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 0^''^ 
 
THE HISTORY 
 
 Five Indian Nations 
 
 Depending on the Provinch or 
 
 NEW-YORK. 
 
 CADWALLADER GOLDEN. 
 
 Reprinted exactly from Bradford'e New York edition, (1727.) 
 
 lUiW) an Jutrotiurtion auti Jlotrfi, 
 
 •V 
 
 lOHN GILMARY SHEA. 
 
 NEW YORK; 
 
 T . \i . M K K 1; 1, 1, , 1^4 J.- v ,, , UN Sir i-; k , 
 
 1866. 
 
 \ 
 
■I 
 
 
 One hun.lr.J .,nJ twcuy-nv. epics Octavo. 
 Thirty CDjiic, Imj.cii.il Ott.ivo. 
 
 No. 
 
 Entcrcil acconlin 
 
 Jmj; tu Act ..rc.Higrrss, i„ ,hc year iSV,, hy 
 ''• II. MORRI-M,, 
 
 'n .h. CIck', office „, ,l,c .,i.,ri,-, iv,,,, „r ,„c. U„i; 
 
 IJisirict lit ,\i-w 'i'lirk. 
 
 led StatCi, (or ihc Soulherii 
 
 Press o( J. M. R 
 
 ia..'str<i-i & Soil. 
 
 s. 
 
I 
 
 n 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 IT refleds little credit on New York that 
 none of her fons have endeavored to pre- 
 fent to the million readers of the State the 
 life of Cadwallader Colden, a man whofe fci- 
 entific and philofophical mind, infuring him 
 fame in any field of life that he might have 
 feleded, was devoted for nearly half a centu- 
 ry to the development, interefts and govern- 
 ment of the colony of New York. But his 
 labors are almoft forgotten, his learned works 
 accelTible to few, his manufcripts, though fafe 
 in the New York Hiftorical Society, acceffible 
 to ftill fewer, and except to antiquaries and 
 collectors, his very exiftence almort a myth. 
 No public monument, no college or femi- 
 nary of learning, recalls the memory of one 
 who in electricity and other branches of 
 natural philofophy was the valued aflbciate 
 of Franklin, who correfponded with Lin- 
 naeus, Gronovius and Bartram on Bota- 
 ny, with eminent phyficians in both hemif- 
 pheres on the fcience of medicine, with the 
 
 Earl 
 
I: 
 
 iv Introduffion. 
 
 Earl of Macclesfield on Aftronomy and 
 Philofophy, whofe reports to government 
 (land out amid the mafs of tedious official 
 documents by the frefhnefs, vigor and origin- 
 ality of their views, no lefs than by their 
 fcientific value as treatifes. 
 
 Cadvvallader Colden was the fon of the Rev. 
 Alexander Colden, minifter of Dunfie,* in 
 Scotland, but was born on the 17th Febru- 
 ary, 1688, in Ireland, where his mother was 
 temporarily on a vifit. Defigned by his father 
 for his own profeflion, young Colden was 
 fent to the Univerfity of Edinburgh, where 
 he graduated in 1705; but feeling little incli- 
 nation for the pulpit, he proceeded to London 
 and be^an the ftudy of medicine, yet without 
 difco*" ing the mathematical and fcientific 
 ftudi' 'ch had become fo attractive to him. 
 
 In i).o, allured by the flattering accounts 
 of William Penn's colony in America, where 
 mild laws, a benevolent fyftem of polity ana a 
 fertile foil feemed to the young adventurer 
 almoft to promife a rev'val of the golden age, 
 he came over to Pennfylvania, already the 
 refidence of a maternal aunt, and there prac- 
 tifed phyfic with great reputation for five 
 years. 
 
 He then revifited London, where he formed 
 
 * From an elegy by Geo. Robfon it would feem that 
 he died Minifter at Oxname. 
 
 an 
 
 •i 
 
 ,^---n- 
 
id 
 
 nt 
 ial 
 n- 
 ;ir 
 
 :v. 
 in 
 u- 
 as 
 er 
 as 
 ire 
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 jn 
 ut 
 fie 
 n. 
 ts 
 
 re 
 
 a 
 er 
 
 e, 
 le 
 :- 
 
 It 
 
 n 
 
 f 
 
 I 
 
 IntrodutJion. v 
 
 an acquaintance with the leading literary 
 and fcientific men of the day, among others 
 with Dr. Halley, who read a paper of Dr. 
 Coiden's on Animal Secretion before the 
 Royal Society ; but his vifit was apparently 
 not devoted exclufively to the purfuits of 
 fcience, as he at this time married Mifs Alice 
 Chryftie, daughter of a worthy Scotch clergy- 
 man of Kel(o, and in 1716 embarked for 
 America with her, refolved to make the colo- 
 nies his permanent home. 
 
