries ; nor did their
language, roapners or cuftoms, re-
icmble their neighbours on the cun«
tinents of Atrlca or Europe, or any
«ther part of the world, but they
were of an olive complexion, like
the people on the coait of Barbary,
in Arrica.
Canoahor, E.lon. 67. lat. 33.
capital ot a ter. of the fame name,
formeriy fub. to the Mogul, but at
|>refent to Peifia, fit. 450 m, N»W.
of Lahor, and 500 m. S.W. of Mef-
ched* Afia.
Camdi A illanj, the ancient Crete,
is fit. between 22 and 27 degrees of
X. Ion., and between 35 and 36 de-
grees of N. lat. in the Mediterranean
Sea, having the Archipelago oh the
N. Ali-i'Minor or Natolia on the
N. E. the Morca oil the N.W. dnd
Africa on tlie S. generally reckoned
to lie in Afia. There is no conG-
derable river in the ifland, but many
little rivulets, uf which Lethe is one
of the largetl; and here is the c Je-
brated mount Ida^. which cakes up
great part of the middle of the iOanil,
and notwithstanding the iine defcrip-
tions we meet with of it in the an-
cient poets, it is only a huge barren
lock, deilitutc of trees and herbage,
though the valleys beneath are well
jreplenifhed with all manner of ex-
i4Miii|^nt fruits, and the villages nu-
Cx^f^iA^ or Mutium, E. Ion.
35. lat, 35. 30. the capital of tlie
ifland of Candia, is fit. on the fca
coaft 00 the N. fide of the i^and in
• ftlain at the loot of the mountain ;
once an excellent harbour, but now
choaked up fo that only fmall velfels
can approach it. It is but the fke-
leton of a tity now, which was large
and well peopled while fubjedl to the
Venetians, when it had a flourifliing:
trade, and was celebrated for its-
Drength. and beauty, but is at prefent
a heap of ruins, in which condition
H haa remained ev^r fince it was
takea.ii^ the.Turic5> aano i(tQ^y af*
ter it had endured a (lege of twice
the duration of that of 'i'roy, hav-
ing been fiormed hfty^lix times, and
near two hundred thoufand 'lurks
killed under its walls. It is ftill fub.
to the Turks.
Candish, a ^r. of the Hither
India, in Atia, bounded by Chitur
and Malva on the N. Orixa on the
£» Decanon the S. and Gui^arat on
the W. fub. to the Mogul.
Candy, E. Ion. 79. lat. 8. the
capital of the idand of Ceylon, in
India^ fit. in the middle of the
ifland, fub. to the K. of Ceylon.
Canza, £. ion. 24. lat. 35. 36,
isa feaport town on theN. fide of
Candia, efteemed the fecond in the
idand, and fit^ 100 m. W, of the
city of Candia. It is a pretty good
harbour^ but the fortihcations as
much oMt of repair, as they are in>
the other towns of Candia and in all
the Grecian ifLnds, fubjc^t to the
Turks.
Can £ TO, E. Ion. 10. 50. Jat»
45. a fortified town of Mantua, in
Italy,' fit. on the Oglio, iz m, S..
W, of Mantua,, feveril times taken
and retaken in the late Wars^ now
fub. to Auilria..
C*NG ^ulgh or fea, lies between-
China and Tartary, at the £. end
of the long wall. Afia..
Can IN A, or Epirus, fit. on the
E; fide of the entrance of the gulph
of Venice, having Albania on the
N.W. and Theflaly on the S.E,.
and is a pr. of Turky in Europe.
Canobia, E.lon.8. 50. lat. 46..
a town of ^kaly, in the D. of Milan,
fit, on the W. fide of the lake
Maggiore, 30 m. W..of Como.
Canonor, E. Ion. 75. lat. io«
a town on the Malabar coaft of In-
dia, in Afia, where the Dutch have
a fort and fadlory they took from
the Portuguefe, anno 1663..
Canorin isl«. See Salest.
Can so, W. Ion. 6a. lat. 46. a
port town of Acadie^ or New-Scot*
laud, in>N. America, fit. on a nar-
row firait whichi feparatea Acadie
(ioai Ci^ Breton j near tius town'
id
C A
C A
19 a fine finiery for cod-fiAi, which
the French of Cape-Breton interrupt
when we are at war with tliem*
Cantabri, the ancient inha>
bitanti of ISifcay and {h& northern
provinces of Spain.
CANTr.RjBUHY, E. Ion. i. 15.
Jat. 51. 16. the capital city of tiie
CO. of Kent, $5 m. E. of London,
an J 16 m. N, W, of Daveri being a
CO. of itfelf, and an archb. the me-
tropolitan fee of the K. and founded
by Auguftin the monk, by the autho-
rity of Hope Gregory, and permiiTion
of Ethclbiert Kit^g of Kent, whom
Auilin converted to chridianity about
the year 598. It is a laige populous
trading city, and has a good iiik ma-
aufadtory, introduced by the Wal-
loons and French in the reign of
Queen Elizabeth, being driven out of
their country on account of religion.
This city fends two members to par-
liament.
Cantin Cape, a promontory
in the Atlantic ocean, on the . coalt
of Morocco, in Afr.ca, fit. in to de-
grees W. Ion. and 33 N. lat.
Cant IRE, a peninfuia of Scot-
land, (Iretching into the Iriih fea W.
of the ide of Arran.
Canton, E. Ion. iia. 30. lat.
23.. 25. a large populous wealthy
city and port town of the pr. of
Quantum or Canton in China, in
Aiia, fit. on the river Ta, 50 m.
from, the Indian ocean, upwards cf
a thoufand m. S*. of the capital city
of Pekin,. Canton is a very fecure
and commodious hatbour, and the
only port at prefefit to which the
European merchants refort, and
from whence they import raw and
wrought filks, China ware, tea, ca-
binets, and other lacquered ware,
gold duft, copper, rhubarb, &c.
This city is walkd and fortified, and
is faid to exceed all the cities cf
Afia, in temples, courts and pala-
ces^ and muft be immenfely rich, all
the trarte of. this large empire with.-
the European nations,, centring here,.
NotwittL&anding. theirtude with the
CHriAians is fo confidcntble, they
will not Aiffer a Chriliian to come
within the walls of the town ; they
are admitted na farther than the
fuburbs, ■ , / , ^..
Ca N T ON s, the provinces of Swit-
serland fo called.
Cantz, or Canth, £. Ion. 16*
40. Jat. 51. 6. a town of Sileha, 6>
m. W. or Bredaw.
Caorlo^ E. Ion. 13. lat. 46.
an Italian iiljnJ, at the bottom of
the gulph of Venice, fit. 20 miles
S. W, of A(;iuileia, fubjeft to Ve-
nice.
Capacia, E. Jon. 15. 16. laf.
40. 40. a town of Italy, in the
kingdom of Naples, and Hither Prin-
cipate, fit. 16 m. S. of Salerno.
Cape • or - GOOD- HOIK. See
BoN ESFERANCS.
Cape COAST -CASTLE, under
the mecadian of London, lat. 5. the
principal fort and fettlement of the
Enghfh on the geld coafl of Guiney,
in Africa.
CAPzaqjoiN, W,. Jon,. 7. 50.
lat. 52. 5. a town of Ireland, in the
cc. of Waterford, and pr. of Mun-
flcr, fit. on the river Blackwater,
13 m. N. of Youghail.
Cape-palmas, W. Ion. 8. lat.
5. a promontory on the ivory coaft
of Guiney, in Africa^
Cape-tres-points,, W« Jon,
3. lat. 5. a promontory on the gold
coaft of Guiney.
Cape-verd, ,Ws Ion. 18.. lat».
15. a promontory of Negroland, in
Africa.
Cape.BretTon. See Bit£T0N>
Cape.
Other remarkable capes will be
found under their proper names.
Ca pit AN ate, a pr. of Naples,
fit. on the Gulph of Venice, having
the pr. of Mblife on the. N. and
the Piincipate on the S,,
Cappacia, E. Ion. 15.20. lat,.
40. .40. a town in the Hiiher Prin-
cipate, in Naples, fit. 55 m. S. £*.
ot the city of Naples.. A bifbcp's
ieei.
C A
C A
Cappadocia, a pr. ofTutky,
fart of Natolia, or the Jefler Afia.
Capraia, £. Ion. ii. lat. 43.
15. an idand of the Tufcan Tea, fit.
30 m. S. W. of Leghorn.
Caprarola, £. Ion. 13. lat.
42. 30. a town of St. Peter's pa-
trimony, in Italy, fit. 2C m. N. of
Rome, and 8 S. of Vitctbo, The
iee of a biHi.
Capri, or Cafrea, a city and
idand, £. Ion* 14. 50. lat. 40. 45.
fit. at the entrance of the gulph of
Naples, 3 m. W. of the continent,
rirul 20 m. S. of the city of Naples,
'riie ifland is 4 m. long and one
broad, the W. end of it a vaft high
rock, inacceflible by fea, on which
is the town of Caprea. The rock
is covered with a fruitful foil, pro.
d'jcing corn and all manner of de-
licious fruits. This ifland the Em-
peror Auguftus chofc for his rctire-
irent, and it was the refidence of
Tiberius feveral yesrs, where he is
faid to have had palaces and ploa-
fure; hoofes fuiiable to every feafon
•f tJ c year, with a great variety of
gard ns and groves, but the works
under ground were the mofl extraor-
dinary, the rocks were all umler-
mined, and there were grottos, gal-
leries, hi|h-way«, bagnios and fub-
teiraneous retirements fuitablc to his
taik, which, with the magnificent
buildings on the furface, made it ap-
pear like one continued city at a di-
flance, of which there ftill remains
great ruins. Thefe works having
been dcmoliflicd by the Romans af-
ter the death ofTibcriu?, in detcila-
tion, 'tis f.iid, of the unnatural fccncs
that had been aited there. The
city of Caprca is the fee of a bifb.
at prcftnt.
Capua, E. ion. 15. lat. 41. 20.
a city of the pr. of Lavoro, in Na-
ples, fit, on the river Voiturno, 6
jn. E. ot the fe.i coaft, 15 m. N, E,
of th;: lily of Naules, and ico m,
S. £. of Rome, It is a declining
city, IiHt I'leaCi-ntly Htuatcd in a fine,
pl.un, wlitrc n.; fnib.il fin.i \\'\s cfll-
cc/s ate cwiiTuicd foi' Uiilim away
their time, while the Roitians re-
covered from their confternation af-
ter the battle of Cannx. It is the
ice of an archb, at prefent.
Caracaos, or Cur as sow, W,
Ion. 67. lat. 10. 30. a town on the
coaft of Terra-Firma, in S. Ame-
rica, to which it gives its name, and
where the beft Cacao or Chocolate
nuts ^row»
Caramania, a pr, of Turky,
fit, in the S, part of the Leiler Af)i>,
on the Mediterranean fea. . -• >
Car A VANS confift of great num-
bers of camels and horfes loaden
with mcrchandife, which travel over
the defarts of Afia and Africa.
Caravanseras, houfes built
on the great roads through Turky,
Perfia, and other eaftern countries,,
for the reception of travellers, w4io
have the liberty of lodging in therei
and drefllng their own provifions
gratis J they arc ufually built in tJie
form of a fquare, and have a pi.izza
or cloyfter under them.
Car CASS ONE, £. Ion. 2. lat,
43, 20, a town of the pr. of Lan-
guedoc, in France, fit. on the river.
Aude, 25 m. W. of Narbonne, tl>c
fee of a biih,
Cardiff, W. Ion, 3. 20. lat.
51. 30. a borough town of Glamor-
g.inftiirf, in S, Wales, fit. on the
river Tave, 2 m, S. E. of Landaft'j
fends one member to parliamait.
Cardigan, W, Ion. :. 40.
lat. C2. 15. the capital of Cardigan-
ihirc, near the mouth of the river
Tivy and the Irifli channel, 1700).
W. of London, and 30 m. N. of
Pembrokr, gives title of TLin\ to the
nuble family of BrudcncI, and fends
one member to parliament.
Car DONNA, £. Ion. i. 20. lat.
41. 35. a city of the pr, of Cata-
lonia, in Spain, fit. on the river
Cardonna, 40 m, N. W, of Bar-
celona,
Carduel, a pr, of Georgia, in
AGn, between the Euxine and the
Cafpian fcas, divided betwctn the
Turks and TcifiattS*. The capital
Tcflis^
Carj^
C A
C A
Carzi. lA, a pr. of Finland,
bounded by the pr. of SavoJaxia on
the N. and by the gulph of Finland
on the S. formerly fub. to Sweden,
but yielded to tlie Ruffians by late
treaties. The capital city Wibourg,
till Peterfburg, the metropolis of
Ruflia, was part of it built on the
coaA of Carelia.
Carelscroon. £. Ion. Z5> lat.
56. 20. a port town of Bleking, in
the pr. of Gothland, in Sweden, fit.
on the coaft of the Baltic ; an ex-
cellent harbour, where the Swedes
lay up their royal navy.
Carpntan, W. Ion. i, 15. lat.
49. 20. a town of Normandy, in
France, fit. at the mouth of the
river Carentan, fiear a bay of the
Englirti channel, 17 m. N, of Cou-
tancr, and 95 W. of Roiien.
Caresen, or Casssen, E. Ion.
52. lat. ]6. a fea-port town of Art-
bia Felix, in Afia, lit. on the Indian
oce^n, 300 ni. N. E. of Aden.
Cargap.ql, or KARCArot,
capital of a ter. of that name, in the
pr. of Owina, in Mufcovy, fit. in
£. Ion. 36. lat. 63. i»o m. S. W*
«f Archangel.
Cariati, E> Ion. 17.20. lat.
39. 20. a town of the Hither Cala-
bria, in Italy, fit. on the gulph of
Tatento, 17 m. N. of St. Sevcrino.
The fee of a bi/b.
Caribbee islands, fit. in the
Atlantic ocean in Amrrica, between
59 and 63 degrees of W. Ion. and be-
tween II and J 8 degrees of N. lat.
Car I Bi ANA, the N. E. coadof
Terra Firma, in S. America, fince
railed Faria and New Andalufia,
the inhabitants denominated Carib*
bees, or Canibals, as well as the in-
habitants of the iflinds of the An-
tilles, which lie in the Atlantic ocean
to the northward of this country, on
a fuppofition that .the natives eat
human fle(h, which has been found
to be a miflake.
Car ION AN, E. Ion. 7. 25. lat.
44. 30. a fortiHcd town ot Pied-
mont, ia Italy, fit. on the river Po,
7 m. S, of Turin.
Carinthia D. a ter. of Ao-
ftria, in Germany, having the archb.
of Saltz/burg un the N. and Carniola
and the Venetian territories on the
S, fub. to the ho«re of Auftna.
Carionola,- li. Ion. i*;. lat.
41. 20. a c.ty of the pr. of Lavoro,
in Naples, 20 m. N, of the city of
Naples. The fee of a bifli.
CaRISBBOOK CASTLF.,W.l0H.
1. 30. lat. 50. 40* a caAle fit. in
the middle of the ifle of Wight,
where K. Charles I. was impr)foned
by his enemies, anno 1647.
Carlingford, W. Ion. 6. 23.
lat. 54. 5. a port town of htUmip
fit. on Carlingford bay, in th? o\ of
Louth and pr. of Leiniler, 22 in«
N. of Drcgbeda.
Carlisle, W. Ion. 2 30. lat.
54. 45. the capital city of Cumber-
land, fit. near the mouth of the
river Eden and Solway Frith, 230
m. N. W. from Londqn, and 50
m. S. W. of Newcaftle upon Tine.
Between Carlifie and Newcaftle the
Romans built a wall to prevent the
iQcurfions of the Pi£i>, which for
that reafon obtained the name of
the Pi£ts wall, and there are foane
remains of it vifiblc at this day. Thii
city furrendred to the rebels after a
Aort fiegc, 15 November 1745, ^^*
was retaken by the King's troops
commanded by his Royal Highncfa
the Duke, 10 December 1745.
Carlowitz, E. ion. 20. 45*
lat. 45. 25. a town of Sclavonia,
fit. on the W. fide of the river
Danube, 3^ m. N. W, of Belgrade,
mofl remarkable for a peace con-
cluded there between theChrifiians
and the Tutkr, anno 1699.
Carlstadt, E. Ion. i6. lat*
4;. 1;. the capital of Croatia, a
frontier pr. of Chriilendom againft
Turky, fit. on the river Culp, 140
m. S. of Vienna, fub. to the houfe
of Auftria.
Caelstaot, E. Ion. 9. 50. lat.
50, a town of the bifli. of Wurtf-
burg, in the cir. of Franconia, in
Germany, fit. on the river Maine,
14 m. N. of Wurt(burg.
Cab*
C A
C A
Carmagkioi., E. Ion. 7. 30.
iat. 44. 45, a fortified city of Pied-
mont, fit. on the river Po, 10 m.
S. of Turin.
Carmarthen, W. Ion. 4.25,
lat. <i. 50, the capital of Carmnr-
thcnmire, fit. on the river Terog,
24 m. N. E. of Pembroke, and
170 W. of London ; gives the title
'cf Marquis to the noble fannily of
Oftiorn, and fends one member to
parliament.
Carmona, W, Ion. 5. 3;. lat.
37. 2O4 a town of Andalufia, in
• Spain, fit. 17 m. E. of Seville.
Carnarvon, W, Ion. 4. 25. lat.
53. 20, a borough town of Carnar-
\on(hire in N.Wales, fit. near the
fea oppofite to Anglefea, 8 m. S. W.
of Bangor ; gives the title of Mar-
quis to the noble family of Bridges,
' and fends one member to parliament.
Carniola, a ter, ofAuftria, in
Germany, bounded by Carinthia and
Sttria on the N. and by the ter, of
Venire on the S.
Carolina, comprehending the
■ provinces of N. Cirolina, S. Ca-
rolina and Georgia, in N. America,
is fit. betwec;! 75 and 86 degrees
of W. Ion, and between 31 and
36 degrees ©f H. lat. bounded by
Virginia on the N, by the Atlantic
ocean on the E. by SpaniHi Florida
on the S. and by the Apalachian
Indians on the W. and is about 500
m. in length from N. to S. extend-
■ ing to the weftward without li«iits.
Of thefe North Cjrolina lies moft
northward, S. Carolina in the mid-
dle, and Georgia on the S. each of
them is a royal government, and
lias a diftinO governor generally.
The produce of N. Carolina is chiefly
tobacco. S. Carolina has a great
• plenty of rice, and Georj^ia fome ;
■ but this is the moO barren country,
and fortified as a b.irrier to dcFcnd
the reft againft the French and Spa-
niards and their Indian allies ; but
cnc put or other of the Carolina's
is proper for producing filk, corn,
yniaCf oil, naval flores, ikins and
furr?, and all the neceflaries of life,
if thefe colonies were duly encou-
raged and cultivated.
CAROLKTATjE.lon. t;^. ^o. lat,
59. 40. a town in the ter. oiF Werme-
land, in the pr. of Gothland, in Swe-
den, fit. at the N. end of the Wener
Lake, 140 m. W. of Stockholm.
Carpathian mountains divide
Hungary and 1 r.-Jifilvania from Po-
land.
Caspkntras, E. Ion. 5. lat.
44. 10. a city of Avignon, in Pro-
vence, in S. France, fit. 17 m. N,
E. of the city of Avignon, and fub.
to the Pope, The fee of a biftop.
Carpi, E. Ion. it. 10. lat, 44,
40. a city of the D. of Modena, in
It'ly, fit. 10 m» N, of Modena,
and fub> to that D.
Carpi, E. Ion. 11.40. lat. 45.
10. a town cf the Veionefe, in Italy,
fit, on the river Adige, 24 m. S. E.
of Verona, memorable for a viftory
obtained here by thelmpcrialifts over
the French, anno 170J.
Carrick, a CO. of Scotland,
having the Frith of Clide on the N,
W. and Galloway on the S.
Carrick on Sure, W. Ion. 7.
24, lat. 52. t6, a town of Ireland, in
the CO. of Tipperary, and pr. of Mun-
iler, 14 m. N. W. of Water ford.
Carrick - FERGUS, W. Ion.
6. 15. lat, 54. 45* a town of the
CO. of Antrim, in the pr. of Ulfter,
in Ireland, fit. on a bay of the
Iri/h channel of the fame name,
14 m. E. of Antrim, and S5 N.
of Dublin.
Cars, or Kars, E. Ion. 44. laf.
4?, 30. a city of Turcomania, or
Armenia-Major, fit. on the river
Cars, 100 m. S. of Trapefond, and
ip m. N. W. of Erzerum, fub, to
Turky.
Car TAMA, W. Ion. 4. 30, lat,
36. 40. a town of Granada, in Spain,
fit. 10 m. N. W. of Malaga.
Carteret, a co. of S. Carolina,
in America.
Carthagena, W. Ion. i. 5*
lat, 37. 40. a city, and one of the
bed
rica.
C A
C A
be(l harbours in Spain ; it Is Tit. on
a fine bay of the fea in the pr. of
Murcia, 20 m. S. of the city of
Murcia. The fee of a bifl*. It re-
ceived its name from the Carthagi-
nians who built it.
Carthagena New, W. Ion,
77, lat. II. capital of the pr. of
Carthagena, on the Terra Firma, in
S. America, fit, on a Peninfula near
the fea-coaft, 400 m. S. of fort-
Royal in Jamaica, and 300 m. E.
of Forto-Bello j one of the largeft
aflJ befl foitificd towns of S. Ame-
lica, with a very fecure and capa-
cious harbour, the entrance where-
of is To very narrow, that not more
than one iliip can enter it at a time,
and well defended by caftlcs and
plutforms of guns. It was however
taken by the Englifli admiral Sir
Fiancis Drake, anno 15S5, and by
I'ointi the French admiral, anno
1697. But great additions having
been made to the fortifications, and
a numerous garrifon of veteran troops
in the place, the English were ob-
liged to retire from before it, anno
1741, after they had made them-
felves mafters of moft of the furts
and harbours, for which fcveral rca-
fons were afiigned, btfides the ftrengh
o( the placc^ as the mortality a-
mong the troops, the want of /kiil
in the commanders, and the dif-
ferences between the admiral and
general.
Carthage ruins, E. Ion. 9.
hr, 1^6. 30, fit, in the K. of Tunis,
in Africa, on a Feniniula on the
coaft of the Mediterranean, 30 m.
N, W. f the city of 'I'unia, and 3 150
E. of Algiers, near a promontory ilill
cail'd Cape Carthage.
Carthage New, W. Ion, 86.
lat, 9, 55, cap, of the pr. of Cofla-
rica, in Mexico, 360 m, V/, of
I'anama.
Cartmel, W. Ion, 2, 40. lat.
54.
a market town of Lanca-
of the
bcft
fltire, fit. near a bay of the iridi
iiea, 10 m. N. of Lancafier.
Carwar, E. Ion. 7'^. lat. 15.
a town on the coafl of Malabar, in
the hither India, 60 m. S. of Go3,
where the Englifti Eaft-India com-
pany have a faftory, from whence
they import pepper.
Casal, E. Ion. 8. 55. lat. 45.
the capital of the D. of Montfcrrat,
i.T Italy, fit. on the river Po, 45 m.
E, of Turin, and 50 m, S, W, of
Milan, fub. to the crown of Sardi*
nia, to which it was yielded by the
houfe of Auflrla, for the fcr vices the
K, of Sardinia had done in the wars
againft: France.
Casal-Major, E. Ion. ir,
lat. 45. 5. a town in the D. of Mi-
lan, in Italy, fit. on the N. fiJe of,
the river Po, 60 m. S. E. of Milan,
a;id 20 m. E. of Cremona, fub, to
the houfe of Auflria.
Casan, or Kasan, a pr, of
RuHia, bounded by the pr. of Pcrmia
on the N, by Siberia on the E, by
the river Wolga, which feparates it
from little Novoj!,orod on. the S,
and 1 y the pr. of Mofcow proper on
the W.
Cash IN, or Caswjn, E. Ion.
48. lat. 36. a city of t' j pr. of
Eyrac Aj^em in Peilia, in Afij, fit.
i8o m. N. of Ifpahan^ Here tlic
ancient Arlacia rtood.
Cascais, W, Ion. 10. 15. lat,
38. 40. a town of Eftremadura, in
Portugal, fit. at the mouth of the
river Tagus, 17 m. E. of Liflbon.
Caschaw, or Cassovia, E,
Ion. 20. 35. lat. ^o. a city of Upper
Hungary, fit. on the river Hoi at,
78 m. N. E, of Buda, fub, to the
houle of Auftria.
Caserta, E. Ion. 15. 5. lat,
41. xo, a city of Lavoro, in Naples,
fit. 16 m. N. of the city of Naples,
The fee of a bifli.
Cashan, or Kashan, E, Ion.
50. lat, 34, a city of the pr. of
iiyrac Agein in Porfia, in Afi.i, fit.
100 m. N. of If'pahan.
Cash EL, or Cash ilt., W. Ion,
7. 40. lat, 52. 16. a city of the co,
of Tipperary, in the pr, of Munfter,
in Ireland, fit. 13 m. N. W. of
Clonmcl, and 80 m. S. W. of Dub-
lin, i'he fee of an archb.
CA9.
C A
C A
Caspian sea, fit. in Afia,
bounded by the pr. of Aftracan and
the country of the Calmuc Tar-
tars on the N. by the Bochara*s and
part of Perfia on the E. by another
part of Perfia on the S. and by an-
other part of Perfia and Circaflia on
the W. being upwards 0^^400 m. in
length from N. to S. and 300 m. in
breadth from E, to W. in which the
great river Wolga and many others
difchargc themfelves, and yet the
waters are generally about the fame
depth, no tides obierved, but once
tn 15 or 16 years it rifes a great
many fathoms and drowns the adja-
cent country ; and by thefe floods
AAiacan has fometimes fuffered pret-
ty much. It is properly a lake,
having no communication with any
other fea.
Cassano, E. Ion. xo lat. 25.
20. a fortrefs in the Miianefe, in
Italy, fit. on t! e river Adda, 12 m.
N. E. of the city of Milan, render-
ed memorable by an obftinate battle
fought here between the Germans
and French, anno 1705, fub. to the
houfe of Aullria.
CasseLj'E. Ion. 9. 20, ]at. 51.
20. the capital city of the Landgra-
vate of Hefle-CaiTel, in the circle
of the Upper Rhine, in Germany,
(it. on the river Fulde, near the
frontiers of Brunfwic, 45 m. N. E.
of Marpurg, and 85 m. N. E. of
Francfort, fub, to the Landgrave of
HelTc-Caflel, the prcfent King of
Sweden.
Cassei., E. Ion. 2. 30, lat. 50.
5. a town in French Flanders, fit.
10 m. N. E. of St. Omers, and
25 m. S. of Dunkirk.
Cassimere, E. Ion. 75. lat.
35, the capital city of the pr. of
Caiiimert', in India on this fide Gan>
^es, in Afia. It was once the ca-
f tal of a K. and has been fince
the refidence of feveral Mogul Em-
perors, and is fits 300 ni. N. W. of
l^elly.
Cassvmsazar, E. Ion. S7. lat.
34. a town of India, in Afta, fit.
on the river Ganges, in the pr. of
Bengal, 100 m. N of Huegly.
Castanovits, E. Ion. 17. 20»
lat. 45. 40. a town of Croatia, fit*
on the river Unna, which divides
Chriftendom from Turky, fub, to
the houfe ef Auftria.
Castelaragonesk, E. Ion,
8. 45. lat. 41. a fortrefs in the
ifland of Sardinia, fit. on the N. W,
coa(^ of the ifland.
Castella, E. Ion. II. 15. lat.
45. 30. a town o( the D. of Man-
tua, in Italy, fit. 5 m. N. £. of
Mantua.
Castel kar, W. Ion. 9. 24*
lat. 53. 45. a town of Ireland, in
the CO. of Mayo and pc. of Con-
naught, fit. 38 xn. N. of Gall-
way,
Castel branco, W. Ion. 8.
lat. 39. 35. a city of the pr. of
Beira, in Portugal, fit. 95 m. N. E«
of Lifbon.
Castel de Vide, E. Ion. 7,
40. lat. 39. a town of the pr. of
Alenteio, in Portugal, fit, tam.N.
E. of Portalegre, and 35 W. of Al-
cantara,
Castel Rodrico, W. Ion,
7. lat. 41. a town of Portugal, in
the pr. of Tralos montes, fir, 30
m. N. W. of Cividad Rodrigo, in
Spain.
Castiglione, E. Ion. xi. lat.
45. 15. a fortified town in the D. of
Mantua, 20 m. N. W. of the city
of Mantua, fub. to the houfe of
AufUia.
Casttle de Oro, a name gi-
ven to the S. pr. of Terra Firma,
in S. America, on the firil planting
it by the Spaniards.
Castile New, a pr, of Spain,
fit. almofl in the midll of the K.
having Old Caftile on the N. and
the provinces of Andalufia and Mur-
cia on the S. Madrid the capital
city of the pr. and of the whole K.
Castile Old, a pr. of Spain,
having the pr, of Afluria and Bifcay
on the N. and New Cafltle on the
S* Burgos the capital*
Cas-
1
\J
C A
C A
Ion.
Cas<
OAsTiitARA, E. Ion. II. 25.
lat. 45. ao. a town of the D. of
Mantua, fit. 6 m. N. £. of Mantua,
fub. to the houfe of Auftria.
Castillon, W. Ion. 10 min.
lat. 44. 50. a town of Perigort, in
the pr. of Guienne, in France, fit.
on the river Dordonne, :6 m. E. of
Bourdeaux.
Castle Carey, W. Ion. a.
40. l:it. 51. 15. a market town in
Somerfetfliire, lit. lo m. S. E. of
Wells.
Castle rising, E. Ion. 40
min. lat. 52. 46. a borough of Nor-
folk, fit. near the fea fca, 30 m.
W. of Norwich, and 7 m. N. of
Lynn ; fends two members to par-
liament.
Castle-town, W. Ion. 4. 40.
lat, 53. 50. capital of the ifle of
Man, fit. on the S. W. part of the
Ifiand, formerly a bifh.
Castom, E. Ion. I. 20. lat. 52.
45. a market town of Norfolk, fit.
8 m. N. W. of Norwich.
Castok, W. Ion. 12 min. lat.
53. 30. a market town of Lincoln-
fliire, fit. 20 m. N. E. of Lincoln.
Castres, E. Ion. 2. lat. 43. 40.
a city of Languedoc, in France, iS
m. S. of A'by, and 35 m. E. of
Thouloufe. The fee ot a bini.
Castro, W. Ion. 82. S. lat. 43.
the capital of the ifland of Chiloe
on the coaft of Chili, in S. America,
180 m. S. of Baldivia, fub. to Spain.
Castro, E. Ion. 12. 35. lat.
42. 30. capital of the D. of Caftro,
in the Pope's ter. in Italy, fit. on
the confines of Tufcany, 45 m. N,
W. of Rome.
Castro, E. Ion. 19. 25. lat. 40.
8. a town of the ter. of Otranto, in
Naples, fit, on the fca-coaft, 7 m. S,
of the city of Otranto.
Castro Marino, W. Ion. 8,
15. lat. 37. a town in the pr. of
Algarva, in Portugal, fit. near the
mouth of the Guadiana, on the con-
fines of Andalufia, 35 m. E. of Faro.
Catacombs, Urge vaults in
Egypt and Italy, where the ancicnti
buried their dead.
Catalonia, a pr. of Spain,
bounded by the Pyrenean moun-
tains, which divide it from France,
on the N. by the Mediterranean fca
on the £. and S. and by the pro-
vinces of Arragon and Valencia on
the W.
Catania, E. Ion. 15. ht. 38.
a city and port town of the pr. of
Demona, in Sicily, fit. on a bay of
the fea, which forms a good har-
bour, 35 miles N. of Syracufe, 40
miles S. of Mfflina, near the foot
of Mount Etna, by eruptions from
whence it fuffered much in the
years 1669 and 1693. The cathe-
dral and great part of the city were
overturned in a moment by the laft,
and i2ooo people perifhed in the
ruins. It is a bifii. fee.
Cataro, E. len. 19. 20. lat.
42. 25. the capital of the ter, of
Cataro, in Venetian Dalmatia, fir.
3S m. N. V/. of Drino, and 25 m.
S. E. of Ragufa,
CatEG ATE,or SCAGER AC SEA,
is the paflagc from the ocean to the
Sound, or entrance into the Baltic
fea, between Sweden and Denmark,
Catherlougit, W. Ion. 7. lat,
52. 45. a town of Ireland, in the co,
of Cathcrlough and pr. of Le nflcr,
fit. on the river Barrow, 16 m, N.
E. of Kilkenny.
Cat HA I, the name given to
China by the Europeans, when they
firft heard of it.
Cathness, the moft N. E. co.
of Scotland, having the ocean on
the N. and E. and S. E.
Catoch cape, W. Ion. 89, !at*
21. 30. the N, E, pronnontory of
the pr. ot lucatan, in Mexico, in
N. America,
Catzenelli BOGEN city, E,
Ion. 7. 40. lat. 50. 20, fit. in tne ter.
of HcHe, on the Upper Rhine, ia
Germany, 16 m. N. of Mentz, capital
of a CO. of the fame name } fub. ta
the Landgrave of Heflc-Caflel.
Cava, E. Ion. 15. lat. 40. 45,
a town of the Hither Principate, in
Naples fit. 16 miles g, of NipJcs,
The fee of a biA,
H CavaK|
lil
C A
C E
I
k
Cavan, W. 1011,7.35. '*'■* 54'
tbe capital of the co. of Cavan, in
the pr. of UlAer, in Ireland^ Ht. 60
m. N. W, of Dublin.
Caucasus, a chain of moun-
tains which run from the LefTer Alia,
through the N. of Perfia to E. In-
dia, which obtain diAerent names
from the feveral countries they pafs
through.
Caudebec, E. Ion. 45 min. lat.
49. 32. a city of Noimandy, in
France, fit. on the N. fule of the
river Seyne, 16 m. W. of Rouen.
Cavillon, E. Ion. 5. lar. 43.
50. a town of Provence, in France,
Ik. on the river Durance, 15 m. S.
E. of Avignon. The itc: of a bifli.
fub. to the Pope.
Cawood, W. Ion. 50 min. lat,
1^3. 45. a market town in York-
fiwre, fit. 9 m. S. of York.
Caxamat.ca, W. ion. 75. 30.
S. lat. 7. 3c. a city of Peru, in S.
America, fir. 250 m. E. of the Pa-
cific ccean, and 300 m. N. E, of
Lima. In this town, Pizarro the
Spaiiifli general, took Atabalipa, the
Inca or Emperor of Peru prifoner,
and murdered him in cool blood,
anno 1533-
Caxion, W. Ion. 12 min. lat.
52. 10. a poft towa in Cambrid^^,e-
ihire, formerly a market town, lit.
on the N. road to York, S m. W.
of Cambridge, and 50 N. of Lon-
don. ■ ,„
Cava, a river which rifes near
Porta icgre, in Portuit,al, and run-
ning, S. Ej atterw-aris divides Spain
fr<-m Pv rtugal, failing into the river
^uadiana at Badajox, in Spanifh
J^lirKmadura.
Cayenne, W. ion. 53. N. lat.
c. a town fit. on a fmall ifland of
the fame name, near the coall of
America, and the capital of the
French fittlements there, bounded
by the Dutch colonics of Surinam
on the N. and the mouth of the
fivjr Am.«z( n on the S. to which
country the French have given the
name of E^oi.ioftial France, fiom
iii Hiaatiuu under Qr near ihc c^ua«
tor. It produces tobacco, fugar, and
Indian corn.
Cebu, one of the moft foutherly
Philippine iflands in the Indian fcas,
fit. between the ifland of Layte on
the W. and Negro on the E.
Celebes, or Macafler ifland,
is fit. between 116 and 124 degrees
of E. Ion. and between 2 degrees
N. and 6 degrees S. iat. being 500
m. long, and generally 2QO broad.
The air of this ifland is hot and
moiftj and Ijing under or very near
the equator, fubjcdl to great rains
above 6 monthr in the year. It has
the Philippine ill.inds on the N. the
Molucca and Banda iflimds on the
E. and the ifland of Borneo on the
W. The )i.;t'"es are moft remarkable
for their /kill in poi|<yious drugs and
herbs, which abound iii this ifland,
as well as opiunf). They poilba
their darts which they blow through
hollow trunks, 'infi' the leaft wound
they make is mortal.
The Dutch joining with the na-
tives agaifift the Portuguezc, firft ex-
pelled them and then ufurped the
domini&n of the ifland, where they
have fuch ftrong fortrelles and nu-
merous garrifons, that ihcy treat
the natives both princes and people
as their flaves j though it was a great
while bcfoe they could eft"e£l this,
the inhabitants being generally ji
brave hardy people, and are "hirpd
by moft of the Indian nations and
Europeans who have fettlements in
that pait of the woild, to fcrve in
their troops. The chief reafon the
Portuguezc and the Dutch after then>
had for fubduing this ifland waSj
that it lay near the Molucca anii
Banda iflandf, where the cloves and
nutmegs grow j and they could ne-
vtr fecute their pofl'eflion of thofe
fine fpict'S, unij^fs t ey were mafltrs
of this ifland : and ftill if any other
nati n fliould join the natives and
expel the Dutch from hence, it
would be no difficult nutter to come
in for a (hare of thofe fpicrs, which
they robbed tl;c En^lifli of in time
ol full peace.
C£LL,
fia, w
Ce
Jon.
Turk
near
m. N
was
and o|
fifge
C E
C E
iitherly
in feas,
yte on
ifland,
degrees
degrees
ng 500
broad,
lot and
ry near
it rains
It has
N. the
on the
) on the
larkable
ugs and
5 ifland,
r poilpn
through
I wound
the na-
firft ex-
ped the
re' they
and nu-
ey treat
people
IS a great;
itl this,
erai!/ ^
re "hirpd
ions and
ments ia
Tcrve in
afon the
tcr thein
nd waSi
icca and
oves and
ou!d ne-
of thofe
mafltrs
any other
tivcs and
icnce, it
r to tome
, which
in time
Cell,
Cell, E. Ion. 6. 4^, laf. 53.
10. a tdwn of Triers, in the circle
of the Lower Rhine, in Germany,
fir, 26 m. N. E. of Triers, 20 m. S.
W. of Coblentz, on the E. (hore of
the river Mofclle, fub. to the Eiedlor
of Triers.
Cenada, E. Ion. 12. 40. lar.
46. 5. a town of the pr. of Trevig-
nano, in Italy, fit. 12 m. S. of Bel-
lurio, and 32 m. N. ot Padua, fub.
to Venice.
Ck Nu, W. Ion, 76. N. ht. g.
a town of Terra Firma, in S. Ame-
rica, 80 m. S. of Cartagena.
Cephaloma, E. Ion. 21. lat.
38. 30. the capital of the ifland of
Cephalonia, fit. in the Mediterra-
nean, near the coaft of Epirus or
Janna, fub. to Venice.
Ceram, fir. between iz6 and
129 deg. of £. Ion. and 3 degrees
S. lat. an ifland in the Indian ocean,
having the iflands of Molucca and
Gilolo on the N. and Amboyna and
the Banda iflands on the S. and is
about 150 m. long and 60 broad, a
niountainous woody country, where
the Dutch have a fottrefs which
keeps the natives in fuhjcftion, and
contributes to defend their poffeflion
<rf the fpice iflands. The inhabitants
•f thefe and the neighbouring iflands
were reported to be canibals by the
iiiil Europeans that vifited them,
but upon a kett^ acquaintance with
that people, there feems to be very
little foundation for the charge.
Cere, or Sere, E. Ion. i. 33.
lat. 44. 45. a town of France, in
the pr. of Guienne and ter. of
Q^ercy, fit, 32 ro. N, E. of Ca-
hors.
Ceremissi, or Creremtssi,
a ter. of Little Novogorod, in Ruf-
fia, which lies on the river Wolga.
Cerico, or Cttherea, E,
Ion. 23. 40. lat. 36. an ifland of
Turky, in the Archipelago, fit.
rear the E. part of the Moiea, 50
in. N. ot the ifle of Candia, This
was the native country of Venus,
and of Helen, who occafioned the
fiege of Ttoy. It is a mouniainous
rocky ifland, between 40 and 50
miles in circumference.
Cervia, E. Ion. 13. I:it. 44,
30. a city and port town of Konia-
ni.i, in Italy, fit. on the gnlph of
Venice, 10 m, S. E. of llaveiina,
fub. to the Pope,
Cesena, E. Ion, 12, 50. lat.
4.^. 20. a town of R'jnnnnii, in
Italy, fit. 15 m. S. of Ravenna,
fub. to the Pope. The fee of a bifh,
Cette, a port toun of France,
in the pr. of Langu(!doc, E. Ion, 3.
16. lat. 43, 25. fit, on the bay of
Mapuelone, in the Mediterranean,
a little E, of Agde.
Ceva, E. Ion. 8.6, lar. 4.1. ?.(;,
a town of Piedmont, in Italy, fit,
on the liver Tannaro, near the con-
fines of Genoa, 40 m. S. E, of
Turin.
Cevennes, mountains of France,
in the pr. of Languedoc, whither
the Proteftan's frequently retire and
defend thcmfelves againft the tyran-
ny of their princes, and where the
Englifli made an attempt to fupport
them by their fleet from the Medi-
terranenn, in the reign of Q^Anne,
but the communication was cut off
by the French troops which had
pofidVed the pafTes,
Ceuta, W. Ion. 6. 30, lat. 35.
CO. a city of the K, of Fez, in A-
frica, fit. on the S. fide of the ftraits
of Gibralter, almoft oppofite to it.
A ftrong fortrefs in the pofTeflion of
Spain, but frequently attacked by
the Moors, 150 m. N. of the capital
city (if Fez,
Cevlon ifland, fit. between 7S
and $2 degrees of E. Ion. and be-
tween 6 and 10 N. lat. being 250
m, long and 200 broad, fit. in the
Indian foa, near the S. E. conft of
the continent of the Hither India.
The Dutch are poflefledof all ihefea-
coad, and have ihut up the K. in the
middle of the ifland, who refidcs at
his capital city of Candy, while the
Dutch monopolize all the cinnamon
which this ifland only produce*, and
fuffer no other nation to trade with
the natives, or get any cinnamon but
H z what
C H
C H
what they purchafe of them. They
pretended to alTifl the K. of Ceylon
againft the Portugueze, who had fe-
veral towns and fortrefTes on the
coaft, and when they had driven the
Portugueze out, ufurped the domi-
nicn of the country.
Chagre, W. Ion. 82. lat. 9.
50. a fort at the mouth of Chagre
river, in the pr. of Darien, in Ame-
rica, a little S. W. of Porto-Bello,
and 350 m. W. of Carthagena. This
fort has been taken fevcraJ times by
the Buccaniers, and laft by admiral
Vernon, anno 1740, where he found
feme rich merchandife, moft of the
goods Joaden on board the galleons
being fent down the river hither
from Panama, except the plate, in
order to be Shipped at Porto-Bello.
CHALDEA,0r BABVtONlA, WaS
the S. part of that pr. io Afiatic
Tuiky, now called Eyraca Arabic,
vhich lies between the rivers Eu-
phrates and Tygris, and on the uni-
ted flream, N. W. of the gulph of
Bofora, ufually caUe<l the Perfian
gulph, and S. £. of the pr. of Diar-
bc'ck or Mefopotamia.
ChALLONS - SUR - MARNE, E.
Ion. 4. 35. lat. 48. 55. the capital
of tlie Challonois, in Champaign, in
France, fit. on the river Marne, 82
m. E. of Paris, and 30 m. S. E'. of
Uhe'ms. The fee of a bifh.
CuALLONS-SUH-SOAN, E. lon.
5. lat. 46. 40. capital of the ter. of
Challons, in Burgundy, in France, 32
m. S. of Diion. The fee of a biAi.
Cham, E. lon. 11. lat. 49. 15,
a town of the Bavarian Palatinate,
fit, on the river Cham, .25 m, N. of
^atiibon.
Chamberry, E. lon. 5. 41;.
Ut, 45. ^o. the capital of the D.
of Savoy, fit. 90 m. N. W, of Tu-
rin, and 45 S. of Geneva.
Champaigk, a pr. of France,
bounded by Ficardy on the N. by
Lorrain on the £. by Burgundy on
the S. and by the ifle of France on
liie W. The chief city Troyes,
CUAMFLAIN LAX.I, W, luQ.
75. lat. 45. fit. on the N. of the
pr. of New-York, in N. America.
Chappel in Frith, W. lon#
I. 50. lat. 53. 22. a market tovif^
of Derby/hire, 26 miles N. W. oi"
Derby.
Charabon, E. lon. 108. S. lat,
6. a fea-port town on the N. coafl:
of the ifland of Java, in the Indian
ocean, in A(ia, fii, 130 m. E. of
Batavia.
Charcas, the S, part of Peru,
in S. America, in which is the great
filver mine of Potofi.
Charente, a river of France,
wi)ich rifing in Limofin, runs weft-
ward by Angoulefme and Saintes, fil-
ling into the bay of Bifcay, oppofite
to the ifle of Oleron.
Charenton, E. long. 2. 30,
lat. 48. 45. a town of the ifle of
France, fit. on the Seyne, 3 m. $•
E. of Paris. Whither the French
Proteftants of Paris ufed to go to
church, when they were tolerated
by that crown.
Charlemokt, E. lon. 4. 40.
lat. 50. 10. a town of the pr. of
Namdr, in the Netherlands, 18 m.
S. of Namur j fub. to France,
Charlemont, V/. lon. 6. 50*
lat. 54. 16. a town of Ireland, fit*
on the river Blackwater, in the co«
of Ardmagh an^ pr. of Ulfter, 6 m.
S. £. of Dungannon,
Chari.euov, E. lon. 4. 20.
lat. 50. 30. a ftrong town in the pr.
of Namur, in the Auftrian Nether-
lands, fit. on the river Sambre, 19
m. W. of Namur.
Charles cape, a promontory
of Virginia, in America, which
makes the N. fide of the ftrait en-
tring the bay of Cheafepeak,
Charles cape, a pr. of N,
America, on the S. W. part of the
flrait cnrring into Hudfon's hay.
Charles town, W. lon. 79,
lat. 32. 30. the capital city of S.
Carolina, in N. America, fit. on a
Peninfula, formed by Afiiiey and
Cooper rivers, the former of which
is navigable for ihips 20 m, above
52-
C H
C H
on a
ey and
which
above
the
tlie town. A commodious and fe*
cure harbour, and the town was as
well built as moft in America, and
a place of good trade, from whence
a great nurriber of fliips are annually
loaded with rice, fk'ns, pitch and
tar J but the fortifications have been
fuffered to r«n to ruin, and the town
was deftroyed by fire, with abundance
of valuable merchandife, anno 1740.
They have frequently fuft'ered alfo
by inundations and unhealthful Tea.
fons, but under all thefe difadvanta-
ges, it is one of the bt^A colonies
belonging to Great-Britain, and ca-
pable of improvements that might
be more advantageous to Great-
Britain, than any of the northern
colonies.
Chari.es fort, W. Ion. 8.
20. lat. 51. 21. a fortrefs in the
CO, of Cork and pr. of Munfter, in
Ireland, fit. at the entrance of Kin-
fale harbour.
Charleton, W. Ion. 80. lat.
52. 50. an ifland at the bottom of
Hudlbn's bay, in N, America, fub.
to Great-Britain.
Charleville, W. Ion. 8. 38.
lat. 52. 13. 3 town of Ireland, in
the CO, of Cork and pr. of Muniler,
fit. 30 m. N. of Cork.
Charlevili.e, E. Ion. 4. 35.
lat. 49. 4r. a town of Champai^in,
in France, fit. 35 m. N. W, of
Rheinis.
Charoli.es, E. Ion. 4. 6. lat,
46, 25. a town of France, in the
pr. of Burgundy, 37 m. S. W, of
Challons- fur- loan.
Chart RES, E. Ion. 1. 3a. lat.
48. 27. a large city ot France, ca-
pital of the Chartrain, in the pr.
©f Orleanois, fir. on the river Eure,
42 m. S. W. of Paris. The fee of
a bi(h.
Chartreuse crans, E. Ion.
5. 50. lat. 45. 20. the capital of
ail the convents of the Chartreufe
monks, fit. 7 m. N. E. of Grenoble,
in the pr. of Dauphinc, in France,
to which they afcend 3 m, through
an almoft impenetrable foreft of
fir-trees» Hitu the deputies ftom
all their convents, being upw.^rds oi
200, annually meet. Thefe monks
are not allowed to fpeak. to one an-
other but at certain hours and at cer-
tain places, but are bufied in all
mechanic arts, and fpin and weave
their own cloathS) and make all
manner of inftruments and utenfils
of wood, iron, brafs. See. On hol-
lidays only they are permitted to
walk out and open their mouths at
pleafure.
CHARvnnis, a rock in the
ftrait of Mcflina, between Italy
and Sicily, where there is an eddy
of water that drove the velFels on
the rock Sylla, when the mariners
endeavoured to avoid this ; but
now navigation is better underftood,
our Tailors find no iuch inconvenience
here.
Chatham, E, Ion. 40 min.
lat. 51. 20. a port town of Kent,
adjoining to Rochefter, fit. on the
river Medway, 30 ra. S. E, of Lon-
don, The principal fiation of the
Royal Navy, furnifli'd with timber,
rope-yards, and naval ftores fufficient
for the building and fitting out the
Jargeft fleet. The mouth of the ri-
ver being well defended byShecrne(3
and other forts and caftles, yet it
happened to b fo ncgledcd in the
Dutch war: a^no 1667, that the
enemy came up the river and burnt
and deftroyed lome of the firft rates
and other men of war in the har-
bour.
Cbatteau Cambresis, E.
Ion. 3. 25. lat. 50. 6. a town of the
Cambrcf!'', in the French Nether-
lands, fit. on the river Sel!e„ 13 rm.
S, E. of Cambray,.
Chattkau Da up h in e, E,
Ion. 6. 40. hit. 44. 30. a fortrefs fit,
on the frontiers of Piedmont and
Dauphine, but yielded by France
to Piedmont at the treaty of U-
trecht, and now (nb^ to the K. of
Satdinia.
Chatteau Duk, E. lon.j. 25.
lat. 48. 5. a town of France, in the
ter. of Blois and pi . of Orle^nui*, ht,
25 m, N. W.«of Orleans.
H 3 Cha.t;''
CH
C H
Chattel Chalok, E. Ion. 5.
35. lat, 46. 50. a town of France,
in the pr. of Franche Compte, fit,
40 m. S. of Dole.
Chatteleraut, E« Ion. 35
nin. lar. 46. 45. a town of Franie>
in the ter. of Poidou and pr. of
Orleanois, fit. on th* river Vienne,
18 H). N. E. of Poidiers.
Chattelet, E. Ion, 4. 30.
I«t. 50. 25. a town of the Low
Countries, in the pr. of Namur,
lit. on the river Sambie, 4 m. E. of
Charleroy.
Chattigan, E. Ion. 91. lat.
13. a port town of India, fit. in
Bengal, at the mouth of the moft
eafterly branch of the Ganges, in
Alia, Tub. to the Mogul.
Chatilion, E. Ion, 5. 40,
lat. 46. 16. a town of France, in
the ter. of Labrefle and pr. of Bur-
gundy, 16 m. S. W. of Geneva.
Chaul, See Shoule.
CuAUMONT, E. ion, 2. lat. 49.
18. a town of France, in the pr.
ot tlvc ifle of France, 30 m. N. W,
•f Paris.
Chaumont, E. Ion. 5. 15. lat.
48. 12. a town of Fiance, in the
pr. of Champaien, fit. on C river
Marne, 45 m. E. of Trovei.
Cheadxe, W. Ion. 2. lat. 53. a
market town of Staft'ordihire, 10 m»
K. E. of Stafford,
Cheasepeak bay, fit, in 75
degrees of W. Jon» and between 37
and 40 degrees of N. lat. runs about
T(oo m, uj) into the country betwatn
Virginia and Maryland, in America,
osvi'^able ahrjoft all the way for
large fljips, being about 20 m. broad
at the entrance between Cape Charles
and Cape Henry, and between 20
and 30 m. broad afterwards, and
nhundance of navigable rivers falling
into it ; fliips go up to the very
doois of the planters, and take in
their lading of tobacco and other
Ijoods.
CaEGvoRD, W. Ion. 4. lat. 50.
40i a market town of Devon, fit.,
13 nrj. W. ot Exeter.
{^MiKmUy a i^r^. of Chin9t, ia
ABi, having the pr. cf Nankin on
the N. and the ocean on the £.
Chelm, £. hn. 23. 30. lat, 51.
25, a town of Poland, cap. of the
pal. of Chelm, in the pr. of Red
Rufiia^ no m. S.E. of Warfaw.
Chelmsford, £. Ion. 30 rain,
lat. 51. 40. the county town of
"EffeXf fit. on the river Chelmer,
25 vn. N. E. of London j fends two
members to parliament.
Chelsea, a fine village, fit. on
the river Thames in Middlefex, a
mile weft of Weftminfter j where
ftands a magnificent hofpital for in-
valids, and a pleafure-houfe, to which
the beau monde refort in crowds in
the fummer feafcn.
Cheltenham, W. Ion. 2. 10.
lat, 51. 50. a market town of Glou~
cefterftiire, fit. 7 m, N. E, of Glou-
ceder. Here we meet with medici-
nal waters.
Chepelio, W. Ion. 81. lat. 9.
an iiland in the bay of Panama and
pr. of Darien, m America, fir. about
a league from the city of Panama>
which it fupplies with proyifions
and fruit.
CHE?sTow,W,lon. 2.40. lat. 5it
40. a market town in Monmouth-
Aire, fit. on the river Wye, near
its mouth, 10 m, S. of Monmouth.
Cherasco. See Chiarasco.
Cherburg, W. long. j. 40*
lat. 49. 45. a pert town of France,
in the pr. of Normandy, fit, on a
bay of the Englifli channel, 50 m.
N» W. of C^en, and oppcfice to
Kampfhiie, in England j near which
place the confederate fiee*: command-
ed by admiral RulTel, obtaiiicd a vic-
tory over the French, commanded
by admiral Tourville, anno 169?,
and afterwards burnt 20 of their rnen
of war near Cape la Hogue.
Cheresoul, Efc Ion. 45. lat,
36. the capital of Curdiftan, the
ancient AfTyria, in Afiatic Turky,
fit. 150 m, N. of Bagdat ; the feap
of the BegJcberg or Viceroy of the
pr. fub, to Turky,
Cherry isle, £'. long. 20.
Uc 75. HU: ia the N.. or frozea
C H
C H
ocean, between Norway and Greea-
land.
Cher so, £. Ion. 15. laf. 45.
25. the capital of the ifland of
Cncrfo, in the gulph of Venice, fir.
between Illria and Morlachia, and
fub. to the Venetians,
Chertsey, W. Ion. 30 m. lat.
51. 25, a market town of Surrey,
fit. 7 m. W. of Kingfton.
Cher WELL river, rifing in Nor-
thamptonfliire, runs S. by Banbury,
through Oxford/hire to the city of
Oxford, where it unites its waters
with the Ilis.
Chesham, W. Ion. 35 min. lat.
51. 36. a market, town in Bucks,
9 m. S.E. of Aileibury.
Chester, W. Ion. 3, lat. 53,
15. the capital city of Chelhire, fit.
150 m. N.W. of London, and j6
S. of Liverpool j jgives the tide of
earl to the P. of Wales, ?nd is the
fpe of a bifli.
Chester New, W. Ion. 74,
lat. i]0« I5> capital of the co. of
Chefter, in Pennfylvania, fit, on the
river Delawar, S. of Philadelphia.
It is a fine capacious harbour, and
admits veHels of any burthen,
Chesterfield, W. Ion. i.
45. lat. 53. ao. a market town of
Derbyshire, 120 m. N.E. of London,
and 15 N. of Derby } gives the title
of Earl to a branch of the noble fa-
mily of Stanhope.
Cheviot, or TivioT hills,
run from N. to S, tluough Cumber-
land and Northumberland, and were
formerly the borders or boundaries
between England and Scotland, where
many an obRinate battle has been
fought between the two nations,,
one of them recorded in the ballad
of Chevy-Chafe.
Chia.mpa, the foulh divifion of
Cochin-China, in the Eaft -Indies, in
Afta.
Chiapa, E, Ion. 98* lat. 16.
30. the capital of the pr. of Chiapa,
in Mexico, in N. America, fit. lao
|n. S. of Tabafco, and 300 m. £. of
Acjpulco.
CuiARAsca, E^ Ion. 7>45* kt«,
44, 40.3 fortified town in Italy, In
tl^e pr. of Piedmont, fit. on the
river Tanaro, 20 m. S.E. ofTurin^
and 24 m. N.E. of Coni, fub. to
the K. of Sardnia.
Chiarenza, B> Ion. 21. 15.
lat. 37. 35. a port town, fit. on the
N.W. coaft of the Morea, oppofite
to the ifiand of Zant, in the Me-
diterranean, fub. to the Turks.
Chiari, £. Ion. lo. 18. lat. 45.
30. a town of Italy, in the pr, of
Brefcia, in the ter. of Venice, fit. 7
m. W. of Brefcia, and 27 m. E^
of Milan, Here the Imperialifts
gained a vi£lory over the French,
anno 1701.
Chiavenna, E. Ion. 9. 30, lat,
46. 15. a town of the Grifons, fit.
N. of the lake de Como, in Italy,
35 m. S. of Coire.
Chichester, W. Ion. 50 m,
lat. 50, 50. the capital city of Suf-
fex, fit. 52 m. S.W. of London, and.
iz m. E. of Portfmouth j fends two
members to parliament. It is a
bifhop's fee,
Chichestek New, a port town
of Pennfylvania, fit. on the river De-
lawer, below Chefter, .
Chicuito, or Cuyo, a pr. of
S. America, having the pr. of La
Plata on the N.E. and Chili on the
W,
Chidley, or Chimiiy, W.
loa. 4. lat. 51. a market town of
Devon, i8 m. N.W. of Exeter.
Chieri, E. Ion. 7.45, Jat. 44.
50. a fortified town of i^aly, in the
pr. of Piedmont, 8 m, E, of Turin,
fub, to the K. of Sardinia,
Chjlj, proper, is fit. on the W.
coaft of S. America, bounded by
Peru on the N, by the pr, of La
Plata on the E. by Patagonia on ihe
S. and by the Pacific ocean on the
W. lying between 25 and 45 cicgrees
of?, lat. and between 75 and 85 de-.
grees of V/. Ion. but fome compre-
hend Patagonia, in Chili,, and ex-
tend it to Cape-Horn, fit. in 57. 30,.
S. lat, rhe moft: foutheia promon*
tory of S, Ameiiea,
C H
C H
I ?■
I ?
Chtlterk, a chain of chalky
hills, running from E. to W. thro'
Buckingham&ire.
Chimay, E. Ion. 4. 20. lat. 50.
6. a town of theFr.nch Netherlands,
cnp. of the ter. of Chimay, in the
pr. of Hainaulr, fit. 20 m. S. of
Charleroy.
Chimay, a great lake that lies
between the E. Indies and' Chin-i,
in the CO. of Acham.
Chimera, £. Ion. 20. 40* lat.
40, ao. a part town of Turky, in
Europe, fir. at the entrance of the
gvjipli of Venice, in the pr. of Epi-
Tus, 32 m. N. of the city of Corfu,
near which are the mountains of
Cbimaeri, which divide Epirus from
I'he.Taly.
China, including Chinefian Tar-
taiy, is fit. between 95 and 135 de-
grees of E. Ion. and between 21 and
55 degrees of N. Jat. being bounded
by Riiflian Tartary on the N. by the
Pacific Ocean on the E. and S, and
by Tonquin, 'J'ibet, and the ter-
ritories of Ruflia on the W. from
which it is feparated by the river
Argun, being about 2000 m. in
length from N. to S. and 1500 in
bieadth from E. to W, It is ufually
divkled into 16 provinces, which
will be defcribed in their alphabeti-
cal order as they occur. In thefe
provinces it is computed there are
155 capital cities, 1312 of the fe-
cund rank, 2357 fortified towns,
and upwards of ten millions of fa-
milies, which may amount to fifty
millions of people, and fome have
computed them at fifty-eight mil-
lions. There are feveral very large
rivers, and where thefe are wanting,
the whole country is cut through
with navigable canals, and a bri/k
trade driven on them from one end
of the K. to the other. There is
a long wall of ftone 1500 m. in
length, whicli the Chinefe built to
defend themfelves again(t the incur-
fions of ihe Tartars, but the Tar-
tars notwithftanding made a conqueft
of their country about ioo ytjars
fincC; and they arc now governed by
Tartar princes, who permit them
however to retain their own laws,
obliging them only to cut off their
hair, and as to religion they were
ail Pagans, and fo no great change
made in it. The Popifh miifionaries
had once made a confiderable num-
ber of profelytes amongft them, but
have lately been expelled the K.
The chief produce of this coun-
try is filk, tei, china, japan ware,
and gold duft, of which every mari-
time people of Europe, almcft, im-
port a great deal, fending them filver
in return.
The Europeans copiplain of them
as very tricking unfair dealers, and
that their cuftom-houfc officers take
all opportunities of extorting money
from foreigners.
Their writing and printing is a
fort of ihort-hand, every character
exprefiing a word, and fometimes a
fentence. They have not the ufe of
letters.
The Emperor is an abfolute Prince,
but all his laws and aifls muil be
palled by a certain great council of
his nobility, before they are of any
force J however he does not want
means to oblige them to yield their
aflcnt to what he propofes any more
than the fovere'gns in this pait of
the world.
The government requires a pro-
found fubmiflion of children to their
parents ; they even make flatues and
images to reprefent their anceftors,
and worfhip them in their houfes,,
and mutual civility among all men
is enjoined by law, which feems to
have made them a nation of hypo-
crites, having very little regard to
the folemn profeflions they make of
their friendlhip.
The revenues of the crown are
computed at 21 millions fterling,
which is not difficult to know, be*
caufe an account of every man's fa-
mily, eflate and fubfiance, is taken
every year and enrolled.
Their ft)rces arc faid to confift of
five millions of men in time of peace ;
a militia that are very (eldom raifed,
bavinj^
I
C H
C H
having few enemies fince the nnion
ofTartary with China.
Chinca, a port town of Peru,
fit. on a river and extenfive vajley of
the fanrie name, 60 m. S. of Lima,
W. Ion. 76. S. lat. 13.
Chine - , E. Ion. 5, lat. 50. 20.
a city of ilie Auflrian Netherlands,
on the confines ol the bifli. of Liege,
12 m. S. E. of Namur,
Chin ON, E. Ion. 20 min. lat.
47. 15. a own of France, in the ter.
ot" Tourain, in the pr. of Orleanois,
23 m. S,W. of Toiirs.
Chios Xio, or Scio, an idand
called by the Turks Saki Saduci, lies
near the coaA of Ionia, in the LefTcr
Afia, about 100 m. W. of Smyrna.
It is a mountainous, rocky iHand,
joo m. in circumference, aJmoft de-
ftjtute of water in dry fummers. It
is computed there are about 10,000
Turks, 30C0 Latins, and ioo,oco
Greeks in the iilanc^^ and the Greeks
have 300 churches here, befides
chapels and monafteries. A Cadi,
or Mahometan ecclefiaftic, has the
adminiftration of the civil govern-
ment, and an Aga of the Janifaries
has the command of the foldiers.
The foil produces great plenty «f
excellent wines. It was froin hence
the ancients had their Nedlar. They
have alfo oil and filk, oranges and
lemons, and the beA maAic, but
very little corn.
Chios, the capital of the ifland of
Chios, E. Ion. 27. lat. 38. is fit. on
the £. coaA of the iflard. It is as
well built as moft towns in the Le-
vant, having been long in the pof-
feflion of the Genoefe. There is ufu-
ally a Turkifti garrifon of 1400 men
in the town, and the port is the ren>
dezvous of the Turki(h (hipping, going
out and returning home toConHanti-
nople, and there is ufually a fquadron
of Turkifli galleys in the port. The
natives pretend Homer was born here,
and fliew a place which they call his
fchool, at the foot of Mount Epos,
about 4 m. from the city.
Chlozzo, or Chioggio, a town
on the ifland Chioggio, in the gulph
of Venicff, by which there Is a paf-
fage into the I.agunes, fit. 12 m, S,
of the city of Venice.
Chippenham, a borough town
of Wiltfliire, fit. 22 m. N.W. of
Salifbury, W. Ion. 2. 12. lat, i;i. 25,
fends a members to parliament.
Chipping, or Much-Wiccomb,
W, Ion, 42 min. lat. 51. 35. a
borough to\\n of Bucks, fir, 10 m.
S. of Ailefbury j fends 2 membevs
to parliament.
Chirvan, a pr. of Perfia, that
lif» on the W. coaft of the Cafpian
fea. Afia.
Cnia^oR, E. Ion, 76. lat. 23. 30,
the capital of the pr. of Chitor, in
the Hither India, 250 m. N. E. of
Surat, and 270 S.W. of A|ra, fub.
to the Mo^ul. This city is fuppofed
to be the capital 'of Poius's domi-
nions, who fought with Alexander,
Afia.
Chitor, E. Ion. 7. 35. lat. 45.
12. a city of Italy, in the pr. of
Piedmont, fit. on the river Po, 10
m. N. of Turin, taken by the French
after a brave defence, anno 1705^
but recovered the next year by the
confederates, after the vidory of
Turin, fuh* tP the K. of Sardinia.
Chiusi, E. Ion. 73. lat. 43. a
city of Italy, in the D, of Tufcany,
fit. on the confines of the Pope's
ter. 35 m. S. £. of Sienna, fub. to
the D. of Tufcany.
Choi SI, a royal palace in France.
Choczim. SceCnoTziM.
Chonat, E, Jon. 21, 20. lat,
46. 22. a town of Hungary, fit, on
the river Merifli, 13 m. £. of Sege-
don, fub. to the houfe of Auftria.
Chobassan, a pr. of Perfia, in
Afia, on the N. E, adjoining to
Ufljec Tartary. This was the an-
cient Ba£lria, and the country of
Kouli Khan, afterwards fovereiga
of Perfia.
Chorgks, or Gorges, E. Ion. 6.
lat. 44. 36. a town of France, in the
pr. of Dauphine, 6 m. E. of Gap.
Chotzim, E. Ion. 27. lat. 48, a
frontier town of Moldavia, on the
confines of Poland^ fit. on the river
Neifter^
C H
C I
Neifter, no m. N.W. of Jazy } ta-
ken and retaken fevcral titiiCs in the
late wars bctweei RuiTia and Turky,
now in polFcflJon of the Turks.
Chremnits, E. Ion. 19. lat. 48.
45. the chief of the min(J towns in
Upper Hungary, fit. 68 m. N. E. of
Prefburg, fub. to the hodfo of Auftria.
CHRIST-CHURtu, W. lon. 2.
lat. 50. 40. a borough town of Hamp
/hire, fit. 30 m. S.W. ofWinth-f-
ter, near the fea coaft j fends two
members to pavlijment,
Christiakople,E. Ion. 15. 40.
lat. 57. a port town of Sweden, fit.
on the Baltic- fea, in the ter. t)f Ble-
king, in the pr. of S. Gothland,
33 in. N. E. of Carelfcroon.
ChB ISTIANSTADT, E. lon. I4.
40. lat, 56. 30. a town of Sweden,
fjt. on the river H^-lles, in the ter.
tf B'tking, in the pr. of S. Goth-
Jant!, 45 m. W, of v-'arelfcroon.
Christiana, E. Ion. lo. 15.
lat. 59. 50. a town of Norway, in
the pr. of Aggerhiiys, fit. on a bay
©f the fea ico m. N. of Gottcnburg,
fub. to Dt-nmatk.
Christophers St. W. lon. 62.
lat. 17. 30. one of the Caribbce
ifljnvis, to which Columbus gave his
Chriftian name. It is about 20 m.
long, and 7 broad, and has a high
mountain in the middle, from whence
fome rivulets run down. The pro-
duce of it is chiefly fugar, cotton,
ginger, and indi^jo, with the tropical
fruits. It lies near the N.W. point
of Nevis, about 60 m. W, of An-
fego, fub. to Great-Britain.
Church stret ton,W. lon.2,
50. lat. 52. 35i a market town of
Shropfhire, 12 m. S. of Shrewfbury,
CHURcnir. r. fort, fit. on the
E. fide of Hud Ton's bay in Britifh
Canada, in America, W. lon. 96.
N. lat. 60. the moft northerly fort,
belonging to the Hudfon's bay com-
pany.
Chusak, or Clieuxan, E. lon.
124. lat. 30. 40, an ifiand on the
E, coaft of China, in Afij, near the
p. ot Chekiam, where the EngliHi
E. Iniu company had a fa^ory, but
were obliged, by the extortions of
tlie natives, to remove.
Chusistan, a pr. on the S.W.
of Perfia, in Afia, having the gulph
of Perfia on the S. and the pr. of
Eyraca Agem^ on the N,
Chuton; W. Ion. 2. 36. lat.
51.25. a m;irket town of Somerfct-
ihire, 7 m. N. E. of Wells,
Cifalu, or Cefulcdi, E, lon. 13,
32. lat. 38. 30. a port town of Sicily,
in the pr. of Valdemona, fit. on a
cape or promontory 36 m. E. of Pa-
lermo. The fee of a bi/h. fub, to
the K. of the two Sicilies.
CiLiciA, anciently a pr. of the
LefTer Afia, fit. on the coaft of the
Mediterranean fea, N,W. of Syria,
now the E. divifion of th.- pr. of
Caramania, in Afiitic Turky.
CiLLEY, E. lon. 15. 35. Jat.
46. 35. capital of the ter. of Cillcy,
in the pr. of Stiria, in the cir, of
Auftria, 47 m. S. of Grat«.
CiNALOA, a pr. of Mexico, in N.
America, lying on the Pacific Ocean,
opp 'fite to the S, end cf Call ornia.
CiNCA, a river of Spain, which
rifcs in the Pyrenean mountains, and
running S.. through Airagon, falls
into the river Ebro.
CiNOLOA, W. Ion. 113. N. lat.
25. a town of N. Am.rica, in the
pr. of Mexico, capital of the ter. of
Cinoloa, fit. 2CO m. W. of the
mines of St. Barbc, and 30 m. E.
of the bay of Callifurnia, fub. to
Spiin.
CiNQ^uE-PORTS, fit, on the coaft
of Kent and Suflex, viz. Haftings,
Dover, Hithe, Romiipy, and Sanil-
wich, under the government of the
conftabie of Dover caftle, had large
privileges granted them on account
of their fetting out /hips for defence
of the coaft againft France j but the
fea is now retired feme diftance from
Rnmney.
CiNTRA, W. lon, 10. 15, lat,
39. a cape and mountain of Portugal,
in the pr. of Eftremadura, ufuilly
called the rock of Lilbon, fit. on the
N. fide of the entrance of the river
Tagus,
C I
C L
CtR CASSIA, is fit. between 40
and 50 degrees of £. lun. and be-
tween 45 and 50 degrees of N. lat.
bounded by Ruflla on the N. by
Aflracan and the Caf^ian Tea on
the £. by Georgia and Dagiftan on
the S. and by the river Don and the
Palus Meotis on the W, The Cir-^
caHlan Tartars are a kind of Re-
public, but fometimes put them-
ielves under the protedlion of Perfia,
and fometimes of Rufiia, or the
Turks, They live in tents moft
commonly, rambling from pUce to
place with their Hocks and, herds.
Their country is now moA taken
n tice of for its beautiful children,
from whence, and the neigh.boui'ing
country of Georgia, the fefagJUos of
Turky and Perfia are ufuall); fupplied
with boys and young virginj. .A(u.
CiRENCZSTER, W. I0II5 2..- ^*'"»
51.42. a borouj^h town of^Cl9cer.
terfhire, fit. on^the river Churn, 15
m. S. E. of <5loctfter ; feuds .two
members to pjarliamei>t.
CiRENZi^, £. Ion. 1$. 45. iat,
40. 40. a jcity q/ Naples, in Italy,
in the pr. o^ th? Bafilicate, fit. 50
m. S.W. of Barri, and 80 m. £. of
Naples.
CiTTAorLLA, E. Ion. 3. 30,
lat. 40. the capital of the ifiand of
Minorca, in the Mediterranean, fit.
23 m. W. of Portmahon, and 60 m.
E. of the city of Majorca, fub. to
Great-Britain. The town of Cit-
tadella and Portmaiion, with the
whole ifland, were reduced by the
confederate fleet, anno 1708, and by
Spain cciied t») Greaf Britain by the
peace of Urrccht, anno 17 13.
ClVIDAD-REAT., W, loH. 4. 20.
Jat, 39, :i city of Spain, in the pr.
of New-Ciftile, the c.pital of La
Mincha, fit. on the rivet Guadiuna,
60 m. S. of Toledo.
CiviPAD-RoDR ICO, W. Ion. 6,
50. lat. 40. 40. a city of Spain, in
th«: pi . of Leon, near th« confine"! of
Portugal, fit. on the river Agnada,
45 m, S.W. of Salamanca J feveral
times taken and reiakcn in the wars
between Spain and Portugal,
;ift<
CivittaCastellaxa.E.Ioo.
13- lat. 42. 15. a city of Italy in the
Pope's ter. in the pr. of St. Pcter't
patrimony, fit. near the river Tiber,
25 m. N. of Rome.
CiviTTA DE Chieti, E. lon.
15. 20. iat. 42. 30. a city of Italy,
in the Hither Abruzzo, in Naples,
fit. on the river Pefcarro, 35 m. E,
of Aquila, and 80 m. N, E. of Na-
ples. The fee of an archb.
CxviTTA Vecchia, E. ion.
iz. 30. lat. 4a. a port town and
fortrefs of Italy, in the pr. of St.
Peter's patrimony, fit. on a bay of
the Tufcan fea, 30 m, N.W. of
Rome, being the ftation ot the Pope's
galleys, and lately declared a free
port by his Holinefs.
Clackmannan, W. lon. 3.40,
lat. 56. 15. a towt fit. on the N,
(hove of the river Forth in Menteeth-
fiiire, 25 m. N. W. of Edinburgh,
where Robert Bruce, K. of Scotland,
had a palace.
Clacenfurt, E. lon 14. iat.
47. the capital of Carinthia, in the
cir. of Auftria, in Germany, 120 m,
S.W. of Vienna.
Clara St. W. lon. 80. S. lat,
3. 30. an jfland of I'eru, in S. A-
merica, fit. on the bay of Cuiaquil,
70 m. S.W. of the city of Guiaquil,
fub. to Spain.
Clare, E, lon. 35 min. lat. 52.
15. a market town of Suffolk, ij
m. S. of Bury J gives the title of
Curl to the D. of Ncwcaflle.
Clare, W. lon. 9. lat. 52.40,
capital of the co. of Clare, in the
pr. of Connaught, in Ireland, fit,
17 m. N.W. of Limerick.
Clarenza, E. Ion. 21, 40. iat.
37. 4«^' the capital of the D. of CI1-
renza, in the Morca, in European
Turkey j a port town, fit. on the
M''diterraneafi, 26 m. S. of Pelra!!,
Clavenna, or Chiavcnnt, E.
lon. 9. 30. lat. 4.6. 15. a town of
the Orilons, in Switzerland, fit. on
the rivci Inn, near the lake Comu,
35 m. S. of Coiie,
Cr. AusENuuKG, E. lon. 22. «;o,
lat, 47, 10, a large city mTiMntil-
▼ani4j
C L
6 O
<nnia, fit. on the river Samei, 55
m. N.W, of Hermanftst.
Clkar cape, a promontory on
a little ifland, on the S.W. coaft of
Ireland.
Clebury, W. Ion. a. 30. lat.
5a. 27. a market town of Shrop-
Aire, 25 m. S.E. of Shrewlbury.
CCKRMONT, E, Ion. 3. 20. lat,
4 5. 42. a city of France, in the tcr.
of Auvergac, in the pr, of Lyonois,
fit. 75 m, W. ot Lyons. The fee
cf a bifh.
Clermont, E. Ion, a, 30, lat*
49. 24. a (own in the ifle of France,
35 m. N. of Pan's.
Clermont, E. Ion. 5. Jat. 49.
10. a town of France, in the pr. of
Ch.impa gn, jo m, S.W, of^ Ver-
dun,
Cleve, or Clef, E. Ion. 5, %6',
lat. 51. 40. the capital of the D, of
Cleve, in the cir. of Wellphalia, in
Germiny, fit, near the V/. fliore of
the river Rhine, 10 m. S. E, of Ni-
megncn, lub. to HriUlia. .
Cleveland, % diftridl in the
North-riding- of yorkfliircj , from
whence the noble family of- Frteroy
take the title of duke.
Cliff, W. k)n. 354nin, lat,-52.
30. a market town ot Northampton-
flliie, 25 m. N. E. of Northanripton,
CLissA,£.lon. 17. 5o.lat,43^.2o,
a town of Dalmatia, fit. 10 m. N.E,
of Spalatto, fub. to the Venetians.
Clisson, W. Ion. I. 15. lat. 47.
10. a town of France, in the pr, of
Britany, 10 m. S. £. of Niints.
Clithero, W. Ion. 2. lat, 53,
46. a borough town of LancaOiire,
lit. 30 m. S. E. of Lancafler ; fends
two members to parliament.
Clogher, W. Ion. 7. 30. lat,
54. 16. a city of Ireland, in the
CO. of Tyrone, and pr. of Ulfter, fit,
to m. W. of Ardmagh. The fee
•f a bifh.
CloNMEl, W. Ion. 7. 38. ht.
52. I?, a town of Ireland in the co,
of Tippcrary and pr. of Munrter, fit.
on the river Sure, 19 m. S.E. of
Tipperary town.
Cloync, E. Ion. S. lat. 51. 40*
a city of Ireland, in the co, of Cork
and pr, of Munfter, fit. 15 m, E,
of Cork. The fee of a bifli.
Clugny, E.lon. 4. 37. lat. 46.
26. a town and abbey in Frante, in
the pr. of Burgundy^ 24 m. S.W,
of Challons.
Cluse, £. Ion; 6, 30. lat; 46.
25. a town of Savoy, in the ter« of
Fofligny, fit. 16 m. S. E. of Geneva,
fub. to the K. of Sardinia.
Clyde, a river df Scotland which
rifes in Annandale, and running N,
W. through Clydefdale, pafTcs by
Lanerk, Hamilton and Glafgow, and
falls into- the Firith of Clyde, ovei
againft the ifie of Bute.
COBLSNTZ, CONFLUENTIA,
£. Ion. 7. 15. lat. 50. 30, a large
city of Germany, in th^e archb. of
Tri«ts, and cir , of the Lower Rhine,
^t. at the confluence of the rivers
Rhine and Molellc, 52 m. N.E. of
Triers, and 36 S. of Cologne, fub.
to the eleftor of Triers.
Coblon, E. Ion. 80. iat. t2,
50. a port town of the Hither India,
in Afia, fit, on the coaft of Corman-
del, n. m. S. of Fort St. George,
the only fettlcment the Ollend E.
India company had in India, and this
they were obliged fo abandon hj the
Englifh and Dutch £. India com-
panies.
CoBRE, a river of Guinea. Set
Ancober.
CoBURG, E. Ion. II. lat. 50. 22,
a town of Germany, in the cir, of
Franconia, fit, 17 m. N. of Bamberg.
CocHiEMj or KocHiBM,£, Ion,
6. 50. ht. 50. 20, a town of Ger-
many, in the cleftorate of Triers and
cir. of the Lower Rhine, fit. on the
Mofelle, ^o m, N. E. oi Triers.
Cochin, E. Ion, 75. lat. 9, 30,
a port town of India on the Malabar
coad, fir, 100 m. S. of Calicut,
where the Dutch have a factory and
a very Arong foit. Afis,
CocNiN- China, fit. between
104 and 109 degrees of £. Ion. and
between 10 and 17 degrees of N. lat.
bounded by the K. of Tonquin on
the N. by the Indian ocean on the
£.
c o
c o
1(1
Set
5°'
lUbar
y and
:ween
and
r. lat.
In on
the
E. and S. and by the K. of Cam- fent the feat of the Begletbcg, ot
budia on the W. being upwatds of TurkiCi Viceroy.
400 ra. in length, and 150 broad; Cogniac, W. Ion. 40 min. lat.
the chief produce of this country is 45.40. a town of France, fit. on
filk and rice. The countries within the river Charente, in the ter. of
the Tropics wiU fcarce produce any Angoumois, so m. W. of Angou-
other grain, and the periodical rains lefme, and 44 m. S. £. of Rochelie ;
fupply them with water for their taken notice of for its excelleat
rice 6elds, and among their animals brancfy.
they have great numbers of elephants, Cogshall, E. Ion. 50 min. lat.
which are the greateft ftrength of 51. 45. a market town in EfTex, dt.
their armies. The king is an abfo- 14 m. N. £. of Chelmsford.
lute prince, and the fentences of the Coimbra, W. Ion. 9, lat. 40;
magiftrates arbitrary, being retrained 20. a large lity of Portugal, in the
by no written laws. Their religion pr. of Beira, fit. on the river Mon-
is downright Paganifm, and they are dego, 96 m. N. of Lifbon.
as luperftitious as any people, great Coirk, or Chur, E. Ion. 9. 25*
obfervers of times and feafons, and
of lucky and unlucky days, and
omens. Wives are purchased her*
as in China, they are not dinted to
any number, and men of the beft
quality v/ill ofl^er their daughters to
lat. 46. 40. the capital of the co.
of the Grifons, in Switzetland, fit.
on the river Rhine, 53 m. S. of
Cooftance.
COKENHAVSEN, £. lon. 2^. liU
57. a fortrefs of Livonia, fit. on the
mcrchant-flrangers for their mifiref- river Dwina, 3z m. £. of Riga, fub.
to Ruifia.
CoLBEKC, E. lon. 16. lat. 54.
15. a port town of Pomcrania, in
Germany, fir. on the Baltic fea, 50
m. N.E. of Scetin, fub. to the K..
of PraOta.
CoLCHESTxi, £. lon. I. lat.
51. 55. a large borough town of
ies. Afia.
COCKEKMOUTH, W. lon. 3. 10.
lat. 54. 35. a borough town of Cum-
berland, fit. on the nvcf Derwent
near the Irifli fea, 25 m. S.W. of
Carlidc ; fends two members to par-
liament.
CocoNATo, E. Ion. ?• lat. 44.
50. a town of Italy, in the pr. of EflTex, fir. on the river Coin, 20 m.
riedmont, 20 m. E. of Turin, faid N.E. of Chelmsford, which has the
to be the pbce where Columbus the grcated manufacture of bays of any
dil'ccverer of America was born. town in Englani^ and they are al*
Con CAPE, W. Ion. 69, 50. lit. lo^ed to have the beft way of im-
42. fit. in the Atlantic ocean, on pioving oyfters ; but it is moft me.
the coaft of New-England, near the morable for the brave defence the
entrance of the harbour of Bofton. cavaliers made againft Fairfax the
CoDOGNo, E.lon. 10.40. lat. 45. Parliament g.-neral, and his b.irbarity
lo. a t )wn of Italy, in the D. of in murdering Sir Charles Lucas and
Milan, 23 m. £. of Pavia. Sir George Lifle, in cool blood, after
CoxsFELDT, E. lon. 6. 40. lut. the town was taken; a grnnd fune-
51. 50. a town of Germany, in the ral was made for them after the
bi(h. of Muniter and cir. of Weft- reftoration, by pubic authority ; it
phaln, fit. on the river Btrker, 23 fends two members to parliament,
m. W. of the city of Munfter. Colchis, the modern Mcngrelia,
CocNi, E.lon. 33. lat. 38. the fit. at the £. end of the Euxine
capital of Caramania m the lefter fea, in Afia,
Alia, called antiently Icunium, wlirre Colerain, W. Ion. 7. lat. 5^«
St. P.iul preached, fit. ico m. N. 10. a gieat town in Ireland, in the
of the Mediterranean fea, and 250 <o. of Londonderry and pr. ofUiftcr,
m. S. £. of Conftantioople, at pie- fit, 9n the river Rann, 5 m. S. of
I the
c o
c o
the ocean, and 25 m, N.E. of Lon-
donderry.
Coi.ESHitL, W. Ion. I. ;;5. lat.
52. 30. a market town of Warwick-
fliirf, fit. 12 m. N. of Warwick.
CoiFORD, W. lon.2. 35. Jat. 51.
45. a market town of Gloucefter*
fliire, 16 m. S.W. of Gloucefter.
CoLiMA, W. Ion. 109. N. Jat.
19. a p' rt town of N. America, in
|hc pr. of Mexico and ter. of Mc-
choacan, fit. at the moutii of a river
near the Pacific Ocean, 300 m. W,
of the city of Mexico.
Col MAR, E. Ion. 7. 14. lat. 48.
6. a town of Germany, in the pr. of
-Ali'ace and cir. of the Upper Rhine,
lit. 30 m. S. of Straiburg, but now
lub. to France,
CoLMARs, E. Ion. 6. 25. lat. 44.
18. a town ot France, in the pr, of
Provence, fit, on the frontiers of
Fiedmonr, 70 m. N. of Toulon, and
18 m. N.W, of GJandeves.
CoLNBROOK, W. Ion. 25 min.
lat, 51. 30. a great, road town of
Buclcingiianjfhire, fit. 15 m. W. of
Lon(i()n,
CoLNE, W. Ion. 2. lat. 53. 45.
a market town of Lancaihiie, lit. 30
xn. S, E. of LancaOer.
CoLocHiNA, E. Ion. 23. lat. 36.
30. a port town oi Turky in Europe,
iit. on the coafl of the Morea, 27 m.
JiJ.E. of Cape Mat?pan.
CoLocz A, E. Ion. 19. 45. lat. 46.
50, a fortitii-'d town of Upper Hun-
gary, fit. on tlie Danube, 50 m. S.E.
oi Buda. The fee of an archb. lub.
to the houfe of Auftria.
CoLOGNA, E. Ion. IT. 46. lat.
^5. 30. a town of It-ily, in the pr.
or Padm, and ter. of Venice, 30 m.
S.W. of Padua.
CoLof NE, E. Ion. 6. 40. lat.
i^O. 50. the capital of the archb. of
Cologne, and ot the cirtlc of the
lower Riiine, in Germany, fit. on
the river Rhine, 45 m. E. of Maef-
tr.cht, ti N. ot Tiijrs, and 400 m.
. N W. of Vienna. It is one of the
Ijr jfcft amd moft elegant cities of Ger-
man) and has n great trade, efpc-
ciaily in wmes j but the flrongih of
its fortifications arc not much to be
depended on j K. Charles II. being
pleafed with the fituation of the
town, fpent the two laft years of his
exile here.
The government of the city is
lodged in the magiftratcs and burg-
hers, confifting of fix burgo-maflers,
feven aldeimen, and 150 common-
council-men, who continue for life,
and two of the burgo-malters are re-
gents annually by turns, but then
the aldermen are appointed by the
eleAor, without whole concurrence
no law can be made, and the eled^ur
appoints the judges in criminal cafes j
he alfo claims the command of the
militia, and the defence of the city,
fo that it aj: pears to be a mixed go-
vernment. The inhabitants are for
the moft part Roman Catholics, but
many of the principal merchants and
tradefmen are Proteftants, of whom
the Lutherans have a church allow'd
them in the city j but the Calvinifts
ars obliged to go as far as Mulheim,
two miles on the other fide of the
Rhine, to their public worrti p. The
elector has two palaces in the city,
but ufually refides at Bonn, 10 m«
S. of Cologne.
CoLCGNE eleiflbrate, extends up-
wards of 70 miles along the weftern
ihore of the Lower Rhine, in Ger-
many, but is not more than 7 or 8
m. broad, fit. between 50 degrees
30 min. and 51. 30. N. lat. and
bounded by the D. of Cleves on the
N. by the livcr Rhine, which di-
vides it from the D. of Berg, on the
E, by the eledorate of Triers on
the S. and by the D. of Jnliers and
the Netherlands on the W. and is
a fruitful country, abounding in
corn, wine, pafture, and all ncccf-
faries of life. The cle£l:or is much
the moft powerful of all the fpiri-
tual dehors, for the prefent Printe
is not only archb. of Cologne, but
biih. of Munftcr, Ofnabrug, Pader-
born and Hildelheim, in moft of
which he is abfolutc, except in fomc
imperial cities or fovcreign ftates,
wl)ich arc goveru'd by their refpec-
tive
c o
c o
tlve magiftrates, and are indeed fo
many republics within his dominions.
The revenues of Cologne are com-
puted to amount to 130,000!. per
annum j and the revenues of tlie reft
of his territories to as much more
at leaft. His family will be taken
notice of hereafter among the reft
of the German princes.
CoLOMB St. W. Ion. 5. 23. lat.
50. 30 a town of Cornwal, fit. 11
ni. W. of Bodmin.
CotOMiA, E. Ion. 25. «;. lat. 47.
30. a town of Poland, in the pr. of
Red Ruflia, fir. on the confines of
'iVanfilvania^ loo m, S.E* of Lem<
b«fg. ::"•*":'/ '_"■ :-^fi;' •'>.-": %"hV'iS'
Cor.oNNA, E. Ion. 13. 19. lat,
42. a town of Italy, in the Campa*
nia of Rom?, fit. 18 m* E. of Rome,
fub. to the Pope.
Colour diamond mines.
See GoLCONDA.
1., Colombo, E. loo. 7S. lat. 7. a
Jfea-port town on the S.W. coaft of
the i(l<\nd of Ceylon, In Afia, Tub.
to the Dutch.
CoLUMNiA, or Kolomna, E.
Ion. 40. lat. 56. a city of. RufTia,
in the pr. of Mofcow; fit. at the
confluence of the rivers Mofcow and
Occa, 40 m. S. E. of Mofcow.
CoLUMPTON, W. Ion. 3. 30.
lat. 50, 50. a market town of De-
von, 12 m. N. E. of Exeter.
CoLURi, a little ifland in the
gulph of Kngin, in the Egean fea,
lit. in 24 degrees of £. Ion. and 38
degrees of lat. 7 m. S. of Athens,
and feparated from the contment by
a ftrait a mile over. King Ajax
who muk.es fuch a figure in the de-
fcripticn of the fiege ot Troy, was
fovereign of this ifland.
Com, E, Ion. 49. lat. 34. a city
of Pcrfia, in the pr. of Eyrcca Agem,
fit. 100 m. N. cf Ifp.fhan ^ a large
populous city, but has fuflered pretty
much in the late civil wars and thui'c
^ithTurky. Afia.
CoMACHio,£. Ion. 13. lat. 45. a
city of Italy, in the Fcrraicfe, fit. in a
murjf?, 37 m. S. E. of Forrara, and
l^ N, of Ravenna, fub. to the I'o^e.
Co MAN A, W. Ion. 64. 30. Ut.
10. 10. a port town, fit. on the
Caracaos coaft, in the pr. of Ten a-
Fiima, in S. America, 35 m. E. of
Laguira, fub. to SpaiU.
CoMANAGOTTA, fit. On the Ca*
racaos coaft, in TerraFirmn, in A-
merica, 10 m. W. of Comaaa, fub.
to Spain.
CoMERCY, E. Ion. 5. 26. lat.
48. 45. a city of French Lcrrain,
20 m. W. of Nancy.
CoMiNEs, E. Ion. 3. lat. 50.
45. a town of French Flandcis fit.
on the Lys, 5 m. S.W. of Menin,
on the lines the French nrndc to
defend their country againft the Au-
ftrian Netherlands.
Co Ml NOES, the Eaftern divifitJi
of Gafio ly in France.
CoMo, £. Ion. 9. 35. lat. 46. a
town of Italy, in the D. of Milan,
fit. on the S. end of the lake Come,
,35 m. N. of Milan, fub. to the houfc
cf Auftria.
CoMoRiN CAPE, E. Ion. 76.
lat. 8. the moft louthern promontory
of the Hither In'lia, in Afia, lying
N.W. of the ifland of Ceylon.
CoMORRA, E. Ion. 18. 16. lat.
48. 15. 8 city of Hungary, on the
Danube, fit. at the E. end of the
ifland ot Schut, 33 m. S. E. of Pre-
fijurgh. WE
CoMPEiGN, E. Ion. 3. lat. 49.
30. a city of France, in the pr. of
the ifle of Fr:incr, fit. on the river
Oyf •, 45 m. N.E. of Paris j here is
a royal palace, at which the King
fometimcs refides. t
CoMPOSTELLA, W. Ion. 9. I5.
lat. 43. the capital city of the pr,
of Galicia, in Spain, fit. 300 m.
N.W. of Madrid, and 47 m, E. of
Cape Fincftene. A large elegant
city, and a flourifhing trade, and
here they afTure us is the tomb of
St. James the Apoftlc, which occa-
fions a prodigious rcfort of Pilgrims
annually from all parts of Europe,
being entitled to large indulgcncies
for this inftance of devotion. It is
the fee of an archb. whofe revenues
amount to 70,000 crowns per ann.
i z and
c o
c o
j» and the revenues of the chapter to
as much j and from this holy city
-the knig,hts of St. Jago, or St. James
.derive their original. They are the
ricrieft order in the K. pc.fTejrtng
87 ccmmandaiies of eft:.tes, amount-
ing to 172000 ducsts or nobles per
.annum. Thty cannot be admitted
• of this order, unlef; they prove their
nobility tor two generations, and
that I hey are defcendcd from the
race of old Gothic Chriftianc, and
their blood has not been mix'd with
that of ihe new ChriJlian?, namely,
converts 1 Jews or Moors,
COMPOSTEI-LA NEW, W. lOH.
no. lar, 21. a city of N. America,
in the pr. of Mexico, and ter. of
Xahfco, fit. near the PaciBc Ocean,
400 m. N.W. of the city of Mexico,
fob. to Spain.
Conception, W. Ion. 83. lat.
10. the capital of the pr, of Vera-
gua, in Mexico, in N. America, fit.
rear the coad of the N. fea, 200 m.
W. of Porto-bello.
Concept TON, W. Jon. 79. S.
Ut. 37. a city of Chili, in S. Ame-
rica, fit. on the Pacific Ocean, 140
jn, S. of St. Jago, being a good har-
bour. 1: ftands in a country that
produces good wine, fub. to Spain.
Concordia, £. loo. ir. ao.
lar. 45. a town of Italy, in the D.
of Aiintua, 15 ro. S.£. of the city
of Mantua, fub. to the huufe of
Auflria. -n- nx
CoNCRisovLT, E, Ion. 2.' 40.
• Jat. 47, 30. a town of France, in
the pr. of Berry, and gov. of Oilea-
• Bois, fit. 25 m. N. of Bourgfb.
CoNDE, E. Ion. 3. 40. ]ar. 50.
.35. a town of the Fremh Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Huinault, fit.
on the river Stheld, i» m. W. of
Mons, and 6 N. E. of Valenciennes.
CoNDBCERO CAP«, W. lon. 93.
Jat. 21. a profoontory of N. Ame-
rica, in the pr. of Jucatan, lOO ni.
W. of Merida.
CoNDONf, E. Ion. 20 min. lat.
44. 5. capit.il of the Condomois,
m the pr, of Gafcony, in France,
tJt^ 60 m. S, E, of Dourdeaux, and
la m. S. W. of Agen. The fee of
a biHi.
CoNDORE, or Pulo Condore, E.
ion. 106. 30, lat. 9. 30, a little
ifiand in the Indian ocean, fit. fo
m. S. of the K. of Cochin China,
It is a fiuitful country, .?nd has a
commodious harbour, which induced
the Englifli EalKlndia company to
inalce a fettlement here, anno T702,
but not agreeing with the native?,
moft of their ft&ors were murdered
by the Cochin Chindfe j and the reft
were driven from thence, anno 1705,
Afia.
CoNFUcivs, a Chinefe phifofo-
pher and law- giver, worlhipped by
the Chinefe,
Con CO, fit, on the W. ccaft of
Africa, between 10 and 20 degrees
of £, Ion. and between the equator
and 18 degrees of S. lat. compre*
hending the countries of Loango,
Angola, and Benguella, is bounded
by the K. of Benin on the N. the
inland parts of Africa on the £. by
Mauman, a part of Caffraria, oa
the S, and by the Atlantic Ocean on
the W, and is fometintes called.
The lower Guiney, where the £u.
ropean merchants purthafe great
numbers of (laves ; the chief town
St, Salvador, It is fub, to feveral
Negro Princes, but as the Portu-
gueze have a great many fettlementt
on this coaft and in the inland coun-
try, they pretend to the dominion df
the whole, and that thofe Princes
are their vafTals } however, the trade
is open to all the nations in Europe
that plcale to traffic with the natives.
The capital of all the Pcrtuguexe
fcttlem«nts in this part of Africa,
is the city of Loango, fit, in a fmatl
IHand near the coaii, in % degteei
S. lat.
CoNiNGSECK, B. Ion. 9. 23,
lat. 47. 50. cap. of the co. of Co-
ninRff !:, in the Circle of Suabia, in
Geru.'.a*', 20 m. N. of Conftance.
CoNi, E, lon. 7. 30. lat. 44. 25.
a ftrong city of Piedmont, in Italy,
capital of the ter, of Coni, fit, un
the river Stura, 32 m. S. of Turin.
and
as
c o
CO
fee of
and 35 N. of Nice, beficged fcveral
times by the French, who have been
as often oblged to raife the fiege,
paiticularly in the year 1744, when
great number* of their troops were
dcllroyed in their attacks, or by the
badnefs of the feafon and the roads,
in their retreat. A battle alfo was
fought near this city during the laft
iiege, wherein great numbers were
killed on b Jth Tides, and the K. of
Sardinia was obliged to retire and
leave the French mafters of the field,
however, he found an opportunity of
throwing a reinforccmciit of troops
into the city during the aclion, and
tlie French were fyon after obliged
to retire from befoie it.
Conn AUGHT, the moft vvefterly
pr, of Ireland. ■■■vrt-?'! .' -
Connecticut, a pr* bf New-
England, in America, -boURdcd by
the MaHifcchufbt colony on the N. E.
by the fea on the S. and by Naw-
York oa the W, being stout 100
Di. in length, and ,80 in; breadth.
This colony, tho' ufually ftileda pr,
of New-Eugiand, is a ditft nd govern-
ment, ^id of a differejjt form from
that of New- England; -having the
choice of their own governor, deputy-
governor, coMOcil and aflet»)bly,«K the
colony of Rhodc-Ifland have (thb*
that alfo is frequently deemed de-
pendent on ^Iew>iinglilnd) .and thcfe
are called charter governments.
Con NO a, W. Ton, 6, 30. lat. 54.
50, a ciry of Ireland^ in the co. of
A^itrim, and pr. of Ulflcr, fit. 6 m.
^. of Antrim. The fee of a bifti.
. .fZoaqxjzv^HA or Conquee, W.
Jon. 3. 5p. Ut. 47. 55. a port town
pf Pritany, in France, fit. en the
b»y of Cil'cay, /^ m. S/E. of Bred,
ai»d a8 N.VV. of Fori Lewis,
CoNq_UET, W. loii. 4. 46. lat.
4S. J.6. a Jiuie port town of France,
in the pr. of Britany, (it. 8 m. W.
CfBreft.
CoNsr AUTiNow, E. Icn, zf).
40, lat, 50. a tpwn of Pclmd in the
pr. ;of Volbinia, 90 m. N. ot K:i-
Diinec.
CONSTANCf, £, lofU 9. 12. lat.
47. 37. an elegant city of Germany,
in the cir. of Suabia, fit. on the S.
W. ftiore of the lake of Conftance.
60 m. S.W, of UUn, and as many
S. £. of Friburg. It is the fee of a
bi/h» who is a prince of the Empire,
but fub, to the houfe of Auftria.
Here was held a council, anno 1514,
for putting an end to a fchifm in the
church, three Popes pretending a
right to the infallible chair at the
fame time j they were all depofed,
anJ Martin V. eledted Pope. In this
council the doctrines of Wickliii*
were condemned for hercfy, and his
bones ordered to be burnt 40 years
after he was dead*
Constance take, on which
tlie city iksniify is 21 m. lone, and
8 or. 10 broad, and the river Rhine
runs thriiugh it with fo Arong a cur-
r^n^ that if does not mix its wate{9
with thofdof the lake as 'tis faid. •'
L Co;<STANTINA, E. lon. J. lat.
35» 30.. 'the capital of the pr. of
Conltantina, in the K. of Algiers,
is^ Africa,! lit. 125 m. S.E. of Al-
giers, and 90 m. S. of liona.
, COjVSTANTINA FROVINGK, 19
bounded by the Mediterranean Sea on
the N. by 'the, rivtr Guadilbmhar,
which, fcparates it from the K. of
Tunis on the K. Bilduloered on tho
S. and the pr. of Bugia on the W.
CoNSEkANS, or COUSESANS,
the S. W» divifion tof Gafcony jn
France. f\.,fv
Constantinople, E. lon, 29.
15. lar. 41. r^o. the mer. vf the
Turkilh empiie, ancieijily cilk-d Bv-
zantium, and by the Turks at tfiis
day, Scanib jul, but, frequently, by
European nations, the I'ort 9 being
otie <A' the fccureft and moft com-
modious h;irbours in Europe. It is
fit. on the wcftern fhore of the R >(-
plio.rus, orSljait of Conftantinople,
in the pr. of Romania. The city
is built in the ft-.rn» of a trir.njjilv.
and the around rifing gradually fri>m
the fliore, the whole town appears
at one view from tfic fen. 1 he ic-
lajiiio, or palace, is built npon a
point of the trian^l^-, wh'cn tuu%
1 3 out
CO
€ O
jsiit between the PropMti} and the
Jhaibour, and uoderneath the palace
are the gardens, which extend to
the water fide. It h furrounded by
• wail of no great flrengrh, about
iz m- in circmnference, exdafive of
Calata, and the other faburbs. The
A^eets are narrow, and the private
houfes mean, built chieAjr of woed,
fo that when a fire happens, thou-
finds of them are fometiraes de-
jRroyed } but the pobJic buildings,
palaces, mofqaes o^ templesy baghibs,
and caravanferas for tlie eiit'tiitaift-
ment of ftrangerS, are mai^ of them
very magnificent. The cKief mofqiie
'particularly, which wis formerly the
3nerropi»litan church of St. Sh^hi8> is
laid to be the fined templcr rn the
world, covered with five eiltnffiie
•toryjeiortopdlrt.*' '^^ ' ^
There is a p^ftlit^'hr^et dtffly
l)e!d at Conftanline^e for "^^r? of
both fejfey, wl«N?<'' ftit^ ptirchiije
wives> concubftics^ and ' fe;^arit$ at
•pleafure, who havi'bceii eiflief taJcrfn
prjibners in Chiiftiarf'cotrritrl^, or
purchafed' by Itrulcefs «T the.ir"fVi«rnds.
The* brokers irk ^ereralif ■ J-iws,
wh» make a trade Of ^rc'harfihg
children in Georgia, Circifflst, and
other Chriftian or Pagan codoltict^
and felling them to the Turks for
no Mahometan isf' made a Aave, and
indeed they olfer freedom to their
Chri^ftian captives of the male fcx,
< if they will apofbtiae, but as for the
women, thty will never part with
tltera, or' make them an offer of
their liberty. It is not material,
-they think, wkat religion women
ire of, and oftner take Infidels, as
they caH them, into their embraces,
than native Tarks^
CoNTEssA, £. 100.25. I^t. 41;
» port town of Turky, in the pr.
•f Macedonia, fit. at the bottom of
a bay io the European Archipelago,
aoo ro. W. of Conftantinople, attd
60 m. E. of Saionithi.
CoNTi, E. Ion. *► 20, fat. 49..
40. a town of France, in the gov. of
^ic.-'rdjr, t$ ni. S.W, of Amiens.
^oiiWAY, W, loa». 3. CO, lat.
53. 20. a market town of Camaf.
vonfhire, in N. Wales, fit. near the
fea, at the mouth of the river Co&->
way, 15 m. W. of Sr. Afaph.
CoKzA, £. Ion. i6. lat. 41. a
town of Naples, in Italy, in the
furrher principal, fit, on the river
Offanto, 5om.S.£. of the city of
Naples. The fee of an archb.
Coos, or Longo, £w 100,27. 3^*
lat. 37. an iflMid of the Archipelago,
fit. near the S. W^coift of Natoha, or
the Lelfe* Alia, 50 m. N.W. of the
ille of Rhodes, fub. to the Turks.
CopkNtiACEM, £. Ion. 13. iat.
55. 30. the capital of the K. of
Dsnniark, fit. on the eaftern fhore
of ths ifland of Zealand, upon a fine
bay bf the Baltic fea, near the fhrait
called thdStmnd, having a cOmmo-
di<tDS'harbOar^ not being diAant above
16 m. from the coafl of Schonen,
in S«Kede<l. ' T^hc town is about 5
1^. in' cii^c\]mference, and naturally
f^rong, Aanding in a niarfhy ground^
land futtiBed after the niodern way.
The harbour furrounded by forts and
platforms; and the entrance fo nar.
iosir, Ih3t'but ooefhip'can paf« in at
a time, but it appears that their forti-
ficatioos cannot protedl them againfl
a btnhbardnient-at fea, nor are they
f^ur<* on that &di alwaya againft the
attacks of a land army, for it feems
the Baltic has been lb hard frozen
(omt years, that the Swedes have
drawn their artillery over the ice,
and laid fiege to Copenhagen 'n the
winter J and, as the town lies in a
morhfs, it is more eafily approached
on the land fide in winter, than
funvmer. The buildings of this city
make no great figure, but here is a
uhiv, and an academy eftablifhed
for miartial rxercifes and engineering,
and others for the modern languages
and mathematics. It was the fee of
an archb. but the Danes, like other
Liither^in Sovereigns, have reduced
thtlr bifhops and archbifliops to fu-
pcrintendants, and Gripped them of
their lands and revenues, as well as
their power, (\ipcnhagea (lands about
290 ai, S,W, of Stockholm. 450
50-
of
c o
c o
N. W. of Vienna, and 500 N, E. *f
London.
COOLTICORMACK, W. loH. $,
46. lat. 52. II. a town of, IrelaDd«
in the co. o( dxk. an4 pr. of
Munder, fit. 24 miles $• of JLim-
xnerick.
CoFHTi, the anci«nt inhabitants
of Egypt, and a ie& o( ChftdMas
there ilijl denominatod Cophti.
CopiAPOj.W. lo*i 75. I»t. as.
a pert town of ChUi» ji) S.VVpjsricgi,
fir. 500 m, N.sflff St, Jage,.«n the
coaft of the Papific ocean,, and at
the mouth of a rjver ^f th« fime
name, fub. to Spain* > .
CoQ^uiMBo, W. Ion. 75.(10. S.
lat. 30. a poft townQf,,CJii)li,,in S.
Ameiica, fit. at : the moath of the
rirerCoquimbO) on thp Paciftc ocgsui)
a6o m. N. of St. J^gp. A^giwd
hatbour, fub. toSp^io. .t:.i*
CoRBACii, E»rl|?n. 8t'S^ ^^•
51. 20. a to\yn «f QermaQyrin the
Lan. of HeHeand cif.of the Upper
Rhine, fjt. aS mile^ W. of Caffd,
fub. to Pr. Wald^ck.,
CoRBEc*>E»ion. 4, 45, Iar»*j;-i.
a towji of Bipabaat^ in the Au^ian
Netherlands, %M, ^» £• of Louyaiq.
CoRBcii,, £«<.lQn, 2f 3Q.V iat.
48. 3-5. a liul« twu^'fiu on |th<j fi-
ver Seyoe^ in the il3is •f^ Fr/)90e,
16 m. S, of I'afis, , ' ■. , --,
CoRBEii,, ■£. lop* 9ir4S>>lajt.
50. a little city of France, ip the pr.
of Picardy, (it. on the river Somnie>
7 m, E. of Amiens.
Corby abbey and town, E. Ipn.
9.20, Jat>.^i. 40. fit. in Germany,
on the S. £. confines of Weftphalia,
lying on the river Wefer, 30 m» E.
of Padcrborn.. The abbot whereof
is a foveregn Prince, and has a place
in the diet of the empire, his ter-
ritories about the tqwn being pretty
extenfive,
CoRDELBRAE,. mQuntaios ia S^
America. Sec Andes,
CoBDOUA, W. Ion.. 4. 45. Ut.
37. 45.. a city of Spain, capital of
the ter> of Cordoua,. in the pr. of
AndnlaHa, fit. on the river Guadal-
^Iver, 72.m,.N. £. of SeviUe^ acd
75 N, of Malaga. Tk&Jfee of a biAb
and the place of Seneca's nativity
and Lucan*s, ft is ajarge city^ con.
taining 140^ families, has a univ.
and a gqod trade in wine, filk, and
Cordovan leather.
Cordovan tower, W. Ion. i,
■ 15. lat. 45. 35. a remarkable light-
houfe "te mouth of the river Ga-
ronne, M France, in (he province of
Gtuienne.
^ CqifXA, an iOand or fenlnfula,
qh the-N. E. of China, between ix>
?nd 1 30 degrees of E. Ion. and be-
tween 3^6 and 42 degrees of N. lat.
bouoded.by Tartary on the N, by
the JI(Klian oeean, which feparates it
from Japan, on the £. by theKang
/ea «^Id bay «f Nanktp, on the S.
aifid bj( the pr. of ^.eatong on the W.
fa id to heve good min^s of gold and
,filver« $ib.4o^JbiAa.
, CoJiri^ <:a»tlk, W.-lon. 2. i«,
.lat.^50. 36,, a baraugh town of Dor-
■ jfetihire, iit. .near t^f fea, zi m. £.
^ of Dorfheilf^r. f fends two members
,,i;6 parMa^ient.
_^Co»jr«, E^ iw^ 3,o..4e.>lat. 3^.
40., ciHrlf'^ 9^ ^^^ ifi»ni of Corfu,
j^fij>^^;,P)e ^d«terranean« near tbe
, jyjtranff* |rtE the gnlph .of Venice,
^p^fit^ to ^the town of^ ButrinH>>
in t^e pr. of j^pim:;,. ir) Eurcpejinr
1 Xurky^ lying but 10 m. W. of that
,K^\y, fub, to the Venetians*
;> Corfu iAand, is about 35 m*
.long and, 10 abroad, l)>Bg about 4,
^ m« W. of the coail of E pirns.
CoKiA, W. Icn. 6. 40*. lat. 30..
55. .a city, of Spain, in the pr. of
Eftremacjura, fir» 35 m. N« cf Al-
. cantara, end P50 m. S. W. of Ma*
.drid, and is the fee of a bi/h. ,
CORIENTZS CAVr., W, loiI»
III. lat. 20. a prrmontory on the
"W. coaft of Mexico, in America,
fit. on, the Pacific cccan, xoo m, S«.
of XalifcQ..
CoRiMjH, B.. ten. 93. lat. 37^
30. a city of European I'urky, c !•
fed by them Gcreme, fitr near the
lAhmus, between the gu'phs of £n-
gia and Lepanto, having Achaia on
the N*. and tU Monea on the S* 50
c o
c o
in, W. of Athens, 80 m. E, of Pa-
tras, and 60 m. N. of Lacedemon,
or MiHcra. The buildings are not
now contiguous, but intermixed with
fields and gardens, which makes it
Jook like a villa '• The caftle is
fit. on a high A^v^ rock above it, of
very difficult accefs. The country
about it abounds with corn, wine
and oili From the caftle there is
cne of the fineft profpedls in the
world, having the Tea in full view
en the £. and W. and a fine coun-
try N. and S. The narroweft part
of the Ifthmus is about fix miles
over, and on a mount there, called
Oneius, were anciently celebrated
the Ifthmian games.; there are ftill
the ruins of a town upon it, and of
temples dedicated to the Sun, 'Nep-
tune, Diana, Fluto, Cetes and Bac-
chus, and fome remains of the .wall
. built by the LacedennonianB, crofs
the Ifthmus from fea^to'fea;^o fe-
cujc the Peloponnelian peninfula
from the incurflons of the Athenians,
which the Venetians repaired when
they were in polleifion of, the Morea.
The inhabitants of Corinth ar'e mofl
of them Chriftians,. and it is the fee
of a Grecian archb. but fub. to th^
Turks, as all Greece and the Morea
are at this day. The Venetians !oi1
the Morea without fighting one batue
fw it, in the year 171 5*
..•• GoRXTA, W. Ion, 5. zp, ht. 31.
5. a town of Spain, in the pt. of
JLeon, 23 m. B^of Salamanca.
Cork, W. Ion. 8, z$\ lat, 51.
40. the capital city of the^ co. of
Cork, in the pr.of Munfter, in Ire-
lind, flt.'on the river Lee, 126 m.
S.W.' of 'Dublin, and 50 m. S. of
l^tmerick. It is a port town, and
tqtials"any town in Ireland, except
DuMm, in its trade, and i^ the fee
cf a hifh.
"CWrmamdel coaflr, E. Ion, So.
a,nd between 10 and 20 degrees cf
K. lat; being the eaflern coaft of the
Hither India, bounded by Golcond^
Oh the N. the bay of Bengal on the
£. Madura on the S. and Bifnagar
proper on the Wr but it is fcmet mes
extended from Cape Comorin to Ma>
Ailapatan, in 16 degrees N. lat. On
this coaft lies Maderas and Fort St.
George, and many other European
forts and fadoriesj from whence,
chints, calicoes and muHins, are
imported into Europe, and feme dia-
monds. It is fub. to the Mogul,
formerly a pr. of the K. of Bifnager,
but conquered, with moil part of
the Peninfula, by the ^eat Mogul
Aurengiebe. '.^rr* .,:-■. .>
Cornet, W. ion. 2.40. lat. 49.
40. a caftle on the iftand of Guern-
fey, in the pr. of Normandy, in
France, fub. to Great-Britain.
CoRNETo, E. Ion. 12. 35* latf
42. 20. a little city of Italy, in the
D. of Caffro, in the Pope's ter. fit.
on the river Marta, 4 m. E. of tljc
Tufcan fca, and 36 in. N. W. of
Rome. The fee of a bifti.
'Cc^RNWAL, themoft.weflerlyco.
of Engjaud, from whence the I\.
of Wales takes the title of D. it
lends. j4 members t9 parliament.
CoRC, W. Jon* 6gr. lat. ir. a
poVt town on .the Caracoa coaft, in
the pr. of Terr? Firma, in S. Ame-
rica, fit. ki thel^'ottom of the gulph of
Vieneiuelai^o gi. W. of LaGuaira.
.^C6rp"n, Et Ion. 22. Ut. 36. 30.
a pprt tojvn of European Turky,
Jii the^tefj'of ^elvid^re, in the Mo-
-rea, jut. on all^ay pf the Mediterra-
nean, 86 m. S. cf Patras, and 40 av*
W, qf Lacederoon j feid to be a
Hfong place, but made little d«'ence
in.the year 1715, when the Turks
took it^tVqin the Venetians with the
heft of the Morea.
CoRRECio, E, Ion. 11,-X^iyht*
44. 40? sf town ofltaly, in the D,
of Modena, ip m* N. W. of the
city of Modepa,
CoRSA.i^s, ^^urlciA rovers or
ipriVflteers.. , . s .-
Corsica, an ifland in the Me-
diterrapean, between 8 a^ 10 dc^
grees of E. jont'and between 41 and
43 degrees of N, lat. loocp. S.. of
Genoa, fub. to that republic. '
Coifica was taken from the Sara-
cens by the Genccie, and iheir Vice-
roy
c o
c o
or
roy is governor of the ifland. The
Doge of Genoa is crown'd at his
acceiTion as K. of CorHca. The
natives have for many years been in
arms againft their Sovereign?, the
republic of Genoa, for which they
affi^n the tyranny of that govern-
ment, while the Genoefe charge
them with being a feditious, faftious
people, and by the affiftance .of the
Jate Emperor of Germany, and fmce
by the afliftance of French forces,
have reduced them very low.
CoRTATE, E. Ion. 77, lar. 8. a
town of the Hither Pennfula of In-
dia, a little N. of Cape Comorin.
CoRTE, E. Ion. 9. 30. lat. 41.
^o. a town of Corfica, At. near the
middle of the illand, 40 m. S. of
Baftia.
Cor T 1 9, E. Ion. 5. 5. lat. 50.
45. a town of the bifli. of Liege,
in Germany, fit. 16 m. N. W. of
the city of Liege, and 10 N. £. of
Kamtllies.
CoRTONA, E. Ion. ](3>.Iat. 43.
,15. a city of Tufcany, in Italy, fit.
35 m. S. E. of Sienna.
CoRUNNA, or the Grotni,
W. Ion. 9. lat. 43. to. a port town
of Gallicia, in Spain, At. on a fine
bay of the Atlantic ocean, 32 m, N.
of Compoftella, and 16 m. S. W. of
Ferrol. To this port the Engl i A
pacquet boat always goes in time of
peace.
CoRvp, W. Ion, 32. lat, 40.
the moft wpfterly of the iflands of
Azores, or Terceras, fit. in the At-
lantic ocean, between Europe and
America, where it is obferved the
needle has no variation. It is a very
fwall idand,^ and this and the nei^h.
bouring ifland of Flores, produce a
variety of beautiful flowers, from
whence it obtained that name.
They are all fub. to Portugal.
CoRzoLA, or CvRscotA, E.
k)n. 18. lat. 42. 35. an ifland, fit.
in the gulph of Venice, divided from
Ragufa, in Dalmatia, by a narrow
firait.
CosENZA, £, Ion. x6. 35. lat.
J"
the
oft
gir
»v«
city of Naples, capifal of
Hithi Cala' ria, fit. 15 m. K.
^ fe. and m. N. E. of Reg-
The fee an archb.
m:>', E Ion. f' to. lat.
54. 10. a town of Er T . «rg Po .
merania, in Germany, to m. i%
of Coiberg.
COSMOPOLI. Sec > itTO FEm
RAIJO.
C08SACKS, people inhabiting the
banks of the rivers Nicper and Don,
near the Black-fea, and the frontiers
of Turky. Their country, ufu.iUy
called the Ukr.iin, and for the moft
part fub. to Ruflia.
CossANo, £. Ion. 17. lat. 40*
a city of the Hither Calabria, in
Naples, fit. 15 m. W. of the gulph
of Otranto, and 25 m. N. of Rof*
iano. The fee of a biih.
CosTA-RicA, a pr. of Mexico,
in America, bounded by the N. fea
on the N. E. and the iPaciiic Ocean
on the S. W, by the pr. of Nicara-
gua on the N. W. ^nd of Veragua
on the S. £. The chief town New
Carthage, fub. to Spain.
CoTHUsi, a town of Geranjiny,
in the ter. of Lufatia, and cir. «f
Upper Sixony, fit. on the river Spree,
50 m. N. £, of Drefden*
Cot RON A J, E. Ion, 17. 40. Iat«
3^*. 50, a town of Naples, in the
Further Calabria, fit. on the coaft of
the Mediterranean, 15 m. S. £. of
St. Severino. The fee of a bi^.
CovENTRV, W. Ion. I. 26. lat.
52. 25. a city in Warwickfliire, fit.
80 m. N. W. of London, and 10 ro.
N, of Warwick. The city and ter.
about it a co. of itfelf ; the fee of a
biih. a -v' '.nds two members to par-
liament ; and from this city the earjs
of Coventry take their and name title.
CovERDEN, £. Ion. 6. 45. \»t»
52. 50. a town of Holland, in the
pr. of Overyfiel, fit, near the con-
fines of Weftphalia, 40 m. N. W.
of Deventer ; a fortrefs in the mar-
flies, ftrong by nature, as well as
by art.
CouLAN, or QuiLdN| £. Ion*
75t
c o
C R
75* 30» 'at. 8. 30. a fort, or fac-
tory, upon the weft or Malabar
coaft of the Hither India, in Afia,
60 m. S. of Cochin, fub, to the
Dutch.
Covrxn, orCoutEN, W. Ion.
g. lat. 56. 33. a town of Scotl.iml,
in the CO. of Angus, fit. la m. N. E.
of Perth,
CouRiAND Duchy, is fit. be-
tween 21 and 26 degrees of E. Jon.
and between 56 degrees 30 min. and
57 degrees 30 min. N, lat. bounded
I,, by the river Dwina, which divides
it from Livonia on the N. by Li-
tliuania on the E. by Samogitii on
the S. and by the Baltic fea on the
W, being about 130 m. long, and
30 broad. It is uluaJly reckoned a
■ pr. of Poland, but the Courlanders
cleft their own Princes, and are go-
verned by their own laws. They are
influenced however in their choice,
either by the Poles, or the Ruflians,
»nd the latter feem to have the great-
eft influence on them at prefent,
as they are the moft powerful nation.
The capital city is Mittau. '♦ ■" '
CoUrtenai, E. Ion. 3. lat.'4S.
a town of France, fit. in the ifle of
France, 55 m. S. E. of Paris.
CouRTRAV, E. Ion. 3. 10. lat,
♦ 50. 48. a town in the Auftrian Ne-
therlands, fit. on the river Lys, 23
m, S. W. of Ghent, and 14 m. E.
cf Ypres, fub. to the houfe of Au-
ilria.
♦" CouTANCES, W. Ion, 1. 32. lat.
49. 10. a port town of Normandy,
capital of the Coutantin, fit. 36 m.
S. of Cherburg, and ibo W. of
Rouen. The fee of a bifti.
CouTRAs, W. Ion. i6hitn. lat.
45. 5. a town of France, in the pr.
of Guiertne, fit. 20 m. N. E. of
Bourdeiux.
CowES, W. lorf. 1.25. lat, Jo.
*45' 3 town atid harbour on the
N. co:ift of the ifie f^ Wight, fit.
8 miles S. W. of Poruu. th, in
Hampfliire.
Cowi'ER, W, Ion, 2. 46. lat,
• 56. 2O1 a pari, towa of Scotland,
in the co. of Fife, fit. 10 m. W, of
Sr. Andrews.
CoxwoLD, W. lor, 50 min. lat.
54. 20. a market town, in the N.
riding of Yorkfliire, fit. 14 m. N,
of York.
CozuwEL, W. Ion. 89. lat. 19.
an ifland near tiie W. coaft of Jti-
catan, where Cortez lan.led and rc-
frefhed his troops, before he entered
on the conqueft of Mexico, now fub.
to Spain.
Cracow, E. Ion. 19. 30. lat,
50. fomecimes reckoned the capital
c'ty of Poland, fit. in the pr. of
Little Poland, and pal. of Cracow,
in a fine plain, near the banks of
the Viftula 5 the beft built town in
the K. It is the fee of a bifh. and
a univ. Here the fupreme courts of
juftice are held, and the regalia ar«
kept in the caftle. It ftands about
40 m. E. of the frontiers of Silefia,
and 140 S. W. of Warfa\v.
Crail, or Careil, W. Ion.
2. 26. lat. 5^. 17. a pari, town of
Scotland, fit. on the fea coaft of the
CO, of Fife, 7 miles S. E. of St*
Andrews.
Cranganor, E. Jon. 75. 5,
lat. 10, a Dutch factory on the M:t-
labar coaft, in the Hitherrlndia, iin
Afia, 30 m. N, of Cochin.
Crapack. See Carpathian
raountains.
Crato, W. Ion. 8. lat. 38. 56,
a town in Portugal, in the pr. of
Alentejo, fit. 7 m, W. of Porta-
legre.
Craven, a divifion of the W,
riding of Yorkfliire, fit. on the ri-
ver Are.
Crediton, W. Ion. 3^ 50. lat,
50. 50. a market town in Devon,
where there is a confiderable woollen
• manutaiftory, fit. 9 miles N. W. of
Exeter. The town was almoftde-
ftroyed by fire, on the 14th of Au-
guft, 1743 ; the lofs in goods and
houfes computed at 50,0001. and
upwards, but large contributions were
made in all parts of the K. fur their
-relief.
Crema,
C R
C R
m
CiEMA, E. Ion. 10. 15. lat. 45,
20. a city of Italy, capital of ihe
Crcmafco, in the ter. of Venice,
50 m. E. of Milan, and 35 W. of
M'Jntua. The fee of a biib.
Cremien, E. Ion. 5. 25. lat,
45. 45. a town of France, in the
pr. of Dauphine, fit. on the river
Rhone, 20 m. E. of Lyons,
Caemona, E. Ion. 10. 30. lat.
45. a city of Italy, capital of the
Ciemonefc, in the D. of Milan, fit.
on the river Fo, 45 m. S. E. cf
Milan. Here the Imperial general
Pr. Eugene of Savoy, furprized the
French general Marrtial Villcroy in
Jhis bed and carried him ofF, anno
1702, and had taken the city, but
the troops appointed to fuppott him
Joft their way. The Pr. entered
the town in the night-time by a
fubterrancous pafTaiie, which had
been an aquedudl, and retired the
fame way with little lofs. » j .,-|
Crescent iNO, E. lop. 7. 50.
lat. 45. a city of Italy, in the pr.
of Piedmont, Ht. 25 m. N. E. of
Turin, and 3 N. of Verue.
Crespi, E. Ion. 2. 50. lat. 49.
20. a town of France, in the pr, of
the ifle of France, lit. 37 m. N. E.
of Paris.
Ckessv, E. Ion. 2. lat. 50. 20.
d town of France, ii. the pr. of Pi-
cardy, fit. 44 m, S. of Calais, and
27 N. W. of Abbeville ; made me-
morable by the viftory obtained by
Edw. Ill, K. of England, over'' the
French near this place, anno 1346.
Crest, £. Ion. 4, 50. lar. 44.
42. a town of France, in the pr. of
Dauphine, 48 m. S. of Vienna,
Crevant, E. Ion, 3. 45. lat,
47^. 35i a town of France, in the
pi. of Burgundy, fit. to miles S,
of Auxerre, and 60 miles N. £. of
Bourges.
Crevecour, E, Ion, 3. 5, ]at.
50. a town irj the French Nether-
lands, in the pi. of Cambray, 5 m.
S. of the city of Cambray^
CrtuT-zNACH, E. Ion. 7. 15,
lat, 49. 50. n city of Germany, fit.
in the pal. in the cir. of the Lower
Rhine, 17 m. S. W. of Mcntx.
Cricklade, W. Ion, 1, 55;
Jar. 51. 3^, a borough town of
Wilt/hire, fit. on the river Ifis j
26 m. S. W. of Oxford : here the
river begins to be navigable j fends
two members to parliament.
Crim - TARTAR V, the ancicHt
Taurica Cherfonefu"!, is a Pcninfu!a,
fit, in the Black -fea, between 33
and 37 degrees tf E. Ion. and be-
tween 44 and 46 degrees of N, lat.
having the Pains Meotis o« the N,
E, and the Black -fea furrounding
the reft, except a narrow ifthmvjs
which joins it to Little Tartary, the
chief towns whereof are Bachiferai
and KafFa ; the town of Crim, from
whence it received its name, b '.ig
reduced to a village. The Tatt rs
whit-h inhabit thisPeninfuh are fub,
to the Turks, who were not able to
defend them from the invafions and
ravages of the RufTians, in the years
17 j3 and 173Q, though tiie RuUians
quitted the country ngain, as not te-
nab'e, bring too far from their fron-
tisirs. The Cham or Han of Crim-
Tartary, is obliged, to furniih the
Turks with a body of 30,000 men,
when they take the field j they fub-
fift on their plunder, having nootl^er
pay ; every man takes two or three
horfes with him on their incurfiens,
to carry off their flaves and booty,
and whenever they lofe a hctfe,
they immediately feaft upon him,
inviting their comrades to the enter-
tainment. When they are not at
war, their chief traffic is in buying
up children in Circaflia, and other
countries, and felling them to the
Turks, who give them rice, coffee,
raifms, dates and cJoathing, in re-
turn. The country is naturally fruit-
ful, and produces excellent wine,where
there are Chriflian or Jcwi/h inhabi-
tants J but this being a liquor prohi-
bited the Mahometans, they do not
cultivate the vine, or indeed any other
produce of the earth, any further
than ncce/Cty compeli them.
Choa''
C R
Croatia, a frontier pr. of Ger-
many, bounded by ScLivonia on the
N. and E. by Burnia on the S, and
by Carnlcla on the W, fub. to the
houfe of Auftiis.
Crocceus, or Ho am bo, a ri-
ver of China, in Ada, rifes in the
mountains on the W. of the pr, of
Suchijcn, and runs along the fron-
tiers of Tattary beyond the great
wall, which it re-enters, and then
runs S. between the provinces of
Xanfi and Xenfi, and pafTing on E.
through the provinces of Honan,
Xantum and Nankin, afrcr a co-jTfe
of near 2000 m. falls into the bay
of Njnkin, carrying with it a yel-
low fort of lime or mud, from
whence it is fomctimes called the
yellow river. And neither the wa-
ters of thi", or any other of the
Chinefe livers, are fit 10 drink till
they are boiled, which is fuppofed
to be one reafon of boiling and in-
fufing tea in them.
Crokehorn, W, Ion. 3. lat.
5c. 50, a market town of Somer-
fetihire, fituatc 13 miles S. W, of
Wells.
Cromartic, W. Ion. 3. 40.
lat. 57. 40. capital of the fliire of
Cromartie, in Scotland, fit. on the
German Tea, at the mouth of the
Frith of Cromartie, i» m. N. £. of
Invernefs. * ^.-^ . •
CaoMKR, E. Ion. i, 4^. lat. 54.
50. • market town in Norfolk, fit.
J4 m. N. of Norwich.
Cronach, E. Ion. 11. »o. lat.
50. 15. a town of Germany, in the
circle of Franc 'uia, and bifhop of
Bamberg, fituate lo miles Noith
Eafl of Bamberg, and fubj 'ft to that
bifliop.
CuoNiBt/no, E. Ion. 8. 15.
lat, 50. 15. a town of Germtny,
fu. in the land of Htfle«CalTe!, and
fub. to the Landgrave, fit, lo m.
N. of Francfort.
Croncnburc, E. ion. 11. 5.
lat. 56. a fortrer? of Denmark, fir.
en the ifland of Zchnd, at the en-
trajice of the Sound ^ where the
CU
Danes^take toll of fuch /hips as are
bound for the Baltic.
Cronslot, or Crown-cas-
TL«, E. Ion. 30. lat. 60. a caftle
and harbour in the little ifland of
Cronflot, in the mouth of the river
Neva, and entrance of the golph of
Finland, in RufTia, fit. 12 m. W,
of Peterfburgh, a ftation of the Ruf-
fian men of war j where there are
great magazines of naval flares and
docks, and yards for building of
fhips.
Cronstat, E. Ion. 45. lat. 47,
a town of TranfiWania, fit. near the
frontiers of Moldavia, 50 m« N, E.
of Hermanftat, fub. to the houfe of
AuOria.
Crosskk, E. Ion, i^;, 30. lat.
52, 5. a town of Silefia, fit. on the
Oder, 35 miles N. W. of Glo-
gaw.
Crotoy, E. Jon. I. 30. lat. 50.
15. a town rf France, fit. in the pr,
of Pic.irdy, at the mouth of the
river Sommt , 14 m. N, W, of Ab-
beville.
Cr OWL AND, W» Ion. 10 min.
lat. 52. 40. a market town in Lin-
colninirp, fir. 35 m. S. of Lincoln,
and 22 N. W. of Ely.
CroYPOK, W, Ion. 5 min lat.
51. 22. a matket town in Surry, fit.
10 m. S. of London.
Cruz, or Cro»x St. W. ion,
64. lat. 17. 30. onf of the Canb-
bec iHands in America, fit. in the
Atlantic ocean, 60 miles S. E. of
Porto Rico, fub. to France.
CvBA, an ifland of N. America,
fit. in the Atlantic ocean, between
74 and 87 degress of W. Ion. and
between 10 and 23 degrees of N,
lat. being 800 m. and (<pward8 in
length from E. vo W. and generally
about 70 m. broad. A ridge of hills
pretty well covered with wood, run-
ning thnvjgh the middle nf the
ifland from E, to W. but the lands
near the coaft generally a plain
champaign country. There are a
great many rivulets running from
the hills N. and S. but they have
a very
\
the P
c u
a very fliort courfe. There arc alTo
abundance of commodious harbours
about the idand, one particularly on
the S. E. part of the idand, where
the Eaglifh admiral and general land-
ed feveral thou land men, in July
1 741, and encamped there, in a
fine plentiful country ; but the rainy
feafon coming on, they lay there
till moft of them rotted, and then
returned to Jamaica without at-
tempting any thing. St. Jago in the
S. E. part of the iiland, is efleemed
the capital j but the Havaonah on
the N. W. is much more confide-
rable* on account of* its trade, and
the rendezvous of the galleons an-
nually on their return to Spain. It
is not a very fruitful ifland, at lea/l
it produces little, through the (loth
of the inhabitant! j and were it not
for its commodious Situation and fine
harbours, would have been aban-
doned probably by the Spaniards, as
Hifpaniola in a manner was, after
they had dellroyed the numerous In-
dian inhabitants. CuSa lies about
izo m. S. of Florida, 50 W. of
Hifpaniola, and 75 N. of Jamaica,
Cuba, or Ai. cuba, W. Ion. 8.
40. lat. 38. Q town of Portugal, in
the pr. of Entrctajo and Guadiana,
30 ni. S, of Evora.
CujsAGUA, VV. Ion. 64. lat. 10.
15. an ifland in America, fir. be-
tween the idand of Margaretta and
Terra Firma, fub. to Spain.
CucKFiEi.p, W. ion. 12 min.
h(. 51. 5. a market town in Suflcx,
fit. urn, N. W. of Lewes.
CuENCA, W. ion. i» 40. lat.
40. I a. a city of New CiAile in
Spain, iit. 85 m. £. of Madrid. The
fee of a bifh.
CuLiACAN, W. l«a. 113. lat*
34. capital of the pr. of Culiacan,
in Mexico, in N. America, fit. near
the Pjciiic ocean, opp. fite to the S*
end of Calitornia, tub. tu Spain.
CuLLRMDACK, Or CuLLBM-
tr.nGf Mart^uifate, theN. E. divifion
of the cir. of Francooia, in Germany.
CUIIF.NBACH, E. Ion. II. zc.
iati jO. 20, a city of Geiauuiy, m
C U
the cir. of Franconia, fit. on the river
Maine, 25 m. E. of Bambeig.
CuLLEN, W. lOB. 2. 12. lat. 57,
38. a pari, town in Scotland, fit. on
the fea-coafV of the county of Banif*
40 m. N. W. of Aberdeen.
CULLENBUKG, £. lon. 5. 10.
lat. ^i. 55. a town of the Uni c4
Provinces, fit. on the river Lech, ia
the Betew, in the pr. of Guelder-
land, 10 m. S. £. of Utrecht.
CuLLiTON, W. lon. 3. 15. lat.
5c. 40. a market town of Devon,
lit. 17 m. S. E* of Exeter.
CuiLODEN'HOUSE, tit. 3 m. K.
of Invernefs, near which the Kind's
forces, commanded by his Rojil
Highnefs the D. of Cun-kberland, ob-
tain'd a compleat vidory, and thereby
put an end to the rebellion, i6 Apnl
1746.
Culm, E, lon. 19. lat. 53. ;i
city of Poland, in the pr, of PiulTia,
fit. on the liver Wcillel, 50 m, S,
of Dantziclc.
CuLMoar, W, lon. 7.40. Lit.
<5. a town of Ireland, in the co, *4
Londonderry and pr. of Ulflcr, fit.
on the coaft of Loughfoyle, 5 m. N.
of Londonderry.
CuLROS, W. lon. 3. 34. Jjt.
56. 3. a pari, town in Scjutland, fir. on
the river Forth, in the co, of Mcn-
ticih, 23 TO. N. W. of Edinbiiigh.
Cumberland, a co. in the ^J,
of England, fcparated from Scotland
by Solway Frith, and RIv.r.
Cunningham, a fliiie of Scot.
land, fit. on the Frith of Clyde, op^
polite to Bute idjnd.
Cur, or Cyrus, a river of
Afia, rifes in mount Caucafus, nnd
running S. through Georgia and the
pr. of Chirvan in Pcrfia, lln;f»^ its
waters with the liver .Anas or
Araxes, and continues its courle E.
to the Caipian Tea.
Ci/HASSOW, ortCuRACAu, \V.
lon, 68. 30. Ut. 11. 30. an ilLiid
of the Li'ller Antilles, tit. in the
Atlan'ic Ocean, opputitc to Cuto«
01 Vencruelo on i!ic 'IVna Firnia,
in S. Aniciica, fubjr:^ to the Dutch,
front whence thry catry en arhi.
K dcif.n?
II .
c u
defllhe fmuggling trade with the
bpanifli fettlements on the Terra
Firma ; a pradtice they complained
of much in the Jamaica men, and
ufed great endeavours to put a ftop
to it, which they had no fooner ef-
liefted, than they fell into the fame
traffic themfelves, and take care
ulually to fend fliips of fuch force,
that they are out of danger of their
Guarda Ceftas.
CuRDiSTAN, the ancient AfTy-
ria, lies part of it in Afiatic Turky,
and part of it in Perfia, having Tur-
comania, or Armenia, on thcN. and
Eyraca Arabic, or Chaldaea, on the
S. in which pr, Nineveh anciently
flood, on the eaftern bank of the
river Tygris, oppofite to MoufuJ.
CuscOjW. Ion, 70. S. lat.13, the
capital city of Peru, in S. America,
during the reigns of the Incas or
Indian emperors. It ftands on a lit-
tle hill in the midft of a fpacious
plain, furrounded by mountains, from
■whence fall four ftreams,which water
the adjacent country, one of them
running thro' the city, and fupplying
feveral canals in the chief (Ircets,
The principal buildings in it, when
the Spaniards conquered the country,
were the temple of the fun, and the
emperor's palace. The temple of the
fun was the richeft on the face of the
earth, both the ceiling and the walls
keing covered or lined with mafly gold
j>late on the inlide j at the E. end was
the image of the fun, which covered
the wall from top to bottom, confift.
jjig of one gold plate, which was twice
as thii.k as the plates that covered the
©ther walls. This image, falling to
the fhare of a SpaniOi ofHcer, 'tis faid
lie played it away in one night j and
tho' the Peruvians worfhippcd no
other deity in this temple but the fun,
yet were there images of all animals,
birds, btafts, and firtres, of wroui,lit
geld, as big as the life, dcdic.itcd to
the fun i and having more than were
fufficicnt to adorn the temple, they
Mere piled up in rooms adjoining to
it m heaps, when the Spaniards ar-
rived there. This- city the Spaoiardi
C Y
would probably have made the feat
of their government, if it had net
ftood fo far from the lea, for notiiing
could bemorecommodioufly fitaatsd,
as this was upon an eminence, in a
pleafant fruitful country, abounding
in fprings and rivulets, moft defirable
things in a hot climate, where it
never rains. Cufco is flill a fine city,
and the fee of a bifhop, and ftands
about 350 m. E. of Lima.
CusTRiN, E, Ion. 15. lat, 52,
40. a city of Brandenburg, in Gcr-
inany, fit. on the river Oder. 45 m,
£. of Berlin.
CuYo, a divifion of Chili, in S.
America,
Cyclades, a name given to cer-
tain iflands that lie about the ide of
Delos, in theArchipelago, fir. between
Europe and A(ia, rnd at length ex-
tended to all the little iflands in thofe
feas, who fent prefents and contri-
buted to the revenues of the temple in
Delos, dedicated to ^\ polio and Diana,
and faid to be the place of their na-
tivity.
Cydnvs river, inCilicia, in
the LefTer Afia ; the waters whereof
were fo cold, that Alexander was near
lufing his life by bathing in them.
Cyprus, an ifland fit. in the moft
eaftcrly part of the Levant, or Medi-
terranean fea, between 33 and 36 de-
grees of eaftern Ion, and between 34
and 36 degrees of N. lat. 60 m. S. of
thecoaftof Caramania,or Cilicia, and
30 W. of the coaft of Syria, being
about ICO m. long, and 70 broad 3
the chief town Nicofia, the feat of
the Turkifh Bcglerbeg, or Viceroy,
and formerly the refidence of the K,
of the ifland. Here is one cf thofe
mountains called Olympus, there is
another of the fame name in the Lef-
fer Afia, and c third ia Greece, but
there are no fprings or rivers but what
the rajni ptuducr, which happening
to fail them 30 years fuccelhvely,
during the reign of Conftantine the
Great, the inhabitants were obliged
to abandon the ifland fur fome time ;
the foil however produces corn» wine,
oi)^ > wooJ, cotton, fait, and fome
liik i
ing
twee
fo
C
46.
D. o
near
and
Ci
49.
m.
a I
fcetM
fian!
adva
C
lat.
on
Litt
C
SO.
c z
D A
lilk J they have plenty alfo t)f fleflj,
firti, and fowl, and
trade, Letwern the
Europe and
in
a pretty brj/k
merchants of
Mia ; Ceveral European
rations, pai icvilarly, the Fnglifli,
h.ivc their conluls and fadlors in this
ifland. It was very populous while
it was in the poflellion of the Chri-
f)Jans« and had a (ireat many gocxJ
towns in it, but it is now fo thinly
inhabited, that half the lands lie
uncultivated. The prefent inhabi-
tants aie Turks, Jews, Greeks,
Armenians, and fome few Latins.
The Turks have the goveinmcnt,
but the Greeks are moft numerous.
This ifland 'vas d dicated to Venus j
and her vot. ■'■' it is faid, profti-
tuted themfelves to foreigners. It
has been fuccellively governed by
the Egyptians, Phenicians, Perfians,
Creeks, Romans, Saracens, Vene-
tians, and Turk?. Richard 1. King
of Englartd, rTv:eting with an unhof-
pitable reception here, fubdued the
lOand, and transferred hit right to
it to Guy Luljgnan, titular K.. of
JferufaJem> vyhefe delcendants tranf-
ferred it to the ftate of Venice ;
from whonn the Turks took it, anno
J 570, and have remained in pofl«f-
fton of it ever fince.
Cyrene, the ter. of Bacca, ly-
ing on the coai'^ of Barbary, be-
tween Tripoly and Egypt, anciently
(o called.
CzACKATHURN, E. lon. 17. lat.
46. 50. a town of Germa;iy, in the
D. of Stiria, and circle of Auilria, fit.
near the confluence of the riveis Mucr
and Save, 50 m. S. H. of Grats.
CzASLAw, E. lon. iq. 8. lat.
49. 50. a town of Bohemia, fit. 35
m. S. E. of Prague. Near which
a battle was fought anno 1742,
between the Auflrians and Pruf-
fians, in which tlie latter had the
advantage.
CzENsTOKow, E. Ion 18, 40.
lat. 51. 15. a town of Poland, ilt.
on the river Warta, in the pr, of
Little Poland, 65 m. N. of Cracow.
CzERCASsi, E. Ion. 32, lat. 49.
50* a town of the l^kratn, in Ruf-
fia, fit. on the river Nicper, 90 s^
S. E. of Kiof.
CzERMc, E. lon. 15. lat. 46^
12. a town of Carniola, in the cir,
of Auftria, fit. 25 m. S. E. of Lau-
back ; remarkable for its lake, fjom
whence the waters retiring in tlw
fummer, it makes good pufture, and
at Michaelmas ihcy ru(h in again
with a torrent from under the earth.
CzERNiGOF, E. lon. 31. 30. lat*
52. 50. capital of the pr. or Ozemi-
gof, in RuiFia, fit. near the frontiers
of Poland, 90 m, N. E. of Kiof.
CzERSKOWf E. lon. 21. 30. lat.
52. 30. a town of Poland, in the
pr. of Warfovia, fit. on the Viftu!a,
30 m. S. of Warfaw, capital of the
pr. of Czerikow.
CzoNCRODT, E. lon. 20. 41;.
lat. 46. 36. a town of Huivgary, lit.
on the river ThielTe, 13 m. N. of
Segedin.
DA "
TXABUL, E. lon. 72,30. Iat.17.
1 J F 30. a port town in the pr. of
Decan, on the W. coaft of the Hi-
ther India, 160 m. N. of Goa.
Daca, E, lon. 89. lat, 23. 30.
a city of Bengal, in the Eaft indies,
in Afia, fit. on a branch of the river
Ganges, 125 m. E, of Hucgly.
Uachaw, £. lon. II. 30. !att
48. 20. a town of Bavaria, in Ger-
many, fit. on the Mver Amber, 7 m.
N. W. of Munich.
Da CI A, anciently the name of
Tranfilvania and Walachia, and .bme
neighbouring countries.
Dagno, or Ducagni, E, lon. 21.
lat. 43. a city of Turky, in the pr.
of Albania, fit. on the river Driao,
30 m. N. E. of Scutari.
Dago, or Dagerwort, E. lon. 21.
30. lat. 58. 4;. capital (if the ifland
of Dago, fit. on the Baltic fca, near
the coaft of Livonia, 70 rn. S, W. of
Revel, fub, to Ruflia.
Uaghestan, a country of Afia,
K z bounded
'I
1 1
D A
D A
brunclcd by Circaflia on the N. by
the Cafpian Tea on the E. by Chir-
vein, a pr. of Perfia, on the S. by
Georgia on the W. of which the chief
towns arc Tarku and Derbent, but
the generality of the natives live
in Tent5, wandering from plnce to
place ; and though they are but a
fmall ftate, the country being moun-
tainous and of difficult accefs, none of
the neighbouring powers have been
•ble to fubdue them. When they
find themfelyes hard prefs'd at any
time by one power, they put thcm-
felvps under the protection of another,
as l.itely, when they were attacked
on the fide of Perfn by Kouli Kan,
they called in the Rufhins, and fo
well defended themfelves, with a
little afliftancc given them under-
hand, that Kniili Kan was obliged
to retire, having loft great part of
his army in their mountains. The
towns of Tarku and Derbent, on the
Cafpian fea, are ufually in the pof-
fefiion of the Ru/fians,
Da HOME, a K. of Africa, which
lies N. of Widah, or Fida, on the
Guiney coaft j the K, whereof late-
ly made a conqueft of Widah, and
very much dirturbed the Negroe trade
of t' e Europe.ins.
Dale BURG, E. Ion. 13. lat. 59.
capital of the pr. of Dalia, in Swe-
den, fir. on the W. fide of the We-
rer-Lake, 50 m. N. E. of Gotten •
burg.
Dalccarli A, a pr.of Sweden,
bounded by Norway on the N. and
W, by Helfingia and Geftricia on
the E. and by Dalia, Wermcland
and Weftmania, on the S. abounds
Y'ith iron and copper miner.
Dai. EC ART I A river, which gives
the name to the pr. rifes in the Do-
frine mountains, which divide Nor-
way from S\v."dpn, .<nd ninniiig fr<m
ihi; N.W. to the -S. E. rhrough the.
whole pr. tails into the Bothnic
ytilph, between the provinces of Up-
land and Geftricia.
Dal EM, K. Jon. 5.40. lat. 50.
47, a town of the Netherlands, in the
pr. of LImburg, 9 m. N. E. of tfce
city of Liege, lub. to the Dutch.
Dalkeith, W. Ion, a. 40. laf.
55. 50. a town of Scotland, in the
pr. of Lothian, 8 m. S. £. of Edin-
burgh.
Dalia, a pr. in Sweden, is bound-
ed by Dalecarlia on the N. Werme-
land and the Wener-Lake on the E,
Gothland on the S. and the Schag-
gerrach fea and Norway on the W.
Dal MAT I A, bounded by the
pr. of Bofnia on the N. by Servia
on the E. by Albania on the S. and
Morlachia and the Gulph of Venice
on the W. moft of it fub. to the
Turks, but fome towns on the fea -
coaft fub. to the Venetians.
Dam, E. Ion. 7. lat. 53. 25, a
town of the pr. of Gron'ngen, in
the United Provinces, fit. near the
Dollart Bay, 12 m. N. E. of Gro-
ningen.
Dam, E. Ion. 15. lat. 53. 30.
fit. on the river Oder, in Pomerania,
oppofite to Stctin, fub. to the K. of
Prufliii.
Daman, a port town of the
Hither India, in Afia, in the pr. of
Guzurat, or Cambray, fit, on theW.
coaft of India, 80 m. S. of Surat,
in 72 degrees 20 m. E. Ion. and
20 degrees of N. lat. fubjedt to the
Portugueze,
Damascus, or Scham, E. Ion.
37. 20. lat. 33. 15. the capital city
of the S. part of Syria, fit. 90 in,
N. E. of Jerufalem, .nnd 200 m. S.
of Aleppo, in a pleafant fruitful pLiin,
fo extenfive, that the monnrains
which enconip.ifi it are but jufl dif-
cerniblc, and exceeiiin^^ly well wa-
tered by rivulets. The town is about
2 miles long, and encompalTed with
girdens for near 3c m. nnd there is
fcarce a g;»rdcij which has not a fine
quick flr«'am ruiining through ir,
with fountains, cartrdrs, and nthcr
water- works. The natives will h.ive
this to be the feat of Paradife, and
have a tradition, that Adam w.is
formed of the duft ef the neighbour-
ing fields.
Dambea,
D A
D A
D'ambsa, £. Ion. 34. lat. 15.
the capital of Abyflinia, or Ethiopia,
in Africa, fit. at the head of a lake,
to which it gives name^ 300 in. W.
of the Red-fea.
Damgartin, E. Ion, iz- 45.
lat. 54. 30. a town of Swedifh Po-
Qierania, fit. on a bay of the Baltic-
fea, ao m. W, of Straclfund,
Damietta, £. Ion. 32. lat. 31.
a port town of Egypt, in Africa, fit.
OR the Eadein mouth of the river
Nile, 4 m. from the fea, and 100
m. N. of Graad Cairo, the ancient
Pelufium.
Damme, E. Ion. 3. 10. lat. 51.
1 5. a fuiirefs in Flanders, 4 m. N. £.
ei Binges.
Damviilers, E. Ion. 5, 15. lat.
49. 50. fit. on the con6ne8 of Lor-
rain, 30 m. W. of ThionviUe, fub.
to France.
Dancala, E. Ion. 34. lat. 17.
15. a towa rjf Nubia, in Africa, fit.
on the river Nile, 260 m. S.W, of
Sagncm.
Daneburg, £. Ion. 11.20. lat.
53. 25. a city of Germany, in the
tir. of Lower Saxony, and D. of
Lunenburg, fit. 3S m, S.E. of the
city of Lunenburg.
Dantzick, E. Ion. 19. lat. 54.
the capital of Regal Fruflia, in the
K. of Poland, fit. on the weftern
fljore of the river Wefel, or Viftula,
which a litiL below falls into the
Balcic-fea. It is an excellcul har-
bour, and has the bed foreign trade
of any port within the Baltic. It
(lands 140 m. N. of War fa w, and
70 m. S.W. of K.oninp{burgh. The
town is large, and encompalled with
a wall and forti6ctitions, of a gieat
extent. The houfes are well buiit
of Stone, or brick, lix or (even fto-
ries high, and the grauaries, con-
taining vafl magazines of corn, and
iiival floies, arc ilill higher, to
which the fhippmg lye clofe and
take ill their lading j tor the Putch
annually import fruin hence a gr^at
xnaay thoufand tuns of corn, timber,
and naval ftores, and other nations
XuMAC^ but theJ^utch have ihegieatcil
Aare of this trade, paying for their
merchandize with pickled herrings,
the fpices of India, fugars, brandy,
and other produce of the more fou-
thcrn countries, whereas the Eng-
lifh and other nations, are forced to
purchafe thefe things chiefly with
treafure. The inhabitants are com-
puted to amount to 200,000 fouls,
who are fubje^b to a mixed kind of
government. Their m^giftracy con-
fifts of thirty fenators, who continue
for life, four of them burgo matters i
befides thefe are 13 corifuls, w!v>
eleft the faid burgo-mafters out of
their own body, and ele^ the jud^'cs
and all other cfhcers of the city,
from whom there lies an appeal cx>
the 13 confuls and 4 burgo-in.iders,
and from them to the republic of
Poland. The king annually nomi-
nates a burjio-mafter out of the cun-
fuls, to reprefcnt his perfon in the
fcnate, and all fentences of death
nwid be figned by him in the king's
name. One hundred burgciTcs ar.e
elefted to reprefent the peoples
grievances, and defend their privi-
leges, and infpcrt the adminlftration
of the government j and the hun-
dred, with the concurience of ths
fenate, prefent the clergy to vacant
benefices. The eftablifhed religioa
is the Lutheran, but Papifts, Cal»
vinifls, and Ariabapti^s, are toir-
r.itcd. The jurifdicfliofl of the town
extends 40 m, round the city, and
they maintain a garnion at their own
cxpencc, and coin money, with the
effigies of ihc K. on one lide, and
the city vms on the rcverfe. They
aie faid to be under the pxo^ l-icn of
Poland, but if they h.id ■. .: been
protected by other powers againfl
their enemies, their (late had been
fubverted lung Cnce. In the year
1703, the Eii^hlh, the Dutch, auJ
the K. of Pioili-, entered into an
alliance for their pio'ection againll
th« Sw^'dv^^s, who would hive extort-
ed a fum c( muney fiom thrrn, as
tht-y did again in tlie ypar lyo'),
when tlu* K. ot' Sweden thvratfiifd
them with a vifi', oa his 1 .uf's
D A
D A
m:
agarnft- K. Auptiftus, if they refufed
to acknowledge Stanillaud tor their
K. But in the year 1734, when
they took the part of Staniflaus
againft the prefent K. of Poland,
and adtually harboured and protefted
him in their city, hawing been pur-
chafed with French money, they
were befieged by the Mufcovites and
Saxons, obliged to furrender, and
forced to purchafe their peace with
feveial hundred thoufand pounds,
for fuffering Staniflaus to make his
efcape out of the city during the
lie^ic.
Danube, one of the fineft rivers
in Europe, rifes in the Biack-foreft,
in the pr. of Suabia, in the S.W.
of Germany, and running N. E.
through Suabia, v'r s Ulm, the
capital J then running F. through
Bavaria and Auftria, pafles hy Ra-
ti/bon, Paflau, Ens, and Vienna j
then entering Hungary, it runs S.
E. from Prcfburg to Buda, and fo
on to Belgrade j after which it di-
vides Bulgaria from Walachia and
Moldavia, then difcharges itfelf by
feveral channels into the Black-fea,
through the pr. of Beflarabia. It is
fo deep between Buda and Belgrade,
that the Turks and Chriftians have
fleets of men of war upon it, which
frequently engaged during the late
wars, and yet the catarafts below,
render It unnavigable to the Black-
fca ; and there are alfo feveral cata-
ra£ls above Buda.
Darby, W, Ion. 1. 15. lat. 53,
the capital of Darbyfliire, fit. on the
river Darwent, 100 m. N. of Lon-
dim J gives the title of EmtI to the
noble family of Stanley, and fends
two members to parliament.
Darda, E. Ion. 20. iat. 46. 5.
a town of Hungary, fit. on the W.
Ude of the Danube, at the end of
the bridge of Elfeck, 80 ra. N.W.
of Belgrade.
Dardanelia, E. Ion. 27. lat.
40. 5. two cjflles at the entrnnce
of the Hellefpont, where all /hips
goKig to Conilantuiopie arc examined.
Here formerly flood the caftlc of
Seftos on the European fide, and
Abydos on the Afian fide, the (Irait
being about 2 m. over.
Da R I EN, or Terra -firma proper,
is a pr. of Terra-firma, in S, Ame-
rica, being a narrow ifthmus, which
joins the N. to S. America, and
bounded by the N. fea on the N. by
the gulph or river of Darien, which
divides it from the pr. of Carthage-
na, on the E. and by the pr. of Po-
payan and the S. fea, on the S. and by
another part of the S. fea, and the pr.
of Verapua on the W. lying between
78 and 83 degrees of W. Ion. and
between 8 and 10 degrees of N. lat.
It lies in the form of a bow or crefent,
about the great bay of Panama in
the S. fea, and is 300 m. in length,
and 60 in breadth, from fea to fea.
This pr. if it be not the richert, is
of the moft importance to the Spa-
niardb, and has been the fcene of
more a6lion than any pr. in Ame-
rica, being fituated both on the N,
and S. feas ; the gold fands found in
fome of the rivers, but above all,
the wealth of Peru being brought
hither, and from hence imported in-
to Europe, has induced many enter-
prizing people to attempt Panama,
Porto bello, and other towns of this
pr. in order to come in for a fhape
of thefe treafures with the Spaniards,
or difpoflefs them of the country.
But it is very far from being a de-
firable place to inhabit, for it is
generally mountainous and barren,
exce/Iive hot, and the low grounds
overfk)wcd with almoft perpetual
rains. The mountains fo vaftly high,
and difficult of accefs, that it tnkes
up- a great many days to pafs them,
though the ifthmus be not more than
60 m. over, k was from thefe
mountains the Spaniards ftrft difco-
vered the S. fea, or Pacific Ocean,
anno 151 3, and gave it the name of
the S. fea, becau'e they crofied the
ifthmus from the N. fea, though in
reality the Pacific Ocean lies W. of
the cuntiaeot of America.
D A
D E
DarkinG) W, Ion. zo min. lat.
51. iS. a market town of ijurrey,
lit. 10 m. £. of Guilford.
Darlington, W. Ion. i. 15.
lat. 54. 30. a market town of the
CO. of Durham, fit. 20 m. S, of the
city of Djrham.
Dakmstat, E. Ion. 8. 25. lat.
49. 45. the capital of Heile.Darm«
ftat, in the cir. of the Upper-Rhine,
In Germany, fir. on the river Darm-
ftat, 14 m. S. of Franckfort, and 13
m. S. £. of Mentz, fub. to the
Landgrave of Heire-Darmftat.
Dartford, £. Ion. 16 min.
lat. 51. 15. a market town of Kent,
in rhf Dover road, 14 m. S. E. of
London.
Dartmouth, W. Ion. 4. lat.
50. 25. a borough ami port town
of Devonihire, fit. on the EngliOi
channel, z6 m. S. of Exeter, from
whence the noble family of Legg
took the title of Earl ; fends two
members to parliament.
Darwent, a river which rifes
in the Peak in Darby (hire, and run-
ning from N. to S. through that
county, falls into the Trent.
Daventry, or Daintry, W. Ion.
I. 15. lat. 52. 12. a market town
of NorthamptonHiire, fit. 10 m. W.
of Northampton^
Davids St, W. Ion. 5. 20. lat,
52. a city of Pembrokeshire, fit. near
the Irifli channel, 20 m. N.W» of
Pembroke. The fee of a biOi.
Davids St. £. Ion. 79. 40. lat.
11.45. a town and fort, fit. on the
coaft of Chormandel, in the Hither
India, in Afia, fit. 80 m. S, of Fort
St. George } one of the ftrongcft for-
trefles the £ngli(h have in India,
from whence they import chints,
calicoes and muflins.
Davis's ftr^its, run N.W. from
Cape Farewell, in 60 degrees N.
lat. to Baffin's Bay, in 8q degree;:,
feparating Greenland from N. A.
merica. Davis paded them in 1585,
endeavouring to find a N.W. paT-
fage.
Dauphin pout, E. Ion. 48. S.
lat, 24. a fort built by the French^
oa the E. coaft of the ifland of M»-
dagafcar, in Africa,
Dauphine, a pr. of Frar.ce,
bounded by Burgundy on the N,
Piedmont, a pr. of Italy, on the E.
by Provence on the S. and by the
river Rhone, which feparates it from
Languedoc and Lyonois on the W.
Dax, or Daq^ues, W. Ion. i,
lat. 43. 45. a city of France, cap,
of the ter. of Les Landes, in the pr,
of Gafcony, fit. on the river Adour,
22 m. N. of Bayonne, and 65 m. S.
of Bourdeaux, anciently the capital
of Aquitain.
Dead-sea, the lake Arphaitis,
in Paleftinr, in Afia, fo called, in-
to which the river Jordan runs ;
fup lofed to be the place where So*
dom and Gomorrah flood. It is
about 70 m. long, and 20 broad.
The water of the lake is not only
fait, but very bitter and naufeous.
It is inclofed on the E. and W.
with high mountains, which abound
with fulphurous Aones, and the bi-
tumen this lake affords, exa£liy re.
fembles pitch, and can only be dif-
tinguifhed from it by its fulpburoua
fmell and taAe.
Dead-man's'Head, a cape or
point of land near Tregony, in Coin-
wal, between St. Mawes and Fowey«
Deal, £. Ion, i. 30. lat. 51,
16. a port town of Kent, between
which and the Goodwin Sands, the
fhipping ufually ride in the Downsy
on going out or coming home, about
67 m. £. of London.
Dean, a foreft in Gloucefterfhlre^
N. of the river Severn.
Debrecen, £. lon..2i. 10. lat«
47. 45. a town of Upper Hungary,
fit. 77 m. £. of Buda.
Debenham, £• Ion. i. 20. lat.
52. 20. a market town of Su&lk,
20 m. £. of Bury,
Dec AN, a pr. of the Hither Pe-
ninfula of India, in Afia, is bound-
ed by the pr. of Cambaya, or Gu-
zuiat, on the N, by Golconda and
Berar on the E. by Vifapour on the
S. and by the Indian Ocean on the
W» The chief inland town Aureu-
gabad |
'
D E
D E
g«l>ad J and upon the coaft the town
of Bombay.
Decise, £. Ion. 3. 31. lat. 46,
40. a town of FrziKCf in the pr, of
Orleanois, and ter. of Nevernois, fit.
on the river Loyre, 15 m. S. £. of
Nevers.
Deckendorf, E. Ion. 13. lat.
48. 45. a town of Germany, in the
cir. v>f Bavaria, fit. on the Danube,
37 m. S.£. of Ratifbon.
Dedoington, W. Ion. i. 20.
lat, 51. 55. a market town of Ox>
fordihire, 15 m N. of Oxford.
Dedham, £. Ion. i. 10. lat« 52.
5. a market town of £ifex, 30 m.
N. E> of Chelmsford.
Dee» the river which Chefter
Aands upon.
Deeving, W. Ion. 20 min. Jat.
52. 35. a market town in Lincoln-
shire, fit. 35 m. S. of Lincoln.
Delft, E. Ion. 4. 5. lat. 52.
6. a ciry of the United Netherlands,
capital of Delftland, in the pr. of
Holland, fit. 8 m. N. E. of Rotter-
dam, and 30 m« S. W. of Amfter-
ilam. It is pleafantly fltuated in
the meadows, and canals run thro*
the ftreets, planted with trees. It
is a fnaall city, about t m. in circam-
terence, defended againfl inundations
ty thrc^e dams, or dykes. It has no
great trade at prefent, but is the re-
tirement of the wealihieft merchants,
in one of their churches is the tomb
of William I. Prince of Orange, who
was airaiTinated. In this town is
made the befl earthen ware, from
hence called Ddft-ware.
Delly, £. Ion. 79. lat. 28.
the capital of the pr. of Delly, and
at prefent of all the Hither India,
in Alia ; a large populous city, 9
or 10 m. in ciicumtercnce, fit. on
the river Cemina, 130 m. N. of
Agra, and 340 S. of Labor. Delly
was the re/idence of the prefent Mo-
gul Emperor, when Kouli Khan in-
vaded India } and here he kept the
Mogul prifoner, with his nobility
and generals, till he had obliged
them to deliver hitn all the wealth
(hey ixad in their poiTcfiioDy cr could
extort from their vafTals and depend-
ants ; and not content with this,
he put feveral of the great men to
the torture, v/hen they did not an-
fwer his expeftations, which occa-
fioning an infurre£lion againft the
invader, he plundered the city, and
mail'acred great part of the natives ;
after which he releafed the Mogul,
having obliged him to transfer fome
provinces of India which lay next to
PerHa, to that crown, and carried
away with him the greateft treafure
that ever was amafled together by
any conqueror, chiefly in diamonds,
the produce of Golconda, a pr. of
India ; which Aureng-Zebe, the an-
ccftor of this Mogul, had wrefted
from the K. of Golconda, and driven
him from his throne, about three-
fcore years before,
Delly, a pr. of India, in Afia,
bounded by Bescab and Jamba on the
N« Becar on the £, Agra on the S.
and the Hin-downs, or Indoftan pro-
per, on the W.
Delmonhurst, £. Ion. 8. 12*
lat. 53, 25. a city of Germany, m
the cir. of Weftphalia, fit. on the
river Delm, 9 m. W. of the city of
Bremen, fubjeft to Denmark, with
the ter. about it.
Delos, E. Ion. 25. 50. lat. 37,
26. the chief of the iflands of the
Cyclades, in the Archipelago j b&t
the leafl of all of them, not being
more than 6 m. in circumference,
fit, a little So of Mycone and Tinos.
This idand, the ancients fupi)ofed
was the place of Apollo's and Diana's
nativity, and therefore the Greeks
inftituted public feftivais, ere<^ed
temples, and fent priefls, facrifices,
and choirs of virgins hither, to do
them honour. But the illand is now
deftitute of inhabitants*
Delfhos, £. Ion. 22. 15. lat.
3S. 30, anciently 4 great city of
Achaia, now Livadia, in Turky,
fit. on the fide of the mountain Par-
nafTus, xo m. N. of the gulph uf
Lepanto, where the town of Caflro
now lUnds j much reforted to foi-
fMxly oa accouot of the Temple of
Apollo,
D E
Apollo, a»d the Dark-Cave, from
whence the Pythian ptieftefs pro-
nounced her oracle?, fitting on a tri-
po«, fwelJing and foaming like one
pofTefTed.
Dels BERG, or Delberg, a town
of Switzerland, in the bifli. of Ba-
fil, fit. 17 m. S.W. of the city of
BaHl, and Tub. to the Switzers.
Delta, the Lower Egypt, called
fo anciently f- i its triangular form.
Demer, a rivsr of the Auftrian
Netherlands, in the pr. of Brabant,
on which the city of Mechlin ftands.
Demona valley, the N. E. pr.
of Sicily, of which MeiTina is the
capital city.
Denbigshire, a co. of N.
Wales, bounded by the Irifli Sea on
the N. by Flintftiire on the E. by
Merioneth on the S. and Carnarvon
on the W.
Den BY, capital of the co. fit.
in 3 degrees 30 min. W, Ion. and
53. 15. N. lat. on the river Alwy,
aoo m. N.W of London j fends one
member to parliament.
Denoermond, X. Ion. 3. 50.
lat. 51. 10. a fortified town of the
Auftrian Netherlands, and pr. of
Flanders, fit. in a marfhy ground,
at the confluence of the rivers Scheld
and Dender, 12 m. E. of Ghent.
Taken by the allies, anno 1706,
and now Tub. to the houfe of Au-
ftria.
Denia, W. Ion. 20 min. lat. 39,
a port town of Spain, in the pr. of
Valencia, fit. on the coafl of the
Mediterranean, oppofite to the ifle
of Ivica, and 30 m, S, of Valencia.
Denmark, a K. fit. between
% and 13 degrees of £. Ion. and be-
tween 54. and 58 degrees of N, lat,
bounded by the fea called the Cate-
gate, or Schaggerrach, which fepa-
ratcs it from Norway, on the N. by
the fame Tea, and the ft raits called
the Sound, which fepatates it from
Sweden, on the E. by the Baltic fea
and part of Germany on the S, and
by the German Ocean on the W.
The country is generally a flat bap>
3
D E
ren fand, and thick foggy air, occi*
lioned by the feas, which almoft fur-
round it, and their numerous lakes*
The. Peninfula of Jutland, was an-
ciently called the Cimbrian Cherfo-
nefe, or the Peninfula of the Cimbria.
What is now properly called Den-
mark, condfis of Jutland, the iHands
of Zeland and Funen, and thf little
iflands about them. As to the K. of
Norway, the D. of Holflein, Oldcn-
burgh, and Delmonhurft, thefe are
indeed part of the K. of Denmark'*
dominions, but different coun'^rics.
The conftitution of this K, has
been frequently altered, fometimcs
their Kings have b<en hereditary,
at others eledlive, fometimes limit-
ted and reftrained by the flates, con-
fifting of the nobility, clergy, gen-
try, and peafants ; and at others ab-
folute, as they have been ever fincc
the year 1660 j when the peafants
finding themfelves grievoufly oppref-
fed by the nobility and gentry, agreed
to make the crown abfolute and he-
reditary, in which they were joined
by the clergy. And the K. having
afl*embled the nobility and gentry in
a garrifoned town, in a manner com-
pelled them to refign their liberties
into his hands.
The forces the K. of Denmark
has u'ually on foot in Denmark,
Norway and Holftein, amount to
near 40,000 ; but moft of them are
maintained by other princes, to
whom he lets them out, and receives
a fubfidy, almoft equal to the pay of
the troops befides, fo that they ra-
ther add to the revenues of the crown
than diniin^ it ^ though they are
very burthenfome frequently to the
farmers of the country, on whom
they are quartered while they remain
at home.
The revenues of this Prince are
computed to amount to about
500,0001, per annum, arifing from
the crown lands, cuftoms and other
duties on beer, malt, corn, paper, a
land tax, poll tax, &c. In Norway,
the revenue arifes from the tenth of
th«
D E
D E
tite tlmb«r| tar, Hfh, oil, min«9|
and an excife, with the reil of the
taxes enumerated in Denmark, and
levied with much greater oppreilion,
as they are a diftant, and a kind of
rival kingdom.
I'he produce of Denmark and
Norway, confifts chiefly in timber,
pitch, tar, ii/h, oil, and lean cattle.
They have very little corn, except
rye j and the produce of the mines
of Norway is not compatable to that
of Sweden.
Their religion is Lutheran, no
other tolerated } and the clergy de-
pend on the flate for their fubiift-
ance ; the church lands having been
feized by the government at the re-
formation.
Dennis St. a town of France,
4 m. N. of Paris, where moft of
the Kings of France are interred.
Deptford, a town in Kent, fit.
On the river Thames, 3 m. E. of
London ; confiderable on account of
its fine docks for building of fliips,
and the King^s yard there.
DzRBENT, £. Ion. 51. lat. 4s,
J5. a city of Daghiftan, in Afia, fit.
«n the W. coaft of the Cafpian Tea,
fub. to Rufiia.
Df.reham, E. Ion. i. lat. $z,
40. a market town of Norfoikf fit.
15 m. W. of Norwich.
Derwent, a river which rifes
in the N. riding of Yorkfliire, and
running S. falls into the Oufe.
Der WENTWATER, a river whjch
runs through Cumberland, from the
S.E. to the N.W, and forming fe-
veral lakes in its paflage, falls into
the Irifh fea below Cockermouth ;
from which water James Fitz 'James
took the title of Earl.
Deseada, or Desiderada, W,
Ion. 61. lat. 16. 30. one of the Ca-
ribbee iflands in the Atlantic Ocean,
in Ameiica, E. of the ifland of Gua-
dalupe, fub. to France.
Deseada, or Cape Desire,
W. Ion. 84. S. lat. 53, 30. the moft
weflerly cape of the ftraits of Ma-
gellan, in America, alt the entrance
0£ the S. fea.
Desise, E. Ion. 3. 3Z, lat. 46.
4S. a town of France, in the D. oi'
Nivernois and pr. of Orleanois, fit,
on the river Loyre, 15 m. S.E, of
Nevers.
Dessaw, E Ion. 12.40. lat, ^i,
50, a city of Germany, iti the cirt
of Upper Saxony, and pr. of An-
halt, fit. on the river Elbe, 60 m«
N.W. of Drefden, fub. to the Pr.
of Anhalt Defiau.
Dethmold, E. Ion. S. 35. lat.
52. a town of Germany, in the cir*
of Weftphalia, 15 m. N, of Pader-
born.
Dettingen, E. Ion. 8. 45*
lat. 50, 8. a village of Germany,
fit. in the cir, of the Upper Rhine,
in the ter. of Hanau, 9 m. £. of
the town of Hanau, and 4 W, of
Afchaffitnburg j where the Auftrians
and their EngliHi allies, on the i6th
of June 1743, were attacked and
interrupted in their march from Af-
chafTenburg to Hanau by the French,
but h«d the good forttme to repulde
and break through the enemy, and
continue, tlteir march to Hanau : It
was not thought convenient how*-
ever, to purfue the enemy over the
fiver Maine, or ftay to carry oflF the
wounded men from the field of bat-
tle ; whereupon the French returned
to the field of battle next day, and
made the wounded men their pri-
foners.
Deva, W. Ion. 2. 10. lat. 43.
20. a port town of Spain, in the pr.
of Bifcay, and ter. of Guipufcoa,
fit. on the bay of Bifcay, 40 m. £.
of Bilhoa.
Devekter, E. Ion. 6. lat. 52.
ao. a city of the United Provinces
and pr. of Overyfld, fit. on the E.
fhore of the river IflTcl, 8 m. N. of
Zutphen.
Devizes, W. Ion. 2. 6. lat. 51.
25. a borough town in Wilt/hire,
fit, 18 m. N.W. of Salilbury j fendi
two members to parliament.
Devonshire, a co. in the W.
of England, having the Irifh or
Briftol channel on the N. Somer>
fetihire and Dorfetihire on the E.
the
D I
D I
it. ;i.
tfliire,
fends
mt W.
fti or
iomer-
:he E.
the
the Engli/h channel on the S. and
Cornwal on the W. fram whence
the noble family of Cavendifli take
the title of Duke.
Deux Fonts, E, Ion. 7, 15. lat.
49. 25. a city of Germany, in the
pal. of the Rhine, 60 m. N.E. of
Nancy.
Deynse, E. Ion, 3. 30. lat. 51.
a town of the Auftrian Netherlands,
in the pr. of Flanders, fit. on the
river Lys, 9 m. S.W. of Ghent.
DiARBEc pr. the ancient Mefo.
potamta, is
fit. between the rivers
Tigris and Euphrates, in Afiatic
Turky, bounded by Turcomania on
the N. by Perfia on the E. by Ey-
raca Arabic or Chaldaea on the S.
and by Syria on the W,
DiARBECK, E. Ion. 42. lat. 37.
30, the capital of the pr, of Diar-
bec, in Afiatic Turky, fit, on the
river Tigris near its fource, 200 m,
£. of Aleppo, and 240 N. of Bag«
dat.
Die, E. loM. 5. 20. lat. 44. 50.
a town of France, in the pr. of
Dauphine, fit. on the river Drome,
22 m. S. of Grenoble. The fee of
abifli.
DiEGEM, E. Ion. 4. 20. lat. 51.
a town of the Auftrian Netherlands,
in the pr. of Brabant, fit. 3 m. N,
of Brufiels.
DiEPE, E. Ion. I. 15. lat. 49. 55.
a port town of France, fit. on the
Britifli channel, 30 tn. N. of Rouen,
oppofite to the port of R}e, in Eng-
land ; a fiation of the French i ri-
vateers, which cccafioned its being
bombatded by the EngliAi in the late
wars, but the harbour will not ad-
mit of fliips of burthen.
DiEPHOLT, E. Ion. 8. lat. 53. a
city of Germany, in the cir. of Weft-
phalia, fir. at the N. end of the
Dummer lake, 35 m. S. of Bremen,
iub. to the Eledtor of Hanover.
DiEST, E. Ion. 5. lat. 51. 5.
a town of the Auftrian Netherlands,
in the pr, of Brabant, fit. on the
river Demer, 15 m. N.E. of Lou-
vain.
DixTs, £. ioo. 7. 40« lat. 50,
i8. a town of Germany, in the cir,
of the Upper-Rhine, and co. of Nai-
fau, fit. on the river Lohn, 20 m,
N. of Mentz, fub. to the houle of
Nafiau Orange.
DiGNE, E. Ion. 6. 5. lat. 44. 6.
a city of Fi-ance, in the pr. of Pro-
vence, 5s m. N. of Toulon. The
fee of a biflj.
Dijon, E. Ion. 5, 5. lat. 47. 15,
the capital of the pr. of Burgundy,
fit, on the river Ouche, 140 m, S.E,
of Paris.
DiLtEMBURG, E. Ion. S. 8. lar«
50, 45. a city of Germany, in the
cir. of the Upper-Rhine, and co. of
Naflau, fit. 40 m. N. of Francfort,
fub, to the houfe of NafTau.
DlLLENGEN, E. lon. 10, 20.
lat. 48, 40, a city of Germany, in
the cir. of Suabia, fit. on the river
Danube, 20 m. N.E. of Ulm, and
a little S. E. of Hochftef, the ufual
refidence of the bifliop of Augfburgh,
who is fovereign of it.
Din ANT, E. lon. 4, 50. lat. 50,
18. a town of Germany, in the biflj,
of Liege, fit. on the river Maes, iz
m. S. of Namur.
DiNANT, W. lon, 2. 5. lat. 48.
30. a town of France, in the pr. of
Britany,. fit. 10 m, S, of St. Malo,
DiNGELFING, E. lon, 12. 4O.
lat. 48. 30. a town of Germany, in
the cir. of Bavaria, fit, on the river
Ifer, 20 m, E, of Landfliut,
Dingle, W, lon. lo. 18. lat.
52, a port town of Ireland, in the
CO. of Derry, and pr. of Munfter,
fit. on Dingle-bay, 74 m, W, of
Limmerick,
DiNGWEi, W, lon, 4. 15. lat;
57, 45. a pari, town of Scotland,
fit. on t( e Frith of Cromartie, in
the CO. 0; Rois, 15 m, W, of Cro-
martie,
DiNKELSPIEL, E. Jon. lO. 12,
lat. 49. a city of Germany, in the
cir. of Suabia, near the confines of
Franconia, 40 m. N. of Uim.
Diss, E. Ion. i. i6. lat, 52. 25^
a market town in Norfolk, fit. on
the river Wavcney, 16 m. S. of
Norwich,
DiT-
i1
M
D O
D O
DiTMARjH, a ter. of the D. of
Hol(\ein, in the cir. of Lower Saxo*
ony, in Germany. .
Diu, £• Ion. 69. lat. ai. 15.
a lirtle iHand and town, fit. on the
coad o( Guzuiar, in the Hither In-
dia, in Afia, 200 m. W. of Surat,
fub. to Portugal.
DiuL, £. Urn. 67. lat. 15. 15.
a port town of Afia, in the pr. of
Tatta, or Sinda, in the Hither In-
dia, fit. W. of the river Indus, on
the Indian Ocean, 60 m. W, of the
city of Tatta ; lately transferred by
the Mogul, with the reft of the pr.
to Perfia,
DixMUOE, E. Ion. 2. 40. lat.
51. a town of the Auftrian Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Flanders, fit.
on the river Ypres, 11 m. N. of the
city of Ypres, and 33 m. W. ef
Ghent.
DiziER St. £. Ion. 5. lat. 48.
32. a city of Fiance, in the pr. of
Champaign, fit. on the river Marne,
45 m. N.E. of Troyes.
DoBELiN, E. Ion. 23. 30. lat.
57. a town of Poland, in the pr. of
Courland, fit. 40 m. W. of Mittau.
DoBEziN, £. Ion. 19. lat. 52.
54. a town of great Poland, fir. on
the river Wefel, 73 m. NtW. of
Warfaw.
DocKUM, E. Ion. 6. lat. 53. 25.
a city of the United Netherlands, in
the pr. of Friefland, 10 m, N.E. of
Le warden,
DoEL, E. Ion. 4. 5. lat. 51. 20.
a town of Dutch Brabant, fit. on
the W. fide of the Scheld, oppofite
to Lillo, 9 m. N.W. of Antwerp.
DoESBURG, £. Ion. 6. lac. 52.
a town of the United Netherlands,
in the pr. of Guelderland, fit. on
the river Yifel, 9 m. S. of Zut-
phen.
D F R I N E mountains, divide
Sweden from Norway.
DoGAOo, the Duchy, a pr. of
the Venetian ter. in Italy, having
the Padouan on the W. and the
gulph of Venice on the £. confifting
of the iflands on which Venice
ilaaosj and thofe about it, and of
the coaft on the Terra Firma, or
continent of Italy, oppofite to them,
of which the city of Venice is the
capital.
. DoL, W. Ion. 1. 50. lat, 48. 35.
a city of France, in the pr. of Bri-
tany, fit. near the Englilh channel^
10 m. S. E. of St. Malo.
D0J.CIGN0, E. Ion. 19. lat. 42.
5. a port town of Turky, in the
pr. of Albania, fit. on the gulph of
Venice, 50 m. S. E. of Ragufa.
Dole, E. Ion. 5. 25. lat. 47.
iq. a city of France, in the pr. of
tranche Compte, fit. on the river
Doux, 20 m, S.W. of Befan^on.
Pqlgelhew, or Delgilhew,
W. Ion,. ^. lat. 52. 50. a^own of
Wajcs, in the CO, of Merioneth, fit.
31 ID, N.W. Qf Montgomery.
Dollar T bay, a large gulpk
which fepqrates Eaft-Friefland, in
Qermany, from Gropiogen, one of
the United Provinces.
Do L TAB AD,. £. Ion. 75. 30. lat.
19. 30. a city of the Hither India,
in Alia, fit. in the K. of Decan,
240 m.. S. E. of Surat.
DoMBES, a ter. of France, in the
D, of Burgundy, on the weil bank
of the river Soane.
Do ME A, a great river of Ton-
quin, in Afia, fometimes called
Chaule, upon which the capital city
of Kaccio, and molt of their towns
fiand. It rifes in the pr. ©f Yunan,
in China, and running S. throuy:h
the K, of Tonquin, difcharges itfelf
into the gulph of Cochin-China, in
106 degrees of £. Ion. and 21 de«
grees of N. lat.
Domingo St. W. Ion. 70. lat.
18. 20. the capital of the ifland of
Hifpaniola, in N. America, fit. on
the S. fide of the ifland, having a
pleafant fruitful country on the N,
and E. the ocean on the S. and a
large navigable river on the W,
The approaches to it are fo difEcult,
that the natives baffled the mofl
formidable force that ever was fent
to America by the Englifh, though
commanded by experienced generals,
viz. Peo> and Veoabks, ia the year
D O
D O
fit.
in
1655; however they made a con-
queft of the idand of Jamaica, afier
their retiring from St. Domingo.
Columbus built this city and gave
it the name of Dominica, in me-
roory of his father Dominic. It i$
a large town and excellent barboMr^
the fee of an archb. the moft an>
cient royal audience in America,
and the feat of the governor of the
idand, and flill fub. to Spain, tho*
the N. part of the idand it in pof*
feflion of the French.
Dominica, W. Ion. 61. to.
lat. 16. one of the Caribbee iflandi,
fit. in the Atlantic Ocean, in N.
America, 26 m. N. of Martinico,
and 140 N.W. of Barbadoea, fub.
to England^ but very litt}c cultivated,
and lately ufurped by the French,
^ho are fortifying it. * ,r \*- .
DoMiTs, E. Ion. ft. zC. lat.
53. 17. a town of Gernaany» »n the
pr. of Mecklenburg, (it. on the river
Elbe, 30 m. S. of Swerin.
Don, or Tanais kivxk, rifes
in the pr. of Rezan, in Riiidia, and
running S, 5. pafTes by Woronets,
and continuing its courfe Mill S.^.
approaches near the river Wolga,
where Peter the Great was cutting
a canal for a communication between
the two rivers. The river Don turns
to the S. W. and dividing Afia from
Europe, falls into the Palas Meotis,
a little below ihz city of Afoph.
But though Caar f*ctcr did not live
to finifhthc laft canal, he had made
another between the river Woronets,
and another river which falls into
the Wolga, whereby the Don bad a
communication with it, and both
thofe rivers are deep enough to carry
(hips of good burthen down to the
Euxtne and Cafpia^ (eas; but the
loiing of A'^oph nas made the navi-
gation of the RuHians to the Euxtne
(ea impracticable*
DoNAT St. E. Ion, 3, la. lat.
51. 23. a furtrefs in Dutch Flanders^
a little weft of Sluys.
DoNAWERT, £. Ion. 10. 40.
ht. 48. 40. a city of Germany, in
the cir. of fi^fja^'u, fit. on the Dju
nube, 40 m. N,E. of Ulm, and 15
W. of Ingoldftat. The forcing the
intrenchments at Schellinburg, near
this place, by the D. of Marlborough,
anno 1704, was one of the varmelt
a£liona in (^Anne's wars.
DoNCASTER, W. ion. I. lat.
53. 57. a market town in the W,
riding of Yorkfliire, fit. on the river
Don, 30 m. S. of York.
DoHsv, E. Ion, 3. 16. lat. 4-',
17, a town of France, in the pr, of
Orlcanois and ter. of Nev^rnois, 26
ni. N. of Nevers.
DoRAT, E. Ion. I. 12. lat. 46.
xo. a town of France, 'ii the pr, of
Orleanois and ter. of Mi.rch, 21 m,
N. of Limoges.
Dorchester, W. Ion. 2. 35,
1st. 50. 40. the capital of Dorfet-
fliire, fit. on the river Froom, 110
m. S.W. of London, and 6 m^ N.
of Weymouth ; gives the title of
Marquis to the noble family of Pier-
point, Dukes of Kingfton j fends two
members to parliament*
Dor DONNE, a river of Fra;nce,
which rifes in the mountain of Au-
vergnc, and running W, throwgh
the pr. of Guienne, falls into the
river Garonne, 12 m. below Bour-
deaux.
DoRPT, or DoRTAT, a city of
Livonia, fit. on the river Embec,
between the laices of Worfero and
Pepus, tio m. S. of Karva, fub. ta
Ruflia, E. Ion. 27. 25. lat. 58.
DoRSTAN, E. Ion. 6. 40. lat.
51. 35. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Weftphalia, and co. of Mark,
fit. on the river Lippe, 25 m, E. of
Guelder,
DoRT, or Dordrecht, E. Ion,
4. 40, lat. 51. 47. a city of t*ie
United Provinces, in the pr, of Hol-
land, fit. on an ifland in the river
Maes, 10 m. E. of Rotterdam, Here
was held a fynod of the Proteftant
divines, anno 1608, to which K.
James L fent fome bifhopi.
Dortmund, £. Ion. 6. 50, lat*
51. 25. a city of Germany, in th/t
cir, of Weftpha'ia and ?oi of Mark,
fit. on the river Emfter. 30 m. N.
L K
D O
D R
E. of Dufleldorp. An imperial city,
or fovereign Aate.
DouAY, E. Ion. 3. lat. 50.25.
a city of the French Netherlands,
in the pr. of Flanders, fit. on the
river Scarpe, 15 m. S. of Lifle. It
was taken by the allies on the 26th
•f June, 17 10, after lofing feveral
thoufand men before it } and retaken
by the French, anno 17 11, after the
fufpcnfion of arms between Great-
Britain and France.
DovK, a river which divides
DarbyHiire from Staftbrdfiiire, and
falls into the Trent, near Burton.
Dove, W. Ion, 15 min. lat, 47.
I^. a town of France, in the pr.
of Orleanois, and ter. of Anjou, fit.
20 m. S. E. of Angers.
Dover, E. Ion. i. 25. lat. 5T.
10. a borough port town and caflle
in the co. of Kent, fit. on a rock
oppofite to Calais, in France, 70 m.
S. E. of London, and 15 S. £. of
Canterbury. Once eftccmed a ftrong
fortrefs, and the key of the K, but
the fortifications arc antique, and a
poor fecurity againfl an enemy at
prefent ; neither is the harbour fe-
cure or capable of admitting fliips ef
burthen. Dover gives the title of
Duke to the noble fumily of Doughs,
and fends two members to parlia-
ment, ftiled barons of the cinque
ports, of which Dover is chief.
DouctAS, W. Ion. 4. 25. lat.
54. 7. a port town on the coaft ef
the ifle of Man, equally di(lant from
the English, Scoth and Irifli fliores,
Che bcft harbour in the illand.
DOURLACH. SeeDuRLACH.
DovRLENS, £. Ion. 2. 22. lat.
50. 12* a town of France, in the
pr. of Picardy, fit. 15 in. N. of
Amiens.
Dow , W. Ion, 5. 50. lat. 54.
23. capital of the co. of Down, in
tile pr. of Uifter, in Ireland, fit. 7
m. W. of Strangford bay.
PowKKTON, or Dunk TON,
Vf. Ion. I. 50. lat. 5'. 5. a borough
town of Wiltshire, fit. 5 ni. S. of
Saliftury ; feodi two ncq^bcft to
fftrliamcnCt
Down HAM, E. Ion. 40 min,.
lat. 52. 40. a market town in Nor-
folk, fit. near the river Oufc, 10
m. S. of Lynn, and 33 m. W. of
Norwich. Here every Monday morn-
ing, icoo, fometimes 2000, firkins
of butter are brought and fent up
the river Oufc to Cambridge, from
whence it is conveyed to London in
the Cambridge waggons, and gets the
name of Cambridge butter, though
very little of it be the. produce of
that county.
Downs, a road near the coaft of
Deal, in Kent, through which Hiip-
ping pafs in going out and return-
ing hon>e, and frequently make
fome ftay ; here alfo fquadrons of
men of war frequently tendez-
vous.
Drave, a large navigable river,
which rifes in the archb. of Saltz-
burg, in Germany, runs S.E. thro*'
the pr. of Stirin, and continuing its
courle S. £. divides Hungary from
Sclavonia, and falls into the river
Danube at Efieck.
Dravton, W, Ion. 2. 30. lat,
52. 50. a market town of Shrop-
Aire, fit. 14 m. N.E. of Shrewf«
bury,
Dresden, E. Ion. 13. 36* lat.
51. a city of Germany, capital of
the El. of Saxony, fit. on the river
Elbe, 65 m. N.W. of Prague, and
85 S. of Berlin. It is one of the
larged and ftrongeft towns in Ger-
many, and was the only place which
the K. of Sweden, Charles XII. did
not reduce when he laid Saxony un-
der contribution, anno 1706 ; for
here the Ele£lor, then K. of Po-
land, rcfided, determined to defend
the city to the lad extremity ; and
hither Charles XII. ventured to
come and take his leave of that K.
after he had drained his country uf
all its tieafure i nor did the K.
think fit to detain his perfon, but
let him return peaceably to his
camp.
Dreux, W. Ion. I. 25. lat. 48.
4$. a town of France, in the pr. of
Orleaauii, and ter. of Chartret, fit.
»7
D U
D U
lat.
17 m. N. of Chartres, and 35 W.
of PAt'a.
Drino, E. Ion. 20. lat. 42. a
port town of Turkey, fit. on a bay
of the gulph of Venice, to which
it gives name, fit. 60 m. S. £. of
Ragufa.
Droghboa, W« Ion. 6. 30. lat.
53. 45« a port town of Ireland, in
the CO. of Lowth and pr. of Leinller,
ftt. on the river Boyne, 5 ni. W. of
the Iriflk channel, 23 m. N. of
Dublin.
Droitwich, W. Ion. ^. 15.
lat. 5». ao. a borough town of Wor-
cefterfliire, fit, 6 m. N. of Wor-
ceder; where are confiderablc fait
works ; fends two members to par-
liament.
Drontmiim, E.lon. 10. 30. lat.
64. a city and port town of Nor-
way, capital of the pr. of Dron-
theim, fit. on a bay of the Northern
Ocean, a 50 m. N. E. of Berghen.
Drvmbote, yi. Ion. 6. 45. lat.
54. 5. a town of Ireland, in the co.
of Monaghan and pr. of VMtTf fit.
8 m. W. of Dundalk,
Drumlankrk, W. Ion. 3. 3*^.
lat. 55, 13. a town of Scotland, in
the CO. of Nithfdale, fit. on the
river Nith, 15 m. N. of Dumfries.
Drusenheim, £. Ion. 8. lat.
4S. 40. a town of Germany, in the
pr. of Alface, fit, on the W. fide
of the river Rhine, 4 m. S. E. of
Hagenau, and 2 S. W. of Fort
Luuis.
Dublin, W. Ion, 6. 25. lat,
53. z6. the capital of the pr. of
Lcinftcr, and of the K. of Ireland,
fit. at the mouth of the river Liffec,
near the Irifli channel, 60 m. W. of
Holyhead, in Wales, and 270 m.
N.W. of London. It is a bedUtiful
city, pleafantly fituated, in view of
the Tea on one fide, and a fine coun*
try on the other ) the feat oF the
government and the chief courts of
judice. It would have been a cnm^
modious and fecure harbour, but
the mouth of it is fo choaked up,
tliat vefiels of burthen cannut come
up to the town, it is the fee of aa
archb. and has a noble college, whioh
makes a univ. or itieir, navmg 600
ftudents in it of all iurto.
DuDERSTAT, E. lun. 10. ?. lat,
51. 30. a town of Germany, in the
CO. of Eiffield and cir. of Upper
Saxony, fit. 35 m. N. E. of Calkl,
fub. to the Eicdtor of Mcntz.
DuERO, or DuRO, a river of
Portugal, which rifing in the N. E.
of Old Caftile, in Spain, runs from
E. toW. thr«* that pr. by V. l!a-
dolid J then crofles the pr. of l.fun,
pafling by Toro and Zamora, and
entering Portugal at Mtrariiia, runs
S. dividing the kingdoms of Spun
and Portugal j then turning W.
crofTes Portugal, and falls into the
Atlantic Ocean at Porto Fort.
DUERSTEDE, E. lon. 5. I C. ll^.
52. 10. a town of the United Ne-
therlands, in the pr. of Utrecht, fa.
on the river Leek, 14 ni. S. E. vt'
the city of Utrecht.
DuisBuur,, £. lon. C. 12. I;>r.
51. 22. a city of Geimany, i« the
cir, of Weftphaiiaand ter. of C.i-cvr,
fit. on the river Rotr, whicL i.\V%
into the Rhine a livtlc Iclow, 12 m.
N. of Duffeldorp, fub. to Fiuina.
DuLCiGNo. See Doi.cK.Ko.
DuMBLAiN, W. Ion. :. 45. lat.
56. 17. a town of Scotland, »n tlw
fliire of Mcntietb, fit. 5 m. N. uf
Stirling ; rear which town was
fought the battle of Sheriff M'oj,
between the Englifh comnjandni by
the D. of Atgyle, and the Siotn
commanded by the Larl of Mat,
anno 1715; where a wmg of cdch
fide was v^cloriouS) and the ott.cr
wing defeated.
DUMFER ML ING, W. lon. 3,
20. lat. 56. 15. a pari, town in
Scotland, (it. in the co, of Fife,
15 m. N.W. of Edinburgh : here
was a magnificent abbey and palace
of the Kings of Scotland, in which
the i'rincels Elizabeth (daughter of
K. James VI. and mother of the
Princefs Sophia, from whom the
prefent royal family are defccndid)
was born.
El
m
L%
DVM-
D U
D U
DcMfRiis, the capital of the
(o. of Dumfries or NithAlale, in
Scotland, fit. on the river Nith, W,
Ion. 3. 20. lat» 54, 45. 6 m. N> of
Soiway Frith.
Dunbar, W. Ion. 2. 12. lat*
56. a town of Scotland, \A the fliire
of Lothian, fit. near the German
fea, 25 m. £. of Edinburgh; ren-
dered memorable by Crotnweirs vie-
tory over the Scots, anno 1650.
DUNBARTON, W, loD. 4. 32,
lir. 56. capital of the /hire of Dnn-
barton, or Lenox, in Scotland, (it.
at the confluence of the rivers Leven
and Clyde, i6 m. N.W. of QIm-
gO^V.
DuNCANON fortrefs, W. Ion, 6.
50. lat. 52. 10. a town of Ireland,
in the co. of Wexford, and pr* of
Leinfter, fit. on the river Rofs,
6 n). E. of Watcrford.
DuNDALK, E. Ion. 6. 40* lar*
54. 5. a port town of Ireland, in
the CO. of Lowth and pr. of Lr.infler,
iit. en a bay of the Itifh (ea^ to
which it gives its name, 18 tn. N.
cf Dicj^hrda, j^ ...
Dundee, W. Ion, a. 4i« iat.
t;6. j2. a xcmn or Scotland, in the
ihrre ot Angus, fit. on the N. fide
ot the Fr.th of Tay, 14 m. N.W.
of Sr. Andrews,
Di NCBURG, E. Ion. 26, 20. Jftt.
56. 36. a town ot Livonia, fit. on
the N. ftore of the river Dwina, 76
m. S. £. of Riga, fub. to Rulila.
DUNGANNON, W. Ion. 7 lat.
54. 28. a town of Irelitnd, in the
CO. of Gyronc and pr. of Ullfcr, At.
Jim. N. of Ardmagh, I'll
DuNOABVAN, W. Ion. 7. 32.
lilt. 52. fit. on Dungarvan Bay, in
the CO. of Waterfoid and pr. of
MiinArr, in Ireland, 12 m. S.W.
of Waterford town.
DuNGENEss, a cape or point of
Innd on the (oall of Kent, 5 tn. S.
of i^omney.
Dunk ELD, W. Ion. 3. ac lat.
^6. -^6. a city of Scotland, 10 the
fiiire of Perth, fir. on the river Tay,
Jim. N. of Perth.
Dunkirk, £. ion. z. %Q, hu
51. a pert town of the French Ne-
therlands, in the pr. of Flanders, fit.
on the Englilh channel, at the mouth
of the river Coin, 20 m, E. of Ca-
lais, 24 S.W. of Oftend, and 50 E.
of Dover, The fortifications of which
port, and the works that run out
into the fea, had coft France more
money than any fortrefs of that K,
This town being taken from th^
Spaniards, by the united forces of
England and France, was put into the
hands of the Englifli, anno 1658,
but was fold to Fiance in the reign
of King Charles II. Whereupon the
fortifications were much improved,
and it was the ftation of the French
privateers in the wart that followed,
who grew rich with the fpoils of the
Engliib. Whereupon Britain infifted
on the harbour and fortifications baing
demolifhed, at the treaty of Utrecht,
anno 17 13, which was doneaccord*.
ingly. This port would never admit
of large men of war, all the mif-
chief from thence was done by light
frigates and privateers.
Dun le rot, £. Ion. 2. ^€%
lat. 46. 48. a town of France, i >
the pr. of Orleanois, and ter. oi
Berry, 17 m. S. of Bourges.
Dun MOW, £, Jon. 25 min. lat.
51. 45. a market town of Eflex, fit.
ii m. N. of Chelmiford.
DUNNEGAL, W. Ion. 8. 22. fat,
54. 35. a town of Ireland, capital
ot the CO. of Dunnegai, in the pr.
of Ulfier, fit. on the bay of Dunne,
giol, to which it gives its name, xo
xn. N. of BalliHiannon.
i DuNNiNCTON, W. Ion. 5 m,
lat. 52. 55. a market town of Lin*
coInOiire, fit. 23 m. S. E. of Lin-
coln.
DuNNosc, a cape or point of
land on the S. coaft of the ifle of
W/ght.
DuNOTIR CASTLE, W. lon. f.
50. lat. 56. 50. a magnificent caf^!e
and palace in Scotland, in the co. of
Aberdeen, moil agreeably f.^uated on
an eminence by the fea coaft, 12 m.
S. of Aberdeen, 4nd bclungii.g to ths
£arl fflitrihal.
Dun-
D U
D Y
Lin*
Lin-
DUNROBIN CAStlE, W. lon.
3. 40. lat. 58. 15. fit. on the fea
coaft, in the co. of Sutherland, 21
m, N. cf Cromartie j a feat of the
Earl of Sutherland.
Duns, W, lon. a, iz. lat. 55.
42. a market town of Scotland, in
the Aire of Mers, fit. 12 m. W. of
Berwick upon Tweed. Here Dun-
fcotus the fchoolman was born.
Dunstable, W. lon. 30 min.
lat. 51. 50. a market and road town,
30 m. N.W. of London, and 15 m.
S. of Bedford.
Duns TAR, W. lon. 3. 36. lat.
51. 15. a market town of Somer-
ietfliire, fit. on Briftol channel, 18
in. N.W. of Taunton.
Dun WICK, £. lon. i. 50. lat.
51. 25* a borough town of Sufl^blk,
lit. on the German fea, 40 m. K.
of Bury ^ fend« two members to par-
liament.
., Durance, a river of France,
which rifing in the Alps, runs W.
along the confines of Dauphine and
Provence, then running S. by Silte^
ron, and afterwards W. thro' Pro-
vence, falls into the Rhone, a little
bilow Avignon.
DuRANGO, W. lon. 2. 40« laf.
43. a town of Spain, in the pr. of
Bifcay, 17 m. £. of Bilboa.
DuRAzzo, £. lon. 20. 10. lat.
41. 37. a port town of Turkey, in
the pr. of Albania, fit. on the £.
iide ot the gulph of Venice, 20 m.
S. pf Drino, and 38 N. cf Valona.
DuRRUY, E. lon. 5. 30. lat. 50.
23. a town of the AuiUian Nether-
lands, jn the pr. of LuxembkKg» fit*
2 1 m. S. of Liege, and 23 S. £. of
Namur.
DuREN, E. Ion. 6. 12. lat. 50.
45. a town of Germany, in the D.
ot Juliers, 8 m. S. of the city of
JuliLTs, fub. to the El. palatine.
DuHHANf, W. lon. I. 12. lat.
54. 50. the capital city of the cc.
of Durhatii, (It. on the rtver Were,
14 ni, S. oi NewcdAle, and 200 m%
K. of London ; Durham is the fee of
a bilh. and principality, and fends
two members to parliament.
DUKLACH, or DOURLACH, £.
lon. 8. 14. lat. 49. a town of Ger-
many in the cir. of Suabia and ter. of
Baden, fit. 15 in. N.£. of the city
of Baden, and fub. to the prince ut
Baden-Dourlach.
DvRSLXY, W. lon. 2. i3. lat.
51. 40. a market town of GUm-
cefterfliire, fit. 15 m. S.W. of Glo-
cefter.
DussELDORP, £. Ion. 6. 20.
lat. 51. 15. a city of Germany in
the cir. of Weftphalia, capital of the
D. of Berg, fit. on the L. fhore of
the Rhine, 20 m. N. ofCologn, at
prefent in the pollejlion of the Elec-
tor Palatine.
DUYIVETAND, or DiVELLANP,
one of the iHands of Zealand in th«
United Provinces, £. of the ifie of
Schoncn, from which' it is divided
by a narrow channel.
DwiNA, a pr. of Ruiili, having
the White Sea on theTJ. and the pr.
of Rubenin/ki on the S. the capit.1l
city Archangel.
DwiNA, the name of a river,
which rifes in Lithuania in Pi)i,u)vi,
and running N.W. divides Livonu
from Courhnd, and falls into tli;;:
Baltic fea at the Dunamunder f«<it,
a little below Riga.
DwiNA, a river which pivr><
name to the pr. of Dwina, and tun-
ning through it from S. to N, dii-
charges itfelf into the White Sea a
little below Archangel.
Dvi. E, a river of the Auftrijn
Netherlands, which rifing in Brabaui
ru'>9 N. by Louvain, anJ having re-
cciv.-'d the Demer, then runs W. by
Mechlin, and falls into the Schcld ^i
Rupplemund,
Dyscr r, W. lon. 3. lat. ^6.
10. a pailianifnt town of ScotJdud,
in llie CO. of Fife, f»t. on the N.
coaft of the Forth, 11 m. N, of
Edinburgh.
ij
E A
£B
E C
£ A
^-.■,
>^-^r'h
EARNE \.hxx, or Lotrcn
ZARNE, a great lake of Ire-
in the co. of Firmanagh, and
pr. of UJiler, extending 30 m. in
length, joined by a nftrrow ftraic^ en
m^hich Aands the town of Iniflcilling,
the inhabitants whereof exprefTed an
iincomnion bravery in the tedud^ion
•f Ireland at the revolution.
Easingwold, £. Ion. i. lat.
54. 12. a market town in the N.
riding of Y<)rk(hire^ fit. xo m* N.
W. of York.
£ AS LOW, W. Ion. 4. 46. I&t.
50. a 3. a bor. town of Cornwall,
lit. near the coaft of the £ngli(h
chahtieJ, sz m. S. of LaunceAon ;
fends twt> flnembers to parliament.
Kastonhess, the moft yvefterly
point, oiPcapc, eui the coaft of Suf-
folk, N. of Southwold bay.
Eaton, W. Ion. 35 min. lat. ^i.
a8. a town of Buckingharoftire, tit.
«• the Thames oppoiite to Windfor,
ao m. W. of Lunion, wHere is a
khoot and college of the foundation
of K. Heary VK being a feminary
for King's college in Cambridge,
iK>ne but the lads of this fchool being
•dmitted fellows of King's college.
Eausx, or Euss, a towh of
France, in the pr. of Cafcony and
<p. of ilrmagnac, W. Ion, 5 min.
lat. 44. fit» 15 m. S.W» of Con-
4om.
EBXRSDORr, E. Ion. 16. 15..
lar. 48. 25. a town of Germany in
the cir. of Auflria, fit. on the river
iJanubr, 8 m. E. of Vienna.
EsrisTEiN, E. Ion. $. il. lat..
48. 40. a town of Germany, in the
cir, of Siiatia, 6 m. S. of SMkn.
bBi:R«TxiN, E. Ion. 7, 35. lat.
48. 25. a town of G«rmai>y in the
cir. of the Upper Rhine and Ian. of
Allacp» At. 1 1 in. S.W. of Stra(burg»
£iiBE9iBKR«, £. Ion. 7. 20. lat.
49* 40. a towa ol Ccituany, iit.. in
the pti. of the Rhine, 3 m. S. of
Creutfnach.
Ebro, anciently Iberus, is a
viver of Spain, which ri(ea> in the
N. W. part of Old Caftile upon
the confines of Afturia, runs S. E.
through Old Caftile and Bifcay, then
dividing Old Caftile from Navarre,
continues its courfe through Arra-
gon, Yiilting the capital city of Sa>
ragota^ from whence it run« S. E.
to the confines of Catalonia, where
it reechoes the Cinca and Segra, and
then crowing the S.W, part of Cata-
lonia, paffes by the city of Tortofa,
difcharging itfelf with great rapidity
into the Mediterranean, 20 m. be-
low that city. From this river Ibe-
rus it is fuppofed Spain \it\ its iin-
cient name of Iberia ; certain it is
the Ceha;, a nation of Gaul, that fent
colonies into th?s |)art of Spain, were
called Celti>>erians, and tha country
Ctltiberia. V^rt the conclufion of
the firft' Punic war the Ebro made
the boundary between the Roman
and Carthaginian territories j and
S^pain,* Slvheh intirely reduced by the
Romans, was divided by them into
two very unequal provinces, via, the
Hither and the Further Spain, in
refpcft to Rome, that of the W. of
the Ebro being vaftly larger than
"the other. The river Ebro is, at
prefect, ahnoft the only navigable
river in Spain, and in this the navi-
gation is very difficult, except be-
tween Tortofa and the fea, for the*
it w"ll carry vcflels 250 m. down the
ftream, it runs with that rapid force
that a boat cannot go up the ftream
higher than Tortofa, and it is very
dangerous going down on account of
the rocks, which lie in the chan-
nel for 50 or 60 m. bcl«w Saragofa,
ECBATANA. SeeTAWRI"?.
EccLXsuAr., W. Ion. 2. 13. lat,
52. ^8. a market town of Stafford-
(hire, fit. 5 m. N.W. of StafTord.
EccLEsTON, W. Ion. a. 36. lat.
53. /,o, a m.Mker town of Lancafhhe,
fit. 20 m. 9. of Lancafter.
EcKXRKN, £.' Ion. 4. 14. lat.
51. 23, a little place in the Auftriait
E D
ED
Kctherlands, and pr. of Brabant, fit.
4 ffl. N. of Antwerp, and 6 m. £.
of Lillo, made memorable by an ob-
ftinate battle fought there between
the French and Dutch, anno 17Q3,
where the Dutch General Opdan,
being feparated from his army, in-
formed the States they were entirely
defeated; but the Dutch afterwards
maintained their ground, being com-
manded by general Slacgenburg, re.
pulfed the French, whereupon Op •
dam was broke and difgraced.
EcKRXMroRD. See Ekrxn.
roRO.
£cKTEBNAc» E. lon. 6. 15.
lat. 49. 55* a town of the Auftrian
Netherlands, in the pr. of Luxem-
burg, fit. on the river Sure, ]8 m.
N. £. of Luxemburg.
>• EcLUSc, E. lon. 3. lat. 50. 20.
t town of the French Netherlands,
in the pr. of Artois, fit. on the ri-
vet Cognewl, 12 m. E. of Arras.