 He refumed the practice of his profeffion 
 in Philadelphia, but having had occafion to 
 vifit New York, in 1718, he formed the ac- 
 quaintance of Governor Huntei, a man of 
 literary accomplifhments, and one likely to 
 appreciate the young phyfician. The Gov- 
 ernor was, indeed, fo imprelTed with his merit 
 that he urged him to come to New York, 
 offering him, as an inducement, the office 
 of Surveyor-General of the Colony. 
 
 Golden naturally accepted such an advan- 
 tageous offer, and removed to New York. 
 Hunter not only fulfilled his promife, but 
 beflowed on Golden the apparently unfuitable 
 office of Mafler in Chancery. 
 
 The fuccefTor of Hunter was Governor 
 Burnet, a fon of the celebrated bifhop, who 
 adopted his predeceffor's views and friends. 
 Dr. Golden was already efleemed a man of 
 
 weight 
 
vi Introdutlion. 
 
 weight, a report of his in relation to an A(fl 
 of the AlTenihly regarding the partition of 
 lands having decided action in regard to it.* 
 It was confequently no matter of furprife that 
 he was, in 1722, called to a feat in the Coun- 
 cil, a body of gentlemen felected by the 
 Crown, and forming the upper legiflative 
 houf*? in the Colony. Colonel Schuyler, who 
 had been removed on the recommendation of 
 Governor Hunter, gave place to Dr. Colden. 
 Honor was not the only gift beftowed ; a 
 more fubllantial mark of favor was a grant, 
 in 1720, of two thoufand acres of land in 
 what is now the town of Montgomery, Orange 
 County, followed by another of one thoufand, 
 which he ftyled the Manor of Coldengham. 
 This placed him among the great landholders 
 of the Colony. 
 
 His name appears in the journals of the 
 Legiflative Council from May 30, 1722, to 
 his appointment as Lieutenant-Governor, and 
 during his term of fervice he was unremitting 
 and zealous in his labors, adhering firmly to 
 the royal governors, and often involved in 
 the diflTenfions that prevailed among the ruling 
 families, whofe petty contentions ended only 
 with the convulfion which fwept them into 
 
 * His memorial is \r the New York Col. Documents, 
 V. O07. 
 
 comparative 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 * 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 '■ I 
 
 ■ t 
 

 Introdu^ion. vii 
 
 comparative obfcurity in the new order of 
 things. 
 
 While others fought only to mimic the 
 capital in fhow and parade, Colden went to 
 work to ftudy the climate, geography, native 
 inhabitants, civil and political intcrefts of the 
 Colony. He was foon regarded as the beft 
 informed man on the affairs of the neighbor- 
 ing French colony. By the Indians he was 
 so efteemed that foon after his arrival he was 
 adopted by che Mohawks of Canajoharie. 
 He is fpoken of as better verfed than any 
 other in the geography of the country, and 
 his writings mow that he was an early and 
 careful l )ferver of the climate and its influ- 
 ence on health. It may not be impertinent 
 to add that in 1723 he notices the unhealthi- 
 nefs of the water in New York city, thus 
 calling attention to the neceflky of introducing 
 a water lefs conducive to difeafe. 
 
 He was one of the firft to urge the ad:s 
 pafled November 19, 1720, and July, 1722, 
 to prevent New York merchants from fup- 
 plying Canada with goods for the Indian 
 trade, thus enabling France to control the 
 weft and hem in the Knglifh colonies. The 
 adl was ftrongly oppofed by fome New York 
 merchants and the large houfes in England 
 concerned in the American trade. But Gol- 
 den rightly deemed that the greed of a few 
 
 unpatriotic 
 
 I 
 
• 
 
 I ^ 
 
 viii Introduflion. 
 
 unpatriotic individuals should not outweigh 
 the neccrtity of fccuring to the Englifh colo- 
 nies a direct trade with the Weft. 
 
 To corre(!:^ errors on the point he drew up 
 feveral valuable papers — among them, an ac- 
 count of the Trade of New York''' and an 
 account of the Climate of New York,t both 
 of which Governor Burnet tranfmitted to 
 Knijland. There the obnoxious adls had led 
 the London merchants, inftigated by their 
 New York afTociates, to addrefs a petition to 
 the king, full of the moft egregious errors 
 and falfehoods.;}; The King in Council re- 
 ferred it to the Lords Commiflioners for 
 Trade and Plantations, who advifed that ^'- 
 directions fhould be fent to New York till 
 the Governor had feen the petition and fent 
 his reply. 
 
 When Governor Burnet received the ftrange 
 petition he laid it before his Council, who ap- 
 pointed a committee to prepare an anfwer. 
 The report of the committee, afcribed by 
 Smith and others to Dr. Colden and Mr. 
 Alexander, was a complete anfwer.§ It con- 
 
 * Publifhed in New Yoik Colonial Documents, v. 685. 
 
 f lb. 690. American Medical and Philofophical 
 Regifter, vol. i. 
 