EcYA, or EzijA, W. Ion. 5,
lat. 37. 20. a city of Spain,, in the
pr. of Andalufia, fit. on the river
Xemil, 48 m. £. of Seville, and 28
S. W. of Cordoua.
Edam, a town of N. Holland,
fit. on the W. (hore of the Zuyder
fea, 12 m. N. £. of Amfierdam.
Eden, a river which rifes inWeft-
moreland, on the confines of York-
ihire, and running N. by Appleby
and Carlifie, falls into Solway Frith,
6 m. W. of that city.
Eden cabdxn, fuppofed to be
lit. in Diarbec, the ancient Mefopo-
tamia, in Afia, between the rivers
Euphrates and Tigris.
,v Edessa. SeeORFA.
Edghill, W. lon. i. 26. lat.
52. 9, near Kcynton in Warwick-
Aire, fit. 12 miles S. of Warwitk,
and 10 miles N. W. of Banbury in
Oxfurdihire ; rtniered memoraMe by
the fiift battle which wa;. fought in
the civil wars between the Royaltfls
and Parliamentarians, w[ere King
Charles I. was in perfon, on Sunday
tkc 23d of OAober, 1642.
EDGWORTHfOr EOOWARE, W.
k>z 15 m>n« lat. 51. 35. a market
town of Middlefex, fit. id miles U,
W. of London ; adjoining to which
ftood Canons, the elegant feat of the
Duke of Chandos, now demolifii'd.
EoiNBVRcn, W. ion, 3, lat,
56. the capital city of Scotland, and
,of the CO. of Mid-lothian, fit. z
m. S. «f Leith, and of the Frith of
Forth, 82 m. N. W. of Newcaftle,
and upwards of 300 N. W. of Lon-
don. It Aands on an eminence, and
has one grand ftreet, upwards of a
mile m length, and very broad, the
caftle at one cad, and the palace of
Holyrood-houfe at the other ; the
buildings of hewn ftone8,la/hed, and
ten or eleven flories high, there be-
fng diftin^ families on every floor
almoft. There is a defcent from this
Areet on each fide, which makes
the crofs ftreets incommodious ; how-
ever the Scots efteem it the prettieft
town in Europe, though it be but
fmall for the capital city of the king-
dom. Here the parliament ufed to
aAiemble, and here tHe fupreme courts
of juftice are ftill held ; but, as mcft
of their great men attend the £ngli/h
court tr parliament, Edinburgh muft
jiecefTariiy be upon the decline at
prefent. It was the fee of a bi/hop
till epifcopacy was aboliihed, at (he
revolution i638 i the univ. however,
ftill flourishes.
Ediston rock, W. Jon, 4. 15,
lat. 50. 13. a rock fit. in the Engfiih
channel, 16 m. S. of Plymouth in
DevonAire ; on which a light- houfe
is eie^^ed, for the diredlion of fiiips
going in or out of the channel. The
firft light-houfc was built by Mr.
Stanly, which was demoliihed by
the great ftorm on thfr26tb of No-
vember 1703, in which Mr, Stan-
ly, the engineer, pcrifhed himfelf j
but it has been rebuilt, and bid de-
fiance to all the fiorms that have
ha^^encd fince^ on the coailts uf
Devon and Cornwall, from which it
is equally difiant.
ESMONDS Bury. See Burv
St. Edmonds.
Edom^ or Idumra, now part of
Arabia Fetnea, wai fir, between the
E G
E G
;**
Levant and the Red Sea, which di-
vides Afia from Africa.
ErFXROiNCjOr Evekding, E.
Ion. 13. 50. Jat. 48. zo. a town of
Germany, in Upper Auftria, fic. 10
m. W. ot Lintz.
EcEAN SKA, now the Archi-
pelago, fit. between Greece and the
LefTer Afia.
EcKR. SeeAcRiA*
Egbrmond, W. Ion. 3. J^, lat.
54. 26. a market town in Cumber-
land, 10 m. S. of Cockermouth.
Egra, E. Ion. 12. 22. lat. 50.
xo. a city of Bohemia, fit. on the
river Egra, 75 m. W. of Prague,
taken by the French, anno 1742,
but furrendcred to the Auftrians the
next year, and now fub. to thehoufe
of Auftria ; a town of the greated
tonfequence of any in Bohemia, ex-
cept Prague.
Egripos. See Negropont.
Egypt, fir. in the N. E. part of
Africa, between 30 and 36 degrees
of £. Ion. and between 21 and 31
degrees of N. lat. bounded by the
Levant, or Mediterranean Sea, on
the N. by the Red Sea, and the iflh-
mus of Sues, which divides it from
Arabia, on the E. by Abyfiinia, or
Ethiopia Superior, on the S. and by
the defarts of Barca and Nubia on
theW, being 600 m. in length, from
N. to S. £nd from 100 to 200 in
breadth, from E. to W. the river
Nile, which rifes in Abyflinia, run-
ning the whole length of it, from S.
to N. and overflowing it annually,
beginning to rife in the months of
May or June, and is at the height
iifually in September, from which
time the waters decreafe till May or
June again. There being no other
water in the country (or not more
than two fprings) they were under a
neceihty of building their towns on
the b.inks of the Nile, on fomc emi-
nences, natural or aitiiicial j fo that,
on the overflowing of the river, they
look like fo many iflandi, which
have no other communication but by
boats. The Lower Egypt is contain-
ed m a triangular iilandj made by the
Levant, and the two chief branches
of the Nile, which, dividing 5 mifes
below Cairo, one branch takes its
courfe to the N. W. and falls into
the Levant at Rofietto, and the
other N. £. falling into the fea
at Damietta, the ancient PeluHura ;
thefe mouths being about 100 miles
afunder. This part of the country
called the Delta, or Lower Egypt,
having the greateft advantage by the
overflowing of the Nile, is much
the moft fruitful, but not the moft
healthful, the mud which covers it,
after the flood is gone, fending up an
unwholefome vapour. The moun»
tains and fands which indofe Egypt
on the E. and W, would render the
valhey between excefTive hot, if it
were not for this annual flood ; nor
would the foil produce much with-
out it, for the country is naturally
barren, where the waters do not
reach, and they have feldom any
rain, unlefs in the Lower Egypt,
though travellers relate, that they
have fometimes feen heavy ihowers
even in Upper Egypt. They have
canals cut quite through Upper £-
gypt, to dif^ribute the water to their
fields and gardens, and preferve it in
the dry feafon j and thefe they fill
with great ceremony annually, when
the river rifes to a certain height ^
and, by thefe means, Egypt is rendered
the moft fruitful country in Africa,
fupplying Conftantinople, and other
towns in European Turky, with corn,
as it did Rome and Italy of olJ.
They only harrow their grain into
the mud, on the retiring or the wa-
ters, and, in March following, ufually
have a plentiful harveft. As to their
rice fields, they fupply them with
water from their canals and refer-
voirs condantlyy this grain always
growing in water. Thofe lands that
arc not fown, yield good crops of
grafs for their cattle. No place in
the world, fays Mr. Sandys, is ber--
ter furnifhed with grain, flefii, fi/h,
fugjr, fruits, melons, roots, and
other garden fluff, than the Lower
Egypt } «rangeS| lemons^ fig8> dates,
aimoods.
E G
E I
almsnds, caiTia and plantains, abound
here } and they have fome grapes,
but not proper for wine j which de-
feat is, in fome meafure, fupplied by
palm wine. The country is exccflive
hot for two or three months before
the flood rifeS| and the mulketoes,
or gnats, will not fuffer people to
deep in the night. The fands al-
fo are extremely troublefome, in-
Unuating themfelves into the clofets,
chefts, and cabinets, and even into
the bed-cloaths, making them as
hot as if they had been warmed with
coals J and thefe fands are probably
the occaiion of fore-eyes, with which
the natives are almoft univerfally
affli^e^* ■ \ fummer. Fevers and
* :es u. 'Vequent in autumn -■. '
*«-. fwel....g of the fcrotum j ^ut
the greatcft misfortune is the plague,
vhich vifits them, at Icaft, once ih
fevcn years ; but, when the Nile be-
gins to overflow, 'tis faid, the plague,
and all other difcafes, are abated. It
muft not be forgot, alfo, that the hot
windt art very troublefome in April
and May, and one occaiion of tneir
fore-eyes, as well as the fands.
Among the coriofities of Egypt,
the pyramids are the moft confidcra-
ble ; rhey ire built of ftone, by whom,
or when, none knows j the bafe of
the largef^ taking up ten acres of
ground, and running up to 700 feet
perpendicular height, eye witneflTes
frequently differ 100 feet as to their
height ; and. Indeed, the fands are
driven up fo high on the fides, that it is
iftiprafticable to take the height ex-
aftly. The mummy pits arc another
curiofity, which, with the pyramids,
arc on the W. fide of the river, op-
pofite to Cairo j in thefe pits have
b^en thotifands of imbalmed bodies
interred, which have continued 3 or
4000 years at leaft ; the coffins are
fet Upright, in nitches in the walls,
and never laid at length.
Egypt is generally held to be fub.
to the Grand Signior, and fo it is in
fiart, but his authority is exttemety
imited by the Egvptian princes, who
are all of them abfolute in their re-
fpe£live territories, and afTemblc it
Cairo, in a kind of parliament, or
great council, which fubmits to the
Grand Signior's Bafla, or Viceroy, no
farther than they fee fit, and fome-
times depofe him, and demand aa-
ofher of the Grand Signior, who Is
more accepts! le to them j however,
they fuffer the Grand Signior to col-
le£l a revenue in their feveraldiflriftj,
but by no means equal to what the
c> untry is able to pay j and, if more
is demanded, or any innovations at-
tempted, it indangers a rovolt. They
come to Cairo with fuch bodies of
troops as protcdl them againft the
arbitrary adminiftration of the Bafla,
and the only way he has to manage
them, is by dividing them into pai;-
tleis, and Cdirg with that party which
is mOil devoted to the Grand Signior.
Thefe Egyptian princes are not na-
tives of the country, neither are
they ever fucceeded by their children
in their refpedlive g« vernnr.ents, but
by ferae (lave, whom ti.ey appoint
tneir fucceflbr ; and thefe are, ufual-
ly, flaves purchafed in Georgia, or
Circafiia. This is their conftitu-
tion, as was that of the ancient
Mamalukes ; no man cculd be . a
fcvercign who had not been a flave,
and purchafed in fome foreign coun-
try J but, out of thefe, we muft ex-
cept fome Chieks, or Arab Chiefs,
who are proprietors of villages. Or
fmall diftri^s, in the country } thefe
are fucceeded by their children, on
paying a fine, or fmall rent, to the
government. The religion of tke
governors of the country is Maho-
metan, but the Cophtis, the pofterity
of the ancient Egyptians, the Greeks
and Latins, are Chriftians, but of
different fe^s ; and there are a great
number of Jews at Cairo, and in
the great towns, where any thing is
to be got.
Egyptkn, E. Inn. 26. lat. 56,
20. a town of Poland, in the pr. of
Courland, fituate 70 m. S. £. of
Mittau.
ErcHTK«NAC, E. k)ng. 6. 30.
lat, 49. 55. a town of the Auflnan
Nether-
.
I
^1
E L
E L
Netherlands, in the pr. of Luxem-
burg, fit. 7 Ri. N. W. of Treves,
ElENDHOVEN, £. long. 5. 30.
lat. 51. 26. a town of Dutch Bra-
bant, in the Netherlands, fit. 15 m>
S. of Boifleduc.
EiFEiD, or Elfield, E. Ion.
7. 36. lat. 50. 6. a town of Ger-
many, cap^« of the co. of Rhinegaw,
. in the cir. of Lower Saxony, fit. on
the river Rhine, 6 m. N. W. of
Mentz, fub. to the El. of Mentz.
EiMBCcK, E. Ion. 9.45. lat. 51.
50. a town of Germany, m the cir.
of Lower Saxony, and ter. of Gru-
benhagen, fit. 25 m. S. of Hilde-
iheim, fub. to Hanover.
EiSLXBEN, £. Ion. 12. lat. 51.
45. a town of Germany, in the cir,
of Upper Saxony, and co. of Manf-
6eld, fit. 5 m. E. of Mansfield, the
place of Luther*s nativity.
EisNACH. SeeEysNACH.
Ekesio, or Ekxsto, £. Ion.
15. lat. 57. 30. a town of Sweden,
in the pr. of Eaft Gothland, fit. 50
n. N. W. of Calmar.
Ekrenford, £. Ion. 10. lat. 54.
• 50. a port town of the D. of SleC-
. vrick, fit. on a bay of the Baltic fea,
. 9 m. £. of the city of Slefwick.
Elba, £. Ion. 11. 20. lat. 42.
%%. an ifland on the Mediterranean,
fit. 15 m. W, of th«^ coaft oi Tufca-
. ny, in Italy, part whereof belongs to
Spain, and the other to Tufcany.
Elbassano, £. Ion. 21. lat.41.
• so. a city of European Turkey, in
the pr. of Albania, fit. 42 m. S. E.
t of Durazzo.
Ex BE, is a river which rifes in
the confines of Silefia, and running
S. to Koningfgratz in Bohemia, af.
terwards runs N. W. till it receives
the Muldaw, at Malnick below
■ Prague ; and then continuing its
courfe N. pafies thro* the D.of Sax-
ony, vifiting Drefden, Meilfen, and
Wittenburg, and afterwards Magde-
burg ; then running N. £. through
Brandenburg, receives the river Ha-
vel ; after which it divides the D. of
Lunenburg from Mecklenburg, and
then running between the D. of
Bremen and Holflein, viHts Ham-
burgh } and paHlng on Hill N. W. by
the fortrefs of Gluckftaf, falls into
the German fea, a httle below it.
It is navigable for great /hips higher
than any river in Europe, fhips of
3 or 400 tons coming up as high at
Hamburgh, which is 70 m. from the
feaj and by this river is imported,
and exported, to, and from Germany,
an incredible quantity of merchandize
ef almofl every kind.
Elbeuf, E. ion. I. 15. lat. 49.
18. a town of France, in the pr. of
Normandy, 10 m. S. of Rouen.
Elbing, £. Ion. 20. lat. 54. 15.
a city of Royal Pruflia, in the pal. of
Marienburg, fit. on a bay of the Bal-
tic fea, called the FrifhhafF, near
the mouth of the river V/tflel, 30
m. £. of Dantzick } a large populous
town, and a place of good trade ;
fub. to the crown of Poland.
Elbocen, E. Ion. 12. 35. lat.
50. 20. a town of Buhemia, fit. on
the river Eger, iz m. £. of Egra.
Elburg, E. Ion. 5>45. lat. 52,
30. a town of the United Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Guelderland, fit.
on the E. coaft of the Zuyder fea,
10 m. N. E. of Harderwick.
Elcatif, E. Ion. 49. lat. 25.
the capital of a ter. in Arabia Fcelix,
in Afia, which lies on the weflern
fltore of the gulph of Perfia, and is
fub. to that crown. This city lies
300 m. S. of Boflbra j and in the
gulph near it was, not long fince,
a very rich pearl fiihery.
Eldenhole, in Darby (hire, to
which no bottom can be found, as
'tis faid.
Elfield. SeeEiFSLn.
Elgin, W. Ion. z. 45. lat. 57,
40. a city of Scotland, capital of
the CO. of Murray, fit. on the river
Lofey, 5 m. S. of Murray Frith, and
37 m. E. of Invernefs.
Elham, E. Ion. I. 12. lat. 51.
10. a market town of Kent, 9 m.
S. of Canterbury, and 6 m. N. W.
of Dover.
Elizabeth island, W. Ion.
79. lat. 41. an iHand in the Atlantic
Ocean,
*?»■:
E L
.*
E M
Ocean, near the coaft of New Eng*
land, having Cape Cod on the N. the
ifland of Nantucket on the £. and
the ifland of Martha's Vineyard on
the W. fub. to Great-Britain j the
natives employed chieBy in the Hihe-
ries, particularly that of whales.
Elkholm, £. ion. 14. 30. lat.
56. 15. a port town of Sweden, in
the pr. of Gothland, and ter, of
Bleking, fit. on the Baltic Sea, 24
m. W. of Carelfcroon.
Ellerena, W. Ion. 5. 40. lat.
38. to. a town of Spain, in the pr. of
Edremadura, 50 m. S.E. of Merida.
Eleesdon, W. Ion. i. 45. lat.
55. Z2. a market town of Northum-
berland, fit. 25 m. N.W, of New-
caftle.
Ellismere, W. Ion. 2. 55. lat.
52. 53. a market town of Shropshire,
10 m. N.W. of Shrewfbury.
Elna, £. Ion. 2. 50. lar. 42.
45. a town of .Spain, in the pr. of
Catalonia, and ter. cf RouHillon,
fit. 10 m. S. £. of Perpignan } fub«
to France.
Elnbocen, E. Ion. I2. 35. lat.
50. 15. a town of Bohemia, fit. on
the river Eger, 15 m. £. of Egra.
Elsas-rabern. SeeRApERN.
ELSIMBURG,OrHELSEMBURG,
E. Ion. 13. 6. lat. 56. a port town of
Sweden, in the pr. of Gothland, and
ter. of Schonen, fit. on the oppofite
fide of the Sound, 7 m. E. of Elfinore.
Elsinore, or theHELsiNCOR,
E. Ion, 13. lat. 56. a port town of the
ifland of Zealand, fit. on the found,
or ftrait, at the entrance of the Bal.
tic fea, 22 m. N. of Copenhagen ;
here the Danes take toll of all mer-
chant fliips which go to the ports in
the Baltic.
Eltz, E. Ion. 9. 35. lat. 52.
15. a town of Germany in the cir.
of Lower Saxony, and bifli. of Hilde<
iheim, fit. on the river Leina, 17 m.
S. of Hanover, and 1 1 m. S. W. of
the city of Hildeflieim.
Elvas, W. Ion. 7. 35. lati 38.
45. a city of Portugal, in the pr. of
Alent^jo, fit. on the river Guadiana,
near the frontiers of SpaniA £Are-
madura, 14 m. W. of Badajox, and
21 £. of Ei^remos. It confifts of 4
pariflies, containing about 2500 in-
habitants, and ftanding on a hill,
fortified after the modern way, is
eftevned one of the ftrengeiV fort*
refies in Portugal. It is the. fee of
a bi(h.
Elwang, E. Ion. 10. 12. lat.
49. a town of Germany, in the cir*
of Suabia, and co. of Ottingen, fit*
37 m. N. of Ulm.
Ely, £. Ion. 15 min. lat. 52*
24. a city in CambridgeHiire, fit»
. 12 m. N. of Cambridge, and, with
the ter. about it, which includes
Wifbeach and mofl part of the fens,
is a county of itfelf, and has a judge
who determines all caufes civil and
criminal within its limits } and is
the fee of a biihop.
Embden, E. Ion. 6. 45. lat. 53*
40. a port town and city of Germany,
in the cir. of Weftphalia, capital of
the CO. of Embden, fit. on the Dol-
lart bay, near the mouth of the river
Ems, 25 m. £. of Groningen, and
60 W. of Bremen, an imperial city,
or fovereign fiate, under the pro-
tc£lion of the Dutch, but the K. of
Piulfia took poflTeilion of the adja-
cent county on the death of the
laft prince, which the Dutch lay
claim to.
Embrun, or Ambrun, E. ion*
6. 6. lat. 44. 35. a city of France,
in the pr. of Dauphine, fit. on a
rock, near the confines of Piedmont,
45 m. S. E. of Grenoble, and 60 m.
W. of Turin j taken by the D. of
Savoy, father of the prefent K. of
Sardinia, anno 1692, but foon after
abandoned by him.
Emm ERIC, E. Ion* 5. 45. lat*
51. 48. a city of Germany, in the
cir. of Weftphalia, and D. of Cleve,
fit. on the £. fide of the Rhine, 6
m. N.E. of Cleve; fub. to PtulTia.
£m?oli, E. Ion. II. 50. lat. 43.
45. a town of Italy, in the D.of
Tufcany, fit. on the fide of the river
Arno, 15 m. W. of Florence.
Ems, a river of Germany, whick
rifcs in the bifli. of Paderborn, in the
5.
I
( ■.
E N
E N
S.E. part of Wellpluilia. It runs
firft W. through the county of Rit-
bergy then.tuii^ng N. pai^ss tbroufh
the CO. of To^klenburg and the bi&.
of Muiift«r»<»iidrQatinuing its coutfe
N. theough the co. ai EmtMlen, or
EaftFrisfland, difcharges itfelf into
the Dolait bay at the city of £inb-
4eii.
ENCNUYtllM) £.. 100.5.40. bit.
52. 4.5. * city aod port: coyvaof the
United Nftherlandsr io ilh« px. of
N. Holland, fit, en the ^uyder S^a,
8 m. N. £. of Hoorne, and 25 ^..£.
of Anofteidam.
ENriELD, under the meridiaa
of London, lat. 51.. 40. a mafket
town of Middlefex, fit. 10 m. Iji. pf
London. „ . .
Engers, £. Ion. 7. 16. lat. 50.
35. a town of Germany, in ihejfir.*
ct the Lower Rhiof, and £!• of
Triers, fit. on the river Rhine, 7
m. N. of Coblentz, and i& capittil of.
a county of the fanie name. v.^ ct^r^
Enghixn, £. Ion. 4. iat, 50. 44.
a town of the AuArian Netli^ecl^nds,
in the pr. of Haiaault« fit.. 14 4;^. $•
W. ofBru{I«|«. Near ^his town <^.
WiJliam in. $kttack(fd the French
commanded by MacAi-il Luxembar^r
anno i69x, but was r^pulied wkh
very great lofs : this is ufualiy, called
the battle of Steinkirk, from^a vil-
lage the French had fortified to de-
fend themfeives. , ,.^ ^ vt\fc,
Engia. SecENGIKA.
Engine, E. Ion. 24. lat. 37.
45* an idand of European Turky,
fit. in the gulph of Engia, between
Achaia and the Morea, 21 m. S. of
Athens, and 50 m. E. of Corinth j
>t is about 30 ni. in circumference,
and has one town upon it of the
fame name, confifting of 600 houfes.
Is is a fruitful country, and abounds
with partridges to that degree, that
the people are fummoned annually
to deftroy their ';ggs to preferve their
corn.
England Old. See the Intro-
duction.
England New, comprehend-
ia| the colonies of, i. The Maf-
fachufets. a. New-Hampihire. 3.*
Connjs^icur. And, 4. Rhode-idaad,
and Providence plantationj, Ts fit. be-
tween 67 and 73 liegreies of W,
Ion. ^nd between 41 ^od 45 de-
gir^es of N. lat. boujided by Canada
on the N.W. by Nova Scotia, or
Acadia, on the N,E. by tb<: Atlantic
Ocean 99 the £. ai^d S. and by the
pr* of New Yor/c on the W.^ being
3QQ.JITI. long, and ffo^n 'ioo,to;(oo
bro^d. The land near th^ fea is
generally lo\v, b.ut farther up the
cgqrvtry it rifcs^into hi,Hls, and o^ the
N. £. js rocky and moqntaiooMS ;
the N, gnd, N. \y. wipd^ blowing
ov^ a >q^ .tra<i ,0/ tirp«pi Vi^WX
arp;?»c^0iy§, <;^4, ,^a4 \ th^if wioiteri
mjjch, fevcr^r find Jofi^cr, th^^ ifl
Old .'jtoglaod* tjjft ground, bripg, co-
vi^cd ,wijhJri,Q,w,.4i>4 the Jh,ips pji
t|j> cpa(l /r^z^j^jup-fujwijj^njqath? i,
but t^fn th^jr ^^€%t^er ^ ,por«,coi)^
fi^ajjty, gnd not, y^r^;\blc^ ui Q\£
England, and. the Ihoft Cvi[|jnjj:^,tl)ey
hayc i_SimiwJ)i,^q;tt^r4 hcwpVjpr the
climate ap^^B^s to be as.^^ifij[yj^
2S,.^iq,.Jiiy ^M^Wf 4n»en<;'an 'j)iaii|:al
c(^^iti^io^a|i^ ^^valty j(^P5i^^
eoiternQf : ^hf ^Dr.^pf.tji^ {J?"Hwir
fet?^ irfpn>prchW»^V'*^New IJlympath
zn^il/ia^^j art incl^duH ip the i^^
charter.^ , 7,^^ .tjgw Hamp||iire l^as
anflith'cr \«h*(^r,*,a^i i?^.^ ^i^A",^
fovernnjent.! ^^',. Conn<^ci|t ;an(i
Newhav^x)jare.^ijcludo4,in a |Hir^
charter. 4. Rhode !UIaA^,an^ l^rovu
dence plantation have anotner-^har-
ter, and no dcpcndanc? on . apy .of
the ref>. As to the coQftjtution of
the MaiFachufets colony : the q:o;wn
appoints the governor, an^ all the of-
ficers of the admiralty ^ ja^d the
power of the militia is intkely in
the hands .of the governor, as eap-
tain-gener^ ; all the judg<;s, jufticef,
and iheriiTs, are nominated by the
governor and council, and the gover-
nor has a negative in the choice of
any member of the council \ all laws
of the general aflembly are fent to
£ogl4B4 to receire the approbation ef
the
E N
E P
the crowOi and no art of govern-
ment is valid without the governor's
c&nfent in writing.
As to the colunies of Conneflicut
and Rhode Ifland, tiio* their govern-
ments are diftinct arid independent
of cich other, yoc is their confti-
tation much the fame, for each of
thefe are impowered, by their re-
fpcrtive charters, to elert their own
governor, deputy-governor, council
and aifembly j to appoint officers
buth civil and military, and to make
laws for the gove!.Junent of their
refpedtive colonies. As to the colo-
ny of New-Hampflairc, this is im-
mediately dependent on the crown ;
the K. appoints their goternor, lieu-
tenant-governor, council, magiftrates,
and otficers ; but the freemen cle£l
their reprefentativei, or lower houfe,
as in Old England : but the laws in
all the colonies are liable to be al.
tc-red and repealed by the parliament
of Great-Britain.
From whence it appears, that the
MaiTachufet colony, which is the
chief of the New England cokmiet,
has a different eonfticution from any
of th;; refl*. There is a mixture of
%hc royal and the charter govern,
mentr, for though the K.. appoints
the {,overnor, he depends on the ge*
deral affcmbly for his fubfiftence,
and the (jstieral aHTembly chufc the
council, which In equivalent to our
houfe of lords ; but then the gover-
nor can rejert any «neinb«j of the
council, chofen by the lower houfe j
and tlie power of the militia, and
the collection of the cuftoms, is en-
tirely in the crown.
Encopikg, E. Ion. i6. 30. lat.
59, 50. a city of Sweden, in the pr.
of Upland, fit. on the Meller lake,
40 m. W. of Stockholm.
Ens, £. Ion. 14. 20. lat. 4S. i6,
a city of Germanyi in the cir. of
Anftria, tit. 80 m. W. ot Vienna,
ai the confluence of the Danube and
Lns.
Ensisiirim, E. Ion. 7. 30. lat.
47. 50. a town of Germany, on the
Upper Rhine, and in the Ian. of Al-
fatia, 50 m. S. of Straiburg.
Enskirkcn, or Eyikerk, E. Ion.
6. 30. lat. 50. 35. a town of Ger-
many, in the cir. of Weftphalia and
D. of Juliers, tit. 15 m. S. W. of
Cologn.
Entrc Minho Docko, a pr.
of Portugal, having the river Minlio
on the N. and Douro on the S. and
the Atlantic Ocean on the W.
Entrz Tayo and Guadiana,
or Alentejo, a pr. of Portugal, fit.
between the riven Tagus and Gua-
diana, having the pr. of £(lremadura
on the N. Spain on the E. Algarva
on the S. and the Atlantic Ocean on
the W.
EfHESus, E. Ion. 27. 40. lat. 37.
5. an ancient city of Ionia, in the
Leifer Afia, fit. near the Tea, on the
mouth of the river Caftrus, which
formed a commodious harbour. Ic
was the capital of AOa during the
Roman government } and here flood
the celebrated temple of Diana, which
Eroflratus burnt down to perpetuate
his memory, the fame night Alexan.
der the Great was born. St. Paul
has honoured the Ephefians with an
Epiflie, and made Timothy the fit il
bifhop of this city, which is now
dwindled to a little town, chough
there are fome remains of a Rom;<R
theatre, a circus, and aquedu«fl, and
many other magniticent ruins, which
lie about 40 ni. S. of Smyrna.
Epirus, or Canina, a pr. of
European Turky, is bounded by Al-
hania on the N. by Thcllaly on the
E. by Arhaia on the S. and by the
fca, near the entranco nf the golph
of Venice, on the W. The capital
Chim^ifra.
Albania is frequently comprehend-
ed in Ei irus, and reckoned the N.
divifion of it ; and, in fume maps,
the whole is denominated Albania.
EppiNf., E. Ion. 5 m. Jat. 51. ^tq,
a market town of Lflex, 1 5 m. N. of
London, and 15 m.W. or Chdnisfurd,
EppiNft£.N, E. lon> 8. 50. lat.
49. 20, a town of Germany, in the
M pal,
I
E R
E R
pal. of the Rhine, fit. lo m. N. of
iiailbron.
Epsom, W. Ion. 20 min. lat. 51.
25. a town in Su'-y, 15 m, S.W,
of London, and 7 m. S.W. of King-
ilon } iTtui:h reforted to on account
of its medicinal waters.
Erkurt, E. Ion. II. 6. lat. 51.
a city of Germany, in the cir. of
Upper Saxony, capital of Thuringia,
fit. 12 m. W. of Weimar, and ao
B. of Saxgotha, fub. to the Eledtor
of Mentz. It is one of the largeft
and moft beautiful cities in Gci-
many, and has a confiderable ter. de-
pending on it.
EridanuS) the ancient name of
the river Fo in Italy,
Erie Lake, lies between 80 and
87 degrees of W. Ion. and between
41 and 4,2 degrees of N. lat. W. of
the colony of Penfilvania, in N. Ame-
Ti<i3. It has a communicaticn with
the lake Ontario, or Frontinac, by
the ftrait ot Niagara, the grcatcft cu-
taraft or fall of water in the known
world. The country between thefe
lakes and the Britifh plantations, is
inhabited by the five nations of Iro-
quois Indians, who always oppofod
the French and their Indians of Ca-
nada, and were a good barrier of the
Britiih plantations, but the French
have prevailed on fome of them to
change fides lately.
Erivan, E. Ion. 45. lat. 40. 6.
a city of Perfia, on the frontiers of
Turky, in Afia, in the pr. of Chir-
van, fit. 180 m. E. of Erzerum,
and 160 m. N.W. of Tauris. Eri-
van lake lies N. of the city.
Erkei.ene, E.lon. 6. lat. 51. a
city of Germany, in the cir. of
Weftphalia, and D. of Juiiers, fit.
on the river Roer, 10 m. N. of Ju-
iiers city,
Erpach, E. Ion. 8. 50. lat. 49,
42. a city of Germany, in the cir.
of Franconi.n, fit. 30 m. S. E. of
Francfort, capital of the co, of Er-
pach, fub. to its count.
ERQ.UIK0, E. Ion. 39. lat. 17.
a port town of the Red fca, fit, on
the coaft of Abex, in Africa, fub. to
Turky, 320 m. S.W. of Mecca.
Erzerum, E, Ion, 41. lat. 40,
capital of the pr. of Tunomania,
or Armenia, in Afiatic Turky, fit,
180 m. W. of Erivan, and 140 m,
S. of 'i'repifond a»id the Black- lea »
It ilands at the foot of a chain of
mountains, which are covered with
fnow ul'ually till Midi'ummer. The
town is about 2 in. in circumference,
furrounded by a duuble wall and
towers, very antique, 'i he Bcgler-
beg, or Viceroy, refides here, in an
ancient palace ; and the Aga of the
Janifaries, who is independent on
him, in a caftle, which Itands above
the town. It is computed that the
inhabitants of Erzeium confift of
18000 Mahometants, and 6coo Ar-
menians, The trade of the place
confifts chiefly in furrs and copper
iitenlils J copper being dug out of the
neighbouring mountains and manu-
fadlured here. This city is a great
thorough-fare from Perfia and India
to Conilantinople, by the way of
Trcpifond and the Black fea ; the
merchants chuf>ng this way to avoid
the Arabs, who lye on the road to
Aleppo. Errerum does not fiand on
the Euphrates, as ive find it in fome
maps, but in a peninfula, formed
by the fources of that river j one of
which ftreams lies a day*s journey,
and the other half a day's journey
from the city. Every week fome
caravan fets out from hence for To-
cat, Teflis, Tauris, Trepifond, or
Aleppo, but the Curdes or natives
of Curdiflan ( Affyria) rambling about
with their flocks and herds, as far
as the fources of the Euphrates, are
almoft as troublefome to the mer-
chants as the Arabs, frequently ex-
torting money from the caravans on
one pretence or other. Thefe Curdes
call themfelves Jafides, or followers
of Jefu?, but have a great deal of
fuperftition, and very little religion
amongft them, and acknovvledge nei-
ther the Turks or Perfians for their
fovereigns j but retire when they
are
E S
E S
are attacked to their cold inacceflibie
mountains. Neither of thel'e po^.rrs
think it worth their while to make
an entire conqueft of them,
EscHAUT river. Sec Scheld.
• Eschfli.es, E. Inn. 5. 15. lat.
45. 30. a town of Savoy, on the
frontiers of Dauphine, in France,
fit. 16 m. S,W. of Chamberry, and
20 m. N, of Grenoble. r.U
EscHWEGEN, E. Ion. 9. 50. lat.
51. 17. a town of Germany, in the
iand. of HeflTe-Canel, f.t. 22 m. S.E.
of the city of HeffcCairel, and lub.
to the Landgrave.
EscuRiAL, a palace of the K.
of Spain, fir. 21 m. N.W. of r*l»-
drid, ens of the largeft and moft
magnificent palaces in the worW, be-
gun to be built by Fhilip II. fon of
the Emperor Charles V. anno 1557.
There is not any thing wanting in
it to render it a complete and b»- uti-
ful town, for here i^ a fine church,
a college, monaftery, dw«lling.hou-
fes, fhops, artifkers, cloyfters, ptt^
dens, and an cxten£vc park, w.th
groves, fountains, cafcades, grottos,
^oe profpe^ts, and every thing that
can render a place agreeable in k>
hot a climate, though it is fituated
in an exceeding barren foil. There
are in the palace iicoo windows,
14000 doors, 1800 pillars, 17 cloy-
fters, or piazzas, and 2a courts.
The Pantheon, fo called from its
being built after the model of the
Pantheon at Rome, is the Maufo-
Jeum of the Kings of Spain, of the
Auftrian family.
"• EsENs, E. Ion. 6. 50. lat. 54.
9 town of W;.'ftphalia, in the co. of
Emtden, fit. on the Tea co^.i! 25 m.
N. of Embden city.
Esr, a river which forms part of
the boundary between England and
Scotland, and running f-orn the N.E.
to the S.W. falls int-:- Solway Frith,
giving name to a co. of Scotland,
called Efkdale.
E s K ■ M A u X, fometimes called
New-Britain, and Terra de Labrador,
in N. America, is fir. between 59
ai)d 80 degrees of W. Ion, and be-
tween ^o and 64 de{>rccs of N. Ir.r,
bfjunJ.ed by Hudfon's ftriiits, whiih
feparate"? it from (>iccn!and on 'he
N. by thf Atlantic Ocean on the t.
by the river and bay of Sc.Lnwtcncc,
winch fcparatcs it trom Newfound-
land, Acadia, or N?vv Scotland, oa
the S.E. aiui by Hudion's bay en
tlie W. mc.it of it yielded to Great-
Biicain by the treaty of Ulrccht j
but no colonies yet fent th'thtr, nn-.
lefs fomc little fetticments at the
bottom of Hud Ton's bay j and heie
the French and their Indians of Ca-
nada, conftantly hunt for furrf,
though they have no colonics here.
The natives are not very numeiour,
they are chitfly employed in liunting
and filing.
EsMNOEN, E. Ion. 9. 6. lat. 4$.
38. n torvn of Germany, in the rir.
Of Suabia, and D. of Wirtemburg,
fit. 7 m. '». E. of Stutgard j an im-
perial city or fovereign ftate, under
the nroteition of the D. of Wirten.
burg.
L S P A R ; E L CAPE, the mr ft
N»W. pror itory uf Ahica, ()C. at
the entnii.a of the ftrait ci Gibral-
f'.
LiPElRBS, E. i;>n. 3. 15. lat.
1,3, 44. a town of the Aurtrian Ne-
therl. nds, in the pr. of ihi'iers,
fit. on the river Scheld, 8 m. N. of
Tournay, and 11 ra. S.W. of Ou-
denard.
EfiPERiE, E. Ion. 20. 50. lat.
48. 50. a city of Hungary, 4.0 m,
N. of Tockay, and 15 N. of Caf-
chaw, near which are fait mines.
EspiNAL, E. Ion. 6. 15, lat. 48,
15. a town of Germany, in the D.
ot Lorrair, fit. 35 ni, S.E. of Nancy,
on the river Mofclle.
EssECK, E. Ion. 20. S. lat. 46,
a town cf Hungary, near the con-
fluence of the rivers Drave and Da-
nube, having a bridge 5 m. long over
the marHies. This is a difficult
pais, for the poflf"eiTicn whereof has
been leveral battles fouglit between
the Chriftians and Turks, but now
it is fub. to the houfe of Auftria,
with the whole K. of Hungary.
M z Efleck
• '1
J I
■ [I
E S
E T
FiTeck lies loo m* S.E. of Bud),
and 80 m. N.W. of Belgrade.
Essen, E. Ion, 6, 30. lat. 5T.
22. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Weftphalia and co. of Mark, fit.
10 m. N. E. of Dufl'eldorp.
Essex, an Engli/h co. bounded
by Suffolk and C.imbridgcfhire on
the N. by the German fea on the
T.. Iiy the river Thames, v^hich di-
vides it from Kent, on theS. and
bv Middlcfex and Hertford/hire on
the W.
E'TAMPES, E. Ion. 2. 15. lat,
4S. 25. a town of France, in the
1 1 . of the ifle of France, fit. 25 m.
S. of Paris.
EsTApr.Es, E. Ion. i. 38. lat.
«.o. 33. a port t«wn of France, in
the pr, of I'icardy, fit, near the
mouth of the river Canche, 12 m.
S. of Boulogne.
EfTE, E. Ion. 12. 6. lat. 45. 25,
n town of Italy, in the Paduan, fit.
ij; m. S.W. of Padua, fub. to Vc-
riie.
EnTFT. T. A, W. Ion. 2. lat. 43,
5. a town of Spain, in the pr. of
Navarie, 20 m. S. W, of Pampe-
luni.
EsTF.PA, W. Ion. 5. 7. lat. 37.
T5. a town of Spain, in the pr. of
Gr3i\i(!3, 45 m. N. of Malaga, and
47 F. of Seville.
Estonia, a pr. on the N. of
Livonia J the chief town Narva, fub,
to Ruliii.
i"' T R E M ADURA, 3 pr. of Pof-
tug J, Lour.dfd by Bcira on the N,
by Sp.mifh Edremadnra on the E. by
>\lcnt'/H) en tlie S and by the At-
lantic Oican Oil the W. Lifbon the
c.ipiiol of tne pr. and of the K.
EsTREMADURA, a pf. of Spain,
bouMf^ed by Leon on th" N, the two
Cafiil^s on the E. Andalufia on the
S. and the pr. of Alentejo, in Por-
U\fi. 1, on the W.
Es rREMO', W. Ion. 8. lat, 38.
40. a town of PotiUgal, in the pr.
•)f Alentejo, fit. 23 m. W. of Elvas,
and 85 m. S. E. of Lifl>on.
EbWEREN, or ElCHWKCE, E.
Icn. 10. lat, 51, 18. • towB of
Germany, in the ter. of Hefle-Caf-
fcl, fir. 25 m. S. £. of the city of
CafTel.
Ethiopia scperior, a couo*
try in Africa, comprehending Abyf-
finia. Nubia and Abex, as it did in
its moft flouriffiing ftate ; is bounded
by Egypt and the Defart of Barca on
the N. by the Red Sea and the In-
dian Ocean on the E. by Anian and
the unknown parts of Africa on the
S. and by other defart and unknown
countries on the W. Abyflinia Pro-
per has now little communication
with the reft of the world, the
Turks haring poflefled themfclves
of Abex, which runs along the weft-
ern coaft of the Red Sea. The ri-
ver Nile rifes from a lake almoft in
the middle of Abyflinia, and being
fwelled by the rains, which annually
fall at a certain feafon between the
tropics, overflows Egypt, and all the
lower grounds which border on the
river, which is the cafe of all riTera
that rife within the tropics, though
the ancients were at fo great a loft
for the occafion of this periodical
flood i and what increafes the flood
flill more, are the torrenti that fall
from the numerous hills with whiih
this country is encumbered ; though
they have this advantage from their
bills, that they can remove thither
in the hot feafon, and enjoy a cooler
air than they do in Egypt, which
lies feveral degrees N. of Abyflinia.
Their valleys alfo aie rendered fiuit-
ful, by the annual rains and the nu-
merous rivukts, producing plenty of
corH, rice, wine, flax, fugar and
fruits, proper for the climate, and
gold is (aid to be very plentiful here ;
but the Turks have fliut up all the
avenues to the country, that no
other people can traflic with them
for it at this day. Their cattle
are camels, horfes, oxen, flieep and
aflles, with which they abound. As
to the perfons of the Ethiopians, or
Abyflinians, they are petfe£tly black,
but their features more agreeable
than their ft)uthern Neighbours, hav-
ing neither flat nofes, or thick lips,
like
E T
E V
nu-
\ty of
and
and
lere;
11 the
It no
It hem
battle
and
At
II, ©r
|lark,
rable
Ihav-
lips
like
fikc otter Ca^es. The fovereign
of this country was ence abfolute,
but at prefeat, ;he greii; max Tct up
for princes ip, their r^fpeftive go-
vcrnirrents, and, ^lic K, cai> tranfadl
noihing witjiout, rhenj of aojt con-
/(•(jiienw, ft was the King of this
<ouniti:y, that the European? uf«d
to aHe. Ptefter Joiin, The l*oitu-
gu e? e, 'tis, fa id, w hen they fir ft di f-
CQ'Vere^, thiacpiHitry^ iceiug » crofs
afvyai'S^carriiid bQK}re:liini; fliiod him
pficff,. or Prefbyter Maximua. He
took ii^on him the.fupreme eocl€-
fii^ftical^ as well as ^ivi^ power ;
others.fny the Turks g^ve him. vhe
name of PAeiTcr, Cham, or Cana,
i. e, I^ing ofilaves,,becaafe tlpe.y pur-
chased moftof thci|i^ Ne&rqe flaves in
thj^^couqjtf.y.^ 'Clje^ovgriuncpt^ap-
■j^ais now to,-^?. %, ropMblic, pr: ra-
ther a njixj^., m.vij^ipc^.ytjn w^?h
^^ijC Prli^'c ''*'S h'9^y.^ .'is «ffr?,fl^?ly ii-
,l^cci by thcigtcai mciv. i,|i,s to the
cpi-qiiion. pepfJe, U ipnat w?ry-,nna-
tfiial whvther ,)^'he p9WQr.bc;io(i,g^
)JD thjc'K.. orl.ofds,Jpr.3t^ey,fre,»ll
•/laves ei/lve/ tp t^p f>a!Hfpn-({heoi\\ex.
Their yc^^oiv is ^frv|f|ur« ^^C^iri-
ftf««ity an^ juda,jhTv Wti Upoy.^m
to adhne ojoic to the CJrcek churth
,th.in tgthe }«uia, 'Jhcy keep both
t?ieChriltian ^ndih^ j^wkh C>bbach,
an.l Ujth baptiz4 >ind oiromicifc their
cliildren, and even their female chil-
dreq«. 'ihe Kipg by the perluafion
of the JffuitjmiilioniiiieP, onco lub-
.miitcd lu ihe-Jtuth<aity o! the P'pe ;
but tDt& uccaiiOHtiig; a ckiI war, he
Wat oli^gcd t9cxpi'l thi; l.atin,fdtljcr8,
ami )cttujv,theU<'ancivnt rites and ccr(«
miMiics m ccc^eiialiical iHitiirs. 1 Jus
i^ the,cv(,jimij(,>iom vvl-i«jive, 'tis iup.
poful, the (^ of SiAbi can.e to liL..r
,t)iq. Avifdvni of Soltifiioiii an^t Uoin
whence vhe'euimcK, the ixitine nt -
niUer of '^.^U^ndacr C4nie^ who w.is
cqnvt'ited (o CiiiiUtauityoitd bvf t'l^d
by St. Piiilijjj , ■ • , ' • »,.
£ ».N A MuUNT, or, M,.LJilK'llo»
£d LuM. i;. in. '\\>. e VuWitno, «ir
burning niountaut, in the liliiyl vf
Sitdy, ;nid pr. Qt V al l)«muiii, is
fit. 5c in. S. W, of McfliiM, and 20
m. W. of the city of Catania ; from
whence, the firft part of lite way is
full of towns and villages, vineyards
and plantations, which are rendered
fruitful by the aflies thrown out of
the Volcano j beyond this the rifing
.grounds are planted with vine^ and
♦ ruit-trees, intermixed with corn-
fields and paAures, and the upper
part is planted with fix-trees ^ an;l
here arc clefts and cracks in (he
earth, from whence there iilue:,
fmoke. The top of the mountain
is encompa(ii:d with a circle of fnow,
from whence, however, Imuke an^i
flames continually afcend. This Vol-
cano being genet ally about fix mJes
round, but the eruptions frequr-rriy
aiter the face of it. As this h il is
much larger than mcunt Vciuvius.
being 60 m. in circumtereni^e at the
bottom, the erupt ioiis have Lecn more
frequent, and much more dit-ad/ul.
In aj) eruption that h<ippened in the
year 1693, the city of Catania was
overturaied in ^ moment, und iSooo
.people peritbed in the ruins.
^Vy. y.. Ion. 1. 30. Uc. 50. 4. a
port to'.vii of France, in the pr. of
Normandy,, fir, on the Englifli chan-
nel, and conlinet of Picardy, 15 m.
N. E. of Dieppe.
EvERPiNf;, E. Ion. 13. 50. lar,
4S. 20. a town of Germany, in the
cii^le of 'A>j!iria, fit. on the Snuth
fide of the Danube, 12 miks W. of
Lints.
, EvfRsMoT, W, Ion. a. 4^. lar,
50. 47, a market town of Dotlct-
/hire, lit. 7 m. N. W. of DorcheHer.
Evf.BHAM, W. Ion. 2. hit. fi,
10. a borough town of Worceftir-
Aiip, fit. 13 m. S. £. of WorccHcr j
lcn>i.4 twt) men.bers to pariianitnt.
UucuBJo, E. Ion. 13. 40. l.it.
43. 2C. a town of Italy, in the
P> fo's tcr. and I), rf Uhino, (it.
3<; m. b. of Uibinu. The fee of 4
EvtAN, £. Ion. 6. 32. Int. 46.
26. a town of i.yoy, lit. on the i>,
ti'Je oi the-Lake (/I Geneva, 25 m«
N. E. of the city of Geneva.
EvoHA, or Eboia, W. Ion*
M 3 8.
%
Is
}
E U
E X
8.20. lat. 3?. 32. a city of Portu- times the water is half an hour r)£ng
gal, capital of the pr. of Alentejo, and three quarters of an hour falfing,
iit. 70 m. S. £, of Lifbon, and 47 but when the tides are regular, they
"W. of Badajox, in Spain. It con-
tains al>out 5000 inhabitants, and is
an archb. and univ. and ftands in one
of the pleafantefl and moft fruitful
countries in Fortusal.
obferve the fame hile according to
the moon as the tides in the ocean.
Eustace, or EuStatja, W.
Ion. 63, lat.'i7. 32, one of the leaft
of- the Caribbee iflands, in the At-
EupHEMiA, E. loo. 16. 32. Ut. jantic Ocean, in America, fit. 3 or
39. a port town of Naples, iatKefr. 4 m; W. of St. Chriflophers, fub.
of the Further (Calabria, fit. on a bay
of the Tea, to which jt givelits name,
50 rn. N.'E. of Rleggio. ' '
Euphrates, the fineft river of
Turky, in ACa, has two fpurces to
the northward of the city of Erxfe-
rum, in Tur«^roahia, in 4^" degi'tjes
to the Dutch.
£uxiN9, or Black sba, fit*
hetyHtit) 2S and 45 degrees of I.. Ion.
and between 42 and 46 degrees of
T5. lat.' being 700 m. in length frona
E. to W.^nd'from 260 to 150 m*
if^'bitildth j^m N. to S. the cur^
odd min. N. lat.>khich(lKcamSiinfte *i*ie^nif^"jpefpetuany running into it
three days journey below that' city, - frdhi^ "rhe^Miediterraneah, through
where it will cairry fmairveflels, 6ut the ftraits ^of the Hellefpoht and
the rocky chahneT'rendrt'fe tl'lt ijii'i- ' IfbrpfidtiiV, Or'Artit •of Conftantino-
gation dilhcuk. It runs at fiV^tJrim ^'.pfe, and.)i6 yjfiblc pafTafe out of it,
E. to W. through the pfo^i^^e of'liiw'yet ''tare iio{ the waters higher
•- - •A.„„:. 1 •'-nllf'Orii^tfe' thtin-"aWiher,- or any
IS 'tides that' are di^terhibie. rt divides
hia Euiope from Afia, as far as it rx-
Turcomania, or Armenia, buf tl
meeting with, mbunt Tiurti*'^ td
to the fouthwajd, dividing Afifct
^ fcR throvj^h t^e pr, of Eyraca >«■*- anid ^eban' (k part 6f CirfaJlian
, Jbic, or Chaldea, andh;^vi6g uhned* ;'Ta(;rt^yy) oh the Ni another part •ojr"
its waters with ihe T^gfis,' Jurts on ' Xlttiifia ' and'*^Iingrtlia rtri thr'E.
S. E. to the city of Baltdra, 50111. Natolia^ or the XeWVr Afta, ort the
' below which it falls, into tht ^vr!ph' ,S. ifid'the'wf; 6f Romania, Bulga-
«)» Pctfi.!, The country now cafled ria and flvuarabia oh the W. but
Uiarbeck, is almoft cncomjjaflifed'by within rhefe limits is crtmprcbendcd
thf'rivers Ei'phrates and TigriH s>nd the Falus Meotii which extonda
tlic ancient Mefopowft^' or* ifrom the flraits of KafFa, in Crim
Tartary, to the city of Afoph, at
the mouth of the river Don, or Ta-
naii. ii is faid to be'a ftormy ten.-
peAuoUs fea, Irom whence i obtained
the name of Black, i>r Terrible.
ExETtR, W. Ion. 3. 40. 4at.
50. 44. the cjpit.il city of Dt»on.
fl»ire, fit. on the river Ex, 150 in.
W. of Lohdon, und 10 m. N. of
the Enghfli channel. Topiham akcut
cm, S. of it is the port town to
jfcxctcr, (hSpt (oming no liigl>€/ up
the river. The city makes no grrat
was
I'litlao Aram.
EohEux, E. loo. I. 12. !ar. 49.
5. a city of France, in the ft. of
Woimandy, capita) of the tcr. of
Eurcux, fit. 25 m. S. bf Rouen.
'i he fee of a bi(h.
Eur I PUS, the ftrait between the
iflrid of Negropont and the conti-
ncrit cf Greece, in European Tur-
Icy ^ remaikabic for the tidcb in this
chano'"!, whith arc fometimcs re-
yui.ir aixi at otheis irregular, ac«
ti'rd:np to the different times of the
mocH i when they are irregular they figure in the eyes of thofe that ha\e
flow 13 or 14 times, and ebb at of- A-en London j however it 11 a place
tcn^ in 2^ or 25 huurs« At th«f« vt ^ooU ttade, when the woolirn
man a-
E Y
F A
\
fnanu/a£lory flouriOies, and generally
filled the London of the W. there
being no city between that and the
Land's end, which lies about loo m.
W. of this city., It is the. fee of a
biih. who hat a very moderate re-
vMue; fends two members to par-
liament, and gives the title of Earl
to the noble family of Cecil.
ExiLLKSj ^. Ion. 7. lat. 45. 5.
a (irong fortrel's on the frontiers of
Dauphine and Biedmont^ in Italy,
Sit on the N* fide of the river Po-
ria, 10 m. W. of Sufa, 32 xn. N.B.
of Mount Dauphine, andk 2$ N.W.
of Turin-; take|i from France by the
D. of Savoy, anno. 1708, and con-
firmed to bimby the treaty of Utrecht,
anno 1713 i i)ow fHbf.tohii f^.t|ie
K. of Sardinia. -, -i^ ,.;,..« .,^,
Eye, or Aye,, a^^orougb towrn
cf Suftoliby fit. onjLbo, conBnes of
Nuifolk, 2Q m. N. £. of Bury, 80
ro. N.£. oH London f fe^iwC) ^em-
bers to parliai^eot^ £•. Inn*. i« »o.
J«t« 52. 25. . ,
vei Eyemouth. SecAvMOiBTH.
^TN0K0VEN» .^. Jon 5* ^O*
lat. 51. 3». a town ojf the Nctber-
J^nd«, in the pc. pf ^aibant, '^t., on
the rive> JDummd* 15 m* S^ of
Boifleduc, and 30 fi. 3^ E^ of Breda,
fub. to the Dutch.
.' EviACy or Uaca Arabic, a,
pr. of Atiatic Turky, At. on the
fiver Euphrates, being tbc^ <|Qcifiat
Chaldqa or Babylonia. < ') . r* t
,>, EvRAOi or Irac Ac em, the
ancknt Parthia, now the principal
pr. 1(1 FerGa, is fir. almoft in the
center of that K. being bounded by
GiUa and Adirbeitcan on the N.
by the pr. of Chorafan on the £.. by
Chufiftan and Farfiftan on the S.
and by CurdiOan (the ancient Af*
fyria) vu the W. The capital rity
lipahan, the met. of the King-
£Y»EHACit, E. Ion. fc. xs. m.
, 51. a city of Germany, in the cir.
of Upper Saxony, and ter. of Thu-
rinfia, At. un the river Werts, an
\kt ccnAnei of HcfTe, 35 ao. W. of
Erfurt^ fubje^ to the D. of Saxe
Eyfauch.
EzijA. SeeEcYA, .\.. •
.I'.'-yt
',7.1 ^■
•>>
x-\
o.c
F A
•,{( '
TT^AENZA, E. Ion. n. 38. lat.
tP 44. 30. a city of Italy in the
rope's ter. and pr. of Romania, fit*
30 m. E. of Bolunia. The ice of a
bifliop.
Fairfield, W. Ion. 72. lat.
41. a town of New-England, in the
ter. of Connecticut, fit. near the
fea coafV, 100 m. S.W. of Builon.
Fairford, W, Ion. 1.46. lat.
51. 42. a market town of Glou-
cefterihire, (9 mt S. £. of Glou-
certw» .
FAISANSjOr PHESANTS,W.lon.
I. 30. lat. 43, 25. an ifland made
by^rhe river BidoHba, which feparates
Fr^pce from Spain, fit. a little to the
S. of the city of Fontarabia, in the
pr. of Bifcay. This has been the fcene
of (ereral treaties between France and
3pain, particularly anno 1659; and
)iere» in the feveral matches made
between France and Spain, the royal
bride, the Infanta, is ufually deliver^
cd to commi^ioners afligned by the
French court to receive her, it being
a kind of neutral ifland, of which
neither prince can claim the fok do-
minion.
Fakenham, E. Ion. i. bt. 52.
50. a market town of No oik, 16
m. N.W. of Norwich.
Falaii, W. Ion. 15 min. lat,
48, 55. a town of France, in the pr.
of Lower Normandy, 16 m. S. of
Caen j the town of Arlutte, the mo-
ther of William the Conqueror.
Falczjn, E. lun. 27. lat. 45. a
town of Turky, on the river Frutb,
in the pr. of Walachia, where a battle
was fought, and a peace made, be-
tween the RuiHans and Turks, anno
171J.
Falxenouro, E. Ion. 16. 5.
lat.
f I
■•^ ■
F A
F E
lat. 5^ 35« a town o£ Germany, in
the mar. of Brandenburg, fit. 45 m*
N. E. of Scctin, fub. to Ptuffiaj
Falkenburg, or Faucortfeerg,
£. Ion. 13. lat. 57. a pott town of
Sweden, in the ter. of Hailand> ahJ
pr. of Gothland, lit. 60 ra; S. of
Oottenburg, and 15 «N.W, -of Hdlmv
ilat. .).. 1 '. -.- ••- '''i
Falkirk, W. Ion. 3. 4&r'1at,'
56. a town^ef 'Scotland ia threo. of
Sterling) S>m.^S; ^i Sterlidigj wh$r#
the pretoid^c' » terocs dofeaced> 'thfe
King's, Jan. 17, 1746. ' ^ • >
"F A L K L AN n, W.vlon. '3."Uk'5^.
aoi a town of Scodahd in the (Hx di'
Fife, in whictr is a paiacc i»t' the
kings of 8aoUa«4/'lit» Tf^an'^li^ of
Edinburgh." ,,'i;ui;; j^'^ ^' ^^-^ '■
Falmouth, W. Ion. 5. 30,:4l*«
50. 15. a port tt^wnaf Ci>fflilvSM,-<ftt.
on a tineb^^y of thd £t)^hfh chat)ti8t;i
the ehltrancc whcraofls w^lt^^'ehtied ,
by forts, 10 m. S. ofn'rurtf. ' TMi'
Town has, vefjj lately, itaMMyla-
fcure place, bedbnw bne df tl* fii6(F'
fimirilhing fett- por»^ in the Wi of
Eiiflarrd } afid ft*h* hence tK6' hobte^
family of Bofeawttli tedk' the^titie ttf
vilcnunt. "'•• f • frniaJ hua nsvfiO
F'ALSTER, E. Ion. ri. laL' 'j;"^;
a little ifland of Denmark, fi*. neaV^
the entrance of the Baltic fta, 3. of -
Zealand, from which it is iVparatW
by a narrow Orait,
Fama<. usTA, E. Ion. 36. lat. 35.
a city of Afiatk Turkyi ht. at the
E. end of the ifland of Cyprus, almoft
oppofite to Tripoli in Syria, an'^ 30
m. W, of tliat town j anciently a
rtrong lea -port town of great trade,
but the harbour is now choakcd up,
and will not admit of fhips of burden.
It i-?, lit prefcnt, fub. to the Turks,
wlio took it in the year 1570, flead
the Venetian governor ahve, and
numlered^ the inhabitants in cold
blood, though Ihey furrendcred iipcn
iiOnoufrable ttM-ms.
Famine For t i W. Ion. 80. lat,
541 a foTtrcf* fit. on the N. E. cojft
of the Straits of Magclhn, sphere
ill* SpanKh gtrrifon perifted' by fa-
mMM J lines which no European aa-
tion his attemptec! to fettle a colony
io fit foiith.
Fana>» •>, E. Ion. x». ao* lat. 4^^.
15. a town of Italy, in the ter. of
Mcdcna, fit. 25 m. S. oF Modena.
• Faho-, E. Ionv04. lit. 44. a port
towh of li«\y,'in the Ptope's reri
ai»d p». oP Urbindj ftt, on the gniph
of Veflle^/ 1»Tm E-. of thecity of
U*billbr^^- Thief fee'of a bh!^, f '• ;- ' ^
' FA«'Ar-Afv See Ft^vi^V; "
'if Ant. of Mtflihfc," the ftratt be-
tween' Italy* ind'SrtiilJ; lb CAlftd, W-
irtgiabcMt 7>ini'bVoad'.
"fnik^kAM, iW. Ion;, i."if:'',Ut*
5^n^3'^ tt'^'MaAtt town of ffarhp-
fliire^'^'fitr ii M.-fi: cif Souttiampioni
FA>kw£Lt Ca'A, .W.Monv 50.
lat.^6d;'t)le rfib.'. Toiithferlt. gfomon-
tot^ dP'^Sftenliod,' at^the' ftrttiance
oTo^vii's'rifait^;; -■'' •■ "-■ '
FA-rt'itl'fe tbrf ,"\V. fcr^4'/'J5.* lat.
5f.-38f.'''a-mijrJtftf0Virn »f ^ttkihite,
fft?:'24"fni'^.W;-bf'kdrfi]iVife. '
FA^WU A m , "^v igfi . 50 tH\Vkt,
5i.'i6,:a market, tow ft (if St/ri^v.
IR-.- ilfrnjVWStff <?}^jnW)i^| OTift of
th*'ti*eaWft'm3/k«s itt^hgTaili! for
wl>eat^''''^;-_-';:<"-^' ;■••;-: ; ■.;•
Fa r p, a ca^e,' 01^ {^bmoiffbry, oh
the N. E. , ooinc '6t Stgl y, fir", a/ tV
entrance of the; ^i^a'i't 1?et\^'6en Italy'
and Sicily. '^' ' »'*
F>»RO, W. Ion.' 9. lat. 36. ,56.
a fca port town of Portilga!/ tri the
pr, of Algarva, (i^. Jis m. E, q£
Lagos. _ . .^ ^,
Fars, or FARSTstAV, the an-
cient Perfis, a pr. of 1*e?ria, bcuhJed,
by the pr. of l.vrac Agem oh thj K,
by thfc pr. of Ktrm.^lli on the E'. by
the gulph of r*er(ia, or Boflra, im
the S. and by the pf. cT Chufiftan
on the VV. The chief town Schiirff,
Fauquemont. See Valken-
BURO.
Fayal, "V^, Ion. 3!. lat. 38. 15.
one of the Azores, or weftern ifles,
fit. on the Allan; ic ocean, about
1200 m. W. of t)ni ccntinenc cf
Europe, an^ about the ranae.didiijit^
E. of the contin lit of Ainctitajjut.
to Portugal.
F», ^SlO V/, Ion, 109. N.
lit.
F E
F E
It
fop
the
an-
on
ftaa
ir..f.
tN-
ifles,
bout
iut.
N.
lat. 36. the capital of the pr. of New
Mexico, in N.America, At. on the
N. river, 500 m. N. of the confines
of the pr. of Old Mexico.
Fe, (St.) oe Bagota, W.
Ion. 73. N. lat. 4. the capital of
the K. of New Granada, in Terra
Firma, in S. America. It is fit. at
the foot of the mountain Bagota, in
a rery plentiful country, 200 m. S.
of Pampeluna. It is an archb. and
the feat of the governor of the pr.
and the fupreme courts of juftice.
Fe, (St.) W. Ion. j. 45. lat.
37. 20. a town of Spain, in the pr.
of Granada, fit. on the river Xemil,
JO m. W. of the city of Granada.
Fi, (St.) W. Ion. 77. lat. 7.
25. capital of the pr. of St. Fe,
in Terra Firoia, in S. America, fit.
•n the river of St. Martha, aoo m.
S. of Cartagena ; fub. to Spain.
Fblin, E. Ion. 2^.45. lat. 58.
30. a town of Livonw, fit. on the
river Felin, 100 m. N. E. of Riga.
Fexkikk, E. Ion. 9. 30. iat.
47. la. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Auftria, and co. of Tyrol,
lit. near the E. fliore of the Rhine,
35 m. S. E. of Conftance.
FtLTRi, E. Ion. 12. x6. lat.
461 a town of Italy, in the ter. of
Venice, and pr. of Feltrino, fit. on
the river Piava, 35 m. N. of Padua.
Feme a EN, E. Ion. 11. lat. C4.
CO. a little ifland on the Baltic /ea,
fir. near the coaft of Holftein, and
fub. to the D. of HoIAein.
Fenestrblles, £. lun. 7.20.
lat. 45. a town and fort in Italy, in
the pr. of Piedmont, 15 m. w. of
Turin ; one of the ftrongeft ffntier
places againft France the K. of Sar«
dinia hath. . ,
Ferabath, E. Ion. 50. Iat. 38.
a port town of Perfia in Afia, fir. in
the pr. of Gilan, on the S. coaft of
the Cafpian Tea, 140 m. N. £. of
Gilan city.
Ferpen, or Verden, E. Ion. 9.
lat. ^3, 24. a city of Germany, in
the. cir. of Lower Saxony, capital of
the ter, of Fcrden, fit. on the river
AUcr, 26 m. S. £t of Bremen, fub.
to Hanover, and purchafed by the
late Eleftor, George I. K, of England,
of the Danes, who took it fiom the
Swedes in the late war ; it was cf!n-
firmed to Hanover by the Swedes, by
a fubfequent treaty.
Fire, E. Ion, 3. 27. lat. 49.
40. a town of France in the pr. of
Picardy, fit. 42 miles S. £. of A-
miens.
Fere Chamtanois, E. Ion.
4, 5. lat. 48. 40. a town of France,
in tht pr. of Champain, fit. 30 m.
N. of Troyes.
Ferbtino, E. Ion. 14. 5. lat*
41. 45. a city of Italy, in the Cam-
pania of Rome, and ter. of the Pope,
fit. 50 m. E. of Rome, and 22 m.
5. £. of Paleftrioa. The fee of •
bilhop. i nt; ,vt ,>*'»» I t •-
Ferbtte, E. Ion. 7. 30, lat.
47. 35. a town of Germany, in the
pr. of Alface, fit. 55 m. S. of Straf.
burg ; fub. to France.
Fermanagh, a co. of Ireland,
in the pr. of Ulfter, bounded by the
counties of Dunegall and Tyronne,
on the N. by another part of I'y-
ronne and Monaghan, on the E. by
Cavan and Letrim on the S. and by
another part of Letrim and the
ocean, on the W. The chief town
Innifkilling.
Fermo, £. Ion. 15. lat. 43. a
port town of Italy, fit. on the gulph
of Venice, in the Pope's ter. and
mar. of Ancona, 30 m. S. of An-
con J ; the fee of an archb.
Fernanpo, or John Fernando,
W. Ion. 83. S. lat. 33. a little un-
inhabited iiiand in the Pacific ocean,
fit, 300 m. W. of St. Jago, in the
pr. of Chili, in S. America, vifited
by all European {hipping that go in-
to the South fea, on account of ibs
harbour, and the fruits, herbs, and
other fre/h provifions they meet with
there; and here it was that admit al
Anfon put in, anno 1741, to repair
his fhattcr'd /hips, and recover his
fick men. On this ifiand, alfo, was
found Alexander Selkirk, a Scotfman,
where he had lived four years and
four roonths alone, having been
left
F E
F E
left behind by the flii'p he bclonf^ed
to J and from hence Dan. Defoe took
the fiifl hint for working up his
novel of Robinfon Crufoe.
Ferrara, E. Ion. 12, 5. lat.
44. <;o. a city of Italy, capital of
the D. of Ferrara, in the Pope's tor.
fit. on the river Po de Valcna, 28
m. N. E. of Bolonia j an archb. and
univ.
Fkrre la, E. Ion. 3. 26. lat.
49. 45. a city of France, in the pr.
of Hicardy, fit. on the river Oyfe,
40 m. S, E. of Amiens.
Ferro, W. Ion. 79. lat, 28.
the raoft vvefterly of the Canary
iflands, near the African coaft, where
the firft meridian was lately fixed in
noft maps, but now every K. almoft
makes its own capital the firft me-
ridian, as the Englilh do London,
v'hich is 19 degrees E. of Ferro.
The Canaries are fub. to Spain,
Ferp.o, W, Ion. 7. lat. 63. fome
JKttle iHands fit. in the Northern
ocean, 200 m, N. W. of Orcades,
and as many S. £. of Iceland.
Fbrrcl, W. Ion. 8, 40. ht.
43.. 30. a fea port town of Spain, in
the pr. of Galicia, fit. on a bay of
the Atlantic ocean, 20 m. N. E. of
the Groyne, and 50 m. N. of Com-
p«ftella ; a good harbour, where the
SpanifH Iquadron frequently fecured
themfelves in the late war, and whi-
ther their privateers carried in a great
many Engli/h prize?.
Fe '<Ti-3irR-AuBE, E, Ion. 4.
,44. be, 4.S. a town of France, in the
pr. of Champaign, fit, 30 m. S. E.
or Troyes.
Fe'^champ, E. Ion. 25 min. lat.
49. 46, a port town of France, in
the pr. of Normandy, fit. nn the E.
choneel, 30 m. N. W. of Rouen.
Fetipour, E. Ion. 78. 40. hit,
27. a city of Hither India, in the
pr. of Apra, fit. 25 m. W. of the
city of Agra ; iub. to the Mogul.
f EVER SHAM, E. lon, ty6 min.
lat. 51. 20, a port town in Kent,
fir. oppofite to the ifle of Shippey,
7 m. W. of Canterbury ; a member
of the Cinque ports*
Fkurs, E. lon, 4. 15. laf. 4 J.
44. a tovv/i of France, in the pr, of
Lyonois, and capital of the ter. of
Forez, lir. on the river Loyre, 27
m. W. of Lyons,
Fexem, E. lon. 5. AO. lat. 50.
50. a village of the B. of Liege, in
the cir. of Weftplulia in Germany,
5 m. N. of Lei^e, and 4 m, W. of
Vifet J where the late battle was
fought between the Allies command-
ed by Prince Chtirles of J>orrain, and
the French commanded by the Mar-
fhal Count Saxe, Oft. 1746.
Fez, W. long. 6. lat. 33. 30.
the capital of the empire of Fez and
Morocco in Africa, fit. on the river
Ceba, 200 m. S. of Gibraltar, and
240 N, E, of the city of Moiocco,
A large populous city, the ufu.!! re-
lidence of the Emperor j a great part
of the Inhabitants Negroes, who
have been brought from Ncgroland
to recruit their Negro army, or the
defcertdants of fuch Negroes ; the
reft are of an oJive complexion'. The
empiie of Fez and Morocco is fit. at
the N, W. comer of Africa, between
2 and ro degrees of W. lon. and be-
tween 30 and 36 de^. N. lat. bo«jnd-
edby the flraits of Gibraltar and the
Mediterranean fea, on the N. by the
river Fulvia, which feparates it from
Algiers on the E.byBildulgtred on the
S. and by theAtiantic ocean on theW.
being about 400 m. lon. and as many
in breadth. It is a fertile country,
producing good oil, corn, and pal-
turi.*, and is proper for vines, as the
Jews experience, where they ate
cultivated j but wine being prohi-
bited the Mahometans, there aic
few vineyards. The garrifons of
Gibraltar and Port-mahon hirniih
thf-mfclves with all manner of pro-
vifions from this country, and the
foil is very proper for flax. They
have alfo a fine breed of horics, much
f (leonied by all the nation"; in Europe.
The Emperor is :n abfolutc prince,
and the crown faid to be hereditary j
but if there be more fons tiian one
thty ufually fi^ht for the crown,
*tlil there be but one pretender left,
which
by tlu
F I
F L
many
pal-
the
ate
ohi-
aie
i of
iirniflt
pro-
the
They
much
uropc.
rince»
lUry }
n one
rovwn,
left,
which
which occafions perpetual civil war?,
the lall having continu'd near 30 years.
They arc almort always ac war with
the Spaniards and Portuguefe j the
{nil having C::uta, and fume other
towns on the cuait of Baibury^ m
their polJeiuon j and the Portuguefe
being mailers or Arziliai, and lome
other tovviis fu. on the ocean, which
are perp;::iul bj.-ics of contention
between thole Chrillian powers, and
the fubjedts of Fez. 'Ihe cavalry
of Fez and Morocco are very good,
but tiicir foot are not to be depend-
ed on, or they would, long fince,
have recovered the towns the Spani-
ards and Furtu^ueze have taken from
tliem j however their horfe prevent
tiie Chrifttajis extending their con>
<jucfh beyond ti»e fea coafts. The
leligion of the country is .^ahomet-
anifm, and ot th^ fame feet as the
Turks ate, and they entertain the
like aveihon for the Ferfiamy the
difciples of Hali. '1 hey frequently
attack Chrilliin iliips in the ocean,
as the A'gerines do m the Mediterriu
nean j thefe rovers lie at bailee, uiu-
ally j their cruizers are very fmalj,
but full of men,
FiAscoNE, E. Ion. 13. Jat, 42.
i^. a city of Italy, m the pr. of
Orvietto, in the Pope's ter. fu. near
the lake Uolienna, iz m. S. of the
city of Orvietto. The ft-e of a biih,
Fjda, or Whidah, E. Ion. 3. N.
lat. 6. the capital of a tci. of the
fame name, on tliat part of Guinev,
in Africa, called the Slave Coait.
This country was lately conquer'd
by the K, of Uahome, a prince
whole ter, lay to the N. 01 Wnidah,
but the K. oi Whidah, 'tks faid, hjs
recovered his country again. Heie
tiic Eng,liih, and fcvetal otlier Euio-
p<:an nations, had faCloricf', and pur-
chafed n.ives, but furtcied pictly
mucii in the luie wars.
FiERtNz u oLo, E. i(>Ji. io. 40.
lat. 4i]. 50. a town of Italy, in the
D. of Paima, fit, 10 m. S, £. of
Placentia.
Fi£toi.i| or Fefoli; £• loa* iz*
16. lat. 43. 31. a town of Italy, in
the D. of Tufcany, fit. 2 m. N.E.
of Florence,
Fife, a co. of Scotland, bounded
by the frith of Tay and Strathern,
on the N. by the German lea on the
E. by the trith of forth, wi.;clv
fcparates it from Lothian, on the S.
and by Mentieth and Sterhn" on the
W.
FicF.AC, E. Ion. 1.35. lat. 44.
40. a towii ot Fra;icp, in the pr. of
Guienne, and ter. of C^erc\, 25 ni.
N. E. or Cahors.
FiGUERKs, E. Ion. z. 40. bt. az.
ZO. a town of Spain, in ti.e pr. of
Catalonia, 10 m. W. ot Roies.
Final, E. Ion, 0. lar. 44. 30.
a port town of Italy, in the ter. of
Genoa, fit. 37 m. S.W. of the city
of Genoa, and 30 m. N.E. ot One-
glia j fub. to Genoa.
FlMSTERRA CAPE, W. JoH. '
10, 15. lat. 43. the molt wef.crly
promontory of the pr. of (.ialitia,
m Spain, and of the continent of
Europe,
F I N r. A N D, a pr. of Sweden,
bounded by Swedifh Lapland on the
N. by RuHia on the E. by the guiph
of FmJaud on tiie S. and by Die
Ilothnick gulph on the V,-. ccmquer-
cu by Ruliia, anno 1742, bet yield-
ed t.o Sweden again by a fubfequent
trea.y, except thj ler. of hwcxliolme
and Carelia, which were confirmed
to Ri.dia.
FjVi, CHVRCHES, E. Ion. 19.
10. lat. 46. 20. a town of Lower
Hu,)gary, fir. 76 m. S. of Huda j
tii'j lee of a bilh. fuo. 10 the houlc
of Aullria.
FiuME, or St. Veit, E. Ion.
IS. lat. 4c;, 1^5. a port town of
litria, on the giili-h of Vtnitc, lit.
3S m. E. of Cabo de Iftria j fub. to
liie houfe of Aullr;a.
F L A M B O R o U O H - H E A n, E,
Ion. lO min. Jat. 54. 15. a cape,
or piomontory of York/hne. fit. on
the German fca, 5 m. £. of Bur-
li.-igion,
FtA^DSRs•, a pr. of the Neti.er-
landt>
M .1
F L
F L
Uncis, bdunded by the German Tea
and the United Provinces on the
N. by the pr. of Brabant on the £.
by Hainault and Artois on the S. and
by another part of Artois and the
German fea on the W. being about
60 m. long, and 50 broad, divided
between the Audrians, the French,
and the Dutch j of whom the
Audrians hve much the greateft
part ; the capital city Ghent. The
French arc polTefl'ed of the S.W.
part of Flanders, in which are LiHe
and Dunkirk. The Dutch poflefs
the N. £. part of Flanders, wherein
are the ftrung fottrefTes of Sluys,
Safvanghent, and Hulft. This pr.
is a perfect level, not a rifing giound
or hill in it, and watered with in-
numerable rivers and canals j ex-
ceeding fruitful, and commodioufly
fit. for trade, and has fome of the
Aneft cities in Europe, with above a
looo other towns and villages j and
being fu confiderable on thefe ac-
counts, the whole ten provinces of
the French and Auftrian Notiierlands
frequently go under the general name
of Flanders. The produce of this
country is chiefly fine lace, linen,
and tapeftry.
Fleche, under the meridian of
Londjn, lat. 47. 40. a town of
France, fit. on the little Loyre, in
the pr. of Orleanuis and ter. of An-
}ou, 20 m. N. E. of Angers.
Flensburgh, £. lun. 9. 45.
lat. 55. a port town of Slelwick, fic.
on a bay of the Baltic Tea, 16 m.
N. of the city of Slefwick j fub. to
Denmark.
Fi ERUS, £. Ion. 4. 30. lat, 50.
33. a village of the Auftrian Nether-
lands, in the pr, of Namur, fit. 1 ^
m. W. of Namur, and 6 N. E. of
Charleroy ; rendered memorable by
a battle fought here, between the
French and Dutch, anno 1690, when
the Dutch foot, being abanJuned by
their horfe, made a fine retrt-at, aad
could nut be broken by ths French.
Fleukv, E. Ion. 4, 50 lat. 47.
13* a town of France, m the pr. of
fiurgundy, (it. 30 m. N. of Uhakiu.
Fl I E, or Uly idand, an iHand on
the coaft of Holland, at the entrance
of the Zuider fea.
Flint-castle, W. Ion. 3.
12. lat. 53. 20. an old town an<i
caftle in FlintHiire in N. Wales,
which gives its name to that covnty,
fit. on the river Dee, 10 m. £. of
St. Afaph i fends one member to par-
liament.
Flix, E. Ion. 12 min. lat. 41.
15. a town and caftle in Spain, in
the pr. of Catalonia, At. on the river
£bro, 20 m. N. of Tortefa.
Florxncx, £. Ion. 12. 15. lat.
43. 30. the capital of Tufcany in
Italy, fit. on the river Arno, 58 m. S*
of Bologna, J40 N. of Rome, and
45 £. ot Leghorn and the Tafcan
fea. is one of the moft elegant
towns m Italy, and calledFlorenve the
fair, defended by a wail and other
modern worki, befides three citadds
of a rotiod ftfure, and 6 ra. iacircu<;n-
ference j encompaired on three fides
with little froictui hills» full of villa
and country ileatt ) and on the W.
lies that rich tmi enun&ve valky
thro* whkk the fiwar Aran nia« at
far as PUa, and thmtvkmfm. Sra.
tues and fooaiaiai art firan in almoft
all their Araeta j thcit private buil-
dings lof^, their (i^ttatea fpacious,
their churches little ia.^=srior to thofe
of Rome, thmr nobleawas palaces
equal to any in Italy. The ftatues,
paintings and curiofitiea in the Grand
Duke's palace, are the admiration
of travellers. The D. of Lorrain
and Tufcany is now foverei^n of this
capital ; which, with tb« V, of Tuf-
cany, was allotted him when he
ceJed the D. of Lorrair to France.
It is an archb. and uni^erfity.
Florences, £. loa. 4. 30. lat.
50. 20. a town of the French Ne-
therlands, iS m. S.W. oi Namur.
Floaentine, £. Ion. 3. 50.
lat. 47. 50. a town of France, in the
pr. of Champaign, fit. z8 m. S.W.
of Troyes.
Flokes, W. Ion. 32. lat. 39. an
IHand of the Azores, fit. in the At-
lanlic OceaUf almoft in the midway
between
«
F L
F O
lat.
Ne-
ir.
the
an
At-
^way
recA
between Europe and America, (o
named from the variety of beauti-
ful flowers it produces } fub. to Por-
tugal.
Florida, was a name given by
the Spaniards to all ttiat part of
the continent of N. America, which
lies N. of the gulph of Mexico,
bounded on tbe £. by the Atlantic
Ocean, which country now goes un-
der many different names, for- with-
i:\ tbet'e limits are contained moft of
the Englifh colonies in N. America,
and thufe countries which the French
have denominated LouiHTana and
New -France. All that retains the
name of Florida at prefent, is that
peninsula between the colony of Geor-
gia and Cape Florida, viz. between
15 and 30 degrees of N, lat. and be-
tween 81 and 85^degreet«f Wt Itfn.
the chief and almeft the enly place
tbe Spaniards arcpdfeliiNi of withm
thefe iinuts, beinf^ Che <^|iort town
of St. Auguftii), and i fcftt a little
diftance from ic ; the' toWn being a
v£vy fmall' one,' and' tfe fort not
able to reAft fatote a*|||#ce is is niViaiiy
empbyed >Mi»««|;ei^ though ^h has
baffled ia«n»«nein(»t«^t)MC hate been
made t* tikwk by clM*Bllglt(h,' tvith
a force fcarerie^>4' to the prrtfon,
and in wfant of mofV Rccet&ries rt-
<iaifite fbt a ^g««< '>*•* '•• ' '■
FiowR f»T.) E» IWt.^ft. 4©^ lat.
45. a xity of France,' in the pr. of
Lyonois, ikid ter. of Auvergne, fir,
45 m.^ o€ Clermont,
Flusmi'nc, or VlHTmgen, E. Ion.
3. 25. lat. 51, 30. a port town of
tiic United Provinces, in the pr. of
Zeland, At. on the S. coaft of the
illand of Walcheren, 5 m. S. of
Middleburf, and 14 N.E. of Sluys
in Flanders } a good fecure harbour,
and >a city of great foreign trade.
I'his was one of the cautionary towns
delivered to the Qj^of England by
the Dutch, as a pledge of their fide-
lity, and as a fecurity tor the money
ihc advanced in their defence againli
the Spaniards } and redored to them
by K, James, in th« i'ucceeding
reign, for a very fmall part of the
mrniey they were indebted to Eng-
land. The Prince of Orange has
the lordihip of this town.
Fog ARES, E. Ion. 24. 17. lat.
46. 50. a town of Tranfiivan'a, fit.
on the river Alauta, 30 m. N. E. of
fiermanftat.
FoGO, W. Ion. 25. lat. 15, one
of the cape Verd iflands, 300 m. W,
of Cape Verd, on the coaft of Afri-
ca, (o called from a Volcano, from
whence there frequently iflues flames
of fire, tub. to Portugal.
Fcix, E. Ion. t. 20. lat^43. '^*
a city of France, in upper Langue-
docj fit. on the river Laiireingne, at
the fBftt of the Pyrenees, 35 m. S,.
of Thouloufe.
FoKieK, E. Ion. 118. lat. 2^.
20. a'town of China, in Afia, cap.
of 'the pr. of Fokicn, 370 m. N. E,
of Canton.
FoKiKW, a pr. of China, in Afis,
lying on the Pacific Ocean, oppofite
to the Ifland of Formofa, having the
pr, of Chekian on the N. and the
pr. of Canton on the S. the chief
town Fochicn.
FoLiCNo. SeeFutiGNo,
FoLKSTONE, E. Ion. r. 20, "laf,
51, 6. a market town of Kent, nr.
on the Englifli channel, 6 m. W, of
Dover.
FoNDi, E. Ion. 14. 20. lat. 41.
35. a ciry of Naples, in the ter. of
Lavoro, in the confines of the Pope's
d( minions, 35 m. N. W. of Capua,
The fee of a bifli.
Fontaine, E. Ion, 4. 16. lat,
50. 30. a town of the Audrian Ne-
therlands, in the pr. of Hainalt, 5
mo W. of CharHrt-oy, aad 15 m. E.
of Mons.
FoNTAINSBLEAV, E. lon. 2.
45. Int. 48.25. a village of France,
in the ifle of France, where 'ths
French K. has an elrgaur palace,
fit. 30 m. S.E. of Paris.
Fo^NTARABfA, W. lon, I. 35.
Int. 43. 20. a port town of Spam
rn the pr. of Bilcay and ter. of Gui-
pufco?, fit. at th^ mouth of the
N fivei
F O
F R
riftr Bideflba, on the bay of Blfcay,
itiKl on the frontiers of Fiance, 20
m. W. of Baj-onne j taken by the
French in the late war, anno 1718,
but reAored to Spain again the year
following.
FoNTENAViE, W. lon. 50 min.
Jat. 46, 30. a town of Ftance, in the
pr. oi Orleanois, and ter. of Poidlou,
lit. 46 m. W. of Poidliers.
f oNTENov, E, lon. 3. 20. lat,
50. 35. a town of the Aulhian Ne-
therlands, in the pr. of Hainault,
on the confines of Flanders, fit. 3
m. S. E. of Tournay, and 18 m.
N. W. of Mons J rendered memo-
rable by the battle fought there,,
between the allies, and the French,
May I, 1745.
FoRCAi-qjuiSR, E. lon. 5, 36.
lat. 44. a town of France, in the
pr. of Provence, fit. 30 m^ N, of
Aix.
FoRCHAiN, E. lon. II. lat. 4^.!
38. a town of Germany in the cir..
of Fiancufiia, fit. on the riycr Reg-
nits, 16 m. S. of Bamberg, and
fub. to the blHiop of Bamberg.
F0RDING8RIOCI, W* lon. X.
50. lat. 50. 52. a market town of
Hamprtiirc, fit. »* ffl. S.W# 0/ W«A-
chefter, -j-i:. t v.,F>»n.t^ ,,-. ••
Forest towns, Tit. in Ger-
many, in the cir, of Suabia, and
ter. of Brifgow, lying along the
Rhine and the confines of Switzer-
land, from Bafil to Zurich \ their
Jiames Khioefiqld, Seckingen, Lau-
fenburg, and Waldftiut, fub. Co the
houfe of Auflria.
FoREz, a ter. <ii France, in the
pr. 01 Ltooois, between Beaujolis on
the N. and Langucdoc on the S.
Forfar, W. lon. 2. 32. lat. 56.
25. a town of Scotland, in the /hire
of Forfar or Angu«> fit, 14 m. W. of
Montrofe.
Fori I, E« lon. i», 45. lat. 44.
35. a town of Italy, in the pr. of
Humanist and ter. or the Pope, fit.
i'5>m. S.W. of Ravenna.
Formosa* 9H- idand. in the Pa-
cific Ocean^ fit. bctweoi 119 aad
122 degrees of E. Ion. and between
22 and 25 degrees of N. lat, 100 m.
£. of the pr. of Fokien and Cah-
ton in China, fub. to the Emperor
of China.
Forres, W. ion, 3. 20. lat.
57. 40. a pail, town of Scotland, in
the /hire of Murray, fit. 13 m. W.
of Elgin.
FORTAVENTUR A, W. lon. I4.
lat. 27. one of the Canary iflands,
fit. in the Atlantic Ocean, 120 m.
W, of the coall of Africa, fub. to
Spain.
Fort-Lewis, E. lon. 8. lat. 48.
46, a fortrefii of Germany, in the
land* of Alface, fit. on the W. fide
of the river Rhine, almod oppofite
to Baden, 18 m. N.E. of StraAiurg,
fub. to France.
FossANO,. E, lon. 7, 45. lat. 44.
50. a town of Italy, in the pr. of
Piedmont, fit. on the river Stura,
I9.m. S. E. of Turin, and 18 N.
£* of Coni, iub, to the K. of Sar-
( -Fossj ON Y-,a county in the D,
0/ Savoy ► , ,r, . ,
FossQMSi^oNE, £. Ion. 14. 5.
lat. 431^. 50* a town of Italy, in the
ter. of the Pope and pr. of Urbino,
fit. IP m^ S. £. of Urbino. The
fee of a bilh.
FovGiEREs, W. lon. I. 20. lat.
48. 20. a town of France, in the
pr. of Britany, 35 m. S. E. of St.
Malo.
FouLSHAM, E. lon. I. 10. lat,
52. 48. a market town of Norfolk,
fir. 10 m. N.W. of Norwich.
FowEY, W. lon. 5. lat. 50. 26.
a borough town of Cornwall, fit.
near theEngllAi channel, 26 m. S.W.
of Launccflon \ fends two members
to patliament.
FoY St. under the meridian of
London, iat. 44. 50. a town of
France, in the pr, of Guienne, and
CO. of. Agenois, fit. on the rivtr
Dordonne, 3a lU.-E. of Bourdeaux,
Frag A, under the meridian of
London, iat. 41. J6. a town of
Spain, in the pr, of Arra|on, fit.
00
F R
F R
on the river Cinca, 50 m. E. of Sa- but (0 reft!efs anH inr.patient of eafef.
rigoiTa.
Fhammnchavt, E, Ion. 1.30,
lat. 51. 25. a market town of Suf-
folk, fit. 26 m. E. of Bury,
FramptoNj W, Ion. 2. 42.
lat, 50. 4 '5. a market town of Dor-
fctftiire, 6ni, W. ot Porchettrr.
FraWce reieivccl its name from
the Franks, a C-trnian prtiplfe, wtio
inhabited ihe banks of the rivcis
JVl.iine und Sili:, and tnadc a con-
qiie/l of lhi'~. couatry, tian caJlcd
Gaiil, in the fiftti cenrury. Modem
France is fit. between 5 det:recs W.
and 7 ciegrees E. Ion. and between
4^ degrees and 51 degrees N. lat.
b': ng b.)iindcd by the Engh/h chan-
«!.-! and the Aufirian NethTJands on
that they ate conftar.tly engaged in
w.irs abroad, an.^ law-fuits at home j
extremely devoted to their Prince,
though he rules them >vith a tod of"
iron, and treats them as flaves j and
<o opinionated of themfelves, that
they look upon all other nations as
Harbarians. They vakie themfelves
much for their good breeding, their
tomplailance, and unlimited pTo-
feHion* ot friendship to all they con-
vrrfe with, though they mean no-
thing by it, and may be looked \ipr>n
as a parcel of genteel hypocrites,
Tfiey have praftiled their cringe*
and impertinent ceremonies fo lo;ig,
that now no body regards them.
Their mannfaftures of linen, wool-
thf. N. by Germany, S.n .rzej-fand, len, filk and lace, are vaftly great.
Savoy and I'.edmont, m Italy, on and their foreign trade to Spam,
rhr- E. by the Mediterranean fca it.Wy, Turky, and to (he Eaft and
and the Pyrenean mountains, which Weft Indies, prodigioufly imreated
feparate it from Spam, on the S. of iate ; but no trade it more advan-
and by the lay of Bifcay on theW. tageoos to them than that of Bn-
being almofl a fquaie of 540 m. on tain, from whence they receive ehief-
each fide, except that Br.tany makes ]y weafoit for the produft cf their
It fomething irregular, by extending fotintry, viz. their wines, filks.
farther to the wclUvard ttian any
other pr. It was an exceeding po-
pulous country, till the nunribcrs
were lefrencd by perfecution, wars
and famine. Their number'? which
linen and Jacr.
The K. was fornneriy divided into
14 provinces, which had each of
them their j«:riiiments, whofe con-
fent was nccefTary to the making
were formerly computed to amount Jaws and raifing money j but the
to^ nineteen millions, fcarce exceed Cardinals Richlieu and Mazarin
fitteen millions at prefent. 'i'he air rnade their mafters abfolute fove-
is the moft temperate of any country ,e|gn8, deprived their parliaments
mEurope, and the foil product-scorn, of their fliare in ihe government,
wine, oil and flav, m great abun- and they are only aifembled at this
dance. It is extremely well liru- rfgy, to pafs the arrets or laws the
ated tor a foreign trade, as it lies k. is plcafed to fend them, which
on the ocean, th Enghfti channel, none durft refufe. But in civil
and the Meditcirinean fea, and is caufes thcfe parliaments are ftilJ the
watered by a great many brgc and ja(} refort, where the court does not
navigable rivers, particularly th«f ,nterpofe. Thefe parliaments con-
Seync, the Loyre, the Garonne, the f.ft of a certain number of prefidents
Rhone, the Soane, and ot Inte the and inferior judges, who purchafe
Rhine; which forfomc loom, now their places openly, and the ciown
feparates their dominions from Gcr- makes a confiderable revenue hy fuch
many. Their ftaturc ir not large, faies. The parliament cf Paris is
but they aro generally men of bright much the moft confiderable. Hither
parts, and the moft aftive and en- the King frequcnt'v ernes in pcrfon,
•crprifing of any people In Europe i and fees his royal afts recorded.
N a This
F R
F R
, This parHtincot confifts of the Dukes
iuid Peers of J^tuycCf besides the
ordinary judges, and takes cogni-
zance of all ofiences committed by
peers, where the King dees not iHue
a fpecia] comminion to. try th«m.
The other parJianKnts are excluded
from taking cognisance of any cauics
which relate to the crown, or the
peers of the realm.
As France in divided into 95 ge-
neral governmcnti at prefent, over
every one of thefe an officer, called
»n intendant, is appointed by the
King, who feema to have a power
of controuiing the governor and all
other officers of jufiice, and pre-
fides ever the receivers general $f
his generahty. The whole nuinber
q{ parishes contained in all the ge-
neralities, ampunt to 38,502, in
iwhich is comprehended 1,585, 1 1*
famihes, Jiable to pay the Taiile m
land-tax, which is onJy paid by (hofe
who hold by bafe tenuras, and tradelr
men j the nobility, clergy and gfiv-
try, ate exempted fi om this (ai^
The burgefTes of Paris, and, (omf
other free cities alfo, are. exempted
from the land-tax.
There is another tax, C^lle^ the
Taillon, payable by the Came per*
f©ns;K-the Taiile, .which ^amounts to
aboft a third part of the fortner.
'Inhere is another tax, called the
Aids, which arifes from the cufiums
and duties on ail merchandile, tft'
cept fait. ..^^ ^,..j „4i ,11 ,3 .
The Gdbelles, are the taiies ari--
fjng by fair.
The other taxer aie the capitation,
or a poll- tax } the tenths of all c-
flates, offices and employments j the
fiftieth penny, from which neither
the nobility nor clergy are cxempred j
and the tenths and fre** gifts of the
clergy, who are allowed to tax them-
felves, but it is- expected they ffionld
pay as much as the laity at ieaft j
and lat>ly, the crown lands, rents,
iines and forfeitures, bring in a con-
fiderable revenue } all which are
computed at hi'teen millions ilerling
per annum ;. btfides which, vaA Aunt
are raifcd by raifing and lowermg
the coin at pleafutc, by compoufld-
ing. debentures and government bili%
and other opprefli?« means. The
K. is but otie great farm to the
cr! v-v The whole produce rf the
» o'.'^^ry is in the King's power, if
h« nks.A; to demand, ir, though
he chufes t^ taka it in tb« accu*
ftomed way, chat he m«jr make no
more malccontents than he can't
avoid { and were there never fo ma.
ny, he has always armies on foot
fufficient to fbpprefs infurrettiojis.
In time of peace, he has frequenily
200,090 men in pay., and in time
of wat,. fometimes 400,000 j many
of which are foreigners, viz. Swifs,
Germans, Scotch, Itifti, Swedes and
panes.
. The religion, of France is Romtn
Catholic, jb-ut they feem lefs devoted
to the. Pope than any other nation
bfiXhat comnaunion, and have not
y<et afimictfd..the inquifiitioa among
t^emi ' ' ;• • . .. ..
. The. Prote{^nt» fought, for their
religion and liberties mftny year;,
and at length obtaioed a toleration,
hy a r^al cdiQ, called the edi^
Qt Nantz ; but this being repealed
by Lewis XIV. anno i6$5, a cruel
perfecutjon followed, which com-
pelled feveral 100,000 of them to
quit the K. who were entertained
in Proteftant countries, lo the un-
fpe^kable prejudice of this* K. for
they did not only lofe the raoft in-
duitrious part of the inhabitants, but
the refugees fet up the French ma-
nufaftories in every country where
they came, which very much leC^
ftned the demand for French mer-
chandize. The crown of France is
hereditary } but by their Saliqiie law
no female is fuf^'ered to inherit ;
neither is their royal line of that
duration as in England, for in the
pedigpee of their. Kings, we find
there have been three families on
the throne, viz. the Merovingian,
the Cadoviaian, and the Caputine,
V'hi( h
F R
' F R
if
which had no rdation to one an-
other i the fecond ufurping on the
ftrft, and the third upon the fecond,
which is the prefent reigning family.
The eldeft fon of France is always
ftiled the Diuphin. The new con-
quefts, or acquifitions, that France
has made to her dominions the latl
hundred years, are thofe of A\Uce
and Lorrain, on the fide of Germany -,
thofe of Artois, the Cambrcfis, part
of Flanders, Hainait and Luxem-
burg, on the fide of the Nether-
Janis j and Rouflillon, anciently a
part of Catalonia, on the fide of
Spain.
FRANcrORT, E. Inn. 7. 30. lat.
50. :o. a city of Germany, fit. on
the confiacb of Heffe and Franco-iia.
It ttands o.-> botli iidcs the river
Maine, 18 m. £.• of Mentz, and 15
W. cf Hanau j a lar^c populous city,
regularly forttried, and well lituated
tor trade. It is an impensl city,
that is, a fovereign Itate, and with a
coniiderable ter. about it, goveined
by its own magiftrates. The Papills
poiTcfs the cathedral, but the greatef^
part of the inhabitants being Lu-
theran Protcftants, the Papilb maite
no public proceHions thro' the town.
In the Stadthoufe or Guildhall of
this city, the Electors afl'emble for
the choice of an Emperor, and here
h prercrvfJ the goldea buJ, which
contain^ th;- rules to be oblerved at
iuc'ii eie'f^ions.
Fk ancvort upon Oder, E. Ion.
15. lat. 1,2. 22. a city of Germany,
»n the cir. of Upper Saxony, and
uvir. of Brandenbijrg; fi:. 40 m. E.
lit Berlin, and Tub. to FroiTia. it
IS a laruc well built town, an 1 has
a flcnirifliing trade, having a com-
niuHication with the Baltic, by the
river Oder, and with the Spree and
Havel, by canals, h is a Calvinlfl
univciGty.
Fkanche Comte, or the coon-
ty of Burgundy, was pMt of the
D. of Burgundy, and fub. to the
tipanifh branch of the houfe of Ao-
&xiA, but cakeu from them by Le\f is
XIV. and confirmed to France by
the treaty of Nimeguen, anno 167S.
Franc HE Comte, now a pr,
of France, is bounded by Lorraia
on the N, by Alfnce and Swjtzcr-
lanJ on the £. by La Brels and Bu-
pey on the S. and by the D, of
Burgunvlv and fart of Champaign on
the W. '
Franchemont, E. Ion. s* 4^«
lat, 50. 30. a town of Germany, m
the bifh. of Liege, 13 m. S.E. of
Liege.
Francoltnt, £. Ion. 22. 15.
lat. 45. 20. a town of Italy, in the
pr, of Ferrara, in the Pope's ter,
fit. on the river Po, 9 m. N.E. of
Ferrara.
Fra.vcon'i/^, 1 cir. of the Ex-
pire, in the renter of Cerminy,
being bounded by the Ian. c4' VLnv.
and the cir. of Up^'ct Saxony on thtf
N. by Bohemia t)n the E. by Ba-
varia and Sinba on the S. ar.d [ty
the pal. of the Rliine and the e^c
torate of Mentz on the W. the chut
town N'liemburg. From hence » \ms
the Franks, or Germans, who c-m-
quered France, and gave thcif ;i..m.*
to that kingdom.
Frank KNn AT., E. Ion. S. 15,
lit. 49. 30. -a city of Germnipy, in
thw' pal. ot th?i Rhine, fir. on riic
SV. I de of the river Rhfr.r. 10 ui,
S. of Wor.TiE, and 16 m. N.W. uf
HeidclhfvE ; t.Tkcn and biiint with
the reft of the towns in the P^Iuti-
nate, in the years 16SS and 16^9
by the French, who abandoned the
coiiiiiry again foon after.
Frankenstein, E. Ion. 7. 55,
iat. 49. 20. a town of Germany, m*.
the pil, of the Rhine and D, of
Ziifbruiiijen, fit. iz rn. N.W. of
Landau.
Franker, E. Ion, 5, 25. laf,
53. 15. a town of the United Pro«
viiire:, ill the pr. of W-jH Fricfjarid,
q m. W. of Lewaidcn.
Franstat, or Fmaustat, E,
Ion. 16.45. lat, 51.46. a town H
Silefia, fit. i^m.'N. E, ofGlos".w,
iub, toPrufliia. * - '.'V *
N 3 ' F::a.^«
F R
F R
FrascAti, br Frescat*!, t..
Ion. 15. 12. lat. 42. a town of Italy,
in ihc Campania of Rome, 13 n».
E, of that city j near which ^lacc
13 the Tul'culum of Cicero, calle«3
C;rocto Ferrate. Here arc fcvcral
f;!)t v'llas, belonging to the nobility
of mou^'in Home, as there were fyr-
neily of the old Romans j the hill
on which ihcy liund being much ad-
mired for its fine profpefts, in which
Rome is comprehended. H^rc, fays
Mr. Addi^ci), I firll faw the fketch
of Verfaillcs, in the walks and water-
works of thcfe palaces.
Fkedenberc, E. Ion. 8. Jat,
<i. 10. a town of Germany, in the
D. and cir. of We(lphalia, 50 m.
W. of CafTeJ.
pKEDERICAp W. Ion. 8l. JO.
lat. 31. a town of Georgia, in N,
America, fit. on the idand of J^t.
Simons, in the mouth of the river
AlatJmalu, lately built and fortified
by General Oglethorpe. The Spa-
niards invaded the ifland, anno 1742,
took .St. Simon's fort, and were
marching to befiege Fiedcrica, but
were repulfcd by Mr. Oglethorpe,
and obliged to abandon the entcrprize.
St. Simon's ifland is about 13 m.
long, and 3 or 4 broad, 10 leagues
N. of St. Auguftin. St. Simon's
inrt, which the Spaniards took and
abandoned again, is 7 m. from Fre-
derics. There arc fome other fma 11
illands in the mouth of the river,
wh ch the Englifli have fortified.
^ ■ Fredkhicksburc, E. Ion. 12.
20. Ut. 53. 40. a caf^Ie and palace
of the K. of Dtnmark, fir. in the
iflc of Zealand, lo m. N.W. of Co-
punhagi n ; built upon piles in the
iniiKHe vf a like.
FrEUEB JCK4BUBG, W. loH. 2.
lat. 5. a fort upon the gold caft of
^ Cuincy, near Cape Thiee Points,
full, to the Danes.
F.4 eULRICKHHAI L, E. Ion. II.
1;. lat. 59. 2C. a Orong town of
N rway. in the pr. of Agerhuys,
At. nil the frontiers of Swetlen, 30
m. N. vf Frcdeucknat. At the
flege of which toWn, Charles !JTI.
K. of Sweden, was killed by a mor*
ket ball, in the trenches, anno iTlS*
It is fub. to Denmark. ' *" ••** •*^'
Fredericksode, E. loii. io.
lat. 55.40. a town of Jutland, in
the pr. of Rypen, fit. on the little
Belt in the Baltic fea, oppofite to
Funen, 20 m, W. of Odenlee, fub,
to Dcnr.^ark.
F.^EDER1CK8TAT, E. lon. 9,
lat, 54. 35. a town of Slefwick,
or S. Jutland, fltuate on the river
Eyder, near the German ocean,
31 m. W. of Slefwick, fub. to Den-
mark.
Frederickstat, E. lon. 11.
24. ht. <9. a town of Norway, in
the pr, of Ag^erhuys, fir. on a bay
of the fea, called the Schagger-rack,
near the frontiers of Sweden, 60 m,
N, of Gottenburg.
FrusiWckn, E. Idn. 11. 45.
lat, 48. iff. a large city of Getmany,
in the Cir. df Bavaria, fir. on the
river Iter, 20 m. N. of Munich, fub.
to its own bifh.
Fujotr.s, orFREjvs, a city of
France, in the pr. of Provence, fir.
at the mouth of the river Argens,
on the Mtditerrincan fea, 35 nr.
N. E. of Toulon, and 30 m. S, W,
of Nice. The fee of a birtj.
Fr EUDEKBVKG, E. lon. S. laf.
51. 12. a town of Germany, in the
cir. and D. of Weflphalia, fit. 50
m. W. of CaiTcl.
Freystat, E. lon. 17. 55. lat.
50. a town of Silefia, in the ter. or
Tefchin, (it. i6m.E. ofTroppean.
Frirurc, E. Ivn, 6. 5<). lat.
46. 50. the capital of the can. of
Friburg, in Switzerland, fit. 18 m.
S. W. of Bern. It (lands upon al-
moft inacccflible rotks and precipi-
ces, infomuch that they are forced
to climb up to feveral parts of it by
(lairs and ladders } but then they
have the mo(V '9e!ightfiil profpe^b
imaginable. The inhabitant^ of this
city and canton are Roman Catho-
lics, and their government a repub-
lic, of which 1 ihall give a lurthrr
A'.COUi t
F R
F R
It.
accoont in the ddcription of Swit-
zerlafid in general.
FRi BURGH, £. Ion. 7. 40. lat.
48. 12. a city of Germany, in the
cir. of Suabia, cariul of the ter. cf
Brifgow, fit. 28 rn, S, of Stralburg,
and 18 m. N. of Bafil, fub. to the
houfc of AuUria.
Fricekto.E. Ion. 15.40. lat.41,
15. a town of Italy, in the K, of
Naples, in the Further P/incipatc, 43
m, »i. of Kaples. The fee of a bifli.
FaiDBURG, E. Ion. il. iat. 48.
30. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Bavaria, fit. 7 m. E, of Augfburg.
An imperial city, governed bj^^ its
own magiftrates. '".,
Fridburo, E. Ion* 13. 3|. lat.
50. 55. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Upper Saxony^ fir. 9 sn. S.
W. of Drcfdcn, fub. to ttve'Eleilor
of Saxony.
FaiDBURCy £. Ion. ii, 5(|. Ut.
51. 20. a town of Germany, in i^e
«;;r. ol Upper SaxOny^ and pf. of
Thuringia, fit. on thf river Uaftruc,
30 m. W. of LcipfiC: , , , ,
Fridlanp, £. Ion. XS* i' *^^*
50. 55. a town «>f Bohemia, lih on
the confines of l^ufatia, (5 m. ft, of
Drcfdcn, lub. to the huu(eof Auftria.
Fridmngen, £. Ion. 7. 30. lat.
47. 35. a town of Germany, in the
cir of Suabia, fir. 3 m. £. of the
Khine, aiid 5 m. S. of Bafil.
Frieuburg, E. Ion. 8. 30. Iat.
50. 2C. a city of Germany, m the
Jan. of HefTe, 16 m. N. of Franc-
lort J an imperial city, or fovercign
Itate, governed by its own magi-
It: aics.
Fries LAND, one of the moft
northern provinces of tie United Nc-
rherlan<ls, bounded by the ocean on
the N. by Gronmgen and Overyncl
OB the E. by the Zuider-lea and
Ovcryflcl on the S. and by the ocean
on the W. the cliief town Lrwar-
drn, the feat of the late Prince of
Orange.
F H I r. s L A N d-East, a pr. of
Ccr.'uany, in the cir. of Wcftphalia,
being the N.W. part of Geimany,
bordering en Groningen, a pr. of
the United Netherlands. See Emb-
DtN.
Frinwalt, orFRiDLANn, E.
Ion. 14, 35. Lit, 52. 42. a town of
Germany, m the cir. of Upper Saxo-
ny, and mar. of Brandenburgh, fir,
on the W. fide of the river Oder, 30
m. N. E. of Berlin, fub. to Pruflia.
Frio Cape, W. Ion. 44. S. lat.
23. 30. a promontory of Brafil, in
America, in the pr. of Rio Janiero.
Frisach, E. Ion. 14. 15. lat.
47. 20. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Bavaria and archb. of Sa!tz<
burg, fit. 60 m, S. E. of the city of
baltzburg, and fub. to the archb.
Frishaf, a bay of the Baltic
fea, formed by the ifland of Frifch
and the continent, at the mouth of
thp river Viftula, on the ccaft of
Frtiflia, in Poland.
Fritzi-ar, E. Ion. 8. 50. lat.
5*. 5. a town of Germany, in the
fan. of Hefle-CanTcl, fit. 20 m. S.W.
dfCaflel.
tRiuLi, a pr. nf Italy, in the
ter. of Venice, bounded by the pr.
<W Carinthia, in Germany, on the
N. by th^ pr. of Carniola on the
E. by the gnlph of Venice on the
S. and by the Bellunefe and Feltrin
on the W.
Frobisher, or Forbisher's
Straits, W. Ion. 48. N. lat. 63.
a ftrait a little to the northward uf
Cape Farewell, in W. Greenland,
dilcoverrd by Sir Martin Forbiflier.
Frooingham, W. Ion, 6 min.
lat, 53. 55. a market town of the
Eaft Riding of Yorkfhire, 30 m. E,
ot York.
Fropsham, W. Ion. «. 36. Jar.
53, 2c. a market town of Chcfljito,
fit, 14 m. N.E, of Chefter.
Fromf, W. Ion. 2. 2;;. lat. 51,
20. « market town of Sonrierfctfhirr,
9 m. S, of Bdth, It is a great
cloathing town.
Fronteira, W. Ion. 8. 6, lar.
3^. 50. a town of Portugal, in the
pr. of AicAtrJo, fit. 12 m. S. of
Pojlaleere,
Fron.
i
F U
G A
^i
Front iGNiAc, E. Ion. 3. 30,
lat. 43. 30. a little town of France,
in the pr. of Languedoc, fit. near
the Mediterranean fca, 16 in. S.W.
of Montpellier j the country about
it producing excellent wine, which
takes its name from thence.
Fronticmac, W, Jon. 77.
lat. 43. 20. a fort, fit. on the river
St. Lawrence, in Canada, in N.
America j where it difchargcs ilfeif
into the lake Ont trio ; to which
fort and lake, a French cHicer give
the name of Fronligniac. However
the five nitions of Iruquois, allies of
Great-Britain, poflefs all the £. and
S. ihores of this lake, and difpute
the right of the French tu the Jake
icfelf. This Jake is 300 m. long,
and upwards of 100 broad, abundance
U' rivers fall into ir^ but the gtcateft
budy of waters it is fupplied with
cumes from the river Niagara, being
a (Irait, or channel, between th«
lakes of Erie and Ontario, which
torms one of the moft furptizing
cataradh, or fulls of water, io tiic
worlil.
FUENTE DUENA, W, lon. J.
30. lat. 40. 12. a town of Spain,
in the pr. of New Caftile, fit. on the
rjvcr 'i'agus, 35 m. S. E. of Madiid.
Fucn, E, lon. 9. 35, lat. 50. 34.
• town and abbey ot Ceriiuiiy, in
the land, of flcflc, fit. on the river
Fuld, 50 ni. N. E. of Franct'ort.
The abbey and a coniidcrablc ter.
:ib(<ut it, fub. to the Abbot, who is
a I'rincf of the Empire.
FuLiGNo, E. Ion. 13. 30. lat.
43. a city of Italy, in the I^opc's
ter. and D. of .Spolctto, lit. 10 m.
N. of Spolctto. .
FuNCHALi , W. lon. iC lat. 32.
35. the capital o! the Ma>i(:.i,4 iilaniti,
111 the Ail.uitic cccan, 300 m. VV.
of the coait u( Morocco iu Aiiicaj
(ub. to Pcftujjal.
FuM>i-RAY, fit. between Ncw-
Enpland, and .^cadIP, or Ncv-Scot-
iand, in which there is ao excellent
filhcry.
I'UNrN, ll'.e I'ccond idand for
magnitude wl.i.h belongs to Dcu-
mark, fit. at the entrance of the
Baltic Tea, and feparated from Jut-
land by the ftrait called the LefTcr
Belt, and from the i(land of Zealand
by the ftrait called the Great Belt j
tJie chief town Odenfee.
FuRNEs, £. lon. 2. 25. lat. 51.
10. a town of the Auftrian Nether-^
lands, fit. in the pr. of Flanders,
10 m. £. of Dunicirk, and 16 N.
W. of Ypres.
FuRSTiNBVRG, E. Mn. 2, 30.
lat. 47, 50. a town and caAle of
Germany, in the cir. of Suabia,
capital of the co. of FurAenburg, lit*
on the Danube, 30 m. N.W, of
ConAance.
FuRSTCNriELo, E. lon. 16. 46.
lat. 47. 26. a town of Germany, m
the cir. of Au^ria, and D, oi btina,
36 m. £. of CiuU.
G *r l*'-!
Vjr A^ .d yt-A^ ••
GABIM, E. Jon. ao. laf. 5s.
35, a town of Great Pi. land,
in the pal, of Rava, fit. 4b m. N.W.
of Warfaw.
Gaieta, £. Ion. i.^. 30. lat.
41. 20. a city 0/ Italy, m the Iv. oi'
Napier, and pr, of Lavoio, fit. 011
the lea of Naplcf, 35 nj. N.W. of
the city of Naples. It is a ftroug
town, and aimuit the oniy cne tiiat
held out any tune vtheu the Au*
tiiian-t reduced thu K.. of Na|>ie:i,
anno i'joj, but was at length taken
by iJorni, and the two cail'os (ur-
rcndiTcd at ciilcrction. 1 his town
alto nude a good ucUnce when the
Spaniard!, recovered Naples from the
Aullnans, anno 1734, and luiicn-
dciwl upon honourable terms.
Gains BOH ouuH, W. ion. 40
mM). Kit. 53. 2(). a market tuwa of
Liucoiiifbirc, in Lindtey divifiun, fit.
14 m. N.W. of Lincoln} from
whence the noble fanuly of Noel
take the title of Earl,
Gauata, a great fuUirb be-
lojij^ing tu CoiillaAtinofle, oppoht«
G A
G A
46.
. Ill
J4t.
lit'
Oil
oi
roug
tiut
An-
(ur-
uuu
Ul«.'
Uic
tCM-
4.0
,. of
lit.
ruiu
luci
to th« Seraglio, on the ot"hcr fide of
th« barbour, where the Greeks,
Armenians, Franks, Chriftiuis, and
J. ws inhabit, and have the liberty
ot their rei'peAive forms of worihip ;
and there are feveral Roman Cathoirc
monaAeries in it. The private houfes
alfo are better built than thofe of
Conflaiitinople, and they have ta-
verns where whie is ibid without
reflraint.
Gal AT I A, a pr, 6f the Lcflcr
Afia, fo called ancientlyV now the
ter. of Amafia, in Afi;rtic Turky.
GAti.BALLY, W. Ion. 8. acy.
lat. (ii. 15, a town of Ireland in the
CO. of Tipperary, and pr. of Mun-
licT, fit. 23 m. S. E. of Limerick.
Gai.icia, the moft N. W. pr.
of Spain, is bounded by the ocean
on the N. and W. by the provinces of
Alltirias and Leon on the E, and
by Furtugai on tiie S. •
Galicia, or Guadalajara,
a pi. of Mexico, in N. America,
bounded by Now Mexico on the N.
by the gulph of Mexico qn the 5^ W
Mexico Proper on the S. and bj thl
Pacific ocean and giilph of California
en the W.
Galilee, once a pr. of Judea,
and now of AHatic Turicy, the fce.ic
ot many of our Saviour's miracles,
was Ixuindfd by mount Libarus <",n
the N. by the river Jordan .nnd the
fea of Galilee on the E. by the river
Chili n on the S. and the Mediterra-
nean fea on the W. in ^vhich v^ere
the cities of Capernaum, Ci. , in,
and Bcthfiida, which uc no. «nly
g<Be to ruin, but the exacl ni.ACB
where thry ftood now unJrnown ;
)iOwcvcr lumc pretend to \.«iinr ihcm
out m tlieirMapt of P: c ;ne ^ C.l-
pern.ium they place a* the N. end
of the lake of Galilee, Chorrzin en
the tart, and Beibfaida Weft of the
lake.
Gall, (St.) a town of Swit-
aerland, in the trr. of Tnrpow, 5
m. W. of the Like of Conftance,
and adjoining to the ahbev, but has
ni>\v no dependanco on it, the town
having purthafcd ihc fovcrcgnty of
the Abbot. It h; at prefent, a
republic, but no ter. belongs to it,
the Abbot being fovereign of the
adjacent country. The legiflative
power of this city is lodg'd in twp
councils. It is computed the in-
habitants amount to 10,000 fouls,
who arc moA of them employed ia
the linen manufafluie ^ the neigh-
bouring country furnilhing them witb
great quantities of the bed flax, out
of which they annually nuke upwards
of 40,000 pieces of linen, of zoo
ells each, and are much enriched by
exporting it, it being rcckoneil one
of tiie ve.ilthieft towns i« Swit-
zerland, Tlieir religi in is Ptote-
ftant, which occafions continual dif-
ferences between them and the ad-
joining slbbey. A few years ago
one of the monks carrying his crofs
eredled' through the town, and fe-
veral thoiifand pcafants attending
the procefTioii, a tumult immcd.ately
followed ambng the citizens, who
looked upon it as an infult on their
religion;, and running to arms, plant-
ed four ^.reat guns againll the gates of
the abbey, and a war was like to
have tnfued between Uie abbey pnd
the town ; the Abbot i robibited his
fubjcfls of the adjacent country to
lurni^h the town with any ptovifions,
knowing they could not fubfift but
by the produce of his country, having
no tcriitones of the'r ». wn. How-
ever their differences wcie at length
actommociiu- J, the tcwnfmen agreed
to p.iy 2000 crowns for iril'ulting
the Monks, and the Monks cn^'ngcd
there fliotild be no more prorellions
in llic town. The Abbot of St. GaU
\!fo was at war with the Tocker;-
buiphers in the year 171S, claiming
the fcvcreipnty of that city and ter.
in whitji tile I'roteftant canton* took
the part of theTockenburghers, and
the I'opilh ri\ntoi<is the part of the
Abbot J of which a further account
will be given in the dcfcription ot'
Swi»^zcrland.
CiALLirAGO rsLANns, fit. in
th.' I*acific ocean, on both fide? of
ti.x" Jiquator, between 85 and 90
dejrcc'.
G A
G A
'
4e%tet» of W. Ion. 400 m. W. of
the coaft of Peru ) hither ftipping
liequcntly come to teiit and get
water and ftedi provirioiis, but the
Spaniards have not thought fit to
faid any colonies hither, and they
Jie too far from any other nation to
turn to any jccount.
Galliioii, E. Ion, 28. lat,
40. 45. a port town of European
Turky, in the pr. of Rrmania, or
Thrace, fit. at the entr,inc« of the
Fropontis, or Sea of Marmora, 25
m. N. E. of the Straits ef the Hcl-
Jefporjt, or Dardanells, and too m.
S. W. of Confbnt nopie. There are
two harbours for the reception of
galijee, but they will not adroit of
large /hips. It is computed that the
inhabitant'^ confift of 10,000 Turktj
and 4000 Chriftiani, befides a great
number of Jew?, This was the firft
town the Turks poflefl'cd themfelves
of in Europe,
Gallipox.1, £• Ion. 19, Jat.
40. 2;. a pore town of Italy, in the
K. of Naples, and pr. of OtrantOy
£'. on the gulph of Otranto, 23 m*
y^. cf the city of Otranto.
C A L L o, W, Ion. 80, hr, z.
1 5, an ifiand in the Pacific Ocean,
near the co.ift of Peru, 200 m. W,
cf Popayan. There being fome good
harbours in this ifiand uirh wood
and water, the Buccaneers «fcd to
put inhere to refit. This was the
^rfl place the Spaniards pon'encd
themi'clvcs of when they attempted
the conqueft of Peru.
Gallo, £. Ion. Is. lat. 43. <);.
a town of Italy, in the mar. of An.
cona, fir. 10 m. S. of Ancona.
Gallo, or Punto Gallo, E.
Ion. 78. lat. 6. a fea port town and
forr, fit. on the S. W. part of the
iflard of Ceylon, in tl c E. Indies,
in Afia ; fub. to the Dutch.
Gall WAV, W. Ion. 9, Ji.
lat. 53. 12. thi cipital of the county
of Gallway, and pr. of Connauplr.
Ill Iiclnnd, fit, on the bay uf G. ;•
way, in the Wcftern ocean, 110
in. W. of Dubln, a good port, ad-
vantageoMlly fituated for a foreign
trade. Gilloway is the name of a
cr. and ftcwartry in the S. W, of
Scotland.
Gamei/ , a great river of Africa,
which running trcm £. to W. falls
into the Atlantic Ocean in 14 de*
grees N. lat, and 15 W. Ion. fuppofed
to be a branch of the river Niger,
It is navigable for flcops 600 m. as
the EngliOi fa<ilors relate, who have
^one up it fo far in fearch of gold
mines, but found none. At the
mouth of the river the land is low^
but higher up they me^-t with a
mountainous, rocky countiy, well
cJoathed with timber. There are
a. great many towns, and feveral
diftin^l Rations inhabit the banks
of this river} moil of them Ne<
groes, but fome of an olive com-
plexion, who live like the Arabs,
and fpeak the Arabic language, and
are of the Mahometan religion, as
moft of the Negrt^e> N. of the river
are, but thofe that lie on the S. of
the river are Pagans. James ifland,
the chief fettlement belonging to the
African company, lies 10 leapues up
the river, almoft in the middle of it,
being 3 m. from the neareft ilio^e.
The ifldnd is lefs than n m. in cir-
cumference, on which the company
have a fort mounted w th cannon,
and a fnull garritcn, which preferves
their right of trading in that river ;
they have ;iiru fat^ots on either Hiorr
for icveral hundred miles up the ri-
ver. They trade with the natives
for goKI, Haves, elephants teeth, and
bees- wax, and have found the way,
at length, to prociir j forr.e qt antities
of gum lenega, which the French,
who are fettled on the river Senega,
a little N. fit Gambia, have U>n^
dealt in. Thefc rivers running a
lun^'. cuurfe within the I'ropies, an-
nually oveiflow all the flat country
near their banks about MiJfummer,
as the Nile and Jic Ganges do, be-
ng fwcUcd by the periodical rains.
Gawdia, W. ion. 20 min, laf,
39. 5. a port town vf Spain, in the
G A
G A
lar.
the
or. of Valencia, fit. on the coaft of
the Mediterranean, 25 m. S. ot Va-
lencia.
Gangea, £. Ion. 46. h*'. 41.
the capital of a ter. in the pr. of
Chirvan, in the K. of Perfia, in Afia,
fit. 200 m. N.W. of Baku, and the
Cal'pian Tea, und 120 m. N. £. of
Erivan.
Ganges, a river of the Hither
In.Ua in Afi;i, rifcs in the mountains
which feparate India from Tartary,
aad I'ome fjy turlher northwards, and
runn ng from the N.W. to the S. E.
near 1500 m. through the Mogul's
dominions, difcharges itfelf by leve-
ral channels into the bay of Bengal.
This river is in great efteem in Indi.»,
not only on account of the iong courfe
it runs, the depth of itt, feveral ch:;n-
nels, and the purene's bf its ftreim,
but from the lanclity whith the na-
tives believe to be in tts waters, 'Th
vilited mnuully by fcverai icx?,ooo
p Igrims, v\ho pay their devotions
t > this river as a god, and carry their
eying friends from diftant countries,
to expire on its banks, and as foort
as they die heave them into the
middle ef it. The water is lowed
in Apnl or May, but the rains be-
ginning to fail Toon after, the flat
country is overflowed for fcvera! miles
before September ends, and then the
waters begin to retir- but leave a
prolific mud behind, which makes
Bengal the moft f^uitful p. of India,
j'or all kinds of grain. Tftcf'e waters
keep better at tea than any other,
except the Tijimcs. The fpring
tides rife ufualiy about 10 foot here,
but there h ;ve been terrible inun-
dations and ftorms «f late years, m
%vliich the towns near the fliore fuf-
fercd much, and tlie ihips in the
liver were, fome of them, caft away j
for there are no fafe hai hours upon
thr v.. coaft of India j therefore when
the monfoons, or Iturmy fcalun is
expelled, which js about the au-
tvjmnal equinox, the ftiippinj on the
coalt fail up ihc Ganges tor their fe-
cuiiiy. The Europeans ufe the m^ft
wcllt-rly branch of the Ga/iKc^,
where the Engliflj have fome fcttle-
ments, particularly at Fort William
and Hugely.
Ganj, orCouLOR, E. ion, 79.
lat. 16. a town of Golconda, in tlie
Hither India, in Afia, in wh ch is
a rich diamond mine, 100 m. E, of
Bagnagar; fub. to the Mogul.
Gap, E. Ion. 5. 46. lat. 44. ^t,
a city of France, in the pr. of Dau-
phine, 18 m. W. of Embrun. The
fee of a bifli.
Garda, E. Ion. II. lar. 4^. 2^.
a town of Italy, in the Veronele,
fit. on the E. fide of the lake Gar-
da, 20 m. N.W. of Verona J fub.
to Venice.
Garoeleben, E. !on. 11.45*
lat. C2 40, u town of Germany, in
(.he mar. of Brandenburg, At. 50 m.
N.W. of Brandonbjrg ^ fub, to the
K. of Ptufiia. IK '.
Garonne, a river of France,
which rifcj in the Pyrenean moun-
tains, and running N.W. psfles by
the city vf'l hjloule, and continuing
the courie N.W, divides the pro-
vinces of Gulcnne and Ga^cony, vi-
fiting the city of Bourdeaux, and
afterwaids difcharges itfelf into the
bay of Bifcay, about 60 m. below
that city, having received the river
Djrdonne, and feveral others in its
pafTage. It has alio a communica-
tion with the Mediterranean Sea by
the royal canal made by Lewis XIV.
the ufual tides come up the river
Garonne, 20 m. above liourdeaux,
Carkison, W, Ion. 8. 20. lat.
54. 16. a town of Iietand, in the
CO. of Fermanagh and pr. of Uiftcr,
fit, 10 m, S. of B illyfljjnnon.
Garstang, W. ion, 2. 40. lat,
5"^. 50. a market town of f.ancafliire,
10 m- N. of Prefton.
Gascqny, the moft S. W. pr,
0^ France, boiindeii by Guienne on
the N. by Languedoc on thr E. by
the Pyrcnnees, which feparate it
from Spain, on the S. and by the
bny of Bilcay on the W, the chief
town Bjyonne.
Gajienhovek, or Gvtztv-
HoviN, t, iw, 5. lat, 50. 5S' a
towu
f
i
t^K^mmrf im m •••m - '
G E
G E
■ ■■>
i i
1
i
town cf the Auflrlan Netherlandi,
fK. 4 m. E. of Tirlemont, and 15
ni. £• of Louvain.
Gatk, a chain of mountains that
run thro' the middle of the Hither
Peninfula of India, in Atia, from
N. to S.
GATTcn, W. Ion. 10 min. lat,
51. iS. a borough town of Surrey,
lit. 16 m. S. of London ^ fcnd^ iwo
tnembers to parliament.
Gaveren, or Wavkren, E.
Ion. 3. 35. lat. 51. a town of the
Aulhian Netherlands, in the pr. of
Flanders, fit. on the E. bank ef the
river Sclwld, 8. m. S.W. of Ghent,
and 5 m. N. E. of Oudenarde, near
which the armies frequently en-
camped, and there have been ieveral
fm^n anions in the late wars.
Gaul, the ancient name of
France, which comprehended al(b
the N. of Jtaiy.
Gau«, a tei'. in the pr. of Cha-
raflan, la Perua, upon the conhnes
of India, in Alia.
Gaures, are a people difperfcd
all over India and Peifia, who pre*
tcnJ to be defc uded from the ancient
Pcihans J however they diilcr from
the modern Pertians in feveral ma-
terial articles, Thty worftiip the
l\,n and tiie fire, but whether as
gods, or relembling God, is uncer-
tain, !or they fay God is light j and
they maintain Lhat the facred tire
has becu kept alive near 4000 years.
Their chief temple is on a mountain
in the pr. ofEyrac Agcm, near the
city of V'efd, where great numbers
of their priefts relide, whole employ-
nicnt is to take cjre of the Ijcrcd
fire, that it be never extitiftuifljcJ j
which firr, they lisy, was lighted by
t' if gr ' prophet Zoroallcr, who.e
tv .rn fi.cy daily expect. '1 he eni-
f l.iymeni ot this p ■ !e is hulbandry ;
v' ■ y never bury their dead, but cx-
pote them in the open air, to be
devoured by birds of prL-y, in places
furroundcd v^ith hi^jh walls.
Gket, a river of the Auftrian
Netherlands, which rmog in the S.
: h. part ol' -Brabaut, luns N. uont
\i •
the Confines of Liege, and, pafTirtg;
by Landc and Leaw, falls into the
Demer a little below Halen.
Celderland, comprehending
Zurphen, is a pr. of the United Ne-
therlands, bounded by the Zuyder
fea and by the pr. of OveryU'el en
the N. by Weftpha ia on th« £. by
Brabant an<f Pruili^n Geldcrland on
the S. and by the pr. of L^recht on
the W.
Geldres, E. Ion. 6. 8, ht. 51.
35. a city of Geldecland, lit. 23 m.
S. of Nimeg'ien, and 11 N. of Vcn-
lo, which, with the territories about
it, was yielded to the K, of Fruflia,
by the treaty of Utrecht, anno 1713,
together with the co. of Keflel, and
village of Krieckenbick.
Gelenhausen, E. Ion. 8. 50.
lat. 50. 15. a town of Germany, in
the Ian. of Hefle, and ter. ot Hanau,
fit, on the river Knitzip, 9 m. N. of
Hanati, and 14 m. N.W. of Afchaf-
fenbur^, an imperial city, governed
by its own magiilrates.
Gemblours, E. Ion. 4. 30.
lat. 50. 30. a town of the Auftrian
Nctherin js, in the pr. of Brabant,
fit. on ihe river Orne, 10 m. N,
W. of Namur, and ai S. E< of
BruiTeis.
Gemunp, E. Ion. 9. 40, Jat,
48. 45. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Suabia, and co. of Rech(berg,
fit. on the river Rems, 25 m. E. of
Stutgart.
Gemunp, E. Inn. 6, 15. lat.
50. 34. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Welljihalia, anu D. of J'llicrs,
fit. on the river Kocr, 25 m, S.W.
of Coiogn.
Gem UNO, E. Ion. 9. 45. Int. 50.
8. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Franconia, fit. on the river Maine,
20 m. N. of Wiirtlburg, fub, to the
bilh. of Wurtlhurg.
Genaf, E. Ion. 4. 20, Int. 50.
33. a town of the Au (Irian Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Brabant, fit, on
the river Dyle, 14 m. S. E. of Btuf-
fels, and 10 m. N.W. of Gcmblou.-s.
Genep, £. Ion. 5. 30. Ut. 51.
40, • town of the D, ol Cleevc, in
J Gcc
G E
G E
and
in
;. lat.
ill the
JmIicjj,
I
Germany, fit. on the Nierfe and
Mass, lo m. W, of Ciceve.
Geneva, E. Jon. 6. lat. 46, 20.
a city of Savoy, and capital of the
tcr. of Geneva, fit. near the confines
ti France and Switzerland, on the
river Rhone, at the W. end of the
lake Lemain, or Geneva, 70 m. S.
W. of Bern, 45 m. N. of Chamberry,
and 60 m. N. W, of Lyons. It is
furroundcd with a wall and other
fortifications, about a m. in circum-
ference j it is tolerably well built,
but mod admired for its lituation en
the lake and river, and the fine
walks and profpeAs about it. The
town is not very ftrong confidering
its potent neighbours, whofe terri-
tories come up to the very walls,
viz. thole of France and Sardinia,
whofe Princes make fome pretenfions
to the dominion of this ciry ; but
they are protcded by their allies,
the cantons of Bern and Zurich,
againli the attacks of both. The
inhabitants ara computed to amount
to 30,000. This is the great re-
fort of the Calvinills from France
and other nations for education; it
having been the place of Calvin's
rcfidcncc, and his dii'ciples having
iiad the dominion of this city ever
fince. They expelled their bifh. in
the year 155-?, who was their fove-
rcign at that lime, and ercdted a
rcjjublic, pUc;ng the legillative au-
thirity in a council of 100, and a
fenatc of 2>, who have the executive
power, or adminiftrntion of tijc go-
vernment ; none but the principal
cilizciis were admitted to have any
Iharc in the gov vnment-, or eledlion
»)t magiitrates, but the common peo-
ple have of late infiftcd on a fliare in
the adminiflration, and compelled
their iuperiors to dcleiratc part of
thc-ir powi'r to them. Their church
IS Preibytertan, governed by the city-
clergy, the nurpher-maller of reform-
ation, liod 6 others elet>ed out of the
great council; but their decrees, or
cmons, are of no force, till ratified
by the great council. Their clergy
have neither glebe nor tythcs, but are
allowed 50 1, per annum each, by the
ftatcs. They will neither allow of
cards, drinking in public houfrs, or
dancing ; but ate lefs flrid in keep-
ing the fabbath than their brethren
in this ifland, (or they cxcrcife their
militia on Sunday:;, and go to bowls,
and other manly fports. The adjoin-
ing lake is 60 m. long, and l^ broad,
and produces great plenty of the bcfl
fifh. They have a good foreign trade ;
their manufadures aie chiefly gold
and filver lace, filks, and fhaminy
leather. Here is an univ. but no
fallarics fettled on the proleflors, or
fellows ; their fubfiflence arifjn^
from the contributions of their f u-
pils. The language of the common
people is the Savoyard, or a very bjd
dialect of the French tone'ie ; but
people of condition fpeak French in
greater purity. This republic wns
once allied to the Roman Catholic,
as well as the Proteflant cantons of
Switzerland ; but ftncc they have
embraced the dotSlrine of Calvin, the
Popifh cantons arc not reckoned a-
mong their allies.
GlKGENBACK, E. loP. J. 4;.
lat. 48. 3c. a town ot Germany, m
the cir. of Suabia, lo m. S. E. of
Strafburg, an.I 20 m. N. of Friburg.
Gknis, E. Ion. 5. 30. lar. 4^.
40. a town of Savoy, fir. «;n tii«
river Guier, 12 m. W. if Ciiam-
bcrry, fub. to the K.. of Saidinu,
Genoa is a republic in Jr.i!r,
whofe territor.es lie in thetoimof
a crei'tent, on the Mcditrrrintan
Sea, for 150 m. viz. from the town
of Vcntimiijilia on tho W. to the
tcr. of the republic of Lucca almof!,
on the E. and is properly called the
Riviere, or coart of Genoa, their
country no where extending 20 m,
from th<? fsa, and in fome parts not
10 ; tiiC Appenine mountains in a
manner cover it on the land fide,
and i«'parate it from the conntnes
cf Nice, Piedmont, the MontftrnS
tl;(' Milanefe and P.umeran. J'hf*
tops of thtfe mountains aic perfef\!y
burr, havin? neither iiees or hrr-
hi^c upon them j but towards tha
QL , b«t.
■5 y
'♦■I*!
G E
' bottom they arc well planted with
vines, olives, and other fruit ; but
the foil yields fcarce any com, and
their feas not many fifli.
Cr.NOA city, the capital of this
Tcpiiblic, is lit, in 9 degrees 30 m.
E. Icn. and in 44 degrees 30 aiin.
N. lat. part of it on a level ftrand
rear the fea, but rifes gradually to
the top of the hill. The houfes
are well built, 5 or 6 (lories high,
and rifing like the feats of a theatre,
atTbrd a very fine profpe£l", as we
approach it from the fea. The har-
bour ii large and deep, but expofed
to the S. W. wind, only there lb a
mole for the fccurity of their pallies
and fmall veffels, and the city lies
pretty much expofed to a bombard-
ment, as they experienced in the
year 1684, when J^ewis XIV. or-
dered the town to be beat about their
cars j but it has been fince rebuilt
to grcr.t advantage with (Tone and
brick, the roots generally flat. Their
principal ftrcet, according to Mr.
Addifon, is a double range of palaces,
fiom one end to the other, built
with excellent fancy, and fit to en-
tertain the preaitft princes ; the
fronts of (Vvcial of them entirely of
marble. The circnnifercnce of the
city is fix m. furroun;icd by a wall
and other works j and at a little di-
flance there is a (econd wall, which
takes in the hills that command the
place. There are ifi the city 30 pa-
rifh churches, 20 colleges, and as
many convents and relijiinus houfcF,
ar»d it is the fee of an archb. The
leg ll.it ive authority is lodged in the
gicat fcnate, lonfining o( tlie fig-
niuty, and 400 noblemen and prin-
tij^al c tizens, eledlcd annually out
of the freemen. The figniory con-
lifts of the D. and 12 other members,
who hold their places two yeais ; to
whom, alViOcd by fomc other coun-
cils, isconim:iled the adminiUration
of the government, four parts in five
of tlie lenate rr.u(l ai;,rce to the en-
adir'g laws. The Doge is obliged
to rcli-ic in the palace the two ye.<rs
he is in (.iBce, with two of the fig-
G E
niory and their families ; and aftdr
he has (erved his two years, he ic^
tires to his own houfe for eight days,
when his adminiftration is approved
or condemned, and if it be cenfuicd,
he is proceeded againft as a criminal.
When the Doge is eledled, a crown
of gold is let on his head, and a
fcepter put into his right hand, as
K. of Corfica, which ifijnd is lub.
to this republic. His guards are
equal to thofe of other crowned
heads, and he is cloathed in robes
of crimlon velvet, and complimented
with the title of Molt .Serene. The
fenators are (lilcd their Excellencies,
and the nobility liludrious. 'Ihe
nobility derive their titles from the
lands they polfcfs in N.iples, Milan,
and other countries ; but the re-
public fuft'ers much by perm.itting
her fubjcdt^s to purchafe hunouis and
eflates of foreign Princes, for this
renders the principal fanjiliesamongft
them fubjci^t to another jurildidtion.
"When the Spaniards pollVlled Milan
and Naples, they were oliliged to be
governed by Spanifh cc^uncils, and
when the Auftrians poffefs thofc
countrie"!, the Auftrians influence
their affairs, which f?metimes draws
on them the reicntment of other
powers, particularly the French,
who have not only bombarded their
towns, but obftruded their foreigfi
trade ; and their formidable fleets,
which heretofore gained fo many
victories over the Greeks, the Ve-
netians, Turks, Spaniards, &c. and
fettled fo many colonics in Afia and
the Fuxinc fea, aie now dwindled
to fix gallics J and when they would
have incrcaCcd them, the French
ordered them to f< rbear incrcaflng
their navy at their peril. Their
forces at land arc ufually about 4 or
5000, and they can increafe them
to 20,000. Their ordinary revenue
is computed at 200,000!. per ann,
but they can increafe it conlidcrably,
many of their fubjefts being very
rich. There is a bank at CenoH,
which has part of the public duties
for it! fund. The crown of Sp^ii^'i
very
furt, a
G E
G E
vary much in licbt to this Republic
tor money lent ever fince the rci^n
cf Philip II. and other fums taken
up fince, lor which Spain continues
ti» pay the infciefi, ci part vf it, to
this day, but h.is never oflVrcd to
repay r.ny of the princ'pil. Tlieir
c'iiinMy being but a ban en fpot, they
•.ifually ke^'p two or tlirce je.us pro-
vtfions of c\>rn, wine and oil, and
other necttl.iries in their magazines,
wliitli ihey (f\\ out at realonible
piles, in fcaice years, to thv! pe(j-
ple. The chief manufadtoiies of
(icnoi are ricii fiiks, vdvcts, and
bfocade", of which they export a-
biindancc, together with wine, oil,
fruits, anchovie?, fweet-meats, and
ftvcral forts of dru;j;s. The cele-
brated Andrew Dori.i, one of the
preateil admirals and generals of his
time, freed his country from the
tyr.'<nny of the French and Spaniards,
and fettled their government in the
prcfent form, anno 1528.
Geokge (St.) Del Mina, W.
Ion. 5 min. lat. 5, the capital of the
Dutch fettlements on the gold coail
of Cuiney, in Africa, fit. 7 or 8 m.
W. of Cape-Coafl cafile, the capital
of the Englifh fettl«!ments in Gumey,
This fort the Dutch took from the
Portuguefe with feveral more, and
expelled them from the gold coaft,
>nno 1630. They endeavoured alfo
to drive the Englirti from thence,
furprifing feveral of their fettlements
in a time of full peace, anno 1664,
Georce(St.) fort and town, E.
Ion. 80. hit. 13. fit. on the coaft
of Cormandel, in the Hither India,
in Afia, 3 ni. N. of the city of St.
Thorn;!?. The town is divided into
tlie white and black town. The
fort, and white town which adj.)ins
to the fort, are inhabited only by
Efigliili, and arc nor above half a m.
in crcumferenc, furroundcd by a
ftone wall. The outward or black
town, called Midrafs, has been late-
ly furrounded by a ftonc wall and
bullions, cannon proof, by the late
governor Pitt, and is about a m. and
a half in circumference, the whole
being almoft furrounded by a river,
and the fea. This is the capit.il of
all the fettlements the Englilh E ill-
India company have on the coart of
Corniandtl, and is a hc^lthfvil plt;a-
fint fituation as any in India -j the
garrifon docs not confift of more th m
3 or 400 men, befidcs Blacks. The
Mogul's generals vifit them fome-
times, demanding a tribute or pre-
fents from the governor, which he
is obliged to comply wi.h j for tho'
he might defend himl'elf agiinll the
Mogul's forces, which confift chiefly
of horfe, yet they are able to ruin
the company*s trade, and cut elf
their communication with the coun •
try J where the EngUlTi purchafe of
the natives, calicoes, chints, mufliti'",
and fometimes diamonds. The com-
pany purchafcd this fettlcmcnt ani
a fmall ter. about it, of the K. Cf
Golconda ; but the Mogul after-
wards making a conqueil of the
country, looks upon himfelf en-
titled to this, as well as the reft of
the towns in that K. The white
town is pretty well built with brick ;
the rooms lofty, and flat roofs ; but
the black town, in which merchants
and people of every Afiatic nation
almoit inhabit, makes but an indif-
ferent figure, confining chiefly of
thatched cottages j however the
people are very numerous, and fome
of them very rich. In the white
town there is an elegant Engllflu
church, and another for the I'or-
tuguefe Catholics. In the black
town tlicre is an Armenian Chriflian
church, and feveral Pagoda's or In-
dian temples, A univerfal tolera-
tion reigns here ; no difputes about
religion, or riots, or tumults, dif-
tuib the peace of the place j and
robberies and ether difordcrs are
fcarce ever heard of in this pbce.
The unhappicrt people are the com-
pany's foldiers, wlio are prifoncrs
for life, never fuflercd to ftir out
of the town, and whipp'd at a pofl
for evety trivial offence ; though it
muft be confclfed their pay is good,
confidering the cheapnefs of provi-
O 2 fions,
4\
G E
fions, and they are very well cloathcdj
■ every foldicr has a black boy to wiit
on him, and puts on a white /hi;t
every day almod. The government
of the town rcfembles an En^ilift.
corporation, with a mayor and al-
dermen, ai d they have lately re-
ceived an authority from the court
of England, to pvjnifh oftcnders ca-
pitally. The military power is lod-
ged in the governor and council,
who .'ire alio tiie laft refort in civil
caufes. The company have tvvo
chaplains here, who officiate in the
Englifh church by turns, allowing
them a houfe and lOO I. per ann.
and the povernor and council allow
them fo many advantages in tra;!-
or r.jthrr tr.itlic for them, that thcv
generally make a fortune of 10,000 1.
in ten years time. As for making
proselytes, or converting the Indians,
tliii dops not feem to be any part of
their bufinefs ; this is left entirely to
the Popifh miffionaries, who prac-
tifc even upon the flavcs of the Pro-
teftant inhabitants, and make good
Catholics of them. The fahries of
the writers who keep th«, ''^mpany's
accounts are exceeding fmall j they
have only their tabic and 5 1. per
annum, and the fadors 15 1. per
annum j and were they not in ex-
pectntion of riling gradually to better
ports, and had fomething of their
own to fubfift on and traffic with,
few would accept thefe employmentst
The falary of the judge advocate is
but 100 1, per annum, and tlve at-
ttJrney general's 23 I. per ann. but
they rouft have other ways of mak-
ing money, for they all grow rich.
GitoRr, Es (St.) W. Ion. 6^. lat.
"^2. T,c. the largefl of the Bermudn,
or Summer- Iflandp, fit. <;oo m. E.
of Clurles-Town, and the continent
of Amt'ric 1,
Geokoia, in Afia, the ancient I-
beria, is bounded by CirraJii i and IXi-
gcftan on the N. by the Cilpi-in fea on
the t, by Armenia, or Turcomania,
on the S. and by Mingrelia on thcW.
the eaftern and much the largeii di-
vifion is I'ub, to Pcrlu j ikr capital
G E
city Teftis, though I think neiihw
Georgia nor t le arcient Iberia ex-
tended fo far eadward as the Caipian
fea, but it is feparated from it by the
pr. of Cbirvan. it is a mountainous
but fruitful country, producing corn,
wine, and cattle in abundance j and
the difficult accefs of fme of their
mountains has prefervcd them from
being abfolutely fubducd, cither by
the Turks or Perfians j but what
this country is moft remarkable for,
is the beauty of the natives, and
the traffic they carry on with the
Turks and Pci liana for their chil-
'Ircn, who are fold and carried young
to both thefe courts, where they ex-
pert to ho advanced to the greateft
honours j and for this reafon their
parents part with them with joy,
mftead of lamenting their abfcnce.
GtORoiA, an I'lngl.fli planta-
tion in N. America, lies South of
S. Carolina, feparated from it on
the N, by the river Savannah,
boanded by the Atlantic ocean on
the B. by the river of St. John'i,
which divides it from Spanifh Florida,
on the S. and on the W, it has no
other boimds but the territories
claimed by the French of Loui-
flana, am) the Spaniards of Flo«
rida. The river of St. John, which
is the fouthem boundary, lies in 30
dr§rees2i min. N. lat. The land
of Carolina is low near th.' fea, and
covered with wood, but begins to
rife into hills at 25 miles diftante,
and at length terminates in moun-
tains, which run in a line from N.
to S. on the back of Virginia and
Carolina, ending in the pr. of Geor-
gia, about 200 mt from the bay of
Apilliichee, in the gulph of Mexico ;
thcie being a plain country from
the foot of thofe mountains to that
ItM, wh'di msde it neccffary to for-
tify the banks of the rivers Savannah
and Alatamaha, to prevent the in-
curfions of the Spaniards and French
by land. The Savannah is naviga-
ble 600 m. for canoes, and 300 for
boats. The coaft of Georgia is de-
fended from the fury of the ocean,
by
li
G E
G E
by a range of iflands, which run
parallel to it; and both tlie iflands
and continent being well wocded,
the ciiannel between them is ex-
tremely plealant. Thjie aie fand-
banks upwards of 70 rn. tVom the
coaft of Georgia, and the water
Aoals gradually, till you ccme with-
in 6 m. of the land, where the banks
are I'o fliallow, that they bar .tII fur-
ther paliage, except in the channels
which lie between the bars ; and
ihcic were fuppofcd a fufficicnt oc-
fence againft the fleets of an enemy ;
but the Spaniards, it fecms, found
rrieans to pafs the ciiannels and attack
the ifland of St. Simons, in the year
J 7 ^2, which had been loft, with
the town of Frederica, if General
Oglethoip had not defeated their de-
fign by his excellent conduit. When
/h ps have patfcd bars, they meet
with a comrnodinii \ fecurc har-
bour, in the mou . the river Sa-
vannah ; and there is ilill a more
capacious harbour to the S. of it,
called Teky Sound, where there is
anchoring for a large tlcct, in 10 or
14 fathoms water, ?nd land-lock'd,
and a fafe entry throujjh the bar.
T he tides on this coaft generally flow
7 feet. There arc feveral towns al-
ready built in Georgia, by the truf-
tees hir that colony, partic'brJy the
town of Savannah, un the banks of
the river Savannah, and the town of
E'-.inezer on the fame river ; and in
the fouthern divifioii of the pr. is
tiie town of rrcdorica, on the illand
of St. .Simrnj, in the mouth of the
river Alatamaha, and fevi;ial fort?,
for the fccurlty of the ifland .ind ad-
jacent ciiuniry, one of which v. as
abandoned on the mvahon of the
Sf\\niaids, anno 174?- j but thf^y were
obliged to retiie in fon.e diforvlcr, on
the approach of Geneial O^Uthorp.
The country of Georgia is not very
fiuitful, but is a pood biivicr agair.ft
the Trench and Spaniards and their
Indians, which is the realon ttie par-
Itament have granted large fums to
plant and fortify if ; and bad there
not been iooK liiifundetftandingii be-
tween the general and the f^vern-
ment of S.CMi':lina,we fliould by this
time liave fecn it in a condition ti
rcfid any a'.acks of the French and
Spaniards from that quarter. Tiiere
is no d(;u'oL but the Gencial is a mart
of capacity and a brsve foldier, but
he hss not b en fupplicd with forces
equal to his defigns, nor was iic well
feconded by thole who ou^jht to have
fupported him, in the cnterprizes
he was engaged in for the fervicc of
that Country which was muft nearly
concerned in the event.
Geraw, E. Inn, 8. 15. ht, 49.
50, a town of Germany, »n the Ian,
of Hcde Darmflat, lit. 9 m. N, W.
of Darmftat.
Gekgentum, E. Ion, , ,, 30.
lat. 37, 20. a town of Sicii/i, 'k.
in the pr, of Mnzar.;, on rhc S,
(here, 55 m. S, E. of Palermo j the
ancient Agrigcntum.
Gehmains ( St.) E. Ion. 2. e,
lat. 49. a town and royal palace, in
France, fit. on the river Seync, 14
m. N. W. cf Paris. Here K. J.imes
II. of England, ufually refidcd du-
ring hii> cxile,
Germains (St.) W. Ion. 4. ^t»
lat, 50. 25. a borough town of Corn-
wall, fit. 20 m, S. of Launcefton,
and 8 m. \V. ( f Plymouth, near the
Englifli channel j fends two mem-
Lers to parliament.
Germany is firuate between 5
and 19 degrees of E. Ion. and be-
tween 4^ and ^5^ degrees of N. lat.
b'Minded by the German ocean, Dc -
mark, and the Baltic fea on the c'*''.
by Poland and Hungiry (if we in-
clude Bohemia) on the E. by Swit-
zerland and the Alps, which fepavnte
it from Italy, 011 the S. and by the
dominions of France and the Ne-
therlands on ti c W. from whicli it
is fcparated by t!ie rivers Rhine^ Mo-
fellc, and Maes.
It is divided into 10 circles, three
whereof he on the N. viz. 1, thr
cir. of Upper Saxony, 2. the cir, of
Lower Saxony, and 3. the cir. of
"Weltphalia.
Three on the 3. viz. 4. the cir,
O 3 of
■^'h^
.%
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
I.I
1.25
■ 50 ^^
Sf li£ 112.0
21
iiii
1.4
1.6
Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WIST MAIN STRUT
WHSTIR.N.Y. 14SI0
(716) 173-4503
>" «'.
<?
is •
■. 7^-' ■ -■'-.-^■v-.-,>
G E
G E
,
of Auftria, 5, the cir. of Bavaria,
and 6. the cir. of Suabia.
Three about the middle, viz. 7.
the cir. of Franconia, 8. the cir. of
the Upper Rhine, 9, the cir, of the
Lawer Rhine.
10. The cir. of Burgundy, or Bel-
gium, which confifted of the D. of
Burgundy, and the 17 provinces of
the Netherlands ; but the laft have
long been detached from the Empire.
There are in Germany upwards
of 300 fovereign princes and ftates,
moii of them arbitrary in their rc-
fpeftive territories, i. the Emperor,
a. the 9 Electors, 3. the ecclefiarti-
cal Princes, confirting of ArchbiHiops,
EiHiops, Abbots and Abbefles, 4. fe-
cular Princes, confifting of Dukes,
Marquiflfes, Counts, Landgraves,
Earls and Barons, 5, free cities which
are either Imperial or Hans-towns.
The Imperial cities are fovereign
l^ates, and fend their deputies, or
ipprefentatives, to the general diets,
«r parliaments of the empire. The
Hans-towns alfo are fovereign ftates,
not different fiom the other Imperial
Cities at prefent, but were about 200
ycari ago allied or confederated for
their mutual defence, and the pro-
tedVion of their trade, and at firft
confided only of the great fea-port
towns on the German ocean, or the
Baltic fea, and near the mouths of
their great rivers, but afterwards
they took in many inland cities in-
to their alliance, monopolized mcft
of the trade of Europe, and were a
moft formidable maritime power.
Germany 'i generally a level coun-
try towards the N. and E. confiHing
of a barren fand, or marrti : on the S.
it is encumbered with the mountains
of the A!ps, but in the middle of the
country there is a variety of hills,
Tallies, fruitful fields, and meadows;
rfpccially along the banks of their
great rivers, the Danube, Rhine, &c.
Abundance of fine cities, cables and
pilacer, adorn it, and it is much
more populous than France.
Chiulemain, the fon cf Pepin,
K. of Fra;)ce. laid (iu; foundaiiva
it '
of the German empire, in the year
800, being then fovereign of Italy and
great part of SpAin, and the S. of
Germany, as well as France ; the
Empire being afterwards divided a-
mong the pofterity of Chariemain,
the fovereign of Germany and Italy
only retained the title of Emperor,
the Princes of the Empire being then
his valfals. The Imperial crown
was hereditary for 300 years after
Chariemain, when the Pope, to lelfen
the Imperial authority and advance
his own, incited the German Princes
to alter the conftitution, and render
the Imperial crov/n elcftive. And
during the ftruggles between the Em-
peror and the Pope for fuperiority,
feveral fovereign ftates and principa-
lities were ercdted in Italy and Ger-
many, which claimed an indepen-
dency on either.
The Emperors, after the heredi •
tary line was broke, were at firft
cleded by the body of the people,
which occafioned fome confufion,
the nobility and great officers of ftate,
excluded the common people from
their fliare in the eledion, and chofe
the Emperor themfelvcs, and the
number of Eleftors was at length
reduced to feven, vh. the Arch-
bifliops of Mentz, Triers and Co-
logn, the K. cf Bohemia, the D.
cf Saxony, the Palfgrave, or Prince
Palatine of the Rhine, and the
Marquis of Brandenburg ; to whom
the Dukes of Bavaria and Hanover
have been fince added. But not-
withftanrling the Imperial dignity
was elcdivc, tiie Auftrian family
found means to continue it in that
houfe for 300 years, till, for want
of male-ifTucof the houfe of Auflria,
the Elcftur of Bavaria was chofen
Emperor, anno 1742 ; who con-
tending for the hereditary dominions
of the houfe of Auflria, brought
himfclf into great difficulties, ruined
his native country ( f Bavaria, and
after a fhort and troublefome rei^i),
died in his own capital, on the 9th
day of Janunry, anno 1745.
The Emperur it now chvfcp by th^
nine
G E
G E
con-
nions
jught
uintd
and
9th
j thf
mac
nine Ele£lors on a demife, unlefs a
K, of the Romans hath been chofen
in the preceding reign, and then he
fucceeds of couife.
The Emperur is the fountain of
honour in Germany, and difpofes of
almoil all places and honours, civil
and military, except thofe that are
hereditary ; as the great chancellor,
treafurer, &c. which are rather ho-
norary than lucrative pofts.
By the golden bull, the perfon
cledted Emperor, ought to be a
Chriftian Prince, of German extrac-
tion, and 28 years of age, and is ob-
liged to f.gn a capitulation which
the Eleftors prefent him, before he
is inftalled j by which he promiff s
to maintain the rights and privileges
of the £le£tor?, Princes and States
of the empire, that he will not alie-
nate the lands or revenues of the
crown, that he will not introduce
foreign forces, or employ foreigners
in his fervice.
The Emperor's ordinary revenue
arifes fiom the crown lands, fines,
forfeiture;, and conAications, and he
is heir general to all the princes and
nobility of the empire, that leave
no heirs male. There is alfo a tax,
called Roman months, to which all
the princes and flates contribute a
certain proportion, for the fupport
of the government j and all extraor-
dinary taxes are raifed, and forces
for the defence of the empire main-
tained by the feveral Electors, Princes
and States, at their own expcnce ;
or by taxes raifed by the diet, or
general allembly of the Eledtors,
Princes and Stares of the Empire.
They are well able to raifc auvl pay
500,000 men, and were they una-
nimous, would be an overmatch fur
France by land} but this fcarce ever
happens. The French whe» they
enter into war with CJermany, ever
cotrup': foinc of the Princes of the
cmpiir, and bring them over to
their party J or incite the Turk, or
Swede, to make a divcrlion in their
favour.
The diet, or parliament of the
empire, confifls of the Emperor, the
nine Ele<itors, the cccicfuilical and
fecular Princes of the empire, and
the deputies of the towns, who con-
ftitute the legifiature, 10 whnfe laws
all the Princes and States are fubjedt ;
but yet every Eled^or, Prince and
State, are fovereigns in their re-
fpedtive territories, where the diet,
or the fupreme courts of judicature,
do not intevpofe ; for there are two
fuch councils, one called the Aulic
council, and the other the Chamber
of Triers, e?.ch conliiling of fifty
members of the firft quality, fome
appointed by the Emperor, others
by the Eledtors, and the reft by the
feveral circles. The Emperor's re-
venues, as Emperor, are not very
great j but then he is at no charge
in the adminiOration of the govern-
ment, or maintaining forces. Thefe
are provided for by the empire.
And the Auftrian Emperors had ve.
ry confidcrable revenues from their
hereditary countries, which, with
the difpofal of all places of profit,
gave them fuch an influence, that
they were able to keep the poflcflion
of the Imperial throne for 300 years,
and might have kept it much longer,
if there had not been a defe<fl of
male iflue.
The Germans are much divided
in their opinions of religion ; the
principal fe^s ate thofe of the Pa-
pifts, the Lutherans and Calviniftsj
there are a!fo ladcpcndents, Ana-
baptifts, Quaker*, and Chriftians of
every other denomination, and a
multitude of Jews in alt their great
towns. The Emperor is always a
Roman Catholic j Saxony and Bran-
denburg are moft of them Lutherans,
but fome Calvinifts j l-.avaria and
Auftria are Catholics j the Palati-
nate and the Upper and Lower Rhine
are a mixture of' all denomination! j
the Imperial cities are mcrt of thcnr*
Lutherans, and fome Calvinifls : the
two h(k hate and perfecutc one an.
other m^Te than they do the Papiftj.
At the treaty of Munftcr nr Weft-
phalia, anno 1648, the Protcftants
veto
1^
■11
^m
«
■
G E
G E
were not only tolerated, but put on
the (ame foot with the Papifts in
their rei'pef^ive tejritories. But fiom
the icforrnation till that time, they
were almoft- always at war, and fe-
veral 100,000 Chriftians butchered
in the quarrel. When the Prote-
lUnt religion was eftabli/hed by that
treaty, feveral aichbilhoprics, bifliop-
rics and abbies, were lecularized,
converted into Duchies, or Lay- tees,
and applied to the fupport of the
government, with the revenues of
all church lands. The Proteftant
clergy of Germany have neither
glebe or tythes, but depend ou the
bounty of their ierpe(£live govern-
ments for their fupport. inltead of
bilhops, the Lutherans have fuperin-
tendants j and the Calvinif^ chutclics
are governed by their Prefbyters, or
Parilh PrieH's, and Elders, who are
all equal, and claim no fuperiority
over any of their brethren.
Germany produces corn, wine,
oil, ffiecp, black cattle, and an ex-
cellent breed of horfes, fit for the
coach or army, and with thefe the
French ufually remount their cavalry.
The countiy alto produces great
quantities of Aax and hemp, and
they have abundance of good tim-
ber J nor fliould their bacon, beer,
and mum, be forgot j they have alio
mines of iron, copper, and filver,
lead, fait, coal, vitriol, quick-filvor,
ivitre, ocre, and fulphur, and fome
of the bell medicinal fprings and
baths in Europe, as at Pyrmont,
Baden, Aix-la-chapclle, &c. They
have alfo plenty of deer, fith, and
fowl J and their orchards are f'lli of
the betl fruits. The people are ex-
cellent mechanics and chymids : the
invention of printing and gun-pow-
der, is generally alcribed to them ;
clocks, watches, locks, ('words, and
fire-arms, they have alfo brought
to great perfection ; and they have
in a manner monopolized t^ic ma-
Nufafluie of tin plates, or white
iron. They are reckoned good ar-
tiOs at painting and engraving, and
«re exccilcaC engineers. They cany
on their foreign trade by the rivers
Rhine, Elbe, Oder, Weler, and the
Bailie Sea j particularly from the
ports of Hamburgh, Lubcck, Bre-
men, Stetin, &c. and by land with
Italy, Switzerland, France and Hol-
land J they export a good deal of
linen, particularly to England j and
what we call Dutch toys come fjom
hence ; provifions, and confequently
labour, is very cheap, or it could
never turn to account to employ
their hands in fuch trifles.
Germershiem, E, Ion. 8. 15,
Jat. 49. 12, a town of Germany,
in ihs paJ. of the Rhine, fir. on the
W. fide of the river Rhine, 10 m,
E. of Landau, oppofite to Philipf-
burg J fub. to France.
Geri KUDENBURO, E. lon. 4.
45. lat. 51, 40. a fortified town of
the United Netherlands, in the pr,
of Holland, fit. at the E, end of a
iake called the Biciboch, 12 m. S,
E. of Dort, and 9 m. N. of Breda,
fub. to the Prince of Orange. Here
conferences were held between the
French and Dutch, on behalf of the
confederates, to fettle preliminary
articles of peace, anno 1710, when
the French made large conc;;flions,
but they were abruptly broken off
by the iniluence of i'ome who had
an inteicil in prolonging the war.
Gestricia, a pr. of Sweden,
bounded by the pr. of Hdtingia 011
the N. the Bothnic gulph on the E.
by Upland on the S. and Daiecarlia
on the W,
Gevaudan, a ter. of Langue.-
doc, in the S. of France, adjoining
to the Cevcnncs.
Gever, orGoAK (St.) E. lon,
7. 16, lat. 50. 15. a town of Ger-
many, in the cir. of the Upper
Rhine, and ter. of Rhinet'eldcn, fub.
to the Prince of Hefle RhincfielJ,
fit. on the river Rhine^ 15 ni. S. of
Coblenls.
Gex, E. lon. 6, lat. 46. 26. a
town of France, cap. of a bailiwic
on the frontiers of Savoy, 7 m. N.
W. of Geneva, and 43 m. S.E, of
Cii^Ion,
Cmint,
G H
■TjR. 'ir-— ^
G I
4*
of
ions,
oflr
had
on.
jer-
pper
fub.
ielJ,
. of
6. a
I.N.
[. of
NT,
♦ Ghent, or Gaunt, E, Ion.
3-. 36, lat. 51. a city of the Au«
Itrian Netherlands, cap. of the pr. of
Flanders, fit. on 4 navi7,able rivers,
■viz. the Scheld, the Lys, the Lieue,
and the Mourwater, 30 m. N,W.
of Brud'eis, defended by walls and
other fortifications, 12 m. in cir.
befides a caftlc, and ytt of no great
ftiength, there being fuch a variety
of ground, and fo extcnfive, that
it requires an army to defend it.
Above half of the ground within
the walls confifts of fields and gar-
dens. It is divided into 26 iflands
by the rivers and canals which run
thro' it J over which are laid an 100
bridges. This was generally the
w inter quarters of the Englifh foot in
Q^ Anne's wars; there were feme-
times 24 regiments of Englifli in the
place, who had a chapel, and the
Engl nil fervice regularly performed
every Sunday. It is reckoned a
healthful fituation by , the natives,
but there lie buried fome thoufands
of Englifli on St. Peter's hill, be-
fore the great barrack, moft of them
new raifed men, with whom the
climate did not. agree; and indeed
there is ufualiy a great mortality
among the English who are fent to
any foreign country ; 't was ftill
worfe in Ireland, in K, Vvilliam's
wars, after the revolution. There
are 7 pariih churches, and ^5 mo-
nafieries and nunneries; in the great
fquare is the (hitue of the Emperor
Charles V. K. of Spain, who was
born in the ca^le ; and here John
of Gaunt, fon of Edward 111. K. of
England, was born. The filk, li-
nen, and woollen manufactures,
fiuiiri/h here ; they have a great
trade in corn, and it is exceedingly
well fituatcd for a foreign trade, by
the numerous rivers and canals.
The French polfeflcd themfrlves of
this city, and the reft of the town*
in Flanders, on the death uf Charles
II. K. of Spain, in the name of the
D. of Anjou, whom they fet upon
the throne of Spain ; but it fur-
rendered to K. Charles III. and his
confederates, immediately after the
viftory they obtained over the FreiicW
at Ramellies, anno 1706. The
French furprized Ghent again, anno
1708, as they did alfo the city of
Bruges, but the D. of Marlborough
having reduced the city of Lifie, and
invefted Ghent in December follow-
ing, the city furrendered within 2 or
3 days, though the French had an
army of 20,000 men in the place j
and they immediately after evacuated
all the Auftrian Flandeis. It is the
fee of a bifli. and fub. to the houfe
of Auftria ; but the civil government
of the city is lodged in the Burgher-
mafter and Schepins, or the Mayor
and Aldermen. •• >i .•(»*«
Chilian (St.) E. Jon. 5. 45.
lat, 50. 30. a town of the French
Netherlands, in the pr. of Hainalt,
fit. on the river Haine, 5 m. W. of
Mons.
Gibraltar, W. len. 6. lat.
36. a port town of the pr. of An-
dalufia, in Spain, fit. on the ftrait
between the Ocean aiid the Mc"
diterranean, to which it gives its
name. It ftaads at the foot of
mount Caipe, one of HerciUes pil«
iars, about 16 m. N. of Ceuta, in
Africa, 40 S.W. of Cadiz, and 80
S. of Seville. It is built on a roclf^
in a ^eninfula, and cm only be ap.
preached on the land fide, by a very
narrow paflage between the mountain
and the fea, crofs which the Spani-
ards have drawn a line and fortified
it to prevent the garrifon having
any communication with the country.
It was taken hy the confederate
fleet commanded by Sir George Rook,
in two days, anno 1704, The
French and Spaniards attempted tr)
retake it the f.ime yc.ir, and four
or five huncir«'J of them crept up
the rock which covers the town, in
tlie nit;ht-timc, but were drove dawn
headlong the next morninj?. 1 hey
bcficged if again in 1727, but were
forced to raife the ficjic, after they
had lain before it fcveral months.
They attempted at this fiegc to blow
up the rock with gun-powder, but
iuuRd
G I
G I
fctvind it imprafticabic. The flrsit,
to which this town gives name, is
about 24 m. long, and 15 broad, and
there is a ftiong current fets through
it from the Ocean to the Medittera-
nean, which requires a brifk gale to
ftem it. The garrifon of Gibraltar
is cooped up in very narrow limi's,
and the little ground they have
produces fcarce any thing. They
have all their provifion from England
and the coaft of Barbary. The road
is vety unfafe eiihcr againft enemies
ov ftorms. It is made a free port,
and merchants have been invited to
fettle there to little purpcjfe ; but I
think it is made a corprrate town,
and the civil power, at length, put
into the hands of the magiftrates,
there teing fome notorious opprcflions
while the people were under a mili-
tary government.
GiESEN, E. Ion. 8. 30, lat. 50.
35. a town of Germany, in the Ian.
oi Hede-Caflel, fit, on the river
Lohn, go m. N. of Francfort." V"^
GiGLio, £. Ion. 11.45. lat. 42;
a5. an ifland on the coaft of Tuf-
cany, in Italy, 15 m, W. of Porto
Hercole.
GiLAN, E. Ion. 48. lat. 37. a
city of Pcrfia, in Afia, in the pr. of
Cilan, fit. 340 m. N. oi Ifpahan,
«nd 240 m. W. of Afterabat.
Cilan, a Pcrfian pr. which with
the provinces of Tabriltan, or Ma-
BJnderan, and Afterabat, made the
ancient Hircania, are bounded by the
Cafpian, or Hiicanian fea on the N.
by the pr. of Choraflan, or Batlria,
en the E. by the pr. of Eyruci Agem,
the ancient Parthi.i, on the S. and by
file pr. of AJcrbcitzan, andCurdiftan,
the ancient Affyria, on the W.
• Gii. LINO F.N, E. l«>n. 9. lat. 49.
a town of Germanv, in the cir, of
Sjabia, and D, of Wirtemburg, fit.
near tlie river Neckar, 11 m. S.W,
of Hailbron.
Gii.oi.o, an ifland of the Pacific
ocean, having the Phillippine iflandi
on the N. the ocean on the E. the
iflinds of Ceram, Amboyna, and the
Banda iflands on the S. and the
Moluccas and the ifland of Celebef
on the W. extending from one deprive
S. lat. to 2 degrees N, lat. and {tr,in
125 to 128 degrees of E. Ion. It
does not produce any of the fine
fpices, though it lies veiy near tlii
Moluccas and Banda, which yiel<i •
cloves, mace, and nutmegs.
GiLOLo, K. Ion. 325. N. lat,
40 min. capital of the ifi".nd of Gi- »
l')lo, or Batochina, pofrellVd yet by
tlic native Indians, unlcfs the Dutch
have built fome forta there to fecure
their pafTi/ijion of the fpice iHands,
as they hive upon moft of the ad- -
jacent ill mds.
GiNCF.N, E. Ion. 10. lat. 4S. ;
36. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Suabia, 20 m. N. of Uim ; an
imperial city. '
GiNCi, E. Ion. 79. lat. 11. 30.
a town of the Hither India, capital
of a ter. of the fame name in the K.
of Tatijour, near the coaft of Chor- •
mandel, fit. /a m, W. of Fort Stt
David's. Afia. • .<<} . . 'f^/. • j
GlOVANI CASTLI, E. lon. lO.v
lat. 45. a fortrefs of Italy, in the D, ;
of Parma, 10 m. W. of Placencia. r
GiovENAzzo, E. Ion. 17. 30*
lat. 41. 15. a little city and port
town of Italy, in the K. of Naples,
and in the Terra de Barri, fit. on the
gulph of Venice, 12 m. W. of Bar-
ri ; the fee of a birti.
GiR Acc, E. Ion. 16. 31;. lat. 38.
3^. a city and port town of Naples,
in the further Calabria, fit. 36 m.
N. E. of Reggio.
GiRCt, E. Ion. 32. lat. 26. a
city of Upper Egypt, on the W. fide
of the Nile, fit. 250 m. N. of Cairo,
near the place where ancient Thebe$
is fuppofcd to have flood,
GiRONNE, E. Ion. 2. 315. lat,
42. a large city of Spain, in tin; pr.
ol^ Catalonia, fit. on the river Ter,
i^ m. W. of the fea, and 45 m. N.
E. of Barcelona. The fee of a bi(h.
GisBORN, W. Ion. 2. 12. lat,
53. 55. a market town of the W,
riding of Yorkfliire, fit. 50 m. W,
of York.
G I s B R u c II, W. Ion. 4^
min.
G L
G N
es,
the
}ar*
3S.
es,
m.
a
fide
iro.
lat.
pr.
N.
liHi.
Ibr.
w.
Iw.
4S
mln. lat. 54. 35. a market town of
the N. ridiiic; ot Yorkfliire, fit. 37
m. N. of York.
GisoRs, £. Ion. T. 45. lat. 49.
25. a city of France, in the pr. of
Normandy, fit. 28 m. S. E. of
Roan.
GivET, E. Ion. 4. 45. lat. 50.
10. a town of the bifh. of Liege, lit.
on the £. fide of the river Maes, 20
m. S. of Namur.
GiuLA, £. Ion. 21. 35. lat. 46.
38. a city of Hungary, in the co. of
Waradin, fit. on the lake Zarkad,
55 in.N.VV. of Temcfwaerj fub, to
the houfe of Auftria,
Gi us I AND 1 1., E, Ion, 24. lat.
43. a town of European Turky, in
the pr, of Servia, fit, 50 m. E. of
N 1(1,1.
Glamorgan, a co. of S.Wales,
bounded by Brecknock/hire on the
N. and Urili;ol channel on the S. the
chief city LandalT.
Gland IVES, E. Ion. 6. 40. lat.
44. a city of France, in the pr. of
Provence, fit. on the river Var, 26
m. N.W. of Nice j the fee of a bifli,
Claris, one of the cantons of
Switzerland, bounded by Zurich on
the N. by the Grifons on the E. by
Uri on the S. and the can, of Swifle
on the W.
Glaius, E. Ion. 9. lat. 47. cap.
of the can. fit. 3^^ m. S. E. of Zu-
rich. '1 he inhabitants both PopiHi
and Proteftajit.
Glasgow, W. Ion, 4. 8. lat.
55. 50. a large city of Scotland, in
the (hire of Clydefdale, fit. on the
river Clyde, 20 m. N.W. of Lanerk,
and 40 m. W. of Edinburgh ; one of
the mort elegant towns in Scotland,
and has a very good foreign trade.
It was the (ec ot an arthb. at the
revolution, 16SS.
Glastonbury, W. Ion. 2.
46. lat. 51. 15. a market town of
Somcrfctlhirej f .. 5 in. S. of Wells,
where once a rich abbey ftood, built
in memory of Jofcph of Arimathca,
who converted the Britons, according
to tradition j and here is laid to have
been the miraculous thorn, which
blolfomed annually at Chridmas.
The laft abbot of this place was
hanged by K. Henry VIII. for not
acknowledging his fupremacy, and
the lands of the monaftery feized by
theK,
Glatz, £, Ion. 16. 8. lat. 50,
25. a city of Bohemia, fit; at the
foot of the mountains which divide
Bohemia from Silefia, 100 m. E. of
Prague, the capital of the co. of
Glatz, and was poflelfed by the K,
of Pruflin, anno 1741, and confirmed
to him by a fubfequent treaty, by
the Q^of Hungary.
Glockster, the capital city of
Glocefterfhire, W. Ion. 2. 16. lat.
51, 50. fit. on the river Severn, 90
m. W. of London. Here Robert
Duke of Normandy, eldelt fon of
William the Conqueror, was buried,
after he had been prilbner 26 years
in Cardiff Caftle. William Duke of
Glocefter, the only furviving fon of
Qj^Anne, took his title from this
city. It fends two members to par-
iiainent.
Glogaw, E. Ion. 16. S. lat, 51.
40. a city of Silefia, fit. on the
river Oder, 45 w. N. W. of Bre-
fiaw, taken by the K, of Pruflia,
anno 1741, and confirmed to him
by a fubfequent treaty with the Q.
of Hungary.
Glogaw the lesser, E. Ion,
17. 20. lat. 50. 20. a town of Siltfia,
fit. 50 m. S, of Breflaw, and 20 m.
N. of Tropaw, poflefitd by tiic K,
of Piiifha,
Gluckstat, E. Ion. 9. lat,
54. 20, a fortified town of Ccimany,
in the D. of Holfiein, fit. on the E.
fi;lc of the river Elbe, near its mouth,
30 m. N.W. of Hambuigh, and
fub, to the K. of Denmark ; who
attempted lo make all fhips pay toll
here, which pafi'ed up the liver Elb*,
but the powers of Europe would not
fubmit to it,
Gnesna, E. Ion. 18. lat. 53,
the capital city of Great Poland, lit.
XIOO). W. gf Waifawj the Ice of
I
G O
G O
%t\ archb. who is always Primate of
PolanJ. It was the firil city that
was built in the K.
GoA, E. Ion. 73. ao. lat. 15. ao.
a great city and fea port of the Hither
Iniiia, in Afia, tit. oa the Malabar
coaf):, in the K. of Decan, or Viiia-
pour, tii^ capital of the Portuguefe
fettlemtnts in India. It ftands on
an ifland of the river Mandoua, about
8 m. fronn the mouth of it, and by
the (Irength of its fit. and the for-
tifications the Portuguefe have added
to it, has been able to defend itfelf
both againft the Dutch and the na-
tives, who have beficged it feveral
time!!. The ifland it ilands upon is
%4 m. in circumference, and the
hills, which furround it at a little
diftance, on the neighbouring conti-
nent, render it very hot and un-
healthful. The town is about t m,
in length, and half a one in breadth,
and is not only fortified with walls
and ramparts, but the whole ifland
is furruunded by a wall, baflions,
and other modern works, which
fccures their fields and gardens from
the incurfions of enemies ; and in-
deed, the Portuguefe have fortified
the banks of the river from the very
mouth of it, with redoubts and
batteries of guns, which make the
attacking of it more difficult than
any other town in India. Nor is
the country between the town and
the fea more fecure than it is plea-
fant, being full of country feats and
Villages, well planted with all fuch
fruits as are found between the
tropics. The Viceroy, who refides
in this city, commands all the fettlc-
inents the Portuguefe are mafters of
from the Cape of Good Hupe to
China, which are very numerous j
and the clergy m the Poituguefe
towns and fettlements in Afja, and
the Eaft coafl of Africa, are hib. to
the archb. of Coa. The buildings
of this city are uf flone, and very
magnificent. They have abundance
of convents and nunneries here, and
1: is lurprixing to fee what numbers
of monks, jind other Popifh eccle-
fiatlics, there are in this city, and
on the coart of Malabar and Golcon-
da J but they do not make many
profelytes among the Indian pagans,
and as for the Mahometans, who
have the gove»nment in their hands,
it is as much as a mifTionary's life
is worth to attempt to make a con-
vert of any of them : their labours
are chiefly bellowed on the flaves
and dependants of the European fac-
tories and fettlements on thefe coafts,
for the Proteftants having few or
no mi/Tionaries in India, permit the
Popifh Priefts ta make as many con-
verts to Chriftiamty as they can in
their own way,
GoCH, E. Ion. 5. 36. lat. 51.
36. a town of the D. of Cleeve, in
Germany, in the cir. of Weilphalia,
fit. 7 m. S. of Cleeve, but I think
fub. to the Dutch.
GODALMING, or GODLAMUNB,
W. Ion. 40 *rin. lat. 51. 42. a mar-
ket town of Surrey, 30 m. S. W. of
London.
Goes, E. Ion. 3. 45. lat. 51.
30. a port town of the United Pro-
vinces, capital of the ifland of S.
Boveland, in the pr. of Zeland, 10
m. E. of Middleburg, and 13 m. W,
of Bcreen op-zome.
Gog MAGOG Hills, 3 m. S.
E. of Cambr'dgc, remarkable for
the inttenchments and other works
caft up here, which make it con-
jectured that here was a Roman
camp, or f^ation ; but others afcribe
them to the Danes j probably it was
pofTefTed by both, as an advantageous
camp which commands the country,
and a fine dry carpet turf, equal to
that of New- Market, where the
Cantabrigians have an opportunity of
taking the air in winter, an honeft
gentleman having left an eflate to
keep the road always good to the
hills } and here Earl Godolphin has
a hunting feat, where he keeps his
race-horfes ; but it is mofl admired
for his elegant library.
CoiTo, £, Ion. XI. lat. 45. 16.
a
G O
G O
in
Icon-
)man
fcribe
was
>eous
Intry,
|al to
the
Ity of
loncrt
Ite to
the
has
his
iired
I. i6.
A city of Italy, in the D. of Mantua,
fit. on the Mincio, or Meazo, lo
m. N. W. of Mantua.
GoLcoNDAy a pr. of the Hither
India, in Afia, bounded by the pr. of
Orixa, on the N. by the bay of Bengal
on the E. by Bifnagar on the S, and
by Decan on the W. being about 3C0
tn. long and zoo broad, not Jong
fince an independent K. and one
of the richeft in India, the diamond
mines being fit. here ; the large flones
vhereof incited the Great Mogul,
Aureng-Zebe, to make a conqueft
of it, about 80 years ago, and it is
Dow Tub. to the Mogul.
GoLcoNDA, E. Ion. 77. ht. 16.
this was the capital of the K. and
r-fidence of their Kings, 'till the
Mogul made a conqued of it. The
Englifli, and other European nations,
have fettlenTiCnts on this coa(^, from
whence they import the-fineft cali-
coes and chints, as well as diamonds,
the latter being ufually purchafed
of the black merchants, who buy
"parcels of ground in the mines at
a venture, and make the mod of
them, fometimes they find fcarce
any, and ruin their families by ven-
turing too great fums, but oftner
make their fortunes by this traffic.
The town of Golcanda lies about 200
m. N. W. of Fort St. George.
Goldberg, E. Ion. 16. laf. 51.
6. a town of Silefia, in the D. of
Lignitz, fit. 36 m. W. of Breflaw,
in the poHeflion of PruHTia.
Gold Coast of Guiney, in
Africa, fit. between z degresE. and
4 degrees W. Ion. and in 5 degrees
N. lat. where the Englifli, French,
and Dutch, have forts and fettlements.
GoLOEK ISLAND, W. lon, 79.
lat. 9. an ifland at the mouth of the
river, or gulph of Darien, in the
pr. of Terra Firma, in S. America,
where the Scots attennpted to mVike
a fettlerr>ent, in the beginning of the
reign of William III. anno 1698 j
'biit finding it a barren fpot of ground,
they pofleded themfelves of an Ifth-
iiius on the o£f ofite fliore, on the
i^i'i
continent, in a good foil, and natti^
rally fo Arong, that the Spaniards
could not have difpofTefied them, if
the Englifh had not- contributed to
their misfortune.
GoLDiNGfN, E, Ion. 22. lat»
57. a city of Poland, in the D. of
Courland, 60 m. W. of Mittau.
GoLETTA, E. lon. 10. lat. 36^
a fortrefs and iHand in Africa, at
the entrance of the bay of Tunis,
and about 10 m. N. of that city,
taken by Chariei V. when he at-
tempted the fiege of Tunis, and
held by the Chridians feveral years
after.
GoLNAw, E. lon. 15. 7. lat. 53,
40. a city of Brandenburg Pomera-
nia, 15 m. N. £>. of Stetin ; fub. to
Pruflia.
GoMBRON, E. Ion- 55. 30. lat,
27, 30. the greatcft fea-port town
in Perfia, fit. in the pr, of Fars, or
Farfiftan, on the ftrait, at the en-
trance of the gulph of Perfia, op-
pofite to the ifle of Ormus, on the
ruin whereof this town rofe j and
the Englifh aflifting the Perfians in
taking the ifie of Oimus from the
Portuguefe, (then one of the greatcft
marts in the E.) the government
allowed the Englifh fome extra-
ordinary privileges, and half the
cuftoms of the port ; and 'till very
lately, a great fum in lieu of them.
It ftands about 30 m. N. E. of the
Arabian coart, and a> >♦ 300 m. S.
E. of Schiras. Befiocs the native
Perfians, it is inhabited jy EngliA,
Dutch, Poituguefe, Arabs, Jews,
Armenians, Indians, Kanians, and
foveral other nations, of which the
Armenians and Kanians arc much
the greatcft traders. It is an un-
heaithful place, which occafiont
moft of the inhabitants to remove
into the ccuntty dutlng the hot
feafon, the winter being the time
for traffic. The gains that are made
by the Englidi Eaft-India company,
in carrying the merchandise of the
Armenians, Moors, Banians, &c,
from Combron to Surat, li one
P great
«
]
■^|-
G O
G O
great branch of the company's pro-
fit J they feldom fend a fiiip from
Gombron to Surat, but fhe is as
deep Jaden as /he can fwim with
their effefts, befides paflengers, and
a vaft quantity of treafure on board,
Ibmetimes of the value of two or
three hundred thoufand pounds. This
traffic has been difcontinucd feme
timet
GoMERA, W, Ion, i8. lat. 28.
one of the Canary iflands, fit. W.
of TenerifF, and 200 miles W. of
cape Bajadore, in Africa j fubje£l to
Spain.
CoMORRo ISLANDS, fit. be-
tween the N. end of Madagafcar,
and Zanguebar, in Africa, and be-
tween 10 and 13 degrees of S. lat.
the chief ifland Joanna, where E.
India fliips ufually touch in their
voyages to and from Bombay, and
the Malabar or weftcrn coaftof India.
Good Hope Cape. See Bon
£SPERANCE.
GoR, E. Ion, S5. lat. 31. X5. cap.
of the pr. of Gor, in the E. Indies,
fit. 360 m. N. E. of Pelly, fub. to
the Mogul.
Gor CUM, E. Ion. 4. 50. lat.
51. 50. a city of the United Provin-
ces, in the pr. of Holland, fit. on the
xiverWaal, 22 m. E. of Rotterdam.
GoREE, E. Ion. 3. 50. lat. 51.
55. capital of the ifland of Goree,
in the United Provinces, and pr. of
Holland, fit. 8 m. S. of the Briel,
GoREE, W. long. 17. 40. lat.
15. a fmall ifland near CapeVerd
in Africa, in the pofleHion of the
French.
Corgona, W. Ion. 79, lat. 3,
30. a fmall ifland in the Pacific
Ocean, fit. 12 m. W. of the coaft
of Peru, in S. America ; a high
woody ifland, with a good harbour,
and good water. Hither the Buc-
caneers, and other adventurers, re-
fort to wait for prizes, and for wood
and water ; the Spaniards not having
thought fit to plant a colony here,
though they come hither fomctimes
after the rainS; to fearch the rivuleU
for gold;
GORGOKA, E. Ion, 10. 50, lilt.
43. 20. an ifl.md in the Miditerra-
nean, fit. 25 m. W. of Leghorn and
the coaft of Tufcany,
GoRiTiA, orGoRiTz, E. Ion.
14. lat. 46. '. o, a town of Ger-
many, in the cir, of Auftria, and
D. of Carniola, fit. near the con-
fines of Venice, 35 m. S. W. of
Laubach.
GoRLiTz, E. Ion. 15. 6. lat,
51. 12. a city of Germany, in the
mar. of Lufatia, fit. 50 miles E. of
Drefden j fubjedl to the Ele£lor of
Saxony.
GosLAR, E. Ion. 10. 30. lat.
52. a city of Germany, in the cir,
of Lower Saxony, and D. of Brunf-
wic, fit. 30 m. S. of Brunfwic, con-
fiderable for its filver and lead mines.
Moft of the inhabitants are miners,
and employed in digging, cleaning,
tempering, or vending their metals
and manufa£lures of hard ware. It
is an imperial city, or fovereign ftate,
governed by its own magiftrates,
tho' furrounded by the territories of
Brunfwic.
GOSTAVIN, orGosTiviN, E.
Ion. 20. lat. 52. 45. a town of Great
Poland, in the pal. of Rava, fit. 40
m. N. of Rava.
GoTHA, E. Ion, 10. 36. lat. 51.
a city of Germany in the cir. of
Upper Saxony, capital of the D. of
Saxe-Gotha, and fub. to the D. bro-
ther of the Princefs of Wales, who
keeps a very elegant court here.
Gothland, the moft foutherh
pr, of Sweden, being a Peninfula
encompalfed on three fides by the
Baltic fea, or the channel at the
entrance of it. The fubdivifions of
it are E.Gothland, and W. Goth-
land, Smaland, Halland, Bleking,
and Schonen.
Gothland, an ifland in the
Baltic fea, fit. between the pr. of
Gothland and Livonia ; fubjeA to
Sweden,
GOTTENBURG, £. lon. II, 30,
lat. 58. a port town of Sweden, in
the pr. of W. Gothland, fit. on the
coaft of the Schag^crack fea, near
♦ the
G R
G R
lern
^fula
the
the
«of
|oth«
:'mg,
the
of
to
30.
. in
the
1 near
the
the entrance of the Bahic, 200 m.
S. W. of Stockhohn, and '^,0 N.
of Copenhagen j a commcdiovis har-
bour, and the beft fituated for a fo-
reign trade, of any port in Sweden,
lying without the Sound.
GOTTINGEN, E. Ion. 9, 45.
lat. 51, 32. a city of Geimany, in
the cir. ol Lower Saxony, and D.
of Brunfwic, fit. on the river Lcyne,
4.0 m. S. of Hildeflicim. Here his
prefent Majefty K. George II. has
lately eiedtcd a univerfity.
GoTTORP, E. Ion. 10. lat. 54,
40. a cjty of the D. of Slefwic, or
S. Jutland, in Denmark, capital of
tlie D. of Holftein Gottorp's terri-
tories, where he has a fine palace j
fit. 10 ra. W. of Slefwic.
GouDK, E. Ion. 4. 35. lat. 5a.
c. a city of the United Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Holland, fit. so
n». N. E. of Rotterdam.
CoL'pKURST, E. Irn. 25 min.
Jat. 51. 8. a market town of Kent,
fir, 9 m. S, W. of Maidftonc.
Gov ER NOLO, E. Ion. 11. 20.
lat. 45. 8. a town of Italy, in the D.
cf Mantua, tit. lo m. S. £. of Man-
tua ; fub. to the houfe of Auftria.
Grabow, or Grubow E. Ion.
IT. 36. lat 53. 32. a town of Ger-
many, in the cir. of Lower Saxony
and D. of Mecklenburgh, fit. 20 m.
S. of Swerin.
Grace, E. Ion. 6. 50. lat. 43.
40. a city of France, In the pr. of
Provence, 52 m. N. E. of Tculon,
and 15 m. S. W. of Nice j ;he fee
of a biihop.
Gradiska, E. Ion. 18. latt 45.
33. a city of Sclavonia, fit. on the
river Save, 25 m. W. of Pofega j
fub. to the houfe of Auftria.
Gsado, E. Ion. 13. 40. lat. 46.
an Italian iHand, fit. at the bottom
of the gulph of Venice, 35 m. N,
E. of Venice.
Graies, E. Ion. 16 min, lat.
51. 28. a market town of Effex, fit.
on the river Thames, ly m, E. of
London.
Grammont, E. Ion. 3. 50.
lat. 50. 55^ a town of the Auftriaa
Netherlands, in the pr. of Flanders,
fit. on the river Dender, 17 m. S,
E. ot Ghent,
Grampound, W, Ion. 5. 25.
lat. 50. 20. a borough town of Corn-
wall, lit. 38 m. S.W. of Launcefton,
fends two members to parliament.
Gran, E. Ion. 18.40. lat. 48.
a city of Lower Hungary, i\i' on the
Danube, 30 m. N. W. of Buda,
The fee of an archb. fubjeft to the
houfe of Auftria.
Granada, W. Ion. 3.40' ^^»
37. 15. the capital city of the pr. of
Granada in Spain, fit. 200 m. S. of
Madrid, and 65 N. E. of Malaga.
The fee of an archb. and univ.
Granada, W. Ion. 61. 30.
lat. 12. 15. the moft foutherly of
the Caribbce iflands, fit. in the At-
lantic Ocean, in America, 150 m,
S, W. of Barbadoes.
Granada, apr. of Terra Firma,
in S. America, bounded by the pr. of
Cartagena and St. Martha's on the
N. Venezuela on the E. Popoyan on
the S. and Daricn on the W. The
chief town St. Fe de Bagota.
Granada, a pr, of Spain, is
bounded by the pr. of Andalufia, on
the N. by Murcia and the Mediter-
ranean Sea on the E. by the fame
fea on the S. and by Andalufia on
the W.
Granada, W. Ion. 89. lat. 11.
8. a city of Mexico, in N, Ame-
rica, in the pr. of Nicaragua, fit.
on the S. fide of the lake of Nica-
ragua, 45 m, W. of the city of
Nicaragua.
Gkanadillos, W. Ion. 6r,
lat. between 12 and 13 N. fome
iflanJs of the Caribbees, in the At-
lantic Ocean, having the ifland of
St. Vincent on the N. and Granada
on the S. fo inconfiderable that no
nation has thought them worth
puHefling.
Grande, a river of Brazil, in
the pr. of Del Rey, in S. America,
which difcharges itfeh ij>to the At-
lantic Ocean, in 51 degrees W. Ion.
and 32 degrees of S. lat.
Grande, the S. branch of the
P i river
.ii
G R
G R
tivtr Niger, in Africa, which dif-
chargrs itfelf into the Atlantic ocean,
i n 1 5 degrees W. Ion. and 1 1 degrees
N. lat.
Grandents, or Gr audknts,
Ite Ion. 19. lat. 53. 30. a city of
Poland, in the pr, of Regal Pruffia,
iit. on the river WeileJ, 100 m.
N. W. of Warfaw, and 42 m, S.
of Dantzick.
Grandpre, £. Ion. 4. 50. lat.
49. 18. a town of France, in the pr.
©f Champain, 30 m. E. of Rheims.
Granicuc, a little river near
the Hellefpont, in the Lefler Afia,
where Alexander fjughtthe firft bat-
tle, with the forces of Darius.
Grakt, the ancient name of the
liver Cam, on which Cambridge
ftands, and Grantcefter was a caille
that ftood upon the fame river, an-
ciently, where the village of Gran-
cherter now (lands probably. *
Grantham, W. Ion, 40 min,
br. 52. 50. a borough town of
Lincolnihire, fit. zz m. S. of Lin-
coln j f«nds two members to parlia>
ment, and gives the title of Earl to
the noble family of Auverkirk.
Ghanvilli, W. Ion. 1, 35,
tat. 48. 50. a port town of France,
in the pr. of Normandy, fit. on the
X. channel, 50 m. S. W. of Caen j
from whence the noble family of
Carteret take the title of Earl.
^ Gratias a D108, W. Ion,
S4. lat. 14. 30. a cape, or pro-
montory in the pr, of Honduras, in
Mexico, in N. America, to which
Columbus gave this name, on find-
ing the winds favourable.
Cratiosa, W. Ion. 29. lat,
39. one of the iflands of the Azores,
fit. in the Atlantic Ocean, W. of
the ifland of Tercera,
Gratz, E. Ion. 15. 55. lat.
47. 20. a city of Germany, in the
cir. of Auflria, capital of the D. of
Stiria, fit, on the river Muer, 65 m.
S, of Vienna, a ftrong city, where the
court of Vienna were retiring when
threatned with a fiege.
Grave, £. Ion. 5. 45* lat. 51.
50* a ftxong city of the NecherUadS}
in the pr. of Dutch Brabant, fit. on
the river Maes, 8 m. S. of NJmeguen,
fub. to the Dutch.
Gravslin, £, Ion. 2. lat. 50.
56. a port town of the French Ne-
therlands, fit. near the mouth of the
river Aa, and the EngliHi channel,
12 m. S. W. of Dunkirk, and 8 m,
E. of Calais.
Gravenec, E. Ion. 9. 15. lat.
48, 22. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Suabia, capital of the co. of
Gravenec, fit. 30 m. W. of Ulm.
Grave SEND, £. Ion. 25 tnin.
lat. 51. 25. a port town of Kent,
fit. on the S, fiiore of the river
Thames, oppofite to Tilbury Fort,
and 30 m. E. of London, where fhipa
ire cleared before they put to fea.
Gravina, E. Ion. 17. lat. 41.
a city of Naples, in the ter. of Barri,
27 m, S. W, of Barri. The fee of
-abifliop. •=:'■'' nocjij ^.n..M -^ui '■■
Grav, E. Ion. 5. 32. iaf. 47.
30. a city of France, in the pr. of
Franche Compte, fit. on the river
Soane, 22 m. N. W. of Befanyon.
Greece, the prefent Rumelia,
and the ancient Hellas, is fit. between
20 and 26 degrees of E. Ion. and %6
and 44 degrees of N. lat. lounded by
Romania, or Thrace, Bulgaria and
Servia, towards the N. by the Ar-
chipelago on the E. by the Mediter-
ranean on the S. and by the Adria-
tic, or gulph of Venice, on the W.
being about 400 m. long from N, to
S. i. e. from the mountains ot Ar-
gentum, or Scodras, to Cape Mata-
pan, or Caglia, in the Morea, and
near as much in breadth, viz. from
the Adriatic fea to the Archipelago ;
generally a temperate, healthful
country, and fruitful foil j eminent
anciently for the wit and learning of
the inhabitants, and for their great
a£lions, and the numerous heroes it
has produced ; now fub. to the bar-
barous Ttirk, who has deftroyed
mod of the fine cities it contained,
and introduced a deluge of ignorance
into thofe admired feats of learning
and politeneis.
Grbsnlakd. W&ST7 according
A9» 4°'
cir, of
G R
G R
»rding
to our maps, extends from the meri-
dian of London to 50 degrees of W,
Ion. and from 60 to 80 degrees of N.
lat. Cape FarewtAi being the mufl
foutherly point of land. This country
has a barbarous kind of inhabitants,
iind the Danes have fome colonies
here, claiming the dominion of this
part of the world ; and they have
ient fome miilionaries thither, to
make profelites of the Pagan inha-
bitants, who have met with fome
fuccefs they tell us. But the people
feem to be (0 untra£lable generally,
and the foil and climate fo unkind,
that no nation will ever endeavour
Jto deprive the Danes of their poflef-
iion 'tis prefumed. The fi/hery on
the coaft feems to be all that's worth
contending for j and this the Dutch
make very free with, notwithftand*
ing the reprefentations and menaces
of the Danes upon that head. See
Groenland.
Greenvtich, a town of Kent,
iit. on the river Thames, 5 m. E.
of London ; eminent for its royal and
magnificent hofpita), ereiled for de-
cayed feamen who have ferved their
country, and for its palace and moft
delightful park. ''i^an
Gkenoble, £. Ion. 5.28. lat.
45. 12. a city of France, c^-^ital of
the pr. of Dauphinc, fit. on the river
Ifere, 45 m. S, E. of Lyons, 36 m.
S. W. of Chamberry, and 100 m.
W. of Turin.
GREENOCK, a port town of Scot-
land, in the co. of Renfrew, near
the mouth of the river Clyde, being
.the principal ftation for the herring
fishery.
Grimsbv, £. Ion. 4 min. lat.
53. 34. a borough and port town of
Lincolnftire, fit. at the mouth of the
Humber, 30 m. N. E. of Lincoln.j
fends two members to parliament.
Grimberg, E. lon.^ 4. 15. lat.
50. 55. a town of the Auftrian Ne-
therlands, in the pr. of Brabant, Ht.
.5 m , N. of Bruflels.
Gr JMPBERG, E. Ion. 6. jx). lat.
49. 40. a city of Germany, in the
cir* of the Lower Khme m^ X, of
Triers, fit. 17 m. S, E. of Triers,
The fee of a bifli. fub. to the Elcaor.
Grinstead East, under the
meridian of London, lat. 51. 8. a
borough town of Su(Tex, fir. 24 m,
S. of London, and 16 N. of Lc\^s-}
fends two .nembers to parliament.
Gripswalr, E. Ion. 13. 40. lat.
54. 15. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Upper Saxony, and pr. of Swe-
dish Pomerania, fit. on a bay of the
Baltic fea, 18 m. S. E of Stralfund.
Grisons, allies of Switzerland,
their country fit. between 9 and ix
degrees of E. Ion. and between 45
and 47 degrees of N, lat. bounded
by Tyrol and part of Switzerland on
the N. by Tyrol and Trent on the E,
by Italy on the S* and the Swifs
cantons on the W. being of a circular
form almoft, about 60 m. over eU
ther way,
Grodno, £. Ion. 24. lat. 53.
40. a great city of Poland, in the
pr. of Lithuania, and pal. of Troki,
fit, on the river Niemen, or Bcre-
2eni, 80 m. S. W. «f Wilna.
Groendale, £. Ion. 4. 25.
lat. 50. 45. a town of the Auftri.nn
Netherlands, fit. at the head of the
river Yfche, in the pr. of Brabant,
6 m. S. £. of BruHels.
Groenland, or Spitzbsr-
GEN, fit. between 10 and 30 de-
grees of E. Ion. and between 77 and
82 degrees of N. lat. a cold mifera-
ble country, without inhabitants,
and very few animals, or vegetables.
The animals are chiefly deer, bears,
foxes, wild-fowl, and fi/h. But fifh
and fowl forfake them in the winter,
when there is a night of four
months, and all waters frozen up.
Here the the Dutch fi/h for whalei
with great fuccefs, about Midfum-
mer, and enjoy continual day, the
fun being above the horizon all the
24 hours, for four months together.
The Dutch have attempted to fet-
tle colonies here twice, but all their
people periibed in the winter. Oa
the other hand, eight Engliflimen
were left here, by accident, all win-
ter^ without pioviUoASi and ytt
P 3 iwai
la
if
;
'■\ I
G R
G U
foMni tftaans to preferre themCeWeSf
till the flapping returned next fum-
mer. The Englifli firft began the
-whale-finery here, but the Dutch
have long fince beaten them out of
it. Whether Eaft -Greenland be a
continent or ifland, is uncertain,
fome imagine it to be contiguous to
* "Weft-Greenland, but never any man
made the experiment.
Groll, £. Ion. 6. 40. lat. 52.
12. a town of the United Provinces,
in the pr. of Gelderlaj^d, flt^ 2,1 tn,
E. of Zutphen. ' ""' ■ - •
Groningen, one of the feven
United Provinces, bounded by the
German ocean on the N. by the
PoUart bay, which feparates it from
Embdeo, or Eaft-Friefland, on the E.
by the pr. of OverynTel on the S.
«nd by "ihe pr, of Weft-Fricfland on
the W. fub. to the Dutch,
Groningcn, £, Jon. 6. 40.
lat, 53, 40. the cpn'tal of the pr. of
Groningen, (it. jo m. E. of Lewar*
den, and 25 S. W. of Embden.
Grossetto, E. Ion. 12. laf.
42. 40. a city of Italy, in the D. of
Tufcany, fit, on the bay or lake
Caftiglio, 55 m, S. of Florence.
Gkotska,E. lon.jy. lat, 50.40.
« city o( Silefia, capital of the D. of
Grot/ka, Ht. 3c. m. S. of Breflaw.
Grotska, £. Ion. 2t. lat. 45.
a town of European Turky, in the
pr. of Servia, fit. 20 m. S. E. of
Belgrade ; where a battle was fought
i»etwcen the Germans and Turks,
anno 1739, ^^ which the Germans
were forced to retreat with lofs.
Ghoyne, See Corun>i>\, a
port of Spain.
GRUBCNHAeXN, E. lOH. 9. 36.
lat. 51. 45. a town and caiUe of
Germany, in the rir. of Lower
SuKony, and D. of Brunfwic, fit. 60
111. S.W. of Brunfwic, and 45 S. of
Hanover. There arc mines of filver,
copper, iron, and Lead, in the adja.
tent mountains, which are covered
with wood, fome remains of the
Hercanian foref^. The people of
ikia and the nei^hbovuing country
mc aU miMN»
GvAvAt Ay I AtL, a river of
Spain, which rifes in the pr. of Ar*
ragon, and runs S. E. thro' the pr.
of Valencia, falling into the Medi-
terranean, a little bek>w the city of
Valencia.
Guadalajara, W. Ion. io9.
lat. 20. 45. a city of Mexico, in
N. America, capital of the pr. of
Guadalajara, or New Galicia^ fit*
250 m. W. of Mexico.
GUAOALAXARA, W. lott, J.
50. lat. 40, 40. a city of Spain, ift
the pr. of Ncw-Caftile, fit. on the
river Henares, 2S m. N. W, of
Madrid.
Guadalupe, W. Ion. 61. laf.
16. 30. one of the largeft of the
Caribbee iflands, fit. in the Atlantic
ocean, So m. N. of Martinko, fub^
to Fiance. ' •''
GwADA«AMA,W,i"^^i.4. 45. lat.
40. 45. a town of New Caftile, ia
Spain, fit. 23 m. N. W, of Madrid.
GuADTANA, a river of Spain,
rifes in the middle of Ncw-Caftile,
and running S. W. by Calatrava and
Cividad Real, palfes on to the city
of Merida, in Efiremadara ; and en-
tring Portugal near Elvai, runs S.
through the provinces of Alentejo tni
Algarva, difcharging itfelf into the
Atlantic ocean at Aymonte.
GuAniLBARFAR, a rivcr of A-
frica, which rifes in the mountains
of Atlas, and runs from S. to N. thro*
the K. of Tunis, falling into the Me-
diterranean fea, near Bona.
GUADILQ.UIVER, a rivcr pf
Spain, V^hich rifes in the mountains
of Segura, ia New-Ciftile j runs S.
W. the whole length of Andalufia,
and pafiing by Coiduua and Seville,
falls into the Atlantic ocean at Sf.
Lucar, a little North of the bay of
Cadiz.
GuADix, W. Ion. 3. lat. 37«t5»
a city of Spain, in the pr. ot Gra-
nada, fit. 35 m. £. of Granadd,
The fee of a bifli.
GuALPoR, E. Ion. 79. lat. 2<(.
a city of the Hither India^ capital
of th^ pr. of Gualeor, fit. 40 m. ik
%i Ay«» Alia*
CVAM,
G U
G U
t. l^»
capital
rVAM»
. GvAM> E. Ion. 140. I9t. 14. the
chief of the Ladrone iflands, in the
Pacific Ocean, where the Spaniar<|s
and other natioas ufually touch for
provifioDSy in their vuyages from A«
merica to Afia.
GuAMANGA, W. ion. 72* 30*
Jat. 12. a city of Peru, in S. Ame«
rica, fit. £00 m. £. of Lima.
Guam I HAN I, or St. Salvador,
aow called Catt-ifland, W. Ion. 76,
Jar. 24. one of the Bahama iflands,
in the Atlantic Ocean, in S, Ame-
rica, fit. 200 m. £. of the idand of
Providence. This was the firft land
Columbus difcovered in N. America,
anno 1492 ; he called it St. Salvador,
his crew giving themfclves over for
loft in a boundlefs ocean, till they
iaw this land.
GuANuco, W. Ion. 75. S. lat.
JO. a town of Peru, in $. America,
fit. 180 m. N.E. of Lima.
GuAROA, W. Ion, 7. 15. lat.
40. 40, a city of Portugal, in the pr.
or Beira. fit. 65 m. £. of Coimbra.
GUARDA rZU CAPK, £. lOH.
50. lat, II. the moft eafterly pro-
montory in Africa, fit. on the coaft
of Anian, near the entranQf of the
Red-(ea. .*:;.,* T ,;
GuARMAY, W. Ion. 78. lat. 10.
a port town of Peru, in S. America,
fit. 120 m. N.W. of Lima,
GuASTALLA, £. loH. II. lat.
45. a city of Italy, in the D. of
Mantua, fit. S. of the river Po, 15
*n. S. of IVfantua, Ceded to the D.
of Parma, at the peace of Aix-la-
Chapelle, in 1 748.
GuATiMALA, W. Ion. 97. lat,
14. 30. a city of Mexico, in N.
America, capital of the pr. of Gua-
timaia, which fiietches along the
coaft of the Pacific Ocean, between
la and 15 degrees of N, lat.
GuAXACA, W. Ion. Joo. lat.
17. 45. a city of N. America, capi-
tal of the pr. of Guaxaca, in Mexico,
fit. no m. S. of Vera Cruz and the
gulph of Mexico.
OuAYRA, a divifionof the pr. of
la Plata in S. America, having} Brafil
Uk ihe £» and Parag^uay oa the W»
GuBEN, E. Ion. 15, lat. 51, 50',
a town of Germany, in the mar,
of Lufatia, fituate 45 miles North
of Gorlltz, and 18 miles S. W. of
Croffen.
GuENGA, a great river of the
Hither-India, in Afia, which rifes in
the mountains of Balagate, and run-
ning N. E. falls into the W. branch
of the river Ganges, in Bengal.
GuERXT, E. Ion. 2. lat. 46. 5.
a town of France, in the pr. of
Lionois, and ter. of Marche, fit. 2^-
m. N. E. of Limoges.
Guernsey, or Garnfey, an ifland
in the Englifh channel, on the coaft
of Normandy, 22 m. W. of Cape La
Hogue, in Normandy, and 58 S. of
Portland, in Dorfetfhire, about 10 m»
long, and as many broad, containing
10 parifhet. It is naturally ftrong,
being furrounded by rocks, well fitu-
ated for trade in time of peace, and
to annoy the French, in time of war,
with their privateers. It was an-
ciently a part of Normandy, and is
ftiU governed by the Norman laws,
and the natives fpeak French, but
fub. to England.
Guiana, or Caribiana, the S.E^
divifion of Terra Firma, in S.America,
bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the
N. and £. and the pr. of Andalufia and
the Amazons on the W. and S. in
which are included Surinam and Caen,
or equino£lial France, lying between
50 and 65 degrees of W. Ion. and
between the equator and 8 degrees of
N. lat. extending from the mouth of
the river Orono<}ue, to the mouth of
the river of Amazon5.
GuiAQ^uiL, W. Ion. 80. S..lat. 3,
a city and port town of Peru, in 9.