 \ Smith's Hiftory ot" New York. London, 1757, p. 
 156. 
 
 |J Smith gives it in full in his Hiftory. 
 
 eluded 
 
 .^1 
 
 '.--/ 
 
I 
 
 igh 
 .lo- 
 
 up 
 ac- 
 
 an 
 oth 
 
 to 
 led 
 leir 
 
 to 
 Drs 
 re- 
 fer 
 
 till 
 
 ;nt 
 
 ge 
 
 P- 
 
 pr. 
 
 •y 
 
 r. 
 n- 
 
 al 
 d 
 
 ■ r- 
 
 \ 
 
 IX 
 
 IntroduFlion. 
 
 eluded with a recommendation that the peti- 
 tion and the committee's anfwer be printed. 
 This was done, and the documents wc 
 iflued in 1724, accompanied with "A Me 
 moria! concerning the Furr Trade of the 
 Province of New York," written by Dr. Col- 
 den. 
 
 Of this pamphlet, a folio printed by Brad- 
 ford in 1724, I know only one copy, in the 
 poflertlon of Hon. Henry C. Murphy, 
 
 '* -*apers || relating || to an Act of the Aflem- 
 bly II of the Province of New York.lj For 
 encouragement of the Indian Trade, &c., 
 and II for prohibiting the felling of Indian 
 goods to the French, || viz. : of Canada." 
 
 It is accompanied by the map which is 
 referred to in an advertifement in the work 
 now given/'" 
 
 Thefe papers were, as we (hall fee, subfe- 
 quently reprinted in England. They jufti- 
 fied the enlarged views of the Governor of 
 New York, and of his able councillor, who 
 faw the importance of fecuring the country 
 fouth of the lakes to England, yet they 
 beheld thefe ftatefmanlike views thwarted 
 by men whom prefent gain blinded to great 
 national interefts. The laws were main- 
 tained till 1730, when, by fome chicanery 
 
 Page xvii, verfo. 
 
 not 
 
')i< 
 
 X TntroduBion. 
 
 not clearly known to them, they were re- 
 pealed in England.* 
 
 To lay more completely before the public 
 the importance of the Five Nations or Iro- 
 quois to the Colony of New York, as a 
 barrier againft the French and a means of 
 controlling the Weft, Colden drew up his 
 remarkable Hiftory of the Five Nations. 
 Such a work was necefTary when London 
 merchants could afTert to the King that the 
 Five Nations lay fo far from New York that 
 PVench Indians lay between : and when they 
 boldly declared before the Board of Trade 
 that the Five Nations " were two or three 
 hundred leagues diftant from Albany, and 
 that they could not come to trade with the 
 Englifh but by going down the River St. 
 Lawrence, and from thence through a lake, 
 which brought them within eighteen leagues 
 of Albany." 
 
 This was before the days when a Britifti 
 Minifter difcovered that Cape Breton was an 
 ifland, and a fhort hiftorical fketch of the 
 Iroquois or Five Nations and their relations 
 with the French of Canada on the one hand, 
 and New York on the other, was needed to 
 teach King and Council, Lords of Trade and 
 other ruling powers, that the Mohawks lived 
 
 'S 
 
 * 
 
 Journal of the Lcgiflative Council, 591, 
 
 on 
 
^ere re- 
 
 ; public 
 or Iro- 
 c, as a 
 cans of 
 up his 
 J^ations. 
 London 
 :liat the 
 jrk that 
 len they 
 f Trade 
 )r three 
 
 ^y> 
 
 and 
 
 vith the 
 
 iver St. 
 
 1 a lake, 
 
 leagues 
 
 L Britifh 
 1 was an 
 i of the 
 relations 
 le hand, 
 ceded to 
 rade and 
 ks lived 
 
 
 91. 
 
 Introdu^ion. xi 
 
 on the Mohawk, within a day's journey of 
 Albany, as well as to enlighten them on the 
 real pofition, influence and power of that 
 confederacy. 
 
 Years after Colden alluded to the igno- 
 rance of Britifli ftatefmen, contrafting it with 
 the extenfive information poflefled and con- 
 ftantly increafed by the French. 
 
 Dodor Colden drew up his work under 
 thefe circumflances, with little opportunity 
 for refearch, relying in the main on the pa- 
 pers of the Indian Commiflloners and the 
 French works of de la Potherie and La Hon- 
 tan. It was printed by William Bradford, in 
 1727, and an exad reprint is here given, fol- 
 lowing all the typographical peculiarities and 
 ornaments of the New York firft printer, in 
 order to give collectors an opportunity' of 
 having a fac-fimile of the firft local New York 
 Hiftory written and printed in New York. 
 
 The firft announcement of it is not with- 
 out intereft here, and I am indebted for it to 
 George H. Moore, Efq., Librarian of the 
 New York Hiftorical Society, whofe kind- 
 nefs has greatly facilitated an examination 
 of the Colden papers, for which 1 am in- 
 debted to the Society. 
 
 The New York Gazette, No. 6^, February 
 20th to 1-ebruary 27th, 1727, has: 
 
 "Advertisement. 
 
 on 
 
f if 
 
 
 
 il 
 
 .1 
 
 n 
 
 Xll 
 
 Introdu/Jion. 
 " Advert'sement. 
 
 " There is now in the Prefs, and will Ihortly be 
 Publiflied, The H'lftory of the Five Indian Nations 
 depending on the Province of New Tork^ g'V'ng ^n 
 Account of their Wars both with the Indians and 
 Chrijiians^ from the f irft Settling of Canada and 
 New-York, as alfo of their Treaties of Peace with 
 the feveral Governments in North America. 
 
 " There is alfo a MAP of the great Lakes, Rivers 
 and Indian Countries, fhewing the Scituation of the 
 feveral Indian Nations, from Canada to the branches 
 of the AliJJijftppi and the Upper Lake. Both 
 Printed and Sold by IVilliam Bradford in NewYork." 
 
 In No. 70 ofthe fame paper, February 27th 
 to March 6th, 1727, it is advertifed : 
 
 "Will {hortly be publifhed— 7/^? Hijiory of the 
 Five Indian Nations depending on the Province of New 
 Tork. Printed and Sold by IVilliam Bradford,, in 
 New Torkr 
 
 In No. 71, March 6 to March 13, 1727 : 
 
 " Juft Publiflied," etc., etc. 
 
 The work was reprinted in England in 
 1747 and 1750; and had thefe tranfatlantic 
 editions reproduced that of Bradford, there 
 would be little necefTity for now prefenting fo 
 exa(fl a reprint: but in fa6l the alterations 
 and omilTions are fo numerous, that ftudents 
 to whom thefe Englifh editions are familiar 
 have really no idea of what the woik was as 
 originally written by Colden; and the early 
 New York edition, although cited in the laft 
 
 edition 
 
 ■i 
 
ortly be 
 Nations 
 iving an 
 ians and 
 ]ada and 
 ace with 
 
 s, Rivers 
 an of the 
 branches 
 e. Both 
 wYork." 
 
 ary 27th 
 
 ory of the 
 ce of New 
 idford^ in 
 
 1727: 
 
 land in 
 ifatlantic 
 d, there 
 nting fo 
 lerations 
 ftudents 
 familiar 
 was as 
 :he early 
 the laft 
 edition 
 
 ^1 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 A' 
 'I 
 
 I 
 
 IntroduSiion. xiii 
 
 edition of Lowndes as worth is. 6d., is really 
 fo fcarce that a few years fince not a copy was 
 known to be in exiftence, and the Hon. Hen- 
 ry C. Murphy having fucceeded in obtaining 
 one, long enjoyed the reputation of poflelfing 
 a unique copy. Mr. George Brinley, of 
 Hartford, Mr. T. H. Morrell, and quite 
 recently Mr. William Menzies, nobleft col- 
 leftor of Bradford imprints, who firft began 
 to gather the negleded iflues of the Caxton 
 of the Middle Colonies, have fucceeded in 
 obtaining copies. Others may appear, but 
 they will be prizes, beyond the reach of 
 ordinary ftudents or even ordinary colledors. 
 
 It is unnecefTary to give here a collation of 
 this edition, as the reader has it before him. 
 
 The work at once attracted attention in 
 England, and, according to Watts, in his Bib- 
 liotheca Britannica, was reprinted in London 
 in 1730; but this edition, if it really exifted, 
 feems to have efcaped recent bibliographers. 
 
 The New York edition of 1727 confifted 
 of five hundred copies, which were foon 
 taken up, and, in 1743, Colden wrote to a 
 friend in London that " not one copy now 
 for feveral years paft can anywhere be ob- 
 tained." 
 
 This friend, Mr. Peter Collinfon, took a 
 warm intereft in the work, and frequently 
 urged Dr. Colden to continue it. To thefe 
 
 requefts 
 
■'t 
 
 If 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 xiv Introdu^ion. 
 
 requefts the author at laft yielded, and pre- 
 pared a fecond part, bringing the hiftory 
 down to the Peace of Ryfvvick. The manu- 
 fcript of the preface to this part, now pre- 
 ferved in the New York Hiftorical Society, 
 bears date March, 1742. He at the fame 
 time re-wrote the Introduction, and tranf- 
 mitted the manufcript by two occafions to 
 Mr. CoUinfon. 
 
 In a letter dated April 9, 1742, he fays: 
 *' I now fend you the greateft part of the 
 Indian Hiftory continued to the Peace of 
 Refwick, which I prefume to put under your 
 tutelage becaufe I may truly fay, that it is 
 owing to you that it ever had a birth, by 
 your giving me your approbation of the Firft 
 Part, and defiring it to be continued as a 
 Work which you thought may be ufefull, for 
 I had feveral years laid afide all thoughts of 
 it." Similar expreflions occur in a letter 
 written the next year. 
 