America, fit. near the Pacific Ocean,
140 m. N.E. of Payta, fub. to Spain.
GuiARA.W. lon..66, lat. 10. 35,
a port t4»wn on the Caracao coaft, in
Terra Firma, in S. America, fit. aoo.
m. £. of Maracaibo, fub. to Spain,
1 he Englifh were twice repulfed, and
loft fome men In their attacks of thii
town, anno 1739 ^"^ *743*
G u I I K N Ey a pr. of Franc^,^
bouiidcd by Qrleaaois on the N. by
Caf&onjT^
!:
» !
^ '
G U
G Y
Gafcony, from which it :s feparated
by the river Garonne, on ti>e S. and
by the bay of Bifcay on the W.
GuiLDFORc, W. Ion. 40 min.
lat. 51. 16. a borough town ©f Surry,
fit, on the river Wye, 30 m. S.V/,
of London j fends two members to
parliament ; from hence the noble
family of North take their title.
GuiLLESTRE, £. loO. 6. 2Q.
lat. 44. 45. a city of France, in the
pr. ot Dauphine, (ic. g. m. N.E. of
Embrun, andi4S. W. ofBrianjon,
Guinea coall, in Africa, is fit.
between 15 £. and 15 W. Ion. and
between 4 and 10 degrees of N. lat.
bounded by Nigritia, or Negroland,
on the N. by unknown lands on the
£. by Congo and the Atlantic Ocean
on the S. and by the fame ocean on
the W. comprehending, i. the grain
eoaft, from its producing chiefly
Guinea grain ; 2. the ivory coai^,
from the plenty of elephants teeth
found there j 3. the gold coaft, from
Its furniHiing mofV gold j 4. the flave
coaft, from their meeting with the
gieateft number of (laves there j not
but every one of thefe divifions pvo-
duce fome of the abovefaid articles.
The Engiifh, Dutch, and French,
and fome other nations, have forts
and factories on this coaft, but the
Dutch drove the Portuguefe entirely
from thence, after they had poflfefTed
the whole coaft for 100 years and
upwards. There are abundance of
little Princes and States in the inland
country, who aie ufually at war, and
fell their prifoners to the Europeans
for flavcs j others make it their bufi-
nefs to traftic to diftant countries to
purchafe Haves, or fteal them, and
bring them down to the coaft to make
money of them. And there are thofe
that will fell their neareft relations,
if they have an opportunity. The
African traders do not only vifit this
coaft, which is properly called Guinea,
but all the W. coaft of Africa, from
Cape Verd at the mouth of the river
Kigrr, in 15 degrees N, lat. to Cape
Negro, in 18 degrees S. lat* where
they meet with the fame merchan-
dife they do in Proper Guinea. And
there are inftances of the European
merchants furpriiing and carrying oflf
whole families of Negroes by ftcalth,
which is ufually revenged on the next
(hipping that comes that way.
GuipuscoA, the N.E. divifion
of the pr. of Bifcay, in Spain, fit. on
the confines of Navarre.
Guise, £. Ion. 3. 36. lat. 40.
55. a town of France, in the pr. o*f
Picardy, fir. on the river Oyfe, 46
m. £. of Amiens.
GuLicK. SeeJuLiERS.
Gun FLEET, one of the channels
by which (hips enter the mouth of
the river Thames.
GUNSTBERG, E. lon. lO. I5.
lat. 48. 35. a town of Germany, in
the cir. of Suabia, and ter. of Bur-
gow, fit. on the £. fide of the Da-
nube, 12 m. N.E. of Ulm.
GuRiEL, a fub-divifion of Geor-
gia in Afia, lying on the eaftera
coaft of the Euxine fca, fub. cr tri-
butary to Turky. r ^ ^/r^ -<
GuRK, E. Ion* 14. lat. 47. 20.
a town of Germany, in the cir. of
Auftria, and D. of Carinthia, fit.
26 m. N. of Clagent'uit.
CusTROw, E. lon. 12. 15. lat.
54t a town of Germany, in the ci».
of Low;r Saxony, and D. of Meck-
lenburg, fit. 28 m. E. of Swerin.
GuTSKOw, E. lon. 13.40. lat«
54. a city of Germany, in the cir.
of Upper Saxony, and pr. of Swcdifli
Pomerania, fit. on the river Pene,
25 m. S. E, ofStralfund.
Gui TA, E. lon, i8. lat. 48. 20.
a town of Hungary, fir. on the B.
fide of the Danube, oppofite to tlic
iflind of Schut, 25 m. E. of Prcf?
burg.
GuzuRAT, See Cambaya,. a
pr. of the Hither India.
Gyshorn, E. Ion. 10. 45. lat.
52. 50. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Lower Saxony, and D. of
Lunenburg, fit. on the river Alter,
45m. N.E. of Hanover, and fub*
to the Elector. ^
H A
H A
H A
.^ a
lb
s
H A
>a:
.vt:;'(bT-rtt
TT AAG, or Hag, E. Ion. ii.
Jt X '5* ^^^* 4^' 1 6. a town of
Germany in the cir. of Bavaria, fit.
Oil the W. fide of the river Inn, 32
m. N. E of Munich.
Ha BAT, the N.W. pr. of the
empire of Morocco, fit. on the Straits
6f Gibraltar.
Hacha, VV. Ion, ji. lat. 11.
30. a port town of Terra Firma,
in S. America, fit. on the N. Sea,
at the mouth of the river Hacha,
240 m. £. of Cartagena. Here the
galleons touch firf^, on their arrival
m S. America, of which expreifes
are immediately Cent to ail their fet*
tlements, to prepare the treafure to
be carried to Europe.
Hadcmak, £. Ion. 7. 45* lat.
50. 26. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of the Upper Rhine, and co. of
Naflau, in Wetetavia, 16 m. N=E.
of the city of NalTau.
' Hadersleban, £. Ion. 10. lat.
55. 15. a port town of Slefwick,
orS. Jutland, fit. near the Tea, called
the Little Bi It, 31 m. S. E. of Ry-
pen
Tub. to Denmark.
Haddington, W. Ion. 2. 25,
lat. 55. 50. a pari, town of Scotland,
in E. Lothian, fit. iS m. E. of Edin-
burgh.
Hadley, E, Ion. I. lat, 5a. 7.
a market town of Sutfolk, fit. 17
in. S.E. of Bury.
Hadramut, E. Ion. 50. 30,
lat. 16. 4 city of Arabia Felix, the
capital of the pr. of Hadramut, fit.
360 m. N.E. of Mocho.
H^vmus mount, now Rhodopc,
which divide! Bulgaria from Thrace,
•r Romania in European Turkey.
Haerlem, E. Ion. 4. 20. lat.
52. 30. a large populous city of the
United Provinces, in the pr. of Hoi-
land, fir* 4 m. E. of the ocean, and
12 W. of Amfierdam, near the lake,
which ftem this town is^calkJ Haer-
.:: . . .1 1 . n
lem Mccr. The ftreets arc wide
and firait, and canals run through
fevera] of them, and there is a
wall and other fortifications about
the town, but of no great ftrength*
They have large manufailories of
filk, velvet, and linen here, as aU
fo of thread and tapes. Here Lau*
rence Cofter dwelt, to whom the
Dutch afaibe the invention of
printing.
Hagenau, E. Ion, 7. 40. lat.
48. 45. a fortified town of Germany,
in the Ian. of Alface, fit. 14 m* N.
of StraA>urg, frequently i^en and
retaken in the late wars.
Hagiaz, or M1.CCA, a pr. of
Arabia Felix, fir. on the £. coaft of
the Red Sea, whereof the city of
Mecca is capital.
Hague, or Graven Hague,
i. e. the Earl's Grove, £• Ion, 4. lat.
52. 10. a town of the United Pro-
vinces, in the pr. of Holland, fit. %
m. E. of the fea, 14 m. N.W. of
Rotterdam, and 9 m. S.W. of Ley*
den, encompafied with fine meadows
and groves, but no walls, and there*
fore efteemed a village, but one of
the larged and mofi ele{]:ant in Eii«
rope, and enjoys all the privileges of
a city of Holland, except that of
fending reprefentatives to the States.
But here the States of the province
of Holland, and the States General
afTemble, as well as the council of
fiate, and their fupreme couits of
Jurtice J and here foreign minifters
are admitted to audience, and all
public aftairs tranfaded j and hert
is a palace, in which there is an
apartment for the Princes of Oran£e
when Stadtholders } the chambers
of the States General, and Provincial,
and of the council of State. On the
W, of the palace is a hrge irea^
furrounded by good houfes, and
planted with fine walks of trees,
which makes it fomctimes to b^
compared to St. James's paik} ani
here every city of the United Pro-
vinces has a houfe for their refpedive
deputies* But noCwithAanding the
;v .♦ . » ,i ? i plict
!|
f
H A
'T
HA
place is very populous, and there is
lb great a refort of people of figure
here, they have but two churches in
it. On the N. fide of the Hague is a
walk planted with lime trees, two
miles long, extending to the vilbge
of Scheveling, by the fea-fide.
Hailbron, £. Ion. 9. lat. 49.
10. a city of Germany, in the cir.
of Saabia, and D, of Wirtemberg,
called Hailbron, or the Fountain of
H<'alth, on account of its excellent
baths. It is fituare on the river
Neckar, in a pleafant fruitful coun-
try, a8 m. N. of Stutgard, and 25
m. S. E, of Heidelburg ; an imperial
city, or fovereign ftate,
Hainan, or Aynan, an ifland
of China, in Afia, fit. between 107
and 110 degrees of E. Ion. and be-
tween 18 and 20 degrees of N. lat.
about 50 m. S. of the continent of
ChiiiJ, and Tub. to that K. It is
©f an oval foim, aSout 300 m. In
cii'ciin.ieri'Mce, and iias both uold and
filver Dili^cs in it, an.i a peirl fifhery;
■and Uiere !:> ii ].ike in tlie (land
which pctiifics filh, it is (aid, but
the imt ince ^ivcn of it is a crab, the
(hell wiieieof was petrified, probably
after the fifli was dead.
Hainault. SccHaynault.
Hainburg, E. Ion. 17. 8, lat.
48. 20. a town of Germany, in the
cir. and archduchy of Auftria, fit. on
the Danube, 35 m. E. of Vienna.
Haine, a river of the Auftrian
Netherlands, which runs thro' the
pr. of Hainault from E. to W. parting
by Mons and St. Ghilian, and falling
into the Scheid at Condc.
Halabas, E. Ion. 83. lat. 26.
35. a city of the Hither India, in
Afia, capital of the pr. of Halabas,
fit, at the confluence of the rivers
(Ganges and Jemma, 200 m. E. of
Agra ; fub. to the Mogul.
Halberstat, £. Ion. 11. 6.
Jat, 51. 55. a city of Germany, in
the cir. of Lower Saxony, capital of
the D. of Halberftat, fit. 35 m. S.
W. of Mngdeburg, and 40 m. S.E.
of Btunfwick ; fub. to the K. of
Pruilia as Elc^or of Brand enburg,
for whofe anceftors this bidicpric
was fecul.irifsd and converted inig a
D. at the reformation,
Halem, E. Ion. 5. 5. lat. 51,
5. a town of the Auftrian Nether-
lands, in the frr. of Brabant, fit. on
the confines of Liege, 25 m. W, of
Maeftricht ; Aib, to Auftria,
Halesvvortu, E, Ion. i. 40,
lat, 52. 30. a market town of Suf-
folk, fit. 35 m. E. of Bury.
Haliez, E. Ion. 25. lat. 47,
45. a town of Poland, in tlie pr. of
Red Ruflia, fit. on the river Niefler,
70 m. S. E. of Lemburg,
Hallifax, W. Ion. 1,40, lat,
53. 45. a market town in the W.
Riding of Yorkfhirc, fir. 34 m. S,
W. of York, from whence the noble
family of Montague take the title of
Earl, *"■■' r
Hall, E. Ion. 9. 45, lat. 49,
20. a tosvn of Germany, in the cir.
of Suabia, fit. on the liver Kochier,
near the confines of Franconia, 20
m. E, of Hailbron j an imperial city,
or fovereign ftate.
Hall, E. Ion. 12. 5. lat. 51. 35.
a city of Germany, in the cir, of
Upper Saxonv, capital of a D. fit. on
the river Sal^, 36 m. S. of Magde-
burg, confiderable for its fait pits,
fub. to Prulfia.
Hall, E. Ion. 4. 10, lat. 50.
50. a town of the AufVrian Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Brabint,"7 m»
S. of Bruifcls.
[/ALL, E. Ion. II, 28, lat. 47,
15. a town of Germany, in the cir,
of Auftria, and co. of Tyrol, fit. 6
m. N, E. of Infpruck.
Hallaton, E. Ion. 50 min,
lat. 52. 35. a market town of Lei-
cefterlhire, fit. 10 m. S. E. of Lei-
cefter.
Haliand, a fub-dlvifion of
Gothland, in Sweden, lying along
the fea-coaft, at the entrance of the
Baltic, oppofite to Jutland.
Hallkn, E. Ion. 5, lat. 50, 55,
a town of the Auftrian Netherlands,
in the pr. of Brabant, fit. on the
Gheet, 16 m. N.£. of Louvain.
Hallcin, £. ioo. 13. 6. lat.
47*
H A
H A
m.
of
ong
the
55-
the
Ut.
47.
47. 36, a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Bavaria, and archb. of Saltz-
burg, fit n the river Saltza, 8 m.
S. of Sakzburg, wheie there arc
great fait works.
Haller, E. Ion. 5. Int. 50.40.
a town of the Netherlands, in the
pr. of Brabant, lit, xo m. S. £. of
Tirlemont.
Halmstat, E. Ion* 13. 5. lat.
56. 45. a port town of Gothland,
in Sweden, fit. on the coaft of the pr.
of Halland, in the Categate fca, 2o
m. S. of Gottcnberg,
Halstkad, E. Ion. 45 min. lat,
51. 55, a market town of Eltex, fit.
xC m. N. of Chelmsford.
Haltwesel, W. lon« 2. lat.
55. a market town of Northumber-
land, fit. 32 m. W. of Newcaftle.
Ham, E. Ion. 7. 15. lat. 51. 35.
a city of Germany, in the cir. of
Wefiphalia, cap. of the co. of Mark,
fit. on the liver Lippe, 20 m. S. of
Munfter j fub. to Truflia. ,y
Hama, SeeApAMEA.
Hamadan, E. Ion, 47, 35. lat.
35. a city of Perfia, in Afu^ in the
pr. of Eyrac Agem, 200 m. N.W.
of Ifpahan, and 220 N.E. of Bagdat.
Hamburgh, E. Ion. 9. 40.
lat. 54. a great city and port town
of Germany, in the cir. of Lower
Saxony, and D. of Holilein, fit. on
the river Elbe, 70 m. S. E. of the
German Ocean, 40 m. S. W. of
Lubeck, and 55 N. E. of Bremen.
It fiands on the N. fide of the i.ver
Elbe, partly on ifiands, and partly
on the continent ; the territory fub.
to it is fmall, but there are feve>
ral large villages and noblemens feats
in it. The tide flows through the
channels which (eparate the idands ;
and the town lies fo low, that in
fome fpring tides they receive great
damage in their houfes. They have
fpacious fireets, and their houfes are
built of biiik, very high, and make
a grand figure. As the town is
naturally Arong^ it is as well forti-
fied by att alfo, as a town of that
magnitude can wdl be ; and it is
exceeding populous, merchants from
all parts of Europe reforting to It,
from whence their goods are fent
into the middle of the Empire by
the Elbe. All provifions are plen-
tiful here, and their beer has fuch a
reputation, that they export a great
deal of it. They have very ele-
gant gardens and fummer- houfes for
feveral miles about the town, on the
land fide, and on the water, Ihips
come up to their doors, to deliver
and take in their lading ; tl^ tide
flowing 16 miles above the town*
It is an imperial city, or fovcrcign
ftate, governc.'d by its owji magi-
ftvates, fubjeft only to the general
laws of the Empire, as other Princes
and fiates are ; but the people have
fometimes difputed the authority of
the fenate, of late years, and the
Empire has interpofed, and compelled
them to put an end to their diffen-
fions by force. And the K. of Den-
mark, as D. ofHolrtcin, Ibmetimes
lays claim to the dominion of this
city, and extorts money from them,
for as he is polleHed of the fortrefs
of Gluckftat, towards the mouth of
the river, it lies in his power to
diflrefs them pretty much. Their
liberties alfo are fometimes endan-
gered by religious difputes with the
Roman Cathulks, in whofe behalf
the.^mperor fometinoes interpofes,
as he did in the year i 708, com-
manding a body of troops to march
into the city, and they were forc'd to
buy their peace. They are at vari-
ance alfo with other denominations
of Proteftants, for the Lutheran per-
fuafion is edablilbed in this city ; and
they will tolerate no others, whether
Popi(h or Protcftant, except in the*
chapels of foreign miniiiers, and
will fuflfcr none of their fubjcdls to
refort to thefe.
Hamcheu, E. Ion. 120, lat. 30.
cap. of the pr, of Chckiam in China,
in Afia, fit, on the river Cienton,
160 m. S.E. of Nanking.
Hamblin, £. Ion. 9, iz. lat.
52. 15. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Lower Saxony, and D. of
Bruafwic, lie. on the river Wefer,
*7
' ' ■
i [
■:
H A
n A
i-
ffj m. S.W. of Hanover, and fub,
to the Eleftor.
Hamilton, W, Ion. 3. 50.
lat. 55. 40. a town of Scotland, in
the CO. of Clydefdale, At. on the
fiver Clyde, 1 1 m. S.E. of Glafgow ;
from whence the noble family of
Hamilton take their name, and title
«f Duke.
Hammont» E. Ion. 5. 32. lat.
51. 20. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of WeHphaiia, and bilh. of Liege,
fir. near the confines of Brabant, 17
m. W. of Roermond, and 15 m,
N.W. of Mayefick.
Hampshire, bounded by Berk-
ftire on the N. Surrey and SufTex
on the Et the EngliHi channel on
the S. and Wiltfliire and Dorfetfliire,
on the W. the chief towns Win-
chefter, Southampton, and Porrf-
mouth ; and it comprehends the ide
of Wight.
Hampshir e-New, a pr. of
New England, in North America,
bounded by New Scotland on the N.
by the Atlantic Ocean on the £. by
the pr. of the MaflTachufets Bay on
the S. and by New York on the W.
fub. to Great-Britain, and governed
by a governor, council, and houfe
of reprefentatives: the governor and
council appointed by the K. This
country feems •ery proper for pro-
ducing naval i^orei ; a ^rext part of
it is appropriated by a£l of parlia-
ment, for furniftiing mafts, yards,
&:c, for the royal navy.
Hampstead, lat. 51. 34. a very
defirable village, in MiJdlefex, 4 m.
N. of London { admired tor its air,
ks fituation, its elegant buildings,
and medicinal waters.
Hampton-Co tf R T, W. Ion.
• fto min. lat. 51. 47. a town in
Middlefex, fit. on the N. fide of the
• Thames, tz m. W. of London, and
,' a W of Kingfton, in which is the
t fined palace the K. of Great-Britain
pofTeiret.
Hampton, W. Ion. s. 15. lat.
■ 51. jB. 1 market town of Glocefter-
' Aire, fit. 12 m. S. of Glocefter.
Hampton, W« Ion, 70. lat.
41. 35. a port town of New Hamp«
fliire, fit. 40 m. N. of Bofton.
Hawau, a CO. of Germany, in
the cir. of the Lower Rhine, and ter.
of Wetteravia, is bounded by the Ian.
of Hefle-Caflcl on the N. by the ter-
ritories of the abbey of Fuld on the
E. by the river Maine and the ter-
ritories of Mentz on the S. and by
the CO. of Naflau on the W. being
about 40 m. in length, and 15 in
breadth j fub. to its Earl.
Hanau City, £. Ion. 8. 4^.
lat. 50. 12. the capital of the co. of
Hanau, is pleafantly fit. on the river
Kunts, on the N. fide of the river
Maine, 13 m. E. of Francfort, and
12 m. N.W. of Afchaffenburg.
Hanover, E. Ion, 9. 45. lat.
52. 32. a city of Germany, in the
circle of Lower Saxony, capital
of the King of Great Britain's
German dominio.is, fiiuate on the
river Leina, 36 miles W. of Brunf-
wic, is furrounded by a wall and
other works of no great ftrength ;
nor is there any thing very elegant
in the palace, or caflle, which is ra-
ther commodious than magnificent,
and the town generally ill built. The
bcft edifice is the Roman Catholic
church, which was aiTigned to the
Papifts on the late King's father be-
ing made the ninth Elcftur. That
Prince alfo engaged to admit an
apoftolical vicar in his dominions
from the Pope, and to permit him
to refide in the city of Hanover ;
and divine fervice is performed here
by the Roman Catholics, as in a ca-
thedral, and their numbers are very
confiderable ; but the eftabliihed re-
ligion is the Lutheran. There is a
court kept in this city in the King's
abfence, the fame number of gentle-
men, pages, domeftics, and guards,
as if he was prefent j and a French
comedy afted three times a week,
to which all people are admitted
gratis } and there are frequently con-
torts, balls, and aflfemblies. The
fituation of Hanover is very agree-
able, and there are feveral pretty
feats in the neighbourhood. The
3 IkSLot
H A
H A
re is a
King's
gentle-
guards^
French
week,
dnnitted
tly con-
. The
£le£lor is abfolute here, and in the
reft of his German dominions ; he is
arch-treafurer of the Empire. His
revenues are computed to amount
to 400,000 1. per annum, and he is
able to raife ^,000 men in all his
territories, which befides Hanover,
confifts of the Duchies of Lunen-
burg and Zell, Bremen and Verden,
and the D. of Lawenberg ^ moft part
of which lie between the rivers Wefer
and Elbe, and extend near zoo miles
in length, from S. E. to N. W,
and are from 150 to 50 in breadth ;
but then within thefe limits are the
territories of feveral other Princes
and ftates, as the bifli. of Hildeflieim,
the D. of Brunfwic Proper, Wol-
fembuttle . Blanckenburg, the ter-
ritories of the city of Bremen, and
of feveral other Imperial cities.
Thefe dominions feem very well
Btuated for a foreign trade, lying
upon the German fea, and the
two great rivers of the Elbe and the
Wefer ; however, trade does not
flouri/h here : either they have but
few ftaple commodities, or men of
fubHance do not apply themfelves
to foreign traffic. The country is
pretty much over-run with wood,
and the foil is not fruitful where it
is not. Excepting timber, cattle,
hogd, and fome minerals, viz. a
little filver, copper, lead, iron, vi-
triol, brimftone, quiclcHlver, and
copperas ; with mum, beer, and ba-
con, I don't find they have much
clfe to traffic with.
Hanse-towns, port towns of
Germany, formerly confederated for
their mutual defence, and proteftion
of their trade, of which Lubec and
Hamburgh were the chief j they
were all of them imperial cities, or
fovereign ftates.
Harborough, W. Ion. i. lat.
52. 26. a town of LeiceAerihire, fit.
13 m. S. £. of Leicefter.
Harburch, £. Ion. 9. 30. lat.
53. 57. a port town of Germany,
in the cir. of Lower Saxony, and D.
of Lunenburg, fit. on the S. fide of
the river Elbe, oppofite to Hamburgh,
and 30 m. N. W. of Lunenburgh,
faid to be as well fituated for a foreign
trade as Hamburgh, having the like
advantage of importing and export*
ing their merchandize by the Elbe,
and of vending their efl'c£ls in the
heart of Germany by that river.
Harcourt, £. Ion. 32 min«
lat. 49. 15. a town of France in the
pr. of Normandy, fit. 23 m. S. W,
of Rouen.
Harderwicx, £. lun. 5. 30*
lat. 52. 35. a town of the United
Provinces, in the pr, of Guelderland,
fit. on the Zuider fea, 23 m. N, W,
of Zutphen.
Harfleur, E. Ion. 15 min,
lat. 49« 30. a port town of France,
in the pr. of Normandy, fit. near
the mouth of the river Seyne, 4 m,
W. of Havre de Grace.
Harlebeck, E. Ion. 3, 15,
lat. 50. 50. a town of the Auftrian
Netherlands, in the pr. of Flanders,
fit. on the river Lys, 6 m. N. E. of
Coutray.
Harleston, E. Ion. 1.25. laC
52. 35. a market town of Norfolk,
fit. on the river Waveney, 14 m, S.
of Norwich,
Harlingen, E. Ion. 5. 20. lat.
53. 15. a port town of the United
Netherlands, in the pr. of W. Frief-
iand, fit. on the German fea, 14 m*
W. of Lewarden,
Harlow, E. Ion. 6 min. lat,
CI. 45. a market town of EiTex, fit*
15 m. W. of Chelmsford.
Hartford, W. Ion, 7 min.
lat. 51. 45. capital of Hartford fhirc,
fit. 21. m. N. of London ; gives the
title of Earl to the noble family of
Seymour.
Hartford, W. Ion. 71. 15,
lat. 42. a town of New-England, in
America, in the pr. of Conne£licut,
fit. on the river ConneAicut, 50 m,
W. of Bofton.
Hartforoshire, bounded by
Cambridge(hire and Bedfordiliire oa
the N. by Efifex on the E. by Mid-
dlesex on the S. and by Buckingh-.m-
(^ Aire
, '^1
H A
H A
M
fy'ira and part of Bedford/hire on the
W. being about 30 m* long, and
az broad.
Hartlakd, W. Ion. 4.45. lat.
51. 9. a market town of Devon,
fit. near Briftol channel, 25 m. W.
of Bamflaple, and gives name to a
Cape, called Hartland Point, at the
entrance of Briftol channel.
Hartlepool, W. Ion. 55 min.
lat. 54. 40. a port town of the co.
of Durham, fit. on the German fea,
14 m. S. E. of Durham.
Harwich, E. Ion. i. 25. lat.
52. 5. a borough and port town of
^ITex, fit. at the mouth of the river
Maningtree, on the German fea,
6i m. N, E. of London, and 36 N.
£. of Chelmsford } fends 2 members
to parliament.
Haslem, E. Ion. II. 30. lat.
56. 15. an idand of Denmark, in
the Cateeate fea, at the entrance of
the Baltic, N. of the ifland of Ze-
land,
Haslemere, W. Ion. 50 min.
lat. 51. 14. a borough town of Sur-
rey, fit. 10 m, S. W. of Guildford,
and 38 S. W. of London, fends 2
members to parliament.
Hasselt, E. Ion. 5. 52. lat. 51.
a town Germany, in the circle of
Weftphalia, and bifli. of Liege, fit.
on the river Demer, 15 m. N, W.
of Maedricht.
Hastings, E. Ion. 36 min.
lat. 50. 50, a borough town of Suf-
fex, fit. on the coaft of the Engli/h
channel, 20 m. E. of Lewes, and
50 S. £. of London.
Hatesburv. See Heyt!»-
B u R Y in Wilts,
Hatfield, W. Jon. 12 min.
lat. 51. 42. a market town of Hart-
fordihire, fit. 20 m. N, W. of Lon-
don ; where the Earl of Salifbury
has a good old palace and park.
Hathebly, W. Ion. 4. 15.
lat. 50. 46. a market town of De-
von, fit. 20 m. N. W. of Exeter.
Hattem, E. Ion. 6. lat. 52. 30.
a town of the United Provinces, in
the pr. of Gelderland, fit. on the
river IfTel, 3 m, S* of Zwol.
HatuaK, E. Ion. 19. 35. lat,
47. 48. a town of Upper Hungary,
fit. 15 m. N. £. of Buda, fub. to
Auilria.
Havana, W. long. 84. lat,
23. a port town of the ifland of
Cuba, in America, fit. on the N.
W. part of the ifland, at the en-
trance of the gulph of Mexico, near
200 m. S. of Cape Florida. A fe-
Cure and capacious harbour, of very
difficult accefs to an enemy, having
a narrow entrance, well defended by
forts and platforms of great guns.
Here the galleons from Porto-bello
and Vera Cruz rendezvous, on their
return to Spain. The town is not
two m. in circumference, and does
not contain above 2000 fouls, con-
fifting of Spaniards, Malattoes and
Negroes, befldes the garrifon ; and
the governor has the title of Captain
General of the ifland. The bifli. of
St. Jago, capital of the ifland, alfo
refides here, that city being upon
the decline, and mofl: men of figure
and fortune in the ifland refiding at
the Havana. It is fub. to Spain.
Ha VAN T, W, Ion. i. 5. lat. 50,
50. a market town of Hampfhire,
fit. on a bay of the Englifh channel,
6 m. N. E. of Portfmouth.
JHavel, a river of Brandenburg,
in Germany, which receives the ri-
ver Spree, near Berlin, and running
W. by Brandenburg, then turns N,
and difcharges itfelf into the Elbe, a
little below Havelburg.
Havel BURG, E. Ion. 12. 44.
lat. 53. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Upper Saxony and mar. of
Brandenburg, fit. on the river Ha-
vel, 40 m. N. of Brandenburg, fub.
to the K. of Pruflla.
Haverford-West, W. Ion. 5,
lat. 51. 50. a borough town of Pem-
brokefliire, in S. Wales, fit. 12 m.
S. £. of St. David^s } fends one mem-
ber to parliament.
Haveril, £. Ion. 25 min. lat,
52. lo. a market town of Efiex, on
the borders of Suffolk and Cam-
bridge/hire, fitf 24 m, N« of Chelmf-
ford,
Havke
H E
H E
Havre dk Grace, E. Ion. zo
min. lac. 49. 30. a port town of
France, in the pr. of Nornnandy, fit.
,' 'he Englifh channel, at the mouth
of tlic river Seyne, 40 miles W. of
Rouen.
Hay, W. Ion. 3. 6. lat. 5a. 7.
a market town of Brecknockfliire,
in South Wales, fit. 13 miles N. E.
cf Brecknock.
Haylesham, E. Ion. 18 min.
lat. 50. 50. a market town of Sulfex,
lit. 10 m. E, of Lewes.
Hayn, E. Ion. 16. 5. lat, 51.
17. a town of Silefia, in the ter. of
Lignits, fi^ 35 m. N. W, of Breflaw.
Hay^tan. SccHaiwan,
Haynault, a pi. of the Ne-
therlands, bounded by Brabant and
Flanders on the N. by Namur and
Liege on the E. by the Cambrefis,
Picardy and Champaign, on the S.
and by Artois and another part of
Flanders on the W. Mons the ca>
pita!, the N. part of it Tub. to the
houfe of Auftria, and the S. part
of It to France.
H E A, a pr. of the Empire of
Morocco in Africa, fit. on the ocean,
S. W. of Morocco Proper.
Hkadford, W. Ion. 9. 15. lat,
53. 22. a town of Irebnd in the
CO, cfGalway and pr. of Connaught,
fit. 12 m. N. of Galway,
Hean, E. Ion, 107. lat. 22. a
town of Tonquin, in the Further
India, in Afia, fit. on the river Do-
mea, 20 m. S. of Cachao, and 80
N. of the lea, or bay of Tcnquin.
Hebrides, iflands on the W,
of Scotland, uf which Sky, Mull,
Ida and Arran, arj (ome of the
largeft.
Hedmora, E. Ion, 15, 55. lat.
60. 16. a city of Sweden, in the pr.
of Weftmania, fif. on the river Dale-
carlia, 50 m. N, W, of Upfal.
Heidelburg, E. Ion. 8. 40.
lat. 49. 20. a city of Germany, in
the cir, of the Lower Rhine, capi-
tal of the Palatinate, fit, on the
river Neckar, 43 m. S. of Franc-
fort, and 13 N. E, of Spire. Here
the Elector Paiatinp ha.s. % fine pt*
lVRX
lare, and here is the capacious tnn
which holds Soo hog/heads, and is
generally full of the beft Rheniih
wine, which every one was obliged
to tafte of who vifited the late Blec*
tor's court, and fome were not ex-
cufcd without fwallowing fuch a dofe
as the Prince prefcribed. There is
a univ. in this city, and the Elcdtor
had one of the moft valuable libraries
in Europe J but either plundered
and deftroyed, or removed to ihe
Vatican, and the Emperor's library
at Vienna, when the EleiSlor was
driven from his dominions, anna
1621, and the Proteftant inhabitanti
were cruelly treated. This city was
facked and plundered again by the
French, in the year 1683 j and in
1692, they almoft demoJiflied it,
driving the people of the F*alatinate
from their dwellings, and obliging
them to take refuge in foreign coun-
tries. Much the greateft part of the
inhabitants of this city are Prote-
ftants, but their fovereign is a Pa-
pift, who ufing his Proteftant fubjtcta
hardly, they complained to iotnc
Proteftant powers, who procured
their grievances to be redrefTed j but
the late Eledlor was fo exafperatcd
at their applying to foreign po** ,s,
that he abandoned the city an,, v.ent
to refide at Manheim, which f-'ffi-
ciently mortified the Heidelburghers,
as he carried moft of the people cf
wealth and diftin£^ion with him.
The prefent Elector, the young Pr.
of Sultfoach, appears to be entirely
in the French intereft.
He 1 1. A, E. Ion. 19. lat, 54. 30*
a port town cf Regal Pruflia, in the
K. of Poland, fit. on the point of a
Peninfula, in the Baltic fea, 12 m»
N. of Dantzick, fub. to Poland.
Helena (St.) W, Ion. 6. 30,
S. lat. 16. an iflard in the Atlantic
ocean, fit. 1200 m. W. of the coaft
of Africa, and 1800 E. of the coaft
of S. America. It confifts of one
fieep high rock, and looks like a
caftle in the middle of the fea j nor
is there any poflibility of landing
but at one pi? re, which is defended
<i^4. by
■ ;
H E
H E
.l>y a platform of 40 guns, beyond
which is a fort, in which the gover-
nor refides, and adjoining to it is
a pretty lown of 40 or 50 houfes,
to which the natives come down
with fre/h provifions, when fliipping
arrives. The ifland is about 21 m.
round, and the rock covered with
about a foot of veget£ri)Je earth, pro-
duces corn, grapes, and ail manner
of fruits and vegetables almoft, but
no corn comes to perfeftion, being
eaten up by the rats which burrow
in the rock, and the climate is too
warm to make wine. The natives
have houfes, plantations and fields,
on the top of the rock, where they
feed their cattle and manure their
ground and gardens, with the pro-
duce whereof they fupply the /hip-
ping which touches there, in their
way from India. They are about
200 families, defcended from £ng-
ii/h parents, who planted it by the
afliftance of the Eaft-lndia company,
after it was taken from the Dutch,
in the reign of K. Charles II. and
it is now fub. to the Englifh Eaft-
lndia company.
" Hellespont, the entrance of
the flrait which divides Afia from
Europe, pafling from the Archipelago
to Condantinople. It is now called
the Dardanells, and is about 2 m.
wide, being the place where Xerxes
laid a floating bridge over, to march
his army from Afia to Europe,
Helmont, £. Ion. 5. 40. lat.
51. 30. a town of the Netherlands,
in the pr. of Dutch Brabant, fit. on
the river Aa, 18 m. W. of Venlo.
Helmstat, E. Ion. ij, 15. lat.
52. 20. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Lower Saxony, and D. of
Brunfwic,fit. 25 m. S.E. of Brunfwlc.
Helmstat. SeeHALMSTAT.
Helsingburg. See Elsing-
BURG.
Helsingport, £. Ion. 24.6*
]at. 60. 8. a port town of Sweden,
in the pr. of Finland, and ler. of
Nyland, fit. on the gulph of Fin-
.Jand, So m, £• of Abo^ fulj^^ to
Swedeni
Helsingia, a pr. of Sweden,
bounded by Jempterland and Me-
delpadia, on the N. the Bothnic
gulph on the E. and by Dalecarlia
and Geftricia on the S. and W.
Helsingor. SeeELsiNORE.
Helston, W. Ion. 5.. 45. lar,
50. 8. a borough town of Cornwall,
fir. 9 m* S. W. of Falmouth, and
60 m. S. W, of Launcefion j fends
2 members to parliament.
Helvetia. See Switzer-
LAND. >t .{
Helvoetsluys, E. long. 4.
lat. 51. 54. a port town of the U«
nited Netherlands, fit. on the iiland
of Voorn, in the pr. of Holland, 5
m, S. of the Briel j one of the beft
harbours in Holland, to which the
Engliih packet-boat always goes.
Hempstead, W. Ion. 40 min.
lat. 51. 45. a market town in Hart-
fordftiire, fit. i6m. S. W. ofHart-
ford, and 24 m. N. W. of London.
Henebon, W. Ion. 3. lat. 47,
48. a town of France, in the pr. of
Biitany, fit. on the river Blavet, 22
m.N. W. of Vannes.
Henley, W. Ion, 50 min. lat.
51. 34, a ' irket town of Oxford -
Aire, fit. .1 the river Thames, on
the confines of Berks, 32 m. W. of
London, and 20 S, £. of Oxford.
Henley, W. Ion. i. 45. lat.
52. 18. a market town of Warwick-
Aire, fit. 7 miles S. W. of War-
wick.
Henneburg, £. Ion. 10. 27.
lat. 50. 40. a town of Germany,
in the cir. of Franconia, capital of
the cot of Henneburg, fit. 34 m,
N. W. of Bamberg, and 3/ S. E,
of Fold.
Henrico, a county of Virginia
in America.
Henry Cape, W. Ion. 74. 50,
ht. 37. the fouth cape of Virginia,
in America, at the entrance of the
bny of Chefepeak.
Her ACL E A, £, Ion. 28. lat. 41.
a port town of European Turky, in
Romania, fit. on the Propontis, 60
m. S. W. of Condantinople j once a
great city, but now run to ruin.
HCRAT,
30-
H E
K E
lat.
brd-
on
kv. of
50.
Igmia,
M the
41.
|y» '"
Is, 60
^nce a
AT,
Herat, E. Ion. 61. lat. 54. 30*
a city of Perfia, in Afia, in the pr. of
Choralfan, 160 m. S. E. of Mefchid.
Herborg, or Herborx> £.
Ion* 8. 15. lat. 50. 36. a town in
the cir. of the Upper Rhine, in the
Wetteraw, and ter. of Nafiau, 8 xn»
S. of DiUenburg.
Hercinian forest, ancient-
ly extended the whole length of Ger-
many and Bohemia, ibme remains
whereof are flill in being, viz. the
Black-Fore((, Odenwald, near Hei-
delburg and Stigewald, in Wurtfburg
and Bamberg,Wefterwald in thcWet-
teraw, and Hartfwald in Brunfwic.
Hercole, £. Ion. 12. lat. 4a.
25. a port town of Tufcany, in
Italy, on the coaft called Stato del
Preruiii, or the rtate of the garrifons,
fub. to the K. of Sicily.
Hercole, a little ifland near the
faid port.
Hercules pillars. Mount
Calpe in Spain, near Gibraltar, on the
European fide of theftraits^andMount
Avila on the African fide of the ftraits
of Gibraltar, ufually fo called.
Hereford, W, Ion. z. 42. lat.
52. 6. the capital city of Hereford-
fliire, fit. on the river Wye, 120
m. W. of London, and 24 m. N.
W. of Glouceftcr j fends z mem-
bers to parliament, and is the lee of
a bifli. fuftVagan to Canterbury.
Herentals, E. Ion. 4. 45.
lat. 51. 20. a town of the Aiiftnan
Netherlands, in the pr. of Brabant,
fit. 20 m. N, of Louvain,
Herenhausen, a palace of his
Majelty's, near Hanover, whofe wa-
ter-works are faid to equal thole of
Verfaillef,
Herk, E, Ion. 5. 20. lat. 51,
a town of Germany, in the biih, of
Liege, lit. on a river of the lame
name, near its confluence with the
Demer, 22 m, W. of Maeftricht,
Herling, £. Ion. i. 5. lat. 52.
30. a. market town of Norfolk, fit.
. so m, S. W. of Norwich.
Hermanstat, K, Ion, 24. lat.
46. 3?, the capital city of Tranfil-
vania, fit. 30 m. £, of Wcifeaburg j
hb% to A^ih'Ki*.
Her M OK, a mountain on tl>«
£. of Syria and Palefline, in Afiatic
Turky.
Herngrunt, E. Ion. 19. 20.
lat. 48. 47. a town of Upper Hun-
gary, fit. 65 m. N. of Buda, near
the Carpathian mountains ; where
is one of the richeft copper mines in
Europe, with feveral forts of Vitriol.
Herstall, £. Ion, 5., 36. Jat.
50, 42. a town of the bilb. of Liege,
in Germany, fit. 3 m. N. of Liege
city.
Hxrtpord. See Hartford.
Hkrtogensboch, a town of
Dutch Brabant* See Boisleduc.
Herwerden, £. Ion. 8. 15.
lat. 52. 12. a town ofGermany,
in the cir.^of Weftphalia and co. of
RavenA}urg, (it. 10 m. £. of the
city of Kavenlburg, fub. to the K,
of Pruffia, Here is a ProteAant
nunnery.
Hesden, E. Ion. 2. lat, 50, 25,
a town of the French Netherlanis,
in the pr. of Artois, fit, on the
river Canchc, near the confines of
Picardy, 2Q m. S. W. of St. Omers.
Hesse -Cassel Landgravate,
including Wetteravia, is a ter, ot
Germany, in the cir> of the Upp?r
Rhine, bounded by Weltphalia and
Brunfwic on the N; by Franconi;?
and Saxony on the £. by the river
Maine on the S, and by anorher
pvirt of Wcftphalia and the Elector-
ate of Mentz and Triers, on the \V,
100 m. lo' g, and 100 broad.
Hesse-Darmstat, is bounded
by the river Maine, which divides
it from Hefle-CalTel on the N. by
the fame river Maine on the E» and
the Palatinate on the S. and W.
Hesse Cassel^ and HissK*
Darmstat cities. See under th9
heads of Cassel andDARMSTAT,
The Landgrave of Hcfle CaHe^^
is an abfolute Prince. His re-
venues are computed at 120,000' 1,
per annum, and he has generally
a good body of forces on foot,
which arc fu far from being a chafgt
to him, that they are a great addi^
tioa to his reveavie, by the inhix-^
<^3 iis.%
!
;'
(.
H E
H I
dies they bring in from fovereign
powers. The 12,000 Hefiians in
Britiih pay, for five years, were
computed to be worth above a mil-
lion fterJing to him, and it is not to
be doubted but he has made a great
deal by French fubfidies. As there are
four branches of this family, viz,
HefTe Caflel,Homburg, Darmftat, and
Rhineficld, they are of different per-
fuafions in point of religion. The
fubjefts of He/Te CafTel are Calvinifts,
as their late fovereign was till he
mounted the throne of Sweden, but he
was compelled to turn Lutheran then,
and abjure Calvinifm. Prince Frede-
ric, the eJdeft fon of the prefent Land-
lave^ has embraced Popery. The
Landgr. of HeflTe-Homberg is a Cal-
vinift, Darmftat is a Lutlieran, and
the Landgrave of Hefle-Rhinefield is
a Papift. Some part of Hcfle pro-
duces corn and wine, efpecially near
the rivers Rhine and Lohn, and they
feed numerous fi. cks of fheep in their
plains, whofe wool is faid to equal
that of England, but great part of
the country is foieft, efpecially on the
N. In their mountains are mines
v{ copper and lead, which yield them
<on(iderable profit. This country is
held to be the ancient feat of the
Catti, mentioned by Tacitus.
HeTSBURV. SeeHEYTSBURY
in Wilts.
Hever, E. Ion. 4. 36. lat, 51. a
town of the Auftrian Netherlands, in
the pr. of Brabant, lit. 14 m. E. of
; BrufTels, and 2 m. S. of Lou vain.
<f Hexham, W. Ion. 1. 37. lat.
, 55, 5. a market town of Northum-
. berland, fit. 16 m. W. of Newcaftle.
Hey DON, E, Ion., 5 min. lat.
-53.48. a borough town in York-
Jfcire, fit. 37 m. S. E. of York, and
6 m. W. of Hull • fends z mem-
bers to parliament.
>• Heyi.ingenstat, E. Ion. 10.
. hr. 51. 27. a town of Germany in
the CO. of Eiffield, and cir. of Upper
Saxony, fit. a6 m. E. of Caflel, fub.
J to the Eleftor of Mentz.
Heylshem, £. Ion. 4. 55. lat.
.50. 55. a towo of the Auitxian Ne-
therlands, in the pr. of Brabant, fit,
14 m. S. £. of Louvain, and 5 St
of Tirlemont.
Heytsbury, W, Ion. 2. 14.
lat. 51. 20. a borough town of Wilt-
fliire, fit. 14 m. N. W. of Saliibury j
fends 2 members to parliament.
H I £ R £ s iflands, fit. near the coaft
of Provence, in France, oppofite to
the towns of Hieres and Toulon ;
where the Englifh fleet lay many
months, anno 1744, and blocked
up the French and Spanifh fleets in
the harbour of Toulon j and on their
quitting that harbour, the combined
fleets were engaged by admiral Mat-
th-.ws, before whom they fled to the
cjafl; of Spain, and would have been
deflroyed, if he had not been defert-
ed by one of the Engli/h admirals,
and feveral of his captains.
Hieres, E. Ion. 6. 5. lat. 43.
5. a town of Provence, in France,
fit. on the Mediterranean, 8 m. £•
of Toulon.
Hicham Ferrers, W. Ion. 40
min. lat. 52, 20. a borough town of
Northamptonfliire, fit. iz m. N. E.
. of Northampton j fends one mem-
ber to parliament.
HiGHw'ORTH, W. Ion. I. 40.
lat. 51. 35. a market town of Wilt-
fhire, fit. 30 m. N. of Saliibury.
HiLDBURGHAUSEN, a city of
Franconia, with a fine caflle, the re-
fidence of the Duke of Saxe-Hild-
burghaufen.
HiLDESHEiM biihopr. furround-
cd by the ter. of Brunfwic, in Ger-
many, in the cir. of Lower Saxony>
fub. to its bift. now Eleft. of Coiogn.
HiLOESHEiM city, £. Ion. 10.
lat. 52. 17. capital of the bifli. of
Hildefheim, fit. 30 miles S. W. of
Brunfwic, and 17 S. E. of Hano-
ver ; an imperial city, or fovereign
flate, the inhabitants a mixture of
Lutherans and Papifls.
Hi N DON, W. Ion. 2. 14. lat»
51. 12. a borough town of Wilt-
ftiire, fit. 14 m. W. of Saliibury j
fends 2 members to parliament.
HiNDowN, or Hendown, E.
ion.. 76. 3,0. lac. 27. capital of the
couotry
of
lat.
iWilt-
ury 5
S E.
f the
uolry
H I
country of the Hindowns, in the Hi-
ther India, who boaft they were de-
fcendcd from the original inhabitants
of India. In Afia.
HiNDOwN country, is bounded by
the pr. of Delly and Agra on the N.
and E. by Afimer on the S. and W.
HiNGHAM, EJon. I. 7. iat. 52.
37, a market town of Noriolk, fit.
10 m. S.W. of Norwich.
HiNKLEY, W. Ion. I. It/. Iat,
52. 31. a market town of Leicefler-
fliire, fit. 10 m. S. of Leicefter.
Hippo, now Bona, £. Ion. 7.
40. Iat. 36, 30. a port town of
Africa, fit. on the coaft of Algiers
and pr. of Conftantina, 90 m. N.E.
of the city of Conftantina. Here,
*\is faid, St. AuHin was biih. 40
years. Now fob. to Algiers.
H I R c A n; 1 A , the provinces of Per-
fia, in Afia, which lie on thefouthern
ihore of the Cafpian fea, formerly
went under that name, and the Caf-
pian was called the Hircanian fea.
HiRCHFiztD, £. Ion. g. 32. Iat.
50. 47. a city of Germany, in the
cir. ot the Upper Rhine, and Ian. of
Hefle-CafieJ, fit. on the river Fuld,
34 m. S. of CaHcil, fub. to the Laud-
grave.
HiRSBu&G,E.lon.i5. 50. Iat. 50.
' 50. a town of Silefia, in the ter. of
Jawer, fit. 44 m. S.W. of Breflaw j
where are good mineral waters.
HisFANioLA, an ifland of Ame-
rica, in the Atlantic Ocean, is fit.
between 67 and 74 degrees of W,
Ion. and between iS and 20 degrees
of N. iat. being about 420 m. long
from E. to W. and 120 in breadth
from N. toS. fit. 50 m. E. of Cuba,
70 m. E. of Jamaica, 60 m. W, of
Porto-Rico, and 300 m. N, of Terra
Firma j frequently called St, Do-
mingo, from the capital city of that
name. In the rivulets in the middle
of the idand, when the Spaniards ar-
rived, theie was found gold mix'd with
the fandsjbut none is found at prefent.
On the N. and S. fide of the moun-
tains are fine fruitful plains,wcll wa-
tered with rivulets, and liable to be
Qvefflowed. in the rainy ifsafon to-
H I
wards autumn, and no place has moM
commodious harbours. There were
no four-footed animals here, when
the Spaniards difcovered the ifland,
but fome ugly little dogs. They after-
wards imported hones, oxen, Hieep,
afies, hogs, dogs, and other Euro*
pean animals, witiich multiplied ex-
ceedingly ; the Spaniards deferring
the ifland after the gold was ex-
hau^ed, and they had deflroyed all
the natives, amounting to many hun-
dred ihoufand men j hither the Buc-
caniers and other adventurers came
afterwards to hunt the cattle, which
were grown wild, and killed incredi-
ble numbers of them for their hides
and tallow j and here the B'jccaniers
ufed to victual their fliips. The
French finding the ifland almoft de- '
ferted, took poflfeflion of the N. W.,
part of it, which they ftill pofl'efs ;
whereupon the Spaniards returned and
took poiTeflion of Domingo, and the
S. part of the ifland again, to pre-
vent other nations feizing of that,
and interrupting their navigation to
the continent. The country is pretty
well Hocked with timber, viz. oak,
cedar, pine, brafil-wood, manchineal,
the maho, and acoma tree, and fuch
fruit trees as are found between the
Tropics; and both the French and
Spaniards have plantations of fugar
here, and have in a manner beaten
the Englifli out of that trade. Hif-
paniola alfo produces tobacco, and
feveral gums and medicinal drugs.
The capital city of St. Domingo was
taken by Sir Francis Drake, the En-
glifli admiral, anno 1586 ; but quit-
ted again, as feveral other placss
were, in the reign of Q^ Elizabeth.;
the court not thinking it good policy
to keep them j but Cromwell was of
another mind, and fent his generals.
Pen and Venables, with the greateft
force the Englifli ever had in thofe
feas, to poflefs themfelves of St. Do-
mingo, and being difappointed there,
they afterwards fubdued the illand of
Jamaica, anno 1654.
Hitching, W. Ion. 20 min.
lac. 5i< 55. a large populous market
towa
H O
H O
32 m.
N.W.
greateft
town in Hertfordshire, /it.
N, W. of London, and 15
of Hertford j one of the
wheat markets in England.
HiTHE, E. Ion. I. 7. lat. 51. 6.
one of the cinqae ports in the co. of
Kent« fit. on the Enghfh channel,
13 m. S. of Canterbury, and 6 m.
V/. of Dover,
HoAMBo river. SccCrocceus
in China.
HocHSTRT, E. Ion. 10. 25.
lat, 48. 42. a town of Germany,
in the cir. of Suabia, fit. on the
Danube (25 m. N.E. of UJm, and
i6 m. S.W. of Donawcrt j) rendered
memorable by the vidory obtained
by the Engiifh and their cunfederates,
commanded by the Duke of Marl-
borough and Prince Eugene of Sa.
voy, over the French and Bavarians,
commanded by the Duke of Bavaria,
and the Mar/hais Marfin and Tallard,
on the 2d of Auguft, O. S. 1704,
it being computed that near 20,000
of the latter were kiU'd in the field
of battle, and 13000 made prifoners,
and Mailhal Tallard among the reft,
who was brought to England, and
remained a priibner at Noctingham,
till the year 1712.
HoDNET, W, Ion. 2. 32. lat.
52. 48. a market town of Shrop-
shire, fit. xo m. N. E. of Shrewf-
bury.
HoD$DON, lat. 51. 45. a market
town in Hertfordshire, 17 m. due
M. from London.
HoENzoM.ERK, £. lon. 8. 50.
lat. 48. 20. a city of Germany, in
the cir. of Suabia, capital of the co.
of Hocnzollcrn, fit. 25 m. S. of
Stutgard.
HoFATME. See HoNrALisE
in the Netherlands.
HoGUE, W. ion. 2. lat. 49. 50.
a lown and cape on the N.W. joint
• of Nornundy, in France, near which
Admiral Rook burnt the Fici.ch
Admiral called the Rifing Sun, with
12 more large men of war, the day
after the victory obtained by Admi-
ral Rullclj near Cheiburg, in May
idyl* , . ^
HOHENLOE, or HOLACH countjT,
fit. in the cir. of Franconia, where
great difputes have lately happened
between the count, their fbvereign^
and his Proteftant fubje£l5.
HoHio, a river of N. America,
which rifes in the Apalachian moun-
tains, near the confines of Carolina
and Virginia, and running S. W,
falls into the river MiiBfippi, and
is by fome reckoned the principal
ftream which forms the river Miili-
fippi.
HoLDERNECs, a peninfula in
the E. riding of Yorkfhire, having
the German fea on the £. ar>d the
Humber on the S, from whence the
noble family of Darcy take the title
of Earl.
Holland, one of the United
Provinces, fit. 100 m. E. of England,
boun<l:;i by the German fea ou the
N. and W . by the Ziiider fea, which
feparates it from Weft Friefland,
Overyfl'el, and Gueldcrland on the E.
and by Zeland and Utrecht on the
S. about 100 m. long from N. to S.
and fcarce 30 m. broad, but enjoys
the greatelt foreign trade of any p».
in the world j and in point of flieniith
and riches is equal to (he other fix
of the United Fiovinces, though it
his fcarce any native, or ftaple com-
modities, or produce of its own, ex-
cept fome rich paftures, which fur-
nifh them with plenty of butter and
cheefe j and their leas and rivers,
which furni/h them with fiih. They
import every thing elf^ from abroad,
and yet have as great a vaiiety of
manufaiturcs and merchani'ize as
any nation whatever. It is a maga-
ainr, or ftorehoufe, where the pro-
duce of every country i>* lodged,
bought in very cheap, iind often fold
out very dear, to the fame countries,
fomctimes, from whence they pur-
ciiafcd them. Their fleer, if not
their army. Ins leen a match for
almoft any power in Europe.
Holland, the S. E. divifion of
Lincolnshire, a maifliy country } gives
the title of Earl to the noble family
oi RiQh.
Hoi.Mj^
H O
H O
Holm, W. Ion. 3. lat. 54. 45.
a poit and market town of Cumber-
land, fit. on Solway frith, 20 m. W,
of Carlifle.
HoL STEIN, a D. of Germany,
in the cir. of Lower Saxony, is
bounded by Slefwic, or S. Jutland,
on the N. by the Baltic fea, and
the D. of Saxlawenburg on the £.
by the river Elbe, which feparatcs
it from the Duchies of Bremen and
Lunenberg, on the S. and by the
German fea on the W. being about
100 m. long, and 50 broad, a plea-
fant fruitful country, and extremely
well fituated for trade, as it lies on
the Baltic and German feas. Their
trade has been greater, when the
Hanfe-towns flouri/hed, the chief of
them being fituated here ; but there
are ftill very confiderablc ports m
this pr. particularly Hamburgh and
Lubec. The K. of Denmark and
the D. of Holftein-Gottorp have a
joint dominion in great part of it,
and of fome towns and territories each
of them is fole fovereign. There
are alfo fome imperial cities and fo-
vereign ftates, which are governed
by their refpeftive magiftrates ; but
the religion of the whole country is
Lutheran. The K. of Denmark,
as D. of Holrtein, is a Prince of the
Empire, as well as the D. of Holftein-
Gottorp,
Holyhead, W. Ion. 4. 45. lat.
53. 26. an iflaiid and c.ipe of the
CO. of Anglefey, in the Irilh chan-
nel, where people ufually embark
for Dublin in Ireland.
Holy Island, W. Ion, 1.42.
lat. 55. 45. an idand in the German
fea, 6 m. S. of Berwick in Nor-
thumberland.
Holywell, W, Ion. 3. 15.
lat. 53, 23, a town of N. Wale^, in
the CO. of Flint, fit* near the mouth
of the river Dee, 10 m. £. of St.
Aiaph, much reforted to by Papifts
on account of the miracles faid to be
wrought by the waters of St. Wini-
fred's well.
Homberg, E. Ion, 8. 24. lat.
50. 20. a town of Guinany, in the
cir. of the Upper Rhine, and Ian. of
Hefle, fit. 10 m, N. of Francfort, and
gives a title to one of the branches
of the houfe of Hefle, who is fo-
vereign of it.
Homberg, E. Ion. 7. 6. lat. 49*
20, a town of Germany, in the pal.
of the Rhine, and D. of Deuxponts,
fit. 50 m. S. E. of Triers.
HoNAN, a pr. of China, bound-
ed by the pr. of Xanfi and Pekin on
the N, by Xantum and Nankin oa
the E, by Suchuen on the S. and by
Xenfi on the W. lying between 33
and 37 degrees of N. lat. the capital
city Caifum.
Honduras, a pr. of Mexico,
in North America, which, including
the country of the Mofkito Indians,
is fit. between 85 and 94 degrees of
W, Ion. and between la and 16 de-
grees of N. lat. bounded by the bay
of Honduras and the N. fea on the
N. and £. by the pr. of Nicaragua
and Guatimala on the S. and by
Vera Paz on the W. which the
Spaniards lay claim to, but the £n-
gliih have been long pofiefled of the
log-wood country, in the bay of
Honduras, and cut large quantities
there every year j and the Mofkito
Indians en the eaftcrn part of this
pr. are a people independent of the
Spaniards, have entered into treaties
with the Engli/h, and entertained
them in their country, and fervcd
them in f^veral capacities } nor have
the Spaniards any towns or forts
either in the bay of Honduras, or
the Mofkito country.
HoNrALizE,or the Hofatife, E.
Ion. 5. 4;. lat. 50. i;. a town of
the Aiiftrian Nethcrland.<:, in the pr.
of Luxemburg, fit. 32 m. N.W, of
Luxemburg.
Hon FL EUR, E. Ion. i; min.
lat. 49. 24. a port town of France,
in the pr. of Normandy, fit. on the
S. fide of the river Seyne, near the
£n(;ii(h channel.
HoNiTON, W. Ion. 3. 21. lat.
so. 43. a borough town of Devon,
fit. 12 m. E. of Exeter } fends two
members to parliament.
HOOG-
' \l
I'
n
f
M*
■■^^^^WK^ir'^-^'"^'^'''!^ ■"
H O
H O
H00G8TRATEN, E. Ion. 4. 45,
lat. 51, -a5. a town of the Auftrian
Netherlands, in the pr. of Brabant,
aQ m. N. E. of Antwerp.
H o o R N, a port town of the
United Provinces, in the pr. of Hol-
land, fit. on the Zuider Tea, 19 m,
N. of Amftcrdam.
Hope Cape. Sec Bon Espe-
RANCE.
Hope, a ftation in the mouth of
the river Thames, below Gravefcnd.
HoRDS, the tribes of Tartars fo
called.
HoREB, a mountain of Arabia-
petrea, in Afia.
HoRNBURG, E. Ion. 8. 8. lat.
48, i^j'. a town of Germany, in the
tir. of S'jabia, and D, of Wirtem-
berg } fub. to chat Duke,
Hornby, W. Ion. a, 30. lat.
54. 6. a market town of Lancaihire,
£t. 7 m. N. E. of Lancafter.
Horn Cape, W. Ion. 80. S.
lat. 57. 30. the moft fouthern pro-
montory of Terra del Fuego, in S,
America, round which all (hipping
pafTes, of late, from the Atlantic to
the Pacific Ocean, or South fea : the
way through the l^raits of Magellan
being found more tedious, if not
more hazardous.
HornCastt,!, E. Ion. 4 min,
lat. 53. zo. a market town of Lin-
colnfliire, fit. i3 m. E. of Lincoln.
Horn. See Hoorn.
HoRNDON, E. Ion. 30 min. lat,
51. 32. a market town of Edex, fit.
14 m. S. of Chelmsford.
Horns EY, E. Ion. 6 min. lat.
54. a market town of the E. riding
of York/hire, fit. near the German
fea, 35 m. E. of York.
Horsham, W. Ion, 22 min. lat.
51, 10. a market town of SuHex, fit,
ao m. N. W, of Lewes j fendg two
members to parliament,
• Hottentots Country, fit.
between 15 and 3^ dcg^rees of E,
Ion, and between 23 and 35 degrees
of S. lat. being the mod fouthern
promontory of Africa, comprehend-
ing the Cape of Good Hope, and
the red of the Dutch fcttlemcnts
there. It is a mountainous, but ex-
ceeding fruitful country, abounding
in corn, wine, pafiure, fruits, cat-
tle, fifli, fowl, and whatever is pro-
duced in the other quarters of the
world, in the greatell perfeftion,
where it is cultivated by the Dutch j
but the natives neither plow nor
plant the ground, but live chiefly
by grazing of cattle, and what they
take in hunting or fifhing. The
Hottentot nations, who inhabit this
fouthern promontory, are fixteen in
number ; the Dutch fufter the na-
tives to be governed by their owa
laws and cuftoms, being very ufe.
ful to their fettlcments, in rurnifh-
ing them with cattle, and I'erving
them in their hu(bandry, &c. for
which they give them tobacco, wine>
and brandy, and fuch provifions as
they defire, in return. The Hotten-
tot men are of a moderate ftature ;
the women fmall, their complexioa
black ; and in their thick lips, flat
nofes, and fliort hair, they refemble
the negroes, tho' they are not fo
black when they are born, but take
a great deal of pains to make their
children fo with greafe and foot.
The women have a callous flap, or.
fkin, which hangs over the pudenda ;
the men have a cap of greafe, foot,
and cow-dung, mixed together, on
their heads in fummer, and in winter
have flat caps of half dried fkins ;
and they wear mantles, confifting
of undreffed fhecp-/kins, tied with
thongs about their necks, which ferve
them for beds at night, and winding-
(heets when they die ; Their chiefs
wear tyger fkins. They conceal
their nudities with a fquare pi ce of
raw leather, of two hands bieadth ;
their breafts, legs, and thighs have
no covering. The women wear caps
of raw leather, the crown a little
raifed, and a rticcp fkin mantle, like
the men } their apron fomething long-
er, and about their legs they wrap
thongs of raw hides, to the bignefs
of a jack-boot, and a pouch with
proviiion always hangs about their
necks. They adorn themfelves witk
H O
H O
CODS
ittle
like
rings, and thin plates of brafs, tinfel,
giaTs, and beads, and make their
bodies Hiine with melted greafe and
fat inftead of oil. They chufe the
guts of animals rather than other
meat, which they eat half raw,
without waHiing. They feldom kill
their cattle, living chieHy on their
milk, with roots, herbs, and fruits,
unlefs at fcRivals, and then only
on fuch as die of themfelves. Their
drink was milk and water, or but.
tcr-milk, 'till the Dutch introduced
ftrong liquors, which they are very
fond of. Their houfes are round huts
confiding of one room, covered with
hides, or mats, where all ages and
fexes lie promilcuoufly, tho* every
man has his own wives, feldom above
three. A circle of thefe huts upon
a common, is called a kraal, or Hot-
tentot's town, but looks mere like a
camp, and, like our tents, they re-
move them from one part of the
country to another, when they want
fie/h pafture for their cattle. Every
nation has a fovereign Prince, whofe
title is hereditary, but then he has
a great council, which condfls of
the chiefs of every kraal, or town,
of his nation, without whofe concur-
rence he does nothing of confequence ;
and the chief of every kraal has an
hereditary right to his command ;
but neither their Kings or chiefs have
any revenue, but fubfift on their
own ftock of cattle, and what they
take in hunting* Their arms are a
fpear, or half pike, a bow and beard-
ed arrows, and a dart of a foot long.
They never fight on horfcU^ck, but
difcipline their bulls to run at, and
diforder an enemy.
They expofe their fathers in the
fields to be devoured by wild beails,
when they become infirm and ufelefs,
as they do their female children when
they have more then one at a birth.
As to their religion, they believe a
God who created the heaven and
earth, and that he is good, but they
build him no temples, nor worihip
him, or have any images, or repre«
Ceatatioai of him j but it the ap-
pearance of the new niooo, and at
the full moons, they afTemble, dance
in circles, and make great rejoicings,
throwing themfelves into furprizing
diftortions of body, (tare wildly at
the heavens, croHing their ferehead«
with a red (tone, and invoking tlie
moon to be propitious, and fend
them feafonable weather, and pafture
for their cattle. They continue
dancing, fhouting, and proftrating
themfelves on the earth the whole
night, and part of the next day, with -
fome fhort intervals, refting only
when they are quite fpent with the
violence of the action. They aifo
worfhip their departed heroes, and
confecrate woods, mountains, and
rivers to their memory, which when
they pafs by, they put up a fliort
prayer to the deity of the place, and
fometimes dance about it. They
have one rite peculiar to thefe people,
which is the depriving the males of
the left teAicle at S or 9 years of
age i at the perfoimance whereof a
fheep is facrificed, and eaten by the
company invited to it. They fa-
crifice alfo, and have feflivals on a
viftory, and other joyful occiifions,
and upon the removal of their kraal,
or town (as they always do upon the
death of any perfori in it) they facri-
fice a fheep. ' Tis evident they be-
lieve a future ftate, and the immor-
tality of the foul, by the worfhip
they pay to their departed heroes,
and by the fears they entertain of
their friends appearing to them after
death j which is the reafun of re-
moving their camp, believing the
dead nt^ver haunt any place but where
they died.
Ho u DIN, W. Ion. 40 min. lat,
53. 43. a market town of the E.
rjding of Yorkshire, fit. 14 m. S. E,
of York.
HuviNGHAM, W. Ion. 46 min.
lat. 54. 15. a market town of the
E. riding of Yorkfliire, fit, 17 m.
N.E. of York.
HoutswoRTHY, W. Ion. 4. 42,
lat. 50. 50. a market town of Devon,
fit. \Z m, N, W. of Exeter.
HOYI,
li
l>'|
p
H U
Hove, E. Ion. 9. lat. 53. 5. a
town of Germany, in the cir. of
"Weftphalia, capital of the co. of
Hoye, fit. on the river Wefer, 43
m. N. W. of Zell • fub. to tlie
Eleftor of Hanover.
V Hubert (St.) E. Ion. 5, X5.
lat. 50. 5. a town of the Au-
ftrian Netherlands, in th"' pr. of
Luxemburg, At. 30 miles S. £. of
Namur.
Hudson's Bay, W. Ion. 80.
N." lat. between 51 and 63. fit. in
the N. part of Canada, in N» Ame-
rica, where the Englifh Hudfon*s
bay company have feveral forts and
fettlements, and traffic with the
natives for beaver- ikins, and other
ikins and furs, to a very great value,
being one of the mofl gainful trades
our merchants have. But if the
French in the neighbourhood ihould
attack their fettlements, neither
their ganifons or fortifications would
be able to make lung refiftance.
Hudson's Straits, in North
America, lie between 65 and 75
degrees of W, Ion. and between 60
and 64 degrees of N. lat. being the
paflage out of the Atlantic Ocean
into Hudfon*s bay.
HunsoN's RivEK, fifes near
the lake Champlain, in Canada, in
N. America, and running S. pafles
by the Englifh fort of Albany, and
from thence continues its courfe the
whole length of New York, falling
into the fea near the W. end of
Long ifland, a little below the city
of New York.
HuEGLY, E. Ion. 87. lat. 23. a
town in the E. Indies, in Afia, fit. on
an ifiand, in the moil weAcrly branch
of the river Ganges, in the pr. of
Bengal, fit. about 100 m. up the
mouth of the river. It is a large
town, inhabited by Indians and Pur-
tugucfe, and here the Englifh, and
other Europeans, lately had fadlories,
but the Englifh are reanoved lower
down the river to fort William.
HuESCA. W. Ion. 45 min. lat.
4s. 6, a city of Spain, in the pc. of
H U
Arragon, fit. 40 m. N. E. of Sara«
goffa.
Huette, W. Ion. a. 45. lat,
40. 35. a town of Spain, fit. in the
pr. of New Caflile, 67 m. E. of
Madrid.
Hull, or Kingflon upon Hull,
W. Ion. 6 min. lat. 53. 45. a port
town in the £. riding of Yorkfhirc,
fit. on the river Hull, near the
mouth of the Humber, 32 m. S. E,
of York; naturally flrong, as the
adjacent country may be overflowed,
and has feme old fortifications. It
is a place of good trade, and has a
yard for building men of war« and
other veffels.
Hu LP en, E. Ion. 4. 22. lat. 50.
42. a town of the Auflrian Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Brabant, fit. 9
m. S. E. of BrufTelSf and as many £.
of Hall.
Hulst, E. Ion. 3. 50. lat. 51.
20. a town of Dutch Flanders, ca-
pital of the CO. of Waes, fit, 15 m,
N. E, of Ghent, efleemed a ftrong
place.
HuMBER, a river formed by the
Trent, the Oufe, the Derwent, and
feveral other flreams, divides York-
fhire from Lincolnfhire, and falls in-
to the German fea at Holdemefs ;
the counties N, of this river con-
ilituted the K* of Northumberland,
anciently.
Hungary, a kingdom fit. be-
tween 16 and 23 degrees of E. Ion.
and between 45 and 49 degrees of
N. lat. bounded by the Carpathian
mountains, which divide it from
Poland on the N. by Tranfilvania
and Walachia on the E. by the ri-
ver Dravaj which feparates it from
Sclavonia on the S. and by Auflria
and Moravia on the W. It is one
continued plain of 300 m. and up-
wards from Prefburgh, the capital
to Belgrade, divided by the river
Danube into the Upper and Lower
Hungary.
There are no hills but the Car-
pathian mountains, which divide it
from PoJaod, and ia thefe are abun-
daoc*
Aiii
tha
wer
Em
.
and
Infill
on
N
vith
the
eltee
any
city
Tur
C}
is th
but
comf
H U
H U
be-
lon.
;e8 of
ithian
from
up-
:apital
river
Lower
e Car-
vide it
abun-
daoM
dance of rick mines of gold, Alver, and the gentry have loA their art*
copper, iron, vitriol, fulphur, and cient privileges,
fait J the reft of the country is ex- Hungekford, W. Ion. i. 35.
ceeding fruitful, abounding in corn, lat. 51. 26. a market town of Berk-
wine, and rich paftures, replenifhed ihire, fit. on the river Kennet. 24
with herds of cattle j and their nu- m. W. of Reading,
merous lakes and rivers afford them Hunninghen, E. !on. 7. 2^»
plenty of fi(h and fowl ; but the lat. 47. 37. a town of Germany, in
country is very unhealthful, occa' the Ian* of Alface, fit. on the river
iioned by a boggy fulphurious foil, Rhine, 3 m. N. of Bafil, and 50
and the fudden changes of the wea- m. S. of Scraiburg, once a flrong
ther : a kind of peftilence vifitf this
country once in three or four years,
and it is called the grave of the Ger-
mans on another account, many
thouiands of them having perifhed
fortrefs, but the fortifications now
demolifhed j fub. to the houfe of
Auftria.
HuNNONBY, W. Ion. 4 min. lat,
54. 15. a market town in the £.
here by the fword as well as ficknefs, riding of Yorkfliire, fit. 34 m. N. E,
while they contended for the domi- of York.
nion of it with the Turks the laft Huntingdon, W. Ion. 15 min.
aoo years. lat. 52. 23. the capital of Hun«
The conftitution of the govern- tingdonfhire, fit. on the river Oufc,
ment was a limited monarchy, and 56 m. N. of London, and 15 W. of
the crown eleftive, until the houfe Cambridge j fends two members td
of Audria found means to influence parliament.
the States fo far as to render the Huquam, a pr. of China, lying
Sovereign abfolute, and the crown between 25 and 30 degrees of N. Int.
hereditaiy, which is now poirclled bounded by the pr. of Honan on tf-e
by the Emprefs Q^een. N. by Chekiam and Kiamfi on the
The eflabliflied religion is popery, E, by Quamli and Canton on the S,
but half the people are protetlants, and by Ciueicheu on the W, the
who have fufiered a very long and capital city Uucham.
fevcre perfecutio.i from the houfe of Huron Lake, fit. in Canada,
Auftria, and have been thereby f'rc- in N. America, between 84 and
qucntly provoked to join the Turks, Zq degrees of W. Ion. and between
the French, and other enemies of 43 and 46 degrees of N. lat. the
that houfe : but in the late war they country contiguous to this being cal-
were the principal fupport of the led the country of the Hurons, where
Emprefs. the French pretend to have fome fet-
Their troopers are called HufTars, tlcments, and to have entered into
and their foot Heydukes ; and the an alliance with the Indians, who
Infiirgents are a militia that are raifed have found out a way from this lake
on the laft necellity. to their fettlements on the river
No country is better furnifhed Millifippi, which falls into the gulph
vith baths and mineral waters, and of Mexico.
tlie buildings of ihofe at Buda were
elleemed the molt magnificent of
any baths in Europe, while that
City was under the dominion of the
Turk.
Hussars, Hungnrlan troopers.
HusuM, E, Ion. 8. 30. iat, 54,
40. a port town of Slefwic, or S.
Jutland, fit. on the German fca, 35
m. E. of Slefwic, fub. to the D. of
Game is fo plentiful here, that it HoUlein-Gottorp.
IS the common f<iod of the peafants j Huthek field, W. Ion. 1. 34,
but with all thefe advantages, the lat, 53. 37. a market tuwn in the
common people are in a ftatc of W, nding <Sf Yorkfhire, Jit, 36 m,
VJll'alage, to their refpcftive lords, S.W. of York.
JA
JA
\^
!
HuY, E. Ion. 5. 15. lat, <o.35*
t ftrong town of the biHi. ot Liege,
fit. on the river Maes, 16 m. N. £.
of i^amur, taken and retaken feveral
times in the late wars, but Tub. to
the bifli. of Liege.
Hyrcania. See Hircania.
Hyth, one of the cinque ports.
SeeHiTHE. .
J A
JAAR, a river which rifes near
Tongres in the bifh. of Liege,
luns N. £. and falls into the Maes
at Maeftricht, where the battle be-
tween the allies and the French was
fought, Oftober 2, 174.6.
JABLV^KA, £. Ion. 18. lat. 49«
3"'. a town of Silefla, in the ter.
of Trcfchen, lit. 30 in. S. £. of
Tropaw,
Jacatra, capital of the ifland
of Java, See Batavia.
Jacca, W. Ion. 50 min. lat. 42.
50. a city of Spain, in the pr. of
Arragon, (it. 60 m. N. of Saragofla ;
the fee of a bi(h.
J/\rFA otiM JoppA, E« Ion.
36. lat. 32. 20. a port town of Pa-
it'ftine, in Afiatic Turky, fit. 30 m.
N.W, of Jerufalem.
Ja FN A PAT AN, E. lon. 79. lat.
10. a port town of the ifland of
CL'ylon, ia the £. Indies, fit. at the
N. end of the ifland, loo m. N. of
Candy ; fub. to the Dutch.
Jagendork, £. lon. 17, 6. lat.
<o, 8. a city of Silefia^ fit. 12 m.
N.W. of Tropaw.
Jag o (St.) W. lon. 76. 30. lat,
20. capical of the ifland of Cuba,
100 m. N. of Jamaica, in America.
Jago (St.) W, lon. 24. lat. 15.
tic chief of the Cape Vcrd iflands,
j'l Africa, fit. 300 m. W. of Cape
Vcrd i fub, to Portugal.
Jagg (St.) W, lon. 77. S. lat.
\.\\ the c.ipital of the pr. of Chili,
iji S4 America^ fit. 2 leagues W. of
the mountains of Andes, and 18 ]?«
of the Pacific Ocean.
Jaco de la Vega, or Spanifh
town, £. lon. 76. 30. lat. 18. 20,
capital of the ifland of Jamaica, in
America, fit. at the S. £. part of
the ifland, about 7 m, N. W. of
Port PaflTage and the bay of Port
Royal. Here the governor refides,
and the general afl'embly, or par-
liament, and courts of juftice are
held.
Jagosna, E. lon. 22. lat. 43.
20. a town of European Turky, in
the pr. of Servia, fit. on the rivef
Moraw, 70 m. S.E. of Belgrade.
Jaicza, £. lon. 18. lat. 45. 5«
a city of European Turky, in the
pr. of Bofnia, fit. 50 m. N. £. of
Bofnaferaio.
Jalopfs, a country and people
of Africa, lying on the N. fide of
the river Gambia, or Niger, near its
mouth, W. lon. 14. lat. 13. 40.
Jamacorod, E.lon. z8. lat. 59*
15. a town of the pr. of Ingria, in
RufTia, fit. 12 m. S. E. of Narva.
Jamaica, an ifland of America,
fit. in the Atlantic ocean, or N. fea,
between 76 and 79 degrees of W,
lon. and between 17 and 18 degrees,
odd min. N. lat. near 5000 m. S.
W. of England, too m. S. of the
ifland of Cuba, and 70 W. of Hif-
paniola, and 350 m. N* of Terra
Firma, in S. America ; the ifland
lying £. and W. being about 140
m. long, and 60 broad, a chain of
mountains running thro* the middle
of it from E. to W. confiding of
rocks, or fiiff clay, but covered witii
good timber. On the S. fide of the
ifland are favannahs, or level meadow
grounds, cleared of wood, and fit
for paflure. There are an hundred
rivers, or rather torrents, dffcending
precipitately from the movnt)' ,8, and
carrying down with them ftones and
timber ; none of them navigable.
The wirtd fets on the fliore almoft
all day in every part of the ifland,
and off the fliore in the night. Earth-
quakes fometimes happen here ; the
uwn of Port Royal wa« almoft fwal-
lowed
J A
J A
lowed up by one in the year 1692.
In the mountains it rains and thun-
ders almoft every day : it I'ometimes
hails here, but they never fee froft
or fnov\'. Their rainy feafons, in the
flat country, are in May and Otlober,
when they continue a fortnight ; and
thel'e are the feafons for planting.
The £nf,lifli inhabitants are much
decriufed of late years : there are
four Negroes to one white man. Of
the b'acks there may be an 100,000,
and there is a mixed breed of Malat-
toes and Meftifc, The Englifli eat
much the fame food as in England,
snd fome other forts, as yams, po-
tatoes, rice, bread of Indian corn,
and caflavi root, turtle, or tortoife,
and the tropical fruits, fuch as gua-
va's, plaintains, cocoa-nuts and pine-
apples J their wheat flour is all im-
ported. Their liquors are water,
Madeira wine, rum punch, and fome
liquors made uf plantains and other
fruits. The ptoduce of the ifland is
chiefly fugar, but they have planta-
tions of cofl'ec, of the cocoa, or cho-
colate nut, indico and tobacco, Ja-
maica pepper, cotton, woods for
dying, and the mahogany and man-
chineel wood, fait, ginger, medici-
nal drugs and gums. The water is
unwhokfome near the feacoafts,
and has deflroyed thoufands of £n-
gli/h feamen at Fort-Royal. The
common diftempers of the country
are fevers, fluxes and the dry gripes.
This ifland was firft difcovered by
Columbus, anno 1^93 ; and the Sp
niards continued poiiefTcd of it above
150 years, in which time they de-
ftroyed moft of the natives. The
Englifli made themfelves mafters of
it with very little oppofition, in the
{ear 1656, under the command of
*en and Venables, after they had
been difappointed in their attempt
upon Hifpaniola.
Jam AN A, a province of Arabia
in Afia, flt. about the middle of it,
the chief town Jamana, E. Ion. 47.
15. lat. 25. lit. 110 m, S. W. of
£lcatif, and the gulf of Ferfia.
Jamba, £, Ioq. 8;, lat. ^i, a
city of the Hither India, in Ada,
capital of the pr. of Jamba, fit. 220
m. N. £. of Delli.
Jamby, E. ion. loi. S. lat. i.
30. a town on the E. fide of the
ifland of Sumatra, in the £. Indie?,
fit. 160 m. N. of Bencoolen ; where
the Dutch have a fort, and import
from thence pepper, and the bed
fort of canes. In Afia.
James town, W. Ion. 76. 50.
lat. 37. 30. once the capital of Vir-
ginia, in America, and of James co.
fit, in a peninfula on the N. Mc of
James or Pouhatan river, 40 m.
W. of the mouth of it j in whidi
there are not above 80 houfes, and
thofe chiefly houfes of entertainment
for fea-faring men. The feat of tl.e
government and of the courts of jul-
ticc, being removed to Williamfbur^':,
about 7 m. N. of it.
Janeiro, a pr. of Brafil, in f-.
America, fit. between 44 and 49 de-
grees of W. Ion. and bet w con the
tropic of Capricorn and 22 dcgvccs
of S. lat. bounded by the pr. of Spi-
rito Saii£to on the N. by the Arhni-
tic oceaa on the £. and S. and by
the mountains which fepamte ic
from Guaira, in Spanifh America,
on the W. It takes its name from
the river Janeiro, which rifes in the
weflern mountains, and runningeafl-
ward, falls into the Atlantic ocean,
in 23 degrees of S. lat. This is thp
moft valuable pr. the Portuguefe
poflTefs, importing from thence an-
nually, gold and ppecious flones,
which they find in the mountains,
to a prodigious value of late years.
Janikaw, or Janowits, E.
Ion. i^. S. Jat. 49. 45. a town of
Bohemia, fit. 45 m. S.E. of Prague,
fub. to the houfe of Auflria.
Janna, £. Ion. 22. lat. 39. a
town of European Turky, the ca-
pital of the pr. of Janna j the an-
cient Theflaly, fit. 40 m. N. of
Lepanto. >
Japan iflands, fit. between 130
and 144 degrees of E. Ion. and l.<'-
twcen 30 and 40 degrees of" N. in.
the largeft whereof, called Jajun,
R a (iwmc-
J^
J A
:,
h'
. >
(fometimes Niphon) gives its name
to nil the reft, and is about 600 m,
Jong, and from 100 to 150 broad,
the chief town whereof is Jcddo.
The Jargeft ifland next, is Sacock,
parted by a very narrow channel
from Japan, lying 3. of it, and is
about 500 m. round, the capital city
Bongo. The third ifland in magni-
tude, is Tonfa, divided from Japan
and JSaccck by narrow channels, and
is near 400 m. in circumference,
the cipijtal city Tonfa ; befides thefe
are a great many ielfer iflnnds about
them fub. to Japan. Thefe iflands
are ail fub, to one fovercign, or em-
peror, who has 50 or 60 valfal Prin-
ces, or Kings, as they are called,
under his dominion, and can depofe
or punifli them as he fees fit. They
are obliged to attend the court one
half of the year, and have each of
them a houle within the verge of
the King's palace, at Jeddo, The
eldeft fons of the nobiJity- alfo, have
their education at court, where they
are kept till they are preferred to
iome poft. This prince is attended
fcy 5 or 6coo of his guards when he
fees out, and keeps up an army of
2,0,000 horfe, and 100,000 faot,
though to what purpofe is not eafy
to conceive, having no enemies to
conicnd with, unlefs he fufpefts his
vaflals may prove malcontents. His
revenues are greater than thofe of
any monarch tipon earth, and even
than all of them together, if we
might credit thofe who have written
of this country ; and anfwerable to
this immenfe revenue, do they make
the riches of the country, pretend-
ing that their palaces are covered
with gold plates inftead of tiles.
Such accounts as thefe are given us
by the Portuguefe, who firlt trr.f-
Ack'd with this country, and by
/ome of our country-men, who
traded to Japan 150 years ago j but
thefe and all other Chriftians have
been banifhed Japan thcle hR hun-
dred years, on pretence of a confpi-
racy the Portuguefe and their Japan
prgfelytes had formed againii the
flate. The Dutch only were admit-
ted to trade thither afterwards j and
they were permitted this privilege,
'tis faid, on declaring they were no
Chriftians, and then trampling upon
the crofs to confirm the Japanefe in
this opinion. And the Japanefe are
fo fufpicious even of the Dutch,
that when any of their fhips arrive,
they take away their guns, fails and
helm, and carry them on fliore till
they are ready to fail j and the Dutch
factors, who are fhut up in a little
penjnfula, during the 8 months their
/hipping is abfent annually, are not
fuffered to have fo much as a lighted
candle in their houfes, in the night
time. The goods the Dutch carry
to Japan, are fpices, fugars, filksy
woollen and linen cloth, elephants
teeth, and haberdafhery wares } for
which they receive in return, gold,
filver, fine copper, cabinets, and other
japan and lacquered wares. The Ja-
panefe ufe neither tables, beds, or
chairs, but fit and lie upon carpets
and matts, as the Turks do.
]afar A, E. Ion. no. S. lat. 6,
a port town of the ifland of Java,
in the Eaft Indies, in Afia, fit, 250
m, E. of Batavia, This was the
capital of a confiderable K. till the
Dutch made themfelves maflers of
it ; but it is now a colony of the
Datch, as the reft of the towns on
the N. coaft of Java are,
Jarislaw, or Yerislaf, E»
Ion. 41. lat. 58. capital of the pr,
of Jariflaw, in Ruflia, fir, on the
river Wolga, 140 miles N, E. of
Mv)fcow.
Jarislaw, E. Ion. iz. 20, lat.
50, a city of Poland, in the pr. of
Red-Rufiia, fit. 100 m. E. of Cra-
cov/, fub. to Poland.
Jarnac, \V. Ion. 12 min. lat.
45. 48. a town of France, in the
pr. of Orleanois, and ter. of An-
g,oumois, fit. on the river Cliarente,
20 m. W. of Angoulefme.
Jaromits, E. Ion. 15. 32. lat.
50. 20. a town of Bohemia, fit. 26
m. S. W. of Glatz.
jAS(i.wis, E, lon« 5S, N. I2^.
25,
JA
J A
25, a port town of Per/ia, in Afia,
in the pr. of Kherman, fit. on the
gulph of Ormus, 160 m. S. £. of
Gombron.
Java, an ifland of the £. Indies,
in Afia, fit. between 102 and 113
degrees of £. ]on. and between 5
and 8 degrees of S. lat. being abuut
700 m. long from E. to W, and
100 broad, the ifland of Borneo
lying on the N. the ftraits of Baly
on the £. the Indian ocean on the S.
and the flraits of Sunda and Suma«
tra on the W. the chief town Ba»
tavia, or Jacatra. This iiland is
mofl part of it under the dominion
of the t)utch, and befides the native
Javans, is inhabited by Chinefe, Ma-
layans, (natives of Malacca, or their
defendants ) Amboynefe Topafles,
(a mixed breed ) BugafTes, (whofe
anceftors came from the idand of
MacafTar ) Tymoreans, and many
other people, who have been brought
from diflant countries and iflands
by the Dutch; out of which feveral
nations, the Dutch have formed a
body of 10 or iz,ooo regular troops,
befides their European forces, to
Iceep their fubje6ls in awe. By tranf-
planting fuch numbers, they peopled
their colonies in Java, and fecured
the countries they had fubdued,
againd any infurre^tions, or con-
fplracies, that might be formed a<-
gainfl them in thofe iflands and
countries ; for having the mod con-
fidetable families in their power,
which they had fpared from thofe
nalTacres they had committed in the
fpice ifiands and elfewhere, it was
prefumed the remainder would not
have the fpirit, or power, to at-
tempt any thing againft their tyrants.
Bjfides land forces, the Dutch have
fuch a fleet of men of war in their
ports in Java, that tbcy command
ail the coaft of Afia and Africa, and
give laws to the liuropeans who
iiade in thofe fe.is, as well as to the
natives, not fufferiog the Europeans
to trade with any ot the Indian iia-
tions but thofe they fee fit. They
have actually excluded the Englilh^
and all other nation?, from thofe
countries where the fine fpiccs grow,
and from all commerce with cini
great iflands of Java and Macaniv, ,
or Celebes, and the continent of Ma>
lacca. And by their "ts and gar-
rifons near the flraits ot AlaJucca and
Sunda, can at any time exclude alt
nations from the trade to China. 1 he
ifland of Java is mountainous in the
middle, but near the fliore it is a le*
vel country, and encumbered vvitii
bogs and moraflies pretty much, ex-
cept near Batavia, Bantam, and o-
ther Dutch colonies, where the lands
are well drained and cultivated. The
only corn almoft that grows in the
country is rice. They have alfu
plantations of fugar, cofl'eeand tobac-
co ; and their kitchen gardens pro-
duce peas, beans, roots, falbds, me-
lons, &c. They have alfo abiind;incc
of grapes, but the climate is too hot
for wine. They have cocoes, man-
goes, oranges, and fuch other fruita
as grow between the Tropics, and
a great deal of good oak, cedar, red-
wood, and other timber. 1 he Dutch
levy what taxes they ple.Ui; on
the inhabitants, but the Chinefe
who were fome of the cxpertcft mer-
chants on that fide of the world,
brought them in the moft conlide-
rable revenue, by the duties and
cufloms they paid, and yet grew
vaftly rich and powerful, as the
Dutch gave out, and entered in-
to confpiracies to difpolfefs them
of the ifland, and that they, the
Dutch, had no way to fecure them-
felves but by a general maflTacre of
the Chinefe, which they put in exe-
cution, in the year 1740. But the
Dutch in Europe, pretended to be a-
larmed at the barbarity of the a^ti.on,
and fent orders to Batavia, to try the
governor for the faft. And indeed
it feems ftrangc, that when the Dutch
had a fortified town, and the L'hi-
ncfe had delivered up all their anns,
that the governor Aoold ftiJl apj.rc^
hcnd himfelf lu danger ftoui naked
unarmed nun ; it is repoiteJ, that
aoX, viily the governor^ hui xcany
R 3 «r
I c
ef the foldiers and others, who were
concerned in this terrible malTacre,
(wherein ao,ooo men, women and
children, were deftroyed) grew im*
menfely rich by the plunder of the
Chinefe, which made it fufpefled
that the wealth of that colony was
the grand inducement the Dutch had
to fall upon them.
Java the Less, or Bally,
is a fmall ifland on the £. of Java
Major, and feparated from it by a
narrow channel. See Bali.
Jaweb, E. Ion. 16. iz. lat, 51.
S. a city of SileHa, capital of the
D. of Jawer, fit. 25 miles W, of
Breflaw.
Jazy, E. Ion. 28, 40. lat. 47.
35. a city of European Turky, ca-
pital of Moldavia, fit, on the river
Pruth, 120 m. S. E. of Kaminec.
Iberia, the ancient name of
Spr:in.
Iberia, the ancient name of
Cicorgia, in Afia, fir. between the
Euxine and Cafpian fea"*
Iburg, £. Ion. 7. 40. lat. 52.
20. a town of Cerm.my, in the cir.
of Wefiphalia and bifli. ofOfn^brug,
fir. 12 m. S. of Oi'nabrug.
IcEi AND, an ifland of Denmark,
IS fit, between 10 and 26 degrees of
W, Ion. and between 64 and 67 de-
grees of N. lat. 500 m. W. of the
coafl of Norway, and almoft as many
jn. N, of Scotland, being about 300
m. in length from E. to W. and 150
in breadth from N. to S. the Vice-
roy, or Governor, refiding in the
fort of Beftede, in the S. W. pait
of tlie Ifland. The natives living in
little huts covered with Ikins, or
the bark of trees. The air is extreme
cold, and yet the foil is not fo barren
as that of Norway, under the fame
parallel, hut affords parture for hor-
fus, cows, and other cattle, and the
natives ate very long-liv'd, a ftrong
hardy race, M/ho cloathe themfclves
wilii the fkins of bcafls j whales and
©ther fi/h are very plentiful on the
coaft, which makes the Dutch come
and HQx here fometimcs j though the
Daoues claim the fole dommiva of
JE
thefe Teas* Their mountains are al-
ways covered with fnow, and yet
there are three Volcano's on them,
from whence there continually ifluc
flames and fmoak. The largefl of
them is upon mount Heda, which
cannot be approached without dan*
ger. The Danes have feveral colo-
nies on the coafts of this ifland, a:.d
have perfuaded fome of the natives,
who are an honeft tra£lable people,
to profefs Chriflianity, but thofe
who live at a difiance from their
fettlements, are ftill Pagans, The
Danes and fome other nations, trad^
with the natives for their hides, tal-
low, butter, whale-oil and btne, dried
fifli, and fea-horfe teeth, which are
eAeemed equal to ivory.
IcKwoRTH, £. Ion; X. lat. 52*
20. a town of Suffolk, ftU 6 m, E^
of Bury. ....
ICONIUM. SeeCoGNK.
Ida, a mountain in the ifland
of Candia, or Crete, in the Medi-
terranean, S, of the Archipelago.
There is another mountain of the
fame name in the N. W, part of the
Lefler Afia, or Natolia j one of which
is ceiebratef? by the poets, for the
judgment oi ^aris on the beauty of
the three goudefTeo. *.
Idanha Velha, W, Ion, 7,
20. lat. 39. 40. a city of Portugal^
in the pr. of Eflremadura, fit. 46 m.
N. E, of Portalegre.
Idria, E. Ion. 14, lat. 46. 25.
a town of Germany, in the cir. of
Auftria and D. of Carniola, fit. i6-
m. N. E. of Goritz ; confiderable
for its mines of quickfilver,
Idstein, E. Ion. 8, lat. 50.
15. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of the Upper Rhine, in the-
Wctteraw and co, of Na/I'au, fit. la^
m. N. of Ment5?, fub> to a Prince
of the houfe of NafTau.
Idumea, or Edom, a country
fo called anciently, part of Arabia
Pctraa, in Alia, lying between Pa-
lefline and the Red Sea, peopled by
the defcendants of Efau,
Jean de An gel i, W. Ion. 22*
iuin> lat» 46, a towa of Fiance, fit*
in
JE
J ^
in the pr. of Guienne and ter. of
Santoigne^ on the river Boutone^ 35
m. S. E. of Rochelle.
Jean de Luz, W. Ion. i. 32.
lat, 43. 30. a port town of France,
in the pr. of Gafcony^ fit. near the
frontiers of Spain, 8 m. E. of Font-
arabia, and iz S.Wt of Bayonne.
Jean de Maurienne, E. Ion.
6. 8. lat. 45. 16. a city of Italy,
in the pr. of Savoy, fit, 30 m. S.E.
of Chamberry.
Jean Pied de Port, W. Ion.
1. zo. lat. 43. 16. a town of France,
in the pr, of Navarre, fit, on the
river Nive, on the frontiers of Spain,
23 m. S, of Bayonne.
Jedburgh, W. Ion. 2. 15. lat.
55. 25. a town of Scotland, capital
of Tiviotdale, or Roxburgh, fit. 36
xn. S. £. of Edinburgh.
Jeddo, E. Ion. i4i« Jat. 36.
the capital city of the Tuands of Ja-
p3n, in Afia, fit. on a bay in the
Pacific Ocean, on the E. fide of the
ifland of Japan Proper, or Niphcn,
3C0 nri- N. E. of Saccai. The fplen-
dor and magnificence of the royal
palace and public buildings in this
Imperial city, are not to be equalled,
in the opinion of thofe Europeans
that have feen it, who relate that
the roofs of fome of thei^ are of gold
plates. The Emperor's palace and
gardens in the middle of the city,
are five m. in circumference. The
Japanefe build upon one floor, and
their rooms are parted by a kind of
folding fcreens, fo that they can en^
large or contradt their rooms and
apartments as they fee fit.
Jekyl, a TmiU ifland in the
mouth of the river Alatamaha in
Georgia, a Biitifh cvolony in Ame-
rica, fottiflcd by Mr, Oglcthorp.
JeMPTIA, or JeMPT ERI.AND,
a pr. of Sweden, bounded by the pr.
of Angermania on the N. Medelpa-
dia on the E, Helfingia en the S,
and Norway on the W.
Jena, E. Ion. -11. 44. lat. 51. a
city of Germany, in the cir. ol" Up-
per Saxony, and Ian. of Thuringia,
fit* ou the river Sala, la in. £. of
Weimar, and is an nif. Tub* to !i#
D. of Saxc Weimar
Jende, a great ke of Sw en»
in the pr. of FinlauJ, and u, of
Tavaftia.
Jenisa, a great river of JRufiia,
that runs from S. to N. through the
pr. of Siberia, parallel to the Oby,
and falls into the Frozen Ocean £,
of that river, in 7a degrees of E,
Ion. and 70 degrees of N. lat.
Jenkoping, £. Ion. 14. 30. lat,
57. 30. a city of Sweden, in the pr,
of Gothland and ter. of Smalland,
fit. at the S. end of the Weter Lake,
90 m. S. E. of Gottenburg,
Jeno, or Geno, E, Ion. 21. 45,
Jat. 46. 50. a town ef Upper Hun*
gary, fit. ao m. S. of Great War-
radin, and 48 N. £. of Segedin, fub»
to the houfe of Auftria.
Jersey, W. Ion. 2. 20. lat. 49,
20. an iflmd of the Englifh chan-
nel, fit. 15 m. W. of the coall of
Normandy, in France, and 80 m. S.
of Portland, in Dorfetiliire, fub, to
Gr.eat-Britain. It is about 30 m,
in circumference, of difficult accefs^
on account of the rocks, fands,
and forts, erected for its defence.
It contains 12 parifhes, tb*; chief
town St. Hilary, in the S. of the
ifland. There is more fruit than
corn in the ifland, and it is well
watered with rivulets. It lies ex-
tremely well for trade in time of
peace, and to annoy the French vvitlt
their privateers in time of war. They
have a pretty woollen manufadory of
flockings, caps, &c. and they are de-
fcended from French r-—l]ors, and
are ft ill governed by the Normaa
laws. The courts of England have
no jurifdid\ion here.,
Jersey New, in N. America,,
may be bounded by a line drawa
from the river Delawar, to Hud-
fon's river, in 41 degrees N. lat,
on the N. by Hudfon's river, vvhicb
divides it from New-York, and by
the Atlantic Ocean on the E. by
the fame ocean on the S. and by
Delawar bay and river, which fepa-
late it freniFenr.ijtvania, on the W^
ijing
JE
JE
lying between 74 and 76 degrees of
W. Ion. and between 39 and 41 de-
grees of N. lat. being about 140 m.
in length from N. to S. and 60 in
breadth from £. to W. and ufually
fubdivided into £. and W. Jerfey,
though the whole now conftitutes
but one royal government, i. e. the
K. appoints the governor and coun-
cil, and the freemen chufe the mem-
bers of the reprefentative body of
the commons j and fometimes the
governor of New-York is governor
of New-Jcrfey, but by a diftin£t
commiflion ; the chief towns are
Burlington, and Perth-Amboy, and
Elizabeth town. The produce of
the Jerfeys is wheat, Indian corn,
peas, beans, barley, oats, horfes,
black cattle, hogs, furs, fkins, and
pipe ftaves. To the Englifli iflands
in the Weft-Indies they fend bread,
corn, flour, horfe corn, falted beef,
pork and fiHi, for which they receive
rum, fugar, and other produce of
thofe iflands in return. They trade
to England alfo with their furs, fkins^
and other produce, taking furniture
and cloatbing in return. The fhip«
ping of New- York and Jerfey, alfo
take whales, and fend the oil and
bone to England.
Jerusalem, E. Ion. 36. lat. 32.
the capital city of Judea, or Paleftine,
in Afiatic Turky, fit. 30 m. E. of
the Levant, or Mediterranean Sea,
90 m. S. of Damafcus, 300 m. S.
of Aleppo, and zjo m. N. E. of
Grand Cairo. It flands on a high
rock, with fteep afcents on every
iide, except on the N. furrounded
with a deep valley, which is again
encompafled with hills. The city is
at prefcnt 3 m. in circumference, and
has a little altered its tituation j for
mount Calvary, appropriated to tht
execution of criminals, was formerly
without the walls, but has now drawn
the city round about it, and flands
in the midde of modern Jerufalem,
and Mount Sioir is left without the
walls, which ftood near the center 5
the wails and fortifications feem ve-
ry antique however. The private
buildings 'mean, and but thinly in-
habited. The refort of Pilgrims hi-
ther only renders it confiderable at
prefent j and the accommodating
them with lodgings and provifions, is
the chief bufinefs of the inhabitants.
For the protection of the Pilgrims
againft the Arabs, and to.receive the
tribute exacted of them, a Bafha
always refides here with a guard of
Janizaries. The church of the Ho-
iy Sepulchre, which the Pilgrims
chiefly come to vifit, (lands upon
mount Calvary, and is a magnificent
fabric, in which every Chriilian na-
tion almofl has a peculiar chapeU
Over the middle of the temple there
is a cupola, open in the middle, at
which it receives the light, and un-
der this open cupola ftands the glo-
rified fepulchre. There are alfo in
this church, 12 or 13 places confe-
crated on account of fome partiailar
actions done in them, relating to-
the death and refurreftion of Chrift j
as the place where he was nailed to
the crofs, the place where the fol-
dier ilood who pierced his fide,
where the angels appeared to the
women after the refurreftion, &c,
and on Good-Friday annually, our
Saviour's paflion is folemnized in this
church, and all the parts of it aded 5
fuch as the nailing him to the crofs ;
crowning him with thorns, taking
the body down from the crofs j and
here is feen the cleft of the r6ck,
which was made by the earthquake,
when our Saviour expired.
Jesi, E. ion. 14. 40. lat. 43.
45. a city of Italy, in the pr. of
AncOna, and ter. of the Pope, fit,
23 m. W. of Ancona. The lee of
a bi/h.
Jesso, or Yedso, E. Ion, 140,
N. lat. 40. a country of Afia, which
lies N. of Japan, and is conjeftured
to exun-. N. E. to the American
continent j but we have httle know-
ledge either of the country, or of
the people who inhabit it.
Jesselmere, E. ion. 73. 20,
lat, 27. capital of the pr. of Jfflel-
mere, in the £. Indies, iu Af>a,
IL
I N.
fit, 350 m, W. of Agra, and as
many N. of Surat, fub. to the Mogul.
Jesuat, a pr. of India, in Afia,
bounded by Patan on the N. and
Bengal on the S. and fometimes de-
fcribed as a fub-divifion of Bengal,
fub. to the Mogul.
JtvER, E, loHi 7. 5. lat. 5-^. 50.
a town of Germany, in the cii. of
Weftphalia, and co. of Embden, or E.
Frieflanc, lit 16 m.N.E, of Embden.
Iglaw, £. Ion. 15. 7. lat. 49.
j6. a town of Germany, in the pr,
of Moravia, fit. on the river Igla,
on the frontiers of Bohemia, 68 m,
S. W. of Oimutz, fub. to the houfe
of Auftria.
Ihor, E. Ion. log, N, lat. 3.
capital of the pr. of Ihor, in Malac-
ca, in Afia, near the S. point, or
cape of the further Peninfula of In-
dia, fit. I20 m. S. E. of Malacca,
fub. to the Dutch.
' Ilchester, W. Ion. a. 45. lat.
51. 5. a borough town of Somerfet-
(hirc, fit. 14 m. S. of Wells ; fends
two members to parliament.
Ildephomso, a palace of the K*
of Spain's,
Ilheos, or Rio de Ilhio", a
pr. of Brafil, in S. America, bounded
by the captainship, or pr. of Bahia,
or the bay of All Saints, on the N.
by the Atlantic Ocean on the E. and
by the captainfhip of Seguro on the
S. fub. to Portugal.
Ill, a river of Germany, which
rifing near Bafil, in Switzerland,
runs N. through Alface, and having
paired by Coimar, Schelftat, and
Strafl^urgh, falls into the Rhine a
little below the laft city,
Illenois Lake, between 88
and 93 degrees of W. Ion. and be-
tween 41 and 46 decrees of N. lat,
fit. in Canada, in N, America, hav-
ing a communication with the Hu-
ron lake on the N, E. by a r^arow
channel. The country contiguous
to this lake, being called the coun*
try of the Illenois, faid to be in al-
liance with the French,
Iller, a river of Germany, which
Tifing in the mountains of Tyrol>
runsN. thro* Susbia, by Kcmpf?n,
Memmingen and Kirchberf, lalling
into the Danube at Ulm.
Ilmen, a lake in the pr. of Crest
Novogrod, in RuHi;), in 34 defreea
E. Ion. and 58 degrees N. lat. which
has a communication with the lake
Ladoga, by the river Wolcoff.
Ilmister, VV. Jon, ^. 5. lat,
50. 55. a market town < f Somer-
fetlhJre, fit. 24 m. S.W. of Wells.
Ilock, E. Ion. 20. 32. lat. 45.
33. a town of Sclavonia, fit. on the
Danube, 50 m. N. W. of Belgrade,
fub, to the houfe of Auftria.
Ils, a river of Germany, which
rifing in the mountains of l3ohemia,
runs S. and falls into the Danube at
Paflau.
Ilsley, W. Ion. I. jc. lat, 51.
32. a market town of Berkihire, fit,
10 m. N. W. of Reading,
Imenstat, E. Ion. 10. 8. lat.
47. 25. a town of Germany, in the
cir, of Suabia, fit. 15 m. S. of Kem-
pcn, and 18 m. £. of Lindau,
Immeretta, a pr, of Afiatle
Tiirky, fit. between Georgia and the
Euxine Sea.
ImolA) E, Inn. T2. 12. lat. 44.
30. a city of Italy, in the pr. of
Romania and ter. of the Pope, fit.
17 m, E. of Bologna,
Imperial, W. Ion. 80. S. lat,
39. a city and port town of the pr,
of Chili, in S. America, fit. at the
confluence of two rivers, 9 m. E,
of the Pacific Ocean, and 70 m, N.
of Baidivia. «
India Proper, (the country
firft fo denominated) ii fit. between
66 and 92 degrees of E. Jon. and
between 7 and 40 degrees of N. lar,
being bounded by Ufbec Tartary and
Thibet on the N. by another part
of Thibet, the kingdoms of A'em,
Ava and Pegu, on the E, the bay of
Bengal and the Indian Ocean on the
S, and by the fame ocean and Perfia
on the W. being about 2000 m. in
length from N, to S, and 1500 m.
in breadth from E. to W, where
broadcft, tloo' the fouthern part of
the ^TiL'^fula is not 300 sa» broad ;
I N
IN
alJ the countries within thefe limits
being now Tub. or tributary to the
Great Mogul. It is frequently called
Indodan, a name fuppofed to be de-
jived i'lom the river Indus, on its
wcdern frontiers. It is alfo called
MuguKlan, from the imperial family
now upon the throne, who derive
thoir pedigree from Tamerlane, a
Mogul, or Mogul Tartar. It was
the Emperor Aurengzebe who made
a conqucft of Golconda, Vifiapour,
and ail the fouthern kingdoms of
India, about the year 1685.
The Europeans had very little in-
tercourfe with India till the year
1498, when the Portuguefe difco-
vered the way thither by fea, round
the Cape of Good Hope, and they
enjoyed that traffic without a rival
till the year 1600, when the EngliOi
and Dutch put in for a /hare of it ;
and thefe three nations have had
their forts and fa£turies on the con-
tinent of India ever fince ; but the
Dutch have driven both the other
from the Spice lOands, and mono>
polized that trade thefe 100 years
paft. The produce of the continent
of India, and what the Europeans
import from thence, is chiefly chints,
calicoes, muHins, fome fillc, and pep-
per, and diamonds, which are pur-
chafed by mod nations with filvcr,
but the Dutch frequently barter fpi-
ces for them, which makes the India
trade doubly advantageous to them.
The northern part of India is a
temperate, healthful climate ; the
fouthern countries too. hot, efpeci-
ally when the hot winds blow in
April and May, but they are re-
freshed with breezes from the fea
conftantly, about noon } for in the
night, and early in the morning, the
wind fcts off the fhore, and blows
•n the fhore the reft of the d;iy.
The periodical raini vifit them in
June, and continue *till 0£Vober,
which is the feafon for planting and
fowing tbeir lands towards the S.
wh^re they have fcarce any grain but
rice. In the northern countries they
lure ^P9i wheat, and almoA ill
manner of grain ; and in one part of
other of the MoguPs dominions every
thing is produced that can render i'fe
defirable, except liberty ; for though
the fubjedls that are at a diHance
from court live as eafily as under
moft monarchies, yet the Mogul is
an abfolute Prince, and can com-
mand their lives and fortunes at plea-
fure. The Blacks inhabit the fouth-
ern part of India, and are a people
lately conquered ; the complexion of
thofe in the northern provinces is
cither white or an olive ; thefe are
the governing part of the nation,
and of the Mahometan religion ; the
reH are Pagans, and uorfhip idols of
various /hapes, fomc very monftrous,
part human, and part beaft of fifh,
and fcarce any living animal but they
adore, particularly the ox and the
monkey. The Mogul's forces are
computed to amount to 30o,oco
horfe, fome have cjUed them a mil-
lion, btfidcs the forces of the Ra-
jas, or tributary Ptinces, who are
obliged to attend the Mogul with
their refpe^live troops. In the fair
feafon, the Mogul ufually takes the
field, and makes a tour about parC
of his dominions, and all manner of
tradefmen, merchants, and mecha-
nics, follow the camp, fcarce any
body is left in the great towns ;
there are markets of all kinds in the
carmp, as in the bcfl regulated towns,
and when the time of the rain:> ap-
proach, they return into the tOvvna
a^iiain. The Mogul's annua! rcvenuci
is computed to amount to between
40 and 50 millions Heiling, arifmg
by the produce of ths foil (of which
he is proprietor, as well as fovcreign,
and every one obliged to pay fuch
a rent as is required by his com-
miiTaries) by duties and cuftoms oa
merchandize, by forfeitures and ef-
chcats, being heir to all his great
officers, and by prcfcnts, which are
expe£lcd from all his governors, and
thofe who have a dependance on
iiim } and laftly, by the produce of
the diamond mines of Golconda,
which is not incoafiderable*
India
I N
I N
iNniA beyond Ganges, lies be-
tween 92 and 104 degrees of E. Ion.
and between the Equator and 30
degrees of N. lat. bounded by Thi-
bet and Boutan on the N. by China,
Tonquin, and Cochin-China, on the
£. by the Indian Ocean on the S.
and by the Hither India, the bay
of Bengal, and the ftraits of Ma-
lacca, on the W. being near 2000
in, in length fronri N. to S. but of
a very unequal breadth j in which
limits are comprehended the King-
doms of Afem, Ava, Pegu, Lao?,
Siam, Cambodia, and Malacca, go-
verned by as many (evcral Indian
Princes ; only the Dutch have ufur-
ped the dominion of Malacca. The
yovernment in thefe countries is
monarchical, but what the revenues
or forces of the refpeftive Princes
may be, is uncertain } we having
but very little intercourfe with moll
of them, except near the coaft.
Great part of this country lying fo
near the Equator, would be intole-
rably hot, if it were not for the pe-
riodical rains which overflow the
country when the Sun is vertical ;
and they were not refrefhcd every
day by the fea breezes. But then
they have this inconveniency, that
they are forced to build their houfes
upon high wooden pillars, and live
in their upper rooms during the flood,
which larts 4 or 5 months, and catj
hive no communication with one
another but by boats, in the flat
country. The complexicn of the na-
tives of all the Further India, is an
olive colour j their religion I'ngan'fm,
of variou I'eds. 'I'licrc is no country
where there are fuch numbers of
ek'plwnts as in tbe Furthti India,
and confeijuently they muft have a
great deal of ivory. Here alio our
merchants meet with guld and pre-
cious fljncs, cines, oiium, and fl;ch
other arti( Ic? as aic ufuall;, found in
countries within tlicTropiis. But
there is no other ct-tn than tkc,
which llu'v plant in the beginning of
the lainF, ano liic flood iturcaling
ai it grow", they have no cccafi<>n
to water their fields, and when the
waters retire, it is the time of their
harvefl-.
Indies West, fo called at firft,
on a prel'umption they extended, and
even joined, to the E. Indies, tho'
diftant from them, in reality, half
the circumference of the globe.
Inorapore, E. Ion. 99. S. lat,
2. 20. a Dutch fettlement on the
W. coaft of Sumatra, in the E. In-
dies, in Afia, fit. 160 m. N. W. of
Bencooien.
Indus, a river of Afia, rifes in
the mountains which feparate Tar-
tary from India, and running from
the N. E. to the S. W. paflbs thro*
the provinces of Cafimerc, Attock,
Multan, Buckor, and Tatta, dil-
charging itfclf by feveral channels
into the Indian Ocean, a little below
the city of 'I'ata. It is a noble, deep,
and navigable river for vclTels of any
bulk almud, but the mouth of it fo
choaked up with fand, that fliips
c'.nnot enter it. Shah Nadir lately
ntndc this river the boundary bc«
t\\e;:n India and Pcrfia.
Incelsh£Im, E. Ion. 7. 40*
lat, 50, a town of Germany, in the
pai. of the Rhine, fit. 8 m. S. W,
cf Mente j fub. to the Eledor Pa-
latine.
iNcor.sTAT, E. Ion. 11. 30,
lat, 4S. 45. a town of Germany, in
the cir. of Bavaria, fir, on the Da-
nube, 30 m. W. of Ratifbon, and
45 m. N. of Munich, taken and re-
taken feveral times m the late \\\\\i.
Incria, a pr. ofRuflia, bound-
ed by the lake Lidog:^, tic- river
Nieva, and the j,ul|)h of Finland nn
the N. by Grc.nt Novcgorod on the
E. and S. and bv L'vunia on the W,
the c tpital city Pcierlburf .
Inn, a great ruer winch rilci
in a mountain of the A'['», in the
C'luntry or the (Jrilons, luns N. E.
thro' 'i'yrol, by In'pruc, und conti-
nuing its cour/e N. E. thio' Bavaria,
pailcs by Kufstain, (Jctingen, and
Bninau, Jiftharging icfelt ia;o the
Danube at rallau.
JO
I R
I
J
I [
Innirkeithing, W, Ion. 3,
15. lat. 56. 5. a pari, and port town
or Scotland, in the co. of Fjfe, fit.
on the N. ftiore of the frith of Forth,
10 m. N. W. of Edinburgh.
Innerlochy, or Fort William,
W. Ion. 5. 15. lat. 56. 55, a fort-
refs lately ere^ed in the Highlands
of Scotland, at the mouth of a bay,
or lake, in the co. of Lochabar, 28
tn. S. W. of Lochnefs, and 100 m.
N. W. of Edinburgh.
Inniskilling, W. Ion. 7. 50.
lat. 54. 20. a littic firong town of
Ireland, in the pr. of Ulfter, and
CO. of Fermanagh, fit. between two
lakes, ao m. £. of Bailyfhannon.
The inhabitants whereof diflinguiHi-
ed themfelves in feveral fmart adlions
in the wars of Ireland, at the revo«
lution. '
Inspruck, £. Ion. 11. 26. lat.
47. 12. a city of Germany, in the
cir. of Auftria, capital of the co. of
Tyrol, fit. on the river Inn, 55 m.
S. of Munich, and 70 m. N. of
Trent ; fub. to Auftria.
Inverarv, W. Ion. 5. lat. 56.
28. a pari, town of Scotland, in the
CO. of Argyle, fit. on Lochfine, 45
m. N.W. of Glafgow, and 75 m.
N. W. of Edinburgh.
Inverness, W. Ion. 4. lat. 57..
36. a port town of Scotland, capital
of the CO. of Inverncfs, fit. at the
mouth of the river Nefs, on Murray
frith, 106 m. N. of Edinburgh, and
60 m. N. E. of Innerlochy,
Inverary, W. Ion. 2. 6. lat.
57. 16. a pari, town of Scotland, in
the CO. of Mar, fit. on the river
Don, 13 m. W. of Aberdeen, and
So N. E. of Edinburgh.
Joanna, £. Ion. 45. S. lat. 12.
one of the ifiands of Comoro, fit.
between the N.W. pait of Mada-
safcar, rnd Zanguebar, in Africa,
Here tljc E. India ihips, bound for
Botnbay in India, frequently touch,
•Md ukf. in water and frefn provi.
lion%, it being a plentiful country,
■nd the people vety ready to fupply
then*.
JoHN'i (St.) S.lon. u6, lat. 7,
pne of the Philippine iflands, in tlie
E. Indies, in Afia, lying E. of Min-
danao, from which it is feparated by
a narrow Arait.
John's (St.) W. Ion. 65. lat. 47,
an idand in the bay of St. Lawrence,
in N. Americ?., having New Scot-
land on the S. and W. and Cape
Brecon on the E. fub. to France.
JoiGNY, E. Ion. 3. 28. lat. 47.
55. a town of France, in the pr. of
Champain, fit. on the river Yonnc,
30 m. S. W. of Troyes.
JoiNviLLE, E. Ion. 5. 15. lat,
48. 27. a town of France, in the
pr. of Champain, fit. on the river
Marne, 50 m. N. £. of Tioyet.
Ionia, anciently a pr. of the
Lefier Afia, or Natolia, bounded by
Etolia on the N. Lidia on the £.
Caria on the S. and the Archipelae,o
on the W. which had the i the name
of the Ionian fea from this province.
The chief cities were Ephefus and
Smyrna. ,. ,^^^
JoppA. See Jaffa.
.Jordan, a river of Afiatic Tur-
ky, in the pr. of Judea, or Palcftine,
rifing in mount Libanus, in the N*
runs S. quite through the country, a
courfe of about 150 m. forming two
lakes ; the fiiW, which is almoft dry
in fummer, called the fea of Gallilee,
and the lake of Tiberias, and fome-
times the lake of Genczareth, be-
ing about 12 m. long, and 8 broad ;
the other called the Dead, or Sale
fea, where Sodom and Gomorrrah
flood, is about 70 m. long, and id
broad ; but the ordinary channel of
the river Jordan is not above 20
yards broad at prefent, and difcharges
itfelf into the lake called the Dead
fea.
Ipswich, E.Ion. 1.16. lat. 52.
12. a borough and port town ot Suf*
folk, fit. on the river Orwel, 24 m*
S. £. of Bury; fendi two membeis
to parliament.
Ire'.and, an ifland of the At-
lantic Ocean, fit. between 5 and 10
degrees of W, Ion. and between 51
and 56 degrees of N. lat. being bounti-
ed by th« Noithcra Ocean on the N.
by
MMMMilMAM.*. ^
I R
I R
20
it, 52.
It Sut-
24 m.
:mbei 3
At-
nd 10
en 51
he N.
by
ky St. George's channel, which di-
vides it from Great-Britain, on the
E. and by the Atlantic and Wellern
ocenn on the S. and W. be ig 250
miles long, and 150 broad, diftant
from Holy -head, in North Wales, 50
m. and from Galloway, in Scotland,
15 m. It is divided into four large
provinces, viz. Ulfter on the North,
Lemfler on the E. Munftcr on the
S. and Connaught on the W. It is
a fruitful, level country, well wa-
tered with lakes and riveis, too much
encumbered with boggs and rr.o-
ra(r«fi, but where thafe are drained
they make very good meadow ground j
»nd there is this convenicm in t ;e
foftncfs of the foil, that they r <y
cut canals, and open a communica-
tion by water, from one part of the
kingdom to the other, by lakes, ri»
vers, and canals, as they do in Hol-
land. Tlie fail feems to be richer
in Ireland than in England- and pro-
duces coin, paflurr, hemp, and flax
in abundance, Tlitir catrle abound
to that degree, that they furni/h
France, Flandt-rs, Spain, Portugal,
and the Wcft-lndiC5, witii their beef
and butter ; and Engl.lh fhips are
(rt-qucntly vitluallcd here. They
ttb)und alfo in excellent wool, which
would bring them in treafutc tnoiigh,
if they wcvt fuftered to iiiinufaduic
It, and export tiieir cloih. And
wliethcr the EngliHi have done them-
fclvei any f>.rvicc by hippiefling this
manufaftiire in Ireland, and i'uftct-
ing the French to underiell us, find
run away with the woollen tiade in
loreign mtuketj, is a cjueftion that
may cafily l)e anfvvercd. 'i'heir li-
it'.n maniifaclure indeed is come to
pie.it |erfe(Sti((n, and vaftly inticar'd.
'J'hiS ouiUry is ixcecdin^ly well Ji-
t jate.l for trade, and h.«s a griwt many
fccure and commodious hai hours.
'l'h?y want <'nly a Ijtile coun^'Miance
.inl tnrour igement Mom England to
makt: the'n .i great and wealthy
|-ei»ple. '1 heir l.uvs diflcr but liKlt*
tiom thole of England, any inoie
than their courts of Uifticc. Th?ir
laws muk be api'iovcd by thg K, of
Great Britain in council. And an aft
of the Englifli parliament will repeal,
or alter, any of their laws. They
can appeal alfo from a fcntcnce of
their courts, to the courts of law,
and to the houfe of peers in Great
Britain. The members of the com-
mons keep their feats in parliament
for life, unlefs theie happen a dcmife
of the crov\n. The Loid Licute-
nant, or Lord Deputy, and council,
are appointed from t.me to time by
the King ; and there is ufuaily a
body of iZjOco men kept in pay
on the Iri/h eftabli/hment, but ftarcc
any of the natives of that country
amongft them. They ufuaily live
in barracks in that country, and ale
not quartered on the public houfe»,
as in England. As to the religion of
the counijy, fix parts in feven of
them are Fapifts, and tolerated j
there are alfo a multitude of Uiflcn-
ters in the N. of Ireland ; the cfia-
bliflied church is the fame as in En-
gland, governed by archbiftiops and
bi/hops, and their clergy arc general-
ly better provided for than in En-
gland. Dublin is the only univcrfity
in the Kingdom, and that confuls of
one college, in which there are about
600 ftudcnts of all forts. In this
fruitful country the common people
aie fj iiard put to it to get a hveli-
ho«d, that many thoufands of tlum
have tranfported themfclvcs of late
years to the American plantations.
'J'htir nobihty ar.d men of ioriune
lifiially relide in London, End take
but l.ltle ure of their tou:itry ; they
Icrew up tKfir tenants tu th^ h;gliert
jack icnts, till they break tiium,
and fpcnding ail the j lodutc of their
cflatcj abroad, theii ir.tive c* .:itry
remains in a lanj^uifhin^', cotiditicn,
'I'here ;uc fonie noliL- exceptions, 'lii
tiue, wheie g' ntlciuin iuvc ;!pp|jctl
the pirducecf ti eir lortiu.es tj tjm
enc( '..ra^ement of their minouctures
and imp' ovement ot that extellrni. foil,
\Aholc cvanipic may prffibly iuJvcc o-
thcrsr. try uh..tinijuo\eiiienlmay he
made tux the Icrvicc of their covir.try,
anci Uieir own prCi'.-jUr advariage,
& 1 C. 7 )«'•
IS
Ikoncate mountaiks, in
Tranfilvania, make pare of the
boundary between Chnftendom and
Turky.
Iroq^oois, or the five Indian
nations in N. America, in alliance
with the Englifli, are b«uoded by
Canada on the N. by the Englifh
plantations of New York and Pen.
filvania on the £. and S. and by the
lake Ontario, or Frontenac, on the
W. They have leng ftrvcd as a
barrier to the northern Britifh colo-
nies, againft the French, and their
Indians of Canada; but, 'tis faid, the
French have lately prevailed un the
Mohawks, one of the Bve nations,
to defert their ancient allies, the
Juigli/h.
Inns, a great river which runs
from S. to N. thro' RuiTia, falls into
the river Oby, and makes part of the
boundary between Afia and Europe.
Irwin,W. Ion. 4, 40. lat. 55* 35.
a port town of Scotland, in the baU.
of Cunningham, fit. at the mouth
of the river Irwin, on the Frith of
Clyde, 15 m. £. of the iHe of Ar-
ran, and 63 m. W. of Edinburgh.
Isabella fort, £. Ion. 4. 10.
lat. 51. 15. a fortrefs of the Au*
(Irian Nctheiiands, (it. oh the W.
fide of the river Schcld, oppofite to
Antwerp.
Isabella fort, 2 miles N.W«
cf Sluys in Dutch Flanders.
IscHiA, £. ion. 14. 40. bt. 41.
an ifland in the Neapolitan fea, fit.
15 m. W. of the city of Naples.
Is&NACH,0rEY8BNACH,E. Ion.
10. II. lat. 51. a town af Germany,
in tlic cir. of Upper Saxony, 31 m.
W. of Erfurt, and 1 5 m. W. of Sax-
goth^, from whence one of the Sax-
en Piincet takes the title of Dukf*
It hat fonie iron mines in the nei|n-
bourhood.
t, iscNARTs, or Eysckarts, a
lowii of Germany, iii th« cir. uf Au-
iIrM, and D. «f Stiiia, fit. 35 m.
N. W. of Cratx, cunfidetable fur iti
iron mines.
IsiRMA, £. Ion. 15. i^« lat.
4i« l^. i towA of Na^le«j m thi
IS
pr. of Molifc, fit. 33 m. N. E. of
Capua ; the fee of a bifhop.
Isle vi Ditu, W. Ion. 2. 5,
lat. 46. 45. an idand in the bay uf
Bifcay, on the coaft of France, fit.
14 m. W. of the coaft of Poitou.
Isle of Franci, a pr. of that
K. in which the capital city of Pa-
ris is fit. being bounded by Picardy
on the N. by Champain on the £.
by Orleanois on the S. and by Nor*
mandy on the W.
IsLocK. See ItocK. 1 nc
IsNY, £. lun. 10. lat. 47. 36. a
town of Germany, in the cir, of
Suabia, fit. 12 m. S. W. of Kem-
pen, and xo m^ N. E. of Lindow
and the lake of Conftance } a free
Imperial city.
«soLA, £. Ion. 18. lat. 39. a
port town of Italy, in the Hither
Calabria, fit. on the Mediterranean,
15 m. S. of St. Severino j the fee of
a bifiiop.
Isfahan, orSPAHAWK, £. Ion.
50. lat. 32. 30. the capital city of
Eyrac Agcm, and of all the K. of
Perfia, is fit. in a fine plain, almoft
futrounded with mountains, which
lie two or three leagues diftant from
it* The city is of an oval form, iz
m. in circumference, and ftando 200
m. N. of the gulph of Peifia, or Bof.
fora, 300 m. S. of the Cafpian fea,
1400 m. S. £. of Confiantinopie,
and i6co m. N. W. of Dclly, the
capital of the Hither India. The
fireets of Ifpahan are, feveral of
them, arched over, with openings
to let in the light. The Englift £.
India company had a fa£lory here,
and their fa£U)rs lived like Princes,
in the grcatcft fplcndor, till the civil
wars ) but the court, and confe*
^uently the trade, feems to be re-
moving from this city to Mefchid,
in the pr. of Chorafi'an, near the
Cafpian fea, the ufual refidence of
the Sha Nadir and his court. Sha
Nadir is dead, and there have beeA
feveral ufurperi fince. ^r>t; ' .in*
Issr.L, a liver of the Unltefl Ne-
tl.crlands, rvhich rifing in Wellpha-
li, tUM N. bj Uociburg^ and a^
terv^ards
IT
tcnvards by Zutphen nnd Dcvcnter,
dividing Gelderland from the pro-
vinces of Overyflel and Zutphen,
and difcharges itfelf into the Zuider
fea near Campen.
IssEL THE LESS, a river of the
United Provinces, running W. thro'
the provinces of Utrecht and Hol-
land, and pafiing by Gouda, turns
S. and falls into the Lech, £.
IssoiR, £. lont 3. 8* lat<>45. 17.
a town ef France, in the pr. of
Lyonois, and ter. of the Lower Au-
vergne, fit. 15 tn. S. of Clermont.
IssouDON, £. Ion. 2. Jat. 47;
a city of France, in tiie pr. of Or-
leanois, and D. of Berry, fit. ao m,
S. W, of Bourgcs.
Issus, now AjAzzo,E. 100*36.
30. lar. 36, 30. a port town of the
LeiTet Afia^ in the pr. of Cilicia, fit,
on the Levant, or Mediterranean fea,
a little N. of Scanderoon, and 100 m.
£. of Aleppo, near which place, ivlz,
in a difficult pafs between the moun-
tains and the fea, Alexander fought
the fecond battle with Dariud.
IsTRiA, a peninfula fit. in tha
N. part of the guiph of Venice^
bounded by Carniola.on the N. and
en the E..S. and W. by the foa.
The chief town Cabo de lllria j fub.
to Venice.
Italy, is fit. between 7 and
19 degrees of E. Ion. and between
3S and 47 degrees of N. lat. bound-
ed by Switzerland and the Alps,
which Trparate it from Germany, on
the N. by the fulph of Venice on the
E. by the Mediterranean fea on the
S. and by the fame fea and the Alps,
which ft-parate it from France, on the
W. and, if we include Savoy, which
lies, . indeed, on the W. fide of the
Alps, between Italy and France, we
mud extend it a degree further W.
this is ufually defcribed, however,
with Italy, as it is contiguoas to
Piedmont, and has the fame fovc-
rfign, being a pr. of the K. of Sar-
dinia's dominions. Italy is faid to
refemble a boot, and is in length,
from the N. W. to the S. E. 600 m.
•ni upwards, tbc breadth it very ua-
JU
equal ; in the N. which may be called
the boot top, it is 400 m. broad from
E.toW. in the calf of the leg, or
middle, it is about 120 broad, and
towards the S. about the inftep. So
miles broad, and comprehends the
following countries, or fubdivifioas.
T. In the N. of Italy are the Duchies
of Savoy, Piedmont, and part of
Montferrat, fub. to the K. of Sap>-
dinia { the ter. of Genoa, fub. to the
Genoefe ; the Duchieis of Milan,
Mantua, and the reft of the D. of
Montferrat, fub. to the houfe of Au-
ftria ; the D. of Parma, fub. to the
Infant Duke j the D. of Modena,
fab. to its own Duke ; and the large
territories of Venica, fub. to that re-
public. 2. In the middle of Italy are
the D, of Tufcany, fubjcft to the
Emperor; the Pope's dom>nioos»
whitfh almoft furround Tufcany, and
the ^*ate of Lucca. 3. In the 8. di-
vifion is the K. of Naples, fub. to
the K, of the two Sicilies.
Italian ISLANDS lie in tke
Mediterranean fea, the chief where-
of aie Sicily, fub. to the K. of the
two Siciliefc, or Naples ; Sardinia,
fobjeA tn that King j and Cotfica,
fubjedl to^ the Genoefe. The chief
product of Italy is raw and wrought
filks, velvet, wine and oil ; and the
principal ports with which we traf-
fic, are Genoa, Leghorn, Naples,
Venice, and Meflina,
Itschoa, E. Ion. 9. 8. lar. 5^,
40. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Lower Saxony, and D of Hol-
ftein, fit. on the river Stor, 10 m,
N. E. of Gluckftat.
JucATAN, Yucatan, a pe-
ninfula of Mexfco, in N. America,
fit. between 89 and 94 liegrees of Wl
Ion. and between 16 and 21 degrre4
of N. lat. It is generally a flat,
level country, except towards the
Ifthraus, very unhealthful, and
thinly inhabited, the air cxccHive
hot, and the land near the coaft
ufually flooded j the chief town
Campeachy. It is in the bays of
Honduras and Campeachy, the one
en the £. and the othei on the W.
JU
JU"
[■ n
•t' Jucatan, that the Engliih cut
their logwood j they have be«n driven
indeed frotn the bay of Campeachy
by the Spaniards, but ftill coi^tinue
in great numbers at the bay of
Honduras, and the Spaniards have
not yet been abJe to dilpoffefs them,
tho' ihey frequcjjtly take the ihips
that traffic with them. " ,. ,.
• JUDEA. See pALESTINBr
; JuDENBURG, E. Ion. 15. lat.
47. 22. a city of Germany, in the
cir. of Auftria, and D. of Stiria, fit.
f>n the river Muer, 40 m. W. of
Gratr.
JuDOiGNE, E. long. 4. 55.
lat, CO. 45. ^ town of the Auftjian
Netherlands, in the pr. of Brabant,
l^^ on the river Gh-iet, 13 ra. S. £;.
ot Louvain, and 16 N. of Namur,
r,ear wJbich town the confederate«,
commanded by the Duke of Marl-
borough, obtained that memorable
viifVcry over the French, called the
battle of Ramellies, on the 23d of
Mjy, 1706.
Ives fST,)W.Ion. 6, lat. 50. i^.
a Inrougn and port town of Corn-
v.Tiil, fit. on thelriih channel, 60
m, S. W. of Lnuncef^n ; lends 2
members to parliament.
I VIC A ISLAND, IS fit. in thc
M.'diterranean, 50 miles E. of Va-
lencia, in Spain, and as many S» W,
ol Majorca, It is about 30 m. long,
and 24 broad, a mountainous coun-
try, the chief produce fait, of vyhich
they export large quantities,
IviCA, or VviCA CITY, E.
Icn. I, lat. 39. capital of the j(land
of jvica, fir, on a bay of the fca, in
the S, part of the ifland.
Julian (St.) W. Ion, 74. S.
lat, 48. 15.3 harbour on the coaft of
Patagonia, in S. America, where
fhips ufually touch that are bound
to the South feas.
JuMERS DUCHV, in the circle
of Weftphalia, in Germany, bound-
ed by PruHian Geldcrland on the N,
by the Electorate of Cologn on the
E. by the Eleftorate of Triers on
the S. and by the bilh. of Liege, and
the Ncthaia&ds oa the W. being
about 60 m. long, and 30 broacf,
confifting of good arable and paOurc
grounds, arid abounding in cattle.
It produces alfo great quantities ©f
woad, or wad, for dying, as well as
corn. This country, with the D,
of Berg, have been much contended
for by the Eleftors of Brandenburg,
Saxony, and the Eleftor Palatine j
but the El?£lor8 of Brandenburg and
Saxony (the King^ fcf Pruflia and
Poland) fufTer the Eledlor Palatine
to p .iVcfs it at pi-efent.
JuLiERS city, E. Ion. 6. lat.
50. 55. capitnl of the D. of Juliets,
in Weftphalia, is fit. on the river
Rber, 20 m. E. of Maellritht, and
as many W. of Cologn.
JuLPHA Old, E, Ion. 46. kr,
39. once the capital of Armenia,
ow in ruins, the inhabitants being
trar.rplanted to Ifpahan, within a
mils cf which city they have a town
called New Jul ph. 1, by fome looked
upon as a fubuib to llpahan ; here
they are fcncouragcd and afiifted by
the Perfiaris to carry ob a foreign
trade with all the countries of Afia,
and are the moft confidcrable mer-
jchantA .in ..the worla. They fuflct
them alfo to profefs the Chriftian
religion j they have feveral churches
in New Julpha, and come the neareft
the Greek church, of any denomi-
nation of Chriftians. Alia.
IvREA, ar Jura, E. Ion, f^^,
lat. 45. 22. a ftrong city in ftafy,
in the pr, of Piefjmont, fit. on the
fivef Doria, 2^ m. N. of Turin }
fub. to the K. of Sardinia. ' 'J' '
JOTEs, the ancient inhat}ftant8
of Jutland in Denmark.
Jutland, a peninfula of Den-
mark, anciently called the Cimbrian
Cherfonefe, fit. between S and'ti
degrees of W, loft, and between 55
and 58 degi«es of ^.. lat.' bounded
by the Categate fea, which ftpailitfcs
it from Norway, on the N'. by. the
fame fea, which,divi3es iC from' tl?e
Dani/h idands and Swedeh, o^ Vhe
E. by Holftein on the S. and by the
German ocean on tKe W, artd is di-
vided iato N. iui S. Juttan4> the
St
K A
K E
and
on the
}!tant8
t)en-
ibrian
id ti
en 55
unded
y;tfie
rn'.tbe
the
y the
is di-
th«
S.
S* ufaally called Slefwic ; the whole
about 1 80 m. in length, from N.
to S. and 90 m. in breadth, frona
E. to W. The foil of N. Juthnd
IS not very fruitful, however they
have corn enough for themfelves,
and abound in cattle, which they
fell lean \n Germany and the
Netherlands, wriere they thrive ex-
tremely. Slefwic is more fruitful
in corn, horfes« and other cattle,
with which they furnifh the coun-
tries to the fouthward of them. The
country is well fit. for a foreign trade,
and has excellent harbours, but they
want ftock to traffic with. N. Jut-
land is intirely under the dominion
of the K. of DenmarK, but the D.
of Holllein has the joint dominion
of pait of Slefwic with him* and in
fome great towns and territories of
Slefwic each of them has a diftinfl
dominion. The Duke ot Holftein's
capital in Slefwic is the city of Got-
torp* From this country came the
Anglo-Saxons, who conquered £n<
gland in the fifth century. .,
IZEHOA. SeelTZCHOA*
K A '
i • 1,; r
KAFFA. See Caffa. '••
KAKENHAVSZNf E. loH.
a6. lat. 57. a city of Livonia, fit.
on the river Dwina, 46 m. £. of
Riga ) fub. to Ruifia.
Kalenburg. See Calen-
feURG.
Kalish, £. Ion. iS. lat. 51. 20.
capital of the pal. of Kalifli, in Great
Poland, fit. I TO m. W. of Warfaw.
K.ALL0, £. Ion. 21. 15. lat. .>S.
a town of Upper Hungary, fit. in a
lake 20 m. S. £. of Tockay \ Tub.
to the hoiife of Aufiria.
Kamimkcx, £. long. 26. 3,0.
kt. 4t. a city of Poland, in the pr.
•f Upper Podolia, and pal. of Kimi-
■eck, fit. on the frontiers of Mol-
ii^i\», ia Tuik|» 20 miles N» of
Choczin, and 125 miles S. E. of
Limburg.
Kanishia, E. loni 17. 6. l.»r.
47 1 fit. on the river Drave, in the
Lower Hungary, 100 m. S. W. ot
Buda } fub. to the houfe of Auftti?.
Kanof, or Kaniow, E. lor.
32. lat. 50. a town of Ruflia, fit.
on the river Nieper, in the Ukrain,
70. m. S. £. of Kiow j fubjeft t«
RuiTia.
KARCAPor., E. long. 37. lat.
63. a city of Rufila, in the pr. of
Dwina, fit, izo m. S. W. of Arcli-
angel.
Kars. See Cars. r
Kashan* See Cashan.
Kassumbazar, E. long. 87*
lat. 24. a town of the Hither In-
dia, in A(ia, in the pr. of Bengal,
fit. on the W, branch of the river
Ganges, 70 m. N. of Huegly, where
the Englifli and other European na-
t"ons have faftors, and traffic with
the natives for filks and calicoes.
Kausbevren, E. Ion. 10. 41:.
lat. 47. 50. a town of Germany, in
the cir. of Suabia, fit. on the river
Wertach. An imperial city, 52 m,
S. of Auglburg.
Keii, E. Ion. 7, 45. lat. 4S,
40, a fortrcfs fit. on the Rhine, ia
Germany, in the cir. of Suabia, op<
pofite to Strafburg.
Keiserbubc, E. Ion. 7. 5. laf.
48. 6. a town of Germany, in the
Ian. of Alface, fit. 7 m. N. W. of
Cc'marj fub. to France.
Keiserlauteren, E. Ion. 7,
30. lat. 49. i5. a town of Ger^
many, fir. in the pal. of the Rhino,
. 42 01. S. of Mcntz, and 31 m. S.
W. of Worms.
KEI|tRSTAT,0rKEISBlt8HAJ4,
E. Ion. 8. 20. lat, 47. 37. a town
of Switzerland, in the co, of Baden,
fit. 10 m. N. E. of Baden, and i»
N. of Zurich. ,
Keise»wae»t, E, lon^. 6, ?,
lat. 51. 20. a firong town of Ger-
many, in the cir. of Wcftpbalia^ aad
D. of Berg, fit. on the river Rhin^'
25 m. N. of Cologn } fab. to thf
Jtie^OT Palatine* . ,
K E
K r
■Kelta, IE. Ion, 30,5. ht. /It;.
» torrrefs of European Turky, in the
pr. of BclTarabia, fit. on the N. chan-
n 1 of the Danube, where it fal's
into the Euxine fee, 240 m. N. of
Coiilbntinople, and zoo m. S. E, of
Hcdder.
Kellington, W. Ion. 4. 38.
lat. 50. 36, a borough town of Corn-
wall, fit, 13 m. S. of Launceftonj
fends 2 members to parliament.
Kelso, W. Jen, 2. 20. Jat. 55.
38. a town of Scotland, in the fliirc
of Mers, or Roxburg, fit, on the N»
fiJe of the river Tweed, which di-
vides England from Scotland, 30 m.
S. E. of Edinburgh, and 26 m. S.W,
of Berwic.
Kempen, E. Ion, 6. lat. 51.20.
a town of Germany, in the cir, of
the Lower Rhine, and Eleftorate of
Cologn, fit. on the livcr Niers, 35
jn. N. of Cologn.
Kkmptfn, E. Ion. 10. 7. lat.
47. 38. a city of Germany, in the
cir. of Suabia, fit. on the river Ifer,
40 m. S. of Ulm J an imperial city,
or fovetf ign ftate.
Kendal, W. Ion. 2. 34. lat.
54. 15. a market town of Wertmor-
Jand, lit. 22 m. S, W. of Appleby j
frcni whence a late Duchefs took her
title.
Kensington, palace and vil-
lage, fit, in the co. of Middiefcx, 2
n. W. of London.
Kent, a co. bounded by the
river Thames on the N. by thie ocean
en the E. by Suflex and the ftraits
of Dover on the S. and by Surrey
«n .the W.
Kerman, E. Ion. 56. 30. fat.
^o. tapital of the pr. of Kerman,
«F Carimania, in Perfia, tn Afia, fit.
i20 m, N. of Gombron,
K.ERPEN, TL Ion, 6. 20. lat. 50.
45. a town of Germany^ in the pr.
cir, of WcAphalia, and D, of Juliets,
fir. 14 tn, S. S. of Juliers
* Rerrt, aco.of irelandyinthepr.
•f Munfter, bounded by the river
'fttiannon, wbich divides it from Clare,
•n t<ie N. by Limerick and Cork on
i\)tt t^ by anoihcr port of Cork on t^e
S. and by the Atlantic ocean on tht
W. the cliief town Dingle.
Kessel, E, Ion. 6. lat. 51. 25.
a town of the Upper Gelderland, in
the quarter of Kcermonde, fit. on
the river Meufe, 6 m. S. of Venlo,
and 7 m. of Rocrmonde.
Kesteven, the S. W. divlfion
of Lincoln/hire.
Keswick, W. Ion. 3, lat, 54.
30. a market town of Cumberbnc),
25 m, S. W. of Cailifle.
Kettering, W. Ion. 40 min.
iat. 52, 22. a market town of
Northamptonshire, fit, 10 m. N, E,
of Northampton,
Kexholme city, E, Ion, 30.
lat. 61. '30. capital of the pr. of
Kexholme, fit, on the lake Ladoga^
80 m. N. of Pcterfburg j fubjeft to
Rufiia.
Kexholme, a pr. of Finland,
in Sweden, bounded by Lapland on
the N. by Rubininfki and the lakes
Onega and Ladoga on the E. by Ca-
relia on the S. and by Cajania and
Savolaxia on the W. the E, part
whereof is fub. to Ruflia, and the
W. to Sweden.
KeYNTON, or KiNETON, W.
Ion. I. 30. lat, 52, 15, a town of
Warw icklhire, fit, ib m. S. of War-
wick, and as many N. W. of Ban-
bury, near which the battle of Edge
Hill was fought, between K, Chark-a
I. and the Parliament, on Sunday
the Z3d of Oftober, 1642,
KiAM, a great river of China,
in Afia, which rifing near the W,
frontier, runs generally E. crofs the
K, paffing thro' the pr. of Suchuen,
Huquam, Kiamfi, and Nanking, dlf-
charge» itfelf into the gulph of Nan-
king, a little below that city. It i:
a very rapid ftream, and fodeep, thd^
the Cfamefe pretend chat they canno:
fsithom it.
KiAMsi, a pr, of China,, in Alia,
bounded by the pr. of Nanking on
the N. by Chekiam and Fokien on
the E, by Canton on the S. and by
Huquam on the W.
Kidderminster, W. Ion. 2,
15. lat, 52. 28, a market town cf
Worcelttr^
M* 1*111
R I
K I
Worccflerflure, fit. li xn, N. of
Worcefter. • •
KiDWKtLY, W. Ion, 4. ao.
lat. 51. 46. a market town of
Caermarthcn, in S. Wales, fit. on
the Briflol channel, 7 m. S. of
Caeimaithen.
Kiel, £. Ion. 10. lat. 54. 32.
a city of the D, of Holftcin, in Ger-
many, ir- the cir. of Lower Saxony,
the refi-ence of the D. of H'tein
Golterp, fovereign of this ^.^y, and
of one moiety ot the D. of Hollkin j
fit. on a bay of the Baltic fea, 50
m. N. of Hamburgh, and 40 N. V/.
of Lubeck. • ■/■ ■■•
KiLDARE, a CO, of Ireland, in
the pr, of Leinfter, boundeJ by E.
Meath on the N, by the counties of
Dublin and Wicklow on the E. by
Catherlovigh on the S. and by W,
Meath and King's counties on the W.
r- KiLDARB city, W. lon, 7. lat.
53. xo. cap. of the co. of Kildare,
lie. 27 m. S.VV. of Dublin.
KiLURUMMic, W. lon. 2. 35.
lat. 57. 20. a town of Scotland in
the ihire of Mar or Aberdeen, fit.
on the river Don, 27 m. W. cf
Aberdeen,
KiLGARREN, W. lon. 4. 42.
lat. 52. 6. a market town ot Pem-
brokelhire in S. Wales, lit. 25 m.
N. of Pembroke,
KiLHAM, W. lon. 6 min. lat,
54. 5, a market town of the E. ri-
ding of Yoiklhire, (\t, 30 m. N. £.
of York.
Kilkenny co. is fit, in the pr.
of Lemfter in Ireland, bounded by
Ciyeen's co, on the N. by the co. of
Wexford on the E, by Waterford on
the S, and by the co. of Tipperary
«n the W.
Kilkenny, W, lon, 7, 15. lat.
52. 30. a city of Ireland, cap. of the
CO. of Kilkenny, fit, on the river
Neure, 54 m, S, W. of Dublin, and
a5 m, N. of Waterford : one of the
muft elegant cities in the K.
KiLLALo, W. lon. 8. 28. lat.
52. 40. a town of Ireland in the co.
*ii CUk iui pr, of Cgnmufbt, fit.
en the river Shannon, lo m. N. E,
of Limerick.
KiLLEVAN, W. lon, 7. 23. lat,
54, 10. a town of Ireland jn the co,
of Monaghan, and pr. of Uifter, fit,
8 m. S. W. of Monaghan.
KiLLooNY, W. ion. 8. 4<;. lat,
54.8. a town of Ireland in the co. of
Siigo and pr. of Connaught, fit. 6
m. S. of Sligo.
Killyna^le, W. lon. 7. 35,
lat. 52. 27, a town of Ireland in the
CO, of Tipperary and pr, of Munfter,
fit. 14 m. N. of Clonmel,
KiLMACK Thomas, W. lon. 7,
22. lat. 5?. 7. a town of Ireland in
the county of Waterford and pr. of
Munfter, fit. 12 m. S.W, of Water-
ford.
KiMBOLTON, W. lon. 25 min«
lat. 52. 1 8. a m^iket town ot Htin-
tingtonihire, fit. 9 m. S.W. of Hun*
tington. 1 -
KiMi-LAPMARK, 8 pf. of Swe-
dish Lapland, bounded by Norwegian
Lapland on the N. by Riifiian Lap.
land on the E, by the Bothnic gtilph
on the S. and by Tome Lapmark on
the W.
KiMi TOWN, E. lon. 23. lat. 65,
30, capital of Kimi-lapmark, fit. on
the rner Kimi, 12 m. R. of Totne,
KiKCARi>iN, W. Irn. 2. 22, lat,
57. 5. a town of Scotland, in the
ihire of Mar, fit. on the river Dee,
17 m. W. of Aberdetn.
Ktnrhorke, W. lon. 3. lat. 56*
5. a town of Scotland, on the fea
coaft of Fife, 9 m, N. of Edinburgh,
KiNGSBRIDGE, W. lon, 4. 6.
lat. 50. 18. a market town ot De-
von, fit. 34 m. S. W. of Exeter.
KiNCSCLEAR, W. lon. I. 2d.
lat. 51. 25. a market town of
Hampshire, fit, 16 m, N» of Win-
chefter.
King's covnty, a co, of Ire-
land, in the pr. of Leinfter, bounded
by Wcflmeath on the N. by the to,
of K'Idare on the E. by Qneen s co,
and Tipptrary on the S. and by the
river Shannon, v^hich ({.parates it
fima. GiUv^ay on the V¥.
KI^o*•
K I
K O
:,
King's or Peari island, W.
Icn. 8t. 30. lat. 7. fit. in the bay of
Panama in America j fub. to Spain.
Kingston. See Hull, in
Yorkfliire.
Kingston, W, Ion. 21 min.
]ac. 51. 28. the CO. town of Surry,
fit. on the river Thames, xz m. W.
of London.
Kingston, W. Ion. 77, lat. 17,
32. a port town of Jamaica, in A-
merica, fit. on the N. fide of the bay
of Port Royal } a town where moA
of the ihipping of Jamaica load and
unload their cargoes, confequently a
place of good trade, and much re-
lurted to by merchants and feamen.
KiMROss, W. ion. 3. 7. lat.
56. 15. a town of Scotland, in the
fhire of Fife, fit. on the lake of
Loch Leven, 20 m. N. of Edin-
burgh.
KiNSALK, W. Ion. 8. 20. lat.
51. 32. a port town of Ireland, in
the pr. of Munfter and co. of Cork,
fit. on the river Bandon, near the
ocean, 14 m. S. of the city of Cork ;
l>eing an excellent harbour, and a
town of good trade.
KiNVER, W. Ion. 2. 15. lat* 52.
33. a market town of Staifibrdihire,
fit. 20 m. S. of Stafford.
K107, or Kiow, £. Ion. 30. 30.
lat. 51. the capital city of the Ruf-
fian Ukrain, fit. on the river Nieper,
on the frontiers of Poland.
KzoGEy or KoGE, £• Ion. 12. 15.
lat. 55. 30. a town of Denmark, in
the ilie of Zeland, fit. on Copenhagen
bay, 10 m. S. of Copenhagen.
KiRBYMOORSIPE, W. lon. 40
nin. lat. 54. 20. a market town of
the E. riding of York/hire^ fit. 21
m, N. of York.
KiRBYSTKVEN, W. lon. 2. 7.
lat. 54. 26. a market town of Welt.
foOreland, fit. 7 m. S. of Appleby.
KiKCHBURG, £. Ion. 10. lat.
4S. 20. a town of Germany, in the
cir, of Suabia, fit. on the river Da-
aube, 9 m. S. of Ulm, fub. to the
kouft of Auftria, with the adjaceaC
<M, of tke iasne n^me*
KixKALDY, W. lon. 3. lat, $d,
8. a town of Scotland, in the Aire
of Fife, fit.' on the frith of Forth,
10 m. N. of Edinburgh.
KiRKHAM, W. Ion. 2* 45. lat.
53. 45. a market town of Lancaihire^
fit. 16 m. S. of Lancafter.
KiR K.OSWALD, W. lon. a. 8.
lat. 54. 42. a market town of Cum-
berland, fit. 12 m, S. of Carlifle.
KiRKUDBRIGHT, W, lon. 4. 5»
lat. 54. 38. a port town of Scotland,
in the co. of Galloway, fit. on a bay
of the Irjfii fea, 60 m, W. of Car-
lifle, and 83 m. S. W. of Edin-
burgh.
Kirkwall, W. lon. 25 min,
lat. 59. 45. the capital of the ifland
of Pomona, and of the ifles of Ork-
ney and Shetland, fit, 45 m. N. of
Dungfby.Head, themoflN.E. pro-
montory of Scotland.
KiRTON, W. lon. 25 min. Jat.
53. 33. a market town of Lincobk*
Aire, fit. 16 m. N. of Lincoln.
Klattau, E. Ion. 13. 30. laf,
49. 25. a town of Bohemia, fit. 46
m. S. W. of Prague.
Knaresborovgh, W. Ion. x.
x6 min. lat. 54. a borough town ia
the N. riding of Yorkshire, fit. 15
m. W. of York j fends two membew
to parliament.
Knighton, W. Ion. 3. lat. 52.
2;. a town of Radnorihire, in S«
Wales, fit. 6 m. N.£. of Radnor.
Ko ban Tartary, a part of Cir-
calfian Tartary, bounded by the ri-
ver Den and the Palus Meotis, which
divide it from RuiCa, on the N. W.
by other parts of Circaflia on the £.
by the Black fea on the S, and by
the firaits of Kaifa, which divide it
from Crim Tartary, on the W.
Ko>eoack, or KuDACK, £. Ion.
36. lat. 48. 25. a town of the Ruf-
fian Ukrain, fi^t. on the >iver Nieper,
near the frontiers of Little Tartary,
250 m. S. E. of Kiof.
Kola, £. lon. 32. 35. lat. 6^.
the capital of Ruflkn Lapland, fit.
at the mouth of the river Kola, on
a bay of the Nonhein ocean, 3^0
K 6
K tr
?
It*. N.W. of Archangfel, and 220 fh.
S. £. of the N. Cflpe, in Norwegian
Lapland.
KoLniNG, or CoiDing, E. Ion.
45. lat. 55. 30. a port town of
Denmark, in the pr, of N. Jutland,
fit. on a bay of the Little Belt, 3a
IT). E. of Rypen. , .,
KoM. See Com. ' *^ **
KoMo«RA, E. Ion. 18. 12. lat.
48. 10. a city of Hungary, fit. on
the river Danube, at the E. end of
the ifland of Schut, 33 m. S. E. of
Pre/burg, Tub, tothehoufeof Auftria»
KoNGEL, E. Ion. it. lat. 5S.
15. a port town of Sweden, in the
pr. of Gothland, fit. on the Cate-
gate fea, 12 m. N. of GottenWrg.
KoNiGSBERG, E.'lon. 15. lat.
53. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Upp'jr Saxony and mar, of Braa-
ienburg, fit. 32 m. S. of Stetin.
KoNiNGSBURG, E. lon. 21, lat,
54.40. a city, of Poland, capital of
Diu al Pruflla, and of the K. of Pruf-
fia's Poiiih dominions, (it. on the
liver Pregel, near a bay of the Baltic
fea, 70 m.^.E, M Dantzick, being
one of the moft' conffderable pOft
towns 1 the Baltic,
K0NlNG§kcK. 9ife CoNXNG-
SEClt.
KoNiNGsoRATt, E. lon. 15,
^5. lat. 5^5. 15. a city of Bohemia,
fit. on the river Elbe, 51 m. E. of
Prague, and 40 S. W. of Giatz.
KoNiNGSHOVEN, E. lon. lO,
35. lat. 50. 26. a town of Germany,
in the cir. of Franconia, fit. 25 rti.
N. W. of Bamberg.
KoNiNGs-i^EiN, E. Ion. 13. 46.
lat. 50, 45.' a towii of Germany, in
the cir, of Upper Saxony and ter. of
Mifnia, fit. on the river Elbe, 14 m.
S. of Drefden; ^ ,
'KoppiNG, fi. lori, 15; '30. lat.
59; 3^, k toWn of Swedenj in the
pr. of%'eftm&nia, fit^ on the Meller
lake, 54 m. W. of Stockholm.
Ko'ftsoN, E, Ion., 3T. lat. 49,
40. a town of Ruffia, in the Ukraih,
fit. on the river Rofj, 70 m. S, s4'
Kiof.
KowNO, E. lon. 24. l^t. 55, 5,
a city of Poland, in the D, of Li-
thuania and pal. of Troki, fit. on
the rivers Wllia and Nhzmen, 40 m.
W. of Wilna. ' ,
Krainbukg, E. Ion. 14. 20,
lat. 46, 42^ a town of Germany, in
the cir. of Auflria and D. of Car-
nicla, fit. on the river Save, iS m,
N. W. of Laubach. '
Kka'ikburc, £. Ibti. 1 2. 20*
lat. 4$. iv. a t6wn of Germany, in
thecif. of Bavaria, fit, oA tht rivet
Inn, 35 m. E. of Munich.
KraInsiaw, E. lon. 23. Ixt«
51, 15. a town of Poland, iri fh«
pr. of Red-RufTia, and pal. of Chelitij
fit. 1 10 m. S. E. of Warfaw.
kREMPEN, E. lon. 9. lat. 54«
25» a town of Germany, in the viv,
of LoWer Saxony and D. of Holftcin,
fit. 30 m. N. W. of, Hambvirgh, ftib.
to Denmark,
Ktt&Mi, £. Ion, xi;. 30, lat. 4^*
|0. a town of Ocrmatiy, in th« cir,
of Auftria, fit. on thie river Danul)e>
36 m. W. of Vienna, fub. to the
houtd of Auftria,
KrCmlaw, E, Ion. 16. lat. 49*
a town of Bohemia, in the mat. of
Moravia^ ^t, 50 »\f 8. W. ©f 01-
mut«,r: • '.M ' •"■■v:- '■" '!»; .5"*
Ku/t"8tAiN, £. bn. Ti'. 12.
lat. 47. 3',. a city of Germany, in
the dr. Of Aufhia and co. of Tyrol,
fit bn the river Inn, 40 in. N>, E.
of Inrprtck,
KuR, the andent Cjros, a ri^e\'
of Perfia, in Afiar, rifes in the ttioUn-
tains of Georgia, in Dageftan, a^
rilnning S. E. by Teflis, paflfes oil
between Chirvan and Gangea, and
uniting its ftreamswith the river "Ar-
ras, (the ancient Arraxes) falls intb
the Cafpian fea, S. of Baku.
RuT*TEKBUftG, E.loft. i^.^lat,
4'> 55* ^ ^°w" °f Bohemia, fit. ^o
m, E. of Prague, near Uhich , are
fiiver and copper mines.
LA
L A
L A
'.It ^:>
L A
■'
LABIAU, E. Ion. 22. 15. lat.
55. a pert town of Pruflia, fit.
on the Curifliaff*, a bay of the Baltic
fea, 20 tn. N. E. of Koningfturg,
Uxh. to the K. of Pruflia.
Labrador, called alfo New-
Britain and E/kimaux, a country in
N. America, fit. between 59 and 79
degrees of W. Ion. and between 5c
and 64 degrees of N. lat. bounded
by Hudfon's ftraits and the Atlantic
©cean on the N. by the fame ocean
on tlie E. by the river of St. Law-
rence and Canada on' the S. and by
Hudfon's bay on the W. a country
where the natives hunt for furs and
£kins, which they fell to the French
and EngliQi j but neither of thefe
oations have yet made any fettlement
there. By the treaty of Utrecht,
the greateft part of this country was
yielded by France to Great-Britain,
vrith the coaft of Hudfon's bay and
the adjacent country*
Laccdemon, now Misitka,
E. Ion. 23. lat. 36. 45. a city of Eu-
ropean Turky, in the peninfula of
the Morea, the ancient Peloponnefus,
fit. on the river £u rotas y 30 m. N.
of the Sinus Laconicus, or gulph of
Colochine, and 60 m* S. of Corinth.
Here are ftill the ruins of feveral
magnificent Grecian temples, and the
Platon or grove of plane trees, where
the Spartans performed their wreft-
ling, races and other exerciles.
Ladenburg, E. Ion. S. 26.
lat. 49. 25. a town oif Germany,
in the pal. of the Rhine, fit. on the
river Neckar, 8 m. N.W, of Hei-
delburg.
Ladoga lake, fit. in Rufiian^
Finland, has a communication with
the gulph of Finland, by the river
Nieva.
LaDOCKA, OrLACEDOGNA, B.
Ion. 16. 12. lat. 41. 1 6* a town of
Italy, in the K. of Naples and ter.
of the Capitinate, fit. 55 m« £« of
J^agles. The fee of a tn/h.
#■
Ladrone Is l a N DS, Er Ioff«
140. and between 12 and 2S degrees
of N. lat. thefe lie in the Pacific
Ocean, about 8000 m. W. of Aca-
pulco, in N. America, and about
1800 m. E< of Canton, in China.
They were firft difcovered by Fer-*
dinand Magellan, or Magtianes, a
Portuguefe gentleman, (employed by
Charles V. Emperor of Germany
and K. of Spain, to find a way to
the E. Indies by the W.) on the 6th
of March, 1720 } \t touched at the
ifland of Guam, one of the moft
foutherly of thefe iflands, for water
and frefli provifionS) where the na«
tives pilfering fome of his goods, he
gave them the name of the Ladrone^
or Thievifli iflands. This ifland of
Guam lying in the road to the Phi.
lippiQe iflands and the £. Indies, is
fiili mofl; frequented by Europeans j
and here the Spaniards have a little
fort and g;irrifon of thirty men. It
is about 4Q m< long, and 12 bread j
the fruits are the fame here as ia
the other countries within the tro-
pics ; one fort of fruit we meet
with «o where elfr, which Dam*
pier calls bread> fruit, that grows
on a tree Jike an apple-tree, as big
as a foot-ball, withii) the rind is a
white fubflance like the cr,umb of a
penny- loaf, without ftone or feed
in it.
Lagos, W. Ion. 9. 27. lat. 36.
45, a port town of Portugal, in the
pr. of Algarva, fit. 25 m. W. of
Faro J where the Eng. fleets, bound
for the ftraits, frequently t^ke in
freflx water.
La HOLM,. E. I015. 13. 1^, lat..$6j»
45. a pott town of Sviqden in the pr^
of Gothland and ter. of Halland j fit,
near th? entrance of the Baltic Sea,
go m. .S.E. of Gottenburg, and 60
m. N. of Copenh^igen, .
La HO 5, a pr. of the Hither
Indi:), in Afia ; bounded by the pr.
of Cafl^imere and BankiOi on the
N. by Siba and Jamby on the £«
by Jengapour and Delli on the S,
and by Mouiton and A^tock on
the W.
LaHOK;
L A
L A
Lahor, capital of the pr. of La*
hor, E. Ion. 75. Ut. 33. is fit. on
the river Kavione, one ol the ftrcams
which form the river Indus, 300
m. N. W. or Dclli, and 8co ra. N.
of burat. It is a Jarge beautiful
City, once the feat of tht Empire ;
but the palaces are running to ruin
fince the removal of the court. It
is now the frontier of the Mogul's
country againft Perfia, Kouli Khan,
or the Shah Nadir, having added the
pr. of Attock and all the provinces
of India, on the W. fide of the In-
dus, to the Perfian empire. At this
city ends that magnificent walk of
fhady trees, which runs from the city
of Agra tu this place, being upwards
of 600 ttu a plantation of great ufe
as well as grandeur in fo hut a cli-
mate, as theie trees fcreen travelieis
from the fcorchin^ fun.
Laland, E. Ion. 12. lat. 55.
an ifiand of Denmark in the Baltic
Sea, fit, S. of Zealand, from which
it is fopataied by a nairow channel,
40 m. S. E. of Copenhagen.
Lamb A 1. 1. A, W. Ion. 2. 35. lat.
4S. 30. a town of France, m the
pr. of Biitany, fit. 23 m. S. W. of
St. Malo, and 43 N.W. of Rennes.
Lambese, £. Ion. 5. 15. Ut.
43. 40. a town of France, in the pr.
ot Provence, fit. 9 m. N. of Aix.
Lamego, W. Ion. S. 6. lat. 41.
15. a city of Portugal, in the pr. of
Bsira, fit. a little S. of the river
Douro, 70 m. N. E. of Coimbra.
Lampsacvs, £. ion. 28. lat.
40. 12* a port town of the Leffer
Afia, at the entrance of the Pro*
pomis, oppofite to Galiipoii, in Eu-
rope, fit. 80 m. S. W. of Conflanti-
nyple.
La Kc ASTER, W. Ion. a. 44. lat,
54. the CO. town of Lancafline, fit.
•n the river Lon, 2co m. N.\V'. of
Londtm, and 37 N. ef Liverpool j
fends two ttiembers to parliament.
Lakchang, E. lon. loi. lat.
20. cap. of the kingdom of Laos, in
the Further India, fit. 360 m, N.
ofSiam,
Lakcxano, £. lon. 15. 25. lat;
42. 20. a city of Italy, in the king^
dom of Naples and Hither Abruzzu,
fit. near the gulph of Venice, 75 m.
N. E. of Naples. The fee of an
archb.
Landaff, W. lon. 3. 20. lat,
51. 33. a city of S. Wales, in the
CO. ot Glamorgan, fit. 26 m. N.W,
of Briftol. The fee of a bifli.
Landau, E. lon. 8. lat. 49, 12,
a city of Germany, in the cir. of
the Upper Rhine and Ian. of Alface,
fit. on the river Q^icch, 15 m. S,
W. of Spire, and 14 m. W. of Phi-
lip/burg, fub. to France.
Lanoen, E. lon. 5. lat. 50. 45,
a little town of the Aullrian Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Brabant, fit. on
the river Becke, 20 m. N. of Namur,
and 18 m. S. E. of Louvain. Here
the French, commanded by Marihal
Luxemburg, defeated the confede-
rate army commanded by K. WiU
liam III. The D. of Ormond, be-
ing taken prifoner by the French,
and the D. of Berwick made prifoner
by tiie allies. It is computed that
upwards of 20,000 men v.ere killed
in this battle, which was fought on
the 19th of July, 1693.
Landrecv, E. Um. 3. 25. lat.
50. 5. a town of the French Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Hainault, fit.
on the river Sambre, 18 m. E. ;f
Cambray, and 17 m. S. £. of Valen-
ciennes : Prince Eugene befieged this
town, after his leparating from the
Engli/h forces, anno 1712; but the
French defeating a part of his army
at Denain, and making; themfelves
mafters of his magazines, he was '
forced to raife the fiege.
Landscroon, £. Ion. 14. 20.
lat. 55. 42. a port town of Sweden
in the pr. of S. Gothland, and ter,
of Schonen, fit. on the Baltic Sea,
within the .Sound, 22 m. N. £. «£,
CopenJT.gen.
Lanoshut, £. lon. 12.6. lat.
48. 30. a city of Germany, cap. of
the Lower Bavaria, fit. 40 m. N. £»
of Munich, and 55 m. S. W. of
>
i'
Landipckc, £. loo, 15.
32.
latt
^
*
L A
iat, 52. 46. a town of Germany, In
the til", of Upper Saxony, and mar.
cf Brandenburg, fit. on the river
Wartii, 3z m. N. E. of Frankfort
upon Ouer.
Landspkrc, E. Ion. 11. lat.
48. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Bavaria, fit. near the rivei Lech,
23 m. S. of Auglburg, iub. to the
V, of Bavatia.
Lanerk, W. Ion. 3.40. lat. 55.
40. a borough town of bcoiland, in
the CO. of Clyde'ldale, fit. on the river
Clyde, 20 m. S. E. of Glafgow.
Lang£ac, E. Ion. 3. 15. ]at.
4.5. 6. a town of France, in the pr.
of Lionois and ter. of Auvergne, lit.
40 m. S. of Clermont.
Langland, E. Ion. 11. lat. 55.
an illand of Denmark, in the Baltic
Sea, fit. in the llrait called the Great
Belt, between Zeland and Funcn.
Langres, E. Ion, 5. zz, lat.
4S« a great city of Fiance, in the
pr. of Champaign, cap. ot the co.
of Bafigny, lit. on the river Marne,
50 m. 1>. E. of Troycs. The Bifliop
whereof is one of the twelve peers
of France.
Lanm utDOC, a pr. of France,
boundcc' by Lionois on the N. by ths
liver Khone, which divides it from
Daupliine and I'rovence, on the E. by
the Mediterranean and the Pyrenees
on the S. and by Guicnne and Gaf-
ccny on tlic W. The capital city
whereof is i'ouloufc.
Lanzo, E. Ion. 7. 30. lat. 45.
10. a toun cf Italy, in the ter. of
pieJmont, fit. 15 m. N. of 'lurin,
fub. to tiic H. ot Sarouiia.
Lachf.lka, iin ancient city of
the LtfiLi Alia, fit. E. ot Epiielus,
Itow in ruins.
Laon, L. Ion. 3.45. lat. 49. 37.
a gitat city ot France, in the pr. of
tiif ifi-* vt France, fit. 7 m. N. E.
of i'aris, and 15 N. V/. of Kheims.
•J h-: biiliop whereof iv a peer of
iiiinc,
Laos, a country of the Further
]adia, in Afia, bounded by China on
the N. '1 unburn uu tlu: E. Siam and
L A
Cambodia on the S. and by Ava an4
Pegu on tlie W.
Laotung. See LEAOTUNoi
Lapland, the moft noithcrly
part of Europe, is furrounded by the
frozen ocean on the N. E. and W,
and lies between 10 and 35 decrees
of E. Ion. and between 65 and 72
degrees of N. lat. The N. E. pait
whereof is fub. to Rulfia, and tailed
RuiTian Lapland j the N. W. part of
it is fub. to Denmaik, and called
Norwegian Lapland } and that pait
of Lapland which lies S. of thefc is
called Swedifll Lapland, But tlie
exatSt limits of thelc divifions is not
known, the people generally leading
a wandering life, and having very
few towns, but live in huts under
the fnow tvvo thirds ««f the year.
Here are very fev/ animals or vege-
tables. The rein deer is the moft
ut'ehil animal they have, which draws
their fledges over the fnow with fur-
prifmg fwiftnefs ; his fkin alio fervcs
them for cloath ng, and his flefh for
food. They hunt foxes, martens,
f^Tiins, and other animals proper to
their climate, whofe furs they fell
to their fouthern neighbour?. In
Swedifll Lapland, about Torne and
the Boihnic Gulph, they have mines
ef copper and iron which the Swedes
work, and boaft tlu'y have made
Chridians of many of their Lipland
fubjedls i but 'tis certain they have
not improved their inoials, for fur-
nifliing them with heady, ftrong
}i4uors, they aie f-^ldom fober when
they can purclufc tlicm.
Lar, E. Ion. 54. lat. 2" 15. a
city ot I'erfiJ, in the pr. of Fartf,
fit. 360 m. S. E. of Ifpahan.
Laredo, W. Ion. 3. 40. lat. 43.
30. a port town of Spain, in the pi.
ot Bil'cav, fit. on the coaft ot Eiltay,
30 m. W. of Bilboa.
Lar IN A, E. Ion. 15. 45. lat. 41.
50. a town of Italy, in the K. of
Naples and pr. of MolilV, lit. ('o
m. Nr-E. of Naples. The fee ol a
bith.
Larissa, E, Ion. 23. 30. I.«t.
3^
VJ.
L A^
hi^
L E
l.ir. 41.
c K. -f
lir. ('o
fee o! a
30, l.'f.
3'>
^9. a city of European Turlc]r> in
the pr. of ThefTily, fit, on the river
Peneus, 60 m. S. of Salonichi, and
80 M. of Athens or Setines. It is
at prefent a large populous city, and
is (aid to have been the place of
Achilles*s nativity,
Larta, £. Ion. 21. 15. lat. 39.
a port town of European Turky, in
the pr. of Epirus or Janna, fir. at
the entrance of the gulph of Ve-
nice, 65 m. N. of the gulph of Le-
panto, and 40 m. S. of the ifiand of
Corfu.
Lavamund, E. Ion. 15. lat.
47. a city of Germany, in the cir.
of Auftria, and D. of Carinthia,
fit. 36 m. E. of Clagenfurt, at the
confluence of the rivers Drave and
Lavamund.
Laubach, E.lon. 14.40. lat. 46.
28. a city of Germany, in the cir.
of Auftria, capital of the D. ofCa-
rinthia, fit. 70 m. S. W. of Gratz,
and 140 S. W. of Vienna. The fee
of a bifh.
Laud A, E, Ion. 9. 30. lat, 49,
35, a town of Gerrtiany, in the cir.
of Franconia, and bi/h. of Wurtf-
bing, fit. i« m. S. W. of Wurtf-
burg.
Lauhar, W. Ion. 7, 31;. lat.
55. 46. a borouph town of Scotland,
in the rtiire of Mcrs, fit. az m. S.E,
of Edinburgh,
Laufpek, E. Ion. 9. ;. lat.
40. a town of Germany, in the cir,
of Suabia, and D. of Wirtemburg,
fit. on the river Neckar, 10 m. S.
of Hailbrun, fub, to the D. of Wir-
temburg.
Lauffknburc, E. k)n, 8. ht.
47. 36, a town of Germany, in the
circle of Suabia, fit. on the river
Khine, a6 m. S, of Friburg, one of
the forefl towns, fub. to the houfe
of Auftri;».
Lau NOES TON, W. Ion. 4. 40.
lat. 50. 45. the CO. town of Corn-
wall, fit. 36 m. W. of Exeter, and
aoo m. W. of London j fends two
members to parliament.
Lausannk, E. Ion. 6. 31. lat.
46. 33. a city of bwiucrlasdi in the
canton of Bern, fit, on the N. fide
of the lake of Geneva, 40 m, S. W,
of Bern ; a unir.
Lautxrbur<s, B. ton. 8. lat.
48. 45. a town of Germany, in the
cir. or the Upper Rhine and Lan*
of Alface, fit. on the river Lauter,
near the Rhine, 7 m, S. E. of Wei-
fenburg. Here the Germans caft
up lines to defend their frontierv
againft France, till Landau was ta-
ken, but now they are of no ufe t9
them.
Laoterburg, E. Ion. 20. lat.
53. 30. a town of Poland, in the
pr. of Royal Pruflia, iit, 70 m. S.E*
of Dantzick.
Lawenbvrg Duchy, fit. in
Germany, in the cir. of Lower Sax-
ony, is bounded by the D. of HuN
rtein on the N. and W. by the D,
of Mecklenburg on the £. and by
the D. of Lunenburg, from which
ii is feparated by the river Elbe on
the W. being about 35 miles long,
and 20 broad, fub. to £. of Hano-
ver, now K. of Great Britain.
L.wvenburg city, E.lon. 10,
37. lat, 53. 45. a city of Germany,
in the circle of Lower Saxony, cap,
of the D. of Lawenburg, fit. on
the river Elbe, 35 m. N. E. of Ham-
burg, and 15 m. N. E. of Lunen-
burg.
Lawingen, E. Ion. 10. 20, lat.
48. 38. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Suabia, fit. on the Danube,
20 m. N. E. of Ulm, and 9 m.
S. W. of Hockftct. Here the D. of
Bavaria fortified his camp, in order
to defend his country againft the
British forces and their allies, com-
mandid by the D, of Marlborough^
in the year 1704.
Laxemduro, E. Ion. 16. 2i«
lat. 48. 15. a town of Germany, in
the cir. of Auftria, fit. 10 m. S. of
Vienna, where tiie Auflrian family
have a palace.
Lea KiveR) rifes near Luton in
Bcdfordfliirc, runs S. E. by Whe-
tamftcad in Hrrtfordfliire, then K,
through Hertford and Ware, then
Si diviuins EHl-x from Hcrtfoidil^ire,
T tn*
u
L E
-^4
L E
and afterwards EflTex from MidJIe-
ftx, falling into the Thames a little
below Biackwall. By this river
great quantities of corn and malt are
brought to London, out of Hertford-
shire.
Leagues of the Grifons, are a
part of Switzerland, confiding of
three fub-divifions, viz, i. The up-
per league. 2. The league of the
houfe of Gad. And 3. The league
of the ten jurifdidions. Each of
them forms a fovcreign indepen.dent
republic, but v^'ere united tor theiv
common defence, anno 1457, and
have a general afiembly compofcd of
the deputies of every province, like
that of the Stntes General of the
United Provinces ; but more of their
conllitution will be found m the de-
scription of Switzerland.
Lea oT UNO, the moft northerly
pr. of China, in Afin, bounded by
Chincfian Tartary on the N. by the
lea of Corea on the E. by the great
wall, whi(h feparates it fiotn the
reft of China, on the S. by another
part of Tartary on the W.
Lear MOUTH, VV. Ion. 2. 5.
Jat. 55. 40. a market town of Nor-
thumberland, fit. 4S m. N. W. of
Newcaftle, and 12 m. S, W, of
Berwick.
Lebus, E. Ion. 15. lat, 52. 30,
a town of Germany, in the mar. of
Bundcnburg, fit. on the river Oder,
43 m. E. of Berlin,
Lccc I F, E. Ion. 19. lat. 40. 31.
a city of Italy, in the K. of Naples,
rnd icr. of Qtranto, fit. 16 m. N.
of the city of OtrantP.
Lecco, E. Ion. 9. 40. lat. 45.
4c. a town of Italy, in the Duchy
of Mihn, fit. on the lake Como,
30 m. N. of Milan.
Lech, a river of Germany, which
r'fing in Tyiol, runsN, dividing Su.i-
bi.i i\:m Bavaria, and having palled
by Landi'piug and Aupfburg falls into
the Danube below Donawert.
Lech, a river of Holland, formed
h\ ti)c river Rhine, which runs
from E, to W. through the provinces
of Gelderland and Utrecht, and uni-
ting with the waters of the Maes,
falls into the German Sea near the
city of BrieJ.
Lechlaoe, W. Ion. i. 45. laf.
51. 42, a market town of Glocefter-
fliite, fit. on the river Ifis, 10 m. E.
of Cirencefter, and 22 m, S. £. of
Glotefter.
Lechnich, E. Ion. 6. 35. lat,
50. 40. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of the Lower Rhine, and Eledle-
ratc of Cologn, fit. 10 m. S. W. of
Cologn, and fub. to the Eledtor.
Lecluse, E. Ion. 3. Jat. 50.
20. a town of the French Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Flanders, fit. 5
m. S. of Doway.
Lectour, E. Ion. 52 min. lat.
44. a city of France, in the pr. of
(Jafcony, fit. 10 m. S. E. of Con-
dom. The fee of a bifli.
Ledbury, W. Ion. 2. 27. lat,
52. 6. a market town of Hereford-
iliire, fit. 13 m. E. of Hereford.
Ledesma, W. Ion. 6. 35. Jat.
41. 15. a town of Spain, in the pr.
of Leon, fit. on :I»e river Tornies,
iS m. W. of Salamanca.
Leeds, W. Ion. j. 17. lat, 53.
48. a town of Yorkshire, in the
W. riding, fit. on the river Aire, 20
m. S. W. of York. Where there
is one of the greateft markets for
woollen cloth in the K. Great
quantities ate bought up every week
by the merchants, and fent into
Rufiia, Germany, and other foreign
countries. The town is very popu •
lous, and they employ nil the viU
lages in the neighbourhood in this
manufadlure.
Leek, W. Ion. %. lat. 5^. 6. a
market town of StafTbrdfliire, fit, 16
m. N. of Stafford.
Leer DAM, E. Ion. 5, lat. 51,
50. a town of the United Provinces,
in the pr. of Holland, 17 m. N. £*
of Dort.
Lrr.RwiCK, W. Ion. 30 min.
lat. 61. 20. a town of Scotland,
in main land, one of the ifiands
of Shetland, in the co, of Orkney,
fit.
L E
L E
53«
n ihe
re, 20
there
ts tor
Great
week
, into
oreign
ponu .
5i«
nnces,
IN. E.
min.
Itland,
liflands
}kney,
fu.
fit. 130 m. N.E. of Cathnefs, In
Scotland. Thefe idands did belong
to Denmark, but were ceded to
Scotland, on the marriage of one of
the Kings of Scotland with the K.
of DcMmark's daughter. Here the
Dutch begin to fifh for herrings an-
nually, on the a4th of June, and
continue fifliing to the end of Auguft,
or beginning of September, employ-
Mig, fometimes, 2000 buifcs in a
Icaibn.
Leeward Islands, in Ame-
rica. See Caribbees.
Leghorn, or Livorno, a port
town of Italy, in the D. of Tuf-
cany, £. ion. 11. lat. 43. 30. fit.
en the Tufcan Sea, 40 m. W. of
Florence, and 1 50 N. W. of Rome.
It has a commodioas and fecure har-
bour, but fo Hable to be choaked up
with fands, that the Great Duke's
(laves are continually employed in
clearing it ; and with the fand they
take up, they hll up the marfhes
about the place ; which has rendered
this city more healthful than it was
foi-iz' ■'■ Leghorn is a free port,
whii.' '• made it lich and popu-
lous .hantsreforting hither from
all nations. But if foreign merchants
pay no duties, the inland duties are
very high, nothing going in or out
of Leghorn, but the natives pay great
taxes for it. We import from hence,
filk, wine, and oil.
Leicester, W. Ion. i. 5. lat.
51. 40. the CO. town of Lcicefter-
uire, fit. on the river Soure, So
m. N. W. of London j fends two
members to parliament. From hence
the noble family of Coke take the
tiile of Earl.
Leigh, W. Ion. 2. 28. lat. 53.
30. a market town of Lancashire,
fit. 21m. £. of Liverpool, and 32
m. S. £. of Lancafter.
Leiohton buzzard, W. Ion.
40 min. lat. $1. 50. a market town
of Bedford/hire, fit. 15 m. S. of
Bedford.
LiiNiNGBN, E. Ion. 7. 50.
liU 49. p. a tvwa of Germany, ia
the pal. of the Rhine fit. 7 m. S.W#
of Worms.
Leinster, a pr. of Ireland,
bounded by Ulftcr on the N. St,
George's, or the Iri(h channel, on
the E. and S. and by the provinces of
Connaught and Munfter on the W,
the capital city of the pr. and of the
K. is Dublin.
Leipsic, E. Ion. 12. 40. lat,
51. 20. a city of Germany, in the
cir. of Upper Saxony, and pr. of
Mifnia, or MeilFen, fit. on the ri-
ver Pleifs, 42 m. N. W. of Dref-
den. It is a rich, populous town,
and has a very great trade, and a
celebrated univ. the High Dutch
fpoken in the greateft purity ; fub*
to the Elector ol Saxony, K.. of Po-
land,
Leith, W. Ion. 3. lat. 58.2.
a port town of Scotland, in \he co.
of Midlothian, 2 m. N. of Edin^
burgh, and may be called the porc
town of that capital.
Lcman Lake, fomctinTes cat-
led the lake of Geneva, that city
ftanding at the W. cn^l of it, ia
bounded by Switzerland on the N.
and E, by Savoy on the S. and by
France on the W. Tliis lake ir 6a
m. long, and 12 broad, and in fome
places 400 fathoms deep, as 'tis faid«
abounding in a variety of excelicnC
fifh. It refembles the fea in the
colour of its waters, and the ftorms
raifed in it ; and in fummer has fome-
thing like a tide, occafioned by the
melted fnow, which runs into it
more plentifully from the Aipi that
furround it, at neon-day, than in
the morning and cve» ing. The river
Rhone tuns through ir, and brings
with it a vad quantity of water in
fummer, when the fnows melt, and
then both the iakes and rivers of
Switzerland are much higher than in
the winter.
Lrmburg Lcopolis, £. Ion,
24. lat. 49. a city of Poland, capital
of the pr. of Red RuHia, 200 m*
S. of Warfaw.
LsMoow, E. Ion. 8« 40, lat.
T ft 5».
L E
L E
51, 5. a town of Germany, in the
sir. of "Weftphalia, and co. of Lippe,
fit. 20 m. N. of Paderbornc, and as
arany S. of Minden,
Lemnos, E. Ion, 26. lat. 39,
an ifland of the Archipelago, in E'j-
, ropean Turky, fir, 40 ni. S.W. of
; the entrance of the HelleCpont, or
Dardanells, It has a town of the
fame name, which is the capital of
the ifland. This ifland produces both
«orn and wine, but wood and water
are very fcarce. Their greateft riches
is a jnincra], called Terra Lemnia,
laid to have a great many vij tues j
that it cures wounds, flops fluxes,
expels poifon, &c.
L£Msi £R, W. Ion. 2. 45, Jat,
52. 20. a borough town of H*ereford-
Aire, fit, 12 m. N. of Hereford j
* fends two members to parliament.
Lena, a great river, which rifes
'in Siberia, in Afiatic Rufli^, and
. running N. from the lat. of 55 to
72, fall? into the frozen ocean ^ by
which river the Ruffians fccm to
• })ave feme expectations of finding a
vay to Japan and China.
Lencicia, or Lancicia, E.
Jon. 19. lat. 52. jc. a city of Great
, Poland, capital of the pal. of Lancicia,
- fit. 70 m. W. of Warfaw.
Lens, £. bn. 2. 45. lar. 50. 26,
a town of the French Netherlandi,
in the pr, of Artois, fit, 8 m. N. of
Arras.
Lio (St.) E. Ion. 1 v 20. lat, 44,
a town of Italy, ir. tne D, of Ur.
bino, and ter. of the Pope, fit. 20
m. N. W. of Urbino ; the fee of a
bifli.
Leominster, SeeLEMSTER.
Leon, W. Ion, 6, 5. lat. 43. a
city of Spain, capital of the pr. of
Leon, fit. on the river Efla, 165 m.
N.W. of Madrid. It i: a large city,
the capital of the firfl Chriflian Kings
of Spain, where fevcn of them lie
interted. It is the fee of a bifli.
fuffragan of C impoflella, and the
cathedral eftttmed the moft elegant
building of,its kind in Spain.
Leon, W. Ion. 91. lat. 11. 30.
a city of MexicOf capita] of the pr.
of Nicaragua, fit. at the W. tni of
the iakc of Nicaragua, and 20 m«
E. of the S. fea, at the foot of a
mountain, which is a volcano, and
occafions earthquakes. It confifts of
about jooo houfes, and has feve-
ral monafteries in it, being the fee
of a bifli. It was fet on fire by the
Buccaneers, anno 1684, for refufing
to pay the contribution demanded of
them. Dampier was among thefe
Buccaneers, but bad not the com-
mand of them.
Leonard (St.) E. Ion, 1. 45.
lat. 45. 50. a town of France, in the
pr. ofGuienne, and ter« of Limofin,
lit, on the river Vienne, 15 m. E, of
Limoges,
Leonhart (ST.)E.lon. 15. lat.
47. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Auftria, and D. of Carinthia, fit.
42 m. E. of Clagenfurt,
Leontini, E. Ion. 14. 50. lat,
37. 40. a town of Sicily, in the pr.
of Noto, fit, 20 m. N. W. of Sy-
racufe,
Leopolstat, E.lon. 18. 6. lat.
48. 55. a city of the Upper Hungary,
lit. 45 m, N. E. of Preft)urg j fub,
to the houle of Auftria,
Lepanto, E, Ion, 23, lat. 38.
a port town of European Turky, fit,
on the N, fuie of the gulph of Le.
panto, in the pr. of Achaia, or Li-
vadia, lit. 40 m. W. of Dclphoj, 80
m. W. of the Ifthmus of Connth,
24 m. N, of the oppofite /hore of
the Morea, and jo m. E, of th«
ftrait or entrance ot the gvilph of
Lepanto. The produce of the adja-
cent country is wine, oil, corn, rice,
leather, and tobacco } the wine e-
Aeemed equal to any in Greece. The
ancient name of this town was Nau-
partus. Near this place the Vene-
tians obtained a fignal vid^ory over
the Turks, anno 1571. This city
is inhabited by Gi'ecian Chriflians, as
well as Turks, and is the fee of a
birti. but fub, to Turky.
Lcrkna. See Ellfrena.
Leria, or Leira, W. Ion, 4.
15. lat. 39. 30. a city of Portugiii,
ii) the pr. of £Urcmadura, fit. 60 ou
N.
L E
L E
N. of Lifbon, and 12 m. £. of the
ocean ; the fee of a bifli.
Lkrida, £. Ion. 5 min. lat. 41.
20. a city of Spain, in the pr. of
Catalonia , lit. on the river Segra,
100 m. W. of Barcelona. This city
declared for K. Charles, on the re-
du£lion of Barcelona, anno 1705,
but was taken by ftorm by the D.
of Orleans, after the battle of Al-
manza, anno 1707 j the garrifon,
-which confided chiefly of Enghlh,
retired into the caftle, and furren<
dered upon honourable terms, on the
I2th of November. It is a univ.
and the fee of a bifhop, fuftragan of
Tarragona..
Lerins, two iflands on the coaft
of Provence, in S. France, 5 or 6 m.
S. of Antibes ; the one called St.
Margaret, and the other St. Ho-
norat.
Lesbos, orMETBtiN, E. Ion.
a6. 30. lat. 38. 30, an ifland of the
Archipelago, in Afiatic Turky, fit.
60 m. N, W. of Smyrna, in the
LeHer Afia. It is 50 m. long, and
25 broad^ .md produces corn, wine,
ligs, and oil. Its wines were much
admired by Ariftotle, Horace, and
Strabo. Arion, who charmed the
dolphin with his mufic, is f^id to be
a native of this idand ; Epicurus and
Ariflotle read lectures hete ; and
rittdcus, one of the (even wife men,
and Sappho the poetefs, were natives
of this ifland. Caflro, the ancient
Metelin, is the chief town, v.'luio a
Cadi, or Turkiih ecclefiaflic, has the
adminiflration of the civil govern-
ment, ami an Aga of the Jjnizaries
commands the foldiers. 'I'hcrc are
upwards of 100 villages in rl>e ifland,
one of them called Eriflo, fuppofed
to be the EriiTus of the ancicnrs.
Lescau, W. Ion. 35 min. ht.
43. 26. a c ty of Fran:e, in the jir.
of Gafcony, and ter, of Beam, fit.
40 m. £. oi Bayonne j the iec of a
bifli.
Lesk ARD, W. Ion. 4. 45. lat. 50.
34. a borough town of Cornwall, lit.
15 m. S. W. of LiuiiCf-flon J fends
two m^mbas to parliament.
LcsSiNKs, E. Ion. 3. 45. laC
50. 53, a town of the Auftrian Ne-
therlands, in the pr. of Hainault, fit.
on the river Dender, 14 m. N. of
Mons.
Lestwithiel, W. ion. 5. lat.
50, 30. a borough town of Cornwall,
fit. 23 m. S. W. of Launcefton ;
fends two members to parliament.
L E T R I M, a county of Ire-
land, in the pr, of Cornaught.
Letten lani>, or Lettoni a,
the S. divifion of Livonia, lying be-
tween the Baltic fea and the pr. of
Novogorod, in Ruflia j fub. to Raflia .
Lettere, E. Ion. 15. lat. 40.
45. a town of Italy, in the K. of
Naples, and Hither Principate, fit,
on the gulph of Naples, 16 m. S, of
that city j the fee of a bifh.
Levant, the E. part of the
Mediterranean fea, fo called, bound-
ed by Natolia, or the Leflcr Afia, on
the N. by Syria and Palelline on the
E. by Egypt and Barca on the S.
and by the ifland of Candia and the
other part of the Medittrranean on
the W.
Leucate, E. Ion. 2.40. lat, 43.
5. a town of France, in the pr. of
Languedoc, fit. on a bay of the Medi-
terranean fea, 14 m. S. of Narbonne,
Leuchtenberg, E.lon. 12. 2 z.
ht, 49. 38. a town of Germany, in
the Bavarian pal. fit. 15 m.. N. E.
of Amberg.
I.EUE, E. Ion, 5. lat, 50. 55; a
a town of the Auflaian Neiherlands,
in the pr. of Brabant, fit: on the ri-
ver Gheet, near the confines of Liege,
16 m, E. of Louvain.
Lever POOL, W. ion. 3, lat. 53.
28. a port town of Lancafnire, (it.
on a bay of the Iri/h channel, 36 m.
S. of Lincaflcr, ;ind 15 m. N. of
Chefter j a good harbour, and a rich,
popviluu^, trading town j fends two
members to parli irrwnt.
Lf.uKoux, E. Icn. I. 3^, laf, 47,
a town or" France, in the pr. of Or-
lean-iis, and tcr. of Berry, fit. 35 n>.
S. W. of Bo!ir[Ps.
Lpusr, E. l')n. 3. 30, ht. ^o.
40. a town of the Aullrian Nrthrr*
T 3 i*ads,
L E
L E
landSj in the pr. of Hainault, fit. on
the river Dender, 14 m» N. W. of
Mons.
Leutkirk, E. Ion. 10. lat. 47.
45. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Suabia, fit. 35 tn. S. of Ulm.
Leutmerits, E. Ion. 14. lat*
50. 28. a city of Bohemia, fit. on
the river Elbe, 25 m. N. of Prague j
the fee of a bifb.
LEWi^RDEN, E. Ion, 5. 35. lat.
53. ao. a city of the Unhed Pro-
vinces, capital of the pr. of Weft
Friefland, fit. 66 m. N. E. of Am-
fterdam. It is an elegant city, was
the ufual relidence of the Stadtholder
the P. of Orange, and here the States
of the province alTemble. There are
navigable canals from fhis city to the
fea, and to almoft every confiderable
town in the pr. wheieby it has a
hr'ifk trade.
Lewes, E. Ion. 5 min. lat. 50.
55. a borough town of SufTex, fit. on
the river Oufe, 5 m. N. of the En-
gli/h channel, and 40 m. S. of Lon-
don ; fends two members to parlia-
ment.
Lewis. See Fort Liwis.
Lewis HOUR G, W. Ion. 61. 30.
lat. 46. 50. capital of the ifiind of
Cape Breton, in N. America, fit.
360 m. N. £. of Annapolis in Aca^
idle, and 240 nu S. W. of Piacentia
in Newfoundland, taken from the
Frepch by the Englift, anno 1745,
kut reftore*^ to France by the treaty
•f Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748.
Lewis Island, W.lon. Sdegrees
•dd min. and between 58 and 59 de-
grees odd min. N. lat. lying 70 m.
W. of the main land of Scotland,
and 20 m. N. W. of the ide of Sky,
aad ii about 80 m. in length, and 41
in breadth. This ifland is exceed,
ingly well fit. both for the herring
and cod fifhery.
Lewis Port, See Port
Lewis.
LxYDKK, E. Ion. 4. )af. 52. 12.
a city of the United Provinces, in
the pr. of HoJlanl, fit. on the old
tiuaael of tke Khinc, U9m the Si
ehd of the lake called Haerlem-meer,
4 m. £. of the ocean, and 20 m. S.
of Amfterdam. It is one of the
moft elegant cities in Holland, and
the largcil next to Amfterdam and
Rotterdam ; but the air is bad, oc-
cafioned by the ftagnation of the
waters of the Rhine, part whereof
form Harlem-meer, and the reft have
found new channels, which go un-
der the names of the Waal and the
Lech. Thofe that have viewed this
city n'cely, obferve, that there are in
it 30 iflands, 24 canals, 180 ftreets,
and 95 bridges. There are feveral
great hofpitals, and a univ. confift^
ing of 2000 ftudents j but there are
only two colleges, moft of the lads
boarding in the town, and wearing
no diftinguifhing habits ; and as they
have no exhibitions while they are
fcholars, fo neither do they expeft
fellowfliips when they have taken
their degrees. The fchools confift of
a large pile of brick building, three
ftories high j in the uppermoft whereof
the ingenious Elzivir had his printing-
room. Adjoining to the fchools is a
phyfic-garden, where the profeffor of
botany reads leftures. Their profef-
fors never wear gowns but at ledlures,
and when they prefide at public dif-
putations, Their library is in great
efteem for its MSB. tnd their ana-
tomy theatre is faid to exceed that of
Padua and Surgeons-hall in London,
having a greater variety of fkelctona
aud mummies of all kinds. There
is a confiderable woollen manufa£lure
in Leyden.
Leyna, a river of Cermariy,
which rifes on the confines of Hefle,
and runs N, thro' the D. of Brunf-
wic, pafTes by Gottingen, Calenbcrg,
and Hanover, and difcharges itfelf
into the river Aller, at Batmar.
Levte, E. Ion. 123. lat. 11.
one of the Philippine idands, in
Afii, feparated from the ifland of
Philippina by a n.irrow channel on
t'lie N. E. as it is from the iflands of
Bihol and Cebu by another channel
wlheS,W,
iBZiNA,
TL I
■L I
Lezina, E. Ion. i6. 16. !at.4i.
40. a town of Italy, in the K. of
Napics, and pr. of the Capitinate, fit.
©n a bay of the gulph of Venice, 75
m. N. £. of Naples,
Lhanvillin, W. Ion. 3. 20.
lat. 52. 48. a market town of Mont-
gomeryfliire, in N, Wales, fit. 10 m.
N»of Montgomery.
Lhon kiver, rifes in the ]an«
of Hefle Cade), and runs S. W. pair-
ing by Marpurg, Wetzlar, and Naf-
fau, and falls into the Rhine almoft
oppufite to Cublentz.
LiBANUS MOUNTAINS, IhA-
• fiatic Turky, fit. between Syria and
I'aleftine, extending from Sidon on
the Levant fca, ez'^wa- ' /ond Da.
mafcus, much > in ik ' of for
the fine cedars they produce.
LiBAW, £. Ion. 21. lat. 56. 40.
a port town of Poland, in the D. of
Courland, fit. on a bay of the Baltic
fea, 80 m. £. of Mittau, fub. to the
13. of Courland.
LiEouRN, W. Ion. 25 min. lat.
45. a town of France, in the pr. of
Guienne, fit. on the river Dordonne,
10 m. N. £. of Bourdcauxt
Libya, a great part of Africa,
S. W. of Egypt, fo called by the
ancients.
LicER, orLEGAR, St. E. Ion.
55 m. lat. 43, 6. a city of France,
in the pr. of Gafcony, fit. 35 m. S.
cf Touloufe, and 17 m. E. of St,
Bertrand j the fee of a bifii.
LiCH, or LicHA, E. Ion. 8, 30.
lat. 50. 28. a town of Germany, in
the Ian. of Hefle, and co. of Solms,
fit. 18 m. N. of Frankfort.
LiCHTENBERG, E. lun. 12. lat.
50. 26. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Franconia, and mar. of Cul-
Icmbach, fit. 20 m. N. of Cullem-
bach.
LlCHTENFFLS, E. Jon. II. 10.
lat, 50. 20. a town of Germany, in
the cir. of Franconia, and bifh. of
Bamberg, fit. on the river Maine,
15 m. N. E. of Bamberg.
LiDp, E. Ion, 58 min. lat. 50.
58. a market town of Kent, fit. ne.ir
She Englilh channel^ 5 m. S, W. %(
Romney, and 22 m. S, of Canter-
bury.
LiDDES'DAi. t, a county of Scot-
land, bounded by Tiviotdale on the
N. Cumberland on the S. £. and
Annandale on the S. W,
LiDKopiNG, E. Ion. 13, 30.
lat. 58. 40. a town of Sweden, in
the pr. of W. Gothland, fit. on the
Wencr lake, 64 m. N. E. of Got-
tenburg.
LlECHTENAU, E. lon. 10. 45,
lat. 49. ]8. a town of Germany, in
the cir. of Franconia, and mar. of
Anfpach, fit. 17 m. S. E. of Nu-
remberg, and fubjedt to the city of
Nuremberg.
LlEFKINSTOCK, E. lon. 4. 5,
lat. 51. r a fortrefs of Dutch
Flandf rs, nt. on the W. fide of the
river Scheld, oppofite ic Lillo, 7 m»
N. W. of Antwerp.
Liege bifhopric, a ter. of Ger-
many, in the circle of Wefiphalia,
(though by fome reckoned a pr. of
the Netherlands, being in a manner
furroundcd by the Neiherlands) is
boundi'd by Brabant on the N. and
W. by the pr. of Limburg on the E.
and by the pr. of Luxemburg and
Namur on the S. TJie river Macs,
or Mues, running along the S. E.
confines of the bifh, and dividing it
from the pr. of Limburg. It it 70
m. in length from N. to S. and 25
in breadth from E. to W. and in
fome places 50 m. broad. A plea-
fant fruitful country, having exten-
five fields of corn, and a great deal
of rich paflure and meadow ground.
There are alio fome mines of lead
and iron, and quarries of marble ;
but moft confiderable for the great
quantities of brimf^one and vitriol
which the country produces, as well
as mineral waters, particularly near
the Spa, or Spaw.
Luge city, E. lon. 5. 36. lat.
50. 40. the capital of the bifh. of
Liege, in Germany, fit. on the ri-
ver Maes, 12 m. S. of Maeftriclir,
30 m. N. E. of Namur, and 50 m.
E. of Bruffels, being about 4 m. io
circumference ; a j^opulous, we.1l thy
L I
L I
'
City J two branches of the river
Maes, and other rivulets or canals,
running thro' feveral of the ftreets,
and forming little iHands. No city
in Germany or France can equal it
in fine churches and convents : there
are not lefs than loo churches of alT
forts, and a very numerous clergy
belonging to the churches and mo-
nafteries, which are (o pleafantly fit.
and have fuch endowments, that the
city is fometimes called the paradife
of the ecclefiaflics ; and, among other
religious houfes, here is one of £n-
glifh nuns, and they have a univ. of
great fame. The fortiticatlons of the
town are not very ftrong, being com-
manded by the neighbouring hills,
but the citadel is capable of making
a good defence. The late bifhop,
Mvbo was alfo £le£lor of Cologn* put
it into the hands of the French at
the beginning of Q^ Anne's war, hut
the D. of Marlborough took it fiom
them, anno 1702) and the French
befieging it again, anno 1705, they
were obliged to raife the fiege by the
fame general, on his return from the
Mofelle. The magiflrates of Liege
pretend that it is an imperial city,
or fovereign flate ; but they have
fufl'ered very feverely for difputing
the authority of their bifhop, who
is in faft abfolute fovereign of the
city, as well as the bifhopric. He
is chofen by the 60 major canons,
who are mofl of them of noble ex-
traction. This bifhop is one of the
mod confiderable ecclefiaf^ical Princes
of Germany, having within his dio-
cefe 52 baronies, 18 wailed towns,
and 400 villages full of people, with
a revenue of 300,000 ducats, or no-
bleSf per annum j and is able to
maintain a body of 8000 men, with-
out oppreding his fubje£ts, who are
generally Roman Catholics.
LiERE, £. Ion. 4, 30. lat. 51.
15. a town of the Auftrian Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Brabant, At. on
the river Nethe, 9 m. N. of Mech-
lin or Malines, and 12 m. S. £. of
Antwerp.
Litus, £. Ion. 5. 5«. lat. 50,
4ir a village of the bifh. of LIege>.
in the cir. of Weflphalia, in Gsr-
many, fit, 4 m. N. of Liege, and
10 mr S. of Maeftricht j where the
late battle was fought between the
allies commanded by Prince Charles
of Lorrain, and the French com •
manded by Count Saxe, Oft. 1746.
LiFFEY, a river of Ireland,whi«th
rifes in the co. of Wicklow, runs
W. through that co. into Kildare,
and then turning N. £. runs through
the CO. of Dublin, and having pafTed
by the city of Dublin, falls into the
Iri/h channel a little below it.
LiFFORD, W, Ion. 7. 45. lat.
54. 47. a town of Ireland, in the
CO. of Donnegal, and pr. of Ulfler,.
fit. 24 m. N. £. of Donnegal.
LiGNE, £. ion. 3. 35. lat. 50,
45. a town of the Auflrian Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Hainault, fit. en
the river Dender, 12 m. N. W. ©f
Mons.
LiGNiTS, £. Ion.. 16. I'S. lat*.
51. 16. a city of Bohemia, in the
pr. of Silefia, fit. 28 m. N, W. of
fireflaw.
LiGNY, E. Ion, 5. 12. lat. 48.
38. a town of Lorrain, in the ter,
of Bar, 7 m. S. £. of Bar-le-duc,
and 30 m. W. of Nancy.
LiLLERS, £. Ion. 2. 32. lat. 5c.
38. a town of the French Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Artois, 18 m.
N. W. of Arras.
LiLLo, E. Ion, 4. 7. lat. 51. 2>5.
a fortrefs of the Netherlands in Dutch
Brabant, fit. on the £. fide of the
river Scheld, 8 m. N. of Antwerp,
and commands the navigation of that
river.
Lima, a pr. of Peru, in S. Anve-
rica, bounded by that of Quito on
the N. by the country of the Ama-
zons on the £. by the pr. of Los
Charcas on the S. and by the Pacific
ocean on the W. being about 800
m. in length from N. te S. but not
400 m. broad in any place.
Lima city, or Los Reyes, W.
Ion. 76. S. lat. 12. 30. is the capi-
tal ef the pr. of Lima, and of the
whole empiic of Peru j and is fit.
•a
LI
L I
Ame-
uito on
Ania-
of Los
Pacific
lit 800
ut not
•n iht banks of the river Lima, 6
HI. £. of the Pacific ocean, and of
the port town of Calao, in a fruitful
plain, 350 m. W. of Cufco, which
was the capital in the reigns of the
Incas, or Indian fovereigns. The
city is 4 miles in length, and 2 in
breadth, exceeding rich, and plenti-
fully fiipplied with all manner of
provifions, and with European as
well as Indian fruits. This being the
rnly country, between the tropics,
where grapes come to perfeftion, and
make good wine ; for here it never
rains, but their vineyards and fields
are watered by rivulets, which de-
fcend from the mountains of the
Andes, and will ripen at any time
of the year, if the waters are turned
into them ; whereas, in other coun-
tries between the tropics, the peri-
odical rains happening at the time
the grapes are ripe, they burft, and
will not make good wine. The
buildings of this city are very low,
feldom more than one ftory, and ex-
tremely flight, fcarce ever covered
with any thing heavier than reeds
or matting j for if they were more
fubftantial, they would be in dan-
ger of being buried in the ruins of
their houfes by the frequent earth-
quakes that happen here : and they
have no occafion to provide againft
rain or ftormy weather, there being
neither rain or ftorms to difturb them
on this coaft ; but their earthquakes
are very terrible j the city was almoft
overturned by ihcm in the years
1586 and 1687. and almoft deftroyed
again by an earthquake in 061:. 1746.
They would be too happy if it were
rot for fuch fhocks ; for the adja-
cent country is a perfedl: parr.difc,
producing plenty of corn, wine, oil,
fugar, flay, and fruits ; and the heat
of the climate is conftantly mode-
rated by cool fea-breeae», or the
■land-winds from the mountains of
the Andes. This city was founded
by Pizarro, the Spanifh general, who
conquered Peru in the year 1534, gi-
ving it the name of Cividad de Ics
Reyes, or the City of the Kings, be-
caufe he laid the foundation on that
day of the year when the Kings of
the Eaft made their prefents to otir
Saviour ; but it has changed this
name for that of the valley on which
it fiands, viz. Lima.
LiMALE, £. Ion. 4. 30. lat. 50.
45. a town of the Auftrian Nether-
lands, in the pr, of Brabant, fir. en
the river Dyle, 13 miles S. E. of
BrufTels.
Li B4 BURG n0CHy,a province of
the Auftrian Netherlands, bounded
by the D, of Juliers on the N. and
E. by Luxemburg on the S. and by
the biih. of Liege on the W. being
about 30 m. long, and 25 broad ;
confifting of good arable and pafture
land, with plenty of wood, and fome
of the bcft iron mines in the Nether-
lands.
LiMBURG, E. Ion. 6. 5, lat, 50.
37. the capital city of the D. of
Limburg, fit, on the river Vefe, 20
m. S. E, of Liege, and 18 m. S. of
Aken, or Aix la Chapelie. It is
ftrongly fituated on a rock, almeft
Inacceflible. This is fob. to the houfe
of Auflria j but the reft of the ftrong
towns, viz. Dalem, Rolduc, and
Faugueniont, or Fauconberg, are in
the poflefTion of the Dutch,
LiMERic, W. long. 8. 30. lat.
52. 35. a city of Ireland, in the co.
of Limeric, and pr. of Munfter, fit.
on the river Shannon, 52 m. N. of
Cork, and 100 m. S. W. of Dublin;
the ftrongeft fortrefs in the kingdom.
It was befiegcd by K. VVillianr. IIJ,
in the year 1690, and tho' theie vv-is
no army to relieve it, the ^arrifon
cotnoellc'd tho Kins to raife the
ficgp. The Enplifli and Dutch forces
inveftcd Tiimeric again on the 2 ill
of September, 1691, and loft abun-
dance o)f men before it ; and when
the town capitulated on the 13th of
Oitobcr following, the garrifon ob-
tained very honourable and advantiige-
cus conditionSj being permitted to re-
tire wheiever they (aw fit ; an'i ail
the Roman Catliolics in the kingdom
were tolerated in the free cxercife oi
their reii|}ion by thefc ai tides.