 Mr. Colden fuppofed that the difficulties 
 with France would be fettled JDy negotiation, 
 as is evident by the concluding words of the 
 Preface, which were printed as he wrote them 
 when no longer applicable. 
 
 This Preface after reciting the ftruggle 
 which led to the publication of the firft 
 Part, and the profperous trade which refulted 
 from Governor Burnet's policy, adds : 
 
 **This 
 
nd pre- 
 
 hiftory 
 
 manu- 
 
 )w pre- 
 
 jociety, 
 
 e fame 
 
 tranf- 
 
 lons to 
 
 e fays : 
 of the 
 eace of 
 sr vour 
 at it is 
 rth, by 
 le Firft 
 :d as a 
 "ull, for 
 gilts of 
 letter 
 
 iculties 
 
 tiation, 
 
 of tlie 
 
 e tliem 
 
 truggle 
 le firft 
 efulted 
 
 
 <( 
 
 This 
 
 IntroduBion. xv 
 
 " This Hiftory from New Yoric foon went 
 to England, and I have been informed, that a 
 Publication, with a Continuance of that 
 Work, would be acceptable. I have the more 
 chearfuUy complied with this Notice, becaufe 
 of the War, threatened from France, believ- 
 ing that a publication of this Kind may be 
 ufeful, vvhether the prefent Inquietudes be- 
 tween the two Nations end in a War or a 
 Treaty. The French have encouraged fev- 
 eral Publications of this fort at Paris, and 
 certainly fuch may be more ufeful in a Britifli 
 Government, where the People have fo great 
 a fliare in it, than it can b,_ 'i a French Gov- 
 ernment, intirely direded by the Will of 
 their Prince. 
 
 "1 now continue this Hiftory to the Peace 
 of Relwick, and if I find this acceptable, and 
 that a farther Continuation of it be defired, 
 I fiiall, if my Life and Health be preferved, 
 carry it down farther; but as I have too much 
 reafon to doubt my own Ability to give that 
 Pleafure and Satisfaftion which the Publick 
 may exped in things thus fuHmitted to their 
 View, I think its not juftifiable to trouble 
 them with too much at once." 
 
 While Mr. Collinfon had the matter in 
 hand in 1743, Colden wrote: "If that book 
 could in any meafure draw the attention of 
 the Miniftry or of the Parliament to regard 
 
 the 
 
HI 
 
 
 XVI 
 
 Introdu^ion. 
 
 1 1 
 
 the Intereft of North America in refpect to 
 the Fur Trade, and the Incroachments which 
 the French are daily making on our Trade 
 and Settlements, I fhould hope I have been 
 of fome ufe to my Country. For this pur- 
 pofe you may, perhaps, think it not amifs to 
 add by way of Appendix what I formerly 
 wrote of the natural advantages which the 
 Province of New York have in carrying on 
 the Fur Trade beyond what the French of 
 Canada have, and which was fent to you by 
 Mr. Alexander with fome other printed 
 papers." 
 
 Mr. Collinfon does not feem at this time to 
 have found a publifher. It was at firft pro- 
 pofed to print it with Middleton's Voyage to 
 Hudfon's Bay, but the project of ifluing that 
 work fell through. 
 
 The war which broke out in 1744 feems 
 for a time to have ftopped all further move- 
 ment in regard to it, but in 1747 Collinfon 
 offered it to Thomas Ofborne, who under- 
 took to get out an edition. 
 
 The following is the title and defcription 
 of Ofborne's edition as it appeared in 1747 : 
 
 " The II Hiftory || of the || Five Indian Na- 
 tions II of II Canada, || Which are dependent || 
 On the Province of New-York in America, II 
 And II .Are the Barrier between the Englifh 
 and French 1| in that Part of the World. || 
 
 With 
 
 ft 
 
 J; 
 
 t 
 
 J 
 
 t I 
 
)ect to 
 which 
 Trade 
 e been 
 5 pur- 
 nifs to 
 merly 
 h the 
 ng on 
 nch of 
 ou by 
 rinted 
 
 me to 
 t pro- 
 age to 
 g that 
 
 feems 
 nove- 
 infon 
 nder- 
 
 ption 
 
 747: 
 I Na- 
 
 lent II 
 
 •ica, II 
 
 igliih 
 
 rid. II 
 
 With 
 
 A 
 
 •J 
 
 IntroduSfion. xvii 
 
 With II Accounts of their Religion, Man- 
 ners, Cuftoms, Laws, and Forms of || Govern- 
 ment; their feveral Battles and Treaties with 
 the European Na- || tions; particular Relations 
 of their feveral Wars with the other Indians; || 
 and a true Account of the prefent State of 
 our Trade with them. || In which are fhewn || 
 The great Advantage of their Trade and Al- 
 liance to the Britifh Nation, || and the In- 
 trigues and Attempts of the French to en- 
 gage them from us ; || a Subjed nearly con- 
 cerning all our American Plantations, and 
 highly meriting the Confideiation of the 
 Britifh Nation at this Jundlure. || By the 
 Honourable Cadwallader Colden, Esq;|| One 
 of his Majefty's Counfel, and Surveyor-Gen- 
 eral of New- York. || To which are added, || 
 Accounts of th feveral other Nations of 
 Indians in North- America, their || Numbers, 
 Strengtli &c. and the Treaties which have 
 been lately || made with them. A Work 
 highly entertaining to all, and particular || ly 
 ufeful to the Perfons who have any Trade or 
 Concern in that Part of the World. || Lon- 
 don. II Printed for T. Ofborne, in Gray's- 
 Inn. MDCCXLVII. Verfo blank. 
 
 Dedication "To the Honourable || Gen- 
 eral II Oglethorpe" || pp. iii-ix. Verfo blank. 
 
 The II Preface || to the || Firft Part || ::i-xiv. 
 
 A Vocabulary &c. xv, xvi. 
 
 The 
 
^\ 
 
 •: 
 
 \\ 
 
 
 xvin 
 
 IntroduSfion. 
 
 The Contents, 4 pp., without folios. 
 
 The Introduction, 1-19. Verfo blank. 
 
 The II Hiftory || of the || Five Indian Na- 
 tions II depending || on the Province of New- 
 York. 
 
 Part I. 21-90. 
 
 Part II. Baftard title. Verfo blank. 
 
 The Preface to the Second Part, 2 pp. (iii), 
 
 IV. 
 
 Part II. 91-204. 
 
 Papers || Relating to |J An Act of the Af- 
 fembly || of the \\ Province of New York, || 
 for II the Encouragement of the Indian Trade 
 &c. and II for prohibiting the felling of In- 
 dian Goods II to the French, viz. of Canada. || 
 
 I VI Verfo blank. Pp. (1)- 
 
 44. This is a reprint of the Bradford pam- 
 phlet of 1724, with an additional letter. 
 
 The II Treaty || Held with the || Indians || of 
 the II Six Nations || at || Philadelphia, || in July 
 1742. Verfo blank. Pp. (45)-86. 
 
 A II Treaty, || Held at the Town of || Lan- 
 cafter, in Pennfylvania, || By the Honourable 
 the II Lieutenant-Governor of the Province, || 
 and the Honourable the || Commiflioners for 
 the Provinces || of Virginia and Maryland, || 
 with the II Indians || of the || Six Nations || in 
 June 1744. Verfo blank (87)-i52. 
 
 A II Treaty || Between || His Excellency || 
 The Honourable George Clinton, || Captain 
 
 General 
 
OS. 
 
 3lank. 
 lian Na- 
 of New- 
 
 ik. 
 
 pp. (ill), 
 
 the Af- 
 York, II 
 in Trade 
 of In- 
 anada. || 
 -p. (I)- 
 rd pam- 
 ter. 
 
 ians II of 
 in July 
 
 ' II Lan- 
 ourable 
 vince, || 
 ners for 
 ^land,_ II 
 ons II in 
 
 llency || 
 "aptain 
 "eneral 
 
 Introdu^ion. xix 
 
 General and Governor in Chief of the || Pro- 
 vince of New York, and the Territories || 
 thereon depending in America, Vies- || Ad- 
 miral of the fame, and Vice-Admiral of || the 
 Red Squadron of H is Majefty's Fleet. || And || 
 The Six United Indian Nations, depending 
 on the Province of New York. II Held at 
 Albany, in the months of Auguft and || Sep- 
 tember 1746. Verfo blank (i53)-i96. 
 
 A 11 Collection II of ||Charters || and other Pub- 
 lic Ads || relating to the II Province of Pennfyl- 
 vania, || viz, || I. The Royal Charter to Wil- 
 liam II Penn, Efq. || II. The firft Frame of 
 Government, granted in || England in 1682. jj 
 III. Laws agreed upon in England. || IV. 
 Certain Conditions or ConceiTions. || V. The 
 Adl of Settlement made at Chefter, 1682. || 
 VI. The fecond Frame of Government, 
 granted 1683. || VII. The Charter of the City 
 of Phila||delphia, granted Oiftober 25, 1701.II 
 VIII. The new Charter of Privileges || to the 
 Province, granted Odober 28, 1701. Verfo 
 blank. Text (i97)-283. Verfo advertife- 
 ments. Sigs. (A) — O and B — T. 
 
 The third edition, London, 1755, has 
 nearly :he fame title : 
 
 The II Hiftory || of the II Five Indian Na- 
 tions II of II Canada, || which are dependent || On 
 the Province of New York, in America, || and || 
 Are the Barrier between the Englifh and 
 
 French 
 
fl t 
 
 ■I 
 
 XX Introduffion. 
 