LlM«
L I
L I
LtMMTNOTON or lEMMIKa-
ToNjW. Jen. 1.45. Jat. 50. 45, a
borough town of Hampfhire, fir. on
a bay of the Engli/h channel, oppo-
fite to Yarmoiiti), in the ifle of
Wight, 12 m. S. W. of Southamp-
ton, fends 2 men^bffs to parliament,
LiMNKVADY, W. Ion. 7. 16, lat.
55. 5. a town of Ireland, in the CO. of
Londonderiy, and pr. of Uliter, fit.
14 m, N. E. of Loiutonderry.
Limoges, E. Ion. i. 22. lat. 45.
■52. a city of France, in the pr. of
Guienne, capital of the ter. of the
Limodn, fit. on the river Venne, 100
m. N. E. of Bourdeaux, a lar^ie po-
pulous city^ and the fee of a biili.
LiMoux, E. Ion. 2. lat. 43. 12.
a town of France, in the pr. of
Languedoc, fit. on the river Aude,
35 m. W. of Narbonne.
LiMPUKG, E. Ion. 7. 45. lat.
50. 26. a town of Germany, in the
Eleftorate of Triers, fit. on the ri-
ver Lhon, 20 m. N, of Mentz.
LiNCH, or LiNKE, E, Ion. 2. 20.
lat. 50. 51. a town of French Flan-
ders, fit. 12 m. S. W. of Dunkirk.
Lincoln, W, Ion. 27 min. lat.
53. 16. the capital city of the co. of
Lincoln, fit. on the river Witham,
115 m. N. of London, and 50 S.
of York. It was anciently one of
the greateft cities in England ; but
is not very confiderable at prefent,
tho' the diocefe is ftill the largefl in
England, From this city the noble
family of Clinton takes the title of
Earl, and it fends 2 members to par-
liament. It is a CO, of itfelf, and
has a ter. about the city fub. to it.
LlND£NF£LS,Or LiNDENFELD,
E. Ion. 8. 40. lat. 49. 37. a town of
Germany, in the pal. of the Rhine,
fit. 15 m. N. of Hcidelburg,
LiNDKOPiNG, E. Ion. 15, lat.
58. 36. a town of Sweden, fit. in
the pr. of E. Gothland, 93 m. S, W.
of Stockholm.
LiNDOw, E. Ion. 9. 40. lat, 47.
98. a city of Germany, in the cir. of
Suabia, and ter. of the Algcw, fit. on a
little ifland at the end of the lake of
Conilance, 30 m. S. £. of Qonftancet
LiKPSEV, the North divifioit ^
Linculn/hire, from whence the noble
family of Bertie take the title of
Marquis.
Lin GEN, £. Ion. 7, lat. 52. 46.
a town of Germany, in the cir. of
Weftphalia, capital of the co. of Lin-
gen, fit. on the river Ems, 45 m.
N. of Munller.
LiNLlTHGO, OrLlNLITGUO, a
town of Scotland, in the co. of Lo-
thian, capital of the ter. of Linlithgo^
fit. 16 miles W. of Edinburg, from
whence the noble family of Leving-
fion take the title of Earl.
Linton, E. Ion. 12 min, lat. 52*
10. a market town of Cambridge-
ftiire, fit. 10 m. S. E. of Cambridge.
Lints, E. Ion. 14. lat. 48. 18.
a city of Germany, in the cir. of
Auftria, capital of the Uppei" Auftria^
fit. on the river Danube, 105 m. W,
of Vienna. It is a very elegant city,
to which the A uftrian family and the
nobility ufually retire in the fummer
feafon.
Lints, E. Ion. 6. 50. lat. 50*
34. a town of Germany, in the cir,
of the Lower Rhine, and Ele£lorate
of Cologn, fit. on the river Rhine,
17 m. S. of Cologn, and fub. to that
Eledlor.
Lions, capital of the Lionois,
in France, fituate at the confluence
of the rivers Rhone and Soane, See
Lyons.
LiPARi ifiands, fit. in the Me-
diterranean, 40 miles N. of Sicily,
between 13 and 16 degrees of E< Ion.
and in 39 degrees of N. late fub. to
Naples. Thefe iflmds were called
by the ancients iSoliae and Vulca-
niag, feigned by the poets to be the
feats of Vulcan and .^olus ; two
of them, viz. Stromboli and Hiera,
being vulcanoes, whofe flames are
feen a great way at fea.
LiPPA, E, Ion. 22. lat. 46. io«
a town of the bannat of Temefwaer,
in Hungary, fit. on the river Merifh,
16 m. N, of Temefwaer, and 45 m,
E. of Segedin.
LiPPEf or LiPsTAT, E. Ion. 8«
kt. 51. 4o» a city of Germany, in
thm
L I
L I
\\e cir. of Weftphalia, capital of the
CO. of Lippe, fit. on the river Lippe,
30 m. S. of Munller,
Liq.uE, £. Ion. 2. lat. 50,42. a
town of the French Netherlands, in
the pr. of Artois, fit, 12 m. W. of
St. Omers.
Lis, a river of the Netherlands,
which rifes at Lifbuig in Artois, and
running N. E. into Flanders, pall'es
by Aire, St. Venant, Menin, and
Courtray, uniting its waters with the
Scheld at Ghent.
Lisbon, W, Ion. g, 2:;. lat. 38.
45. the capital of the kingdom of
Portugal, fit. on the N. bank ot the
river Tagus, about 10 m. from the
moutli of it, 80 m. W. of the fron-
tiers of Spain, 300 m. W. of Ma-
drid, and 850 m. S. W. of London.
It is about 6 m, long, winding with
the river from which it rifes with an
eafy afcent. It is furrounded only by
a fingle wall, on which are 77 antique
towers, of no great ftrength. There
are 26 gates on the river fide, and
17 on the land fiiie ; and it is com-
puted there are 30,000 houfes, and
200,000 inhabitants. I'he ftrceis
are narrow and ftiep, the town Hand-
ing on feven hills, which makes it
inconvenient for coachiis, and there-
fore litters an* much ufed. The
houfes of the cit'zens are very mean,
with Icttice windows ; but thole of
the nobility are eleg::ntly built with
ftone, and have large gardens be-
longing to them. There are 40 pa-
ri(h churches befides the cathedral,
and 40 convents of both fexes. There
are feveral handfome fquares j the
fiflcft of them has the king's palace
on one fide, and on another fide the
river, from wheace may be feen
large fleets of (hips at anchor, and
others perpetually going in and out
of that fpecious harbour. In this
fquare they have their bull fights j
and all people of diftindlion aflemble
to fee the combats between the ca-
valiers and the brutes, their adver-
faries. And here a Ifo the officers of
the inquifition perform thofe terrible
executions of burning and roafting
men alive, who happm to be of a
different faith from thofe of the Ro-
man church. At thefe executions,
people of diftin^ion (Ijdies as well
as gentlemen) affl'emble, and arc
taught to rejoice and huzza at the
murdering and torturing a helplefs,
innoccfnt man, as if they had gained
a viilory over their enemies. The
harbour of Lifbon will contain fe-
veral thoufand fail of fliips, which
ride in the greateft fecurity j and the
city being" viewed from the river, or
the (buthern fliore, affords a fine
profped^, the buildings rifing gradu-
ally from the river up the hills, on
which it ftands. Nor is the profpcdt
lefs entertaming if we look from the
town, where we fee a river 3 miles
over, underneath, and fhips of every .
nation of Europe almoft riding in it 5 •
and beyond, a beautiful country,
interm'xed with towns ard villages.
The fhips ride in i^' fathom water
in the harbour j but the entrance is
difficult, and can't be pafied with-
out a pilot, which is indeed the cafe
*.{ moft great rivers. Th^;e is no
port town of Europe that has a more
extenfive foreign trade, except Lon-
don and Amfterciim. fj^
Lis BURN, W. Ion, 6, 20. lat,-
54. 31. a town of Ireland, fit. on
the river L-aggan in the co. of An^
trim and pr. of Ulfter, 7 m. S. W.
of Belf-.n.
Lisitux, E. Ion. 16 min, lat,
49. 14. a large city of France, in
the pr. of Normauiiy, fit. on the ri-
ver Tonque, 38 m. S. W. of Rouen,
and 27 m, E, of Caen, the fee of a
bilhop.
L'IsLE, or RYssF.rr,, in the
French Netherlands (called the iflnnd,
from its Handing in a kind of like
formerly; hut the waters ate now
drained ufF) is fit. in E. Ion. 3. lat,
50,42. on the river Deujc, 25 m.
N, of Arras, and 12 m. W. of 'lour .
nay; a large popilous city, capital
of French Flanders, beautifully bu.lt,
and ftrongly fortified, as the Eiiglifli
and their confederates fumd vvh;>n
they took it in the year 170S. TIil'v
loll
L I
L r
foft a great many thoufand men Ve-
fure it, and it was by great good for*
tune they took it at lad after \
lisge of near three months. It was
yielded to the French again at the
peace of Utrecht, anno 1 7 13, in con-
fideration of their demolifliing Dun-
kirk. The nik manufacture, and
that of fine linen or cambric, are in
great perfe£tion here ; and their
camblets are much admired.
LissA, £. Ion. 17. latef 52. 15.
a city of Great Poland, capital of
the pal, of Pofnai fit. 50 m. W. of
KaliAi.
LissA, E. Ion. 17. lat. 4a. 50.
an ifland in the gulph of Venice, fit,
70 m. W. of Ragufa in Dalmatia,
and 35 S. W. of Spalatto,
Li TCH FIELD, W, Ion. 1. 50.
lat. 52. 48, a city of StafFordfhtre,
fit. 100 m. N. W. of London, and
12 m. S. E. ot Stafford. This city
and Coventry have one bifhop j it
fends 2 members to parliament.
Lithuania, a pr. of Poland,
is bounded by Samogitia, Livonia,
and part of Ruflii on the N, by an-
other put of Ruiiia en the E. by
Volhinia and Pulefia on the S. and
by Pruflia and Holachia on the W.
being of a circular form, pretty near
250 m. over either way, and con-
tains 8 palatirates or counties. It
is called the gieat duchy of Lithua-
nia, and may, in forne refpedts, he
look;;d upon as an independent ftate,
in alliance with Poland, being go-
verned by its own peculiar laws and
magiitrates, though united under one
iovt-reign, who is the titular head
of both nations : for they are, in
reality, both of them republics, and
each of th;m lend their reprefenta-
tives to the diet, or general afTem-
bly of the dates ; and each of tiiem
has its diftin6l provincial diet, or
afiembly of the ftates, which enaft
law» for their refpcdive (ubjedts.
LivADiA, a pr. of European
Turlcy, the ancient Achaia, is bound-
ed by Theflaly on the N. by the
Archipelago, or the Egean fea, on
the £. by the Morea, or Peloponne-
Cut, on the Si from whlcb it is fei'
parated by the gulph s of Lepant*
and Engia, and the ifihmus of Co-
rinth ; and by Epirus, or Janna, on
the W. the capital city Setines, or
Athens.
LivADiA city, E. Ion. 23. i^«
I^(* 37* 30> fituate on the North
fide of the gulph of Le panto, 20
miles Weft of the ifthmus oi Co*
rtnth.
Liverpool. See Lcverpool.
Livonia, anciently a pr, of Po-
land, fince of Sweden, now of Ruf'
fia, is bounded by the gulph of Fin-
land on the N. by Ingria and great
Novogorod on the E. by Lithuania
and Courland on the S. and by the
Baltic, or Livoniun-lea, on the W,
being ibout 160 m. long from N. to
S. and 120 broad, and is ufually fub«
divided into two parts ; that on the
N. called Eaftonia, or Eaftland ;
and that on the S. Lettenland, or
Letticia ; the chief towns whereof
are Narva, Revel, and Riga, all of
them Eood harbours. It is a country
fruitful in corn, with which it fop-
plies Sweden, Germany, and many
o her ccunrric'. And as it is ex-
tiemely well tituated for a foreij^n
trade, nnd abounds with commodious
harboMrs, it has tieen contended for
many hundred years, by the neigh-
bouring nations, and fometimes pof-
fefled by one, and fometimes by
others ; fo that the inhabitants are
a mixture of Germans, Danes, Poles,
Swedes, and Ruffians. Terrible were
the calamities which this country
fuftered in the beginning of this
century ; for, while the Ruffians
and Swedes were contending for the
dominion of it, the Czar Peter the
Gieat, doubting whether he Ihould
be able to maintain the pofl'effion of
that part of the country he had ta-
ken from the Swedes, permitted the
Calmucks and other Tartars of his
army to commit unheard-of barba-
rities. And at lencth, when the
Czar had made an entire conqueft of
the country, obferving the natives
to be more inclined to their old mi-
ftui
L L
L O
iltfrs the Swedes than to Ruflia> he
compelled the natives to abandon
their country, and drove multitudes
of them in chains as far as the con-
fines of the Cafp'an fea ; though the
Czarina Catherine prevailed on the
Czar afterwards to recall them, /he
being a native of this country , but
jnoft of them periflied before that
edidt was publirticd. The Livonians
alfo were afflifted by plague and fa-
mine, and their countiy miferably
harafied and iaid wafle before they
were driven from it^ and other Ruf-
fian nations being introduced here,
the Czarina now remains in the quiet
pofTeffion of all Livonia.
Li ZAND, a cape or promontory
of Cornwall, W. Ion. 5. 47. lat. 49.
^o. fir. 15 m. S. of Falmouth, and
10 m. S. of Helfton, from whence
fhips bound to the weilward ufually
take their departure.
Llanbeder, W. Ion. 4. 8. lat.
52. 15. a market town of WaieF, in
the CO. of Cardigan, fit. 20 m. £. of
Cardigan.
Llandilovawr, W. lon.4. lat.
51. 55. a town of S. Wales, in the
CO. of Carmarthen, fit. on the river
Towy, 10 m. E. of Carmarthen.
Llanimdover Y, W.lon. 3. 50.
lat. 52. 6. a market town of Car-
marthenfliire, in S, Wales, fit, 2Z
m. N. E, of Carmarthen,
Llanrost, W. Ion. 3. 50. lat,
53. 14. a town of Denbyfliire, in N.
Wales, fit. 14 m. S.W. of St. Afaph.
Llantrissent, W. long. 3,
26. lat. 51. 37. a town of Glamor-
gan/hire, in S. Wales, fit, 8 m. W,
of Llandaff".
Lcanvilling, W. Ion. ^. 20.
lu. 52. 45. a town of Montgomery-
fiiire, fit. 12 m. N. of Montgomery. '
Llanidlos, W. long. 3. 28.
lat, 52. 30. a market town of Mont-
gomeryfliire, 14 m. S. W.of Mont-
gomery.
Llaugharn, W. long. 4. 31,
lat. 51. 46. a town of Carmarthen-
fiiire, in S. Wales, fit, 6 m, S, W,
9i Carmarthen,
LoANno, E. Ion. 14. S. lat. r«
the cipital of all the Portuguefe fct-
tlements in Angola, in Africa, fit.
on a very fmall ifiand near the couA
of Angola.
Loango,E. Ion. ji. S. lat. 2. 30*
capital of the pr, of Loango, in Afri-
ca, wliere the Negro King refides ;
but i;; fubje£l to the Portuguefe go»
vernor, with the reft of the inhabi-
tants of that country,
LoBos, or LoBAo, W. Ion. j,
lat. 38. 48. a town of Spain, in the
pr. of Eftremadura, fit, on the river
Guadiana, 22 m. £. of Badajox.
LocARNo,or LucARNo, F. Ion.
8. 45. lat, 46. a town of jtaly, in
the D, of Milan, fit. on the W. fide
of the lake Maggiore j 12 m. W. of
Lugano, fub to Switzerland.
LocHEM, E, Ion. 6. r;5, lat, 52.
17. a town of the United Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Zutj hen, fit. on
the river Borkel, 12 m. E. of 7ut»
phen.
LocHABAR. S^e Lo<iy/. ^> R, a
county of Scotland.
LocHEs, E. Ion. .J, 5, lat, 47,
10, a town of Franc-, ic the pr. of
Oileanois, and ter, of Tourain, fit,
27 m. S. E, of Tours.
. LpCHMAEEN, W. Ion. 3. lat.
54. 50. a town of Scotland^ in the
CO, of Annandale, f % 15 m. E. of
Dumfries.
LocHTA, E. Ion, 22. lat, 65. a
port town of Sweden, in E. Bothnia,
fit. on the Bothnic gulph, 90 m. S.
of Torne,
LocRipA, E. Ion, 2T. laf. 41,
a town ''.' 'uropean Turky in the
pr, of Albania, fit, 70 m. S. E. of
Durazzo.
LoDEVE, E. Ion, 3. lat. 43. 45,
a city of France, in the pr. of Lan-
ji uedoc, fit. at tjie foot of the Ce-
V nnes mountains, 35 miles W. of
Montpellier.
LoDi, E. Jon. 10, i^. lat. 45,
22. a city of the iVdilanefe, in Italy,
fit. on the river Adda, 23 m. S. E.
of Milan.
LOBRONE, E, Ion, 10, 35, lat.
U 46.
L O
L
I; :
46. a town of Italy, in the bi/Ii, of
Trent, fit. at the N. end of the lake
Idra, 25 m. S. W. of Trent.
LoKMF.L, E. Ion. 5. 10. lat. 51.
20. a town of the Anftrian Nether-
Jands, in the pr. ol Brabant, fit. 30
m. S. of Boifleduc, and 35 m. E.
of Antwerp.
LoGRONNo, ■'V. Ion. 2, 36. lat,
42. 3S. a city of Spain, in the pr,
of Oi'd Caftile, fit. on the river Ebro,
nep.r the confines of Navarre, 55 m,
S. E. of Bilboa.
LoHN river. SeeLHON,
LoiKE, the fineft river of France,
rifes in the mountains of the Ce-
vcnnes, and running N. and N. W,
through Licnois and Orleanois, pafles
by Nevers and Orleans ; after which,
it runs due W, by Tours, Angers,
and Nants in Britany, falling into
the bay of Pifcay 40 m. below Nants,
The whole coorfe of the river com-
puted to be about 50;.' miles,
LoMBARnv kingdom compre-
hended almcrt all the N. of Italy,
viz. Pi dmont, Milan, moft of the
ter, of Venice, Mantua, Parma, Mo-
dcna, and fome other provinces. It
vas crcdcd by the Longobards, or
Lombard'', a German nation, on the
decline of the Roman empire. Their
firfl K. Alboin began his reign anno
ijSS, and was Succeeded by ai
Frinccs of his family, who remained
mailers of it near 200 years; but
Allulphus, the lift king, being at
war with the Pope, and laying fiege
to Rome, IVpin, king of France
cinic to the adiUance of his hoji-
n-fs, and laifed the fiege j and Char-
Icmain, the fon of Pepim, put an
end to the kingdom of the Lom-
bards aSout the year 760, and laid the
#bundation of a new empire, which
comprehended Germany, France,
Italy, and part of Spain.
Lv.Anr.i, £. Ion. 45 min, lat.
4-;. 30. a city of P'rance, in the pr.
of Gafcony, . . on the river Save,
ao m. S. E, of Augh, the fee of a
bifhop.
LoMMONr>, a lake of the co. of
LenoX; in ScoiIji^i which rum al-
moft the whole length of the countf,
and has fcverai iflands in it.
London, the metropolis of Great
Britain, where the firft meridian is
fixed in the prefent maps, lies in 51
deg. 30 min. N, bt. 300 m, S. of
Edinburgh, and 200 N. W. of Paris j
180 m.W. of Amflerdam, and 500
S, W, of Copenhagen j 600 N.
W. of Vienna, 1360 N. W, of
Conftantinople, 800 N, E, of Ma-
drid, 820 N. W. of Rome, 270 S,
E. of Dublin. The form of London,
including Weftminfter and South-
wark, comes pretty near an oblong
fquare, 5 m. long, if meafuied in a
d,re£t line from Hyde-paik to the
end of Lime-houfe, and 6 m. if we
follow the v\inding of the ftreets j
and the greatcft breadth is 2 m. ai.d
a half. The circumference of the
whole, 1 6 or 17 miles j but imprac-
ticable almoft to meafure it exa(flly,
on account of its irregular form.
Much the greatcrt part of the
town hes on the N, fide of the river
Thames j the body of it rihng gra-
dually (rom tlie river, and landing,
for the moft part, upon an eminence j
but the S. E. and S. W. p.itts of
the town, and that part of it which
lies en the S, fide of the river, lie
low, and, at Ipring tides, ruLjert to
floods. There are no hills in the
town, except that we afcoud from
the river, that to Holborn, and that
we afccnd to the catiicdral of St,
Paul's from the bottom of Holborn
and Fleet flrect. Thepr ncipal fircets
a»e generally level, exceedingly well
built, and extended to a very great
length. Thefe arc inhabited by tradef-
men, whofe houfcs and ihcps make
£1 much better figure than thole of any
other tiadefmcn in Europe. People of
difiin^ion utually refide in hure ele-
gant fquares, of which there are
great numbeis at the VV. end of the
town, near the court. And here
we find the royal palace, which
mnivcs no great figure, but is fit. in
a pleafant park, where we fee grent
numbers of people of the fiMl quality
walking ia Aac weather j but what
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Ccrttributes moft to the riches and the pr. of Leinncf, bounded by the
glory of this town is the port, whi- co. of Letrim and Cavan on the N,
ther feveral thoufand fhips of burden by Meath on tlie E. and S. and by
annually refort from ail countries j the co. of Rofcommon on the W,
and where the greateft fleets never Lonc-Islanu, belonaing to the
fail to meet with vveakhy merchants, pr. of New-York, in N, America,
ready to take ofF the richcft cargoes, lying between 71 and 74 degrees of
The numbers of people in the whole W. Ion. and in 41 deg. ;^o min. N.
town are computed to be about one hit. is feparated from the continent
million. In the city of London, pro- of New- York and Connedlicut by
pi^rly fo calltd, which is about 3 m. a narrow channel, and is about 100
in circumference, there are 12,000 m. in length, and 12 in breadth, coii-
boules. In the poiilhcs without the taining the 3 counties of Qucen's-
walls, but within the liberties, 36, 320. county, Suffolk-county, and Kich-
In the pariflies which lie in Middle- mond-county. Here is a fine plain
fex and Surrey, and arc a part of the in the middle of this ifland, to wh'ch
town, 46,300 houfes. And in the they have given the name of Salif*
city and liberties of Wei^minrter bury-plain j and having an excellent
a8,330 houies. And as to the num- breed of horles, have races here, to
ber of fouls in each of thefe grand which the gentlemen of New-Eng-
divifions, if we multiply the num- land and the neighbouriiiji colonics
bcr of houfes in the city of London refort, as the gentlomm of Old Eng-
by eight and a half, we fliall find lind do to Ncv.:narkoi. The pro-
tliere arc ic2,ooo. By the fame rule, duce of this ifland is chiefly provi-
thcrc will be found 708,720 in the Hon, fuch as Britifh and Indian
16 pariflies without the walls ; corn, falted beet, poik, fifh, and
393,550 in the 20 out-parifties of ftrong beer, which they fend to the
Middiefexand Surrey; and 240,805 fu^ar colon cs, and receive fugar,
in the city and lib^rlics of Well- rum, cotton, and indig) in return.
minfter. All which added tcge- Thry have alfo a whale filhriy, Iti d-
th r, make 1,045,075 people in the ing their oil and bone iu Lngiand,
\\h(.le town. Which calculation and taking cluaths and furniiure in
poll.bly rriay be fomcthing of the
larg,cft, but not mnch, London has
fcarce any w^ll about it which is vifi-
ble. Its ftrength co.TiP.b in thenum-
bfi of its M-.hMb.t nt«, vvhich arc
return. And their other fiftieriet
are very confiderable.
LoNGiNico, E. Ion. 22. lat. 37,
30. a towrwof the Moiea in Euro-
pean Tuvky, fit. on the river A!pheu8,
coinpntcd tobe (ine levcnth of all the 50 miles S. of Lepanto. This wai
people of Fngl.ind. the ancient Olympia, where Her-
LoNooNDERRv, W. l-^n. J. 40. cules iurtituted the Olympic games,
l.it. 54. 52, a city ot luK\ id, in the held every four years } fiom whence
pr. of Ullier, and co, of Londondcr- the Greeks meafurcd their time by
ry, fit. on the river Mourn near its Olympiad;, which began A. M. 3228»
mouth, 5 in. S. of the l.ike or bay Ante Ch. 776.
of Loiighfoyl", 104 m. N.^W. of Loncuev ille, E. Ion. i. 10,
Dublin, and 50 m. W. of Carick- lat. 49. ^o. a town of France in the
fergus, the capital of the pr. of Ul- pr. of Normandy, 20 miles N. of
ftcr, and co. of Londonderry j ren- Rouen.
detcd memorable by the long (w^e Longw y, E. Ion. ^. i";. lat. 49,
it ftilUincd againrt the frees of K. 38. .n tovsn (f tlie D. of L'^rrain,
James II, ai\no 16S0, when he wns lit. 10 m. S. W. of Luxemburg, fub.
m pi (llflien of .almoll all the reft of to France.
the kingdom. Lonsd.'M i, W. Ion. 2. 27. lit.
LutiCkoic, a CO, of Irclii^d, ia 54, 10. a niukci town of Weft-
W % »otcl«iud.
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wcrcland, fit, 25 miles Scuth of Ap-
pleby,
Loo, E. Ion. 5. 50. a town of
the United ProvimcF, in the pr. of
t-ucldeiland, fit. 8 m, W. of Deven-
tcr. Here the P. of Orange has a
fine palace.
Loots, or Borchloen, E. Ion.
5. 12. lar. 50. 52. a town of the bifh.
of Liege, in Germany, fit. i6 m. W.
of MacHricht.
LOQ^UABYR, or LOCFIABAR, a
CO, of Scotland, bounded by Inver-
jiefs on the N. by Badenoch and A-
thol on the E. by Lorn on the S,
and the Weftern ocean on the W.
LoRA, W. ion. 4.. 50. Jat. 37. a
town of Spain, in the pr. of Grana-
da, fit. 15 m. N. of Malaga.
LoRA, W. Ion, 5. ac. lat. 37,
ao. a town of Spain, in the pr. of
-'^.ndalufia, fit. on the river Guadal-
quivir, 28 m. N, E. of Seville.
LoRA, E, Ion. 10. 45. lat. 51.
30, a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Upper Saxrny, and co. of
Hocnfiein, fit, 50 miles N, of Saxe-
Gotha,
LoRCA, W. Ion. I, 50, lat. 37.
40, a town of Spain, in the pr. of
IViiircia, 33 m. W. of Cartagena.
Lor EDO, E. Ion. 12. 50. lat. 4^,
a town of Italy, in the Polefme de
Rovi^o, and ter. of Venice, fit. on
the river Adige, 20 m. E, of Rovigo,
LofiETTo, E. Ion. 15. lat, 43.
15. a city of Italy, in the mar. of
Ancona, in the Hope's ter. fit. 15 m.
H. (f Ancona, 3 m. W. of the gnlph
<)f Venice, and 145 E. of Rome. It
is a fmall fortified town, confiding
of one firect within the gate, and
another without, but the richcfi in
the world ; for, according to cathol c
tradition, the chamber of the BIclled
Vni'ln (m which (he ^^ as born, find
was (alutrJ by the Angci, and biought
up her Ion JeCui till he was 1?, years
of age) was brought by Angels into
Ualmui.!, on the V.\([ fide of the
jjuljh of Venice, in the year 129 1,
• r ihcrcabi uts, but the people <.f
t4nt country not exprriling a dtie
>#ncration for it, it was llucc or four
years afterwards, tranfported over (he
gulph, into Italy, and at length fixed
at Lorctto, and a magnificent church,
the prefent cathedral, built over it,
in the mi''dlc ■.•^- hereof it r.ow remains,
under the cupola. They alfo erefted
four walls of white Parian marble to
furround the holy chamber, half a
foot diltant from it. The chamber
is 40 feet long, 20 broad, and 20 in
height, without any roof or covering.
In it is an image of the Blefied Vir-
gin with a little Jcfus in her arms,
and a triple crown on her head, her
whole pcrfon covered almoft with
diamonds and pearls, and round the
ftatueisa kind of rainbow of precious
fione5, of various colours, all the
ornaments, altars, and utenfils in the
place, being incxprefiibly rich. The
gallery, in which the treafures are
lodged, is filled with gold, jewels,
vefl'els and ornaments more precious
than gold ; the votive donations of
Emperors, Kings, Popes, and Princes,
for many hundred years part; filver
woiks are not thought worthy to be
admitted here. To this holy houfc
fume yeais there have refcrtfd
500,000 pilgrim?, between Eailcr
.nndWhitfiiiitide, and during the fpace
of two dayr in Septembtr, when they
celebrate the feaO of the Virgin's
nativity, not Id's than 200,000 have
been here, and none of thi-fe come
empty handed, but contribute fomc •
thing to increafe the treafuic. Pope
Sixtus V. firft made Lorr it) a city
and bifiiopiic, and it is eflcemed the
mort facred phice under heaven, by
all good Catholics,
Lorn, the N. part of Arpyle/hire,
in Scotland, boi.aded by Lochnh;ir
on the N. by Broda'bin on the E. by
the rcfi of Aipylcfii're on the S. ar.d
by the Tea on the W.
Lor RAIN nucMY, which once
made part cf the cir. of the Upper
Rhine in (n;rm.'.ny, is bounded by the
I), (it" Luxemburg on the N. byAlfatia,
the I), of IXuxports, and the pal. of
the Rhine on the E. by the cv)unty
of Ci. I gundy or French (^omte on
the b, and by Chami^i^n, a pr. ,>f
France,
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France, on the W. being of a found
t'urm almoil, anJ upwards of ico
m. over either way. The E. and
S parts of.it are mountainous j the
mountains of Va-ige feparating it
from Alface and Burgundy ; and on
the N. W. are Come, uncultivated fo-
reft?. The red of the country has
a fruitful foil, producing plenty of
corn, wine, and excellent pafture.
In their hills are mines of filver,
copper, lead and iron j and their
fait fprings are fo numerous, that
they yielded the Duke 200,000 1.
per ann. The chief rivers are the
Maes, the Mifelle, and the Sarre,
which rile in the S. of Lorrain, and
run N. through thie country. It is
fub-divided into three parts, viz. i,
Lorrnin I'loper. z. The D. of Bir,
or Bar-le-duc. And, 3. French Lor-
rain, confiding of the biffioprics of
Mets, Toul, and Verdun ; the laft of
which was confirmed to France by the
treaty of Munftcr, anno 1648. The
reft of Lorrain which the French had
poflcfTed thcmfclvcs of, was reflorcd
to the Dulce, and confirmed to him
by the Pyrenean treaty, anno 1660 ;
but the French refervcd a liberty of
gnrrifoning fome towns, and march-
ing through Lorrain into Alface when
they pleafcd. And in the year 1670,
Lewis XIV. fcized on all Lorrain
again, and kept it till the peace of
Ryfwic, anno 1698, when it was rc-
ftored to the Duke except a few fmall
town«. And it was agreed, that the
fortifications of Nancy, the capital
ciry of Lorrain, fliould be deniolifhcd.
The French King making himfclf
irafter of Lorrain again, in the war
vith the confederate?, anno 1702,
was obliged to rcftore it to tiie Dvikc
again by the treaty of Utrecht, or
rather Rnftat, anno 17 14. In the
laft war between France and the Km-
jieror Charles VI. which ended in a
peace concluJcfi in the year 1731;,
one of the articles wai, that tlu D.
of Lorrain fhould yield his country to
France ; at Icaft that K. Stinillaus,
father of the Q^ of f ujkc, 'hyuUt
have the dominion of Lorrain, with
the title of Duke during his life j and
that after his deceafe, Lorrain fliou.'d
be united to the crown of France j
and that the Duke of Lorrain. in coa-
fideration thereof, fhould be con-
dituted Grand Duke of 'Ivi cany, in
I'aly, after the death of the then
reigning Grand Duke ; which hap*
pening anno 1737, the D. of Lorrain
took polleflion of Tufcany, and yet
remains fovercign of it, and is fince
elefted Emperor.
Lothian, a co. of Scotland,
bounded by the Frith of Forth ( n
the N, by the German fea en the E.
by Clydefdalc, Twedale, and Mcrs,
on the S. and by Sterling on the W.
the capital city of this (hire, and of
the kingdom, is Edinburgh.
Lo u D A N, E, Ion. 1 5 min. lat. 47.
a town of France, in the pr. of Or-
leanois, and ter, of Poidou, fit, 25
m. N. of I'oidliers.
LOVENDEGEN, E. IcfJ. 3. 30.
Jat, 51, 20. a fortrcfs in the Auftrian
Netherlands, in the pr. of Flanders,
fitt on the canal between Ghent and
Bruges, 5 m. W. of Gl.cnt.
Loughborough, W. Ion, 1.12.
lat. 52. 58. a market town in Lei-
cefterHiire, fit 10 m. N.of Leiccfler.
LouisBouRC. See Liwis«
BURG.
Louisiana, or New Francf ,
a country of N. America, to which
the French have given thefe names,
bounding it with the river and l.ike
cf lllenois, on the N. Carolina cr»
the E, the gulph of Mexico on the
S. of which they have planted but
a very fmall part, and indeed the W,
part of this country belongs to tht
Spaniards, and the E. to the Eng'ifh,
who by their patents from the crowa
arc impowcred to extend their plan-
tations of Carolina, Virginia, and
I'cnfilvanin, as far to ihe weflward
as they fee fit ; but they will be re-
trained withm very m.row l/nundp,
if the French arc | ermittcO tn phrr
all this cotinrty cf Louifiana, whiih
lies W. of the EngUfh colonies.
V % LowiTi,
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i
LoojTs, E. Ittn. 19. lat. 52. 25*
a town of Grciit Poland, in ihe ja),
of Rava, fir. 65 m. E. of Gnefna.
LOUREBRANDER, £. lon. 67.
lat. 25. a port town of the Hither
India, in Afia, at the mouth- of
the river Indus, fit, 40 miles S. of
Tatta.
Louth, a co. of Ireland, in the
pr. of Lcinfter, bounded by Monag.
han and Armagh, on the N. by the
Irifli channel on the E, by E. Meath
on the S. and Cavan on the W. The
chief towns Dioghcda, Dundaik, and
Carlingford.
Leui K, E. lon. iimin. lat. 53,
25. a market town of Lincolnfliire,
fit. 24 m. N. E. of Lincoln.
Lou VAIN, E. Ion. 4. 35. lat.
51. a city ol the Auftrian Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Brabant, fit. on
the river Dyle, 15 m. N, E. of Bruf-
fels, and 12 m. S. E. cf Mechlin.
The walls of this town are between
6 and 7 m. in circumference, but of
710 great ftrength, it being genr.nlly
forced to fubmit to the army that is
roadec of the field, without waiting
to be beficgcd. It has been very
confidcrable for its manufactures,
and has ftiil a good trade in fine lin-
Tien. Its univerfity is eflccmcd the
mod confiderable in the Netherlands,
having in it 43 colleges with ample
privileges.
LouvisTtiN, E. Ion. 5. lat. 51.
45. a fortrefs of the United Pro-
vinces, fit. in the pr. of Holland, a\
the confluence of the rivers Waal
and Maes, 16 m. E. of Dort.
Louvo, E. lon. 101. lat. 15. a
city of Siam, in the Further Indi.i,
in Afia, fit. 70 m. N. of the city
of Siam.
LouvKR, a magnificent palace of
the French King's in Paris, now
running to ruin, the court having
not refidcd thcic many years.
LoxA, W. lon. 77. S. lat. 5. a
city of Peru, in America, fit. 2co
in. E. of Payta.
LoYA, W. lon. 4. 6. lat. 57, 20.
» town of Spain, in the pr, vf GrAna-
da, fit. on the river Xenil, 25 m#
W. of Granuda.
LuBAN, E. lon. 27. -jO. lat. 56,
45, a town of Livcnin, fit. 70 m»
E. of Riga ; fub. to Ruflia.
LuBANSKER fen, a lake in the
S. of Livonia, near the confines uf
Pol.ird.
LuBEC, E. Icn. 10.35. ^^^' 54*
20. a city and pert town of Ger-
many, in the cir. of Lower Saxuny,
and D. of Holftein, fit. on the river
Trave, 10 m. S.W. of the Baltic fea,
40 m. N, E. of Hambnrgh, and 36
W. of Wilmar. It was the chief of
the Hans-towns, and is a ricli popu-
lous city, pleafantly fit. and elegantly
built, in which are 20 p:)r')chial
churches, befides the cathedral. It
is an imperial city, or fovereign Aate,
governed by its own magiftrates.
The bifhopric, or rather the lands of
the bifhopric, has been enjoyed by
Proteflant Princes, ever fincc the year
1 56 1, when the Lutheran rtligion
was cftablii'hed here ; and devolves
as an appendage, or inheritance, on
a younger fon of the Duke of Hoi-
ftein Gottorp, who is ftilei Duke
of Holfiein-Eutin, from the place
where he ufually refides, 4 miles
from this city. The prefent bifliop
is King of Sweden. The form of
their government is arifl^ocratical,
n)ne liaving any fhare in it but
tlie nobility and perfons of fortunr,
and their territories, which lie aboi;t
the city, are about fixty miles.
in circu ntcrcnce, containing feveral
towns and village?. Duiitig the
flourifliing ftate of the Hins-towrs
the friendship of this city, tlR.t
capital, was much courted by the
powers of Europe, fur they were ahJc
to fit out 200 fhips of w.ir, ai;d
could turn the fcale to which fice
they pleated, ia the v\ars betuern
the northern Princes and State?.
'J'hey have (liil a great foreign trade,
but fliips vf buithtn come up 1.0
higher than the town of Tr.ivcmund,
which I1C8 at the mouth of the rivn
Tuve, ,. -
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LuDEK, E. Ion. 14. 25. lat. 52.
a town oJ' Germany, in the cir. of
UpptT Saxony, and mar. of Lufatia,
fit. on the river Sptee, 37 m. S. of
Berlin i fub. to die K. of Poland,
as Licctor of Saxony,
LuitEN, r.. Ion. 16. 20. lat. 5r.
24. a town of Bohcmii, in the pr.
ot Silcfia, lU. 2i m. N. W. of Biei-
law, fcized by the K. of I'rufiia.
Lublin, £. Ion. 22. 15. lat.
51. 30. a city of Poland, in the pr.
cf Little Pcjland, capital of the pa!.
of Lublin, fir, iiom. N. E.of Cra.
cow. It is a trading town, much
reforlcd to by foreign merchants j
and two great courts of juflice, for
the whole K. of Poland, are annu-
ally held hcie.
LuBow, E. Ion. 20. 30. Jat. 40.
30. a town of Poland, iu the pr. of
Little Poland, and pal. of Cracow,
fit. 50 m. S. E. of Crncow.
Luc, E. Ion. 6. 15. lat. 43. 23.
a town of France, in the pr. of Pro-
veni-c, fit. 23 m, N. E. of Toulon.
Luc, E. Ion. 5.25. lat. 44. 40,
a town of France, in the pr. of
Daiiphine, fit. on the river Drome,
32 m. S. of Gicnobic.
LucAR (St.) W, Ion. 6. 38. lat.
36. ^2. a (ort town cf Spain, in
tlic pr. of Anilalufui, fir, at ilie
mouth of the nvcr Gu.idalquivcr, 45
m. S. \V. i>f Seville, and 24 m. N.
of Cadiz, 'i'liis is the poit town to
Scvillf, frcat ftiips not going higher
up the tiver, and v.as the gicttft
p«)rt in Spain, before the gallcms
unloaded thiir trcalure at the pctt
of Cadi?.
LucAR (St.) W. Ion. 8, 12. lat.
37. 20. a town t)f Spain, in llic pr.
of Anila'ufia, fit. on the W. fide of
the river Gua»iiana, near the fion-
tiers of P>^rtugal, t^o m. N. E. of
Faro.
LucAR (St.)W. Ion, 6.30. l\f.
37. i^. a town of Spam, in the pr.
of And.ilufia, fir. on the livrr Cua-
diamcr, 1 5 m, W. df Seville.
LucARNo, £, Ion. 8. 40. Inr.
45. 45. lit. on the lake Ma|ior, n
m. W. cf Lngano, in the D. of M/w
lan, but fub. to Switzerland.
L u c A Y A, See Bahama
ISLANDS.
Lucca, E. Ion. 11.20. lat. 43,
45. a city of It.ily, capital of the re-
public of Lucca, iir. vn the middle
of a fruitful plain, about 15 mi es
wide, near tke river Serchia, 10 m,
N. of Pifa, asd 13 E. of tJieTufcan
fca ; it is abcut 3 m. in ciici>mfercnce,
furrf-unded by a wall .ind other mo-
dern ton ificaticns, and the town as
elegantly built as other kalian cities.
This republic has been eflabiilhed
about 3CO years. The legifiative
authority is lodged in a fenate of
200 ncblemen, or other merchants
and tradefmen, of ample fortunes^
'1 he executive power is adminifter-
ed by the Gonfalionicr, or Standatd-
Bt'arer, the chief officer of the llate,
and a council of nine members, who
aie changed every two months.
All ele<ilions of otiicers are made by
balloting in the fenate, from whence
it appears, that this fiate is an
arifto;racy. The ordin-ry revenues
cf the ifate amount to 30,000!. per
annum, and they can raife and pay
lo,oco men on any exigency ; but
tiicir greateft fccurity was in the pro-
tection they received from the houfe
cf Auftrla ) when they were infultcd
by the French and Spaniards for ad-
hering to that lunife, in the l.ire
wars in Italy. They oblge all
travellers to leave their arms at the
gate, and will not fufler any one to
weai a fwor I in the city, it is the
fee of a birtiop, immediately fubjciit
V) the l*ope, and he officiates in the
robes of ^n arihbifhop. By tlic di-
liginte of the natives it has acquired
the i\anie of Lucca the Indu(frious.
They haveconfjderable manufadtuies
of lulc, and gold and filver fiuffs.
Their olive oil is in great eflcem,
and they have p'enty of wine, but
little lotn. 'Ihe comnjon (copJe
ufuilly eat chcfnuis mdead of bread,
as they do in other parts of Italy.
Tbcir ter. is about 25 m. long, and
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10 broad, bounded by Modena *^n
the N. Tufcany on the E. and S.
and the Tufcan Tea and the ter. cf
Geaoa on the W.
LucERA, £. Ion. i6. 6. lat.41.
20. a town of Italy, in the K. of
Naples* and ter. of the Capitanate,
fit* 65 m. N. E. of Naples.
LucERN, £. Ion. 8. 12. lat. 47.
capital of the can. of Lucern, in
Switzerland, fit. on the lake Luccrn,
to which it gives its name, 20 m.
S. W. of Zurich, and 40 miies £.
of Bern* It is an elegant foitified
town, and (^ands in a plain, almod
cncompaded with mountains.
LucERN CANTON, IS bounded
by Soleure on the N. by Zurich,
Zug, and Underwald on the £. and
by the can. of Bern on the S. and
W. being about 50 m, long, and 30
broad. Its fubje^ls Papifts.
LucERNA, £. Ion. 7. 20. lat.
44. 40. a town of Italy, in the ter-
ritory of Piedmont, fit. 15 miles S.
of Turin J fubjedt to the King of
Sardinia.
LucHEN, W. Inn. 30 min. lat.
39. a town of Spain, in the pr. of
Valencia, 30 miles S. of Valencia
city.
Lucia i8Lani>, W. Ion. 6i.
lat. 13. 30, one of the Caribbce
iflands, in America, fit. 70 m. N.
W. of Barbadoesk, and 21 S. of Mar-
tinico, being 22 m. long, and 11
broad, fome part of it hilly, but the
greateft part of it a rich foil, well
watered with rivulets, and furniflitd
with timber, and hath fevcral good
bays and commodious harbours. To
this ifland the Englifh of Barbadoes
have conftantly reforted to cut tim-
ber, and furniih themfelves with other
reccfraiics they wantf d ; and the
EngliOi looking upnn themfelves as
proprietors of it, the crown of Great-
Britain have conlUntly incluJed it
in the commiflion of the CJoveinor
of Barbadoes j and in the year 1722,
the late K, Gcor^rc made a grant of
it to the D. of Mont-igu?, to plant
it, and icnd colonies thither, who
thereupon fent feveral fiiips, provided
to make a fettlement there, undei*
the convoy of one cf the King's men
of war ; but the French rair»;d a
fuperior force in the idand of Marti-
nico, invaded the ifland of St. Lwcia,
and drove the Englifh planters from
thence, who were thereby ruined^
and the D. of Montague loil all the
expence he had been at in this ex-
pedition, amounting to 40,000 J. at
leaft. However the court of England
did not think fit to refent the injury,
or indeed take any notice of it, tho*
this ifland, 'tis acknowledged on all
hands, would have been of jrent
advantage to England J if it had been
planted and fortified, no armament
could have been carried on by the
French at Martinico, againft Barba-
does, or any of the EnglifliCaribbee
iflands, but muft have been known
immediately at St. Lucia, and time
given them to prepare for their de-
fence, or a diverfion made by the
iflands of Barbadoes and St. Lucia in
their favour. The French, fince
the peace of Aix, have planted and
fortified this iflind.
Lucia (St.) W. Ion. 25. lat. 16,
30. one of the Cape Verde iflands
in Africa, fit, 400 miles N, W. of
Cape Verd.
Lucignano, E. Ion, 12. 35.
lat. 43. lo. a town of Italy, in the
D. of Tufcany, fit. 10 miles S. of
Sienna.
LucoN, W. Ion. I. 6, lat. 46.
25. a town of France, in the ter. of
Paiftou, fit. 15 m. N. of Rochelle.
The fee of a bifliop.
LucoNiA, or Mantua, the
chief of the Philippme Iflands, in
Afia, fit. in the Pacific Ocean, be-
tween 117 and 123 degrees of E. Ion,
and between u and 19 degrees of
N. lat. 100 m. S. E. of China, and
160 m. S. of Formofa, being 400 m.
i\nd upwards, in length, but of an
un'^qual breadth, in feme places 2CO
m. and in others net 100 broad.
The country is not lo hot at might
be expelled in this climate, bcn.g
weli
L U
L U
veil watered by large hkes and ri-
vers, and the periodical rain$, which
lay all the plains iinder water. There
are feveral viijcanoes in their moun-
tains, which occafion earthquakes,
and variety of hot baths. The in-
habitants of the ifland are a mix-
ture of Chtnefe, Malays, and Blacks,
the laft inhabiting the mountains
and inland place?, and fuppofed to
be the original inhabitants. Befides
thcfe, there are great numbers of
Spaniards, Portujaicfe, and Mertees,
and a minfltd breed, bcii!g compound-
ed of all thefe. But the Blacks of
thefe illands have long hair, and good
features, and do not at all refcmble
the Negroes of Africa ; and tliere is
one clafs of tiie inhabitants, that Ij
little admire their native complexion,
that they paint their rtcins ; from
wiience they have obtained the name
of I'Jntadoes, or Pidls, Lucc^nia, or
Manilla, lies io happi'y between the
rich Kingdoms of the E. and W.
that it has been efttemcd the beft
fuu.ition in the world for a foreign
trafHc. For thilhcr filver is brought
from New Spain, or Mexico and
Tcru, diamonds from Golconia, and
formeily fine Ipicc'? i\vm the Spice
illr;nds in their nei£,lil>ourhood, v\I)ich
tlia Djtth mom pol;?e at pi'Mcnt,
li!ics, tfA, J.ipan and C'hma w. re,
unci gold-dull finm China and Jd-
jvin, and two large (liips iail anntialiy
to Acapuiro, in Mexico, returning
I'ji.ded whh filv r, by which they
n,;'.ke 4C0 per cent, profit. And no
fail in the world produces greater
pltnty of all things necetiliry for
iocd, as appears by the multitude
of inhabitants that fubfill in the
mountains, on what the earth pro-
duces fp(>nt<ineoully, or what they
take in hunting j and in the fands
cf their rivulets they mert with plen-
ty of gold duf}. '1 he fruits of Ame-
nta, particularly the cacao, or cho-
C')latc-ni)t, thrive as well here, as in
their native foil. The Spaniards have
tlie dominion of I.uconia, and almufl
sll Che icU uf the I'hilippine illands j
and their Viceroy afts as aibltranly
here, as in any of their feitlements,
being at fo great a dillance from
Spain, and it is one of the mnd pro-
fitable ports belonging to the Spanilh
monarchy. The ectlefuftical go-
vernment is lodged in the archb. of
Manilla, who has a great many fuf-
frngans under him j and the officera
of the inquifjtion cxercife their au-
thority here, as in other Fopifh
countries, only they fuffrr the na-
tive?, tlicChinefe, and Mahometans,
to profefs their refpeiflive religions.
It was near this illand of Lucnniaj
that Mr. Anion tot k the rich Aca-
pulco Hiip, the treafurc whereof he
brought to England, anno 1744.
Ludlow, W. Ion. 2. 45. lat.
52. 28. a borough town of Shrop-
ihiio, f . on the river Corve, iS m»
S. of Slnewfbury j fends two mem-
bers to parliament.
Lug, a rivvr of Wales, which
rifes in Radnor/hie, and running S.
thro' Htrefordlhire, pafTes by Mon-
mouth, and falls into the Severn a(
Chepftow.
Lugano, E. Ion. 9. lat. 46. a
town of L_^ly, in the D. of Milan,
fii". on the lake Lugano, 20 m. N.
W. of Como, fub. to Switzuland,
and now dcrmc^ a p.iit rf that coun-
try, havinj; been ceded to that re-
public.
LufJGF.R SH AM. , W. lon. I ■.'J J.
lat. 51. 20. a brtough tovvn ol Wilt-
/Ijiif, fit. 10 m. N. of Sali/burj j
fends two menilers to pailinmcnt,
Lu(-o, W, lon. 7. 50. lat. 4?. ^,
a city of Spain, in the pr. of Gal cia j
fit. on the river Minho, 60 m. E.
of CompoOella. The fee of a bifli.
Lut.A, E. lon. 21. lat. 64.30.
a town of Swedilh Lapl. nd, fit. r.t
the mouth of the rivor Lvila, on the
W. fide of the Bothnic gulph, 4a
m, S. W. of Torn e.
Lu I. A-LAPM ARK, .'< pr. of Swe-
den, is bounded by that of Torne rrt
the N. the B ihnie [;ulph 011 the E.
Pithia-lapmaik un the S. and Nor-
way on :hc W, .
M
L U
L U
LAUMKLIA,0rtheLAt7MCLLIK,
the S. W. divifiun of the Milanefo,
in Italy, fit. 40 m, S.W. of Milan,
ceded to the D. of Savoy (now K. of
Sardinia) at the treaty of Utrecht,
anno I7i3i together with the ter.
of the Laumellin.
Laumkllo, E.lon.8. 50. lat.45,
x<;. a town of Italy, in the D. of
Mlaii, capital of Laumelia.
Lund, or Lunhen, E. Ion. 14.
lat. 55. 32. a city of Swiideii, in the
pr. of S. Gothland, capital of the
ter. of Schonen, fit. 30 m. E, of
Copenhagen.
LuNDEN, E. Ion. 8. 45. ht. 54.
45. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Lower Saxony, and D. of Holftein,
fit, on the river Eyder, 32 m. N.
of Gluckftat, fub. to the D. of Hol-
ilein.
LuNDY Isle, W. Ion. 4. 50. lat.
51. 25. a little iHand in the mouth
of Briflol channel, in the midway
between Devonihire and Penihrokc-
fliire in Wales.
LuNEL, E. Ion. 4. 6. lat. 43. 40.
a town of France, in the pr, of Lan-
gued(K, fit. 16 m. E. of Montpeher.
LuNENBUR G Duchy, a pr. of
Germany, in the cir. of Lower Sax-
ony, including Zell, is bountled by
the river Elbe, which fcparates it
from Holftein and Lavvenburg tn the
N. by the mar. of Drandcnburg on
the E. by the D. of Brunfwic on the
S. and by the D. of Bremen and
Wcftphilia on tlie W. be.ng 100 m.
lung, and 70 broad j part of it a
barren f.indy def.irr, another part of
it covered with woods and forefts j
but it has /ome fruitful lands near
the banks of their rivers : however,
it is generally a cold, uncomfortable
country j and the people eflcemed
the greatefl churls in Germany j
but as it abounds in wild hogs,
deer, and other venifon, the German
nobility frequently tefott thiiher to
hunt in the Jcafon. The duchies of
L'jncnburg and Zell, on the death
of George- William, the laft Duke,
Anno i;o5> devolved on the £l(;do-
refs of Hanover, his only daughter-
and heirefs, and are now defcended to
his prefent majefty King George II.
as heir of the fad Princefs, and the
late King George, Eledor of Hano-
ver, confort to that Princefs,
Lunenburg, E. Ion. 10. 20,
lat. 53. 35. capital of the D. of Lu-
nenburg, lit. on the river Ilmenow,
45 m. N. of Zell, and 30 m. S.E.
of Hamburg. The figure of the
town is an oblong, and the circum-
ference about 2 m. the ftrccts broad,
and tolerably well bu.lt. At the
falt-fprings, near this city, great
quantities of fait are made, which is
the principal employment of the in-
habitants, and brings a good revenue
to the fovereign.
LUNEVILLE, E. 1 6. 26. lat.
48. 36. a town of Lorrain, fit. 17 m,
S.E. of Nancy, lately ceded to France
with the Duchy.
Lure, E. Ion. 6, 22. lat. 47. 46*
a town of France, in the pr. of
Champaign, fit. on the river Long-
non, 35 m. N. E. of Befanjcn.
LusATiA was once a part of
Bohemia, but is at prefent fubje£l
to the Eled^or of Saxony, Kin^j of
Poland.
LuEiGNAN, unJer the meridian
of London, lat, 46, 50. a town of
France, in the pr. of Urleanois, and
D. of Poiclou, fir. 15 m, S.W. of
Poiftiers.
Lusi lANiA, the ancient name
of I'ortuj^al.
LussoN. See LucoN.
Lusuc, orLucKo, E. Ion. 25.
lat. 51. 5. a cty of Poland, in the
pr. of the Up' er Volhinia, capital
of the pal. of Luc ;o, fie. on the ri-
ver Stur, liJo m. S.E. of Warfaw.
The fee of a bifli.
LuTKNnuRG, E, Ion. 16. 30.
lat, 47. 6. a town of Germany, in
the cir, of Auftria, and D. oi Stiria,
fi". on the river Mucr, 40 m. S. E.
of Gratz.
Luton, W. Ion. 25 m'm. lat,
51. 50, a market town of Bedlord-
(hire, lit, 14. m. S. of Bedford.
LUTTXI,
hV
L Y
tnt name
Ltjtter, E. Ion. 10. 7. lat. 52.
a town of Germany, in the cir. of
Lower Saxony, and bilh. of Hilde-
ihicm, fit. 15 m. S. of Hlldefhiem.
Lutterworth, W. Ion. i. 7.
lat. 52. 26. a n^arket town of Lei-
cefterlhire, fit. 12 in. S. of Leiceiier,
of which pari/h the celebrated Dr.
John Wicklift', the firft reformer,
was leclor, as well as profellbr of
divinity in the univ. of Oxford. He
died in the year 1385 j but was dug
up, and burnt for an heretic, 40 years
alter, in the reign of lienry IV.
LuTZKii. STEIN, E. Ion. 7. 22.
lat. 48. 55, a town of Germany, in
the Ian. of Alfatia, 17 m. N. of
Stiafburg.
Lu Tz EN, E. !on. 12. 30. lat. 51.
22. atov\n of Germany, in the cir.
of Upper Saxony, fit. 8 m. W„ of
LcipUc, and 8 S. E. of Merfperg.
Here the Swedes obtained a Viftory
over the Germans, anno 1632 j but
\oi\ their K.inj:, the heroic Gultavus
Adolphus, who was killed in the
field of battle.
Luxemburg, a pr, of the Au-
ftrian Netherlands, bounded by the
birti. of Liege, and D. of Limburg on
the N. by the river Mofelle, which
divides it from the archb. of Tries,
on the E. by the D. of Lorrain on the
S. and by the river Maes, which fe-
p.uates it from the counties of Cham-
paign, Hainault, and Namur, on the
W. being about 70 m. long, and 60
broad. The N. part ot it has a
fruitful foil J but the S. is incum-
bered with mounums, and the fo-
left of Ardenne ; and in theijr
mountains are fome iron mines.
The ftates, whofe concurrence is
necedary to the making laws and
railing money, confill of the pre-
lates, nobility, gentry, and rej-rc-
Iciitatives of the towns, which are
ailembled annually by the governor
ot the Aiiftrian Netherlands at Bruf-
fcls, 'I'he French were poUeHed of
this pr. many years ; bu": were com-
pelled to re (lore it to the houle of
Audria, at the peace oi Uuecht,
anno 1713, except the city of Monk*
medy, and a little of the fouthern
territory.
Luxemburg, E. Ion. 6. 8. Jat,
49. 45. the capital of the D. of
Luxemburg, is fit. 20 m. S. W. of
Triers, aud 100 m. S. E. of BruflTcls,
on the river Elfe, or Aliat. It is a
fmall, but flrong, fortrefs, much im-
proved in the fortifications while it
was in the hands of the French. .
Lu YCK. Sec Liege, '
LuzzARA, E. icn. If. 10. lat,
415. a town of Italy, in the D, of
Mintua, fit. 12 m. S. of Mantua,
fub. to the houle of Auftria. Here
an obfiinate battle was fought be-
tween the Germ ms on one fide, and
the French and Spaniards on the
other, on the 4th of Auguf^, 1702,
wherein fevcral thoufand men were
killed, and both fiJc:s claimed the
vidory.
Lybia, was a name anciently
given to all the coaft of Barbary by
f')me J but the proper Lybia was
that pait of Africa which lies W. of
the K. of Egypt.
LvcAONiA, the ancient name of
a pr. in the Lcller Afia, of which
Iconium, now Cogni, is the capital,
LyCH AM, or L I T C H A M, E.
Ion. 55 min. lat. 5%. 45. a maikct
town of Norfolk, fit'. 18 m. VV, of
Norwich.
Lycia, the ancient name of a
pr. in the LclFcr Afi^i, fit. on the
MediterrariCan, between Caria and
Famphilid.
Lyiua, the ancient name of a
pr. in the Leller Afi.>, N. of Caria,
in which was the city of Philauei-
phii.
Lyesse, E. Ion. 4. lat, 50. 14.
a town of th» Fiench Ncrht^rlands
in HiinaMit, lit. 21 m. S. of Mons,
and 15 m. E. of L.mdrecy.
Lyme, E. Ion. 3. 5. lat, 50. 44,
a borough and port town of Dorlet-
Hiirc, fit. on the E. channel, 18 m.
W. oi DorcheHer j fends two mem-
bt'rs to parliiiment. Here the D, of
M';nmoulh landed with no more
th<m
M A
M A
than 100 followers, in the year
J685 i but, being joined by 5 or
6000 of the country people, caufed
himfelf to be proclaimed K. and
attacked K. James's army at Sedg-
more, near Bridgewater, in Somer-
fetfhire, where he was defeated,
and afterwards made prifoner and
beheaded.
LvNN Rkcis, E. Ion. 33 min.
lat. 5a. 46. a port town of Norfolk,
fit. at the mourh of the river Oufe,
on a bay of the German fea, 32 m.
W. of Norwich j fends two members
to parliament.
Ly o n o I s, a pr. of France, bound-
ed by Orleanois and IJurgundy on
the Sf. by la Breire and Dauphine on
the E. by Languedoc and part of
Giiienne on the S. and by another
part of Guienne and Orleanois on
the W.
Lyons Lugdunum, E. Ion. 4,
55. lat. 45. 50. the capital of the
Lyonois, fit. at the confluence of the
rivers Rhone and Soane, 225 m. S.
E. of F.iris, and 45 m. W. of Cham-
berry in Savoy. Lyons confills of 11
pariflics, and contains about 90,000
I'ouls. Next to Paris, it is edeemed
a place of the greatcii trad*.* in the
kingdom, being ailvantagcoully fitu-
ated on the rivers Rhone and Soane,
and in the neighbourhood of Swit-
zerland, Italy, and Germany ; tho'
fome are ot opinion, that Rouen has
a more exti nfjve foreign trade. It
is a town of great antiquity, havir.g
been the feat of the Roman govern-
tnent in Gaul j and here are ftill vi-
iible ruins of fome Roman palaces.
MA
MACAO, E. Ion. 113. lat,
23. an ifland of China, in
Alia, in the pr. of Canton, fit. at
the mouth of the river Ta, 50 m.
South cf Canton. Tlie Portuguefe
tupk foilciliou pf this iiland, and
left a colony here, when they firfl
vifited this coaft ; and they have ftili
a large town at Macao, but are obli-
ged to fubmit to the Chincfe, tho*
the Emperor cf China permits them
to be governed by their own laws
and magiftrates.
Macassar, a large ifland, which
lies E. of Borneo, in the E. Indies,
See Celebes.
Macclesfield, W. Ion, 2. lo,
lat. 53. 15. a market town of Che-
fhire, fit. 35 m. E. of Chefter, from
whence the noble family of Parker
take the title of Earl,
Macedonia, a pr. of European
Turky, is bounded by Servia and
Romania on the N. and E. by the
gulphs of Salonichi contefla, and
Thelfaly, on the S. and by Albania
and Epirus on the W.
Macerata, E. Ion. 15. lat. 43,
15. a city of It^aly, in ti;e mar. of
Ancona, in the Pope's territories,
fit. 14 m. S. W. of Loretto,
Machian, E. Ion. 125. (being
under the equator) a fmall i(;.->nd of
the M.>luccas, fit. 40 m. S. of the
town of Gilolo, and 200 m. N.
of Amboyna. It produces the beft
cloves J but the Dutch have ufurped
t)}c dominion of this and the reft
of the Clove- illands which lie near
it, and have threfc forts here, built
upon inaccellible rocks, to defend
their podellion,
Machinleth, W. Ion. 3, 55,
lat. 52. 34. a market town of Mont-
gomeryshire, in N. Wales, fit. a8 m,
W. of Montgomery.
Mackeran, or Mackan, a
pr. of Perfja, bounded by the pr. of
Sigiflan on the N. the pr. of Tata
in India on the E. the Indian ocean
on the S. and the pr. of Kherman
on the W.
Mackeran, E. Ion. 66. lat, 26,
capital of the pr. of Mackeran, fit,
100 m, N. W. of Tata.
Macro, or Macronissa, an
ifland of the Archipelago, near the
coai> of Achaia; fit. 20 m. E, of
Athens*
Madao
M A
M A
A
Madagascar, or St. Lav- formed a petty ftate in thit iHanc^f
t ENCK, is an ifland of Africa, fit* having 6 or 7 fail of (hips with ilicm,
bstween43 and 51 degrees of £. Ion. on the N. £. part of Madag^fcar,
and between iz and 26 degrees of S. whither they ufed to curry in the
lat. 300 m. S. £. of the continent prizes they made in the Indian feas,
of Africa, and is about 1000 m. in and fortified the avenues to the har-
length from N. to S. and generally bour where they fecure them ^ but
between 2 and 300 m. broad. It what is become of them (whether
abounds in corn, cattle, AAi, fowl, they remain there, or have left the
and all manner of animals and vege- iHand) is uncertain,
tables that are to be found on the Madera's are iflands that lie in
continent of Africa, Here are a 16 deg. of W. Ion. and between 32
^reat variety of hills, valleys, woods, and 33 deg. of N. lat. fit. in the At*
and champaign, and it is well wa- lantic ocean, 300 m. N. of the Ca-
tered with fprings and rivers j nor nary iflands, a«d 300W. of Sallee in
does there want good harbours ; and the empire of Morocco in Africa,
yet, not any European nation has The Jargeft of thcni called Madeia,
thought it worth while to plant co- or rather " ^lttera, by the Portuguefc,
ionies here, it producing no mcr- from its be. j)^'. covered with wood. It
chandize that will hear the expencc is about izo m. in ciicumference.
of (0 long a voyage, except Negroes, The woods being burnt tlt^wn, and
which ate purchafi-d here as well as the ifland made f uitfn! by the -«fhc<,
on the continent by tiading (hips, it was planted v.ith vines by the I'oi-
But, befides Negrocb, there are white tugueff, and produces incredil !> ^uan-
men, and a tawny generation, upon tit:es ot wine, which has th.it pecu-
the coaft, who are defcendcd from li'ir good quality, ihnt it. kctps bcft
the Arabs, as is evident from their in the hotted weather and in the
language and their religious rites, hottefl cliniates, wine other w les
having a mixture of Mahometanifm, turn four : and th 3 is the reafDn
Judaifm, and Paganifm ; but they they drink (carce any otljer win:; m
have no mofques or temples, or any Jamaica and the Caribbce jflands,
ftated worfliip. The other iflands arc ex'.eed nj, Imall,
The counti7 is divided amongft a and produce little wine. They were
great many petty fovercigns, to whom planted by the I'o. tugucfe, anno
the feamcn that touch there give 1425, and are ftill lubjett to that
the title of Kings and Princes, who
making war on ejch other, as they
do on the continent, fell their pri-
foners for flaves to the (hipping which
calL here ; taking cloathing, uten-
fils, and other neceflTanes in return.
European pirates frequently have
their ftations in the harbours of thts
crown.
Madras a P a t a n. Sec
Geor(. r. Fort.
Madre de Fopa, W. Ion. 76.
lat. II. a town and ^.onvcntof the
i erra Firma, in S, America, fit. oa
the river Grande, 50 m. E. of Car-
tagena J almoft as much refortcd to
iflind J among whom was Every, or by the Catholic pilgrims of America,
Avery, fo much talked of about 50 as the chapel of Lorctto is by the
ycurs ago, and to fupprefs whom five pilgrims of Europe j and numberlt Is
Enghfh men of war were fent thither, miracles are faid to have been wrought
But thefc pirates feem to be as pow- too by tlie BIcflcd Virgin, in favour
erful as any of the Princes of Mada- of the Spanifli fleets, and fea-faring
gaicar, and bid defiance to tlieir ene- men, which makes them very bounti-
mies, who come to attack them, ful in their offerings at her flirine.
cither by fea or land. It was con- Ma or i d, W, Ion. 4. is. lat. 40.
jcauted, the pirates wouU have 30. capital of the gr, of New Caaile,
M A
MA
■nd of the kingdom of Spain, fit, al-
moft in the middle of a large, Tandy
plain, Airrounded with high moun-
tains, 800 m. S.W. of London, 6S0
S. W. of Paris, and 300 £. of Lif-
bon; being about 7 m. in circum-
ference, without walls or fortifica-
tions, containing feverai grand ftrects
and fpacious fquares ; the largeft and
ir.oft magnificent is that of the Place
Mayor, furrounded by ftately, uni-
form houfes, fiyp flories high, with
balconies to every ftory ; the whole
fupported by a cloilkr or collonade
with arches : here their chief mar-
ket is held, and here they celebrate
their victories and fuccefTes by bull-
fights ; but their fineft houfes have
only lattice-windows. The nobility
have no courts or yards before their
houfes, but they ftand even with the
ftreet. There are 3 royal palaces at
Madrid, called the Palace Royal,
the Cafa del Campo, and the Buen
Ketiro,
Madrid alfo is the name of a
ruinous royal palace in France, not
far from Paris,
Madrigal, W. Ion, 75. 30. N,
lat. 30 min, a city of S. /America, in
the pr, of Popayan, 120 m. S. of the
city of Popayan j fub, to Spain.
Madura, a pr, of the Hither
Jndia in Alia, bounded by Tanjour
•n the N, £. by tlie Indian Tea,
which feparates it from the ifland of
Ceylon, on the S. E. and by the
mountains of Balagat, which divide
it from Malabar, on the W. The
Prince of this country is fubjeft, or
at lead tributary, to the Mogul,
Madura city, cap. of the pr,
of Madura, £. Ion. 77. lat. 10, fit.
K}o JH N. of Cape-Comorin, the
ttioft louthern promontory of the
Hither India, 300 m. S. W. of Fort
St. George, and 150 m. S. E, of
Calicut, The natives moft of them
Blacks,
Maela, W, Ion. 20 min. lat.
41. 16, a town of .Spain, in the pr.
of Arragon, on ti^e confines of Cata-
itnii, fit. 50 m. S« £. of Saragofla,
Maes river, rifcs in Burgundy,
and runs N. through Lotrain ani
Champain into the Netherlands, hav>
ing pafled by Toul, Verdun, Sedan,
and Dinant, and rfCcJvcs theSmibrc
at Namur j after a rcii it runs N. E.
by Liege, Maefii ^, '/jijiO, and
Grave, then W. \o Gorcum, and
having joined the Waal, runs W. to
Dort, difcharging itfelf into the Ger-
man fea a little below the Briel,
Maesland sluce, £. Ion, 4.
lat. 52. a town ot' Holland, in the ter.
of Delfland, fituate 5 miles South of
Delft.
Maestbicht, E. Ion, 5. 40.
lat, 50. 55. fit. on the river Maes,
13 m. N. of Liege, and 35 E. of
Louvain, The town, which lies
on theW. fide of the river, is in
Liege, but the wycke or fuburb,
which is on the £, fide of the ri-
ver, is in Limburg j the whole is
garrifon'd by the Dutch, who have
alfo the civil government of that part
of Maeftricht call'd the town, which
is about 4 m. in circumference, an4
ftrongly fortified. There are 3 Dutch
churches, but more of the Roman
Catholics, who are moft numerous.
The Dutch took this town from the
Spaniards, anno 1632, but it was
taken from them by the French K.
m perfon, anno 1673, whoreftored it
again to the Dutch by the treaty of
Nimeguen, anno 1679, in whofe
pofl"clTion it remains,
Maesych, E. Ion. 5. 45. lat,
51. 10. a town of Germany, in the
bifli. of Liege, fit. on the river Maes,
16 m. N. E. of Maeftricht,
Magadoxa, E. Ion. 41, N. ht.
2. capital of the ter. of Magadoxa,
fit. at the mouth of a liver of the
fame name on the coaft of Anian in
Africa, 320 m. S. of Adea,
Magdeburg duchy, in the
cir. of Lower Saxony in Germany, is
bounded by Brandenburgh on the N.
and £. by Anhalt and Halberftat on
the S, and by the D. of Brunfwic on
the N. W, being 60 m. long, and
\Q broad. It is dif ided by the river
** liibei
M A
M A
lurguncfy,
(rain and
inds, hav
n, Sedan,
le Sumbrc
uns N. E.
jriio, and
rum, and
ins W. to
I the Ger-
Jriel.
I, Ion. 4.
ill the ter.
s South of
1. 5. 40.
ver Maes,
35 E" °f
'hich lies
ver, is in
)r fuburb,
of the ri-
whoie is
who have
f that part
yn, which
cnce, and
e 3 Dutch
le Roman
lumerous.
from the
ut it was
rench K.
reftored it
treaty of
in whofe
45. lat.
y, in the
iver Maes,
t.
I, N. ht.
Vlagadoxa,
cr of the
Anian in
in the
;rmany, is
on the N,
Iberftat on
•unfwic on
long, and
the river
^-
Ilbc ; the Eaft fide whereof Is great
part of It foreft, the W. a fruitful
country.
Magdeburg, E. Ion. 12. lat.
i;^. 15. the capital of the D, of
Magdeburg, is Ht. on the river £Ib,
70 m, W. of Bi'rlin. This D, was
an archb. till the year 1648, when it
wjs affigned to the Elcdtor of Bran-
(itnburg, and conveitvd into a duchy,
the revenue wheteof is 100,000 1.
per annum. In this univ, Luther
the reformer was educated.
Magdelf.na, a great river of
S. Americi. wliich rifing near the
'f equator, runs t^, thro' the Terra-
firmj, and joining its waters with
the river Cance, obtains the name of
the river Grande, and falls into the
N. fea below the town of Madre dc
Popa.
Magellai? straits, fit. be-
tween 76 and 84 degrees of W, Ion,
and between 52 and 54 degrees of S.
lat. being upwards of 300 m. in
length from the Atlantic to the Pa-
cific ocean, but of a very unequal
breadth, being in fome places fcveral
leagues over, and in others not half
a league j the land on both (Ides
mountainous. Thefe were difcover'd
and pafs'd by Ferdinand Magellan, a
Portuguefe, in the fervice of Spain,
anno 1520, in his attempt to 6nd a
way to the Eaft- Indies by the W,
which he effeifted j but being killed
in the Molucca iflands, his fliip re-
turn'd by the Cape of Good Hope,
round Africa, and was the firft that
ever furroundcd the globe. Admiral
Drake pafTed them alfo in his voyage
round the world } but Hiips that have
gone to the S. fea of late years have
pafs'd round Cape Horn, in which
they find fewer inconveniences than
in pa(7ing the ftraits.
Maggiors lake, fit. partly
in the D. of Milan, and partly in the
country of the Grifons, being about
35 m, long, and 6 broad, the river
TelTin running through it.
Magna Vacca, E. Ion. 13.
lat. 44. 50. a port town of Italy, in
the D« of Fcrrara, and ter* of the
Pope, fit, on the gulph of Venice,
16 m. N. of Ravenna.
Magnelone, a lake in the S.
part of Languedoc in France, near
the Mediterrane-in fea, and which
runs parallel to it from tiic ti'y of
Agde to Aigue Mortes, being 40 m.
long, and i broad.
Magni, £. Ion. X. 50. lat. /;9.
12. ^ town of Fiance, in the pr. of
the Ilk' of France, fit. 27 m. N. W,
of Paris.
Maidenheap, W. Ion. 45min.
lat. 51. 33. a maiket town in Berk-
ftiire, 12 m. N. E. ot Reading.
Maidstone, E, Ion. 37 niin,
lat, 51. 20. the county town cf K.cnt,
fit. on the Medway, 36 m. S. 11. of
London, and 22 m. VV. of Canter-
bury i fends two members to parlia-
went.
M.>iLAZAis, W. Ion. 45 min.
lat. 46, iQ. a city of France, in the
pr. of Orleans, and ter. of Poii\ou,
fit. 20 m, N. of Rochelle.
Maine, a river of Germany,
which rifing on the £. fide of the cir.
of Francoaia, run; from E. to Wt
through that cir. palling by the cities
of Bamberg, Wurtfburg, Afchaffen-
burgh, Hanau and Francfort, and
difcharges itfelf into the Rhine ac
Mentz.
Maine, the N. W. part of the
pr. of Orleanois in France j the ca-
pital. Mans.
Maine, a Britifh pr, of New.
England, in America, bounded by
Nova Scotia on the N. E. by the
MaHachufet bay on the S. and by
the pr, of New Hampfhiie oi) the S.
W. and N. W.
Mainland, the chief of the
iOands of Shetland, in the co. of the
Orcades in Scotland. jjjj^ i
Majorca, a Spaniih IRpd in
the Mediterranean fea, fit. about 80
m. S. of the coaft of Catalonia, and
100 m. E. of Valencia, and is about
60 m, long and 45 broad. It is »
mountainous country, but produces
corn, wine, oil and fruit, and hat
fcveral good harbours. This was the
chief of thofe iflands called by the
X z ancients,
M A
M A
inci«nt9y Baleares, famoos for their
dingers.
Majorca city, E. Ion. a. 50.
iat. 39. 30. the capiral of the i/le of
Majorca, Ht. at th« bottom of a large
bay on the S. W. part of the ifland,
and contains about 6000 houfes, fur-
rounded by a Wc^ll and other modern
fottifications. It is the fee of a bift.
and contains 22 churches befides the
cathedra).
Maire strait, fit. between
Terra del Fuego in S. America, and
Staren ifland, a paHage to Cape Horn,
which being difcover'd by Lc Maire,
obtain'd his name. It is little ufcd
at prefent, fhips going round Staten
riland as wel! as Cape Horn into the
South fea,
Malatia* coast, fit. on the
S. W. pait of the peninfula of the
Hither India in Afia, is bounded by
Vifiapour on the N, by the moun-
-tains of Bniigate on the E. and by
the Indian ocean on the W. and S.
being about 4.00 m. long, and xoo
broad, divided among a great many
petty princes and ftates, but tribu-
tary to the Mogul. Theresrefe?eral
European powers that have colonies
and fettlements on this coaft, frem
whence they import chicAy pepper.
Malacca, the moft iiutherly
part of the further peninfufa of In-
dia in Afia, is bounded by Siam (of
which kingdom it is fometimes rec-
kon'd a part) on the N. by the bay
of Siam and the Indian ocean on the
E. and by the Oiaits of Malacca,
which feparate it tiom the ifland of
Sumatra, on the S. W. being about
600 m. long, and generally abmit
too broad, but in many places much
iefs. The people of Malacca are
more fiyMe^t to the Dutch, whopof-
fefi «Wle ftronp jiUccs on the conft,
than to the K. <'f Siam, or ;iny other
power. Tht Dutch compel the peo-
ple of Ms lacci to traffic with them
on (uch terms as they prerciilw, ex-
cluding all the reft of the nations of
Europe from all commerce with the
natives.
Malacca citY| capital of the
toantry, is fit. in i«50 degrees of E.
\an. and 2 degrees 30 min. N. Iat.
in a flat country clofc to the fea.
The ^?alh and fortifications are
founded on a folid rock, and carried
up to a great height ; the lower part
of them wa/hed by the fea at every
tide, and on the land- fide is a wide
canal or ditch, cut from the fea to
the river, which makes it an ifland.
The inhabitants confift of Dutch,
Portuguefe, Chinefe, Moors, Ma-
layans, and fome Armenian mer-
chants ; but it is not a place of great
trade at this day. It was taken
from the Portuguefe by the Dutch,
anno 1640, when it enjoyed a flou-
rifliing trade, and was more fre-
quented than any other town in In-
dia, -except Goa j for here was the
rendezvous of their /hipping from
China, Japan, and the fpice iflands,
but the Dutch have removed the
trade to Batavia, and make ufe of
this fortrefs chiefly to command the
flraits, and keep the natives in fub-
jeftion. The tawny people, who in-
habit this part of the country, and
the neighbouring iflands, are ufually
called Malays.
Malaga, W. Ion. 4. 45. Iat.
36. 40. a city and port town of
Spain, inthepr. of Granada, fit. on
the Mediterranean Tea, 66 m, N. E.
of Gibraltar. It ftands at the foot
of a fiecp mountain, clofc to the fea,
and 19 neither vt-ry large nor well
built, but is confiderable on account
of Its trade, its harbour, and the
ftrcngth of its fortifications. Near
this city the Englifh, and their con-
federates the Dutch, commanded by
Sir George Rook, obtained a vi£>ofy
over the French fleet, anno 1704 }
ftncf which the Frrnch have never
attempted to <Iirptitc the empire of
the fea with them : tho' the vi£>ory
had been more compleat, if the En-
glish had not fpi-nt moft of their am-
munition in taking Gibraltar, and
the Dutch had not fent away part cf
their Ajuadron to convoy their mer-
chant fliips home.
Malamocco, t little ifland and
puit
f
ii
3<
B
M A
M A
grees ef E.
1. N, Jat.
o the fea.
ations are
and carried
lower part
ea at every
le is a wide
the Tea ro
t an ifland.
of Dutch,
oors. Ma*
nian mcr-
ire of great
was taken
the Dutch,
)yed a flou-
more frc-
own in In-
:re was the
)ping from
ice iflands,
moved the
ake ufe of
nmand the
ives in fub-
)le, who in-
untry, and
ire ufually
45. lat.
town of
, fir. on
m. N. E.
the foot
to the fea,
nor well
on account
and the
|)ns. Near
their con-
manded by
a viflory
>no 1704 J
lavc never
empire of
he vi£>ory
if* the En-
thcir am-
itltar, and
ay part cf
their mer-
idind and
pull
a
port town in the Lagunes of Venice,
iii Italy, fit. 5 m. S. of that city.
Malda, £. Ion. 87. 30. lat. 24.
30. a town of India, in the pr. of
Bengal, in Afia, fir. on the river
Ganges. Here fome European na.
tions have their fadors ^ fit. about
]oo m. N. of Huegly.
Maidivia Islands, (Ht. in
the Indian ocean, 500 in. S W. of
the continent of the Hither India,
and the ifland of Ceylon) are a great
iianiber of fma!] idands, not It fj than
1000, extending thenilcivcs from
the fecund dcgiee of S. lat. to the
fevenih degree of N. lar. They arc
generally flat, iuw Ijiid, TurrouncieJ
by rocks and fan^ls, and prubabiy
were planted by the Arablaiis, tiie
people bjing of the fajne coniplexion,
and of the Mal-.omeiau religion, go-
verned by one foveuign. Tlie chan-
nels between the idands are very
narrow, and fome of diero fordablc.
They ao not pr ducc either rice,
corn, or herbage j but the natives
live upon coco-nuts, and other fruits,
roots, and fifh : they have little or
nothing to barter with other nations,
unlefs thofe fhells called cowries, or
blackmoors teeth, with which they
abound ; and thefe feive iriOead of
fmall coin in many parts of India.
Maloon, E, Ion. 50 min. lat.
51, 45. a port town of EiVex, fit. at
tiie mouth of the river Chehiier,
near a bay of the fea, 1 o m. E. of
Che'msford j fends two members to
pailiameitt.
Maletroit, W. Ion. 2. 16.
lat. 47. 45. a town of France, in
tile pr. of Britany, fit. on tnc river
Ou(e," 37 m. £. of Port Lewis.
Malinis. Sec Mechlin.
Mallinc, E. Ion. 30 mil), int.
51. 20. a muket town of Kent, fit.
5 m. W. of Maidrtone.
Mallo, W. Ion. 8. 35. lat. 51.
town of Ireland, 111 the co« of
Cork, and pr, of ManAcr, fit. on
the river Bhckwatcr, 17 n;. N. of
Cork city.
Ma.hkovj £. loo. 6. j. ia,
50. 30. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Wellphaha, and biHi. ai Licgc,
fit. 9 m. S. of Limburg.
Malmoe, £. Ion. 13. 20. lat.
55. 20. a port town of Sweden, in
the pr. of Gothland, aiivl tcr. of
Schonen, fit. on the Baltic Idf 90
m. S. £. of Copenhagen.
Malmsburv, W. Ion. 2. 7.
lat. 51. 34. a boroiit;h town of
Wikfliire, lit. 30 m. N. W. of ba-
lilbury J leads two mcnibeis to par*
liament.
Malo (St.) W. Ion. 2. lat. 4S.
40. a city and port towa t)f France,
in the pr. of Britany, fit. on a rock,
in the EngliHi channel, furrontuied
by the Tea, but joined to the conti-
nent by a caurew.iy, 38 m. N. W. of
Reiines, and 10 ni. N. of Dinant.
The harbour is one of titc bcfl on the
coafl, but of djfHculi accels, and wiU
not admit of large vcilels. It is but
an ill-built town, inhabited chiefly by
fca-faiing men, and in titne ot w.ir
by privatceis, who made abundance
of prizes in the war with £n(;land, id
the reign of K. William, which drew
on them a bombardment, that did
not, however, do them much harm.
Malor I A, or Melok A, a iittie
ifland of Italy, on the coalt of luf-
cany, 10 m. W. of Lejjhoru, £. Ion,
If. lat. 43. 20.
Malpartido, \V. Ion. 5. lat.
39. 20. a town of Spain, in the pr.
of Eflremaduia, fit. 14 in. S. ot VU-
ccntia.
Malpas, W. ion, 2. c^. lar.
53. 5. a miiket town of Chcfhne,
ht. 10 m. S. E. of Cheder.
MAi.PLAq^utT Battle, anuo .
1709. See Ularicm&s.
Malta, E. Ion. 15, lat. 35,
15. an liland in the Mc'iit«Prane.ifi,
fir, 60 m. S. of Cape I'aiTaro, m
Sicily, and 200 m. £. of Tumt, iu
At'rica. It is of an oval hgiirc, 20
m. long, and 12 broad. It ii.a
white, foft rock, covered a fwut 6ngp
with earth ; prcdutin; tndii^o, coitW),
grapes, olives, ^^1, Ivmoni', itiau^ev,
»i)ii uihuftitit»| i)^l,Ul<j,>L^y^.i#^t
a 3 CutQ
M A
M A
I
t
com enough for their ufe, nor make
any winr, but import both from Si-
cily } however it produces plenty ef
peafe, beans, and other pulPe, me>
ions and garden ftuff; and they have
irery good fprings, but no wood, eX'
cept their fruit-trees. This idand
was fuccefllvely fubject to the Fhcc-
nicians, Carthaginians, and the Ro-
mans j and the Emperor Charles V.
gave it to the Knighte of St. John
of Jerufalem, after they had lolt the
ifland of Rhodes, which they defend^
ed 200 years againft all the power of
Turky, They were attacked in the
\(\m\i\ of Malta by Solyman, the
Turkish Emperor, anno 1566, but
he was forced to abandon the ifland,
after he had loft above 20, coo men
in the attempt. The Knights for-
merly confilUd of 8 fcveral nations,
but now only of 7, the EngKOi hav-
ing withdrawn themfcJveson account
of their fuperftitious rites. All the
Knights are to be of ancient, noble
families, and legitimate ; the Grand
Crodes, or heads of cuch nation,
are (liied Grand Priors, having each
of them their convents of Knights,
and eftates in every Fopifh nation
appropriated to their maintenance,
iwhich are Ailed Commaridenes. The
Priors chnfe a Grand Mafter, and
are all fubje^ to the Pope in fpiri-
tuats, and drpend alfu pretty much
«fi thofe Princes where their lands or
^wmmandcric" lie. They are obliged to
fupprcfs all pirates, and are engaged
"in a perpetual v/ar with the Turks,
Algerines, and other Mahometans.
■ The Knights take vows of celibacy,
"«kaftity, &c. and as to matrimony,
they penenlly keep their vow, but
'• introduce, however, great numbers
•f Grecian girls, who ferve them in
the quality of concub T>e8.
Malta City, E. Jon. 15. !at*
35. 15. capital of the idind, confifls
<*t three towns, feparated by chan-
' meln, whirh torm fu many peninfuias
•f folid rockj rifing a great height
*; ^3lU>«« the r«a, and have fee ure har-
^%mn mahta xhtm, c^j^abk of 10
ceiving whole fleets ; and as the ftn-
ation is ftrong, fo no art is wanting
in the fortiBcations, to render it im-
pregnable. The ftreets are fpacious,
and the honfes built of white ftone,
hewn out of their rocks. Befides
the city, there are in the ifland
26 pariflies, and between 30 and
40 villages, containing 50,000 fouls,
of which one half are military men,
and unmarried. Malta is the fee
of a bifh. fuffragan of Palermo, \n
Sicily.
Ma L TON, W. Ion. 30 min. lat.
54. 8. a borough town of Yorkfhire,
fit. on the river Derwent, 20 m. N.
E. of York } fends two members to
parliament.
Malva, a pr. of the Hither In-
dia, in Afia, fit. in the middle of
India, under the tropic of Cancer j
fub. to the Mogul.
Malvasia, or Na»oli de
MAr,vAsiA,a city and port town of
European Tuiky, in the pr. of Mo-
rca, fit. on the Archipelago, 30 m.
£. of Mifitra, or Lacedemon, and 70
m. S. W. of Setines, or Athens.
Mak Island, lit. in the Iri(h
fea, in 4 degrees 30 min. W. Ion.
and between 53, 50, and 54, 25 N.
lat. 35 m. W. of the coaft of Cum-
berland, and 28 m. N. of Anglcfey
in Wales, 10 m. S. of the coaft of
Galloway in Scotland, and 40 E. of
the coaft of Down in Ireland, from
whence the three kingdoms of En-
gland, Scotland, and Inland, may
be cniily fcen at once. It is near ^o
m. long, and 8 or g broad, contain-
ing 17 parifhcs j the chief towns
Ruthin, Douglas, and Peel. The
foil n good, confiding of ?rablc ;inJ
pafture, more than is fufficirnt ^>f
the fubfiftence of the natives; an!
the air is eftremed healthful, the
people living to a great age. They
are a mixture of Engliftl, Scots, and
Iti/h, and have a King or Prince ot
their own, who is the D. of Atliol,
at prcfent. Their ftapic comnuidiiirs
are wooll, hides, anid tallow j .mJ
thei he 'verjf aUvantaieoufly for to.
. iei|ii
t
MA
M A
retgn traffic, but more fo for the
running of goods, which, I prefume,
was the reafon of bringing them
under the iame laws as England, in
relation to the cuftoms. There is a
biih. fuffragan to York, ftiled bifii.
of Sodor and Man, but he has no
feat or vuice in the Britiih houfe of
peers, but performs every other part
of a bi/h. by ordaining priefts and
deacons. The prefent bifli. is the
Rev. Dr. Hilderfley.
Manar, £. Ion. 79. lat. 9. an
idand in the Indian lea, in Alia,
between the ifland o( Ceylon, and
the continent.
Mancha, a ter. of Spam, in the
pr. of New Caftile, a mountainous
country, fit. between the heads of
the rivers Guadiana and Guadalquivir,
the feigned fcenc of fome of Don
Quixote's adventures,
Manchk, the French name for
the £. channel.
Manchkstib, "W. Ion. 2. 12.
lat. 53. 30. a town of Lancafhire,
fit. on the river Merfcy, 40 m. S.
£. ofLancader. Here is one of the
moft confiderable manufadures of
haberda/hery wares in England.
Manderschiit, E. Ion. 6. 32.
lat, 50, 20. a city of Germany, in
the cir. of the Lower Rhine, and
E left orate of Triers, fit. zo m. N.
of Trierr, It is the capital of the
CO. of M.indert'cheit.
Manfredonia, E. Ion. 16.40.
lat. 41. 20. a city and port town
of Italy, in the K. of Naples, and
ter. of the C'apitanate, fit. on the
bay of Manfredi^nia, in the gulph of
Venice, 90 m. E. of Naples.
Mangalor, or NVncuelor,
E. Ion. 74. lat. 13. a port town of
the Hither In-lia, in Afij, fit. on
the Malabar coall, 150 m. N. of
Calicut, and 340 m. W, of Fort St.
CJenrge. Here the Portuguefe and
the Dutch hrve faftories.
Mann II M, E. Ion. 7. 20, lat.
49. 30. a ciiy of Germany, in die
pal. ot the Rhine, fit. at the con-
iluencc ot the rivers Khiric anil
NcUuT, 14 TO. N. W. cf Heidd-
borp, the ufual refidence of the
Elector Palatine.
Manila. , See Luconi.\, or
Philippine,
Maningtrek, E. Ion. r. 16,
lat. 52. 5. a market town of £(Tcx,
fit. on the river Maningtree, 25 m.
N. E. of Chelmsford.
Mahosq.ue, E. Ion. 5> 40. lar.
43. 50. a town of France, in the
pr. of Provence, fit. on the river
Durance, 20 m. N.E. of Aix.
Manresa, E. Ion. r. 33. laf.
41. 30. a city of Spain, in the pr. of
Catalonia, fit. on the river Lubicgat,
28 m. N. W. of Barcelona.
Mans, £. Ion. 5 min. lat. 48. 64
a city of France, in the pr. of Or-
leanoi!>, capital of the ter. of Maine,
fit, on the river Sarte, 45 m. N. E,
of Angers, It contains 3200 houfes,
in which, 'tis computed, there are
15000 fouls, and is the fee of a
bifhop.
Mansfielp, E. Ion. 11. 45.
lat. 51, 36. a city of Gcrn)?ny, tii
the cir. of Upper Saxony, ci^ital of
the CO. of Mansfield, fit, 40 m. N,
W. of Leipfic.
MANsriELD, W, Ion, 1. 6. lat,
53, 12. a market town of Netting-
hamfliire, fit. 10 ro. N, of Notting-
ham.
Mantx, E. Ion. I. 45. lat. 49,
a town of France, in the pr. of the
ide of Franc . fit. on the river Seyii%
15 m. N. W, of Paris,
Mantu/ ;^uchy, in Italy,
booni!. '. 'oy \) \ >^re'.^.'u and Veionefe
on the N. 'y another part of the
Venetian t"'itorie« and the Ferrarefc
on the E. by the Due 'i-s of Medina
and M.I j.vlola on the S. ar.d by the
Crcmooefe on the W, being about. 50
m. long, and from 10 to s>» l>road ^
a t'ruittui country, •bouiiuitig in ujrn,
wine, itik, tiax, pafiure, an4 excel-
lent fruir. The revenues of the fove-
reign computed to be 30 .sooo crowns
per annum. This Duchv was ^fti'
joyed by ttie family of Conzag^^ ttU
the ifign of tlie iate '»iicen.Aniie,
when the ia(i Duke adht ,«g to the
Ficachk lad Sfaotards, tbr Emprrur
CiurlM
M A
■M A
Charles VI. feized on the Duchy as
a forfeited fee, and the Duke dying,,
anno 1 708, the houfe of Auftria ftill
kccf) poirelTion of it.
Mantua Citv, E. ion. 11.
35. iat. 45. 20. capital of the D. is
fit. in the middle of a lake fcrnnfd
by the river Mincio, 80 ni. S.W.
of Venice, :vnd 70 m. W. of Milan.
It has a communication with the
continent by three caufeways, de-
fended by forts on them, and is about
5 m. in circumference, containing
500,000 inhabitants. The ftictts
and fquares are fpacious, and ele-
gantly built J and there are in it j8
parifh churches, befides the cathedral,
and 40 convents. They have an
excellent manufafture of filk, from
thence called Mantua filk* TafTo
the poet was born here, and the
poet Virgil at the village of Andes,
about a m. from it. This bifhopric
is immediately fubje£l to the I'ope.
and has no other fuperior.
Maon, or Mahon Port, E.
Ion. 4. 6. Iat. 39. 50. a port town
of the ifland of Minorca, fit. in the
Mediterranean, on a fine bay, at the
V. end of tlu. ifland j being a com -
nioJious harbour, where the largtll
fleets may ride fccuie from tcnipcils
or enemies, the entrance being dc
fended by platforms of guns, and forts
P.rongly fortified. The Cnghfli made
a conoucft of it, in the year 1708 j
and the late Emperor, and K. of
Spain, Charles, as well as Philip, the
lal) King, ceded and confirmed it
to Great-Britain, at the peace of
Uirccht, and tiiu harLoiir lias been
of infinite fetvice to the Knglilh of
Jatc, for here thry repiir ihcir fiiijjs,
attJ here the merchant ihips he in
fafeiy, till they can meet viith con-
voys,
Maracmbo, W. Ion. 70. Iat.
10. 45« i c.ty and port town of S.
America, in the pr. ut Terra Firma,
and tet. of Vcnczucl.i, fit. oji the W,
flic of the hike of Maracaibo, ijo
B), H. of Rio dc h Hacha.
^ Maracaibo Lakf., on which
t2ic luwo Aand^i it iicar 2v,« m.lon^',
and TOO broad, and runs from S, to
N. difcharging itfeif into the N. foa,
the entrance whereof is well defend-
ed by ihong forts j and yet Sir Henry
Morgan made his way by them, and
plundered feveral Spani/h towns upon
the coalt, and defeated a fquadron
fent to intercept him.
Marana, or Marogna, E,
Ion. 26. Iat. 40. 36. a city of £u«
ropcan Turky, in the pr. of Roma-
rji.u fit. on the Archipelago, 42 m,
N.W. of the Dardanells, or Heile-
fponr. . i .
Marano, E. Ion. 13. 15. Iat,
46. a town of Italy, in the ter, of
Venice, and pr. of Friuh, fit. at
the bottom of the gulph of Venice,
30 m. N. F. of that capiuh,
Marans, W. Ion. 55 min. Iat.
45. 20. a town of France, in the pr.
ot Orleanois, and ter. of Aunis, fit.
12 m. N. E. of Rochelle.
March E, a ter. of Lyonois, in
France, having Berry on the N.
Bourbonois and Auvcrgne on the E.
Limofin on tlic S. and Puidou vn
the VV.
March E, E.lon. 5. 45. I ♦•. 4.S.
10. a town of Lorrain, fit. 2S m,
N. E. of Langres j fub. to France,
Marchiennes, E, Ion. 4. 2c.
Iat. 50. 26. a town of the Aurtrian
Netherlands, fit. on the river S.im-
bre, on the confines of Njmur, 3 tu.
W. of Charleroy,
MARCHruRG, E. Ion. 15, 50.
Iat. 47. a town of Gemuny, in the
cir, of Auftiij, and D. of Stiri.i,
fir. on the nvcr Drave, 25 m. S. ct
Gratz.
Mardiki, £. Ion. 2. 20. Iat. 51.
a port town of French i- landers, fit.
4 m, W. of Dunknk, which the
French were about to fortify after
thtr demolition of Dunkirk, but dc-
firtco, on fome rcmonliianccs made on
that head, by the BntiiK court.
Maruikeks, or TorAssEs, ,
mix*d breed 0' D-ch, Purtu^ucf^-,
l.'idiatis, and .,ihe> nations, inccr-
poratcd with the Dutch at Buavia,
in the E. Indies.
MAMCAHrTTA IsLANDj fit.
M A
in 64 degrees of W. Ion. and it de-
grees, 30 min. N. lat, 60 m. W. of
the continent of Paria, or New An-
daiufia, in S. America, onc«^f the
hrgeft of the Leeward iflandi, in the
N. fea, aco m. W. of the ifland of
Trinidad. It is about 50 m« long,
and 24 brond, and affords Indian corn,
and the ufua! tropical fruits ; but
there is very little wood or W4ter to be
found upon it. It is fub. to Spain.
Maxgatk, E, Ion. i. 2a. lat.
51, 24. a port town of Kent, in the
iflc of Thanet, fit. a little W. of the
N. Foreland, 12 m. N. of Deal, and
JO m, N. E. of Canterbury.
Margentheim, OrMERGKN-
THEiM, E Ion. 9. 40. lat. 49. 32.
a city of Germany, in the cir. of
Franconia, fit. on the river Taubcr,
20 m. S. W. of Wurtfburg, the
capital of the tcr. fub. to the Grand
Marter of the Teutonic Order, now
the ElefVor of Cologn.
Mariano, or Marano, E.
Ion. 9. 30. lat. 45. 45. a town of
Italy, in the D. of Milan, fit. 15
m. N. of Milan.
Marienbuxg, E. Ion. 4. 25.
lat, 50. 10. a town of the French
Netherlands, in the pr. of Hainait,
fir. 10 m. W. of Charlrtnont, and
7 S. of Philipviilc.
Martxnburch, a town fit. in
the feuth'Tn part of Livonia, 7- m.
S, of Ple/kow.
Marienburg, E. Ion. 19. lat.
54. a town of Poiifli {'jufTia. fit. on
the river Weifel, 20 m. S. E. of
Dsntzic.
Mar I r/^ - tat, E. Ion. 14. lat.
58. 50. a city of Sweden, fit. on the
IS. fiJe of theWencr Ijke, in the pr. of
W. Gothland, 40 m. .S. of Carolflar,
MARir.uGk,E. Ion. 3. lat. 44.
3;. a town of France, in the pr. of
Laiigucdoc, and tcr. of Gevaudan,
16 m. N. W. of Mende.
Marioalantk, W. Ion. 6t,
lat. 16. 20. one of the Icaft of the
Caribbce iPands, fit. in the Atlantic
ocean, near that uf Guadalupe, lub.
to France.
Maricnan, W, Ion, 44. S, lat.
M A
2. 15, a city and port town of Bri.
zil, in S. America, cap. of the cap-
tainship of Marignan, fir. at the
mo'ith of the r ver St, Mary, on the
Atlantic Ocean, 500 m. N". W. of
cape St. Roque, fub. to Portugal.
Marignano, E. Ion. 9. 55. lar.
44. a town of Italy, in the IX of
Milan, 15 m. S. of Milan} fub. ta
the houfe of Auftria.
Mariko (St.) E. Ion. 13. 30,
lat. 44. a city of Italy, in the D«
of Urbino, cap. of the tcr. of Ma-
rino, fit. on a mountain, 20 m. N»
of Urbino. This is a little Aate or
commonwealth, in the middle of the
pope's territories, and was independ*
ent of him, till fom*^ difaffefted fub-
jefts agreed to put themfelve* uiiocr
the Pope's duiiiiriicn } but 1 think
his Holintfs has lately reftored the
republic to their ancient liberties.
Marino, E. Ion. 13. 15. lat. 411
45. a town of Italy, m the Campa-
nia of Rome, 8 m. E. of Rome,
Mark, a co. of Germany, in the
cir. of Weftphalia, fub. to the K. of
FnifTia.
Market jew, or Merkjit,
W, Ion. 6. lat. 50. 12. a market
tnwn of Cornwall, fit. on Mount'a
bay, 18 m. W. of Falmouth, and
10 m. E. of the land's end.
Mari BRO, W. Ion. I. 50. lat.
51. 28. a borough town of Wilt/hire,
fir. 18 m. N, of Salifbury, fends two
m' mbers to parliament ; from whence
the noble Umily of Ch\irihill did,
and n\rm ths noble family of Spencer,
lake ttieir title of Duke.
Mari BRO fort, E. Ion. ici,
S. bt. 4. 15. an Englifh faOory on
the W. coaft of the ifland of Su-
matra, in Afu, fit. 3 m. E. of tlic
town of Bencoulcn, and 300 in. N.
W. of Batavia.
Mari I, E. Ion. 1. to. ht. 48.
5^. a town of France, fit, on the ri-
ver Scync, 10 m. N. W. of Paris,
^.•^1cre the French K» hai a pilare.
Marlow great, W. Ion. 41?
min. lar. ^1. 34. a borough town of
Bulks, fit. 15 m. S. of AiicOmry J
fends two members 10 pailumeti'^.
Mar*
,A¥
M A
M A
Marmande, under the meri-
ihn of London, lat. 44. 25. a town
of France, in the pr. of Guienne,
fit. on the river Garonne, 40 m. S.
£. of Bourdeaux.
Marmora, £. Ion* a8> lat. 41.
a little ifland of Turky, fit. in the
fea of Marmora, between Afia and
Europe, to which it communicates
its name j lying 60 miles S. W, of
Conftantinople.
Mar mok a sea, formerly called
the Propontis, is (it. between the
Hellefpont and Bofpborus, or be-
tween the Dardanclis and the fea of
ConHantin'jple ; having a commu-
nication v/ith the Black Sea on the
N. £. and with the Archipelago on
the S. W* This fea of Marmora is
about -izo TD. long, and 50 broad,
thro' w hich all European Hiips fail in
their way to Cundantinople,
Mahni, a river of France, which
tlfing ipth^S. E. of Champaign near
I.nngres, r«ns N. W. thro' Cham-
pain to Chalons, and then W. paHing
by Meauxjf.anii falls injto the river
Scyne at Paiis.
Maro, E. Ion. 8. lat. 44. 10. a
<n.vn of, Italy, in the ter. of Genoa.
.0 ni. N. W. of Oneglia.
Ma.rosch, orMcRisii, a great
river, which rifes in tht Carpathian
mountains, and running from N. to
S. through Tranfilvania, afterwards
turns W. and ruiming into Hungary,
falls into thf. rivci Tcyfc at Sigedin.
Marpuhg, E. Ion. 8. 40. lat.
50. 40. a city of Germany, in the
cir. of the Upper Rhine, and 'an. of
HciTe, fit. on the river Lohn, 40
m. N. of Frankfort, fub. to the Ian.
of Hr,nc-Caflcl.
Mark, a county of Scotland,
bounded by Buchan and Bamf on ihs
N. by the German fea rn the "T, by
Mers and Cowry on t! 3. a-io by
Badcnock and Athol on the W. the
chief town is Aberdeen
Mar SAL, £. Ion, 6. 34. lat.
48. 50. a town of Germany, in tho
V. of Lorrain, fit. 20 miics E. of
Nancy fob. to France.
Marsala, E. loo, 12. 6. lat.
37. 50. a port town of Sicily, in the
pr. of Mazara, fit. at the W. end
of the illaud, 40 m. S. W. of Pa-
lermo.
Marsalq^uiver, a port town
of Algiers, on the coaft of Barbary,
in Africa, fit. on a bay o the fea,
oppofice to Oran, and taken with
that city by the Spaniards, anno
1732.
Marseimes, E. long. 5. 2e.
lat. 43. 15. a city and port town of
Fiance, in the pr. of Provence, fit.
on a fine bay of the Mediterranean,
360 m. S. E. of Paris, and 25 m,
N. W, of Toulon. The town is
large and populous, faid to contain
100,000 inhabitants ; well fortified,
and has a fecure capacious harbour,
being the Nation of the French gaU
lies, but will not admit of large men
of war. It has a briik foreign trade,
and a good fillc manufadlure ^ and
the warlike magazines are faid to
equal any in Europe. .
Marshfield, W, Ion. 2. 20,
lat. 51. 30. a market town of Wilt-
fliire, fit. 30 m. N.W of Salilbury.
Maushlano, the W, divifion
of Norfolk.
Marsico, E. Ion. 16. 30. lat.
40. 36, a city of Italy, in the K. of
Najiles, and pr. of the Hither Prin-
cipate, fit. 70 m. S. E. of Naples.
Marta, E. Ion. 12. 45. lat.
42. 20. a town of Italy, in the D.
cf Cailro, in the Pope's ter. fit, at
the mouth of the river Marta, on
the lake of Bollenna, 35 m. N. of
Rome.
Martaban, E. Ion. 97. a city
and port town of the Further India,
in Afia, fit. on the E. fide ot the bay
of Bengal, 80 m. S. of Pegu.
Mart EL, E. long. i. 20. lat.
41;. a town of France, in the pr. of
Guienne, and ter. of »>i:jcicy, fit. on
tb» iver Dordonnc, 18 miles E. of
Sarlat.
Martha (St.) W. Ion. 74. 30.
Jat. II. 45. a city and port town of
Terra Firma, in S. America, fit, on
ihc N. fea, at the month of the ri-
ver Cuayra, 120 in, N, £. of Carta-
M A
MA
1 '
'gena, dap. of the ter, of St. Mar*
ih.i.
Martha (St.) the pr. is bound-
ed by the N. fea on the N. by Rio
de la Hacha on th» E. by New Gra-
nada on the S. and by the tcr. of
Cartagena on the W. being 300 m.
long, 200 broad, a knountainous
country, fuppofed t» be the higheft
land in the world ; and from thefe
mountains run a chain of hills to
the fouthward, the whole length of
S. Annerica, of which the Andes or
Cordu'Ieras are part,
Martha's vinkvard, Wcfl:
Ion. 70. lat. 41. an ifland in America,
near the coaft of New-England, 80
miles S. of Bofton ; t! - inhabitants
whereof, as well as the neighbouring
ifland of Nantucket, apply thcm-
felves chiefly to the fisheries, in
which they have great fuccefs.
Martigues, E. long. 5. lat,
43. 20. a port town of France, in
the pr. of Piovence, fit. on a hay of
the Mediterranean, 16 miles W, of
Marfeilles,
Martin cape, under the me-
ridian of London, lat. 38. 50. a pro-
montory of Valencia, in Spain, on
the Mediterranean fea, 40 m. S. £•
of Valencia city.
Mart INI CO, fit. in 61 degrees
W, Ion, and between 14 and 15 de-
grees N. lat. izo m. N. W. ef Bar-
bjdocs J being 60 miles long, but
fcarce 20 broad in any place. The
inland part is mountainous, from
whence fall numerous rivulets into
the fea j and there are levcral fafe
and commodious harbours on the
coaft, fo well fortified, that the En-
giilh were not able to reduce any of
tbim, when they made a defcent on
the iflaiid m the late wars. Th-
ifland produces fugar, cotton, gin-
ger, indigo, cacao, aloes, pimento,
cocos, planta'ns, and other tropical
Iruitt } and as it is much larger and
better peopled than Barbadoes, it
produces a great de.il more lugar j it
is now the chief of all the French
Cuihbee iflands, and the feat of their
<joveinor General,
3
Martins (St.) W. Ion. S. 22,
lat. 45. 15. a fortrefs in the iflc of
Re, on the coaft of France, in the pr,
of Aunis, 10 m. W. of Rochelle.
Martins (St.) one of the Ca-
ribbee illands in America.
Martirano, B, Ion. 16, 34,
lat. 39. 15. a city of Italy, in the
K. cf Naples, and Hither Calabria,
lir, 11m, S. of Cofenaa.
Martorel, B. Ion. 1.45. lat,
41. 20. a town of Spain, in the pr,
of Catalonia, fir. on the river Lobre-
gat, 12 m. N. W. of Barcelona.
Maryla-nd, one of the Brit i<h
plantations in N. America, is fit.
between 74 and 7S degrees of W.
Ion. and between 38 and 40 degrees
of N. lat. The N. end of the bay
of Chefepealc, divides Maryland in
two parts., called the eaftcrn and
weftern (hores. It is bounded by
Fenfilvania on the N, by anothtr
part of Fenfilvania and the Atlantic
ocean on the E. by Virginia on the
S. and by the Apalachian mountains
on the W. It being about 140 m.
Jong, and as many broad. The lands
next the fea are low, but they rife
gradually, till they terminate in the
Apalachian mountains : they were
covered with wood, till cleared by
the pl?nters ; intermixed, however,
with favannahs and meadow ground,
and watered with many fine rivulets
and fprings. Their chief produce at
prefent is tobacco, as in Virginia,
And the planters live in farms, dif-
perfed about the country, and not in
towns J and they have the like con-
venience of Shipping comihg up al-
moft to their doors, by the bay of
Chefcpeak, and navigable rivers : it
is a proprietary government. The
Lord Baltimore, both governor and
proprietor J the council appointed by
him, and the hnufe of repreftnta-
tives chofen by the freeholders. But
while this noble family were Catho.
lies, the crown took the govprnnicnt
into its hands after the revolution,
and it was thrn a royal government.
There are more Roman Catholics
iicrr, than in ary of the plantations ;
MA
their ftrft proprietors and gOTCfiiors
having been fuch*
Masanoeran, a px. of Perfia,
ufually comprrhended in Gilan, the
ancient Hyrcania, fit. on the South
coa(V of the CaTpian fca.
Masbate, E. Ion. izo. lat.
X3> one of the Philippine iflands, in
ACii, alrooft in the center of the
relh
MAscDN,or Macon, E*loa. 4.
55. lat. 46. 22. a city ot' France, in
the D. oi Burgundy, fit. on the ri-
ver Saone, 35 m. N. of Lyons.
Mas HAM, W. Ion. 1. 25. lat.
54. 15. a market town of Vorkfttre,
fit. 24 m. N. W. of York.
Masters, or Mesijtrs, Eaft
Ion. 4. 45. lat. 49. 48. a town of
France, in the pr. of Champaign, fit.
on the river Mies, 35 m. N« £• of
Rheims.
Mass A, E. Ln. xi. 50. lat. 43.
5, a town of Italy, in the D. of Tuf-
cai\y, fit. 35 m. S. W. of Sienna.
Mass A, £. Ion. 15. lat. 40. 50.
a city of Italy, in the K« of Naples,
fit. on the S, /ide of the gulph of
Naples, 2Q m. S. of that capital.
Masja, £. Ion. 10. 40. lat. 43.
5;. capital gf th^n. of MalFa Carara,
in Italy, fit. between the territories
ot Lucca and Genoa, 27 m» N. W.
of Lucca, 65 m. S. E. of the city
of Genoa, and 3 ro. W. of the Tuf"
Can fea.
Massa, or Mazzt, E. Ion. it.
45. lat. 4^. 15. a town of Italy, in
tiie pr. ot thcVeronefe, fit. on the
N. nde of the To, 35 m. E, of
JMuitua.
Massachuset colony, the
principal fub-divifion of New Eng-
iaiid, is bounded by New Hanop-
ihite on the N. by the Atlantic
oc<^an on the E. and S* and by Con-
nedticut and New York on the W.
being about 100 m. long, and 40
brond. Thii country produce* plenty
of Indian wheat, but they have little
ether grain j they have alfo plenty of
mutton, beef, pork, h/h, and fowl ;
the country aho produces flax and
ken^p, mA they have nuoufailurct
MA
of leather, U&nen, and woollen*
They build a {real many Aips, hav.
ing timber and other materials for
that purpofe, and fell them both t»
the £ngli/h and foreigners. They
have mines both of copper and iroq,
and manufaflure fome of thejr iron,
but their manufactures of wool, iron>
and leather, as well as that of hats,
are difcouraged by Old England.
They traffic with the Sugar iflands,
furniHiiDg them with fait meat, fiihy
and other provifions, and take fugar
and moloifes in return, and have
fee up fhll houfes for making rum ;
there are alfo fome fugar- bukcra
amongfl them. Their government
has a mixture of the royal and the
charter government^, for though the
King appoints a governor, the af-
fembly of reprefentativts appoint
the council, or upper houfe, nor
will they fix a fahry on their go-
vernor, tint they may have the
greater inilucnce on him. This is
much the moft powerful colony we
have, both by fea and land } they
have mariners enough to man a
large fleet, and can raife ao,ooo
land-men in cafe of neceiTjty. As
to their religion, the bulk of the
people are independents, but abun-
dance of them come over to the
church of England of late.
Masseran, £. Ion, 8. lat. 4;.
15. a town of Piedmont, in Italy,
lit. 45 m. N. E. of Turin j fub, to
the K.. of Sardinia.
Massovia. See Warsovia,
a pr. of Poland,
Masu LiPATAN, E. Ion. 8 1. lat.
16. iS. a ciiy and port town of the '
Hither India, in the pr. of GolconJa,
fit. on theW. Tide of the bay of Ben-
gal, 200 m. N. of Fort St. George,
Here both the Englifh and Duuh
hive their favors, who import from
hence the moft beautiful calicoes.
Matagorda, a fottret's at the
entrance of the harbour of Cadiz in
Spain.
Mat AM AN, a country in the S.
W. of Africa, bounded by Bengut la
oa the N. by Mooomotopa on the
I
MA
M E
K. bjr Caffraria en the S. an'^ the
Atlantic ocean on the W. a defart
country, with which the Europeans
have very little commerce,
Matapan Cape, in the Mo-
rca, the nxtft fouthern promontory
of Europe, £. ion. 12. lat. 36.
Mat A ft o, E. Ion. 2.45. lat. 41.
2C« a town of Spain, fit. on the coaft
of Catalonia, iz m. £. of Barcelona.
Matera, E. Icn. 17. 10. lat. 4x9.
45. a town of Italy, in the K. of
Naples, and ter. of Otranto, fit. 30 m.
S.W. of Barri. The fee of a b:flj.
Mater AN, £. Ion. iro. S. Jat.
7. 45. the capital of the K. of the
fame name, fit. on the S. coad of
the iHand of Java, whofe Prince lying
at a great diftance fromBatavia, hasnot
bceu fubdued b^' the Dutch, as we can
learn, but feems to have very little
commene with any other people.)
Matthew (St.) W. Ion. 9. S.
lat. 2. 30. a little ifland in the At-
lantic ocean, fir. 700 m. S. of Cape
Paimas, on the co<iil of <}uinea, in
Africa, planted by the Fortuguefe,
but delerted.
Maubeugx, E. Ion. 3. 50. lat.
50. 20. a town of the Auftrian Nc-
ihcrlando, in the pr. of Hainauit, fit*
on the nvcr Sambie, 1 1 m. S. of Mens.
Maui. EON, W. ion. i. 5. lat.
43.20. a town of France, m the
pr. of Gafcony, and ter. of Soule,
ill. 17 m. S. E. of Bayonne.
Maura (St.) E. ion. 21. lat. 38.
50. an idand of the Mediterranean,
lit. between the continent of Epirus
and the iflanJ of Cephalonia ; fub.
tc Venice,
M A u R I c E, or Mo R 1 t 1 u 8 ifland,
B. Ion. 56. S. lat. 20. fit. in the
Indian ocean, in Afia, 4C0 m. £. of
Madagalcar ; fub. to the Dutch for-
merly, but now to the French.
Maurienne (St. John,) E.
Icn. 6. 10. lat. 45. iS. capital of
the ter, of Maurienne, or Morienne,
in Savoy, fit. on the nver Arc, 3©
in. S, E, of Chamberry,
Mauritania, the ancient
nanic of the ooafl of Birbary, in
AtiR-a, from the city of '^'angicr to
that tf Algiers, the W. part of ir fn
which Tangiers (lands, called Mau-
ritania-Tingitana, and that further
E. Mauritana-Cxfarienfis.
Mawes (St.) a pott and borough
town of Cornwall, fit. on the £•
channel, 50 m. S.W. of Launcefton,
and 20 m. N. of the Lizar-d, W.
Ion. 5. 26. lat. 50. 13.
May, a little ifland at the ■mouth
of the frith of Forth, near the coaft
of Fite, in Scotland.
Mayenne, W. Ion. 45 min.
lat. 48. 20. a city of France, in the
pr, of X)rleanois, and ter. of Maine,
hr. on the river Mayenne, 32 m.
N.W. of Mans.
Mayo, W. Ion. 23. lat. 15. one
of the cape Verd iflandF, fit. in the
Atlantic ocean, 400 m. W. of Cape
Verd, in Africa, Hcie ftiips fre-
quently take in fait, in their way
to the W. Indies.
Mayo^ a CO. of Ireland, in the
pr. of Ci^naught, having Slcgo on
the N. and Rofcommon on the S.
Mazagan, W. Ion. 10. lat, 33.
a port towii of Morocco, in Africa,
fit. 100 m. N, oi Morocco city.
Mazara, the S. W. dividon of
the ifland of Siciiy.
Mazara, E. Ion. 12. 30. lat.
37,42. cap. of the pr. of Mazara,
m Sicily, a port town, fit. on the S.
W. coaft, 42 m. S. W. of Palermo,
Meaco, E. Ion. 135. lat. 35.
20. a city of the ifland of Niphon,
or Japan, in Afia, fit. 300 m. W,
of Jeddo.
Meadia, E. Ion. 22. lat. 45. a
town of Hungary, in the Bannat of
Tcmefwaer, fit. on the N. fide of the
Danube, 15 m. E. of Belgrade.
Meath East, a co. of Ireland,
in the pr. of Lcinfter, bounded by
the counties cf Cavan and Louth on
the N. by the Irifh channel on the
E. by Kildarc and Dublin on the S,
and bv W. Meath and Longford on ,
the W.
Meath West, bounded by
Longford on the N. by E. Mrath on
the E. by King's xo. on the S. and
by Rofcommon 0.1 the W.
Y McAu9^
M E
M E
Meaux,E. Ion. 3. lat.49. * ^'^y
of France, in Champain, fit. on the
river Marne, 44 m. N. E. of Paris.
Mecc.^, E. Ion. 43, 30. lat. 21.
ao. the capital of the tcr. of Mecca,
and of all Aiabia-Fxlix, in A(ia, and
the place ot Mahomet's nativity, fit.
30 m. E. of Sidin, the port town to
it, on the Red Tea, 200 m, S. £. of
Medina. It ,s a large, well>built city,
in the middle whereof Hands the ka-
aba, or houfe of God, which the
Arabs believe was built by Abraham,
and to which Mahomet obliged ail
his difciples to go in pilgrimage, once
in their lives. This temple is but 15
feet long, and iz broad, and 30 feet
high y and there is a large court about
it, encnmpalTed with a piazzn, in
which the pilgrims perform their de-
votions, feldom entring the kaaba,
which is too fmall to admit many.
MECHLI^•, o» Malines, a pr.
of the Aultiian Netherlands, fur-
rounded by that of Brabant, being
about 10 m. long, and 5 btoad, and
called the Lordfhip of Mechlin.
Mechlin, or Mai. I NES City,
E. Ion. 4. 22. h«t. 51. 10. capital of
the Lordrtiip ot McM\n, fit. on the
rivers Dyle and Uemer, which unite
before thty re^ch this city, which
l^ands 12 m. N.E. oi' Bruifels, 1 1 m.
N. W. of Louvain, and 13 m. S.E.
cf Antwerp. U is a large, well buill
city., conijfiing cf Icveral iflands,
made by the bunches of the Dyle,
or artiBcial can.ils, over which they
have builr a grcnt many bridges. It
is a fortified town, but of no great
ftrength ; the fee of an archb. who
is Primate of the Nttherlunds j and
the concurrence of this little ftate is
neceflary to the making laws and rai-
fing money, tho' fub. to the houfe of
Auftria. The principal manufadture,
at prefcnt, is that of lace, the Hncft
in Europe. They are remarkable alfo
in the Low-Countries for the;r old
ftrong-bccr, with which they ferve
the other provinces.
Mf.choacan, a pr. of Mexico,
in America, bounded by Panuro on
the N, by Mexico Proper en the £.
by the Pacific ocean on the S. and by
Guadalajara, or New Galicia, on
the W. In this pf. arc mines of
filver, and copper, and it produ-
ces the cacao, or chocolate-nut ;
and being well watered with fprings.
and rivers, aft'ords both corn and pa-,
flurc, being one of the pleafanteft and
mo(l fruitful provinces of Mexico.
Mecklenburg Duchy, a pr„
of Germany^ in the cir. of Lower
Saxony, is bound;;.'' by the Baltic fca
on the N. by Potv;erania on the E.
by Brandenburg on the S. and by the
Duchies of Holllein, Lunenburg, and
Lawenburg, on the W. being about
100 m. long, and 60 broad. It is a
fruitful country, well watered with
lakes and rivers, and extremely well
fit. on the Baltic for a foieign trat^e,
fome of the ptincpal Hans towns ly-
ing in this pr. viz. ll(-ftoek, Wifmar,
Swerin, &c. The Duvhy is lub. to
the D. of Mccklenbiirji, who allu-
ming an arbitrary power of taxing his
fubjects, they ..ppcaled to the Aulic
Council, which determined, that ac-
cording to the fonftitiition of that
countiy, the itobility and gentry could
not be taxed abov^ a certain Aim ;
and decreed that the D. Hiculd ledcie
what he had unjullly taken away
from tliem j for rcfufing which, ho
was expclUd his dominions, and the
aJmimll ration of the gov. given to
his Irothcr by a decree of the aulic
council for a time. He was reflored
about !0 years after, and on his
death his fon Prince Frederic, the
reigning Prince, fu cecdcd him,
Mfcc ON, a great river, which rifes
in the N. of further India, in Afin,
runs S. thro' the kingdoms of Laos
and Cambodia, Jailing into the In-
dian ocean, in 10 degrees N. lat. op-
pofire to the iflawd of Pulo Condor.
Medemn, W, Icn. 6, lat. 3S.
41;, a town of S,>ain, in the pr. of
luhemadura, i'v , on the river Gua-
diana, 20 in. E. of Merida.
Medelpadia, .1 fmall pr. of
Swedeland, bounded by Jcmptcilsnd
on the N. by the Bcthnic ^ul^)h on
the E, and Hclfingiaon the S. and W.
Meuen-
.» '
E
M E
M E
on the S. and b^
'Jew Galicia, on
pr. are mines of
, and it produ-
r chocolate-nut j
ered with iV'^S*^
both corn and pa-,
he pleafantefl: and
ices uf Mexico.
G Duchy, a pr„
he cir. of Lower
I by the Baltic fea
:erania on the £.
the S. and by the
1, Lunenburg, and
; W. being about
60 broad. It is a
veil watered with
id extremely well
or a foieign trade,
)3l Hans to\\ns ly-
Ruftoclc, Wilmar,
: Duihy is iub. to
inburj:, who A]\i*
>ov\er of tjxing his
:aled to the Aulic
[tcimincd, that ac-
nftitution of that
ty and gentry could
a certain fum ;
£ D, Hituld icftoic
uftly taken away
fufing which, he
)niinions, and the
he gov. given to
:cree of the aulic
He was reflored
Iter, and on hi«
tice Frederic, the
cccdcd him,
t river, which rifos
er India, in Afin,
ingdoms of Laos
ling into the In-
[egrces N. lat. rp-
lof l^ulo Condor.
Icn. 6. lat. 3S.
[in, in the pr. of
jn the river Gua-
|f Merida.
a fmall pr. of
[d by Jemptci land
Jcthnic ^ulph on
ion the S. andW.
MiDENBiiCK,E.lon. 5.1at, 52. the Empire of Morocco, Algiers,
tfC. a port town of th^ Netherlands, Tunis, Tripoli, Barca, and Egypt,
iit. on the Zuyd-T fea, in the pr. of bounding it on the S, The fliait
Holland, xo m. N. of Hoorn. of Gibraltar, between Europe, and
Me6ia, the N.E. part of the Afia, being about 16 m. over, a
modern Pcrfia, in which the pr. of flrong current fits through it, nut
Atlcrbt'itzan, and fome of Cilan and of the Atlantic ocean, into the Mi-
E\rac Agem were comprehended j diterranean conftantly, which re-
the capital city whereof was Ecba- quires a good gale of wind to Horn
tana, the prefent Tauris. it; but whither thefe wateis run,
Medina Talmabi, E. Ion. or whether there be any fubtcrra-
40. 35. lat. 24. 30. a city of Arabia ncous pafFage to carry them ojT, it
beferta, fit. 2co m. N.W. of Mec- uncertain j fome imagine th('y cva-
ca, called the city of the Prophet, porate, or are attracted by the fun.
For here Mahomet was received and which is the reafon they never rile
protedled by the Inhabitants, when higher at one time than another j
he was driven trom Mecca, and here for they don't obferve a tide, but in
he was firft invefted with regal power \ fome few places of th? Mediterranean ,
and here is a magnificent molque or \\z. at Tunis, Mefiina, Venice, and
temple, in which is Mahomet's tomb, Ne»'r-ipont, and they are the moft
furiounded by a filver -gr^tc or pali- irri^^ - in the world at Negropont,
lade } but the ftory of his coffin being flow fome times of the niocn,
hiir.g up to the roof by a load(lone is 6 oi nmes in 24 hours,
t Yuliizr error. On Mahomet's flipht Mednick, E. Ion. 7.2. 15. lat.
from Mecca to this city, the Maho- 56. a city < f I'ola^d, in the pr. of
meran Kia commences, vir. 16 Jvily, Samogiiia, fir. 40 m, E. of Memel,
A. n. 622. Medway River, rifes in Afli-
Medina Celi, W. Ion. 2. 4;. down fotcft, in Sufl'ex, and taking
lat. 41. 20. a city of Spain, in the iti courfe generally N.E. pafles by
pr. ot Od Caftile, and ter. of Siguen-
ca, lit. 23 m. N.E. of Sipuenca.
MeniNA SiDONiA, W, Ion. 6.
10. lat. 36. 25. a city of Sp.iin, in
the pr. vt Andalulia, zo m. E, of
Caiiiz.
Meoina pel RioSecco, W.
Ion. 5. 20. lat. 42. 6. a c ty ol Spain
in the pr. of Leon, fie. 52 m. S. E.
of f.f-on.
Medina dKl Campo, Weft
Ion. 5 i^. lat. 41. ic. a city v(
Spain, in the pr. of Leon, 50 m.
N. E of Salamanca.
MrniTERRANEAN Sf, A, ex
tcnJs from the ftraits of Gi'oralnr
to the coads . f Syria and I'alcninc,
bcinLj upwa. Js of 2COc m. in U-ngth,
but of a V' ry unequal breadth. The
Weft part of it fipirating Europe
from Africa, and tht Levant, or Eaft
part of it, dividing Alia from Af-
rica, Spain, Fr.ince, Italy, Tuiky in
Europe, and Natolia, or the Leflcr
Afia, bounding it on the N, and
I'enfhurft, Turibridge, MaidHone,
and Roihefter, in K.ei,r, beyond
which, it is divided int.; 2 br;inthes
by the ifle f f Sht-ppy, the one called
the E. Svvalf, aod the ■ thtr the W.
Swalf. 'Ihc W, Swale, the chief
entrance in:o this river, is defended
by the loil ot Sheernefs. The E,
Swale lead"- 10 Mihon and Fevcr-
fliam, where thtre are the fined
oyiler filheries in the world j but
what this river if nioft confiderable
for, is its being the ftation for the
royal navy, m- ft of the fiift and
fecond rate mt-n of war being built
and laid up at the town of Chatham.
Megen, E. Ion. 5. 30. lat. 51.
55. a town ot Dutih Firab.mt, litt
on the river Maes, 10 m. S.W, cF
Nimeguen.
Meciers, E. Ion. 24. i» cj. lat,
47. 5. n town of Tranfilvania, fir.
30 m. N. of H rmanftit j fub. tJ
the houfc cf Auftria.
MsHAitN, a river of the Au-
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23 WIST MAIN STRIIT
WHSTIR, N.Y. MSSO
(716) •72-4503
4-
.<?
:\'
^V"^
Xi^
M E
M B
ilrian Nethetlands, wftich rifes in
the W. of the pr. of Namur, runs
E. thro' tliat counrry, and falls into
the Mnes, a little W. of Huy.
MeissKN, or Misma Mar-
^» I SATE, in Germany, In the cir.
•f Upper Saxony, is btundcd by the
D. of Sa«(>ny on the N. by Lufatia
en the £. by Bohemia en the S.
and by Thuringia on the W. Being
about ICO m. long, an<i 80 broad^
and fubjtd to the K. of Poland, as
He£lor of Saxcny. It is a fiuitful
country, producing corn and wine,
>vell fupplied with wood and water j
and in tbeit iiillrare rich mines : the
prople 4did to be the mofl hofpitable
in Germany. The capital city Dief-
den, at prefent.
Mr.issEN City, E. lott. 13.
^;. lat. 51. 15. once the r^pital of
Mifnla^ is fit. on the river Elbe, 10
m. N. of Drefden j in which the
£le£>or has a palace, and it is the
fee of a bifhnp.
MixAzzo, E. Ion.. 28. lat. 37.
ao. a town of Turky, in the I^Hcr
Afia, fit. on a bay of the Aichipc-
lago, 55 m. S. of Smyrna.
MxLCK, E. Jon. 15. ». lat. 48.
30. a town of Germany, in the
Lower Aufliia, fit. on the Danube,
47 m. W. of Vienna.
McLcoMB Re-CIS, W. Ion. 2.
33. lat. 50. 40. a borough town uf
Uorfetlhire, fit. on a bay of the £.
channel, 6 m. S. of Doicheflcr j
lends two members to parliament.
Mil BERT, £. Ion. 4. 40. lat.
^o. 55. a town of the AurtrianNe-
theriinds, ia the pr. of Brabant, lit.
2 m. S. of Louvain.
MsLOoar, E. Ion. 8. 50. lat.
54. 40. a tewn of Germany, in the
cir. of Lower Saxony, and D. of
HolAein, fit. near the German ocean,
ao m. N. of Gluckftat } fub. to
Demnaik.
MtLiAPooa, a city on the roaft
of CormandeJ, in India. Set St.
Thomas.
Mel I DA, E. loo. 18. 30. lat.
42. 30. an iftand in the guJpi) uf
Vcn.ce, fit. oa tbe coaft of Dal-
matia, a little S. of Ragufn,. to
which repubhc it is fub.
Me LINDA, £. Ion. 30. S. laf.
3. a port town of Zanguebar, in
Africa, lit. on the Indian ocean, 70
m. N. of Mombaze. It is the capital
of the pr. of Mclinda, ant of all
the Portuguefe fetllemcnts on that
coaA. It is a large populous cityi
in which the Fortuguefe have 17
churches, and 9 convents, and ware
houfes ftcred with European goods,
which they exchange with the na*.
tives for gold, elephants-teeth, flaves,
oHrich-fcaihers, wax, Guir.ca grain,
civet, amber- grcafe, aloes, fenna,
and other drugs. The country alfo
produces plenty of rice, fugar, co-
cos, plantains, and other tropical
fruits. Here is a good harbour,
defended by a citadel, and, 'tis faid,
the city, and the little ifland on
which it fiaads, contains 200,000
inhabitants, great part whereof are
Chriftians, the reft Negroes, who
have a king, as well as a religion, of
their own, but all in fome lubjedtion
to the Porluf ucfe,
IVIelli, E. Ion, 7. 5c. lat. 52,
2c. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Weftphalia, and bifti. of Ofna-
brug, fit. 10 m. S. E. of Ofnabrug
city J fub. to the Ele^ur of Cologn,
the prefent bi^.
Meller, a luke of Sweden, fur-
rounded by the provinces of Upland,
Sudermania, and Wcftmania, and
has a communication with the Baltic
fea, being 80 m. long, and 30 broad,
on the N. fide whereof ftanda the
capital city of Stockholm.
IVTF.LaiLA, V/, Ion. 3. lat. 35,
50. a port town of the coafl of B.ar«
bary, in the pr. of Pez, fit. 120 m.
S, W. of Oran ; fub. to Spain.
Melnick, E. Ion. 14. 5. lat.
50, 20. fit. at the confluence of ths
rivers Elbe and Muldaw, in the K*
of Bobcmit, 20 m. N. of Prague ;
fuh. to the houfe of iiuftria.
Melr tr or Melros, W. Inn*
«• 33. lat. 55. 32. a town of Scot-
land, in the county r>f Mers, and
c«ai|iti of Twccdaie, fit, on the S.
ME
M 6
die of the riVcrTwcedj 27 m,t. t,
ot Edinburgh.
Melton, W. Ion. 50 min. latt
51. 45. a market town of Leiceftcr-
IJiire, fit. 10 m. N.E. ofi.cicefter.
Melun, E, Jon. 2. 45. lat, 48.
30. a town of France, in the ifle of
France, fit. on the river Seyne, 25
xn. S.E, of Paris.
Membrillo, W. Ion. 7, lat.
39. 12. a town of Spain, in the pr,
ct Eiiretnadura, fit. 14 m. S. of
Alcantara.
MeMel, E. Ion. 21. 30. lat. 56.
a port town of Poland, in the pr, of
Ducal PrufTia, fit. on the Baltic fea,
70 m. N. of Koninglberg.
Memmingen, £. Ion. 10. 5.
lat. 48. a city of Germany, in the
ctr. of Suabia, fit, on the river llcr,
25 m. S. of Ulm.
Memphis, once the capital of
Egypt, in Africa, flood on the W.
fide of the river Nile, almoft eppofite
to Grand Cairo.
Men AN, ;• g>eat river of the fur-
ther India, in Afia, which rifing N.
of the K. of Siam, runs thro' that
K. from N. to S. pafl'cs by the city
of Siam, and falls into a bay of the
]n .ian ocean, below Bancock.
MENCHou,E.ion.4. 5o.lat.49.5.
a town of France, in the pr, of Chain>
pain, fit. 16 m. N. E. of Chalons.
Menpelsham, £. Ion. i. 12,
lar, 52. 22. a market town of Suf-
folk, fit. 16 m. £. of Bury.
Mendip Hills, in the co. of
Somcrfct, near the city of Wells, in
vhich are lead mines.
MtNCKEMA, a pr. of Afiatic
Turky, fit. on the N. E. part of the
Euxinc fea, between Georgia an 1 Cir-
cadia, where the 1 urks puichafe boys
and virgins to fill their ier.tglius.
Menin, E. Ion. 3. 8. lat. 50,
50. a little fortified town, fit. on
the river Lys, m the pr. of Flanderi,
and taken and retaken fevecal timet
in the late wars, but lall in the
year 1744, ^X ^^^ Frcncii, after 4
(iJ)s open trenchci. It ft»n<i8 8 m,
N. of Lifle } reOorrd to Aufirii at
Uie peace of Aix-U-Chapclic, r;48.
Mentz Elector ATI, in the
cir. of the Lower Rhine, in Ger-
many, is bounded by Wetteravia and
Herte on the N. by Franconia and
the pal. of the Rhine on the S.
and by the Ele£torat- of Tiicrs on
the W. fub. to the Elet^tor of McnlZ,
being 50 m. long, and 20 bioaJ,
but there are fevcral other tcrriioiics
in Germany, which belong to this
E!<*ftorate.
Mentz City, E. Ion. S. lat.
50. the capital city of the Eledtorate
of Mentz, fit. at the confluence of
the rivers Rhine and Maine, 20 m*
W, of Francfort, and 25. N. of
Worms. It is a large populous city,
the public buildings magnificent, but
the private houfes mean, and the
fortifications of no great ftrength.
M^oTis Pal us, is a fea of
Turkey, which divides Europe from
Afia, extending from Crim Tartar/
to the mouth of the river Don, or
Tanais, being about 200 m. long,
and 100 broad, to which there i\ no
other pafTage than thro* the firaits of
Kaffa, from the Black fea ; of both
which feas the Turks have the fcle
navigation, fince the demolition of
the fortifications of Afoph, ut the
mouth of the river Don.
Mefpin, E. Ion. 7. lat. 52. 55.
a city of Germany, in the dr. of
Wefiphalia, and biHi. of Munfier,
fit. 50 m. N. of Munfier city.
MEQ.UENENCA, 5 min. W. Ion.
lat. 41. 20. a city of Spain, in the
pr. of Arr.igon, fit, near tlic con-
fluence of the rivers £bro and Segra,
50 m. S. E. of Saragoira,
MxQ^uiNEz,W. Ion. 6. lat. 34.
a city of Fez, in the empire of Mo-
rocco, fit. 60 m. S. W. of the city
of Fee, fomctimes the reiidcnce ijf
the Emperor.
Mr RAN, or Mot AN, E. Ion. it«
15. lat. 46. 40. a rity of Germany,
in the Cir. of Aufliia, and co. uf
Tyrol, fit. on the river A^ige, 3^
m. N of Trent.
Msas, W. Ion. t. 25. lat. 5T.
16. a markut town of Wi;tlh)te, 20
m. W« ut'balilbuiy.
Y 3 Mcacc
m
M E
M E
Mir EC, E. Ion, 14. lat. 54. a
towii ef Poland, in tlie pr. oi Litkua-
aia, lit. at the confluence of the
/ivers Berezina and Mcrec, jo m.
N. of Gruilno.
MERCENTHSIKiK ScC MaH-
« I N T H E I M ,
Merida, W. loD. 6. 32. lat.
3S. 55. a city of Spain, in the pr.
of hlhemadura, fit. on the river
Guadiana, 47 m, S. E. of Alcan-
tara.
Merida, W. Ion. 90. 32. lat.
ai. 35. a city of Mexico, in North
America, in the pr. of Jucatan, fit.
40 m. S. of the ocean, and 130 m.
N. E. of Campeachy city.
Merionethshire, aco.ofN.
"Wales, bounded by Carnarvon and
Denbigh/hire on the N, by Mont-
Sumciyflilre on the S* E. and by the
IriA fea on the W,
MxRK, a river of the Aaftrian
Ketherlands, which tifes in the pr.
•f Brabant, and running N. by Breda,
aftecwards turns W. and falls into
the fea, oppofite to the ifland of
Cverfkckee, in Holland.
ME:iNs,aco. of Scotland, bound-
ed by Mar 00 the N. by the German
«ccan on the £. by An|:ua on the Sk
and by Gewry on the W,
Mero, E. Ion. 94. lat. ij, a
towo pf the Further India, in ATia,
fit. in'the K.. of Pegu, iBo m. W.
of Pegu city.
Mkrs, a CO. of Scotland, bound-
etl by Lothian oa the N. by the Ger-
inan ocean on the £. by Nurihum-
^rland and Tiviotdale on the S. and
ky Tweedale on the NV.
MERsnujio, E. lun. iz, 14, lat,
51. 25. a city of Germany, in the
iir. of Upper Saxony, and jnar. of
Mifnia, Ct. on the liver Sola, 16
jn. N. W. of Leiphc j (u^, to a.F.
•t thj; houfe of Saxony* ' T . '' ]
MeasruEC, £. Ion. 9. 20. lat.
^7. 45. a city uf Germany, in the
iir. of Suabia, and bift. of Con-
Aancc, lit. on the N. fide of the
Jake of V'wnrtance,. 8 m, N. E, of
th^t iity 'f the crdiniry rcCddKC of
the bj(h* of CvniUnrc,
Mertola,. W. l«n.. ?► 15. ht,
37. 35. a town of Portu;.'al, in the
pr. of Alcntejo, fit. on the E. ikie
of the river Guadiana, 55 m. S. ot*
Eburj, or Evoia.
Merue, the N. branch of phe
river Mue?, near its mouth, on which
the city of Rotterdam, in Holland,,
is fituated.
Merville, E. Ion. 2. 36. lar,
50^ 40. a town of the French Ne-
tberlands, in the pr. of Flanders^
near the confines of Artois, fit. on
the river Lys, 24 m, S. W, of Me-
nin.
Mesched, or Tmu»,^ E. Ion*.
57. 30. lat. 36. a city of Perfia in
Afia, in the pr, of ChoratTan, fit.
I20 m. S. £. of the Cafpian fea,.
and 600 m. S. W. of Boshara, lateJy
the refidence of Kouli-Kban and the.
court of Perfia.
Misekn, £. Ion. 46. lat. 66..
cap. of the pr. of Mefeen, in RulTia,.
a port town, fit. on the £. coall of
the White fea, 150 m. N, E, of
Archangel.
Me s o r o T A M I A, the anticnt
kame of the pr. of Diarbecic, iiv
Afiatic Turky, fit. between the ri-
vefs Euphrates and Tigris, called in
fcripture Padan^Aram*
M^sSAsrrri, or Meschasip-
PI, a country of N. Aaierica, bound.
ed "by Canada on the N. the British
plantations on the E. the gulph of
Mexico on the S. and the pr. of
New Mexico on the W.
Messasippi Riter, which
gives the name to the country, rifei
in Canada, and runs to tbe fouth-
ward, till it foils into the gulph of
Mexico. It is a large navigable ri*
vcr, faid to run above 2000 w.
to which, as well as the adjacent
country, the Freach by claim, and
have pofTelTed themfelvcs of pait of
the country, ever fince the year
1712^ giving tho river the name of
St. Louis, and the country the name
of' Louifiana, and have made grtnt
elTorts towards planting it, as it is
a moft fVuitl\il and drfu.ible ountr),
«f vaA cxteat j thu' the £. patt of
■>^M
^
-i. .-tafe^.
M E
M E
Jt, in reality, belongs to Gre.it-
Britain, and tbeW. to the Spaaiaiiis,
v^'ho have planted paic of tbcfe coun-
tries long iince, and are every d.iy
exienJing their lettlcments into it.
The French niftd the expectations
of tbetr people fu high, in relatica
to the ioimenfe riches that were to
be acquired by planting it, in the
year 1719, that every one was ready
to throw his nioney into the flocks j
which the coinpany fold at upvvaruS
oi 2000 per cent, but the gov em-
inent feized moft of the money, and
the adventurers were ruined ; which
put a flop to the planting this coun-
try, at that time, but it has been
encouraged finer, and if the Engli/h
don't oppofe their cnaroachments„
before tbey arc grown too powerful
on that fide, they arc like to be very
troublefome neighbours to the Btltiih
plantations.
Messina, I., ton* 15. 40. lat.
38. 30. a city anl port town of Sicily,
in the pr. of Valdemona, fit. on the
ftrait, or faro o( Mirfiina, 13 m. W,
of Reggio> in Calabria, and 13 S.
of tape Faro, the N. £. pomr, or
promontory, «f Sicily. Jt has a fe-
cure and commodious harbour, the
city lying betwCiO tbt harbour and
the mountains. It is de/endeJ by a
ftrong calllCi and other forts, but the
town itlelf is net Arong j however
it is large and populous, and the
grcatcH town of trade in the idand.
'J he merchandize brought from
thence, being chieAy filk, cil, and
fruit } and it furniihes Italy with
corn^ of which they have great plenty,
as well as excellent wine.
McsmE, T" Ion. iz. 5c. lat.
45* 3S* *' town of Italy, in the
Dogailo of Venice, fit. 16 m. N. E.
0) Padua.
Mr.TitLiN, S'C LrsBos.
MtTH WOULD, E. ion. yi m\a,
lu. ^2. 36. a market town of Nor-
tolk, fit. i<j rn. W. of Thetfoid.
Mr.Tr.iNc, E. Km. 16. Ut. 46.
5. a city of the D. of Carniola, in
%bc cir. of Av^Hria^ lit, o<) the ti.vt^
Gulp, 55 m. S. E, of Laubach, be-
ing the capitdl of Windilmark.
MtTz, E. Ion. C. lat. 49. 1^^
a city of CJcrtTiany, in the I), of Lur-
rain, capital of the B. of Merz, fit,.
30 m. N. of N'ancy j Tub. to France.
MiYAT, a pr. of India, in Afla,
North of Beiig;a', having the river
Ganges on the W.
Meulun, E. ion. 2, lat. <9, a
town of France, fit. on the nver
Seyne, 15 m. N. W. of Paris.
Meuhs, E. ion. 6. 5. lat. 51^
21. a town of Germany, in the cir,
of Weffphalia, and D. of Clevc, nt»
on the river Rhine, 15 m. N. of Duf-
feidorp ; fub. to Pruiria.
JVIeusk RivF.R, SceM.\EsE,
. Mexico, which 260 years ago
was a potent and extcnfivc empire iiv
America, is now a province of Spain,,
and has obtained the name of New
Spajn..
It if divided into Qto and New
Mexico.
Old Mexico is fituate between
83 and 116 devices cf W. k-n. and
between 8 and aS degrees of N. lat*
boyoded by New Mexico, cr Graaadj,
on the N. by th<; gtiJph of Mexico
on the N.. E. by *l'erra Firma on the
S. E. and by the Pacific oceu.ion the
S. W. being upwards of 20C0 ni.
long, and I rem 6c to 6ao bro^d.
It is generally a mJuntainoiH
couxjtry, high hills runn'ng fbroa.K
it from the S. E. to the N. W.
The higheft mountains are near
the ^oaft of the Pacific ocean, many
of them V4)lcano'3. The eaflern
Ihore is a flat level country, abcund-
ing in bogs an.i moralfcs, and over-
flowed in the rainy feafon, but fo
covered witli thickets of BamUiu
cane, ^fangroves, and buTies, that
ttie log^Nuod cutteu are forced to
make th^ir waj through it with
their hatchets. 1 he hills between
the mountains and the fiat country
are bert inhabired, and there the ait
is moA tcmperitr. Within the tie-
pic of Cancel they have tiicir aanual
{oiotlical lA.RSf liftd wi*en the luii
j«.r I.,
i -
M E
M fi
it rertical, is their cooleft feafon j
the fun being obfcur'd by clouds,
and the flat country under water,
their fair weatlier is when the fun is
in the fouthern figns, at the greateft
diftance from tlicm.
The time of planting Indian-corn
and rice is in May and June, when
the rains bce.m, .nd they reap in
October or Nv^vember, when the
fair feafon commences : The fprings
and rivers are very low in March and
April, and the beginning of May j
the country then affords neither
grafs or herbage, unlefs it is water'd,
but the trees are always green, and
their fruit-trees bloflbm and bear
almofl all th^ year round.
Their fruit trees arc the Cabbage-
tree, the cacao, or chocolatc-nut,
venella's, plantains, pine-apples, co-
co's, fapadillo's, avagato pears, mam-
mee trees, guava's, prickle pears,
oranges and lemons, &c. with a great
variety of gums and drugs. Their
forcfl: trees are cedar, logwood, man-
chineal, bamboe, mangroves, mahoe,
whitcwoodj &c.
There were neither horfes, neat
cattle, camels, elephants, {keep,
hogs, goats, afles, or ^ogs, except
feme little dumb dogs, uiuil the
Europeans imported them j but they
bad lions, tygers, bears, elks-deer,
moofe, pecaice, warree, bcavcrs,
opofTums, armadillos, guanoes, and
flying fquirrels, racoons, crocodiles,
manatee monkeys, parrots, macaws,
pelicans, cormorants, and a variety
of fnakts, fccrpions, and infefts,
among which the cochineal is the
mofl valuable.
Tlie prefcnt inhabitants of Mexico
are i. native Indians. 2. Spaniards,
3. Crioli, the defcendants of Spa-
niards, 4. Metces, 5. Negrjc;, and
6. Mulattoes.
Mexico is governed by a SpaniA
viceroy, who a^s as defpotlcally as
any Prince in Europe. It is divided
into three audience<;, where their
fupreme courts of judicature are
lield, viz: X. The audience of Gaa-
^lajarra, or New Calicia, the uigft
northern divifionr 1. The aud'encC
of MexicA Proper, which is the mid-
dle divifion j and, 3. Tlie audience
cf Cuatimala, the moft fouthern
divifion : and each of thefe audiences
is again fubdividcd into feveral pro.
vinces, which will be found under
their refpeftive heads. Their forces
by fca or land are not formidable,
and they have but few fortified
towns J their beft fea-ports have
been taken and plundered by an in-
confiderable number of Buccaniers,
and their territories are too exten-
fjvc to be defended in every part.
The revenues of the crown are
vaftiy great, arifing from the king's
5th of gold and filter, from the
excife and other duties, and coftoms,
and from the rents and fei^es, by
which all the lands are h||l^of the
crown.
The ancient Mexicans wor/hipped
one fupreme God, the planets, and
departed heroes, and, according to
the Spaniards, facrificed men.
The prefent inhabitants are obliged
to protefs popery on pain of the in-
quifition, and the Spanifh clergy are
very numerous, as well as monks
and nuns ; but the chief dignities in
church and ftate are conferr'd on
native Spaniards, and not given to
the Crioli, defcended from them.
Thefe are hardly ufed by the Spa-
niards, and very little truHed, and
would fcarce oppofe any European
power that fhould invade their coun-
try.
Mexico city, W. Ion. 103.
lat. 20. the metropolis of New Spain
at prelcnt, and anciently of the em-
pire of Mexico, is fituate in the
middle of a fpacious lake, and can'
not be approach'd but by caufc)*
cf a great length ; it is of a fquare
figure, about fix miles in circum-
ference, and vafily populous, udmir'd
for its fpacious firects and fquares,
the beauty of its buildings, the cuol-
nefs of the fituation in this hot cli-
mate, and its natural Arcngth. It
is an archbiihopric, and contains 29
moMftcriet, aa nunneries, and a
gtcat
M I
M I
irreat Rumbcr of parochial churches }.
l^Ht fhe Spaniards and Crioli do not
iriakc a tenth part of the inhabi-
tants, the other nine are either Ne-
groes and Mulattoes that have ob-
rain'd their freedom, or a tnix'd
brerd of Spaniards and Indians.
Mexico new, including Cali-
fornia, is fltuate between loo and
J 40 degrees of W. lon» and between
the tropic of Cancer and 48 degrees
of N. lat» boumded by unknown
lands on the N. by Florida on the
E. by 0!d Mexico on the S. and
by the Pacific ocean on the W. a
temperate fruitful country, and a-
bcunds in rich filver mines^ ef >\ hich
the chief are thofe of St. Barbe }
tlie capital city Sta. Fe, W» lon.iio.
lat. 36^
Mezikbks, E, Ion. 4. 40, lat.
4q. 55. a town of France, in the pr.
of Champaign, fit. on the river
Maes, 10 m, N. W. of Sedan.
Michael. See Mount St.
MlCHAIL.
M.IDD1.EBURG, F. Ion, 3. 18.
lat. 51. 17. a caftle of Auftrian Flan-
ders, fir. 8 m. N. £. of Bcuges.
MiODLEBtriG,. £. Ion. 3. 30.
lat. 51. 33. the capital city of the
ifland of Walcherin, and of the pr.
of Zeland, in the United Piovinces,
fit. 26 m. N. £. of Bruges. It is a
large well-built city, and having a
communication with the fea, by a
navigable canal, has a great foreign
trade.
MiDDLEHAM, OrMlDHAM, W.
lat. I. 36. lat. 54. 15. a market
town of the N. riding of Yorkfliire,
fit. 30 m. N. W. of York.
Middlesex, a co. of England,
in which London, the metropolis,
Aands, is bounded by Hertfordihire
on the N, by the river Lea, which
divides it from EfTcx, on the E. by
the river Thames, which feparates
it from Surrey on the N. and by the
brook Coin, which divides it from
Bucks, on the W. being 24 m. long,
and 14 broad, one of the leafl coun-
ties but the richeft, and pajs more
taxes than any 10 ccuntics of Fng*
land, if we comprehend London.
MlDDlEWtCH, W. Ion. 2. ^o.
lat. 53. 13. a market town of Che-
fljire, fit. 15 rt. R. of Chefter.
Mjdhurst, W. Ion. 50 min,
lat. 51. a borough town d Sufl'ex,
(it. 10 m. N, of Chichcfter j- fends
2 members to parliament.
Milan uucrv, in Italy, bound-
ed by Switzerland on theN. by the
ter. of Venice and the Duchies of
Mantua and Parma en the £. by the
Appenine mountains, which fcparnts
it from Genoa, en the S. and by
Piedmont on the W. being about
80 ro. in length, and 60 in breadth,
well watered with lakes and rivers,
a temperate air, and the whole
country one fruitful plain, almofV,
abounding with corn, wine, and de-
licious fruits, intermixed with great
numbers of fine towns and villages^
and fub. to the hcufe of Auflria.
Milan city, E. Ion. 9. 30.
lat. 45. 25. the capital of the Mila.
nefe, in Italy, fit. on the rivert
Olana, and Lomhrc, 250 m, N. W»
of Rome, and loo m. N. E.ci Tu-
rin. The city is of a round form,
10 m. in circumference, containing
300,000 inhabitants ; it is furround.
ed by a waJl, and other modern for-
tifications, which would require af>
army to defend them } lut the citadel
is one of the ftronge.t fortrefTes in
Italy, and the town contains' a gieat
many fpacious ilrcets and fquares^
elegantly built. Their manufafturcs
are chiefly fjlk, brocade, and other
rich fluS's ; their works of Reel and
cryflal much admired, and their
artificers fuch excellent aitiHs, that
they feem to have monopolized the
trade of that part of Italy, and art
accordingly eAeemed a rich and
thriving people. The Milancfc it
fub. to the hcufe of Auftria, who
have a Vicar-Gcneral, or Viceroy,
in this city j and the revenues of
this Duchy are computed to am<junt
to 300,000 1. per annum. 1 he civ4
government it lodged in a rcnaf,
. . but
M I
MI
bttt fubje£V to the controul of the
Viceroy ; and the feveral cities and
iiftridls of Milan are governed by
their own mapiftrates, fub. to the like
controu!. Milan is the fee of an arch-
bi(hop. ( Some teiiritories of th»Mi-
lanefe were ceded by the Emprefs to
the K. of Sardinia for his ferviccs in
the lute wars. See Moll's maps.
MiLLAZzo, or MeLAZ70, E.
Ion. k;. 5. lat. 3??. 36. a port town
of Sicily, in the pr. of Val Demona,
fit. on a promontory of the Mediter.
ranran fca, ;jom. N.W. of Meffina.
MiLBORN PORT, W. Ion, 2. 32.
lat. i;i. 5. a borcugh town of Somer-
fctfliire, fit. 25 m. S. of Bath, fends
two members to parliament.
MiLDENHAi.L, E. Inn. 36 min.
lat. 52. 25. a market town of Saf-
folk, fit. 10 m. N.W. of Bury.
MlLFORD-HAVEN, W. loH. J.
lat. 51. 46. the mod fecure and
commodious harbour in Gre.it-BH-
tain, fit, on a biy of the IriiTi fej,
in the S. W. part of Pembrokefliire,
in Wales, at the north entrance of
Bnftol channel.
Mil LAND, or MiLHANn^ E.
Ion. 2. ^o. lat. 44.. (;. a town of
France, in the pr. of Giiiennc/and
ter. of Rovergne, fit. r,n the river
Tarn, 60 m. N. W. of M'>ntpelier.
MiLO, or Met.©, E. Ion. 25.
Lit. 36. 30. 0!\e of the iflands of
the Archipelago, fit. 60 m. N. of
Candia,
Miltenbebc, E. Ion. 9. lat.
49. 46, a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Francnnin, fit. on the S. fide
of the river Maine, 18 m. S. of
Afchaftenberg.
Milton, W. Ion. 2. 28. lat.
50. 50, a market town of Dorfet-
jhire, fit. 12 m. N.E. of Dorchefti'r,
Milton, E. Ion, 50 mm. lat.
51. 25. a market town of Kent, fit.
on the eaftern branch of the Med-
way, oppofite to the ifle of Sheppy,
12 m. N. of Maidftiine.
MiNCio, orMcNzo, a river of
Italy, rifing in the lake de la Garda,
runs S, tlirough th: D. of Mantua^
difcharging itfelf into the Po i\
Borgo- forte.
Mindanao, the largeft of the
Philippine ifiands, in the Pacific
ocean, except Luconia, is fit. be*
twecn 120 and 126 degrees of "E,
Ion. and between 5 and 10 degrees
of N. lat. having the reil of the
Philippine iflands on the N. and
Celebes, or MacafTcr, and the Mo-
lucca iflands on the S. This ifiand
is not fub, to the Spaniards, as the
refl of the Philippines are, but moft
of the people are Mahometans, and
fub. tp a Muhomftjn Prince, called
the Sultan of Minhnao. 'I'hofe
who inh:^bit the middle of the coun-
try are Pagans, and under another
goirernment, being called Hilanons,
And thee is a third nation on the
N. W. part of the iflartd, called
Soloj»ues. There are good harboMrl
in the ifland, and the nntives build
fhips and trade to Borneo and Manilla
with the- Dutch, exchanging their
gold, rice, fago, bees-wax, and to-
bacco, for calicoes, muflin, and China
filks. The fago is the pith of a tree,
which the natives eat inftead of
bread J they have alfo plantains, co-
cos, and other tropical fruits : and
Dampier aflures us he faw nutmegs
and cloves grow in the ifland j which
would be worth the while of the
En^lifli to enquire after.
MiNDELHEIM, E. lon. 10. 32.
lat. 48. a city of Germany, capital
of the pr. of Mindtlheim, in the cir.
of Stiabi 1, fit. 33 m. S. E. of Ulm.
MI^DE^HEIM PRiNCip. is fir.
in Suabia, between the bifhopric of
Augfljurg, and the abbacy of Ksmp-
ten, bfing i8 m. long, and 15 broa.l,
and was c-^nferred on the D. of Marl-
borough by the Emperor, for deli-
vennt^ the Empiie from ther enemies
the French and Bavarians, by the
vidlory obtained over them at Hoch-
ftet, anno 1704.
MiNDEN, E. Ion. 8. 40. lat. 52.
25. a cifcy of Germany, in the cir.
of Weftphalia) capital of the D. of
MindcD, fit, 40 m. W, of Hanover,
M I
M O
iiains, CO"
which, with the ter. about It, is fubt
to the K.. of Pruflia,
MiNDoaA, one of the Philippine
iflands, in Afu, Jie$ S. W. of the
idand of Luconia, from which it ia
fcparated by a narrow channel, and
it fub. to Spain.
MiNEHEAD, W. Ion. 3. 40. lat.
^I. iS. a borough and port town of
Somcrfctfhire, lit. on BriHol chan-
nel, 21 m.W. of Bridgwater 5 fendi
two members to parliamcht.
MiNGRELiA. See MengrE"
tIA.
MiNHO, a great river of Spain,
rifcs in the N. E. of the pr. of Gali-
cia, and running S.W. through that
pi. palles by Lugo, Ortenfc, and
Tjy ; then dividing Gilicia from
Purcugal, falls into the Atlantic
ocean at Caminha, to the northwaid
of Viana.
MiNiATO, E. Im. II. 40. lat.
43. 50. a town of Italy, in the D.
ot Tufcany, fir. on the river Arno,
15 m. W. of Floience.
Minorca, an ifland in the Me-
diterranean fca, Cv, almoft ico m.
S. of the coafl of Catalonia in Spain,
and about 20 m. E. of the ifland of
M jorca, and is 30 m. long, and zz
broad, incumbered with barren hills,
and only valuable for its fccure and
capacious harbour of Port Mahon.
The only town of any confequence
is that of CitadcUa, at the W. end
of the ifland j and Port- Mahon, at
the E. It was reduced by the
Engliih, during their war with
Spain, a'ino 170S ; and confirnned
to them by the peace of Utrecht,
anno 1713. See Port-Maon, or
M.iHON.
MiNSKi, E. Ion. 17. 30. lat. 54.
30. a City of Poland, in the D. of
Lithuania, capital of the pal. of Mm-
Iki, (it. 70 m. S. E. of Wilna.
Miranda de Dooro, W. Ion.
6. 45. latj 4X. 30. a city of Portu-
gal, in the pT. of Tralos Montes,
'it. on the river Douro, near the
confines of Lecn, 20 m, S, gf. Bra-
Sanza,
MiiA>j.'>A Dt E«R©, W. Ion.
3. 30. iat^ 43. a town of Spain,
in the pr. of Old Caftile, fit. o»
the river Ebro, 41 m. N. E, of
Bourgos. r
MlRANUOLA, E. Ion. II. 25,
lat. 45. a city of Italy, in the D. of
Mjdena, fit. t6 m. N. of Modena
city.
Mimecour, E. Ion. 6. lat. 48.
28. a town of Lorrain, lit. 22 m. S,
of Nancy, fob. to France.
MiKEPOix, E. Ion. I. 30. lat.43,.
15. a city of L^nguedoc, in France,
capital of the ter. of Mircpoix, fit.
on the river Lcrj, 32 m, S. E. of.
Touloufe J the lie of a biih,
MiSITIIRA. See LACEDfMON,
MiSMA. See Meissen.
MiTiAU, E. Ion. 24. lat. 56.
40. the capital of the D. cf Cour-
land, in the K. of Poland, fub. to
the D. of Courland.
Moco, or MocHo, E. Ion. 45.
lat. 13. a great city and pert town.
of Arabia F«lix, in Alia, fit. near
the Ihaits of Balmiandel, at the en-,
trance of the ReJ Tea, 500 m. S,
of Mecca. It is the capital of a
kingdom, and tolerably well built.
Hither merchants refort from all
parts of the world, ro piirchafe their .
c 'B^ce J it ii ot late planted in feveral
otl^er couiuriis.
MoDBtKV, W. Ion. 4. 15. lat,
50. 25. a market town of Devon,
fit. "32 m. S. W . »' Exeter.
MonENA Dwc ' v, lit. in Italy,.
being bounded by A untua on the N,
by Romania on cne E. by Tufcany
and Lucca on iho S. aiid by Parma
.ind the ter. of Genoa on the W.
It is a pleafant fruitful ountry, a- '
bounding in filk, corn, wine, rich
pirtures, and delicious fruiis } nnd'
fub. to the D. of Modtna j I ul the
contending armies frtquent', y take
podeflion of his towns, wh.n they
are fuperior in the field. His re.
venues arc computed to amount to.
100,000 1. per aiiii. James Duke of
York, aftei wards K. of England,
muiicd the Fiincels Mary, fifit-r of
the
M O
M O
the Duke of Modena, anno 1673 ;
to which match the misfortune* of
skat monarch are frequently afcribed.
The Chevalier is her fon.
ModenaCity, £. Ion. ic.io.
lat. 44^. 45. the capital of the D. of
Modena, fit. 40 m. S. of Mantua,
and 20 N. W. of Bologna, lit. in a
pleafant fruitful country, but not well
built, or very populous ; b«t the {*.
refldes in a moft magniAcent palace,
and lives in as gr«at ftate ('tis faid)
as any monarch in Europe.
MouiCA, £. Ion. 15. lat. 37. a
town of Sicily, in the pr, of Noto,
25 m. S. of Syracufe.
MoooN, £. Ion. ai. 30. lat. 37.
a city and port town of European
Turky, in the pr. of Marea, At. lO
m, W. of Coron.
Moguls, or Monguls, hords
•r tribes of vagrant Tartars, on the
N. of India, in Afia, from whom
the Moguls of India are defcended,
as well as the Ufbec Tartars.
Moguls TAN. See India and
Indostan,
MoHATS, E« Ion. 20. lat. 46.
»6. a town of the Lowei Hungary,
fit, on the river Danube, 17 nu N.
W. of ElTcck i fub. to the houfe of
AuOria.
Mohawk Country, obc of
the five nations of the Iroquois, in
alliance with the Englifli, is fit. in
N, America, between the pr. of New
York and the Jake Ontario^ or Fron-
tignac.
. MoHiLA, £, Ion. 43. 30. S. lat.
12. one of the Comora iflands in the
Indian ocean, fit. between the con-
tinent of Africa and Madagafcar^
where fiiips (bound for Bombay and
the coaii of Malabar) touch for re-
fie(hmeats in their voyage to the £.
Indies.
MoHiLOW, or MojGXLoria city
of Poland, in the pr. of Lithuania^
zai pal. of Miciflaw, fit. on the river
N leper, 50 m. S. of Orfa.
Mo LA, E. Ion. 17. 50. lat. 41.
$. a town of Italy, in iixt K., of
Naples, and tex* de Banri^ fit. on
fhe gulph of Venice, 7 nit E. of tkc
city of B»rri.
Moldavia, a pr. of European
Turky, bounded by the river Neifter,
which divides it from Poland, on the
N. E. by BdTarabia on the E. bf
the Danube, which feparates it from
B'jtgaria on fhe S. and .by Walachia
and Tranfilvania on the W. being
240 m. long, and 150 broad ; fit. in
a good air and fruitful foil, producing
corn, wine, rich paftures, a good breed
of liorfes, oxen and -fheep, plenty of
venifon game, fiHi and fowl, and all
European fruits ; and is well water-
ed with the rivers Danube, Pruth,
Neifter, Sec. the capital city Jafly,
The inhabitants are Chriftians of the
Greek church, and have been tribu-
tary to the Turk ever fincc die year
1574. The Turk appoints them a
Prince, who is a native of the coun-
try, but has no regard to any parti-
cular line or family ; but very oftes
chufes fome worthlefs creature, whum
he makes his tool, to fqueeze and
opprefs the people. Befidei the year-
ly tribute, which is very large, he
obliges them to raife a great body of
troops, at their owi^ expence, when-
ever he takes the field.
Mole, a river in Surry, which
obtained its name firom running un-
der.ground.
Mol:na,W. Ion. 2. 22. lat. 41,
a city of Spain, in the pr. of New
Caftile, fit. on the river Molina, 85
1x1. N.E. of Madrid.
MoLisE, E.lon. 15. 35. lat. 41.
40. a city of Italy, in the K. of
Naples, capital of the ter. of Molife,
fit. 50 ffl. N. £. of Naples city.
MoLLKN, £. Ion. 10. 30. lat.
54* a town of the D. of Lawenburg,
in the cir« of Lower Saxony, in Ger*
many, fit. 16 m« N. of Lawenburg
city.
Molucca Inlands, confid of
Bachian, Machian, Motyr, Tcrnate,
and Tydor ; and are fit. in the In*
dian ocean, in Afia, in 125 degrees
of £. Ion. afld between 50 min. S.
and 1 degrees N, lat. The largeft
of
I
U o
M O
of them {carce 30 m. in circumferr . whejnce It is feparated by a narrow
cncc. They pr^uce r. thp corn, channel, fub. to Dsnmark.
rice, or cattle, except goats. They
have, ho\l»ever, fago bread, oranges,
lemons, and feme other fruits : but
what is peculiar to thefe iflands, an<J
in return for which they are fur-
ni/fecd with the pro<fuce of every
other country, is their cloves, which
Monaco, £. iun. 7. iS. lat. 43*
53. a port town of Italy, in the ter»
of Genoa, fit, 10 xp. E. of Nice,
fub. tQ the Prince of Monaco, who
is a fub. of.France.
MoNACHAN, a CO. of Ireland>
in the pr.'of Uifter, bounded by Ty-
grow upon trees refembiing bay- trees, rone on the N, Armagh on the E
the fruit growing in clufters, like by Cavan and Louth on the St and
bunches of grapes. The Portuguefe by the co, of Fermanagh on the \V,
and Spaniards were the firft jEUro- Monbrison, or Monthri-
peans that found the way to thefe son, E. Ion. 4. lat. 45. 38. a town
iflands } the Portuguefe by the E. of France, in the pr. of Lionois, and
and the Spaniards by the W, The ter. of Forez, fit. 37 m. S. W. of
Etijlirti and Dutch afterwards traded Lyons,
with the natives J but the Dutch, in Moncalier, E. Ion. 7, ao. lat,
the reign of K.JainesI, drove every 44. 50, a town of Italy, in the ter,
orher nation from thence, ere£led of Piedmont, fit. on the river !'<;,
fortrcfTca upon therii, and eradicated 5,m. S. of Turin, fub. to the K.. of
the cloves there, planting them in Sardinia.
the adjacent ifland of Amboyna,
where they have made thelnfelves
too ftrong to be attacked by any
power with fuccefs. But, if the
Dutch could tranfplant the cloves to
other iflands> it is amazing that the
EngUfli, or fome other nation, do
not imitate them, but fufTer the
Dutch to monopolize that invaluable
fpice.
MoLwiTz, E. Ion. 16. 45. latr
(;o. 26. a town of Silefia, in the K,
of Bohemia, and pr. of Grotika, fit.
40 m. S. of Breflaw, where the Pruf-
fians obtained a viftory over the Au-
llrians, March 30, 1741.
MoMBAZA, or MONBASA, E.
Ion. 48, lat. 4. a city and illand on
the E. coaft of Africa, oppofite tot
the country of Mombaza in Zangiie-
MoNcoN, under the meridian of
London, lat. 41. 44, a town of Spain,
in the pr, of Arragpn, fit. on the ri-
ver Cinca, 50 m. N. E. of SaragofTa.
MoNcoNTouR, W. ion. a. 36,
Is^^ 48. zz. a town of France, in
the pr. of Brltany, fit. 30 m. S. W.
of St, Malo.
Monde GO, a river of Portugal,
which runs from E, to W. thro' the
pr. of Beira j and hjvin^g pafliid by
the city of Coimbra, falls into the
Atlantic ^ oc^n^ 3^ >^' bdow .that
city, -.i ,1 '.iri*; *,. .,'«* .-... r,-M !,-»
MoNDONNEDo, \^, lon, S. lat.
43. 30. a city of Spain, in the pr. of
Galicia, fit. 70 m, N. E. of Com-
pofiella.
MoNDiDi3R, E. Ibn. %, 3S, lat.
49. 40. a town of France, in the pr.
bar, 70 m. S. of Melinda, fub. to of Picardy, 18 m. S. of Amiens,
Portugal. MoNDOvi, E, Ion. 7. 5c. lat,
Mombaza, a fub-dlvifion t)f 4A. 35, a ci.ty of Italy, in the ter.
Zanguebar, a country fub. to the Per- of Piedmont, fit. 33 m. S. E, of.Tu-
tuguefe, which furnilhes them with rin, 25 m, N. E, of Coni, and 35
flaves, gold, ivory, rice, flefli, vid m. N.W. of Oneglia.
other provifioi)s, with which they Monemugx, a country in the
lupply their plantations in Brafi^, &c. S, of Africa, fit. between Angola and
MoNA, E. Ion. 12. 30. lat. 55, Zanguebar, of which we have little
20. an iiland in the Baltic fea, fit. knowledge.
ii. W. of the ifland of Zeiandj from Monfortx, W. Ion. B. iat. 39.
M O
M O
a town of Portugal, in the pr. of
Alrntejo, fit. 13 m. S. of Portelegrc.
MoNKOKTE, W. Ion. 7. 38. lat.
39, 20. a town of Portugal, in the
pr. of Beira, fit. 33 m. N.E. of
Portelfgre.
MoNCAT5. Sec MuNCATS.
MoNGur., or Mogul, a part of
Tartary, lies N. of India and Perfia.
Tamerlane, one of the Mogul Pr.
conqueied India, and Pcrfia, and from
him the prefcnt Great Mogul, or
Emperor of India, is deftended. Sa-
nercand, in Ufbec Tartary, was the
ancient feat of their empire.
MoNiKF.DAM, E. lon.4. 50. lat.
52. 30. a town of the United Ne-
therlands, in the pr. of Holland, lit.
en the Zuyder fea, 8 m. N. E. of
Amftcrdam.
MoNjuiCH, or MoNTjov, a
caftle which ftands a mile W. of
Barcelona, in the pr. of Catalonia,
in Spain, taken by the Engli/h, anno
^705.
MONLUSON, or MoULUCOK,
£. Ion. 2. 32. lat. 46. 22. a town
of France, in the pr, of Lycnois,
and D. of Bourbon, fit. 45 m. S. of
Bourges.
Monmouthshire, a count)' of
England, bounded by Herefordfliire
on the N. E. by the river Severn,
V'hich feparates it from Gloceflcr-
ihire nnd Somerfetfliire, on the S. E.
and by Brecknock and Glamcrgaii*
ihire on the W.
Monmouth, capital of Moh-
mouthfliire, W, Ion. 2. 40. lat. 51.
47. fit. on the rivtr Wye, 25 m. N,
of Briflol f fends one member to par-
liament. Here Henry' V, King of
England, vas born.
MCNOMOTOPA, a country of
Africa, bounded by MSnernugi on the.
N. and by Cafraria, or the country
of the Hottentots, on the E, S. and .
"W; an inland country, little known.
MoNoroi.1, E.lon. i3. lat. 41.
5. a town of Italy, in the K. of
Naples, and ter. of Barri, fit. on the
^ulph of Venice, ly m. E. of Barri,
MoKr, E. Ion, %. •^3. hr, 50.
-^4, a City of the'Auftrian Nether-
landi, capital of the pr. of Hainaultf
fit. 26 m. S,W. of firudels, and
2Z m. S.E. of Tournay. It (lands
on a hill, near the confluence of the
rivers Haine and TrouilJe j and the
country about it may be fo over-
flowec', as to render the approaches
of an enemy very difficult j and the
fortifications are very fine : however,
it has been frequently taken and re-
taken, particularly by the Englifh
and their confederates, after the vic-
tory of Malplaquet, anno 1709 ; and
it was confirmed to the houfeof
Auflria at the peace of Utrecht,
anno 17 13, and made part of the
Dutch barrier. This city was taken
by the French in the late war, but
re/lored by the peace of Aix la
Chapellc, 1748, after the forttfica«
tions uere demolifh'd.
MoNSARAz, W. Ion, 8. lat. 38.
30. a town of Portugal, in the pr,
of Alentejo, fit, 25 m, S. W. of
Elvas.
MoNSTIERS, or MOUSTIERS,
E. Jon. 6. 36. lat. 45. 30. a city
of Savoy, fit. on the river Ifere,
30 m. S. E. of Chamberry. The
lee of an archb. fub. to the K.
of Sardinia.
MoKT Alto, E, Ion. 15. lat.
4,3. a town of Italy, in the Pope's
ter. and mar. of Acona, fit. 23 m,
S. of Loretto.
MoNT Alto, E. Ion. 12. 28,
lat. 43. 15. a town of Italy, in the
D. of Tufcany, fit, 18 m, S. of
Sienna.
Mont St. Andre, E. Ion. 4.
50. lat. 50. 43, a town of the Au-
firian Netherlands, in the pr. of Bra.
bant, fit. 2 m. N. of Ramelics, and
tiin. of Kamur.
MoNTARGiSf E, Ion. 2. 45.
lat. '48. a city of France, in the pr.
of Otleai^ois, and ter. of Gatenois,
fit. on the river Loins, 50 m. S. of
Paris.
MoNTAUtoNyE. Ion. It 5. lat.
4^4. a city of France^ in the pr. of
Guienne, and ter. of Quercy, fit.
on the river Agou||^ (8 m, N. of
Touloufc.
3 Mont-
M O
M O
17STIERS,
MoNTBELLIARD, E. lofl. ^..
45. lat. 47. 35. a city of France, in
the pr. of Francbe-comte, fit. on the
river Doux, 35 m. N. E. of Be-
fanjon.
Mont BLANK, E, Ion. i. 5. laf.
41. 10. a town of Spain, in the pr.
of Catalonia, fit. 15 m. N. of Tar-
ragona.
Monte Fiascone, E, Ion. 12.
50. lat. 42. 20, a city of Italy, in
the tcr. of the Pope, and pr, of St.
Peter's Patrimony, fit. on the E. fide
of the lake Bolfenna, 35 m. N. of
Rome.
Monte Peloso, E. Ion. 17.
l.nt. 40. 50. a town of Italy, in the
K, of Naples, and ter, of the Bafili-
cate, fit. 36 m. S.W. of Barri.
Monte Pu LSI A NO, £. lon.i3.
lat. 43* a town of Italy, in the D.
of Tufcany, and pr. of Sienna, fit.
22 m, S. £. of Sienna.
Montereau Faut Yonke,
E. Ion. 3. lat. 48. 23. a town of the
ifie of France, fit. at the confluence
of the rivers Seyne and Yonne, 40
m. S. £. of Paris.
Monte Sancto, or Mount
Athos,E. lon.25. lat.40. 12. fit.
in European Turky, in the pr. of
Macedon, on the gulph of ContetTa,
70 m. S. of SalonifHi or Thefla-
lonlca, called Monte San£to, or the
Holy Mount, from the 22 mona-
iie.ies fituate thereon, in which are
4000 monks or friars, who never
fuffer a woman to come within fight
of their convents.
Monte Verde, E. Ion. 16. 12.
lat. 41. 5. a town of Italy, in the K.
of Naples, in the further Principate,
fit. 60 m. E. of Naples city.
Montfalcone, E. Ion. 13. 50,
lat. 46. 15. a town of Italy, in the
ter. of Venice, and'pr. of Friuli, fit.
10 m. N. E. of Aquileia.
Montferrat DuchV, in Ita-
ly, is bounded by the lordfhip of
Verceil on the N. by the Alexan-
drin on tl^e Et by "the ter.' of Genoa
on the 5. j^nd^by the co, of Afti on
the W. the chief toiitn Cafal. It
is a picafikot fruitful country, abound-
ing in filk, corn, wine, and oil. Th'»
Duchy was formerly divided between
the Duke of Savoy and the Duke of
Mantua ; but, upon the deaih of the
Duke of Mantua without ifTue, anno
1708, the houfe of Auftria ceded
the Duke of Mantua's part to the
then Duke of Savoy, and it is now
fub. to the K. of Sardinia his Ton.
Montfobt, E. lor. 9. 40. lat.
47. 15. a town of Germany, in thr
cir. cf Suabia, fit. on the ccntines oF
Tirol, i8 m. S. of Lndau and th«
lake of <?onftance, capital of the co.
of Montfort, fub. to the Earl of
Montfort.
Montgomekyshirf, a co. of
Wales, bounded by Mciioncthfhitc
and Denbigh on the N. by Shropfliirs
on the £. by Radnor and Cardigan
on the S. and by another part of
MerioDCthfhire en the W.
Montgomery, W. Ion. 3. 10.
lat. 52. 36, the capital of the co.
fit. on the river Severn, 20 m. S. W.
of Shrewfbury, and 150 m. N. W.
of London. . ,
MoNTMARiANO, E. lon. n;.
35. lat. 4*. a town of Italy, in tr-e
K. of Naples, and further PiiHcipitt ,
fir. 35 m. E. of Naples, The fee of
a bifh.
MoNTMi^DY, E, Ion. 5« 10. laf.
49, 37. a town of the Netherlands,
in the pr. uf Luxemburg, fit. 20 m«
W. of Luxemburg, fub. to France.
MoNTMELiAN, E. lon. 6. lat.
45. 40. a fortrefs in the D. of Savoy,
fir. on the frontiers of Dauphine, lo
m. S. of Chamberry.
MONTPELIER, E. Ion. 3. 50.
lat. 43.-37. a city of France, in the
pr. of L.Tnguedoc, and co. of Nifmes>
(it. on the little river Lcz, 50 m.
K.E. of Narbonnc, and 45 S. W. of
Avignon, near the bay of Maguelon
and the Meditermnean fea, and 350
m.S. of Paris i a little city, in which
it is computed there are between z
and 30CO inljiabitants, among whom
are a great number of phyficians, and
200 apothecaries, who get a gooi
livelihood by their numerous com-
pofitions, viz. Hungary -water, oil
Z 2 of
M O
M O
C/f Spike, Cap.Mlary fyrups, efTences,
perfumes, Sec. which they diftribute
all over Europe, The delightfulnefs
©f the fiiuation, and ferenity of the
air, draws a great many people of
diftindlion hither ; asd the repu-
tation of enjoying a healthful air,
that will reftore broken conftitutions,
occafions foreigners to refort hither
from all pans of Europe. People do
not only pradlife phyfic here, but
iludy it, this being a univerfny dc-
, figned chiefly for ftudents in that
fcicnce.
Montreal, E. Ion. 13. lat.
38. 20, a city of Sicily, in the pr.
of Mazara, iit. near the fea, 5 m.
E. of Palermo, The fee of an
archb.
. MoNTRKAr, W. Ion. 75. lat,
46. a town of Canada, in N, Ame-
'rica, (it. on the river of St. Lau-
rence, 100 m. S. of Qi^ebcc, fub. to
France.
Montr f.viL, E. Ion, i. 45. lat.
50. 30. a town of France, in the pr.
of Picardy, fit. on the river Canche,
^0 m, S, of Calais.
MoKTRosE, W. Ion, 2. 10, 'lat,
56. 34. a town of Scotland, In the
ihire of Angus, fit. at the mouth of
the river £/k, on |he German ocean,
1^6 m. N.E. uf Edinburgh,
MONTROYAL, Or MoNREAL,
E. Ion. 6. 50. lat. 50. 22. a foitrefs
of Germany, in the cir. of the Lower
Rhine, and Eledorate of Triers, fit.
near the Molelle, ao m. N, E, of
Triers.
Mont SERA T, E. Ion. i. 45.
lat, 41. 30. a mountain of Spain, in
the pr, of Catalonia, 21 m, N.W, of
Barcelona, where there is a mona-
Iteiy and chapel dedicated to the Vir-
gin, Maiy, in wh'ch is an image of
til'; V,rg;in, faid to perform alun-
d.inre ot miracle', and to which al-
rio(t as many pilgrims refort as to
Loietto, The convent is inhabited
by monks of feverai nations, who
euUrtain all that come thither, out
vi devotion or curiofity, 3 days gra-
ta. Above the convent are the cells
vt 13 hermits^ hewn out uf the luck^
who are perfons of diftin£lIon, that
being weary of the world, have re-
tired thither to fperid their time in
foiitude and devotion.
MoNTSERAT, W, Ion. 62. lat.
17. one of the- fmalleft of theCa-
ribbep iflands, in the Atlantic ocean,
in America, fit. 30 m. S.W, of
Antego, fub. to England,
Mora, W. Ion. 4. lat. 39. 35.
a town of Spain, in the prov. of
New CaOile, fit. 18 m. S. E. of
Toledo.
Morant Point, W. Ion, 76.
30, lat. j8. the mod eafterly point
or promontory of the ifland -of Ja-
maica, in America.
MoRAT, or MuRTEN, E. lon.
6. 55. lat. 47, a town of Switzer.
land, in the can. of Bern, fitiiatc
on the lake Morat, 15 miles W, of
Bern. (-''C ' ,0.
MoK AVA, a' river 6f European
Turky, that rifes in the mountain of
Rodope or Argenttim, and running
N. through Servia by NifTa, falls into
the Danube at Semendria, to the
caftward of Belgrade.
Moravia Marqv.isat'E, a
pr. di the K. of Bohemia, bounded
by Silefia on the N. E. by Hungary
and Auftria on the S. and by Bohe-
mia on the N.W. fub. to the houfe
of Audria.
MoRAw, a river that rifes in
the N. of Moravia, and running S,
through that pr, by Olmutz, after-
wards divides Auftria from Hungary,
and falls into the river Danube to the
weftward of Prefburg.
MORBACH, or MURBACK, £.
lon. 7, lat, 48. a tovrn of G^rmiiny,
in the cir, of the Upper Rhine, an 1
Ian, of Alfatia, fit. 40 m* S, ut
StraA>urg, Tub. to France.
More A, tW ancient Peloponcfu?,
a pr. of Luiopcan Turky, being a
peninfub, bounded by the gulphs ot
Lrpanto and Engia, on the Noith,
by the Egean fea, or Archipelago,
on the E. and by the MediWrancan
on the S. and W. being about 1,^0
m. long, and 130 broad.
MoRET, E. lon. 1, 55. lat. 4*»
22.
M O
a*, a town of the iHe of France, fit.
at the confluence cf the rivers Sejnc
and Yonne, 35 m. S. E. of Paris.
MoRETON, W. Ion. 4. lat. 50.
44. a irarket town of Devon, fir. 12
jn. S. W. of Exeter.
MoKETON, W, Jon. I. 46. ht.
52. a market town of Gloceftcr/hire,
ifi% 20 m. N. E, of Glocefter.
MoRLACHiA, a pr. of Venice,
lying between the puJph of Venice
and the provinces of Croatia and
Bofnia, havin); Dalmatia on the S.
M o R L A I X, W. long. 4. Ijt.
48. 37. a port town of Fiance, iii
the province of Britany, fituate on a
bay of the £. channel, 25 m. N. £.
€i Breft.
Morocco empire, in Africa,
fomprehending the kingdcrus of
Fez and Morocco, is bounded by
the Mediterranean fea on the N, by
the river Mulvia, which divides it
from Algiers, on the E. by Bildul-
gerid on the S. and by the Atlantic
ocean on the W. being about 500 m.
long, and sco broad. It is a fine
country, conlifting of mountains and
v:ift extended plaint, none of them
unfruitful ; of the mountains thofe
of Atlas are the chief, extending
from Algiers in the R. to the ocean
in the W. which from them has
tbtained the name of the Atlantic
ocean. Their animals of moft ufe
hrre, are camels, and they have
a very fine breed of horfes ; and in
their djfaits arc found lyons, tygers,
leopards, and ferpcnts of a prodigious
fize, if travellers don't deceive us.
Their foil produces wine, good whtir,
rice, and barley, and would yield a
great deal more, if well cultivated ^
but only the Jews plant the vine j
the olive alio tlirives here, r.t.d yields
excellent oil. They have alfo dates,
,figs, almonds, lemons, oranges,
pomegranates, and a variety of other
fruits } rvDr. do they want Aax or
hemp} but wood, e'^peci.iliy timber,
is fcarc3 here. They have no fhips
of war, only Tome fmall pyratical
teOels, %hkh they crwtd vKilk men,
M o
and t.ike great prizes fomctimer^
efpeciajy the Sallce rovers; but 3$
for mcrch,int(hips or a foreign tradc^
they cany on none on their own bot-
toms. Thfir trade by land is eichrr
with Arabia or Negroland ; to Mecc.i
they fend caravans confifting rf fe-
veral thoufand camels, horfes, arid
mules, twice every year, partly for
traffic, and partly on a religious ac •
count, great numbers of pilgriraa
taking this opportunity of vifiting
Mecc?. They carry thither fine
woollen nnnufadturcs, Morocco*
/kins, indigo, cochineal, and oftrich.
feathers, biiiiging back filk^, inn •
lins, calicoes, cofTce, and dru^s. By
the caravans which go to Negrolant*,
they fend fait, filk, and woollen
mnnufadlures, nking gold, iwrv,
and Negro (laves in return ; and witu
thefe Negroej the Emperor retruits
his cavalry.
The Emperor is abfolute in his
dominions, and the crown is faid to
be hereditary j but if there he morr
fons than one, they ufuaily fight it
o»»t on the dtrceafe cf their fafhcr,.
till there is but one left. This na-
tion is difturbed by civil wars on
every change, but the Prince who it
molt in favour with the foldiri*
ulually fucceeds ; for there isalwn;S
a very numerous army kept up. It i»
coir>puted that the black cavalry ani
infantry alone, amount to 40,000
men, and the Moorifh horfe and foot
(which arc white, or tawny rather)
amount to near as many, but thfv
Blacks are eiiecmcd their beft horf-' ,
and thffe they chiefly rely on, bofli
in their domelVc and foreign war*.
The revenues cf the Emperor aril^
from the tenth of all corn^ a'nd of
all ctptives and prizes taken, aiul
dutieji on g<K>ds imported and ex-
ported, the whole amounting to 50!>
quinrjis of Itlver, each 'jiintal 330 '»
fterling. As &> their religion it is
M.ihomctaniirn, and I thnk of tha-
P:rfrm fcd> j and there jic gr''at:
n in»b«r» of Santos and M.irabvut*,,
liUt Jietend, UkC Oil Ci tcrDlif!'>
M O
MO
to a move than ordinary fanftity, This idand is 30 m. t'ound, and very
and have a gi eat influence over this populous j the Purtugueze having
people. ^'j. .."■,. the donninion of this, and the ad-
Morocco city, capital of the jacent country, have built feveral
kingdom of Morocco, in Africa, W. churches and monafteries in it, and
Ion. 9. lat. 34, fit. 2CO m. S. W, the friars afTure us they muke great
cf Fez, Both the city and the for- numbers of profelytes in this part of
titications are now in a declining Africa. Here alfo they barter their
l^ate, the feat of the empire being merchandize with the natives, whom
removed from thence J and it is much they have taught to cloath them-
to be doubted if ever it was that elc- feives, for gold, iv»ry, and flives j
gant city which fome old writers and here their fhipping takes in re-
rrnke it. frefliment, in their voyages to the
Moron, W. Ion. 5. 20, lat. 37, E, Indies, and the country producing
a town ot Spain, in ttie pr, of Anda- great herds of cattle, they fait up
Julia, fit. 30 m. S. E. of Seville. beef here, to fend to their oth.-r
«, Morpeth, W. Ion. i, 15. iat. plantations, or fell it to European
55.15. a borough town of North- fliipping.
umberland, fit, on the river Wan- Mosbach, or Morsach, E,
fpcch, 14 m. N. of Newcafile j fends Ion. 9* lat, 49. 25. a town of Gcr.
two members to parliament. many, in the pal. of the Rhine, fir.
MoRTAiGN, E, Ion. 50 min, on the river Neckar, i6m. £. of
lat. 48. 40. a town of France, in
l\\e pr. of Ofleanois, and ter, of
Ptrche, fit. 40 m. N. of Mans.
MoRTAiK, W. kn. 50 min.
lat. 4S. 49. a town of France, in
the pr. of Noimandy, fit, 20 m. E. Tweer on the N. by Little, or Nile
t)f Avrance. Novogorod, on the E. by Rezan ca
MoRTAHo, or Mont A R A, a the S. and by Smelenfko on the W,
town «f Iialy, in the D. of Milan, Moscow city,E. Ion. 38. la'.
and tcr. of Laumtlin, fit. 3*; m. 55. 45. the capital of the pr. of
S. "W. of Milan, and 20 m. N. E. of Mofcow, fit. on the river Mofcosva,
Cafal i fub. to the K. li Sardinia. 460 m, S. E. of Peteifburph, 8co £■
MoHviEDHO, orMuRviEDRO, of Stockholm, 1000 N.E.ofCon-
W. !on. 35 min lat. 3^. 40. a town flantinople, goo N. E. of Vienna,
fif Sf; in, in the pr. of Va!enci.i, fit, and 1400 N. E. of London,
^^^«n the liver FaJaiitia, i3 m. N. of Moscowa river, rifes in tic
Valenc a city, fuppuied to be the W. of the pr. ot Mofcow, and run.
Sje
Heidelburg.
Moscovv Empirk,
Russia.
Moscow, a pr, of Mofcovy, cr
Ruflia, is bounded by the pr. of
ar.cient Sjguntum.
MoSAMSIi^UK, a
pr, of Zan-
fuebar, in Airica, is borndcJ by
ning E. thro' that province, paliis
by the city of Mofcow, and falls intj
the river Ocka at Kolomna.
M0SELI.K, a river of Germany,
which rifing in the mountains cf
the pr, of Quiloa on the N. by the
Indian o(eao, which divides it from
MaJagafcar, en the E. by the river Vauge, in Lorrain, runs N. thro'
Zambeze on the S* and Monemuegi that D. paffing by Toul, Mcntz, niJ
on the W. '1 hionville, to Treves, or Trier?,
-MosAMBiQjvK CITY, E. lon.. and then running N, E. thro' the
40. S. lat. 15. the cjpit.U cf the Electorate of Triers^ falls into thi ]
pr, of Mofarabique, fit. on an ,i\ nj Rhine at Coblentz.
•t th« mouth of the rivtr Mufum Moskito country, is (it, in
kique, which forma a comnioiiious N. America, between 85 and 88 I'e-
harbour, defended by a citadel, and grecs of W. lon, and between I'l
■^ tfiwa iUtlf is jeg^Uil)' fortified, aud 15 degrees of Ni Ux% having th:
MO
M.U
North Tea on the N. and E. Nicara.
gua on the S. and Honduras on the
W. and indeed the Spaniards efteem
it a part of the pr. of Honduras, tho'
they have no colonies in the Mo/kito
country. When the Spaniards firft
invaded this part of Mexico, they
maflacred the greatcft part of the
natives, which gave thole that efca-
ped into the inacceiBble part of the
country, an infuperable averfion to
them ; and they have always ap-
peared ready to join any Europeans
that come upon their coafl againfl
the Spaniards, and particularly the
Englifli, who frequently come hither,
and the Mofkito men being excellent
inarkfmen, the Englilh employ them
in Ariicing the nianatee>liih, and
many of the Mofkito Indians come
to Jamaica, and fail with the Eng-
lifh in their voyages : and fome offi-
cers have been lately fent into that
country to fee if it may not be an
advantage tu Britain to fix fome co-
lonies amongft them.
MOSIMJRG, or MOSBURG, £.
Ion. 12. iat. 48. a8. a town of Ger-
many, in the c:r. of Bavaria, fit. at
the confluence of the rivers Ifer and
Amburg, 30 m, N. £. of Munich^
and 10 m. S. W. of Lundfhut,
Mosul, SccMousul, '
MoTiR (not MoNTiL as in the
maps) £. l«n. 125. N. Iat. 30 min.
one of the Molucca, ur Clove iflands,
very fmall but valuable on account
of its fpice ; fub. to the Dutch.
MoTOLA, E. )cn. i3. lar. 40.
40. a town of Italy, in the K. of
Naples, and ter, of Otranto, fit, 15
m. N. W. of Tai uo.
MoTRit, W. Ion. 3. 30. Iat.
36. 50. a town of Sp.in, in the pr.
of Granada, fit. on chj Mediterra-
nean, 40 m. S. of Granada.
MouLiNs, £. Jon, 3. 16. Iat.
46. 33. a city of Func •, in the pr.
ef Lionois, and D. of Bouibon, fit.
47 m. S.E. of Bourgc!.
Mount Casikl, E. Ion. c, 30.
lar. 50. 50. a town of the French
Netherlands, in the pr. of Flandors,
lit^ jj TO, S, Wi ©f Igws,
Mount St. Michail, W.
Ion. 6. Iat. 50. 7. a borough in Corn-
wall, fit. on a bay of the £. chan-
nel, called Mount bay, 18 m. W, of
Falmouth ; fends two members to
parliament*
Mount St. Michael, W,
Ion. I. 32. lit. 48. 38. a fortrefs of
France, m the pr. of Normandy, fit,
on a rock in the E. channel, near
the confines of ^ritany, ao m. E, of
St. Malo.
Mount Sorrei, W, Ion. i,
6. Iat. 5Z. 45. a market town cf
Leicefterlhirc, fit. 7 m. N. of Lei-
cefter.
MOUREMANSKOY, tll£ N. W.
part of RufTun Lapland, in Europe.
MousoN, E. Ion, 5. Iat. 49. 33.
a town of France, in the pr. of
Champaign, fit. on the river Mac?>
30 m. W. of Luxemburg.
MousTiER, or Montiir, E,
Ion. 6. 30. Iat. 45, 30. a city of
Savoy, fit. on the river Her, 30 m.
S, E. of Chamberry j fi/b, to the
K. of Sardinia, but pofTefTed by -the
French.
Mousut, or Mosul, E. Ion,
43. Iat. 36. a city of Afiatic Turky,
in the pr. of Diarbec, or Mefopo-
tamia, fit. on the W. bank of the
river Tigris, oppofite to the place
where Nineveh A«od, 90 m. S.E.
of Diarbec.
MscvsT.AW, E. Ion. 31. 30. Jat,
54. 34. capital of the pal. of Mfcyf-
law in Poland, fit. on the frontiers
of Mufcovy, 58 m, S. of Smoltnfko,
MuzR, h. Ion. 15. 22. lilt. 47.
36. a town of Germ.iny, in the cir,
of Aurtria, and' D. of Stiria, fit. on
the river Mucr, 25 m, N. W, of
Gratz.
M u K R , a ri ver of Germany, which
rifes in B.ivjria, and running E. thro*
the D. of Stiiia, by Muir, and Gratz,
unites with the river Dravtf at Leg-
rad, near Knnifhn, in Hlingary.
MuL OF Can TIKI, thi S. cape,
or promontory of the co. of Caniire,
orMul, in the frith cf Clyde, on the
W. of Scotland.
A4Vb OS (^AhUOyfAYg the S,
MU
M'U
!
1 1
tape or promontory of all Scotland,
in the co. of CaUoway, on the Irifh
fea. I •
MvLDAW, a river of Bohemia,
that riles on the confines of Auftria,
and running N. thro' Bohemia, vlHts
.Budeweis and Prague, uniting with
the Elbe at Melnick.
Mut.DORF, £. Ion. 12.25. ^^^'
48. 16. a town of Germany, in the
eir. of Bavaria, fit, on the river Inn,
40 m. £. of Munich.
MuLHAUsEN, E. Ion. 7. 25,
lat. 47. 45. a town of Germany,
in the Ian. of Alface, fit. on the ri-
ver III, 40 m. S. of Straftjurg j an
ally of the Switzers.
MuLHAusEN, E, Ion. xo. 20.
lat. 51. 16. a town of Germany, in
the cjr. of Upper Saxony, and ter.
of Thuringia, fit, 16 m, N. W. of
Sax-gotha.
MuLLERA9,E. Ion. '4.45. lat.
52. 14. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Upper Saxony, and mar. of
Brandenburg, fit. 38 m. S. £. of
fieri in.
MULTAN, or MOULTAN, E.
Ion. 72. 15. lat. 30. a city of the
Hither India, in Afia, capital of the
pr. of Multan, fit. on the river In-
dus, 400 ra. W. of Ddli.
MuLViA, a river of Barbary, in
Africa, which rifing in the mountains
of Atlas, runs N. dividing the Em-
pire of Morocco from the Kingdom
of' Algiers, falling into the Mediter-
ranenn, W. of Marfalquiver.
MuNCATS, or MUNKATS, E.
Ion. 22. lat. 48. 30. a town ot Upper
Hungary, fit, 50 m. N.E, ot Tockay,
MuNicH,or MuNCHEN, £. Ion,
II. 32. lat. 48, 5. capital of the
£le£lorate and Duchy of Bavaria, fit.
on the river Ifer, 60 m, S. W. of
Ratifbon, 200 m. W, of Vienna,
and 60 m. N. of lnfr>ruclc ; a large
elegant city, with fpacious ftreets,
and canals running thru* many of
them ; and the oeauty and ntogni-
ficcnce of the Eledt«)i'8 palace is
fwd to cxce-d ;my ihing of ihe kind
in Gtrniany. It is furiuundevi wiiii
% vvaii BjQd fortid(4Lioo^', bul fg iiUi.j
to be depended on, that it has ever
furrcndered to thole who uere mal-
ters of the field : it has been plundered
by the Auflrians feverai times, both
in the lare and prefent wars.
MuNSTER Bishopric, fir, in
the cir. of Weftphalia, in Germany,
on both fides the river Ems, bound,
ed by the counties of Bentheim and
Steinfurt on the N. by the bifhop-
rics of Ofiiabrug and Paderborn on
the E, by the co. of Mark on the S ,
and by the Duchies of CIteve and
Zutphen on the W. being 100 m,
lorij;, and 60 broad, fub. to its bi/h.
the prefent Eiedor of Culogn. It
is but a barren country, producing
fcarce corn enough lor the lubliftance
ot the inhabitant^, but they have the
belt b .con in Europe. •
MuNSTER City, E. Ion. 7. 10.
lat. 52. capital or tl e bilhopric of
Munfter, and of the cir. of Weilpiha-
lia, lit. on the river Aa, in the
molt fruitful plain in the country,
70 m. N. of Cologn, and 35 m. b.
W. of Olnabriig. The town is well
built of frec-ftonc j here that treaty
was concluded, anr.o 1648, which
put an end to the civil wars of Ger-
many, on account of religion, alter
a w^r of 30 years continuance, and
fettled the pretenfions of the Ger-
man Princes, and feveial other Prin-
ces and ilates of Europe, in rela-
tion to the limits of their xe^peflive
tetiitories, particularly the Spaniards
acknowledged the Dutch to be a free
incependftnt lUte, at this treaty j
which, ffum this city, was feme-
times called the treaty of Munflcr,
and at others, the treaty cf Welt-
phnlia, f(cm the pr. where it was
concluded.
MuNSTER, £. Ion. 7. 5. lat. 48,
S. a town of Germany, in the ian.
of Alfatia, fie. 30 m. S. W. of
Strafburg ; fub. to France.
M t' N 3 ; K R Me I N r E L T, E, ion.
7. Int. so. 15. a town of Germany,
in the cir. of the Lower Rhine, and
E. ol Triers, fit, 12 m. S.W. of
Ck^blenta.
M u Ns T ZR B ta C;^ £. Ion.. 16. 40.
MY
■n:a
)at. ^o. 35«.a'-town of fiilefiz^ cap.
of the D. c£ Munflerberg, fit. 35
m. S. of BieHaw.
MuRCiA, a pr. of Spai.Tbcund-
ed by New Caftile on the N. by
Valencia and the Mediterranean lea
on the £. by the fame fea on the S,
and by Granada and Andakifia en
the W.
MURCIA CiTT, W. Ion. I. 12,
Jar. 38. 6. fit. on the river Segura,
25.01. N, ©f Cartagena.
MuRET| £. Jon. I. 5. iat, 43.
30. a town of France, in the pr. of
Gafcony, and co. of Cominges, fit,
on the river Garonne, iz m. S. of
Touloufe.
MuRo, E. Jon. 16. 8. lat. 40.
50. a town of Italy, in the K. of
N'aple*, fit. 60 m, S.E. of Naples.
Murray, a couaty of Scotlind,
bounded by the Getnnan fea on the
N. by Bamf on the £. by Mar and
Badenoch on the S. and by Invernefs
on the W, 1
MuSSCLBOROVGH, W. lon. 2.
4;. Jat. 56. a port town of Scot-
land, in the (hire of Lotliian, fit.
on the frith of Ftirth, at the mouth
of the river £Jk, 6 m. £. '<of Edin-
burgh.
MusTAGAN, under the meridian
of London, Jat.i^. 30. a port town
of Barbary, in Africa, in the K. of
Algiers, fit. 14001. W. of tiie city
of Algiers. ' c- nt
MvxARA, W- ion. I. 50V>ht.
37. 6. a port town off Sfiain in the
pr. of GrwMida, fit., on tfie.<Mediter.
ranean, 50 m. S. W.-ofl]irtag«na.
MuYDEN, E. lon. 4. 45. lat.
52. 19. a town of Hivliland, lit. on
tlie S. coart of the Zuider fea, 7 m.
£. of Amfterdam.
MvcoNK, £. lon. 25. 6. lat. 37.
one of the iiUnds of the Archipelago,
ill Tunky, fit. 1 10 m. S.W; of Smyr-
na. It ia about 25 m. in circumfe-
rence, and has one large harbour in
it. There is Jittle wood or water in
the country, but the foil produces
corn, wine,,itg<, and olives. It is
inhabited chiefly by TurJcifh corfaiis,
Of privateers, at prcftnt.
MvsxA, the anciewt namie 'of a
pr, in Afia, iiemgiri th« N. W, part
of modern Natolia, or Afia Minor*
jj'
J> t .C.Q.'J "^riJ >"!■-■ '•>'.! Jfill*
r,i
NAB, a river of Bavaria in Gc-
nuny, which rifin'^ in Fran-
coriia> runs from N. to S. thro' tlie
Paiaiuitte of Bavaria, fallini; into the
Danube above Ratifbon.
Naburo, E, lon. 12. 7. lat. 49.
22. a toAn or Gcimany, in the Fa-
laiinate of Bavaria, Cn. vn the W.
fiuc ot the river Nab, 10 tn. S. £• of
Amberg.
Naerdsk, £. lon, 5. l»t. 52.
18, a town of the United Provinces,
in the pr. of Holland, lit. at the £•
end ot the Zuyder iea, 13 vn, E. of
Amflerdam.
Najara, W. lon. 3. lat. 42*
40. a town of Spain, in the pr. of
Biicay, fit. 50'fn. S. of Bii^oa,
Naik^me) W, lon.'3, 30. lat, 57*
40. a borough and port town of Scot-
land,- in the'fhire of Invermefs, fit.
at the entrance of the frith of Mur-
ray, iS m. E. of Inverncfp,
Naicsivan, E. lon. 45, kt. 39.
15. » city of Perfia, in the pr. of
Chirvan, fit. loom. S. of Eritan,
where Noah*s ark refied, according
to tradition.
Namur, E, lon. 4. 50, lit. 50,
30. a flrong city of the Avftrian Ne-
therlands, capital of the pr. of Na-
mur, fit. at the confluence of the
Sambre and the Macfe, 3«; m. S.E.
of BruflVls.
Nam OR county, is bounded by
Brabant on the N. by Liege and Lux-
emburg on the E. and by the pr, of
Hainault on the S. and W. being 30
m. long, &nd ao broad. It is a fruit*
ful country, and has pood mines of
lead and iron, and wood «nough for
their iron -works.
Nancy, E. lon. 6. lat. 48. 44.
ihe capital city of Lorrain, in Ger-
many,
N A
N A
many, fit. i«;o m. E. of Paris, 65
. jn. N.W. of Strafburg, and 70 m.
3. of Triers ; fub. to France, at lealt
it will devolve to France on the death
of King Staniflaus, father of the Q^^
«f France.
Nanfio ifland, E. Jon. a6, lat.
35. one of the iflands in the Archi pc-
lago, E. of Santorini, 16 m. round,
inhabited by Greek?, and fub. to the
Turits. Here are ftill the ruins of
a temple dedicated to Apollo.
Nangasaq^ui, E.lon. 130. laf.
32. 30. a city on the W. fide of the
il]<»nj of Bongo, one of the Japan
jflands, fit. 60 m. S. of the ifland of
Niphon or Japan proper, near which
. the Dutch factors in the ifland of
Difnia refide, but are never fufter'd
to come into the city, unlefs when
. their Aips arrive, and they have de*
liver'd up their guns, helms, fails,
and rigging, as pledges of their good
' behaviour.
Nanking, a pr. of China in A-
, fia, bounded by the pr. of Xantum
and Hooan on the N. and W. by the
fea or bay of Nanking on the £• and
. by the pr. of Huquam and Chekiam
on the S.
Nanking, E.lon. iiS. 30. lat.
32. capital of the pr. of Nanking,
and formerly of the empire of China,
. i« fit. 600 m. S.E. pf Peking, on the
river Kiam. It is upwards of 30 m.
in circumference, and very populous,
as well as rich. All the produce and
manufadlures of the empire, parti-
cularly filk, being ieen here in the
greateft perfection. The porcelane
. tower, fevcn Tories high, is efteemed
one of the fineil pieces of architec-
ture now in being, if we regard the
materials or workinanlhip.
Nans AM UNO, a county of Vir-
ginia in America, S, of ifle of Wight
. county, through which tke river of
Nanfamund runs.
Nakts, W. Ion. I. 30. lat. 47,
15. a city of France, in the pr, of
Britany, fit. on the river Loir, 30
m. E. of the ocean, and 45 m. W.
9f Angers, a Urge populous city,
and has as extenfive a foreign trade as
any city in the K. tho' no fhips of
burden can come fo high up the river,
but are oblig'd to unload at Pambeuf,
near the mouth of the river,
Nantucket, W. Ion. 70. lat.
41. an ifland on the coaft of New
England in N. America, fit. So m.
S. of Bofton, the peop'e whereof ap-
ply themrdves chiefly to the whale-
ridjery on the coaft, and have lately
filh'd for whales in Greenland, being
as dextrous at it as the Dutch, tho*
not fo numerous ; and if they were
encouraged by their mother country,
'tis faid, we fliould not be under a ne-
ceflity of purchafing fuch vaft quan-
tities of whalebone froni Holland, as
we have done of late years.
Nantwich, W. Ion. ». 32, lat,
53. 6. a market town of Chtfhire,
fit. 17 m. S. W. of Chefter.
Nailes kingdom, one of the Si-
cily's, is the S.E. part of Italy, be-
ing fit. between 14 and 19 deg. of
£. Ion. and between 3S and 43 deg.
of N. lat. bounded by the gulph of
Venice on the N. E. by the Medi-
terranean fea on the S. E. by Sicily
and the Tufcan Sea on the S. W.
and by the Pope's territories on the
N. W. hting divided from the ifland
of Sicily only by the narrow ftrait or
pbaro of Meflina.
Nafles City, E. Ion. 15. lat.
41. the cap. of the kingdom of Na-
ples in Italy, fit. 140 m. S. E. of
Rome, and 15 degrees E. of Lon-
dun, being 7 miles in circumference
within the walls, and as much more
if the fuburbs arc included, and con*
tains about 300,000 inhabitants. It
Aands on an eminence, rifing gra<
dually fron'i the fea to a moderate
height, on a fine bay of the fea of 30
m. diameter; and the iflands which
lie before it form a fecure and commo-
dious harbour. On the E. is a large
plain, on the further fide whereof is
mount Vefui^ius, and on the W, a
large Jiill, on which ftinds the cadle
of St. Elmo, and a Carthufian mo-
oaft«ry, ffOm whence we are entor-
« .
N A
N A
tained with the finefl prorpe£t in the
world : Here it is feldotn cold in win •
ter, and in fummer the cold breezes
from the mountains and the lea make
the hotteft put of it very toJerable :
nor is the fea fubjedl to Aorms ; and
they have (o bold a fliore, that large
ihipsmay lieclofetothekays. Corn,
wine, and oil, are excellent in their
kind, and exceeding plentiful ; and
the air is pure, fercne, and health-
ful. The buildings are magnificent
and elegant, and inhabited by peo-
ple of diftindlion : nor can there be
in all refpedls a more defirable fitua-
tjon, did not the eruptions of Vefu-
vius, and earthquakes, fometimes
didurb their quiet, as well as the
frequent revolutions obferv'd in this
K. for it being fo defirable a coun-
try, the neighbouring powers are
perpetually contending for it } Ger-
many, France, and Spain, have al-
ternately had the dominion of it ; it
feldom has the fame fovereign forty
years. The dignified clergy and no-
bility of this K. are very numerous ;
there are, *tis faid, 25 archb. 125
bifh. 300 princes, dukes, marquifTes,
and earls. The clergy poflcfs one
third of the K. the crown, the nobi-
lity, and gentry, the reft ; the pea-
fants have fcarce any thing they can
call their own ; they are lubjedts and
vaiTals to their refpedive Lords, ma.-
nure their lands, plant their vine-
yards, and oliveyards, and are allow'd
only a fubiilUnce fufBcient to enable
them to perform their daily drudgery^
and receive juflice in their iords
courts, in cafes that are not capital,
infomuch that every lord or gentle-
man, who is proprietor of the foil,
is fovereign of the people who Jive
upon his eftate. The" they abound
in fiik, that manu/a£ture is not
great j they fend muft of it abroad,
unwrought : and all the merchan-
dize .'\nd produce of this rich foil is
carryM abroad in foreign fhipping,
they having few ftips of their own,
or indeed merchants, the proprietors
of the lands felling the produce of
their refpe^ve eftates to foreigneri*
The natives being many of them df
Spanifh extrafticn, they follow the
Spanifh modes, and cloath them-
feives in black, which makes the
filk manufacture the lefs. They
have a numerous militra, the nobi-
lity and gentry holding their lands by
military tenures j but thefe are little
depended on, and feldom call'd out,
the K. ufualiy maintaining 15,000
regular troops in time of peace, and
can raife twice that number in time
of war : they had no men of war
lately, but are beginning to build
fome } and they have a fleet of
armed gallics. The revenues of the
crown are computed to amount to
one million fteri. per ann. which
arife from a compofition with the no-
bility and gentry for certain fum?, in
lieu of their perfonal fervices, from a
duty on houfes, and almoft a general
excife. It was a tax on fruits, which
the common people live upon, that
occafion'd the infurre£lion under
Maflinello J and it feems fruit has
been exempt from taxes almofl ever
fmce : thofe who are moft oppref-
fcd by taxes are the Genoefe, and
other foreigners, whofe ef^ates lie in
this cauntry, and thefe are pretty
numerous. Naples has been go-
vern' d by Spani/h, or German vice-
roys, till Don Carlos, the late K. of
Spain's fe^ond Ton, was ft?t upon the
throne by the united powers of
Frjaaice, ^ Spain, and Sardt/iia, anno
1734. And JM this PHrtctr ob-
tain'U the. crown by force^ Uf the like'
force he mofb defiend his pofTeffion,
unhcfs he can obtain the aftedlioiis of
the people by a wife and gentle ad-
miniftration. The crown claims a
power of raxin? the nobility and
gentry, and ratfmg what forces the
court, thinks necefTary j hut 'tis
dangerous carrying thefe prerogative*
too high, as long as the K. has fo
powerful a competitor as the Qj^ of
Hungary. The clergyare nuttax'd
here, but grant a free gift) %lrhich ><
proportionable, to the taxes on' the'
laity at lea{(.
NaFOLI DX MAIVASIA, E.
ion.
.»
N A
N A
^f
v>
Ion, 23. 30t lat, 36. 51, a port town
cf the More.i, fit. at the entrance
•of the gulph ot' Napoli de Romania,
and 40 m. S> £. of ihat city.
Napoli ve Rumania, E. Ion.
^3, 20. Jat. 37. 30* a city and port
town of European Turky» in the pr.
of tiie Morea, fit. at the bottom of
a bay of the fame name in the Ar-
chipelago, 60 m. S.W. of Setines or
Athens, one of the ilrongeft towns
in the Morea, and faid to contain
€0,000 Grecian inhabitants, beftdes
Turks, It is the lee of an archb.
Naraganset, the ancient
name of a country in New England
in America, £, of the river Con-
nefticut, now the countj^ of New
London.
Narbarth, W. Ion* 4.46, lat.
51. 50. a town of Pembroke&ire in
South Wales, fit. 10 m. N. £. of
Pembroke,
Narbokk, £. Ion* 2. 40. lat.
43. 18. a city of France^ hfi the pr.
of Languedoc, lying in a valley fur-
rounded with mountains, 6 m. W.
of the Mediterranean, with which it
has a commubication by a canal, as
it has alfo with the royal cannl, be-
ing-Co m. W. of Montpelier. 'Tis
n large cicy, and in the time of the
Romans was the capital of this part
of Gaul, called from hence Gallia
Narbt nenfis ; and here are ftUl the
ruins uf the capital, a marble amphi«
theatre, and noble aquedu£ls. It is
the fee of an archb. who is prefident
of the dates -of Langmsdoc.
Nakbokovgh ida J, W. Ion,
S5. S. lat. 4.$. an iQe ct South
America, in the Pacific ocean, fit*
on the coaft of Chili, 100 m. S. of
the iilnnd of Chiloe, where Sir John
Narborough refrefliM his men when
he was fent into the South Sea, in
the reign of K. Charles H. to fee if
it was feafible to fettle colonies on
the coaft of Chili.
Nard^o, £. Ion. 19. lat. 40. 33.
a town of Italy, in-theK. of Naples,
fir. 17 m. W. of Otvanto.
Narenza, E. Ion. .iS. 15. lat.
4S, 50, a p9£t town of Eucopcan
Turky, in the pr. of Dalmatia, df,
on a bay of the gulph of Venice, 25
m. N. of Ragufa.
Narni, £. Ion, 13. 30. lat. 42.
36, a town of Italy m the Pope's
ter. in the pr. of Umbria, fit. 45 m.
N. of Rome, where there are the
ruins of a marble bridge built by
Auguftus, one of the arches whereof
was 1 50 foot high, and soo broad.
Narsinga, E. Ion. 78* lat, 14.
50. a city of the Hither India, in the
pr. of Bil'nagar or Narfinga, fit. 200
ra. N. W. of Fort St. George.
Narva, E. Ion, zj. 35. lat. 59,
fit, on the river Narva, which di-
vides Livonia from RuHia, 100 m.
S. W. of Peterfburg, a large city and
port town of Livonia, bcfieged by the
RuHians in the year 1700, but re-
liev'd by Charles XII. K. of Sweden,
who gain'd a fignal viftory over the
RulTtans with 20,000 men, tho' the
Rufiians were 100,000 ftrong. But
the Czar Peter the Great afterwards
took Narva by ftorm, and tranfpiant-
cd the inhabitants to Aflracan ; and
thC'Ruflians have been in pofTeHion
of Narva, and all Livonia, ever fince,
making it one of the ftations of their
fleet.
Narvar, E. Ion. 79. lat, 25. a
city of the Hither India in Afia, ca-
pital of the pr, of Narvar, fit. 70 nn
S. of Agra.
Naseby, W. Ion. 50 min, lat,
52. 20, a village near Rothwell in
Northamptonfhire, fit. 10. m. N. of
Northampton. Here the parlia-
ment gain'd a decifive viftory over
the Royalifls, on the I4tti of June,
1645.
Nassau, a co. of Germany, in
the cir. of the Upper Rhine, and Ian.
of Hefl'e CafTel, and ter. of the
Wetteraw, is bounded by Weftpha-
lia on the N. by the co. of Solms
on the £. by the ter, of Mentz on
the S. and by the Ele^orate of Triers
on the W,
NAssAt; CT^TY, E. Ion. 7. 25.
lat. 50. 2t. a city of Germany, capi-
tal of the co, of NaiTau, fit. on the
river l^obH, 29 m. N. W. of. Mentz.
Nata,
N A
N E
Nata, W. Ion. 82. lat. 9, a
port town of Daricn in America, fit.
on the bay of Panama, 70 m, S. W,
of Panama city.
Natal Terra, a country on
the S.E. coaft of Africa, between 23
and 30 deg. of S. lat. and betw««n 25
and 35 deg. of E. Ion. Several Eu-
ropean fliips have touch'd here, and
agree it is a plentiful country, but
no nation of Suropc have thought fit
to fend any colonies thither,
Natolia, the modern name of
the LeHer Afia. See Asia the
Lesser.
Navarino, a pott town of Eu-
ropean Turky, in thi pr. of the Mo-
rea, fit. 10 m. N. of Modon, and
90 m. S.V/. of Corinth.
Navarre, a pr. of Spain, bound-
ed by French Navarre on the N.E.
by Arragon on the S.E. by old Ca-
ftile on the S. W. and by Guipufcoa,
a tcr. of Bifcay, on the N. W. be-
ing 100 m. long, and 60 broad, a
mountainous country, colder than the
red of Spain, and produces very little
corn, wine, or fruits, but feeds great
herds of cattle, and abounds in good
timber, and hath fome iron tnin^s
in it.
Navarre, French, or thelower
Navarre, is bounded by the ter. <rf
Labour on the N. by the Py renew,
which divide it from Spaniih Na-
varre, on the S. W. and by the pr.
of Beam in Gafcony on the E. and
is about 30 m. long, and 15 broad,
one of the barrencft provinces in
France.
Navereini, W. ion. i. 5. laf.
4,3. 25. a town of France, in the pr,
of C;afcony, and ter. of Beam, lit.
16 m. S.E. of Bayonne.
Navidad, W. Ion, no. lat. 19,
a port town of Mexico in N. Ame-
rica, in the pr. of Mechoachan, fit.
on the Pacific ocean, 1 50 m. W. of
the city of Mexico, fub, to Spaih.
Naugracut, E. Ion. 78. lat,
33. a city of the Hither India, in
Afia, capital of the pr. of Naugracut,
fit. 150 m. N.E. of Labor, fub. to
the Mogul,
Naumburs, E. Ion. 12. lat. 51.
15. a city of Germany, in the cir»
of Upper Saxony, capital of the co,
of Saxe-Naumburg, fit. at the con-
fluence of the rivers Saia and Un-
ftrucht, 60 m. W. of MefTein, fub.
to the Prince of Saxe-Naumburg.
Naxia, orNixiA, E. Ion. z6:
lat. 36, 30. one of the inands*of
the Archipelago, lying S.E. of Mi-
cone, and E. of Paros, 100 m. in
circumference, the country fruitful,
and well watered, woods, hills, and
valleys, agreeably intermixed. The
greatefl part of the inhabitants Greric
Chriftians, the reft Latins j and each
of them has their archbifhop. The
Turks fuffer them to be governed by
their own magiftrates, according to
their refpeftive laws and cuftoms $
however, an officer of the Turks
comes hither once a year, to collect
the taxes, and to him they appeal
if they think themfelves injured.
They live merrily on the good wines
the ifland produces in their feveral
quarters, but the Latins and Greeks
can no more agree in common con-
verfation, than they do in religious
rites and ceremonies.
Neath, W. Ion. 4. lat, 5? 42,
a market town of GJamor-;' .. hire,
in S. Wales, fit. on the river Neath,
near Briftol channel^ 28 ni. ... W.
of Landaff,
Necxar, a river of Germany^
which rifing in the S. of the cir. of
Suabia, runs N. through that cir.
palling by Tubingen, Stutgard, Hail-
bron, and Morfbach, and then turn-
ing W. falls into the Kii'int at Man-
heim.
NfEDHAM, E, ion. I. 6. lar.
52r 18. a market town of Suffolk,
fit. on the river Orwel, 8 m. N. W.
of Ipfwicb,
Needles, two capes, or point9,
at the W. end of the ifle of Wight,
very difficult to pafs on account ef
the fands and rocks.
Negapatan, E. Ion, 70. lat.
<ii. 15, a port town of the Hither
India, in Afia, fit. on the coall of
Chorflna^^del, »o m. S. of Trine um.
X^ A a bar,
N E
N E
Irar, or Trankebar, where the Dutch
.have a tort and fadory.
Negombo, E. Ion. 78, lat. 7.
a5. a port town on the W. coaft of
the illc of Ceylon, in the Indian
CLcan, in Ada ^ Tub. to the Dutch.
Negrais, E. Ion. 92. 30. lat.
a'', a port town of Fegu in the Fur-
ther India, in Afia, lit. on the £.
4ide of the bay of Bengal, 240 m,
W. of the city of Peeu,
Negril Point, the moft wcft-
cily promontory of the ifland of Ja-
maica, in An^erica,
Negro Cape, E. Ion. 14. S,
lat, 17. a promontory of Angola,
on the W. ccaft of Africa, being
the moft foutherly country in Afiica,
to which the Europeans refort tef
purchafe Haves.
Negroes Island, E. Ion. 120.
lat. lo. one of the Philippine iflands,
in the Indian ocean, in Afia, fit. be-
tAcen the iflands of Panay and Cebu,
io called becufe naoll of the inhabi-
tants are Blacks j fub. to Spain.
Negroland, crNiGRiTiA, a
country in Africa, lies between 18
degrees W. and 15 degrees £. Ion.
And between 10 and 20 degrees of
^. lat. the great river Niger running
through it, from E. to W. It is
t)Ounded by Zaara, or the the defart,
on the N. by unknown countries on
the £. by Guinea on the S. and by
the Atlantic ocean on the W. there
being feveral European fettlements
on the branches of the river Niger,
efpecially near their mouths. The
generality of the people are black,
but there are a tawny race inter-
mixed with them j both of them of
the Mahometan religion. A great
tnany nations inhabit the banks of
the river Niger, of different lan-
guages, and independent on each
A)ther. It is a fruitful country, a-
bounding in rice, Guinea-grain, and
Indian- corn, where it is cultivated,
and does not want cattle } coco-nuts,
jplantains, pulfe, palm trees, and tro-
>l>iail fruits they have in abundance.
The Bufopeans traffic with them for
flaves^ gold, ivory, bees-wax, and
3
drugs, particularly gum fenega, which
is a profitable article.
Negropont, anciently Eubea,
an ifland in the Egean fea, or Archi.
pelago, fit, N. E. of the coaft of
Achaia, or Livadia, from which it
is ffparaled by a narrow channel
called the Euripus, or Itrait of Ne-
gropont, The ifland is 90 m. long,
and from 2 to 25 m. broad, abound-
ing in corn, wine, fruits, fifh, fltfli,
and fowl j but what this ifland has
ever been remarkable for, is the
var'ahle tides, which are fometimes
regular, and at others irregular, ac-
cording to the age of the moon :
thefe are regular from the three laft
days of the old moon, to the eighth
of the new, on the ninth day thty
become irregular, and continue fo to
the thirtecnlh indufive, and then
they flow 12, 13, or 14 times, and
ebb as often, in 24 or 25 hours ; but
neither the regular or irregular tides
rife much above a foot.
Negropont, or Egripos
CiTV, E. Ion. 24. 30. lat. 38. 30.
capital of the ifland of Negropont,
f*^. 34 m. N. of Setines, or Athens,
id 70 m. N. E. of Corinth, on the
W. fide of the ifland, where the flrait
is fo narrow, that it is joined to the
continent of Livadia, by a bridge.
The walls of the town, in which the
Turks reflde, are two miles round ;
and the fuburbs where the Chri-
Aians inhabit, much larger. The
Captain BafTa, or Admiral of the
Turki/h fleet, is Beglerbeg, or Vice-
roy of the ifland, aud of the neigh-
bouring continent of Greece ; and a
fleet of galleys generally lie in that
port. This is much the largefl of
all the iflands of the Archipelago,
and with the tel\, fubjc£t to the
Turks.
Neisse, orNsiss, £. Ion. 16.
45. lat. 50. 25. a town of the D. of
Siiefia, in the K. of Bohemia, fit.
on the river Neiflfe, 43 m. S. of
Breflaw.
N K I V A, a river of Mufcovy,
which feparates Carelia from Ingria,
and on which the capital city of Pe-
teriburg
N E
N E
R I F 8
1. 38. 30.
egropont,
Athens,
on the
the flrait
ed to the
bridge,
hich the
round J
le Chri-
r. The
of the
or Vice,
neigh-
ami a
that
argeft of
)ipe]ago,
to the
lion. 16.
jhc D. of
Imia, fit,
S. of
[ufcovy,
Ingria,
of Pe-
I terfburg
in
(cr/burg ftands, rifes in the lake La-
doga) and running W. falls into the
gulph of Finland.
Nellenburg, E. Ion. 9. lat.
47. 55. a city of Germany, in the
cir. of Siiabia, cap. of the county of
Neilenburg, fit. 15 m. N, of Con-
fiance J fub. to the houfe of Auftria.
Nelson fort, W. long. 91.
Jat. 57. a fort and fettlement on the
W. fide of Hudfon's bay, in Canada,
in North America, fit. at the mouth
of Nelfon river, on a bay of the fea,
600 m, N. W. of Rupert fort, and
250 m. S. E. of Churchill fort, fub,
to Great Britain, and in pofleflion
of the fadlors of the Hudfon's bay
company.
Nem.«a, the name of a town in
the Morea, 30 m. S. of Corinth,
where the ancients celebrated games
in honour of Hercules.
Nemours, £. Ion. 2. 45. lat.
48. 17. a city in the ifle of France,
42 m. S. of Paris.
Nerac, E. Ion. 10 min. lat. 44.
8. a town of France, in the pr. of
Gafcony, in the ter. of Bazadois,
JO m. W. of Agen.
N E r I c I A, a pr. of Sweden,
bounded by Weftmania on the N.
Sunderland on the £. and Gothland
on the S. W.
Nero, £. Ion. 128. S. lat. 4. a
fortrefs fit. at the W. end cf one
of the Banda iflands of the fame
name, in the Indian ocean, in Ada,
60 m. S, of the ifland of Ceram,
and 120 miles S. E. of Amboina.
This is one of thofe forts, by which
the Dutch command the navigation
of thofe feas, and defend their ufurped
dominion of the iflands, where only
mace and nutmegs grow : it is ftme-
timcs called fort NafTau.
Netherlands, fit. between 2
and 7 degrees of E. Ion. and between
50 and 53 degrees 30 min. of N. lat.
bounded by the German fea on the
N. by Germany on the E. by Lor-
rain and France on the S. and
by another part of France and the
Britifli feas on the W, extending
Bear 300 m. in length from N, to
S. and 200 m. in breadth from K.
to VV. The ancient name of ilii»
country was Belgia, but fince de-
nominated the Netherlands or Low
Countries, from their low fituation,
near the mouths of feveral great ri-
vers ; the maritime parts whereof
were a morafs, till drained by tiie
indufiry of the numerous people that
retired hither from the peffecutions
and oppreinon of the Spani.irds, and
other bigotted powers, Thefe pro-
vinces are in number 17, and for-
merly enjoyed great privileges, be-
ing governed by as many J'rincec^
under the various titles of Dukcb,
Counts, or Lords, but became at
length united by marriage?, con)-
padt, or conqueft, in the houfe of
Burgundy, anno i4'^o ; and carno
under the dominion of Spain, about
the year 1506, by a marriage be-
tween the heirefs of the houfe of
Burgundy and Spain, and were by
Charles V. Emperor of Germany,
and K. of Spain, conftituted part of
the circle of Burgundy. Philip II.
K. of Spain, fucceeding his f?rher
the Emperor Charles V. and per-
fecuting and opprefling his fubjttta
in the Low Countries, either upon
account of their oppofing his en-
croachments on their liberties, or
embracing the doftrines of the re-
formation, occafioned a civil war in
thefe countries ; and at length, 7
of the 17 provinces, threw off the
Spanifh yoke, and formed an alli-
ance at Utrecht, anno 1579, which
obtained the name of the Union of
Utrecht : and thefe provinces have
ever fince been called the United
Provinces. The other ten provinces
were reduced to the obedience of
Spain, and were fubjeft to that
crown, till conquered by the allies,
and refigned to the houfe of Auftria
by the treaty of Utrecht, anno 1713;.
»nder whofe dominion moft of the
ten ftill remain, and are called the
Aufttian Netherlands. But Aitois,
part of Flanders, Hainalt, and the
Cambrefis, are in the poflenion of
Uie Fiench, and called the Frencli
Aa a Nether-
N E
N E
Netherlandf. The Dutch alfo pof-
fefs the North part of Biabant and
Flanders, which arc therefore called
Dutch Brabantj and Dutch Flan*
ders. As to the produce, conftitu-
tion, and government of the Nether-
lands, thefe are treated of under the
lieads of the Austrian Net he r-
tANns, and United Nether-
lANDS.
The French reduced almoft all
the AuArian Netherlands in the late
war, except Limburg and Luxem-
burg.
Netherlanps Austrian
and French, confift of lo pro-
vinces^ viz. I. Flanders, z. Bra-
bant, 3. Antwerp, 4. M<°-hlin, or
Malines, 5. Liniburg, t. Luxem-
burg, 7, Hainalt, 8. The Cambre-
fjs, 9. Namur, and 10, Artois.
The foil is generally fruitful, pro-
ducing good corn and pafture, and
their gravelly light lands are now as
valuable as the rich heavy ground,
by the improvements they have
made with fown grafs, turnips, Sec.
but chiefly by their plantations of
flnx and hemp; their manufaAures
of linnen and lace are brought to
great perfeftion, viz. their lawns,
rambricks, Mechlin and BrolTels
lace ; their tapeftry is very rich,
and they have ftill a good woollen
manufadlure, particularly camblets
and light llufFs.
Flanders is a flat country, fcarce
a hill or a Aone to be met with in it.
T)ie licheft land lies between Dun-
kirk and Bruges, extending 40 m.
in length, abounding in wheat, bar-
ley, and as geod meadow and paflure
as is to be met with in Europe :
but between Bruges and Ghent, and
Ghent and Antwerp, is a gravelly
or fandy foil, and that part of Bra-
bant which lies between Antwerp
and Holland, is equally unfit for
corn, but enrich'd with plantations
of flax, hemp, and hops.
The reft of the Auftrian Nether-
lands confifts of little hills and val-
leys, woods, inclofcd ground, and
champaign fields^ not unlike Eng-
land J and their numerous rivers and
navigable canals give them a great
advantage of us, carriage of the
produce of the country from one part
to another cofting very little.
They had the greateft woollen
manufadlurc in the world while
Bruges was the market for Engiifh
wool, and the foreign trade of Ant-
werp exceeded that of any port in
Europe, until the Dutch built forts
at the mouth of the Scheld, and
turn'd the current of trade to Hol-
land. No country has more great
towns, or finer fortifications. It has
been the feat Of war thefe 200 years
almoft, the French and Spaniards,
and their allies, contending perpe-
tually for this rich country.
The Icgiflativc authority of the
refpeAive provinces is, or ought to
be, vefted in the fovereign, and the
ftates of each province, which con-
Ms, I. of the bifliops, abbots, and
dignified clergy, a. of the nobility
and gentry j and 3. the burgtfles oV
their great towns, who meet at Bruf-
fels, but aftemble in feparate houfcs,
and make laws for their tefpeftive
provinces. The civil and canon law
are in force here where they do not
interfere with the nninicipal laws of
the country.
By the ancient laws of the coun-
try, no foreign forces ought to be
introduced ; but this is not regarded
now, either by the Auftrians or
French, any more than fome of the
reft of their privileges. By the
treaty of Utrecht their barrier towns
were to be garrifon'd by 25,000
Dutch. Their religion is moderate
popery, the Inquifition does not
reign here.
Njeuenstat, E. long. 9. 20,
lat. 49. 20. a town of Germany, in
the D. of Wirtemburg, fit, on the
river Kocher, iz ta, N. £. of HaiU
bron.
Nevers, E. Ion. 3. 15. lat. 46.
50. a city of France, in the pr. of
Orleaoois, capital of Nivernois, /it.
on the river Loire, 80 m* S. £. of
Orleans. . ^
Neuf*
N E
N E
Neutchattel, E. Ion. 6. 35.
lat. 47, 10. fit. at the N. end of
the lake of Neufchaitel, 20 m. N,
W. of Bern. A well built town,
cap. of th*" counties of Neufchattcl
and Vallen^in ; governed ny a coun-
cil of 60 bjrghers. They are com-
burghers with the canton of Bern,
thoir only protestor, and umpire of
all their differences between ih;;a)
and their fovcreign.
Neufchattel, and Vnllen-
gin counties, are bounded by the
biHi. of Bafil on the N. by the lake
of Neutc battel on the £. by the
canton of Bern on the S. and by
Fiancbe Comte in France en the W.
being about 40 m. long, and 20
broad, fub. to the fame prince, and
form together one little ftate, for
tliey are a free independent people,
though they have a prince at ui;-ir
bead. No laws rri.iJc but by the
three tftates ^ no taxes raiii-d, or ma-
'^"iflrates appointed, but by the ftates.
' i he whole country is of the rcfor-
n.ed religion, except two Roman Ca-
tholic villages. Upon the death of
the Diichefs of Nemours, fovereign of
Ntufchatte), anno 1707, there were
many conopetitors, but the ftates
nindc choice of the K.. of FruHia to
hiccved her, v. ho derived his title
from the houfe of Oiange and Cha-
lons. The country produces fome
good wine, but is for the moft part a
mountainous barren foil.
NiiUFCHATTEI , E. loD. 1. 30.
lat. 49. 50. a town of P'rance, in
the pr. of Normandy, fit. 23 m,
N. E. of Rouen.
Neufchatteau, E. Ion 5,
20. lat. 50. a town of the Auftrian
Netherlands, in the pr. of Luxem-
burgh, fjt. 20 m. N.E. of Sedan.
Nevin, or New in, VV. ion. 4.
4^. lat. 53. a market town of North
Wales, in the co. of Canuirvon,
lit. iS m. S. W. of Carnarvon.
Nevis, W, Ion. 62. lat. 17. 30.
one of the Caribbee iflands, iu the
Annerican ocean, divided from the
E. end of St. Chriftophers, by a
iAttQw chifiutlj^ and fit. So ai.
N. W. of Guadalupe, fub, to E.ng-
IdnJ.
Neustat, E.^jon. 16. i^. lat^
48. a city of Germany, in the cir. of
Auftria, fit. 30 ni. S, of Vienna*
Neusiat, E. Ion, 9. 22. lat.
52. 43. a town of Germany, in the
lower cir. of Saxonv, and Eleif^tiratc
ot Haiiover, lit. on the river Lciiui,
16 m. N. W. of Hanover city.
Newark, W. Ion. 45 mm. ht.
53. 6. a borough town ci Nouiiig-
hamfliue, fit. vn the river Iri-nr,
15 m. N.E. of Nottingham J fends
two members to parliament.
Newborough, W. Ion. 4. 3c.
lat, 53. 15. a market to\vn of th?
ille of Aiiglcfey, in N. Wale.;, fit.
15 m, S. W. of Beaumaris.
Newbcrg, E. lun. II. 15. lr.t,
48, 45. a city of Germany, in the
cir, of Bavaria, lap. of tlrj D. of
Newburg, lit. 40 m. S. W. of Ra.-
tiibon, and 2S m. N.E. of A-Jg-
iburg, fubjc(fk to the Elc>!toi Pa,-
latine.
New BURG, E. Ion. ?>. 30. lat.^
48. 45. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Suabia, and D. of Wirlcm-
burgi fit. 25 m. W, of Sr.utgart.
New BURG, E, Ion, 7, 30. l.ir.
48. a town of Germany, in thi- cir.
of Suabia, fit. on the river Rhine,
12 m. N. of B.ilii, and as nia.ny
S..of Biifac j tub. to the houfe of
Aiillria.
Newbury, W. Icn. i. 25. lat.
51. 27. a iiiarlcct town of Bsiklhiie,
fit. 15 m. W. of Reiding.
Newcastle, VV. Ion. 1. lO.,
lat. 55. the CO. town of Norihiim-
bcrland, fit, on the river Tine, 23a
m, N, of London, and 60 m. S. £.
of Berwic, ilere moft of the coa's
that are brought to London, ait p'it
on board lighters, and knt down .Uie
river to Sh.elds and Tinmonth, where
they are (hipped for Lgtuion ; this
town fcods two members to par.
Nev; CASTLE, W. Ion. 2. .J2..
lat. 53. a borough town of ScafFiJ^di
/hire, fit. 10 m. N, of Stafi-yui j
fends two members to-par.. ,, _,»
NswcASTLE, V/. ivn* 4. 3^»
A a 3 Itx.,
N E
N E
lat, 52. 8. a market town of Carmar*
thenlhire, in S. Wales, fir. 15 m.
N. of Carmarthen. '-
Newfidler Sea, a lake in
tht N. W. part of Upper Hungary,
35 m. long.
New Forest, a part of Hamp-
/hirc, fit. on the Englifh channel,
oppofile to the ifle of Wight, appro-
priated for the growth of oaks to
build the royal navy, by aft of par-
liament.
Newfoundland, an ifland fit.
in the Atlantic ocean, in America,
■between 55 and 61 degrees of W.
Ion. and between 47 and 52 degrees
of N. lat. feparated from New Bri-
tain, or Efl«imaux, by the narrow
fliait of Belifle on the N. bounded
by the ocean on the £. and S. and
by the bay of St. Lawrence on the
W. lying about 40 m. N. E» of
Cape Breton. This ifland is of a
triangular form, 350 m. in length,
fiom N, to S. and 200 m. in
breadth at the bafe, from E. to W.
where broadeft. It is a much colder
country than England, the ground
being covered with fnow five mori'hs
in winter j but it is much hotter
in fummer. It is a mountainous,
barten country, but well fupplied
with wood and water, and has fe-
vcral commodious bays and har-
bours. The fifhing banks on this
eoaft are frequented by mod Euro-
pean nations; feldomi lefs than five
«r fix hundred fail of ftiips-arc load-
en bete with tod-fiih annually, the
Italon continuing from the fpiing till
autumn. The Frci.ch had once
feme fcttlements here, but the pro-
perty of the ifland was yielded to the
Englifh by the treaty of Utrecht j
only the French are allowed the li-
biity of curing their fifh on the nor-
thern coatV ot the itland : but it is
fo cold and uncomfortable a coun-
tiy,jtliat there are not above 4 or
500 families of IingliJh remain here
all the yc;>r, bcfidcs the garrifons of
St. Jolu^s, Placcntia, iiid other
forts ) but in the fiflting feafon there
nay be ic^coo £cop^c Dioic here.
There are but few native Indians on
the ifland, but in the winter the
Indians of New Britain pafs the flraits
of Belifle, and come over to hunt
here. The Englifli had no clergy-
men among them till lately, but now
the fociety for propagation of the
gofpel, fend a miflionary thither,
who ufualiy refides at Bonavida, bat
is a kind of itinerant preacher, vifi<
ting Trinity Habour, Placentia, and
other fettlements, as he has oppor-
tunity. There is plenty of venifon,
fifli, and fowl, in the ifland, but very
little corn, fruit, or cattle : the in-
habitants receive moft of their pro.
vifions, as well as cloathing and fur-
niture, anmially from England, at
the return of the ihif ping.
New England. See Eng-
land NtW.
New Guinea. See Pafou's
territory.
New Holland, an onknown
country, S. of the Oriental Iflands j
to which the Dutch have given
this name, but planted no colonies
m it.
Newhausel, E. Ion. t8. iz.
lat. 48. 25. a city of Upper Hungary,
fit. on the river Neytra, 32 m. t.
of Prefljurgj fub. to the houfe of
Auftria.
Newmark, E, Ion. 23. 25. lat.
47. 35. a city of Tranfilvania, fit.
on the river Merifti, 40 m. N. of
Claufenburg j fub. to the houfe cf
Auflria.
Newmark, E. Ion. 11. 30. lit,
49. 20. a town of Germany, in the
Sal. of Bavaria, fit, 30 m, N. W. ot
Latin>on.
N»wmarket, E. Ion. 25 mm.
lat. 52. 16. a market town, fit. both
in Cambridgeshire and Sutfblk, 12
m. £. of Cambridge, and 12 m. W.
of L'ury, moft remarkable for the
races, where the King's plate is run
for at Eaftcrj and in October an>
nually.
Niwnham, W. Ion. 2. 28, lat.
51. 46. a market town of Gloccfte-
rhirc, fit. on the W. fiie of the
Severn, |q mt-S* W, of Olocefter.
N«w.
N E
N I
Newfort, W, Ion. ». 25. lat.
CO. 50. a borough town in the ifle
6f Wight, in Hampihire, fit, in the
middle of the ifland, almofl 15 m.
S. of Southampton j fends two mem-
bers to parliament.
Newport, £. Ion. 2. 40. la^.
51. 18. a port town of the AuHrian
Netherlands, in the pr. of Flinders,
fit. 9 m. S.W. of Oftend, 16 N.E.
of Dunkirk, and 6 m, N. £. of
Furnes.
Newport, W. Ion. 2. 26. lat,
52. 45. a market town of Shrop.
ihire, fit. 1 5 m. E. of ShrewA)ury.
Newport, W. Ion. 3. iat. 51.
401 a market town of Monmouth-
ftiire, fir. on the river Vik, 18 m.
S. W. of Monmouth.
Newport, W. Ion. 4. 50. lat,
52. 6. a market town of Pembroke-
shire, fit. 16 m. N.E. of St. Da-
vid's,
Newport, W. !on. 4, 45. lat.
•50. 40. a borough town in Corn-
wall, fit. 10 m, W, of Launcefton j
fends two members to parliament.
Newport Fagnel, W, Ion.
50 min. lat. 52. 5. a market town
in Bucks, fit, 16 m, N, of Ailef-
bury,
Newsol, E, Ion. 19. 6. lat. 48,
50, a town of Upper Hungary, fit.
50 m. N. E. of Newhaufcl, and 10
m. N. of Chremmitz j confiderable
for its copper-mines, being the "ich-
eft in Hungary, fiiver being frequent-
ly extracted from them.
Newstat, E. Ion, 8, lat. 49.
18. a town of Germany, in the
pal. of the Rhine, fit, 8 m. N. of
L.indau.
Newstat, E. Ion. 11. 55.
lat. 48. 50. a town of Germany,
in the cir. of tidvaria, fit. on the
river Danube, 15 m. S. W, of Ra-
ti fbon.
Newstat, E. Ion, 17, lat. 50.
22. a town of Bohemia, in the D.
of Silefia, 50 m. S. of JJrcflaw.
Newstat, £. Ion. 16. 40. lat.
49. 45. a town of Bohemia, in the
mar. of Moravia, fit. la m, N, of
(Miootz ) I'ub. to Auilriu*.
Newstat, E. Ion, 22. 30, lar,
47. 30. a town of Hungary, fit, 65
m. E. of Tockay, fub. to the Em-
prefs Quee.i.
Newtcn, W. Ion, a. 33. lat,
53. 30. a borouch town of Lanca-
ihire, fit. 35 m. S. of Lancafler j
fends two members to parliament.
Newton, W, loji. 3. 20. lat.
52. 36. a market town of Mont-
gomeryfhire, in North Wales, fit. en
the river Severn, 8 m. S. W. of
Montgomery.
Newton, W. Ion. i. 35. lat,
50, 40. a borough town in the ifle
of Wight, in Hampftire, fit. on the
N. W, coaft of the ifland, la m. S,
of Southampton} fends two mem-
bers to parliament.
Neyland, E. Ion. 55 min. lat,
52. 5. a market town of Suffolk,
fit. on the river Stour, or Maning-
tree> 14 m. S. W. of Ipfwich.
Niagara Cataract, W, Ion,
80. lat. 41. fit. in Canada, in N.
America, between the lakes Liie and
Ontaiio, where the w.»tcr falls frona
high rocks, 156 feet perpendicular.
The mift which this fjll occafions,
may be ieen at 15 m. dillance, rifing
as high as the clouds, and formag a
beautiful rainbow.
NiBANo, £. Ion. 10. iat. 45. 5.
a town of Italy, in the D. of l^atmii,
fit. 35 m. W, of Parma.
Nicaragua, a pr. cf Mexico,
in America, is bounded by the pr,
of Hu4)dura6 on the N, by the North
fea on the E. by the pr. c! Coftarica
on the S. £. and by the S. fea on the
S, W. being 400 m. in length, from
£. to W, and 120 broad from N. to
S. It is one of the plealanteft and
moft fruitful provinces in Mexico,
lying on theN. and S. feas, and well
watered with lakes and rivers } (o
that it is much cooler thitn cuuid b«
expedlrd in a country that lies within
J 2 degrees of the equator. The chitf
cities in this pr. arc Leon, Ria,
Lcjo, and GLinaJa.
Nicaragua Lake and
River, run« thro' the middle of
the pr. tho \y, en<i lying within 5
N I
N I
leagues of the S. fea, and the rfver
V'hich runs from it, falls into the
N. fca} but there are fuch terrible
cataradls, or water -falls, in the ri-
ver, that it is not navigable in many
places.
NicASiA, £. Ion. 26. 5. lat.
37. one of the illands of the Archi-
pelago, in Afiatic Turky, fit. W.
of Samos } one of the leait and bar.
reneft of the Grecian iflands, and the
people faid to be the moil flothful
and unpolifhed.
NicASTRO, £. Ion. 16. 40. lat.
39. 15. a town of Italy, in the K.
of Naples, and ter. of Calabria, fit.
16 m. S, oi Cufenza.
Nice, a CO. of Italy, in the ter.
of Piedmonr, is bounded by the mar.
of SjIuzzo on the N. by the co. of
Tende and the ter. of Genoa on the
£. by the Mediterranean on the S.
and by the co. of Bjglio, and Pro-
vence in France, on the W. from
V'hich it is feparated by the river
Var. It is a mountainous country,
pioduces wine and oil, but little
corn.
Nice City, E. Ion. 7. 15. lat.
43. 40. capital of the co. of Nite,
lit. on the Meditenancan, at the
rocuth of the river Var, 70 m. S.
of Turin, 40 m. S. of Coni, and 10
m. N. of Antibcs in France, It is a
veil fortified town, and faid to be
derendcd by a ftr^ng caftle, but has
been ofttjn taken by the French,
with very little trouble, I'ub. to the
K. of Sardinia.
Nice, E. Ion. 30. 5. lat. 41, a
town of*Afi.uic Tuiky, fit. in the
LeiFer Afia, 50 m. S. t. of Con-
lUntinople. It was anciently a laige,
populous, and weJl-built city, and
IS ihll a confidcrable town. Here
Confimtini-- the Grc.it alFcmbled the
firlt general c>)iincil, anno 325,. to
fiipprcfs ihe Arian bercfy j and here
tlic Greek Enipeiors rctidcd after
Connantiuoplc was taken by the
Turks.
Nicholas (St.) E. Ion. 6. 15.
Ut« 4i}> 46,, a tuwn of Gcisian;^', in
thj D. of Lorrair, fir. 10 m. S. E,
of Nancy »
Nicholas (St.) E.lon. 41. lat.
64. a port town of Ruflia, in the pr,
of Dwina, fit. on the White fea, at
the mouth of the river Dwina, 6 m,
below the city cf Archangel, the
White liea being fometimes called
the bay of St. Nicholas.
Nicobar IsLANns, fit. in the
Indian ocean, in Afia, N. of the
illand of Sumatra, at the entrance
of tlie bay of Bengal, 300 m. W. of
the further peninfula of India, be<
tween 92 and 94. de.rees of £. Ion.
and between 7 and 10 degrees of N.
lat. the largefi of thefe ifiands, whi(.h
gives name to the relf, and li-JS far-
theA S. is 40 m. long, and 1 5 broad.
The natives are of a tawny com-
plexion, and live in little huts, haviixg
no towns, and go almoil naked.
Their country is almoft covered with
wood, and produces no corn, b.t
they have a fruit which they boil,
and fetves them inllead of bread j
they have alio coco-nuts, plantains,
and other tropical fruits, on which
they live, with the fifh they take,
but fcem to flight fleft, tho' they
have hogs and poultry enougli ; whij
which they fuppiy the (Jiips whiih
touch here: and yet thefe people, ao
well as their neighbours ot the An-
dcman iflands, were reported to b-:
canibals, when the Europeans fiilt
vifited them. The natives, in re-
turn for the provifions they turniih
fliips with, take iron, tobacco, and
linen, and don't feem to have aay
commerce with the nations on ihc
aiijacciit continent j nor to be c(
any of the fedts of religion wc
meet with there, ha/ing no images
or temples, but fcem to wor/hip the
moon.
NicoMEniA, E. l)n, 30. lat.
41. 20. a city of Afiatic Tuiky, in
the Lclfer Alia, fit. at the bottom
of a bay of the fea of Proponiis,
30 m» S. E. cf Conilnntinople J onct
the CHpital of Oyihinia, and ItiU a
populous, tudini town, pleafaiuiy
6;ua!.ci
N I
N I
fituated in a fruitful country j tiie in-
habitants confifting of Jews, Chri-
flians, and Turks, whofe manufac-
tures are chieBy fllk, cotton, glafs
and earthen-ware.
NicopoLis, £. Ion. 25. lat. 43.
a city of European Turky, in the
pr, of Bulgaria, fit. on the river
Danube, ico m. N. W. of Adria-
nople.
NicoppiNG, E. Ion. 16. 30.
lat, 58. 50. a city of Sweden, in the
pr. of Sunderland, fit. W. of the
Baltic fea, and 50 m. S. of Stock-
holm.
NicoppiNG, W. Ion. 10. lat.
55. cap. of the ifiand of Hulfter, in
the Baltic fea, 48 m. S. W. of Co-
penhagen, fub. to Denmark.
Nicosia, E. Ion. 35. lat. 35.
cap. of the ifiand of Cyprus, in
Afiatic Turky, fit. xoo m. W. of
Tripoli, in Syria, and 160 m. S.W.
of Aleppo.
NicoTERA, £. Ion. i6. 14. lat.
38. 50. a port torwn of Italy, in the
K. of Naples, an'd ter. of Calabria,
fit. on the Tufcan fea, 30 m, N. E.
of Reggio.
NicoYA, or St, Lucak, W.
Ion. 88. lat. 10. 15. a port town of
Mexico, in America, in the pr. of
Cnda Rica, fit. on a bay of the S.
fea, 45 m. S. E. of Nicaragua.
NicMCN, or Bkrezina, a ri-
ver of Poland, which rifes in Lithu-
ania, and runs W. by Novogorod,
and then turning N. palfes by
Grodno and Kowno, where it joins
the Wilia, and then running W.
falls into a bay of the Baltic fea,
near Mcmel,
NiENHUts, E. Ion. 8, 25. lat.
51. 40. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Wcftphalia, and bi(h. of Pa-
derborne, fit. on the river Lippe,
ao m. £. of Lipfiat.
NlFPKR, or BomSTHENKS, a
river which rifes in the middle of
Mufcovy, runs W. by Smolcn/ko,
then mnnifig S. thro' 1'ol.ind, partes
by Mogi!(>f, or Mohilow, then en-
ters the Rullian Ukrain, parting by
Kiof and CircalTu, and continues
its courfe S. E. feparates Little Tar*
tary from Budziac Tartary, falling
into the Black fea near Oczakow,
On that river the old ColTacks iiiiia-
bit, who fiequently trofs the Black
fea, and plunder the maritime places
on the coaft of Turky.
NiESTAT, E. Ion. II. 36. lat.
53. 40. a town of Gtwmany, in the
cir. of Lower Saxony, and D. of
Mecklcmburg, 16 m, S. of Swcrin.
NiESTAT, E. Ion. 14. 15. lit.
52. 46. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Upper Saxony, in"* mar. of
Brandenburg, 25 m. N. E. of Berlin.
NiESTER, a river that rifes near
Lemburg in Poland, and running S.
E. divides Fodolia in Poland, from
Moldavia in Turky, and afterwards
dividin;i Befiarabia from Budziac Tar-
tary, falls into the Black fea near
Belgorod.
Nicer, a great; river of Africa,
vrhofe fource is uncertain, ruiu froni
E. toW. thro' the middle of Negro-
land, difcharging itfelf into the At-
lantic ocean, by three channels, the
moft foutherly called Rio Grande,
that in the middle the Gambia, and
that OR the N. the river Senega.
It being 300 m. between the nor-
thern and fouthern channels, and
all the low country between them is
annually overflowed, at the latter
end of the fummer, as Egypt is by
the liver Nile, much about the fame
time, both proceeding from the pe-
riodical rains, which fall within the
tropics. But that all the three
branches proceed from one river is
mcer conjefture, they may be three
different rivers ; however, near the
mouth of them the Portuguefe, Eng-
li^, and French, have feveral fac-
tories and ffttlements, where they
traffic with the natives for fi-ncf,
gold, ivory, gum-fenfga, wax, and
other drugs.
NioRiTiA, See Necrcland
in Africa.
Nile, the great river of Egypt,
in Africa, has its fource in Abylfi-
nia, or the Upper Ethiopia, in iz
degrees N* lat. It runs generally
fion)
NI
N I
from S. to N. thro' Abyfllnla Into
Egypt, and then continues its courfe
N. in one ftream, till it comes be-
low Cairo, to the Delta, where it
divides j one branch difcharging itfelt
into the Mediterranean at Dnmieta,
and the other ico m. to tliO weft-
ward of it, at Rofetta. In the upper
part of the dream, we have been
told, there are drcadfiU cataracts,
where the water falls in /heets, from
high precipices ; out later travellers
of credit, of our own naiicn, afTiire
us there are no fuch catarads, only
fome rocks, which indeed hinder
nnigation, but the water does nut
fall in /heets from high hills, or
precipices, as was currently reported
by the ancients and moderns, till
very lately. It runs, 'tis obferved,
through the hilly country of Upper
Egypt, with greater rapidity than it
does through the Delta, or Lower
Egypt, where the country is level j
which is the cafe of many other
rivers, There are great rejoicings
every year when the Nile rifes to a
certain height, their future harveft
depending on it. The juft height
of the inundation, according to
Pliny, is i6 cubits ; when it arifes
but to 12 cr 13 a famine is expec-
ted, and when it exceeds 16 there
is danger apprchcndi-'d : the moderns
do not agree exadly with the anci-
ents about the height of the inun-
dation, but there is no great differ-
ence in their accounts. The tivcr
begins to rife ufually in May or
June ; and there flanis a pillar on
an ifland oppofite to Old Cairo, di-
vided into picks, a mea«"ure of about
two feet, to obfervc how much it
rife^j and when it is high enough,
the kh.jlis, or great canal is cut,
from whence it is conveyed into
Biher refetvoirs and ciftcrns, to be
diflributcd to theii fields and garden?,
Jis they want it. ^s to the Delta,
or Luv\er Ejivpt, that is all over-
flowed ; theie ncnls no art to carry
it into their fields. This part of
the cuntiy is always fowcd with
tkc therefore, which grows in water.
Their towns ftanding on little emi-
nences, during the flood appear like
fo m;iny irtands. This overflowing
of the Nile, is occafioned by the
periodical rains, which annually fall
within the tropics, where the fource
of the Nile is j and that which
m:ikes the flood the greater is, that
Ethiopia, or Abyilinia, where it rifes,
is full of high mountain?, from
whence the waters flioot in torrents,
and fwell the river beyond its ufual
bounds.
NiMEGuEN, E. Ion. 5. 50. lat,
51.55. a city of the United Nether-
lands, fit. on the river Waal, in the
pr. of Guelderland, 10 m. S. of Arn«
heim, and 52 m. S. E. of Amftcr-
dam. It furrende ed to the French,
anno 1672, after a fiege of 6 days,
and they continued in poflelTion ot"
it till 1674. Here was made the
treaty between the Dutch and their
all.es, with France, anno 1679, cal-
led the treaty of Nimeguen.
NiMPO, £. Ion. I2Z. lat. 30. a
city and port town of China, in the
pr. of Chekiam, fit. 2 days fail S. E.
of Japan, with which this port has
a very great trade, importing from
thence gold, filver, copper, ftcci,
japan cabinets, and pther lacquer 'd
ware.
Nineveh, an ancient city of
AlTyria, (now Curdiftan) was fit. on
the eaftern bank of the river Tygris,
oppofite to the place where Moufful,
a city of Afiatic Turky, ftands. This
city is faid to have been 60 m. in cir-
cumference, or 3 days journey (ac-
cording to Jonas) for a foot man.
NiNOVE, E. Ion. 3. 50. lat. 50*
55. a town of the Auflrian Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Flanders, fit. ca
tlie ri^er Dender, 13 m. W. of Diuf-
fels.
Nio, a fmall Turki/h ifland, in
the Archipelago, fit. N.W. ofSan-
toiini, remarkable for little but tlic
tomb of Homer, who is faid to be
buried here.
NioHT, W. Ion. 30 min. lat. 46.
zz. a town cf France, in the pr. nf
OrlciJiois, and tcr. of Poii^ou, fit.
oa
N I
N O
on the river Seure, a8 m. N, E. of
Rochelle.
Nip HON, the largeft of the iflands
of Japan, fit. in the Indian ocean, in
Alia, 130 m. E. of China, being
about 600 m. long, and from 100 to
130 broad, containing 55 provinces j
the chisf town Jeddo. See Jap an.
NisMEs, £. Ion. 4. 26. lat. 43i
40. a city of France, in the pr, of
Lmguedoc, fit. 28 m. N. E. of Mont-
pelier. It is a large elegant town
containing above 12,000 families j
and here is a Roman amphitheatre,
the moft entire of any in Europe.
NiSNA, or NiSE-NoVOGOROD,
E. Ion. 45. lat. 56. a city of RufTia,
cipital of the pr. of Nife, or Little
Novogorod, fit. on the river Ocka,
200 m. E. of the city of Mofco.
NissA, E. Ion. 23. lat. 43. a city
of European Turky, in the pr. of
Servia, fit. on the river Morava, 130
tn. S, E. of Belgrade.
NissA, orNizzAjE. Ion. 8. 40.
lat. 44. 45, a town of Italy, in the
D. of Montferrat, fit, 15 m. S. W. of
Alexandria, fub. to the K. of Sardinia.
NiTHSDALE, a CO. of Scotland,
bounded by Clydefdale on the N". by
Annandalc on the E. by Solway frith
on the S. and by Galloway on the W.
NiTRACHT, orNEYTREA, E.
Ion. 18. 25. lat. 48. 38. a town of
Hungary, fit, on the river Neytra,
40 m. N. E. of Prefburg.
NiucHE, a K. of Chincfian Tar-
tary, fit. N. of the pr. of Laotung,
whofe K. made a conqueft of China,
ab')ut no years ago; and eftabiifhed
his family on that throne, the capi-
tal city Niuche.
NivELLE, E. Ion. 4, 16, lat. 50,
40. a town of the Auftrian Nether-
lands and pr, of Brabant, fir, 14 m.
S. uf Bruffeis. Here is a manufac-
ture of cambrics, and the town en-
joys great privileges, as well as the
nunnery in this town, which is in-
habited by young ladles of the firfl
quality, who are not confined to the
doifter, as in other nunneries j but
niajr go out, and marry whencvei a
match offers ; and they chuA; iheir
governors themfclvcs,
NxvERNois. See Nevers.
NiXABOUB, or NiSABOUR, E.
Ion. 57. 32. lat, 35. 40. a city of
Perfia in the pr. of Chorallan, f;t,
30 m. S. E. of Molcht'd.
No CERA DE PAG AM, E. lon,
T5. lat. 40. 40. a town of Italy, in
the K. of Naples, fit. 15 m. S. of
Naples.
NoceRa, E. lon, 14. lat. 43. 15.
a town of Italy, in the ter. of the
Pope, and D. of Spoletto, fir, 20 m.
N. E. of Spoletto J the fee of a bifli,
NoGAiAN Tar TAR s, a nation
which inhabit that part of Circaflia
in Afiatic Turky, that lies between
the Palus Meotis and the Cafpian
fea.
NoGENT, E. lon. 50 min. bt.
48. 2T. a town of France, in the
pr. of Orleanois, capital of the D. of
Ptrche, fit. 35 m. N, E. of Mans.
NoGENT, E. lon. 3. 33. lat. 48,
26. a town of France, in the pr. of
Champaign, fit. on the river Seyne,
25 m, N. W. of Troyes.
NoLA, E. lon, 15. lat. 41, 5. a
town of Italy, in the K. of Naples,
fit, 16 m, E. of Naples.
Noli, E. lon. 9. lat. 44, 20. a
town of Italy, in the ter. of Genoa,
fit. on the bay of Genoa, 35 m. S,
W. of that city.
Nombre de Dios, W, lon 83,
lat. 10. a town of Mexico, in the pr.
of Darien, a little to the caftward of
Porto- Bello, fub. to Spain, now aban-
doned, and the tiade removed to
Porto- Bello.
NoMENEV, E. Ion. 6. lat. 49. a
town of Germany, in the D. of Lor-
rain, fit. on the river Scil
c, 15 m.
N. of Nincy, fub, to France.
NoN Cape, W. Ion. 12. lat. 28.
40, a promontory on the W. coaft of
Africa, oppofite to the Canary ifles.
Nona, E. Ion. i6. 35. lat. 44.
25. :i port town of Venctnn Dalma-
tia, fit, on the Guiph of Venice, 17
m. N. of Zara.
Nor CI A, £. ion. ^4. 35. lat. 43.
a town
N O
N O
a town of Italy, in the ter. of the
Pope, and D. of Spolctto, fit, 28 m.
E. of S>:o!etto.
Nor DEN, E. Ion. 6. 30. lat. 53,
40. a port town of Germany, in the
cir. of Weflphalia, and co, of Em-
den, fit. 12 m. N. of Emden,
Nor f o l k, an Englifti co. bound-
ed by the German fea on the N. and
E. by SufF)lk on the S. and by the
vaflies and fens of Lincolnrtiire, and
the iflc of Ely, on the W.
Norfolk, a co. of Virginia, in
Amefic>^, N. of tiie pr. of Carolina,
and contiguous to it.
NoRKoppiNG, E. Ion, 15. 30.
lat. 58. 20. a town of Sweden, in
the pr. of E. Gothland, fit. on the
river Metela, 90 m. S. W. of Stock-
holm.
NoRLJNGEN, E. Ion. TO. 8, lat.
48. 50. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Suabia, fit. 34 m, N. of Ulm.
Normandy, a pr. of France,
bounded by the E. channel on theN.
by P;cardy and the ille of France on
the E, by Orleanois on the S, and
by Britany and another part of the
E. channel on the W, being near
aoo m. in length from E. to W. and
100 in breadth from N. to S. one of
the moft fruitful provinces in France,
except in wine. The Normans and
Danes made a conquefi of this coun-
try about the year 912, under Rollo,
their firft Duke ; and gave it the
name of Normandy, it being <;alled
Neuftria, or W. France, till that
time. William, their feventh Duke,
conquered England, anno 1066 j but
the Normans, infiead of gaining any
thing by thit conqueft, became a
province of England, and remained
fo many years.
NoRTcou, the pal, of Bavaria,
fo called.
North Cape, E. Ion. 21. lat.
7a. a promontory on the ifland of
Maggeio, in the pr. of Wardhuys,
in the N. of Norway, fit. 100 m.
N. W, of Wardhuys, and 500 m. N.
£. of Drontheim ; being the moft
northern point, or promontory, in
Europe,
North Curry, W. Ion. 3. 5,
lat. 5r. 6. a market town of Somer-
fetlhire, fit. on the river Ton«," 17
m. S. W. of Wells.
North Foreland, E. Ion. 1.
25. lat. 51, 25. a cape, or promon«
tory, in the ifle of Thanet, on the
E. coaftof Kent, fit, 13 m. N. E.
of Canterbury, 4 m. E. of Margate,
1 1 ra. N. of Deal, and 20 m, N. of
Dover and the S. Foreland ; and be-
tween the two Forelands are the
Downs, through which all fliips pafs
which ave bound to or from the W,
or S. W. and here the fleets of the
royal navy, frequently rendezvous.
North biver, a great river
which riles in New Mexico, in N,
America, and running S. £. divides
Mexico from Florida, difcharging it-
felf into the W, end of the gulph of
Mexico, in 26 degrees of N. lat.
North sea, the gulph of Mex-
ico, fo called by the Spaniards, be-
caufe they palled from thence over
the i{lhn>us of Darien into the S. fea,
in America ; and this name has ot
late been communicated to all that
part of the Atlantic ocean which
lies N. of Terra Firma in South
America.
Northallerton, W. Ion. 1,
12. lat. 54< 20. a borough town of
Yorkshire, fit. in the N. Riding, 22
m. N, W. of York j fends 2 mem-
bers to parliament.
Northamptonshire is
bounded by Leicefier, Rutland, and
Lincoln on the N. by Huntingdon-
(hire and Bedford on the E. by Bucks
and Oxford on the S, and by War-
wick on the W.
Northampton, capital of the
CO. W. Ion. 55 min. lat. <;2. 15. (it,
on the river Nen, 60 m, N. of Lon-
don, and 40 W. of Cambridge.
Northampton, a cc, of Vir.
ginia, in If. America, S. of Acomac
CO. forming t'lc -: . part of the pe-
ninfula on the eaftern fliore of Vir-
ginia.
Northavbbn, E. Ion. 10. 50^
lat, r^i, 40. a town of Germany, in
the cir, of Upper Saxony, and ter. of
•• Thu.
NO
N O
. Ion. 3. 5.
n of Som«r-
er Ton*," 17
, E. Ion. I.
, or promon-
anet, on the
13 m. N.E.
, of Margate,
10 m, N. of
ind J and be-
ands art the
all (hips pafs
fiom the W,
! fleets of the
endezvous.
a great river
lexico, in N,
; S. E. divides
iifcharging it-
f the gulph of
of N. lat.
julph of Mex-
Spaniards, he-
rn thence over
into the S. fea,
name has ot
ted to all that
ocean which
ma in South
., W. Ion. I.
Irough town of
f. Riding, 21
fends 2 mem-
N 8 H I R £ is
I Rutland, and
Huntingdon •
^e E. hy Bucks
and by Wai-
[capital of the
It. qa. 15. lit.
N. of Lon-
imbridge.
cc. of Vir.
I S. of Acomac
»rt of the pe-
fliore of Vir-
Ion. 10. $0*
Germany, in
)v, andter.of
' Thu-
Thuringia, fit. 55 m. S.W. of Mag-
deburg } an imperial city.
NOitTHEiM,E. Ion. 9. 50.lat.51.
40. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Lower Saxony, and D. of Brunf-
w.c, fit. on the river Leine, 45 m.
S. of Hanover, and fub. to that U.
NoRTHtEECH, W. lOH. I. 5O.
ht. 51. 46. a market town of Glo-
cr^lerflare, lit. 15 m. E. of Glo-
cefter.
Northumberland, an Eng*
gli(h CO. bounded on the N. by Scot-
Unit on the E. by the German fea,
on the S. by Durham, and on the
W. by Cumberland and part of Scot-
land ; the chief town NewcaAle.
Northumberland, a co. of
Virginia^ lying at the mouth of the
river Patowmac, in America,
NoRTHwicH, W. Ion. a. 32,
he 53. 18. a market town of Chc-
fhire, fit. 16 m. N. E. of Cheftcr.
Norway, a K. of Europe, fit,
between 4 and 30 degrees of E, Ion.
and between 58 and 72 degrees of
N. lat. bounded by the Atlantic ocean
on the N. and W. by Swediih Lap. fit, ao m. S. cf Syracufe.
land, and other provinces of Swe- Notteburg, E. Ion. 31. 40,
(Icn, on the E, and by the fea called lat. 60. a city of Kuflia, in the pt,
the Categate and Schaggerac, which of Ingria, fit. on an ifiand in the lake
ieparates it from Denmark, on the Ladoga, at the entrance of the river
S. The air, of Norway is exceiTive Nieva, 25 m. E. of Peterlburg, capi.
tal of the pr. before Peterlburg was
built.
Nottinghamshire, an Eng-
lirti CO. bounded by Yorkfhire on the
in their royages. The three king-
doms of Norway, Sweden, and Den-,
mark, were fometimes under the do*
minion of three fevcral fovereigns,
and fometimes under one ; and Den-
mark and Norway are now fubje£t
to the fame Prince, who h abfolute
in all his dominions, and ('tis faid)
he treats Norway like a conquer'd
province. The religion, both of
Denmark and Norway, is the Lu-
theran. Sec Denmark.
Norwich, £. Ion. i. a6. lat. 52*
40. a city of Norfolk, one of the
largeft and mofi populous in England,
having a very great woollen manufac-
ture, efpecially in crapes and ftuft's ;
fit, OB the river Yare, 20 m. W. of
Yarmouth and the German ocean,
and 100 m. N. E. of London,
Noi o Valley, the moft fouth.
eaft pr, of Sicily, bounded by Val
Demona on the N. by the Mediter-
ranean fea on the E. and S. and by
Val dc Mazara on tlie W.
NoTO, E. Ion. 15. lat. 37. 15,
a town of the pr. of Noto in Sicily,
cold, efpecially within the polar cir-
cle, where their winter continues 8
or 9 months, and the ground all that
time covered with fnow. It is a bar-
ren country, not affording corn or N. by Lincoln/hire on the E, by Lei*
cattle fufficient for the natives, A
high chain of mountains run from S,
to N, between Norway and Sweden,
called the Dofrine Hills } and the
rell of the country is incumbered
with rocks and mountains, which
produce but little food. However,
the country produces excellent oak
and firr timber, pitch, an^ tnr } and Ian, cap. of the Novareie, fit. 40 m,
in their hills are mines of'copper and W. of Milan } the fee of a bifliop j
fub. to the K. of Sardinia.
Nova Scotia. See Acaoie.
Nova Zrmbla, or Newland,
which the Dutch call the ifland of
Weygati, is fit. in the North, ot
Frozen ocean, between 50 and 80
fi b degrees
ceflerfhire on the S. and by Dcrby-
Ihire on the W.
Nottingham, W. Ion. i. 5.
lat. 53, the chief town of the co. fit.
on the river Trent, 30 m. S.W. of
Lincoln, and no m. N. of Londoi.
NovARA, £. Ion. 8. 50. lat. 45.
20. a city of Italy, in the D. of Mj-
iion, and fome filver. They have
alfo a very great fiihery, and dry their
(iock>fi(h upon the rocks, withoct
falling them j furnishing the reft of
Europe with fiuck-fi(h, nnd thefe
make part of the food ut our feamen
N O
N U
degrees of E, Ion. and between 70
degrees of N. Jat. and the N. pole,
ieparaied fior.i the pr. of Samoi'.'d3,
irj Rullia, by a narrow ftrait, called
llje itraits or VVeygats. Whether it
be an ifland, or part of fome great
conuncnt, is uncertain j no fhips
having ever palled to the Northward
of it, tho' n^any attempts have been
made to find out a N. E. pilfige to
China that v.ay. The 1-)utch, in-
tiiicd paded the ftrairs of Weygats,
S. oi Neva 2?embla, and wintered
oa the E. fide of it, anno 1596, but
did not find it practicable to fail fur-
ther for the fields of ice they met
with. There are no confVant in-
habitants here, but the Samoie.!s
and Oftiacs climb over the mountains
of ice in the H raits, when they are
frozen over, and hunt elks and rein-
de^'r here, at the proper feafon.
NoVELLARA, E. lon. II. ZO,
lat. 45. 13. a town of Italy, in the
D. ot Mantua, fit. 20 m. S. of Man-
tua.
No VI, E. Ion. 9. 15. !at. 45, a
town of Italy, in the ter. of Genoa,
on the confines of the Milancfe, fit.
35 m. N. W. of Genoa.
No VI BAZAR, E. lon. 22. Jat.
43. 30. a city of European Turky,
\n the pr. of Servia, fit. 100 m. S,
of Belgrade.
NovicRAD, E. lon. 19, 5. lat.
4S. a town of Hungary, fit. 16 m.
N, of Buda J fub. to the houfe of
>\u{lria.
NoviGRAD, E. lon. 17. 30. lat.
44. 30. a town of Dalmatia, fit.
near a bay of the fame name 28 m,
N. E. of Zara.
NOVOGRODECK, E. loP. 25. 30,
lat. 53. 45, a city of Poland, in the
D. of Lithuania, capital of the pal.
cf. Novogrodeck, fit. 70 m. S. of
Wilna.
NoyOGOROD THE GrEAT, 3
pr, of Rullja, bounded by the pr. of
Ineria on the N. by Jt-rfl-uv and
Tweer on the E. by Smolen/ku und
pait of Poland on the S. and by
Livonia on the W,
"NovoGOROD City, E, lon,
34. lat. 58. a city of Mufcovy, ca-
pital of the pr. of Novogorod, fit. ou
the river Wolcoff, near the lake of
llmen, 130 m. S. E, of Pcterlburg.
It is the fee of an archb. and has in
it 180 churches and monafterics j
the counrry about it abounds in corn,
fiax, hemp, wax, and honey j and
they manufadlure the belt Ruflia
leather here.
NoVOGOROD THE LeSS. ScC
Nisna, or Nise-Novogorod.
Nov A, W. lon. o. 47. lat, 42.
50, a town of Spain, in the pr. of
Galicia, fir. on the river Taniara,
15 m. W. of Compoftella,
No YON, E. lon. 3. lat. 49. 38.
a town of France, fit. on the river
Oyfe, in the ille ot France, 50 m.
N. E, of Pari?,
Nubia, a country of Afiici,
bounded by the dclait of Barta vn
the N. by Egypt and Abylhnia on
the E. by the Lower Ethiopia on the
S. and by the defarts of Africa on
the W, The foil and produce of
this country are laid to be much ihe
fame with Abyllinia, which is con.
tiguous to it J but we hwe very
little knowiedi^c of this inland coun-
try, or indeed of any other, in the
middle of Africa.
NuMANTiA Ruins, W. lon.
2. 36. lat. 42. anciently one of the
molt confiderable towT^s in Spain, fit.
in the pr. of Old Caltile, near the
fource of the Douro, 70 m. N. W,
of Saingoira, and 75 m. S. E. of
Burgos. Here the Spaniards afiem-
b!ed their forces againlt the 'Romans,
when I hey were cpprefl'ed by them,
and maintained a war ot fcvaral years
againO: them, which, from this city,
ob'^ained the name of the Numantian
war.
NuMTDiA, the ancient name of
Biledu!"erid, in Africa. See Bile-
PULGERIP.
Nuneaton, a market town in
Warwick/hire, W. ion. i. 25. Lt.
52. 33. fit. 16 m. N. of Warvvidc.
NvRENBiRC, a city of Germa-
N U
O B
j\y, in the cir. of Franconia, capital
ol" the ter. of Nurenburg, E. Ion. ii.
lat. 49. 30. fit. near the confluence
of r?)e rivers Regnits and Pegnits,
50 m. N.W. of Ratiibon, and 40
m. S. of Bamberg. It is 7 m. in
circumference, defended by a wa!J,
a caftle, and other works, but of no
great ftren^th. It is very populous,
and has the beft inland trade of any
town in Europe j ilicir clock-work,
and manfaftures in iron, ftcel, ivory,
wood, and alabaf^er, are mudi admi-
red, and afforded exceeding cheap ;
and from hence come moil of thofe
toys we call Dutch toys. It is no-
thing but the genius and induflry of
tl.is people that procure them the
fkurifliing trade and plenty they live
in ; for it is a banen country, and
produces fcarce any thing to traffic
•with, but what receives the gieateft
part of the value from their labour and
art. It is an imperial city, or inde*
pendent ftate, the governors and ma-
glftrates eledled out of the nobility,
and the Bargher-mafler, or chief ma-
giftratCi changed every month ; the
leiiifiljtive authority, being lodged in a
council, or di^t, of 40a of the prin-
cipal Burghers. In .this city ar.e kept
the regalia ufed a.t thje Emperor's co-
ri'iiution. The el^ablilhed religion is
the Lutheran ; the Qalvinifls are for-
ced to go 3 m. out. cf town to church,
and the Papifts aie allowed to per-
form divine fervice only in one church,
when the Lutherans have done with
it. The territories cf Nurenburg nre
about 30 m. in length, and 20 broad,
in which they have a great n:any
good towns and villages. The mar.
of Nurenburg is divided into feveral
didiids, which are fub. to the Prin-
ces of ihe houfe of Brandenbuigh.
See Moll's map of Germ.uiy.
NuTTUNo, or Nettuno, E,
Ion. 13.40. lat. 41. 45. a port town
of Italy, in the Pope's ter. and Cam-
pania of Rome, fit. on the Tulcan
fea, 30 m. S. E. of Rome.
NuYs, E". Ion. 6. 8. lat. 51, 10,
a town of Germany, in the cir. of
tlie Lower Rtine, and Elcftoralc
of Cologn, fit» on the W, bank of
the river Rhine, 20 m. N. of Co-
logn.
Nyburg, E. Ion. 10. lat. 55.
30. a town of Denmark, fit. at the
E. end of the iOand of FuncH, 10 m.
E. of Odenfee.
Nylanr, a pr. '"Finland, fit»
on the gulph of Finla. , W. of the
pr, of Carelia, fub. to Sweden.
NvoNs, E, Ion. 5. 6, lat. 44. a3,
a town of France, in the pr. of Dau-
phine, fit. 30 m. S. W. of G'p.
Nyslot, E. Ion. 29. lat. 62.
a town of Sweden, in the pr. of
Finland and ter. of Savolaxia, fir.
60 m. N. of Wyburg, fubjed to
Ruflia. . . ... ,
O A
OAKHAMPTON, W. Ion. 4^
15. lat, 50. 45. a borough
town of Devon, fit. 20 m, W. of
Exeter j, feuds two members to par-
liament.
Obdach-, E. Ion. 15. lat. 47.-
20. a town of Germany, in the cirr
of Auftria, nnd D. of Stiria, fit. 35
m. W. of Gratz.
Oeeknsber.g, E. Ion. 13.. 20..
lat. 48. 2a. a town of Germany^
in tJie cir. of Bavari.i, fit. on the
river Inn, 15 m. S. of PalFau,.
OnERbTEiN, E. Ion. 7. lat. 49*.
50. a town of Germany, in the
pal. of the Rhine, capital cf the
CO. of Oberflein, fit, 30 m. E. of
Triers.
Oberwesel, or Wesel, £»
Ion. 7. 12. lat. 50. 8. a town o^
Germany, in the cir. of the L9wer
Rhine, and Eledlorate of. Txie^rs, fil^
37 m. N,E. of Triers.
Obslow. See Agg^ RHuys.
Odv, a great river of. Ruflii^
which rifes in the lake I<Lit'an 1/1
Kalmuck Tartary, in. , Afia, and
running N. joins the river .?rtis,
and continuing its couife N, forms
the boundary between Europe anj
B b. z Alut^
O D
O E
Afia, till it falls into the frozen
ccean, in 70 iJegrees of N. lat. having
run a courfe of 2000 m. and up-
wards.
OCHRIDA, or LOCHRIDA, E.
Ion. 21. Jat. 41. a town of Euro-
pean Turlty, in the pr. of Albania,
fit. on the lake Pelicuixi, 110 m. W.
of Saionichi.
OcHSENFURT, E, lon. JO. lat.
49. 40. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Franconia, fit, on the river
Maine, 12 m. S. E, of Wurtiburg,
and fub. to that bifhop.
OcKA, a great river in Mofcovy,
which fifes in the pr. of Sfeefk, and
running N. pafTes by Orel and Pe-
wmil, and then turning E. joins
the river Mofco at Kolomna ; after
■^vhich it continues to run E. by
Kefanfltoi and Nife-Novogorod, fall-
ing into the river Wolga, a little
below Novogorod.
OcKA, or OcKER, a river of
Germany, which rifing in the S. of
Brunfwick, runs N. through that
Duchy, palling by the cities of Co-
llar, Wolfembuttle and Brunfwick j
difcharging itfelf into the river Al-
ler, below Gyfliorn.
OcKiNGHAM, W. lon. 50 mln.
Jat. 51. 26. a market town of Berk-
shire, 30 m. W. of London, and 7
m. £. of Reading.
OCRIDA. SeeLoGRIDA.
OczAKOW, E. lon. 35. lat. 46,
a port town of European Turky,
capital of the pr. of Budziac Tarta-
ry, lit. W. of the mouths of the
rivers Boiifthenes and Bog on the
Eoxine fea, 140 m. W. of Precop,
and 120 m. N. E. of the northern
branch of tjie river Danube. It is
a fortified town, and under the go-
vernment of a BalTa.
' OsENSKE, £. lon. xo. 25. lat.
55. 30. capital of the iiland of Fu-
rcn, one of the largeft c>| the DaniHt
illands fn the Baltic Tea, fit. 72 m.
W. of Copenhagen.
Oder river rifes in the Carpa-
thian mountains, on the confines of
Hungary, and runs from S. to N.
through the pr. of Silefia j after
which it continues its courfe N. thro*
Brandenburg, and then feparating the
eaftern from the weftern Pomerania,
divides itfelf into feveral channels,
forming the ifiands of Ufcdom and
Wollin, below which it falls into
the Baltic fea j having in its courfe
pafled by the cities of Ratibor, Ope-
len, Breflaw, Glogaw, Croflen, Frank,
fort and Stetin.
Oder, E. Ion. 17. 17. lat. 49.
45. a town of Bohemia, in the pr.
of Silefia, fit. on the fountain of
the river Oder, 15 m. S. of Trop.
paw.
Oderberg, E; lon. 17. 45,
lat. 50. 6. a town of the K. of Bo-
hemia, in the D. of Silefia, fit. on
the river Oder, 20 m E. of Trop-
paw.
Odernhejm, E. Ion. 7. 50,
lat, 49. 46. a town of Germany, in
the pal. of the Rh ne, fit. 15 m, §.
of Mentz.
Odiham, W. lon. 1. lat. 51.
20. a market town of Hampihir«,
fit, 20 m. N.E, of Winchefter.
Oedenburg, or Edenburg,
E. Ion." 16. 34, lat. 48. a town of
Hungary, fit. 30 m. S. of Vienna,
fub. to the houfe of Auftria.
Oeland, E. Jon, 16.' lat. be-
tw( en 56 and 57, jo rnin. a Swedifli
iflai.G, fit. in the Ba'ltic fea, between
the continent of Gothland, and the
ifle of Gothland, 12 m. E. of Col-
mar,
Oelfeld, E, lon. 11. lat. 52.
35. a town of Germany, in the D.
ot Magdeburg, and cir. of Lower
Saxony, fit. on the river AUer, 20
m. E. orBrunf\vic»
Oesel, an ifland which lies at
the entrance of the bay of Livonia,
in the Bakic fea, fit. in 22 degrees
of E. lon, and 58 degrees of N. lat.
feparated from the ifle of Dago by
a narrow channel on the N. being
60 m. long, and generally about 20
m. broad j the chief town is Arnf-
burg on the E. fide of the ifland.
Oeting, E. lon. 10. 35. lat.
49. a town of Germany, in the cir.
ot Suabia, capital of the co. of
Qetin^l
G L
C t.
Geting, fit. 35 m. N. W. of In-
gwlftat.
Oetingen, E. Ion. 12.50. lat,
48. 14. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Bavaria, fit, on the river Inn,
35 m. S. W. of Paflau.
Of fa's Dike, a line or intrench-
ment cail up by Ofta a Saxon K. to
defend England againft the incurfions
of the Welfli j which run thro' He-
refordfliire, Shropihirc, Montgomery-
ftire, Denbigh and Flintshire.
Offenbach, E, Ion. 8. 35.
lat. 50. 6. a town of Germany, lit.
cm the river Maine, 7 m. E. of
Frinkfort,
Offenburg,JE. Ion. 7. 40. lat,
48. 30. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Suabia, fit. on the river Kint-
aig, S m. S. of Strafburg, a free im-
perial city or fovereign Itate.
Offida, E. Ion. 15. Jat. 43. a
town of Italy, in the Pope's ter. and
mar, of Ancona, fit. on the confines
0. Naples, 26 m. Si of Lcretto.
Oglio, a river which rifes in
tiie Alps, in the co, of Trent, and
running S. pafTes through the lake of
ifco, and then continuing its conrfe
S. E. falls into the Po, to the W.
of Borgo fort..
Ohnspach. See Anspach;
OisANs, E. Ion. 6. lat. 45. a
town of France, in the pr. of Dau-
phine, fit. 18 m. S. E. of Grenoble.
Okeham, W. Ion. 45 min. lat.
52. 40. the capital of Rutland/hire,
lit. 14 m. E. of Leicefter.
Oldel-slo, E. Ion. 10. 5. lat.
5|. 20. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Lower Saxoijy, and D. of
Holflein, fit. on the river Trave,
1" m. W, of Lubecfc, fub. to Den-
mirk.
Oldenburg, a co. of Germany,
in the cir. of Weftphalin, bounded
!iy the German fea on the N. by the
I-\ of Bremen on the E. by Ofna*
brugon the S. and by Emden orEaft
Friclland on the W. being 50 m.
long, and 20 broady confiding chiefly
of bogs and. rnarfiies, where they
k^ieed a fmall fort of cattle lefs than-
the Welflu The inhabitants wretik-
of
50.
ed poor, living m Jirt h^jks, a«d!
fub. to Denmark.
Olbenburg C i V, capit
the CO. E.lon. 7. a. lat, 53
fit. on the river H. nta, 25 at.
of Bfemen j fub. to Denmark.
0'r.i)ENBURG, E. Ion. 10.
lat. 54. 36. a town of '' "rmany, in
the cir, of Lower Saxony, and D. of
Holfiein, fit. near the Baltic lea, 32:
m. N. of Lubetk } fub. to th^ D. of.
Holficin Gotcorp.
OLDENDORr, E. Ion. 9, lat. 52..
15. a town of Germany, in tl-.e
cir. of Weitphalia, fit. on the river
Wefer, 30 ni. S. W. of Hanover.
Oldenzel, E. Ion. 6. 50. lat,.
52. 30. a city of the United Provin-
ces, in the pr. of Gveryfil'l, fit. 36.
m. N. E. of Deventer.
Oldesloe, E. Ion. 10. 5. lat..
54. ,20. a town of Gcrm.my, in the
cir. of Lower Saxony and D. of Hol-
ftein, fit. on the liver Trave, 15 m,.
W. of Lubeck,
Oleron, W. Ion. 1. 20. lat,,
46. an ifi'and of France, near the
coaft of Poiftou and ter. of Aunis, ,
fit. 14 m. S. W. of RocIielJe, being.,
about 15 m. long, and 6 broad, and-
containing 10,000 people. The an-
cient inhabitants of this ifland hid'
fuch a reputation for their /kill in
navigation, that theli; rules became
a model for other maritime poweia
to make their laws by, in relation
to fea affairs ; and thefe were called
the laws of Oleron.. The foil of this
iiland produces plenty of corn and:
wine, and they make a great deal of.
fait of the fea water. There is a .
light houfeon this IQand for the di<
reftion of firips. .
OtERON, W. Ion. 55 min. lat,.'
43. 24. a city of France, in the pr,
of Gafcony and ter. of Bern, fit. «iv>
the river Ga|ie de Oleron, 30 m. S..
of Dax.
Olesco, E. Ion. 24, lat. 50. a'.
town of- Poland, in the Upper Vol*
hima, 60 m. S. of Luko or Lufuc.
Olinda, W. Ion. 35. S. lat. 8.".
a city and port town of Brafil, in
Si America, capital of the pN ofc
£ib \ F«t-
O L
O N
Fernambuco, Ht. 400 m. N.E. of
the bay of All-faints, and 50 m, N.
of Cape St. Auguflin.
Olite, W. Ion. 1. 35. lat. 4«.
40. a town of Spain, in the pr. of
Navaire, fit. 25 m. S. of Pampe-
luna.
Oliva, E. Ion. iS. 30. lat. 54.
ao. a port town of Poland, in the
pr. of Regal PruHia, fit. on a bay
of the Baltic fea, 6 m. W. of Dant-
sic ; a little inconiiderable place, only
remembred for the peace concluded
here, between Germany and Sweden,
anno 1660.
Olivenza, W. Ion, 7. 35. lat.
38, 34. a town of Portugal, in the
pr. of Alcntejo, fit. on the £. fide
of the river Guadiana, 10 m, S» of
Blvas.
Olmutz, E. Ion. 16. 45. lat.
49. 40. a city of Bohemia, in the
mar. of Moravia, fit. on the river
Morava, 75 m. N. of Vienna, and
30 m, S.W, of Troppaw, fub. to
the houfe of Auftria.
Olone, W. Ion. 1.40. lat. 46.
30. a port town of France, in the
pr, of Orleanois^ and ter. of Poi^lou,
fit, 30 m, N, "W. of Rochelle.
Olse, £. Ion. 17. lat. 51,20. a
town of the K. of Bohemia, and
D. of Silefia, fit. 10 m, N, of Bre-
llaw.
OtsNiTz, £. Ion. 12. 15. lat.
50. 30. a town of Germany, in the
cir, of Upper Saxony> and ter. of
Voigtlaid, fit. on the river Elfter,
60 m. S.W. of Drefden.
Olympia, now Longinico,
E. Ion. 21. 35. lat. 37. 40. a port
town of the Murea, fit. a little to
the fouihward of the river Alphaeus,
42 m. S, of Patras, and 63 m.
S. W. of Corinth. The plains near
this town were famous anciently for
the games inftituted by Hercules^
and celebrated every mth year by
the princes and nobihty of Greece,
and the adjacent countries, v'-ie
they contended for the prize, aiiu
eiteemed a vidlory obtained here,
CflVMi to a vit^ury over theic eae-
mies. And from hence arofe the
computation of time by Olympiads.
An Olympiad contained the fpace
of four years, the firft Olympiad be-
gan A.M. 3228 : before Chrift 776
years.
Olympus, the name of a re-
markable mountain near Prufa, in
Bythioia, in the LciTer Afia ; a
mountain of the fame name, in the
idand of Cyprus.
Oman, a pr. or K. on the S. E.
part of Arabia Felix* See Mus-
C ATT.
Ombria, the ancient name of
a pr, of Italy, in the ter. of the
Pope, now Spoletto and Perugia.
Ombro, orLoMBRo, a town of
Italy, in the D, of Tufcany, and ter.
of Siennois, fit. near the Tufcan fea,
a little S. of the lake of Caftiglione,
45 m. S W. of Sienna,
Omers (St.) £, Ion, 2, 20.
lat, 50, 45. a city of the French
Netherlands, in the pr. of Artois,
fit. on the river Aa, 20 m» S. of
Dunkirk, and ]3 m, S. E, of Calais.
Here is an English college or fcmi«
nary of Jefuits, of which Titus Gates
procured himfelf to be jJiT^itted a
member, to qualify himfelf to be an
evidence of the Popifh Plot, It is a
large, populous, trading town, hav<
ing a communication with the fea,
by a navigable canal, cut from thence
to Graveling.
Qmlanos, a diviMon of the pr.
of Groningen, in the United Pro-
vinces.
Ommen, E. Ion. 6, 15. lat. 52,
40. a town of the United Nether-
lands, in the pr. of OveryfTcl, fit.
on the LeiFer \^echt, tj m. N.E.
of Deventer,.
Ommenburg, or Amelbukg,
E. Ion. 8. 50. lat. 50* 40. a town
of Germany, in the Ian. of Heile,
fit. 5 m. E. of Marpurg.
Onam>aco£S, one of the tribes
of the Iroquois, or 5 nations, fit. on
the lake Ontario, or FronCenac, in
Canada, in N, America j allies of
the £nglin)»
O N
O R
)ns, lit. on
nCenac, ia
Onega lake, fit, in 35 de-
grees of E. Ion. and between 61 and
63 degrees of N, lat. in the Empire
of RulTia, and pr. of Rubeninfka,
being upwards of joo m. in length,
and 40 in breadth. Jt has a com-
munication with the lake Ladoga,
and coniequently with Peteiiburg j
and they luve been cutting a channel
betweeen the lake Onega and the
White lake, by which it wiii have
a communication with the WoJga
and the Cafpian fea, they will be
able to continue the navigation from
Petcrfburg to Peifia, when this ca-
nal is finifhed.
On EG LI A, E. Ion. 8. 30. lat.
44. a port town of Italy, in the
ter. of Genoa, fit. on a bay of the
Mediterranean, 70 miles S. W. of
Genoa, 50 m. N. E. of Nice, and
45 m, S, E.. of Coni. It is a popu-
lous place, and a town of good trade.
The ter. belonging to it is 25 m.
long, and eight broad, abounding in
oil and fruit} fubjeit to the King
tf Sardinia.
Ongar, E. Ion. 15 trin. lat. 51.
45. a market town of Ell'ex, fit. 10
IT, W. of Chelmsford.
Onoth, E. Ion. 20. 22, lat. 48.
10. a town of Hungary, fit. 50 m.
N. E. of Buda J fub. to Audriu.
Onrust, or No-REST, a fmal!
ifland at the mouth of the harbour
of Batavia in the £. Indies, where
the Dutch are perpetually building
ar.d careening their fhips.
Onspach. See Anspach.
Ontario, or Frontenac
lAKE, in N. America, fit. in 79
degrees of W. Ion. and between 41
and 43 degrees of N. lat. W. of the
country of the Iroquois, or live na-
tions, having a communication with
the river of St, Laurence on the N.
with the lake Erie on the S. by the
cataradl of Niagara, is upwards cf
150 m. long, and 50 miles broad.
Uppn this lake the French hid luilt
fome forts, but the Iroquois Indians,
in alliance with the Englifli, 1 think,
have dsmoliihed theai»
OosTERCo, the N. divifion of
the pr. of W. Friefland, one of the
United Provinces.
0?PELEN, E. Ion. 17. 23. lat.
50. 45. a city of the K. of Ro-
hemia, in the D. of Silefia, lit. on
the river Oder, 30 m. S. E. ot Brcf-
law ; in the polfelFion of the K. oi
Pruflia.
Ofpenheim, E. long. 8. lat»
49. 50. a town of (vrmany, in the
pal. of the Rhine, fit. on the river
Rhine, 12 m, S, of Mentz.
Or AN, under the meridian of
London, N. lat. 3C. 30. a city and
port town of Barbary, in the K. of
Algiers, in Africa, fir. on the Me-
diterranean, 250 m. W. of the city
of Algiers, aimoil oppofite t» the
city of Cartagena, in Spain. It lies
on the Gde of a hilJ, being about a
mile and an half in circumference,
and well fortified, but commanded
by the adjdcent hills. The Spaniards
took it in the year 1509, and kept
it till 1708, when the Algerines re-
recovercd it, but loft it again, in the
year 1737, and the Spaniards novyr
remain in pofiefljon of it,
Orange, E. ion. 4. /; 6. lat. 44,
10. a city of France, in the pr. of
Provence, capital of the ter. of
Orange, fit. on the E» fide of the
river Rhone, 17 m. N. tf Avignon,
70 m. S. W. of Grenoble, and up-
wards of 300 m. S. of Paris. It was
formerly lubjecl: to the Piinces of
Orange, but was yielded to Frame
by the peace of Ryfwick in 1697.
The French hr.d pc'irtiTcd therafelves
pf it long befcic, a:id baniHied all the
Proteftants fiom tlifnce.
Oratavia, V/. I'.n. 18, lat.
28. capital of the iflund of TeneiiiV,
one ot the laipefi cf the Canary
ifiands, in the Atlantic ocean, fir.
150 miles W. of the continent of
Africa.
Orbitello, E. Ion 12, lat.
42. 30. a city aid port town of
Italy, in th; D. of Tufcany, capital
of the ter, ot del Hicfidii, or the
Gartifous, fit, en a bay of the Medi-
tcrrancaa>
O R
O R
terranean, 50 m. N. W, of Rome,
and 55 miles S. of Sienna j fub. to
Sicily. '
Or CADES, or co. of Orkney,
in Scotlaml, in which are compve-
hended the iflinds of Shetland, are
fit. between 3 degrees W. and one
degree E. Ion. and between 59 and
64 degrees of N. lat. being about 40
in number j the chief of the Or-
oade&, Pomona, and the chief of
the Shetland iflands is Mainland.
Orchies, E. lonv 3. 10, lat,
50. 3;. a town of the French Ne-
therlands, in the pr. of Flanders,
fit. iz S E. of LiHe.
OiiCHii.i. A, W. long, 65. lat,
12. one of the Sotovento, or Lee-
ward ifiands, near the coaftof Teira
Firma, in America, fit. 80 m. N,
of la Guiarn, on the continent, and
^•o m. N. W. of Tortuga.
(JsDUNNA, \V. Ion. 3. 30, lat.
43. 15. a port town of Spain, in
the pr. of Bifcay, fit. 25 m. S. W.
of Bilboa.
Orebro, E. Ion, 15. lat. 59..
20. a city of Sweden, cipital of the
pr. of Ncricia, fit. 70 m. W, of
Stockholm.
Oregrund, E. Ion, 18, 15. lat.
60. 30. a pojt town of Sweden, in
the pr. of Upland, fjtuatc on the
Bothnic gvjjph, 60 m. N. of Stock-
holm.
Orense, or Ortensk, Wett
Ion, 8. 20. lat. ,\2k 36. a city of
Spam, in the pr. of C-^licin, Ct. en
the river Minho, 48 m. S. E, of
Compose lla.
Vrta, E. Ion. 40. lat, 36. 15.
a town of Afiatic Turky, in the pr.
ef Diaibec, fit. on the river Eu-
phrates, 100 m. E. of Aleppo, and
aoo m. S. W. of Diarbec,
Orfohd, E. Ion. I. 38. lat. f^z,
15. a boroufli and port town of
Suffolk, fit. on a hay of the German
(va, 30 m. E, of Bmy j (ends two
members to parliament, and gives
the title of Earl t<j the ntllc family
ff Walpolc.
Ukci.va, W, loo. 3. 30. Lt«
37. a town of Spain, in the pr. of
Granada, fit. 25 m. S. of Granada,
Or I A, E. Ion. 18. 42. lat. 40.
30. a town of Italy in the K. of
Naples and ter. of Otranto, fit. 3a
m.-N. W. of Otranto city.
Oriental iecands, are the
Philippines, Celebes, Moluccas, and
Banda iflands, and the rell which
lie S. of China.
Or I Gu ELL A, W. Ion. 50 min.
lat. 38. 20. a city of Spain, in tlur
pr. of Valencia, fit. on the river
Segura, 12 m. N, E. of Murcia.
Oristagn*, E. long. 8. 30,
lat. 39. 30. a city ani pott town or
tile illand of Sardinia, fit. on a bay
of the Mediterranean, on the W.
fide of the ifland, 45 m. N. W. of
Cagliari ; fubjcCl to the King of
Sardinia.
Orixa, E. Ion. 85. lat, 20. a
city of the Hither Peninfula of India,
capital of the pr. of Orixa, li-t. on the
W. fide of the bay of Bengal, 60 m,
S. \V. of Ballifore.
Orlamand, cr Orlamunda,
E. Ion, II. 26. lat. 50. 50. a town
of Germany, in the or. of Upper
SaxoDy, and ter. of Thuringia, fit.
on the river Sala, 50 m. S. W. of
Leipfic.
Orleanois) a pr.or govern-
ment of France, bounded by Nor-
mandy and the illc of France on the
N. by Champain and Burgundy on
the E. by Lyonois and Guienne 011
the S. and by Britany and the bay
of Bikay on the W.
Orleans city, E. Ion. 3. lat.
47. 55, a city of France, capital of
Oileanois, fit. on the river Loyrc,
70 m. S. of Pans, confiding of 2i>
pjrifhcs, and is about 4 miles in cir-
cumtercud'. It has a very great
tr.-de, C(.nfidcring it is an in'and
town, having a communication ^^ilh
W. France and the ocean, by the
river Loyre, as well as with the
provimres m the S. and by the c.mal
cf Orleans it lias a communicati<'n
with llu; river Scync, Paris, Roiitii,
jLiid the Engliflt (haniicl. It is a
O R
O R
in the pr. of
of Granada,
42. lat. 40.
n the K. of
anio, fit. 3a
:ity.
ns, aie the
[oluccas, and
reft which
on. 50 min.
pain, in the
)n 5. he river
f Murcia.
ong. 8. 30,
poit town or
it. on a bay
on the W.
n. N. W. of
he King of
, lat. 20. a
ub of India,
3, frt. on the
sngal, 60 m,
[I.AMUNDy^,
50. a town
. of Upper
iiringia, fit.
Tl. S. W. of
or govern-
d by Nor-
ancc on the
LirpunJy on
ju ennc on
and the bay
Ion. 2. hit.
capital ci"
ver Loyic,
ling of 20
piles in cir-
|veiy gr<iit
an in'.ind
cation wilh
[n, by the
with the
the c.inal
iiunic.itirn
It is a
bUho^)'3
kiftop's fee, and univerfity • and here
French is fpokcn in the gteateft pu-
rity. They flill conamemorate th:»t
heroine, Joan of Aic, who rcftored
the French affairs after the conqucft
i)f their country by Henry V. King
of England , they have l)er llatue in
compleat armour on the great bridge
here : her obliging the Englidi to
laife the fiege of this city, bein^ the
fiifl exploit (he performed.
Orleans Forest, in the neigh-
bourhood of this city, confifts of
100,000 acres, well planted with oak,
elm, and other valuable timber.
Ori.kans Island and Town,
\V. ion. 73. lat. 47. fit. in the river
of St. Laurence, in Cannda, in North
America, 340 m. N. W. of Boiion,
a littlle E. of Quebec j fub. to
France,
Or MONO, is the N. divifion of
the CO. of Tipperary, in Ireland,
from whence the noble family of
Butler take the title of Dukei
On MS KIRK, W. Ion, 2, 46. lat,
53, 37. a market town of Lanca(hire>
fit. z6 m. S. of Lancailer.
Ormus, E. Ion. 56. lat, 27. 30.
an ifland at the entrance of the gulph
of Perfia, in Afia, fit. oppofite to
Gombron on the continent, 240 m.
S. E. of Schiras, and 370 S. E. of
Ilpahan. This iflind is 30 m. in
•ircumference ; while the Forlugucre
poircfTcd'it, it was the richeft maga-
zine in the world j tht^y made it the
center of trade between Europe and
Afia ; here the fine I'piccs, and other
merchandize of the E. were laid up,
arul afterwards diftributed to the reft
of the world j and here the Portu-
gueze built one of the moft elegant
cities in Afia. But fomeihing above
a 100 years ago, the Dutch dilpof-
fjfltd the Portuguezeof moft of their
fcttlements in India ; and the Per-
fiaiij, by the afliftance of the Englifh,
ex^ielled the Portugueie from Or-
mus; for which the Englifh E. India
Company were allow c^l great advan-
tages in the Pcrfnn trade, and even
fuftercd tu fhire the revenuci of the
cullomj, on that fldi-, with the Pcr-
fians 'j and, till the late civil war%
received between 3 or 4000I. per
annum, in I'eu '•.: them. As to the
idand of Ormus tt.elf, it never pro^
duced any thin^' L.l fait, which grows
in a folid craf}, iv. ■> irches deep upon
the luifac'i of the earth ; and the
hills appeii. , at a liftance, as if they
were cove,", ; with fnow j nor is there
a drnp of tiefh water on li»e ifl.md',
but what is prelervcd in cifterns, in
the time ot iheiaas: thcPortugucze
ufed to fetch u.'.'ir water Irom the
continent. U-)nri the di-milifhing of
Ormu5, the Gieur Shah Abba;;, Sophi
of I'eilia, leniovcd the trade to Gom-
bron, on the oiij 'uite fliore, and gave
it the name ot buiuier Abalii, or (he
port town of Abbas.
OuoNOQ^uE, a river of South A-
znerica, ri;es S. of the equator, and
runs N. thro' the rruntries of Guia-
na and Caribbisina, falls into the At«
lantic ocean, in 8 degrees of N. lat.
almc'ft oppofite to the ifland of Tri-
nity. It was m this river that Sir
Walter Ralei-jh went in fearch of a
gold-mine, in the reign of K. James
I. where tiking the town of St,
Thomas, and dilluibing fome of the
reft of the SpaniH) lettlements on that
fide, they never ccafed to folicit the
court of England to deftroy him, till
they had his head.
Oropesa, W. Ion. 5. 20. lat,
39. 30. a town of Spain, in tlie
pr. ot New Caftile, fit. 50 in..W. of
Toledo.
Or OP E 7 A, W. Ion. 66. S. lat. 20.
a city of Peru, in South Amirict,
fit. 150 m. N.E. of I'otofi, fo named
from the quantity of gold found
near it.
Orsa, E. Inn. 30. 40. lat. 5;. 30.
a town of Poland in the D. of l.ithu"
ania, fit, 70 m. N.W. of Micyflav/,
OasowA, E. Ion. ii. lat. 4^,
30. a town of the bmnat of Te mef-
waer, fit. on the N. fide of the
Danube, almoft oppofite to Be!grAd«?,
60 m. S. W. of Temefwacr i fub,
to the Turks.
Or SOY, E, Ion. 6, ht. 51. 30.
a town of Germany, io the rir of
Wul.
o s
OS
Wcftphalia, and D. of Clecve, fit.
ao m. S. of CJeeve,
Orta, E. Ion. i;^. lat. 42, 30.
a town of Italy, in the Pope's ter.
and Si. Peter's patrimony, fit. on the
river Tiber, 35 m. N. of Rome,
Ortegal Castle and Cape,
"W. Ion. 8. 2Z, lat. 44. fit. in the
pr. of Galicia, in S^ain, being the
moft northern promontory of that
K, 30 m, N. E. of Ferro!.
Oktenburg, cap. of the CO. of
Orte:iburj, an independent ftate, in
the cir. of P^varia, the inhabitants
whereof arc Protelbnts.
t Or TON, W. Ion. a, 20. ht. 54.
a8. a market town of Weflmorcland,
iit. 10 ni. S. W. of Appleby.
Orvietto, E. ion. i-j. Int. 43.
a city of Italy, in the Pope's ter.
.capital of the pr. of Orvietto, fit. at
the confluence of the Tiber and the
Chiane, 45 m. N. of Rome.
Orwell, a river of SufFolk,
which rifing in the middle of that co.
runs S. E. by Ipfwich, and falls into
•the German fea at Landguard fort,
OsACA, E, Ion. 135. lat. J5. a
great city and poit town of Japan, fit.
on a bay of the fca, on the E. fide of
the illand, 300 m. S. W. of Jeddo.
OsERA, E. Ion. 15. 30. lat. 45.
a Venetian illand, in the gulph of
Venice, having the illand of Cherlb
on the N. from which it is feparated
by a narrow channel.
OsiMo, E. Ion. 15. lat. 43. 20.
a town of Italy, in tlie Pope's tcr.
and mar, of Ancona, fit, 15 m. N.
W. of Loretto.
OsNABRUG, E. Ion. 7. 40» lat.
52. 31. a city of Germany, in the
cir. of Wcftphalia, capital of the
bifli. ©f Ofnabriip, fir. 75 m. W. of
H.incver. This biihopric, with the
territories beloitgiiig, to it, is held aU
tern-.tcly by a Prorcltont and Papill,
the Pauelhint being alwavs a Prijice
of the houfe of fknover. The lad
bifliop was Erneft Aup.nrtiis, Duke
of Vcrk, uncle to his M.ijcily King
George j tin- prrfcnt bifhop is the
tledlLf of Cologn. The territorirs
q/ this bi/hopnc 41c 4P m. iosg, ;liid
30 broad, and it is one of the moft
fruitful countries in Weftphalia j fuo.
to its bifh.
OsoRNo, W, Ion. 80. S. lat. 41.
n town of Chili, in South America,
fit. So m. S. of Baldlvia.
OssoRY, the Weft divifion of
'Queen's co, in Ireland,
OssuNA, W. ion. 5. Jat. 37. C.
a town of Spain, in tlie pr. ot An.
dalufij, fit. 40 m. E. cf Seville.
OsTAGiOj E. Ion. 9. 25. lar.
44.50. a town of Italy, iii liie ter. cf
Genoa, fit. 15 m. N. W. of Genoa.
OsTATRic, E. ion. 2. 34. Lr.
41. 35. a town of Sp.iin, in the pr,
of Catalonia, fit. 24 m, N. £. uf
Barcelona.
OsTEND, E. 100,2.45. lat. 5r,
15. a city and port town of the
Auftrian Nethcilands, in the pr. cft'
Flanders, fit, 12 m. W. o*-' Brug-is.
It ftands in a perfeft marfh, fur-
rounded by wide trenches, which
are filled with the fea-water, and i«
fortified according to art, fo that it
may be efleemed one of the ftrongefl
towns in Flanders, and is the bcil
harbour on that coafi, thouj^h the
town is not large j nor was it much
taken notice of till the year 1601,
when it was defended three years a-
gainft all the power of Spain, by the
Enjilifli and Dutch ; the Spaniards
Jofing 70,000 men before the phice.
The French feized it on iIjC death
of Charles II, King of Spain, anno
J 700, but the confederates recoverrd
it after the battle of Ramellies, arno
1706, The late Emperor, Charles
VI. was al>out to edablifh an E.ilb
India Company here, but was forced
to drop the dcfign by the Engli/b
and Dutch, which provoked tint
Prince to eiTter into an alliance wit 1
France. Oilcnd was tuken by thi
French, J745 ; but was ceded to the
houfe of Audria by the peace of Aix-
laChapellc, in I74'3.
OsTiA, E. Ion, 13. lat. 41. 30.
a port town of Italy, in tho Pope's
ter. and Camp.inia of Rome fit. it
the mouth of tlic Tiber, 10 m. S.
ot Rome, and formerly the pott
towa-
O T
O U
im, anno
t«wn to it, but the harbour is now
ciiwjked up, and Civitta Vtcchia is
the I'opo's thet port.
OsTiAC. See Oust I AC.
OsTiGLiA, E. Ion. II. 3 I. lat.
4:;. a town of Italy in the D. of
Miiitua, fitt on the river Fo, 15 m.
E. of Mantua j fub. to the houfe of
Aurtria.
0;,TR0G0TSK0I, E. loO. ^O.
•JO. lat. 51. 25. a city of Rufiia in
the pr. of Belgorod, fit. 62 m. S.
of VA)ronets.
Os r i; N I, E. Ion. 19. lat. 40. 45.
a t:*J» (>f Ita'y in the Iv. of Naples,
anl ter. of Otranto, fit. on tKe gulph
of Venice, 18 m. N, of T.iranto
the lee of a bifhop,
OswECo, W. Ion. 7S. lat. 4 .
JO. a town of the InHjuois, in iVorth
Ainerici, fit. on the W. fide of the
likcOntaiio, or Frontcnac, 300 m.
W. of Albany, in New Yorlc, where
thf Englifh trade with the diflant
li)cii<ins for their Ikiiis and i ^rs.
Oswestry, W. Ion. 3. 6. lat.
^;. 5c. a nurlict town of Shrop-
fliir, lit, 15111. N. VV. of Shicvvf-
bu'y.
Oyr.Ev» W. Ion. I. z9^. lit. C3.
50. a maikct town of Vurkniiic,
fit. in the \V. riding, 21 ni. W. of
^ork,
Otoq^ue, W. Ion. S2. lat. 7.
an ifland of Terra firma, or Daricn,
i;: Americ.n, lit. in the bay of H.ma-
r.n, 50 miles S. of Faririma, fiuni
V hence this city is furnuhtd with
jrovifion?,
Otr.^nto, E. Ion. 19. 15. lat,
AO. iz. a citv of Itjlv, in the K.
tf Naples, capitiil of the ter. of
O'^anto, fit. at the entrance of the
gulph of Venice, 43 ni. H. of Ta-
i;irito, and 2C0 w. E. of Naples
city ; the fee of nn arcl.uinii'p.
OrpicoLi, E. Ion. 13. 15. iat,
^2. 25. a town of Itily, in the
Pope's ter. and D. of Sw^lct o, fit,
35 m. N. of Ronic.
Otton \, or Orton,», E. Ion.
!S. 30. hit. 42. 22. a city of Italy,
in the K. of Naple?, and Hither
Adiuuo, fit, on ilic gulph ot Venice,
8 nn. N. of Laacianoj the fee of 4
bifhop.
OuDENARDE, E. long. 3. 30,
It, 50. 54. a town of tiic Aullriaa
Netherljnds, in the pr. of Manders,
fit. on the river Schfld, 13 m, S. of
Ghent. The French having laid
ficgc to this town, wtre obJigid to
raiCe it, and arterwards received a
memorable defeat by the Cfvfedt rates
commanded by the Duke of Mirl-
borough, on the eieventh of July,
170S.
Ojoenburc, E. long. 2. 50,
lat, 51, 15. a town of the AuUriaa
Nctbcilrnds, in the pr. of Flandeis,
fit. 10 ni. W. of Bruges, and 5 m,
S. E. of Oiknd,
OvEr. Fi. ACKEE, an ifland of
the United Nethei lands, in the pr,
cf Hoiland, fir. in the mouth of the
river M^es, having the ilhiiid (^f
Voorn on the N. Bi.'.bant en the E,
the ifldnd of Schoueii on the S. and
the Gorec on the W.
Over Y EC HE, E. long, 4. 26,
lar. ^o. 45. a town of the Auflii.iii
Netheilandf, in the pr. of Brabant,
fit. on the river \f;hc, 9 ni, N, E.
of Buillels, and 10 ni. S. W. of
L'luvniii.
UvERYssET., one of the United
Provinces, bouih-ed by Groniiii;cu
rn the N. by Wcilphalia on the E.
by Zutphen in theS. and I \ Gcli'u-
land, the Ziiyder fea, and Fnellind
on the \V. a country full <\ bogs
and low lands, fuhjecl to be o\tr-
fiov.ed.
OviEPo, W. Kng. 6. 40. ht.
43. 30. a city of Spain, capital cf
the pr. of Adu'ia, lit. on the r'vtr
Afij, 50 m. N. («f Leon i the fee
of a bifh. and an uriiv,
Ovt.Ntv, W. Jon. 50 min. I«f,
52. 8. a maikft toAn of iJui ks, Jn,
9 m. S. E. of N')fthaniptoi%
OfLz, E, Ion, 6. ^o. lar. 4^. a
town of Iirtly, in the pr. 01 Ficd-
niont, fit. 12 m, W. of Sufa.
Oi'NPi.E, W. Ion. 30 mIn. laf,
52. 30. a market tovvn of ^;^,rth-
amptofilliire, fit. on the river Ncn,
22 m. N, £. of Noilhatnpton.
Uusi,
O X
P A
If''-
Oust, a river which rlfing m the
N.of Yorlcfhire, runs S.E. by York,
and contiuning its course S. £. falls
into the Tr :pr »r Hunnber.
Oust, « ri .;r which rif« on the
confines of Ox. ndfhire and Bucking-
hamihire, and i<niiiing N. £. tHTO*
Bucks, Bedford iTfi re, Huntingdon-
fliire, Cambridge<i. ic, and Norfolk,
pafTes by Buckingham, Bedford,
Huntingdon, and Ely, difchaiging
itfelf into a bay of the German fea
at Lynn.
OUSTXACH, or OSTIACH
COUNTRY, is a part of Atiatic
RiiHia. Thtfe peopls extend along
the river litis, to its confluence with
the river Oby j from whence they
extend themfclves northward, along
the banks of the Oby .md J'-iiifa, till
they fall into the gulpH of Mangafea,
or the Frozen ocean } inhc.biring the
banks of feveral rivers, which fall
into the Oby and J'-nila. They
have «o towns; but live in huts,
that are cafily moved, or new buflt,
whenever ihcy go to hunt or fii'h,
vhich fecms to be the employment
of thefc people at the proper feafons,
having no corn in their country, or
following any kiiid ot hufbandry.
OxKORD, W. Ion. I. rj. lat. 51.
45. the capital city of Oxfordfliire,
the fee of a bifhop and univerfity,
fit. at the Confluence of tiie Ifis and
Chcrwell, 55 m. VV. of London, and
60 m, S. W. of Cambridge ; being
fauate on an eminence, almoft cn-
compailed with meadows, except on
the E, I'he whole town, with the
fubuibs, rf a circular form, about
3 miles in circumference ; confifting
chiefly of two fpacious ilrccts, which
crofs each ether in the middle of
the town. Tiiere are in this univer-
fity 20 colleges, and 5 iialls; feve-
ral of which I'anding in th? fireets,
give the city nn air of mjj;nificenrc.
The river being navigable from hence
to London, they fend great quanti-
ties of corn and malt thither by ca-
pacious barpep, and import conis and
other provifions the fame way from
London, As the colleges and town
are very beautiful, fo the people of
the city feem more humane, and
better polifh'd, than in any other
town in England. The city ele^ two
members of parliament, and the
univerfity as many : K. James I,
granted the univerfity this privilege,
and the like to the univerfity of
Cambridge.
Ox us, a river which rifes in the
mountains on the N. of India, and
running N. W, through Uibec Tar-
tary, afterwards feparates Perfia from
Uibsc Tartary, and falls into the
Cafpian fea, in 44 degrees of N. lat.
Some late maps carry it to a lake,
fit. E. of the Cafpian fea.
OzwEicziN, E. Ion. 19. lat. 50.
a town of Little Poland, fit, on the
river Weifel, on the confines of Si-
lelia, 30 m. W. of Cracow.
PA
PA C A MO RES, a province of
Peru, in South America, fit,
on the confines of Amazonia, S. of
the pr. of Quixos.
Pachamac, a temple of Peru,
in South America, dedicated by the
iDilians to the Supreme Being, which
communicates its name to the ailja-
cent country.
Pachsu, E. Ion. 20. 45. lat,
39. 15. an idand in the Mediterra-
nean, near the coafl of Epirus, in
European Turky, having the ifl^nd
of Coifu on the N. and Cephalonia
on the S. fub. to Venice.
Pacific ocean, or S. stA,(e»
paratcs Afia from Americj, king
lOjOoo m. widi; in the broadefl part.
It wa« called Pacific from the mode-
rate wejrher m.uincrs met with on
the coaft of Peru, and generally be-
twecii the tropics in tliat fea j the'
it appcirs, it i-J no Icfs ftormy tlun
other feas without the tropics, to-
wards cither pole. It was cjlled the
South Sea, bccaufe the Spani<ir(is
pilled
P A
P A
ople of
e, and
r other
cAtwo
id the
tmes I,
iv liege,
rfity of
$ in the
dia, and
)cc Tar-
fia from
mo the
N. lat.
) a lake,
. lat. 50.
, on the
es of Si*
•evince of
:rica, fit.
lia, S. of
of Peru,
Id by the
)g, which
jthe ai'ja-
45. lat.
lediterra-
[pirus, in
the ifl^nd
lephalunia
SEA, fe*
I: J, luing
[deft part.
le tnodc-
with on
[rally be-
ca ; the'
Irmy thjn
Lpics, to-
ld lied the
ISpan'urds
palled
jyaOed the ifthmus of Daiien from
N. to S. when they firft difcover'd
it { tho' it is properly the Weftern
ocean, with regard to. America.
PACTOLus„,a river of Lydia, in
the Leller Alia, celebrated by the
ancient poets for its golden fands.
Padang, E. Ion. 99. S. lat. i, 5.
a port town, fit. on the W. coaft of
the iHand pf Sumatra, in the £. In-
die;, in A&Zf -in poHenion of the
Dutch.
Fader BORN, £. Ion. 8. 25. <lat.
i;i. 45. a city of Gernaany, in the
cir. of Weftphalia, capital of the bifli.
cf Paderborn, fit. 40 m. N. W, of
Cafl'el. The territories belonging to
this bifhop are 40 m. long, and 20
broad j in which are a variety of
fa!t«fprings, and others of a remark-
able nature : one particularly, which
is loft twice in 24 hours, and returns
with fuch violence, that it turns fe-
veral mills near its fource. But the
ter. is a barren foil, more confidera-
b!e for its bacon and venifon than any
thing clfe. The bilhop is fovereign,
both of the city and country, being
the prefent Eleiftor of Cologn, who
was chofen anno 1723.
pAuis. See Badis in Livonia,
Pauron, \V. Ion. 9. 12. i.it. 42.
59. a town of Spain, in thepr. cf Ga.
licia, fit. 15 m. S. of Ccmpoilella.
Pad STOW, W, Ion. 5. ao. lat.
50. 40. a market town of Cornwall,
fit. on a bay of the IriHi channel, 30
jn. W. of Launcefton.
Padua, E. Ion. 12. 15. lat. 45*
30. capital of the pr. of Padua, (it.
82 m. W. of Venice, in a fine plain,
watered by the rivers Brent and Ba-
chilio. The form of the city is cir-
cular, and about 7 m. in circumfe-
rence j but the ground within the
walls not half built at prefent, and
great part of the houfcs tumbling
down ; tho' it has been one of the
mod Houriihing cities in Italy. In
tile time of the Romans, the inha-
bitants umounted to 100,000 ; but,
at prefent, they are not 30,000 }
^nd the univerfitv, which might hive
vied with the bvft, isreduccj to oae
colI«pe ! however, here Is ftll! a ma-
nufadlure of woollen cloth j and the
adjacent country abounds with oil
and wine, and the mofl> delicious
fruits. The people, however,- are
generally miferable, tl.rough'the ff-
ranny and oppreflion of the Venetian
republic. There is a» image of tKc
Bkfled ♦Virgin here, which, accord!
ing to their traditions, flew hit?her
froip Conflantinople, 'when that city
waa taken by the Turks J and they
have another of equal probability,
viz. That this city was fmmded by
Antenor, and a colony of Troi^ns.
Paduan, a pr. of Italy, in the
Venetian ter. bounded by theTrevi-
fane en the N, by the Dogailo, or
D. of Venice, on the E. by the Pa-
lefin de Rovigo on theS. and by the
Vicentin on the W. being 31; m.
in length, and almoft as much in
Jorcadtb.
Pago, E. Ion. 16. 12. Int. 45. an
iflaivd in the jiulph of Venice, fcpo-
ratejv fmm the continent of Murl.i-
chiabya narrow channel, bcinvi 40 m.
long, and 12 broad ; fub. to Vi-nice,
Pagoda, an Indian temple.
Pagoda, the name if an Indim
gold coin, of tlie value of g s. (*i cue
iiiie whereof are three pagoda'r, or
Indian ti'mplc«, engraved.
Pagods, the idols worftiipped in
them.
Pais Reconq.ui8, is a part of
Picaidy, in France, which was con-
quered by Edward III. king of Eng-
land, and remained in polVcflion of
the Englifh above 200 years ; but
was loft in the reign of Q^Mary,
anno 1558, being the laft of the ter-
ritories on the coi tinmt of France
that the Englifli were maftcrs of.
The chief towns in th's re-conqucrcd
c luntry, arc Calais, Guifnes, Ardrto,
and Oye.
Pa IT A, W. Ion. 80. S. ht. i^. a
port town of Peru in .S. Amtrici,
fit. 500 m. N. W. of Lim;», fiib. to
Spain, frequently plundered by the
Buccaneers, It was plurdcr'd and
burnt by Commodore Anfon, the po-
vernor rcfufing to lanlom it, i" 1 1. '
C c Paj«,
P A
P A
Pa IX, W. Ion. 72. 30. lat. 20.
a pcit town fit. on tlie N. fide of
tiie ifland of Hifpnniola, in America,
built by the French, and fiilijti^t to
J ranee, (it. 75 m. N. E. of Petit
Giuva's.
Falacics, W. Ion. 6. 5. lat.
37, a town (t Spain, in the pr. of
/incalufij, fit. 15 m. S. of jcville.
I'Ai.Ais (St.) \V. Ion. i. 8. lat,
43. 23. a town or France, in the pr.
tit G-ifc-tny, cr.pital of the Lower
Nivane, fit. 12 ni.S. E. of Baynnne,
1* A I. A M B O A N G , or P A 1. A M B A N G ,
E. lun. J 14. S. lai. 7. 30. the cnp.
of a K. at the E. end of the ifland
of Jvvi, in the E. Indies, in Afia,
lit. oii tiie ftraits of BJly, and fepa-
rated from the ifland of Bylly by a
narrow ftiait ^ fub, to its own Ptince.
I'al AMOS, E. l('n.2. 40. lat. 4.1,
5c. a port town of Spain, in I'.ic pr,
of Catiilonia, f,t on the Medilena-
neai), 15 m. S. E, of Girone.
Palanka, E. Ion. 19. lat. 4?.
12. a town of Upper Hungary, fit.
30 m. N. of Buda, lub. to the houfe
of Aiiftria.
Pal AT IN ATE of Bavaria, or
the Upper Palatinate, in the cir. of
Bavaria, in Geim.iny, fometimes
called the Nortgow, from its northern
fitaation, in rclpecl of the Elet'or of
Bavaria's other dominions. It is
bounded by Voigtland, in the cir. of
Upper Saxony, on the N. by B.^Iic-
inia and /\uflria on the E, by the ri-
ver Danube, which feparates it from
tiie D. of Bavaria, on the S. and by
Suabia, and part of Franconia on the
W. being about 70 m. long, and 40
Ijroad ; a mountainou!!, rocky coun-
tiv} but, in fome places their val-
leys produce good corn and pafiure.
'Jh^'y have alfo fome vineyards ; but
their wine has a rtinp, unplcafant
tafte. In their hills are rich mines
of copper, filver, and iron ; and the
gorges and manufadlories of iron are
very confiderable in this country.
'liiiE Palatinate was tiken from the
Eleftor Palatine, with his other ter-
ritories, on his afFuminf? the title of
King of Bohemia^ in uppufition tu
the ■Erripernr, anno 1620 ; and tranf-
ferred to the D. of Bavaria, with
the title of Eledlor. And the' tlie
refl of the Elcdor Palatine's domini-
ons weie reftorcd to his porttrity,
with an 8th Ele<^orate, by the tirnty
of Weflplialia ; yet this part of the
Palatine's territories, called the Up-
per Palatinate, with the Eledoral
dignity, v»as coniirrr^cd to the houle
of Bavaria. The chief town in the
Upper Palatinate is Amberg.
Pal AT J NATE of the Rhine, ft.
in the cir. of the Lower Rhine, in
Germany, is bounded by thep.nli-
bifliopricsof Mentz avid Triers on the
N. by the circles of Fnnconi.i rnd
Suabia en the E.^and by Alfatia ai;d
Lorrain on the S. and W. being tp.
wards of 100 m. long, and from 50
to 70 broad. The Rhine, the Nee-
kar, and other fine rivers runnln?
through it, contribute to render i:
one of the pleafanteft and moft fruit-
ful provinces of Germany j only un-
happy in l)ing on the frontiers rf
France, whofe Princes have burnt
and pliifidered this country, nntl ce-
moli/hed its fine towns more than
one ' in tin late wars. It is alwavs
obliged to fubfifl; large armies if
friends, as well as enemies, whenever
there happens a quarrel between
France and the German Prince?.
There are more Protellants than Pa-
piflsin the Palatinate ; but the I'iac
reign having been a Papiff for a con-
fiderable time, the Proteftants here
fufier great hurdfliips. They pr< ft's
their religion, however, pubhck'} ;
and have mofi of the churches in the
capital city of Heildelburg : but t!ic
lands of the church are cither alie-
nated, or in the hands of the Riman
Catholics. The Eledor I'alatineis
fovercign of the great cfl part of the
Palatinate ; of the Duchies of Ncw-
burg, Juliets, and Berg; the city cf
Dufleldorp ; and lordfh'p of Ravi n-
ftein. He is direfl^or of 3 ciich r, viz.
I. of the Lower Rhine, jointly wiih
the Elcdfor of Mentz ; 2. of the Up-
per Rhine, as Prince of Simmeicii,
with the biftiop of Womii ; and •;. ' t
Wdt-
P A
P A
Wcftphalia, as Duke of Jullers, al-
ternately with the K'ng of Fruflia,
who is Dvike of Cleves. The reve-
nues of the Palatinate arife by a toll
o;i all veilels going along the Rhine,
Neckar, and other rivers ; and from
t;,.: duties on corn, wine, and other
pf.ivifions ; the whole ellimated at
-.ro.cco 1, per ami. Ho keeps up
a hody of 6 or 7C00 men in time of
peace J and in the late wars niain-
tiincd 12,000 regular foires many
mountains of Seir, and the defarts of
Arabia Pctraja, on the S. and by the
Mediterranean fea on the W, fo that
it ieems to have been extremely v.'ell
fecured agairaft foreign invafions. Ic
WJS called Paleftine, from the Phi-
lillines, who inhabited the fea-coaft?.
It was called aUb Jadea, from Juda j
and the Holy Land, from our Sa-
viour's rcfiJence an:l fufFerings in it ;
and it is called Canaan, and the I'ro-
mis'd Land, in the Scriptures. It is
vjars. There is a difpute fubfiliing 150 m. in length, and upwards ; and
between the Elcdor Palatine and the
Eltdor qf Hanover, about the ti-
tular office of Arch-treafurer of the
Empiic.
PALAZULO, or Pi-A^ZO, E. loH.
14. 15. lat. 37. 40. a town of Si-
cily, in the Vai. de Noto, fit. 80 m.
S. W. of MelFma.
I'alazulo, E. Ion. 10. 12. lat,
45. 30. a town of Italy, in the ter,
of Venice, and pr, of Brefcia, fit.
on the river Oglio, 26 m. N. E. of
Milan.
So in breadth ; and, in the time of
Solomon, it feems to have extent'ed
from the Mediterranen fea to tne
river Euphrates, It is generally a
fruitful country, producing plenty cf
corn, wine, and oil wht^re it is cul-
tivated J and would be able to fuppiy
its neighbours with corn and wine,
as it did formerly, if the prefent in-
habitants were as iriduftrious. The
country about Jerufalem is the molt
mountainous and rocky ; but thel'e
mountains feed great herds of cattle,
I'ALiNciAjOr Placenti a,W, abound in milk and honey, and pro-
Ion. 5. lat, 42. 12, a city of Spain, duce excellent wine rnd olive oil,
in tLe pr, of Leon, fit, on the river where they are cultivated j as the
Cii, Co m. S.E. of Leon. valleys between the mountains do
Palermo, E. Ion, 13. lat. 3S, good crops of corn.
30. capital of the ifland of Sicily, fit. Palestrina, E, Ion, 13. 30.
o;i the N, coaft of that ifland, on a lat,42. a city of Italy, in the Pope's
b.\y of the Mediterranean, which ter. and Campania of Rome, fit, 30
fuims a commodious harbour, 150 m. E.ofKome,
m. W, of McHiaa. It is a well built Palic AT,or Pelicati,E. l^n,
city, furrounded with a wail, and 80. lat. 14. a port town of the Hi-
other fortifications } but of no gr.at th^'* India, in Afia, fit. en the roafl
llrength, as appears by the Germans of Cormandel, 70 m. N. of Fort St.
abandoning it on the invafion of the George, Here the Dutch have a
Spaniards, anno 1718, It Hands in
a pleafant fiuitful country; and is
the refidence of the Viceroy j but
the trade of this city, though very
canfiderable, is not equal to that of
Ml' (Tina.
PALiSTiNK, a part of Afiatic
factory.
Palimbam, E. Ion. 103. S. lat.
3. a town on the ifland of SiimatM,
in the E. Indies, in Afia, fit. no ni.
N E of Bcncoolen j fub. to tlic
Dutch,
Palma, W. Ion. 9. lat. 38. 3©.
Turliy, is fit. between 36 and 38 dc- a town of Portugal, in the pr. of
grees of E. Ion. and between 31 and Alenttio, fit, on the river Cadoan,
34 degrees of N, lat. boun.lcd by 24 m, E, of St.Ub-rs.
mount Libanus, which divides it Pai.ma, or Pa i.amoda, E. Ion.
from Syria, on the N. by mount 13. 30. lat, 46. 12. a town of Iti.ly,
Hermon, which feparates it from in the ter. ct Venice, and pr. of
Arabia Deferta, on the E. by the FriuP, fit. 8 m. N. of AquilfMi.
C c z Palma,
rw-iMfi-^a j ttW d ^ Tiffr tff i
'■^
P A
PA
Palm A, W. loa. 74. lat. 4. 30.
a city of Terra Firma, in S. Ame-
lica, in the pr. of Granada, fit. 50
in. N. W. of St. Fe ds Bigota j
fab. to Spain.
Palma Isle, W. Ion. 19. lat.
ag. one of the Canary iflands, in the
Atlantic ocean, fit. 60 m. N. W. of
Teneriff", and 200 m. W. of the con-
tinent of Africa, producing the beft
palm fack or canary ; fub. to Spain.
Pal MAS Cape, W. Ion. 8. lat.
4. 30. a promontory on the ivory
coail of Guinea, in Africa.
Palmyra, E. Ion. 39. lat. 33,
the ruins of a magnificent city in A-
fwtic Turky, in the pr. of Syria,
foppofed to have been the capital of
Queen Zenobia, fit. 200 m. S. £. of
Aleppo.
Palos, W. Ion. 7, 15. lat. 37.
a port town of Spain in the pr. of
Andalufia, fit. on the bay of Cadiz,
at the mouth of the river Tinio, 65
ni. S.W. of Seville.
Paios Cape, W. Ion, 40 min.
l.'t. '^y. 40. a promontory ot Sp^ii?,
in tiie pr. of iVIuicia, lit. io m. li.
of Cartagenn.
P. M.OTA, E. Ion. 18. 20. lat.
47. 30. a town of the Lower Hun-
gary, fu. 40 m. S.W. of Budaj lub.
IlJ the buiife of Auftria.
Pal us Meotis, or fea of A-
foph. See Meotis Palus.
Pamiers, E. !on. i. 16. lat. 43.
ao. a town of France, in the pr. of
Languedoc, fit. on the river Lauri*
goe, 30 m. S. of Touloufe.
Pampeluna, W. Ion. i, 30.
ht. 43. 15. a city of Spain, capital
of the pr. of Navarre, fit. 30 m. S.
of Sr. Sebaftian's, and 200 m. N. E.
of Madrid j the fee of a biffi. and an
univeifity.
Pampeluna, W. Ion, 72. lat.
7. a city of Terra Firma, in S. Atne-
tica, fit. 200 m. S. of Maracaibo ;
fub. to Spain.
Pamphylia, the ancient nome
of a pr. of the LefTer Afia, fit, on
the Mediterranean, between the pro-
vinces of i>}cja and Cilicia, now a
part of Carlmania, and fub. to the
Turks.
Panama, W. Ion, 82. lat. 9,
the capital city of the pr, of Darien^
or Terra Firma proper, in S. Ame-
rica, It fiands upon a capacious bay
of the Pacific ocean, and is furround-
ed by a ftone wall and other fonifi.
cations j and contains about 6oco
houfes. Ships unload at the ifiand
of Perica, 3 m. from the city, tlie
water being too {hallow to admit of
large vcflels to come nearer. It is
the fee of a bifh. and the feat of the
governor of the province, and of the
courts of juftice j and hither the
treafures of gold and filver, and otlicr
rich merchandize of Peru, are brouglit
and lodged in magazines, till they
are tranfported to Europe : and here
the merchandize of Europe, fent to
America by the galleons, is lodged,
till it it exported to the feveral ci-
ties of Peru, to which it is afllgned.
Old Panama ftood about 4 m. from
the prcfent city, which w.';3 taken
and I'limdcreH by Sir Iknry Morfrm,
i!!id ncciilctitJJiy hitMj: down wji.le
lie was in poireifion of it. It is to
be prcfiimcd, the Spaniards have built
this in a more advantageous fituation,
and fortifitd it better, to prevent the
1 ke attempts j but if Sir Henry
Morgan could eftefl this with 500
men, what might not an army h,ue
done, in the beginning of the late
war, before the Spaniards had put
their towns in a pofture of defence ?
Panaria, E. Ion. 15. lat, 39.
one of the Lipari iflands, fit. a little
N. E. of the ifland of Lipari, 30 m.
N. of the main ifland of Sicily j fab.
to the K. of the two Sicilies,
Panaro, a river of Italy, which
rifing in the Appennine hills, on the
confines of Tulcany, runs N. into
the Modenefe, and afterwards dividts
Modena from Romania j and thea
turning E. runs by Ferrara through
the Ferrarefe, falling into the gulpii
of Venice at Valona j and is called
the Po di Valona.
Panay, £. Ion. 119. lat. ir.
capital
P A
P A
t is to
lave built
tuation,
event the
Henry
th 500
my h.ue
he late
lad put
efence ?
lat. 39.
a little
30 m.
y } fab.
which
on the
N. into
s dividts
:d then
through
gulph
called
Jat. IT,
capital
capital of the ifle of Panay, one of
tiic Philippine illands, in Ali.i, lit.
between the iliands cf Paiagoa and
Negro. The ifland is upwards of
400 m. in citcunifcrcnce, luljccl to
Spain.
Pakswick, W. Ion. 2. 15. lat.
^i. 40. a maikct town of Glcceftcr-
ihire, fit. 6 ni. S. of Giotefttr.
Pan" CO, W. Ion. 103. lat. 23.
a city A Mexico, in Americ- capi-
tal Of the pr. of Panuco, .11, on the
gulph of Mexico, at the mouth of a
river oi the fame nnme, 200 miles
N. of the city of Mexico j lub, to
Spain,
Papa, E. Ion. 16. lat. 47. 40.
a town of Lower Hungary, fit. 15 m.
S. of Raab, fubjedl to the Emprefs
Qu^een,
Papenheim, E, Ion. 11. lat.
48. 55. a town of Germany, in tlie
cir. of Franconia, capital of the co. of
Papenheim, fir. on the river Altmul,
30 m. S. of Nuremberg j fub, to its
own Count.
Paphlagonia, an ancient 'pr.
of tlie Leder Afia, fit. on the llux-
ine fea, N. of Galatia, now part of
the pr, of Amafia in Turky.
Paphos, once an elegant city in
the ifland of Cyprus, in A(ia } now
tile httle town of Baffo, at the W.
end of the ifland, is all that remains
of it J fub. to the Turks.
Papoul (St.) E. Ion. 1. 4c. lat.
43. 28. a town of France, in the pr.
ot Languedoc, fit. 32 m. S. E. of
Touloufe.
Papous terra, or New Gui-
nea, a large continent, a little S. of
tiie equator, in the Pacific ocean,
fit. in 130 degrees of E. Ion. E. of
I fie Spice ifland s j but how far it ex-
tends further to the eaftward or
foutliward, is uncertain. It feems
to be a barren unhofpitable coun-
try, and but few inhabitants j at Itaft
the Dutch have reprciented it as
iuch ; and no nation has thought fit
to make any fettlements in it, or to
l:nd (ny colonies thither.
Paaacoya, cnc t»f the Philip-
pine iflands, in Afi.i, fit. a little N.
of Borneo, near 3C0 m. long ; fub.
to one of the Prmces of Borneo.
Paragua, or La Plata, apr,
of S. America, is bounded by the
country of the ArT.nzcns on the N,
by Bralil on the E. by Patagonia (n
the S. and by Peiu and Chili on the
W. lying between 12 and 37 deg. of
S. lat, and between >o and 7 5 degrees
of W. I'/n, bc'ng 1500 m. in Irn jh
from N. to S. and almuit as nnich
in breadth. 'I'hefe countries pro-
duce rice and Lidian ccrn, and have
now vjfi: herds of cattle j and the
Spaniards, to wh'cli ihcy are fuhjeit,
have introduced Europe in com and
fruirs, as well as cattle. In tliat part
of the country, W. uf the gieat livcr
Par.i-ua, aie vaft phiir.s, extend-
ing ("evcral hundred mil s, with ^cry
little wood upcn rium, and icarce
a hill to be fecn ; but on the E. of
the river P.irjgua, which is divided
from Brafil by a chain of mouiicains,
there is a variety of hills and valle\s,
woods and ch.'.mpaigu ^ and this be-
ing the property of the J>;fuits, iS
very vvcil cultivated by th'i natives,
wh<) are their profciytes and fuljt-fts.
This country is c^llid Pa-r.-^gua, fr. rr»
the river that runs through it from
N. to S, and La P;.ira. from the ri-
ver which riles in W:\\., and lunning
S. VV. through ir, joini its waters
with the Para^Urt, ne.ir Buenos Ay-
res ; at'ter wiuch, the united ilream
is called La IMata, and falls into the
Atlantic ocean, between the Spamili
territories of La Plata and the Por-
tugueze territories of IJrafil. Tic
Spaniards bring part of the treafuK-s
of Peru, from thence to Bucri s Ay-
res, down tlxc river La Plata j ar.d at
Buenos Ayres, put th':m on board oi
fliips ii-,\- Spain, with vail quantities
of lkin«, and other raerchaaJizo of
thofe countries.
Par Ai J3A, or Paria, is tbf moft
northern pr, if Bialil, in S, Auicrl-
ca, fit. on the S. (i^^n ot ihemoutb
tf the liver Amazon ; fvib. to Por-
C C J TAkA-
^^1
P A
P A
Parana, a pr. of Paragua, In
S. Arrierica, fir, between the river
Puragua and Brafil j lub. to Spain.
1'akdo, a palace of the K. of
Spain's, with a fine park and gardens,
about 6 m. N. W. trom Madrid.
PareS'zo, or FiRENzo, E, Ion.
14. 10. lar, 45. 30. a port town of
Iflria, in the ter. of Venice, fit, on
a bay of the gulph of Venice, 25 m.
S. of Cabo de Iflria.
Paria, a lake in Peru, in S,
America, in. the pr. of Los Charcas,
fit. in 67 degrees of W. Ion. and 22
degrees of S. lat. 100 m. N, W. of
La Plata ; fub. to Spain.
I'aria, cr Nkw Andalusia,
a country of the Terra Firma, in S.
America, having the North (ea, or
Atlantic ocean on the N. the coun-
try of Guiana, from which it is fepa-
rated by the river Oronoque, on the
E. and by Venezuela on the W. The
N. part of this country is ufually cal-
led Caribiana j it is fub. to Spain.
Par IS, E. Ion. 2. 25. lat. 48. 50.
the metropolis of the K. of France,
and of the principality or govern-
ment of the Ifle of France, 200 m.
S. E. of London, 6S0 m. N. £. of
Madrid, 550 m. W. of V^ienna, 13C0
N. W. of Conflantinople, and 700
m, N. W. of Rome. Paris is ufual-
ly divided in thiee parts, i. the town
•which is the lar^eft,, fit. on the N. fide
flf the river Seync ; ad, the city, much
the leaft, but the moft ancient, con-
fiftmgof 3 little idands in the middle
t)f the Se>'ne ; 3d, the univ. which
lies on the S. fide of the river. That
psrt of the town which ftands on the
N. fide of the river and call'd the
town, lies on a perfe£l level and was
formerly a bog j and that part call'd
the city lies low j hut that part
call'd the univetfity, on the S. fide
of the river, has feveral little hills in
it. The whole town, according to
t'lS French writers, is of a circular
f)rm, fix leagues in circumference,
and the diameter three ; confequently
muit fiand upon more ground than
London J but thofe who have view'd
both arc of another opinion ; certain
it is London is more populous. The
largeft calculators will not make the
inhabitants of Paris amount to much
more then 700,000 men ; and there
are, at leaft, 200,000 more in Lon-
don. The houses of Paris are built
of white hewn ftone, 5 or 6 fiorics
high : and as every nobleman almoft
has a large hotel or palace in it with
courts and gardens, it mud be ad-
mitted, that thefe excel every thing
of that kind m London. As for the
Louvre and the reft of the royal pa-
laces in Paris, whete their kings
us'd to refide, thefe are old decay'd
buildings that do not anfwer a tra-
veller's expeflations at prefent. It
is an archb. fee, and an univ. in
which, 'tis faid, there were ico col-
leges, tho' there are but 54 at prefent
that bear that name j and of thefe
there are but 10 where exercifes are
perform'd. The Sorbonne is one cf
the fineft colleges in Europe, from
which the whole univ. is frequent-
ly caird the Sorbonne. It is now
very much upon the decline, other
colleges and acadcmi'^s beihg eredled
of late years by toyal authority. 1 he
civil jurifdi£tion, and all the other
privileiics almoft which the Sorbonne
had formerly, are taken from ir.
The Academy of Sciences is of
much the fame nature as that of
the Royal Society of London. Be.
fides which, there is an acadenr.y
for refining and improving the French
language; others for the improve*
ment cf painting, fculjiture, and ar.
chitedlure j others for the exercif;;
and improvement of all mechanic
arts and manufadures, tapeftry, mo-
faic woik, wrought plate, works of
iron, fleel, copper, brafs, emlroide-
ry, &c. The chief manufactures cf
this city are thofe of gold and filver
fluffs, wrought filks, velvet, gold anJ
filver lace, ribbons, tapeftry, iinnen,
and glafs. There are, according to
a late French writer, 22,000 lu^ufej
in Paris, many of which are 7 fioriti
high, and a family in almofl: every
ftory, 52 parilhes, 134 monaflerie.',
of which 56 aru Inhabited by friers,
P A
P A
ry, mo-
Bvorks cf
mlroide-
idtures cf
\r\A Ijlver
gold and
linnen,
oiding tJ
lO houfe3
7 fioriti
ofV every
naflcrie.%
by friers,
and
and 78 by nuns ; 979 ftreets; 14,000
coaches, and upwards of 700,000
fouls.
Park Abbv, near Louvain in
the Auftrian Netherlands, an excel-
lent fituation for a camp, and there-
fore frequently poflelVed by the ar-
mies in the late wars.
Parma Due wy, in Italy, bound-
ed by the river Po, which fcparates
it from the Cremonefe, on the N. by
the D. of Modena on the S. E. by
the ter, of Genoa on the S. VV. and
by the Pavefan and Bobbio on the
W, b:ing 60 m. long, and 30 broad.
It is a fruitful foil, and abounds
in cattle, and rich paftures, corn,
wine, rice, oil, and excellent fruits :
and here they meet with plenty of
truffles, a root in much ellecm with
thufe that love good eating : and
here are fome mines of copper and
filver. This D. was aflign'd to the
houfe of Auflria (after the death of
the late D. of Parma without ifluc)
by a treaty between the la»^e Empe-
ror, Charles VI. and France, anno
1736, and the houfe of Auftria took
pofleirion of it accordingly j againft
which the Pope protefted, claiming
it a.; a fief of the holy fee,
Parma City, E. Ion. 11. lat.
44. 45. capital of the D. of Parma,
ill Italy, 45 m. N.W. of Bologna,
60 m. N. E. of Genoa, and 65 S. E.
of Milan. It is pleafantly fit. on the
river Parma : the form circular, and
about 3 m. in circumference, de-
fended by a citadel, and other modern
works, and efteemed a ftrong town.
Here is a univ. and an academy of
wits, as there is in mod Italian ci«
ties J and it is the fee of a biflvop.
The court of Parma in the reign of
the late Dukes of the houfe of Far-
nefe, was one of the moft elegant in
Europe. The Q»^of Spain is a daugh-
ter of Parma, whole eldeft fon, Don
Carlos the prefent K. of the Two
Sicilies was to have fucceeded to this
D. and that of Tul'cany, by virtue
of a treaty between the powers of
Europe : but the Q^of Spain and her
iba were coatent to relixiijuiih their
intereft in thofe Duchie?, in confi-
deration of Don Carlos's being con-
firm'd in the dominion of Naples and
Sicily by the houfe of Auftria, anno
1736 ; but by the treaty of Aix.la-
Chapelle, the Duchies cf Parma, Pia-
centia, and Guaflalla, were conferred
on Philip D, of Parma, fecond fon of
the Dowager Q^of Spain, and brother
to Don Carlos K.. oi the Two Sicilies,
anno 1748.
Parnassus, a mountain of the
ancient Greece, now European Tur-
ky, fit. in the W, part of Achaia,
now Livadia, N. of the guJph of
Lepanto, whofe high tops appear jn
two points at Delphos, the prefent
Caftro, and occalioned its being call'd
Biceps ParnafTus. Below the cleft
rifes a fpring, fuppofed to be the an-
cient Eons Caftalis, where the Py-
thian prophettfs, and the poets who
pretended to infpiration, ufed to bathe
and drink the waters.
Parnau, or Pernow, E. Ion.
24, lat. 58. a city and port town of
Livonia, lit. on a bay of Livonia irv
the Baltic !ea, 80 m. N. of Riga,
Paros, E, Ion. 25. 30. lat. 3d.
30. one of ths fmallclt of the iflands
of the Cyclades, or Archipelago, in
the midway aimoft between the Mo-
rea and the Lelfer Afia, famous for its
marble, but more famous for its ex-
cellent ftatuarics, Phidias and Praxi-
tiles, who feemed to give life to the
ftatues '.hey wrought j and fome of
them became the objedh of divine
worHiip. This iHand was dedicated
to Bacchus, on account of the ex-
cellent wines it produced.
Partenkirk, E. Ion. 11. latv
47. 30. a town of Germany, in th;
cir. of Bavaria, fit. 40 m. S.W. oF
Munich.
Par TEN ay, W. Ion. ao min,
lat. 45. 4.5. a town of France, in the
pr. of Qrleanois, and tcr. of Poidtou,
lit. 30 m. W. of Poidliers,
Part HI A, a country of Afiaj^
formerly fo called, fit. almoft in the
middle of the modem Perlia.
Pas, E. Ion. 2. 30. lat. 50. ij,
a towii of the French Netherlands^
ia
:£^
P A
P A
in the pr. of Artois, fit. 12 m, S.W.
of Arras,
pAbLAV, \V. Ion. 4, 20. lat. 55.
45. a town of Scotland, in the co. ot"
Renfrew, fit. 6 m. W. of Glafgow.
Passao Cap£, a promontory of
Peru, in S, America, juft under the
equator, W, Ion. 81,
Passage, W. Ion. i. 53. lat.
43. 30. a port town of Spain, in the
pr. of Biftay, and ter. of Guipufcoa,
60 m. E. of Bilboa, and a very little
E. of St. Sebaftian's, a ftation of the
Spanifli men of war, and where the
French burnt feveral in the laft war
between France and Spain.
Passau, E. Ion. 13. 30. lat, 48.
30. a city of Germany, in the cir. of
Bavaria, cap, of the biih. of Paflau,
fit. at the confluence of the three
rivers, Danube, Inn, and Ilts, 60 m.
S. E. of Katifbon, and 15 m. N.W.
of Lints. It is naturally ftrong, fur-
rounded on all fides by rocks or ri-
vers } but it has been taken and re-
taken feveral times in the wars be-
tween the houfes of Auftria and Ba-
varia, or rather has furrendered with-
out flaying to be befieged j from
whence we may conclude, that the
fortifications are not very ftrong, or
the bifh. who is fovereign of it, chules
to fubmit rather than his people
fliould fufler in their fortunes, and
have their houfes beat about their
cars. The ter. belonging to it, lies
chiefly on the N. fide of the Danube,
between the pal. of Bavaria, and the
Upper Auftria. Here a treaty was
concluded between the Emperor and
the Froicitant Princes and ftates of
the Empire, anno i552> whereby the
Lutherans were eftabliflied in the free
exercife of their religion.
Pas TO, W. Ion. 77. lat. 2. a
city of Popayan, in S.America, 120
m. N. of Quitto J fub. to Spain.
Patat, E. Ion. 1. 50. lat, 48.
5. a town of France, in the pr. of
Orleanois, fir. 14 m. N. of Orleans.
Patagonia, the rooftfouthern
part of S. America, is fomstimes ex-
tended from the mouth of Rio di la
Piau, in 36 degrees of S, lat, to cape
Horn, in 55. 30. and flmetlmes the
Spaniards are pleafcd to comprehend
all Patagonia in the government of
Chili ; but the propereft limits of it
on the N. are a line drawn from the
Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, in 45
degrees of S. lat. for beyond this
line neither the Spaniards, or any
other European nations have any fet-
tlements, but it remains in the pof-
felTion of the Patagonians, or fouth-
ern Indians j a very unpollHied peo-
ple, of whofe religion, government,
or cuftoms, we know little. The
other boundaries of this country are
the Atlantic Ocean on the £. the
Southern Ocean on the S. and the
Pacific Ocean on the W. Cape lio: n
being the utmoft fouthern limits, and
ending in a point. The people of this
country are of a tawny, or olive co-
lour, of a middle ftature, and ufually
painted with red earth j their faces
difcoloured with black ftrcaks and
white fpots J their cloathing the fkins
of feals, otters, or other animals,
fewed together, making a piece fi\3
foot fauare, which they wrap about
them when they fit ftilJ, but throw
off when they are in adlion, fifhing,
hunting, &c. on their heads the men
have caps of fkins, adorned with fea-
thers, and on their feet have pieces
of /kins inftead of fhoes. The women
have no covering on their heads but
their hair, are cloathed like the men,
but adorn themfelves with rings and
bracelets about their arms and necks :
they feed on fifh and flefli, but there
are neither giants or canibals among
them, as the firft adventurers on
this coaft gave out. It is generally
a barren country, at leaft it appears
fuch, not being cultivated by the
natives, yielding no corn, and very
little fruit. The Spaniards built
forts, and fent fome colonies to the
ftraits of Magellan, at the firft dif-
covery of them, but moft of their
people perifhed there, and no Euro-
pean nation has thought fit fince to
fend any colonies thither.
Pa TAN, E. Ion. 89. lat, 17. 30,
the capital of a pr, la the £* Ifidies,.
f'ljmu •^
P A
P E
fhing,
men
1 fea-
jieces
omen
but
men,
and
lecks :
there
mong
rs on
lerally
pears
/ the
very
built
the
ft dif-
their
Eiiro-
ice to
odies^
!n Afia, fit. 100 tn. N. of Huegly,
in Bengal.
Patchuca, or Patioc^ue, W.
Jon. 103. lat. 21. a city of Mexico,
in N. America, fit. 70 m. N. of
Mexico, near which is a fiiver mine j
fub. to Spnin.
Patmos, E, Ion. 27. lat. 37.
one of the leaft of the iflands in the
Aichipclago, S. W. of Samos, moft
confiderable for its commodious har-
bour. To this ifland St. John the
£vang. was baniihed, and the monks
pretend to fliew a cave where the
Holy Ghoft dictated the Revelations
to htm. This idand with the refl: is
fub. to the Turks.
Patna, E. Ion. 85. Jat. 26. a
city of the Hither India, in Afia,
capital of the ter. of Patna, in the
pr. of Bengal, fit. on the river Gan-
ges, 4000 m. E. of Agra j fub, to
the Mogul,
Patowmac, a great river vf
Virginia, in North America, which
rifmg in the Apalachian mountains,
runs S. E. feparating Virginia from
M'ryland, and falling in'.j the bay
of Chefepeak. This river is navi-
gnble 2C0 m, generally 7 m. broad,
;inil in fome places 9 miles. The
tide ill this river rifes about two feet
perpendicular, and ebbs and Hows
regularly.
Patrana, or Pastrana, W.
Ion, 3. 15. lat. 40. 30. a town of
Spain, in the pr. of New Caftile, fit,
40 m. E, of Madrid,
Patr as, E. Ion, 21. 30, lat. 38.
20. a city and port town of Euro-
pean Turky, in the pr, of the Mo-
tea, fit. on the Mediterranean, 20
ni. S. of Lepanto, and 60 m. W. of
Corinth.
Patray. SeePATAY.
Patrimony of St. Peter's,
comprehending the D. of Caftro, and
ter. of Orvietto, is bounded by Tuf-
cany and Ombria on the N. E. by
Sabina and the Campania of Rome
on the S. E, and by the Tufcan fea
en the W.
Patrington, E. Ion. i^min,
lat. 53. 4a, a market town of York-
/hire, fit. at the mouth of the Hum*
bcr, 50 m. S. E. of York.
Patti, E, ion. 14. 45. lat. 38,
36. a port town of Sicily, in t\u. pr.
of Val Demona, fit. on the Mediter-
ranean, 46 m. W. of Mcflina.
Pau, W. Ion. 33 min, lat. 43,
22. a city of France, in tiie pr. of
Gafcony, and ter. of Bearne, fit, on
the river Gave de Pau, 36 m. S. E»
of Bayonne,
Pa VIA, E, Ion, 9, 40. lat. 45,
15. a city of Italy, in the D. of
Milan, 16 m. S. of Milan, and 4 m.
N. of the Po. The fee of a bifhop
and univ. capital of the Pavefan, a
ter. exceeding fruittul in corn and
wine.
Paul (St. ue Leon) W.lon.4«
lat. 49. a port town of France, in
the pr. of Britany, fir. at the en«
trance of the Englifh channel,
Paul (St.) E. Ion. 4. 50. lat.
44, 22, a town of France, in the
pr. of Dauphine, fit. on the E. fide
of the river Rhone, 12 m. N. of
Orange.
Paul (St.) W. Ion. co. S. lat,
23. 30. a city of iyralil, in S. Anie*
sfica, in the pr. of St. Vincent, fit.
100 m, N. W. of St, Vincent, built
for the fecurity of the rich mines in
this pr. fub. to Portugal.
Paz, W. Ion. 66. lat. 18. a city
of Peru, in S. America, fit. c , the
E. fide of the lake Titicaca, 350 m*
S. E, of Cufco ; fub. to Sp:»in.
Peak, a rocky mountainous
country, in the V/. of Darbyfhire,
in which are mines of lead and iron,
taken notice of alfo ior its fpacious
caverns, in one of which no bottom
can be found.
Pearl Fort, E. Ion. 4. io«
lat, 51. 15. a fortrefs in Dutch Bra-
bant, fit. on the river Scheld, 4 m.
N. W. of Antwerp, by which the
Dutch command the navigation of
the 'cheld.
Pearl Islands, W. Ion, 81,
and between 7 and g degrees N. lat,
are fit, in the bay of Panama, ia
America j the inhabitants of that
city have plantations in them, '.Voin
vhcace
P E
P E
whence they are fupplied with fruits,
garden-ftuff, and other provifions.
Pecq^uencour, E. ]on. 3, 10.
lat. 50. 25. a town of the French
Netherlands, in the pr. of Hainalt,
fit. on the S. fide of the river Scarpe,
5 m. E. cf Doway.
PeoENA, OrPENDENA, E Inn.
14. 50. lat. 45. 30. a town otiftria,
in the ter. of Venice, fit. 28 m. S. E.
of Cabo de Irtria.
Pedir, E. Ion. 94. lat. 5. a
town of the ifland of Sumatra, in
the E. Indies, in Afia, fit. 30 m.
E, of Achin, and fub. to the K. of
Achin.
Peebles, orPEBLis, W. Ion
3. lat, 55. 35. a town of Scotland,
capital of the /hire of Tweedale, fit.
on the river Tweed, 22 m. S. of
Edinburgh.
Pegnits, a river which rifes In
the E. part of the cir, of Franconia,
and running S. E. by Nurenburg,
joins its waters with the RegnitF, a
little below that city.
Pegu, £. Ion. 97. lat. 17, 30.
a city of the Further Pcninfula of
India, in Alia, capital of the K. of
Pegu, and fit. on a river of the f me
name, 300 m. N. W. of Siam.
Pegu Kingdom, is fit, on the
£. fide of the bay of Bengal, in the
E. Indies, in Afia, bounded by the
K. of Ava on the N. by the moun-
tains, which feparate it from Laos
on the r, by the K. of Siam, and the
bay of Bengal on the S. and by an-
other part of the bay of Bengal on
the W, This country, like others
between the tropics, is flooded wlicn
tlie fun is vertical, but the mud and
flimc which the waters leave when
they retire, render the low lands
fruitful as the Nile does tliofc of
Egypt } as to the higher grounds,
they are parched up foon after the
rains are over ; and if they fow
whcMt on them, thry fcnictimes
do, they are forced to water their
fields by little channels, wliich con-
vey the water to them, from their
cifterni and rcfcrvoiis. But they
fow much more rice than whcnt,
which is more fuitable to the flooded
foil. They have not much of the
European fruits, unlefs figs, oranges,
lemons, citrons, and pomegranates j
but they Jiave bananos, goyvas,
durions, mangoes, tamarinds, anna-
nas or pine apples, coco-nuts, and
other tropical truits j they have alfo
pepper and fugar-canes, and great,
variety of melons, cucumers, roots,
and other garden-ftuft, which is
their prin. ipal food. Their hills are
covered with wood, and they have a
great deal of good timber j but their
bamboes, a kind of hollow cane,
which grows to the bignefs of near
a foot diameter, is of the greateft
ufej this they bend and form while
it is young, making it fie for what-
ever they defign it, and particularly
to hang their palanquins upon : thc(e
are couches on which they lie when
they travel, carried upon mens fhouj.
derr.' They have few horfcs or fheep,
but plow with oxen and buflalots,
and carry butthens upon them as
well as camels j nor dues any place
abound more in elephants than this
and the adjacent countries : thsy
compute the ftreiigth of their armies
by the number and fize of their
elephants. The Englifh, fiom F(,rt
St, George, traffic pretty much with
this country, and, befides furs and
fkins, import from thence rubie%
faphires, and other precious ftones.
The houfes here are built freqtiently
on pillars by the river fide, and 111
the time of the rains they have nc-
communication with one another but
by boats, in the flat country. Of
what nature their government is, the
Europeans can give b t a flsnder ac
count, only that th^have a King,
and they prefume he is abfolute, as
moft of the eaftern FMnces are ; and
It is fiiid he is fom^ imcs tributary
to the King of Ava. There is one
thing that fccms peculiar to the
people on the E. fide of the bay ot
Bengal, they are fo far from refcnr-
ing a foreigner's being free with
their women, that they will oft'er
their daughicis to them for tcn-.po*
P E
P E
Tary wives, while they remain In
the country ; and fome fay they will
offer their wives to ftrangers, to
mend the breed, not being much in
love with their own copper colour.
J*EiBus. See Pepus lake.
Peine, E. Ion. lo. 15. lat. 53.
fl^. a town of Germany, in the cir.
ot Lower Saxony, and bifliopr, of
Hildeftiicm, fit. 14 m. W. of Brunf-
SMck.
Pe K I N, E, Ion. III. lat. 40.
the metropolis of the empire of
Chin.1, and of the pr. of Pekin, fit.
about 60 m. S. of the wall, whkh
feparates China from Tartaty, and
;03 m. W. of the Cang Tea, a bay
Of the Pacific ocean. Tlie city is
about 20 m. in circumference, and
contains 2,000,000 of people, which
i; more than double the number there
Is in London. The chief ftreets are
120 feet broad, and 3 m. long. In
the fhops before their houfes their
filks and China- ware are expofed to
file, from one end to the other, and
make a very beautiful appearance,
'I'he walls of this city are fo high
th.it tlicy cover the town, and broad
ni<iij.'h for fcvcral people to ride a-
biejft J and arc Rrengthcned by
f^uaic towers, at about a bow-ftot
dillance. The gates are of marble,
and have a lar^e fortrefs built before
eich of them. The En.pcror's pv
l.HT, with the gardens, are in the
niiiMle of the city, being 2 m. long,
and one broul, inclofed with a wail.
'i'he town rtamls on a level plain, no
hills in it, only two artificial mounts
in tlie llmperor's palace. They
have no coaches, but are tarried on
horliback, or in chairs, from one
part tf the town to another. They
liave no chimneys in their houfes,
I'ut ufe flovcs or charcoal, in cold
weather, nor have they any beds, but
llccp on mattrcircs.
Pki.isa, E. Ion. 19. lat, 47. 45,
a town of Lower Hungary, fit. 13,
m. W. of Buda ; fuh. to Auflria,
Pr.LLA, E. 'on. 23. lat, 41. an
ancient city of GrcctrC, in ihe yr, of
ThefTaly, now a part of European
Turky, fit. 50 m. W. of Salonichi.
Peloso, E. Icn. 17. lat. 40. 40,
a town of Italy, in the K. of Naple?,
and pr. of the Bafilicate, fit. 35 m,
W. of Barri.
Pelusium, E. Ion. 33, lat. 51,
a city of Egypt, in Africa, now called
Damictta, fit. on the E. branch of
the Nile, 4 m. S, of the Mediterra-
nean, ICO m. N. E. of Grand Cairo,
and 100 E, of Rofletto ; once a con-
fiderable port, but the weftern branch
of RoHI'tto is now moft frequented.
1'e MiiR IDG E, W. Ion. 2. 50. Iat»
52. 18. a market town or Here-
foidfljire, fit. 13 m. N. W. of Here-
ford,
PEMRROKESHiRr, thc moft S,
W. CO. of Wales, having the coun-
ties of Cardigan and Carmarthen ort
the E. and the Itifh fea on the N,
W. and S.
Pemekoke, W. Ion. 5. lat. 51.
4<;. capital of the co. of Pembroke }
fends one member to parliament.
Pekdennis, W. long, 5. 30,
Jat. 50. ro. a caftle in Cornwall,
fit. on Fahnouth bay, 50 m, S. VV.
of LaunceHon.
Pf.ne, a river of Germany, in
thc cir. of Upper Saxony, which runs
from W. to E. thro' W. Pomerania,
dividing the Swedi/h tcrri'^ories in
Pomerania, from thole of Brar ien-
burg,
Penemunper, E. Ion, 14, 10,
lat. 54, 20. a fottrcfs (T Germany,
in the cir. of Upper Sax(,ny, and l3.
of Pomerania, lit. on the ille of
UAdom, at the mouth of the rivor
Pene ; Tub. to the K. of Prullla.
PENFORn,W. 1( n. 2. 35. lat. 51,
2<;« a niarkft tcwn of Sonicrlctfliiie,
lit, to m. W. tf Rath,
PjNfiUIN I ST. AND and BAY,
W, Ion. 70. S. lat. 47. fit. on the
coafl < f Patagonia in SouHi America,
2CO m. N. of Port St. Julian.
Peniciie, W. Ion. 9. 36. lat,
39. 20. a port town (-f Portugal in
the pr. of Ertremjdura, (it. on the
ocean, 40 it), N, of Liibon.
PlNlCK,
P E
PE
^ENiCK, E. Ion, 13. lat. 50. 4$.
a town of Germany, in the Marq.
of Mifnia, fit. 16 m. S* £. of Alten-
burg.
Peniscola, under the meridian
of London, lat. 40. 29. a port town
of Spain, in the pr. of Vaienciai
fit. on the Mediterranean, 50 na. N.
of Valencia.
Penkridge, W. Ion. 2. 10. lat.
52. 47. a market town of Stafford-
ihire, 4 m. S. of Stafford.
PCNMANMAUR, OQC fif the
highed mountains in Wales, in£ar-
narvonfhire.
Fennaflor, W. Ion. 6. 50. lat.
43. 15. a town of Spain in the pr.
of AHurias, fit, 15 miles S. W, of
Oviedo.
Penon de Velez, W. Ion. 5,
lat. 35. 45. a port town of Baibury,
fit. on the Mediterranean, 80 miles
S. E. of the ftraits of Gibraltar, fub,
to Spain.
Penrise, Wt Ion. 4. 15. lat.
51. 36. a port town of Wales, in
the CO. of Glamorgan, fit. on Briilol
channel, 17 m. S. of Carmarthen.
Penrith, W. Ion. 2. 16. lat.
54. 35. a market town in Cumber-
land, fit. 16 m. S. of Carlifle,
Penryn, W. Ion. 5. 35. lat. 50.
20. a borough town of Cornwall, fit*
near a bay of the Engli/h channel,
50 m. S. W. of Launcefton j fends
two members to parliament.
Pensance, W. Jon. 6, lat. 50.
12. a market town of Cornwall, fit,
8 m. £. of the Land's end, and 65
m. S. W. of Launcefton,
Pensilvania, one of the £ng-
lifh plantations in America, fit. be>
tween 74 and 78 degreei of W,
Ion. and between 39 and 42 degrees
of N. lat. bounded by the 5 nations
of Iroquois on the N. by New Jcr-
fcy and New York on the E. and
by Maryland on the S. and W. be-
ing 200 m. in length, and almoft as
much in breadth, well watered by
the river Dclawar and other naviga-
ble riven ; which bring large ihips
vp into the heart of the pr. Tlie
thief town Philadelphia. It Is a prOi»
prietary government. The heirs of
Penn that notable quaker (who in the
year 1680, obtain'd a grant of it
from the Crown, and planted it) ap.
pointing the governor and council :
and the houfe of reprefentatives are
chofen by the freemen of the pr.
The produce of Penfilvania is gram,
and cattle of all kinds, timber, pnt>
afhes, wax, fkins, and furrs : and
they export to the fugar iflands faltcd
beef, pork, and fifh, horfes and pipe
fiaves J taking in return fugar, rum,
and melafles : from England they
import cloathing and furniture for
their houfes, hardware, tools, end
implements. The firfl planters were
chiefly Qiiakers } but there arc now
churches and congregations of the
eflablifhed church, at Penfilvania
and I'everal other places, whither the
foe let y tor propagation of the gofptl
fcjjd their mifiionaries. Thefe peace-
able people have never had a quar-
rel with the native Indians fincc
they fettled there ; neither have
they had any occafion for quarrels ;
for when they have a mind to extend
their plantation weflward, they pur-
chafe feveral hundred thoufand acres
of them for a very fmall fum. The
few Indians that are there make no
other ufc of the country than to hunt
and kill the game : and the Englilh
planting and (locking the country
with corn and cattle, is rather an
advantage to them than a prejudice,
being in no danger of famine now,
as they frequently were before the
arrival of the Englifh, by not cul-
tivating land enough fur their fub-
fiflance.
Pepus, or Peibus lake, fit.
on the confines of Livonia and Great
Novogorod in Rullia, has a rommu.
nication with the gulph of Finland
and the lake Worfero in the donii*
nions of Rulfia.
Pequigny, E. Ion. 2. 15. Int.
49. SS* > town of France, in the ^i.*.
of Pjcardy, fit. on the river Somme,
15 m. S. £. of Abbeville*
F£«A,
P E
P E
arrcls ;
extend
y pur-
acres
The
.ike no
1 hunt
^nglifh
country
ther an
ejudice,
e now,
ore the
lot cul-
ir fub-
15. Int.
lomme,
Pera, afubuibof Conl^antinople, difciples, who took refuge In thefc
where embafladors and Chriftians ufu- valleys in Piedmont,
ally rcfidc. Perpignan, E. Ion. z. 35. lat,
Percaslaw, or Perejeslaw, 43. a city of Spain in the pr. of Ca.
E. Ion. 31. lat. 50, 30. a city of talcnia, capital of the territory of
Riinta, in the Ukiain, lit, 44. m. Roudillon, fit. on the river Latet, a
S. E. of Kiof. little W. of the Mediterranean, xoo
Per c HZ, a ter. in France, in the m. N. of Barcelona, and 30 m. S.
pr. of Orleanois, bounded by Nor* of Narbonne ; the fee of a biH). and
oiandy on the N. an univ. fubje£l to Fiance ; having
Perga, £. Ion« 21. lat. 39. 20. been conquered and poiTeiied by that
a port town of European Turlcy, in crown, together with the whole ter-
the pr. of Albania, fit. oppofite to ritory of Roullillon, upwards of lOO
the iHand of Corfu*
Pergamus, an ancient city of
the LelTer Afia, in the pr, of Phry-
gi.i, fit. N. of Smyrna.
PcRiGuiux, E. Ion. 25 min.
lat. 45. 15. a city of France in the
years, and confirmed tu Fiance by fc-
veral treaties, fo that it may now well
be deemed a pr. of France.
Per SEES, idolaters in the Eall
Indies, who worHiip the fire. They
removed thither from Perfia, when
pr. of Guienne, capital of the ter. the Mahometans conquered Perfia.
ot Perigord, fit. on the river Lille, It is the greateft crime with them to
55 m. N. E. of Bourdcaux. extinguifh fire of any kind. They
PERNiTA, a pr. in the N.E. part have lamps in their teinpl.s, which,
of European Mofcovy, feparated fiom according to their tradition, have
Afia by the river Oby.
rfRNAMBUCo, a pr. of Brafil,
in America, bounded by the pr, of
i lera on the N. by the Atlantic
1 the E. by the pr, of Sere-
I i.i 1 the S. and by the country
oi iM Tapuyers on the W. being
TOO m, long, and 150 broad, fub. to
Portugal.
Pernes, E. Ion. z. 25. lat. 50.
30. a town of the French Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Artois, fir, 15
burnt many ages. Zoroaflcr the
founder of this fe£l.
Persepolis Ruins, E. Ion,
54. lat, 30. 30. fit, in Perfia, in the
pr. of Eyrac Agem, 50 m. N. E, of
Sihiras, and 200 m. S. E. of Ifpa-
han. Here arc the mofl magnificent
remains of a palate or temple that
are now in being on the face of the
earth ; they lie at the N. E. end of
that fpacious plain where Perfepolis
once ftood, and are generally con-
m. N.W. of Arras, and 15 m, S.E, jeclured to be part of the palace of
of St. Omers.
Peronne, E. Ion. 3. lat, 50.
a city of France, in the pr. of Pitar-
dy, fit. on the river Somme, 23 m.
N. E. of Amiens.
Perousa, E. ion. 7. 20. lat. 44.
50, a town of Italy, in the pr, of
that Darius who was conquered by
Alexander.
Per SH OR I, W. Icn. 2. lat. <2,
10. a market town of Worccfici-
ftiire, fit. 10 n. S. £. of Wor-
ceftcr.
Persia, a kingdom of Afia, is
Piedmont, cap. of one of the valleys fit. between 45 .nnd 67 degrees of E*
of the Vaudois, fit. 12 m. S. W. of
Tiir-n. Thcfe Vaudois were called
W. Kirnfes from Peter Vaud or Wal-
do, a merchant of Lyons, who in the
year 1160 began to expofe the fu<
Ion. and bet.vccn 25 .ind 45 degrees
of N. lat. being 12.00 m. long, and
almolf 12.00 broad, and is bounded
by Circallian I'aitary, the Cafpian
(ea, and the river Oius, which fe*
pcrKition of the Church of Rome, pirates it from Ufljcc lart^ry, on
and having made a great many pro- the N. by Eaft India on the E. by
k-j)tcs, wai baniih'd France with hit the Indian ocean, the gulphs of Or-
D d mm
P E
P E
fous and Boflbra, or PerHa, on the
S. and the Turkifh empire on the
W. The limits on the fide of India,
have lately been extended further
Eaftward, by the late Sophi Shah
Nadir ; who added all the Indian
provinces en the Weft fide of the
river Attoc, or Indus, to the Perfian
empire ; which the Great Mogul
confirmed to him, when he relin-
quilhed his conquefts of the Indian
provinces, which lie E. of the Indus,
anno 1739. O" ^'^^ ^'<^c o^ Turky,
the boundaries cannot be exadlly fix-
ed, for tho' the river Tigris forms
part of the weftern boundary, near
its mouth, the Turks and Perfians
are ftill contending for the provinces
which lie further N. upon that ri-
wer. The air of Perfu is exceflive
hot in the fummer, lying rear the
tropick of Cancer j even the winds
are fo hot for two or three months
every year, that there is no travel-
ling or flirring abroad about nosn ;
feveral have been killed by them.
Thefe winds come from the eaftward
over a vaft tradt of burning fands,
heated like an oven ; but then the
vrind ftiifts, and they arc refie/hed
with cool breezes in the afternoon.
There is very little water in Perfia,
fcarce a river that will carry a boat j
and a traveller does not meet with
water fometimes for feveral days :
but there is no plnce where they
hiiftiand the water better. They
colledl all their little fprings and ri-
vulets, and turning them into one
flream or aquedudl, dlrcdl them to
their towns, and to the fields and
gardens, that are cultivated, forty or
fifty miles frequently. The country
is much incumbered by mountains,
and fome of them exceeding high,
uni generally dry barren rocks with-
out treecs or herbage j but there arc
rnany fruitful valleys, in which their
great towns fbnd } nor can any
country be more fruitful than that
part of Perfia which lies upon the
Cai'pian fca • and in other parts it is
not fo much a defe^ of the foil, ai
.».
the paucity or flothfulnefs of the
modern inhabitants, that renders the
country barren j for there was not
a more plentiful country in the world
formerly, i( we may credit ancient
hiftory. The chief produce is rice,
wheat, and barley : their kitchen
gardens are fupplied with a great
variety of roots and herbs, and they
have no Icfs than twenty feveral
forts of melons, which the common
people make their conflant fdod in
the leafon for them, as well as cu-
cumbers. They have alfo a variety
of grapes, making wine of fome,
and oth'?;s hang upon the vines good
part of the winter j the air being fo
dry that it preferves all kinds of
fruit a great while after they are ripe.
Dates are a moft delicious fruit here,
which being laid on heaps, candy
and prefcrve themfelves without fu-
gar J they have alfo piftachio-nuts,
and trees that produce manna ; nor
do they want many of the fruits of
Europe, Here alfo we meet with
rhubarb, fenna, and abundance of
other medicinal drugs. Thty have a
very fine breed of horfes j but their
camels and dromedaries are the moft
ufeful animals in this fandy country,
for carrying burthens over the dc-
farts J as fome of them will carry
near a thoufand weight, and travel
feveral days without water. They
have alio mules, oxen, buft'aloes, and
afTes for the'r hufbandry j and lar^e
flocks of fhe^-p and goats ; fome of
their fheep having fix or feven horns
a- piece. They are fometimes vifited
with locufts, which deftroy all the
fruits of the earth where they hap-
pen to light. There are a multi-
tude of eagles, hawks, and other
birds of prey, which they teach ta
fly at the game, and even at deer
and wild beafts j and thefe, with the
afliftance of dogs, will take the
fierceft hearts j nothing except the
wild boar can.efcapc their dutche-..
The manufadltures of Perfia, aie
embroidery, efpecially that of geld
and (ilver, cither in cloth, fill<) 0:
leather ;
P E
P E
jits of
t with
hre of
have a
their
moft
untry,
: dc-
carry
travel
They
3, and
leather ; and that which we call
Turky leather, comes chiefly from
hence, through Turky : but filk is
the chief manufafture of the coun-
try J fuch as tafFaties, tabbies, fal-
tins, and filk mixed with cotton, or
camel and goat hair ; brocades and
fold tiHue, and their gold velvet is
admirable : and thofe called Turky
carpets are reaily Perfian. They
make alio camel-hair ftuffis, cara-
ble's, filk and woriVed druggets, and
goat- hair ftuffs.
Their greateft rninifters do not
think the bufinefs of a merchant
beneath them j the King himfelf has
his fadlors and agents in the neigh-
bouring countries, who export lilks,
brocades, carpets, and other rich
goods J but the Armenians and B-i-
naians of India, who refide here,
carry on the mr.'l^ diftant foreign
traffic ; and may be looked upon as
the greatelt merchanrs in the world.
They export raw as well as wrought
filk, in great quantities to India,
Turky, Mofcovy, England, &c.
By the permiiTion of the Czarina the
Engliih Ruflia cfnijiany traded thro'
RuHia down the river Wolga, and
over the Ca'pian lea tn Porfta, where
they barter'd the Bntifli woollen
manofu£tures for the I^erfian filks,
b.t-NCen the years I7|l, and 1746 j
b'.it fome of the company's officers
being about to build fhips on the
Caipian fea for the iik of the Per-
fians, the Crarina piohibited their
tr.iHir to Perfia thro^ h?r dominions,
and that trtide is n.nv fallen into the
hands of the Armenians. Perfia is
an aSfolute monarchv, and the crown
hereditary j but the reigning Prince
tikes the liberty fcmetimes to ap-
point his younger fon to fuccecd .
and whenever the King mounts the
throne, he orders the eyes of all
his relations to be put out, who
miy polTibly b« his rivals. The late
King, Sha Nadir, was the firft of his
family that ever weildcd » fceplcr.
Aiicr a civil vvir of near thirty years
cuntijn>ance,_aiul ti.rre or tour Aic-
ceflive ufurp&tlons, Sha Thomas, tRd
almoft only furviving heir of the laiV
royal family, was fo fortunate as to
defeat all his enemies,^ and was
looked upon to be well "eftabliihed
in his father'^s throne j for which
he was in a great meafure indebted
to the conduA and bravery of his
General Kouli Kan, and in grati-
tude for his fervices, vefled him
with an unlimitted power, both in
the army and the civil adniiniftra-
tion J which the General making
ill ufe of, the K. 'tis faid, had de-
termined to lay him afide, and fome
fuggeft that he only waited for -an
oppoitunity to cut off his head. At
leaft, the general pretended that the
King had a defign againft his lifc^
and thereupon caufed the Sophi ta
be feized and imprifoned, if not
murdered j and foon after ufurped
his throne. After which he aflem-
bled a more nunr.erous army than
Perfia had fcen of late ycais, in-
vaded India, and plundered that
country of immenfe treafures 5 com-
pelled the Great Mogul to yield him
all the provinces W. of the river
Attoc ; after which he made a con-
queft of the Bochara's and Ulbec
Tartary, and enlarged the Peifian
frontiers on the fuie «f Turky ;
but in the midft of his fucceiFes he
was afl'-fllnated by his neareft rela-
tion, and a mukitude of ufurpers
have fuccecded him.
As to the religion of the Perfians^
they were generally Mahometan*
of the fea of Haly ; but Sha Na-
dir being a n.itive of Choraflan in
the North of Perfia, where the fedt of
Omar prevails (being the fame (ci\
that the Turks and the fubjefts of
the Mog'ii are of) he compelled
all the Perfians to declare thcmtclve»
of the fcft of Omar, which many
of the Perfians, aad efpecinjiy their
priefts, oppofing, Sh?. Nadir, tl>e
late Sophi, ordered the Mufti and
feveral more of the priefts to be
hanged ; after which, none of the
Per^ans dared to tntttmur at the
D d ft alte*
P E
P E
alteration. As to the forces of the
Perfians, they were not very nu-
merous till the laft reign j but Sha
Nadir having fuch large conquers
in view, increafed them to upwards
of 100,000 men, whom he main-
tained out of the plunder of his new
CQnquefts, and ealed his Perfian fub.
Je£ls of a great part of their uAial
taxes ; by which means he gained
their hearts : only thofe that op-
pofed his ufurpation were opprefTed j
and the eftates of thefe being con-
fifcated, added to his treafury, and
enabled him to be favourable and
generous to his friends.
Perth, or St. John's town,
W. loo. 3. 10. lat. 56. 25. a town
of Scotland, capital oi the county of
Perth, fit. on the river Tay, 30 m.
North of Edinburgh.
Perthamboy, W. Ion. 74. lat.
40. 45. a port town of New Jerfey,
m North America, fit. on a bay of
the American ocean, at the
muuth
S. W.
Great'
of the river Raritan, 25 m,
of New York, fubjeft to
Britain.
Perthois, a fubdivifion of the
pr. of Champain in France, fit. on
the confines of Lorrain.
Peru, formerly a powerful em-
pire, now a province of Spain in
South Amefica, is fit. between 60
and 81 deg. of W. ion. and between
the Equator and 25 degrees of S. lat.
being near 2000 m. in length, from
N. to S. and from 200 to 500 broad j
bounded by Popayan on the N. by
the mountains of Andes or Cordille-
ra's, which feparate it from the
country of the Amazoni and Para-
guay on the £. by Chili and La Pla-
ta 00. the S. and by the Pacific ocean
on the W. the capital city now is
Lima, formerly Cufco. The land
nest the fea is high : the fierra's
or mountains, beyond which, run
parallel to the former, are Aill high -
cr, and the Andes beyond thefe,
aje the higheft mountains in the
world, "tht land near the lea, is
«. ri
i< t
except fome valleys, into which they
turn the flreams from the hilJs :
the hills beyond, alfo, are generally
barren ; but between the hills are
very extenfive fruitful valleys, yield-
ing almoft all manner of grain and
fruits ; and the weather temperate.
The mountains of the Andes are
cold, being covered with fnow the
greateft part of the year. The fea
which borders on Peru, is called
the South Sea, but more properly
the Pacific Ocean, from the conflanc
ferene weather on this coa(^, from
4 degrees S. lat. to 25* Nor is
there ever any rain en this coai^, or
the fea near it, unlefs within 4 or
5 degrees of the line, where they
have always rain when the fun 13
vertical, as in other parts of the
globe near the line ; on the iierra's
or hills, difiant from the fea fide,
the rains fall when the fun is ver.
tical alfo ; and on the cordelero's or
high mountains fartheft from tlie
fea, it rains or fnows two thirds of
the year. Their vintage is in the
fair feafon, and their vines thrive
beft in thofe valleys near the fea,
where there is little or no rain, and
which are watered by rivulets that
fall from the hills, and are co]le(\e<i
by the bufbandman, and turned into
his fields and gardens. Near the
equator there grow cedars, cotton
trees, cocoes, fugar -canes, palms,
and a great deal of good timber ; but
very few foreft trees in other p;iitj
of Peru. The moft valuable tree
they have, is that which furnidics
them with kinqui'^ia, or Peruvian
bark } and this grows chiefly in the
province of Quitto, on the moun-
taint near the city of Quitto, about
5 degrees S. of the equator, and is
of the fixe of a cherry-tree, be ir ng
a long reddifli flower, from wIudis
arifes a pod with a kernel like an
almond } but the fruit does not lean
to have the like virtues as the bai!( :
they have trei;s alfo, which aBbrd
this kind of bark, in Potufi, in 21
degce{;s S, lat. M,aiz, or Indian ci>rri,
P E
P E
was their principal food, and ©f
this alfo they made drink j but the
Spaniards have introduced wheat and
barley, which thrive very well here ;
and their vineyards, which they
have planted, yield plenty of grapes,
where they can be watered, but the
Country is fo hot and dry that the
foil will produce no grapes where it is
not watered : they have ripe grapes
when they pleafe, where they have
an opportunity of watering them, by
turning rivulets into their grounds j
and they make excellent wines,which
cannot be done in any other country
between the tropics. 1 he Spaniards
have planted almofl ^H tlie fruits
which grow in '^Id r ; and thcfe
thrive very we -ere, p ill as rice,
and the produce of the kitchin-g,ar-
den. A great many excellent balms,
gums and drugs, alfo are found here,
and particularly that called the bal-
fam of Peru. But what the Spa-
niards value this country for moO,
is the prodigious treafures of gold
and lilver they have drawn from
thence for 200 years paft } from
the mountain of PotoA alone, which
lies in az degrees of S. lat, there was
drawn two thouf-'nd millions of
pieces of eight, the firft forty years
they were wrought j there are alfo
rich mines of quickfilver in Peru,
and fome precious ftones j particu-
larly emeralds and turquoifes^ As to
animals, there were not in Peru, or
any part of America, any horfes,
tow?, elephants, camels, alTs,
mules, (heap, or hogs j an-i but one
poor fpecies of cur-dogs, before the
Spaniards arrived j but they have
lincc carried over alh manner of Eu-
ropean animals almo(K v;hidh are
ixceedingly multiplied : but they
had a breed of animals, wiiich the
Datives called pacOs and guanacas,
and the Spaniards Peruvian Iheep,
bccaufe they had fome reftmblancc
•t European fhtff, but iarger, aiid
ufed to carry burdens, having no
•fher beafts of burden j their fleflv
alitf i& very go<Mi ouatr Tbey 1m4
another bcaft called vicunas, which
the Spaniards named goats, becaufe
they were fomething like our goats,
but they have no horns, an<l are
fwiftcr than decrj they had alfo red
and fallow deer, and fome few lions,
bears, and tygers, but neither (cr
large or fo fierce as thofe of Europe }.
and there were great numbers of
monkeys, but they had neither cata
or rats, tho' the laft have multiplied
fo much fince the Spaniards came
over, that they fometimes deftroy
their crops of grain in Peru, as they
do in the ifland of St. Helena j nor
were there any tame fowls or poul-
try here, till they were imported*
They ^^i^ al' manner of wild fowl
alrroft, ... a great variety of birds,,
particularly parrots, and a fowl
called a couder, fo large that they,
meafured 15 or x6 feet with their
wings extended ; thefe would kill
and devour cattle, and fometimea
children of 10 or n years of age j
but there are few of thefc fowls.
The Peruvians were idolaters, and-
wor/hipped the fun chiefly j but
the Spaniards have compelled them,
to turn Chriftians, and prof'efs an-
other kind of idolatry, on pain of the
inquifition j many thoufands of theoi.
were murdered by the Spaniards,
after their arrival, on pretence of
their infidelity, and refufing to fub-
mit tu the Pope or the King of Spain,,
but,, in reality, to become mafters o£
their tr^afure, and ufurp the do-
minion of the country, where to-
this d>y the Spaniards opprefs and'
tyrannize, not only over thofe tii.ic
are defcendcd from the Indians, but
the Cnoli, who are dcfccnded from,
the Spaniards themfelves.
Perugia, E. Ion. 13. iS. lat.
43. a city of Italy, in the Popt's.
tcr. capital of Perugia, fit, 75 m,.
N. of Rome. The lee of a biflicp
and univeifity,
Pi^RusA.. See PiRcusAv
PfSARO, E, Ion, 14. lat. 44.
a city of Italy, in the Pipe's ter. and'
ft, of Urbiiio, I'u, on thagulph of
P E
P E
Venice, at the mouth of the river
Foglia, 15 m. N, £. of Uibino city.
Pescara, E. Ion. 15. 25. iau
42. 30. a port town of Italy, in the
K. of Naples, and pr. of Abruzzo,
fit. on the gulph of Venice, 90 m.
N. of Naples.
Peschiera, E. Ion. iz. lat. 45.
35. a town of Italy, in the ter. of
Venice, and pr. of Verona, fit. at
the S. end of the lake de Garda, on
the river Mincio, z8 m. W. of Ve-
rona.
Pest, £. Ion. 19. 15. lat. 47.
4a. a city of Upper Hungary, (it.
on the river Danube, oppofite to
Buda, 80 m. S. E. of Prefburg.
Peterborough, W. long. 15
min. lat. 5a, 33. a city of North-
amptonfhire, fit, on 'the river Nen,
34 m. N. E. of Northampton, iS
m. N. of Huntington, and 72 m. N.
E. of London j fends two members
to parliament.
Petersburg, E. Ion. 37, lat.
€0. the capital city of RuiTia, fit.
on both fides the river Nieva, in the
provinces of Carelia and Ingria, be-
tween the gulph of Finland and the
lake Ladoga. There are feveral
fmail iilands alfo in the mouth of
the river Nieva, built upon, and
make part of the city j fo that it is
of a very large extent, and appears
like feveral difiinitt towns, rather
than a fingle city. Tlicre were no
lefs than 60,000 houfcs built within
3 or 4 years after the foundation
was laid $ which was in the year
1703, It ftands very low, and is
cxpul'ed to inundations; by which
part of the fortifications were wnlhcd
away before they were well finished.
The breadth of the river at Peterf-
burg is about half a mile, and as it
is very deep and rapid, the building
a bridge over it was held imprndlica-
fc!e ; whereupon it was piopofed to
the late Czar, Peter the Great, to
make a bridge of pontons, or boats,
but he would not confent to it, be
iaid, bccaulie his intention was to
hictd up as many watermen a« he
^ 1
could, and thefe he prohibited the
u;e of oars, that they might learn
to manage hils ; but thefe boatmen
being ignorant peafants, many peu«
pie were overi'et and drowned, in
pafling from one part of the town to
the other at firft. The nobility and
people of diftin<Slion were obliged -to
build grand houfes here, but the
generality were timber houfes, till
they begun to burn bricks at Peterf*
burg ; and now the town appears
with a much better £ice than h did
at firi>. The fands at the moutk
of the river, prevent fliips coming
up to it, and therefore they arc ob«
liged to take in their loading 4 or 5
miles lower. It may feem ftrangt
that Peter the Great (hould fix upon
this place to build hit capital city^
it lying in a barren country, and fo
far to the N. that they Icarce enjcy
the light of the fun in winter ; but
it was in order to have a coanmunica.
tioR with the Baltic fea, and that
his fubjeds might traffic with the
reft of the nations of Europe ; for
as yet there was no fea that touched
upon the territories of Ruflia, but
that of Archangel, to which flip-
ping was obliged to pafs thro' the
frozen ocean. It was with the
gveateft difficulty that the Czur cow
paOed this grand defign, his people
Shewing the utmoft averfion to re-
moving to this cold, barren coun-
try, as he commanded them, frcm
all parts of his dominions, and fuch
cabs were laid in his way by Im
nobility and officers, that it was
thought impofl!ible he fhculd cftVd
his defign. There were neither luf-
ficient tools or provifions proviilcd
for the workmen, who fuffercd all
manner of hardfhips, infomuch ihjt
'tis computed no lefs than ioo,coo
people peri/hed in laying the founda-
tion and building this metropoiis.
However all diHiculties were at length
overcome, and it is now one of the
largeft and moft populous cities m
the world. The Czar eftabhrtifd
kere an academy marioe, to which
P E
P F
he obliged every confiderable family
in his eiTipire to fend one of their
fens or rclatiuns to be inftruclcd in
navigation ; here alfo they learnt the
dead languages, were taught to ride
and fence, and other exerciles. He
fet up woollen and linnen manu-
failures, had paper-mills, powder-
mills, laboratories for gunnery and
fire#works, places for preparing falt-
pctre and brimftone ; he ereded
yards fur making cables ai\d tackling
tor his navy, and a Coundery, ,whece
they arc; perpetually cafling {,reat
guns, mortars, and fmali arms J the
country fomiCjing him with vaft
quantities .pf'ii;ofi-ore. yV printiog-
houfe alio was (et Aup, to encourage
his fubj«£ta xo enquire .into the Rate
of the v;<>rld,.t^and he (ent many of
them to, foreign countries, to Jeain
mechanic grts^ giving gire^-epcoM-
ragement to- forpigners ;lo coma -^
Pcteriburgandinflru^ his people in
every fcience j plays, operas, -and
■lulic meetings were alfo iijtroducrd,
in a country where none of thefe
arts or diveiiions were feen tiU the
icign of Petex the Creat.
Petersfield, W. Ion. %. 5.
lat. 5i« 5. a borough town of flamp-
ftire, fit, J 5 m. S. E. of Winchefter j
elfdls two members to ptriiamenr,
, Petershagen, £. ion. S. 40.
lat. 52. 30. a town of Germany^
in the cir, of Weftphalia, and D, of
Mindcn, fit. on the river Wefcr, 37
m. W. of Hanover j fub. to the K.
of Pruflia.
Petkrwaradin, E. Ion. 20,
lat. 45. zo. a fortified town of Scla-
vonia, fir. on the river Danube, 35
m. N. W, of Belgrade, and nov/
one of the ftrongelt frontier towns
againft I'urky ) lub. to the houfe of
Aullria.
Petherton, W. Ion. 3. lat.
51. 10. a market town of Son»erlet-
fliire, fit. 16 m.S.W. of Wells.
Peticliano, £. Ion. iz. 45.
lat. 42. 45. a town of I aly, in the
D. of Tufcany, and ter. of the Sien*
Aou, ikX, 50 m. S. of JSicnoa,
Petitguavis, W.lon.76. laf,
18.5. a port town of Hifpanioja, in
the Atlantic, cr American ocean, fit.
on a bay at the W. end oi the ifland,
200 m. W. of St. Domingo, and up-
watds of aoo m. E. of Port Royal,
in Jamaica j fub, to France.
Petrikow, E. Ion. 19. lat. 51,
40. a town of Great Poland, in the
pal. of Siradia, fir. go m. S. W, of
Warfaw.
Petrj^ia, E. Ion. 17. lat, 46,
a town of Croatia, fit. 40 m. £. of
Carllladt ; fub. to the houfe of Au.
^ria.
Pettaw, E. Ion. 16. 8. lat. 47.
a citjy of Germany, in the cir. of
Aulhia, and D. of Stiria, fit. on the
river Drave, 30 m. S. E. of Gratz j
fub. to the ht>ufe of Audria.
PuTTipoLi, E. Ion. 80. lat. i6t
45. 8 port town on the coaft of Chor-
mandel, in the Hither India, wheie
the Dutch have a faftory,
PfiT wr OR T H, W. Icn. 44 min. lat.
51. a town of SuHex, fit. 10 m. N.B.
of Chichtfter, where the D. of So-
zncrfet has a magnificent palace.
PiYsus, or Pejvs Lake, in
Livonia, fit. between the gulph of
Finland au) the lake Wutfero, with
both which it has a communication
by rivers, being 40 m. long, and ato
broad.
i^ Pez SNA 5, E. ion. 3. 11, lat.
43. 30. a town of France, in the
pr. of Langucdoc, fit. 30 in. S. W,
of M(.)ntpeUer,
PrALTSBORG, E. lon, 7. ao.
lat. 4S. 40. a town cf Germany, in
the L). uf Loriaio, fit. 50 m. £. of
Nancy.
PyiRT, or FoRETTi, E. Ion,
7, 20. lat. 47. 35. a town of Ger-
many, in the Upper Alface, fir. i-o
m. W. uf Bafil, and Z5 m. S« of
Col mar. ,. . t
PkOUTSHEiM, E. Ion. 8. 32.
lat. 48. 55. a city of Germany, in
the cir. of Suabia and ter. offiades,
fit. 28 m. S. VV. of Hailbron.
Pharos, £. lon. 31. 15. lat.
^o. 40, 'iiiaijiU iA^4 la the Mi:di •
tc.raoeoB^
P H
P H
ttrranean, oppofite to the city of
Alexandria, in Egypt j which, with
the continent, forms a fpacious har-
bour, being about half a mile diflant
from the city, with which it has a
communicatiun by a (lone caufeway.
On this ifland was eretted a moft
magnificent tower, efteemcd one of
the wonders of the world ; on the
top whereof were numerous lights
for the direction of mariners, which
tower from the iOand it ftood upon
obtained the name of the Pharos,
and a great many other towers erect-
ed for the like purpofe, have ob»
tained the name nf Pharos, particu-
larly thofe of Rhodes and MeHina
in Sicily.
Pharsalus, £. Ion. 23. lat. 39.
ft town of TheiTaly anciently, fit. in
European Turky, a little S. of La<
rjn!*a, in the plains whereof, it is fup-
pofed, that deciAve battle was fought
between Caefar and Pompey, from
hence called the battle of Pharfalia j
but geographers are not agreed in the
£tuation of this town.
Pheasants Isle, W, Jon. i,
20. lat. 43. zo. a little idand in the
tiver Bidalfoa, which divtdes France
and Spain, fit. near St. John Pied
de Port, 16 m. S. of Bayonne. Here
the treaty between Fiance and Spain
was made, anno 1659, which from
the neighbourhood of the Pyrene<^-
mountains, was called the Pyrenean
treaty ; and here feveral other trea-
ties between thofe two crowns have
been made. This iOand being chofen
on rhcfe occafion? as a neutral placs,
to which neither King can claim a
right. ••
PiiENiciA, a fub-divifion or pr.
of Syria^ iit. on the Levant, or eaft-
crn part of the Mediterranean fea,
on the confines of Paleftine, and fume
make it a part of Palcftinc. Tyre
and Sidon were fituatc in this coun-
try, and were the firft maritima pow-
ers that we read of either in facred or
profane hiftory. They planted co-
Idhies both in Spain and Africa, be-
yond Hercdcs ^iius, or tiie ttraut
of Gibraltar j and they founded tlie
Carthaginian iiaic.
Philadelphia, E. Ion. 29. Jat,
38. an ancient town of the Lefler
Aiia, fit. 40 m. £. of Smyrna, no«v
in ruins.
Philadelphia, W. Ion. 74,
lat. 40. 50. the capital city of the
pr. of Penfilvania, in N, America,
one (it the Britifli colonies, lit, 70
m. W. of New-Vork, upon the ri-
vers Delawar and Schoolkill j being
a moil beautiful plan of a town. It
is an oblong of two miles extending
from the river Delawar to the rivsr
Schoolkill, with a front to each ri-
ver, and each front a mile in length.
Every houfe having a large court or
garden before it, and in the centi«
of the town is a fquare of 10 acres.
The high-ftreet, which- runs the
whole length of the town, is 100 fejt
broad, par-allel to which run 8 itrcets,
which are croifcd by ao more at
right- angles, and feveral canals arc
let into the town from the rivers.
And there is a fine Quay, to which
fliips of 4 or 500 tons may come
up, and there are about 14 or 1500
houfes already built, but there wants
a great many more to finifh the plan.
The greateft part of the inhabitants
are quaker^, tho' there are niar>y
alfo of the church of England, who
^ave two churches here. See Pen-
six van i a.
Philip Port, a fortrefs in
Dutch Brabant, fit, on the E. fvle of
the Scheld, oppofite to Pearl fort,
5 m. N. W. of Antwerp, whereby
the Dutch command the navigation
of the river Scheld,
Philips Norton, W. Ion. a.
28, lat. 51, 22. a market town of
Somerfetihire, fit. 5 m. S. of Bath,
PiULipPi, E. Ion. 25. lat. 41.
an ancient town of Macedonia, a pr.
of European Turky, fit. 15 m. N. of
the gulph of Contelfa, in the plains
whereof Brutus and Caflius wue de-
feated by Augufius Ca:far«
Philippine Islands, fit. la
(lie Poci&c uccan, ia Alia, between
P H
P I
114 and Jji deg. of E. Ion. znd bc-
vween 5 and 19 dcg* of N. lat. 300
m. S. E. of Ch.nj, and a very little
N. E. of the ifiand of Borneo.
There are great nuntibers of tbeM,
and fome very large, that of Luco-
nia or Manila is upwards of 400 m.
in length, and 200 in breadth :
moft of them fub. to Spain. See
i,ucoMA and Mindanao.
Fhilippopoli, E. lon.2§. lat.
42. 20. a city of European Turky,
in the pr. of Romania, fit. op the
river Mariza, aoo m. N. W. of
Conftantinople, and 140 m. S. £. of
NiHa. It is inhabited chiefly by
Greek Chriftians, and is one of their
archb. Here they /hew a chapel, in
which, according to tradition, St,
Paul preach'd to the Phihppians.
Philipsbvkgh, £. Ion. 8. 16.
lat. 49. 8. a city of Germany in the
pal. of the Rhine, fit. on the £. bank
of the river Rhine, 16 m, S. W. of
Heideiburg. This town, tho' fit,
in a morafs, and ftrongly fortified,
has been as often taken and retaken
by the French and Germans as any
town on their f-ontiers : the lail
time the Frevuh took it was in the
year 1734 : at which fiege their ge-
neral, the D. of Berwick was kill'd
by a cannct fhot ; hut the town was
reftor'd to the Germans again, by a
peace betwten France and ihe Em-
pire, the following year,
Philipstat, E. Ion. 14, Jat.
59. 50. a town of Sweden in the
pr. of Gothland, ard ter. of Werme-
iand, fit. 120 m, W. of Stockholm.
Fhilii'ville, E. long. 4. 25.
lat. 50, 12. a town of the French
Netherlands, in the pr. of Hainalt,
fit. 22 m. S. W. of Namur.
Phocea, a city of OeolJs, on
the weft coaft of the Leffer Afia^
anciently fo called, Phocis was' alfo
afubdivifion of Achaia, in the an-
cient Greece, now part of Livadia
in European Turky.
Phrvgia major, and Phry-
GiA MINOR, two provinces an-
ciently of the UefTer Afia, now a
pait of Afiatic Turky, Lavi;ig tiie
Hellefpont on the N, and the pr. of
Lidia en the S. and the Archipelago
on the VV. Whereof the chief town
I'ergamus, once a fine city, is novr in
luins,
PiAC£NZA, or Placentia,
E. Ion. 10. 25. lat. 45. a city of
Italy in tlie D. of Parnia, fir. 30 w,
N, W. of Parma, about half a m. S.
of the river Po, in a fruitful plain
well water'd with rivulets. The
town being upwards of 3 w. in cir-
cumference, fo'tified and defended
by a citadel. The fee of n bifh, and
fub. to the Duke of Parma,
Pxanosa, E. Ion. 11, lat, 42.
^6. an ifland of Italy in the Tufcan
fta, fit. a little S. W. of the ifle of
Elba, fub. to Tufcany,
PiAVA, a river of Italy, whith
rifes in Tyrol, and runs from N, to
S. thro' the ter. of Venice, falling
into the gulph by two mouths, a
little to the northward of the city of
Venice.
PicA«DY, a pr. of France, is
bounded by the French Netherlands
and the firaits of Dover, on the N.
and t. by the ifle of France on the
S. and by theE. channel, and the
pr. of Normandy on the W, lyir»g
in the form of a bended arm, about
150 m. long, and from 20 to 40
broad, generally a plain open coun-
try without woods or mountains,
producing good corn, pafture, and
fr lits, but no wine ; and they have
a confiderable woollen manufafture
in feveral of their towns, of which
Amiens is the capital.
PlCIGHITONE, E. Ion. to. 12.
lat. 45. 10, a town of Italy, in the
D. of Milan, fit. a little N. of the
river Po, 35 m. S, E, of Milan.
Pickering, W, Ion. 32 min,
lat. 54.20. a market town of York-
ihire, fiv. 22 m. N. E. of York.
i'lco, W. Ion. 20. lat. 39. one
of the ifi.'inds of tlie Azores, fir. in
the Atlantic ocean, between Europe
and America, Tub. to Poringul.
.I'icTS WALL, of v\hit:h there
are rtilljbme remains, began at the
entrance of Solw ay frith in Com-
• bcriandy
I
1
p I
p I
Wrland, and running N. E, pafs'd
by Carlille, continuing to run N.. E.
to the river Tynp in Northumber-
land, and from thence p-'iing Nca'-
caftle, ended at the German ocean.
Pied de port, St. John,
W. Ion. I. 20. Jar:. 43, i^. a town
cif i'rancc in the pr. of Gafcony, at
the foot of the Pyrenees, fir. 16 m.
S. of Bayonne.
Piedmont, a principality in
Italy, fo called from its lying at the
foot of the Alps, is bounded by Sa-
voy, from which it is feparated by
the Alps on the N. by the duchies of
Milan and Montferrat on the E, by
the tcr. of Genoa; and the county of
Nice, on the S. and by France on
the W. from which it is feparated by
the river Var and the Alps, being
about 100 m. long and 70 broad.
There is not a more defirable cli-
mate, or a more pleafant and fruit-
ful province in Italy than Piedmont,
abounding in corn, rice, wine,
fruitp, cattle, filk, hemp, flax :
the Eogli/h alone have taken oft' the
value of 200,000 1. of their raw iilk
annually, for feveral years. No
country of its dimenfions. yields the
fovereign fo great a revenue as this j
but their crops are fometimes de-
flroy'd by florms of hail, call'd the
of Piedmont. And there is
greater misfortune attends
and that is, their lying on
the frontiers of fuch ambitious arwl
rertlefs neighbours as the French,
who have often attempted the con-
qwtd of it, and ravaged the coun-
try in the late wars. In the reign
of Queen Anne, the Fiench took
every town in the country, and
were upon the point of making
themfelves mafters of Turin,, when
it was reliev'd by the late Duke
of Savoy and Prince Eugene, after
the battle of Turin, anno 1706, and
the French were obliged to abandon
Piedmont again. This country is
fub. to the K»of Sardinia, Ion of the
late D, of Savov» who is ablolute
in his dominions, confiAing of the
jUiAi of Sardinia, Piednaoat, Mont-
pKigue
dill a
them.
ferrat, and 3avcy, the counfFe-? of
Nice, Tende, a jd B'jglio or Bar!,
and the pr. of Oncglia, the Alexin-
drin, Vigevano, and Lomelin, Tiie
adminiftration of, the government in
thcfe fM-ovinces is committed to a
council of ftate, a council of finances,
and other boards ; but ail fub. to the
controul of his majefty.
PiENZA, E. Ion. I?, I", lat. 4^,
I c, a town of Italy in the D. of Tof-
cany, and ter. of Sienna, fit. 28 m,
S. £. of Sienna.
Pierre de Montier (ST.)a
town of France, in the pr. of Orleans
and ter. of Nivernois, fit. 10 m. S.
of Nevers.
PlEVE DE CUDCRE, Or CoN.
CORE, E. Ion. 12. 30. lat. 46. 40.
a town of Italy, in the ter. of Ve.
nice, capital of the pr. of Cadorin,
fit. 55 m. Ni of Venice.
PiGNEROL, E. Ion. 7. 15. lat,
44. 45. a town of Italy in the pr,
of t'icdmont, fit. en the river Chi-
zon, TO m. S. W. of Turin, one
of the ftronged fortrefles the K. of
Sardinia is madcr of.
I'lLAw, E, Ion. 20. lat, 54.45,
a port town of Poland in the ter. of
Ducal Prufiia, fit. on the Bui ic fea
10 m. W. of Koningfburg, fub, to
the K. of Pruflia".
PiLSEN, or BiLSEN, E, \on,
13. 16. lat, 49. 42. a city of Bohe-
mia, fir. on the river Catburs, 40
m» S. W. of Prague, fuhjcft to the
houfe of Auftria.
PiLzow, E. Ion. 20. 30. lat,
50» 30. a town of Little Poland, in
the pal. of Sandomir, fit, 42 miles
N. E. of Crsjcow.
Pines island, W. long. 80.
lat. 9, a fmail iOand on the N. cua^
ofDarien, or Terra Firma, in Ame*
rica, fit. lao miles Eaft of Forto.
Bello, which with tvv^ other fmall
ifiands and the main, form a good
harbour, i n-
PiNHEL, or PiNTEL, W. loDv
7. r;. lat. 40. 50. a town of Por-
tugal, in the pr. of Tralos Montej,
fit. on the river Coa, 30 m. N. W.
o£ Cividad Rodrigo.
PlKME-
iica, fit. in tl
p I
P L
^ 54- 45-
le ter. of
.il ic fea
fub. to
E. Ion.
)f Bohe.
^urs, 40
to the
1 30. lar,
\\zni, in
1.2 miles
ing. So.
iN.coaa
In Ame*
Forto.
it fmall
a good
lorh
)f Por-
Vlontej,
N, W.
PlNNEBORG, £. Ion. 9. 22. lat.
C4, 10. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Lower Saxony> and D, of Hol-
llcin, fit. 10 m. N« of Hamburgh.
PioMBioNo, £. Ion. II. 30. lat.
^3. a city and port town of Italy,
in the D. of Tufcany, fiU on a bay
of the Tufcan fea, 30 m. S« of Leg-
born.
Pjperno, £. Ion. 14. lat. 41.
30. a town of Italy, in the Pope's
tcr. and Campania of Rome, fit. 50
m. S. E, of Kome, in the road to
Naples.
PiFLEY, £. Ion. 86. lat. 2i« a
port town of India, in Afia, fit. on
the W. Tide of the bay of Bencal,
a little E. of the port of Balilore,
v\here the French and Dutch have
fadories. - ■
PiQuiGNi, E, Ion. 2. 15. lat.
^(). 55. a town of France, in the pr.
oi Picardy, fit. on the river Somme,
7 m. Ei of Amiens.
PiRANO, E. Ion. 14. 6. lat. 45.
4c. a port town of l<hia, in the
ter. of Venice, lit. on a bay of the
juiph of Venice, 10 m. S. of Cabo
«lc IHria.
PiRiTZjE. Ion. 15. 5. lat. 53, 6,^
3 town of Germany, in the cir. of
Upper Sjxcny, and D. of Pomerania,
fit. 15 m. S. of Stetin.
Pisa, E.lon. 11. 15. lat. 43. 36.
a city of Italy, in the D. of Tu cany,
fit. on the river Arno, 4 m, E. of
the fea, 10 m. N . of Leghorn, and
40 m. W, of Florence j an archb.
^nd unlv.
PiscA, W. Ion. 76. S. lat, 14.
a port town of Peru in South Ame-
iica, fit. in the pr. of Lima, 140 m.
S. of that city. Here it. Blade the
gieateft quantity of wine in Peru,
which is exported to the reft of the
Spanifh cwlonies.
PlSCATAWAY, W. lo-!. 7O. lat.
4.3, 35. a harbour of New Hampfhire
in America, one of the Britifli colo-
nes, 70 m. N. of Bofton j and in
fome maps the pr. of New Hamp-
ihire is called Pilcataway.
PisTojA, E. Ion, II. 45. lat.
43. 50. a city of iuly> hi the D. of
Tufcany, fit. ao m. N. "Vf. of
Florence.
Pit HA, E. Ion. zo. lat. 64. .^5,
a port town of Sweden, capital of the
pr. of Pitha Lapn)ark, fir. on the
W. fide of the Bothnic gulph, So m*
S.W.of Torne.
PiTTENWEEM, W. lon. 2. 25.
lat. 56. 12. a port town of Scotland,
in the CO. of Fife, fit. at the entrance
of tlie frith of Forth, 23 m. N. E.
of Edinburgh.
Placentia, W. lon. 6. lat. 39.
45. a city of Spain, in the pr. of
Eftremadura, fit. go m, S. W. of
Madrid.
Pl a CENT I A, W. Ion. 2. 20.
bt. 43. 30. a town of Spain, in the
prin« of Bifcay and pr. of Gi^ipufcuaf
fit. 40 m. E. of Bilboa.
Placf.ntia, W. lon. 56. lat,
48. a port town of Nc -vfoundland,
in America, fit. on a bay on the
S. E. part of the iflanci, 40 m. W,
of St, John's, and - wO E. ci the
ifland of Cape Breton j fub. t , "in-
gland.
Placentia in ^^ih. See Pi-
AC£NZA«
Plasendal, a fortiefs of the
Auflrian Netherlands, in the pr. of
Flanders, fit. 3 m. S. E. of Oftend.
Plata, W. lon. 81. S. lat. 1.
a fmall ifland in the Pacific ocean,
near the coafl of Pirvj, and pr. of
Quitto, in S. America, fit. 200 in*
W«-ef Quitto, fub. to Spain,
Pla r A, W. lon. 66. 30, S. lat,
22. 30. a city of Peru, in South A-
merica, capital of the pr. of La Plata
or Parap'ua, 100 m, E, of Poiofi.
Pla ' A> a great river of Peru,
which rilUig in the pr. of La Plata,
rims S. E. till it joins the river Pa..
ragun ; after which the united ftreatn
bears the name of Plata till it dif-
charges itfelf into the Atlantic ocean
below the city of Bui-nos Ayrcs. i
Plata Province. See Para-
guay.
Plat A A, £. Ion. 24. lat. 38.
an ancient town cf Achaia now Li-
vadia, fituated between Athens and
Thebes, rendered jcc norable by the
J victory
P L
P O
tI£lory obtained by Paufanias, the
Lacedemonian general, with & very
fmail force, oter a numerous army
of i'erfuns coaimanded by Mardo-
nius, wh ch finiHicd the ruiii of that
arnay with which Xcixes had invaded
GreecjC.
Plawen, E. Ion. IX. 5, lat. 50.
35. a city of Germany, in the cir.
ot Uppei Saxony, and ter. of Voigc*
land, fit. on the river Elder, 60 m.
S. W. of Drefden.
Pljcskow, E. Ion. z8. 30. lat.
57. 20. a city of Ruflia, capital of
the pr. of Plufkow, fit. at the S. end
of the lake Worfcio, 130 ai. E. of
Rica.
Plesse, E. Ion. x8. 16. lat. 50.
a town of Bohemia, in the D. of
Silefia, fit. on the river Viftula, on
the confines of Poland, 35 m. £.
of Troppaw ^ fob. to the houfe of
Au/^ria,
Hlimouth, W. Ion. 4. 17. Int.