 French '' ' hat part of the World |I With || 
 Particui. /\ccounts of their Religion, Man- 
 ners, Cuftoms, Laws, and || Forms of Gov- 
 ernment; their Several Battles and Treaties 
 with II the European Nations; their Wars 
 with the other Indians ; and || a true Account 
 of the prefent State of our Trade with them. || 
 In which are fhewn, || The great Advantage 
 of their Trade and Alliance to the Britifh || 
 Nation, and the Intrigues and Attempts of 
 the French to engage || them from us ; a Sub- 
 jedl nearly concerning all our American || 
 Plantations, and highly meriting the Atten- 
 tion of the Britifh || Nation at this Junfture. || 
 By the Honourable Cadwallader Colden, 
 Esq ; One of his Majejiy's Counfely and Sur- 
 veyor-General^ of New-York. || To which are 
 added, Accounts of the feveral other Nations 
 of Indians in North-America, their Numbers, 
 Strength, &c. and the Treaties which have 
 been || lately made with them. || In Two 
 Volumes || The Third Edition || London : || 
 Printed for Lockyer Davis, at Lord Bacon's 
 Heady in Fleet-Jireet ; J. Wren, in Salijbury- 
 court ; and J. Ward in Cornhilly oppofite the 
 Royal Exchange. \\ MDCCLV. 
 
 Title. Verfo blank, 
 iii-viii. Dedication " To the Honourable 
 
 General Oglethorpe." 
 ix-xii. The Preface to the Firft Part. 
 
 The 
 
 A 
 
m 
 
 I II With II 
 on, Man- 
 of Gov- 
 1 Treaties 
 eir Wars 
 : Account 
 :h them. || 
 idvantage 
 : Britilh || 
 empts of 
 5 ; a Sub- 
 merican || 
 le Atten- 
 undure. || 
 
 COLDEN, 
 
 an^ Sur- 
 which are 
 • Nations 
 'lumbers, 
 lich have 
 In Two 
 
 ONDON : II 
 d Bacon's 
 Salijbury- 
 Dofite the 
 
 •nourable 
 t. 
 
 4 
 
 The 
 
 IntroduRion. xxi 
 
 TheContents, 4 pp., without folios. — Map. 
 (i)-(2o). The Introduftion. 
 a 1-93. The Hiftory. 
 94-96. Part II. The Preface. 
 97-213. The Hiftory &c. 
 214. Title, *' Papers relating," &c. 
 215-258. Text. 
 259—260. A Vocabulary. 
 
 Sigs. A^— M. 
 
 Volume II. 
 
 Title. Verfo blank. 
 
 Contents. Verfo blank. 
 1-44. The Treaty, &c. 
 45. A treaty held at the town, &c. Verfo 
 
 blank. 
 46-116. Text. 
 
 117. Title. "A Treaty between his Excel- 
 lency the Hono. rable George Clin- 
 ton. 
 1 18-161. Text. 162. Blank. 
 163. Title. "A CoUedtion of Charters," 
 
 &c. 
 164-251. Text. 
 
 Sigs. B— M. 
 
 This edition is fo abfolute a reprint of 
 that of 1747 that what is faid of one will ap- 
 ply to the other; the division of the contents 
 in the two volume edition being apparently 
 the only change. 
 
 This catalogue of the various contents of 
 
 the 
 
4 1. 
 
 i, 
 
 XX ii IntroduHion. 
 
 the volume fhows that the edition of 1747 
 contains much more than the New York 
 edition. Befides the new Introdudlion, 
 written by Colden, and his fecond Part, with 
 its preface, which he tranfmitted to CoUinfon, 
 it contains alfo the pamphlet fuggefted by 
 Colden. The treaties with the Five Nations 
 which follow may have been fent by Colden, 
 as CoUinfon in one of his letters notes the 
 arrival of a treaty juft in feafon to print. 
 But the feries of papers relating to Pennfyl- 
 vania were certainly never fuggefted by the 
 author. Franklin on receiving a copy de- 
 nounced it in a letter to Colden. He men- 
 tions this condud of Olborne, *' which," fays 
 he, *' I think was not fair, but 'tis a common 
 trick of bookfellers." (Letter to Colden, 
 October, 1747.) 
 
 If we proceed now to examine the volume 
 in detail we are met by a feries of changes, 
 abridgments and extenfions that require ex- 
 planation. 
 