50, 16. a port town pf Devon, fit,
40 m, S. W. of Exetee ; a ftation for
the building and layiiig up /hips of
war belonging ro the royal navy, and
well (ecuicd from enemies by its for-
rifirations towards the Tea and land j
fcjjds two members to parliament.
Fi.iMOUTH, W. Ion. 71. lat. 41.
^5. a pott town of New England,
in N. America, capital of the coun-
ty of Fiimouth, and fit. on the S.
end of a bay of the fame name j be-
ing tlic fiifl town the Englifh built in
New England, and once the capital
of a diiiindl colony, but now united
with the Mairachufets.
Plimton, W. Ion. 4. »o. lat.
50. 15. a borough town of Devon,
iit. near the Engli(h channel, 36 m.
S. W. of Exeter ; fends two mem-
bers to parliament.
Pi,ocs>:ow, E. Ion. ao. lat. 53.
a city of Poland, capital of the pal.
of !'loc/kcw, fit, on the Viftula, 50
m. N. VV. c( Wurfaw.
I'l.or.N, £. Ion. 10. lit. 54. 40.
a city of Germany, in the cir. of
Lower Saxony, and D. of Hollkin,
&t. between two lakcs^ 14 m, N. W,
of Lubeck; fub. to the houfe of
Holilein.
Plud«nt», F. Ion. 10. Jat, 47.
a town of Germany, in the cir, of
Auftria, and co, of Tyrol, fit. 65 «,
W. of Infpruc.
Po, a great river of Italy, rifes in
the Alps, which divide France t'um
Italy, and running fir A £. foon' after
turns dire^y N. and vifits Turin,
the capital of Piedmont, where it
receives the river Doria, and centi.
nuing its courfe N. to Chivazzo,
then turns £. again, pafling through
the ter. of Piedmont, Milan, Mont.
ferrat, Parma, Mantua, Ferrara, anj
Venice, difcharging itfelf into the
gulph of Venice by feveral channels,
all which carry the name of Po, aj
well as fome other ftreams which
tun parallel to them. The Po re-
ceives in its courfe the two riven
Dofia, the Lcfl'er Tanaro, Oglio,
Adda, and Mincio, and paiTes by tl.s
towns of Verue, Cafal, Valenzj, i',a.
centia, .ind L'remuna.
Po c K L I N G T ON , W . Ion. 40 oiin.
lat. 53. 50. a market town in the
E. r;ding of Yorkfliirc, fit. jz jr,
S. E. ot York.
PODENSTEIN, E. lon. II. 3;,
lat. ^9. 50. a town of Germany, m
the cir. of Franconia, lit. 30 m.
S. E. of Bamberg.
PoDOLiA, a province of PoJani:.
bounded by Voihinia and the RuiLan
Ukrain on the N. and N. E. by Bu^..
siac Tartary on the S. E. by tlit
river Niefter, which lepaiates it from
Beifarabia and Moldavia in Euioutaa
Turky, on the S. W. and i)y ilic pr,
of Red RiilVia on the N.W.
Pocnio Imperial, £. lon. 12.
15. lat, 43. 20. a city of iu!y, m
the D. of Tulcany, fit. 16 ni. b. ut
Florence.
Poic TIERS, E. Ion. 15 min. Ui
46. 40. the capital city ut IViC) u
in France, bcng one ot the iir^vi
cities in the Kingdom, fit* on m
eminence, near the little river Cbm,
70 m. K. E. of Roclie!le. Ni'«
this cily Edward the Black Fur. v.
P o
houfe of
o. iaC. 47.
the cir. cf
, fit. 65 n,
i!y, rifes in
Tance from
. loon' after
ifits Turin,
r, where it
and ccnti.
I Chivazzo,
ing thiou^h
ilan, Mont.
Perrara, anj
ilf into tht
ral channels,
ic of Po, at
earns which
The To re.
! two rivet!
laro, Oglio,
pafTcs by tl.2
f^alenza,l'ia.
lon.40inin.
town in the
At. iz jn,
[on. 11. 3^.
ermany, in
fit. 30 m.
of Polarn:.
the Rullian
|. E. by Bul.
i. E. by the
liiates it frvm
in Euiopean
id l)y the pr.
W.
I, E. Ion. II.
of luiV) in
16 n». b.ct
15 min. li!.
It the lar^c't
h\, on J"
rivei Cbin,
Delie. Nc«
fo« of Edward III. King oC England,
(Obtained a decifive v'flory over the
French, and took John, King of
France, and his fon Philip, prifoners,
and brought them over to England.
PoiCToiJ, a ter. of France, in
the pr. of Orleanois, fit. S. of the
river Loire, being bounded by the
provinces of Anjou and Britany on
the N. by Touraine and Berry on
the E< by Sintoign, Angoumois, and
Aunis, on the S. and by the ocean
on the W. beiflg 150 m. long, and
70 broad ; a fruitful country, very
little incumber'd with mountains
or woods. It was part of the an.
cient Kingdom of Aquitain. Henry
of Anj«u, afterwards Henry II. King
of Efigbnd, marrying the heirefs
of this Duchy, and of Guienne and
Gafcony, thefe provinces were all
annexed to the crown of England,
and enjoyed by that Prince and his
fuccciTors till the unfortunate reign
f," He.nry VI.
P'liRiNO, or PovERiNo,E. lon.
7. -,6. lit. 44. 45. a town of Italy,
III the pr. of Piedmont, fit, 15 m.
S. E. of Turin.
I'oLA, E. lon. 14. 35. laf. 45. a
fort town of lilri.i, in the ter. of
Venire, fit. at the S. point of tlie
prninluli of I(^ru, 90 m. S. E. of
Vcnitc.
PoLACHiA, a pr. fit. in the mid-
dle of Poland, upon the river Bug,
having iha pr. of i'olcfia en the E.
and S. and MalFovia, or Warfovia,
on the W.
Poland kingdom, is fit. be-
tween 16 and 34 degrees of E. lon.
and between 46 and 57 degrees of N,
lat. b.Mng bounded by the Baltic fcj,
hivonia, and Rufiia, on the N. by
Kulha nnd Budziac Taitary on the
H. by Beirarabia, Moldavia, Tranfil-
vania, and Hungary, on the S. (fc-
pratcd from Tranfilvania and Hun-
gary by the C.^rpithi.in mountiiins)
and bounded by P.imerania, Bran-
denburg, and S.lcfia, on the W. be-
ing almoft f()uare, and 700 m. over
(iiha way. It u a flat level cuua-
P O
try, well watered by lakes and rivef9»
an exceeding fruitful foil, abounding
in wheat and rye, with which the
Dutch load fome hundreds of /hips
every year, to diftribute to fuch
countries as happen to have a fcarcity
of corn. They have aUb rich mea-
dows and paftures, which feed vaft
f!ock9 and herds of cattle, with which
they fupply Germany j and they
have an excellent breed of horfes.
There are mines of filv«r, lead y iron,
and copper alfo, in feveral parts of
Poland ; but they make more advan-
tage of their fait mines than of any
of the reft ; the country alTo pro-
duces flax, hemp, and furs, and they
have manufactures of linnen and lea«
ther, which they export, as weU at
m^fts and yards, and naval ftorcs,
taking in return cloth, filks, ta-
peftry, wrought plate, wines, fpices,
herrings and other falted fift, tin,
and fruits j but the huiance of trade
is very much ajainft them, and they
have very few fljips or port tv>wns
befides Danteie. Their conrtitutiou
is a mixed monarchy, in which the
people feem to have the grcatcft fliare
of the government, which makes it
frequently called a Republic. The
King is ele<^d by the wlxtle body of
the gentry, who put what coali-
tions on their Prince they fee fit,
before they crown him, which he
takes an oath to obfcrve, and this is
called the Pada conventa j nor can
the King raife forces without the
concurrence of the gentry, who are
in reality petty fovereigns in their
own eftates j and the Crown Gene-
rat, as he is called, wtl) obey oo
commands but thofe of the dut, or
alTembly of the ftatts j and every
Palatine, or officer, will take the li-
berty to return home out of the fie. J
when he fees fit, let the t«nre(jiicjice
be what it will. The K r»g is at no
txpence in keeping armifs no fuot,
or maintaining the officers of ft.itc,
thttfe arc all mdintaincd by the Rr-
puSlic, and accountable to if, iY^*
nominated by the King, with this
£ e lim:-
P o
P o
limi ration however, that he can pre-
fer none but gentlemen, and thofc
natives of the province where they
are to a€V, and not related to his
Majefty ; nor can any one be deprived
ef his office, but by the unanimous
conient of the diet. The King's re-
venues are 140,000 1, per annum,
which, with his paternal eAate, and
what he makes by difpofing of places,
is an ample revenue, as all the
charges of the adminiihation are
borne by the Republic, as well as
the expenccs of the Queen confort's
court. The fenate confifts of the
BiAiops, Palatines, Cailellans, and
ten great officers of" the crown, who
are confulted by the King in all af^s
of fVate. The grand diet of Poland
ConfiHs of the King, the fenate, and
deputies or reprefentatives of the
gentry of every palatinate or county,
who ought, by their conftitution, to
aGemble once in three years, and
their feffion continue fix weeks, and
no longer ; and in this diet the Irgif.
lative power is lodged. Every pro-
vince alfo has its particular or pro-
vincial diet, which makes laws fur
the rcfpeftive provinces j fo that Po^-
land is rather a great many united
and confederated Aates, than one
Kingdom. There are alfo fome free
flati-s and indepcndant cities and pro-
vinces, who are governed by their
rcfpeflive I'rinccs and magiilrates j
as Ducal Pruflia by the King of
Pruflia, Couilmd by its own Duke,
and D;intzic by their magifirates.
The religion of the country is the
Roman Catholic, except in the N.
where the fubjefts of the King of
Prufija and thufe of Dantaic, and fe-
vcral other cities, are Protcftants,
The forcci of the Poles are all horfe,
and aue rarhcr a militta, conllfting
cf the geii y nnd their depcudanrs,
than regular troops ; for they firvc
ro longer than they fee fit, and if
the Republic have occnfion tor foot,
they hire them of other Princes j
and fince the F.Ieftors of Saxony
have fat on the tfcrone of PiAuid,
they have furni/hed the Poles with
more foot than they defired, info-
much that they frequently alTembled
the crown army to drive them out of
the country in the laft reign.
PoLERON, E. Ion. 128. S. lat.
4. one of the Banda or Nutmeg
idands, in the Indian ocean, izom.
5. E. of Amboina, and 60 m. S. of
the ifland of Ceram. This was one
of thofe Spice idands which put
themfelves under the protedion of
the EngliHi, and voluntarily sc.
knowledged James I. King ©f Eng-
land, their fovcreign ; for which the
natives of this, and the reft of the
illands, were murdered or driven
from thence by the Dutch, together
with the English j and the Dutch
ufurped the dominion of the Spire
iflands in the year 1615, taking and
plundering the Engli/h /hips which
came thither (tho' the two nations
were then at peace) and have kept
the poHeffion of the Spice iflandj
ever fince.
PotEsiA, a pr. of Poland, bound-
ed by Polachia and Lithuania on the
N. and by Volhinia on the S.
POLESIN HE RovifJO, a pf. of
Italy, in the ter. of Venice, fit. N'.
of the Po, and W. of the gu'ph ot
Venice.
PoLEswoRTH, W. lon. 1. jr.
lat. 52. 38. a market town of War.
wickfliire, fit. 20 m. N. of Warw itir.
PoLiCANPRo, E. lon. 25. lat.
36. 30. a imall iHand of the Archi-
pefago, fit. between Melo and Mor-
go, S m. in circumference.
POLICASTRO, E. lon. 15. 40i
lat. 40. 20. a town of Italy, in ti -
K. of Naples, and Hither Princip<it,
fit. on a bay of the fca of the lame
name, 60 m. S. £. of Naples j the
fee of a btihop.
Politic, or Poi.izz i, a town of
Sicily, in the Val Demona, fit. 30
m. £. of Palermo, E. lon. 13. 25.
1. 38. 8.
PoLoczK, E. Ion, ag. lat. 56,
30. a city of Poland, in the D. <>'
Lithuania, capital of the pal, 0* Po-
locsiCi
P o
P o
loczk, fit. on the river Dwlno, 130
in. W, of Smoleii/ko.
PoMERANiA, a pr. of the cir.
of Upper Saxony, in theN. of Ger-
many, bounded by the Baltic Tea on
the N. by Poland on the E. by ano-
ther part of Poland and Brandenburg
on the S. and by the D. of Meck-
lenburg on the W. divided into eaft-
CTfl and weftern Pomerania ; all that
Jict E. of the river Pene being fubt
to the K. of Pruffia, and all W. of
that river to Sweden j the whole be-
ing a long narrow tracl of land, ex-
tending aoo m. from E. to W, and
from 50 to 60 in breadth. It is a flat
country, containing a great nunaber
of lakes and rivers, woods and fo-
refts, but generally a cold barren foil ;
however it is well fituated on the
Baltic fea for a foreign trade, and
has a great many good harbours, par-
ticularly Stetin and Stralfund.
Po N D E S T U R A , £. lOH. 8* 7. lat*
4;, a town of Italy, in the D. of
Muntferrat, fit. on the S. (ide of the
Po, 33 m. E. of Turin j Tub, to the
K. ul' Sardinia.
PoNDICHERRY, E. lOH. 80. lat.
12. 27. a town of India, in Afn,
on the coad of Chormandel, fit. 60
m. S. of Fort St. George. Here the
French have a faftory, and a ftrong
tort to defend it. Admiral Bofcawen
kficii'd this fortvefs in Sept. 1748,
but the periodical rains which fall
annually at this feafon obliged him to
retire from before it.
PONKF.RRAUA, W, lon. 7. lat.
42. 36. a city of Spain, in the pr. of
L-'on, fit. on the river Sil, on the con-
liii-'s of Galicij, 38 m. S. W. of Leon.
Pons (St.) E. lon. a, 30. 131.43.
I. a town of France, in the pr. of
inguedoc, lit. 20 m. N. of Nar-
bonne.
FoNTArEiLA, E. Ion. 13. 30.
lit. 47. a town (f Italy, in the ter,
of Venice, fit. 25 m. N, of Friuli.
I'oNT A MousoN, E. lon. 5. 50.
lat. 49, a town of Lorrain, fit. on the
river M )felle, 15 m. N. of Nancy.
I'oN r Di L'Arcmi, E. lon. I.
15 • l<tt. 49. 18. a town uf France,
i^
in the pr, of Normandy, fit. on the
river Seyne, 10 m. S. of Rouen.
Pont de Oe, W. lon. 3a min,
lat. 47. 25. a town of France, in
the pr. of Orleanois, and ter. of An*
jou, fit. on the river Loyre, 8 m. S«
of Angers.
Pont de Esprit, E. lon. 4.
45. lat. 44. 20, a town of France^
in the pr. of Lan^uedoc, fir. on the
river Rhone, 43 m. N. of Aries.
PONTEFRACT, W. lon. X. 5.
lat. 53. 42. a borough town of York-
fhire, fit. 18 m. S. W. of York j
fends two members to parliament.
PONTESTURA, E. lon. 8. 16.
lat. 44. 50. a town of Italy, in the
D. of Montferrat, fit. on the river
Po, 6 m. W. of Cafal, fub, to the
K. of Sardinia.
PoNToisE, E. lon. 2. 6. lat.
49. 5. a town of the ifle of France,
fit, 16 m. N. of Paris.
Pont Orson, W. lon. i. 30,
lat. 48. 34. a town of France, in the
pr. of Normandy, fit. near the Englifh
cliannel, 20 m. £. of St. Mala.
PoNTREMOLi, E. lon. JO. 33.
lat. 44. 34. a town of Italy, in the
ter. of Parma, fir, 50 m. E. of Gciwa.
Pont us, the ancient name of
the countries fir, in the LcHer Alia,
on the South fide of the Euxine fea,
of mofl of which Mithridjtcs wm
King, who was fubducd by Pompcy.
This is now part of Afm c Turkey.
PoNTYPOOL, W. lonir. 3. lat.
51. 45. a town of Munmouthfliire,
fit. 13 m, S.W. of Monmouth,
PoNZA, E. lon. 13. 50. lat. 41.
15. an idand in the Mediterranean,
near the W. coafl of Naples, at the
entrance of the bay of Gaieta.
Pool, W. lon. 3. 6. lat. 50. 45.
a borough and port town of Dorfet*
(hire, fit. on a bay of the Englifh
channel, 20 m. E, of Dorcheftcr ;
fends two members to parliament.
PooLowAY, E. lon. 128. S. lat.
3. 30. one of the Banda or Nutmeg
ifiands, in the Ir;dian ocean, 40 m,
S. of Ceram. SccPoleroon.
PofA Maori:, W. Ion. 76, irf,
10. 15. a town of Tcui Fjrm^i, in
£ C a S»uth
./i-^-^.^
p o
P o
$outh Amrrif a, fit. on a high moun-
tain, 50 m. E< of Cartri^cna, where
thert' is a convent and chapel dedi-
cated to the Virgin Mary, with her
JiTiiif e richly adorned , to which the
Spaniards of America go in pilgrim-
age from all parts, afcribiog a great
many miracles to this image of her,
especially in delivering them from
Aorms and enemies at r?a.
Pop AY AN, a pr. of South Ame-
rica, bounded by Terra Firma on the
N. by New Grana.ia on the E, by
I*eru on the S. and by the Pacific
ocean on the W. fit. between 75 and
80 degrees of W. lorr. and between
the equator and 5 degrees of N. lat.
being 400 m, long, and about 300
ID, broad. A chain of barren moun-
tains runs thro' the country from
N. to S. end near the fea it is a
£at marihy foil, almoil always flood-
ed by the continual rains ; but tli^te
being a great deal of gold dk>il found
in the fands of their numerous rivu-
lets^ in the dry feafon, the Spaniards,
•who are fovereigns 01" the country,
have built feveral towns in it^ the
chief wheteof is Popayan.
PoPAYAN, W. Ion. 76. lat. 3.
capital of the pr. of Popayan, fit,
azo m. N, E. of Quitto ; a bifhop's
:fee, and feat of the governor and
the courts of juHice.
Pope his territories, in
Italy, are bounded by the Venetian
ter. ontlieN. by the gulph of Venice
on the N. E. by Naples on the S. E.
ly the Tui'can Tea on the S, W. and
by the D. of Tufcany on the N. W.
almoil encompaiTing that D. on the
]and fide, being about 240 m. Jong,
and from 20 to 120 in breadth.
The foil of the Pope's territories is
generally rich, producing corn, wine,
oil, lilk, and excellent fruits, and
woulo produce moch more, if thefe
countries were as populous and as
veil cultivated, as they were in
the time of the Romans ; however
they fo much exceed 1 ufcany at
prcfont, that a certain writc|> lays,
'Ihe Pope has the fitfti, and the
Great Duke the buiiee ^ meauing, I
prefiime, that the lands of wliicb
the holy fee has the property a:id
dominion, a e naturally fruitful,
whereas Tfifcany, which they fur-
round, is great part of it taken up
with the barren rocks and mountain)
of the Appenine. T^he moft health-
ful and temperate part of the Pope's
territories is Bolonia, which lies N\
of the Appenine hijls. The Ferri-
Tc(c, adjoining to it, it a perfcdt bo^^
and exceeding unhealthiul ; nor i)
the Campania of Rome much belttr
the latter end of the fummer, oc-
cafioned by the many lakes arid
rtagnated waters, which in the tinic
of the Romans were drained off", bu«
now render this country fo unhealth-
ful, that it is dant^crous fleeping in
it ; arid whereas the Old Romans
ufed to retire hither to th^ir villa's
in futTimcr, every gentleman chufes
now to refide in Rome in the hot
feafon, to avoid the unwholefoiKC
air of the Campania. Though thi
Pope has a very extenfive coaft, both
on the g,ulph of Venice and on the
Tufcan fea, his fubjedts have fcarce
gny confiderable fea pork?, or any
merchant fhips, or foreign traliic,
notwithflanding the late Topes, to ii>
vite foreigners to trade with their
people, have made Civltta Vechia
a free port, one reafon whereof may
be, that their governors and wealthy
inhabitants are ecclefuiftics, who do
not apply themfelves to the adv;n ce-
ment tt trade and manufadlurcs j
but being mafters 0/ more refined
arts, draw great part of the wealth
of the Chriftian world into ti.e
trcafury of the church, and live in
a manner on the fpoils of bigotted
rvations, without taking the ordinary
vul|ar methods of amaiTin^ wcUth.
The Pope is an abfolute monaicli n
his Italian territories, fur tho' b;
frequently holds a confiftory of Cir-
dinais, who are his council in ct Je-
liaftical affairs, they are not fuflucl
t« intermeddle in his civil govern-
mcnt. The Po^ie's Prime Miniilt-r
is the Cardinal Patron, ufinlly one
oi km nephews, to wiiom he g vci
an
P o
P o
live in
igoltcd
ordinary
wealth,
naicli n
tho' te
of C ir.
n ci\\c-
fufiltel
govern-
^liiiiilcr
Ilv oiiC
an opportuoity of raiHng a vaiT eftate ;
fuch nephews have been the founders
of Tome of the greateft families in
Italy. The Campania vf Rome is
under the immediate government of
the Pope, the other provinces are
pjverned by Legates, or Vicelf gates,
but the forces in every province and
city have a commander befides, ap-
pointed by the Pope j and the Po-
deibs, or Judges, and other inferior
officers, arc eleded by the rerpe£live
inhabitants. The Pope ingrolfes all
the corn in the country, the farmers
being obliged to fell it to his agents,
at the price he fets upon it, and fell
it to the people at an advanced price,
fo reafonablc however, that all people
agree bread and corn is not dear at
Rome. As to the Pope's eccleliafti-
cal dominion, it is extended thru*
the world, wherever the Roman
Catholic religion has gained admit-
tance ; and whatever obligations
fubjcfts may be under to the civil
powers where they live, they arc
often ready to cancel them all, when
their duty to the Pope comes in com-
petition with that due to their tern-
poral Lords j and have often been
fpirited up to depofe their fovereigns :
and tho* many temporal Princes and
their lay -fubje^ls of that communion,
ha?r of late years dil^uted the Pope's
fupremacy, yet the monks and regular
clergy in every country^ Aill remain
entirely devoted to the fee of Rome,
and are ready to oppofe the civil
power, whenever thyt Popc''s au-
thority is called in queftiun : and
thefe amounting, as 'tis computed, to
2,000,000 fouls, are more formi-
dable than any other militia, iince
they are in every prince's court, and
great family in the Chriftian world,
on which they have a confiderab^
influence, and art fubfifted at the
charge of thofe very people to whom
they preach the do€tiine of the Pope's
fupremacy and infailibiiity. It is
computed that the conftant /tated
revenues of the monks and jcfuits
thus dependant on the Pope, amount
annum, betides the cafaal profits a-
rifing by offerings, and the bounty
of the people, who sre taught that
their falvation depends very much
upon their generofity to the clergy,
and the indulgences they purchale
of the Pope.
PoPEjtiNCEN, E. long. 2. 40.
lat. 5c. 54. a town of the Auftrian
Netherlandsj in the pr. of Flanders,
fit. 5 m. W. of Ypres.
Popo, a ter. of Gulney, in Africa,
which lies W, of Whidah.
Popo. See Maure de pop^
in Terra Firma in South America.
PoRCAT, E. Ion. 75. 30. lat.
9. a port town of the Hither India,
in Afia, fit. on the coaft of Milabar,
200 m. S. of Calicut, in the poireflion
of the Dutch.
PoBco, W, Ion. 68. S. lat. 22.
a city of Peru, in South America,
in the pr. of Los Charcas, fit. a little
W. of the mines of Poiofi, where
the Spaniards found filvcr mines
before thofe of Potofi were difco-
vercd.
POREMTIN. See PORTENTIN.
PoRLOCK, W. ion. 3. 40. lat.
51. 20. a port town of Somerfet-
ihirc, fit. on Rriftol <Jhaooel, 23 m,
N. W. of Bridgwater.
Port, or the Pohti, the city
of Conftantinople, frequently called
fo, by way of eminence, being one
of the 6nei^ harbours in Europe,
and the metropolis of the Turkifh
Empire.
PORTALZGRK, W. lon. 8. Lt.
39. 20. a city of Portugal, in the
pr. o.' Alentejo, fit. 80 m. E. of
Li/bon.
Port Desire, W. lon. 70. S.
lat. 47. a harbour on the £. coad of
South America, fit. 150 m. N. £. of
port St. Julian, where (hips fomo-
umes touch in their voyige to the
South fea.
PoRTEN Bessim, W. lon. 50
min. lat. 49. 20. a port town (if
France, in the pr. of Normandy, (it.
on the Engliflv channel, 18 m. N.W.
of Caen.
Po»tkntru, E. long. 7. lat.
t c J 47.
P o
P o
47. 30. a city of SwitzerlAid, in
the bifh. of Bafil, fit. on the con-
fines of Alfatia, 13 miles S, £. of
Muntheiiard. t ?
Portland, W. long. 2. 35.
lat. 50. 30. a peninfula in the co.
of Dorfet, fit. on tl e Englilh chan-
nel, 10 m. S. of Dorcheller. Here
the beft free-ftone is dug, of which
St. Paul's in Londcm, and moft of
the grand fabrics in England are
built.
Port L'Orient, W. Ion. 3.
15. lat. 47. 42. a fortrefs and port
town of France, fit. in the pr. of
Britany, at the mouth of the river
Blavet,oppofite to Port Louis, be-
ing the ftaticn of the French Eaft-
India /hips, from whence it lalely
obtained the name of the Eastern
Port, or Port L'Orixnt, and
is 78 m. N. W. of Nante, and 25
m. N. W. of Venne', or Vannes.
Port Louis, W. long, 3. 6.
lat, 47. 42. a port town of Frr.nce,
in the pr. of Britany, fit. on the
bay of Bifcay, at the mouth of the
liver Blavet, and fometimes called
Blavet, 70 miles N. W. of Nants.
It has a good harbour, and is a
station for part of the royal navy,
and for the fliips of the French E.
India Company.
Port Mahon. See Maon and
Minorca.
PoHTo, or Oporto, W. Jon. 9,
lat. 4i« io« a city and port toun of
.I'«jrtugal, in the pr. of Entre-Minho-
i^ouro, fit. near the mcuth of tlie
liver Douro and the Atlantic ocean,
30 Ri. S. of Braga.
Porto-Rem-o, W. long. 82.
lat. 10. a ptrt town of America, (it.
in the pr. of T*jra Fnma Proper, or
l).iricn, on the narrowed part of the
illhmuijwhich joins North and South
Ameii«.i, 70 miles N. of Pjnama>
and 300 .Tl. W. of Caitngena, it is
a large, fccure, and commodh us
hjrbour, with a n.irtow eiitrance,
ccfciided by furts .nn<i batteries j ami
at the bottom of t'\ liarbour llinds
«hf. town, ol a femicircular form
»% the l^id i* en which it is built,
defended alfoby feveral forts, which
w«re all taken by Admiral Vernon,
with fix /hips only, in the year 1742,
but he quitted it again, after he had
demoli/hed the works, either en ac^.
count of the unhealtht'ulnefs if the
place, or becaufe he had fcarce any
land-forces on board j or, as feme
fuggeft, becaufe his orders were de-
feftive. Here Admiral Hofier was
loft by the lyihealthfulnels of the
climate, and moft of the /hips buried
their ctcavs twice over, and the
/hips wtre fo damaged by the worms,
that they were not /it for fervice
afterwards. The greate/l part of
the inhabitants arc Malattocs, Ir>.
dians, or Negroes. No Spaniard cf
fub/tance chufes to reiide in fo un-
healthful a place, tho* during the
time of the fair it ufed to be fo
crowded with rich merchants, that
above ico crowns were given for a
poor lodging, and a 1000 crowns for
a /hop, during the /hort time the
galleons remained there, and pro-
vi/ions were proportionably dear.
Porta Cavallo, or Porto
Cabelo, W. Ion. 67. 3c, lat. 10.
30. a port town of Terra Firma, in
Ameiica, on the Caraccos coaH, fit.
on a bay of the North fea, 120 m.
S. of the Dutch illand of Bonaire ;
fub. to Spain. Here the Englifh
met with a repulfe, and Itiib a great
many men when they attacked tiic
town by lea and land, anno 1743.
Porto Fahino, E. Ion. 9, lat.
36. 30. a port town of Tunis, in
Africa, fit. 30 m. N. of Tunis, a
little W, of the rains sf Carth.ige ;
fub. to the Dcy of Tunis.
I'oRTO Ferajo, E. Ion. IT. 30.
lat, /■2. 3<;. a port town on rhc
N. fide of the iflc of Elba, in the
Tufcan fefl, 40 m. N. VV. of Or-
bittllo } fiib. to the D. of Tufcany.
Porto (iALLETo, "NV. It n. 3.
6. lat. 43. 25. a port town of -Spain,
in the pr. of Bifcay, lit. 8 m. N. ot
Bilboa.
Porto Hircoli, E. Ion. 11.
lat. 42. 20. a port town of Italy,
in like pr. ot Tukaay, fit. vn the
P o
P o
eoaft of the ftatc Del Prefidii, on a
bay u/the Tufcan fca, 60 m, Jj. W.
ol S.ciiua ; fub. to Sicily.
FoKio LoNCQKE, E, Ion. ii,
5'j. lat. 42. 3^.. a port town ot the
ille ot £lil>a, in the Tufcan fc.i, at the
E. end of the ifland ; fub, to Sicily.
i'ou.r Louis, a French fortrcl's,
fit, on the S.W. coaft of Hifpanijla,
taken and demolilhed bvAd.Knowles,
anno 1747, but re-edified fince,
Porto Rico, an iiland in the
Atlantic, or American ocean, lit,
bitween 64 and 68 degrees of W.
Ion. and in 18 degrees ot N. lat. be-
ing 120 m. long, and 60 broad. The
face of the ifland confifts of a plea-
fing variety of hills and valley?, woods
and champain, and is well watered
with fprings and livers. They have
their periodical rains and ilorms as in
ether countries within the tropics,
and fometimes hurricanes, between
Midlummer and Michaelmas. This
ifland was coaquered by the Earl of
Cumberland, at his own cxpence,
and that of other private adventurers,
in the reign of Q^Elizabctb, but h«
was obliged to abandon it again,
having lott moil of his men by fulc-
nefs in the latter end oi the fummer,
when this, and all places in thefe
latitudes, are very unhealthful. The
chief produce of this iQand for ex-
portation, is fugar, rum, and ginger ;
and they have ail manner of tropical
fruits and grain, and the Spaniaids
have introduced a great many forts
of European fruits and grain, as well
as cattle,
Porto Rico, or St, John's
City, W, ion. 65. lat. i8, capital
of Purto Rico, fit. on a finall tlland
wjihin the harbour, on the N, fide
of the chief ifl.ind, and joined to it
by a caijfeway. The town is about
a miL and a half in circumference,
Luilt »ficr the Spanifti model, and
iuriitied, as well as the entrance of
the harbour, by forts and batteries of
guns, which 1 endcr, the town almcft
ioacceliiblu by fea } nor is the fitua-
tionlefs pleafant than (trong, .t (bnd.
iu|; on an eminence, and comnaanding
the ocean on one fide, and the maio
illand on the other. ;
Porto Santo, W. Ion. 16. lat,
33. the leaft of the Madeira illands,
in the Atlantic ocean, fit. 300 m,
W. of the empire of Morocco, in
Africa ; fubjcdl to Portugal. It j»
not above 18 m. in circumference,
but produces t^^e fame fort of wine
as the larger illand dees. See Ma-
de i :* a .
Porto Vecchio, E. Ion. 9. 30,
lat. 41. 25. a port town in the ifland
of CorCc.'., in the Meditcriane.in, fit,
on a bay of the {ca, 40 m. N, of
Sardinia.
PoRTO Venf.ro, F.. Ion. 10, 35,
lat. 44. 5. a port town of Italy, in
the ter. of Genoa, fit. near the bay
ofSpezi-i, 45 m, S. E. of Clenoa.
Port Roval, W. Ion. 77. lar,
17. 30. a port town, fit. in the S.E,
part of the ifland of Jamaica, in A-
merica, at the extremity of a long'*
point of land, running W, about
12 m. from the body of the ifland^
having the ocean on t!ieS. and a fine
bay on the N. which forms one of
the moil commodious harbours ima-
ginable, 3 leagues broad, and deep
enough for a ihip of 700 tons to
lie clofe to the fhore, well defended
by foits, and platforms of ^uns. It
formerly contained 1500 hocfes, and
was fo populous, and fo much fre-
quented by merchants and planters,
that houfcs were as dear here, as.
in the bcft ftreets of London. But
this fine port was miferably defttoycd
three times within 30 years, viz,
in the year 1692 by an earthquake,
in 1702 by fire, and in 1722 by an
inundation of the fea ; whereupon
the place was abandoned, and mod
of the inhabitants that furvived, re-
moved to Kingrton, on the oppofite
fide of the haibour, but the con-
veniency of the fitu.uion has drawn
a great many people thither again j
and it is better fortified ag:>in(l an
enemy, as well as againfV inundations,
than ever it was, tho' it futVered
pretty nruich by a hurricane, in the
ye^r 1744.
rojiT
Ii
P o
P o
Port Royal, W. Ion. &o. lat.
31.45. an iihnd en the (.Odii of
South Carolina, in America, uliich,
with the neighbouring continent,
forms one of the molt fecure and
commodiuus hai hours in the Briti/h
plantations. The idand is about 15
m. long, and has a town on the
M. £. ihore, called Beaufort town j
but neither the town or the idand
were lb ftron^ly I'ortilied lately, as a
harbour of that importance dcfervcs.
It lies near loo m. S. of Charles-
town.
Port Royal, in Acadie. See
Annapolis.
Fort St. Mary*s, W. Ion. 6.
30. lat. 36. 23m a port town of Spain,
in the pr. of Andalufia, fit. on the
bay of Cadiz^ 10 m. Nt£. of that
city. Here the Englilh made a de-
fcent, anno 170Z, in order to befiege
Cadiz. They committed great irie*
' gularities, and were compelled to re-
embarlc their troops, without ejec-
ting any thing.
Portsmouth, W. Ion. 1. 6,
lat. 50. 48. a borough and port town
of Hampfhire, fit. on a fine bay of
the Englilh channel, oppofitc to the
Sfle of Wight, ao m. S. of Win-
chelier; and 70 m. S. W. of Lon-
don ; one of the moA fecure and ca-
pacious harbours in England, llronizty
tort»fied and defended by a numerous
artillery, both on the Tea and land
fide. Here great part of the royal
navy of England are built and laid
up ; and here are fome of the finell
docks, yards, and magazines of naval
Aores in Europe. 1 he general ren-
deevous for the royal navy is ufually
at Spithead, on the £. end of the
ifle of Wight, o^^pofite to Purtf-
mouth. This town lends two mem-
bers to parHament.
Portugal, the moft weflerly
K< of Europe, fit. between 7 and
10 degrees of W. Ion. and between
37 and 41 degrees of N. lat. bound-
ed by the K.. of Spain on the N. and
E. and by the Atlantic ocean on the
W> and S. being abaut 300 m. lonp,
asd iQO broad« 'i^iui counti v m noi
fo hot as Spain, efpecially that part
which lies on the coaft, be ng couJcd
by •■he Tea -breezes j but it is not 10
fruitful as Spain, being incumbered
with fome of the baneneft muuntair's
on that continent ; however towards
the bottom of them, they are planud
with vines, which produce a gieut
deal of good wine. Ihe foil a^
produces plenty of olives, as well as
oranges and lemons ) but neither
their oil or their four oranges are
fo good as thofe of Spain. Their
fweet oranges, however, which they
introduced txom China, and for that
reafon are called China oranges, are
the beft in Europe. They have not
corn enough for iheir fubfifience ;
but are fupplied with it frequently
from Engl anJ Holland. As to
their peaiants and country people,
they eat fcarce any otlicr but Indian
corn J a very coarle food. The fielh
of their cattle is generally lean and
dry ; but they have plcaty of chef.
nuttt almonds, figi and raifins. They
make alfo a great deal of falt^ of the
fea water, let inio fhallow pans j
efpecially in the bay of St. Ubes,
from whence they export a great deal,
efpecially to America. The foreign
trade of the Portuguefe confifts ei<
ther in the exportation of the pro-
duce of their own foil, viz. red and
white Port wines, oranges, lemons,
and other fruits j or in the exporta-
tion of the merchandize they receive
from their plantations and fettlements
in Afia, Africa, and America ; of
which, thofe from Brafii, in A me.
rica, are much the moA cenfideta-
ble: for, befides vaft quantities of
fugar, tobacco, rum, cotton, indigo,
hides, train oil, dying woods, and
drugs, they import vaft treafures of
gold, filver, and diamonds from Bra-
fii, having lately difcovered lomc
very valuable mines of thefe precious
minerals there ; infomucb, <hat the
value of diamonds are funk confider-
ably. But, notwiihHanding Portu.
gal is now one of the richefl king-
doms in the world, it is, however,
lU wcakeft» They have neither
flcctt
P o
P R
fleets or armies fufficlent to defend
their fea-coans or frontiers ; and,
were it not that the reft of the pow-
rrs of Europe know it to be their
intereft to defend thenn againft Spain,
they would foun be fw allowed up by
that potent neighbour. This is a
much greater fecurity than the dou.
b!e mariiages contrailcd between the
two crowns, in the year 1729. Por-
tugal is an abfolule monarchy, and
the crown heiedltary. There are
alTpmbiies of the ftatcs and cortes
here, indeed, as well as in Spain j
but they only ferve to confirm the
decrees of the Prince. The public
;iniiual revenues of the kingdom a-
Hjount to rear one million fterling,
clear of all pwifions and fularies }
but the K, receives a much greater
revenue frorn. the pruduce of the
mines of PMJilj which it is fcaice
poITible tKo" riii)i,|;e a juft eftimate of.
There is no couiitry to which the
Englifli trade i'o greater advantage ;
for, tho' we ii^ppoit the grcateft Mrt
cf their wine ani^ fiuit, t^^i^ce
our woollen manufaduj^e in^retur^i,
with which they do not .""Vslfljj.^'^
the Portugueie of Europe, But in'e
numerous colonies they /have inijCua,^
Africa, and America j ,and many
nations that formerly vent nake'd,
vhich the Portugueie have taught
to clothe themfelves^ and ctmform
!o European cuftoms. Aiuv 't's cer-
tain, we have imported a great deal
of gold from Portugal, tho' the ex-
poitation of it from thence is pro-
hibited, under very fevere penalties,
by their government.
PosEGA, £. Ion. 18. 42. lat. 45.
35. capital of Sclavonia, fit. on the.
nvcr Orana, 120 m. W. of Belgrade,
and 135 S. of Buda, fub. to the
honfc of Auftria.
PosKN, or BoLZAKOj, E. Ion,
II. 20. lat. 46. 30. a town of Ger-
many, in the cir. of Aullria and B.
of Trent, fit. on the river Adige,
25 m. N. of Trent.
PosNA, E. Ion. 17. lat, 52, 30.
a ciry of Great Poland, fit. on the
tiver VVarta, aear the cooiines of
Brandenturg, 150 m. W. of War-
faw. The fee of a bifli. and cap. uf
the pal. of Pofnania.
PosTDAM, or Potsdam, E. ion,
13. 38. lat. 52.25. a town of Ger-
many, in the cir. of L^pper Saxony,
and mar. of Brandenburg, fit. on the
river HaveJ, 10 m. S. W. of Berlin,
fub. to the K. of Pruflia, who has a
palace here.
Potenza, E. Ion, 16.^0, lat.
40.40. a city of Italy, in the K. of
Naples, in the Bafilicate, fir. 80 !i>,
S. E. of Naples. The fee of a bifh.
PoTOSi, W. Ion. 67. S. lat. 22,
a city of Peru, in South America,
fit. 300 m. S, E. of Arica, ,it the
bottom of the mountain of Potofi, ia
which is the richeft filver mine that
ever was difcovered, from whtnce
the Spani'irds have drawn many hun«
dred ftiip-'toads of treafure. It is fi-
tuated in one of the barrencft coun-
tries of America, defiitute of corp,
grafa, trees, and all manner of her-
bage. The hill is now little more
than a fliell, the Spaniards having
dug through and through it: when
they could gel no more by digging
downwards, they began ai the bot-
tom of the hill, and dug through it
horizontally.
Pot TON, W, Ion. 15 min, lat»
5^2. 6. a market town of Bcdford-
inire, fit. 10 m. E. of Bedford.
" PouLTOK, W, Ion. 3. lat. 53.
5,0. a market town of Lancjftiiie,
fit. 15 m. S. W. of Lancafler.
PouRSELuc, E. Ion. 100. IfiC.
2^, a city of the K. of SiatB, in the
E« Indies, in Afia, fit. 300 m, N. u£
Sianu
, Prabat, E. Ion. 101. iai. z^,
a city of Siam, in the Further India,
in Afia, fit. 100 m. N. of Siam,
Pragilas, or Preglas, Ei
Ion. 7. lat, 44. 45. a town of Italy,
in the pr. ot Piedmont, fit. 7 m»
W. of Turin, fub. to the K. of
Sardinia.
Prague, E. Ion. 14. 20. lat, 50.
the capital of Bohemia, fit. on the
river Mulda, 140 m. N. W. of Vi-
enna, ICO ifit N. E» uf Ratlbun^
aa4
P R
PR
•nd 70 m. S, of Drefden. It is the
largeft city in Europe, and the moll
populous, next to London, Paris, and
CunHantinople } encompaiTed with a
wall, baftions and other works, which
render it as flrong as a place of that
extent can be ; but it is commanded
by feveraJ hills. It flands pleafantly»
furrounded by iine fields and gardens,
and is adorned with a great many
elegant houfes, churches, and con-
sents. There are fcarce any cites
that have more nobility and wealthy
people refiding in them, and thefe aie
extremely polite and civil to Grangers,
at ieaft, thus it was a few years ago,
before the city was plundered by the
French and FrufiTians j bat it will be
a great while, probably, before they
recover themfelves, and art able to
live in that fplendor they did for-
merly.
pRATotiNO, E. Ion. 12. 6. lat,
43. 50. a city of Italy, in the D. of
Tufcany, fit. f. m. N. of Florence,
where the Great Duke has a palace
and gardens, with fome of the fineft
water -works in Italy.
Prkcof, E. Ion. 37*. 40. lat. 46.
40. an old decayed city of European
Turky, fit. at the entrance of the
iUhmus, which unites Little Tartaty
to the peninfuh of Crim Tartary j
of fi> little ftrcngth, that it made
fcarce any reftlanc- againft the Ruf-
fian lortes which invaded Crim Tar-
tary, and plun^leted it, two years
fucctlTively, in the lare wars.
Pkemislaw, K. Ion. 21. lat. 49.
a city of Pola-id, in the pr. of Red.
Ruflia, fir. iijm. S. E. of Cracow.
pRESBUitf., E. Ion. 17. 30. lat,
48. 20. the capital city of Hungary,
fit. on the N. fide of the Danube,
50 m. £. of Vienna, and 80 m.
N, W. of Buda. It is a large well-
built city, and (lands in a pleafanC
fruitful country; but is not of any
great ftrcngth : even the caftlc, which
Aands on a neighbouring hill, is for-
tified after the old way, with round
towers, indead of baflions : but here
are kept the crown, and Other rega*
l^a, of Hungary, ^
Pre SCOT, W. Ion. *. 45, lat,
53. 25. a market town of Lancashire,
fit. 36 m S. of Lancafter.
Pkes£Nsano, E. Ion. 15. lat.
41. 12. a town of Italy, in the K.
of Naples, and pr. of Lavoro, fit,
28 m. N. of Naples,
PpEsioii, £. Jem. la. lat. 42,
30. This is a fmall ter. in Italy,
on the coaft of Tufcany, called, the
State del Prcfidi', or the Garriions ;
confifting of feveral towns, garri-
fon'd by the K. of Sicily, who is fo-
vereign of them j of which the chief
are Oi bitello, Pgrto Hercolc, and Tc.
lamon.
PRESSOVIA, or PROSSOWIC£,
a town of Little Poland, fit. on the
Viftula, ao m. E. of Cracow, E,
Ion. 20. lat. 50.
Prist El N, W. Ion. 3. lat. 52,
22. a market town of Radnorshire,
in Wales, fit. 20 m. N. W, of He*
reford.
Pr ESTER John, the K, of A-
byHinia, or Ethiop 3, fo called.
Preston, W, .Ion. 2. 3*. lat,
53. 45. a borough town in Lanca-
fliire, fit. on the river Kibble, 20 m.
S. of Lancafler } fends two members
to parliament. Here the malcon-
tents, after a fmart engagement,
thought fit to furiender themfelves
pri loners, anno 17 15.
Preston Pans, in Scotland,
about 7 m. £. of Edinburgh, where
the rebels defeated the King's forces
commanded by General Cope, 2 ill
Sep. 1745.
Prevesa, E. Ion. 21. 15. lat. 3S.
45. a port town of Albania, or Epi-
rus, fit. on the b.y of Larta, at the
entrance of the gulph of Venice, 25
m. N. of the iHani of Ccphalonia.
Priaman, E. Ion. 98. S. lat,
T. a port town of the ifland of Su-
matra, one of the Sunda iOancls ia
Afia, a Dutch fadory, 120 m. W,
of Jam by.
Princes Island, E.lon. 9. lat.
2. a little iHand on the W. coaft of
Africa, 250 m. S.Vi. of Loango.
Prince George, and Prince
Chaklks, two counties of Virgi-
P R
P R
nia, in N. America, fit. N. of James
nver.
Princess Ann, a co. of Vir-
ginia, in America, S. of the mouth
of James river.
pR INC IP AT, a pr. of the K. of
Niples, in Italy, fit. on the fea-coaft,
betvvcen the provinces of Lavoro and
Calabria, and divided into the Hither
and Fuither Principate.
PftisTiNA, £. Ion. 20. lat. 43.
15. a town of European Turky, in
the pr, of Servia, fit. on the river
Prino, 70 m. N. E. of Ragufa.
Procita, E. Ion, 14, 45. lat,
41. a fmall itland, on the W. coaft
of Naples, fit, between the idand of
Ifchia and the continent.
Prom, E. ion. 94. lat. 19. a city
of the K, of Ava, in the Further
India, in Alia, fit. on the river Mc-
nan, 200 m. N. W. of Pegu,
Pr p N T I s, or fea of Marmora,
divides Europe from Afia, having
the Bofphorns, or ftrait of Conftan-
tinople, on the N. E. by which it
has a communication with the Eux-
inc fca j and the Heilefpont, or ftrait
of the Dardanelles, on the S, W. by
wh'ch it has a communication with
the Archipelago, or Egean fea. The
Fropontis is 120 m. long, and in
feme places upwards of 40 m. broad ;
but grows narrower at the ends, near
cither ftrait. It obtained the name
of Marmora, from a little ifland m
it, which confifls of a rock of mar-
ble.
Province, a pr. or government
of France, (it. between 5 and 7 de-
grees of E. Ion. and between 43 and
44 degrees, 35 min. N. ht. bdng
100 m. long, and near as many
broad j bounded by the pr. of Dau-
phine on the N. by Piedmont and
the Mediterranean (ea on the E. by
the fame fea on the S. and by the
river Rhone, which fcparates it from
Latiguedoc, on the W. It is moun-
tainous on theN. and E. being fepa-
ratcd from Piedmont in Italy by the
Alps ; but the left of it, whicti iiei
upon the fea and the river Rhone,
i& a iine level country, producing
plenty of wine, oil, and fr»ir. The
manufaflures of this pr. are chieriy
filks, g(*Id and filver lace, and linen ;
and they have a prodigious foreign
trade to Italy, Turky, and Spain,
carrying the produce of one country
to another, and exporting the produce
and manufactures of moft ot the other
provinces of France from Marfeillei j
but this ttade met with great inter-
ruption while the Britifti fleet lay
upon their coafts in the late war.
Providence Plantation,
W. Ion, 70, 30. lat. 41. 30. a co-
lony of New England, which, with
Rhode iOand, conftitute a charter go-
vernment, independent ©f the Matia-
chulcts, or any other colony of New
En^. nd J the chief town Newport,
'ihis is a fmall, but ilourifhing co-
lony, and inhabited chiefly by Qua-
kers ; intermixed, however, with
many of the eftablifhed church ; and
a miilionary is maintained here, to
read divine fervice, and preach to
them, by the fociety for propagation
of the gofptl,
Provipence, W. Ion. 78. Ijt,
25. one of the Icaft of the Bahama
iflands, in the \merican ocean ; but
the beft planted and fortified hy the
Englifh J the crown having purchalV d
it ot the proprietors, to make it a
ftation for crullers ; being fit. on the
E. fide of the gulph of Florida, 200
m. E. of the continent of Florida.
There are other ifiands near this,
planted by the Englifh, but not fur-
tilii-'d J the planters being obliged to
retire to Providence, on the approach
of an enemy.
Providence, W. Ion. 82. 30,
lat. iz. 45. a fmall ifland, of difii-
cuit acccfs, ill the American fea, fit,
150 m. E, of Nicaragua and the
Mofkito counrry, which the Englifh
Buccaneers formerly fortified and de-
fended againft the Spanilh guarda
coflas, but afterwaids abandoned it.
1 his illand might be of great fervice
to the Englifh, if they fend colonies
tu the Muikito country, as has been
prcpofed.
Provinces, Austrian and
1 Unitid,
P R
P U
Unitio. See Netherlandj,
mad United Netherlands.
Provins, E. Ion. 3. zo. lat. 48.
35. a city of France, in the pr. of
ChampaiB, fit« 4.5 m. S.E. of Paris,
from the neighbourhood whereof
come the Proving rofej.
Pruch, or Bkugc, £. Ion. t6.
45. tat. 48. 15. a town of Getma-
ny, in the cir. of Auftria, fit. on
€hc river Leyta, zz 01. S. E. of Vi-
enna.
Pkuck, or Brtjch, a town of
Oermany, in the D. of Stiria, and
cir. of Auftria, fit. on the river
Muer, 60 m, S. W. of Vienna.
Prusa, or Bursa, the cap. of
the pr. of Bithynia, in Afiatic Turky.
See Bursa.
Prussia, a pr. of Poland, is fit.
between 17 and 22 degrees of E. Ion.
and between 53 and 56 degrees of
N. lat. being bounded by the lialtic
fea on the N. by Samagitia and Li-
thuania on the E. by Great Poland
and VVarfovia on the S. by Branden-
burg and Pomerania on the W. being
about 200 m. long, and J 00 broad,
and divided into Regal and Ducal
Pruflla 9 the Regal Pruffia, v.hich
lies en the W. being ftill fub. to the
crown of Poland ; and Ducal PruJ^ia,
whicli is the eaftcrn part of it, fub.
to the K.. of Pruffia, whufe ;ince«
ftors began to ftyle themfelvcs Kings
about the year 1700, and have been
fjnce recognized Kings by n-joll of
the powers of Europe. The ch'cf
town of Ducal Pruffia h Koiiing-
(burg, fit. on the Fri'chhafF, a bay
of the Baltic fea. This country has
been fob. to the marquilFes of Bran-
denburg upwards of 200 years, r.nd
here they are abfolute ibvereigns,
the Poles having acknowledge^ their
independency on that crown in the
year 1663, upon condition, however,
that upon failure of ifTue of the
marquis and eledor of Brandenburg,
Ducal Pruflia Ihould revert to the
crown 01 Poland, and be deemed a
fief of that crown. Ducal Prnflia
is one of the coldeft and barreiicft
countries in Poland| but is well litu-
.ated for a foreign trade, having feve*
ral good ports upon the Baltic fea,
The K. of Pruffia's German domi.
nions confiding of Brandenburg, Po.
meranii?, Magdeburg, Halberftat, and
Sileli3, ' jjc can keep the laft, are
much .•;•..• c;- .fi'^srable ; but they
are fepar.:,ed from his Polifft domi.
nions by Regal PniHia. See Brak«
OENBURG.
pRUTH, a river which rifes in
the pr. of Red Ruffia, in Poland,
runs S.£. thro* Moldavia, and dif*
charges itfelf into the river Danube.
It was on the banks of this river that
the Czar, Peter the Great, was at-
tack'd, and his army almoft ruined
by the Turks, anno 1711, and he
was compelled to yield up Afoph,
and all his forts he had built upon
the Black fea, to the Turks.
Ptolemais, E. Ion. 36. lat,
32. 30. a port town of Phenicii,
now a pr, of Afiatic Turky, fit. oa
the coaft of the Levant, or Mediter-
ranean fea, 20 m. S. of Tyre.
PuEBLA, W. Ion. 6. 45. lit.
38. 50. a town of Spain, in the pr.
of Eltremadura, fit. on the rivw
Guadiana, 15 m. W. of Merida.
PuEBLA Nova, W. Ion. 84,
lat. 8. 45. a port town of Mexico,
in America, in the pr. of Vengua,
fit. on a bay of the Pacific ocean, 400
m, W. of Panama.
PUENTE PEL ReYNA, W. loO.
I. 40. lat. 43. 5. a town of Spain,
in the pr. of Navarre, fit. 13 in.
S.W. of Pampeluna.
PuiGCERDA, E. Ion. I. 31. lat.
42. 50. a city of Spain in the pr. of
Catalonia, fir. on the river Segra,
80 m. N. of Barcelona.
PULTOWAV, or Po EL TWA, E.
Ion. 35. lat. 50, a city of Rufli3,in
the pr. of the Ukrain, fit. 160 m.
S.E. of Kiof, and ico m. S.W. of
Belgorod: here Chailes XII. K of
Sweden was defeated, and almoft his
whole army kih'd or taken prifoners:
he himielf, with fome few Swedes
cfcaping over theBorifthenes to Ben.
der in Beflarabia, a pr. of European
Turky, anna 1709.
PWSA
P Y
QJU
PoNA Isle, W. Ion, 80. S. lat.
t. 15. an idand of S. America, fit.
in the Pacific ocean, at the entrance
of the bay of Guiaquil, 120 m. N. of
pajta, in Peru, lub. to Spain.
FuRBECK Isle, the fouth eaft
divifion of the co. of Dorfet, fit, on
the Engli/h channel.
PURRYSBURGH, W. lon. 8l.
]at. 31. 45. a town of Georgia, in
N. America, fit* on the river Savan-
na, 30 m, W. of the mouth of it,
zo m. W. of the town of Savannah*
and 130 Ki. S. W. of Charles-town,
built and ;nhabited by a colony of
Swifs, carried over thither by Monf.
Parry, at the charge of the Englifh
truftees of Georgia } fub, to Eni;,land.
PuY, E. lon. 3. 50. lat. 45. a
city of France, in the pr. of Lan-
guedoc, and ter» of the Cevennes,
lit. 70 m. S. W. of Lyons.
FuzzoLi, the ancient Put EC LI,
E. Ion. 14. 40. lat. 41. 15. a city
of Italy, in the K. of Naples, fit.
9 m, W. of that city, once a town
that made a confiderable Agurc, but
ij now in ruins, however, it is ftill
a bifliop's fee, as almofl every town
in Naples is.
Pyramids of Egypt, fir, on
the W. fide of the river Nile, almoft
oppofite to Grand Cairo in Africa,
the grandeH;, as well as the mod
ancient, ftone fabrics that remain
entire on the face of the earth ; the
bale of the largeft pyramid covers
more than ten acres of ground, and
is, according to fome, near 700 foot
high, tho' others make it 600, and
fome a little more than 500 foot
high ; fcarce any two people th.it
hjve ieen it agree in the dimenfions j
nor is it certain with what defign
they were built, by whom, or at
what time,
Pyrenean Mountains divide
France from Spain, and are not infe-
rior to the Alps in height ; they ex-
tend troiT) th? Mediterranean to the
oc^an, upwards of 200 m. in length,
and the greatelt breadth is about j2o }
they arc well planted with trces^
having abundance of good timber oA
them : there are but five paH'ages
over them, all of them extremely
difficult, but there are fevcral fine
valleys in the middle of them,
Pyrmontj E. lon. g. lat. 52,
cap. of the co. of Pyrmont, in Ger-
many, fit,' in the cir. of Weftphaiia^
on the confines of the D. of Bruniwic,
40 miles S. W. of Hanover, frorrx
whence we reeeive the bcfl mineral
waters in Germany.
QJJ
I ^UAKENBRUGGE, E. lon. 7^
\^/ 30. lat. 52. 55. a town of
Gt;many, in the cir. of Weftphalia^
and bi(h. of Ofnabrug, fit. 25 m, Nk
of Ofnabrug, and fub. to its bifli.
QuAMCHiEu. See Canton,
QuAMSi, a pr. of China in Afia^
bounded by the pr. of Yunan oa
the W. by Queycheu on the N. by
Quamtum on the E. and Tonquin on
the S.
Quamtum, or Canton, a pr.
of China, in Afiaj bounded by Hu-
quam and Kiamfi on the Ni by To-
ken on the E. by the ocean on theS,
and by Quiamfi on the W,
Quebec, W, lon. 74. lat. 47,
35. the cap. cf the French colonies
in N. America, fit. on the W. fids
of the river of St. Laurence, 300 m,
N. Wi of Bofton. This city is for-
tified, and defended by a caftle : the
Englifli have made two or three un-
fuccefsful attempts to reduce it, and
had probably elTcfted it the laft time>
but they entered on this expedition
too late in the year, and wanted
good pilots to carry them up the ri-
ver of S:, Laurence, which occa-
fioned the lofs of fome traiifports,
and feveral hnndred foldiers, in the
latter end of the reign of Q^Anne.
The viceroy of Canada, who rclidel
at Quebec, Itiles himleif Goveinof,
F f and
QJJ
Q.U
and Captain- General of New France,
and Louifiana, which, according to
the French, comprehends all Ca-
nada and Florida, of which the Bri.
tifli colonies are a part, and no doubt
they wi!.' attempt to drive our peo-
ple into the Tea, in the language of
a French writer, if we futiier them
to continue their encroachments 0:1
our frontiers, and do not poHTefs our-
f-lves of the Likes which lie between
Canada and Florida.
QuxDA, L. Ion. 98, 35. lat. 7. a
port town of Malacca } in the Fur-
ther India, in Alia, fit. 300 m. N«
of Malacca, fub. to the Dutch.
QuzENBOBouGH, £. lon. 50
fnin. lat. S'* ^S* * borough town of
the itta of Sheppey, in the co. uT
Kent, fit. II m. N. W. of Canter-
liury, and 35 m. £. of London }
fends two members to parliament.
Queen's County, in Ireland,
liounded by Ring's county on the N.
by the CO. of Kildare on the £. by
Kilkenny on the S. and by the pr.
of Munder on the W.
Queen's Ferry, W. lon. 3. 20.
lat. 56. a town of Scotland, fit. on
the S. fide of the river Forth, 10 m.
IV. of Edinburgh.
Queiolinburg,E. ton. Ii. 15.
lat. 51. 50. a town of Ccrmtny, in
the cir. of Lower Saxony, fit. 8 m.
S. £• of Halberftat, where there is
a Proteftant monaftety.
QuERCY, the S. E. divifion of
the pr. of Cuienne, in France, hav-
Ini Limoftn on the N. and Langue-
4qc on the S.
QuiiNFURT, E. Ion. 11, lat,
51. 30, a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Upper S.ixony, fit. 12 m. S.
E, of Mansfield.
QutsLiN, £. Ion. 109. lat. 26.
a city of China, in Afia, cap. of the
pr. of Quarnfi, fit. aoo m. N. W. of
Canton.
QotsKOY, E. lon, 3. 3^ lat,
50. 10. a little town of the French
Netherlands, in the pr. of Hainault,
fituate fevcn ouies S;. £. of Valcn-
cifOflCi*
QoiYAN, E. lon. 106. lat. 97,
5. cap. of the pr. of Qoeycheu, fu,
440 m. N. W. of Canton.
QuEYCHEu, a pr. of China in
A Ha, bounded by Suchuen on the N.
by Quamfi on the £. and by Yunan
on the S. and W.
QuiLOA, or QuioLA, E. lon,
39. S. lat. 10. a port town of Zan<
guebar, on the E. coafl of Africa,
fit. 300 m. N. of Mofambiquc, fub.
to Portugal, or at leaft tributary to
that crown j to this country the I'or-
tuguefe of Bral'il fend every year to
purchal'e Negroes.
QuiMPER, W. lon. 4. lat. 4$!,
a city of France, in the pr. of Bri-
tany, fit. 34 m. S. E. of Bref>,
QUIMPERLAY, W. lon. 3. 25.
Lit. 47. 50. a town of France in the
pr. of Britany, fit. 14 m. N, W. of
Port Lewis.
QoiNGEY, E. lon. 6. lat. 47. 7,
a town of France, in the pr. of
Franche-compte, fit. 10 m. S. W. of
Bcfanjon.
Q^ I N Q.V E EcCLESIiC, Set
FivK Churches.
Q^ INT IN (St.) E. Ion. 3. 16.
lat. 40 55. a town of Franc , in
the pr. of Pican^y^ fit. 35 m. £. of
Amiens*
Quit TO, the moft northerly pr,
of Peru, in S. America, is bounded
by the pr. of Popayan on the N.
by the country of the Amazons on
the E. by the pr. of Lima on the
S. and by the Pacific ocean on the
W. being 400 miles long, and zoo
broad.
QuiTTo CiTT, W. Ion. 78. S.
lat. 30 mm. cap. of the prov. of
Quiiio, fit. 100 m. £. of the I'a-
cihc ocean, and 140 m. N. of Gu.
iaquil } a rich populous city, thi
feat of the government, a univcrfity,
ond fee of a bifhop. The country
produces fugar, fait, and cattlt{
and gold is found in the Candi
of their riven. The flat country
is flooded great part of the year by
the periodical raini, U other coun.
trici ate that lie near the e(}uato> >
R A ■
R A
and tho' the waters make the couo- in S. Ametica, in the pr. of N««*
tiy unhealthful, yet the riches found Granada, fit. on the coaft of the N,
here make it as well peopled as any fea, loo m. E. of St. Martha, near
part oi Spanifh America. which is a rich copper mine.
Quixos, the N. E. divifion of Rambervillkrs, £. Ion. 6.
the pr. of Quitto, in Peru, in S. A- 30. lat. 48. ao. a city of Germany,
in:rica, fub. to Spain. in the D. of Lorrain, fit. 30 m. S. £•
of Nancy ; fub. to France.
_ Ramekins, E. Ion v 35. lat.
51. 30. a foitrcfs of the Unit' i
Provinces, in the pr. of Zcland, fii*
on the S. coaft of the iflc of Wal-
chcren, 5 miles S. of Middleburg.
1 his was ©ne of the fortrefles put
R A
R
AAB, E. Ion. 18. lat. 48. a
city of the Lower Huni;ary, into the poflelVion of the En^Urti by
jji. at the confluence of the rivers
Dar.ube and Raab, oppofue to the
jile of Schut, 55 m. W. of Budd j
fub. to the houte oi Auliria.
Rackelsbvrg, £. Ion. 16. 16.
the Dutch, as a ffcurity for their
fiJi'lity, in the reign of Queen Eli-
zabeth.
Ramer A, E. Ion. 4. ac. lat. 48.
30. a town of France, in tlie pr. of
lit. 47. 8. a town of Germany, in Champain, fir. on the river Aube,
the cir. of Auftria, and D. of Sliria, 18 m. N. E. of Troves.
(it. on the river Diave, 23 m, S, t.
vi Gratz.
Raclia, one the icaft of the
ifiiiuls of the ArchipcLfo, near the
;ll.md of Nio, not inhabited.
Rauicufani, E. ion. 12. 40*
lit. 4a. 50. a tovkn ot ItJly, in the
U. of 1 ukany, 40 m. S. ot Sienna.
Radnor, W. Ion. 3. 6. lat. 52,
20. cip. of the CO. of Radnor, in
WjI.s, (it. 25 m. N.VV. of Hereford,
ftum vvluncc the nobl*; family of
Rami L Lies, E. Ion. 4. 50. lat,
50. 46. a inuill town vf the Au-
Urian Netherlands, in the prov. of
Brabant, fit. 10 m. N. of Namiir,
ami 24 m, S. E. of BrulVels, rendered
memorable by the victory obtained by
the confederates, commanded by the
L). o! Marlborough, over the Frenih
and Bivarinnf, commanded by Mai-
fhil Villeroy and the D. of Bavaiia,
12 May, 1706, O. S. when the
French loft moft of their artil!ci\,
Roberts take the title of Eirlj ftnJs bag^^age, and coloins j and Ufidis
one member to parliament. thufc that were killed, the confcde-
RA j am a hai., E. Ion. S6. 30. lat. rates took 6000 prifoncrs : where-
24. 30. a city of the Hither India, upon the cities of l.ouvain, BrnlTf 1»,
in Afia, lit, on the river Ganges, Mn.hlin, Ghent, Oudcnard, Bu.gr;,
Ijo m. N. of Hueijly. Antwerp, and many otlur placis in
K^jAPouR, or Ratepouk, the Netluilaods, m;idc their fubni !•
E. Ion. 77. lat. 22. a town of the fion, and acknowledged Charles IM,
Hither India, in the pr. of Candich, Tecond fon of the late Emperor, Leo-
fit, a little N. of Brampour, 300 m, pold, their fovercign ; Jofcph, Irs
E. of Surat. eldcrt brother, being then poftellcj
Rain, E. Ion, 11. la'. 48. 45. ol the imperial throne.
• town of Germany, in the cir. of Ramsey, W. ion. 5 min. lat.
nav.iria, fit. on the S. fide of the
Danube, 20 m. W. of Ingolftit,
Rakomcx, E. Ion. I V 4^' l^^*
50. fir. ij 111. W. of Prague i fub.
to the houfe of Aufi4ia.
Ramaija, W. Ion. 72. -^o. Kit,
111 ju. a pott town of Terra ^irma,
52. 26, a market town of Huntin^*
ton(hire, fit. in the fens on the con-
fines of the ifle of Ely, 10 m. N. F,
ot Huntington.
Ramsey, W. Ion. S* *o» 'at.
51. 5;. an iHand in the Iri/h char.*
ncl, on the coaft of Fcrobrokefliiie^
R A
R A
lit. 15 m. N. W. of Milford Haven,
and 4 m. W. of St. David's.
Ramsgate, £. Jon. i. 22. lat.
51. 20. a port town of Kent, fit,
near the Downs, between the North
and South FoieUnd, 8 m, N. E. of
Canterbury.
Ranchiera, W. Ion. 71, bt.
II. 54 a port town of Terra Firma,
is S. America, in the pr, of New
Cranada, fit. on the coaft ( f the N,
ivi\, between the town of Rit) de la
Hache and Cape de Vc!j, near which
was a nth pearl-fifhfry wljcn the
Spaniards invaded this country ; and
here they deftroyed multitudes of
Imiian?, in forcing them to dive for
pf.ii!? In^ycnd their Ihength, and
ctiier hard/hirs ;md opprelTions.
Ranijom, or Radom, E. Ion.
21. Jat. <ji. •^v 1 town (f l^iiland,
in the |»r. of Little Tolapd, anii pal,
cf S.ir.clijinir, fit. 70 m. S. of War-
law.
Rantzow, E. Ion. ic. 2C, lat.
54. 45. n t'lwn of Germany, in ilie
cir. of Lower S.>xi ny, and I), of
I-f(.lflein, fit. 21 m. N, of Lubctk j
iub. to Denmaik,
Raolconua, E. Ion. 79. lat.
17. 12. a city <'f the Hither ludia,
Jn Alia, fit. in the pr. of Colconda,
120 m. N. W. of NLdfulapatan, and
150 m. N. E, of Gokonda, near
which is a rich diamond mine j (ub.
to the Moguh
Rapali.o, E. Ion. 10. lat. 44,
25. ;» to'vn ot Genoa, fit. on the
fea coaft, 10 m. S, E. of the city
of Genoa.
Rapolla, E. Ion. 16. 26. lat.
41.. a town of Italy, in the K. of
Naples, and pr. of the Bafilica'e, fir.
66 m. E, of Naples, and 60 m. W,
of Barii.
R/* pp AHANocK, a large naviga-
ble river, which riling in the moun-
tains W. of Virginia, in America,
rum from the N. W. to ilie S. E.
thro* that pr. difcharging itfelf into
the bay < f Che.'epeak.
Rapp KKsw cit., E. Ion. 8. 4^.
lat. 47. 15. 4 town of Switzerland,
6t. m UiC canton^ auxl oq the lake
of Zurich, 17 m. S. E. of the city
of Zurich.
Rasebubg, E. Ion. 23. lat. 60.
5.2. a port town of Sweden, in the
pr. of Finland, and ter. of NylanJ,
fit. on the gulph of Finland, 50 m,
S. W, of Abo.
Rasen, W. Ion. 12 min. Lit.
5^. 22. a market town of Lincoli)-
fliire, fit. 12 m. N. E. of Lincoln.
Ras r at, E. Ion. 14. S. lat. 47,
35. a town of Germany, in the t r,
ofDavaria, and ardib. of Saltzbu.g,
fit. on the river Ens, 35 m. S, of
the city of Ens.
Rastat, E. Ion. 8. lat. 4^.
45. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Suabii, and mar. of Baden, lit.
on the E. fide of the river Rhiri»,
21 m. S. W. ot Pnihpiburg, fub. to
the mar. of BaJen. Here the pcjce
was concluded in 1714, between the
Emperor Charles VI. and the empre
on one fide, and France on the oti.tr.
Ratipor, or Ratibor, E.
Ion. 17.40. hit. 50. 12. a town of
Bohemia, in the D. of Silcfia, fit.
on the river Oder, j6 m. N. E. uf
Troppaw.
Ratipor, E. Ion. 80, lat. a;;,
a city of the Hither India, in Afi.i,
cap. of the pr, of Malva, fit, ico n),
S. E. of Agra,
Ratisbon, or Recensblp '^j
E. Ion. 12. 5. lat. 49. a city nt C-.t-
many, in the cir. of Bavaria, lit.
at the confluence of the rivets Da-
nube and Rcjz'-n, 62 m. N. E. of
Munich, and 6z N. W. of Paliau.
A free imperial city, or fovere ;;n
flare, large, populous, well-bu.!r,
plcafantiy fituateJ, furrounded w.th
a double wail and other fottificafios>,
but too large to be defended withcut
an army, and therefcre confiartly
fubmits to the power that is maftcr
of the field. Here the Diet, or
AlTembly of the States of the Fm-
pile, ufually met till the lall u'i^:n,
when they were prevented by the
civil wars. The place where the
D'ct meets is a l.irge upper room,
hong with tapeflry, the imprrial
thr^JM and fcatt cuvertd with g^id
R A
R A
tnd filver tlHue and velvet, fultable
to the dignity of the members, who
aie mod of them Princes of the em-
pire, or their reprefentatives. This
city is governed by its own magi-
flrates, and is not Aibjedl to the D.
of Bavaria, whofe territories furround
thofe of this city- Tl>e Lutheian
peifuafion is cflablifhed here, only
the Popifh bifh, (at prefcnt the bio-
ther of the Eledtor of Cologn) and
uncle of the D. of Bavaria, has the
liberty of faying mafs in the cathedral
once a week. The city is plentifully
fupplied with proviijons, their tcrrito-
ricb furni(hing them with corn, cattle,
and excellent wine, and they have a
b.iik trade in time of peace, lying
Upon the fineA navigable river in £u«
ti'pe, which runs thro' the heart of
Ijcrniany. The concourfe < f peop'e
is exceeding great here, \\hen the
Diet is fitting, which ul'ed to be the
gieatcll part of •he year before the
late troubles in the empire.
Rattan. SccRuatan.
Ratzebvrc, E. Ion. ii. lat.
54. 5. a (ity of Germany, in the
Ljwer cir. of Saxony, and D. of
Lawenburg, fit. on a lake of the
fame name, 7 m. S. of Lubi'ck.
Ratzia, the eallcrn divifiun of
Sclavunia, the people called Raf-
ciansi Tub. to the huul'e of Audru.
Rava, £. Ion. zo. lat. 52, a city
of Gieat I'oland, cap. of the pal. of
R.iva, fir. 50 m. S. W. of Wariaw.
Raucuux, E. Ion. 5. 40. lat.
50. 40. a village of the Bifhopric of
Licge, in the cir. of Weltpiialia, in
liL-rninny, iit. 3 tn. N. of Liege>
and II miles South of Maeftricht,
whire 3 battle was fought between
the allies commanded by I'riiice
Chailes of Lorrain, .ind the French
commanded by the Marihal Count
Saxe, Ott, 1746,
RnVEiLA, E. Ion. 15. lat, 40.
/;o. a port town oi lialy in the K,
ot Naples, ami Hither Pnncipat. fit.
on the N. fide of the guiph of Sa-
Itrno, ao m. S. of Naplct ; the fee
if a ti(h.
KAVjDNotAi, W, loflf 3. 3, lat.
54. 20. a poit town of Currbeiland^
ill. on the Irilh channel, 15 m. S«
of Cockermouth, and 3^ m. S. W«
of Carllde.
Ravknna, E. Ion. 13. lat. 44,
30. a city of Italy, in the Pope'»
ter. capital of" the pr. of Romania,
fit. in a flat country, 3 ni. W. of
the gulph of Venice, 53 m. E. of
Bolun'j, and 60 m. N.E. of Flo-
rence, being cncompafl'ed by 2 fmall
rivers. Its ancient fituation re-
fcmblcd that of Venice, being bulls
on feveral ifl.inJs, and it was thro
cfteemed one of the beft harbours the
Romans had j but the fea is new re-
tired above 3 m. from it, and that
which was foimcrlya lake, is no^
a fine fruitful field. This city \va»
the refidence of many Gothic K.ii>gs,
and afterwards the capital of the
cartern Emperors dominions in Italy,
where their lixarchs, or Viceroys,
refided, Pepia, King of France,
who fubducd this country, gave Ru-
venna, with moft of 'l.e territorica
which belonged to the laftern Em-
perors in Italy, to the Pope, who
llill lemains in jxiirenion of them.
The foil about this city, which has
been made by the lea, is fo agreeable
to vines, that they grow ro an in-
aedible fize j planks of 12 feet in
length, and 5 in breadth, 'tis faid,
have been cut out of the timber of
thci"* v'ncs. This city is ftill the fee
of an archb. but is not coni.Jerable,
at pr • *, ff'ther for its buildingi,
rafiiCj - ft/crgth,
9 / . I. ,> ;bvkg, E. ton. 9. 3i;«
lat. '7.45. 3 town of Germany, in
the cir. <'f So S'l, fit. 20 m. N, E»
<M TonOmcc} fub. to the houfe of
Aulhia.
RAvr.NSiJuiif;, T.. Ion. 8. lar.
52. 15. a city of Germany, in the
cir. of Wcfiphaliu, capital of the co«
of RjvcnAiurg j Tub. to the K. ot'
PruHia ; fit. 2S m. S. W. of Min-
dcn, and 30 m. N E. of Munflcr.
RAvr.^TZiN, £. Ion. f^.^o. lat.
51.40. a city I't C-utih Brabaiir, fir.
on the river M-.", 10 m. S. W. oi
NiiBciiueu, and 16 W.of Clccvc.
R E
R E
Rayleigh, E. Ion. 40 min. lat.
51. 37. a market town ot ElTex, fit,
20 w. S. E. of Chelmsfoti).
Reading, W. Ion. i. lat. 51.
25. a burcugh town in Berkihire,
fit. 40 m. W, of London, near the
confluence of the rivers Kenoet and
Thames j fends two members to par-
liament.
Kjf AL, or Chiapa, W. Ion. 97.
lat. 17. a city of Mexico, in Ncrili
America, capital of the pr. of Chi-
apa, fit. 60 m. S. of the bay of
Campeachy, and 270 m.E. ot Aca-
pulco, fub. to Spain.
ReaL£io, W. Ion. 91. 30. lat.
12. a port town of Mi xico in North
Ameiica, in the pr, of Nicaia^ua,
fit. on a bay of the I'a .fie ocean, 60
ri. W. of Leon, and the lake vi
Nicaragua.
Realmont, E. ion. i. 50. lit.
43. 50. a town oi France, in ihc pr.
of Langucduc, fir. yj- ni. N. E. uf
Touiuule.
Rebel, E. Ion. 12,42, lat, 53.
aS. a town ot Geim-ny, in the l>.
of Mccklent'Uigh, (it. on a lake 32
itJ. S. E. of Gult'.ow.
Rkcanati, E. U,t\. 15. bt. 43.
7; 5. a town of Iti'ly, in the Pope's
tcr. and pr. of Ajicona, fit. 6 m. W.
of Loi'.-'tc.
Red Russia, or Little Rus-
• JA, a pr. of Poland, bounded by
the pr. of HolfJia on the N. Ly Vol
hinia and Podolia on the E, by the
Caipatnian ni( untains, whiih diviOe
it trom 'i'rrinliivania and Ilungaiy,
on the S. and by ihe pr. of Little
PolanJ on the W. being 2Cu m.
k>ng, and 100 bioad, and compre-
hend* tliv' palatinates ot Chdni, lielis,
and Lt-mbcrg.
RtuRoiM, W. Ion, 5.40. lat.
<0. 17. a nijiktt town of Cornwall,
fit. 50 m. S. W. ol LiunctlUn.
Red Sea, fep.iaic!i Alia from
Africa.
R K fi KN, a river of Germany,
U'lii>.h ririi>g in the m'.unt^ins th.tt
dividf Uvjhcmia from Havaria, runs
frcm E. to \V. thro* part of Havana,
f»il*Dg tiito the UoAuiitc u; RuLtlbun.
Reggio £. Ion. it, lat, 44,
45. 4 city cf Italy, in the Duchy of
Modena, fit. 15 m. N, W. ot Mo-
dena; the fee of a bifh, fub, to liie
D. of Mudena.
Reggio, E, Ion. 15. 50. la^
38. 28, a port town ol Italy, in ti;e
K. of Naples, ani Further Calabrij,
fit, on the Itrait of MelVina, oppcfus
to Mdlina, in Sicily j the lee ot »
bifh,
Regina, E. Ion. 16. 3?. lat.
39, 35.3 town of the K. ol Nap!c>,
u) thi- Hither Calabria, fit. 14 m.
N. ot Coienza.
Remiremont, E. Ion. 6. 28,
lat. 48. 6. a town of Germany, la
the D. of Lorrain, fit. on the nvtr
Mofellc, 45 m. S. of Nancy.
Renfkew, W. Ion. 4. 20, lat.
55. 50. capital of the fhire ot Rin.
frew, in Scotland, fit. on the r.ver
Clyde, 46 m. W. of Edniburgh.
Rlnnes, W. Ion. I. 45. lat. 4?.
5. a city of Fiance, capital ol ilic
pi . of liritany, fit. on the r.ver Vil-
iainc, 50 m. N. of Nanls.
Rent I, E. Ion. 2. 5. lat. 50.
35. a town ot the Ficnch Nithtr*
lands, in the pr, of Artois, Hi. 9 i;i.
S. W. of St. OmtTS.
Reoi.e, W. Ion. 16 min. 1 *.
44. 25. a town of France, in Uic
pr. of Gu'ennc, fit. on the riv«r
Garonne, 30 m. S. E. of Bour*
dcaux.
Re PK 11 AM, E. Ion. l. is;. !»?•
52. 46. a market town ot N^iloik,
lit. S m, N. W. of Norwich.
Rkclukna, \V. l.m. 1. 20. Lt,
39, 2G. a tovMi ot Spam, in the pr.
ot New Caltile, on ihe coiiiincs vt
Vai':iiC:a, lit. on the livcr O.ian-i,
45 m, W. ul Valencia.
Res cut, t. Ion. 50. lai. 3^'. >
city of Perfia, capital of the pi. ur
Gian, fit. on the S. W. coait wt tho
C.tipian tea, Xio w, N ot <>alb,ii.
Kkti-'oiu), VV, ion 4S miM. l.t.
•" . . • "t, a borvMijth town of Nutting*
1 tinlJnre, fjr. 7.^ rn. N. of Nuttmi-
ham i lends two members t*; par*
li.iment.
RiiHjtx., E. loa, 4. 14- '^f*
4 -li/'
R H
R H
49. 3T. a town of France, in the
pr. 01 Champain, fit. on the river
Aifiic, x6 m. N. E. of Rhcims.
Retlingen, E. long. 9. ht,
48. 18. a town of Gernr)ai»y, in the
cir. of Suabia, and D. ot Wirlcmlerg,
fit. 20 m. S. of Stutgatt, an impe-
rial city, or fovereign ftate.
Revel, E. Ion. 24. Ut. 59. a
port town of Livonia, in the divifion
of Lftonia, or Eart Land, fit. at the
S. entrance of the gulph of Finland,
J40 m. N, of Riga, ai.d no m. W.
ot Narva. It is a laigc civy, ami h.is
a ccmmcdious harbour, v\iKre part
of the royal navy of Ruliia is ulualiy
laid up. When the Czar invaded
this country, multitudes of people
fltid hither, to avoid the baibarous
C'c.IVjcs in his army, but the plague
ha| iJ''i)iiig there, at the fan e time,
bpssardsof <o,oco people were fwfpt
avvav by that ailiemper, in ihib city.
Rkvebo, L. Ion. II. 30. lat.
41;, a town oi Italy, in the D. of
Mantua, fit. on the S. of the Po,
cppi-lite to 0(tiglia, 15 m. S, E. of
Mjiitua J tub. to the iioufc of Au-
RjLVGATE, or Rygate, W.
Ion. 15 min. lat, 51. 15. a borough
t>;\vn jn Surrey, fit. 22 m. a. W. of
Lundon, and 14. m. E. of Guild lotd j
fends two members to pariianicnt.
Rezanskoi, or Rezan, E.
Ion. 41. lat. 55. a city uf Kufliii,
capital of the pr. of Rezan, fit. < n
the river Ocka, 85 nulc;. S. E. ot
Molcuw.
Rh ALADERCW Y, W, k>np, 3,
^,3. lat. 52. 25. a m.ul-et t'>wn vt
Radiiorihire, in Wales, lit. 15 m,
W. of Radnor.
Rhe, or Rke, W, Ion. i. 30.
lat. 46. ?4. a little itl.md in the t<ay
of 111 ciy, iitur rhe coalt of Aunis,
in Ftancc, ht. 7 m. W. of Roihcik-,
whTC the EnglKh made an un'ur-
tunite dckeiit, under the comniand
of the Duke oi Bucks, in order to
relieve the ProtclLinis befic^cd in
Ki'chcllf, in tlic reign of King
Ch.iilcb 1,
Xu£iMs, or Reims. £« iun. <i.
laf. 49. 20. a city of France, caplfal
of the pr. of Champain, lit, 75 m.
N.E. oi Paris, one of the molt ele-
gant cities in the Kingdom. Here
IS kept the holy oil ufed at the ccn-
fecration of their Kings j which,
according to their tradition*, was
brought from heaven by a dove : the
archbiihop of this lee has the right of
CLnftcrating their Kings, and is the
firft Duke and Peer ot France.
Rhinebubg, E. long. 6. lat.
51. 30. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of the Lower Riiine, and Elcc-
toiate of (JoJogn, fit. 15 m. E, of
Celdtr.
RjllNEFIELD, E. Jon. 7. lat.
47. 30. a town of Germany, in the
cii. or Suibia,fil. on the Rhine^ 8 m,
E. of Bafil, one ot the forelt towns j
fub. to the houfe of Aulbia,
Rhinjlkiki D, E. long. 7. 30,
lat. 50. 15. a town of Geimany,
capital of the co. of Rhinefield, fit.
Ill the cir. ot the Upper Rhine, r6
m. N. W. of Mentz j fub, to ific
Land^tave of Htfle-RhineHcld.
Rhink Loweh ciRCfE, con-
fills of the pal. ot tht- Rhine and the
3 e' clclialtual Elei^luraics, V12. tho^e
of Mcntz, Triers, ana c ologn j .ill
ot v\iiich lie upon tlic liver Rhine.
Rhine r i v e ii, riles m the
Cffuntry of the Grifons, in Switzer-
land, and lunnmg N. by Cmre,
(.ontinucs its courle till it forms a
ukc, called the lake < f Conliance,
from whence it luins W. p.iiliiig by
the cities ot Conffance an^l S^h.»llau-
fen, and having vifited Bafil, tuns
from thence diiedtly Notth, dividing
Suabia trutn Al atia, then it runs
thru* the palatinate, and receiving
the Neckai, the Maine, and the
Mofcile, continues its courle N. by
Mcn.z, Lobientz, and Culugn, en«
tring the Netherlands at .skenkin-
chaiis, rtlter vvhi>.h it is divideJ into
Icveral channeiii, the two largcil
whereof (^bta;n ihc n.ime ot the
l^rtli and the Wa.il, vvlnih running
W. tliro' the Liiiiied l'ioviiKe'>, 1-
char^e themlcivts into the Gernian
kJif bds>w KolUtdaDi; the anctenc
iwiiuime]
-
R H
R I
channel of the Rhine, which fell
into the Tea a little to the W. of
Leyden, being entirely choaked up
and lolh
Rhine Upper ; the circle con-
Tided of the Ian. of Alfatia, and the
Ian. of Hdl'e, comprehending the
Wettcraw, but only Hellc can be
accounted a part of Germany, at
prefenr, France having united Aiiace
to that Kingdom.
Rhinezabern, W. Ion. 8. lat.
49. a town of Germany, in the pal.
of the Rhine, and biih. of Spiies,
iit. 18 m. S, W. of Spires,
Rhopes, £. Ion. 28. lat. be-
tween 36 and 37. 'in iHand of Afiatic
Turky, fit. in the Mediterranean,
ao m. S. W, of the continent of the
l^fler Afia, 70 m. N. E, of the
ifland of Candia, being about 50 m*
Jung, and 25 broad. It produces
plenty of good wine and fruit, and
every thing elfe that can render life
agreeable, except corn, which they
are obliged to fetch from the neigh-
bouring continent.
Rhodes citv, E. Ion. 28. lat.
36. 20. cap. of the idand ')( Rhodes,
fit. on the N. £. cuaft of the iflanJ,
having a fecure and commodious har-
bour. The town it about 3 ni. in
circumferencr:, elegantly built by
the Knights of St. John of Jeru-
falem, who were in poileHion of it
200 years. It is defended by three
walls and as many moats, with other
works, which render it one of the
ilrongeft fortrciles in the Grand
Signior's dominions ; and hither he
ufualiy fends prifcners of flate, fuch
as the Chams of Tartary, and Huf-
podars of Walachia nnd Moldavia,
when he l'Mrpe(^s their fidelity. The
inhabitant! cunfift of Turks, Jews,
and Chriftiar bu ihe Chnilians
are not fuifered co remain within the
walls, in th; ight time. A\. the
mouth of iht harbour of Rhodes,
which is 50 fathoms wide, ftood the
colofTus of brafs. efteemcci one of
the wonders of the world, one foot
being placed on one (ide of the har-
bour, and Uie other iuct on \Uc other
fide, fo that fliips pafTed between in
legs. The face of the coiolfus re
prefented the fun, to whom this
i mage was dedicated. The height of
it was 70 cubits (about 35 yards) and
it held in one hand a light-hou'e
for the direction of mariners. The
Rhodians were once the moft con-
fiderable maritime power in the
Mediterranean, and inftituted law:
for the regulation of navigation and
commerce, called the Rhodian laws,
by which maritime caufes were de-
fided in all the provinces of the Ro.
man Empire. The Knights of St,
John of Jerufalem being obliged to
retire from Falelline, invaded this
ifland^ and took it from the Turks,
about the year 1308, and defended
it againft all the power of that Em-
pire, till the year 1522, when being
obliged to abandon it fo a fupcriur
force, the Emperor afterwards con«
ferr'd the ifland of Malta on the
Knights, of which they remain in
polIeHion, though the Turks have
made great cfibrts tc difpoHels them
of it.
Rhone, one of the largcft river j
in France, rifes in the mountain la
Fourche, one of the Alps in Swit-
zerland, and running W. thru' the
country called the Valais, divides it
into two parts, then paHing thru' the
lake of Geneva, vifits that city, from
whence its runs S. W. to Lyons in
France, where joining the river
Soane, it continues its courfe due
S. pafling by Orange, Avignon, and
Aries, falls into the Medirerrane;<n
to the weftward of Marfeilles. There
are feveral cataiadh in the upper
part of the river, fo that it is not
navigable till 4 or 5 leagues btlow
Geneva, and it runs afterwards with
that impetuous force, tha'>. it is very
difficult getting velVcls up the ihijtn.
RiBBLR, a river which riles m
the Wert-riding of Yorkfhire, lun^
S. W. crofs (.ancadiire, and falls intj
the Irifh channel iclow Hrellon,
RiBMis, E. Ion. 12. 45. br,
54. 20* a town of Germany, m
ihc cir« of Lowex Saxony, and D'
R I
R I
•f Mcchlenburgh, fit. on a bay of the
Baltic Tea, 40 m. E. of Wifmar.
RicHLiEu, E. Ion. 25 min. lar.
47. a town of France, in the pr. of
Orleanois, and tcr. of Poidou, fit,
16 m. N. of Poiftiers.
Richmond, W. Ion. 12 min,
Jat. CI. 30. a royal village in the
CO. of Surrey, fit. 10 m les W. of
London, formerly the refulence of
the Kings of England, and where
there are ftill the remains of a mag-
nificent palace, and feveral little
palaces, belonging to the prefent
royal family, with an exceeding
pleafant park and gardens j and up-
on Richmond. hill, above the town,
aie the moft beautiful profpefts ima-
^inabl?.
Richmond, W. Ion. i. 30. Jat.
54 10. 2. borough town in the N,
viilin;: of Yorkrtiite, fit. '^■^ m. N.W.
of York ; fends two members to par-
liament.
RiES, E. Ion. 55. lat. 43.45. a
town of France, in the pr. of Pro-
vence, fit. 27 m. N. E. of Aix.
RiETi, E. Ion, 14. Iat.42. 25,
a town of Itily, in the Pope's ter.
and D. of Spoletto, fit, on the con-
fines of Naples, 63 miles Eaft of
Rome.
RiEux, ^. Ion. 1, lat, 43. 20.
a town of France, in the pr. of
Linguedoc, fit. on the confines of
Gafcony, 22 miles S. of Touloufe j
the fee of a bi(hop,
Rica, E. Ion. 24. lat. 57. a
city ml port town of Livonia, in
the divifion of Lcttenland, fir. near
the mouth of the river Dwina,
and a bay of the Baltic Tea, one of
the bi A harbours and tr-iding towns
in the Baltic, from whence the Dutch
import corn, naval- ftores, &c. and
the EnpllHi and other nation-,- traffic
with this city, but not with fuch ad-
vantage as the Dutch, who exchange
th'ir herrings for the merchjriaize
of RtifTia, to which crown Rifi, ^nd
tlie rert of Livo'-'n, is at prefent fub-
jedl. Soe Livonia,
RiGNANo, or Regoano, E.
wn. 13. lat. 4i. i^. a town of Italy,
In the Pope's ter. and St, Peter's pa-
trimony, fit. 11; m. N. of Rome,
RjMiNi, E. Ion. 13. 30. Ijf,
44. 8. a port town of Italy, in the
Pope's ter, and pr. of Romania, fit.
on the gulph of Venice, 28 m. S. E,
of Ravenna ; the fee of a bifhop.
RiNGwooD, W. long. 2. lat,.
50, 50, a market town of Hamp-
fhire, fit. 25 miles S, W. of Wm-
chefler.
RiNTELE, or RiNTELIN, E,
Ion, 9. lat, 52. 15. a town of Ger-
many, in the cir. of Weftphalia, and
CO. of Schawenburg, fit. on the river
Wefer, 35 m, S.W, of Hanover, fub,
to the Landgrave of Hetre-CafTel.
Rio Grande, a river of Terni
Firm.i, in South America, which rifes
almoft under the equator, and runs
N. thro' Terra Firma, falling into
the North Tea, between Cartagena
and St. Martha,
Rio Grande, a river of Africi,
which runs from E. to W. thro'
Ncgroland, and falls into the At-
lantic ocean in 11 degrees of N. lat.
fuppofed to be a branch of the river
N;ger,
Rio DE laHacha, See
Hack a.
Rio Janeiro, a river of South
America, \/hich rifes in the moun-
tains W, of Brazil, and running E,
crofs that pr, falls into the Atlantic
ocean, almoft under the tropic of
Capricorn. This river gives name
to one of the richcft provinces fub.
to the I'ortugueze in Brazil, from
whence they import a great deal of
gold, filver, d amonds, and ether
precious ftones, annually,
RiOM, E. Ion, 3. 13. lat. 4^.
50. a town of Fra/ire in the pr. of
Lionois, an J tcr. of Auvcrgiic, 7 m«
N. of Clermont.
RipAii. LI, E. Inn. 6. "jO. iat,
46. TO. a town of Savoy, fit. on the
S. fide of the lake of Geneva, 20 m,
N. E. ol the city of Geneva, where
there IS a monaf^erv of Carthufiar.s,
remarkable for its fine extcnfive
piofpeil:?,
KlPATFANSONX, E.lon. If,!;,
iat.
'i
RO
R O
lat. 4ft. 50. a town of Italy, in the
Pope's ter. and mar. of Ancona, fit.
on the confines of Naples, 6 m. W.
of the gulph of Venice,
Ripen, £. Ion. 9. lat. 5;. 30.
a city and port town of N. Jutland,
capital of the pr. of Ripen, fit. 60
m. S. of Wiburg ; fubjeA to Den-
mark.
RlTHMAS MOUNTAINS, Ht.
in Mofcovy^ N, E. of the river
Obey.
Ripley, W. Ion. 1. zi, lat. 54.
6. a town in Yorkfliire, fit. 20 m.
N. W. of York.
RippoN, W. Ion. I. 16. lat. 54,
12. a borough town of YorkHiire,
fit. 21 miles N. W, of York, confi-
derabie for its manufactures of hard-
ware, efpecially fpuif,
RisBORouGH, W. Ion. 50 min.
lat. 51. 40. a market town of Bucks,
fir. 12 m. S. of Ailefbury.
RiTBEKG, £. Ion. 8. lat. 51.
50. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Wedphaiia, fit. 35 m. S. £. of
Munfter.
RivA, E. Ion. II. lat. 46. 30.
a city of Italy, at the N. end of the
lake de Garda, 16 miles S. W. of
Trent,
RivADEC,W. Ion. 7. 10. lat.43.
36. a city and port town of Spain,
in the pr. of Galicia, Cit. on a bay of
the fea, 37 m. N. W. of Oviedo.
RivoLE, E. Ion. II. 5. lat. 45.
30. a town of Italy, in the pr. cf
Verona, fit. on the E. fide of the
lake de Garda, 20 m. W. of Vero-
na ; fub. to Venice.
RivoM, E. Ion. 7. 25. lat. 45.
a town of Italy, in the pr. of Pied-
mont, fit. 7 m. W. of Turin.
Roan. See Rouen.
RoANE, E. long. 4. lat. 46. a
town of France, in the pr. of l.ionois,
and ter. of Forez, fit. on the river
Loyre, 40 m. N. W. of Lyons.
RoANoAK, W. long. 75. lat.
35. 40. an ifland of North America,
near the coaft of Albemarle county,
in Noith Carolina. Here the Englifh
fettled one of their fii ft colonics in A-
dCrica, anno 1^85, but v; eie ubl^ed
to abandon it, the colony not being
fupplied and reinforced in due time.
Rochdale, W. Ion. z. 6, lat,
53. 36. a market town of Lanca.
fhire, fit. 32 m. S. E. of LancaHer.
Rochefoucaut, E. long. 30
min. lat. 45. 45. a town of France,
in the pr. of Orleanois, and ter. of
Angoumois, fit. 1 5 miles £. of An.
goulefme,
Rochelle, W. Ion. i. 5. lat.
46. 7« a city and port town of
France, in the pr. of Orleanois, and
ter. of Aunis, fir, on the bay of
Btfcay, oppofite to the iHe of Rec,
70 m. S. W. of Poi6liers. This was
the laft city the French Proteft.ints
held out againll their King ; they
folicited the afiiftance of the King of
England to defend them, and the
Duke of Bucks was thereupon leiit
with a great fleet and army to Ro-
chelle, but when he arrived thfrr,
the Rochellers unaccountably re.
fufcd to admit him into the town ;
and he returned without efieding
any thing more than attacking a
little fort in the iflc of Ree, which
he could not take ; feverai other
attempts were made afterwards to
relieve the Rochellers in vain. They
at length furrendred, upon articles,
to the French Kinj;, Lewis XIII. on
the Sth of Otlobcr, 162S.
Rochester, E. Ion. 34 min,
lat. 51. 22. a city of Kent, fit. on
the river Modway, 30 miles E. of
London, and 22 W, of Canterbury.
The bridge over the IVfedway makes
a much grander appearance thin
London bridge, there being no
houfes upon it, and an iron palifade
running along the walls, the \\ho]c
length of it. The tide feems to niri
with a much greater force thro' thii
bridge, than thro' London bridge,
RocHFORi), E. long. 44 min.
Ion. 51. 34. a market town of Elilx,
fit. 33 m. E. of London, and 15 m.
S. £• of Chelmsford.
RocHFORT, W, Ion. I. lat. 46.
a port town of France, in the pr. ot
Guicnne, and ter. of Saintonge, iit.
neat the o^ttuth of the rivet Chattn.
^ - - u»
R O
R O
ifff.
\. m.n,
fit. on
E. of
ttlluiy,
nukes
ttun
ng m
paiifade
\\ hole
to r,n
ro' thii
dgc.
min,
i I ; 1)1.
4
lat.46.
pr, ot
i|i,p, lit.
t«, 23 m. S. of Rochelle. It is a
6ne I'lrge town, built by the late
King Lewis XIV. and made one of
the ftations of the royal navy of
France, having a commodious har-
bour, well fecured by forts and bat-
teries of guns.
Rock of Lisbon. SeeRoxiNT
Cafe.
Rockingham, W. Ion. 50 min.
lat. 52. 30. a market town of North-
ampton/hire, fit. 19 m. N. of North-
ampton.
Ruckles, orRoEULx, E. Ion.
4, lat, 50. 34. a town of the Au-
ftrian Netherlands, in the pr. of
Hainalt, fit. 8 m. £. of Mons.
RocKBO, a great river, which
ri es in the pr. of Yunan, in China,
in Afia, and running S. thru' the
K. ot Tonquin, falls into the bay
oF Cochin-China^ in ai degrees N.
lat.
RocROv, E. Ion. 4. 16. lat. 50. a
town of France, in the pr. of Cham-
pain, fit. on the confines of Hainalt,
31 m. S. of Namur.
RonnuRY, W. Ion. i, 40. lat.
55. 25. a market town of North-
umberland, fit. 30 m, N. W. of
NTwcaAlc.
RonEz, £. Ion. 2. 8. lat. 44.
ao. a city of France, in the pr. of
Guicnne, and ter. of Rovergne, fit.
60 m. N. E. of Touloufe.
RoDRiGO. See Castel Ro-
DRico, in Portugal.
RoER, a river of Germany, which
rifes on the confines of Heile, and
running W, thro' Weftphalia, falls
into thj Rhine, a little below Duy-
Iburg.
Ro E R , a river of Germany, which
riling in the D. of Juliers, runs N.
thro' that Duchy, palling by the city
ot Juliers, and falls into the Maele
at Roermond.
RoKRMOND, E. Ion. 5. 33. lat.
5t. 18, fit, at the confluence of the
rivers Maes and Roer, in the Ne-
therlands, in the pr. of Gclder, 2a
tii. S. of the city of Gclder.
RoGAROFK, E. Ion. 30. lat. 52.
45' A city ot Poland, in the D, oi
Lithuania, fit. on the river Nieper, .
150 m. N. of Kiof.
Rohan, W. Ion. x. 40. lat. 43.
a town of France, in the pr. of Bri«
tany, fit. zo m. N. of Vannes.
RoLDuc, £. Ion. 6. 15. lat. 5?*
a town of the Netherlands, in the
D. of Limburg, fit. on the confines
of Juliers, 5 m. N. of Aix-la-wha«
pelle.
Romania, a pr. of the Pope's
ter. in Italy, including the Bc!ogncfe»
and Ferrarefc, is bounded by the ter.
of Venice on the N. by the gulph of
Venice on the E. by the I), of I'uf-
cany, and the pr. of Uibino on the S*
and by Modena and Mantua on the
W. being 80 m. in length, and aU
mull as much in breadth, and is fub-
divided into i. Romania Proper, 2«
The Bolognele^ and 3. The Ferra-
refe j a temperate climate, and an
exceeding plcafani fruitful country,
but the Ferrarefe is unhftalthfuj.
Romania, the ancient Thrace,
a pr. of European Turky, is bound-
ed by mount Aigentum, or Rhodope,
anciently called Ka;mus, which fe-
parates it from Bulgaria, on the N,
by the Euxine fca and the Cofphorus,
or ftrait of Confiantinoplc, on the
E. by the Propontis, or iea of Mar-
mora, and the Archipelago on the S.
and by another branch of mount Rho-
dope, which feparates it from Mace-
don, on the W. being near 300 m#
long, and 150 broad. It is a fruit-
ful country, abounding in good ara-
ble and pafture ground, but produces
fcarce any wine, and the mountains
which divide it from Bulgaria and
Macedon arc exceeding cold and bar-
ren } but then they are of fuch
difficult accets, that no country is
better defended naturally than this,
being encompafTed by the fea on the
St£. as it is by theie mountains on
the N, W. fo that fhould the Turks
be driven out of Servia and Bulgaria
by the Chridians, it would be difficult
to penetrate further into the Turki/h
empire.
Romans, h. Ion. 5.6. lat. 45,
8, a towa of Funce, in the pr. of
Uauphioff
R O,
R O
Dauphine, fit. on the river Ifere, 1 5
)Bn» S. W. of Grenoble.
Rome, the capital of the Pope's
territories, and of Italy, is fit. in
I3 degrees E. Ion. and 41 degrees
45 min. N. lat. 140 m. N. W.
of Naples^ and 140 S. of Florence,
landing on the river Tiber, about
26 miles N. E. of the Tufcan fea,
the Wdlls about 12 nniles in circum-
ference, "as they were in the time
of the Romans, but not a third part
of the ground within the walls is
now built upon j the red is taken
up with vineyaids and gardens : the
inhabitants computed to amount to
J 10,000 fouh. There are five
bridges over tlte river, 20 gates, and
300 antique towers, llill remaining j
the caftle of St. Anj^clo is a modern
forlincation, bat of no great itrcngth,
and Icrves rather to keep the inha-
bitants in awe, than to defend them
againft foreign enemies^ Modern
Rome ftands 14 or 15 feet higher
than the old city, being built on the
fuins of the former, and is much
tnore upon a level than the old city
was, great part of the hills bcin^
wa/heJ down into the valleys, info-
inuch that the i'arpeian rock, which
was once a terrible precipice, from
whcr.cs malefactors were thrown, is
not now more than ao feet high.
Tile city is generally n .;gnificently
built, the ftrects fpacious, and^ a-
dorned with 300 fine churches, and
a vaft number of pabces and con-
vents, and the triumphal arches,
pillars, obeliiks, fl.i'.ues, and foun-
tains, are no Imall addition to its
beauty j but then there aie other
ftreets as meanly built as in any
town whatever. The greateft curio-
fit'es in R»me, are the ancient thea-
tres and amphiheaties, Pagan tem-
ples, triumphal arche!>, baths, aque-
4ucl:«, fountains, catacomb?, obe-
Jilks, cirques, fepulchres, bridges,
churches, palaces, itatues, painr-
ings, piaezas, colleges, and ho pi-
tait. The people of this city are
faid to be more obliging than in any
town of Europe, and that a uni*
verfal civility reigns here. They ttp.
not at all poflefred with a fpirit of
bigotry or perfecution againft ftran*
gsrs of any juntry or religion what.
ever. The city is extremely well
fupplicd with water, by their noble
aqueducts and fountains, and there
is great plenty of ail manner of pro-
vifions, as corn> ficfli, fi(h, fowl,
and fruits ; and the greatell variety
of wines that are to be met with any
wh'it; ; and [in the midft of all this
variety J the people are extremely
fober, never fitting down purely to
drink, an^l very feldom drinking wine
without water.
RoMNEV, E. Jon. 1. Jat. 51. a
born h town in Kent, one of the
cinqut" ports, formerly a good port,
but tiie fea is retired from it j lir,
20 m. S. of Canterbury, and 12 m,
S.W, of Dover J fends two membtis
to parliament.
RoNcioLiONE, E. Ion. 13. l:f,
42. 12. a town of Italy, in the Hope's
ter. and pr, of St. Peter's patrimony,
lit, 25 m. N. of Rome.
RoNDA, W. Ion. 5. 40. ht. 36.
26, a town of Spain, in the pr, cf
Granada, fit, 22 m. N. of Gibrai.
tar. *
R0SCHII.D, E. ion. 12. ht. 5%
30. a city of Denmark, in the ill..nd
c>f Zeland, fit. ao m. W, of Ccpcn-
hagen.
Roscommon, a co. of IrclanJ,
bounded by Slego and Letrim on ihi
N. by Longford and Meath on tiie
E, by Galway on the S. and by
poothcr par: of Galway and MayJ
on the W.
Rosebkugge, E. ion. 2. 3;.
lat. 50. 55. a town of the Nether-
lands, in the pr, of Flanders, fit,
II m. N. W. of Ypres.
Roses, E. ion. 2. 45. lat. 42.
22. a city and port town of Span,
in the pr, of Catalonia, fit, on a bny
of the Mediterranean, 60 m. N.ti
of Barcelona.
RosFTTO, E. Ion, 31. lat. 31.
a port town of Egypt, in Atri-
ca, lituatc near the mouth of
the weilcrn channel of the rivet
Nilf,
R O
R O
Kile, upwards of loo m. N. W. of
<jrancl Cairo, loo m. W, of Da-
mietta, and 30 E. of Alexandria,
It is of a circular figure, 6 mi in
circumference, and contains 80,000
inhabitants, being as well built as
any town in Egypt almoft, and bds a
pretty bride trade ; but Hiips cannot
come up (o high as the town, for a
bar that lies crol^ the moath of the
river.
RosiENNE, E. Ion. 43. 30, lat.
<;(;. 50. a town of Poland, in the pr.
of Samogitia, fit. 58 m. S. of MiC-
tJW,
Ross, W, Ion. 2. 35. lat. 51.
55. a market tov»n of Herefordfliirc,
fjt. on the river Wye, 11 in» S. of
Heretord.
Ross, a CO, of Scotland, boundtd
by Sirathnavern on the N, by Si-
therland and the German fea on t
E. by Inverneis on the S. and by
Irifh fea on the W,
RossANo„E, lon» 17. 5, lat. 39.
3^. a city and* port town of Italy, in
the K. of Naples, and pr. of Cala-
bria, fit. on the gulph of Taranto,
80 m. S. VV. of Taranto j the fee of
an archb.
Bos&E, a port town of Ireland,
in the co. of Cork, fit. on a bay of
the ocean, 12 m, W. of Kinfale,
W. Ion. 8. 50. lat> 51. 20.
Rostock, E. Ion. iz. r-. lat.
54. 20. a city of Germany, in the
cir. of Lower Saxony, and D. of
Mecklenburg, fit. on a bay of the
Baltic fea, 26 m. E. of Wifmar, an
imperial city, or fovcreign ftate.
RosTOK, orRosTovA, E. Ion.
40. lat. 57. 20 a town of Ruflia,
in the pr. of Mofco, capital of the
ter. of Roftof, fit. lao m. N. E. of
Mofco.
RoTA, W. Ion. 6. 40i lat. 36.
32. a cartlc of Spain, fit. on the
lea coaft of Andalufiii, at the en-
trance of the bay of Cadiz, and 7
m. N. of that city.
RoTENBURG, E. Ion. 10. 5.
Jat. 4g. 20 a town of Germany, in
ihc tu, of Fianconia, and mar, of
Anfpach, fit. 35 m, W. of Nuren'>
burg.
KoTENBURG, E. lon. 9. lat.
53. 30, a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Lower Saxony, and D. of
Vcrden, fit. z^ m. E. of Bremen.
RoTENBURG, E. Ion. 9. 30. lat*
50. 55. a town of Germany, in the
Ian. oi Hefle-CaHel, fit. on the river
Fuld, 25 m. S. of Cadel.
RoTHERAM, W. Ion, I. 8. lat.
53. 25. a market town of York-
shire, fit. in the W, riding, 31 m.
S. of York.
RoTHSAV, W. Ion. 5. lat. 55.
50, a borough town of Scotland, tit.
in the ifle of Bute, 70 m. W. ot'
Edinburgh.
RoTiNG, E. lon. 9. 50. lat.49»
30, a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Franconia, fit. on the liver Taubcr,
fto m. S. of VVurtlb'jrg.
Rotterdam, E. lon. 4. 20. lat,
5z. a city of the United Provinces.,
in the pr. of Holland, fit. on the N.
bank of the river Mjes, 30 m, S. of
Amftcrdam, and 13 m. S. E. of the
Hague. It is a large populous city,
and much more conveniently fit. for
trade than Amfterdam : the canals
which run thro' the city bringing
(hips up to their doors j and the Macs
is much fooner free from ice than the
Wye at Amfterdam 5 on which ac-
count the Britifli merchants refort
to this port more than to the other.
Here theErtglilh and Scots have each
of them a church of their refpedivc
perfuafions, ana there are four Dutcli
churches bcfidcs.
RoTWEir., E. lon. 8. 30. Jar,
48. S. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Suabia, fit. on the river
Ncckar, 40 m. S.W. of Stutgart.
Rouen, E. lon, i. 6. lat. 49.
30. a city of France, capital of the
pr. of Normandy, fit» on the N,
fid ^ of the river Seync, 65 m, N.W.
of Paris, and 45 S. E. of Havre de
Grace and the Briti/h channel. The
tity is not large, but populous, con-
taining 60,000 fouls. It is advan-
tajjcouHy fitusted for trade, and held
f
liiKiai
MUtMi/Bm
r*
IMAGE EVALUATION
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1.25
1.4
2.5
2.2
2.0
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Photographic
Sdences
Corporation
23 WIST MAIN STRUT
WIBSTIIt,N.Y 14SS0
(716) •73-4503
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^
R O
RU
to be the center of trade ir N, France.
It is the fee of an archb.
ROVEREDO, E. Jon, II. 5. Ijt.
46. a tity of the bifh. of Trent,
between Italy and Germany, fit. on
the E. fide of the river Adige, 8 ni.
S. of Trent.
RovERCNE, the S.E. divifion
of the pr. of Giiienne in France.
RoviGO, E. Jon. 12. 25. lat.
45. 6. a town of Italy, in the ter.
of Venice, cap.tal of the Pcielin de
Kovigo, fit. 21 m. S. cf Padua.
RcusELAE", E. Jon. 3. 5. lat.
51. a town of the Nethcfclands, in
the pr. of Flanders, fit. 1 1 m. N. E.
of Ypres, and 20 m, S. E. of
Oftcnd.
RousTLLON, formerly a pr. of
Spain, now untied to Fiante, is
bounded by Lanj-utdoc on the N. by
the Mediterranean fea on the L. by
Catalonia on the S. and by the Fy-
renean mountains en the W. b Ji g
about 55 in. long, and 36 m, broa^l,
confiding of one lai-ge plain, fur-
rcundcd by muunlainson three lides,
and on the fourth by tlu: lea, and
pioduces plenty of corn and wine,
and fomc good pollute j but their
olives are their gteatcll liches } they
have great pleiity ol orangci and It-
inons, but fcarce any wood in the
country. They have very little trade
by fea, having no haibjurs, and a
dangerous coail. The capital tity is
I'cipignan, which, with the whole
pr. was lelinquiihed to the Frcnrh
by the Spaniards, at the Pyrc|te4n '
lieaty, anno 1659.
Roxburgh. See Tiviot dale,
in Scotland.
Roxr.NT Cape, or Rock, of
Lifbon, W. Ion. 10. lat. 38. 50. a
nioutitain, and remarkable promon-
tory, in I'oitugal, lit. in the At-
lantic ocean, at the N. entrance of
the river Tagur, 22 m. W. ot Li-
(bon.
RoYAN, W. ion. I. 3. Jat. 45.
40. a caftk of France, in the pr. ot
baintongi , fit. at the mouth of the
river Garumcj 30 m, i»« oi Ku*
chdle.
RoYE, E. Ion. 3. 15. lat. 4^,
42. a town of France, in the pr.
of ricardy, fit, 20 in. S. E. cf
Am. ens.
RovsTov, under the meridian
of London, lat. 52. a market town,
fit. in the counties «f Hertford and
Cambridjje, 38 m. N. of L nJon.
Here has Jatcly hteti dilcovered a
cell, or rather fubtenancoui i Impel
of Rolia, a Saxon lady, from whom,
it is cui.j^tftured by Icme, that the
town receives its name. It is fi-
tuated under the muilcet-houfe al.
mol>, and has fcveial altars and
imaj^cs cut out of the chalky fidts
of the chapel, or cave, and is cf
the form ot a fuj^ar-loaf, and enteied
at the top by a ladder.
RoziEHERs, E. Jon. 6. i^. lat,
48. 35. a town of Germany, in ilie
D. ct I.orrain, fit, iz rn. b. E. of
Nancy.
KuATAN, W. Ion. So. lat. 16,
an illand in the gulph of Hor.dur.if,
in N. America, fit. 75 m. N. W,
of Truxillo, in the pr. of Honduus,
in Mexico, an ifland lately jilanttd
and fortified by the Englifli, havi.g
a good haibciir, wlcie the fhf]'S
that refoit to this gulph, or Lry,
lor Icg-woud, might have been ix-
fended againlt all the forces of the
Spanilh guarda coflas, but it u.;»
thought fit to be abandoned.
R u D I N 1 N s K A, one of tie
northern provinces of Ruflia, bourd-
cd by the pr. ot Dwina on the N.
by Sy rimes on the E. by Ije.'rzeio
on the S. and by the Jake of Onegi
on the W.
RUDOLTSWERD, E. If P. l6.
lat. 46. 17. a town of Gemuiiy,
in the cir. of Aiillria, and D. vf
Cirniola, fit. 45 m. b. E. of Lw-
bach.
Ki^KFAc, E. Ion. 7. 20. hr,
48. a t.xAii of Ciermany, in tlu' Iin«
of Alfacc, fir, 35 m, S, of Straihuigj
fub. to Fr.ince.
RuG&Y, W. Ion. i. 15. I'lf. =;i'
22. a market tttwn of VVarv.icklh.n;,
lit. 13 ni. E. ot Warwick.
KuGtiYf W. Ion. I. lat. 5-'
4S'
^}mm
R U
R U
4^. a market town of StaffbrdHiIre,
fir. 8 m. S. E. of Stafford.
Run IN, an ifland of the Baltic
fea, on the coafl of Germany, being
part of the D. of Swedi/h Pomerania,
leparated from the continent by a
narrow channel, not three m. over.
The iilind is 30 nri. long, and near
a? many broad, and is a jilentiful
country, abounding in corn and cat-
tle j the chief town Bergen, which
has no wall, any more th m the ether
towns, and ccnfiils of about 4 o
hou'Vs.
Ruf. r. AN, or Ruthergi. ik,
W, Ion. 4. 7. I;it. ;,5. 48. a town
ot Scotland, in tlie co. ot Cl)dcfdale,
fir. 3 m. S. E, of Glafgow.
Rum EL I A, tlie ancient Greece,
now part of European Turky.
RuMKORD, E. Ion. 12 min. lat.
51. 30. a market town of Ellcx, fit.
JO m. E, of London.
RoMSEv, E. lonp. I. 42. Int.-
51. a market t'nvn of Hnrnplliire,
fit. 9 m. S. W. of \Vmch(il-.-r.
ilu ," F.I. M ONUr:, E. l(vi^. 4. S,
Ir •• r 15. a lC^ n of ihe .Att.'li.ji!
Neihcrljnds, in ihi.* pr. of FlifKif rr,
fit. OH the river SLbeld, 6 m. S, of
Ar.tweip.
Rui'ERT FORT, W. Inn. So.
lat. (;r. a fetilement belor.ging to
the Englifh Hudfoa'i. bay company,
fit. at thi; buttom of Hiidlon's-bay,
600 m. S. E. of Fort N\iron, and
3^0 m. N. VV. of Quebec.
Rui'Pi. E, a river of Brabant, in
t^e Auftrian Netherlands, form.ed
bv the riviis Scnne, Djmcr, nnd
D)>, which runs irom E. to W.
ani falls into the river Schcid at
Kn;e]mondc, 7 m. S. of Antwerp.
RussE, a river of Ruflia, is c( m-
p'/ed of the united llreams of the
V.'ilii and Hciezina, runs from E.
to W. and fills into a bay of the
Bjitir fea, near Memel.
IH'SsiA, or Moscow, com-
prehends prent paitof the continiTt
(f Europe and Afri, ext -nding from
2410 Ijodcgrccsof caft.rn Ion, and
between 45 and 71 decrees of N.
lat. bounded by the Frozen ocean
on the N. by the P.xcific ocean and
China on the E. by Chineilan Tar-
tary, the Mogul's, Uibeck, and
CircalTun Tartars, on the S. and
by Poland, the Baltic fea, Swedirti
Finland and Lapland, and Norwegian
Lapland on the W. extending 30CO
m. and up.vards, in length, from E.
to W, and I 500 m. in breadth, frcm
N. to S. but two thirJs ot it are not
cultivated, and fcarce inhabited j and
the extren.e North is not habitablo,
and produces fiarce any vegetable ,
but the middle and f.;uihcrn [..rovi -
ces are, many of thenr, as fruit fiil
as any in Europe or Alia, producing
all m.inncr of corn aiid huits which
do not require a very wirm Ain j filk
and wine, and the tn pical luiit'-,
they are pretty mt'ch Ih-.-.nvas t- .
The RuHians do not yet tiacc nnuh
on their own bottoms j their naviii-
ftores, linucn, IcTthcr, furs, iici ,
and other pruJuie of rlieir cour.try,
are exported in foiciwn Tltijjpinp, ar.d
the ianv.; ^ippii-,ii carries ihern n.c
jroilMf: ij th: fc'.j lii'.'!'! >;'';;ftr I s
of Eu:i pe 'J l.t; govfrijm* lit. h< ^ -
ever, h.ive, cf late Nc.irs, built a
great many (i; ps of war. and they
aie eqoal, if not fiiprior at fra,
elih'.'r tw the S'Aedes o; Danes. ThcT
land foices, which were in vtiy little
cftecrn before tlie year i-cc, are li>
improved in milit.iry difciil.nc, fince
their wars with Sweden, thit they
are new fiiperior to any of their
neighbours, except the Turks, ard
they would be a m.uJi for them, if
the country was improved, and the
revenues of the crown anfwcrahle to
tliofc of the Grand S;gnicr ; but
here tluy fall mifcr.'bly Ihott, I
qucdion whether the ordinary reve-
nues of Ruiiia amount to 3,ccc,cco
Oeiling per annum, rnd tho" the
govemment is arbitrary, anJ might
impofc what it fees fir, if it /hould
advance them much hi['.her it nj^dit
tuin many of its fubjed?. As the
fovercign is not here hound by any
wvilten laws, th: punifhmcnts in-
G • a fl.{kd
1^
li Y
fijfiec! on criminils are very fpeedy,
and fometimts barbarous j nor has
the prilbner always the privilege of
a fair tiial j when they want wit-
neflcs, racks and tortures are made
itfe of to extort confcfllons : and the
krweli punilhment, the knout, is
very terrible, where men of figure are
liable to be whipt with an inftru-
xncr>t that tares the flefh off their
bones, or cudgelled till they are not
able to ftand. The Rufluns are
Chriftians, moft of them, of the
Greek church, and differ both from
Papifts and Proteftants in many in-
ilances ; they arc more rigorous in
then- fails than either, thefe being
enjoined them near two thirds of the
year,
P»UTHVN, W. Ion. 3, 20. lat.
53. 6» a market town of Denbigh-
ihire, in N. Wales, fit. 8 m. S. E.
of Denbigh.
Rutland, the Icaft co, of Eng-
land, is bounded by Lincoln on the
N. E. by Northampton on the S.
£. and by Leicefter on the W, and
N. W.
Ruvo, E. Ion. 17. 15. lat. 41,
a town of Italy, in the K. of Na-
ples, and ter. of Barri, fit. 17 m.
S. W. of Barri, and 10 m. W, of
Bitonto, The fee of a bifliop.
Ry«, a borough and port town of
SiiiTex, fit. on a bay of the Engli/h
channel, 60 miles S. £. of London,
and 30 m. £1 of Lewis. This is a
moft fecure and commodious harbour,
and lies almoft oppofite to Boulogn,
in France, but the mouth of it is
choaked up with fand, and tho' they
have had acts of parliament to clear
it, or make another entrance, they
make but flow progrefs in the work,
not having a fufHcient fund. It is
pity they are not better affifted by
the government, this harbour lying
more convenient than any we have
upon the coaft, for the fecurity of
our merchant Hiips, and a ftatiun
for our cnuzers, whenever we are at
war with France, £• lont jQ mill,
lat. 51. : , .,
i
Ryegate. SeeRiYGATr.
R V p E N, E. Ion. 9. lat. 55,
30. a city and port town of Den-
mark, in the pr. of Jutland, capital
of the ter. of Rypen, fit. on a bay
of the German ocean, 60 m,N. \V,
of Slefwic.
Rysvvick, E. Ion, 4. 20. lat.
52. 8. a fine village in Holland, fit.
between the Hagtie and Delft, where
the Prince of Orange has a palace,
and where the peace between the
confederates and France, was con-
cluded, anno 1697, from thence cal-
led the peace of Ryfwick.
RzF.cz iCA, E. Ion. 30. lat. 5^,
a city of Poland, in the pr, of Li-
tliuania, and pal, of Rzeczica, fit^
on the tivM Niopcr, 230 m, N. ai
S A
SABA, W. Ion. 63. lat. 18. one
of the Caribbee iflands, in the
Atlantic, or American oc.^an, fir. a
little W. of St.Chriftopher'sj fub,
to the Dutch.
Sabina, a pr. of iJaly, in the
Pope's ter. bounded by Umbria on
the N. by Naples on the E. by tlie
Campania of Rome on the S. and by
St. Peter's patrimony on the W.
Sabionetta, E. Ion. Ji. lat.
4;. a town of Italy, in the D. of
Mantua, fit. to m. S. of Mantua.
Sable, W. Ion. 16 min. lat.
47. 50. a town of France, in the
pr. of Orleanois, and ter. of Main?,
fit. 20 m. N. of Anger?.
Sable cape> W. Ion. 65. lit.
43,45. ^^^ '^^^ fouthcrly [oint,
or promontory of New Scotland, or
Acadie, near which is a fine cod-
fi/hcry.
Sablustan, a pr. of Perfla,
vrhiwh comprehending Gaur and Can-
dahor,
S A
S A
(?}ihir, is bounded by the pr. ofCho-
fdilan on the N\ by India on the E.
and by S'^idijn on the S.
Saccai, £, Ijn. 135. lat. 36.
a city and p>)rt town oi J:»pan, in
Afn, (it. on the bay of Meato, 300
m, S.W. of Jcdd>.
Sacrifice, W. Ion. 99. lat.
iS. ail iiunJ \n the gulpli ot Mexi-
co, iiJ America, fit. 45 m. E, of ia
Ve!.i Cruz J lab. to Spain.
Saper ASA p A r AN, E. Ion. 8c.
l,it. 12. 30. a pott town on the coall
ct Cormandel, in the Eail Indies,
ill AfiJ, fit. 40 miles S. of Fort
St. George, where the Dutch have a
fadory.
Sai-kron Walden. SeeWAL-
DK V.
Sacan, E. Ion. 15. 36. lat. 51.
40. a iovvn of the K. of Bohemia,
and D. ot Siiefi.i, fit. on the river
Dubcr, 56 m. N. W. of Bitn..vv.
Saountum, W. Ion. 40 min.
lau 39. 35. fit. 15 m. N. of Valen-
cia, in Spain, celebrated for its ride-
lity to the Rom '.us, the citizen; cliu-
fiiig to be buried in the ruins of their
cily, rather than furit nder to Han-
nibal. The town of Morvicdro now
iiaiiJs where Sajiuntum did.
Said, E. Ion. 32. 20. lat, 27. a
town of Upper Egypt, fit. on the
river Nile, zjo m. N. ot ..ano, faid
to be the Eg\ ptian I'heb.'S.
SAiNTt'j, W. Ion. 36 min. lat.
45. 50. a city of France, in the pr.
vjf Guicnne, capital of the ter. of
Saintugne, i\:, <. n the river Charcnte.
35 m. S.E. of Kochclle. The lee
ut a bi!li.
Sal, V/. Ion. 23. lat. 17. one of
the ill .lids ut Cape Veid, iit. in the
Atlantic (icean, 300 in, W. of Ne-
tr'jla:id, in .Africa.
Sai. A, a river of Germany, which
riic-i in Franconia, and runninii N,
en'.cib :>axoiiy, palling thrv)' the ter.
cl .Sax-A'iii:iil)>iiu, Niunbur^, Mer-
f^'uf^, aa.l Hall, falling 11 t.) the
liVT Eib bi-loA DjII'iu. Ihe peo-
yl: wlij inhal.itLvi the countiy uu the
kiiuki of lijis liVcT; vveic pari yi" ihoic
Germans that conquered France, and
introduced the hws of their countiy
into that kingdom, particulaily tliaC
called the S.lque law, which ex-
ciu.ies the females from inheriting tl.c
dominions -if tiieir anceiloi6.
Sal A, W. Ion. 17. lat. 60. a
town oi Sweden, in the pr. of Wefl-
mania, fir. 30 m. W. of Upfal. ,
Salamanca, W, Ion. 6. to.
lat. 41. a city ot Spa n, in fhe iv.
of Leon, fit. on the river Tormcr,
100 m. M. W. of Miind ^ a b.lii.
and univ,
Salamanca, W. ion. 93. lat,
17. 15. a city of Mexico, in N'oitll
Amciica, in the pr. of Jucaian, lit,,
near the gulph ot Honduras, 140 w,
S. of (Jampeachy,
Sal AMIS, or C l u r i, E,
Ion. 24. J U. 37. 32. an ilh:id in the
gulph of Engu, in Eursiican Frnkv,
oppollte to A.theni, or Setines, and
a little S.W. of It, being 50 m. lu
circutnterenc?, rendered niemoiabic
by the victory the Athenians, cum-
niandel by Taen-iiilocl'.;, obtain.-il
here ovei the licet of Xerxes. Ajax
was King of this iHuid, anJ S'jlon
was bom 1 ere.
Sai. AN K AMEN, K. Ion. 2T. h:.
45. 20. a tx-vn or' Sclavonia, fiC. oa
the Danube, 20 m. N. W. ol liji-
^rade.
Salem, W. I .n. -o. ]it./^?.. 2^»
a port town <.ii' Ne^v Cn^Innd, ia
Arner.cn, a little N. of , ollon, faid
to b;' the hrd lettlement the Englifh
hud ill New Eaglari 1.
SALKr\M0, F. \on, }'. zo. !;>',
40. 40. a city and pori lov.ii <.:t Ital} j
in the K. of Naples, in the Hitlicc
Principat, fit. on a bay of the 'l"uf.-
can fca, 27 ni. S, of Naples j th«
fee of an archb.
Sal I N A, oiim Sal AM I ■:, E. lo".
34. -^o. I.u. 34. 30. a poit town oi-
the illind ot Cyprus, in Alia, ;it. in
the Levant, oil iIk! S. lide (,f llirt
illaiid, 100 m. VV. of i'ripoli in
Syria.
Sal IK AS, W. Ion. 2. 50, laf.
43. 15, rt town "f Sp:«iii, in li.c \> .
Ci i if
£f A
S A
of Blfcay, and ter, of Guipufcoa, fit,
28 m. S. E. of Bilboa.
Sal INS, E. Ion. 5. 50. lat. 47, a
city of France, in the pr. of Fianche
Comte, fit, zo m. S. of Befanron.
SaLINGSTAT, SeeSELlNCEN-
3TAT.
Salisbury, W. Ion. i. 55. lat.
51. 6. the capital city of Wiltfliire,
fit. 80 m. W. of London, and 35 m.
S. E. of Briftol, from whence one
branch of the noble family of Cecil
take the title of Earl j fends two
members to parliament.
Sallee, W, Ion. 7. lat. 34.
a port town of the Empire of Mo-
rocco, in the K. of Fez, fit. on the
coaft of the Atlantic ocean, 150 m.
S. of Gibraltar. Here is geneially
a fmall fijuadron of rovers, or pirates,
tliat malce prizes of all Chrlfiian ihips
which come in their way.
Salm, E. Ion, 7. lat, 48. 32.
a town of Germany, in the D. of
Lorrain, fit, 45 m. S. E. of Nancy j
fab. to France.
Salo, E. Ion, TO. 45. lat. 45.
^c. z town of Italy, in the pr, of
Brefcia, fit. on the W. fide of the
like Garda, 45 m. N. E. of Milan*
Sai.on, E. Ion. 5. 5. lat. 43. 33,
a town of France, in the pr. of Pro-
vence, fir. between Aries and Aix,
z/ m. N. W, of Marfeilles.
Saiona, E, Ion, 18. lat. 43.,
>^. a port town of Djlmatin, fit, on
« h^y of the fiilph of Venice, a
li«»le E. of Spalatto, 58 m. N,W.
•f Ruuf.i j fiib. to Venice.
S A L O N I C H I, oiim TUEJSA-
>CMCA, a ei(y and port town of
JEiirrnean Tuiky, capital of the pr.
•f M*cedon, fit. on a bay of the
Aichipt^l^'go, or Egean fca, *6o m,
"VV. t'4' Confiantinoplc,. F. 1 jn. 24.
lat. 41. A Turkifft Bafia, the go-
vtrnor cf the pr, nfiJes '-.cji-, and
it IS tht3 kc cf a Gitcian archb. the
frr.itfft oait cf the inhabitant; being
WiW Clir.fti*ns. The tOv\n has a
|ootf jorw^ trade, and an Engll/h
ISaIiIjes, E. lom %. 3.6, lat, 43*
a town of Spain> in the pr, of Rouf-
fillon, fit, 10 m, N, of Perpignan j
fub, to France,
Salsonna, E. Ion. j, 25. lat,
41. 50. a town of Spain, in the pr,
of Catalonia, fit, on the river Lobre-
gat, 46 m. N,W. of Barcelona.
Saltash, W. Ion, 4. 30. lat,
50, 26. a borough town of Corn-
wall, fit. 20 m, S, of Launce-
fion ; fends two members to parlia<
ment.
Saltsburg, E. lon, 13, lat.
47. 45. capital of thC' archbKhopric
of Saltzburg, in the cir, of Bavaria,
in Germany, fit. on the river Saltza,
70 miles E. of Munich. This is
eftcemed one of the fined cities m
Germany, .nnd has a very good trade,
cfpecially for fait, being the pro-
duce of the f.ilt pits in that neigli-
bourhood. The archbifhop is ab-
foiute fovereign of this city, and the
territories about it, being 70 m, long,
and 60 broad, in which are fome
rich mines of filrer, copper, and
iron,
Sat.sette, or Canorin, E.
Ion, 72. 15. lat, 19. ar. illiind on
the W, coaft of the Hither India,
in Afia, feparated from the ifl.ind of
Bombay by a narrow channel, hat
a mile over, and fordable at low
water, being zo m. long, and 17
broad, in the polVeflion of the Portu-
gucze.
Salt Sea, or Lake of As-
PHELiTESy in Palelline. SccDead
Sea,
Salvatkwra, W. I'^n, 7. 5.
lat, 38. 30, a town of Spain, in the
pr. of Ellremadura, fit. iO m. S. L,
of Badajos,
Salvatierra, W. Ion. S. 4<;.
lat, 42. 15. a town of Sjain, in tis
pr. of Gnlicia, fit. on the nvet Mm,-
ho, on thf confines of i*ortag,<l, p
m. S. of Compoftclla,
Sam'zzo, F. Ion. 7. laf. .J'
the
(f
50. a ci:y of Italy, in
Piedmont, capit.il of the n.;>r. ct
Sa-Inzzo, fl^ 17 m. S, ofTiiiiii;
Tub. to tbC'K.. of Sardinia.
Samar-
S ' A.
S"A
Samarcakd, E. Ion, 66, lat.
40. a city of Ufbec Tattary, in
Alia, fit. 80 m. E. of Bochara, for-
imrly the capital city of Uftjec I'ar-
tary, and of the empire of the great
Tjmerlane,
Samaria, E, Ion, ^8. lat. 32.
j^o. an ancient city ot P^leftine, in
Aliatic Turky, fit, 45 m. N. of
Jeiul'alcm. It was the capital of the
Kings of IfraeJ, and afterwards of
Herod, who rebuilt it, and named
it S^bafte } of which there are only
now I'ome magnificent ruins remain-
ing.
Samballas, or Samblas
Islands, are fit. in the Americ.m
ocean, or North fea, near 'the coaft
of Darien, E. Ion. 81. lat, 10. 80
m. E. of Porto-Bello, none of them
inhabited, but claimed by the Spa-
niards, as belonging to the nt^igh-
bornng continent of Darien.
Sambre, a river of the Nether-
lands, which rifes on the confines
ol Picardy, and running for the moft
part N. E. thro' Hainault, pailes by
Khubeuge and Charleroy, falling into
the Macs at Namur.
Samogitia, a pr, of Poland,
bounded by Courland on the N. Li-
thuania on the E. by Pruffia on the
S. and by the Baltic fea on theW.
Samoida, the moft northerly
pr. of Rurtia, in Europe, fit. on the
Frozen ocean, and the rivi-r Oby.
The inhabitants living in huts and
cavcs under the fnow j their only
employments hunting in the winter,
and hilling in the fummer.
bAMos, E. Ion. 27. 30. lat. 37.
^o. an ifiand ot the Archipelago,
lit. 30 m. S. of Smyrna, in the Lei-
fer Al\i, fub. to the Turks, but
inhabited by Greek Chriili.ins, of
whom there are about 12,000 on
tiic ifiand. It produces corn, wine,
olives, and other fruits fuitable to a
warm climate, and very fine filk ;
and their wool is fo good that the
French purchafc it for their woollen
ir.inut'adlures. Juno, Samla the
S)t>il, Pytha|Ou<, aod PoJycrates,
were natives of this in.inv^. There'
are abundance of magnificent rums
found here, and anwng them part
of Juno's temple, the protedor of
Samos.
Samothracia, a fmall ifland
in the Egean fea, near the coall of
Thrace, or Romania.
Sanbenedito, E. Ion. 11, t2,
lat. 45. 5. a town of Italy, in the
D. of Mantua, fit. on the river Po,
9 m. S. of Mantua.
Sandbach, W. Ion, 2. 28. lat,
53.6. a market town of Chelhire,
fit. 22, m, E. of Chefter.
San DECK, E, Ion. 20, lat, 49,
20. a town of Poland, in the pr, of
Little Poland, fit. 35 ra. S. £. of
Cracow.
Sandomir, E. Ion. zi. 15. lat,
50, 40. a city of Poland, in the pr,
of Little Poland, capital of the pal.
of Sandomir, fit. 80 m. N. E, of
Cracow,
Sandvliet, E. Ion. 4. 8. lat.
51. 25, a town of the Netherlands,
in the pr. of Brabant, fit. on the ri-
ver Scheld, 10 m. N. of Antwerp.
Sandwich, E, Ion. i. 20. lat,
51. 20. a port town of Kent, fit,
10 m. E, of Canterbury, one of the
Cinque Ports j fends two members to
parliament, and gives the title of
Earl to the noble family of Mon-
tague.
Sanouessa, W. Ion, i. 30,
lat. 42. 40. a town of Spam, in
the pr. of Navarre, fit. 20 m.'S. of
Pampeluna.
San Matheo, W. Ion, 15 min,
lat. 40. 25. a town of Spain, in the
pr. of Valencia, fit. 55 m. N, of
Valencia.
Sanq^uhar, W. Icn, 3. 40. lat.
55. 15. a borough town of Scotfend,
in thn to. ot Nithtd^le", lit. 21 w,
N. of Dumfr.Sk
Santa Clara, W. Ion. 80. S,
lat. 3. 15. an ifland in the Paci.ic
ocean, fit. in the bay of Guyaqui),
near the coaft of Peru, 80 m. S. W,
of the city of Goyaquil.
Sa»ita Ch«», W. lott, 85,. 30.
M
m^tMA fcitiini -?
S A
S A
(at« 22. 30. a port town of the ifland
of Cuba, in North America, fit. on
the N. fide of the jlland, 60 ii). E,
of the Havanna.
Santa Maria, W. Ion. 80,
lat. 7. 40. a town of lerra Firma,
in An.enca, in the pr. of Darien,
or Terra Firma Proper, fir, on the
liver of Santa Maria, a Jiltle E. of
tile bay oi Panama, ioo m. S.E. of
the city of Panama. Hither the
Spaniards come annually in the dry
feafon, which Ja(ts three months, to
gather gold in the fands of the neigh-
DDurmg rivulets 5 and in foire leaons
c.rry otV 18 or 20,000 lb. weight of
pure gold, out ot one little brook,
which goes by the name of the
golden river j fub. to Spain.
Santa fe de Bagota, W.
Jon. 74, lat. 4. 30. capital of Terra
Firma, in South America, fir. on
the E. fide of the river M.igdalena,
360 m. S. of Cartacena. ]t is the
leat of the courts ot j iilice of the
pr. of Granada, and the ice of an
arthb. to whom the bilhops ot St.
Manha, Cartagena, and Pwpayan,
are fuffr^gans. It (lands in a plen-
tiful country, abounding in corn,
caltie, and fiu.t j and in their moun-
tains are mines of Clver ; fub. to
Spain.
Santa Fe, W. ion. 109. lat. 36.
capital of New Mexico, in North
America, fit. 1000 m. N. t^f the city
of Oid Mexico, and 700 m. Vv'. of
the rivi-r Milfiliippi.
San TAKEN, W. Ion. 8. 45. lat.
39. 18. a city of Portugal, in the
pr. of Eltiemadura, fit. on the river
Tagus, 50 ni. N. E. of Lilbon.
Sani £N, E. Ion. 6, lat. 51. 35.
a ti>wn of Germany, in the cir. of
Wertphalia, and D. of Clceve, ftt.
on the "VV. fiJe of the Rhii>e, 15 m.
S. E. of the city of Cleeve j fub. to
Prullia.
Santerre, the Southern divi-
fjon of Picardy in France.
Santillana, W. Ion. 5. lat.
43' 35- ^ *^'^y ^'^'^ V^^^ town of
S-^ain^ in the pr. of Aiturias^ fit. on
the bay of Bifcay. 90 m. W. of Bil,
boa, capital of the Eaflern Alluria.
Santor INI, E. Ion, 25. 35. Jat,
36. 20. an iiland of the Archipelngu,
iit. 40 m. S. E. of Melos, and zo m.
S. W. oi Morgo, being 35 m. in cir-
cumference. The whole illand i^^'cins
to be a pumice flone roak, covered
over with a foot of vegetable eaitri,
and was raifed out of the fea by a
volcano j as were two or three otlier
frnali illands near it. It produces corn,
wine, and c>,tton. They prefeive t!)C
rain-wattr in cifterns, having but cne
fpring in the ifland. The inhah-
tants aic all Greeks, of whom it i«
computed there are about 10,000011
t!ie illand : a I'urkilh officer vifns
them once a year, to collecl the
Grand Signior's tribute, and to [ec
that juiticc is duly adminiliered by
the natives, who ate allowed to chul'e
their own magiftratcs.
Saone, a river of France, wliich
rifes in Lorrain, runs S. thro' Bur.
gundy, paliing by Gray, Chalons,
and Mafcon, falls into the RhoHe
at Lyons,
Sapi£nza, E. Ion. 21. 15. hr.
36. 45, an ifland and cape in tne
Mediterranean fea, on the S. W,
point of the Morea, in Europjaa
Turky, fit. 60 m. S. of the illand
of Zaiite,
SAq.uEM, E. Ion, 38, 30. lat.
19. a purt town, fit. on the Red Sea,
in the pr. of Abex in Africa j lul>. to
Tuiky, 250 m. W. of Mecca.
Sak, a river of Germany, which
ri!es in Alface, and running N. ea-
ters Lorrain, palling by Saraben, Sir-
bruck, and Sarburg, tailing into the
Molelle, a little above Triers.
Saracens, the inhabitants cf
Arabia, Txara lignifyinij a delair, in
their language, as the grcateft p.irC
of Arabia is : And this being tl e
CDuntry of Maliomtt, his dilcijios
were called Saracens, who ni.ue a
conqucft of a i^reat part of -^lu,
Africa, and Europe, within 40 uais
after his death, and were fovere gns
of Spuia levcxal hundred years.
SA
S A
Saragossa, W. long. i. 15,
!at. 41. 32* a city of Spain, cap. of
the pr. of Arragon, fit. at the con-
fluence of the rivers tbro, Gallcgo,
and Guerva, about 180 m. N. E. of
Madrid, and 150 m. W, of Barce-
lona, a large, well-built city, fur-
rounded by an old wall, and other
antique fortifications. The greateft
curiofity here is an image of the
bleflcd Virgin on a pillar of jafper,
v-hich, according to tradition, is the
fame flie left here when fhe appear'd
to St. James the apoftle of the
Spaniards, to fupport'him in the con-
verfioa of the natives i She has a
little Chrift in her arms, and her
robes and crown are cover'd with
precious ftones ; angels of filver are
placed round her, holding flambeaux
in their hands ; befides which are
fifty filver lamps, to illuminate the
chapel where the image ftands, all
day-light being fliut out : And hi-
ther multitudes of pilgrims annually
come to perform their devotions to
cur Lady of the Pillar, as flie is
called from the pillar the image
ftands on. SaragoflTa fubmitted to
King Charles III. the late Emperor
of Germany, anno 1706, but was
obliged to furrendcr to Philip the
late King of Spain, after the bat-
tle of Alm^inza, anno 1707. King
Charles obtaining a victory over K,
Philp near SaragofTa, anno 1710,
enter'd this city in triumph the fame
evening. But a body of the Englifh
forces being furpiifed (con after at
Brihuega, and made piil'oncrs, K:ng
Charles was again obliged to leave
tlio unhappy citizens of SaragofTa 10
the mercy, of their enemies, and re-
tire into Catalonia : Whereupon Phi-
lip toolt a full revenge on thofe who
hnd appear'd in the inlereft oi his
lival K. Charles.
Saratof, E. Ion. 49. bt, ^2.
a town oi' Afiatic Rulfia, fit. on the
river Wolga, 220 m. S. of Kafan,
and 300 m. N, W. of AAracan.
Sarbruck, E. Ion. 6.45. lat.
49- 2i, a town of Germany, in the
pal. of the Rhine, fit. on the river
Sure, 15 m. VV. of Dcuxponts.
Sarbuhg, Er long. 6. 15. lat»
49. 46, a town of Germany in the
circle of the Lower Rhine, and
eleft. of Triers, fit. 7 miles S, of
Triers.
Sarbam, E. Ion. 4. 30. l»t. 52,
2S. a port town of Holland, fit. on
the N. fide of the Wye, 7 m. N. W,
of Amfterdam, where aie the great-
eft magazines cf (hip-tiinber an4
naval (lores in the world, and fuch
numbers of firipwrights, that 'tis fa'd
they could build a man of war every
day of the year, if there was a ne-
ceflity for it,
Sardinia, an ifland of tht
Mediterranean, fit. between 8 and
10 degrees of E. Ion. and between
39 and 41 degrees of N.lat. bounded
by the ftrait which divides it fronv
Corfica on the N.. by the Tufcan fea
which flows between this ifland and
Italy on the E. and by other parts
of the Mediterranean fea on the S.
and W. and is about 140 m. long,
and 60 broad : a warm country,
but not cfteem'd very healthful.
There is a pleafing variety of hills
and valleys in this ifland, and the
foil is generally fiuitful, producing*
corn, wine, and oil in abundance,
where it is manured j but the na»-
tives are a flothful generation, and'
cultivate little of it j nor do ibey
feem better difpofed for trade than
hufbandry, tho' hey are very well:
fituated for forc.g;, traffic : It wa»
under the dnmin.'^n of Spain till
the year 1708, when Sir Johr»
Leake, the Englifh Admiral, rc»
duced it to the obedience of the late
Emperor Charles VI. It was after-
wards allotted to the D. of Savoy,
anno 1719, with the title of King of
Sardinia ; under whofe tlominion it
flill remains: ButtheD. wasoblig'd
to make a ceflion to the hnufc of
Aiiflria of the ifland of Sicily, to
which throne he had been advnnc'd by
the parties to the treaty of Utrecht,
anno 17 131
Sardis,
S A
S A
Sarois, E. Ion. 2S. lat. 37. 45*
an ancient city, cap, of Lydia in the
Lelfcr Alia, fit. 40 m. E. of Smyrna^
ijow in ruins.
S A R K, a little ifland between
Guernfey and Jerfey, and the coa(l
of Normandy in France, fub. to
Great Britain.
Sarlat, E. Ion. I. lat. 4^. a
city of France, in the pr. of Gui-
enne and ter. of Ferigord, fit. aS m.
£. E. of Peregucx.
Sarlouis, E. Ion. 6. 40. lat.
49. 28. a fortrefs fi. on the river
Sare in Lorrain, 10 m. N. W. of
Sarhruck,
Sarmatia of the ancients con-
fiiied of thofe countries which lie
North of the Euxine and Cafpian
feas in Europe and Alia.
Sarno, E. Ion. 15. 16. lat. 41.
a town of Italy in the K. of Naples,
and Hither Principat. fit. 15 miles
S. E, of Naples, the fee of a bilh.
Sarsika, E. Jong, i^, lat. 44,
8. a town of Italy, in the pr. of Ro-
rnania, fit. 23 m. S, of Ravenna,
the ("ce of a biiTi.
Sarum (Old) W. Ion. i, 5?,
Int. 51, 9. a borough-town of Wiit-
ihire, fit. a little N. of Salilbury j
fends 2 members to parliament.
Sarzana, E. Ion. lo. 35. lat.
44.. 6. a town of Italy, in the ter.
of Genoa, on the confines of Tulca-
ny, fit. 12 m. N. vt Mafia,
Sassari, E. Ion. 8. 38. lat. 40.
40. a town of the illand of Sardinia,
lit. in the N. W. pjrt of the ifland,
65 m. N. of Oiiftagni.
Sassuolo, E. ion. ii. 16. lat.
44. -^o. a town of Italy, in the D.
of Modena, fit. 8 m, S.'W. of Mo-
dena.
Sas van Ghent, E. Ion. 3.
gi;. lat. 51. 20. a town of Dutch
Flanders, fit. on a canal, 12 m. N.
of Ghent.
Savanna, W. Ion. 81, 20. lat.
22. a town of Georgia In North .A-
inericn, fit. on the river Savanna,
JO m. W. of the mouth of it, lately
built by the Ttuilees ot Georgia, aud
fub. to Great Britam, It ftands en
a fieep bank of the river, 45 foot
high pcipendicularly from the ware.-,
Save, n river of Germany, which
riling in Carinihia runs E, tliro' <^'ar.
niola and Croatia, and continuing
its '.ourre S. E. forms the boundaiy
between Sclavonia and Turky, d;i.
charging ititlf into the Danube at
Belgrade,
Savigliano, E. Ion, 7* 25. ht,
44. 32. a town of Italy, in the pr.
of Piedmont, lit. 21 m, S. of Tu-
rin, fub. to the K. of Sardinia
Saumur, u.^der the mcridi.in of
London, lat. 47. 17. a city ofFrnnce,
in the pr. of OrJeanois and D. ot
Anjou, fit. on the river Loyre, 24
m. S. E, of Angers.
Savof. AxiA, a fubdivifion of
Finland in Ruflia, bounded by Cju
nia on the N. by Kexholm on the E,
by C.irelia on the S. and Buthnia on
the W.
Savon A, E, Ion. 9. lat. 44. 25.
a c:ty and port town of the ter. or
Gi'noa, fit. on the bay of Genoa, ;6
m. S. W. of the city of Geti'^a.
Savoy duchy is fii. betv.ccT
France and Italy, on the \V. fide of
tlie Alps, bounded by the Jake and
ter. of Geneva on the N. by Swit-
zerland and Piedmont on the E, iiy
another part of Piedmont and Dau-
phine on the S. and by Franche Comp-
te and Diuphine on the W. It is a
barren country, generally being cn-
cumberM with the high, cold moun-
tains of the Alps J however, there
are fome pleafant, fruitful valltys,
producing corn, wine, and fruit j and
they have large herds of Ciitule, .ind
abundance of game, venifon, and
wild fowl, in tJicir mountains, and
plenty of filh in their lakes and ri-
vers. Their greateft misfortune is,
that they lie open to the incurliuns
of the French j and whenever their
prince is at war with that kingdom.
Savoy is firfi made fenfible of the ra-
vages of the French troops, and us'd
as a conquer'd country, tho' upon
every treaty of peace it has hitherto
S A
S C
been reftorM to the D. of Savoy (at
prefcnt K. of SardiniJ.)
Saxenhac. FN, \L. long. 9. 6.
ht. 52. 35. a town of Ger nany, in
the cir. I'f W<'(fphalia, and toiuity
of Siliawenburg, fit. ao m. N. W .
of Hanover,
Saxmunpham, E. Ion. I. 3S.
Jar. 52. 22. a market fown of Suf-
iolk, fit, 32 m. E. of Bury.
Saxon V, the noithcrn divifion
of Germany, comprelicnds the up-
per and lower circles of Snxonv,
which are bounded by the Baltic fe.i,
Denmark, and the German ocean,
on the N. by Poland and Silefia on
the E. Hy Bohemia, Francoiiia, and
Ian. of MciTe Cailbl, on the S. and
by the cir. of Weffphalia on the W.
fit. between S and 18 degrees of E.
Ion. and bctweeji ^o and 55 degrees
of N. hr.
Saxony upper circle com-
preher,Hs, i. TJie duchy of Saxony.
z. The marqiiifare of Minia, or
Mifleirr, and Voigtiand. 3. The
m-irquifatc of Lufaiia. 4. The du-
chiesof Sax-Flail, Sax -Mi.rlburg,Sax-
Naumburg, Sax-Altemburg. 5. The
marquifate and electorate of Rran-
denburgh j and, 6. The duchy of
Pomerania, To thcfeadd the ter, of
Anh.ilt andTliurintjia, which are alfo
fubdivilions of Upper Saxony.
Saxony duchy, to which the
dedtorate is annexed, is a fmall
country, bounded by Brandenburg
on the N. by Lufatia on the E. by
Mifnia on the S. and by Anhalt on
the W. the chief town W;::cnburg,
tho' the Eledor, the prefcnt K. of
Poland, refides ufually at Urel'den,
the capital of Mifnia.
Saxony lower circle com-
prehends the duchies of Mecklen-
burg, Hollkin, Lawenburg, Lunen-
bur;, Zell, Bremen, and the princi-
pality of Verden ; the duchies of
Riunfwic, Hanover, and Magde-
burg ; the principality of Halberfbt,
anJ the biihopric of Hilde(heim,
Saybrook, W. long. 72, lat.
4T. a port town of New England
w America, in the pr. of Coaaec-
ticut, fit. at the mouth of the rivtr
Coiintdicul, S5 miles S, W. of
Boflon.
Say COCK, or Bongo, E. Idn«
130. lac. 32. one of the ifl mds of
J.ip.in, divided from the great illanJ
of J:ip3n or Niphon, by a narrow
cliannel, on the N. as it is from the
ifland of Tonfa, by another channel,
on tlic N. E. On the VV. fide of
this iflano lies the little ifi.ind of Dif-
nia, where the Dutch fai^ors are
permitted to re'.iJe.
Sc A G r. .V, or S c a f; KR I F F, a
promontory or cape ef North Jut-
land in DeniTiaJc, at the entrance of
the Scicerraik fea, or pallaije out of
the ccean into the Baltic ka, fir. in
10 i!ei;rees of E. Ion, and 5S ceip-ces
of Nflat.
Scala, E. Ion. 15. 5. lat. 40*
^o. a town of Italy in the K. of Na-
ples, fit, on the gulph of Salcmo,
20 m. S. of NAples.
ScALiTs, E. ] on. 18. Jat. 49.
a town of Upper Hungary, fit. on
the confines of Moravia, 35 m. N.
cf Picfburg.
Scalloway, W. long. 1, 5,
lat. 61. 12. a town on the W. fide
of Mainland, one of the illands of
Shetland, in the co. of Orkney in
Scotland, 130 w. N. E. of Cathnefs,
fub. to Great- Britain.
SCANDEROON, E. JoH. 37. lat.
36. 15. a port town of Afiatic Tur-
ky, ill. on the coalt of the Leiler
Afia, 50 m. N. E. of the ifland of
Cyprus. It is the port town to-
A'cppo, with which the Englirti and
other European merchants have a
confiderable traue.
ScANniNAviA formerly confift-
ed of the kingdoms of Sweden, Deh-
mark, and Noi way, which were fomc-
times govern'd by one fovercign, and
at others by more : They are at pre-
fent under the dominion of theKirrgi
of Sweden and Denmark.
ScAkA, E. ion. 14. Jat, 58. 76,
a town of Sweden, in the pr. of W,
Gothland, fit. 66 m. N. E. of Got-
tenburg.
Scarborough, under ths me-
ridiaa
s c
s c
vidian of Londan, lat. 54* 1%, a bo-
tough and port town of Vorkftire,
fit. on the German ocean, 37 m.
N. B. of Y^rlc, refortcd to in the
fummer by great numbers of nobility
tand gentry, on account of its excel-
lent mineral \v.Ucrs j fends two
members to parliament.
Scar DONNA, E. long. 17. 25.
lat. 43. 55. a port town of D;ilma-
tia, fit. on a bay of the gulph of Ve-
n'cc, 45 m. N. of SpaUttO) fub. to
Venice.
ScAROS, or Sards, E» Ion. 20.
40. lat. 4S. 55. a town of Upper
Hungary, fit. near the Carpathian
mountains, 45 m. N, of Tockay.
ScARPANTo^ E. ion. 17. lat.
36. an ifland in the Mediterranean,
lit. 20 m. S. W. of Rhodes, and 40
m. N, E. of Candia^
ScarpE, a river of the Nether-
lands, which rifcs in the pr» of Ar-
tois, and running N. E. pafles by
Arras, Douay^ and St. Amand^ fall-
ing into the river Scheld, a little be-
low Mortaigne.
ScHAFFiiQUoF, One of the mod
northern Ciiuone of S^vitzerland, lit.
on therivc! Uliine, bounded by Ger-
many on yhc N. the ter» of Gon-
ftance on tiio t. Zuric on the S. and
B-ifil on ilic W.
SCHAFF HOUSE, E. lon. 8> 40.
lat. 47. 42. cap, of the, tanton of
'. Scluffhouic, fit. 12 m* W. of Con-
ilance.
SCHALHOLT, W. loH. ,19. lat.
64. 30. cap, of the ifland of Iceland,
fit. 800 m. W* of Dronthcim in
Norway, fub. to Denmark*
ScHAMACHiA, E. lon. 50. lat»
41. a city of Perfia, in the pr. of
Chirvan, fit. on the W. fide of the
Cafpian fea, 250 m. Ni E» of Tauris,
SCHANS-STERNEY, E. loH. 31.
15. lat. 60. a fcrtrefs of Rufiian
Finland, in the pr, of Carelia, lit.
on the river Nieva, a little to the
«a{>ward of Petcr{burg»
S'CHARDING, Ek loni 13» 25.
lat. 48. 20. a town of Germany in
the cir. of Bavaria, fit* on the fiver
Iiin, 7 m» S. of Paflau*
ScMA WENBURG, a CO, in theclr,
of Wtftphalia. fub. to the Lander,
of Heire-CaHel.
ScHEi. n, a river of the Nctlu-r.
lands, which rifcs in the confines cf
Picardy, and runs N. E. by C:id;.
bray, Bouchain, Valenciennes, (Jon.
de, 'I'ournay, and Oudennrde, .i- i
receiving the Lis at Ghent, tu<.\
E. by Dendermond, and then N. ij
Antwerp, below which city it uividcs
into two branches, one called il;:
Weller Scheld, which fv;paratcs FLir.
dors from Zeland, and dilchargcs it;'e!f
into the fea near Flufliing : the other
branch is called the OfterSchelJ,
dividing from the Wcfter-Scheld, at
SandvJiet, runs N. by Bergcn-op.
eoom, and afterwards W. between
the illands of Bovcland and Schowcn,
and a little below fulls into the (ea,
SCHKLI-AjE. lon. 18. lat. 48. 31,
a town of Upper Hungary, fit. on the
river Waag, 27 m. N. E. of Prefburg,
bCHELLENBURG, E. lon. H,
iati 48. 45, a fortrel's of Germany,
in the cir* of Bavaria, fit. on the
river Danube, neat Donawert, 22 m,
Wt of Ingolrtadt, memorable for the
vidlory obtain'd here by the confe-
derates commanded by the Duke of
Marlborough, over the French ani
Bavarians, a.r.o 1704.
SCHELLING, E. Ion. 5. 20. Ut.
53. 34. an ifland of Holland, fit,
at the entrance of the Zuyder fea,
between Flie Ifland and Amebnd.
ScHEMNiTz, E. lon. 19. lat,
48. 40k the cap» of the mine townj
in Upper Hungary, fit. 60 m. N.E,
, of Prefburg, Hear which place is a
rich filver mine.
SCHENECTIDA, W. lon. "Jl, 30,
lat. 42. 30. a fortrefs of New York
in America, fit. on Hudfon's river,
in the pr. of Albany, adjoining to the
country of the Iroquois, loo m. N. of
New York city, fub. to Great Britain,
SCHENKEKSHANS, E. loH. 6.
lat. 5t» 52. a fortrefs of Germany,
in the cir. of Weflphalia, and D. ot
Cleves, fit. on the rivers Rhine and
Waal, 12 m. £. of Nimeguen, i^ub.
to the Kt of PruiHa,
SCHET-
s c
s c
c
on.
31.
22 m,
20, Ut.
nd, fit,
yder fea,
ebnd.
19. ht.
me towni
m. N.E.
ace is a
72. 30.
w York
m's river,
ng to the
im.N.ot
t Britain,
Ion. 6.
Jermany,
and D. ot
.hine and
len, fufct
SCHET-
SCHITLAND, or SlUtTLAKO,
iflands, fit. between i deg. E. and
t deg. W. Ion. and between 61 and
631 deg> of N. lat. conftitute part of
the CO. of Orkney, or Orcades, in ,
Scotland, and are fit. upwards of 100
m. N. £. of Cathnefs in Scotland,.
rnofl valuable on account of the
bcrring-fifliery on their ihores ; of
which the Dutch reap the greateft
advantage, for here they begin to fiih
annually on Midfummer-day, with
a great many hundred buHes, foU
lowing the Hioals of herrings down to
Yarmouth on the coail of Norfolk,
where they arrive about Michaelmas,
The iflands of Shetland are about 40
in number, but not all of them in>
habited ; the chief of them, called
Mainland, being about 60 m. long,
and 20 broad, the government the
fame as ir the other counties of
Scotland, being fub. to Great Bri-
tain.
ScHiRAS, or Skekas, E. Ion.
53. lat. 30, a city of Pcrfia, in the
pr. of Fars, fit. 180 m. S. of Ifpa*
han, reckoned the fecond city in the
kingdom. It ftands in a fine fruitful
valley, and is about feven miles in
circumference. The vineyards and
wines in the neighbourhooid of Schi'
ras are the beft in Perfia. About 30
tn, N. £. of Schiras ftood '^srfepolis,
the metropolis of ancient Perfia,
whofe nagnificent ruins exceed any
thing that is to be found ia Rome.
SCHLESTAT, E. lon. J. 30. lat,
^S, 17. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of the Upper Rhine, and Ian. of
Alface, fit. 18 m. S. of Strafturg;
fub. to France.
ScHONxcx, E. lon. 6. 6. lat. 50.
15. a town of Germany, in the cir,
of the Lower Rhine, and eleAorate
of Triers, fit. 23 m. S. of Limburg.
ScHONEN, the moft foothern pr.
of Gothland, in Sweden, feparated
from Zciand in Denmark by the
narrow ftrait of the Sound.
SCHOONHOVEN, E. loO. 4, 45.
lat. 52. a town of the United Ne-
tberlaads^ in the pr. of HoUaad^ fit,
on the river Leek, 14 m. E. of Rot«
terdam.
ScHORNDORr, E. lon. 9. 2%,
lat. 48. 45. a town of Germany, in
the cir. of Suabia, and D, of Wittem-
burg, fit, 18 m. £. of Stutgart.
ScHousTEfi, £.100.48. lat. 31.
15. a city of Perfia, in Afia, in the
pr. of Chufif^an, fit. izom.S. W,
of Ifp9han, fuppofed to be the an-
cient Shuihan.
ScHOWEN, one of the iflands of
Zeland, in the United Provinces, fit.
between the iflands of Goree and Be.
vcbnd, being 15 m. long, and 6
broad ; the chief town Zirickzee.
ScHUT, an ifland of Hungary,
formed by the Danube, on the con-
fines of Auftria, being 20 m. long,
and 15 broad t this was granted to
that celebrated general Prince Eugene-
of Savoy, for his fervices againft-
France and Turky, by the late eln* <
peror.
SCHWABEN. SeeSWASIA.
SCHWALBASH, £. lon. J, 50,
lat. 50. 8. a town of Germany, in
the cir. of the Upper Rhine, in the
tcr. of the Wettcraw, and county of.
NaiTau, fit. 8 m. N. cf Mentz.
SCHWARTSBURG, £, lOH, IT.
6. lat. 50. 45. a town of Germany,.
in tbq cir. of Upper Saxony, an^ Ian.
of Tht^r^ngia, fit. a8 m. NiBi. of-
Gotha, fub. to its own count of the
houfe of Saxony.
ScHWART.CENBy«C,E.lon. lO. .
22. lat, 49. 45. a town of Germany,
in the cir. of Francooia, fit. 20 m, .
£.. of Wurt/burg, fub to its owa
count.
ScHWATs, E. lon. ii« 50. lat,
4.7. 2o> a town of Germany, in the ;
CO. of Tyrol, fit. on the river Inn, :
2Q m. N. £. of Infpruc, near which >
town are filver mines : it is fub. to.
the houfe of Auftria.
ScMWEiDNiTz» E. lon. 16, 25.
lat. 50.47. a town of the K. of Bo*
hemia, in the D. of Siiefia, cap. of-,
a D. of the fame name, fit* 26 m.
S. of Bredaw.
S€HVEiN.ruRT, E. Joa. 10. !<;..
H h. lat,
s c
lat. 50. 15. a city of Germany, in
the cir. of Franconia, and birti. of
Wurt/burg, fit. on the river Maine,
3 j m. N. of Wurt/burg, an imperial
city, or fovereign ftatc.'
SciLLY, W. ion. 7. lat, 50. a
clufter of iflands and rocks, fit. in
the Atlantic ocean, 30 m. "W, of
Cornwal, the moft wefterly aunty
of England, dangerous to be ap-
proached by Grangers, on account of
the hidden rocks, and have been
very fatal to many (hips o four own
nation on their return home, parti-
cularly Admiral Shovel, with three
other men of war, were caft away
here on the 22d of Odtobcr 1707, in
the night-time, in their return from
the Mediterranean, and the fiege of
Toulon, there being near 1000 peo-
ple on board the Admiral, feveral of
them gentlemen of quality, both of
Spain and England. There is how-
ever a fafc pafTagc to thefe iflands,
where (hips aie furnlfhed with pilots
from :'.i» place, and there are ibme
fecure harbours in them, laige enough
to receive the royal navy.
Scio, E. Ion. 17. lat. 39. an
Hland of Turky, in the Archipelago.
See Chios.
SciRo, E. Ion. 25. lat. 38. 15.
an ifland of Turky, in the Archi-
pelago, fit. W.' of NegropOnt, from
whichi it is fcparated by a channel
20 m. btoad. This ifland was called
.Skyros from the ruggednefs of its fur-
face, being full of rocks.
ScLAvoNi;«, including Ratzia,
if bounded by the rivers Drave and
Danube, which feparate it from Hun-
gary, on the N. E. by the river Save,
'whxh divides it from the Turkifli
provinces of Servia and Bofnia, on'
the S. W. and by Croatia and the
CO. of Cilley on the W. being 200
m. long, and 6u broad, a fine level
fruitful country, where it is culti-
vated, buf having been for many
years a frontier pr. ag;»inft Turky,
and fiibje£> to the ravages of the
^Ihril^ian as well as Tutkrflt armies,
it has produced but little corn or
wiac I the chief tt^wn is Tofegfl,
s C
which, vrlth the whole country, !■
fubje£t to the houfe of Auflria ;
the people a mixture of Greek and
Latin Chriftians. The Ratziant in-
habit the eaftern divifion of this
country.
Scone, or Scoon, W. Ion. 3,
15. lat. 56. a8. a town of Scotland,
in the co. of Perth, fit. dn the river
Tay, 30 m. N. of Edinburgh. Here
the Kings of Scotland were ufuallj
crowned.
ScoFiA, or UscoPTA, E. Ion.
22. 15. lat. 42. 20. a town of Eu-
ropean Turky, in the pr. of Servia,
fit. near the foot of mount Rhodopc,
on the river Morava, 70 m. S. ot"
NilTa.
Scotland, e«clufive of the
iflands, is fit. between i and 6 de-
grees of W. Ion. and Ipetween 54.
30. and 59. 30. N. lat. bounded by
the Northern, or Caledonian ocean,
on the N. by the German ocean on
the E. by England and Solway frith
on the S. and by the Irifh fea and
the Atlantic ocean on the W. being
300 m. in length, from N. to S.
and from 50 to 150 in breadth,
from E. to W. being indented, and
almoft cut through, in many places,
by bays of the lea, and confequently
abounding in excellent harbours. The
country is great part of it mountain-
ous and barren towards the N. but
there are feveral rich valleys in the
S. abounding in corn and cattle j
but both their horfes and neat rat-
tle are fmall j many of the latter
they drive to the S. of England, and
fell them lean. And tho' their foil
be not the moft fruitful, yet are they
in fome refpedts better fituated than
England, particulajly as to the her-
ring-fifliery, which might be car-
ried on to greater advantage by them
than by the Dutch, the herrings
keeping chiefly upon their tcjit,
where they might take them with
lefs expencc than the Dutch do, and
might cure and export them U) Cer-
m.uiy and the countries bordering 01
the Baltic, fooner than the Dutch
could ; but then thii requires a ftork,
4 '"'
S E
S E
fer which a provifion feemed to have
been made by the equivalent money
nasi them at the union \ but this was
Iquandered away, or converted into
a bubble, which has difcouiaged en«
lerprizing people from being concern-
ed in the tiniery. They have alfo a
liaen manufa6lure, which, if encou-
raged by England, might be another
fund of wealth j but there feeros to
be an unlucky maxim prevail, viz.
that it is the intereft of England to
keep Scotland and Ireland low }
whereas, if they abounded in wealth,
they would bear a Hiaie in the ex-
pences of the government, and con-
tribute to enrich England by the con-
ftani rcfort of their great men to the
mttropolis, where they would lay
out great part of the fortunes they
(hould acquire by either of the a-
bovementioncd improvements,
Scotland New, in North A-
mcrica, fit. between 63 and 70 de-
grees of W. Ion. and between 43 and
51 degrees of N. lat, the chief town
Anapolis. SeeAcADiE.
ScRivAN, W. Ion, 82. lat. jo.
a port town of the pr. of Darien, in
Terra Firmri, iii S. America, fit. 56
m. E. of Porto Bello.
ScuTARET, or Scutari, a
caftle and feraglio on the E. fiJe of
the Bofphorus, oppofite to Condan-
tinople, and a mile diftant from it,
to which the Grand Signior and court
frequently retire. Afia.
Scutari, E. Ion. ao. lat. 42.
30. a civy of European Turky, in
the pr. of Albania, fit. 25 m. £. of
the g'llph of Venice, and 50 m. E.
of Rjgufa } called by the Turks
Ifcodar.
ScYLLA, a rock in the ftraits of
MeiVina, between Naples and Sicily,
which mariners were in danger of
being driven upon, by avoiding that
ofCharybdis.
ScvTHiA, the northern parts of
Europe and Afia were anciently fo
called, which afterwards obtained the
name of Tartary,
Seaford. a Dort town of SufTex,
fit. on the Englidi channel^ 7 m. S.
of Lewes ; fends two members to
parliament.
Seaton, W. Ion. 1.44. lat. 56.
a port town of Scotland, in the co,
of Lothian, fit. on the frith of Forth,
9 m. E. of Edinburgh.
Sebastian (St.) W. Ion. 1. 50,
lat. 43. 35. a port town of Spain,
in the pr. of Bifcay, and ter. of Gui-
pufcoa, fit. 55 m. E. of Bilboa, and ,
25 m. S.W, of Bayonne. In this
port have been feen upwards of ico
English merchant (hips at a time,
which have been made prizes by the
Spanifh privateers, in the late war
with Spain.
Se BEN ICO, E, Ion. 17. 20. lat.
43. 40. a port town of Dalmatia,
fit. on a bay of the gulph of Venice,
40 m. N. of Spalatioj fub. to Venice,
StBouRG, E. Ion. 3. 30. lat. 50.
44. a town of Hainall, in the French
Netherlands, fit. 6 m. E. of Valen-
ciennes, and 5 m. S. of Conde.
Secanora, E. Ion. 79. lat. 27.
a city of the Hither India, in Alia,
fit. in the pr. of Agra, 40 m. N. ni
the city of Agra -, fub. to the Mo-
gul. This is faid to be the utnioll
limits of Alexander's conquefls, and
called Alexandria, anciently, havmg
been built by that prince.
Sec HI A, a river of Italy, which
runs from S. to I^ thro' the D. of
Modena, and part of Mantua, falls
into the river Fo, a little below St.
Benedito.
Sec K AW, E. Ion. 15. lat. 47.
30. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Auftria, and pr. of Stiria, fit. 40
m. W. of Grata ; fub. to the houfe
of Auffria.
Seckincen, E. Ion. 7> 40, Iat«
47. 40. one of the foreft towns in
the cir. of Suabia, in Germany, fit.
on the N. fide of the river Rhine }
fub. to the houfe of Auftria.
Sedan, E, Ion. 4. 45. lat. 49*
46* a town of Champain, m France^
fit. on the river Maes, 44 m. S, of
Namur, and 40 m. W. of Luxem-
burg.
Seeland. See Zealand,
Sees, £. ion. 20 min. lat. 48*
N h X ^Ot
/A .
■M
S E
S E
50, a city of France, in the pr, of
'Kormandy, fit. 55 m. S. W, of
Rouen, and 38 S, E. of Caen.
Skoe-berg, E. Ion. xo. lat. 54.
35, a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Lower Saxony, and D. of Hol-
bein, fit. 27 m. N. £. of Hamburgh,
SKGEorNy E. Ion. zi. iat. 46. 21.
« city of Upper Hungary, fit. on the
Ti?er TeyfiTe, 30 m. N. E. of Effcck.
Segeswabe, £. Ion. 24. ht.
47. 25, a city of Tranfilvania, fit,
'50 m. N, of Hermanflat j fub, to
the hoafe of Auflria,
Segna, E. Ion. i6. lat. '45. 20.
a port town of Morlachia, fit, on
•he E. fide of the gulph of Venice,
a7 m. E. of the ille of Cherfo j fub,
«t) Venicej
Secni, E. Ion. 13 35. laf. 41,
40, a town of Italy, in the Pope's
ter. and Campania of Rome, fit. 36
4n. E. of Rome.
Segorbe, W. Ion, 50 min. lat,
39. 50, a city of Spain, in the pr.
%}f Valencia, fit. 30 m. N. W, of
Valencia.
Segovia, E. Ion. 1x9. lat. 18.
30: a city of Manila, the largeft of
the Philippine iflands, in Afia, fit.
ac the N. end of the ifland, 240 m,
K. of the city of Manila, fub. to
Spain.
Segovia, W. Ion. 4. 35. lat.
41. a city of Spain, in the pr, of
Old Caftile, near the confines of
#Jew Caftiie, (it. on the river Ele-
jena, 35 m. N, of Madrid, A wool-
len manufa£lure is lately «ftabliihed
^tete,
Sbgra, a river of Spain, which
tifes in theN. of Catalonia, and runs
S. W. thro' that pr. pafling by Bala-
f uer and Lrrida, and difcharging it-
felf into the £bro at the town of
Miquinenta.
Skgvr A, W. loh« 7, 20* lat. 39,
ftO. a town of Portugal, in the pr. of
Beira, near the frontiers of Spain,
^o m. N. W. of Alcantara.
SsGVRA, W. Ion. 2. 50. lat.
3B. 15. a town of S^in, in the pr,
of New Cafiile, and ter. of La Man-
chai 'fit* tmong the nountaias of
Segura,,35:,njil.es N. E. of Baeza,
Seinsheim,E. Ion. 10, 15. iat,
49. 40. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Franconia, fit. 35 ni, N.W.
©f Nuremburg,
Seir, or HoR, E. Ion. 35, !at,
19. 30. a mountain in Arabia petrxa,
in Afia, fit. between Egypt and I'a-
Icftine, 140 m. E, of Grand Cairo,
fub. to the Turks.
Seland* See Zealand.
Selby, W. Ion. 55 min. lat. 53,
48. a town of Yorkfhire, fit, 10 m,
S. of York,
Selimgensxoy, E. Ion. 95. ht.
'50. a town of Afiatic Mofcovy, in
the pr. of Siberia, fit. on the load
from Tobol/ki to China, on the ri-
ver Selinga, 200 m. S. of the lake
of Baikul.
Selingenstat, E. Ion. 8. 55,
lat. 50. 5. a town of Germany, in
the ter. of Mentz, fit. on the S,
fide of the river Maine, betwctn
Hanaw and AfchafFenburg.
Selkirk, W. Ion. 2. 45. Iat.
55. 26. a borough town of Scotland,
in the co. of Tweedale, fit. 32 m,
S. of Edinburgh.
Selewcia, a city of Afia, in the
pr. of Diarbec, or Mefopotamia, lit,
on the Tigris anciently, where Kag<
dat now ftands, built by Seieucus,
one of Alexander's lucceflbrs.
Semendria, £. Ion. 22. lat.
45. a town of European Turky, in
the pr. of Servia, fit, on the Danube,
30 m. S.E. of Belgrade.
Skmigalia, the eaftern divifion
of the D. of Courland, in Poland.
Seminara, £. Ion. 16. 8. lat,
38. 36. a town of Italy, in tiie K.
of Naples and farther Calabria, fit,
22 m. N. £. of Reggio.
Skmlin, or Zemlin, E. Ion.
ai. lat. 45* a town of Sdavonia, fit.
on the W. fide of the rivers Danube
and Save, oppofite to Belgrade, 70
m. $. £. of Meek, fubje£t to the
houfe of Auflria.
Semvr, £. Ion. 4, 15. Iat< 47*
24. a town of France, in the pr. of
Burgundy, fit, 34 m. W. of Dijon.
SsMUBi £. loo. ^. lat. 46. 12.
3 £
S E
:. ]on«
ia, fit.
)anube
de, 70
to the
r.47.
pr. ot
)ijon.
6. 12.
•
t town of France, in the pr. of
Burgundy, fit. 46 miles N. W. of
Lyons.
SeNDOMIR. SeeSANDOMIR.
ScNEF, £. Ion. 4. 10. lat. 50.
26. a town of the Auftrian Nether-
Jands, on the confines of Hainalt, fit.
IK m. E. of Mons.
Senegal, a river of Negroland,
in Africa, fuppofed to be the N.
branch of the river Niger, which
runs from £. to W. and difcharges
itl'elf into the Atlantic ocean, in 16
degrees N. lat. at the mouth where-
of the French have feveral forts,
which command the navigation of
that river, and from hence they im-
port that valuable drug called Gum
Sene§;al.
Senez, E. Ion. 6. lat. 44. a
town of France, in the pr. of Pro-
vence, fit. 46 m. N.E. of Aix, and
42 N.W. of Nice.
Sen LIS, £. ton. 2. 30. lat. 49.
10. a town of France, in the pr. of
the ifle of Fiance, fit. 26 m. N. of
Paris.
Senne, a river of the Auftrian
Netherlands,which rifes in Hainault,
and runs N. into Brabant, paHlng
by Halle and BruiTels, and laUing
into the river Demer below Mechlin
or Malines.
Sens, £. Ion. 3. 23. lat. 48. 6.
t town of France, in the pr. of
Champ.-iin, fit. on the river Yonne,
60 m, S. E. of Paris. <
Seraio. See Bosna^Serajo.
Seravalle, £. Ion. 9 15. lat.
44. 50. a town of Italy, in the D.
of Milan, on the confines of Genoa,
fir. 24. m. N. of the city of Genoa.
Sercelli, E. Ion. 4* lat. 37.
a puit town of Algiers, on the coaft
of Batbary, in Africa, a little W,
of the city of Algiers.
Seregippe, W. Ion. 39. S. lat.
II. a city and port town ot' Brazil,
in S. America, in thtpr. of Sere-
gippe, fit. on the Atlantic ocean,
no m. N. E. of the city of St. Sal-
vador, fub. to Portugal.
Serena. See Coq^uimbo, a
port town of Chili in S. Amcrivat
Skrpa, W. Ion. 8. ao. lat. 57.
45. a town of Portugal, in the pr. of
Alentejo, fit. on the £. fide of the
river Guadiana, 40 m. S. of Cvora.
S E R v I A, a prov. of European
Tut icy, buuiided by the Save and
the Danube, which leparatc it from
Sclavonia and Walachia, on the N.
by Bulgaria on the E. by Albania
and Macedon, from which it is fe«
parated by mount Rhodope or Ar«
gentum, on the S. and by Bo'hia
and Dalmitia on the W. being up>
wards of zoo m. in length, and 100
in breadth, the chief "ity Belgrade.
This pr. is fir, in a very happy cli-
mate, and a fruitful foil, producing
both corn and wirie where it is culti-
vated, but being a frontier pr. a&brds
little ot either.
Sesane, E. Ion. 3. 50. lat. 48.
40. a town of France, in the pr. pf
Champain, fit. 30 m. S. W. of Cha-
lons.
SfsiA, a river of Italy, which
runs from the N.W, to the S. E.
through the pi. of Verceil, in Pied-
mont, and palling by the city of
Vercelli, falls into the Po beluvr
Cafal.
Sessa, £. Ion. 14. 36. lat. 41*
16, a town of Italy, in the K. v>f
Naples^ and ter. of Lavoro, fit. a little
W. of the Tufcan fca, 24 m. N. v£
Naples.
Sestos, E. lonKa7. 30. lat. 49.
a fortrefs of European I'utky, ftt,
at the entrance of the Hellcfpont gr
Dardanells, 24 m. S. W. of Gal*
lipoli.
Settikes. SeeATHENs. '
Setimo, £. Ion. 7. 32. lat. 4$.
a town of Italy, in the pr. of Pied-
mont, fit. on the river Po, S m. N.
of Turin,
Setti, or CiTTi, E. Ion. 3.
36. lat. 43. 26. a port town pf
France, in the pr. of L^ngocdoc, fit,
on a bay of the Mediterranean, 14
m» S. W. of MontpeJier,
Settle, V/, Ion. 2. 8. lat. 54.
a market town in the Wed Ri.
ding of V'cikfliirc, fit. 45 ni. \V. of
Y»'rk,
H h 3 Setuvai,,
S E
8 H
SzTWAL, a port town of PoN
SeVEMNES. SeeCEV£N5ES.
Skvenoak, £. Ion. 9 min. lat.
5 1 . ao. a market town of Kent, fit.
• 14 m. W. of Maidftone.
Sever (St.) W. Ion. 40 itoin.
Jar. 43. 50. a town of France, in the
pr. of Gafcony, fit, on tlie river
'Adour, 38 m. N. £, of Bayonne.
Sevekino (St.) E. Ion. 17. 30.
lat. 39. 16. a city of Naples, in the
' pr. of Calabria, fit. 8 m. W, of the
Tufcan fea, and 45 m. £. of Co-
' fenza. The fee of an archb.
StvERiNO (St.) E. Ion. 15, lat.
'43. a town of Italy, in the Pope's
ter. and mar. of Ancona^ fit. 20 m.
S. E. of Lcretto.
Severn, a river which rifes In
Montgomery ihire, runs E. till it en-
ters ShropHiire, and having pafl'ed
l>y Shfewibury, turns S. palling by
Bridgnorth, Worcefter, and Glocefter,
and difcharges itfelf into the Briftol
rhnnnel j it is a very fvf 1ft Aream,
and navigable from Welch Pool in
Montgomeryfhire, receiving forty ri-
vers in its courfe, and frequently
•verflows die countries thro* which
it runs.
Sevikro, ^. Ion. 16. 11. lat.
4T. 32. a town of Italy, in the K.
. ' «f Naples, and ter. of the Capitioat,
#t. 65 m. N. £. of Naples. The
fee of a bifh.
Seville,>V. Ion. 6. lat. 37, 15.
• city of Spain, tso, of the pr. of
Andalufia, (it. on the river Guadal-
^livir, 50 m. N. E, of the port
town of St. Lucar, 70 m. N. E,
•f Cadis, and upwards cf 200 nu
S. W. cf Madrid, the city is of a
tircular form, about 8 no. in circum-
ference, cncompgfTed with an old wall
•nd antique towers, the ftreets nar-
row, bat well builr, the inhaibitants
computed at three hundred thuu-
faod ; ic is the fee of an archbiihop,
l^hofc revenues amount to thirty
ttoufand pounds ftitrling per ani). no
■ fown abounded mere in wealth than
A*s, tt ikt lift ag«, Yihta ail ibe
treaTares of America were , brought
hitber } but the city of Cadiz, where
the Galleons rendezvous at prefent,
comes in now for a fliare of this
rich traffic. The fuuation of this
town on a fine river, and in one of
the moft beautiful and extenfive
plains in Europe, renders it a very
defirable abode, efpecially as their
evenings are ufually ferene, and in.
vite all people to t^ke the freHi air
in the neighbouring fields and gar-
dens, which abound in a variety of
fine flowers , and fruits in almoA
every feafon of the year. It was
the feat of the Gothic kings, and
afterwards the cap. of the moil con.
flderable Moorifh kings j and the
cathedral was originally a Moorilh
mofque, and one of the mod magni.
ficent flruflures in Spain.
Sevoliv, or Secewolp, £. Ion.
25. lat. 57. 25. a town of Livonia,
fit. 30 m. N.£. of Riga, fub, to
RufTia.
Se YNE> a river of France, which
rifes near Dijon in Burgundy, runs
N. W. thro* Champain and the ide
of France, vifiting Troyes and Portj,
continuing its courfe N.W. croiTes
Normandy, pafllng by the city of
Roueo, and falling into the Britiih
channel between Havre de Grace and
Honfleur.
SHArrsBVRY, W. Ion. 2. 20.
lat. 51.6. a borough town of Dorfet'
(hire, fit. 25 m. N. E. of Dorchefter,
from whence the noble family uf
A(hley Cooper took the title of earl ^
fends two members to parliament.
Shannon, the largell river of
Ireland, which rifing in the county
of Leitrim, runs from N. to S. <)i*
viding the pr. of Leinfter and Con*
naught, and then turning S. W. runs
thro' the pr. of Munfter, palling by
the city of Limeric, difcharging it*
felf into the weftcrn or Atlantic ocean
between (he counties of Clare ani
Limeric.
Sheepwash, W. I0TV4. 24. lat.
^o. 5a, a town of Devon, fit. 30 m.
N. W..of fiactcr,
Suir*
S H
S I
SiiErriELD, W. Ion. j. ic. lit.
5,3, a6. a market town of York-
fhire, fit. 3S miles South Weft of
Yotk.
She* FORD, W. long. 25 min.
lat. 52. a market town of Bedford-
Aire, fit. 7 m* S. of Bedford,
Sr.EFFNAt, W, Ion. s. 27, Jat,
52. 4.0. a market town of Shrop-
shire, fit. 14 miles S. £. of Shrewf-
bury.
Sheilds, or Sheals, W. Ion.
1. lat. 55. a port town of Durham,
fit. at the mouth of the river Tyne,
8 miles E. of Newcaftle, where the
Newcaftle fleets ride and take on
board their coals j and here great
quantities of fait are made.
Shepfey, an ifland at the mouth
of the river Medway, part of the
county of Kent, and feparated from
the main by a narrow channel, 7 m.
, N. W. of Canterbury j chief town
Q^eenborough.
Shepton-Mailet, W. Km.
2. 36. lat. 51* 15. a market town
of Sometfetflkire, fit* 15 m. S. W.
of Bath.
Sherborn, W. Ion. 2. 35. lat.
51. a market town of DorfetHiire,
fit. 15 m. N. of Dorchefter,
Srerborn, W. Ion. i. 5. lat.
53. 46. a market town of the Weft
Biding of Yorkfliire, fit. 12 m. S.
W. of York.
Sherbro, W. <ldn. II. lat. 6.
a fort at the mouth of Sherbro river
on the coaft of Guiney in Africa,
fit. 100 m. S. E. of Sifrra Leon,
in pod'effion of the Engliih.
Shereness, E. long. 50 min.
lat. 51. 25. a fort on the N. W.
point of the ifle of Sheppcy in Kent,
fit. at the mouth of the river Med-
way, to defend the entrance of that
river* ..
Shoreham, W. Ion. 12 min.
lat. JO. 50. a borough and port
town of Suircx, fit. 25 m, E. cf
Cliichcfter j fends two members to
parlinment,
SflKESVSBURY, W. Ion, 2. 46.
iat* 52. 46. a boroiifh town gf
*i4. ■ ; f - >
Shropfliire, capital of the ceXinty ;
fit. on the river Severn, 150 m. N,
W. of London j fends two mem-
bers to parliament.
Shropshire, a county of Eng.
land, bounded by Chefhire on the
N. StafFordfliire on the E. Hereford-
ihire on the S. and Montgomery*
Ijire on the W.
Si AM, a kingdom comprehend-
ing the greateft part of the Furth<;r
Peninfula of India in Afia, (viz.)
X. Siam Proper, 2. Cambodia, 3.
Laos, aftd 4. Malacca ; extends frdm
the firft to the 25lh degree of N. lat.
and lies between 96 and 104 de-
grees of E. Ion. being bounded by
the kingdoms of Ava and Tipra on
the N. by Tonquin and Cochin Chi-
na, and the bay of Siam on the E,
by the Indian ocean and the ftraits
of Malacca on the S« and by the bay '
of Bengal on the W. being upwards
of 2000 m. in length from N. to S.
and from 100 to 200 m* broad.
This, like other flat countries
which lie between the equator and
the tropic of Cancer, h annually
overflow'd by Violent rains when
the fun is in the northern fighs,
for which reafbn their houfes are
built on pillars, and they have no
communication with each other
but by boats for fome months ; rice
is the principal grain the country
yields, their watecy fituation being
very proper for it, and this is the
principal food of the inhabitants,
befides which they eat the tropical
fruits, roots and herbs, but riiot
mdch flefh or fifli ; the fleih of their
hogs is much the beft, and efteem'd
the wholfomeft in all hot countries ;
this peninfula of Siam abounds in
elephants more than any other part
of the world, and thefe are the
greateft ftrength of their armies, but
are of little ufe againft Europran
forces, who foon tei rify and diforder
thefe animals with their great guns
and fire\vorks. The king of Siam
is not only ibvereign but proprietor
of «U iJab lAndt in tht cottotry, and
recti vei
SI
SI
fceeives a tent from every man that
cultivates the ground, he is alfo the
chief merchant, and fufters no man
to traffic with foreigners 'till his
agents have bad the retufal of the
goods imported, which is fuch a
difcouragement to trade, that the
people apply themfelves very little
to it, his revenues are but 600,000
crowns per annum, but then all
his officers and fervants maintain
themfelves out of the lands affigned
them, as well as his foldiers ; and
his fubjefls are obliged to ferve him
in what capacity he pleafes 6 months
every year gratis. The religion of
the country is paganifm, they have
a multitude of convents and nun-
neries, and are very fevere in their
fafts and penances, and great num-
bers of them take vows of celibacy
and poverty, as our catholic friars
and nuns do j all of them believe
the dodrine of tranfmigration and a
pre-exi<lent flate, and that the foul
is only reiin'd matter.
Sib A, a province of the Hither
India in Afia, bounded by Naugra-
cut on the N. Tibet on the E.
Jamba on the S. and Lahor oa the
W. fub. to the Mogul.
Siberia, or Asiatic Russia,
formerly denominated Great Tartary,
is fit. between 60 and 130 degrees of
£. long, and between 47 and 7%
degrees of N* lat, being bounded by
the Frozen ocean on the N. by the
Pacific ocean, China, and Chinefian
Tartary on the £. by the Moguls
and U/hec Tartars on the S. and
by the rivers Oby and Irtis, which
feparate Afiatic from European
Ruffia on the W. being upwards of
aooo m. in length from E. to W.
and T 500 m. in breadth from N. to S.
the N. of it a cold, barren, unin>
habited country, covered with fnow
8 or 9 months in the year, the
fouthern prov.nces, a more fruitful
foil, but mod of the natives live a
vagrant life like the ancient Scythi.
ans and Tartars, depending chiefly
on what they take by hunting and
iUk'm^f or the produce of their Ai>ck»
and herds t there are very few townf,
and very little of the land cultivated
except near Tobol/ki the capital, to
which part of it the Swedifli prifon-
ers were bani/hed, and to which the
Ruffians fend moft of their prifoners
and fome large colonies, but Ml
there wants hands to manure the
ground j great part of Siberia re»
mains a dcfart. They have fcarce
any trade or manufa£tures, the prin-
cipal traffic of the Mufcovites of
Siberia is by fledges over the lakes
and frozen country to China in the
winter, and they have been endea.
vouring to find a way into the fea
of Japan and China by their rivers
which fall into the frozen ocean, but
have not fucceeded yet as I cati
learn j but they relate they have
met with fome rich mines of filver
and copper in the mountains of Si.
beria, which they have begun to
work. I include the Calmuc Tar.
tars within the limits of Siberia, as
they acknowledge themselves fub.
je£l to the empire of Ruffia.
SiBiT, £. Ion. 45. lat. 15. a
town of Arabia Foelix, fit. 370 m.
S. of Mecca, and J15 mile'< N, of
Moco.
SiCHBM, or Zi^HEM, £. Ion.
4. 50. lat. 51. 6. a town of the
Auiirian Netherlands, in the pr, of
Brabant, fit. on the river Demer,
iS m. £. of Mechlin or Malines.
Sicily, the largeft of the Italiiin
iflands, anciently called Trinacria
from its triangular figure, is fi:. be-
tween iz and 16 degrees of £. Ion.
and between 37 and 39 degrees of
N. lat. being about 170 m. long nnd
100 broad, it lies in a warm but
pleafant healthful climate, being con-
Aantly refreflied by cool breezes from
the fea, or the mountains, It is fe-
parated from Calabria in Italy only
by the ftrait or pharo of Meiiini,
which is not 7 m. over in the mr-
rowe^ part, but from Mcffina on the
coa/l of Sicily to Reggio on the
continent, which is the ul'ual paf-
fage, it may be izor 15 miles over,
I'he country is divided into m<nin-
t.uus
S I
S I
Cams and valleys in which there are
Abundance of fprings and rivulets,
that make both hills and vaUeys
exceeding fruitful, and which occa-
ftoned its being called the granary of
Komtt The produce of the ifland
is corn, wine, oil, filk, and excellent
'fruits, of which they export great
quantities, but in foreign bottoms
hitherto j their prefcnt monarch, of
French extraction, applies himfelf
with great diligence to encreafe their
fhipping and foreign commerce, and
has opened a trade with Turky, •
which they never had before, being,
hke the Spaniards, perpetual ene-
niles to theTurkiHi empire. Mount
£tna in this iHand is a vulcano,
which, by its hery eruptions and
earthquakes, has overturn(;d feveial
of their cities, particularly thofe of
Syracufe and Catania, on the eailern
coaft of the ifland. This mountain
is I'o high that it is furroundcd with
a circle of fnuw towards the top,
great part of the year, but advancing
a little farther, we come to the
grand vulcano, from whence there
ilfue flames and fmoak. This is a
bafon or cavity, about 6 m. in cir>
cumfcrence, the fides whereof are
encrufted with fulphur, from whence
tliere fometimes iifues a pure flame,
and the noife of this burning pit is
inconceiveably dreadful. This hill
is much larger than mount Vefu-
vius in Naples, viz. about 70 m.
in circumference at the bottom,
and the eruptions from it have been
mere frequent and more terrible
than thofe of Vefuvlus. The K. of
Naples, as well as this ifland, was
anciently called Sicily, whereupon
Don Carlos has revived the former
name, and fliles himfelf King of the
two Sicilies.
SiDEN, £. Ion. 42. 15. lat. 21.
10. a port town of Arabia, fit. on
the £. ihore of the Red fea, being the
port town to Mecca, fub. to thcArabe.
SiDMouTH, W. Ion. J. ay. lat.
50. 40. a port town of- Devon, fit,
on a bay of the Englifli channel, lo
•% S. £. of £xetM.
SiDON, or Savd, E. i6tt. 5<f,
30. lat. 33. 15. a port town of Pa-
leAine, in Afiatic Turky, fit. on the
fliore of the Levant fea, 70 m. S. of
Tripoli, and as many N. of Jerofa-
lem, anciently a magnificent city, of
great firei^th, andan extenfive trade,
and Aill a place of fome confidera-
tion« being therelidence of aTurkifh
Bafla. The Sidonians founded -the
city of Tyre.
SiDKA, E. Ion. 24. lat. 37. ahi
ifland bf the Archipelago, fit. at the
entrance of the gulph of Napoli de
Romania, fub. to Turky.
SiDRA, a fpacioos gulf, or bay,
on the coaft of Barbary, in the K.»
of Tripoli, in Africa.
SlEGEN, or SlGIN, E. Ion. 7.
45. lat. 50. 46. a city of Germany,
in the Ian. of Hefle, and ter. of
Naflau, iit. 30 m. N. of NafTau,
fub. to its own Prince.
SiEGEBKRG, £. k>n. 7. lat. 50*
4c* a town of Germany, in the cir*
of Weftphalia, and D. of Berg, fit.
15 m. S. £. of Cologn, fub. to the
Eleftor Palatine.
SrENKA, £. Ion. 12. 30. lat*
43. 2o. a city of Italy, in the D.
ofTufcany, cap. of the Sianefe, fit.
36 m. S. of Florence, on an emi-
nence, in a pleafant fruitful country,
being about 4 m. in circumference,
encompafied with a ruinous antique
wall, and defended by a citadel;
the town is thinly peopled, but e-
legantly built, and the cathedrkl
efteemed oM of the fineft pieces 6f
gothic architrAure in Italy. Sienna
is the fee of an archbifhop, and a
univerfity, and here is an aiadeniy
of wits, as in bther great cities of
Italy. The magiftr^cy of this city
confifts of a 'govtmot and fenate,
fub. however to the great Duke of
Tufcany, who has befen foverrign bt
it ever fince the year 1555, til!
when they were a powerfnl republic,
and often contended with the Flo-
rentines for empire. Sienna is noW
fubjcft to the Emperor of Germany,
SiitR'tA Lion, W. Ion. I4# lat,
7. a fott at the mouth of the rivtr
Sieii4
.^il^^iaS^^
SI
SI
^erra Leon, on the conft of Oumea,
in Aftica, in poiTeifion of the £n-
glifh.
Si£RRA MoRENA| mountains of
Andalufia, in Spain.
SiKRRA Navada, or the
Snowy Mountains, fit. in the
pr. of Granada, in Spain.
SiGAN, £. ion. io8. latt 34. a
town of China, in the pr. of Xend,
in Afia, fituete 370 miles South of
PeJcin.
SiOETH, E. Ion. i3. 30. lat. 46.
35. a town of Lower Hungary, fit.
73 m. S. W. of Buda, Tub. to the
houfe of Auilria.
SiGisTAN, £. Ion. 62. iat. 31.
a city of Perfia, cap. of the pr. of
Sigiflan, m Afia, iit. 220 m. S. W.
of Candahor.
SiGifiENCA, W. Ion. 3. 20. Iat.
41. 15. a city of Spain, in the pr. of
Old Caftite, on the confines of New
Caftile, ilt. 60 m. N. £. of Ma*
drid.
SiLBsiA Duchy, a pr. of the
K. of Bohemia, bounded by Bran-
denburg on the N. by Poland on the
£. by Hungary on the S. and by
Moravia, Bohemia proper, and Lu-
fatia on the W. claimed both by the
Q^of Hungary, and the K, of Pruf- ,
fia, but has been ceded by treaty to
the K. of Pruflia. Silefia is up-
wards of 200 m. in length, and 70
in breadth ; the mod fruitful pr. of
the K. of Bohemia, and has a good
linen manufacture, and Tome rich
filver-mincs. The mines were mort-
gaged to fome £nglifh merchants
during the late wars by the Emperor
Charles VI. and when tht prefeni K.
of Pruflia invaded Silefia, and took
pofleflion of the mines, he promi-
fed to continue the paythent of the
intereft money till the principal was
difcharged ; but he feems to have
changM his mind lately.
SiLisTRiA, £. Ion. 25. lat. 42.
40. a city of European Turlcy, in
the pr. of Bulgaria, At. 90 m. £. of
NiiTaw
SiLLEBAR, E. Ion. loi. S. lat.
4. a port town on the W* coaii of
the IHand of Sumatra in tht Ea((
Indies, a little S. of Bencoolen.
SiMEREN, £. Ion. 7, 5. lat. 50.
a city of Germany, in the palatinate
of the Rhine, fit. 35 m. £. of
Triers,
Sinai, E^ Ion. 35. lat. I9. a
mountain of Arabia Petrea, in Afia,
fit. I20 m. E. of Cairo, memora.
ble on account of the law being
given to the Jews on this mount.
And here the Greek Chriftians
have a church ancT monaftery dedj.
cated to St. Catherine, who, ac
cording to their tradition, was be.
headed at Alexandria, and brought
hither by angels } and all over the
mount are little chapels and cells,
in which, 'tis faid, were no lefs than
14,000 hermits formerly, who were
forced to remove by the Arabs that
conftantly harrafled and plundered
them.
Si Nc OP OR A, a promontory of
Malacca, in the Ead Indies, in Ada,
fit. in 2 degrees of N. lat. oppofite
to the ifland of Sumatra, which, with
this cape, forms the ftraits called the
flraits of Sincopora.
SiNiGALiA, E, Ion. 14. 35. lat.
43. 30. a port town of Italy, in the
Pope's ter. and D. of Urbino, fir. on
the gulph of Venice, 37 m. S.E. of
Urbino.
SiNOFE, E. Ion. 36. 25. lat. 42.
25. a port town of Afiatic Turky,
fit. on the Euxine fea, 80 m. N. of
Amalia.
SiNTSHEiM, E. Ion. 8. 50. lat,
49. 10. a town of Germany, in the
pal. of the Rhine, fit, 15 m. S. of
H«idclberg.
SioN, E. Ion. 7. 20. lat. 46, 15.
a town of Switzerland, in the co. of
Va!ais, fit, on the river Rhone, ij
m. S. E. of the lake of Geneva, a
fovereign ftate.
SiRACusE. See Syracuse,
SiRADiA, E. Ion. 18. lat. 52. a
city of Great Poland, in the pal. of
Siradia, fit. on the river Waita, 20
m. S. E. of Kahrti.
SiRANAGER, E. lon. 8o. lat. 3!.
^o. a city of the Hither India, in
* Afia,
SL
8 M
Afia, capi of the pr. of Siba, fit. on
the river Ganges, 200 m» N. of Del-
ly, fub, to the Mogul.
Sir IK, orSERQjUEs, E. Ion, 6.
iji 49. 38. a town of Lorrain, fit.
on the Mofelle, iz m, S. £. of Lux*
emburg,
SiVmium, B. Ion. 20. lat. 45. a
city of Sclavonia, fit. on the N. fide
of the river Save, 60 m. S. of Eifeck
tnd p m. W. of Belgrade, fub, to
the houfe of Auftria.
SiSEG, E. Ion. 17. lat. 46. a
town of Croatia, fit, on the river
Save, 45 m. £. of Carlftat, fub. to
the houfe of Auftria.
SiSTERON, E. Ion. 5. 45. lat.
44. 16. i> city of France, in tlie pr.
of Provence, fit. on the river Du-
rance, 30 n'. S. W. of Smbrun.
SiTTAR't, E. Ion. 6. lat. 51. 8.
a town of the D. of Juliers, in the
cir. of Weftphalia in Germany, fit,
7 m. S. of Stevenfwaert, fub. to the
£le6lor Palatine.
Skeen, £. Ion. 10. lat. 59. a
town of Norway, in the pt. of Ag-
gerhuys, fit. near the Categate fea,
40 m. W. of Fredericftat, fub. to
Denmark.
Skie, one of the greateft weflern
ifljnds of Scotland, divided from the
counties of Rofs and Invernefs by a
harrow channel, being upwards of 60
m. in length, and 20 in breadih.
Skipton, W. Jon. i. 50. lat,
53. 55, a town in the Wefl-riding of
Vorkfhire, fit. 35 m, W, of York.
Slanev, E. Ion. 13.45. lat. 50.
6. a city of Bohemia, fit. 18 m. N.W.
of Prague, fub. to Auftria.
SlAWKAW, or AUSTERLITS,
E. Ion. 16. 33. lat. 49. 15. a town
of Bohemia in the pr. of Moravia,
fit. 10 miles E, of Erin, fub. to the
Emprefs Queen.
SiEswicK, or South Jut-
land, is bo.unded by North Jut-
land on the N, by the Baltic fea on
the E. by Holfteii) on the S. and by
the German ocean on the W, being
60 miles long, and 45 broad, over
which the King of Denmark and
^ D. of Holftein are joint fove-
reigns, only there are fome town*
and bailliages in which thefc Princes
have a feparate jurifdiftion.
Sleswick city, E. Ion, 9. 45#
lat. 54. 45. cap. of the D. of SleU
wick, fit. on the river Sley, ism.
N. W. of Kiel.
Slico, a CO. of Ireland, in the
pr. of Connaught, bounded by the
ocean on the N. by Leitrim on the E,
by Rofcomroon on the S. and by
Mayo on the W,
Sr.oNiM, E, Ion. 25. lat. 53. a
city of Poland, in the pr. of Lithua-
nia, and palatinate of Novogrodeck,
fit. 60 m. S. E. of Grodno.
Sloot, or Sloten, E. Ion. 5,
30. lat. 53. a town of the United
Netherlands, in the pr. of Friezland,
fit. 21 m. S. of Lewaiden,
Sluczk, E. Ion.27. lat. 53. cap.
of the pal. of Sluczk, in the D. of
Lithuania, and K, of Poland, fit.
70 m. S. of Novngrodeck.
Sluttelburg, E« Ion. 31. 20,
lat. 60. a town of Rufiia, in the pr.
of Ingria, fit, on the S. fide of the
lake Ladoga, 30 m. E. of Peterfburg*
Slu ySj E. ion. 3. 15. lat. 51. iS.
a port town of Dutch Flanders, lit*
oppofite to the ifland of Cadfant, 10
m. N. E. of Bruges, and 21 m, N,
W. of Ghent.
Smaland, a pr. of Swci-u, in
the ter. of Gothland, bounded bv £•
Gothland on the N. by the Baltic
fea on the E. by Bleking on the S«
and by Halland on the W.
Smalkald, £. Ion. 10. 30. lat,
50. 45. a town of Germany, in the
circle.of Lower Saxony nc-^r which
are confiderable iron mines : here
the German Proteftants entered into
a confederacy againft the Emperor,
anno 1530, from hence calPd the
Smalcaldick league, fub. to the lao*
©f HefTe-CafTel. _ . ,
Smolensxo, E. Ion. 33, lat. 56,
cap. of the pr. of Smolen/ko in Mof-
covy, fit. on the confines of Poland,
200 m. W, of Mofcow.
Smyrna, E. Ion. 27. lat. 37,
30. a city and port town of Afiatif
Turky, fit* on a bay of the Archi.
ptUgo,
so
s o
■'.
p»lago !n the LefTer Afia, in the pr.
of Ionia, loo in* N. of the iHand of
Rhodes, and 200 m. S. W. of Con-
(iantinople. This is one of the
Itrgeft and tnoft commodious har-
bourii in the Lev«nt, and has a very
great foreign trade; Confuls from
muft of the trading nations 4n Europe
nHding here. The city is about 4
miles in circumference, and, befides
the TurkiHi inhabitants, here are
feveral thoufand Greeks, Jews, Ar-
menians, feme hundreds of Latin
Chriftians, and feveral Popifli con-
vents, an archbiflicp of the Greek
church, and a bifaop of the Latin
church, alfo refide here ; and the
Englifh and Dutch factors have each
of them their ProteHant chaplain.
The gardens and vineyards^ olives,'
and orange groves, about Smyrna,
render it exceeding pleafant ; and
thro* them runs the river Melus, on
the banks whereof Homer was born,
according to the tradition of the place.
Sneek, £. Ion. 5. 35. lat, 53.
1 ^» a town of the United Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Friezland, fit*
12 m> S. of Levvarden.
Snetham, £. Ion. 45 min. lat.
52. 55. a market town of Norfolk,
lit. near- Lynn deeps, 28 m. N. W,
of Norwich.
SNiATiN,E.Ion. 25. 20. lat. 48.
a town of Poland, in the pr. of Red
Buflia, fit. on the river Pruth, on
the confines of Moldavia, 50 m. W.
of Chotzin.
Snowdon- HILL, the highefl:
mountain in Wales, fit. in Carnar-
vonfliire. *
SocoNvsco, W. Ion. 98. lat. 15.
a port town of Mexico, in N. Ame-
rica, cap. of the pr. of Soconufco,
Ar. on the Pacific ocean, aoo m. S.
E. of Acapulco.
SocoTORA, E. Ion. 53. lat. it.
30. an ifland of the Indian ocean,
fit. 120 m. N. £. of Cape Gardefoy
iif Africa, being about 70 m. long,
and 50 broad, the natives a mixture
of Mahometans and Pagans* Here
£aft Indian (hips fometioies t«ttch, ia
their voyage to. India,
S0C20W, E. Ion. 27. lat. 47, 1
town of European Turky, in the pr,
of Moldavia, fit. 55 m. W, of Jazy,
SoDBURv, W. Ion. 2. 29. lat,
51, 36. a market town of Gloceftcr-
ftire, fit. 10 m. N. E. of Briftol.
Sodom ruins, E. Ion. 38, lat,
31, 40. faid to be feen fometimes st
the bottom of the lake called the
Dead ^ea, in Paleftine in Afiatic
Turky,
So EST, E. Ion. 7. 35. lat. 51,
40. a town of the cir. of Weftphalia^
in Germany, fit. in the co. of Mark,
26 m. S. of Munfter, fub. to the
K. of PrufTia.
SoFALA, E. Ion. 35. S. lat. 20,
cap. of the ter. of Sofala in Africa,
fit. at the mouth of the river Sofa!..-,
400 miles S. W. of Mofambique,
Here the Portuguefe have a feitle-
ment, and pretend that the natives
are fubjeft to them.
SocDiANA,a country fit. in Ada,
on the N. fide of the river Oxus,
which feparated it from Baftria, now
a part of U(bec Tartary.
SoHAM, £. Ion. 20 min. lat. 52.
23. a market town of Cambridge-
fhi'-?, fit. on a lake called Soham
er, intheifleof Ely, 14 m. N.E.
of Cambridge.
SoiGNiES, £. Ion* 4. lat. 50.
34. a town of the Auftrian Nether-
lands, fit. in the pr. of Hainault, 10
m. N. E. of Mons, There is a fine
foreft called Soignies, in the neigh-
bourhood of thus town*
SoissoNs, £. Ion. 3.2i.Iat.49.
28. a city of France, in the pr. of
the Ifle of France, fit. on the river
Oyfc, 55 m. N. E. of Paris.
SOLOANIA BAY, £. lon. I5. S.
lat. 33. 30. a bay of the Atlantic
ocean, fit. on the S. W. coalt of
Africa, a little N. of the Cape of
Good Hope.
SoLiNGEK, £. lon. 6. 45. lat.
51. 6. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Weftphalia, and D. of Berg,
fit, 15 m. S. E. of Dufleldorp, fub.
to the Elector Palatine.
SoLM8,E. lon. 8.25. lat. co. 38,
a town of- Germany, in the Jan. of
H«ffe.
s o
s o
HefTc-Caflel, and ter. of Wettera-
via, fit. 35 m. N. of Francfort, cap.
ot the CO. of Solms, and Tub. to its
Count.
Solomon's Islands, a clufter
of illands in the Pacific ocean, fir.
between 130 and 140 deg. of W. Ion.
and between 7 and 12 deg. of S. lat.
of which we have very little know-
IcJge, no Europeans having thl)ught
fil to lend any colonies thither.
SOLOTHURN, or SOLEURE, One
of the cantons of Switzerland, bound-
ed by Bafil and Alface on the N. by
the canton of Zuric on the E. by
Btrn on the S. and by the bifli. of
B. fil on the W. being iz m. long,
anJ 10 broad, produces corn, but lij
Wine.
SoLOTHURN City, E. ion. 7,
j;, lat. 47. 18. cap. of the tantoa
cf Sulothurn, fit. on the river Aar,
15 m. N. of Bern j the inhabitants
Papifts.
Sombrero, W. Ion. 63. lat. 18.
40. one of the Caribbee iflands, in
the American ocean, fit, 80 m, N,
V/. of St. Chriftopher's.
Somersetshire, a county of
England, bounded by the Brillol chan-
nel, the river Severn, and Gloceiler-
fliire, on the N, by Wiltfhire on the
E. by Djrfetfhire on the S. and by
Devonfhire on the W. a great cloath-
ing county,
SoMERTON, W. Ion. 2. 50. lat.
51. 7. a maiket town of Somerfet-
Me, fit. 12 m. S. of Weils.
SoMME, a river of France, which
runs from E. to W. thro' Picardy,
palling by Amiens and Abbeville, and
failing into the Briiifh channel near
St. Vallery.
SoMMiERS, E. ion. 4. lat. 43.
45. a town of France, in the pr. of
Ljnguedoc, fit, 14 m. N. E, of
Montpelier.
SoNciNO, E. Ion. 10. ao. lat,
45. 20. a town of Italy, in the D.
of Milan, fit. on the river Oglio, 33
m. E. of Milan, fub. to Auitria.
SoNDRio, E. Ion. 9. 50. lat.
4^. 15. a town of the Grifgiis, cap,
of the Valteline, lit. on the livcr
Adda, 18 m. N. E. of Ccmo.
Sophia, E. Ion. 24. lat. 42. 30.
a city of 'i'urky, in Europe, iii the
pr. of Bulgiria, fit, 130 m. N. W.
of Adrianople, and i'6^ m. S.E, of
Belgradj.
Sopron, E. Ion, 16. 55. lat. 48.
a city of Lower Hungary, lit. W. of
New Fidier Sea, 30 m. S. of Vienna,
fub. to the houfe of Auttria.
SoRA, E. Ion. 14. 30. lat. /51.
45. a town cf Italy, in the K. of
Naples, and ter. of Lavoro, fit, 50
m. N. of Napier.
SoRAW, E. Ion. 15. 25. lat. 51,
38. a town of Germany, in the cir,
of Upper Saxony, a.id mar. of Lufa-
tia, fit. near the confines of Silefia,
40 m. VV. cf Glogaw, fub. to the
Elcdtor ot Saxony.
SoRET, a pr. of tlic Hither India,
in Afia, bounded by the ir. of J^ffl .
mere on the N. by Bando on the E.
by the river Fadda, which feparates
it from Guzerat on the S. and by
Sinda on the W. the chief tov\n Ju-
ganat ; fub. to the Mogul.
Sorrento, E. ion. 15, lat. 40.
40. a city and port town of Italy, ia
the K. of Na} les, and pr. of Lavoro,
fit. on the fouthern fi^ore of the bay
of Naples, 18 m. S. of the city c^'
Naples J tlie fee of an aichb.
Sosi'ELLo, E. Ion. 7. 2C. lat. 43.
55. a town of Italy, in the pr, ok'
Piedmont, and co. of Nice, fit. t^
m. N. E. of Nice j fub, to the K, of
Sardinia.
SoTovENTO Islands, are fit,
on the coaft of Terra Firma, in S,
America j the chief whereof are
Trinidad, Margaretta, Tortuga, and
Curaflow. They are called alio tlie
Lefler Antilles.
SovANA, £. Ion. 12. 20. lat. 4a.
45. a town of Italy, in the D. of
Tufcany, and pr. of Sienna, fit. on
the confines of the Pope's ter, 25
m, W. of O: vietto.
SouBisE, W, Ion. I, iat. 45. 55.
a town of France, in the pr, of
CuicQne, and ter. of Saintoigne, fit.
S P
S P
«n the river Charcnte, 17 m. S. of
Rochelle.
SouiLLAC, E. Ion, I. 12. lat. 45.
a town of France, in the pr. of Gui-
enne, and ter. of Quercy, fit. on ilie
river Dordonne, 32 in. N, of Cahors.
Sound, the ftrait between Sweden
and Denmark, thro* which Hiips ufu-
ally fail from the ocean into the Bal-
tic fea, being about 4 miles over.
Here the Danes take toll of all mer-
chant (hips that trade in the Baltic j
even of the Swedes themfelves, tho'
they are mafters of the eaftern fhore.
Sou RE, or Sure, a river of the
Netherlands, which runs from W,
to E. thro' Luxemburg, and fails into
the river Mofelle, a little above
Triers.
SouTHAM, W. Ion. J. 25. lat»
52. 15. a market town of Warwick-
fljire, fit. 7 m. S. E. of "Warwick,
Southampton, W, Ion. i. 30.
lat. 50. 55* a borough and port town
of Hampfliire, fit, on a bay of the
Englifli channel, 12 m. S, W. of
Winchefter j fends two members to
parliament.
SOUTHMOULTON, W. Ion. 3,
55. lat, 51. 7. a market town of
Devon, fit. 24 m. N. W, of Exeter.
SoUTHPETHERTON, W. l(,n. 3 .
lat. 50. 55, a market town of So-
merfeifhire, fit. 22 m, S. of Wells.
South WARK Borough, fit. in
Surry, on the S. fide of the Thames,
a fuburb to London, with which it
has a cotnmunication by a magnifi-
cent bridge j fends two meiiioers to
parliament.
Southwell, W. Ion. 56 mln,
lat. 53. 6. a market town of Not-
tinghamshire, fit. 8 m, N.E. of Not-
tingham.
SouTHwouLD, E, Ion, 1, 55,
lat, 52. 28. a port town of Suffolk,
fit. on a bay of ths German fea, 42
m. E. of Bury.
SouviGNY, E, Ion, 3. 12. lat,
46. 30, a town of France, in the pr.
of Lyonois, and ter. of the Bourbo-
nois, fit, 50 m. S.E. of Bouiges,
Spa, or Spaw, E, Ion, 5, 50.
lat. 50, 32. a town of Germany, in
the dr. of Weftphalia, and bi/li, of
Liege, fit, 17 m, S, E, of Liege, in a
bottom furrounded with hills, celc.
brated for its mineral waters ever
fince the times of the Rom.ins j and
there are ftill great quantities fint
abroad to all parts of Europe, Thel'e
waters weigh 2 grains in 3 ounces
more than thofe of Tunbridge, and
yet weigh lefs than common water
by feveral grains.
Spain, (in which Portugal may
be comprehended) is bounded by the
bay of Bifcay on the N. by the Pyre,
nean mountains, which fepuiate it
from France on the N. E. by tke
Mediterranean fea on the S. E. and
by the Atlantic ocean on the W,
lying between lo degrees W. and 3
degrees E. Jon, and between 36 and
44 degrees of N. lat, being :iboi't
700 m. in length (rem E. to W. and
500 in breadth from N. to S. It is
very much incumbered with mrun-
tains, of which the Pyrentcf, that
divide France from Spain, are the
chief. The reft may be looked uptn
as branches of the i'yrenees under
dilTerent names, which run through
the cotintry from E. to W. but they
are generally well pljnted with trees,
and between them are a great many
fruitful valleys } and there is this
con'veniency in a variety of mountains
and valleys, that -the mountains ate
always cooi, when the valleys arc
excelfive hot : the air is efteemed
healthful in both, the weather beirg
ufually fettled, and the heavens k«
rene, unlefs in the fpring and au-
tumn J nor is the fun often obfcured
by clouds : the winter is fo mode-
rate in the valleys, that they have
very little occafion for fires nine
months of the year : but then in the
months of June, July, and Auguft,
the heats are very troublefome in the
valleys and fandy plains ; and there
is a great fcarcity of water, moft of
their fprings and rivulets being dried
up. The foil of Spain produces ex.
cellent wheat and barley, ?nd they
have rich paHiire grounds. Their wool
is the bcfl in Europe, and ul'ed by
other
S P
S P
ether nations in their fincft cloths.
They abound in wine, oil, and filk,
and no country produces better o-
ranges,lemons,raifins, citrons, prunes,
figs, capers, chefnuts, almonds, and
pomegrantes. The foil alfo pro-
duces flix, cotton, fugar, and faffron j
and they have rich nrjines vf quick-
filver, copper, lead, allom, fulphur,
and the iron and fteel of Bifcay is
efteem'i the beft in Europe , and
former*/ the Spanifn niines yield-
ed the Romans more l., er than
any country under their dominion,
though now thefe mines are Joft
or exhaufled, or the Spaniards have
fuch plenty of filver in their Ame-
rican plantations, that the Spanifli
m nes arc not worth the working :
they import more filver from them
than all the world belides. But
with all thefe advantages Spain is
peer, and very thinly peopled ; for
which fcveral reafons are aflign'd • as
1, The celibacy of the clergy, and the
locking up fo many of both fexes in
monafteries. 2. The expelling fo
many handrt-d thousand Moors and
Jews, as ihsy did about 200 years
ago. 3. The wars they cirvied on
with mod of the powers ot Europe,
as well as Africa and America, for
200 years. • 4. The dr.<ining their
country every year of fo many men
to fupply their American plantations,
whete none but native Spaniards are
admitted to the chief offices and com-
mands. And, 5. Their poverty may
in a great meafure be afcri' ed to their
pride and indolence j none of them
fcarce fubmitting to labotious em-
ployments, fince the wealth of Ame-
rica flow'd in upon them ; but their
neighbours the French attend them
in the quality of fervants, and even
manage their hufbandry and manu-
fa6\uies in feveral provinces. The
Spaniards alfo export great part of the
produce of their country unwtought,
piirchafing the fillc, woollen, and l;n-
nen manufjftures of other nations,
to fupply their plantations j or ra-
ther, they aft a's fadlors for the
French, Italians, Engliih, and Dutch j
in the dlfpofal of their nrianufaflufeSf
and at the return of the galleons pay
the proprietors with the treafure they
import from the Weft Indies.
The K. of Spain's dominions are
the largeft that are polTefs'd by any
one monarch j fo extenfive, that, as
one of his predecefTors boafted, the
fun never fets upon them all. Befides
his territoiies in Europe, he pofTefles
the bcft part of America j a fine, rich
country, the provinces v\'hereof lie
contiguous, and extend 6oco miles
and upwards in length from N. to S.
He is fovereign alio of thole rich and
numerous iflands S. E. of the coart of
China in Afia, called the Philippines,
from whencs lie imports all the rich
merchandize of the Eaft ; and in A-
frica he is m ler of Ceuta. Oran, and
feveral other places of confequence on
that coaft. The K. of Sp:iin is an
abfolute Prince j for tho' every pro-
vince almoft was govern'd by its pe-
culiar laws about 300 years ago,
which could not be repealed or fuf,
pended but by the confent of the
ftates 5 nor could the King raife taxes
without their concurrence J they have
now ioft thefe privileges j or rath?;-,
their preat men bartered them axay,
and fold themfelves and their vo"t;-
lity to the crown, and now the cor-
tes or ftates, which confift (f the no-
bility, clergy, and reprefentalives of
the commons, only meet to cenfirm
and record the decrets of the court,
which will compel their concurrence
if they fhoold icfufe it. The crowa
defcencls to the elicft fon of theKing,
and, if tlere be no fons, to the fe-
males according to their feniority j
and the re'gning Prince feems to
have a p./wer cf devifing it to what
branch of the royal family he pleafer,
if he has no idue ; at Icaft the title
of the late King Philip, Duke of
Anjou, dep.i-nded on the will of his
predectflbr, and he enjoy'd it ac-
cordingly, notwithftanding the royal
family of France had relinquiflied
their claim to that crown by fo-
lemn treaties. The K. of Spain it
never crown'd, like other fovcreigns,
lis but
S P
S P
but the Cortes or States ancmble,
and recogn'ze his title, at his ac-
rcflion J which is all the ceremony
w^ed on his advancement to the
throne.^ Spain is naturally well de-
fended, being furrounded by the (ea
and the Pyrencan mountains ; how-
«'ver, the King has of late kept up a
Itanding army of 4c,c::o men, when
he was in full peace, ;ind probably has
thrcetimes that number inarms when
he is at war. This Prince alfj has
very much improved his navy, being
able to fit out a confiderable fleet of
*nen of war, tho' ho has fo much oc-
cafion for them in difljnt parts of the
world, that we liave fcarce ever (een
more than 30 men of war in one
fleet J but thus much we have feen to
our coft, that rhey fight much better
than we expedled, and are not the
contemptible enemy they were fome
few years ago. The royal revenue alfo
J>as been much improved fince they
have had a French Prince upon the
throne ; for fo much was dilpofed of
formerly to unnecefDry officer?, that
'tis faid not more than five millions
per annum ftetling c'.me into the
King's treafuiy : but how much the
public revenues arc advancfd, is net
eafy to calculate. As to the le'i^ion
of the country, the Spnniardi- nre
the moft bigntted Papirts in Europe j
and the Inquifition no where exer-
cifcs its authority with greater ty-
ranny.
Spain (new). Sec Mkxico
jo America.
' Spalatto, E. Ion. 17. 45. Lit.
43. 16. a city and port town of D.i!-
matia, fit. on thi; gulph of Venice,
65 m. N. VV. of Uapufj ; the fee of
an archb. fub. to Venice,
SpALniNO, under the meridian
of London, lat. 52. 4U. a market
town of Lincolnfliirc, 30 m. S. E,
of Lincoln,
Spandaw, E. Ion. 13. 40. lat.
51. 33. a town of G-'tmany, in the
cir. of Ujipcr Saxony, and mar. of
Bimdenb'jrj;, fit. on the river Ha-
vel, 8 m. N. W. of Bejlin j fub, to
the K, of PruiTia,
Spanish town, in Jamaica,
See Jago (St.)
Spartel cape, W. Ion. 6,
30. lat. 36. a promontory on the
coaft of Barbary, in Africa, at the
entrance of the firaits of Gibraltar.
SpARTIVENTO cape, E. Ii;n,
l6. 30. lat. 38, 20. the moft fouthcin
point, or promontory of Italy.
SpEtLO, E. Ion. 13, 40. laf,
43. a town of Italy, in the Pope's
ter. and pr. of Umbria, fit, 13 n:,
N. of Spoletto,
Spey, a river of Scotland, which
runs N. E. thro' the fliires of Bide-
norh and Murray, and falls into tJi»
German fea, E. of the Frith cf
Murray.
Spezia, E. Ion. 10. 30. lat. 44.
a port town of Italy, in the tcr. cf
Genoa, fit, on a bay of the Tufcan
fea, 50 m. S. E. of Genoa,
Spice islan#>s, fit. intheEaft
Indies, in Afia. See B a n d a
ISLANDS for nutmegs and mace,
the Moluccas for cloves, CeY"
TON for cinnamon. Ail in polTcnicn
of the Djtch.
Spioft,eurg, E. lonjT. 9. 25.
lat, 52. 6. a town of Germany, in
the cir. of Weftphalia, capital nf
the CO. of Spigelburg, fit. 22 ni. S,
W, of llildcfhiem,
Spiono, E. Ion, 8.40. lat. 44.
3?. a town of Italy, in the I), of
Monirerr.it, fit. Co milr^ S. E. of
Turin ; fub. to the K. of Saniiiiia.
SriLIMBERGO, E. Ion. ]^I^
I.'.t, 46. -^o, a town of italy, in the
tcr. of Vcnicv, and pr, of Friuii, fit,
45 m. N, of Venice.
SpiLSBY, E. Ion. iS mill. laf.
53. 15. a market town of Lincohi*
fliire, fir. Z7 m. E. of Lincoln.
Spirf, E, Ion. 3. 17. Jar. 49,
16. a city of Germany, in the p,;I.
of the Rhitio, fit. on the river Rh'nr,
15 m. S. W, of Ilcidelhurj^. It is
an imperial city, or foveici['.n fliUc,
govcintd by its own m.igilhates ;
the French burnt and dtinoiid.iJ it
with a great many more cities (>f the
pil. in tlie year 1688, before whiih
«nc yf the foTcreitn courts of inline
cf
S T
S T
(f the Empire was held here, to fit. on the W. fide of the river Elbe,
which an appeallay from any Prince's 17 m. W. of Hamburgh j lub. ta
court in the Empire 3 and the E- the K.. of Great Britain, and ftands
lectors themfelves were fubjctl to be very well tor a foieign trade, having
called to an account- in thi& cuuit. a cominuuKation with the Elbe.
Upon the deftiudion of this city, the S r afko r djh ir e, an Ent^lifh
court was removed to Wetzlar. It co. bounded by Chefljiie on the N.W.
js the fee of a bifh. fub. to the archb, by Ded yihire on the N. E. by Wor-
ofMentz. cctlerfhire on the S. and bhropHiire
Spir£Bach, E. Ion, 8. lat. 49, on the W.
18. a town of Germany, in the pal.
of the Rhine, fit, on the river Spire-
bach, 8 m. N. of Landau.
SpiRt Bishopric, lies on both
Stafford, W. Ion. 2. 6. lat.
52. 50. the CO. town of Stafford/hi re,
fit. 130 m. N.W. of London ; lends
two members to parliament, and gives
fides the Rhme, being 40 m. long, the title of Earl to tiic noble lauiiiy
and 15 broad, funounded by the ter. of Stafford Howard,
of the Elector Palatine. Stain, E. Ion. 15.28. lat. 48.
Spital, E. Ion. 13. a8. lat. 47. 31. a town of Germany, in the cir,
a town of Gcimany, m the cir. of of Auftria, fit. on the Danube, 140
Auftria, and D. of Carinihia, fit. m. W. of Vienna.
35 ni. W. ofClagenfurr. Staines, W, Ion. 30 min. lat.
Spithead, a road between
Portimouth and the ilk of Wight,
wljere the royal navy rendezvous
frequently.
Spitsbergen, See Groen-
LANDt
Spoletto, E. Ion. 13. 30. lat.
52. 22. a town of uLdJicfcx, fit,
20 m. V/. of London.
Stalbridge, W. Ion, 2. 30,
lat. 51. a market town of DirlcC-
fhire, fit. 18 m. N. of Dorcherter.
Stalimene, nn illand in the
Archipelago, or Cgean lea. See
42.4c. a city of Italy, in thi. Pope's Lemnos.
tcr. capital of the pr. of Spoletto, or Stamboul, the name given to
Unibna, fit. 50 m. N. E. of Rome.
Spree, a river of Germany,
which riles in Bohemia, and running
N. p;:!k-.s thro' Lulatia, and ctitetiiig
Conftantinople by the Turks.
Stamford, W, Ion. 26 mlr^,
lat. 52. 40. a borough town in Lin*
colnHiire, fit. 35 m. S. of Lincoln;
Bianoenburgvifits Berlin, after which fends two members to pailuuncnt.
it talis into the Havel, a httlc W. of St a m p a 1. 1 a , E. Ion. 26. 30. lat*
that city.
Sprotaw, E. Ion. 15. 45. Jat.
51. 36. a town of the K. of Bohe-
mia, 111 the D. of Siitlia, fit, 15 m.
W. of Gkgaw,
Svi.uiLLAC£, E. Ion. 17. lat.
36. 20. an iilaiid of the Archipelago,
fit. Co m. W. of Rhodes : it is about
50 m. in ciicumt'erence, and inha-
bited by Greek Chrifiians.
Standon, under the meridian of
London, lat. 51,55. a town of Hert*
39. a town of Italy, in the K. of fordihire, fit. 7 m.N. ot Hertford.
Naples, and pr. of the Furtiiei Cala- Stanhope, W. Ion. i. 37, lat,
bru, tit. near the gulph of .Squillace, 54. 48. a market town of Duihapn,
30 m. S. W. of St. Scvenuj j the fit. 16 m. W. of Durham,
iec or a bilh. Stanley, W. Ion. 2« 22, lat.
bTABto, E. Ion, 6, lat. 50. 28. 51.44. a tdwn ot Gloccllerihire, tiit,
a town of Gerinanv, in the cir, of it m, S. of Glocelter.
Weltphalia, and o.lh. of Lie^e, fit,
10 m. S, ot LliTibni|^,
SiADE, E, ion. 9, lat, 54. a
town of Germany, in the cir. (>f
liowci Saxony, and D* of fir«mcn|
Stanton, under the meridian of
London, lat, 53. 20, a town of Lm*
colnfhire, fit. 17 m. E. of Lincoln,
Stants, E. It n. 8. so. lat. 46«
55. a tuwo of Switzerland, capital
1 i 3 oi
S T
S T
I
cf the can. of Underwald, fit. m the
lake Lucern, 25 m. S. of Zurich.
Star CARD, E. Ion. 15. 30. lat.
53. 28. a town of Germany, in the
cir,' of Upper Saxony, and I), of
Ponr.erania, fit. 20 m. E. of Stctin ;
fub. to the K. of Prulfia.
Stenay, E. Ion, 5. 5. lat. 4g,
40. a town of the French Nether-
lands, in the pr. cf Luxemburg, fit,
on the 2. fide of the river Maes,
J2 m. W. of Montmedy.
Stendel, E. Ion. 12. 10. lat. 52.
45. a town of Germany, in the cir.
Star I A, E, Ion. 34. 26. lat. 58. ot Upper Saxony, and mar. of Bran-
a city of Rulfia, in the pr. of Great denburg, fit. 36 m. N. of Majde.
Novogorod, fit. at the S. end of the burg ; fub. to the K. cf Pruflia.
Ilmen lake, 40 m. S. of Novogorcd.
Start Point, W. Ion. 4. 6,
lat. 50. 10. a cape, or promontory,
of Devon/hire, in the Englilh chan-
nel, fit. 12 m. S. of Daitmouth.
Staten Island, W. Ion. 72.
.31. lat. 41. an ifland of the pr. of
New Yoik, in North America, fit.
near tlie mouth of Hudfon's river j
liib. to Great Britain.
St a V ANGER, E. Ion. 6. 30. lat.
Stenfort, E. Ion. 7. lat. 52.
2C. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Weftphalia, and co, of Bentheim,
fit. 18 m. N. of Munfter j fub. to
Count Benr!;eim.
Sterling, or Strive ling,
W. Ion. 3. 50. lat. 56. 12. a town
of Scclland, capital of the co. (t
Sterling, fit. on the river Fortli, 3*
m. N. VV. of Edinburgh, defended by
a callle, and other woiks, and lo
59. 30. a port town of Norway, in commodioufly fituated, that it com-
the pr. of Bergen, capital of the ter. mands the pafles between N. and S.
of Stavenger, fir. on a peninlula, in Scotland, formerly the rcfidence cf
of their Kings, and here James I. King
of England, wat boin. The Earls
of Marr arc hereditary Conftablcs ot
this caftle.
Sternberg, E. Ion. 15. 3".
lat, 52. 30. a town of Germany, in
the cir. of Upper Saxony, and m.sr.
•he German ccean, 80 m. S.
Bergen,
Staveren, E. Ion, 5. 12. lat.
53. a pert town of the Uifited Ne-
therlands, in the pr. of Weft Fricf-
knd, fit, on the Zuyder fca, 15 m.
N. of Enchuyftn.
Steinberg, E. Ion. 4. 18. lat. of Brandenburg, fit. 23 m. N. E. cf
51. 35. a town of Dutch Brabant, Francfort upon Oder, fub, to the K,
lit. on the confines of Zeland, ^5 m. of Prulfia.
N, of Antwerp, and 5 m. N. of Stetin, E. Ion. 14. 50. lit. 51,
•Bergen-op-Zoom. 30. a city and port town of G«-
Stienkirk, a villageof the Au- many, in the cir. of Upper S:ixon\,
flrianNethei lands, in the pr. of Hai- capital of the D. of Pumemnia, fit.
nalt, 10 ni. N. of Mons, and 16 m. on the W. fhore of the river Oirr,
S. W. of Bruflels ; where the allien,
commanded by K. William, attacked
the French in a fortified camp, and
were defeated, anno 1692.
STEtNWTCK, E. Ion. 6. lat, 52.
35 m. S. of the Baltic fea, and 66
m. N. of Berlin j ftib. to the K. cf
Pruflia, It is a large, populou;,
trading city, the' not fo conlioera'
ble as it was when one of the H:nle
58. a town of the United Netherlands, towns, and a free foverei^in fla:-.' ,
in the pr. of Ovejjficl, fir, near the but its fortifications have been macn
confines of Iridland, j3 m. N, of improved, bdth by the Swe(!cs anJ
ZwolJ. Brandenburgcrs, who long contended
•Stegebvrc, E, Ion. 16. lat. for it.
S8. go. a port town of Sweden, in Stevenage, W, Ion. 10 niin.
the pr. of Eaft Gothland, fit. on a lat. qi. 55. a maiket town ot Hat-
bay of the Baltic fea, £2 m. S.W. fordihire, fit. 30 m. N. of Loiidyn,
•f Mockbolm* < • . »nd 19 N. W, of Hcitford.
SirvyN-
T .'
S T
S T
Stevensvvaert, E. Ion. 5. 55.
lat. 51. IS" a fortrefs ot the Nether-
lands, in the pr. of Gelder, fir. on
the river Maes, lo m. N. E. of
Maeftricht ; fub. to the Dutch,
Steyking, W. Ion, T5 min. lat.
50. 56. a borough town in SufTex,
lit. 40 m. S. of London, and 13 m.
W. of Lewes j fends two members
to parliament.
Steyre, or Steyreg, E. Ion.
14. 8. lat. 49. 20. a town of Ger-
niany, in the cir. and D. of Auftria,
fit. on the N. fide of the Danube, 8
m. N. W. of Ens.
Stiria Duchy, in Germany, is
part of the cir. of Auftria, bounded
by the D. of Auftria on the N. by
Hungary on the E, and by Carinthia
and Carniola on the S. W, 1 he
chief town Gratz.
Stirum, E. Ion. 6. 18. lat. 51.
23. a town of Germany, in the D.
ot Berg, fit. 12 m. N. of DulTeldorp j
fub. to the Eledtor Palatine.
Stives, the ancient Thebes, in
the pr. of Achaia, now Livadia, in
European Turky, fit. 40 m. N. W.
©f Setines, or AthenJ, It was the
capital of Beotia.
Stochem, E. Ion. 5. 50. lat.
51. 8, a town of Germany, in the
tir. of Weftphalia, and bifti. of Liege,
fit. on the river Maes, 12 m. N. of
Maeftricht.
SiocKBACH, E. Ion. 9. 5. lat.
47. 50. a town of Germany, in the
lit. ot Suabia, and Ian. of Ncilem-
burg, fit. 12 m. N. ofConftarce.
STocKBRincE, W. ion. 1. 33.
lat. 5 1. 12. a borough town of Hamp-
ili re, fit. 7 m. N.VV. of Wincheftcr j
knds cwo members to parliament.
Stokegomir, W, Ion. 3.
iS. lat. 51. 12. a market town of
i»"mcrtetifhire, fit. 22 m. W, of
^Vtlh.
SioKisLY, W. Ion. 50 min.
lat, 54. 28. a market town of Yoik-
ihire, fit. 30 m. N. of York.
SrocKHOLM, E. Ion. 18. lat.
59. 30. the capital city of Sweden,
At bo levcral imali iilands^ in the
Meller lake, 300 m. N. E. of Co-
penhagen, 900 m. N. E. of London,
and 400 m. W, of Pcterfburg. It
is neither walled or fortified, being
fufficiently fecured by nature, by
little rocks and iflands which fur-
round it, tho' it has a fpacious har-
bour, fufficient for the largeft fleets,
when they have entered : it is very
difficult for fliips to get out, as well
as to get in, for it is locked up with
ice four months in the year, and at
other times it requires feveral dif-
ferent winds to get clear of the
iflands ; neither are tiiere any tides
here to help them, for >vhich reafons
the grand fleet of Svveiien is fiationed
at Carelfcroon, where they can got
out much eafier to meet an enemy.
That part of Stockholm, which is
properly the lity, ftands upon a little
ifland that is not more than a mile
and an half in circumference, but
the fuburbs on the adjacent iflands are
much larger. It is computed there
are about 30,000 inhabitants. The
town is elegantly built, and a pl.ice
of good trade : their exports confift
chi-fly in copper, iron, and naval
fiores, for which the Englifh pay
ready money for the moft part, and
fometimes beforehand, to enable the
Swedes to perform their contrafts
with them.
Stockport, W. Ion. 2, 6, lat,
53. 23. a market town of Chelhirc,
fit. 34 m. N. E. of Chel^er.
St ockton, W. Ion. i. Jat. 54.
33. a port town of Durham, fit. near
the mouth of the river Tees, 16 m»
S. of Durham.
Stockzow, E. Ion. 18. 15. lat,
49. 41. a town of the K. of Bo-
hemia, in the D. of Silefia, fit. on
the river Viftula, 37 m. S, t. 6f
Tr(^ppaw,
Stolbero, E. Ion, 11. 8, Int.
51. 45. a town of Geimany, m the
cir. of Upper Saxony, and tcr. of
Thuringia, fit. 58 m. N. W. of
Leipfic, ' '
Stolhofeen, E. Ion. 8. Jrft.
40. 40, a town uf Gumany, in the
• cir
)
ST
8 T
pit* of Suabia, and mar. of Baden,
fit. on the £. fide of the Rhine^ 15
m. N. E.of Sttaiburg.
STOLfE, £. ion. 17. lat. 54, 36.
a town of Germany, in the cir* of
Upper Saxony, and D, of Pomerania,
lit. on the river Siolpe, 10 m. £. of
the Baltic fea, and 50 m. N. £. of
Colberg j fubjeft to the King of
Piuliia.
Stone, W, Ion, 2. 8, lat. 52. 55.
a market town ^i Stafibrdihue, lit.
7 m, N. of Staftbrd.
Stonv Stratford, W. Ion.
50 min. lat. 52. a market town of
Bucks, fit. 14 m. N. of /iilefbury.
Storm A R, the S. divifion of the
D. of Holilein, in Germany, fit. on
the river Elbe, fiamuurgh the chief
town.
Stortford, E. Jon. 8 min.
lat. 51. 55. a market town of Hert-
fortHhiie, fit. on the river Stort, 10
m. N. b. of Hertford, 30 m. N, of
London.
St o u R, the name of feveral fmall
rivers in England.
Stourbridge, or S t u r*
BRIDGE, W. ion* 2. 6. lat. 52.
30. a market town of Worcefter-
ihire, fit. on the brook Stour, 19
tn, N« of Woicefttrr.
Stourbridge, E. Ion. 6 min.
lat. 52. 16. the name of a field near
Cambridge, where Sturbridge fair is
kept annually, on the 7th of Sep.
and continues a fortnight.
Stow, W. Ion. I. 45. lat. 51.
50. a maiket town of Gioccfterflure,
lit. 20 m. E. of Glocefter.
Stowky, W. Ion. 3. 12. lat.
51. I.]., a market town ot Somerfet-
ihire, fit. 18 m. W. of Wells.
Stowmarket, £. Ion. i. lat.
52. 20. a town of Suftbik, fit. 10
ni. E, of Bury,
Strauella, E. Ion. 10. lat.
45. a town of luly, in the D. of
Mii^Q, and ter. of Pavia, fit. S. of
the n>er Fo, 14 m. S. £. of Pavia,
a pals much contended for in the
late wars.
Stralsund, £, loR. 13. 22.
Uu 54* 23* i AiODg city »bA pott
town of Germany, in the cir, of Up.
per Saxony, and D. of Pomerania,
fit. on the Baltic fea, oppofite to the
ifle of Rugen, 65 m. E, of Wifmat ;
fub. to Sweden.
Strangford, W. Ion. 5. 40.
lat. 54. 24. a town of Ireland, which
gives name to a lough and bay, in
the CO. of Down, and pr. of Ullter,
fit. 9 m. £. of Down.
Stranraver, W, Ion. 5. 20,
lat. 54. 55. a borough town of Scot-
land, in ttie fhire of Galloway, fit,
8 m. N.W. ofGlenluce.
Strasburg, £. Ion. 7, 35. ht.
48. 38. a city of Germany, in the
cir. of the Upper Rhine, capital ut'
the Ian. of All'ate, fit. near ihc W.
bank of the river Rhine, 55 m. \V.
of Stutgnrt, and 60 m. £. it Nuncy,
in Lorrain, a free imperial city, cr
fovereign ftate, till it was trca-
cheroufly furprized by the French,
anno 16S2. It had then a great and
fiourifhing trade, and the Lutheran
religion was efiablifiied there ; but
they have ever fince been obliged to
fubinit to French tyranny and bi-
goiry. Their new marters have im-
proved nothing but the fortifications,
which are made as fine as poljjblej
and as long as the French are pui-
felTed of this Ci.nital (which iii a
manner commands Alface, and gives
the French an cafy pallage into
Suabia) the Germans will never be
at red long. It is a very large city,
and elegantly built, and the cathe-
dral eHeemed one of the grcatell or-
naments of Germany ; the tower
whereof is faid to be near 5C0 teet
high.
St R at FORD, W. Ion. 1. 40. lat.
52. 16. a market town of ^Var\^ick.
ihire, fit. on the river Avon, 6 m.
S. of Warwick.
Strathnaver, the mort north-
ern co. of Scotland, bounded by th<
Caledonian ocean on the N. by C.uh«
nefs on the £. by Sutherland un the
S. and by part of Rofs and the
Wellern ocean on the W.
Stratton, E, Ion. 4. 55. lsf»
51, a maikct town of Coiowail^ lit>
s u
s u
a little S. of Brifto! channel, i6 m.
N. W. of Launcefton.
Straubing, E. Ion. J2. 33.
Jat. 4S. 48. a city of Germany, in
the cir. of Bavarin, fit. on the river
Danube, zo m, S. E. of Ratifton.
Streng, or Strencues, E.
Ion. 17. lat. 59.25. a town of Swe-
den, in the pr. of Sunderland, fit. on
the S. fide of the Mellcr lake, 30 m.
"W. of Stockholm.
Stromboli, E. long. 15. 15.
Jat. 39. 14. one of the Lipaii iflands,
in the Neapolitan fea, fit. 50 m, N.
of Mefiina.
Strongoli, E. long. 17. 40.
lat. 30. JO. a town of Italy, in the
K. of Naples, and Hither Calabria;,
fir. near the gulph of Taranto, 7 m.
E. of St. Sevcrino, The fee of a
bi<hop.
SxRoun, W. Ion. 2. 15. Jat. 51.
40. a market town of Gloceflerlhite,
fit. 9 m. S. of Glocefter.
Strymon. See Amphipolis.
Stulingen, E. Ion.* 8. 18. lat.
47. 45. a town of Germany, in the
cir, of Suabia, fit. 35 m, W, of Con-
ftance, fub. to thct). of Furftenbnrg,
Stul-Weissenburg, E. Ion.
18. 32. lat. 47. 24. a city of Lower
Hungary, fit. near the E. end of the
rintten fca, 36 m. S. W, of Buda.
Sturmins-ter, W, Ion. 2. 27.
Int. 50. i;;!;. a market town of Dor-
fctfh re, fit. iS m. N. of D.nchefler.
Stuh gart, E. Ion. 9. lat. 48,
40. a city of Germany, in the cir.
of Suabiii, capital of the D. of Wir-
tcmbcrg, fir. on the river Ncckar,
45 m. N. W. of Ulm, .ind 40 m.
E. of Bjden j fub. to the D. of Wir-
t cm burp.
SuANA, orSovANA, a town of
Italy, in the D. of Tufcany and pr.
of S'enna, fit. on the confines of the
D. (if Caflro, 50 m. S. of Sienna.
Such u EN, a pr. of China, is
bounded on the N. by the pr, of
Xenfi, by Honam and Huquam en the
K. by Quechcu and Vunam on the
S. and by the mountains of India on
Hic W. The chief town Chingtu.
, SvuBuav, E. Ion. 50 min, lat,
52. 6. a borough town of SufTI It,
fit. 13 m, S. of Bury i fends two
members to parliament.
StJDER K.0P1NG, E. long. 16,
lat. 58. 30. a town of Sweden, in
the pr, of E. Gotbljnd, fitt 90 m.
S. W. of Stockholm.
Suez, E. Ion. 34. 30, lat. 30,
a port town of Egypt, fit. at the
bottom of the gulph called the Red
fea, 70 m. E. of Grand Cairo. The
town confirts of about 200 houfes,
and is crowded with people when the
Turkiih galleys and other veflfcls
arrive there ; but at other times is
almoft defeited, having no frcfh
water near it. The harbour is too
/hallow to admit /hips of any great
burthen. This town is fuppoled to
be the ancient Arfinoe.
Suffolk, an Enpl/h co. bound-
ed by Norfolk on the N. by the Ger-
man fea on the E. by Eflex, from
which it is fcparatfd by the river
Maningtree, on the S, and by Cam-
bridgefhire on the W. being 62 m,
long and 28 broad.
Sully, E. Ion. 2. 27. lat. 47,
45. a town *)f France, in the f>r,
of Orleanois, fit. on the river Loyre,
20 m. S. of Orleans.
SULMONA, or SOLMONA, E.
Ion, 15. lat. 42t 6. a town of Italy,
in the K. of Naples, and pr. of the
Hither Abruzzo, fit. 65 m. N. of
Naples. The fee of a bi/h,
SuLTSRACH, E. long. 12. lat.
49. 30. a city c'f Germany, in the
pal. of Bavaria, fit. 32 miles N. of
Ratifljon J fub. to the D. of Neu-
buig, the prcfent Elcftor Palatiru".
Sumatra, an ifland of the
Indian ocean, fit. between 93 and
104 degrees of E. Ion. and bctvvcea
5. 30. N. Lt. and 5, 30. S. lat. ex-
tending from the N. W. to the S. E.
900 m. long, and from ico to iqo
broad, feparatcd from the contlmiit
of the Further India by tbc firaits of
Malacca on the N. E. and fnm \hc.
i.ljnd of Java by the (lr.iit<! of Sunda
on the S. E. This ifl ind lyin^ un-
der the equator and the I(^w grounds
near the fea coaft being flooded ore
hal£
s u
su
half of the year is very unheaUhfuI.
The natives build moft of their houfes
upon pillars to fecure them againft
the annual inundations. The En-
gli/h have feveral forts and faftories
on the W. coaft of Sumatra, of wh'ch
the chief was Bencoolen j this (land-
ing among the falt-mar/hes they
buried abundance of men every year,
but having built another fort upon
an eminence 4 or 5 m. up in the
country, they find it as healthful
there as in moft other climates. To
this laft fort they have given the
name of Marlbro. The chief mer-
chandize imported from Sumatra is
pepper, canes, and gold-duft j rice
is almoft the only grain that grows in
the country ; befides which the foil
produces fugar,plaintains,pine- apples,
coco-nuts, and other tropical fruits j
and they have plenty of limes, ci-
trons, oranges, melons, and pome-
jgranites. The K. of Achin, fit. at
the N. W. end of the ifland, is the
only confidfirable K. in it, and this
fcems to be a mix'd monarchy,
where. the confentof the nobility and
great men is nccefl^.ry to the milking
of laM's J and the reft of the little
governments In the iftand much re-
fcmble that of Acliin. All the confts
of the ifland of Surmtra aie polTefli-d
by Mahometan Princes, but the
mountains which run through the
ifland from N, to S, are inhabited by
pagans.
SuMEREiN, E. Ion. 17. %j. lat,
48. 7. a town of Lower Hungary, in
the ifland of Schut, fit. 15 m. S. of
Prefbiirg J fub. to thehoufeof Auntin.
SuNDA ISLANDS, are To called
from their being fit. near the ftraits
of Sunda, in the Indian ocean, in
Afia. The chief of thefe are Borneo,
Java, and Sumatra, which are dc-
fcribed under their refpe£>ive name?.
It is fufficient to take notice here
that the Dutch by being mafters of
the ftraits of Sund> and Malacca,
and having a fleet of men of war ly-
ing at Batavia and upon thcTe ftraits,
command the navigation of the Indi-
•n fea^, and caa put a ftop to all Eu-
ropean nations trading to China, or
to any country beyond thofe ftraits,
when they pleai'e.
Sunderland, W. Ion. 1. lat,
54. 55, a port town of Durham, fir.
on the German fea, atthemourhof
tiie river Ware, 10 m. N. £. of Dur-
ham city.
Sunderland, or Suderma-
NIA, a pr. of Sweden, bounded by
the Meller lake, which divides it
from Uplandia, on the N. by the
Baltic fea on th-* E. and by Goth-
land on the S. and W.
Sunneberg, E. Ion. i^. to,
lat, 52. 38. a town of Germany, in
the cir. of Upper Saxony, and mar.
of Brandenburg, fit. 50 miles E, of
Berlin.
Suntgow, a ter. in the cir. of
the Upper Rhine, in Germany,
bounded by All'ace on the N. by the
river Rhine, which divides it from
the Brifgow, on the E. by Switzer-
land on the S. and by Franche-
Comte on the W. fub. to France,
SuRAT, E. Ion. 7z, 20. lat. zi,
go. a city and port town of the Hi-
ther ludia, in Afia, in the pr. of
Guzurat, or Cambaya, fit, on the
river Tapte, 10 m. E. of the Indian
fes, i6nm. N, of Bombay, and as
miny S. of Cambaya city, being de.
fen:!ed only by a flight wall, and
fome antique forts, and is about
3 m. in circumfetence, bur vctv po-
pulous and vaCly rich. The Ene;-
liih, French, and Dutch have their
f dors here, and trr-de very larpcly ;
but the Moors, Armoninns, Wini-
ans, Ar.ibs, and Jews, ate much
greater merchants. Tiie Enaliih
Prefident livs in the ftate of a
Prince J has his coaches, p;ilTn-
quins, and led-horfc richly equipi^^' i,
and when he goes abroad has his
guards, and a numerous retinue, the
Europeans finding it neceflary t<^r
their officers and fervants to malfe 4
grand appearance among the eaft^vn
people. The P- i; ' jt is uftially G i-
vernor of Bombay, and of all the
Englifli fettlements upon theW. coaft
of India, and has almoft as much re-
s u
s w
fpeft pai«l to him as the Governor of
SuraC. The Mogul gives bis trading
i'ubjefts all imaginable encourage-
ment, as well as foreign merchants
which refer t to his ports, tho' he be
15. TO,
uny, in
pr. of
on the
e Indian
and a
leing de-
all, and
is about
v!.!ry po-
le Eng*
ve their
larecly ;
, iViv.i.
! mnch
E'ltiliih
Ue of 3
piilin-
4uipp''i,
has his
Blue, t^'C
"iiry f<^r
|ally G .-
all the
coaft
luch rc-
an
abfolute Prince j but the Dutch
aie beft ufed, and pay the leaft cuf-
toms, fcr if his officers demand more
than they think fit to pay, they have
a fl-^et of men of war in India, with
wh h they block up his ports, and
compel the government to fubmit to
their terms.
Surinam, W. Ion. 56, N. lat.
6. 30. capital of the Dutch colonies
and fettlements in Guiana, in South
America, They have a very extsnfivc
territory, and numerous plantations
about tJ)is city, which produce to-
bacco and fugar, part of which they
took from the linglifh, in the reign
of K.. Charles II. and by a fubfequcnt
peace thefe were confirmed to them,
in conftderation of the reJinquifliing
thiiir pretenfions to New York, and
other places in the northern colonies,
v.hich the Englifh had taken from
them J and the Dutch have now no
other fettlements in America, but
thofe of Surinam and fome little
iflands on the cuaft of Terra Firma,
and among the Caribbees.
SuRREV, an EoghHi co. bound-
ed by the river Thames, which fepa-
rates it from Middlefex, on the N.
by Kent on the E, by Sullex on tlie
S. and by Berkshire and Hampshire
on the W. being 34. mt long and 21
broad.
Sus, a pr. of the Empire of M' -
rocco, in Africa, bounded by the pr.
of Morocco Proper on the N. by
BJedulgerid on the E. and S. and by
the Atlantic ocean on the W. The
thief towns Taradant and Tafilet.
SusA, E. Ion, 7. lat. 45. a for-
tified town in Italy, in the pr. of
P.tdmont, fit. on the river Uoria,
on the confines of France, 18 m. N.
W. of Turin j fubjea to the K. of
Sardinia.
SusoAi., E. Ion. 42. lat. 57. a
city of Rulha, in the pr. of Mofcow,
wpttal of the ter, of SufdaJ, fit. on
the river Kefma, 100 m. N. E, ol
Mofcow.
So SI AN A, the pr. of Chufiftaa
in Perfia, anciently fo called.
Sussex, an Englifh co. bounded
by Surrey and Kent on the N. by
another part of Kent on the E. by
the Englifli channel on the S. and by
Hampfliire on the W, 65 m, long,
and 29 broad.
Sus TER EN, E. Ion. 5. 55. lat,
51.9. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Weitphalia and D. ot Juiiers,
fit. 10 m. S. of Roermonde.
Sutherland, a fhire of Scot-
land, bounded by Stnthnaver and
Cathnefis on the N. by the German
fea en the E. and by the /hire of
Rofs on the W. and S.
Sutton Colfxelp, W. Ion.
1. 50, lat. 52. 36. a market town
of Warwick/hire, fit. 20 m. N. W.
of Warwick.
Swab I A, a circle of Germany,
bounded by Franconia and the pal,
of the Rhine on the N. by Bavaria
on thcE. by Switzerland and the co,
of Tyrol on the S. and by the river
Rhine, which feparates it from Al-
fatia, on the W, being 130 m. lorjg,
and no broad, fub. to feveral Ger-
man princes and ftates. The D. of
Wirtemburg has the largeft fliare,
the Aurtrian family has a confiderable
part, the Elecfor of Bavaria and the
Princes of Baden have Lrge territo-
ries in it, and the city of Ulm and
other imperial cities poflefs the re-
mainder.
SwAFFAM, E. Ion, 5omin, lat,
52. 42. a market town of Norfolk,
fit. 23 m. W. of Norwich.
Swale, a river of Vorkftire,
which rifing on the confines of Wed-
morland,runs S.E, thro' Yorkfliire,
pairing by Richmond and Thir/k,
and falls into the river Oufc.
SvvALLEY, E. Ion. 72. 15. lat,
21.35. a port town of India, in the
pr. of Cambaya, fir. on the Indian
ocean, 12 m. N. W. of Surat, where
fhips receive and deliver their mer-
ch.indize foi the merchants of Surat,
SWANSSY, W. loH, 4. lai. 51,
40.
s w
s w
AOt a port town of Glamorgan/hire,
m. on Briftol channel, 30 m. W. of
Cardiff,
Sweden, a kingdom of Europe,
pare of the ancient Scandinavia, is
bounded by Norwegian Lapland on
tfa3 N. by Rufiia and RulUan Lap-
land on theE. by the B-iltic Tea, which
fcparat;;s it from Germany and Li-
vonia, on the S. and by the feas cal-
led the Sound and the Scaggerack and
the Dofrine mountains, which fepa-
rate it from Denmark and Norway,
«n the W. lying between 10 and 30
degrees of E. Ion. and between 56
and 69 degrees of N. lar. fo that it
mud be 800 m. in length, and up-
wards, from N. to S. and 500 m. in
breadth, from E. to W. The pro-
vinces of Kexholm, Carelia, Ingria,
and Livonia, which formerly were
pofiefled by Sweden, are now ceded
to Rufiia , part of their German ter-
riloiiea alio, have been ceded to other
powers, particularly Bremen, Ver-
dtn, and the eaflcrn Pomerania j
Sweden retains nothing in Germany
at prefent, but that part of Pomera-
nia whth lies N. W. of the river
Pene, the idand of Rugen, and the
town of Wifmar. It is for the
moft part a wretched cold country,
incumbered with barren rocks and
mountains, and great part of the
year covered with fnow j few navi-
gable rivers, but torrents in abun-
dance, running precipitately from
their rocks and m uatains, and af«
ter a (hort courfe falling into the
Baltic fea, which is frozen up four
or five months in the year. The
country alfo is full of great lakes and
mar/hes : Lapland and the northern
parts produce (carce any vegetables.
The riches of Sweden are chiefly in
the bowels of the earth, having
mines of filver, copper, and iron,
wnich exceed any in Europe ; and
they have fume fruitful valleys be-
tween their niountains, bjt thefe
do Bot produce corn enough C^r the
fyblillcnce of the inhabitants j their
bemg driven out (.f that plentiful
country of Livonia therefore was an
irreparable lofs to Sweden, They
ftipulated indeed with the RulTians
that they fliould be at liberty to im-
port corn from Livonia, but the Ruf.
lians frequently excufe thcmfelves for
not complying with this article, un-
der pretence of a fcarcity. The
manufactures of Sweden are chiefly
thofe of copper and iron, and they
have been endeavouring to eftabli/h
linnen ajid woollen manufadures
of late years. The exports from
Sweden, befides their hard-ware,
are pitch, tar, mafts, deals, and
wooden-ware j they import filkf,
fluffs, wine, brandy, fugar, f'pices,
tobacco, paper, linnen, and haber-
dafhery ware, which balance their
exportations, and fometimes exceed
them. Their trade to England is the
moft gainful, the Englifn taking off
the produce and manufadlures of
Sweden, and giving them near two
thirds of filver In return. By the
laws of Sweden foreigners are pro-
hibited to import any goods but whdt
are the produce of their refpetlive
countries. The forces of Sweittn
confifl of a v.ell difciplined militi3,
every confiderable farmer is c.i ligcd
to maintain one foldier in time of
peace, and the ofKcers of horfe aisJ
foot have lands affigned them for
their maintenance j the foldiery are
fubjeft to the civtl magiftrate while
,they remain in their quarters, but
when they are in adtual fervice they
are fubjetl to mil tary difcipline.
The militia of Sweden, befoie the
lofs of Livonia and their German
territories, amounted to 6o,oco mei.,
Charles XIL during his wars, aug-
mented them to 120,000, Lul he
beggar'd his country by it. The na-
val forces of Sweden have always
been reckon'd inferior to thole of
the Danes, but the Swedes ufually
were an over-match for the Drts
by land. The public revenues, which
.irife by the crown-lands, cufloins,
the filver and copper mines, titho,
poll. money, and other duties, are
computed to amount to i,ooo,ocol,
ftcrling per annumt Charles XII.
and
5 W
a«d Comt of his predeceflTofs were
abfolute monarchs, and claimed the
crown as their hereditary right j but
upon his death the ftates of Sweden
ele£led his youngeft filler, and put
fuch limitations on the crown, that
their fovereign enjoys little more than
the name of a King. The ftates
obliged that Princefs to declare that
fhe held the crown of the Aates, and
renounced for herfelf and her pofte-
rity, all arbitrary power j that /he
fhould profefs the Lutheran religion,
and no other fhould be tolerated j
that the ftates fhould not fubmit to
any taxes or laws that were not
made by their own confent : and
that fhe fhould not make peace or
war but by the like confent : and
the admlniftration of the government
was lodged in 24 fenators, of whom
the fovereign was no more than Pre-
(ident. She was difabled from med-
dling with the public treafure, with-
out their confent, or to difpofe of
any office, civil or military. And
this they infifted was the original
conftitution of their government j
which the late King alfo was
obliged to declare, and renounce
Calvinifm, in which he was edu-
cated, when the late Queen pro-
cured him to be eledled King j and
the fame arti(;les the Duke of Hol-
ftein-Eutin, his preftnt P.Iajefly, was
obliged to fubfcribc, when they de-
clared him fuccfflbr tuthe crown,
SwERiN, E. long. IX. 30, lat.
54. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Lower Saxony, capital of the D,
of Mecklenburg, fit. on the lake
Swerin, to which it gives its name,
az m. S, of the Baltic fea, 15 m.
S.of Wifmar, and 65 m. E.of Ham-
burg} fub. to the D. of Mecklen-
burg.
SwERNicK, F,. Ion. 20. la^ 44,
30. a town of European Turky, fit.
on the river Drino, on the confines
of Servia and Bofnia, 80 m. W. of
Eelgrade.
Swindon, W. Ion. i. 50. lat.
51. 32. a market town of Wiltfhiie,
<it, 25 m, N. of Salifbury,
S W
SwiTz, or SwissE, E. Ion. 8,
30. Jat, 47. capital of one of the
cantons of Switzerland, to which it
gives its name, fit. on the E. fide of
the lake Lucern, 16 m. S. E, of the
city of Lucern. The canton or ter,
belonging to this town is 20 m, lonp,
and 18 broad. There -'e no walled
towns in it. The inha. ints are ge-
nerally Proteftants, and are under the
proteftion of the canton of Bern.
Switzerland, or Swisser-
LAND, ftiled Helvetia by the Ro-
mans, is furrounded by the territo-
ries of France, Germany, and Italy,
being bounded by the Suntgow, the
Black Foreft, and other parts of
Suabia, on the N. by the lake of
Conftance, Tyrol, and Trent, on
the E. by the Duchies of Savoy,
Milan, and other provinces of Italy,
on the S, and by the French pro-
vinces of Burgundy and Franche-
Comte on the W. being about 260
m. long, and upwards of 100 bread,
there being fome parts of Italy and
France comprehended in it, which
were not included in the ancient
Helvetia. Switzerland lying between
45 and 48 degrees of N. lat. might
be expeded to be a warm country,
but as it is fituate on the Alps, the
higheft mountains of Europe, and
great part of the year covered with
fnow, the air is much fharper here
than in countries that lie more
northerly. And as Switzerland is
fepaiated from other countries by
high mountains, fo every canton, or
province, almoft, is divided from its
neij;,hbour by a ridge of hills, which"
are nut barren, but in fummer af-^
ford good paliure to the fheep, an j on
fome of them we meet with plow'd
fields ; two thirds of the canton
of Bern (much tiie largeft and moft
confiderable province) is a plain fiuit-*
ful country, abounding in corn. The
largelt rivfrs in Europe have their,
fource in thefe mountains, particu^
larly the Rhine, the Rhone, thet
Danube, the Rufs, and the Inn,
and there are a great many cxtenfive*
lakes, as thofe of Conftance and.
K. ic Geneva,
s w
s w
Oenevi» which ate either of them
60 m. long, and befides the lakes in
the valleys there is one on the top
of evtry rooonuin almoft j here are
alfo abundance of fine woods, |>arti-
qularly of pine and fir. trees. The
foil produces fome corn and wine,
but not in great quantities, and the
fruits of the earth are frequently
dedroyed by ftorms, or killed by
cold rains, and fometimes they lofe
their harveft entirely* In plentiful
years therefore, they lay op their
corn in magazines, to prevent the
poor peoples periftiiig, when fuch
calamities happen. What they a-
fcound in mofl-, is cattle ; they drive
a great trade with them In the neigh-
bour!/:^ countries, and their lakes
furniih them withi plenty of fifli.
They have fomt crape and lin-
nen manufaftures, but fcarce any
•f fiJk, wool, or hair ; moft of
their cloathing is imported from
abroad therefore, as well as their
corn and wine, of which they have
not enough to fupply their necefTu
ties. The balance of trade there-
fore being much againft them, thie
Switzers endeavour to retrench all
luperfluities, prohibit the wearing of
gold, filver, filk, thread lace, or
jewels, and whatever elfe is more
chargeable than ufeful in drefs.
Switzerland is ofoally divided into
3 claffes, I. Switzerland Proper, or
the thirteen cantons. 2« The fub-
je^s of Switzerland, or the conquered
countries. And, 3. The allies of
Switzerland, fuch as the Grifons,
the republic of Geneva, &c. The
general Diet reprefehts the Helvetic
body, or the 13 cantons, and is held
at Baden on the feafl: of St. John
Baptift annually, but feldom lafts
longer than one month* Here the
affairs of their common fubje£ts are
debated and regulated, but all other
mitters are treated of at particular
Diets of their refpedlive religions,
that of the Proteftants being held at
Aaraw, and that of the Roman
Catholics at Lucern. And indeed
the 13 cantons do cot make one
eoffimonwealth, but ate fo tnzny
independant dates united together by
flri£i alKances for their mutual de.
fence. For every canton, or pro-
vince, has its particular Diet, or
AfTembly, which miskes laws for
the government of the canton, and
is notcontradlAed by the refolutions
of the General Diet in any thing,
but what reliites to their common
balliageS; dr to their mutual defence.
The goverAtnent in fome cantons is
ariftocratical, and in others demo-
ciatical. The 7 ariftocratical cantons
are thbfe of Zurith, Bern, Lucern,
BaAl, Friburg, Soleure, and Schalf-
haofen : the 6 deiMocratical cantons
arc thoft of Uri, SWitz, Uhderwald,
Zi<g, Glarls, and Appbnzel. The
Proteftsint catitoiis are tho'fe of
Zurich, Bern, Bafil, and Schaff.
haufen, two thirds of the ciihton of
Claris, and more than half of Ap.
pensitel ; the reft are Roman Ca-
tholics. The Protsflants are much
the ftrongeft, ?nd itheir territories
more extenfive and fruitful, but then
the Pdpifh cantons iare fupported by
the Popiih powers, which furround
them. The legiflaitive power in the
canton of Bern is lodged in the
great cbuncil, confifting of 299 per-
fons; stnd the executive power in a
fenat-; of 27, defied out of the
great council. The government in
the other ariftocratical cantons is
much the fame as that of Bern,
but in the democratical cantons every
town and every parifli is a diftin^
ftate, and the fupreme legiflative
power is lodged ih the diffuHve body
of the people} every male of 16
years of dge, and every fervant, at
well as his mafter, has an e^ual
ihare in the government, and gives
his aflent to every law. There are
no ftanding forces kept up in Swit-
zerland, but there is no where a
better regulated militia. Every male
from 1 6 to 60 is inrolled j and one
third of them regimented j and out
of the other two thirds, thefc are re-
cruited from time to time ; and tho*
neither horfe or foot receive pay
while
s y
T A
^hile they remain at home, yet a»
foon as they take the field their pay
is fettled ; and for the readier af-
fept>ling their militia, there are
fignal$ in the moft confpicuoui places
made by Are in the night-time, and
a fmoak in the day, upon which
the whole body of their militia run
to arms, and march to the appoint-
ed rendezvous. And what renders
thena much better difciplined than
the militia of other nations, is the
cuftom of the young fellows to ferve
3 or 4 years in their troops abroad,
after which their officers are obliged
to permit them to return home, fo
that great part of their militia have
a£lually been in foreign fervice, and
may therefore well be deemed as
gcod as regular troops. Jo the late
war between the Proteftanf and Po-
pi/h cantons, the canton of Bern had
40,000 men in the field, and the can-
ton of Zurich 20,000, but the red
cf the cantons are not near fu power-
ful as thefe.
SwoLL, or ZwoLL, S. Ion. 6.
lat, 52, 37. a town of the United
Netherlands, in the pr. of Overyflel,
fit. 17 m. N. of De venter.
Syracuse, £ Ion. 15. 5. lat.
37, 25. a city and pojt town of Si-
cily, in the pr. of Val de Noto, fit.
on a fine bay of the Mediterranean,
on the E. coafl of the iHand, 65 m,
S. of MefTina. Once the capital of a
ilourifhing flate, and of t))e whole
ifland, but has been fo often deftroyed
by enemies and earthquakes, that
there are but few remains of its an-
cient grajidcur. It has however flill
fo commodious a harbour that peo-
ple re/ort to it again, and have re-
built feme part of the town, and it
is flill the fee of a bifhop.
Syria, a part of Afiatic Turky,
it bounded by Natolia and Turco-
mania on the N. by Diarbec, or
Mefopolomia, on the E. by Arabia
and Paleftine on the S . and by the
Levant fea on the W. The Turks
divide Syria into 3 beglerbeglies, or
viceroy alties, vix. Thofe of i. Alep-
po, z, Tripoli, And 3« Daniftfcus,
^Mt refpe^ivie
eppo ^kes in
», TiipoJi t^e
tht Sout^
•jroduccs c
of
, po e-
or Sqham, the fca
viceroys. That ot
the North part of S>
middle, and Damafc
Syria. This counr
wine, oil, oranges, ^nons
granates, peafe, beans, and all kinds
of pulfe and garden-fluflf, and has a
good trade in filks, camblets, and
Turky .leather, and they export vaft
quantities of fait, with which the
furface of the earth, as well as their
lakes is covered in fome places.
• »
T A
T ABA GO, W. Ion. 59. h(.
II, 30, one of the Caribbee
iflands, in the American ocean, fir.
20 m. N. E. of the ifland of Trinity,
and J20 m. S. of the ifland of I3ar-
badcts, being 52 m. long and 12
broad, formerly planted by the Engl
lifh, who were driven from it by the
Caribbees on the neighbouring conti-
nent j but why no attempts have been
made to plant it again, I can't con-
ceive, it being a vury defirable and
fruitful ifland, and capable of produ
cing fugar, and every thing that the
befl of the Caribboe iflands produce.
Tabarca, £. Ion. 8. lat. 36.
30. an ifland on the coafl of Barbary
in Africa, (it. 50 m. W, of Tunis,
faid to belong to the Genoefe.
Tabasco, W. Ion. 95. kt, 18,
cap. of the pr. of Tabafco in Aine-
rica, fit. on the bay of Campeachy,
at the mouth of the river Tabafco,
160 m. S. W, of Campu-vhy.
Table mountain, at theCapt
of Good Hope j the mofl fouthern
cape or promontory of Africa, which
here forms a bay, called Table Bay.
Tabor, E. Ion. 14.30. lat. 49.
23. a town of Bohemia, fit. 43 m.
S> of Prague.
Tabristan, a province of Per-
£a, fit. on the fouthern fhore of the
Cafpian fea, having the p^ of Aftra-
K k z bat
T A
T A
hat on the £. and Gilan on the
i W. part of the ancient Hyrcania.
i Tadp ASTER, W. Ion. I. 5. lat,
53. 55. a market town of York-
Aire, fit, 10 m. S.W. of Yoik.
r A D M R . See Palmyra
KUINS.
Tafala, W. Ion. I. 40. lat. 42,
45. a town of Spain, in the pr. of
Navarre, lit. 22 m. S. of Pampeluna.
Tafilet, W, Jon. 5. lat. 28.
a town of Biledulgeiid, in Africa, fit.
. 300 m. S. £. of Morocco.
T A c u s, the Jargefl river of Spain,
lifes on the ronfines of Arragon, and
ions S.W. through the provinces of
. NewCaftile and Eilremadura, pafling
by the cities of Araniuer, Toledo,
and A:cantaua,.and then crofling Por-
. tugal, forms the harbou;- of Lifbon,
■where it is about three miles over,
9r-d falls into the Atlantic ocean, 8
.©r.io miles below that city.
Tailleboukg, W. Ion. 40 m.
lat. 45. 52; a town of France, in the
pr. ot Guienne, and ter. of Sain-
tonge, fit. on the river Charente,
30 m. S.rE. of Rochelle.
^ Taine, W. Ion. 3. 45. lat. 58.
a port town of Scotland, fit. on the
frith of Dornock, in the rtiire of Rofs,
vpppolite to the town of Dornock, 12
m. N. of Cromaitie.
...^AiTCHEu, £. Ion. 121. lat. 29.
a city and port town of China, in
i^fia, fit. on the coaft of the Pacific
ocean, 260 m. S. £. of Nanking.
Xalamone, £. Ion. 11 50. lat.
42. 33. a poit town of Tufcany, fit.
•n the coaft del Prefidii, 15 ni. N.
ejf Orbitcllo, fub. to Spain.
Talavera, W, Ion. 7. 15. lat.
38. 40. a town of Spain, in the pr.
of Efiremadura, fit. on the river
Guadiana, 14 m. £. of Hadajos.
Tallard, £. Ion. 5. 50. lat. 44.
zg, a town of France, iil the pr, of
Pauphine, fit. on the river Durance,
47 m. S. of Grenoble.
Tallemont, W. Ion; i. lat. 1 1^.
35. a town of France, in the pr. ot
Guienne, and ter, of Saintonge, fit.
. near the mouth of the river Ga{Onae>
40 uu S. of Rochelle*
Tamar River, runs from \',
toS. dividing Devon/hire from Corn,
wall.
Tame, W. Ion. i. lat. 51. 4?.
a market town of Oxfordfliire, fir,
on the river Tame, 10 m. E. of
Oxford.
Tamworth, W, Ion. i. r^%,
lat. 52. 40, a borough town of Staf.
fordfhire, fit. 20 m. S, E. of Staf.
ford } ele^s two members of parlia*
menr.
Tanais. See Don River.
Tanaro, a river of Italy, which
rifes in the S. of Piedmont, and runj
N. E. through that province, palTing
by Alba, Aiti, and Alexandria, and
lalls into the Po below VaJenza.
Tanasserim, E. Ion. 08. lat.
12. a. city of the farther India, in
Afia, cap. of the pr. of Tanafierim,
in thie K. of Siam, fit. 220 m. S.W,
of Slam city.
Tancos, W. Ion. 8. 36. lat. 39,
16. a town of Portugal, in the pr. of
Eftremadura, fit. on the river Tagui,
60 ra. N; E. of Lifbon.
Tanda, E. Ion. 87. lat. 25. a
town of the E. Indies, in Afia, lit,
on the E, fide of the rivr Ganges,
in the pr. of Bengal, 120 m, N, W,
of Dacca.
Tandava, E.lon, 124. lat, 12.
one of the moft eafterly of the Phi-
lippine iilands, in Afia, fub. to the
K. of Spain.
Tangermunde, £, Ion. 12.27.
lat. 52. 40. a town of Germany, in
the cir. of Upper Saxony, and mar,
of Brandenburg, fit, on the river
Elbe, 54 m. W. of Berlin, fub. to
the K. of Pruffia.
Tangier, W. Ion, 7. lat. 35,
40. a port town of Africa, irt the
empire of Morocco, and kingdom of
Fez, fit. at the entrance of the flraits
of Gibraltar, It was the capital of
the ancient Mauritania Tingitana ;
taken from the Moors by the Portu.
guefc, and by them transferred to
Charles II. King of England, anno
1661, when he married the Princefs
Catharine, Infanta of Portugal 5 but
•he King being at a great charge in
keeping
T A
T A
Iceeping up the fortifications, and
maintaining a numerous earrifon a-
gainft the continual attacks of the
Moors, the works were blown up
and deffioli(hed, and the garrifon
withdrawn from thence in the year
1683. Here were bred fome of the
bed foldiers the Engliih had in the
wars with France, in the reign of
King William.
Tan GUT, a pr. of ChineHan
Tartary, fit. N. W. of the great
wall, which divides Tartary from
China.
TANjovRy a pr. of the Hither
India, in Afia, fit. on the coaft of
Curmandel, ftparated from the ifland
of Ceylon by a narrow flraic.
Tan JOUR City,E. lop, 79. lat.
11.30. cap. of the pr. of Tanjour,
iit. 60 m. S. W. of Trincombar,
fub. to the K. of Tanjoyr, who is
tributary to the Mogul.
Taormina, £. Ion. 15. 30. lat.
38. 15. a port town of Sicily, Ht.
jn the pr. of Demona, x8 m. S. of
Mellina.
Tapte, a river of the Hither
India, in Alia, which runs from £.
to W. thro* the pr. of Cambaya, and
falls into the Indian ocean a little
below Surat.
TAPUYER8,andTAriNAMi.ES,
two numerous tribes which the For-
tuguefe found in Brafil, in S. Ame-
rica, when they planted that coun-
try, reported to be giants at firft,
but ate now found to be of the fize
of other men.
Taracon, W. Ion. a, 6. lat.
41. 55. a city of Spain, in the pr.
of Arragon, lit. on the confines of
Old Caftile, 50 m. N. W. of Sara-
gofla.
Taracon, E. Ion. x. 15. lat.
41. 6. a city and port town ot Spain,
in the pr. of Catalonia, iit. on the
Mediterranean fea, 45 m. S. W. of
Barcelona. This was the capital of
the laigeft divifion of Spain in the
time of the Romans, called from
hence Tarraconenfis, and was then
as large and populous a city as Car-
thage } but it is now reduced to 500
houlcs, ^nd the harbour choake^.
up i iiowever, it is finely (ituated
oil an eminence, in a pleafant fruit-
ful country, and is iliU the fee of
an archb.
Taranto, E. Ion. 18. 15. lat.
40. 3s. a port town of Italy, in the
kingdom Of Naples, and pr. of O*
tranto, fit. on the gulph of Otranto,
45 m. W. of Otrantp city, the fee
Ot an archbilhop. Near the city of
Taianto is found that infcA called
the tarantula, which fome relfem*
ble to a fcorpjon, buir the true ta-
rantula is like a fpider, and neither
bites nor flings, but di ops its poifdn
on the part it wound.^. The cure
for one who rs wounded by either of
them, according to /ome accountSj i^
mufic.
Tarascon, E. Ion. 4. 50. lat.
43. 40. a town of France, in th«
pr. of Provence, fit, on the rivet
Rhone, 8 m. N. of Aries.
Tarbss, W. Ion. 3 min. lat.
43. 16. a city of France, in the pr. of
Gafcony, and tcr. of Bigorre, fit. pn
the river Adour, 60 m. S. B. of
Bayonne.
Tarentaij Ducmv, the foutjh
divifion of Savoy, having PiedmoipC
on the S.B. and Savoy Proper OA
the N. W. fub. to the King of Sar-
dinia^
Targorod, E. Ion. 26. 30. lat.
47. a town of European Turky, in
the pr. of Moldavia, fit. 50 m. S.W.
of Jazy>
Tarifpa,W, Ion. 6. 15. lat. 36.
a port tovyn of Spain, jn the pr. of
Andalufia, fit. at the entrance of the
ftraits of Gibraltar, 18 m, W. of
Gibraltar, arid 24 N. of Tangier.
Tarkv, E. Ion. 51. lat, 42. a
port town of Perfia, in the pr. of
Cliirvan, and ter. cf DigiOan, fie. on
the Wed fide of the Cafpi^n fea, 300
m. N. £. of Tauris, and as muih
fouth of Adracan.
Taro, a river of Italy, whiih
rifes in the mountains, on tde ion.
fines of Genoa, and runsN.E. V.iio'
the D. of Parma, falling irtlw the I'o
Ickw CiClhona.
Rk 3 Ta.
T A
T A
, TAnoDAKT, W. Ion. lo. lat.
30. a city of Morocco, in Africa, in
tiic ter. of Sus, fit. near the Atlan-
tic ocean, 120 m. S. of the city of
Woroccot
Tars us, now Ter AS so, E. Ion,
35. lat. 37, once the capital of Ci-
hcia, in the Leffer Afia, now a pro-
vince of Afiatic Turky, fit. on the
North fide of the Levant fea, near
the mouth of the river Cydnus, 100
jr. N, of the city of Nicofia, in the
jfland of Cyprus. The place of St.
Paul's nativity.
Tartary, which is the fame
country as the ancient Scythia, com-
prehended all the North of Europe
and Afia, of which the Rufiians pof-
iefs much the greateft part at prefent,
and have ^iven it the name of Sibei ia,
■which extends from the rivers Oby
and Irtis, that divide Afia from Eu-
rope, to the Pacific ocean.
■ Chincfian Tartary, which lies N.
of China, and is bounded by Siberia
on the North and Weft, is now the
largefl country that goes by the name
of Tartary, puflbfTed by one fovereign,
and for that reafon is fometimes
called Great Tartary. The Tartars
which lie fouth of Siberia and Muf-
"covy, are the Tartars of Aftracan,
CircafiTia, and Dagiftan, fituate N.W.
"of the Cafpian fea. The Kalmucks,
vbich lies between Siberia and the
Cafpian fea. The Ufbec Tartars
and Moguls, which lie North of Pcr-
fja and Imlia, and thofe of Tibet,
which lie N.W. of China. Of
tliefe the Tartars of Aftracan are fub-
jeil toMufcovyj thofe of Ciicaflia
and pagiftan fometimes put them'
ftlves under the proted^ion of the
RiiiTians, and fometimes acknow-
ledge the Turks or I'erfians their
fovcrfigns. The Kalmuck Tartars
at prefent acknowledge tliemfelves
luHiras of Ruftia. The Ufbec Tar-
tars were lately independent, but
V; e fubdued by Kouii Khan, the
^e fjvereign of Herfia, who took
fvllnfiion «.f their capital city Bnc-
haM. T)'.e Moguls fcem to be ftjll
mdcj^endvat, as well ai thole uf Ti*
bet, which occafions this country ti
be called Independent Tartary fome-
times, and the Tartars of Tibet are io
powerful that they are frequently at
war with the Chinefe.
The Northern Tartary is a cold
barren country, almoft always covered
with fnow, wherein are very few
houfes or inhabitants. The fouihern
Tartars, for the moft part, enjoy a
temperate climate and a fruitful ifoii j
but as few of them have fixed habi-
tations, or apply themfelvcs to tul-
tivatc the foil, but are continually
moving from place to place, to find
pafture for their numerous fiocks
and herds, that fine country produ-
ces little.
There are fome other countries in
Europe which ftill bear the name of
Tartary, but thefe are feparated
from the reft by tht^ Palus M.cotis
and the Black fea, viz. Little 'i'ar-
tary, Crim Tartary, and Budziac
Tartary, which are all fubjedt t*
the Turk.
Tasso, or Thassus, E. Ion. 27,
lat. 40. 30. one of the fmalleft iflands
in the Archipelago, or Ejjcan fea,
fit. near the coaft of Romania, or
Thrace, 30 m. N. of Lemnos, and
40 m. S. E. of ContefTa.
Tata, orSiNOA, a province©
the Hither India, in Afia, is fit. oa
the mouth of the river Indus, beinj
bounded by the pr. of Buckor on th;
N. by Jelielmere and Soret on the
E. by the gulf of Sindi, or Indus,
on the S. and by Perfia on the W. le-
duced by Kouli Khan, late fovereign
of Perfia, and at prefent fubjed to
that crown.
Tata City, E. Ion. 63. Kit. 25,
40. cap. of the pr. of Tat.i, fit. lO
the river Indus, 210 m. N. W. uf
Guzurat.
Tatters HAIL, under the me*
ridian cf London, lat. 53. 6. a mar-
ket town of LinculnfhirCj fit. iS nOt
S. E. of Lincoln.
Tavastus, E. Ion. 24. l.it. 6r.
ao. cap. of the pr. of Tavallu, in
the ter. of Finland, in Sweden, (it.
S4 m, N. E. of Abu. fub. lo Swcdm.
Tau-
T A
T E
TAVBXit, a river of Germany,
which rifes in the mar. of Anfpach,
in ihe cir. of Fraticonia, and running
N.W, pafTes by Mcigenthcim, falling
into the river Maine at Wertheim.
TavernajE. Ion. 17. lat. 39. 15.
a town of Italy, in the further Cala-
bria, fit. 70 m. N. E. of Reggie.
Tavira, W. Ion. 8. 32. lat, 37.
a city of Portugal, cap. ct the pr. of
Algarva, fit. on the lea coaft, at the
mouth of the river Gilaon, 25 m.
E. of Faro.
Tavistock, W. Ion. 4. 26.
lat. 50. 37. a borough town of De-
von, fit. 32 m. W. of Exeter ; fends
two members to parliament, and gives
the title of Marquis to the noble fa-
mily of the KuQelf, Dukes of Bed-
ford.
Taunton, W. Ion. 3. 10. lat.
51. 6. a borough town of Somerfet-
iliire, fit. 20 m. S,W. of Wells, in
vliich there is a cunfiderable manu-
fadture of woollen cloth j fends two
members to parliament.
Tauris, or Taeris, E. Ion,
<}6. 30. lat, 38. 20, a city of Perfia,
in Alia, in the pr. of Adirbeitzan,
the ancient Ecbatana, cap* of Media.
It is fit. in a fine plain, furrounded
with mountains, from whence theie
falls a rivulet, which runs thro' the
city; lying 300 m. S.E, of Erze-
rum, and 400 m. N. of Ifpahan.
The old city was 15 m. in circum-
ference, and had walls 70 cubits
high. The prefent town is about
5 m, in circuit, very populous, and
a place of great trade : It Handing
near the frontiers of Tuiky, has
been often taken and retaken ; the
Tutks fiirpiized it during the late
civil wars in Ferfia, and exercifed
their ufual barbarities on the inha-
titarits, killing an incredible num-
ber ot them} but Kouli Khan re-
duced it under the obedience of the
Ptrfuns again, and purfut'd the Tuiks
into their own territories.
Taurus and An i it aur us,
arc mountains which uin through
the Lf (Tcr Afi* from W, 10 li. iuio
i'ulid.
Tay, a river of Scotland, whicfc
divides it into North and South Scot-
land, rifmg from the loch or lake of
Tay, in the Aire of Broadalbin, and
running E. through Athol, after-
wards turns S. £. dividing the coun-
ties of Perth and. Angus trom Stra-
thern and ihc, falling into the fiith
of Tay.
Tayven, E. Ion. io8, lat. 3S,
30. a city of China, in Afia, in the
pr. of Xanfi, fit, 240 m, S, W, of
Pekio, , I f%
TtCKLENBURG, E. lon. 7. 20.
lat. 52. 21. a city of Germany, in
the cir. of Weftphalia, cap. ol the
county of Tccklenburg, fit. 13 m,
S. W. of Oinabrug, lub, to its owa
Count.
Tees, a river which rifes on t! e
confines of Cumberland, and running
eaflward, divides the county of Dur-
han. from Yorkfhire, and falls into
the German fea below Stockton.
Teflis, E. lon. 47. 20, lat. 43.
the capital of Perfian Georgia, in
Afia, fit, on the river Kur, or Cyru»,
300 m. N. of Tauris, and as many
S. of Aftracan.
Tegapatan, E. Ion. 76. lat,
8. a port town of the Hither India,
in Afia, fit. near CapeComprin, the
moft fouthern promontory of that
peninfula, 80 m. S. of Coch'n, and
160 m. N. W, of Columbo, in
Ceylon ; here the Dutch have a
fadtory. v^ ,
Tehama, one of the divlfions of
Arabia Felix, in Afia, fit. on the Rtd
fea, between the provinces of Mecca
and Hadramut.
T E I s s E, or Tjcys, a river of
Hungary, wliich rifes in the Carpa«
thian mountains, and running fronn
E. to W. palfes by Todtay ; then
turning S. pafies by Zulnotk and
S gedin, and having joined the river
Merilh, falls into the Danube, cf«
pjfitc to Saiankamen.
'I'r.LESiN, a province of the K.
of Algiers, in Africa, fi'. on the
confines of the empire ol Morocco.
Telua, H. lon. 17. 30. lat. 50.
24. a City of SwcdcHi in the pr. of
Sunder*
i
TE
T E
Suoderlaiid, fit. on the South fide of
the Melier lake, 20 m. S. W. of
SrockhoUn*
TxLLicHBRRY, E. lon. 75. ht.
•t2. a port town on the MakbJir coaft,
4n the Hithtr India, in Afia, fit, 30
Ri. N. of CaJlicut. Here ii an £ng-
li& fa£h>ry.
Temeswaer, £. lon. zz, lat.
45. 55. the capital city of the ban-
nat oi^ Temefwaer, lately annexed to
Hungary, fit. 60 m. N. £. of Bel-
grade, now one of the frontier towns
againft Tuiky, Tub. to the houfe of
(AuAria.
TzMROCK, E. lon. 41. lat. 46.
a port town of Koban or Circaflian
I'artary, in Afia, fit. on the S. coail
of the Falus M;ccti«, 20 m. £. of
the ftraits of Kaffa.
Tbnbury, W. Ion. 2. 32. lat.
52. 20. a market town of WorceAer-
Jhire, fit. 15 m. N. W. of Wor-
cefter.
Tbnbv, W. lon. 4. 45, lat. 51.
40. a port town of Pembrokeihire,
lit. on Briftol channel, S m. £. of
Pembroke.
TxNDi, E. lon. 7. 30. lat. 44.
.5.>a town of Italy, in the pr. of Picd-
ynont, and county of Nice, fir. 25 m.
N. £. of Nice, fub. to the King of
Sardinia.
Temedos, E. lon. 27. lat. 39.
50. one of the ^mailed iflands of tiie
jArchipelago, fit. near the coaft of
the LeHer Afia, a little W. of the
tuins of Troy. This is conjectured
to be the iiland behind which the
Grecian fleet retired, when they pre-
tended to raife the fiege of Troy, and
afterwards furpriaed that city.
TRNBRir, W. lon. 171 lat. 28.
one of the largeft of the Canary inands,
(fit. in the Atlantic ocean, 350 m.
W. of Morocco, in Africa, about
]20 m. in circumference, it is a
•fruitful ifland. abounding in corn,
wine, and oil, tho' pretty much en-
cumbered with mountains, of which
the moft remarkable is that called the
Pico of Tenerif, being one of the
Jlighlft oMuntaini m tb« world; of
Ahe ibm of a fagar loaf, tlie white
top whereof may be fcca at fe« up.
wards of one bundred miles. Tbii
inountain is a vuleano, and occafions
frequent earthquakes. In the year
1704, fe?eral vukanos burft out in
this iOand, and did not only produce
an earthquake, but whole towns were
fwallowed up, or overturned, with
many ihoufand people in them, by
torrents of burning fulphur and ne.
tallic oar that ilTued from thofe vuj.
canos, and fome of the richeft land
in the ifland was converted into a bar-
ren defart. Were it not for the dread
of fuch calamities, thefe ifiands would
well deferve the name of Fortunate,
which was once given them j for they
produce every thing thaft is defitable
in life } but their principal exports
conAft of thofe rich wines, which,
from the country they comj fron,
are denominated Canary.
Tines, a province of the king-
dom of Algiers, in Africa.
Tenos. See TiNO Isle.
Tenterden, E, lon. 45 mln.
lat. 51. 6. a market town of Kent,
fit. 20 m. S.W. of Canterbuiy.
Teramo, E. lon. 15. lat. 42,
40, a town of Italy, in the kingdom
of Naples, and ter. of Abrutzo, fit.
42 m. S. of Loretto.
Ter CERA, W. lon, 28. lat. 39,
one of the largeft of the Axores or
Weftcrn ifiands, fit. in the Atlantic
ocean, almoft in the mid-way between
the continents of Europe and America,
about 1000 m. from either. Thelc
iilands produce fcarce any thing to
traffic with, unlefs corn and cattle,
with which they fuppiy the (hips thit
call here. They are fubjedt to the
crown of Portugal.
Tergowisco, E. lon. 26. 30.
lat. 45. 35. capital of Wallachi;*, in
Euro|Jhkn Turky, fit. 80 m. S. £. of
Hermanftat, in Tranfilvania.
Terki, E. lon. C2. lat. 43. 40.
a port town of Circailia, in Afu, fir.
on a river of the fame name, near
the Cafpijn fea, being the frontier
town «f the Ruffians agaiafi Tafth
100
T E
T E
ICO m. N. of Dcrbcnt, and 140 S.
cf Artracan.
Ter MINI, or Ter MOLE, Er Ion.
16. lat. 42. a town of Italy in the
kingdom of Naples, and pr. of the
Capitinate, fit. on the gulph of Ve-
nice, 70 m. N. E. of Nap'es.
Ternate, E, Ion. 125.. lat. 1,
J 5. the moft northerly of the Mo-
lucca or Clove-iflands, in the Indian
feas, in Afn, fir. a little W. of the
fflaHd of Gilolo, and ico m. E. of
the ifland of Celebes, or Macaflar,
in the pofleflion cf the Dutch.
Te/«ni, E. Ion. 13. 38. lat. 42.
40. a town of Italy, in the Pope's
ter. and pr, of Umbria, fi\ 46 n.
N. E. of Rome, Here is 01. f' e
fincft natural cafcades in Europe, iC
water throwing itfelf down a preci.
pice 300 foot : It is a populous place,
and has a great trade in olive-oil, all
the adjacent country being thick
planted with olives.
TiRNovo, E. Ion. 15. lat. 43,
a town of Bulgaria, in European
Turky, fit. ICO m. S. E. of Nilfa,
Terracina, E, Ion. 14. 5, lat.
41. 18. a town of Italy, in the Pope's
ter. and Campania of Rome, fit. near
the Tufcan fea, 17 m, N, W. of
Gaieta.
Terra del Fogo, is an idand
of South America, bounded by the
flraits of Migellan on the N, by the
Atlantic ocean on t! e E, and by the
South fea on the S. and W. It is
of a triangular figure, the bafe
whereof is the ftrait of Magellan j
the length of the ifland being 300
m. from E. to W. and about as much
from N. to S. the point or fummit
©f the pyramid lying in 80 degrees
W. Ion. and 57 degrees 30 min. S.
lat. This is the moft fouthern cape
or promontory of South America,
about which all Oiips fail at prefent
into the Pacific ocean, inflead of
going thro' the ftralts of Magellan,
>s the firft difcoYcrer did, who gave
hii name to that ftiait. Terra del
Fugo is a mountainous, woody coun-
try, the tops of the mountains almoft
•Iwayi covered with fnow, Theic we
fomc good harbours on the coaff,
where fhips may lie fecure from
ftorms, which thefe feas are very
much fubjeft to ; hui. l*perceive our
mariners chufe to keep at a diftance
from the land, in their paflage round
Cape Horn, that they may have
fea- room, rather than ccme near it.
There are fome few inhabitants on
the ifland, as there are upon the
continent on the North- fide of the
firaits : They are reprefented as a
brave hardy race, naturally of dirk
olive complexions, but paint both
their faces and b'ldies, and have no
other cloathing but a mantle they
make of the /kins of animals, and a
cap of feathers, and live in little huti
they make with the boughs of trees,
eating what they take in hunting
or fifliing. Their arms are bovi s and
arrows, pointed with fharp flints or
bones, and their nets made of the
fmev;s of animals, or the fibres of
the bark of fome tre??. Their
country feems to have little in it to,
invite foreigners to fettle amongft-
them ; at leaft the Europeans have
thought fit, hitherto, to leave them
to their natural liberty, as well a$
the natives of the oppofite continent
of Patagonia,
Terra-Firma, in South Ame-
rica, taken in its largefl extent,
comprehends, I, Terra-firma Pro-
per, 2, Carthagena. 3. St, Mar-
tha. 4. Rio de la Hacha. 5. Vcn-
7uela. 6. Comana, 7. New An-
dalufia, 8. New Granada ; and,
9. Popayan. All which are fubjcft
to Spain, and were at firft called by
the name of Caftilla del Oro, or
Golden Caftile, on account of f'lme
gold mines they expeflcd to find in
this country, which is bounded by the
North fea, and part of the Atlantic
ocean, on the North, by the river
Oronoco on the E. by Peru and the
country of the Amazons on the
S. and by the Pacific ocean and the
province of Veragua in North Ame-
rica, on the Weft. Some include
Guiana, or Caribiana, in Terra-
firma, but I chufc to omit thefe,
bectuft
T E
t E
ttecaufe they are pofTefTed by the
French and Dutch, and the native
Indians^ and the Spaniards have now
fcarce any fettlements £. of the river
pronoco,
Thefe countries which I have in-
cluded in Terra- 6rma, lie between
62 and 83 degrees of weftern longi-
tude, and between the equator and
12 degrees of N, lat. being upwards
of twelve hundred Wiiles in length
from E. to W. and 800 n^iies in
breadth from N. to S.
Terra Firma Proper, which
is more known by the name of Da-
riefi, IS bounded by the North fea
on the N, by the gulph or river of
Darien, which feparates it from
-Catthagena on the E. by Popayan
and the Pacific ocean on the S. and
by the fame orean and the province
of Veragua in North America, on
the W. lying between 3 and 20 de-
grees of N. lat. 9nd between 78 and
3 3 degrees of W. Ion. in the foftn
of a crefceot about that fpacious
bay of Panama, and is 300 m. in
length, a«d 60 in breadth, from the
North to the South fea ; this being
the Ifthmus which joins North an4
South America^ tlie chief towns
whereof are Panama on the Snuth
fea, an4 PerCo-BeUo on the North
lea.
This country confifls of exceeding
high hills, and long deep valleys,, and
is fo diflicutt to pal's, tljiat travelteis
are ufually fix or feven days in going
crofs it from one fea to the pther,
though the ift)imu8 be but 60 miles
over } and the torrents which f^ll
from the mountains, are a great
obilru^ion to the piHagc in the
fainy feafon, which eootinues every
year from April to Novejnber, and
lometimes to Decenober ; fo that
they have fcarce thiee montht tair
weather in the whole year.
TxRRiNC, W. loo. 25 min. lat.
50, 50* a market town of Suflcx,
fit. on the Ejigliib channel, 20 m.
£. of Cbichefter,
TERKouE^', E. Ion. t, 15. lat.
50. 37. • tuwa of (he Fi^cb Nc-
therlancb, ra the pr. of Artois, 6ti
on the river Lis, 6 m. S. of St. 0«
mer^s, and 5 m. W. o/Aire.
TxRVEi, W. Ion. 1. 20. lai. 40,
35. a city of Spain, in the pr. of
Arragon, fit. on the river Guadala.
viar, 75 m. S. of Saragofla.
TxRviRE, E. ion. 3. 35. laf.
51. 38. a port town of the unted
Neihtrlands, in the pr. of Zeland,
fit. on the N. E, coail of the iflani
of Walcheren, 4 m. N. E. of Mid'
dleburg, fubje^ to the Prince of
Orange,
Teschin, E. Ion. 18. lat. 49.
50. a city of the K. of Bohen^ia, in
the D. of Silefia, fit. 27 m, S. E. cf
Troppau,
Tessin, a river of Italy, which
rifes in the Alps, and runs ihiu' the
country of the Grifons and the lake
M^gg'or* and ^^^n turning S E,
through the Milanefe, pafles by Pa-
yia, and falls miD the Po, a iittl^
below that city.
Tetbury, W. Ion. 2. 16. lat.
51. 36. a market tpwo of Gloceder-
fhire, fituate fixteen miles South of
Glocefter.
Teticaco, a great lake of Pera
in Amerira, pore than 200 miles io
circumferrnce, fituate in the pr. of
Caliao. The towns 0tyated on that
lake are efieemed the mofi delightful
abcdjs in South America.
Tit u AN, W. Ion. 6. 35. lat.
35. 40. a tt)wn of the empire of Mj«
xocco in Africa, fit. about 60 m. S, E.
of Tangier, 8 in. from the bay of
Teluan, jufi within the firaits of
Gibraiur. it contains about 30,009
irihubitants, of which 5000 are Jews,
who have all the trade of the plau
in their bands, beinig brokers between
the Chriftians and Moors. The
town is furcoundcd by a wall, and hii
a great caftle iot its defence, of no
great ftrength. The palaces of tlii
MooriAi Covtsnor. wiio is fubje^ ts
the Emperor of Morocco, are muck
admired for their beauty and magm*
ficcnce.
TiCwkivvrt, W. Ion. 3. f$i
Ut% p« » b«i'QU|li twffn of CloceRct-
Ttt
T H
fifire, fit. on the river Severn, lO m.
K. of Clocefter ; f«nds two members
to parliament.
'CtxtL, E.. Ion. 4. 25. ht. 53.
ti. an ifland df Holland, fit. at the
entrance of ^he Zayder fea, parted
from the continent of Holland by
a narrow channel, through which
moft fliips l^oufld for Amftd-dam
pafs.
Teyn, t. Ion. 73. lat. 49. 32.
a town of Bohemia, (It. 50 m. S.W.
of Pragure, futjed to the houfe of
Auftria.
THAMts, a great navigable river
of England, lomfiofed chiefly of the
rivers liis and Th^me, of which the
Ifis is much the lit^Ctf and runs the
longeft courfe, rif^ng on the confines
of Gloccaerftire, i Ihtk S. W. of
Cirenfefter, and at Lechhde becomes
naviglAle, from whence it continues
it« courfe Iff. £. to Oj^ford, where it
receives the Charwell 3 from Oxford
it runs S. E. to Abington^ and fo to
Ddrchcfter, Where it receives the
Thame, iiind continues its courfe S.
E. by Wallingford te Reading { after
which it vifits Maflow and Windfor,
aid from thence runs £. by Brent*
ford and Richmond to London, and
continues the fatne courfe to the fea,
receiving the river Medway near the
motjth of it. The Thaine is but a
fnail river, Which rifing near Tring
in Hertfordihire, crdfles the county
of Bucks, and falls into the IHs at
Dotchefter, before which it is a fmall
unnavlgable flream,
Tnan£t, a little ifland of Eaft
Kent, formed by the branches of
the river Stuuf and the fea, from
whence the noble family of Tufton
take the title of Earl.
THAtTCD, E. Ion. 18 min. lat,
51. a market town of Eifex, fit. 18
m. N. of Chelmsford.
TxcKEs, the name of an ancient
city in Upper Egypt, in Africa, now
in ruins.
Thkiei, was in ancient city of
Achaia in Greece, now a province of
European Turky, and ftood near the
r'«ce where Thiva now Aands.
TntssAtOKiCA. See Sai9«
KICHI.
Thessaly, now Janna, a
movince of European Turkey, ii
bounded by Macedonia on the K*
by the Archipelago on the E. by
Achaia or Livadia on the S. and by
Epirus on the W. The chief lowa
Larifid.
Thetford, E. Ion. 50 mIn. lat.
52. 28. the county town of Norfolk,
IK. 25 m. S. W. of Norwich j fend*
two members to parliament.
Thevsse, a river of Hungary.
Sec Teisse.
Thibet, or Tibet, one of the
tnoR powerful of the Tartar King-
doms, in Alia, having China on the
E, and India, or the Empire of the
Great Mogul, on the W.
Thionville, E.lon. 6. ht. 49.
32. a city of Luxemburg, fit. on the
Tiver Mofelle, 25 m. S.W. of Triers,
fub. to France.
Tnxrsk, W. kn. i. 8. lat. 54.
12, a borough town in the N. riding
of York/hire, fit. on the river Swale,
16 m. N. W. of York j fends two
members to parliament.
Thoma« (St.) E. Ion. So, lat.
13. a city of the Hither India, in
A(ia, on the coaft of Cormandel«
3 m. S. of Fort St. George, fubjeft
to the Portuguefe, and the fee ol aa
archb.
Thomas (St.) an ifland in the
Atlantic ocean, fit. under the equa<
tor, in 8 dtgreees E. Ion. 240 m*
N. W, of the city of Loango, in
Africa, fub. to the Portuguefe.
Thomas (St.) W. Ion. 62. 30,
lat. 7. a town of Guiana, in South
America, fit. on the river Oronuio,
fub. to Spain. This was the fatal
place Sir Walter Raleigh's people
attacked, when he went in fearch
of a gold-mine, by the direction of
K. James I. for which he loft hit
head.
Thomond, a county of Ireland.
See Clare.
Thonok, E. Ion. 6. ao. lat. 46.
30. a town of Savoy, in the D. of
Chablais, fit. on the S. fide of the
laka
T H
T H
lake of Geneva, i6 m. N. E. of
the city of Geneva, fub. to the K,
-of Sardinia.
Thorn, E. Ion. 19. lat. 52.40.
a city of Poland, in the pr. of Regal
Pruilia, fit. on the rivet Viftula, 80
m. N. W. of Warfaw, and 72 m. S.
of Dantzick ; Tub. to the Republic
of Poland, being one of the beft
built cities in Prajflia, and the inha-
Litants generally Proteflants j but
there happening to be a monadery of
Jelbits in the place, and fome of the
populace deriding a proceflion they
made thro* the city, and inl'ultin^
the Jefuits, in the year 1724, the
Republic feflc down judges to Thorn,
to try the magiftrates fox not fup-
prciUng the riot ; and the two prin-
cipal magiftrates of the place, the
prelident ard vice-prefident, weye
condemned to be beiieaded, with thir-
teen or fourteen more of the burt^hers,
and many more were iined and iin*
priloned : Moft of the Proteflant
powers of Europe interpofed to get
the lenterice reverfed j but the Re-
public of Poland Tent down a body
of forces to Thorn, and caufed the
fentence to be executed.
Thornburv, W, Ion. 2. 31.
lat. 51. 35. a market town of Gio-
celterlhire, fit. 20 m. S.. W. of Glo-
ccller.
Thornev Island, an ifland
made by the branches of the Thames
'formerly, where Weftminfter-abbey
now ftands.
Thorney '1st and, fit. in a bay
of the £. channel, between Chiche-
ftcr and Portfmouth.
' ""Thouars, W. Ion. 5 min. lat,
47. a town of France, in the pr. of
Orleanois, and ter. of Poidlou, fit.
30 m. N. W, of Poidtiers.
Thoulon, or Toulon, E. Ion.
6. lat. 43. 5. a port town of Pro-
\ence in France, fit. on a bay of the
Mediteiranean fca, 400 m. S. £. of
Paris, 25 m. S. E. of Maifcillcs- and
80 m. S. W. of Nice. It has the
moft fecure and capacious harbour of
any port in France j here the largell
ihipi of the royal cavy are built and
ftatloned, and here vaft magwlnes ot
all manner of naval (lores and tin>ttr
for (hipping are repofited. Here alfo
are the fincft docks and yards for the
fitting out and furnifliing (hips of
war in the world, in the opinion of
the French.
In Thoulon, alfo, are fchools fcr
the marine guards, where they are
taught navigation, and a foundery
for cannon and mortars, with all
manner of utenfils for cannoneers
and bombardeers. They had in the
harbour of Thoulon, at one time,
fixtcen fitft-rates, eight fecond-rates,
twenty -four third -rates, and fn
fourth- rates, viz. when the Con-
federates laid fiege to Thoulon in
1707 } all which the Engli(h had
very probably taken, if the Ger-
mans had not detached 15,000 men
to Naples, which were intended to
conftitute part of the army to form
that fiege.
Thoulose, or Toulose, E.
Ion. I. 5. lat. 43. 40. a city of France,
cap. of the pr. of Languedoc, fit. cm
the river Garonne, 90 m. W, of the
Mediterranean, 60 N. of the Pyre-
nees, and 300 S. of Paris. It is
one of the largeft cities in the king-
dom, but neuher rich nor populous,
there not being more than 19,000
families in it. It is the fee of nn
archb. and an univerfity j a city of
great antiquity, the Romans men-
tioning it as one of the moft flou-
rifhing cities of the Gauls. It was
afterwards capital of a Roman pro-
vince j then of the kingdom of the
Vifigoths } and afterwards of the
kingdom of Aquitain j and here are
ilill the ruins of a Roman amphi«
theatre.
Thrace, a province of European
Turky, fit. on the N. fide of the
Propontis. Sc^ Romania.
TuuiN, E. Ion. 4. 15. lat. 50.
23. a town of the cu. ot Namur,
fir. on the river Sambre, near the
confines of Hainault, 9 m. S. W. of
Charlcroy, fub. to France.
Thule, of the ancients, fuppofed
to be the iHaactfi of Orcades.
Tar-
T I
T I
TuyRTNGiA, Lanc^gravate, one
of the divificns of .he circle of Upper
Saxony, in Germ.my, having the D.
ot Magdeburg on the N. and Fran-
conia on the S,
Thurso, VV. Ion. 3. 12. lat. 59.
a port town of Cathnefs in Scotland,
fit. on the Caledonian ocean, 15 m.
S, W. of Dungfbyhead.
Tinf.R, a great river of Italy,
which luns from N. to S. thvo' the
Pope's ter. pafling by I'erugia and
Ojvietto, and having viiitel Rome,
f.ilJs into the Tufcan fea at Oftia, 15
ni. below that city.
TiBiscus River. See T k i s s e .
TicKHiLL, W. ion, I. lat. 53.
a6. a market town of the Weft
RiJing of YorkHiire, dt. 33 m, S.
ol York.
TiDDEswAL, W. Ion. J. 40. lat.
53. 16. a market town ot Darby-
fliie, fit. 18 m. N. W. of Daiby.
TinoR, E. Ion. 1^5. Idi. i. one
of the Molucca or Clove i Hands, fit.
in the Indian ocean, in Afia, iv.o
m. E. of the illand of ('elebes.
TiERACHE, the moft eafterly di-
vifion of the prov. of Picardy, in
France,
Tigris, a river of Turky, in
Afia, which rifcs in the mountains
ot Armenia, and running South, di-
vides Diai beck or Mefopotamia, from
Curdeflan, the ancient Allytia, and
having paffed by Bagdat, joins the
Euphrates in Eyraca Arabic, the an-
cient Cluldxa ) the united Hream
falling into the gulf of Perfia, be-
low Badbra j fuppofed t9 be one of
the rivers which encompaH'ed Para-
dile.
TiLRURv, a fortrefs in the co,
of EHlx, fit. on the river Thames,
oppofiie to Gravefend, zo m. £. of
London.
Timor, an idand in the Indian
cc:an, in Afia, fit. between I2Z and
126 degrees of £. ion. and between
i and 10 degrees of S. lat. faid to
have gold mines, in polfeflion of the
Dutch, as are the reft of the in4iids
bjtv^een this and Java.
Tjna, E, loD, 18, la\ 44. 6*
a town of European Turkjr, on the
confines of Ualmatia, fit. ^l m. N.
E. of Scbcnico.
T 1 N K River, compofed of two
rivers, the one calleil North Tine,
whiLh riles on the holders of Scot-
land J and tl^e other South-Tine,
which riics on the confincb of Cum-
berland J the firft running S E. and
the ott^er N. E. unite ihiir waters ac
Hexham, ai.'d continuing to run E.
divide the counties of Durham and
Northumberland, palfing by Nevv-
caftle, and falling into the German
fea at Tinmooth.
TiNiAN, N. lat. 15. one of tiie
Lidrone or Marian ifiands, in the
Indian ocean, a little N. of the Spa-
nilh ifland of Guam, where the Spa-
niards have a fort, a id a irnall gat-
rifon. They have alfo great ht;ras
of cattle, and cultivated lar.ds on tl.e
ifland of Tiiiian, where Commodoie
Anion fupplied himfclf with what-
ever provifion he wanted in hif cruite
towards Manila in the Phiiippines.
TiNo, E. Ion. 26. lat. 37. i^.
an ifland of the Archipelago, fit. 60
m. W. of Samos.
Tin MOUTH, W. Ion. 1. lat. 5--,
a port town of Northumberland, lu.
on the German lea, at the rr.outh of
the river Tine, 7 or 8 m, E. of Nc.v •
caftle, near which the (hips take lu
their lading of coals, fair, &c.
Tipperary, a county of Ire-
land, in the pr. of Munfter, bounded
by King's coi.nry on the N. by thai
of '^^ueen's county and Kilkenny on
the E. by VVaterford on the S. and
by Galway, Clare, and Limeri<.k on
the W.
TlPRA, a country cf Afii, fit.
between India and China, ui whicli
we have little knowledge.
TiRi.FMONT, t. Ion. 4. 4c. lat.
50. 56. a town ot the Aul'.rian Ne-
therlands, in the pr. of Braba«r, fir,
iz m. S. £. oi Luuvain, and 21 N*
of Namur.
'iiROi., a county of Germany,
in the circle of Aaftria, is buun icd
by Suabia and Bavaria on the N. by
the bilhipiic of S.iltfljurg and Catin-
L 1 thu
T I
T
thia on tht E. by Trent ahd the
country of the Grilbns on the S. and
by Switzerland ©n the W, being a-
bout 1 20 m. long, and 60 broad 5 the
chief town Inf'pruck. It is generally
a mountainous barren country, but
has fome fruitful valleys, and fome
mines of filver, copper, and iron. It
is fiib. to the houfe of Auftria,
TiTui., E. Ion. 21. lat. 45. 23.
a town of Hungary, fit. on the river
Teifle, 30 nri. N. of Belgrade, and
50 m. S. of Segedin, fub, to the
houfe of Auftria.
Tiverton, W, Ion. 3.40. lat.
57. a borough town of Devon, fit.
on the river Ex, 13 m. N. of Exeter,
fends two members to parliament ; a
great cloathing town, unfortunately
burnt down lately.
TivioT, or CnivioT Moun-
tains, are high hills which lie on
the borders of England and Scotland ;
en which there have been many fliarp
encounters between the two nations.
The valley called Tiviotdale, pives
name to one of the counties of Scot-
land on the borders.
TivoLi, orTiBUR,E. Ion. 13.
35. lat. 42. a town of Italy, in the
Pope's ter. .nnd Campania of Rome,
fit. on the river Teverone, 20 m« E,
of Rome, on the fide of a hill co-
vered with olive-trees, fcr five or fjx
miles, and ndorned v/ith beautiful
villa's or palaces of the nobility, from
whence there is a delightful profpe<5t
of the Campania as far as Rome.
This was the retreat of many of the
moft eminent of the ancient Romans,
Id the hot feafon. The river Tive-
rone here forms a cafcade, falling
from a high rock, in a cave whereof
is faid to be the grotto of Leucothe.i,
the Tiburtine Sybil, from wiience
fhe delivered her oracles. The palace
of the family of Efle, Dukes of Mo-
dena, which ftands here, is much
admired for its architefture, fculp-
ture, paintinp«, gardens, and water-
works. 7'ivoli is now a little town,
hut the frc of a bifliop, and fub, to
the D. of Modem, proprietor of the
beautiful palace above nrienti«ned.
Tlascala, W. Ion. T02. lat.
19. 4S. a town of Mexico, cap, of
the pr. of Tlafcala, fit. 45 m. E. of
the city of Mexico, fub. to Spain.
Tobago, or Tabago, E. Ion,
$2. lat. 8. a fmall ifland in the bay
of Panama, in S. America, fir. about
1-8 m. S. of the city of Panama, and
fupplics that city with fruit and gar-
den-ftuffj fub. to Spain.
Tobago, one of the Caribbce
iflsnds. Sec Tabago.
ToBOLSKi, E. Ion. 63. lat. 57,
30. the capital of Siberia, or Afiatic
Kuflia, fit. at the confluence of the
rivers Tobol and Irtis, whofe united
fiream divides Europe from Afia, gco
m. E. of Mofco, and 1000 m. E. of
Peter/hurg. The city ftandr. upon a
hill, and is furrounded by a wall ar.d
other modern works. To this place,
OT near it, the Rulfians ufiiany bani/h
their ftate prifoners. Hither the
Princes Menzikoff", Dolgorucki, and
the Duke of Courland, were fent, as
well as the Sv.edifh prifcners taken
at the battle of Pultoway.
TocAT, E. Ion. 37. lat. 41, 30,
a city of Afiatic Tuiky, cap. of the
province of-Amafia, anciently part
of the kingdom of Fontus, fit. at the
foot of a very hi^h mountain, joo
m. S. of Sinope and the Black fea,
and 250 m. S. W. of Trcpifinci. It
is a populous place, inhr.bitcd by
Turks, Armenians, Greeks and Jev, «,
the country forty miles round it, in-
habited chiefly by Armenian Chii-
ftians, moft of them handy-rratts,
v.'orkirg in copper and other hard-
ware, which they ferrd as far as C<'n-
ftantinople and Egypt. Turky-iea-
ther is another of their manufactures.
This is one of the greateft thorpugh-
fares of the caravans from Turky to
Perfia and Arabia.
TocKAV, E. Ion. 21. lat. 48.
lo. a city of Hungary, fit. at the
confluence of the rivers Teifle nnd
Bodrurk, 70 m. N. E. of Ruda,
whofe vi^nes are efteemcd the beft in
Europe.
ToDi, E. Ion. 13. 15. lat, /\2.
45, a town of Italy, in the Pope's
tcr.
T O
T O
fer. and D. of Spoletto, fit. on the
river Tiber, 50 w. N, of Rome.
Toledo, W. Ion. 4. 12. lat. 39.
45. the caft city of New Caftilc, and
of all Spain, the feat of the ancient
Gethic and MooriHi Kings, fit. on a
ftecp rock, at the foot whereof runs
the river Tugus, cucoinpafTing it on
three fides, and the reft is defended
by an old wall and toweri?, formerly
reckoned a place of Arength, but
not at pre*" ,it, being comntjanded by
fevcral hilis, and in the late ^rs
was obliged to fubtnit to tiiat fide
which was mafter of the field. The
caihedral is the richelL and moft
magnificent in Spain, and the arch-
biJhop's revenue computed at three
hundred and fifty thoufand crowns
per annum, which the prcfent King
obliged the Pope to confer on one of
the infants, his fon, when he was
an infant in a literal fenfe. The
archbifliop is Primate of Spain, and
Great Chancellor of CaftiJe, and is
proprietor of feventecn towns, b^-
fides a great number of villages.
The lands fettled for the repair of
this cathedral, are of the value of
one hundred thoufand crowns per
innum.
ToLEN, E. Ion. 4. lat. 51. 30.
a town of the United Piovinces, in
the pr. of Zeland, cap. of the ifland
<jf Tolen, fit. 4 m. N.W. of Bergen-
op-zooro,
ToLENTiNO, E. Ion. 14. 45,
lat. 4"j. 15. a town of Italy, in the
Pope's ter. and mar. of Ancona, fit.
24 m. S. W. of Loretto, the fee of
abi(h.
ToLEsnuRG, E. Ion. 26. lat.
59. a port town of Livonia, fit. on
the gulph of Finland, 60 m. W. of
Narva ; fub, to Ruflia.
ToLHUYs, E. Ion. 6. lat. 52.
a town of the United Netherlands, in
the pr. of Gelderland, and ter. of
Bjtuwe, fit. on the Rhine, 9 ro, E.
of Nimeguen.
ToLMirza, E. Ion. 13. lat. 47.
« town of Italy, in the ter. of
Venice, and pr. of Friuli^ fit, a6 oj,
Ni £. of Bciluno*
ToLKA, £. Ion. 19. 40. lat. 46,
41. a town of Lower Hungary, fir,
on the river Danube, 60 m. S. of Bu<<
da, fub. to the houfe of Auftiia.
ToLosA, W. Ion. 2. lat. 43. 30,
a city of Spain, in the pr. of Bifcay,
and ter. of Guipufcoa, fit. 16 m. S«
W. of Fontarabia, and 53 m, £. of
Bilboa.
ToLu, W. Ion. 77. lat, 9. 30. a
port town of Terra Firma, in Ame-
rica, fit. on a bay of ths N. fea^
100 m. S. W. of L'arthagciia.
ToMAR, W. Ion. 8. 40, lat. 39.
25. a town of Portugal, in the pr.
of Ef^remadura, fit. 70 m. N. £. of
Lilbon.
Tomb EC, E. Ion. 4. 30, '^t. 50.
45. a town of the Aufirian Nether-
lands, fit. 8 TO. S. of Lou\al), and
10 m. £. of Brufiels, in the pr. of
Brabant.
ToMBUT, W. Ion. 11, lat. 14,,
a town of Nigrltia, in Africa, fit. on
the river Senegal, 400 m. E. of Cape
Verde j a town and country wc have
very little acquaintance with.
TOMEBAMBA, W. lon. 77. S,
lat. 4. a town of Peru, in South
An.erica, in the pr. of Q^itto, iro
m. S. of the city of Quuto, whrre
was a ti-mple of the Sun, the walla
whereof were covered \\ith gOid-
plate when the Spaniards firA arrived
there.
ToNDEREK, orTuwDER, a town
of Slefwick, or S. Jutland, fit, on a
bay of the Germaa lea, 20 m. S. of
Rypen.
TONGEREN, or ToNGRES, E.
lon. 5. 22. lat, 50. 54. a town of
the bifh. of Liege, in Germany, fit.
on the river Jecker, 10 m. N.W,
of Liege, and Tub. to that bifh.
ToNNiNGEN, £. lon. 8. .io. lat,
54. 40. a port town of Slefwick, or
South Jutlarid, fit. near the German
fca, at the mouth of the river Ey-
der, 34 m. W. of GoUorpj fub. to
Denmark.
ToNNEBRE, E. lon. 4. lat, 47,
45. a town «'f France, in the pr. of
Champnin, fit. on the confines of
Burgundy, "xo m. S. of Troyes,
Liz 1 o^ qjjiy,
T O
T O
T0WQ.UIN, a kingdom of the fur-
tlicr India, in Afia, bounded by the
ft, of Yunam, inChina, on the N.
by the pr. of Canton, and the bay of
Tonquin on the E. by Cochin China
on the S. and by the kingdom of
Laos on the W, lying between 10 1
and 108 degrees of E. Ion. and be-
tween 17 and 26 degrees of N. lat.
b^ing about 500 m, long, and 400
broad, in the broadeft part, but not
hi]{ fo much in feme places j the
capital city Keccio, or Cachao. It
is a pleafant healthful counrry, in
the dry feafcn, but their rains begin
in May, and continue till Novem-
ber, when the flnt countiy is over-
#:^wed ; and there are terrible ftorms,
called TiifFoons, abi ut the autumnal
^-qu'nox, when no ihips can live
in their feas near the coaft. Ton-
f|!jin produces' a great deal of filk,
and their chief mnnufailurcs are thole
of filk, gawfe, and japan'd orlacker'd
wares, whi«h arc equal aimoft to
thofe made in Japan. They have
very little fhipping 5 all their imports
fid expottF, almuft, are made in fo-
rtijin bottoms. Tiiey are eftecmed
fnuch fairer dealers than their nei^h-
fcours of China. There is a very
food fifhery en the cojft, which em-
pi'.;ys a great rr.jny hands j mjny of
ih^m live with their famil es en the
vater. The foil produces force any
other grain than rice, but they have
p'enty of t)ranges, limes, cocoa-nuts,
pi'ne- apples, plantains, mangoes, and
other tropical fruits, with a variety
of melon', pulfe, and garden-ftufi-';
they have ni-l many horfes, oxen,
or fheep, but no country has more
flephants, which are the ftrength of
their armies; and their great men
riie cut upon them, having galleries
or rooms built on their backs, which
will hold a family with all their
equipage. '"' \\ __'" ' .j,;.; ,,,. ,..^0
Tonquin 5s an atfoliite monarchy j
b'lt the perfon who has the title of
K. has no fhare in the government.
The prime miniflor is mafler of all
the treafurd and forces of the king-
dom, arid to Wm afl men .maW tlieir
court. The King has been fueccsdej
in title by one of his fons, and the
prime minifter has been fucceedi;d in
his office by one of his fons, for up.
wards of 100 years. The King is a
kind of prifoner of Aate in his own
palace, tho' at certain fea'"ons the
prime minifter fuffers him to receive
the mock homage of his fubje(f1s, and
he himfelf feems to pay him the pio-
foundeft reverence before the people,
and declares he takes upon him the
adminiftrationof the government only
to eafe his prince of the trouble of it j
and that he may enjoy his pleafues
undifturbed ; but at the fame time
the King has not one fervant or r fH-
cer of his own chufing ; thefe are all
put in by the minifter, and fufilr
none to approach him but the mmi-
fter's creatures. The ufurper alfo has
ufually an aimy of 60 or 70,000 men
on foot to fupport his ufurpation ; to
that it is in vain for the fubjtds to
attempt to refcue their fovereign out
of his hands.
Their religion is paganifm, and re-
fembles that of the Chinefe in their
devotion for Confucius ?r.d iheir an-
ceftors. They have a great variety
of images, of which the chief are
the horfe and the elephanr, and ns
often perform their devotions \n the
courts before their own hoitfes, a? in
their temples. They have abundsnce
of fupetftition, ccniulting their pre.
tended conjurers and fortune-tellers
on every occMfion,, and laying a great
A.reis upon lucky and unlucky days
and omens.
ToNSBURG, E. Ion. 10. 30. lat,
59. a port town of Norwjy, in the
pr. of Aggerhuys, fit. on tlie Sc:g-
gerack fea, 30 m. V/, of Fredeiick-
itat ; fub. to Denmark.
ToPSHAM, W. Ion. 3. 40. lat.
50, 37. a port town of Devon, (it,
on the river Ex, 4 m. S. of the city
of Exeter, and about as much N. of
the Englifh channel.
Tor BAY, a fine bay in theBritifh
channel,' on the coaft of Devon, a
little eaft of Dartmouth, formed by
the two capes called Burypoint and
^ Bob's«
T O
T O
Bob's-nofi?, Here the Prince of O-
range and tie Dutch landed on the
cth of November, 1688.
ToRBOLE, E. Ion. 10. 46. ht.
^5. 55. a town of Italy, in the B,
of Trent, fit. 14 m. S. W. of the
city of Trent.
Tor CELL A, E. ion. z. 50. lat.
42. a port town of Spain, in thepr.
of Catalonia, fit. on the Mt;diteira-
nean fea, at the mouth of the river
Tcr, 15 m. E. of Gironne.
ToacELLO, E.lon. 13. lat. 45,
37. a town and iflandof Italy, in the
Dogado of Venice, fit. 7 m. N. of
the city of Venice.
TORDESILLAS, W, lon. 5. I5.
lat. 41. 30. a town of Spain, in the
pr. o\ Leon, fit. on the river Douro,
40 m. N. E. of Salaman.a.
ToRGAw, E. lon. 13. 8, lat.
51. 31. a town of Germany, in the
cir. and dukedom of Saxony, fit. on
the river Elbe, 35 miles N. W. of
Drcfden.
Tor MES, a river of Spain, which
runs from the S. E. to the N. W,
crofs the pr. of Leon, pairing by Sa-
lamanca, and falling into tlie river
Douro, oppofite to Merinho in Por-
tugal.
Toi.NAw, E. lon. ao. 6. lat. 48.
32. a town of Upper Hungary, fit.
60 m. N. E. of Buda, fub. to the
houfe of Auftria.
ToRNE Lapmark, or Lap-
land, a province of Sweden, i<
bounded by Norwegian Lapland on
the N. and W, by Kimi -Lapmark
on the £. and by thq Bothnic gulph
and Lula-Lapmark on the S.
ToRNE CITY, E. lon. 22. 45.
lat, 65. 45. capital of the pr. of
Torne- Lapmark^ is fit. at the mouth
of the river Torne, at the bottom
of the Bothnic gulpb, upon a little
ifland made by the river, 400 m. N.
of Stockholm.
ToRNK RIVER rifes OH thc con-
finekof Norwegian Lapland, and runs
flora the N. W. to the S. E. thro'
tlic pr. of Torne, falling into the
^Utm of the BiAhok |ul|^h at the
town of Torne. It is a very large
rapid liver, and there are a great
many catarafls in it. There jtc
feveral copper and iron mines in the
province, with mills and. forges oa
the river, but the banks of the river
are chiefly inhabited bv fifhcrmen f(.r
a hundred miles to the noithwaid
of the town, who traffic with their
fouthern neighbours, exchanging ialt-
ed and dried fiiTi, furrs and fkins,
for cloathing and provifions ; for the
foil of Lapland produces fcarce any
com or vegetables j the people, in-
ftead of bread, grinding thc white
inward bark of the fir-tree, which
they mix into a paf^c, bake and eat
with the flcfh of their rain deer, or
fi(h dried upon the rocks : and even
thefe miferable people v.ere invaded
by the Ruflijns in the years 1719
and 1720, who deftroyed molt of
their iron and copper works.
ToRo, W. lon. 5. 36, lat. 41.
30. a city of Spain in the pr. of
Leon, fit. on the river Doure, 35 m,
W. of Valladolid.
Torres, W. lon. 4. 16, lar.
36. 45. a port town of Spain, in the
pr. of Granada, fit. on the Medi-
terranean fea, 45 miles S. W. of
Granada.
ToBREjo, W. Jon, 4. 6. lat,
40. 17. a town of Spain, in the pr.
of New Caflile, fit. 15 miles S. of
Madrid.
ToRRiGLiA, E. Ion. g. 55. lat.
44. 36. r. town of Italy, in the
ter. of Genoa, fit. 10 miles N. of
Genoa.
TORRINGTON, W. loH. 4. I3.
lat, 51. a market town of Devon,
fit. on the river Towbridge, 26 m,
N, W. of Exeter, from whence live
noble family of Byng take the t Uc
of Vifcount.
Tor SI L, E. lon. i6. lat. 59. 30*
a town of Sweden, m the pr. or Sun-
derland, fir. on the Mell.r-lake, 43
m. W. of Stockholm.
Tor TON A, E. lon. 9. 12. lat,
45. a city of Italy, in the D. of Mi-
iao^ cap. of the Toituocit;, fu. on
LI 3 the
r o'
T o
m
the South fide of the river Po, ft vex Mofelle, 72 m. W. of Nancy,
It). S. VV. of Milan, lubjedl to the lub. to France.
K. of Sardinia. ~
ToRTosA, E. Jon. 15 min. lat,
/( . ^5. a city of Spam, in the pr.
ot C:italofiia, lit. on the river Ebto,
90 rr, S. W, of Barcelona.
ToRTUGA.W, Ion. 73. lat. 20.
an iflind of the American ocean, fit.
near the North coaft of the iHand of
Hifpaniola, 80 m. N. of Petitguaves,
Here it v\as the French buccaneers
i.nd banditti firft fortified themfelves.
Toulon, SeeTHOUtoN.
TouLosE. SeeTHOuLosE,
TouRiNE, E. Ion. 5, 10. lat. 50,
40. a town of the biftiopric of Lit^e,
in Germany, fit, 13 m. N. E. uf
Namur, and 6 N. of Huy.
TouRNAY, E. ion. 3. 30. lat,
50. 37. a city of the Aullrian Ne.
therlands, in the pr, of Flanders, fir.
on the river ScheJd, 13 m. E. cf
Lifle, and 21m. W, cf Mons j a
and infefted the neighbouring feas, large elegant town, confifting ot 17
making prizes of all they met with, paiilhes, and has m it a good linnon
and being countenanced and fupport- manufa£lure. It was taken from ths
ed by the government of France, at French by Henry VIII, K. of En^-
kngth took ponTeifion of the N. W. land, anno 15 13, who built ti.e old
part of the ifland of HiCpaniola, citadel, but reftored it to the F:enc!i
where the French have now feveral
confiderable fettlements, and look
wpon themfelves as fovereigns of the
be{l part of that large ifland, Tor-
for a valuable confideration, anno
1518. It was taken from them by
the Spaniards anno T521, who pel-
fefled it until the year 1667, \shji»
tLiga is about 80 m, in circumference, it was furprized by the French,
and has in it a very fecure harbour The confederates, commanded by
of difficult accefs. It obtained the the Duke of Marlborough, invcf id
jname of Tortuga from the plenty of Tournay, June 27, 1709. On the
tortoifes found here. 7th of July, the trencht-s wiie
ToRTUGA, W. Ion. 64. lat. 11. opened, and on the 31ft the gairi-
30. an ifland in the American ocean fon retired into the citadel, whicli
near the coaft of Terra-Firma, fit. capitulated the laft of Auguft. The
40 m. W. of the ifland of Marga- town and citadel being ftrongly for-
retta, about 30 m, in circumference, tified, and the ground undermined
a barren ifland, and only valuable almoft all round, the allies were
lor the great quantities of fait made obliged to proceed with great can-
here, from whence it has obtained tion j and loft, however, a great
the name of Sah-Tortuga 5 it a- many thoufand men before it, aj
bounding in tortoifes, as the other well by blowing up the mines, as by
iliand of Tortuga dees. the defence the garrifon made. It is
TosA, E. Ion. 2. 36. lat. 41. the fee of abij.p, fuffragan to the
.35. a port town of Spain, in the pr. archbiihop of Cambray, and one of
«.f Catalonia, fit. 37 miles N. E. of the towns of the Dutch barrier, ta-
Jiarceiona. ken by the French after the battle
ToscANELLA, E. lon. 12. 45, of Fontcnoy, May 1745, but reftor'd
lat. 42. 15. a town of Italy, in the to the Auftrians by the peace of Aix-
Pope's ter. and D. of Caftro, fit. 35 la Chapelle 1748.
,w, N. of Rome. Toornon, E. ton. 4. 45. laf.
ToTNiss, W. Ion. 4. lat. 50. 44. 50. a town of France, in the
27. a borough town of Devonfliiie, pr. of Languedoc, and ter. of Viva-
fit. 23 m. S. W. of Exeter j fends rez, fit. on the fide of a mountain,
. two members to parliament. at the bottom whereof runs the
TouL, E. Ion. 5. 42. lat. 48. Rhone, 50 m. S. of Lyons.
45. a crty of Lorrain, fit, on the n- Tours, E. len. 45 mm. lat. 47-
T R:
T R
j;. a city of France, in the pr. of 120 m. Jong, and almofl as many
Or'-eano's, cap. of Tourain, fit. on broad,
the river Loyre, 60 m. S. W. of
Oi leans, and 104 S. W. of I'aris.
'J his town is built with a fine white
ft, ne, and laid out in fpacious ftrects,
It lies between 22 .ind 25
deg'ces of E. Ion. and between 45
and 48 degrees of N. Ijt. and as ic
is furrounded almcfl by woods and
mountains, is a very warm country,
ad( rned with public fountain?, and and has a very fruitful foil, produr-
has in it a royal palace, where the ing great plenty of corn, wine, hige
ftates of the kingdom allVmbled, in cattle, and rich pafture and meadow
the reign of feveral of their princes, grounds. In their mountains are
and is at prefent the fee of an arch- good mines of copper and iron, which
bifhop. they manufadure and expo*', and
Trachenberg, E. Ion. 16.55. have cloth fufficient for their own
lar. 51. 36. a town of the K. of Be- ufe. But this having been Jong a
hernia, in the D. of Silefia, fit. 25 frontier country againd Turky, the
ni. N, of Breflaw. prwduce of it is frequently dertroy-
Traerbach, E. Ion, 6. 40. ed, and the hu/bandman difcouraged
lat. 50. 5. a town of Germany, in from making the beft of his lands,
the pal. andcir. of the Lower Rhine, It is at prefent fub. to the hou e of
fit. on the river MofeOe, 20 miles Auftria.
N. E. of Triers, fub. to the Eledor Trapano, E. Ion, 12. 8. lat.'
Pdatinc. 38. a city and port town of Sicily,
Trafalgar cape,W. Ion. 6. fit. on the moft weft^^rn point of the
26. lat. 36. a point or promontory ifland, 36 m. S. W. of Palermo j
of Spain, in the pr. of Andalufia, a fecure harbour, and one of the laft
fir. at the entrance of the ftraits of places the n.o.Ti3ns took from the
Gibraltar, 30 m. S. of Cadiz. Carthaginians in this ifland.
Traina, E. Ion. 14. 30. lat, Trapezond, or Trebtsond,
38. 10. a town of Sicily, in the pr. E. Ion. 42, ao. lat 42. 26. a city
of Demona, fit. 70 m. S, W, of and port town of Afiatic Turky, irj
Mefiina. the pr, of Amafia, fit. on the Black
Tralos-montf.s, apr.ofPor- fea j a large town, and once a fine
tugal, bounded by Spain on the N. harbour, but can only receive fmall
and E. by the pr. of Beira on the S. velfels at prefent. The fuburb? are
and by Entreminho Douro on the inhabited by Greek and Armeni?,n
Weft. chriltians. The caftle is ftrongly
Tranchin, or Trenchtn, E. fituated upon a rock, but the forri-
lon. i3. 10. lat. 49, a town of Up- fications neglefted, ss in moft towns
per Hungary, fit. 50 miles N. Er of of Turky, This city was fubjcdt to
Ptelburg. I, J. . . .;. the Emperor of Conftantinople, and
Tranquebar. See Trin- in the yeir 1209, David Comine?,
cumbar. a Fienchman, ufurped the dominion'
Trani, E. Ion. 18. lat. 41. 15. of it, and h s fuccefTor John Co-
a city and port town of Italy, in the mines, afTumed the title of Empe.
K. of Naples and territory of Barri, ror, by which all his defcendants
fit. on the gulph of Venice, 20 m. were called, till the year 1460^
W. of Barri. ■ r . when Mahomet II. took the city,
Transilvania, is a principa- and put to death David Comines,
lity, bounded by the Carpathian the laft Emperor of that family, and
mountains, which divide it from E*o- the Turks have poflfefTed this city
land on the N, by Moldavia on the eve- fince.
E. by Walachia and part of Hun- Trave, a river of Germany, in
gary on the S. and by another part the cir. of Lower Saxony, and D, of
of flungary on the W, being about Hoiftcin, which ruiw from W* to E.
«ti
T H
T R
iy Lubeck, and falls into the B^Uk
at Travemund.
Travbmund, E. Ion. lo. 45.
lar, 54, 30. a port town of the D. if
Holiiein, fit. on the Baltic [ea, at
the mouth of the river Trave, 10
ID. N. £. of Lubeck.
Traw, E. Ion. 17. 30. lat. 43.
XO. a port town of Dalmatia, (it. on
the gulph of Venice, 15 m, E, of
Spaldtto, fub. to Venice.
Travgnera, W. Ion. 15 min.
lat. 40. 32. a town of Spain, in the
pr. of Valentia, near the confines of
Catalonia, fit. 34 m. S. of Toi tofa.
Trebigna, £. liin. 19. lat. 42.
40. a town of European Turky, lit.
in Dalmatia near the gulph of Ve-
nice, 60 m. S. E. of Spalaito.
Treturt, E. Ion. 10. lat. 51.
6. a town of Germany, in the cir-
cle of Upper Saxony, fit. on the con-
fines of Heflc, 22 m. W. of Saxe-
Gotha.
Tregony, W. Ion. 5. 2a. lat.
50. 20, a borough town of Cornwall,
lit. 40 m. S. W. of Launcellon j
fends two members to parliament.
Trxileboukc, E. Ion. 13. 30.
lat. 55, 30. a port town of Sweden,
in the pr. of Schonen, fit. on the
Baltic fea, 30 m. S. £. of Copen-
hagen.
Trent bishopric, a pr. of
Germany, in the circle of Auftria,
Ut. upon the Alps which divi^le I-
taly from Germany, and fometimes
reckoned part of Italy, being bound-
eJ by Tyrol on the N. by the terri-
tory of Venice on the £. and S.
and by the country of the Giifuns
O'l the W. being 70 miles long and
30 broad, fubjedl to the houfe of
Auftria.
Trent city, E. Ion. 11. ht.
46. '5* capital of the biHiopric of
Ticnt, f'.i. 70 m. S. tf Infpruck,
in a plcafant valley, on the banks of
the river Adi^e, but cncumpjli'fd
with high mountains, which makes
it exceflive hot in fummer, and cold
in the winter. It is a fmall city,
built of a kind of red and white mar.
blr, dug 9)it 9f tM 9ft9k 9a W^^
it ^anJs, and farroonded by a Hngl^
wall. The bi/hop is futtragan to
the Venetian patriarch of Aquiieia,
but a prince of the empire.
Hcie the council of Trent was
held, which continued, with feme
intermiflions, from the year 1545 to
the year 1563, where the doctrines
of the Pope's infallibility, tranfub-
flantion, &c. were confirmed.
Trent, one of the largeft rivers
of England, riles in the mojrl.indsDf
St.i(tbrd/hire, and runsS. t. by New-
c iftle under Line, dividing that coun-
ty in two equal parts almoH-, ar.d en-
tering D.iiby/hiic, turns about to tfia
N. E. palling by Burton, and after-
wards Nottingham and Newark, nnd
having run the whole length i;t Ni t-
tinghamfliire, continues its courfe al-
mod due N, by Gainlborough, on tlic
confines of Lincolnfliire, and havii^g
joined the river Oufe, and leveral
other rivtrrs, changes its name for
that of Humber, falling into the
German fea below Hull.
Treptow, E. Ion. 15. 32. lat,
54. a town of Germanvj in the cir.
of Upper Saxony and D. ot Pomcra-
nia, fit. near the coaft of thr niitic
fta, 43 m. N. E. of Stetin, lub. to
the King of Prullia.
Trisen, or Tkosa, E./on. 17,
lat. 59. a port town of Sweden, ia
the province of Sunderland, lit. on
the Baltic fea, 3a miles S. of Stock-
holm.
Trf.vi, E. Ion. 13. 35. lat, 43,
a town of Italy, in the l\)pt's icr.
and pr. of Umbria, fit. 23 ni. S. £.
of Perugia.
Trevigio, or Treviso, E.
loa. 12. 40. lat. 45. 4c. a city of
Italy, in the ter. of Vcuxe, c.ij^. of
the pr. of Trcvigiano, fit. 15 miles
N. W. of Venice. The ice ol a
bishop.
Trivoux, £. Ion. 4. 45. lit.
46. a town of France, in the pr. of
Burgundy and ter. of F-ouiglnn-
Breife, fit, on the river Saonc, 23
ni. S. W. of Bourg>
Trbztio, £. Ion. 10. lat. 45.
jt^. » WWJI of ly^^|, Ut the D. <>f
MiiaB;
T R
Milnn, fit. on the river AdJa, 15
m. N. E. of M;Ian.
Trianon, a palace of theFrench
King's, in the gardens of Verl'iilles.
Ttiers, or Treves, E. Ion. 6.
10, lat. /)9. 55. a city ot Germany,
in the cir. of the Lower Rhine, cap,
of the Eltrtorate of Trieis, fit. on
the river Mofclle, 6: m. S. cf Co-
logn, and as many W. cf Mentz.
The city is neitlier large cr pr^pu-
Ions, and having been the feat (f
war cf late years, the trade of the
place is not in a flourifhing condi-
tion. It is one of the moft ancient
cites in Germany, feveral of tlic Ro-
nian Emperors having refiJed here.
It is not of any great ftrength, as
appears by their fubmitting to any
pducr that is mafter of the ficJd,
without waiting to be bi.fie;^ed.
'I KiERS Eleftorate, is a province
of Ci'ermany, in the cir. of the Lower
Kline, bounded by the Eiefborate of
Cologn and the D. of Juliets on the
N. bv Mvntz and "Wetcravia on the
E. by Lorrain and the Palatinate on
the S. and by the Netherlands on
the W. being 80 m. long, and froai
20 to 5c broad. Great part of the
country is mountainous and barren,
hut near the rivers Rhin** and Mo
felle the country is very p!eafant and
fruitful,' abounding in corn and wine,
and crouded with people. The arch-
bifhcp, their fovercign, has no r-ther
futr'ragans than the bi/hops of Metz,
Tou!, and Verdun, whch are un-
der the dominion of the French,
fie is, however, the fccond Eltdor
of the empire,
TuiESTK, E. Ion. 14. lat. 46.
5. a port town of Iftrja, fir. on the
fulph of Venice, 60 m. N. E. of
the city of Venice, fubjcft to tlie
hcui'e of Auftria. The late Emperor
Charles VI. was at a great cxpence
to enlarge the port, and make it a
fl.ition f(.r his men of war j prtpo-
fuip alfo to carry on a trade from
h»"-ce with the countries lying on the
Mediterranean ; which the Venctl-
am were greatly alarmed at j but on
hiS luliog Naples aad Sicily, this
T R
.If, /i
projctit was dropt. Trieile is feme-
times reckoned to belong to Germa-
ny, lying on the ccnnr.es of Car- f
Hiola, in the circle of Auftria. *
Tr ing, W. Ion, 40 min. lat. 51,
45. a market town of Hcrtfordfhiie,
fit. 24 m. W, of Hertford.
Trinidad, or T r i n i t ir
T s r. A N D, is fit, in the Atlantic or
American ocean, between 60 and 64
deg. cf W. Ion, and between 9 aii4
H of N. lat. feparated from the pr,
of New Andalufia in Terra Firma,
by a narrow ftrait, called Boca de ]
Drago, about three milts over, ly-
ing 80 m. N. W. of the river Oro-
nocc, end is about 90 miles long and
60 brc ad j an unhealrhful air, but
fruitful foil, producing fugir, cot-
ton, Indian corn, and fruits, and
the bcfl tcbiicco. It was taken bjr
Sir Walter Raleigh, anno I59^> but
quitted again, and the Fienth took
it in the year 1676 j and, btfides
their plunder, extorted £o,oco pieces
of eight from the Spanijrds, to five
their houfes j hut the French alfo.,
quitted the ifland, and the Spa-
niards remain fovereigns of it at thiy
time. *'■ ' fz " . :'^. \.M, 1
Tr iKAnAD, W, Inn. 94. tat. 13,-^
a port town of Mexico in America,
fit. in the pr. of Guatimala, 120 m,
S. E. of the city of Guatimala, fub»
to Spain,
Trincumbar, cr Tranque-
BAR, a port to'.vn on the cc fl of
Cormande! in the Eafl- Indies, in
12 degrees odd minutes N. latitude,
about 80 TV. S. of Foit St. Gcoigc,
fubjedt to Denmark.
Trino, E. Ion. 8. 6. lat. 45,
a town of It.ily, in the D. of Mor;t-
ferrat, fit. en ti.e N. fide of the Pn,
3^ m. N. E. of Turin, fub, to th*
King of Sirdinia.
Tr iNQ,uiMALF, E. Ion. 80. ht»
g. a port town of the ifljnd of Cey-,,
Ion, in the E, Indie? in Afta, fit. 00 ^
the N. E. part of the ifland, 100 m.
N. E. of Candy.
Tripoli Kini;Him, inrludina' ,
Barca, i? bounded by tl '* M'diter-'.
rantfan fca on thcNi by I^yrt oS tlie
T R
T R
£. by Nubia and Bi'dulgerid on the S.
and by the K. of Tunis on the W.
extend'ng along the fhore of the Me.
diterranean from the N, W. to the
S. E. in length about jooo m. but
Js fcarce 200 m. broad in any place.
The country near the city c-f Tri-
poli being tolerably fruitful j but all
the reft to the eaftward, as far as
Egypt, is a Tandy defart, and ufually
called the defart of Barca.
Tripoli city, E. Ion. 14. 30.
lat. 3?. 30. cap. of the kingdum of
Tripoli, fit. on the McditerrancaH
fea, 300 miles S. E. of Tunis, fur-
rounded by a wall and for'dficati-
lOns ; but its greateft ftrength is in
ils inhabitants, who are a p.ircel of
defperate f-llows, banditti that have
fled fVom Turlcy, pir.ites and rene*
gadoes, who live chiefly by the plyn-
acr of honeft merchantmen that na-
vigate the neighbouriug feas ; though
the produce of their country would
furnifli them abundantly with rpa'e-
rials to traffic with, if they Ippl'ed
themfelves to hufbaiidry and manU'
fa^ures ; for it produces corn, wine,
filk and wool, where it is cultivated j
and they breed a great many camels
and fine horfes j and the Europeans
do trade with them for corni oil,
wool, foap, dates, pftrich fe.ithers,
•nd (kins j but they rpalte more by
the (lives they take at Tea than by
•ny of the other articles, fetting Ivgh
ranfoms upon them, or forcing them
to fcrve at fea or land, in all manner
of druJperifS.
The Dcy or fovcreign of Tripoli,
is not fo abfolute as the Deys of
Algiers and Tunis are j for a-Tur-
kiih BafTa refides here, who receives
his authority from the CJrand Sig-
nior, and has a power of controuling
the Dey, and levying a tribute on his
fubje(fls, Tlie Dey is clcftcd, how-
ever, by the foldiery of the plact,
and not appointed or depofed by the
Gr^nd' Signior, and the foldieis take
the liberty of removing their fove-
reign, and elcding another, whe.i
they fee fir.
Taipoli, E. Ion. 36. 15. Ut.
34. 30. a port town of Syria, fit. en
the Levant fea, 100 m. S. of Scsn-
derocn ; the chief town tf that part
of Syria, anciently called Phoenicia,
the people whereof excelled fo mu.h
in navigation and other arts in the
carlieft age?, and fettled colonies in
the remoteft parts of Europe and
Africa. It is now the chief town of
this divifion of Syria, and the ''ea*. cf
the Turki/h Betlerbeg or Vceroy,
nnJ ftanc!s nrar the foot cf f.!; unt
Libanus, from whence thtrj fj'ls a
rivulet, which waters their fields
and g-irden", that are well rcple-
niflied wifh mulberry trees, as well
as other fruits, and they have a
confiderable ilik mauufudure in the
town.
TRKiciKR, or Tre(i.uer, W.
Ion. 3. 16. lat. 48. 50. a port town
of France, in the pr. of Brittany, ut,
on the Englifh channel, 50 m. W.
of St. Ma!o.
Trivi;nto, E, Ion. 15. 3'-. l.t,
41 50. a town of Italy, in thi K.,
of Naples, and pr, 0/ Muliie, fit.
55 m. N. E. of Naples, The fee of
a bifjiop.
Troja, E. Ion. 16.5. lat. 4r.
17. n town of Italy, in the K. of
Naples, and pr. of the Capitinate, fit.
55 m. N. E. of Naples. The ice of
a bifhop.
Trois RrviERES,W. Ion. 7;.
lat. 461 45, a town of N. America,
in the pr. of Canada, fit. on thi; li-
ver of St. Lauicnce, 50 m. S, of
Quebec, fub. to France.
Troki, E. Ion. 25. lat. 5;. a
town of Poland, in the D. of Li-
thuania, cap. of the PjI, cf Tr ki,
fit. on a lake, 13 m. W. of VMna.
Trov. SceTRUEN.
Tropea, E. Ion. iC. 6. lat. ;()•
5. a town of Italy, in the K. of
Naplcr, and Further Calabrio, fit. on
the Tufcan fea, 40 m. N. of Kcj^-
gio. The fee of a birtiop.
Tropes (St.) E. Ion. C. 30. br,
43. 15. a port town of France, in
the pr. of Provence, fiiuatc on the
Mediterranean, thirty miles taft of
Toulon,
Trop-
t R
T ly
fi
TiiOf?AW, E. Ion. 17. 10. lat,
^0. a city of the K. of Bohemia and
D. of Silefia, fic. 70 m. S. of Bre^
ftaw.
Trowbridge, W. Ion. 2. 20,
IJl^. 51. 24. a market town of VVilt-
ftiire, fit. 18 m. N. W. of Saliibury,
from wljence the noble family of the
Seymours take the title of Baron.
Troves, £. Ion. 4. 5. lat. 48.
15. a city of France, in the pr. of
Champain, fit. on the river Seyne,
70 m. S. E. cf Paris J a large forti-
fied town, and has in it a linen manu-
fa£^ure, computed to contain 15,000
people.
Trov RvriNS, E. Ion. 26. 30.
lat. 39. 30. fir. near the Archipe-
l.igo or Egean fea, 20 miles S. of the
Hellefpont, or Dardanells, and 100
rn. N. of Smyrna, oppofite to the
if!c of Tcncdos, rendered memora-
ble by Homer and Virgil for a ten
yrars fiege it is faid to have fuftain-
rcl, aiid the magnificent ruins fiiil
remaining, (brw that once a great
city ftoori in this place.
TuuEN, orTRON (St.)E. Ion.
;,. " Jat. 50. 53. a town of Gcr-
r^v •;> the bifh. ef Liege, fir, on
th a if. rs of Brabant, 20 miles S.
£. ... wouvnin.
Trugili.o, W, Ion. fin. 30.
lat. 7. 16. a town of S. America, in
thi; pr. of Terra -Firma and tcr. of
Venezuela, fit. 120 m. S. of the lake
of Mjraraybo, fub. to Spain.
Truro, W. Ion. 5. 30. lat. 50.
2D. a borough town of C irnwali, lit.
32 m. N. E. of the Land's end ;
fends two members to parliament,
and gives the title of Raron to the
noble family of Roberts.
Truxilt. o/W. Ion. 6. lat. 39.
12. a town of ii'pain, in the pr. of
Eftremadura, fit. 100 m. S. W. of
Toledo,
Truxiilo, W. 1( n. 69, lat. 9.
15. a town of S. America, in the
pr. of Tcrra-Firni.i, aid ter. of Ve-
nezuela, fit. at the S. end of the
lake of Maiacaybo, 120 m. S. of the
city of Maracaybo, fub. to Sp;.in.
T»uxiLLo, W. lonj, S8. 30.
lat. 1 5. 30. a port town of Mexico,
in America, in the pr. of HunJu.
ras, fit. on the gulph of Honduras,
300 m, N. E. of Amapalla.
TuAM, a city of Ireland, in the
province of Munftcr, and county of
Cork, the feat of the archbifliop of
Tuam.
Tubingen, E. Ion. 8, 55. laf.
48. 26. a city of Germany, in the
cir. of Suabi 1, fit. on the river Nec-
kar, in the D. of Wirtfmburg, and
fubjedl to the D. of Wirtemburg.
TucuMAN, theS.VV. divifion of
the pr. of La Plata, or I'aragua, in
5. America, fub. to Spain.
TucuYO, \V. Ion. 6S. 30. lat.
7. a town of Terra Firma, in the
pr. of Venezuela, in S, America,
fit. 200 m. S, of Maracaybo, fub-
je£l to Spain.
TuDELA, W. Ion. 1. 45. lat.42,
6. a town of Spain, in the pr. of Na-
varre, fit. on tlie river Ebro, 55 m.
S. of Pdmpeluna,
Tui.LE, E. Ion. I. 31. lat, 45,
23. a town of France, in the pr. of
Guienne and ter, of Limofin, fit, 30
m. S. of L mogcs.
TuLN, E. Ion. 16. lat. 48. 26.
a town of Germany, in ihe cir, of
Aultria, fit, on the S. fi le rf the
Danube, 15 m. W. of Vienna.
TuNBRiDGE, E. Ion. i6 min.
lat. 51. 14. a town of fcicut, fit. 33
m. W. of Canteibury, much r?fort-
ed to on account of its excellent mi-
neral waters.
TuNfA, VV. Ion. 72. lat. 4. 45,
-a town of Terra Firma, in S. Ame-
rica, in the pr. of New Granada, fit,
30 m. S. W. of Truxil!o.
Tunis, E. lo-i. to. lat. 36, 20.
cap, of the K. of Tun'?, on the Har-
biry Cfa!>, in Africa, is fituate in «
fine p); in, near a fpwious lake, '^o
m. S. of Carth.-^ge rums, 300 m. C,
of Algiers, unJ no n\, S. W. i;f
Trapano in S cily ; a populous city,
about three miles in circumterenre.
Tunis K.ini;dom, is fituate oft
the coaf^ of Barb.uy, in Africa, be-
ing bouiided by the Mcditerraitean
f«a on the N, by tUe Utr,t fra and
Tripoli
T U
T U
Tripoli on the E, by Mount Atlas
on the S. and by the river Guadal-
barbar, which Separates it from the
K, of Algiers, on the W. extend-
ing 200 m. in length from E. to W.
aiang the (hore of the Mediterra-
nean : the breadth very unequal.
The Dey of Tunis is an abfjlute
Prince, clcdled by the TurkiHi fol-
dters, and as liable to be depofed
and murdered by them as the Dey of
Algiers : they feldom reign long j
want of fiiccefs, or a fuppofe^^ mif-
management in the adminiftration,
is looked upon as a fufficient reafon
to remove them, and there can ne-
ver want traitors among that aban-
doned race of men, compofed of
robbers and the rcfufe of Turky, to
confpire the deftruflion of the reign-
ing I'rince, and ufurp his throne j
for the foldiers who are vefted with
this power of eleftion, are either
ciiminals who have been obliged to
fly from Turky, renegadoes or pi-
rates, who rcfort hither in hopes
of fpoil } and who, notwithftanding
their bale original, look upon them-
felves as noblemen, ufing the Moors
and other inhabitants of Africa little
better than flavcs : they feldom ap-
ply themfelves either to huil)anciry
or traffic, looking on piracy and rob-
bery as noble em^lDjments, or at
Jeaft aiv eafier way of making their
fortunes 5 however, the Europeans
have fomc trade with Tunis, im-
porting from thence corn, oil, wo )1,
fruit, foap, dates, Ikins, and oftrith
feathers. The Jews are generally
the brokers, who are very nume-
rous here, as they arc in moil towns
on ihccoaft of Bjrbary.
TuRcoMANiA, the ancient Ar-
menia, is now a province of Afiatic
Tuiky, bounded t«y I'erfia on the E.
by Diarbcck and C irdcftan (that is,
the ancient Mcfopotamia and AlTyria)
on the S. and by Natolia on the W.
and N. The capital city Erzeium.
TutENNE, E. Ion. I. 20. iat.
45, 7. a town of France, in the pr,
of Guienne nnd ter. of Limofin, lit.
40 mi Si of Lirroges.
Turin, E. Ion. 7. 16. Iat. 44,
50. a city of Italy, capital of Picj-
mont, and of the King of Sardinia's
dominions, fit. at the confluence of
the rivers Po and Doria, 100 m.
S. W. of Milan, 150S. £. of Ly-
ons, and 100 m. N. W. of Genoa.
The town is of a fquare flgure, three
miles in circumference, ^nd much
admired for its fpacious fquares and
ftrcets, lofty and magnificent build-
ings, and a beautiful royal paiace j
and the fortifications about it are as
fine as the nature of the ground will
admit. This city endured a moll
furious fiege of ten weeks, in the
year 1706, when it was very feafcn-
ably relieved by the aimy of the
allies, commanded by the late Duke
cf Savoy and Prince Eugene, who
attacked the enemy before Turin,
and gained a compleat victory. Tlie
Duke of 'Orleans, and Marfhal Mar-
fin, who conimanded the French,
were both wounded, the Maiihal
mortally, and the allies took 150
pieces of cannon, 50 mortars, and
7000 prifoners, with all the enemy's
ammunition and baggage, and the
Duke of Savoy entered his capital
the fame evening (3 Juric) which
he found almoft in ruins.
Turky is a very extenfive em-
pire, comprehending fome of the
richcft countries in Europe, A;ia
and Africa. In Europe they are
pofTeflcd of Romania, Bulgaria, Scr-
via, Bofnia, Ragufa, Walkchia,
Moldavia, Beflar^bia, Budziac and
Oczakow Tartary, Grim and Lit-
tle Tartary, with Albania, Epirus,
Macedonia, TheHaly, and all the
ancient Greece, with its numerous
illands in the Archipelago.
In Afia they polTtfs Chaldca, w^
Eyiaca Arabic j Mcfopotamia, now
Diarbeck j part of AfTyiia, now Cur-
diftan J Armenia, now Turcomania ;
part of (jcor;;ia, Mingrclia and Cir-
caflia J part of Arabia, Syria, l'a!c«
ftine, Naiolla, or Afia Ntinor.
In Africa they poUcfs Egypt.
Thus happily fituated in the cen-
ter of our continent, and the moil
frUit-
T U
T U
fru'itful countries, they could not
fail of acquiring tiie trade as well as
the empire of the whole world, if
thcfe glorious advantages were not
The Grand Seignor, or Emperor
of the Turks, is abfolute, and his
throne hereditary, at leafl it is con-
Hoed to one family ; for tho^ thie
lu<^ by the indolence and inadivity Janizaries, who are his guards, fre-
cf the Turks, and the deftru£live queutly depofe their fovereigns when
maxims they are governed by. They he happens to be unfuccefsful, or his
feldom fiil to diftant countries, or
vifit nations of a different faith, but
the merchandize of the reft of the
world is carried to them in foreign
bottoms, and in the fame manner
the produce and manufadlures of
Turky are exported. They reap
adminiftration does not pleafe them,
they ufually advance his neareft re-
lation to the throne. And though
the Grand Signior exercifes an unli-
mited authority over the inhabi-
tants of the feraglio, and his bafTa's
and officers, as well as over hisChrif.
little advat;tage by their commerce tian fubje£ls, yet the Tutkifh gen-
with Chriftendom, but what they tlemen who have no places or de-
gel by the duties of iropt-rt and ex- pendance on the court, enjoy their
port ; and their home-trade is car- liberties and properties as much as if
r x'd on chiefly by their Chriilian or they lived under a limited monarchy,
Jewilh fubjeds. The Turks are if not more j for they pay no taxes to
above applying themfelves to any the government j and fhould the
thing of this kind ; traiBc and me* Grand Signior attempt to tax them,
chanical employments are left to be or change their cuftoms, he would
managed by the defpifed Chriftians, run the hazard of being depofed.
vho contribute much more, by their
labour and ini!uftry, to the fupport
cf that empire, than the Turks
themfelves, which may be one rea-
fon that their government indulges
them in the free exercife of thuir re-
ligion. And indeed there feems to
be more Chriftians in the Turkifli
His bafiVs, governors, and offi-
cers of ftate, and even the Janizariea
and other inhabitants of the feraglio,
are all the children of Chriftian pa-
rents, taken in war, or purchaled;.
and who have probably been bap,
tized, tho' educated by the Turks
in the Mahometan religion ; fo that
empire than Mahometans, cfpeci- in reality, the Turkifh empire is go-
ally in their European territories, verned (under the Grand Signior)
who have this happinefs alfo, that by the children of Chriftians.
they are never preifed or forced into The Turks have always very nu-
their armies, but left to follow their merous armies on footj but their
feveral occupations, while the Tur- chief dependance is on their Jani-
kifh gentlemen take the honour of zaries, who have been bred in the
defending their country, ajid making feraglio, and excrcifcd in military
foreign conquefls, entirely on them- difcipline from their infancy^ of
"arc 25,000 in aftual
may be in the empire
felves.
The goods imported from Turky,
carpi-ts, goats hair.
are raw filks.
mohair - yarn, goats -wool, cotton-
wool, and yarn, dimities, burdetts,
chagrin /kins, cordovants, blue, red
and yellow, coflee, rhubaib, tur-
pentine, opium, gum (iencga, terra
Ipmn'a, china root, and abundance
of other drugs wine, oil, figi, rai
whom there
pay. There
100,000 that bear the name of Ja-
nizaries, but thefo are not enrolledi
with the others ; the Serdar in every
province, who has the command of
thr Janizaries in it, frequently abuft*
his ofHce, and will take any man
into that body, who dedres to pur-
chafe the privilege cf ommitting
fins, dater, almonds, piAachio nuts, outrages with impunity, and fkreen
allmn, vitriol, box-vsood, becs-wax, himielf fromjuHicej for a Janizary
fjlhon, &c, is accountable to none but hi? own
JM m ofiiceiii
T U
T U
officers, whatever violence he com-
mits.
The Spahi's, or beftTurkifli horfe-
fnen, are bred up in martial exer-
cifes, as the Janizaries are, and are
a very formidable body j befides
which there are great bodies of
forces in every province, which con-
Aitute their numerous armies. But
their multitudes are frequently the
occaHon of their defeat, charging in
too much confuiion ; tho* the BaHa
Bonneval, 'tis faid, has prevailed
on fome of their troops to fubmit to
French difcipline, of which they
made great advantage in their la ft
German war, recovering a great ex-
rent of country which they had loft
South of the Danube.
Their naval forces are not (o con-
fiderable as might be expeifled in
fuch extenfive dominions, Htuate on
leveral Teas, and abounding in com-
modious harbours j but their ne-
glecting navigation and foreign com-
merce, is the true reafon they can
never And failors to man a great
fleet, if they /hould build one.
The Grand Signior's revenues arife
by cuftoms and other duties on mcr-
chandize } by a capitation tax on the
Chriftians in his dominions j by the
fums paid by the tributary Princes,
and the prefents made by all his of.
licers and minifters on their advance,
ment, and in their adminiftration.
But nothing brings in more than the
confifction of the eftates of all his
baflVs, governors, oflicers, and great
men, when they die or di<"plcare
him ; when they have plundered
provinces, and amaifed vaft heaps of
treafure, the Grand Signior is heir
to it all, and only allows the family
« moderate maintenance out of it, if
their anceftor has deferved never fo
well } the fons or relations are very
feldom advanced, or continued in
any port under the government,
TuRNHOUT, E. Ion. 4. 50. lat,
51. 14. a town of the ^uftrian Ne-
therlands, in the pr. of Brabant, fit.
24 m. N. E. of Antwerp.
TvHsis, £* ion. 17,6. lat. 40.
15. a town of Italy, in the K. of
Naples and province of the Bafili-
cate, fituate 10 m. N. W. of the
gulph of Taranto, and 55 S, W. of
Barri.
Tuscany, Duchy, Is fituate in
Italy, encompafled by the Pope's ter-
ritories on the N. E. and S. and
bounded by the Tufcan fea on the S.
W. and by the territories of Lucca
and Modena on the N. W. being
100 m, long, and almoft as many
broad. The moft barren part of the
Appenines almoft furround this coun-
try, or rather are a part of it, where
the air is exceeding cold, and there
are very few towns or inhabitants j
but then they have fevcral very rich
extenfive valleys, where the air is
more agreeable, and the fruits of the
earth ripen fooner, and come to a
greater perfection than they do on
the North fide of the Appenines.
There is a valley particularly tiiat
runs quite crofs the country, viz,
from Arezzo to the Tufcan fea,
which abounds in corn, wine, oil,
oranges, citrons, figs, and other ex-
cellent fruits ; and no country is
better planted with mulberry- tree?,
that yield food for their filk worms,
and enable the natives to make the
richeft filks.
The Great Duke of Tufcany is an
abfolute Prince, and his revenues
computed to amount to 500,000 1.
per annum, arifing by the tenths of
the yearly value of every houfe j the
tenth of all eftates that arc fold ; the
ground rents of the houles in Ljg.
horn, and other cities ; 8 per cent,
out of the portions of all women
when they marry ; five /hillings
a-head on cattle when they are fold ^
and almoft a general excife on all
provifions.
As to his forces, he has only his
guards and fome armed galleys at fea,
befides the oidinary militia; and in
cafe of a war, he ufually hires mer-
cenaries, and chiefly Swifs.
There are fome places in Tufcany
under the dominion of other love-
reigns, as the city of Lucca and the
tern*
T Y
territories about it, the State del
Prefidii, or the Garrifons, on the fea
coaft, which is poflelTed by the Spa-
niards } the principality of Piombino,
the domain of the houfe of Cibo, and
the Mar. de Fos de Nuovo. Tufcany
was allotted to the D. of Lorrain, the
prefent Emperor, when he was obli-
ged to refign Lorrain to France.
TuTBURv, W, ion, I. 38, lat.
52. 50. a market town in Stafford-
fliire, fit. 18 m. E. of Staftbrd.
TUTICORIN, or TUTUCURIN,
E. Ion. 77. lat, 8. 30, a Dutch fac-
tory, in the Hither India, and pr. of
Madura, fit. on the fea coaft, 60 m.
N. E. of Cape Comorin, 150 m,
N. W. of Candy in Ceylor
TuxpoRn, W. 1« % f, n. lat,
53. 16. a market . n in ting-
hamfliire, fit. 20 m. N. £. of Not-
tingham. . .1?
Tuv, W. Ion, 9. lat. 44. 10. a
town of Spain, in the pr. of Galicia,
fit. on the river Minho, on the con-
fines of Portugal, 14 m. E. of Vig«>
and 55 m. S. of Compoflella.
Tv E I D, a river of Scotland,
which rifes on the confines of the
fhire of Clydcfdale, and runs eaft-
waid through Tweedale, and after-
wards divides the (hire of Mers from
Tiviotdale and Northumberland in
England, and falls into the German
fea at Berwick.
TwiEDALi, a county of Scot-
land, hounded by Lothian on the N.
by Mers and Tiviotdale on the E. by
Annandale on the S. and by Clydef-
dale on the W,
TwEER, E. Ion. 30. 37. lat, 57.
25. a city of RufliJ, cap. of the pr,
of Tweer, fit. on the river Woiga,
90 m. N. of Mofco.
Tyre, E. Ion. 36. lat, 32. 32,
a port town of Phenicia, in Afiatic
Turky, fit. on the coaft of the Le-
vant, 60 m. S. W. of Damafcus,
anciently the capital of Phenicia, and
enjoyed the mcft cxtenfive ttaffic of
any town in the world.
TvRMAw, E. ion. 18. ht. 48.
46. a town of Upper Hungary, fit.
V A
35 m. N. E. of Freiburg, fub, td the
huufe of Auftria.
Tyrol. See TiROt,
Ty R one, an Irifh county, in the
pr. of Ulfter, bounded by London-
derry on the N. by Armagh and
Lough-neagh on the E. by Monaghan
and Fermanagh on the S. and by
Donnagal on the W.
Tysted, E. Ion. 8. 15. lat. 57.
a town of Denmark, in the pr. fif
N. Jutland, and ter. of Alburg, fit,
on the gulph of Limford, 50 m. W.
of Alburg.
VABRES, E. ion. a. 30. lat.
4. 50. a town of France, in
the pr, of Guienne, and ter. of Ro-
vergne, fit. 55 m. N.E. of Touloufe*
The fee of a bi/h.
Vac»a, E. ion. 10. lat. 50, 55,
a town of Germany, in the landgr,
of Heflc Cafl'el, fit. on the confines
of Franconia, 40 m. S. E. of Hefle
CalTc.' city, fub. to the Landgrave.
V/.rtA, E. Ion, II. 20. lat, 43»
17. .ipott town of Italy, in the D.
of Tufcany, fit. on the Tufcan fea,
10 m. S. of Leghorn.
Vado, E. Ion. 9. 8. lat, 44. i6,
a port town of Genoa, in Italy, fit*
3 m, W, of Savona, and 36 m, S.W.
of Genoa city,
Vaena, W. Ion. 4. 6. lat. 37.
30. a town of Spain, in the pr, of
Andalufia, fit. 25 m. S. E. of Cor«
doua.
Vaihincen, E. Ion. 8. 45, lat,
48. 50. a town of Germany, in the
cir, of Suabia, and D. of Wirtem-
bur^ fit. on the river Neckar, 26
m. S. W. of Hailbron.
Vaison, E. ion. 5. lat. 44. t8.
a town of France, in the pr. of Pro-
vence, and ter. of Avignon, fit. 29
m. N.E. of Avignon, and fub. to
the Pope,
M m 2 Vaj.,
V A
Vai., a village 3 miles Weft of
Maeftricht, where a battle \v.13 fought
the 2d of July, 17-14, between the
allied armies, commanded by the D.
cf Cumberland, and the French, un-
der the command of Marffial Sax,
wherein tiie allies being out- num-
bered, were at length obliged to re-
treat to M^.flricht, which thcv did
in good HJer j and it is ccmj^uted
that the French loft more men than
the allies.
ValaiS;, a territory of Switzer-
land, being a long valley of loc m.
extent, lying between the head of
the river Rhone, and the lake of
Geneva j the Rhone rui.nJng the
vhole length of the valley, encom-
pafled on evciy fide with v^ity iigh
mountains, in which are :ibcut 54
parifhes, that firm a repub ic, diU
are all Romrn Catholics, and allies
cf the Svvifs Cantons. Their moun-
tains afford them good paflurage for
their catt'e in the fiimmer, but nre
covered with fnow all winter, and the
valley pr(i. luces corn and wir4e, and
f'uirs. Here we may fee a variety of
feafojis in m-.e dry j it ftiall be win-
ter on one fide of a mountain, when
it is fummer on the other, and the
fpring- appears in all its beauty in a
third place ; infomuch that t^eir
harvefts continue from May to Od^o-
ber, fooner or later, according to the
litiration of the place.
Valdivia. S e Baldivia.
•Valence, E'. Ion. 4. 50. lat.
45. a town of France, in the pr. of
Dauphine, cap. of the Valentinois,
fit. at the confluence of the rivers
Rhone and Ifere, 48 m. S, of Lyons,
The fee of a bi/h.
Va l e n CI a, a pr. of Spain,
bounded by Arragon and Catalonia
on the N. by the Mediterranean on
the E. by Murcia on the S. and by
New Cadile on the W.
Valencia City, W. Ion. 35
rnin, lat. 39. )20. cap. of the pr. of
Valencia, lit. 180 m. S. E. cf Ma-
drid, and 106 m, N. of Carthagenn,
in a fine plain on the liver GuaJa-
V A
# «
laviar, and contains about I2,oco
houfes, elegantly builr, in a moil a-
greeable fituation, wateied with nu-
merous fountains, befici-is the river,
and encorrjpafied with fruitful fields
vineyards and gardens ; the inhabi-
tants eafy and agreeable in their con-
vcrfation, and fecm to have banilhed
that ftiffnefs and gravity vvhi..h the
reft of Spain is fj remarkable Jor.
Trade and manuf=i(flures alij i'.ounfh
here, and there are a -reat niany rich
merchants in the city j the;r jirinci-
pal manufadure is that of filL, and
thL7 export a great deal cf wuv, oil,
and huit. 'I'he whole country (or
twenty miles round looks iiKt. a gar-
den, and they aie fcarce fcniible of
winter. The towns and villages ftcnd
th ck, and we fee crowds of women
and children fpinning filk before their
houfes, wh'ch is the mi-re remark-
able, as moli: of the natives 01 Spain
have abandoned therofelvei to a lazy
una<rtive life,
Th'.; city of Valencia furrendered
to the Earl of I'eterborough in the
year 1705, and the whole province
declared for K. Charles, the hue
Emperor Charles Vi. foon after j
but was loft again, anno 1707, after
the defeat of the allies at Almanzj,
and the citizens paid very dear for
adhering to K. Charley,
Valencia, or Valenza de
Alcantara, W. Ion. 7. 30. lit.
39. 15. a town of Spain, in the
pr. of Eftremadura, near the fron-
tiers of Portugal^ 3z m. N. of Ua-
d;>jox,
Valencia New, W. Ion. 67.
30. lat. 10. a town of Terra Firma,
in America, fit. near the W. end of
the lake Tocarigua, 45 m. S, of
PortoCavallo, or Cabelo,
Valenciennes, E. Ion, 3. 23,
lat, 50. 24. a city of the Freuh
Netherlands, in the pr. of Hainaulf,
fit. on the iiver Schelde, 15 m. S.
of Tournay, and i8 m, S. W, of
Mony. It is a large well built
town, and ftrongly fortified and de-
fended by a citadel, and the country
abcuC
V A
V A
about it may be laid under water,
in cafe of a fiege. Here are con-
fiderable manufactures of filk and
fine linen : the French took h from
the Spaniards, anno 1677 : it is an
univerfity.
Valenza, E, Ion. 9. lat. 45.
a town of Italy, in the D. of Milan,
cap. of the ter. of Laumeline, fit.
on the river Po, 43 m, S. W. of
Milan.
Valkknburg, or Fauq^ue*
MONT, E. Ion. 5. 55. lat. 51. a
town of the Netherlands, in the pr.
of Limburg, fit. 9 m. E. of Mae-
ilricht, fub. to the Dutch.
Valkowar, E. Ion. 20. 20. lat.
45. 45. a town of Sclavonia, fit. on
the Danube, 60 m. N. W. of Bel-
grade, fub. to the houfe of Auftria,
Valladolid, W. Ion. 4. 50.
lat. 41. 36. a city of Spain, in the
pr. of Old Caftile, fit. near the con-
fluence of the rivers Douro and Pui-
cerda, in a large fruitful plain, S6
m. N. W. of Madrid } one of the
bed built towns in Spain, containing
about 11,000 houfes, and has a flou-
rifbing trade. It is walled round, but
not efteemed a place of flrength. The
grand fquare in the middle of the
town is fupported by piazzas, and a-
doraed with f ilded balconies in every
ftory } and there are no lefs than
feventy convents of nuns and friars in
this city, which is the fee of a biflj.
and an univ.
Valladolid, W. Ion. 91. lat.
14. a town of Mexico, in America,
fit. in the pr. of Honduras, 170 m.
S.W. of I'ruxillo.
Vallengin, E. Ion, 6. 40. lat.
47. 10. a town of Switzerland, cap.
of the county of Valierigin, fit. near
the lake of Neufchattel, 25 miles
N. W, of Bern ; a little republic
under the protedion of the King of
Prullia.
Vallery (St.) a port town of
France, in the pr. ct I'iciidy, fit.
on the E. channel, 45 m. N, of
Rouen.
Valona, E. Ion. 20. 5, lat.
4X1 6, a port town of Albanh, in
European Turky, fit. on a fine bay
of the gulph of Venice, 40 m. S. of
Durazzo.
Valona, SeeVoLONA,
Valois, a Duchy of France, fit,
in the ifle of France, on the three
great rivers of the Seine, the Maine,
ai)d the Oyfe.
Valparisa, W, Ion. 77, S.
lat. 33. a port town of Chili, in S.
America, fit. on the coaft of the Pa-
cific ocean, 50 m. N. of St. Jago,
fub. to Spain.
Valteline, a fine fruitful val-
ley, in the S. E. divifion of the coun-
try of the Grifons, thro' which the
river Adda runs j very conliderable
on account of its being a pafs between
Germany and Italy.
Valverde, W. Ion. 7, lat. 39,
46, a town of Portugal, in the pr.
of Beira, fit, near the frontiers of
Spanifii Eftremadura, 27 m. N. of
Alcantara.
Van, E. Ion, 44. 30. lat. 38,
30. a city of Afiatic Turky, in the
pr. of Turcomania, fit. on the N,
end of the lake Van, near the fron-
tiers of Perfia, 100 m. N. W. of
Tauris, and 170 m. S. E. of Erze-
rum. It is a populous city, and de-
fended by a caftle, fit. on a moun-
tain, in which the Turks always keep
a numerous garrifon.
Van Lake, on which the city of
Van (lands, is about 50 m. in cir-
cumference, and abounds in excellent
fi/b.
Vandal I A, the ancient name of
the countries of Meclclenburg ar.d
Pomcrania in Germany, on the fouih-
ern fiiore of the Baltic fea j the (eat
cf the Vandals. There is ftill a divi-
fion of this country, called the diicliy
of Vandalia, of which Guftrow it
the capital,
Vannes, orVENNEs, W. Ion.
2. 37. lat. 47. 40. a city of Francf",
in the pr. of Britany, fit. near tl.e
bay of Bilcay, 50 milei N. VV. uf
Nantz.
Varna, E. Ion. 2?. 45. lar. 4;.
a town of European Turky, in ibc
pr. of Bulgaria, fit. at ihc W, tii'l
M na 3 tf
V A
V E
of the Black Tea, izo m. N. of Con-
ftantinople.
Vasserburo, or Wasser-
BURG, £. Inn. J2. 15. lat. 48. 6.
a town- ot Germany, in the cir, and
D. of Bavaria, fit. on the river Inn,
30 m. E. of Munich,
Vatican, a magnificent palace
of the Pope's, in Rome, which is
faid to confift of fevcral thoufand
rooms, advantageoufly fituated on an
eminence, one of the feven hills
that ancient Rome was built on.
The parts of the palace moll ad-
mired are, the grand ftair-cafe, the
Pope's apartment j but above all,
the Vatican library, fo beautiful a
fabric, that, 'tis faid, it will admit
of no improvement, and the richeft
in the world, buth in printed books
and manufcripts,
Vaudemont, E. Ion. 5. 50.
lar, 48. 25, cap. of the county of
Vaudemont, in Lorrain, fit. 15 m.
S. W. of Nancy, fub. to France.
Vaudois valleys, are fituate in
Piedmont, in Italy, North of the
marquifate of Saluzzo, the chief town
Lucern. The people of thefe valleys
■were called Waldenfes and Vaudois,
from Pater Waldo or Vaud, a mer-
chant of Lyons in France, who hav-
ing expofed the fuperftition of the
church of Rome, anno 1160, was
banifiied France, and fettled in thefe
valleys with his difciplcs, where their
descendants ftill remain, and inherit
the enmity of their fore- fathers to
the church of Rome, for which they
have undergone feveral fevere perie-
cutions.
Vaudrevange, E, Ion. 6. 36.
lat, 49. 28. a town of Lorrain, fit.
on the ri\er Sare, 50 m. N. E. of
Nancy, fubjeft to the French, who
have built the ftrong fortrefs of Sar-
Louis clefe to it, by which name it
is f )metimes called,
Vauge, high mountains of Al-
face in Germany, which feparate it
frf^m Lorrain on the W. and divide
Lorrain from rraiiche-compte.
Vaur, E. Ion. 1. 30. lat, 43,45.
auwn of FiMice^ in tUc pr, oi JLan-
guedoc, fit. on the river Agout, iS
m. E. of Touloufe.
Ubeda, W. Ion. 3. 6. lat. 38,
a city of Spain, in the pr. of Anda-
lufia, fit. 45 m. N.E. of Granada.
Uberlingen, £, Ion. 9, 6. lat.
47. 45. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Suabia, and ter. of Furilen-
burg, fir. on the lake of Conftance,
Jo m. N. of Conftance, an imperial
city, or fovereign flate.
Ubes (St.) W. Ion. 9. 30, lat,
38, 36. a city and port town of
Portugal, in the pr. of Eftremadura,
fit. on a fine bay of the Atlantic
ocean, 21 m. S. of Lilbun. Here
are made great quantities of fine
fait, which moft of the northern na-
tions of Europe fetch from hence,
or carry to their American planta-
tions. The country about it abounds
in good wine and fruit, and it is one
of the moA fiourifhing towns in Por-
tugal.
UCKERMUKP, E. Ion. 14. 22.
lat, 53. 45, a town of Germany, in
the cir, of Upper Saxony, and D. of
Pomerania, fit. on a bay of the Bal-
tic fea, called the Great-hafT, 25 m.
N. W. of Stetin.
Udenskoi, E. Ion. 96. 30. Iat«
53. a town of Siberia, or Mofcovice
Tartaty, fit. on the S, E. part of the
lake Baikul, in the road from To-
bolfki to China, 1000 m. N. W. of
Pekin, and 1200 m. E, of Tobol/ki,
Udina, E. Ion. 13.20. lat. 46.
30, a town of Italy, in the ter. of
Venice, and pr, of Friuli, fit. 25 m,
N, of Aquileia.
Vecht, E. Ion. 7. 50. lat. 53,
a town of Germany, in the cir. of
Weftphalia, and county of Diepholt,
fit. 30 m. N. of Ofnabfug.
Vecht, a river of the United
Netherlands, which runs from E. to
W, crofs the pr, of OveryflTcl, and
falls into the Zuyder fea below
Swartfluys.
Veit (St.) E. Ion, 14. '^t, 47.
10. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Auftria, and D. of Carinthia, fit.
7 m. N. of Clagcnturt, (ub, to the
houfc of Auilria.
ven:e.
V E
V E
i5
Veit (St.) E. Ion. 15, ]at. 45.
40. a city and port town of Ger-
many, in the cir. of Auftria, and D,
of Carniola, fit, on ihe gulph of Ve-
nicei 50 m. S. of Laudbach, fub. to
the houfe of Auftria.
Vela, W. Jon. 73. 30. lat. i-i,
a remarkable cape on the coa(t of
Terra Firma, in S. America, fit. 180
m. N, £. of St. Martha.
Vela Y, the N.E. divifion of the
pr. of Languedoc in France.
Velez, W, Ion. 3. 20, lat. 40. 5.
a town of Spain, in the pr. of Nev
Caitile, fit. 50 m, S. E, of Madrid,
and 45 m. N. E. of Toledo,
Veldents, E. ion, 6. 36. lat.
50, a town of Germany, in the pa-
latinate and cir. of the Lower Rhine,
lit. on the Eaft llde of the river Mo-
i'elle, 15 m. E. of Triers, fub, to
the Eledor Palatine.
Velika, E, Ion. 17, 31. lat,
46. 15, a town of Sclavunia, fit. 60
m. N. W. of Pofega, fub. to the
houfe of Auflria.
Velletri, £. Ion. 13, 20. ht.
41. 40. a town of Italy, m the
Pope's ter. and Campania of Rome,
fit. ^o m, £. of Rome. The fee of
a bi/h.
Venafro, E. Ion. 14. 50. lat,
41. 30, a town of Italy, in the K. of
Naples, and pr. of Lavoro, i\v, 25 m,
N. ofNnpld.
Vena I SUN, a ter, in France,
lying on the Eaft fide of the river
Rhone, betwesn Languedcx and Pro-
vence, fub. to the Pope j the capuai
<;ity Avignon,
Venant (St.) E.lon.2. 30. lat.
50. 43, a town of the French Ne-
therlands, in the pr, of Artois, fit.
pn the river I.ys, 20 m. N. of Anas,
and as many W. cf Lifle.
Vence, £. Ion. 7. lat. 43. 45,
a town of France, in the pr^ of Pro.
vence, fit. on the confines of Pied-
?nont, 10 m. W. of Nice,
Venoosme, W. Ion. 1. lat. 47,
48, a town of France, in the pr. of
Orleanoij, cap. of the Vendolmcis,
fir. on the Little Lo^re, 37 m, Wi
of Odcans. , r * ^ .
Venezitela, a province of Ter*
ra Firma, in S. America, including
the ter, of Caracos, is bounded by
the North fea, or American ocean,
on the N, by New Andaiufia on the
E, by Granada on the S. and by Rio
de la Hacha on the W, being 400 m*
long, and 300 broad. In this pro-
vince (along the fca coaft cfpeciaJly)
are very high mountains and deep
valleys, pointing on the ftiore from
S. to N. The tops of ihcfe moun-
tains are barren, but the lower part
of them, and the valleys, are a very
rich foil, producing plenty of corn,
rich paftuie, and fruit, lusjar, and
tobacco, and their plantations of ca«
cao or chocolate-nuts <ire efteem-
ed the bef> in America ; there are
alio gold lands in this province,
which has induced great numbers of
Spaniards and Indians to lectle here,
There are as many rich populous
towns in this pr. as in any part of
Spanifli America.
Venezuela Bay, is a fpacious
gulph on the coait of Terra Firma,
in S. America, which has a com«
munication with the lake of Mare*
caibo by a narrow llrait.
Venice, a republic of Italy, is
bounded by the Grifons, Trent, and
Tyrol, on the N. by Carniola and
the gulph of Venice on the E. by
Romania and the D. of Mantua on
the S. and by the D. of Milan on
the W, being 180 m. long, and 100
broad.
It is a level country, and fruitful
foil, producing corn, wine, rich pa-
sture, and abundance cf filk, and
plenty of cattle of all kinds^ the flefh
of their hogs is in molt efleem j the
Paduan fhci-p at^ord very fine wool.
Venice CiT A, K, Ion. 13. lat.
45. 40. cap. of the Dogado or Duchy
of Venice, and of ail the Venetian
dominions, is fit. 220 ni. N. of
Rome, 150 £. of Miiaii, and 250
E. of Turin, Aunding in the La-
guncs, 5 miles from the, continent :
thck Lagunes are luppofed to have
been marfhy grounds which the fea
lus encroached upon, leaving a great
number
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imm'oer of little iflands or fpots of
c-irth above the water, on which the
HHicrmen of Padua built their huts ;
fc'jt when the Goths invaded Itnly
in the fifth century, feveral confi-
derable families of Padua and Aqui-
leia retired hither, to fecure them-
felves from an enemy they could
not refifl, and laid the foundation of
this great city upon 72 of ihcfe lit-
tle iflands, 'tis faid, at firft j but Ve-
nice ftands upon a much greater
number at this day, and is fo hap-
pily fituatcd that no army can ap-
proach it by land, nor no hoHile
fleet by fea j the avenues to thefe
iilands being fo exceeding difBcult,
that they have not thought it ne-
ceflary to enclofe the city with a
wall ; nor has any power attempted
to befiege it fince it was founded,
which is now izoo years and up.
wards. Nothing can appear more
beautiful than thij town dees, as we
approach it either from the conti-
nent or the fea, we behold this fine
city, with its numerous palaces and
lofty towers rifing out of the waters,
as it were waihed by the flood on
every fide, nothing intervening to
obftru£t the fight. The circumfe-
rence of the city is about 6 miles,
and the inhabitants computed to be
Msr two hundred thoufand ; the
canals fo numerous, that you may
go to any part of the town by wa-
ter; and there are 450 bridges over
them J the principal bridge called
the Rialto, lying over the grand
canal, compofed of one arch (which
makes one third of a circle) ninety
foot wide. None of the bridges but
this have any rails.
There are not kays on the fides of
all the canals whers people can walk ;
but i'ometimes the canal fills the
whole ftreet from one fide to the
oiher.
The piazza of St. Mark, *tis faid,
is not to be parallel'd for the magni-
f.cence of its buildings, and the
huul'ci upon the grand canal are
n)ofl of them elegant palaces, with
ttiirble fronts, adorned with pillars
of the feveral orders of archlteflure.
Their rooms are ufually hung with
gilt leather or tapcftry, and their
be Ifteads of iron, which fecures
them againft the vermin fo trouble-
fome in London. But thcle advan-
tages are attended with fome great
inconveniences : they have no good
cellars for their wine j all their wa-
ter is bad, but what is brought from
the continent, and their canals, in
the heat of fummer, create very
oft'enfive fmells.
The fovereign power is lodged in
the nobility. There are about fif-
teen hundred noblemen at prefent,
who conftitute their grand council,
or afTembiy of the flate?, and are
ftiled Noble Venetians, whofe ho-
nours dcfcend to their pofterity.
The Doge or Duke of Venice is
cloathed in royal robes, and has the
honours of a fovereign Prince paid
him, but has very little fhare in the
government : as il.? legiflative power
is lodged in the great council, there
are feveral other councils to whom
the adminiftration of the government
is comfipitted ; and there is one
council or Aate-inquifition, which
has a power of imprifoning and put-
ting to death the greateft nobleman,
even the Doge himfelf, if they ap-
prehend him to be dangerous to the
ftate, and that without bringing
him to an open trial, or giving him
an opportunity of making his de-
fence. And tho' the noblemen of
the city of Venice are veiled with
very great powers and privileges,
the ancient nobility on the continent
have fcarce any ; nor are they at all
refpedled at Venice, for the titles
they bear of marquill'es, counts, &c.
thefe the Venetians endeavour to de-
prefs, and even to extirpate, as the
Dutch do thofe of Holland.
The annual revenues of the repub-
lic are computed to be 1,200,000 1,
fteiling, and their forces may amount
to 24,000 by land. They can equip
a fleet of 30 men of war, 100 gnl.
lies, and 10 galeaflcs, 'tis faid ;
but they fcMojn engage the Turks at
ka
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fea without foreign affiftance. A
noble Venetinn is always genera-
lifTimo at fea, but they make choice
of fome foreign geneul for the land
fervice, who i> artcnded by feveral
fenators, without whofe concurrence
he can trnnfo^l nothing j end they
chufe to empl')y Swifs, German?,
and other foreign troop in their
wars, rather than thtir own fub-
je£ls ; bvil they d^fi-e to be at peace
with all their neighbours, if pcfli-
ble J not only becaufe they appre-
hend thcmlclves weaker, but war
hurts their trafnc, which is tlieir
chief fupport, though it was much
greater formerly, wlien they brought
the meiciiandize of Afia Irom Alex-
andria, and diflributed it lo ail the
countries in Europe. Still the ma-
nufa(ilures and produce of their
country furnifiies them wiih mer-
chandize to traffic with. They make
wrought iilks of various kinds, bro-
cades, gold and filver ftuf^s, and da-
ma/kf, as well as velvets. They
export wine, oil, fruit, Venetian
fceel, copper, glafs, efTenccs, tur-
pentine, 8cc. and the gooii they
purchafe in Turky arc taken off by
the Germans.
As to their religion, it is that of
the Roman Catholic, but it can
fcarce be called Popery, the Pope
has fo little authority at Venice :
their church has two patriarchs, the
one of Aquileia, and the other of
Venice : and thefe are fubjeft en-
tirely to the temporal power. The
republic of Venice is as arbitrary in
ecclefiaftlcal caufes as the ftates of
Holland. The Pope is looked upon
as a. temporal Prince at Venice, and
their patriarchs little more th:in cy-
phers. And tho' they have a kind
of inquifition, that court can put
none of their decrees in execution,
without the leave of the ftate. The
Venetians are neither governed by
priefts or monks j men of fuch pro-
felfions indeed may enjoy the diver-
fion of mafquerading, during the car-
naval ; they may keep concubines,
Cn$ upon the ft^ge, and take wkat
libbrties they pleafe, fo as they M'
not meddle with the government r
And the nuns of Venice have not a
much better reputation than their
clergy. Their patriarch was about
to reftraln the liberties taken in thole
houfes, and began with the nuns of
St. Lawrence J but they told him
they were noble Venetians, who had
made choice of that wav ot life as
mnfl convenient, aad would not be
fubjedt to his t.gul.itions j jnd the
fcnate interpoferl, and required the
patriarch to dclift.
Venlo, E. Ion. 6. 20. lat. i;i.
34. a town of Dutch Gelderland, fit,
on the river Maes, 9 m. S. of Gel-
fler, fubjedl to the Dutch, ftrongly
fortified.
Vennes, SccVannes.
Venosa, E. Ion. i6. 36. kt.
41. a town of It. ly in the kingdom
of Naples and pr. of the Baf-^icate,
fit. 80 m. E. of Naples J the fee of
a bi/hop, and faid to be the p'.ace of
Horace's nativity.
Venta oe Cruz, W. Ion. 8i,
30. lat. 9. 20. a town of Te' -
iirma in South America, fit. on he
ifthmuE of Darien, 40 fti. 'i. ? Porto-
bello, and zo m. North nf F^namar
Here the Spaniards embark their
merchandize on the river Chagre,
which they fend from Panama to
Porto-bello,
VENTiMiGtiA, E, }nn. 7. 30,
lat. 43.45. a port town of Italy, irt
the ter. of Genoa, fit, on the Me-
diterranean fea, 16 m. E. of Nice^
and 100 m. S. W. of Genoa.
Vera, W. Ion. i. 45. lat.. 37,
16. a port town of Spain, in the pr.
of Granadrt mar the frontiers of
Murcia, fit. oa the coaft of the Me-
diterranean, 44 mi S. W. of Car*
thagen-i.
Vkra Cruz, W. Ion. 100. lat,
18 30. a port town of Mexico ia
America, in the pr. of Tlafcala, fit,
on the gulf of Mexico, 200 m. S. E«
of Mexico city, having a very fecure
and commodwus harbour, well de-
fended by fort at the entrance. Here,
the flotUla annually arrives from Spain»
■f
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♦•receive the goW and frtver the
fands and mines of Mexico produce ;
and at the fame time is held a fair
here for all manner of rich merchan-
dize brought hither from China and
the Eift Indies, by the way of the
Pacific ocean, and of the merchandize
of Europe, by the way of the Atlantic
ocean. This town is not two miles
in circumference, about which there
is a wall of no great Rrength on the
land fide. The air is as unwho!e<
fomc here as at Porto bcllo, and it
is inhabited chiefly by Mulattoes and
Blacks. Very few Spaniards refide
here, unlefs when the flotilla arrives,
and then it is crowded with people
from all parts of Spani/h America,
who are content to live in little
huts or tents, while the fair iaf^s ;
but on the departure of the fleer,
9il men of any fuhflance retire.
The ordinary garrifon the Spaniards
keep here confifts only of a troop of
fixty horfe, and two companies of
foot. It was ne.ir this place, viz.
Viva, that Corlez landed when he
invaded Mexico.
V£RAGUA,a province of Mexico,
in America, bbunded by the North
fea on the N. by the pr. of Darien,
or Terra Firma, and the gulph of Pa*
nama on the E. by the Paci6c oct;an
on the S. and by the pr. of Colh-
Rica on the W. It is a mountainous
barren country, but has rich gold fands
and filver mines in it } the chief towh
Santa Fe.
Vi£R A Paz, or Coban, W. Ion.
4)3. lat. 15. 6. a lown of Mexico,
in Amerco, capital of (he pr. of
Vera Paz, fit. iSom. £. of Guati-
inaia.
Verceli. I, E. Ion. 8. 20. lat.
4c. X5. a city of Italy, in the pr.
of Piedmont, cap. of the country of
Verceil, fit. on the river Sefia, 45
tn. N. E. of Turin, fub. to the K.
of Sardinia.
Veri) CAPr.,'\\. jcn. 78. lat. tj.
a promontory on the Weil coafl of
Africa, fit, 40 m. N. W, of the
B)cuth of the river Gambia,
ViRO CAfK hi.AHOif in the
Atlantic ocean, W. of Cape VerJ m
Africa, being ten in number, fit. be-
tween 43 and 27 degrees of W. Ion.
and between 15 and 18 degrees of N,
lat. fub. to Portugal.
Ve R D E N, in Germany. See
Ferden.
Verdun, E. Ion, 55 min. lat,
43. 50. a town of France, in the pr<
of Guieune, fit, 15 m. ^f. of Tou-
loufe.
Verdun, E. Ion, 5. 10. lat. 49,
14, a city of Germany, in the D. of
Lorrain, fit. on the river Macs, 40
m. N. W. of Nancy, fub. to JFrancc,
Vere. SeeTERVEER.
Vermandois, a divifion of the
pr. of Picardy, in Fiance, having the
Cauibrefis on the N. and the ifle of
France on the S.
Vernevil, E. Ion. i. lat. 48.
46. a town of France, in the pr. of
Normandy, fit. 43 m. S. of Rouen,
Vernon, E. Ion. i. 30. lat. 49.
6. a town of France, in the pr. of
Normandy, fit. on the river Seyne,
27 m. S. E. of Rouen.
Veroi.], £. Ion. 14. 10. lat. 41.
40. a town of Italy, in the I'upc's
ter. and Campania of Rome, fit. near
the confines of Naples, 55 m. E, of
Rome.
Vkkona, E. Ion. II. i;. lat,
45. 20. a city of Italy, in the ter,
of Venice, cap. of the Veionefe, fir,
on the river Adigc, 24 m. N. of
Mantua, the fee of a bifli>ip, and an
univerfity. It is 6 m. in circumfe'
rencc, and well fortified, and has fe-
veral noble palaces and public build-
ings in it J and among their antiqiii«
tics there is a Roman amphitheatre,
which has all the fcais> remaining,
and would hold 24,000 fpcdlators j
the longed diameter of the area 233
feet, and the fliortell diameter 136
feet. There is alfo in Verona tlie
remains of a triumphal arch, and of
a magnificent temple dedicated to
Jupiter. Pliny the hirtonan, and
Fliny th2 nituralifi, and Vitruvius
the celebrated archite^, were born
hert.
ViAiAiLLKs, £. Ion. s. 15*
Ut4
V E
VI
See
lat.
40
lat. 48. 46. a town of France, in the
pr. of the ifle of France, fit. 1 1 m.
W, of Paris, where (lands or.z wf ♦ihe
tnoft elegant and magnificent palaces
in the world, built by Lewis XIV.
King of France, upon an eminence,
in the middle of a plain, furrounded
with hills at an agreeable diflance.
Verve, £. ion. 8. lat. 45. a
town of Italy, in the pr. of Pied-
mont, fit. on a hill on the fide of the
river Po, ao m. N. E. of Turin, It
is a very ftrung place, and held out a
fiege of fix months againll ail the ef-
foits the French could make in the
year 1705 } but expecting no relief,
the governor was at length compelled
to furrender. This and the reft of
the towns of Piedmont were reco-
vered by the allies, and rcftored to
their old mafter, the duke of Savoy,
anno 1706, whofefon, the king of
Sardinia, is now fovereign of Pied*
mont.
Vksoul, E. Ion. 5. lat. 47. 37.
a town of France, in the pr. of
Tranche Compte, fit. 23 m. N, of
Befanjon.
Vespkin, £. Ion. 18. 6. lat.
47, 25. a town of Lower Hungary,
fit. N, of the Plattea fca, 50 m,
S. W. of Buda j fub. to the houfe uf
Auftria.
Vesuvius Mount, E. Ion. 15.
ht. 41. fit. 6 m. £. of the city of
Naples, in Italy. Within a mile and
a half of the top, it is covered fo
thick with the afhes of the burnt
earth, and grows (o Oeep that it is
very difficult afccnding ii. From this
mount there have been feveral terri«
bic eruptions in the prel'cnt age. In
April 1694, the mountain was on fire
great part of the month, and threw
out burning matter with that furce,
that fomc of it fell at thirty miles
diilance, and a vaft quantity of melted
minerals, mixed with other matter,
ran down like a river for three miles,
catrying every thing before it which
lay in its way. In the year 1707,
when they were rejoicing for the fuc-
•cfs ut iJie Impcriaiifls, they were in>
Ut«
terrupted by a dreadful eruption from
mount Vefuvius, fuch quantities of
cinders and a/hes being thrown out^
that it was dark at Naples at noon-
day ; and they arc frequently alarmed
wich earthquakes when the fire ilfues
from this mount.
VixiN Franjojs, a ter. of the
ifle of France, lymg E, of the pr. of
Normandy,
Vezelav, E. Ion. 3, 45. lat,
47. 16, a town of France, in the pr.
of Oiieanois, and D, of Nivcrnois, fit.
30 m. S. of Auxerre,
Ugento, £. Jon. 19, lat, 40.
10. a town of Italy, in the K. of
Naples, and ter. of Otranto, fit. on
the gulph of Taranto, 15 m. S. W.
of Otranto.
Ugocna, E. Ion. 8. 25. lat. 45,
35. a town of Italy, in the D. of
Milan, fit. 55 m. N. W. of the city
of Milan j iubjed to the houfe of
Auflria,
ViADANA, E. Ion. II. lat. 44.
50. a town of Italy, in the D. of
Mantua, fit. on the river Po, 17 m,
S. of Mantua } fub. to the houfe of
Auilria.
ViANA, W. Ion. 2. 28. lat. 42,
45. a town of Spain, in the pr. of
Navarre, fit. on the river Ebro, on
the confines of Bifcay, 46 m. S, W,
of Pampcluna.
ViANA, W, Ion. 9. 15. lat. 41.
40. a port town of Portu^^al, fit. 36
m. N, of Oporto,
VjANDEN, or WlANDEN, E.
Ion. 6. 8. lat. 50. 5, a town of the
Auftiian NetheiJands, in the pr. of
Luxemburg, fit. 20 m. N. of Luxem*
burg.
VicEr.RAD, E, Ion, 19. lat. 47,
55. a town of Lower Hungary, lit.
on the S. fide of the Danube, 17 m.
N. W. of Luda.
VicENZA, E. Ion. 12. lat. 45,
36. a town of Italy, in the ter. of
Venice, fit. 20 m. N. W. of Padua,
the fee of a bifh.
VicfNT JNO, a ter. of Venice, in
Italy, ilt. between the bilhopnc of
'i'nni aud the Paduan.
Vic*,
1
V I
V I
. VicH, E. Ion. a. lat, 41. 50. a in London. It Is a wood in an Idand,
rtown of Caulonia, in Spain, fit. 30 formed by the branches vf the Da-
jn. N, of Barcelona.
VicovARo, £. Ion. 13. 55. lat.
42. 6. a town of Italy, in the Pope's
ter. fit. in tbefr. of Sabina, 40 m.
N. £. of Rome.
Victoria, or Vitorxa, W.
Ion. 2. 45. lat, 43. 6. a tuwii of
Spain, in the pr. lof Bifc^y, fit. 30
tn. S. of Bilboa.
nube, which renders it exceeding
pieafant.
Vienna is an archbifliopric, and
the cathed'ral of St.- Stephen a magDJ-
ficent eW building, but dark : The
univerfity is equal to any in Europe,
in point of antiquity, the number of
ftudents, or their accommodations and
privileges. The Auftrian library is
ViDiN, orWiDiN, E. Ion. 24. in great efleem, containing four-fcore
iat. 43. 50. a town of European thoutand volume?.
Turky, in the pr. oi Servia, lit. on
the river Danube, 1^0 m, S.E« or
Belgrade.
Vienna, £. Ion. 16. 10. lat.
Ihere is no place where people eat
and drink, more plentifully, aiid arc
better ferved with v ine, as well as
eatables, than they are at Vienna.
43.20. the cap. city of the Cirde People of diftindtion will have 18 or
of Auftria, and of the German em- ao diflferent forts of wine at their ta-
pire, is fit. on the river Danube, 130 bles, and a note is laid on every plate,
xn* S. E. of Prague, 200 m« E.-of enumerating the feveral forts of wine
Munich, 600 S« £. of London, 550 that may be called for ; and it is a
E. of Paris, 300 m. N, Wi of Bel- very difficult thing for a ftranger to
grade, and 700 m. N. W.- of Con- get oflF without being made fenfiblc
lUntinople. The city within the ©f the ftrenc,th of rhcm.
vails is not more than three mUes Thi»city, tho* it be (o far within
in circumference, but the fuburbs are land, has in fome parts of if the air
much larger than the city. It is fo of a fea port; for here are magazines
well fortified, that it has fuftaincd of naval rtores, and (hips of war built
icveral ficgcs^ the laA hy the Turks, and fitted out, which fcrve upon the
in 1683, laflad two months, and was Danube- againft the Turks; and thcie
» very terrible one; but k was re- have been m^ny fmart en^n'jements
licved in a critical hour by John So- between the fleets of the Turks and
bielky king ot Poland, and the doke Germans upon that river, efpecially
vi Lorrain. about Belgrade.
Vienna is built of ftone, the houfes Vienne, 1. Ion. 4. 44. lar.45.
five or fix ftories high, with flat roofs. 35, a town of France, in the pr. of
The Imperial family have two large Dauphine, cap. of the ter. of Vicn-
palates here, in which there are feve- nois, fit. on the Rhone, iS m. 51. of
lal grand apartments ; blit the build
ini^s are neither uniform or elegant,
iioi the furniture lo rich as might be
expected in the palaces of the fird
Lyons, and 40 m. N. W. of Cic-
noble ; the fee of an archb.
Vie 8 IE, or VisTK, E. Ion. 17.
lat. 41. 48. a town of Italy, in tlic
prince in Europe ) but the houfes of K. of Naple*, and pr. of the Capi-
the nobility and great oflicers of ftate tinat, fit. on the gulph of Venice, 16
arc magnificent itruiturer : the palace m. N. of Manfredunia j the fee of a
of the late Prinze Eugeni pariicular-
iy, IS the admiration of all that view
it, as well for the grandeur of the
building, and convenicncy of the a-
partmenti, as for the richnefi of the
iurnituie.
blfh.
VictvANo, E. Ion. 9. TO. I.if.
4c. 15. a towH of Italy, in the D.
of Milan, fit. 16 m. S.W. of Milnn.
VlONAMONT, E. It n. 5. 1<'.
50. 36. a town o> Germany, in the
The Prat in Vienna is frequented bifliopiic of Liege, fit. a m. N. ot
hy t>euple of quality, as the Mall is Huy,
^ UXKAIN,
V I
V I
Ukratn, the S. W. divifion of
Mofcovy, fit. on the river Nieper,
or Borifthenes, near the frontiers of
Little Tartary.
Vigo, W. Ion. 9. iS> iat. 42.
15. a port town of Spain, in the pr.
of Galicia, fit. on a fine bay of the
Atlantic ocean, which forms a capa-
cious harbour, 70 m. S. E. of Cape
Finiflerre, and 50 m. S. of Com-
poilflla. Here the confederate fleet,
commanded by Sir George Rook, at-
tacked a fqu.tdron of French men of
war, commanded by Monileur Chat-
teau-Renard, with thirteen Spani/h
galleons under his convoy, whiKl the
Duke of Ormond, with a body of
Ijnd-forcec, drove the Spaniards from
the caftles which defended the har-
bour } and Admiral Hopfon having
broke thro* the boom laid crofs the
mouth of the harbour with infmite
Jjazard, the Englifli took four galleons
and Bve large men of war, and the
Dutch five galleons, and one large
man of war ; four other galleons,
with fourteen men of war, were de-
ployed, with abundance of plate, and
other rich eiTe^^s ; and a confidera-
ble quantity of plate was t:^ken, but
the ^reateft part of it had been car*
ried on Hiore before the engagement,
which happened oa the iith of O^.
1701.
Vn.LA BoHiM, or BoiN, a town
of Portugal, in the pr. of Alentcjo,
tit. 10 m. S. W. of Elvas.
ViLf.ACH, E. Ion. 13.40. Jat.
47. a town oi Germany, in the cir.
of Auftria, aad D. of Carinthia, fit.
20 m. W. of Clat^enfuit j fub. to the
hi'iife of Auftria.
Villa Franca, E. Ion. 7. 8.
Jrt. 43. 45. a port town of Italy, in
the pr. of Fi dmont, and co, of Nice,
fit. 3 m. £. of Nice, and 40 m.
S. of Coni j fubjedl to the K. of
Sardinia.
Villa Franca, E. Ion, it. 8,
Iat. 4;. 16. a town of Italy, in the
ter. of Venice, and pr. ofiheVero-
nefe, fit. 9 m. S. of Verona.
Villa Franca, E. Ion. i. 36.
lat« 41. 16, a towa of Spain, in ti:ie
pr. of Catalonia, iS m. W. of Bar-
celona.
Villa Franca, W. Ion. 25.
Iat. 38. cap. of the ifland of St. Mt'
chael, one of the Azores or Wellern
iflands, fit. in the Atlantic ocean,
700 m^ W. of Lifbon, in Portugal 5
iub. to the Portuguefr*
Villa Franca, W. Ion. 5,
16. Iat. 40. 30. a town of Spain, in
the pr. of Eflremadura, fit. on the
river Tormes, 54 m. S. £. of Sala-
manca.
Villa Franche, E. Ion. 4*
45. iat. 46, a town of France, in
the pr. of Orleanois, and ter. ef
Beaujolois, fit. on the river Saone,
12 m. N. of Lyons.
Villa Fkanchx, £. Ion. i*
36. lar. 44. 24. a town of France,
in the pr. of Guienne, and ter. of
Royergne, fit. on the river Aveyrune,
47 m. N.E. of Touloufe.
Villa Real, W. Ion. 7. 55.
Iat. 41. 15. a town of Portugal, in
the pr. of Tralos-montee, fu. 50 m.
E. of Porto.
Villa Real, W. Ion. 24 min.
Iat. 40. a town of Spain, in the pr.
of Valencia, fit. 30 m. N, of Va-
lencia city.
Villa oil Rev, W, Ion. 7,
20. iat. 38. 50. a town of Spain, in
the pr. of Eftremadura, fit. 10 m.
N. of Badajox.
Villa Rica, W. Ion. 100. Ijt.
20. a port town of Mexico, in Ame-
rica, fit. on the gulph of Mexico, 200
m. E. of the city of Mexico.
Villa Viciosa, W. Ion. 3,
2C. iat. 40. 50. a town of Spain, in
the pr. of New Caftile, fit, 47 m,
N. E. of Madrid. Here Mat/hai
Starembnrg (10 D<rc. 1710) defeated
the French and Spaniards the day
after they had taken a great body of
Englifh commanded by General Stan-
hope, who furrcndered prifnncts of
war, for want of ammunition, in
the town of Brihuega.
ViM.A Viciosa, W. Ion. 6.
6. iat. 43. a port town of Spun, m
the pr. of AHurii, fit. on the b.ty ai
Bifcay, 2Z m. N.E. of Oviedo.
Nn VlLLINA,
f'
i
1
V I
V I
ViLLiNA, W. Jon. T. 15. lat.
38. 46. a town of Spain, in the pr,
of New Caftile, fit. on the confines
cf Valencia, 40 m. N, of Murcia.
This town the Allies were befieging
when they received advice that the
French and Spaniards were advanced
to Almanza, anno 1707 ; whereupon
the Earl of Galloway abandoned the
fiege, and fought the battle of Al.
manza, where he was defeated, and
inoll of the EngliHi killed or taken
prifoners.
ViLvoRDi, E. Ion. 4. 20. lat,
51. a town of the Auftrian Nether-
lands, in the pr, of Brabant, fit. on
the river Scnne, 7 m. N. of Biuf«
fels.
ViNCEKT CAPE, W. Ion. 10.
lat, 36. 55. the moft S. W. promon-
tory of Portugal, 25 m. W. of the
port town of Lagcs.
Vincent (St.) W. Ion. 61. lat.
13, one of the Caribbee ifljnds, fit,
in the Atlantic or American ocean,
75 m. W. of Barbadoes, and com-
prehended in the government, or at
lead in the commiflion of the gover-
nor of Barbadoes j but the French
have lately diipu.^d the claim of the
Epglifli both to this ifland and that
etf St. Lucia, and adlually drove the
Bnglirti from them, who were C^ht
tb plant them by the Duke of Mon-
tague, znnt 1722 ; the men of war
v)ho were font to protect the colony
not doir their duty; nor did the
«ourt of iin[;,hnd fccm to rcfent this
picce of French inl<.!erjce.
Vincent (St.) a province of
Brazil in S' uth An.erica, b( unded
by the pr. of Rio Janeiro on the N.
by the Atlantic cv.ean ort the E. by
the pr. of del Rey on the S. and by
the SpaniHi pr. of La Plata on the
W. fub. to Portugal.
ViNTiMioLiA, E, Ion. 7. 45,
lat. 43. 50. a port town of Italy, in
the trr, of Genoa, {\\ on tlie Me-
diterranean, 17 m. E. of Nice, and
*joo S. W. of Genoa city.
ViRE, W. Ion. I. 5. lat. 4?. 55,
to wii of France in the pr. of Nor-
mandy, fit, 33 m. S. W. of Caeo.
Virgin islants, very {r\iH
illands of the Caribbees, fit. in ; he At-
lantic or American ocean, a little to
the eaftward of Porto-Rico j fub. to
Spain.
Virginia, one of the Briti/h
Amctican colonies, is fit. between
74 and 80 degrees of W. Ion. and
between 36 and 39 degrees of N. lat,
being bounded by the river Patow-
mack, which fcparates it from Mary-
land, on the N, by the Atlantic ocean
on the E. by Carolina on the S. and
by the Apalachian mountains on the
W, being about 240 m. Jong from
N. to S, and not more than 120 m.
broad fn m E. to W. if we compre-
hend only the lands which are plant-
ed, but m.iy be extended as far weft-
ward as wc think fit.
The country near the fea is flat
low land, but begins to rife into hills
within lefs than 100 miles, termi-
nating at length in the Apalachian
rrountains, which are covered with
fnow great part of the year, and
when the wind fits from the W. cr
N. W. it is cxccflive cold, though a
little before, perhaps, when the
wind fat from the oppofite points,
it was fo warm that people could
fcarce bear their cloiths on. This
fudJen alteration of the weather cc-
cafions the air to be a Jiitle un-
healthfuJ, at leaft it is (o to fuch
as expofc themfcJvcs too much to
the weather, efpecial.'y in the nii;,ht-
time.
The country is well rcplcnifted
with timber, which grows to an un-
ufual height and bulk, the trees
ilanJing at fuch a dIAancc that a
coach and fix may drive thro' them ;
and among their fruits they have
prapcs which grow wild, and would
makewin-j, if the planters were not
'altogether taken up with cultivating
tobacco. Silk-grafs alfo grows hvte
fpontaneoufly, and the foil is ex*
trcmcly proper for hemp and flax,
and yet they have neither filk or
Jinncn manufactures, for the reafon
alicady afllgned j for it is the excxl-
lentc of the Virginian tobacco whkh
d.iliO*
V I
V I
un-
let, s
at a
cm ;
:av:
ould
not
atmg
htre
ex-
flax,
k or
.•a!on
XI el-
bah
fjifllngukrtics it from all other coun-
tries J and of this they have enough
to fupply great part of Europe,
which they do at a very moderate
price, the prime cod not being more
than a penny a pound, tho* the du-
ties impofcd upon it make it dear
enough before it arrives in England j
and none of our colonies yield the
crown of England fo large a revenue
as this. There are very few towns
in Virginia ; James-town and WiU
liamfburg, which are the chief, have
neither of them ico houfes. Every
pbnter chufes to refide upon h s
eflate or farm in the country, and
moft of them lie near fome of their
great rivers j fo that fliips can come
almoft up to their door?, and t.ike
in their tobacco.
The Virginians have a regular
clergy of the church ot England, and
have provided lu life?, t.K bes, and
tythes of tobacco in every paiiih, for
the fubfiftence of their feveral n^ini-
fters, which is a very plentiful nijia-
tcnance: The fociety for the picpa-
gaticn of the gnlpel, therefore, di ii't
fend any m;flionr,iies to thib colo.iv j
an-1 btfides a chuich in every pjr.lh,
thw'ie is a chapel cf eafc built in tbule
that are very extcnfive. As to the
puiir of this country, 'tis laid they
Ji\e in (o happy a climate, and fo
fniiiful a foil, that there is no body
poiti* (rough to ! eg for want of food j
h it a: there are nor.e reduced to beg-
gary, fo thcie are ft-w that are very
rich, the mcichants of England (as
they comp'ain) running away with
the gteated part of their profits.
When any on*; happens by age or
ficlcncfs to be dilaljlcd from working,
he is very well pravided for , not as
in En. land, juR kept from ftarving,
but he is pliccd in feme plantci's
houfe that lives plentifully, and his
board paid for at the public charge :
And as to flaves and fervants, of
which there arc many more than
there are freemen, they are not
worked fo hard, nor fo many hours
in a day, as the hufbandmeo and
day-labourer:) in England,
Such is the hofpitality of the Vir-
ginians, that a traveller needs no re-
commendation to their houfes j he
will be entertained at any gentleman
or planter's houfc where he calls,
which makes inns upon the road al-
together ufelefs.
Fortifications they have rone In
Virginia, but depend altogether upon
a well-regulated militia to deiend
them by land, and upon thecru'zcrs
fent from England for their defcr^ce
at fea ; neither do they at all «»ppiy
thsmfelves to building of fljips, tho*
they have plenty of good timber, si
well as all manner of naval ftjrtsi < f
their own growth, and a multitHde
of commodious harbours, or rather
their whole country is but one grand
harbour, after you have entered the
bay of Cheft'peak, between the two
capes of Cape Charles and Cape
ffer.ry.
ViKTON, E. Ion. 5, 23. lat. 49»
45, a town of the French Ntlhtr-
lands, in the pr. of Luxt-mburg, hrt
25 m. W, of Luxemburg.
V^iSKT, E. Ion. 5. 40. h't. CO.
54. a town of tiie Aurtriau Nfiiei-
laiids, in the pr. of Liir.burg, fit. on
the F. Hiore u{ the river Ivlaes, 7 in,
N. of Liepe.
V I SI A POUR, E. Ion. 7 V Lt. 16.
4^. a city of thehithir peninfnla of
India, in Afia, in the pr. cf Decan,
fit. 130 m. N. E. of Goa, r?'luced
by Auren^zebe, the Gieat Mogul,
anno 16C5, and has been fub. to the
Mogul empire ever fince.
VisTui-A, or Wei sEL, a river
of Poland, rifes in the mountains
on the S. of Silcfia, and uins tirfl
Eaft, paffing by the city of Cracow j
after which it turns N. palhng by
Waifaw, and cnntinviing its courle
ilill N. falls into the Baltic fca bclovr
Dantzick.
ViTiRBO, E. Ion. 12. 4,'. Uf.
41. 16. a city of Itily, in the l'o| e's
ter. and St. Peter's patrimony, fit,
15 m. N. of Rome.
V I T T O R I A . See VlCTORli^,
ViTBV, E. Ion. 4, 50. lat. 45J.
45. a tyvvn 1^^ France, ia the '^r. «»»'
N n 1 Cham«
U L
U N
Champaign, fit. on the riircr Marne,
46 m. S. H. of Rheims.
ViviERs, E. ion. 4. 45. lat.
44.. 30. a city cf France, in the pr,
cf Langufdoc, cap. of the Vivarcz,
fit. on the river Rhone, 20 m. N.
of Orange.
Ukrain Russian, a pr. of
Mufcovy, bounded by the pr. of
Zcrnigoff on the N. by Belgorod and
the Don ColFacks on the E. by Little
Tartary, and the country of the Old
CofTacks, en the S. and by Volhinia,
«r the Po!i/h Ukrain, nn the W. and
Is called the Ukiain, as being a fron-
titr againft Turky.
UtADistAw, E. Jon, 15. ht.
53. a city of Poland, in the pr. of
fJ'eat Poland, and pal. of B.efte,
fit. ca the river Borifthenes, 80 im,
N W. of Warfaw.
Ulierbeck, £. Ion. 4. 40. lat,
51. a town of the Auftrian Nether-
hn'h, in the pr. of Brabant, fit. 11
m. S. E. of Mechlin, or Malines, and
ft m. E. of L uvain.
Ui.M, R. Ion. 10. lat. 48. 24.
a city of Germany, in the circle of
Suabia, fit. at the confluence of the
rivers Danube and Il.'er, 35 m. W.
•f Aufbiirg, and 90 m. S.W. of Ra-
tifbon, an imperial tity, governed by
its own magiftratcs, and has a large
ter. of forty lordfliips under its jurif-
didion, and may be reckoned the
capital of Suabia, being the largefl
«i'y ill it, very populous, and a place
©f ^ond trade, the people excellent
mechanics, efpecially in clock-work,
and iron and ftecl manufadhires.
The mapiftrates are all Lutherans,
at are moft of the inhabitants.
Ulmen, E. Ion. 6. 36. lat. 50.
17. a town of Germany, in the cir.
cf the Lower Rhine, and Elcftorate
of Triers, fit, 30 miles N, E. of
Trier..
\/* s T E a , the moft northern pro-
vince of Ireland, bounded by the
Atlantic ocean on the W. and N. by
the Irifh channel on the E. and by
the provinces of Lcinfter and Con-
raujiht on the S. being 135 m. in
Jcngih from £. to W. and about 100
m. broad from N, to S. the chief
town Londonderry.
Ultzen, E. Ion, 10. 35. Jat,
53. 15. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Lower Saxony, and D. of Lu-
nenburg, fit. on the river Ilmenau,
25 m. S. of Lunenburg, fub. to the
Eleftor of Hanover.
Ulverston, W.lon.2. 55. lat,
54. 12. a market town of Lancafliire,
fit. on a bay of the Iri/h channel, 11
m. N. W, of La..cafter.
Uma, E, Ion. r8. 20. lat. 63,
50. a town of Swedish Lapland, cap.
of the ter. of Uma, fit. at the mouth
of the river Uma, on the Bothnic
gulph, 280 m. N. of Stockholm. It
is built of wood, and was iwrce
burnt down by the Rufiians in the
Jate wars. Here the governor of
Weft Bothnia refides j Una Lapmark
being one of the divifions of that
province,
Umbriatica, E. Ion, 17, 35,
lat. 39. 15. a town of Italy, in the
K. of Naples, and pr. of the Hither
CaJabiia, fit. 8 m. N. E. of St. Se-
vcrino,
Underwald, a canton of
Switzerland, bounded by Switz and
Lucern on the N. by Uri on the
E. and by another part of Lucern
on the W. being about 25 m. long,
and almoft as many broad. It is a
mountainous and barren country, and
has not one great town in it. The
people papifts.
Ungiiwar, E. Ion. 21,30. lat,
48. 40. a city of Upper Hungary,
fit. near the foot of the Catpathian
mountains, 40 m. N.E. of Tockay,
fub. to the houfe of Aufiria,
United Netherlands, con-
fift of the provinces of Holland,
Zealand, Friclland, Groningen, O-
veryfTel, Geldcrland, with Zutphen
and Utrecht, and are bounded by the
German fea on the N, and W. by
the cir of Weftphalia, in Germany,
on the £. and by Flanders, Brabant,
and the D. of Cleves on the S. lying
between 3 degrees 20 min. and 7
degrees 30 min. E. Ion. and between
51, 35 min, and 52 degrees 40 min.
Na
U N
U N
-»
IX
of
and
the
icern
is a
and
The
con-
and,
O-
phen
/ the
. by
any,
tant,
iving
id 7
A'cen
m»n.
N.
N. lat. and are about 50111. long,
aud as many broad, including the
Zuyder Tea, which takes up a con-
fijcrable fpacc wiihin thcfe limits.
This is a flat level country, lying
on the mouths cf fcveral great ri-
vers, and cut through with numerous
canals, which form a multitude of
little iflands, liable to be overflowed
by inundations of the Tea, as well as
by land floods, the feas and rivers
appearing higher than the land in
niany places, and only kept out by
dikes, prodigious banks of earth,
which have been broken down in
feme parts, and towns laid under
water, the tops of fteeplcs and towns
where they flood being vifiblc at
low water. But as part of the
country has been loft by inundations,
a great deal more has been gain'd
by diaining and damming out tlie
fea. >,,^
The air of this watry country Fs
very bad, and the lives of the natives
not fo lon<j as thofe who dwell in
drier and more elevated fituations.
As to the foil of the provinces
which lie next the fea, particularly
on the Weft coaft of HoliuiiJ, there
lies a ridge of fand hills, u. So miles
extent, which break the tary of the
ocean^ but produce fcarce any her-
bage ) but beyond thefe fauds are
rich paflures and arable lands, cr a
Ipungy boggy foil, out of which they
dig the turf, which is almoft the.r
only firing. Their meadow and
pafturc is moft of it under water in
winter, which, on the return of
fummer, is titlicr dried up, or thrown
out with wind-mills,, and the wattr
leaves a fit oufc or fiimu behind it,
which makes the foil cxceeuing
fruitful, on whuh ihey fat the Ic.m
cattle they puichaic in the North,
and make ^rodigio'is quantities of
butler and cliccie j but the counuy
dies not produce cr>rn enour.b for ilicir
ful)lillance j nutwithlUiuimg which,
they iuve as great plenty of it ..s any
naiion in Europe ; as tiivy have lu-
died of the prodi)'-c of evciy coun-
Uy } tui in ihefc ^1 evince;) arc ai'%i-
zincs of every thing the earth pro*
duces that is valuable, purchafed
when cheap, and o^ten fold when
they are dear to the very countries
from whence they fetched them :
aud great part of the merchandize
they import, is manufadured in the
country, and exported again to great
advantage. They have very con-
fiderable raanufadlures of fllk, vel-
vet, linen, and woollen j and they
build more fliips than any nation of
Europe, having always prodigious
magazines of fliip timber and naval
ftores, infoinuch that 'tis faid they
can build and fit out a man of war
every day of the year.
One great fource of their wealth
is their fifliery j that of whales they
have almoft rr nopolized, and that
of herrings is more valuable to theoi
tiian to all the world befldes j and
their cod-fi(hery is equal to that ot*
any other nation.
The fins fpiccs they have mono-
polized, having drove the Spaniards,
Portuguefe, Engljfh, and every other
nation, from the iilands where they
grow, and feuing what price they
pleafe upo.i them j with thcfe they
purchafc the produce of every other
country almoft, and very fe|don»
have occafion to lend tl>eir fpecie
away.
The United Provinces are a confe-
deracy of fcveral independent ftates j
every province, and every city almofl
is a feparuie ftate, and not bound by
the determination of the States Ge-
neral, till th:;ii confcnt is had. As
the States Geneial cannot make war,
peace or alluuces, or levy taxes,
witiujut the content of every pro-
vince ; neither cdu thcftales of .;ny
prov.iKe dctiimin? any tiiiiig of this
kmd, withwu: ths ci aient of tvery
city and petty re|iubl c :n it.
'i he bt-tck of Moliaid conlift of
the depatics or repoUntaiivcb < f the
nuliility, and of 1^ cities, muking
in all 19 \oiccs, of vvhiih the ng-
bilry h.i\t oiiiy one.
1,1 the c t) of A^iftcrdam, th«
fjviu-i^ii (.'owcr i« loi'^sid ill 3C lena-
N .1 3 tori,
U N
V o
tt>r», who contiirae members of the
fenate tor life ; and when one dies^
the rurviving fenatots ele^l another
in his room ; the people have no«
thing to do in the choice ; and the
fenatc eledts the deputies Po be fent
to the States of Holland, and ap<
points the Burgo^mafters and Efche-
vins, whu may be refemblcd to the
fnayor and aldermen. The penGoner
jiiiy be refetnbled to the recorder,
vho is always a perfon well verfed
in the civil law and cuftoms of the
country ; and tho' he be inferior to
the fenators, has a very great influ-
ence on tl)e ilate, and is ufually ap-
plied to by foreign miniflers.
The conftitution of the govern-
ment in other cities does not differ
much from that of Amflerdam : the
power is lodged in the principal ma-
gifttates, and the people have no Oiire
in it, or in the election of their go*
veinors.
The States General confift ef the
reprei'entatives of the feven United
Provinces, who At conftantly at the
Hague; and no Stadtholder, gover-
nor, or military offico-, can fie and
vote iti the afiembly of thr States
(ieneraJ. Each province appoints a
prefident of this- aliembly in their
Turns, who is changed once a week.
He fits in the middle of a long table,
which will hold about thirty perfonr,
the ufual number of which the States
(General are compofed ; every pro-
vince deputing what number of tc-
prefentativc» ♦hey pleafe; tho' all
that are deputed by a iiogle pro-
vince have but one voice; and livhen
the States Genaai haverefoived on
any thing relating to peace or war,
alliances or taxes,- it mufV be fent to
every province and city, which is a
A'vcreign Ilate, to be approved and
T.-tified.
Tlte Hutch ufually raife annually
b'^ween two and three millions Oerl.
»n time of peace, out of which are
paid their land fbrce«, confining of
a;,ooo mvn, fareigncrs as well as
national troopa, particularly Swita-
en and dcuts j moJ they hwt fei-
dom lefs than fifty men of war in
Commiilion, Befides the troops aheadj
mentioned, the Dutch ufed to keep
15 or 20,oco more in the barrier
towns, for maintaining of v^hich
they received the lum of 500,000
crowns per annum, out of the re-
venues of the AuHrian Netherlands,
Their taxes are raifed by an aimed
general excife, and in time of war
there is ufsally a poll-tax, a land*
tax, and chimney or hearth moneys
levied. But every province and city
vary their taxes as they fee fit, if
they provide the quota demanded of
them, the States General give no
direftions as to the method of raif.
ing it : but though the Dutch tx
every thing that is confur ^ at
home, by eating, drinking, c.ath^
ing, &c. they take care that ttie
duties on merchandize ihall be ex-
tremely low both on irr.portation
and exportation, which makes their
country a free port in a manner, ard
draws moft of the traffic cf Europe
thither.
Unna, E. lon> 7. 15. lat. 51.
a5. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Weflphalia and county of Mark,
fit. 3-5 m. 9. of Munftcr, fubjeft to
the K. of Pruflia.
Unna, a river of Bofnla, wh'ch
rtms from S; to N. through thnt
province, and afterwards from W.
to B. between Croatia and Bofnia,
falling into the Save, and forming
part of the boundary between Chii-
itendom and Turky.
VoonzRA, E. ion. 9. lo. ht.
44, 50. a towiT of Italy, in the D.
of Milan and ter. of Pavia, fit. S. of
the river Po, 15 m. S.W. of Pavia.
VoiOHTtANB, the South divi-
fion of Mifnia, in the cir, of Upper
Saxony, in Germany, the chief tuwn
Plawcn, fubje£l to the King of To-
land as Eleftor of Saxony.
VoKELMApr, or WOLICIC.
MARX, 1. ion. 14. 40. lat. 47. a
town of Germany, in the cir. of
Auftria and U. of Carinthia, fit. on
the rivet Bravf; x6 m. E. of Cla-
genfurtt r v» "-'
VotANO,
U P
u s
ir. of
fit. on
VoLANO, ot Valona, fi. loa.
13. lat. 44. 50. a port town of
Italy, in the Pope's ter. and D. of
Ferrara, fit. on one of the mouths
of the Fo, on the gulph of Venice,
40 m. £. of Ferrara.
VOLHINIA, or VOLONIA, a
firovince of Poland, bounded by Po-
cfu on the N. by the Lower Vol-
hinia orUi(rain(in the ter. of RuiTia)
on the £. by Podolia on the S. and
by the province of Red RuiTia on
the W, the chief town Luko.
VoLTA, a river oi> the Guiney
coaf}, in Africa, which runs from
N. to S. and falls into the ocean, £*
of A era.
VoLTiRRA, E, long.. 11. 50.
lat. 43. 1-, a town of Italy, in the
D. of Tulcany, ftt, 23 m, S. cf
Florence.
Vol TU BAR A, E, Ion. 16. lat,
41. 20. a town of Italy, in the iL,
of N.iples and pr. of the Capitinate,
fit. 55 m. N". E, of Naples city,
VoLTURNo, a river of Naples^
which rifes in the pr, of Molife, and
pafTing by Benevento, runs £. by
Capua, falling into the gulph of
Gaieta, a bay of the Tufca;i fei.
VooRN, one of the ifiands of
Holland, bounded by the river Maes,
tirhich divides it from the continent,
and the ifland of Ifslemunde on the
N. by the fea railed the Biefl>bofch
on the £. by another braocb of the
Maes, which divides it from the
iflands of Goree and Overfhckee, on
the S. and by the German (c* on the
"W, being 24 m. long and 5 broad ;
the cap. city the Briel, which lies
on the N. W. part of the iibnd, as
Hclvoetfloys docs upon the S. W.
VouTKNAi, E, Ion. 3.46. lat.
47. 28. a town of France, in the
D. if Burgundy, fit. 20 m, S. E. of
Auxerre, and 40 m. N. E. of Ne-
Ters.
Upr.AND, a province of Sweden,
bounded by the province of Geftricia
on the N. W. by the Baltic fca on
the N. E. and S. K. and by Sunder,
land andWeftmania on the S. and W.
UtSAif E, ion. ij. 30. lat. 6q,
•iwre the cap. of the pr. «f Upland
and of all Sweden, fit. 40 m. N. of
Stockholm, in the middle of a large
plain, on the river Sala. The only
archbiftop's fee in Scandinavia, ani
an univerfity.
Uppingham, W. Ion. 45 min,
lat. 52. 36. a market town of Rut-
land, iit. 6 m. S. of Okeham.
Ufton, W.Ion. 2. 15, lat. 52.
6. a market town of Worcc/lerlhue,
fit. 9 m. S. of Wbrcefter.
XTnACVA, the we(lern divifion
of the pr. of Laplata in S. America,
fub. to Spain.
Uranburg, E, long. 13. 15^
lat. 55. 57. a caftle of Denmark,
fjt, on the little ifland of Hucn in
the Sound, r6 m. N. E. of Copen*
hagen. LiiJUt]^. 1'. Ji.U d
URBrNo, iprovL-ice cf Italy, in
the Pope's ter. is bounded by Ro-
mania and the gulph of Venice oa
the N. and E. by the marq, of An- ,;.
cnna on the S. and by Tufcany o» ■*
the W, being 70 m. long, and from
xo to 50 broad. « 1 i
Urbjno city, E. Ion. 13. i^o»
lat, 43. 40. cap. ^ the D, cf Ur-
bino, fit. 60 m. N. W. of Ancona,
a little well built populous city.
Here the celebtated painter Raphael
was born.
Urcbl, E. ion. I. 15. lat. 4z.
^6. a town of Spain, in the pr. of
Catalonia, cap. at the ter. of Urgel,
fiu on the river Segra, 75 m. N. of
Baroelona.
Uei, one of the cantons of
Svi/itzerland, bounded by that of
Swrtz on the N. by Claris and the
Grifens on the £. by Underwald on
the S. and by the canton of Bern on
the W. There is no wall'd town
in tliis canton. The inhabitants ate
Papifts.
UscopiA. Sfe ScopiA.
Us EDO M, an ifland of Pomcrania
in Germany, ftt. at the mouth of
the river Oder in the Baltic fea, the
paiTage betwc n which and the ifland
of Wollin is called the Swin. It Ts
fobj«i£l to the K.ing of Pruftla, who,
bj being poflciTed ot thcfe iiiandi,
com-
U T
U Z
commands the navigation of the ri-
ver Oder.
UsERCHE, E. Ion. I. 32. lat.
45. 30. a town of France, in the
pr. of Guienne, and ter, of Limorin,
lit, 20 m. S. of Limoges.
UsHANT, W. Jon. 5. lat. 48.
o. an ifland of France, fit. 15 m.
^
of the coaft of Biitany, ai ihe
entrance of the Briftoi channel. ,
UsK, W. Ion. 3. lat. 51. 45.
a market town of Monnjouihfliire,
fit, on the river L jic, 10 m. S. VV,
of Monmouth.
UsK, a river of Wales, which
rifes on the W. of Brecknockfhire,
and runs S. E. through that co. and
Monmouth, falHng into the mouth
of the Severn, having paflcd by the
towns of Biecoo, uike, and New-
port,
UsTiAKO, E. Ion, 10, 36. Jat.
45. 15. a town of Italy, in tho: D.
or Milan, and ter. of (Jrcmoria, ht.
i^ on the river Oglio, 45 m. S. E. of
Milan, fub. to the houfc of Au-
l!ria.
Utica, the prefent Byserta,
E. ion. 9. 30. lat. 37. a port to.vn
of Tunis, in Africa, fit. on a fine
bay of the Met'iterranean fed, 30 m,
N, W, of the ruins of Carthage,
Utoxeter,W. lort. 1, 50, lat,
52. 50, a market town of StafForJ-
fliire, fit. 12 m. N.E. of StafTbrd.
Utrecht, one of the united jno-
vinces of the Netherlands, is bouiiJeJ
by the Zuyder fea, and part of Hyl-
land on the N. by GeldcrJand on the
E. and S. and by another part of
Holland on the W, being about 25
m, lonjj, and as many broaJ. This is
tne of the moft plcafant aiid health-
ful prtvinces in the united Nether-
Lads, being firm ground, and very
little bog and moral's, as mui\ of the
other provinces are.
Utrecht City, E. Ion, 5,
lat. 52. 7. cap. of the province of
Utrecht, in the tJnited Netherlands,
fir. on the channel of the old Rhine,
%-\ miles S. E, of Amflerdam, and
25 miles' N. p. of Koitcidam. A
Urge pofulgus well buijc cit/i thit
refidcnce of a great many people of
diftindion, who refort hiiher on ac-
crunt of the good.icfs of the air, and
the pleafaiitnefs of the (ituation, ai.d
have built feveral haiiJfome feats in
it. It is fortified, but not enccm-d
a place of ftrength, at Jeaft the in-
habitartts did not think fit to gi-.e
the French king, Lev\is XIV. tl.e
trouble of beficging them, but opi:,.-
ed their gates to him when he in-
vaded the United Provinces, antio
1672, and he kept his court in liiis
city more than a year. Hcie the
pcdcs was made between the Aliies
anJ France, anno 17 13, in the ic.gn
of Queen Anr.e, It is a very fitu-
nfhing univerfity, to which n».u.y
Engiifh lads relort, whofe relations
are fanatically imlincd, or in love
with a republican lorm of govern-
ment j but the fludents wear noiii-
ftinguifhing habits, or refide in cvl-
leges, as in linglund, tut every one
lodges where b«, fees fit. One in-
ducement the Engh/h have for knJ-
ing their fens hither, alfo, is the
cheapnel's of their education j but as
they may fave fomething this way,
on the other hand they lie under
one very great d; fad vantage, name-
ly, that there are no fellowships or
preferments to be exp^ded on take-
ing their degrees here j and a Ducth
degree in any fcience is not etlctmcd
any great rtcommendation,
VxBRiDGZ, W, Ion. 23 min. lat.
51, 31. a market town of iVliddie.'tx,
fit, on the liver Culne, 15 m. W. of
London.
UZBECK, or OUSBECK, TaR-
tarv, the preient Bochara, is
bounded by Calmuck Taitary on tl'.e
N. by Tiyet (jn the E. by iiJia ar.J
Perfia on the S, and by a gieut de-
fart, whith lepaiites it from the
Cafpian fea, on the W. What ll;C
exadl limits of this country ;'te, at
prcfent, is not ealy to deternunc j
but as it wab the kingdom of the
Great TamcrlanTie, it was once very
extcnfive y and the kingdoms of In-
dia, Perfiii and Tiirky, if not China,
wcie tlivu dep cjid;nl i^a it^ and from
W A
W A
Tar-
\, is
in tlis
a ar.J
t dc-
; li;C
Jiim the fovereigns of India nnJ l*er-
fia derive their pedigree j but what
remains of Ufbeck Tartary or Boc-
hara at prefent, was made tributary
to the late Kculi Khan, who donn-
ed anJ plundered their capital city
Bochara. Ui'beck Tartary is a fruit-
ful country, and terr,peratc cl mate,
and well fit. for traffic, lying between
Perfia, India, China, and RulTia }
and accordingly it appears that Kouli
Khan, their conqueror, found very
great riches in the city of Bochara
when he took it,
UzF.s, E. ion. 4. 30. Int. 44. a
town of France, in the p'. of Lan-
guedoc, and co. of Nifmes, fit, 16
m, N. of Nifmes.
W A
WAAO, a river of Hunga-
ry, rifes in the Carpathian
mountains, on the confines of Poland,
and running fit ft from E. to W. then
turns S. and pafTing by LcopoldRadt,
falls into the Danube, oppofite to the
ifland of Schut.
Waal, a river of the United Ne-
therlands, being one of the branches
of the Rhine, which runs from E.
to W. through the Betue, in the pr.
of Gelderland, pafling by Nimeguen,
Tiel, liommel and Gorcum, and con-
tinuing its courfe eaftward, unites its
waters with the Maes, and pafiing
by Dorf, falls into the German Tea
below the Briel.
Waes, the N.E. divifion of Flan-
ders, part whereof is fubjcd to the
Dutch.
Waciningkn, E, Ion, 5. 35.
lat. 52. a town of the United Pro-
vinces, in the pr, of Gelderland, fit.
on the rich Lech, 8 m. N. W. of
Nimeguen.
Waoria, the eaftern divifion of
the D. of Holftein, in the cir. of
Lower Saxony, in Germany, bound'
ed by the Baltic fe?, en the N. E#
and S.
Waigrats Straits, E. Ion,
6c. lat, 70. fituated between Nova
Zembia and Rufii.i, through which
the Dutch failed to the North m
hgh as 75, in order to difcovcr a
N.E. pafiagc to China and the E.
Indies.
Wainfleit. E. Ion. 30 mtn,
lat. 53. 10. a mnrket town of Lin-
colr.fhire, fit. 35 m. E. of Lincoln.
Wakefieid, W. Ion. i. 22,
lat. 53. 40. a market town in the
Weft Riding of Yorkfiiire, fit. on
the river Caulder, 2± m. S, W. of
York.
WALAcitiA, pr. ofTurky, in
Europe, bounded by the Iion-gatc
mountains, which fepnrate it from
Tranfilvdnia on the N, W. by Mol-
davia on the N.E. by the river Da-
nube, which leparatcs it from the pr,
of Bulgaria, on the S. £. and by the
fame river, which feparates it from
the pr. of Servia, on the S.W. being
200 m. long, and 100 broad, blelTed
with a temperate air, and fruitful
foil, producing excellent cor. =, wine,
oil, pafture, and all manner of Eu-
ropean fruits ; abundnnce of oxen
and /heep, and an excellent breed of
horfes ; but with all thefe advanta-
ges, very unhappy under the Turk ilh
tyranny j for they are heavily taxed,
and obliged to bring as many forces
into the field as the Grand Signior
requires, at their own charges j and
tho' he fuffers ihcm to be governed
by a native of the country, he ap-
points whom he pleafes for their go-
vernor or prince, as he is called, with-
out any regard to one family more
than another, and depcfec him as
often as he fees fit. The cniy jhing
they are indulged in, is a Trte exer-
cife of their religion, which is the
Chriftian, of the Greek commrnion,
which they appre'ricnd they /Ticuld
not be, if they fubmitted to the Ger-
mans ; ar>d this makes them the more
faithful to the Turks, and lefs in-
clined to fubmit to princes of the
Roman Catholic communion.
Wai.,
W A
W A
Walchiren, the chief cf the
!flands of Zeland, in the Ujjited Pro-
vinces, feparated from the iflands of
N. and S, Bevcland, by a narrow
channel, and from Dutch Flanders
by the mouth of the Scheld, and
furrounded on every other part by
the German fea. The chief town of
the ifland, and of the whole pr. of
Zeland, is Middleburg. This iflanJ
is about 9 m. long, and 3 broad,
lies very low, and is fubjefl to inun-
dations, and not healthful j but it is
generally fruitful, having good arable
and pafiuic lands. Among other
towns are thofe of Flu/hing and Ter-
vecr, which belong to the P. of
Orange,
Wai-court, E. Ion. 4. 20, Jat.
50. 20. a town of Hainalt, fit. on
the confines of Namur, 8 m, S. of
Charleroy.
Waldec, E, Ion. 8. 50. lat,
51. 15. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of the Upper Rhine, and land.
grav. of HefTe Cafiel, 20 m. S. W.
of HefTe Caflel city, fub. to Count
Waldec.
Walden, E. Ion, 15 min. lat,
52. 5, a market town of Efiex, fir.
25 m, N.W. of Chelmsford, ufualiy
called Saffron Walden, fiom the Saf-
fron grounds about it.
Waldenses. SeeVAUDOis.
Waldshut, E. Ion. 8. l.t. 47.
40. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Suabia, fit, on the river Rhine,
40 m, W, of Conftance, a forefi
town, fubjeft to the houle of Au-
flrla.
Wales, a principality in theW.
of England, comprehending la coun-
ties, bounded by Che/hire, Shiopfliire,
Herefordfhire, and Monmouthrtiire
on the E. and furrounded by the (en
called the Iri/h channel, on the N,
W. and S.
Wales New, the S. W. coaft
of Hudfon's bay, in N. America, fo
called ; now pofleffed by the Englifh
Hudfon's bay company,
Walkenreid, or Valken-
AI£T| £« Ion, 10. 45. lat. 51, 37.
^.'S.|^i.,^^)
a town of Germany, in the cir. cf
Upper Saxony, and ter. of Thurm-
pia, fit. 20 m. S.W. of Halber.
flat.
Wallincford, W. Ion i. g,
lat. 51. 36, a borough ttwii <:■', Hfrk^
/hire, fir, on the river 'i i.-i'-;!-:, j7
m. N. cf Reading.
Wa l l n s, the natives of
Fl.-'ndera, and the reft of the Auflridn
and French Netherlands^ ufualiy fo
called.
Walpo, E. Jon. 19. 20. l.it,
45. 55. a town of Sdavouia, fi^. on
the liver Walpu, 35 m. N. E. of
Pofega, fub. to the hgufe of Au.
ftria,
Walsall, W. Ion. 2. lat. 52.
37. a market town of StafTorUil.ne,
fit. 13 m. S. of Stafford.
Walsham, E, Icn. i. 30. lat,
52. 50. a market town of Norfolk,
iir. II m. N. of Norwich.
Wals INGHAM, E, Ion. I. lat,
52. 56. a mnrket town of Norfolk,
fit. 18 m. N. W. of Norwich.
Walt HAM, VV. loi^, 46 mio,
Jat. 52. 47. a market town of Lei-
ct-ficrfiiire, fit, 16 m. N.E. of Lei-
cefter.
Wan GEN, E. Ion. 9. 45. lat,
47. 33. a market town of Geimjiiy,
in the cir. of Suabia, fit. 23 m, E,
of Conftance.
Wantage, W. Ion. i. 22. lat,
51. 34. a market town of Berk/hire,
fit. 15 m. S. of Oxford.
Waradin Great, E. Ion. 21,
50. lat. 47. 15. a town of Up er
Hungary, fit. ico m. E. of Buda,
fub. to the houfe of Auflria.
Waradin Little, E. Ion. ti.
20. ht. 48. i3. a town of Upper
Hungary, fit. 23 m. E, of Tockay,
See Peterwaradin.
Warbridge, W. Ion. 5. 16. lat,
50 37. a market town of Cornwall,
fituate 25 miles Weft: of Laun-
cellon.
Warburg, E. Ion. 8. 50. lat.
51. 35. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of Weftphalia, fit, 20 m, S. E,
of Paderborn.
Warphvys,
W A
W A
WardhuySjE. Ion. aS. lat. 71,
a purt town of Norwegian Lapland,
fit, 120 m. S. E. of the North Cape,
on a very fmall ifland near the con-
tinent. It confifts of an old fort,
the refidence of the governor of the
pr. of Wardhuys, and a ftreet of
poor cottages ; and this is the only
town of the pr. (which is Tub. to the
K. of Denmark.)
Ware, under the meridian of
London, lat. 51. 50. a market town
of Hevtfordrtiire, fit. on the river
Lea, 20 m. N. of London, and 2
m. E. of Hertford. Great quan-
tities of malt and corn are fent to
London from Ware continually by
the river Lea j and at Amwell, with-
in a mile of Ware, is one of the
fources of the new river, which fup-
plies London wiih water.
Wareham, W. Ion. z. 15. lat.
50. 45. a borough town of Dorfet-
ihire, fit. 17 m. E. of Dorchefler j
fends two members to parliament,
Warminster, W. Ion. 2. 16.
lat. 51. 18. a market town of Wilt-
/hire, lit. 17 m. N. W. of Sahf-
luiy.
Warnemunde, E. Ion. i2, 15.
lat. 54. 30 a town of Geimanv, in
the cir. of Lcwei- Saxony, and D, of
Mecklenburg, fit. on the Baliic fea,
25 m. N. E. of V/ffmar.
Warneton, E. bn, 2. 50.
lat. 50. 47. a town of the Auftrian
Netherlands, in the pr. of Flanders,
fir. on the river Lys, 7 m, N. W.
of Lifie.
Warrington, W. Ion. 2. 32,
lat. 52. 26. a maket town of Lanca-
Ihlre, fit. 17 m, E. of Liverpool.
Warsovia, or Massovia, a
pr. of Poland, bounded by Pruifia
on the N. by Polachia on the E. by
the pr. of Little Poland on the S.
aad by the pr, of Great Poland on
the W. -. ^
Warsaw, E, Ion. 21. 5. lat. 52,
Ij. cap. of Warfovia, and of the IC,
or Poland, fit. on the river Vifl'ila,
150 m. N. of Cracow, and i;c S.
ot Dantzick. Ic is a large populous
city, and here tLe diet oi aircoibly
4
of the ftates meet, and the king ha*
feveral magnificent palaces. In the
plains near this city, the gentlemen
of Poland meet on horfeback, to
eledl their king, and lie encamped on
the plains till the eleftion is over.
War TA, a river of Poland, which
rifes in the pr. of Little Poland, and
running N. W, through the pr. of
Great Poland, pafTes by the city of
Pofna, and having entered Branden-
burg, falls into the river Oder at
Kuftrin.
Warta, E. Ion. 23. lat. 52. i8.
a town of Poland, in the pr. ot Great
Poland, and pal, of Siradia, fit. on tl.e
river Wui ta, 57 m. S. E. of Polna.
Wartenburc, E. Ion. 17, 20,
lat. 51. Z2. a town of the K. of Bo-
hemia, and D. of Silefia, fit. near the
confines of Poland, 20 m, N. E. of
Brciiaw.
Warwick County, fit. al-
mofl in the middle of England, is
bounded by Stafiord/hire and Lei-
cefteilhire on the N. by Northamp-
t;)n(hire on the E. by Oxfoidflnre
and Gloceilerlhire on the S. and by
Worcefterfhire on the W.
Warwick, W, Ion. i. 32. lat.
52. 20, the CO. town of Warwick.
Ihire, fit. on the river Avon, So m.
N. V/. of London. This is one of
tiie beft built towns in England.
Warwick, E. Ion. 3. Ut. 50.
48, a town of the Auftrian Neiher-
linds, in the j.r. of Flanders, fit. on
the river Lys, S m. S. E, of Ypres.
Waseigne, E. Ion, 4. 55. lat,
50, 40. a town of the Auftrian Ne-
th'.-rlanus, in the pr. of Namur, fit,
9 m. N. of the city of Namur,
Watchet, W. Ic
lat.
, T< . Ion. 3. 25
51. 15. a market town of Somerfet-
fhire, fit. on Briftol channel, 12 m.
N. W. of Biidgcwater.
Waterfokd, a county of Trr-
land, in the pr. of Munder, bound-
ed by the county of Tipperary on
the N. by Kilkenny and W^exford
on the E. by the ocean on the S.
and by the county of Cork on the
W. being about 46 m, long, and 24
broad.
Water-
!:
¥.
1'
li
W E
W E
Wat F.R FORD, W. Ion. 7. lat.
52. 12. a city and port town, cap.
of the county of WaterforJ, fit. on
riic liver Sure, 8 m. N. of the fea,
and 25 m. S. ot K.ilkenny, one of
die Lirgcfl cities of Irelana, and has
a good foreign trade.
Watlington, W. Ion. i. lat.
5t. 37. a market town of Oxford-
fliire, fii. 12 .n. S. E. of Oxford,
VVatt ON, E. Ion. I. Jat. 52.
3*8. a market town of Norfolk, fit,
r6 m. S. W. of Norwich.
Wavre. SecG.WEREN.
WiEK, or Wyck, W. loo, 1,
45. lat. 58. 40. a borough and pott
town of Scotland, in tha (hire of
Cathnd's, fit. on the German fca,
20 m. S, of Dungfbyheud.
WERN,or Hu£N,£.loa. 13. 15.
ht.55. 59. a little ifland in the Sound,
being the entrance to the Baltic Tea,
fit. 16 m. N. of Copenhagen, fub.
to Denmark.
WxiDKN, £. long. 12. 12. a
town of Germany, in the palatinate
of Bavaria, fit. on the river Nab,
15 m. N. of Amberg.
Weil, or Weyi., E, long. 8.
40. lat, 48. 40. a city of Germany,
in the cir. of Suabia and D. of Wir-
temburg, fit. 12 m. W. of Stut-
gart j an imperial city, fubjed: to its
own magidratei.
WeiLBUKO, E. Ion. 8. 5. lat.
50. 28. a town of Germany, m the
ter. of Weteravia and county of
Naifau, Cn. on the river Lohn, 26
ni. N. ot Frankfort.
Weimar, E. Ion. 11. 25. lat.
51. a city of Germany, in the cir.
ot Upper Saxony, and ter. of Thu-
ringia, cap, of the D. of Wcmar,
snd fubjcd to the D. of Saxc Wei-
mar.
Weinoarten, E. Ion. 8. 16.
]a». 49. a town of Germary, in the
palat. of the Rhine, lit. near the E.
iide of the Rhine, 25 m. S. W. of
Hcidelburg, fub. to the Llcdtor I'alat,
Weinheim, E. Ion. 8. 30, lat.
49. 30. a town if Germany, in the
pal. of the Rhine, fir. »o m, N. of
HcidelOuri;.
Wkisbaden,E. Ion. 8. lat. 50.
6. a town of Germany, in the ter,
of Wetteravia and county of Naflau,
fit. 14 m. W. of Frankfort.
WEISCHELMUNDEjOrMuNnE,
E. Ion. 24. lat. 54,, a fort of Pu.
li(h l?rufljd^ fit at '.:he mouth of the
river Vifiula, v;hich defends the
harbour of Dantzick, 23 miles N.
of Marienburg.
Weisel river. See Vi •
STULA.
We iesenburg, or Cro.v-
WEISSENBURG, E. long. 7. 50.
lat. 49. a town of Germany, in the
cir. of the Upper Rhine and Ian. of
AllVtce, fit. on the river Liuter, 20
m. S. W. of Philipibuig, fubjed to
France,
Wetssenburc, or St ul we is-
SENBURG, E. Ion. 18. 30. lat. 47,
22. a city of Lower Hungary, lir.
near the Eaft end of the Flatten fca,
36 m. S. W. of Buda, fubjcft to
the houfe of Auftria.
Weissenburg, £. Ion. 11. lat,
49. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Fianconia, fit. on the river Rc-
gnits, 20 m. N. W. of Ingolftat.
Weissenburg, E. Ion, 23. 15,
laf. 46. 35?. a town of Trandiva-
nia, fsu 30 m. W. of Hermanltat,
fub. to the houfe of Auliria.
WKisffNrEEP, E. Ion. It. 8,
lat. 51. iz. a town of Germany, in
the cir. of Upper Sixony, and mar.
of Mifnla, fit. on the river Sala, 17
m.S. W. of Leipfick, fuljcdl to the
Eledor of Saxony.
Welchpoi. r, W. Ion. 3. 10.
Int. 52. 42. a markfttown of Moiit-
gomer>fliife, in Wales, fit. 6 w, N.
of Montgomery.
Wei. IS, W. Ion. 2. 35. lat. 51.
20. a rity of Somerfcifhirc, fit. 16
m, S. W. of the city of Bath j both
which cities hive but one biftiop.
Wells, E. Ion. 14. lat. 4S. 6.
a town of Get many, in the cir. of
Auftria, fit. 11 m. S, of Lintz.
Wr.M AND, a river th.it rifes in
Leiccrteilhire, and runs eaftward be-
twcen the counties of Rutland and
Northampton, and afterwards N. E.
by
W E
W E
to
Is.
mar.
J, 17
10 the
m. N.
at. 51.
fit. 16
} both
op.
4.S. 6*
cir. of
z.
ifes in
ird bf.
nd and
N. E.
by Stnmfi-rrd, anJ tlir.mgh tlie T-cwth
i1i\irion of Lincolnfhiic, inllcd flul-
land, hliing into a bay of the Ger-
man fVi, which diviLCs ihe coun-
t;rs of Linci'ln and NoiToik.
Wk Lr. rNcnoROUGH, W. lone.
4:] n>;n. lat. 52. 20. a market town
of N' ithHaiptonfliiic, fir. on tht; ri-
ver Ncn, 10 m. N, E. cf North-
am pf'on.
V/ellinctok, W. Ion. i, 30.
ht. 52. .^5. a market tov.n ff Shrop-
lliirc, fit. TO in. E. of Shrewfbury.
Wf.m, \V, Ion. 2 42. lat. 52.
50, a market town ot Shropfhirj,
fir. S in. N. of Shrcvvfljury.
Wfnpover, W. Ion. 45 min,
i't. 51. .40. a br.rough town of l^ucks,
fir. 6 m. b. of Ailefljiiry j fends two
nicmb^-rs tt) pniliar.icnt.
Wener, a l.il-e of Sweden, in
the pr. of Gothland, 70 m. in length
and 50 in breadth.
VVf.nlock, W. Ion. 2. 32. bt.
52. 42. a boionjii tou.j of Shr^n-
fiiirc, fir. 10 m.le: S. E. of Shrewf-
luiry ; fends two members to par»
lament. ' . ' ""
WEN3ussRr, the North divifion
of Jiitlind in Denmark, having the
Catir^ate fea on the N. the Sch ig-
gcrrack (ca on the E. the pr. of Wi-
burg on the S. and the German fea
on the W.
Weoblf.v, W. Ion. 2. 55. lat,
<;2. 51. a borough town of Hcie.
tiirdlhirc, fit. 12 m. N. VV. of Hc-
ifford J fends two members to par-
liament.
Were EN, E. ion. 12. 2S. Jat.
53.5. a town of Germany, in the
( ir. of Upper Saxony and mnrq. of
Hrandenburg, fit. at the confluence
or the rivers F.lbe and Havel, 60 ni.
N. W. of Berlin, fub. to the K. of
I'rufll.i.
Wr RCHTE R EN, E. Ion. 4. 40.
lat. 51. ^. a town of the AuHrian
Nerhcrbindf, in ihc pr. nf Brabant,
fit. at the conriiiencc of the rivers
Demor and Oylc, 9 m. E, cf l\Tech-
liii, or Maiitics.
We R DEN, r,. long. 6. 31. lat.
by
CT. 20, n town cf Germany, in the
cir. of Wi'iljhalia aiid co. ut Mark,
fir. on llie iiver Kuer, 10 in. N. F..
of I)j(^"i!iii)rp, lubjcct to tiie Iv. it
Prtifii.i.
Vv'rKDENBruc, E. Ion. 0. <o.
Lt. 47. S. a tiHvn of Swiizeilai c',
in tiic canton of Claris, fit. on the
\V- fide of ilic Riiaie, 15 m, E. of
Gi.vii.
Vv £ .•< K r E N. Sec Werch «
T £ R E N .
We RLE, E. lor. 7. 20. ]:»t. 51.
3"^. a town o Germany, in tiiecir.
or Wtftphalia and D. vt Munllcr, hi.
50 m. S. cf Munfier, fubjed to the
Eled; r of Co'.ogn.
WERMELA>n, a province cf
SwiH.cn, lying between tiic pr. of
Dalecarlia on the N. and the We-
ner lake on the S.
Wertkeim, E. Ion, o. 20. lat.
49. 48. a town of Germany, in rl;e
HI. of Franconi-i, cap. of ilie tounvy
of Wcrtheit!!, fit. at the confluence
of the riveis Maine and Tauber, 20
m. VV, of Wurtlbiiip.
Wksei., E. lorjg, 6. 5. l.it. 5;,
ri^y. a eiiy ot Geiiiiany, in the eir. of
Weilphalia, ana D. of Cloves, fir. at
the r;'nlluerio of the rivers Rhine
and Lijij.e, 16 m, S. E. of Cievcs,
fub. to the K\nfi cf PruiVia,
Weiski.. Sjc Visi ula, a ri-
ver cf I'uland,
Wesenburc, E. Ion. 26, ht.
59. 20, a town of Livonia, (>? w.
W. of N?rvi, and as many E. of
Revel, fub. tj Ruffia.
Wc s r H, a river of Germany,
which rii-s in the Lun. of Ilrlie,
runs Noiih betv;vn the circles of
Wcflpl-.aln and Lc/er. Saxony, paf-
fing by Miiioen nnd Biemrn, and
falling ii.to the G-rrnian fea bi lew
CariiKit.
VVestbuk Y, "W, Ion. 2. 16. Int.
51. 20. a borough town of Wilt-
fhiic, fit. 20 m. N. W. of Sal if.
biiry J fends two mcmbiis to par-
• lanx'nt.
Wf - 1 Fd niTRc, E, Irn. 7. 4^.
a town of GcrmuO), in
O ti;S
at. 5c. -jS!.
W E
■W E
the cir. of thf Upper Rhine, and
t;r. of Wettetavia, lit. 35 m. N. of
Mrntz.
Westfrn isles. See Azores
and I^ERRinEs.
Wfsterwicvc, F. Ion. i6t l^t.
58. a port town of Sweden, in the
pr. of Smaland, fit. on the DaJtic
fea, 100 m. S. of Stockholm.
W/st-LJothi. ANn, the We-
ftern divifion of the pr. of Gotliland
in Sweden.
Westi-ow, W. Ion. 4. 50. lat,
^O. 25. a boroMgh town ot Coin-
vva!, fir. on the E. channel, 23 m.
S. W. of Launcrllon j cleds two
xnenibcrs of parlian.eiit.
Wkst MANIA, a pr. of Sweden,
having Upland on the E. and Werme-
liind on the W.
Wkst M FAT H, a county of Ire-
land, in the province ot Leinlier,
bounded hy Long'ord and Cav.in on
the N. by talhneath on the E. hy
King's roiinty on the S. and by the
river Shannon, which divides it ttom
Rofcnmnnon on the W.
WF.^T^^^STER city, foims
the Wert part of the town which
p'C% under the peneral name of Lon-
dun, but IS under a diAin^f povern-
ment. The dewn and chapter of
WtHminiicr nppoint the h ph Hcw-
ard, lufh baiHH', and tther nfhicrs,
who h.ive tiic government of this
city J whe'^cas the h.rd mayor and
aldi'imen h.ive the rovernment ct
that pirt of tl e tDwn properly called
Lond-m. In Wcl^nvtiOer arc the
Kmii's p.ilace, and the hi ufes cf
m<nk o\ ihf n'bitity and pi-rfons cf
jjirtiii^ion in I lie k mgdi m j and here
are held the high court of parlia-
ment, and the hipreme foiiits of
V'fticc ; but there is no b;(hop of
this city. It cledh two inembcis cf
parliament.
Wf ST MOB r.i ANO, an English
rountv, boundfd by Cumbrr'afd on
th,* N. by Vorkfhre en thz E- by
Lancaih'te en the S. and b\ the Irifti
chan. on the W. chic' town Appleby.
Westthaija, the Nortli-wcit
ciiclc ot tUt cn.pirc of Ocrouny,
bounded by the German ocean or»
the N. by the circle of Lower Sax-
ony on the E, by the landgravate cf
HcH'f, the palatinate of the Rhine,
and the cltcloratc of Triers on the
S. and hy tl^ic Mjtherhinds on the
W. being 200 m. in Icng'h, and
from 150 to 200 in breadth, com-
prehcnding the duchy of WeHplia-
im, the biflioprics of Liege, Mm-
Oer, Pdderborn, and Oinabrug, the
duchies of Juliers, Cleves and Hctg,
the counties of Marck, Raveiifbuig,
Lippe, Schwaenbiirg, Ihiye, Dipp.
holt, Oldenburg, Dilnionhurll,
Embden, Bcnthu-m, Tccklcnbur;:,
I'yimont, Ln^'en, Steiafoit, and
Coibry Ab'.'ey, bclides the tiAvns of
Aix la Chappf'Ue, n>rtmond, nnd
many other inrpcri.il cities, wIilIi
are f)vcteign (fates, and {■oviritd
by thfir rclpe^LVive m^gift rates. The
N. part of this cirde is a jreat d.al
of it forcO, a cold d nnte, and a
barun foil, i he bcft thing it pro-
duces is the bacon hd in ihi-ir
wools J but the foiilhcrn provinces
have a warmer air and a more Ijuit-
ful foil.
Wf. s TPAM, under the meridi.in
of Londi'n, lat. 51. 1 5. a niaikit
Knvn «.f Kent, fit. 44 m. VV. of
Caotcibiiry .
Wf, ER, a S.'.cd'/Ti like in lie
province vf Gothland in Sweden,
90 miles long.
Wfthek B Y, W. Ion. 1. it. lat.
^3. 55. a maikft town in the Wi It
Riding of Yoikfhirc, fit. 12 m. W.
of Yoik.
Wkttfravia, or the V/r r-
TEHAW, is the foutl.tin divifi'ii
of the landgravate of HelTe in C/cr-
many, and li'.'5 along the noiihctn
bank of the river Maine, compre-
hending the counties of Hauau and
Njllau,
Wetzfar, E. lon. 8. 15. lit.
50. 30. a city of Germany, in tl.e
cir. of the Upper Rhine and ter. of
Wetteravia, fit. on the river L hn,
28 m. N. of Francfon j an imp-nal
c;»y, or foverngn Pate, governe.i by
its own niaijilhatcs, 'i he imi'ciial
chamber,
W H
W I
cinmber, or fuprcme cnurt of the
empire, was leninved hither from
Sp le in the year 1698.
Wexkord, a county of Ireland,
was the only Tea the Ruflians had
any communication with till their
ccnqiieft of Livonia.
WiBURG, E. Ion. 9. 16. lat. 56.
in the province of Munfter, bounded 20. cap. of the ter. of Wiburg in
by the c..ui;ty of Wicklow on the
N. by the ocean on the E. and S.
and by Kilkenny end Watcrfcrd on
thf W.
Wlxfoup, W. Ion. 6. 25. lat.
52. 15. a port town, cap. of the
county of Wexford, fit. on a buy of
the Inlh ciiannej, at th^i mouth of
the river Slanty, 65 miles S. of
Dohiin.
V/ F X 1 , or W fc X I c , E . Ion . 14 .
^o. hit .J-, a town (;( SwcJclaru', m
the PI. of Gotliluid, and ttr. of Sma-
land, i'u. 11 m. S. of Wctcr Llic
VVevmouth, W. h.ji. 2, 34.
h't. 50. ^c. 3 p^rt town of Dcrlet-
fli le, fit. on a fine bay of tlu; En^l.
tlianrvl, 7 miles S. of DoichciUr ;
liiiiis two vnemb;.'rs t(» parliamc:)'',
a'ld g.'Vf the tic'if vt v!k.juni lo lii::
lU'b'f fair..ly I. f Thvnne.
WiiiDAit, cr Fjdai;, E. Icn.
3, 'r.t. 6. a town on the c^aft of
Cuip'/y, in Af'iica, fi.. 2O0 m. E.
of C.ipe-co.in v.«ll!c, whaethtEn-
ghfh have a factory,
VVinTBY, W. Ion. 7 min. lat.
i;i.. 30. a port town of tlie Ncith
Riling ci Yoiklhiip, fit. on the
Gi mvm fej, n m. N. W. cf S^ar-
hoioiiuh, a'-.d -^S m. N. E. of Voik.
Wnn CHURCH, W. Ion. r. 25.
lat. 51, 20. a borough t^iwn of
Uampniirr, Ci^. 10 m. N, of VV;n-
(licdt^r y eitcb two mcmbcts ol par-
liani'Tt,
VV'h II EHAVFN, W. 1( n. ^. t6.
lal. <;4. "^o, a poit town of C'uni'icr-
Jaiul, fit. on the Irifh thjnncl, 8 m.
S. W. cf Coeke! mouth, and 36 ni.
S. W. of Carhflc. 1 hit p jrt is muc h
fiecjiunted by ih4 IiUh, «fj)ec»»illy
foi coals,
WiiiTf'SiA, is a hiy of the
Frozen ocean, in the N. of Mulcovy,
fit. between Ruirun Lapland and Sa-
mi-itrda, at the bottom of which b.iy
0<tndi the Ci') of Archangel. I'hu
Jutland, fit. iro m. N. W, tl Lo-
penha^en, fub. to Dcfimark.
WiBURG, E. Ion. 29. Ijt. fir,
a city and port 10 An of KulJian Fin •
land, in the ter. of Cartha, fit. ojI
the gulph of Fiflland, 70 m. N. W.
cf Fcrerll)urg.
WiccoMB Chipping, W. Ion.
ro m.n. lat. 51. 36. a borough town
in Hucks, fir. 12 m. S. of A.lcibury j
lends two membt^is to pirl am-iit.
Wick. See D u F r s ". r o e .
Wicklow, a county oi lular*',
in the pr. of Le'nller, li uwdf d by
the county of Dubl.n on the N. by
the Infli channel li\ the E. by Wix*
ford on the S. and hy Kildare a( d
Cutheilou|;h « n the W.
W icKw AR fc., W, lonf. ?, Y>
hx. -I. 3-7. a m.itkrr rc.vn o i"*! -
C'-'ik-iihire, fit. 20 m. S. of Go*
ce;>: r.
VVrniN, in Euro^e-n 'i'u:i.i\.
See ViniN.
WiGG.AN, W. Ion. 2. T,-!. l.it.
53, 37. a boiougfi town oJ Lance*
fh.re, fir. 29 miles S. of I.Mitaller }
tlects two members of parliament.
Wight isi and, part of tl e
county of Souihatnptcs^, and fe, Pi-
rated from it by a lurrow channel,
is about 20 m. i^Vk and 12 broau.
It connrts of ^ood a . le and paltore
pr>.unds, hi!', ai.d .lleys, wof.fls
and cham^a^n, ind i^ t0<M[ to any
par: ot Entliand, of t',,; fame »JM
mention?, eithc. in the tn tiuln< 11
of thf foil i plc.»i"antnels o; the
fltualion j b"t as there are no foil j-
fications on the illaiid, c^pablt! of
litdiining a fie^e, it would lie pietl/
niuih expoku to the invafioiis of an
enemy, if great pait of the roy^i
navy vvcie not dutioned at Hortl-
m<n>lh, in the dn.e county, a Intle
il Hante Irom it, ..od the genital i«r.»
dczviiuj of the men of war \mt ntt
al Sptlhcad, .it the Eall end :i 'lUD
W I
W I
Jflar<f. The narro\*eft part of the
channt-I, which feparates it from
the Te(\ of Hampftire, is called the
Ntrcilcs, at the Weft end of the
illuiJ, through which lliips pnfs, but
With foiue hazard. Some jieneral (f
the army is ufually governor of this
ifland, ard it is a very proficalle
folf. The chief town is Newport.
Wigtown, W, Ion. 4. 40. lat.
54. 4S. a borouj'h and port tnwn
ot ScofJnnd, in the /Tiirc of Gallo-
way, fit. on 3 bay of the Irifh chan-
i»tl, at the rTiOuth of ihe rive Crtc,
^jo m. S. W. of Edinburgh.
V«/iHjTscH, n frontier town of
European Tarky, in the pr. of Boi'-
iii.j, fir. on a Ijke formeJ hy the ri-
ver Uima, 40 m, S. E. of Carlftat,
E. Ion, 16. 40. lat. 45. 30.
Whkomers, E. Ion. 25. Int.
51;, 3c. a city (it i'oland, in tic D.
ot l.thuania, fit. 50 m. N. W, of
W Ino.
Wi 1 1. 1 AM? ruRriii, V/. lorf.
76. 30. Lc, 37. 20. c-ijiital of die
E'T^lifTi colony of Virg'nia in A'T.e-
ricn. Jit. in Jairies co'inty, between
Jimes river ?nd V'oric river, about
6 tn. N. of Jime<: town, and 50 m.
W. of Cipc Cli-irlcs. There a:e not
above 40 or 50 hou'ts in tl c town,
tho' it be. the leat of the gov.i nnienr,
where their parliament or g'^ncral af-
fciTibly tm-'ctjand their fuprcme courts
of iiiOice are held, fine was a C(;l-
lr,e cre<fled for the educaticn of In-
d ans, and well mdowed ; but it has
r\< t ai.lV.crcd ll.e pious deJign of the
f()undcrs, the Indians exprjlling a
VI ry great avcrfion to be inftruflei
in the fciences and in the learned
l.tn^uapps. The rcafon that neither
this nor Jannes town are more in-
creafed in their buildinf!!, is-, that
the planters in Virginia chufe to
liVL' in the country on their planta-
tiL'P", ra'.hcr than in town*;.
Wit. I, I ^M-i-KoR T , E. ion, 87.
Jat. 22. 41;. * f».)rt beionjiing to thf*
F.ni:Iijh li. Indij company, fit, on the
wvllern branch of the river Ganges,
it) ihc pr. \ii ikngal, in Uic £. ladies*
in A fin, 730 m. N. E. of Baliforc^
and 40 m. S. of Huegly.
Will I AM 5 TAT, E. Ion. 4.2c,
Jat. 51. 44. a port town of Hollai d,
fir, on the fea called Hoilands-dcep,
14 ni. S. of Rctterd.im, and 16 in,
N. W. of Breda ; a little fortified
town which belongs to the houfe of
Orange.
WiLNA, v.. Ion. 25. 15. lat. 5^,
a city of Poland, cap. of the Gicjt
Duchy of Lithuania, fit. on the ri-
ver Wilna, 220 IT). N. E. of War-
f iw ; a lar^e populous tradirp city,
the fee of a bifh. and an uriiveilitv.
Wilton, W. Ian. 2. ht. '^r.
12. a bcrou; (i town of Wilttliiie, lit.
rn the river Willcy, 6 m. N. ",V. (f
Saliibury, elc^its two members of
parliament.
WiLTsiiiR F., an Englifli county,
bounded by Gloceftcr^liiie ,ii;d Ox-
f .r'l'hir'.' on thcN. by IJcrklhire nnd
liampfhire on the E. by D.jrl'ctfliirc
on t!ir* S, and by Soiflerlctfliirc on lli^
W. rcmark.-!b!e for its f.rt do'.vns .irJ
the vail number of flieep fed on thcrn,
th? wool whereof is manurK^lurcd by
the natives, wh'rh make it one of
the grcatell cloathing counties in
E'.igland. Tic cap. city Sahfbiiiy,
fit. on an extenfive plain, 20 miles
over.
Wimp FEN, E. Icn. 9. 5, lat,
49. io. a town of GcriTiany, in tlie
I'alatinate of the Rhine, fit. on the
river Neekar, 20 m, E, of Heidcl-
burg.
WiNCHEi.sEA, E. Ion. ^o min,
lat. 50. 58. a borough and port
town of Suflex, fit. on a bay of th.e
Englifh channel, a little Weft of Rye,
and 30 m. E. of Lewes, el'.'<tls two
members of parliament, and gives
the title of Earl to the noble family
of Finch.
WiNCHf STER, W. Ion. I. 24.
lat. 51. 6, the cap. city of Ilurip-
fti re, fit, on the 'ivcr Itching, 6;
H'. S.W. of Lone ■', i'his was an-
cicntly the opitaj and rcfidcnce of
thi' kings of the Wcf: .Saxons, and
K. Chailgs lit vvaa Ri f!,:alcd with
W I
W I
port
famiiy
the fituation of ihe place, that he
built a magni'icent paiace here, but
did not live tj fiiii/h it, and tiui.c ot'
lus lucciirois have thought in tu
compleat it. It is the Ico ot a b>
fli p, and eledls two members of
parliament. There is a fine college
and fihool here, endowed with a
Ja gc revenue, founded by the vene-
rable William of Wickkam, who
alio foiinde-i New Cwilege m Oxford,
vvhitlitr ilie Icholars of this fchool
are fent when tliey are qualified for
the univcifity, and are eniilled to
ftllovMhipb there.
WiMusMARK, a divifion of the
D. of Cjrtiiola, in the cir. of Au-
ftria, in Germar.y.
Windsor, W. Ion. 37 mln. lat.
51. 28. a boroUjih town of Deiklhirc,
20 m. W. tf London, moll rem.tik-
ab'e f«r the ma^'nificent p.lace or
caftle, proudly liiuaicd on an emi-
nence, which lomiDunds the adja-
cent country for many miles, the
river Thames running at the fjot of
the bill, 'i'he kniuhis ot the garter
are inllilled m the royal chapel.
The tou n eleifls two members of
pailiami ii'",
WiNNiczA,E. Ion. zg. lat. 49.
15. a town of I'oland, in the pr. of
Podolia, and ter. of Braclaw, frtuate
en the liver Bog, 40 miles N. of
Braclaw.
WlNOXBERr,, or Bf.rcu ES, E.
Ion, 2. 25. l.it. 50. 56. a town of
the Frc/ich Netht? lands, ui the pr.
of Flanders, fit. vn the ri;cr Culme,
5 m. S. of l)> ■ '- rk.
WiNscHoTT. \, E. ioii. 6. 50.
^*^' 53" 'S* ^ town of tlie United
Provinces, in the pr. of Cirjn iigen,
fit. 6 m. S. W. or the Doilari-bay,
and 16 m. S.E. of Gronniien.
WiNSEN, E. Icn. iJ. lat. ^1.
50. a town of Germany, in the cir.
of Lower Saxony and 13. of Lui. en-
burgh, lit. at thi; cuiirtucnce ot tl.c
iiveis EiUe and llmenau, 15 m. N.
W. of Liinenburg.
Win SLOW, W. long. 45 niin.
I«t. 51. 55. a market town of Uu<.kj,
61, tm. N.uf AUcibui/.
WiNSTER, W. Ion. I, 31. lat.
53. 12. a market town of Darby -
fhire, lit. 10 m. N. >{ Darby.
WlNTERTONNESSE, the Nortll
cape of ihe'couniy of Norfolk, 4 n,.
N. of Yarmouth.
V/iNTSHEiM, E. Ion. 10. 2,.
Jat. 49. 30. a town of Gernuuiv, in
the cir. of Ftanconia and maiq. ot*
Anlpach, fit. 13 n.i.es N. ot An-
fpach.
WiRKS WORTH, W. Ion. I. 3O.
lat. 5-. 6. a market townut Daiuy-
fliire, lit. 6 m. N. of D.irt>y.
W I R T E M B U K . Sec W U K*-
T E M S U R C .
WibBADEN, E. Ion. S. lat. c^o.
6. a town of Gei many, in the tr--,
of Wctter.ivia anJ couniy ol Njllau,
fit. 15 m. W. of Frankfort.
Wis BEACH, E. long. 16 min,
lat. 52. 40. a markrt town of thrt
ille of Ely in Cambridgclhire, lit. 15
m. N. of EiV.
WisBY, E. ion. 18. lat. 57. 30.
a p^rt town of Sweden, l\' . on th<:
W. coaft of the illand of (Juthland,
in the Baltic fea, no miles S. of
Stu-kholm,
Wijchcrop, E. Icn. zo. 30.
lat. ^-y i town of Poland, in the
pr. of Warfovia and pal. of Flock/ko,
fif. on the river Villula, 40 in. N,
W. of Waiiaw.
WisMAR, E. Ion. II. 31. Jar,
54. I . a tov^n ot Germany, in the
cr. of Lower Saxany and D. ol Meck-
lenburg, fit. on a bay of ihg B.ilc>c
fei, 12 a, N. of Sv\ciin, fubject to
Sweden,
Wi SSI LOCK, E. Ion, 8. 40. lat,
49. 20. a town of Germany, in tt|e
pal. of ttiC Rhine, lit. 7 a). S. of
HeidelLurg.
VV:sTOK,W. Ion. 4. 50. lat. 51,
■;4. a market town of i'ct).oi''ki' ■
Ihire in Wales, fit. 10 in. Nortu ot
I'embroke, ,s
Wi 1 EPsici, E. lonp. 30. lat.
56. a lown of Fohnd, ,n ibe V* ftf
i.iihuaniJ, c'p. ot ttie pal. of Ah.
tcpfki, (it. on ti.e liver Dwiiij,^ J70
w. K. of Willi.-*.
WiTHAM, E. Ion. 45 mm. l4t.
U u 3 51.
1' i
a
w o
w o
s;t. 50 a market town of EflTcx, fit.
10 ni. N. E. of Chelmsford.
Witney, W. Ion. i. 30, lat.
:i. 45. a maiket town ct Oxford-
ih re, lit. on tl;e riverWindrufh, 7 m.
VV. ot Oxt'oril. Here is the grcatcft
iTiannfadturf. ot blankets in England.
Wf TT £NBUR G, U. l(.n. I 3. 5.
Jat. ^i. 50. a city of Germany, in
the cir. ot Upper Sax.my and L). of
Saxony, fit, on the ijver iiibf, 50 m.
N. ot Urelden. It is an univeiii'y,
in which Luther, the celebrated n:-
former, had h;s > ducation. '
WiTTENBu«r,, E. Ion. 12. 10.
lar. 53- 20. a town of Germany, in
the cir. ot Upper Saxony and niarq.
of Brandenburg, fituate en the river
Elbe, to miles N. of Brandenburg
city.
V/iT-ENSTElN, E. Ion, 44. 35.
1 ♦. 5H 2c. a town cf Livcnia, lit.
4 m. S, v)f Revel, Tub. to RiilVn.
>^^'ITTLESEYMEF!<, a Ijkc in
the tic of Ely, on the confines of
Hi *ingtoi fhiic, 6 m. long and 3
tr. d, iz in. W. of lily city.
'-'"'TTiMUND, E. Ion. 7. lat.
\ 'J. a town of Germany, in the
C!Uie of Wfllphalia and cruiity of
Einbden, fit. near t'jc German fta,
13 m. N. of Embder.
W I vrrscoMn, W, Ion. 3. 28,
Int. 51. 6. a market town of Scmcr-
fttfhirc, fitiute 27 miles S. W. of
WoBURN, W. Ion. 40 min. lat.
«i. a marke: town of Bedfun.ihire,
fir. 10 m. S. of Bedford.
WoDNAY, E. !on. 14. la^ 49.
» town of Bohemia, fir. «6rr. S. of
Prague, fubj«!>'t to the houfe of Avj-
ftria.
"WoERD-iN, E. Ion. .? . 40. I..t.
««. io» a town of the Un' 1 I'l
flnccs, in the pr, of Holj..,.d, lit,
»8 m. S. of Amrtctdam.
Woi.AW, E. Jon. 16. . i, lat.
JT. 11. i city in the K.. of Bohemn,
in ttiP D. of Sileiia, op. of i^<* I).
«(f Wo)aw, fit. 20 m. N. of Hrellaw,
%b fo tf e King of Pfuliii.
32, lat, 52. 40. a city of Germany^
in the cir. ot Lower Saxony, ?nA L>.
of Biuni'wic, fit. on the river Oc-
ker, 10 m. S, of Brunfwic, fubjert
to the Duke of Brunfwic-Wul-
fcmbuttle. The Eieftor uf Hano-
ver has no /hare in the goven.mcnr,
either of the cities of Brunfwic or
Wulfembuttl?, or the territories be-
longing to thcin, being only titular
Duke of Biuiilwic,
WoLFEWDYKt, an idand (if the
United Netherlands, in the pr. of
Zclji.d, fit. between the ifl.nds of
N. Tcvcland snd S. Beveland.
WoLFSPERG, E, ion. 15. lat,
47. 6. a town of Germany, in the
cr. ot" Av.f>,ia and D. 1 f Carinlhi.i,
fit. 36 ni. E. 0^ Clagtnfort.
WoLGA, a river of Roflia which
fifing in the North <t that empire,
runs S, E. pafling by tlic cities < f J -■-
n-fiif, Kafan and i»ulgai, ;!tid then
ente- pg Alhtic i^ullia, c< ntiiiues it3
C'lUiki due South tu Kani fiiv-a, from
whence it inns S, E. aiu! p.;liing ly
AlUacan, falls into tliL- C' pian it.\
50 miles below that ci:y, liuving run
a ccurfe of b. Iaccu 2 and 3CC0
nr.lcs, boin*! di-ep eiiough gre.'.t pir":
of the 'Aiy to cany lar^c (hips;
but the mnuth < f it is fv cbor.ki'd
up with fand thu u adcd Tnips (.an-
n:'- enter it j for whi-.h rcafon the
Runi.m fliips lie at an ifl.md with-
our the mouth of the VVoljia.
Woi.cAST, E. Ion. ij. 5. lat,
54. 1:. a city and port town ot Ger-
many m the cir. of Upper Saxony,
and D. of Fomcrania, lub. to Swe-
den, (it. -JO m. S, E, of Str.ii'und.
Woi. IC KM.\RK. See VoKkf.-
MARK.
Woi. KosKOT, E. Ion. 31;, 20.
lar. 57. 30. a town of Rulfia, fit. m
the pr- of Novojjorod, ico milts S,
E. of ^' : city of NovogoroJ.
Woi.KowsxA, E, Ion, 24. lat.
qj. a city of Poland, in the D. 'A
I^iihuani.i, and pal. of Novogredttk,
fit. 32 m, S. of Grodno,
WoLLKti, W. Ion, I. 55. h'r.
55.40. a muikct town or N nit
ttuibcriaaiJ^
lat. j;;
w o
umberUnd, fit, ii m. S. 0/ Ber-
wick.
Woi. LIN, a town and ifland of
Pomorania, Ik. in the Baltic fea, at
the mouth of the river Oder, fubjcdl
to ihc ^. ot FruHia.
VV o L M E R , or VVai. M E R , E. lofu
25. laC. 57. 30. a town of Livonia,
fit. 50 m. N. E. of Ri^a, fuljedl to
Kailia.
VVoi.oDOMiR, E, Ion. 30. 5. lat.
57. 40. a city of Ruliia, cip. of the
pr. ot VVolodomir, lit. 160 m. S. of
Pctjrfb'np.
Woi.oc.DA, E, Ion. 42. iO, lat,
59. cap. ot the pr. of Wologda, in
K'.iliii, fir. on the river Dwina, 235
ni N. < f iVioicuw.
Wo LSI NC HAM, VV, lor I. 31,
lat, 54. 45. a market town ot Dur-
ham, lit. 14 m. S. W. of Durham.
WuLVERH.KMPTON, W. lon. 2»
15. lat. 52. .;o. a market town of
StairorJrtiirc, lit. tl ni.S. of StafTord.
WooniJR inc E, E. Ion, 1. 25.
lar, 52. 1 6. a maiket town of Suf-
folk, fit. 26 m, .S. E. of Bury.
WouDSTOcK, W, Ion. I. 17,
lar. 51. 50. a borough town of Ox-
fordlhirc, (it. 7 m. N. of Oxford ;
fends two members to parhament ;
but moft rrmarkaL!e for tiie m.ig-
rilricent palact built by Qn^ien Anne
for the late Duke of Mariborough,
in mtmory of the victory oblamed
by him over the French .ind Bav.i-
r:ans at Blctihrim, on the 2d of Au-
gurt I -04.
W'ouL\'v icn, E. lop. 10 mij,
lat. 51. 30. a market town of Ken:,
fit. on the river Thames, 6 m, E, of
London. Here are hiio decks and
yards for the royal navy, where large
m< n of war arc built j and here are
\ull magazines of {;reat guns, mor-
tars, bonibs, cannon- biiJ, powder,
aitd other warlike (lores, ana a ma-
line academy.
WoKtESTER, \V. Ion. 2. ^5.
lat. 52, 15. the cap. city ot W(jr-
tcfterlhire, fit. on the river Severn,
110 m. N.W. of London j elcds
iwQ members :i (atii^uicat, uid gives
w o
the title of marquis to the picblc
family cf Somerlet, Dukes of Beau-
fort.
Worcester county, ii bound-
ed by Shropfhirc and Staftbrdfhrre on
the N. by Warwickfhire on the E.
by GlocellerHiire on theS. and He-
rcfordfhire on the W.
WoRCUM, E. Ion. 4. 50. lat,
51. 52. a town of Holland, fir. on
the liver Waal, 23 m. E, of Rot-
terdam.
WoRCUM, E. Ion. 5. 20. lat,
53. a port town of the United Ne-
thirlands, fit, in the pr. of Friez-
land, on the Zuyder fea, 20 m. S.
W. of Lewarden.
Worksop, W. Ion. i. 5. laf,
53. 20. a market town of Notting-
hum/hiie, fit. 20 m, N, yf Not-
tingham.
Worms, E. Ion. S. 5. lat. 49,
38, a city of Germany, in the pal.
of the Rhine, fit. on the W, banic
of the Rhine, 25 m. N.W. ot Hei-
delburg, and 25 m. S. of Mentz ;
an imperial city or fovereign Hate,
governed by its own ma^iflratrs j
the inhabitants a mixture of Luthe-
rans and Papifts. It wns a fine
town before the French dtftroycd it,
anno 1689, and is fince great part ot
it re-built. It fiards in a plentiful
ci'untry thrt proc'uccs good winc.
Here a treaty was condudcd between
the K.. of (Jrtat- Britain, the Queen
ot Hungary, and the K. of Sanii-
n-a, anno 1743 ; and here w:is the
K, of Great Britain's hcad-cuar^rrj
for fome time alter the battle 0^ Dit-
tmge.i.
WOROMTS, or VlRONfS^, E,
Icn. 40. lar, 52. a dty cf RujiiA,
in the provmce of Belgorod, fit. on
the river Vcronefe, near its coiJ\\i-
enre with the liver Don, 120 m, .S,
of Atofco, Here the late Cxar Pttrr
the Great buiJt large men of wir,
and cutting deep canals between .the
river Vcronrle aini the Woiga, ler«t
fhips down that river to the Cafpia«
fea, as he did others by the rrver
£^M9 to Uie £ii«M« fea^
WoiisTlD,
III
W Y
X A
Worsted, E. Ion. i, 30. laf.
5a. 52. a market town ot Norfolk,
fit, 7 rii. N. of Nurwich.
Wot TON, W. Ion. 2. 25. lat.
51. 4Z. a market town of Glocedcr-
(hue, lit. 17 m. S. of Gloctflcr.
Wotton-Basset, W. Ion, 2.
laf. 51. 35. a borough town of
Wiltfliire, Jit. 25 U), N. of Salif-
bury.
Wrexham, W. Ion. 3, lat, 53.
a market town or Deiibighlhire, in
Wales, fn. 23 m. S. E. of St. A-
faph.
VVrinton, W. Ion. 2. 46. lat.
51. 25. a market town of burner-
lei<h:rf, fir. 7 rn. N. of Wtlls.
Wkotham, E, Ion. 16 min,
lat, 51. 20. a market town of Kent,
fir. 10 m. W. «'f Maivllione.
WuRTEMBURG, or WiR TEN-
BURG Uuchy, is the Noilh part
of the circle ot Suabia, in Germany,
bounded by the Palatinate of the
Rhine and Franconia on ihe N.
by Octingen and the billiopric of
Auglburg on the E. by the terrri-
tories of Ulm and FurAemburg on
the S. and by the territories of Ba-
den on the VV. being 70 m. Jong,
and almcll as much in breadth, fub-
jcd to the D. of Wjrtemburg j the
capital city Stutgart.
WuRTZBURG, E. Ion. 9. 50,
lat. 49. 46. a city of Germany, in
the cir. of Franconia, fit. on the
rivet Maine, 60 m. S. E. of Frank-
fort, capital ot the bi/hopric of
Wurtzbur^, the territories whereof
are very cxtcnfive, comprehending
four hundred towns and villages in
the adjatciit country, of which the
bifliop ih fovercign, being one t>f the
grealefl ecciefialtical princes of the
cnipire, abfolutu in his dominions,
and lives in the fame ftale other fo-
vcieii^n princes do.
Wye, E. Ion. i degrc?, lat. 51,
12. a market town of Kent, fit.
ao m. S. £. ot Maidftone, and 8 S.
of Canterbury.
Wvr, a river of Walcp, which
tifcs OA ihc confiues ef Catdi^an-
Aire, and runs S. E. dividing the
counties of Radnor and i3 e. knotk
then crolFes Hrretoroftire, palling by
the town of Herelcrd, and turning
d*rtdly S. palFes by Monmouth, fall.
ing into the mouth ( f the Severn at
Chepftow.
WVNENDALE, E. Ion. 3. lat. 51.
5. a town of ihaAuniian Ne^htr-
Jands, in the pr. ot FJander.', fit. i r
m. S. VV. of Bruges, and as mnny S,
£. of Oftend. Here Gtn. Weuh, .is
he was convoying a great fupply ci
ammunition and piovifion to the t(>n-
-feJeiate army btfore Lille, was at-
tackeu by 24,000 French, wlioiw he
deieated with 6coo men only, and
arrived fafe at Lille, anno 1708.
WvNoxBERC, or BergleSt.
WvNox, E. Ion. 2. 22. lat. 50.54.
a town of the Aurtrian Ncthci lands,
in the pr. of Flanders, fit, 6 ra. S.
of Dunkirk.
X A
XACA, E, Ion. 13. lat. 37. 57.
a port town of Sicily, in the
pr. of Mazara, fit. on the S. coaft of
the illand, 40 m. S. of I'alermo.
Xalisco, W. Ion. no. lat. 22.
20. a city of Mexico, in America,
fit. near the Pac.fic ocean, 400 m,
V/. of the capital city of Mexico,
fob. to Spain.
Xansi, a pr. of China, in Atij,
bounded by the pr. of I'ek.ng on iLe
E. by the great wall on the N. by
the pr. of liotian on the S. and by
the river Crocci, which divides it
from the pr. ot Xenft, on the W,
Xativa, W, Ion, 40 min. la"..
39. a town of Spain, in the pr. of
Valencia, fit, 30 au S. of Valencia
city.
Xantum, a pr. of China, in
Afia, bounded by the Kang fea on
(he N» b> the gulph of Nankin «>n
Y A
Y O
thcE. by the pr, of NanUin on the
S. and by the pr, of Peking on
the W.
Xavikr (St.) W. Ion, 50. S. ht.
24. a town of the pr. of La Plata,
•r Guayra, in S. America, fi'. en
the confines of Brafil, 200 m. W.
of Rio J.'.neiio.
Xensi, a pr. of China, in AA.i,
is bouni'ed by the great wall on the
N. by the pr. of Xanfi on the E. by
the pv. of Suchuen on the S, and by
Tibet on the W.
Xerez de I. a Frontiera, W.
Ion. 6. 26. lat. 36. 45. a town of
Spain, in the pr. of /indaltifiaj fit.
20 m. N. of Cadiz.
Xer ez d£ Guadiana, W. Ion.
8, 14. lat, 37. 15, a town of Spain,
in the pr. ku' Ar.dalufia, fit. on the
river Guadiana, on the frontiers of
Purtiiga!, 20 n. N. of Ayamonte.
XicMU, E. 1. n, 112. lot. 27. a
city of Chin.-', in the pr. of Hucjium,
fit. 300 \T, N. o\ Canton.
XlIJYAN, QX CH1NIA^•, E. loP.
120. lat. 31. a city of China, in
Alia, in the pr. of Laotung, lit.
without the great wall, 440 ni. N.
E. of Peking.
Xuc^'R, a river of Spain, which
rifes in New Caible, and having run
S. E, through that pr. turns due E.
and crolTing the pr. of Valencia, falls
into the Mediteiranean, 20 m. S. of
the city of Valencia.
Y A
YARE, a river of Norfolk,
whith runs from W. to E.
thri ugh that covuity, palfing by Nor-
wich, and falling into the German
fea, at Yarmouth.
Yarmouth, E. Jon. 2. bf. 52,
45. a borout.h and port town of Nor-
folk, fit. on the German fea, at the
xnputh of the nver Yare, 20 m. £•
of Norwich, from whence a noblff
lady takes the title of countcf?.
Yarmouth, V.''. Ion. i. 37. lat.
50. 40. a borough town of the iflc
of Wight in Hampfiiirc, fit. on the
N. VV. coaft of the idand, 6 m. W.
of Newport ; eiedts two members of
parliament.
YarvMjW. Ion. T. lit, ::;4. iS.
a market town of the N. riding of
Yorklhire, fit. on the river Tees,
near the confines of Durham, 30 m»
N. of Ycik.
Yaxley, W, Ion. 20 min. lat,
52. 30. a market town of Hunting-
tonHiirc, fit. 12 m. N. of Hunt-
ington.
Yeovii., W. Ion. 2. 45. lat. 51,
a market town of Somerfet/hirc, fit,
18 m. S. of Wells.
YfcSD, E, Ion. 54. lat. 33. a city
of Perfia, in the province of Eyrac-
Agcm, in Afia, fit. 200 m. E. of
Ifpahan.
Yla, one cf the weftern ifl.ind«
of Scotland, fit. in the Irift fea W.
of Cantire.
YoANGFU, E. Ion. 114. lat. ?c,
40. a city of China, in Afia, in the
province of Huquam, fit. on the ri-
ver Kiam, 260 m. S. W. of Nan-
kin?.
YoNNE, a river of France, which
rifes in Burgundy, and runs North
through Nivernois and Champain,
pilfing by Auxerre and Sens, and
falling into the river Seyne at Mon-
terau fur Yonne.
York, W. Ion, 50 min. lat. 54,
the c.ipital city of YorklTiire, fir. on
the river Oufe, 180 m. N. of Lon-
don. It is a large city, and has
fome good buildings in it, and dur-
ing the winter, a great many peo-
ple of quality rr ndc here, for whofe
entertainment they have lately built
a magnificent aflcmbly-houfe. The
cathedral is a noble Gothic pile, c-
qual to any thing of the kind ia
England. It is the fee of an arch-
bifliop, and gives the title cf D. ro
the king's brotl er when he has one j
and €le<^s two members of parlia-
ment*.
r ;
Y O
Y U
mcnt. The chief rriagiftrate has the
title o( Lord Mayor, It is net a
town of gicat trade.
York, Nkw, one oH the BiitiHi
Colonies in North Amcrici, which,
jr wc comprehend the JerlcNS, th.it
fjccjucnily have the Idine govcrrjor,
is (it. bjtween 72 and 74. cca,ries of
W. Ion. and between 41 and 44 de-
grees of N. latitude, bounded by Ca-
nada OH the N, Ncw-Enj^laud on
tiie E. the American ka on the S.
and fenfiivania and the country of
the Iroquois on the VV, being up-
wards of 200 miicj in length from
N. to S. but fcarce 60 nnies bruad
in any part. Tnis c. untry produces
corn, and abounds in cattle, and a
gvod bleed of holies j bat tiiey are
chielly empiuyed in the fishery fur
w'ii,.its, as well as cod n.h. They
fuppiy the iu^ar illands with ii>>ur,
fait beef and pork, and fait rill),
Viiih h( iits and timber. They ex-
pert a tireat d 'al of dried aiid Jailed
fiih to liuropf, and biing logwood,
whale oil and bone to England, and
from thence are fupplied with mofl
i^f their doathing and furniture, and
tixjls. This is a royal government,
tijc K.. appointing the governor and
council, but thty eledt tlieir own
rcpreientativts or p.uiiarrK^nt tr.en.
iJie i-Juil/'iTjed reli,i,ioii here is that
oi the chufch ui Hn^la«i(\ though
other peifuaf'ous are to'trated, and
lijve their reipctlive pl.aes of wor-
fljip alhjwed them, 'i he province
lie": a little cxpofed to the French
and C.inada IiiJians on the North j
for which reafon fi ine forts have
been built on that fide ; and on the
South it is not a fniall force that
can hurt them, having the (td for
their defence, and a garrifcn cf four
hundred men in the city of New
York, and ui'ually fume cruizers on
the coaft.
YoR K, New, Cit y, W. Ion, 72.
30. lat. 41. cap, of the pr. of New
Yo.k, is fit. on an Idjnd in the
m^uth of Hudfon's river, about 14
m. lung, and 3 broad. It contains
about a thojfand hou:
^veli btiilc
with brick and Hone, and Handing
on an eminence, iurrounded with a
wall, and other modern fort ficatioi,5,
nukes a fine appearance. It has al-
io a fpacious haibour, with coiiinio-
diO'is kays and warehoufes on th<-in,
and employs fevcral hundred ih^a
an! veirds in their foreign tr^de and
tillicries. The inhabitaiits confift of
Englifh, and the poller.ty of thu
SwCkies and Dutch that were fettkd
here before the Englifli reduced it
tu the obedience of this c r iwn, with
feveral famil.es of French rtfugcci
incorporated with thein.
YpRiiSf E. Ion. 2. 46. Lit. 50.
54. a city of the Aullnan Nether-
lands, erteemed almoft impregnable,
and one of the barrier towns, but
ihamsfuLly fui rendered in the year
1744, by the Dutch gnrrifon, With-
in a few d.iys after the French (at
duwn hefore it; and with it xhf.
wholtf chatellany, comprehending tlie
towns of Mo'iiit Cairel, Baileul,
Roudclaer, Poperingen, Warnetoii,
Commne?, and Warwick. This cilv
had a good trade lately in the filk
and woollen m.inufaclures, and is the
fee of a bifhop, fuflragan to the aich-
bifhop of Mechlin.
YssououN, E. Ion. 2. lit. 4'',
a town of Fjani;e, in the province
of Berry, iit. 18 mile. S. W. of
Bourges.
YvicA, fit. in one degree of E.
ion. and 39 N, lat. a Sp.rdih ifbnd
(the Icait of the Baleares) fit, in the
Mediterranean (a, between the pro-
vince of Valencia, in Spain, and the
iiland of Majorca, being about -jo m.
long, and 2 . broad ; a niouacainous
barren country, but produces great
quantities of fait.
Yl'nam, the moft S. W. pr. of
China, in Aiw,
1 I
Z A
Z A
Z A
Z A
ZAARA, or Sabra, one cS
the div./ions of Atrua, is fi-
luaicd under the tropw; ot Capri-
corn, bounded by Bildulgerid on the
N. by the unknuwn parts ot Africa
on the E. by Nigritia or Ncgroland
on the vS. and by the Atlantic ocean
on the VV. a bjrren defarr, as the
name fi^nifies, and (o celtitute or
water, th<it the caravans of cjiucIf,
which pafs over it from Mortcfo,
to trafiice with Ncgrul.iiid, are h;ilt
loaded with v\ater and piovifions.
As It jiroiiuces d-^rce any thing to
fuftain life, tht-ic are no towns in it,
but a loit ot pcopie iike the Araus,
who live in tcms, and beiiiji ac-
quainted with the tew fprin^s there
are, wan. lei from one part oi the
country to the other, Ub they ex-
pert to rr.eet \v,tl) wnter and food
for their cuttle. 'J hey ate not hiick,
but of an ohve complexion j their
language Arabic, arid their religion
Mahometanilm, fuppoltd to be the
dtlcendants ot thole Ararts who lub-
dyed Afica fooii after the death of
their prophet M ihomet.
Zaeack b£A. See P A I. u s
Meotis.
Zaeern, E. Ion. 8. lat. 49. 5.
a town of lierniany, in the pal. ut
the Rhine, lit. 15 ir. W. of fiij
Ijplbuig.
Zabubn, E. Jon. 7. lat. ^8.
30. a town of Germany, in the Ian,
of Al ace, lit. 15 m. N. W. ot
Stiafb'irg, fob. to i-ranre.
Zagkab, E. ion 16. 33. lit.
46, 2«;. a town of Sdavon a, nr. on
t)u: river Sjvf, 25 miles N. t. of
Carlflat, fub. to tne houle uf Au-
ilria,
Zamora, W. Ion. 6. lat. 41.
30. a City of Spain, in the pr. of
Leon, fit. on the river Douro, 32 nj.
N. of S.iiamanci.
Zamoski, L. ioHi 22 40. lat.
51. a town of Polantl, in the p*-. r,f
Ked Ruliij, and pa!, if ikiu, lit,
J 10 m. N. E. of Cracow.
Zancuebab, is a conntry on
the EjH coad of Africa, iu, in fou-
thern latituvie, between the Equator
and the tropic ot Clapricorn, being
bouti.ied by the country of Anian oa
the N. by the Indian ocean on the
E. by Catfraria, or the country of
the Hotteniois, on the .S, and by
tlic unknown paits of Africa en the
W. comprehending the provinces of
Magadoxa, Melinca, (^iloa, Mo-
z.^moicjue, and Solala. Here the
I'ortugiicle have a great many co-
Jjnies and lettlemcnts, and pretend
that they have inide a gteat many
prolclites to chnltanity among the
Ivegroe"^, and claon a kind ot do-
minion over 'he petty princes on
this loaft.
'J he Hoi tut « trade with them
for gold, ll . ivi ry, olfnch fea-
thers, wax, aivd iliogs ; tefides
whicli, tlie country produces rue,
lugar, and luth riuits as are ulually
fjund between the 'J ropics. 1 he
natives who have not embraced Chri-
itianity, are either Mahometans or
P.igans.
Zante, E. Ion. 21. 30. la''.
37. 50. an illand «)t the Mediterra-
nean, fit. II m. W. ot the JVIorea,
and 14 S. ot the ifiind <f Cephalo-
nia, be ng 24 m. long, an-t iz broad,
very confiderabie on ai count of the
l.ltie grapes it prodnces, called cur-
laiits, or ci)rinths, from their '^eing
cultivated formerly about Corinth,
wheie there are now fcarce any j
mod o* the countries in t urope be-
ing fuppled wiifi them from this
ifijiid. The natives a>e muft of
them Gieeks ; but the Ven tians,
to whoH". tie ifland is lubjedt, have
introduced the Roman Cathi lie rcli-
gion here. T.'ie chief town is Zant,
lit on tlie E. tide of the ifland, well
fortitii'd and defended by a caftle,
the r' fiJencc <>f the governor, who
ii always a noble Venetian ot the
fidi rank. This illand lies very
muLh
ii
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33 WIST MAIN STRUT
WHSTIR.N.Y. 14SI0
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^
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Z E
Z I
niuch cxpcfed to t'nc attacks of tlie
*1 arks, lirice the Venetians lofl the
MorcJ, anno 171 5.
Zara, E. Jon. 17. lat. 44.. a
city of Djlmatia, fit. on the i;.u!|jh
of Venice, 60 ni. N. VV. of Sjn-
luto, furroiinded by the fea, and
ftronj|,ly fortified, and is the fee ot an
arclibuiu p, fab. to Venice.
Zarnaw, E. Ion. 20. lat. 51.
30. a city of Poland, in the pr. of
Little Poland, and pi I. of Sandomir,
fit. 63 m. N. of Cracow.
Zai MAR, E. lun. 22. lat. 4S.
10. a town of Hun^;ary, fit. 4-5 m.
E. of Tockay, fab. to the houfe of
Auftria.
Zator, E. Itn. 19. 30. lat. 50.
a town ot PolaiJ, fit. on the river
Viifula, 14 m. W. of Cracow.
Zealand, the chief of the I)a-
nifli iflands, is fir, at the entrance of
the Baltic fin, bounded by tlie lea
called the Schagt'crack on the N.
by the Strait called the iiound,
wiiicli feparatcs it from Schoncn in
Sweden, on the E. by the Baltic fea
on the S. and by the Strait called
the Great Belt, which (eparates it
from the ifiand of Fanen, on the
W. being of a round figure, "ear
two hundred miles in circumter^^Rce j
the cliief town Copenhapen, the ca-
pital of the kingdom of Di-nmark,
fituated on the ealtcrn coaO. The
illand of Zealand produces m bread
corn, but rye, of which there is
not enough to fubfiil the mhabi-
tants, and theie is but little mea-
dow or [ufiure ground j a fourth
part of the illand is loreil, and re-
lervcd for the king's game, and a
great deal more taken up in lakes
and marihcs, which, with the neigh,
bourhuud of the fea, occafiuns a thick
foggy air.
Zk ALAND, a pr. of the United
Ncthei lands, confilh of eight iflands,
vhirh lie in the mouth of the ri-
ver Sched, bninded by the pro-
vince ot Holland, from which they
iiie fe,iaraied by a narrow channel on
the N. by Brabant on the E. by Flan-
vier-;, frcm which lh"y are feparatcd
by ore of tiie branches of the Sclicld,
on the S. and by the German fia on
the W. the chief of whidi illc.nds
is tint of Walcheren, whereon the
city of M;ddleburp, the cap. cf the
province, is fite 'e. 'J'hc land lirs
very low in a'i thcfe ifiands, which
renders them I'able to inundationr,
and puts them to great cxpcnces in
maii;ta:niiig their dykes or bank',
and nccafions an unwholcfon'.c air ;
but the iflands ac generally fruitUil,
and produce good corn and pafiu.age ;
and by their fifheries and foreum
trade, the people become exceeding
rich, tho' tliere arc not manv minu-
fadures in this i rcvincc.
ZtiGiNHE IM, E. Ion. 5. lat. 5:?.
55. a tov/n of Geiniany, in the land,
of Heife Caliel, fit. 30 m. S. of
HefTe CatTel city.
Zeits, E. Ion. 12.20. lat. 51.
a town of Gernnny, in the ci.cle of
Upper Saxony, fir. 24 m. S, W. (.f
l.fipfic, fubje^ to a prince of the
hou!e of S.ixony.
Zelt., E. Ion. 10. lat. 52. 5:.
a city of Germany, in the cirde nf
Lower Saxony, cap. (-f the Duchies
cf Zell and Lunenburg, fir. at the
fcniluence of the rivers Aller and
Fuhfe, 30 m. N. of Hinovcr, and
40 m. S. of Lunenburg. This wjs
the rt fidencc of the late dukes of
Zell and Lunenburg, till thefe duch'es
devolved on the lateclcflor of Hano-
ver, George L King of England, by
his marrying the heircfs of the late
ihilcc, mother of his prelent Britilh
majcUy,
Zkmbla Nova. See Nova
Z K M n I. A ,
ZtMLiN, E. Ion, It, lat. 4S. ?-.
.1 town of Upper Hungary, fit. ao ni*
N. of Tockay.
ZrnnsT, E. Ion, 12. 33, lat, 52.
,1 town of Germany, in the cir. of
Upper Saxony, md ter. of Anhalr,
fit. ^5 m. N, W. of Wittcmbu'-g,
fub. to the Pr. of Ai.halt.
Zjricksef, E. Ion, v 54. ''^
5ii «!^i a port lo\¥n of the Uni'cd
^ Nchci.
m^m
iiil^
z u
z u
Netheflands, in the pr. of Zealand,
fit. on the S, fide of the ifland of
Schowen, 15 ni. N. £. of Middle-
burg.
ZiTTAu, E. Ion. 15. lat. 51. a
town of Germany, in the cir. of
Upper Saxony, and marq. of Lufatia,
fit. on the river Nieff, 55 ni, E. of
Drefden.
Znaim, £. Ion. t6. lat. 4S. 50.
a town of Bohemia, in the marq, of
Moravia, fit. on the river Teya, 35
m. N. W. of Vienna, fubjeft to the
houfe of Auftria,
ZOCATARA. SeeSoCATARA.
ZoLLERN, or HoH£NZOL-
X.ER N, E. Ion. 8. 55. lat. 48. 18. a
city of Germariy, in the cir. of Sua-
bia, cap. of the county of Zoliern,
and fub. to its count, fit. 28 m. S.
of Scutgart.
ZoLNocK, E. Ion. 20. 28. lat*
47. 28. a town of Upper Hungary,
fit. on the river TeyelJe, 55 m. E.
of Buda.
X\: G, one of the cantons of Swit-
terJaiid, is furrounded by the cantons
of Liu em, Zurich and Switz, and is
18 m. long, and 7 broad, more fruit-
ful than fume of its neighbours j for
the counrry produces corn ind wine
enough to fubfift the Inhabitants,
who are of the Romifli communion.
There is no town in the canton j th«
principal village is Zug, pleafantly
fituate on a a lake of the fame name.
In this, and the re(} of the fmalier
cantons, the lezidative power is
lodged in tl;e ditriifive body of the
people J i;\';} man, whether mafter
or fervanr, above 16 ytais of age,
gives his v t(* to the niiking or a'-
tering tht-ir hiws, raifing forces, le-
vying taxes, &c,
Zurich, a canton of Switzer-
land, is bounded hy the -canton of
Schaft'haufcn on the N. 9y the can-
ton of Appcnzel on the E. by Zug
and Switz on the S. and by H -in and
Luccrn on the W. being 50 m. long,
and 40 broaJ, and is elteemed the
I it heft of the Cantons, in proportion
to its territory, tbu' it be not liait fo
large as Bern ; for here the people
apply themlelves to trade, and have
feveral profitable manufa<tlures.
Zurich City, E. Ion. 8. 30. lat,
47. 52, capital of the canton of Zu-
rich, is plcafanlly fiiuited at the N,
end of the lake of Zurich, 35 m. S.
VV. of ConQance, and is one of tf e
beft built towns in Switzeiland. Th«
government of this cantQn is arido-
cratical, being loJged in the ptincipal
inhabitajits and their reprcfenfativcs j
the common people have no fliare m
it, and their re) gion is the I'rciby-
terian or Calvinifni.
Zurich Lake, is 24 m. long,
and 3 broad, and by it the people of
Zurich have an opportunity of im-
porting and exporting their merchan-
dize, it having a communication with
the river Rh ne.
ZuTPHEN, a county of the Uni-
ted Netherlands, and the E. divi-
fion of the provintc of Gelderl.md,
is bounded by the province of Ovc-
ryflcl on the N. hy Munftcr in Welt-
phalia on the E. by tli.- ducliy of
CleeKS on the S. and by the V'cjue,
another divifiun at Gcldtiiiir.d, on
the W. being 30 m. long, and 24.
broad.
ZuTPHEN, E. Ion. 6. lat. 52,
15. a city of Zuiphcn, in Ctliicr-
Jand, fit. on the river Yflei, 16 m.
N. E. of Arnheim, and 8 m. S. of
I'evcnter, luppofed to have taken
its nan<e from its fituation in the
fenns, though now the country is
drained J it is much refcrtcd to on
account of the healthfulnefs ot the
fituation.
ZuYDERsrE, is a great bay of
th.e German ocean, which lies in
the middle of the United Provirues,
having the ifl.mds ot 'lexc', Fiie,
and Sciiellm^, ;it the entr»n.-j of it,
on the N, the provi ccs of rricz.
land, OveryOirl, and GLlderianJ, on
the E. Urrecht, and part of Hol-
land, on the S. and another pjit of
Holland on the W. in which there
are a great many puit ti wns ; but
the chki ii Aniilerdim, whj/e tu.
I
z w
z w
reign trade is equal, if not fuperior,
to that of any town in the world j
and yet the Zuyder fea is fo /hallow,
that it is with great difficulty the
Dutch fiat-bottomed veflels pafs over
it. The ufual entrance of this fea
is between the Texel and the conti-
nent of North Holland.
ZwEiBtuGGEN, a county of the
Palatinate of the Rhine, in Germa-
Tiv, fub. to the D. of Deuxponts*
See Deuxponts.
i^wicKow> E. Ion* 12. 35. lat*
50. 38, a town of the cir. of Upper
Saxony, in Germany, and territory
of Voigtland, fit. on the river Mul-
daw, 46 m. S. W. of Drefden, fub-
je£l to the Eiedtor of Saxony, King
of Poland.
ZwiNGKNBURG, OrSwiNGEN.
BURG, a town of the circle of the
Upper Rhine, in Germany, in the
land, of Heflfe Darmftat, iz m. N.
£. of Worms, Tub. to the land, of
HefTe Darmftat.
ZwotL* SeeSwoLL,
jr !
•■••'«
.,• !\' , -» -.r
■ J »<
•* ■<..„.'
M -
-■ '-» ■«. -i
>.i
. <
THE
u
» 4
4." **;•,.• ■,'■-> V
THE
GENEALOGIES and FAMILIES
.»
Of the feveral
Emperors, Kings, and Princes,
Now Reigning.
.♦
itNHALT BERNBOURG.
V
ICTOR FREDERIC, the
reigning Prince^ born 20 9ept.
1700,
ANHALT CCETHEN.
A
3b97.
UGUSTUS LEWIS, the
reigning Pnnce^ born 9 June
was field marfliAl to the King cf
PruiHa,
^ His KTue j
1. Prince Frederic Augufluf, born
8 Aug. 1734.
2. The Frincefs Catherine A-
leiriewna, born 2 May ijrg, rrar-
ried to Charles Peter Ulric, Diikc of
Hoiftcin Gottorp, and Grand Prince
of RuHia, by whom ihe had a fon
born this prefent year.
ANHALT DESSAU.
ANSPACH.
,v
W
1699.
ILLIAM GUSTAVUS, the
reigning Pr. born 20 Juno
ANHALT ZERBST.
JOHN LEWIS, the reigning
Prince, born la June ifi88. His
brother, Piince Chriftian Auguilus,
CHARLES WILLIAM FRE-
DERIC. Margrave of Bran-
denburg Anfpacb, born 21 May
1711, fucceeded to the Marquil'ate
7 January 1723, irarried Frederics
Louifa, fecond daughter of the late
King of Pruflia, J730J by whom
he hath ifTue a Ton, viz. Chnftian
Frederic Charles Alexander, the he-
reditary Prince.
P p a John
li
A U
A U
fohn Fre<!eric, gran-'fattier of the
♦eigning Marerave, hsid tfftje by his
fcond witt?, Leonora Erdmouth Lou-
ifa, daughter of George Duke of
S.ixe-E;repach, Wilhelmini Carolina,
horn 1 Marcli 16S3, ^^^ married
z Sept. 1705, to George Eledoral
Prince of Flanover, now K.. of Great
Bnta-.n. He had iflue alfo,
V/il!iann Frederic, father of the
^refent Margrave, awd brother of
Q^fen Caroline. ^
5 i
AUGSBOURG.
PRINCE JOSEPH, of F-IeiTtf
D-im fta'., born zz Jm. 1699,
fleeted L.lhoj) of Augibourg, anno
i7tO.
A U STK I A.
/
The prefent Royal Family.
MARIA THERESA, Arch-
duchefs of AuAria, eldeft
Q iiji:iitir of the late Emperor of
(itrmariy, Charles VI. was born on
the 13th of May 1717, and was mar-
Tiid tti francis Stephen, Duke of
Lovrain, iz Feb, 1736, by whom
ihe hath iffue,
r. liie Archduke Jofeph Benedidl
Aig'irt-iis, born 13 March J740.
2. The Archduke Cliarles Jofeph
Emani.fl, bt-rn 1 I'ch. 1745.
3. 'J hi! Archduke Peter Leopold
Jofeph John Aiuhony J(jachim Piu3
Gorhard, born May 1747.
4. Tiie Archdiichefs Maria Anna,
born 8 061. 17 3S.
5. The Archduchafs Maria Chri-
flina Jnfepha, born 13 May 1742.
6. The Archduchcfs Maria Eli-
zabeiha Jo'epha Joanna Anionielta,
boio 13 Aug. 1743,
7. The Archduchcfs Maria Ame-
lia Jofepha, born 26 Feb. 1745,6. .
The Archduchcfs, (now EniprcJi)
fuc<reeded to the hereditary domi-
nions of the houfe of Auflria, on
the death of her father, the late Em-
peror Charles VI. 20 Odob. 1740,
and was crowned Queen of Hungary
at Prefburg, the capital city, on iht
25th of June J741, and ^^ecn of
Bohemia at Prague, anno 1743. The
Grand Duke of Tufcany, her con-
fort, was elected King of the Ro-
mans, 13 Sept. 1745.
See the Emperor and Tus-
cany.
The Pedigree of the Aufirian family
the laft hundred years,
Lhopold, late Emperor of Ger-
many, tlie only furviving fon of the
Emperor Ferdinand III. was born
9 June 1640. He was appointed
King of Hungary by his father, the
Enipcr'^r Ferdinand HI. 27 ]\.\nz
1655, and King of Bohemia, 2 Aug,
165(3. He was eledlcd Emperor on
the 8th of July 1 658, after an
interregnum of eight months, and
crowned at Frankfort on the 22d of
the fame month. He married thiee
wives, I. Margaret, daughter of
Philip IV. King of Spain, on the
12th of April 1663, and fhe died
on the 20th of May 1673, leaving
him one daughter, named Mary
Antonictta, who married Mjximi-
lian, late Eleftcr of Bavaria. See
Ba VAK I A,
He married his fecond wife Clau-
dia, daughter of Ferdinand Arcl:-
duke of Infpruck, on the 15th of
Od< her 1673, who died without
ifTue, 8 Apiil 1676.
He married his third wife Mary,
the cldcft daughter of the Duke of
Newburg, afterwards Eledlor Pala.
tinr, 6 Jan. 1677, by whom he had
iffue, I. Jofeph, born 1678, and,
2. Charles, born 1 OiHob. 16815 j
and three daughters, viz. Mary Eli-
zabeth, horn 1680, 2. Mary Anne,
bora 1683 i and Maiy Mi6di!<>',
bom
6 A
B A
b«m J6S9. Leopold dying on the
5th of May, 1705, N.S. was luc-
ceeded by his eldeft Ton,
JosEFH, who had been crowned
King of Hungary, anno 1688, and
elected King of the Romans, anno
1690, and was of courfe declared
Emperor on the death of his father
Leopold, anno 1705. Jofeph mar-
ried Wilhelmina Amelia, daughter
to John Frederic, late Duke of Ha-
nover, anno 1699, by whom he had
two daughters, viz. Maria Jofepha,
born the fame year, 1699, and Ma-
ria Amelia, born anno 1701.
The Emperor Jofeph dying of the
fmall-poX) 20 April 17 11, his bro-
ther Charles King of Spain was elec-
ted Emperor on the 12th of O£lober
the fame year. He married the Pr.
Elizabeth Chriftina of Wolfembuttle,
anno 1708, by whom he had idue
the Archdiichefs Maria Therefa, the
prefent Queen of Hungary and Bohe-
xnki, and her fifter the Archduchefs
Mary Anne, mairied to Pr, Charles
of Lorrain*
The Emperor Charles dying 20
O£lob. 1740, his daughter, the el-
deft Archduchefs Maria Therefa, fuc •
ceeded to his hereditary dominions,
as related already. The Archduchefs
Mary Anne, confort to Prince Charles
of Lorrain, died in the year 1 744,
without ifluc, , , . . ,
Mii:quis Auguftus William George,
was born I4jan. 1707, and is mar-
ried to the Princefs Mary, daughter
of Duke Leopold of Aremburg.
BADEN DOURLACH.
TH £ reigning Marquis Charles
Frederic, was born 22 Nov,
1728, and fucceeded to the Mar-
quifate, 12 May 1738. Prince Wil-
liam, his brother, was born 14 Jan*
BADEN BADEN.
THE reigning Marquis Lewis
William George, was born
7 June 1702, and fucceeded his fa-
ther, the celebrated Prince Lewis of
Baden, GeneraliHimo of the Empire,
4 Jan. 1706 ) he married the Prin-
cels Mary Anne, the daughter of.
Adam Francis, Prince of Schwart-
zenburg, by whom he has iliue. The
Princels Elizabeth Augufta, born 16
Marcb 1726, The brother of the
BAVARIA.
The prefent Eledor's family.
MAXIMILIAN JOSEPH,
the reigning Eledlor of Ba-
varia, IS the eldeft fon of the late
emperor of Germany, and eledtor of
Bavaria, Charles VII. and of Mary
Amelia, youngeft daughter of the
late Emperor Jofeph, He was born
28 March, 1727, and fucceeded his
father in the eleftorate on the 9th
of January, 1744-5. He married
the Princefs Anne - Mary Sophia,
third daughter of Auguftus III. K.
of Poland and Eledor of Saxony,
13 June J747, N.S.
His Sifters j .
1. Mary Antonietta, lately mar-
ried to Frederic, eledoral Prince of
Saxony, eldeft Son of Auguftus,
King of Poland.
2. Maria Jofepha.
3. Jofepha Maria Vv'alpurgic,
Their mother the Eniprefs Ame-
lia is daughter of the late Emperor
Jofeph, and Dov.-agcr of the lafe
£o)perur Charles.
B A
B A
The late Eleftors for 80 years paft.
Maximilian Emanuel, E-
Icdlor of Bavaria, fon to the Eletlor
Fcrilinand, and grandlon of Maxi-
milian the firft Eledtor of Bavaria,
was born anno 1662, and fucceeded
his father anno 1679. He married
Maria Antonietta, the only daugh-
ter of tlie emperor Leopold, by his
firft wife Margaret, the youngcft
daughter of Philip IV, king of Spain,
annu i6>«;, by whom he had idue
Ferdinand Jofeph, who would have
been heir to the crown of Spain, bis
grandmother being the daughter of
Philip IV. king <if Spain (upbn the
death of Charles II. the lad king of
Spain without ilfut) the French king
j.ewis XIV, who married the other
tl.iughtcr of Philip IV. having re-
{jounved a!l claim to the crown of
Spain at the time of his marriage.
13ut a treaty for the partition of the
Spanifh monarchy was made anno
1698, between Great Britain, France,
and the United Provinces ; whereby
Spain and Spafiifli America only veie
allotted to Ferdinand Jofeph, the
rJeftoral prince of Bavaria j Naples
and Sicily to the dauphin of France j
and the duchy of Milan to Charles,
the emperor's fecond fon j but Fer-
dinand dying of the fmalUpox, anno
1690, ancther partition was made
tit the Spanifli monarch/ by the
fame powers, during the life of the
late king Charles II. However, the
French king prevailed on Charles to
make a will^ and give the whole
SpaniHi monarchy to Philip duke of
i\njcu» his grandfon, fecond fon of
the dauphin of France, and a£tually
placed Philip on the throne of Spain,
un the death of Charles II. anno
J7C0. See Austria, Frakcf,
and Spain.
Maximilian having buried his firft
wife Mary, daughter of the emperof
l^opoid, anno 1692, married the
f rinccfs Therefa Cunigunda, daugh-
ter of John Sobieiki king of Poland,
ftooo 1694, by Nvhom ixe hsd ifluc
Charles Albert Cajctan, anno 1^97,
2. Ferdinand Mary, born 1699,
}. Clement Auguftus, born anno
1700. And, 4. Theodore, born anno
1703. Maximilian dying anno 1726,
was fucceeded by his fon
Charles Albert Cajetan, who was
elected king of the Romans and
emperor of Germany, 13 January,
1742-3, and died 9 January, 1744-5,
being fucceeded in the electorate by
his fon Maximilian Jofeph, the pre-
fent eleftor, as above.
Ferdinand, fon of Maximilian, and
brother of the laft emperor, was born
5 Auguft, 1699, and married anno
1719, to the princel's Mary Anne of
Newburg, by whom he had fevcral
children, and is lately dead.
Clement Auguftus, fon of Maxi-
milian late duke of Bavaria, and bro-
ther of the late emperor, and duke
of Bavaria, Charles Albert Cajernn,
was born 5 Aug. 1700, and cholen
Bifhop of Munfter and Padcrborn,
anno 1719, and Archbifliop and
Eleftor of C)logn, 1 Nov. 1723.
He was eledled Bifhop of Hilde-
fheim, anno 1724, and Bifljop of
Ofnabrug, anno 1728. He is alfo
Provoft of Liege and Great Mafter
of the Teutonic Order. This Elcftor
crowns the Emperor, if the cere-
mony be performed in his diocefe j
and if not, he and the Eleflor of
Mentz crown him alternately.
His eftates are very confiderable,
confifting of the Duchy of Weft-
phalia, the Archbifliopric of Cologn,
which extends 100 miles along the
weftern bank of the Lower Rhftie j
befides the territories belonging to
the reft of the Bishopries, of which
he is fovercign, which are very ex-
ten five.
Theodore, fon of Maximilian,
Duke of Bavaria, and brother of the
Jate Emperor and Duke of Bava-
ria Charles Albert, was born anno
1703, and elefted Archbi/hop of
Ratilbon, in whicU fee he ftill re-
makst
B R
B R
BRANDENBURG-
BAREITH.
FREDERIC Margrave of
CaimbachBareith in Franco-
nia, born lo May 171 1, and fuccced-
eJ to the Marquifate 17 May 1735.
He married Frederica Sopiiia Wil-
hclmina, the elded daughter of Fre-
deric William, late King of Fruflia,
by whom he has one daughter, viz.
The Princefs Elizabeth Sophia Fre-
derica Wilhelmina, born 30 Auguft
173Z. married 24 Sept. 1748. to the
Duke of Wurteinburg.
BRANDENBURG-
A N S P A C H, or
OHNSPACH. See
Anspach.
■yi ir
0m
B R I T A I N.
The prefcnt Royal Family
of Great-Britain.
GEORGE II. King of Great
Britain, &c. and Eledtor 0^
Hanover, was born 30 06tober,
1683. He was created Prince of
Wales anno 1714, and fucceeded f^
the crown of Great Britain and
£le£torate of Hanbver on the death
of his father George I. who died in
-the night of 10 June, 1727. He
married the Princefs Carolina Wil-
helmina Dorothea, daughter of John
Frederic^ Margrave of Brandenburg-
Anfp9cb, and of Erd mouth Louifa
daughter of George Duke of Saxe-
Eijcnach, and of Janet Countefs of
Sayne, on the zid of June, 1705,
by whom he had iffue^
4
1. Frederic Louis, born 20 J^n,
17C7, who came over to En«,land
in Dccemb. 172S, and m.irricd the
Princefs Augufta, flfter to the reign-
ing Duke ui Saxe-Gotha, on the 27th
of April 1736, which Princefs was
born 19 Nov. 1719.
z, Anne, born 22 Oftob. 1709,
who married William Charles Frizo,
Prince of Naflau, Dietz, and Orange,
14 March 1733.
3. Amelia Sophia Leonora, born
30 May 1711.
4. Carolina Elizabeth, born 30
May 1713.
5. APiincewho died foon after
he was born, 8 Nov. 1716,
6. George William, born 2 Nov,
1717, who died on 5 Feb. the year
loliowing,
7. William Auguftus Duke of
Cumberland, born 15 April 1721.
8. Mary, born 22 February 1723,
married to Frederic Prince of He<Je-
Cart'el, fon of the reigning Landgrave,
anno 1740, by whom fl)c has three
Princes all living.
9. Louifa, born 7 Deccmb. 1724,
married to Frederic Prince Royal cf
Denmark, Nov. 1743.
The IlTue of the late Princk
OF Wales.
1. Augufta, born 31 July 1737.
a. George William, born 24 May
3. Edwaid Auguftus, born 14 of
March 1739.
4. Elizabeth Carolina, born 30
Dec. 1740.
5. William Henry, born 14 Nov,
'743- .
6. Princt Henry Frederic, bora
27 Oa. 1745.
7. Princefs Louifa Anne, born 19
March 1748 9.
8. Prince Frederic William, born
24 May 1750.
9. Carolina Matilda, born after h' f
father's death, 22 July 175 r.
Queen Carsline, late contort of K.
George II. died 20 Nov, 1737, in
the j6th year of ber age.
B R
B R
The Anccftors of the prefent Royal
Family for about 150 years paftt
James I. of England, and VI. of
Scotland, was the only Ton of Henry
Stuart Lord Damly, by Mary Queen
of Scot«, the only daughter ind hei-
•cfs of James V. King of Scofs, w ho
was the eideft fon of James IV.
King of Scuts, and Margaret his
wife, eldeft daughter of Henry VII,
King of England, whofe iHue, on
failure of children of Henry VIII.
were intitled to the crown of Eng-
lanl^. Qj^ Elizabeth, the youngeft
daughter of Henry VIII. died with-
out iffue and unmarried, on 24
March 1602-3.
King James I. married Anne, th«
daughter of Frederic II. King of
Denmark, anno 1589, by whom he
had ilTue,
X. Henry his eldeft fon, who died
at eighteen years of age, unmarried.
2. Robert, who died in his in-
fancy,
3. Charles, who fucceeded him.
^< He had alfo four daughters, viz.
1. Elizabeth, who married Fre-
deric V. Count Palatine of the
Rhine, elefted to the throne of Bo-
hemia, which he never poiTelTed.
2. Margaret, who died in her in-
fancy.
3, Mary, 7 Who died infants
4, Sophia, 3 ^^^°'
Upon the death of King James I.
27 March 1625, he was fuQceeded
by his only furviving fon
Charles I. born 19 Nov. 1600,
at Dumfermling in Scotland. He
married Henrietta Maria, youngeft
daughter of Henry IV. King of
France, 1 1 May 1625, by whom he
had iflue,
1. Charles, who died the fame
day he was born, viz. 18 Match
1628.
2. Charles, who fucceeded his
father in the throne, born 29 May
1630.
3. Mary, born 4 Nov. 16 31, wha
married William of Naflau Prince of
UrangCi and Scadtholder of the
United Provinces, 2 May 1641, \vTi»
died of the fmall-pox at L jndcn,
24 Dec. 1660.
4. James, born 14 0£>. 1633,
who (ucceeded his brother Charles II.
in the throne.
5. Elizabeth, born 28 Dec. 1635,
who died at 15 years of age, ua-
married.
6. Anne, born 17 March 1636,
who died near 4 years of age.
7. Henry, afterwards created D.
of Glocefter, born 20 July 1640,
died, unmarried, of the fmall pox at
London, 13 Sept. t66o.
8. Henrietta Maria, the King's
youngeft daughtfr, born 16 June
1644. She married Philip Duke of
Anjou, afterwards Duke of Orleans,
anno 1 66 1, by whom the had iflue
Mary Aloifa, married to Viftor
Amadeus the late Duke cf Savoy
and King of Sardinia, father of the
prefent King of Sardinia. See
Orange and Sardinia.
King Charles I. being murdered
30 Jan. 1648 9, the crown devolved
on his eldeft fon Charles, who was
kept out of the pofleffion of the go-
vernment by the powers then in be*
ing 12 years.
Charles II. was reftored, and en-
tered the city of London in triumph
on his birth-day, being the 29th cf
May 1660, The King married the
Princefs Catharine, Infanta of Portu-
gal, daughter of Don Peter King of
Portugal, by proxy j and, upon her
arrival in England, the marriage was
folemnized and confummated at
Portfmouth, 21 May 1662, fhe be-
ing then 24 years of age, by whom
the King had no living iftue.
James II. the 3d fon of Charles 1.
and only furviving brother and heir
of Charles IJ. fucceeded to the crown
6 f'ebruary i684>5. While he was
Dukt of York, and in exile, he was
contradled to Mrs. Anne Hyde (eldeft
daughter of the Right Hon. Edward
Hyde, Efi)} Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer, afterwards created Earl of
Clarendon and Lord Chancellor of
Englaod] at Breda in Brabant, 24
B R
B R
D.
Kov. 1659, and the marriage was
folcrrnized in England aftrr the re-
ftoration, viz. 3 Sept. 1660. The
iflue of which marriage were,
1. Charles of York, Duke of
Cambridge, born 22 Oflob. 1660,
yiho lived but 7 months.
2. Mary of York, born 30 April
1662, who married William Henry
of Naflau, Prince of Orange, after-
wards King of England, 4 Nov.
1677. She died of the fmall-pox at
Kenfingtcn, 21 Dec, 1694, with-
out iflue.
3. James of York, Duke of Cam-
bridge, born 12 July 1663, created
Earl of Cambridge, but died at three
years of age, anno 1667.
4. Anne of York, born 6 Feb.
1664, who married George Prince
of Denmark, fecond fon of Frede-
ric III. King of Denmark, 2S Juiy
1683, and fuccecded to the crown
of England, 8 March 1701-2.
5. Charles of York, Duke cf
KenJal, botn 4 July 1666, and died
in May 1667.
6. Ei^gar, Duke of Cambridge,
born 14 Sept. 1667, and died 8 June
1671.
7. Henrietta of York, born 13
January 166S-9, and lived but ten
months.
8. Catharine of York, born 9
February 1670, and died 5 Decem.
1671.
The Duchefs, their mother, dy-
ing 31 March 1671, the Duke of
York married his fecond wife Mary
d'Efte, daughter of Alphonfo d'Efte,
Djatke of Modena, and fifter of Fran-
cis the then reigning Duke, at Dover,
ai Nov. 1673, by whom he had
iflue,
1. Charles cf York, Duke cf
Cambridge, boni 7 Dec. 1677, who
died the December following.
2. Catharine Laura, born lo Ja-
nuary 1674, and died in Oftober
»675-
3. IfabelJa of York, born 28 Au-
guft 1676, died 2 March 1680.
4. Charlotte Maria uf York, born
i^ Auguft 1682, died the following
Oftober.
5. James Francis Edward, born lo
June 1688, who married the Princefs
Clementine Sobiefki, daughter of
James Sobiefki, fon of John Sobi-
e/ki King of Poland, by whom he
has iflTue two fors, viz, Charles Ed-
ward and Henry Benedift.
6, Louifa Maria Therefa, born
j8 June 1692, died at St. GtrmainU
8 April, N, S« 1712. See Mo-
dena.
The Prince of Orange landing at
Torbay in Devon/hire, 5 November
1688, and marching toward"^ London,
was joined in his march thither by
moft of King James's army j where-
upon the King embark'd for France,
23 Dec. 1688, and 13 Feb. 1688-9,
the convention of Lords and Com-
mons met, which had been fum-
moned by the Prince of Orange, and
declared that the throne was vacant
by the abdication of King Jnmes ;
and that the Prince and Princefs of
Oronge were King and Queen of
England, France, and Ireland, but
that the full exercife of the royal
power fliould be executed only by the
Prince in both their names, remain-
der to the heirs of the body of the
Princefs, remainder to the Princefs
Anne of Denmark, and the heirs of
her body, remainder to the heirs cf
the body of the P. of Orange. And
the Prince and Princefs of Orange
were proclaimed King and Queen ac-
cordingly, 13 Feb. 1688. Queen
Mary died 21 Dec. 1694, and King
William, 8 March 1^01-2, without
iflue. Whereupon the Princefs Anne
of Denmark, fecond daughter of King
James II. was proclaimed Queen.
Her iflue by Prince George of Den-
mark, whom fhe married 28 July
1683, were,
1. A daughter flill-born, 12 May
1684.
2. Mary, born 2 June 1685, dici
Feb. 1 6 go.
3. Anne Sophia, bom it May
1686, died Feb. following.
4. Wii-
B R
B R
4. William, Duke of Glocefler,
born 24 July 1689, died 30 July
1 700.
5. Mary, born 0£b. 1690, who
lived only to be baptized.
6. George, who died aifo roon
after he was born.
frince George, the Queen's con*
fort, died a8 Oft. 1708. He was
55 years of age, being born anno
^653-
Queen Anne dying 1 Aug. 1714.
and leaving no children, George,
Elector of Hanover, the next pro-
teftant heir, fucceeded to the crown«
by virtue of feveral a£ls of parlia-
ment for fecuring the proteftant fuc •
cefiion.
George Lewis, Eleflor of Hanover,
(fon of Erneft Auguftus, £le£lor of
Hanover, and the Princefs Sophia,
daughter of Frederic V. Ele£lor Pa-
latine and king of Bohemia, and of
the Princefs Elizabeth, the only fur-
viving daughter of Jannes I, King of
England) was born 28 May 1660, and
married Sophia Dorothy, the only
daughter and heirefs of his uncle
George William, Duke of Zell, anno
1682, by whom he had idue,
I. George Auguftus, born 300ft.
1683.
a. Dorothy Sophia, born 16
March 1686-7, married to Frederic
William, Prince Royal of Pruflia,
»8 Nov, 1706, who fucceeded his
father, 25 Feb. 1713, and dying 31
May 1740, was fucceeded by his
fon Charles Frederic, the prefcnt
King of Pruflfia, born 24 Jan. 17 11.
See Prussia, .,
BRUNSWICK.
The reigning Prince.
CHARLES, Duke#f Brunf-
wick Wolfembuttlc and Be-
▼eren, the fon of Ferdinand Albert,
Duke of WolfembutUe and Beve-
ren, by Philippina Charlotte, third
daughter of the late King of Prufli.i,
was born anno 1713, and fucceeded
his father anno 1735. He was mar-
ried 2 July 1733, to Philippina
Charlotte, daughter of Frederic Wil-
liam, King of PrufTia, by whom he
has iHue.
1. Charles William Ferdinand,
the hereditary Prince, born 9 06t.
»735-
2. Prince Frederic Auguftus, born
29 06V. 1740.
3. Prince Albert Henry, born 26
Feb. 1742.
4. Prince William Adolphus, born
18 May 1745.
5. The Princefs Sophia Carolina
Maria, born 7 0£V. 1737*
6. The Princefs Anna Annclia,
born 24 0&, 1739.
7. The Princefs Louifa Fredcrica,
born 18 Dec. 1743.
Genealogy of the Houfe of Biunf-
wick.
The princes of this houfe are de-
fcended from Erneft Duke of Lunen-
burg and Zell, who died anno 1546.
The branch of Wolfembuttle, from
Henry his eldeft fon, and that
of Lunenburg or Hanover, from
William the youngeft fon.
Brunfwick Wolfenbuttle was dU
vided into three branches.
1. Biunrwick, extinft in 1704-,
2. Wolfenbuttle, extinft in 1705.
3. Beveren, on which brancl^!^
territories of the other two are ae-
volved.
Lewis Adolph, the laft Duke of
Brunfwick Wolfenbuttle, married
Chriftina Louifa, Princefs of Ottin-
gen, anno 1690, by whom he had
three daughters, viz.
1. The Princefs Chriftina Eliza-
beth, married to the late Emperor
Charles VL
2. Charlotte, married to Alexis,
Prince Royal of Ruftia, and only (on
of Czar Peter the Great*
3«
X
■» .
G H
D E
5. Antonietta Amelia, married to
Fetdinand, Duke of Biunl'wick Be-
Teren.
Ferdinand, Prince of Beveren, who
fucceeded to the Duchy of Wolfen-
buttle, on the death of Lewis Adulph,
the laft Duke of Wolfenbuttle, had
iflue, by the Princefs Antonietta A-
melia, daughter of the lake Duke of
Wolfenbuttle,
I. Charles, the reigning Dulie,
born I Aug. 1713.
z. Anthony Uiric, born 28 Aug.
1714, married to ^'Inne princefs of
Mecklenburg.
3. Chriflina Elizabeth, born 28
Nov. 17 15, married to the prefcnt
King of Pruflia.
4. Lewis Erneft, hqfn 25 Sept.
1718.
5. Auguftus, born 23 Nov. 1720.
6. Ferdinand, born 12 Jan. 172 1.
7. Louifa Amelia, born 29 Jan.
J 722, married to William Augullus,
Prince Royal of Pruflia.
8. Sophia Antonietta, born 23
Jan. 1724.
9. Albert, born 4 May 1725.
10. Chridina Charlotte Louifa,
born 30 Nuv. X7»6.
XI. Therefa Natalia, born 4 June
1728.
12. Juliana Maria, born 4 Sept.
This Prince baniflied the Jcfults,
and the reft of the Chridian milfiona-
ries out of his dominions, and com-
pelled their profelytes to renounce
chriiliamty, .
I
i.
CHINA.
XUNCHI, or Tso.uTE, king
of Niuche, a Tartarian king«
dom, North-eaft of China, taking
advantage of the civil wars in Chi-
na, joined one of the contending
parties, and made an entire con-
queft of the empire of China, about
one hundred years ago, and from
him is defcended the prefent empe-
ror Canghi, who took upon him the
name of Yoag Ching, which figni-
fks lading peace, at liis acceflion,
anno ijzzt
C O L O G N.
PRINCE CLEMENT AU-
GUSTUS, of Bavaria, bro-
ther to the late Emperor Charles VII.
was born 16 Aug, 1700, chofen
archbiihop and eledor of Cologn iz
Nov. 1723, elected bifliop of Hil-
defliiem 1724, bifhop of Ofnabrug
1728, biftop of Munfttr and Pader-
born 1729, and Grand Mafter of the
Teutonic Order, i June 1732,
DENMARK. ,
The prefent Royal Family*
FREDERIC V. King of Den-
mark, was born 31 March
1723. He was married November
1743, to the Princefs Louifa, young-
cfl daughter of his prefent Majefty
George II. King of Great- Britain,
by whom he has had iflue,
). The Princefs Sophia Magdalcna*
2. Wilhelmina Carolina.
3. Prince Chriftian,
4. Princefs Louifa.
The Queen dying, his Dani/h Ma-
jefty married again to the Princefs
J')hanna, daughter of the Duke of
Wolfembuttie,
The genealogy of the Kings of Den-
4Hp)c the lafl 100 years. ^
Fredkric III. King 0/ Den-
rhark, iucceeded his father Chridian
IV. anno 1648 j in whofe rcign,
VIZ. 1660, the cumiDoas being op-
pitilkJ
D B
E M
prefTei by the nobility, agreed to
make the King abfolute, and the
crown hereditary j the legiHative and
executive power being lodged m the
fiates till that reign.
The ilFuc of Frederic III. were
the Princes Chriftian and George,
fuid feverai aaore that ace dead with-
out jflue, 5 > H^ ^
Chriftijn V, fucceeded his father
Frederic III. anno 1670.
His brother Prince George mar-
ried the Princefs Anne, daughter of
James Di:ke of York, afterwards
King of Great Britain. The Prin-
cefs fucceeded King William in that
throne, and had iilue, William
Duke of Gloceder, who lived to be
II years of age. She had feveral
more children by the Prince, but
the Duke of Gioce^ler, and all of
them, died without ifTue* See Bri-
tain,
Frederic IV. fan of Chriftlan V.
and Charlotte Amelia, daughtw of
"William L:i dgrave of Hcfle, was
born II Oct. 1671, and fucceeded
his fathf-r 4 Sept. 1699. He marr
ried the IViiice's Louifa, daughter of
Gun:avus Adolphus, Duke of Meck^
lenburg Cuitraw, by whom he had
ifflie Prince Chriftian, born 10 Dec.
1699, and Charlotte Amelia, boru
6 Oft. 1706, and fome other chil-
dren fince dcceafcd. Frederic mar-
ried a feccnd wife, the daughter of
Count Raventlaw, chancellor of Den-
mark, within four days after the de-
ceafe of the firft wile, and died 13
Oii. 1730,
Chriftian VI. fuccetded his father
Frederic VI. He wait born 10 Dec,
1699, .ind mairird S»>pliia Magda-
lena of Brandojibjrg \.'ulnibjch, by
whom he had iflue his prefeut Ma-
jcfty Frederic V. bon 3rMarch
1723, and the Princefs Ldwta bum
19 Oi>. i7a6.
DtuxfONTs, Sec Paiati-
KATX,
l.^-li^' ,
■ t^M^ Mi -x-wf
EICHSTAT BISHOPRIC.
JOHN ANTHONY, Baron
of Friburg, ele^ed bithop 8 Dec.
1736.
Electors of the Empire.
THEJRE are three Ecclefia-
ftical, and fix Secular Elec-
tors. The three Ecclefiaftical Elec-
tors aie the Archbifliops of Mnitz,
Triers, and Cologn, for the time
being.
The fjx Secular Ele^ors are, t.
The King of Bohemia. 2. The
Count Palatine of the Rhinj. 3.
The Duke of Saxony. 4. The Mar-
quis of Brandenburg. 5. The Duke
of Bavaria J and, 6, The Duke of
Hanovfr and Zell.
Joh Frederic d'Oftcin Engleheim,
was chofeii Archbishop and EIc<Stor
of Mentz, 23 April 1743, in the
room of Philip Charles d'Elrz, who
died 21 March 1743, '^'"g 78 years
of age.
Francis George de Schocnborn,
born 15 June 168a, was chofera
Archbilhop and Elector of Triers,
2 May 1729. - V '^ •
Clement Auguftu% brother to tht
late Emperor and Eledtor of Bava-
ria, born 16 Auguft 1700, was
eleded Archbiffiop and EieAor of
Cologn, anno 1723. S.-c Bavaria.
The lix Secular Ele^urs will be
fouad under tluir proper titles.
Emperor of Germany.
Tr> R A N C I S, Duke of Lorrain,
JP born 8 Dec. 170^. ElcdJed
Eonpcrof 13 Septea.bcr 1745 i fuc-
ceeded
F R
F R
ceeJcd his father in the Dachy c>f
Lorra n 27 Mar^h 1/21, nnd ceded
that Duchy to King Stanifiaus 24
Scpr. 1756 J for which the £rfat
Duchy of Tu'cany was ccd -d to h m
9 J^'y '73^« ^^^ married the
Aichduchefs Muia Tiinc'';i, new
Qiiccn of Hun<ziry and Jjohem a,
12 Feb. 1736, h>cc Austria and
Ilscany,
FRANCE.
The prcfcnt Royal Family.
IE WIS XV. Ton of the Intc
_j P'lke cf P.iirrundy, nnd of
/vi.iiy Adt;!iiide, diu^iitcr cf Vidtor
Arnadcu , Jarc Djke of S ivoy, born
J 5 Fv-b. 1710, (uccf'ded his great
grand rather Lcsvis XIV. i Stptt-m.
17 1 1). A contrjft of marriage ^^as
mj-'e l-ctwcen Lewis XV, and Mi-
r.a Anna X'jitorn, Infinta of Spjin,
to which his Mdjeliy de iared his
confrjit in council on 17 Septemhcr
|-2i. N. S. 'i hii J'riMiifs, being
then in the fourth jcir o\ her age,
n Kle her pijblic entry into I'uris, 2
March 1721 2, when the Fitnch
couit paid her al! the honours due to
their <juccii. But fhe wa?. fent back
ty Sp.nn, 5 Apr.l J 72 5, and on 5
September foliovinf, the King of
France was married to th.c I'l in^cls
M-iry Leozin/ki, davsjihrer cf Stani-
fiaus, the depofed king of i'ol.inJ,
by whom he lias l-ad tlie following
iliue, VIZ.
J, 2, Muiame de Fiance and Mi-
('.ime de Ciurtre?, tvvin«, born 14
Aug. 171-. 'i'he c'Jed iw r ied to
y\\ hp, the rr" gniig Diilce of Parmi,
tv whom )ie Ji:i': ifTue a Princcls.
3. Lewis t'le Djiiohin, born 24
All,;. 17:9. At,irru-J anno 1'44,
to th? Princefs Donna M<«ri,» Ati-
t inierta, Infanta of Spain, d,i«phter
of IMiilip V. Ine King of Spnn, by
his fecond Q^ccn, the Piinceli of
I'irma.
The Danphinefs dying in ciii't!-
bcd, loft no l.virg jluie j wherti.p in
the Danrlrn was mirricd pj-n n 13
June J 747, to the IVinctf. M^na
Jofepha cf Fohind, dauj-hrer of Au-
kniflus in. King uf IVhind, and
F.lcfkor ot S.ixrr.y,
4.— l-)i'k.c cf Anjou, Loin 30
Aug. i;'30.
5. Iicnrietta, born 2^ March, NT.
S. 1731 2.
C Aceliide, b->rn 11 Miy I '3';.
7. Viitoria, horn 27 Jily J 7 3/^.
8. A ^lincef^ horn 5 May I7",6.
9. A Prinrefs bf^rn if. J'lly i"'3r.
Of wliom Madamf dc Chart 'cj,
the D.jkc of Anjou, zT.t ih^ fuih
I'lincefs, are doad.
The Genealogy of the prrfent RoyaJ
Family fjr 130 years p.ifl.
Henry IIF. ths laft King nf the
hou c ot \ aloi?, being rt?^.Iiod by
JimcsC'cTent, a )(i:ng Iriar, died
2 Aug. I -go, w' hi.ur ilTue, and wai
fucceeied l^j Hrniy of Roiirbon, Ktnj
of Navarre, r-ired in blood to the
crown a'ter the cxr nftion ol the
hou'e of Valoi«,
llenry IV. mirri.-d the Pi-vefs
Mir^aret, liHer of thr late F.'ng
Hen'y \\\. ly whom h • had no iiluc.
AUer h'T death, h- marrxd the
Princefs Mary rf M-d.eis, dang' ter
of the Duke «»f Tuf^.inj, ly wh.m
he hsd three fons, viz.
1. Lewis Xni. who fdccccvh'J
him, bi'in 27 Sept. j6oi.
2. 'i'he Duke of Oil?an«, who
died at 4 ycirs of .i-r.
3. J )hn Ci'rti-n, Puke of Arjon,
afciwaids Ptikc of Oi leans j anj 3
d msjhter', v'/.
1. Elizabeth, who rr.jr'ic! tl e Vx,
Royal «»^ hpan, a'lerw.-'r.'s I'hi.ip IV.
2. CiriHiiii, mnried to Victor
Aniadeu«, Puke o* Savoy,
3. Hciriet a, mariied ti. Charles I.
King of Fngl.ind.
iJenry IV. lemg Pahhr.' bv Ra»
villac the fii.ir, 14 Ma\ iCjo, waf
fiiccecd;d by his (on F."«vis XliL
th.Mi II) the 9ih year of his rir,
C^q * i 'wis
O R
F U
Lewis XIII. married Anne of Au-
Aiia, Infanta ot Spain, anno 1612,
by whom he had ifiue Lewis the
Dauphin of France, born on the 5th
of Sept. 1638, and Philip afterwards
Duke of Orleans.
Lewis XIll. dying 14 May 1643,
was fucceedcd by his eldcft Ton Lcvsis
XIV, then in the 5th year of his
age, who married the Infanta Maria
Thcrefa, eideft daughter of fhihp
IV. K:ng of Spain, anno 1660, by
whom lie had iiVue only one fon that
lived, viz. Lewis the Duuphin, burn
I Nov. J 66 1, wh'j married Maty
Anne Chrillina, fifter to Maximilian
the late Duke of Bavaria, by whom
he had iliue.
1. Lewis, Duke of Burgundy, born
anno 1682,
2. Philip, Duke of Anjou, late
King of Sjuin, born 1683.
3. Carton, Duke of Berry, born
anno 1634, who died without iflue.
Lcwi"^, Di,i!ce of Burgundy, mar-
ried AdclaidCjoldeft daujjhtcruf. Vic-
tor AmadevjE, late Duke of Savoy,
and had idue by her two fons, fliicd
l)ukes of Berry, fuccdlivcly, ^ho
died id their inlaiicy, and Lcwfe a
third fon, the prtfeui K. of France,
born anno 17 10.
Lewis the Dauphin died anno 17 1 1 ;
Lewis Dike of Bargundy, h.s fon,
died uniio 1712^ and Lewis XIV.
Ki.i^ of France, father of the DaU-
rhin and grandfather of the Duke
♦>f Burgundy, died i Scptem. 1715.
Wlicr. upon he' was fiicceedcd by hiS
f.re.it grandfon Lewis XV. the only
tirviving fou of I he late Duke of
Burgundy, whofe family has been
ahvady treated of.
Henrietta Maria, daughter of Charlet
1. King of England, by whom he
had one daughter, vir. the Prin-
ccfs Anna Maria, married to Vj<ftor
Amadeus, lake Duke of Savoy, who
had illue by her the prefeiu Duke
of Savcy, King of Sardinia. Phi-
lip was married a fecond time in
1671, to Charlotte Elizabeth, daugh-
ter of Charles Lewis Eledlt r Palatine,
by whjm he had iffuc Philip Duke
ol Chartres, afterwards Duke of Or-
leans, born in 1674, and Elizabeth
Charlotte, married to the late Duke
01 Lorrain. Philip dying anno 170 r,
wai lucceedtd by his fen Philip Duke
of Orleans, late Regent ol Fiante,
who hid iiVae Lewis Dukco^ Orleans,
bi^rn 4 Aujj. 1703, and dying 2 Dec.
1723, was fuceeedcd in that hopour
by his fon Lewis, ihc prcftnt Duke
of Orleans, on whom the crown of
France is entailed on failure of male
ilVue of his prefent Majefly j for
Philip King oi Spain, feconi Ion of
the late Dauphin, and ^randfon of
Lewis XIV. was excluded by his own
confcnt, at the tre;ity of Utre. lit,
fiom inheriting the crown ot Fianti.',
upqn condition of bdng recogni/ed
King el Spam, by the parties to that
treaty.
The Princefs Louifa, daughter of
Philip Duke of Orleans, late Re-
gent of France, married Di. n Lewis
Prince of Afturias, and at'tcrwaiJs
King of Spain, anno i72i, an.l
that King dying without idue,
1 Auguil 1730, flic returned to
France, where iLe died 19 Febvuaiy,
O R
R L E A N S Duke, f U R S T E N B U R G
firft Prince of the BlooJ S T U L E N G E N.
qH Er»ncc, hJ^» A^^^Wrs.
•QRINCK JOSEPH WILMAM
m I Kfi. -t «f i»^
'} f 1
ERNES 1', born I Apn
of
PHILIP, Duke of Orleins, ^ ,
youngcll fon of Lewis XIII. married. M^ry Annp, Countcis ..
•lid brolhw to Lewij XIV. marned WalJftcin, by whom iw hath illie,
< 1 4 '•
HE
X. Prince Chirlej Egon. a, Maria
Auguda. 3. Maria Henrietta. 4,
Maria Emanuel. 5. Profpcr Maria,
and, 6. Maria Therefa** ,.,,.., ..,,
'i'G Jttaloy
,...-,:n--i3,/
:■ vui i
'W*^
C. ' i " '■
GERMAN EMPEROR.
See Austria and Tus-
cany, ■' '■-"'';," •- '. •
HANOVER. See Bri-
• TAIN and B&UNSWIC.
iK in;;j(;;
1;-.. .,•_'):
;rj ( I': /^,.,ju vil> -tfc ,)(ltll»JU
r.^it
HESSE-CASSELr
HE
HESSE DAiRMSTAT.
THE Landgrave Lev:\s VIII.
born 15 April 1691, fucceeded
to the Landgravate, 12 Sept. 1639*
His fon, the hereditary Prince Fre-
deric Lewis, was born 15 Dec. 171^,
and married 11 Aug. 1741, to the
Prircefs Henrietta Carolina, daughter
of Chrif^ian 111. Count Palatine of
Deuxponts, by whom he hfts itFuc
one Ton, born anno 1746.
Prince Leopold, coufin-german to
the Landgrave is reneral of the Dutch
forces. See AvciSBUkG.
HESSE HOMBURG.
THE LanJgrtve Fr-^«ric Char?ct
Lewlf, was born April i7-4«
TH E reigning Prin<fe is Wii-
ham, Land, of Hellc-Cairel,
and Earl oi Hanau.
. i.. - .. , \i
His fon, Prince Frederic, was born
l4Aup. i;zo, and married the Pri.i-
ceis Mary, daughter of his preleot
Majefly George H. King oi Great
Bri' in, a8 June 1741 ; by whom
he i.arh ifTue Prince William, born
J9 Dec. 1744, and two younger I'rin-
cer, all living.
■ a. Prince Maximilian, brother of
the Landgrave, General and Field-
Marfhal of the force? of the Emprcfs
i^ecn, was born 28 May 1OS9.
^. Prince George of Hefle CafTrl,
fccond brother of the Landgjave, \sas
bom 8 Jan. 16^1.
HESSE RHiNEFIELD.
JOSEPH, eldeft fon of the late
Lan.lgtavc Leopold, is the reign-
ing Landgrave. ,,, |K,i UtA.UVM '
I'tll /Uli^l
HESSE WANFRIED.
THE Landgrave Chiiflian, born
II Jii!y 1689, married if
A>ig. 17^1, to Nfcry France*), Coun-
ts ft 01 Huhcniue.
<^<jz
HO-
H,0
»:i
,1 N
dopted by the Czarina Elizabeth,
Grand Duke and heir to tfie throne
HOUENZOLLERN- of Ruflia, iSKovemb. 17^2; mar.
H ti" r"^ H T M V "* V M *^'^^^ '^ ^^'* I'rncefs Catherine Alex:.
riJl,V>^rlirSVjiLi>l. e^vn^, daughter of }• hn l^wis, the
P
reig,riing Piirne of Anlialt - Zcrbft,
R I N C E Frecieric Lewis, born See Swi:j)i;N.
30 Au£. i6i3. f /i
■*»
HOHENZOLLERN-
SIGMARINGEN.
HOLSTEIN PLOEN.
P
D
UKE Fredeiic Charles, born
4 /^uijuft 1706, fvcceedwd to
RINCE Joeph Frederic Er- this Dothy 25 Jn. 1722,
neitj bcra 24, May 1703^ ^
».v
»'.i
-. *o
HOLSrEIN B£CjK,.y.
DUKE Frederic Wi)i;.riTi„Gf.
niral JrtJ Fic'd-Mju'h-jya
i:-.^ .'cf.M* of rie fCiA* of'|*iUiOTt
loui j8Juaei6S7,^jj inc ^^cK.id
HOLSTEIN GLUCKS-
DUKE Frfderfo, borh 1 April
17CI, Ibcceedcd to this Du-
chy, 10 Nov, 1725.
ioirt /.o| e^J ,n<^i3..a to n^>fi *>
HOLSTEIN SUNDER-
" BOURG.
DUKE Chriftlan Avgu(?u«,
b«vn 4., Aug. 1696, fucfeed-
ed to th:s Duchy 12 March 1732.
*-r* T| ^1 -■* *!• .1 . ►* !
i
"•14^ f •: ijntAlLI^. v.-
HOLSTEIN GOT..
u TO PR. ->^ii^'
DUKE Charles Peter Ulrir,
born anno 17271 fucceedfd
to this Duchy li June 173^ I-
• f 4 1
^cJ;^i J|5?^-^ ,bn.;'f.*no •ifi:>» "'^'■l
INDIA or INDOSTAN.
TAMERLANE the Cre.f,
a Prince of Ulbec Tartaiy,
founded this Empire abfiit th«
ye.ir 14C0, from whom the fuc-
cefsful Aiirengzeb defccndcd, who
m'tle an cntiie crnqucft of all ihc
Hither InJi>, and diui in the year
17C7.
'J hu prffent M'^gul, his great
gTardlon, fuicceJcd to the throne
anno i7'.o, who fuiTeicd hin-.felt
to bt made prifonir by Kouli Km,
^'.-- the
L U
M E
tte late King of P.-rfia, and his L U N E N B O U R G.
country to be plundered, and at Cp- RrITAIN.
length gave up the wertern piovin-
ccs to the conqueror, to obtain his .^____________^_____^__«
liberty.
■'•(<
G
MALTA. 4
RAND-MASTER of Malta^
Emanuel Pmto of Portugal.
Ire.f,
taiy,
the
fuc-
who
the
year
LIEGE BISHOPRIC.
CARDINAL John Theodore,
brother to the Jate Effiperor
Lharics VII. Elector of Bavaria,
boin 3 September 1703 j e'edcd
Biftiop of Ratifbon, 29 July 1719 »
eleftcd Bifhop of Liege, 23 January
17^4, and Coadjutor to Freifingeo,
23 Feb. 1727.
MANSFIELD.
HENRY FRANCIS IT.
Count Mansfield apd Priace
of Fondi.
LORRAIN and BARR.
FRANCIS L Duke of Lor-
rain arkd Emperor of Germany,
born 8 December 1708. He ceded
this Duchy to Staniflaus, the de-
pofed King of Poland, 24 Sept. 1736,
and it is to be united to the domi-
nions of France on the death of
K. Staniflaus. See Emv irok and
Tuscan y»
MAYENCE or MENTS.
TT^Rancis Godcfroy Charles John
W/ Frederic Anthtwy, Count O-
ftein, born anno 1689, chofen Arch-
bishop and Ele<ftor of Mcntz, iz
April 1743, elefted Coa^jitor to iha
Bifhop of Worms, 7 Ocl. 1748.
MECKLENBOURG
SCHWERIN.
PRINCE Frederic, fon of D.
Charles Leopold, noM the reign-
ing Duke.
LUBECK BISHOPRIC. MECKLENBOURG
STRELirS.
ADOLPHVS FREDiRIC,dQke •' fl
of HoUUin Eutin, elca^d hi- T^U K E Adoinhws Frederica III,
ll»op of Lubctk, 16 Stjiteinl»« 1727. ^ 3 bom iS'Juhl loS^, Imctcii-
SecSwADiM, ca to this Di.chv, li Ma; i-jc%.
M O
N A
JI'S brf tbcr Prince Charles Lewis,
born 13 Febinarv 17C8 ; who mar-
rittl the I'rince s Albeitinc Eliza-
beth, the dr.ujjliter ot" Em* ft Fre-
picric, Duke of SaxhiUbturthaufen,
by whcm he hath iliue the I'rinces
A-lolj h'js Fredtr'c II. I'lrnf c Charles
l^ewi"? Frederic U'. IVincc Erneft
>\l!nT% ard the Piincefs Chriftina
St'phid Albcrtine.
MECKLENBOURG.
(
^H.^RLES LEOPOLD, Duke
J of Mecklenbourg, b» rn anno
1179, and fuccccded his brother
Frircric William anno 1713. He
m?rrid Sophia Hc>l\vig, <"u1cr of
the late Prince of Or^n^e cmJ Naf~
f.ui Fritflan.l 2?> May 170$^, from
vvlirni he fcp; rated himfelf anno
1710, and rr...nitd 'Catharine the
chUii daughter of Czar J< hn, late
Errfpt'or of Rufiia, by whom he
hntl ((fue
Tiis Prircefs Anne, married to
Anthony Ulric D ike of BruTVfwic-
W'dfembuttlp, who had ifluc
John, who fucceedcd the Czarina
Anne in the ihrone of Ruflia 28
Oi\. 1740, being then fix months
old, was depolcd by the Czarina
El'znbeth, the reigning Emprefs of
KuiVta, 5 Dfc. 17,0, by whom the
yoong Crat with his f/ither and mo-
ther, and feveral children they have
had fincc, were imprifoncd in fome
cbfcHre pl-KfSi the Dakc Anlhony
LMric being now frparated from his
conr.rt. bee Russia and Ctt UNS-
wic. , . '
c?fded Rennrd de EOe, Duke of
Modena in Dercmb. 1737, and m .r-
r.ed the PrinccCs Lharibttc daughter
of Philip II. Duke cf Orleans, by
whom he has iflue, the I'rince of
Modena, married to the pj incefs of
M.illi Cartra, end icvtral other
children.
Mary Eleanor Beatrix, daujihter
of Alplionfo dc Efl'e bte Dui<e of
Modena, marric.i Jan-es Duke of
Votk, afterwards Kirg of Creat-
Biitain, anno 1^73, by w hc;m fhe
had in'uc James Fiantis E'i\\ard,
born 10 June 1688, and Louifa
Maria Therefa, born 18 June ifiqj,
who d;ed 18 April 17 12, r.nd k ve-
ra! other childien that died in their
infancy. . - >> ^.. • . . ■ •
Jannes Francis Edward, tjfua'ly Ai-
led the Pietender, married the Prin-
cefs Clementina Stbieiki, d.mjjhtcr
cf James Sobieflci, frn ot J( hn So-
bieJki late Kino; of Poland, by whom
he has ilTue Chailes Edward, b^rn
3? Dec. 1720, and Henry Benedict,
bcrn 6 March 1725.
MUSCOVY. See
Russia.
NAPLES.
Sicily.
Sec
« *»■■■•.
MODENA. '^ 'h
.FRANCIS MARIA DEES'lT?.
' Dnke of Mcdeoa, Hepigio, • n4
F
♦Vlirar.dria, born in Jwi; x6^3, lie-
NASSAU. See
Orange. ..
ORANGE,
O R
P A
ORANGE. '.
J • .»^-^ ;. - - _ . - , .
WILLIAM HENRY NAS-
SAU, Prince of Orange,
hered'.tarj' Statholder of the United
Provinces, Captain-gpneral and A4-
miral, was born 8 March 1747-?.
The Princefs Caroline his fider
was born 18 Feb, 1742-3,
John William Frizo, grandfather
of the preicnt Prince, was born in
I'''S7, and married Mary Louifi,
dauj»htcr of Charles Landgrave of
Helie-'2aflcl, in 1709, by whom he
had ilTue Charles Henry Fiizo, fa-
ther of the prefent Prince, heredi-
tary Prince of WeiV-friclland and
Gioningcn, and elcclcd Stiihoider
of the reft of the United Provinces,
anno 17471
That Prince was l>orn zi Atiguft
1711, O. S. and married Anne
Piinccfs Royal of Great-Britain, 14
Mach 1734, by whom he had Jli'ue
as above.
Jol)n William Frizo, grandfather
of the present Prince, was appointed
heir of the houfc of Orange by K. Wil-
liam III. and accidently drown'd in
pii'.ing a ferry in Holland 14 July
171 J, the late Prince being born a
month alter his death. ,
Princes of Nassau.
u
Of this houfe there were three
principal branches,
T. Orange, extin£t on the death
of King William III,
2. Dillenburg, divided into the
branches of, .0
I. S pen. * -
2- Dillenbnrg,
3. Diets, now called NafTau-
^ Fricfland or Orange, and
4» Hadamar, extind\ in 171 1.
3. Saarbruclc, divided into, the
families of the Counts of IdflciM,
Wcilburg, Otweilcr and Utiiigeu.
PALATINE Elcilor.
CFTARLES PHILI#, Duke of
Newburp, and Prince (f Sult-
/b:)ch, Ton of John ChriOian, late
Prince of Siiltfliach, was born i De-
cember 1724, and fuccecded the late
Eleclor Charles Philip in the Elec-
t.;r2tc 31 December 174a. He (uc-
ceeried alfo to the Duchic of Bers;
and Julicrs, to which the E'eOors of
Saxony and Brandcnhmg laid claim,
bur. fufiercd tlic Eledlor Palatine to
take peaceable pollrllinn of ti.em.
Prince Chriliian IV. C( tint Pa-
latine of Deiixponts and Birkcn-
field, born 6 Sept. 1721.
Piirce Frederic his brother, born
anno 1724.
PARMA.
- I
EDWARD FARNESE, Dnlcc
of Parmn, married Dorothy
Suphia of Newbmg, rtfter to the
late EleeVor Palatine, and the Em-
prefs Dowager, widow of the late
Emperor Leopold, and died anno
1693, having had illuc by her a
Prince named Alexander, who died
foon after his birth, and a Princefs,
named Elizabeth, married to Phiiip
King of Spain, anno 1714.
Prince Francis Farne'e fiu-cfded
his brother Edward in the Diuhy of
Parma, anno 1693, and in 169 5,
married his brother's widow, the
Princefs Sop!i;a, mother to the ^,
Djwagcr ct Spain, for which rl,e
Pope granted him a di;"i enfation,
notwithliandifig his brother hr.d if?ue
by her then living. Duke Francis
died 22Fcbrutry 1726-7, pgfd 49,
whereby his IrofheTs dan^htt r l.ii-
zabeth, Qoeen - Dowagrr <f Spain,
became cuttiied to the Duthy of
I % >t ** Parma,
P o
P 6
Parma, and the rc(V of the hereditary
dominions of that houfe, which flie
ceded to the houfe of Auflria, in
confidcration of the Kingdoms of
Naples and Sicily, which were con-
firmed to her eldeft fon D»>n Carlo?,
by a treaty made between tlic late
Emperor Charles VI. on the one
part, and France and Spain on the
other, anno 1736, Sec Austria
and Tuscany. *
Don Philip, fecond fen of the faid
Dowager Queen, was acknowledg*d
Duke of Parma, Placentia, and Gu-
aOalla, at the treaty of Aix h
Chapelle in 1748,
He was born 15 Mnrch 1720,
and married Louifa Elizabeth, elded
Midame of Frarice, by whom he
has ilfue Elizabeth Mary Lou. fa,
born 31 of Dec. 1741.
PERSIA.
ACIvil war has long diftra£led
this country. The royal fa-
mily has been extirpated abote 30
years, and a multitude of pretenders
have fincc ufurp'd the dominion of
that Kingdom (among whom were
Mereweis and Koull Kan ) moil
of them deflroy'd after very flioit
icigns.
i\>'- ;i.",v ,xi. i I.
V: POLAND.
The prefent Rdyal Family,
AUGUSTUS III. Eleaor of
Saxony, born 3 Aug. 1696,
fucceeded his father Augudus II.
in the Electorate of Saxony, i Feb.
17U-3, and was elected King of
Pound, 5 OiX. i-Jll*
He married the Archduchefs Ma-
ria Jofepha, the eldcrt daughter of
Jofeph late EmperOr of Germany,
anno 17 19, by whom he lath ilT. ,
1. Frederic, Prince Royal of Vo-
land, and hered-tary Prince of Sjx-
ony, born 5 September 1712 ; mar-
ried in the year 1747, to the Prin-
cefs Maria Antonietta, dju^'ht'-r of
the late Emperor Charles VH. Elec-
tor of Bavana.
2. Muia Amelia, born 24 No-
vember 1724, married to Don Car-
los King of the Two Sicilies, 9 May
1738.
3. Anna Maria, born 29 Auguft
1728 J married 13 Jme 1747, N. S.
tu the reigning Duke Maximilian Jo*
feph Elcdior of Bavaria.
4. Xavier AuguOus Albert, born
3^5 AHguft 1730.
5. Maria Jofepha, born 4 No-
vember 173 J, married to the Dau-
phin of France.
6. Charles ChriAian, born 13 July
1733.
7. Mary Elizabeth, born 9 Feb.
^735-6.
S. Albert Francis, born 11 July
173S-
9. A Prince, born 28 September
1739-
TO. Maria Cunegunda, born ro
Nov, 1740,
Genealogy of the Kings of Poland
for 170 years paft.
Sipifmond III. fon of John King
of Sweden, was eirftcd on condition
cf his renouncing the Protcftant re-
ligion, anno 1587.
On the death cf Sigifmund, Uia-
difljus VJ. his fon, was eleded anno
16 ■52.
Uladiflaus leaving no iHue, John
Cafrmir his brother, who had been
made a Cardinal, was elected King,
anno 1648. He endeavouied to ren-
der himfelf abfolute, but was driven
from the throne by the Poles, and
retiring into France, was made Ab-
bot ot the abbey of St* Germains j
^herevipoa ,
Michael
eo
P o
ro
McIimI Wifnowdil^i, ^efcendcd
(torn the Great Dukos of Uthnania,
was eledrd King anno 1670. Upon
whofe death
John Sobielki, a younger dn of
James Sobiciki Caftellan of Cracow,
was choftn King anno 16S3; who
dying 17 June 1696, there appcKcd
ftvetal competitors for the throne ;
tlic chief whereof were the Prince
of Conti and the Eltftor of Saxony,
and the French fac'icn prcciaimtd
the Prince of Ccnti King, 26 June
1697 j but the Lienor's paity be-
ing more numerous, ir.lii^ed that
no elt<fllon was valid without tfie
iin. nimous confejit of the Diet.
Tlicy pr( t-jHed againft tlvjt eledlion,
and proclaimed Auguf^us IJ. £le<5tor
of Saxony, King,- However, the
Prince of Conti's party proceeded
to. a«^t in his nanip, and the Prince
h.ir,g convoyed to Dartzick by five
Fieriih mt-n of war, the Cardinal
Pri/rate funimoned a ciet to meet at
Wnrfaw, v^hich conhrmed the elec-
tion of tho Prince. The Eleftor's
pirty, 01) the other hand, proceed-
ed to crown him 4t -Waifaw^ on
I ^ Sept. mb. 1697. Whereupon the
Prince of Conti, finding the party
of the Eleftor much the ftrongeft,
returned to France, after he had
waited ibmc months at Dantzick, to
attend the event, and Auguftus was
unrn moudy lecognized King of Po-
land.
Auguftus being depofed by the
malccontentf, aiiifled by Charges
XII. King of Sweden, anno 1704,
Stanidaus LezinHci, Palatine of Po-
zen, was eic<flcd King, and Auguf-
tus renounced all claim to the king-
dom of Poland. But the King of
Sweden being defeated by the Ruf-
fians at Pultowa, 27 June 17C9,
King Aiuuft-us re - aicendcd the
throne. He died on i Feb. 1732-3,
leaving no other idue than Auguf.
tus the Ele£loral Prime, who fuc«
ceeded him in the Electorate, and
became a candidate for the crown of
Poland, in which he was oppofed by
the late King Stanillaus and bis
party, fupported by France and tM
Primate ; and Sjtanillaus was afta-*
ally proclaimed Kinc: on ^^ Sepfi
173^. But tl.c RiiHians feuding a
pov\ciful army into Poland, and
joining the Saxon force, the Elec-
tor of Saxony, Au^iilius III* was
clcdled on the 5th, and proclaimed
King on the 6ih of 0«S. .nnd Sc»»-
nifi.iu?, retiring to Dantzicic, wat
there befiiged, and driven out of
the kingdojn. Whereupon his prc-
fent Majctly was univerfal'y rc-
cc'gnizeJ, and he was crowned with
his Queen at Crftcow, 4 January^
■I,
/.jt..
■I.-"'
POPES of Rome for So
^ years palh ^
POPE Innocent XI. elc£lt4
Pope anno 1676, aligned a
penfion of i?,coo crowns per an-
num, to Chriitina Queen of Sxvc-
dcn, who was reconciled to the ft^
of Rome, abdicated her kingdom^
and retired to a convent in thai city,
where {he died. The fame Pope
entered ;jt'< a confederacy with Eng-
land, Holland, and other Proteftant
poweis againd France.
He was fucceeded by Alexander
VIII. anno 1690, who reigning but
one year, was fucceeded by
Innocent XII. anno 1691, who
was of the noble family of Pigna-
telli in Naples.
Clement XI. fucceeded Innocent,
anno 1700, but was with ditKcuJty
prevailed on to accept it.
He was fucceeded by Innocent
XIII. anno 1-21, He protefted a-
gainft the Emji^-nr's granting the
inveftiture bf the Duchies of Pnrina
and Placentia to Don Carlos, Priic
of Spain, claiming them as fees of
the church. '
Pope Benedit^ XIII. fuccferfed In-
nocent Xiil, anno 1734. MrHfld
bcQA
P o
P o
^en a Dominican friar, and prac-
tifed the mortificatiuns of a doidcr,
^hile he fat in the papal chair.
Pope Clement XII. fucceedcd Be-
nedift, 21 Feb. 1729-30.
Cardinal Lambeitini, his prefent
Holinefs, was born 31 March 1675,
and eledled Pope 17 Aug. 1 740, who
tonk upon him the name of fiene-
di^ XIV. at his acccillon.
10 ■
■' (."
■'^11
PORTUGAL,
The prefent Royal Family.
T^ O N Jofeph King of Portu-
% y gal, fon of the late King
p. n John, born 6 June 1714, ^nd
■larried 9 Januaiy 172S 9 to Mary
Anne Viftoria, Infanta of Spain
(who was before married at four
yeari of age to Lewis XV, the pre-
fent Kiog of France.)
.■u..i,^^v. Their liHrti'^^^^^^f^
1. Donna Marfe Princcis of BeSra,
born 17 Dec. 1734.
2. Donna Maria Anne, born 8
Oft. 1736.
3. Donna Maria, born 21 D:fc.
>739<
ji':4 ^r
The King's broAer.
'H
Don Pedro, born 5 Jan. 1717.
Donna Maria, the King's filler,
born 4 Dec. 17 11,
Don Antonio, the King's uncle,
born 15 March 1694.
Don Emanuel, another uncle,
bom 3 Aug. 1697.
Genealogy of the Kings of Portugal.
Philip II. King *of Spain, claim-
ing the crown of Portugal as foo and
keir to the Emprefs Donna Ifabella,
the eldeft daughter of King Ema-
nuel, invaded the kingdom of Por-
tofal, aid obliged that people to
recognize him their fovercign,- dnno
1580, though the Dmrhefs of Bra-
ganza, and feveral other competi*
tors, were deemed to have . better
title.
Philip, his fon, alfo kept poflef-
fion of the throne of Portugal, and
Philip IV. his grandfon, fucceeded
qu ctly to that kingdom, anno 162T,
which he enjoyed about 19 vears.
When,
John, Duke of Braganza, revived
h'.s claim to the crown of Portugal,
and th>> people being unanimous in
advancing him to the throne, defcared
King Philip's forces Tent again(l him,
by the alTidance of the English and
French, and drove the Spaniards out
of P irtugal, anno 1648 ^ and hav-
ing reigned 8 years^ was fucceeded
by bis fon
Alphonfus, King of Portugal, who,
in a treaty with Spain, was ac-
knowledged lawful King of Portu-
gal \ but after he had reigned twelve
years, his younger brother, Don Pe-
dro, entered inti) a confpiracy with
fome enalecootents againfl: him, made
Alphonfus a prifoner, and ufurped
his thrpne, anoo 1668, but took upon
him only the title of regent, till his
brother died 16 years afterwards, and
adminiftered the government in his
brother's name.
Peter II, aflumcd the title of K"ng
of Portugal, anno i584 ; he was born
anno 164.8. He married three wives,
viz. the Princefs Louifa de Oufman,
daughter of the Duke of Medina-
Sidonia, by whom he had the Infanta
Ifabella, who was contracted to the
Duke of Savoy, but died unmarried
21 Oft. 1690.
His fccond wife was Mary Francis
Ifabella of Savoy, daughter of the
Duke of Nemours (divorced from his
brother, the late King Alphonfus, by
thePope's authority)whom he married
the 2d of April 1661, about the time
he dethroned his brother, and impri-
foned him. She died without IfTue,
17 Dec. 1683.
Hi*
P R
P R
' His third wife was Ma^y Sophfa Genealogy cf the PniflTun and Bran-
denburg tamily for upwards of
loo years. >- '
Blitabetb, daughter of Philip Wil
liatn Duke of Newburg and Elcft(>r
Palatine, whom he married anno
X6S7, and had iiVue by her,
I. A Hsn born 30 Aug. who died
foon after.
z. Don John Antonio, who fuc-
ceedcd him, born 22 Ott, 1689.
3. Francis Xavier Antonio Urban,
bcrn 25 May 1691, died July 21, Poland, anno 165S.
"742.
• 4. Anthony Francis, born 15 Mar,
1695.
5. Therefa Frances Jofepha, born
24 Feb. i6y6, and died 1704.
6. Emanuel, born 3 Aug. 1697.
And,
r 'i/' A _^ ^n^ .
ft
Frederic W.lliam the Creaf, born
6 Feb. 1620, fuccecdjd to the Klcd^o-
late of Brandenburg, on the de.ith
of liis father Gior^e William, anni*
i6/,o, and was declared firft Ibvere'gn
Duke of Pruflin, by the republic of
Frcidcric III. h:s fon, was born
1 July 1657, and fucceedcd to the
Eledturatt; en the death of his fa-
ther, anno i683, and fnlt all'micd
the title vt' King if I'luHia, 18 Jm.
17c I. He had three wives, vi?,
I. The Prmcefs of H j:Te Ca!»l. 2.
7. FrancifcaXariera Jofepha, born Srphia Ch.iilotta, filter to Ge( r^c I.
30 Jan. 1698 ; died in 1736.
'1 heir mother, Mary Sophia, died
anno 1699.
He had a fifter named Katharine,
married to Charles II. King of Eng-
land, who retuTHed to Portugal after
the death of King Charles, by whom
(he had no I'lvirg illue, and died at
L.lb )ri, anno 1705.
Peter dying m Dec 1706, was
fucceedcd by hiS fon
Kmgot Kn^i-Bntain. 3.'rh'j Pun-
cefs o.t Mcckienburg Cjrabow, ajiJ
had ilVue
By h's firfi wifv*, the Prii^cefs Lou-
ifa S('phij, married in 1700 to rie-
deric, the Jate King of Sweden,
theu hereditary Pr, of HelTc-wallaJ,
he had no iifue. . , ; to :iO[A i' ■>
By his fecond wife, the Princcfs
Sophia Charlottf, of Hanover, he li'd
ilVue Frederic VVil.iam, \n1io fucceed-
J'hn, Prince of Brafil, father of ed.him; and by his third wifc he
his prcfent majefty.
;iw
.A 3ii t f ^''' ' :.r.nt fii^uno^ i>
PRUSSIA. '^"
;ui I-
i,The prcfent Royal Family.
i
CHARLES FREDERIC,
King of Prullla, and Eied^or
ot rirandeiiburg, was born 24 Ja-
nuary 17 1 1-12. He married Eliza-
" beth Chriftina, fifter of the Duke of
^Biunfwick Wolfembutrle, 12 June
1733, and Succeeded to the cunvn
/ and the EIe<5lorate, on the death of
»'hfs fuher FreJcric William li. 20
May I7tO, ^ -
had no iilue.
Ftedcvic William II. his fon, was
b rn 4 Aug. 16SS, and fucceedcd to
the crown on the dca b of his father,
25 Feb. 17 1 3.
He m..rfiej the Ptincefs So{ hia
Dorothy, daughter of George I. Kng
«)f Great Brit.iin, and liiler of King
George II. anno 1706, and by her
had 14 children, of which ten were
lately liv'ing, viz.
1. Frelcr.ca Sophia Wi'.heimina,
born 3 July 1709, married to Fre-
deric Margrave of Brandenburg Ba-
re;th, in 1731.
2. Frederic, the prefent King of
Pruliia, married in June 1733, ^'*
Elizabeth Chr'ftina, lifter of ihe D,
of Brnnfwic Wolfembuttle.
3. Frederica Lou fa, married in
172;), to Chirles Frederic Margrave
of Biandeabur^ Anfpach,
'.;m iTtua
4»
R U
R U
4. Phili|>pina Clnrlotta, mrrled
in X73';, tn Prince Charles of Brun-
Iwic Bcviren.
5. Srpliia Dorothea Mjrla, mar-
ried in 173.3, to the Mar^^ravc of
IJrandtnliiig Schv.cirir.
6. l.oiilfa Ulrica, born 1720.
7. A'lgufiuE William, bmn 1722,
lT)arricci to the i'nnrefs Louiia Ame-
lia, of Brunfwic Wolfcnbutrlc.
8. Anna Amelia, horn 1723.
9. Frederic Henry Lewis, born
J726.
10. Aiigullws Ferdinandus, born
17. -JO.
Frc.l?ric Wi'.liim II. dying on the
20th of May l'';o, was Aicceedtd
by his prifent i J-'jclly clurlcs Fie-
deric^ as mentiontil already.
RUSSIA.
The prefent Pvoyal Family.
TH E Czarina Ehzabcth Em-
priTs of Ru'Jja, fecond daugh-
ter of I'crer the Great, by Ksma-
rine his Iccond wife, was born 2S
March 1709, who having liepofed
the Czar John, an i ifant, her ^;rcat
nephew, iil'ieiided the throne of Ruf-
fia, 5 Dec. i";^!, snd being unmar-
rit'd, has adopted another of h-.T ne-
phews, viz. Charles Djke of Hol-
ftein, Ton of lier eldcrt fider Annr,
and declared him Grand Prince of
Rutija, and her fuccelfor in that tm-
pijp, who has thereupon reiinquifljcd
his ri(.'ht to the throne of Sweden,
and profeded himfclf of the Greek
churcli, and refides with the reigning
Emprefs in KiiHia.
He was born 2 1 Feb. 1 728, and
married the Prinvefs AU-xie.vDa of
Anhalt Zerlfl, l>y whom he })as
a fon born Ud\ year 1755. tor
which great rej(;:cinps were nude by
the Raflian junbilfadurj at Son^erfct-
buu e.
Genealogy of tlic Royil Family for
100 years pud.
A'exis Mlchielowitz, Grand Dulce
of Rtiiiia, who liegan his reign, anno
1645, had three fons, viz. 'i):ic»-
doie, John and I'cter. Theodore the
eldert, fu'.cceded his fatlipr Alex:",
anno jCy^, and at iiis death, v. h'l-h
happened anno 1682, appointed h'S
two brothers, J -hn and Ftter, to u c-
cc-d him.
Jolin iind Peter rcign<'d jointly
until tlic yc:^r 1656, when John
died, leav ng iliue Katherinc, v. !.o
married Charles Leopold, I)i:!:c (f
Mecklenbourjijanno 171') jand Anne,
murriid to Frodi'i ic William, Duke
of Courland, ar:no 1718 j and tlic
Princefs Prefcovia, who ditd un-
married.
Peter (the Great) reigning fole mo-
narch of Riifiia horn the year i6_)6,
married Otlok id Federowna, dau^li-
tfr of the Boyar Fedar Abiamawitz,
by wlio'« lie had jfliic Alexis i'ctry-
wj:z, bjrn anno i6cjo,
I'eler procured a divorce from the
Princefs Ottokcfa Federowna, anr-o
1652, and took to his bed Katha-
rine Alexiowna, an obfcuie pcrfon,
v.hom he formally married, anno
171 1, and had iflue by her the Pr.n-
eels .Hnre, married to Fredeiie, Duke
of Hulfiein, and tiic Prince's Eliza-
beth (now reigning) and feverai other
children, who died without ilFue, and
unmarried.
Alexis l*etrowit7, Ton of Peter the
Great, Lorn anno 1690, was mar-
ried to Charlotte Chriilina Sophia,
daughter of Lewis Adolplius, Duke
of Biunfvvitk WoUVinbuttle, anno
171 1. 'I'his Prince died in prifon,
anno 172 1, b-ing then under fcn-
tence ot drath for a cnnfpiracy againd
Peter the Great, his father. He
left ilTue the Pvin eft N^italia, fince
dead, and one fon named Peter A-
Jexowitz, b'^rn anno 1715, and after-
wards Einpcror.
Peter the Great afTurred the title
of Enip.ior anno 1 721, which has
Leen
betn
S A
S A
betn given to all the RuiTian fove-
reifcHS by all the powers of Europe
ever fince, and appointed his fecond
wife Kntharinc to fuccecd him.
Katharine accurding,ly afceudcd the
throne on the death of Peter the
Great, which happened 8 February
1724.5, and dying 17 May 1727,
was fucceedcd by
Peter II. fon of the late Czaro-
witz, .. ;d prandfon of Peter the
Grejt, by lilj firft wife, wlio was
then in the d.-veiuh year of his
age. Peter II. died of the fnr.all-
pcx, :g Jan, 1729-30, and was fuc-
ceeded by
Anns Duchefs dowager of Cour-
land, fccoiid daughter of the late
Czar John, dying aS 0£t. 1740, flie
was luccecedcd by John H. an intant
fix months old, fon of Anthony Ul-
ric, Dukeof Briinfwic Wohembuttle,
and Anne his wife, daughter of
Charles, Duke of Mecklenburg, and
Kitthsrinc his wife, who was the
cld^ft daughter of the late Czar
John.
John II. being depofed 5 Dec.
1741-
Elizabeth, the youngeft daughter
of Peter the Great, by his fecond
wife Katharine, afccnded the throne,
as related already.
SARDINIA.
The prefent Royal Family.
CHARLES EMANUEL VIC-
TOR, King of Sardinia, and
l^uke of Savoy, born 27 April 1701,
fucceedcd both to the Kingdom and
Dachy 3 Sept. 1730, on the rcfig-
natjjn of his father Vidlur Amadeus,
who chol'c to abdicate the throne,
and live a private lite with Madam
St. Seballian, whom he married im-
mediately after his abdication. But
^c putting him upon refumiiig the
government, the prefent K. thought
fit to feparate them, and confine both
his father and the lady at a dilKince
from ea:h other j and Vidlor Ama-
deus, the abdicated King, died jn
confinement 6 Od. 1732, being then
66 years of age.
His prefent MajeHy, Charles E-
manuel, has had three wives. His
firft wife was Anne Chriftina Lou-
il'a, Princefs of Sultftjach, whom he
mvried, Feb. 172 12, and (he died
without ilTue 12 March i;2;;.
His fecond wife, v«s Poiyxcna
Chriftina Jcanna, Princcls of iiciiu
Rhinefield, by whom he had liiue,
Vi(itor Amadeus Maria, Prime of
Piedmont, and Duke of Savoy, finte
d«ad. This Queen dying i;j Jan,
1734, he rr/arricd a third wite, viz.
Elizabeth, Princefs of Lorrain, and
fifter to the prefent Emperor, by
whom he has had feveral fons and
daughters. She died in childbed 22
July 1741.
Lewis Vi£tor, Prince of Carignan,
was born 25 Sept. 1721, anil mar-
ried Chriftina Henrietta, daughter of
Erncft Leopold, Landgrave of HefFc
Rhinefield, by whom he haa iilue
Victor Amadeus Lewis, born 31
Q^. »743-
Genealogy of the Royal Family foe
• -%* ICO years and upwards, *
Charles Emanuel II. Duku
of Savoy, fon of Vi£lor Amadeus I,
and brother of Francis Hyacinthus,
fucceeded his brother Hyacinth anno
1638.
Vi<£lor Amadeus, 2d fon of Charlc«
Emanuel, born 14 May 1666, fuc •
ceeded his father iz June 1675,
While he was Prince of Piedmont he
married the Princeis Anne Mary of
Valois, daughter of Philip Duke vt'
Orleans, and of Henrietta, duugJ.rcr
of Charles I. K'ng of England, anno
1684, by whom he had ilfue M^ry
Adeliide, or Aihelred, bcrn anno
1685, and marricti anno 160?, to
Lewis Duke of Burgundy, eldcft fon
Rr of
S A
S A
ef the then Dauphin of France, and
grandfon of Lewis XIV. King of
France, by whom the Duke of Bur-
gundy had iflue his prefent Moft
Chriftian Majefiy Lewis XV. ;
Vi£lor Amadeus had iiTue alfo by
Anne Mary» daughter of the t>uke
of Orleans, Mary Louifa Gal^rielia,
born 1688, and married to Philip V.
King of Spain, anno 1698, by whom
Philip had iflue, Don Lewis, lite
King of Spain, and Don Ferdinand,
the ptefent King.
ViAor Amadeus lud ifTue alfo by
Mary of Orlcan', Viftor Amadeus,
late Prince of Piedmont, born anno
1698, who died az March 1712-13,
and Charles Emanuel, his prefent
Sardinian Majefly, born 27 April
1701, who fucceeded on his father's
refignation 3 0£t. 1730. By the
treaty of Utrecht, concluded 1713,
the inand of Sicily was allotted to
Victor Amadeus, late Duke of Sa-
▼oy, with the title of King of Si>
rity ; but the Spaniards invading
Sicily anno 171 8, and reducing great
Jiart of that iHand, Sicily was by a
ubfequent treaty, made anno 1720,
afTigned to the late Emperor Charles
VL and Sardinia allotted to the
Duke of Savoy, in litu of Sicily,
with the title of King of Sardinia ;
and his prefent Sardinian MajeHy,
Charles Emanuel, remains King of
Sardinia, and Duke of Savoy, whofe
laoQily has been defer ibed already.
The Princcfs Mary Adelaide, el-
deft daughter of Victor Amadeus,
the late Duke of Savoy, and mother
of Lewis XV. King of France, dxd
IX Feb. 1712. fiir.} vf f' f
I.'
The Princefs Mary Louifa, fecond
^ujhtcr of yiftor Amadeus, late
Puke of Savoy, who married Phi.
Lp V. King of Spain, by whom ihe
had iflfue Den Fcidinand, Prince of
the AAurias, prvfent King of Spaini
died i4Feb« 1714. . , •>
The Princes of Carlgnan and Soif-
foos, are branches of the family ©f
Savoy. That celebrated General,
Prince Eugene, of Savoy, of the fa-
mily of Soiflbni, was born 18 0^,
1663, and died in^ March 1735.
.1/
SALTSBURG.
PRINCE JACOB ERNEST,
Count of Lichtenftein, eledicd
archbifhop 14 Jan. 1745) and was be-
fore biiliop of Oimutz in Moravaia.
SAVOY. See Sardinia,
SAXE-HILDBOURG-
HAUSEN.
DUKE ERNEST FREDERIC
CHARLES, born 10 June
17Z7, fucceeded to this Duchy Aug.
1745. .^.",. -_-
Prince Frederic William, his bro-
ther, was born 8 OA. 1730, and
hs After, the Princefs Sophia Amelia
Carolina, was born 21 July 1732*
His great uncle, Jofeph Frederic,
General and Field-Marfhal in the
fcrvicc of the Queen of Hungiry, was
born 8 OA. 17 10, and married the
Princefs Anna Vi^oria, daughter of
Thomas CouAt SoiflToct of Savby. ,
SAXE-
I
F
S A
S C
SAXE-GOTHA.
SAXE-SAALFIELD.
FREDERIC III. the reigning
Duke of Saxe Gotha, was born
14 April 1699, and nnarried the Prin-
cefs Louifa Dorothy of Saxe-Mcinin*
ftn J by whom he hath ifiue,
1. The hereditary Prince Frederic,
born 10 Jan. 1735.
2. Prince Erncll Lewis, born 30
Jan. 1745.
3. The Princefs Fredcrica Louifa,
born 30 Jan. 174a.
His father, Frederic II. married the
Princefs Magdalen Augufta, daugh-
ter of Charles Willi im, Prince of
Anha!rzerof>, by whom he had iflue
16 children, of whom there were
lately llyinf,
1. The reigning Duke.
2. Wilfiam, colonel of a regiment
of fjot. Dead.
3. John Auguftus, major-general
in the Imperial army.
4. Chrirtian William, a captain
in the late Emperor's for vice j killed
at Fricdburg.
5. Louis Erneft, a captain in the
fame fervice.
6. Mjurice.
7. The Princefs Augufla, born
19 Novem. 1719, and married to
his Royal Hi,;hnefs Frederic Inte
Prince of V/ales, 17 April i73'.
See Britain.
•pVUKE FRANCIS JOSIAS,
I 3 of Coburg, born 25 Sept,
1097, married Anna Sophia, daugh-
ter of Prince Leu is Frederic, of
Schwartfburg Rudclftat j by whom
he hath iflue.
I, Prince Erneft Frederic. ' „' ..•
z. Prince Chritlian Francis. ''
3. PrinceFrederic Jofias J anil the
Princeflcs Charlotta-Sophia, and Tie-
derica Carolina.
4. Prince Franc's Frfdcric Antho-
ny, born 15 July 1750,
«
j»
SAXE.WEIiMAR.
E
1737.
RNEST AUGUSTUS CON-
STANTINE, born i June,
'*
SAXE-MEININGEN.
DUKE ANTHONY ULRIC,
born »» 0(Slob. 1687, fuc-
ceded to this Dachy 27 April 1716,
and hath id'ue Prince Bernard Erne(^,
and the Princcfles Antonia Augufta,
Philippina Elixabcth, and Philips na
Lou I la.
SCHWARTSBOURG
RUDELSTAT.
PRINCE JOHN FREDERIC,
born 8 Jan. 1721, fucCeed^t
to this principality 1 Sept. 1744*
and married the Princrfi Uernnidina
Chriftiana, the daughter of Ernc(l
Au^uAus, Duke of Saxe- Weimar m4
Eylcnach.
R r t SCH WARTS-
S I
S P
.... ■« '■>!, "tl
SCHWARTSBOURG
SONDERHAUSEN.
PRINCE HtNRY, born S Nov.
1689, fucceeded to this prin-
cipality zS Nov. 1740.
SCHWARTZEN-
BERG.
PRINCE JOSEPH ADAM,
born 15 Dec. 1722, fucceeiled
to this principality 9 j^n*: 17^2,
and marrieJ Mavia Thcrefa, Pn.icefs
of Lichtcnftein, by whom he hath
inbc the hereditary Piince, and the
Poftti is Maria Anna J-fepha.
SICILY.
DON CARLOS, fon of Phi-
lip V. King of Spain, by his
Iccund w ft*, the Princcl's Elizabeth
Farnffc, nicct; and hcirtTs to the
late Duke of Parma, was born 20
Jan, 1715 16, and crowned King
of the two Sicilies, (i, e. Naples
and Sicily) July 1735. He married
Maria Amelia, daughter of Ati|i»urtus
HI. King of Poland, and Eleftor
of Saxony, 9 M^y 1738, by whom
he had iHue,
1. The Prircefs Mary, born 6
Sept. 1740. L>e;iJ.
a. I'he Princefs Maria Elizabeth*,
b*rn 29 April 1743.
3. Mana Ifabcila, born 16 July
4. Guflava, born 24 Nov. 17^5.
Dead.
5. A Prince born June 1747.
The Kings of Spain were conrtant-
ly Kings of the two Sicilie?, or of
Naples and Sicily, for upwards of 200
years ; but in the year 1707, in the
reign of the Emperor Jofeph, the
Imperialifts invaded Naples, and made
themfelves maftcrs of that kingdom,
and expelled the Spaniards.
By the treaty cf Utrecht, anno
1713, Naples was confirmed to iii«
Imperial fls, and the ifland of Sicily
was allotted to the D.ke of Sa-
voy, with the i^itJe of King of that
ifland. Vl'^i^. *'"' -f'^^:'^ •
in tjje year 171^, the Spaniards
invaxled Sicily, and rediKcd the
grcutfil part of that ifland ; but by
a fubfc^iient treaty of peace, anno
1720, they yielded S.cily to the
Emperor Charles VI. and Sardinia
was allotted to the Duke cf Savoy
in lieu of it, with the title of King
of that ifland.
The Spaniards invaded Naples .nnd
Sicily again, in the year 1735, and
making an entire conquefl of both,
Don Carlos, the King of Spain's el-
deft fon by his fccond Queen, was
crowned King of Naples and Sicily,
and took upon hiffi the title of King
of the two Sicilies, as related above,
which were confirm'd to him by the
Emperor Charles VI. by a fubie-
quent treaty.
- -- t » - * •.
i*
1 «» I
v-'S P A I N. / \
DON FERDINAND, King cf
Spain, was born 23 Septcm,
1713, afid married D.maa Maria
Magdakna, Infanta of Portugal, 19
Jan. 1729, by whom he has yet no
iifue : He fucceeded hi* father Dim
Philp, ux the throoci 7 Sept. 1746.
Ge-
S P
S P
Sicily
Sa-
ihat
OeBcalogy of the Royal Family for
upwards of 200 years.
Charles V. (the only furviving fon
of the Princel's Joanna, daughter and
heiret's of Ferdinand King of Arra-
gon, and of Ifabelia Qncen of Ca-
ftiie, by her hufband Fhilip Duke
of Burgundy, Archduke of Audria)
was born 24 Feb. 1500, and upon
the death of his grandfather King
Ferdinand, anno 15 15, took upon
hinofelf the title of King of Spain,
though his mother Joanna was then
Jiving, (her brain being turned) and
thus Ciiiile and Arragon, and the
whole kingdom of Spain, were firft
united under one monarch.
Charles V. was elected Emperor
of Germany upon the death of his
grandfather Maximilian, anno 17 19,
but was not crowned till 21 Aug.
1520, being oppofcd by Francis King
of France, his competitor for the
empire.
Charles V. refigned the empire
and kingdom of Spain, anno 1556,
and retired into a convent, havmg
ftrfl prccured his brother Ferdinand
to be eleded Emperor of Germany,
and fettled his fon Philip II. on the
throne of Spain ; and two years af-
ter (155S) Charles died in the con-
vent of St. Juft, near Placentia, in
Spam.
Philip II. dying in the year 159S,
Was fatceet^cd by his fon Piiilip 111.
who died aaoc 162 1, and was fuc-
cerdrd by nis fon Philip IV, who
hjd ifTuc,
1. The Infant Don Cailos, or
Chailc?, born i6Ci.
2. The Infanta Maria Theref',
married to Lewis XIV". King ot
France, anno i66c, wliO tenoiiuccd
all pretrnlions he might have to the
crown ot Spjin by this mariinge.
3. The Ufjnti Margaret, mar-
r'cii to L':opoId En)perjr of Gci«
juiany, anno 1663.
Philip IV. dying 7 Sept. 1665,
was fiicceeJeJ by his only Ion Ch.tiics
il. b«rD mao J06i> wIm di«d w;tb>
cut iflue, mno 1700, having firft
made his will, and appointed Phi.
lip Duke of Anjou to iucceed him,
who was fecond fon of Lewis the
then Dauphin, and grandfon of Lewis
XIV. King of France, who was ac-
cordingly proclaimed King of Spain,
and fettled on that throne, at relat:d
already.
Philip V. married Mary Louifa,
fecond daughter of Viftor Amadeus,
late Duke of Savoy, 11 Sept. X701,
by whom he had iflue,
1. Don Lewis, who died in hi*
father's life-Kime,
2. Don Ferdinand, now upon the
throne of Spain.
3. Don Philip, who died alfo in
the life of his father.
Philip V. burying his firft wife in
1713, he married the Printcfs Eli*
zabeth Farnefe, beircfs to the Dake
of Parma, 26 Sept. 17 14, by whom
he had ifTue,
1. Don Carlos, now King of the
two Sicilies.
2. Don Philip, now Duke of
Parma.
3. Don Lewis, late cardinal of
Bourbon, quitted the gown, ar.d ts
about to marry one of the PrincclFes
of Portugal.
4. Donna Maria Virtoria, at pre-
fei>t Queen of Pjrfugal.
5. The Infanta Donna Maria Thc-
refa ; fince dead, and,
6. The Infanta Donna Maria The-
icfa.
SPIRE. .
• • , /
FR/\?;(MS CHRISTOPMF.R
HU ITON, of Srultzvnbtrg,
Lorn anno 1707, cltctt.1 biilmp 14
Njv. X;4 3.
Rrj
SIR AS-
s w
s w
>, 1 ^ '."• ^ I ■•; v»
STRASBOURG.
CARDINAL ARMAKD GA-
SiON, Prince of Rohaa and
Soubize, born 24 June 1674, msde
coadjutor of this bifhepnc 31 Jan.
X701, and ekded bilhup xo ^pril
1704.
. SWEDEN.
A DOLPHUS FREDERIC, of
/^ Holftein Eiitin, and bi/hop of
LubicJc, his prc'ent Swedifti Ma*
jcfty, was born 14 May 1710, elec-
ted luccndor to the throne of Swe-
den by the States, 4 July 1743, and
married the I'rincefs Louifa Ulrica,
cf Pruffia^ J4 J'^'y '743> by whcm
he had ifiuc,
1. Prince Guftavus, born 1\ Jan.
1745 6.
5. Prince Charles, born 7 0£l.
1748.
The Genealogy of their Kings for
upwards of 200 years.
t
Cunavus Erickfon, a Svicdi/h
Fobltinan, having rendered hinileif
rxrtcciing popular, by jefiuinu: his
rriiDlry (roni the ulurp-J durriin.on
•snd tyrsnny cf the Dane?, was
e!i(flti! Ki; g or' Sweden, ^nd vtll-
cd with m almull unlimited puv\er
by the Sfatej, anno 1^7.1 This
bting ybout the time or Lulhet's
wfuimatiop, he influtnccd the peo-
pV- (o far as to lejrrt the Pope's
aurhoiity, and the du^nnes of the
chiirch of Rome, and embrace iljofe
rt Liulicr j and bcir<; oppofcd by
iUc cki^y, iicixcd %ii their laads
and reventfCs, and annexed them i9
the crown. He alfo prevailed en
the Stales to part with their right
of eiedting their kings, and entail
the crown on his eldeit fon Eric, and
his heirs fucceflively, according to
their feniority j and on his death,
anno 1559, was fucceeded in the
greated pait of his dominions by hi»
fun Eric.
Eric reigned about 9 years, but
bis younger broth;:rs, to whom part
cf ths Swedish doniiniuns had bc;en
allotted, not being contented with
their feveral Ihares, entered into a
confpiracy, and dethroned nim on
pretence of male-adminiftralion, and
ho was at length poilonea by his fc»
cond brother,
John, who fucceeded Eric, anno
1 592, was fucceeded by Sij^iimum',
his elvlert fon, who had been eltded
K.ing of Poland, and rcliding pretty
much in that kingdom, was depoled
by the Swedes j and his uncle
Charles, the youngeft fon of Gu-
flavus Ericfon, was advanced to the
throne, and the States entailed the
kingdom on his fon Gullavus Adol-
phu<:, arul his heirs male, confirming
the King's abfolute authority.
(Juitavos Adolphus fucceeded on
the death of his father Charles, i.nno
16 1 1, who having great fuccels a«
gainlV the Mulcoviies, Pole?, and
Germans, prevailed on the States
to entail the crown on his dau^her
Chnltina, and her heirs.; and being
afterwards killed at the battle of
Lutzeij in Germany, was fucceeded
by ins daughter
Chnltina, anno 1633, fhe being
then five years of age.
Chridina rci^nea till the year
1654, when Ihe thought fit to rc-
figii her crown to her coufin Chares
Gullavus, the fourth fon i)f Cafiimr
Count Palatme of the Rhine, and
of Katharine the firter i>f thf late
Ki,)g (Jullavus Adolphu^ and then
went to Rome, embracing the Ro-
man Catholic religion, and living the
itmaiDder of bcr da)S m a convent,
d.cd
s w
s w
^ed anno 1689, being 6S years of
Charles Gu^avus, who fucceed*
ed his coufin Chriftina, was a very
fuccefstul Prince, and recovered the
Swedifli provinces of Schonen, Ble-
king and Halland, from the Danes,
leaving the crown to his fon Charles,
anno 1660.
Charles being then five years of
»gp, the adminiftration of the go-
vernment was committed to the Q.
his mother, and five great ofBcers ot
the crown, till the year 1672, when
the King was declared rrfcj<jr j and
the States further declared, that the
King, who received the crown from
G'.d, was accountable only to God
for his a£lion«, and rcTigned all their
authority into his Mujefty's hands,
making h ni as abfolute a Prince as
any in Europe.
Charles XI. married the Princefs
Ulrica Eleonora Sabina, fifter of Chfi-
ftian V, late King of Denmark, by
whom he had iilue one fon, named
Charles, born 17 June 16S2, that
fucctcded him. 2. A daughter,
named Hedwig Sophia, born anno
J 65^ I. 3. Ulrica Eleonora, born
anno 168X, and married to Frederic
hereditary Prince of HeiTe, who dicd
Without ilFue in Dec. I74i.
Charles Xll. fon cf Charles XI.
fucceeded his father anno 1697, and
being killed before Frcderickniall in
Nurwjy, 21 D-.c. 17 iS, the States
of Swtdcn m-ide choice of the Prin-
cefs Ulrica Ele^Miora, his younger
filler, for their Qtucn, on condition
of ttf'oring them their ancient n^hts
and libtitic'sj and /h • ret'gning tiic
cn.wn, anno 1720, they mjc'e choice
cf her confnt Ficuicric, hereditary
Prii.ce ot HclH!, who fuccccdiJ to
the crown of Sweden on the 1 ke
cofiditinns the Cioeen had accepted
of i*, i. e. of lod^in^ both tlic Ic-
gilLitive and executive piiwer 111 tiie
Sutes, and leaving the Piince little
mote than the name of King.
1 he Printcfs Hedwig Sopljia, el -
deft tiiler ot Chvict XII, raujmd
Frederic Duke of Holflein Cottorp,
by whom Ae had ilfue Charles Fre-
deric, born 29 April 1700.
Charles married Anne Petrowna,
eldeft daughter of the Ciar Peter
the Great, by his fecond wife Ka-
tharine J by whom he had iH'ue
Charles Peter Ulric, born 21 Feb.
1727, 2nd confequently was heir to
tiie crown of Sweden, and fo de-
clared by the States on his father's
death. The Czarina Elizabeth, the
reigning Emprofs of Ruliia, having
declaud him hur AiccefFor to that
throne, he renounced his claim to
Sweden j and the States of Sweden
declared his uncle, the Duke of Hol-
flein Lutin, IJifhop of Lubec, fuc-
celFor to the thione of Sweden.
Frederic, late King of Sweden,
and Landgrave of Hefie-Caircl, eldeft
iiUi of Charles, Landgrave of M.-lH;-
CalfeJ, and Mary Amelia, fifter of
Cafimir, Duke of Couiland, was born
anno 1676, and in the year 1699 tnar-^
ried Luuila Dorothea Sophia,- daugh-
ter of Frederic III. King oi Prullia,
who dying witliout ilFue in Detera,
1705, he manied the Princtfs Eleo-
nora, youngeft daughter of Charles
XI. late King of Sweden, who was
eleftcd Queen of Sweden, anno
17 iS, on the death of her brother
Charles XII.
Queen Eleonora refigning the
crown in favi ur of her confort, anna
1720, Frederic was cledled King of
SwcJtn, and crown 'd £ May 17^1,
He fiKC-'eded his father Chalei in
the Landgravate of He(re- Callel,
anno 1729, and his contort Qneen
Eie.n^ra dicd without idue, anno
1741.
Pi ince William of HefTe, the eldefl
furviving brother to tie late K ng oi
S.vedcn, was born 10 Much 16S1 2,
and marri d the Princels Dymthy
Wi helmini, of Sax-Zeiis, by wii^rr*
he iK.d ilTwe Prince Fied i c, hora
2 Aug. 1720, and the Puncefs Mary,
b'jin 25 J 1 10 1721.
Prince Frederic married the Piin-
ccfs Mfiryi the fouith dauj^hcer of
hit
T U
T U
liis prefcnt Majefty George II. King
of Great- Britain, 1740, by v^hom he
had iflfue a Prince, born in Dec.
1741, who died in June 1742, and
another Prince, born 23 May 1743,
and feveral other Princes (ince. Pr.
Frederic was pleafed to profefs him-
felf a Roman Catholic lad year,
(1754)
.1
TOUR and TAXIS.
THE reigning Prince, Alexander
Ferdinand, was born 15 Feb,
1704, and fucceeded to this princi-
pality 9 Nov. 1739.
His fon, Charles Anfelm, was born
2 June 1743.
TRIERS or TREVES.
See Electors.
TURKEY.
TH E Grand Signior, Sultan Of-
man, fdcceeded to that throne
on the death of his brother, Sukan
Mahomet, who died in Dec. 1754*
TUSCANY, and
L O R R A I N.
FRANCIS STEPHEN, Grand
Duke of Tufcany, and Duke
•I Lorrain, foo of Leopold, late
Duke of Lorrain, fucceeded to the
Duchy of Lorrain on the death of
hii faiher Leopold, 27 March 1729 j
but by a treaty made anno 1736,
between the Emperor Charles VI.
and the faid Duke, on the one part,
and France and Spain on the other,
Duke Stephen relinqui/hed his right
to Lorrain, on condition of having
the eventual fucceflion of Tufcany
fecured to him, which Duchy he en-
tered on the poflisllion of, upon the
death of John Gafton de Medicis,
the laft Duke of Tufcany, without
iflue, 28 June 1737, flill retaining
the title ot Duke of Lorrain for his
life, by the abovefaid treaty. And
by the fame treaty, Don Carlos, cl-
deft fon of the late King and Queen
of Spain, relinquished bis claim to
Tufcany and Parma, which had
been allotted to him by a preceding
treaty, between moft of the powers
of Europe, in conflderarion of having
Naples and Sicily fecured to him,
which the Spaniards had lately con-
quered for him.
By the treaty of Aix-Ia-Chapelle,
1748, the Duchies of Parma, Pla-
centia, and Guaftalla, were allotted
to Don Philip, fecond fon of Phi-
Jip V. late King of Spain, by his
laft Queen, the Princefs of Parma.
The prefent King of Spain is half-
brother to Don Philip, bcin^ born of
a former venter*
Lorrain,
KING Staniflaus, late King of
Poland, having married his
dau^nter, the Princefs Miry Lef*
iiniki, to Lewis XV. the prefent
French King, it was ftijiulatej at a
treaty made in the year 1736, be.
tween the late Emperor Chailes VI.
and - •■• hen Duke of Lorrain, on
the «>:<«: part, and France ani Spain
on the other, that King Staniflaus
fliould pofTcfs the Djchy of I>jrrali
during his life, and alter his deatli
.# ilat
W A
w u
that Duchy ttioWd oe t^nnexed to the - btiTn iS jliTy 1742, and I*r. Frederic,
crown of France* See Austria, born z8 C)(5V. 1743. ^^^.j
;i»»5> u»ji.
SpAiy, and France.
The Grind Duke of Tufcany was
ele(^ed King of the Romans 13 , ■ !•■■■»■• « '
Sept. and crowned Emperor of Ger-
many 4 Oa. 174.5, N"*^' by ^^e ,X7-TT-D T^T7 n/r OrATT r» ^
coiifent cf all the Eleftori, c^ccept WUK IILMJBUURCj
the Eleaor of tJrandenbourg, and S T U T G A R D, '
the £le<£lur Palat^ie, who protefted
againfl it.
If the Duke of Parma dies with-
out iflue, cr fucceedi to the (Crown of
the Two Sicilies, on his bicthcr Don
Carlos' s fuceeedirg to the throne of
Spain, P.MTT.a is to revert ty,the
Eonprcfs and hei heirs» Sce.SfAiN*
TH E reigning Duke, Charles
Eugene, was born 11 Feb,
1728,
His brothers are,
J, Prince Lewis Eugene, born Jan*
1731.
„ , ^ i ^. *i I. ^' Princo Frederic Eugene, boro
•■-*Vf
WALDECK.^-^
!t»
TH E reigning Prince, Charles
Auguftus Frcdcrijc, born 24
Stpt. 1704, fucceeded to this princi-
pality 17 May 172s, and married liie
Princcfs Chriilina. daughter of Chri-
fiian 111. Count Palatine of Dcux-
ponts, by whom he hath iflue Charles
Lewis Chriilian, the hereditary Pr,
WURTEMBOURG
JELS in SILESIA.
-. ■ ip-^ <• 'f ■'* •4.' -f-i t-1 s - ■!»»"'"
TH E reigning Duke, Charles
Chriftian, born 15 Odlober
1716, and fucceeded to this Duchy
150ft. 17^4. H» n)atried the Prin-
ccfs Sophia WiihelmJna, Countefs of
Sulxns.
f ' >
t
> '' '
'1 .«
'^vi.: f I N I s.
f
I 4
V^. "Xy f .■> a;
• ' f '.
If ? :
BOOKS lately publifli'd.
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Kon Antiquity : And particularly fliew the Eftates that were formerly Ab-
bey Lands. .
IV. BioGRAPHiA Classica • the Livei and Characters of all the
Claflk Auihors, the Gczcian and Roman Poct^ Hiftorians, Orators,
Mtd
BOOKS lately pub!i(h*d.
and BWgraphers. With an Hinorical and Critical Account of them and
their Writings : llluftrating their fcveral Excellencies, and /hewing their
VcftCti, from the Judgnnent and Remarks of the mofl celebrated Cri-
tics, both Ancient and Modern. In Two Pocket Volames. The Second
Edition, correded and improved. To which is now added, at the End of
erery Life, a Lift of the beft and moft curious Editions of each Clailic
Author.
V. LETTERS written by a TuRw .h Sfy, who lived five and forty
Years undifeoVered at Paris, giving an impartial Account to the Divan at
Conftantinople of the moft remarkable Tranfadlions of Europe, and dif-
covering feveral Intrigues and Secrets of the Chriftian Courts (efpecially
of that of France) from the Year 1637 to the Year 1682. Written origi-
nally in Arabic ; tranHated into Italian, and from thence into Englim.
With a large Hiftorical Preface, and Index to illuftrate the whole. In
Eight Neat Pocket Volumes. The Twelfth and beft Edition.
VI. The Grand Tou«, containing an exaft Defcrlption of moft of
the Cities, Towns and remarkable Pljces of Europe : Together with a
diftind Account of the Port Roads and Stages, with their refpcftive Di-
ftances, through Holland Flanders, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, l<uf!ia,
Poland, Italy, France, Spain, and Portugal. Likewifc Dired^ions rehting
to the Manner and Expence of Travelling from one Place and Country to
another. As alfo occafional Remarks on the prefent State of Trade, as
well as the liberal Arts and Sciences in each refpeftive Country. By Mr. Nu-
tcnt. In Four Neat Pocket Volumes.
VII. The Works of Mr. Thomfon, In Three Volumes, O^lavo,
with Cuts, ,
VIII. Ditto, Four Volumes Twelves, To both which are added,
<bme Poems never before printedt
IX. The Ska SON S| in • Twelves Edition, and moft of hit Ptcces
/cparate. - • . • •• -♦ - - - -^ "
X. Another Edition of the fame Book in a finaller Size, printed on »
fine Writing Paper.
' XI. The Works of Mr. Mallet, conlifting of Plays and Poemr. .
XII. The Life of Francis Bacon, Baron of Verulam, Vifcount St»
Alban, and Lcid High Chancellor of England. In this Work, befides an
accurate Review of the Reigns of Qnec^n EHzabeth and King James I. the
Chara£tei8 of the moft eminent Perions that flouriflaed under both thefe
Princes, are occaftooally drawn. By Mr. Mallet. ' I', ; ' ' 'I
XIII. The. History of the Adventures of Jofeph Andrews, and his
Friend Mr. Abraham Adams. Written' in Imitation of the Manner of
Cervantes, Author of Don Quixote. T^e Fifth Edition, rcvifed a.^d cor.
re^ed, with Alterations and Additioha, and illuftrated with Cuts. By'
Henry Fielding, Eiq} i vol. nature
>CIV» MiscELLANiti. .'Bv Henrv Fleld'rtg,' Efqj Tn Thtee Vb-
lumts. Cohu'ning,' Vdl. i.' Aff hii Works iiif Vcrlc, atwl feme ftiort
Eflaji
*
lij
BOOKS lately publifliM,
tiTays in Profe. Vol. z. A Journey from this WorJJ to the nett, itc.
Vol. 3. The Hiftory of that truly renowned Pcrfon Jonathan Wild, Kiqj
In v\hiLh not only his Charafler, but that of divers otHer great Perfunages
of his Time, are fct in a juft and true Light. f , > v , .
XV. The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling. By Henry FieU-
ing, Efq; The Fourth Edition, in 4 vols. . , . A
XVI. Amelia, By Heary Fielding, Efqj in 4voh* ; "
XVII. The Adventures of David Simple: Containing an Account
of his Travels through the Cities of London and Weftminftcr, in the
Search of a Rs;il Friend. By a Lady. The Second Edition, revifed and
coiredteJ, with Alterations and Additions ; and a Preface by Henry Field-
ing, Efqj 3 vols. The third Volume may be had alone.
XVIII. Familiar Letters between the principal Charafl-crs in
Divid Simple, and Ibmc others. To which is added, a Vision. By the
Author of David Simple. In 2 vols, Oilavo. Another EJitioa of the
fame Book, in z vols. Twelves,
XIX. The Governess : or, the Little Female Academy,
Calculated lor the Entertainment and Inflrudlion of young Ladies in the^t
Education. By the Author of David Simple. The Second Edition, re-
viled anJ correAcd. A Book entirely adapted, aad exceeding proper, fot
the Ufe of Schools.
XX. The Lite of Harriot Stuart. Written by herfelf, in two vols.
XXI. The Female Quixote: or, the Adventures of Arabella, in
a vols. Second Edition, -^^v ,j,:.;^-' ■ -4^^ \m. r -
XXII. Sh akespear illuftrar<i : or the Novels and Hiftories on which
the Plays of Shakefpear are founced, colledted and trai)flated from the ori-
* ginal Authors, with critical Remarks, In 3 vols. The above three by
the fame Author.
>t .
XXIII. The Rambler. " tn 6 vols.
v1;
.'3^4' — ^
XXIV. Leonora: Or, Charafters drawn from real Life. Containing
a great Variety of Incidents, interfperfed with Reflections, moral and en-
tertaining. The Second Edition, a vols. ^ : .
XXV, A Poetical Tranflation of the Works of Horace : With the
Original Tcxt and Notes, coliefted from the beft Latin and French Com-
mentators on that Author, By the Rev. Mr, Philip Francis, Redor of
Skeyton in Norfolk, in 4 vols. Svo. 5th Edition,
, XXVI, Ditto, in 4 vols. limo. The Fourth Edition. ; ' •'. . '■
XXVII, The Complaint : Or, Night-Thoughts on Life, Death
and ImmcMtality. By the Rev, Edward Young, LL D, ReQor of Wtllwyo
in Htrtfordihiic, ana Chaplain in Ordinary to his Majefty. Svo. & lamo,
^
^
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