 The long title, with its geographical blun- 
 der, putting the Five Nations in Canada, is 
 of courfe not Colden's. He certainly would 
 not fo have yielded to French claims as to 
 bring the Canada border fo near Albany. A 
 letter of Collinfon's in the Colden papers 
 fays, that Dr. Mitchell, a friend of Dr. 
 Colden's, " uflifted in drawing up the title 
 
 page." 
 
 
if 1747 
 
 York 
 udlion, 
 •t, with 
 llinfon, 
 ted by 
 "Nations 
 'olden, 
 tes the 
 
 print, 
 ennfyl- 
 by the 
 py de- 
 i men- 
 1," fays 
 )mmon 
 "olden, 
 
 volume 
 langes, 
 lire ex- 
 
 1 blun- 
 ada, is 
 would 
 s as to 
 y. A 
 papers 
 f Dr. 
 : title 
 page." 
 
 
 
 I,- 
 
 Introdu^ion. xxiii 
 
 page." The author himfelf, in a letter to 
 Collinfon, fuggefted altering the title page (o 
 as to read: "Wherein is mown how advan- 
 tageous the Friendfhip of thefe Nations is 
 to the Settlement and Trade of the Brittifh 
 fubjeds all over North America, and what 
 pains the French have taken to withdraw 
 their affedion from the Englifh. A matter 
 which may deferve attention at a Time when 
 a Treaty of Peace ani Commerce may be 
 expedled between Great Brittain and France." 
 He adds : " This I propofe for the benefit 
 of the Printer, for othervvife I diflike prom- 
 ifing Title pages." 
 
 Colden's dedication to Governor Burnet 
 was merited and happy, but it is utterly im- 
 polfible to fuppofe that he wou'd addrefs to 
 General Oglethorpe, interefted folely in the 
 moft remote of the Britifh colonies on the 
 coaft, the fame language, with trifling changes. 
 What fenfe is there in the member of the 
 Council of New York complimenting Ogle- 
 thorpe on his applying his thoughts to Indian 
 aflfairs, and telling him "not only the prefent 
 generation will enjoy the benefit of your care, 
 but our lateft Pofterity blefs your Memory for 
 that Happinefs the Foundation of which was 
 laid under your Care &c. " ? The few changes 
 of "your Excellency" to "your Judgment," 
 "Excellency's Adminiftration" to "endeav- 
 ors," 
 
I 
 
 ;'i 
 
 I 
 
 1! J 
 
 ! 
 
 f i 
 
 I \ 
 
 I ! 
 
 xxiv TntroduSlion. 
 
 ors," "the Governor of New York" to 
 "every Governor in America," "your own" 
 to "one," do not prevent tiie abfurdity of 
 the whole Dedication as addrefled to Ogle- 
 thorpe. 
 
 The real Dedication ends with exprelfions 
 of gratitude, which are omitted. 
 
 As to this new dedication, the Colden 
 papers give further revelations. " The ded- 
 ication," fays Collinfon, in a letter of Auguft 
 3d, 1747, "was made without my leave or 
 confent, which makes me uneafie. I was out 
 of Town and Mr. Ofbourn was in haft to 
 publifh, and fo it happened, or elfe the pfon 
 I fhould have chofen would have been Lord 
 Lonfdale." Colden him.felf feems to have 
 propofed no change in this part, and an- 
 ticipated none. The changes in the title and 
 dedication are therefore certainly not by 
 Colden. There are alfo alterations in the 
 Preface, Introdudion and firft Part, of which 
 fome note is here given. A manufcript book 
 in a fubftantial piglkin cover, preferved in 
 the New York Hiftorical Library, contains 
 the fecond Part from about the middle of 
 the fourth chapter to the end, together with 
 the Preface to the Second Part and the re- 
 vifed Introdudion. Thefe papers coincide 
 with thofe in the edition of 1747 ; but there 
 is no reference to alterations in the Preface 
 
 or 
 
 if 
 
 ij,._- 
 

 Introdu£iion. xxv 
 
 or work itfelf, nor do any of the letters pre- 
 ferved allude to any fuch modifications. 
 
 We muft therefore judge them by their 
 intrinfic merit, and by this criterion we can 
 only decide that they cannot be attributed 
 to Golden. 
 
 Dr. Golden extended the Introdudlion, 
 but, as will be feen by the few annexed 
 notices of alterations, elfewhere the work 
 was retrenched. This would not be nat- 
 urally the courfe of the author, and on exam- 
 ination thefe retrenchments are ihiefly of 
 Indian names, fpeeches and the like. Dr. 
 Golden would not exclude names, which gave 
 his hiftory accuracy, exaclnefs and point, nor 
 omit the fpeeches to which he refers fo dif- 
 tindly in his preface; but we can well im- 
 agine that the London publirtier, beginning 
 with a view to economize, would propofe to 
 reduce fpeeches, in which he could fee no re- 
 markable beauty, or omit names which he 
 could not pronounce. 
 
 The following are fome of the changes 
 made: 
 
 In the Preface, p. vii, the words "and my 
 endeavoring" to the clofe of the firft para- 
 graph are omitted. 
 
 *'And this colledion" down to "will be," 
 omitted and altered. 
 
 The 
 
 or 
 
 m 
 
■ i 
 
 
 If . 
 
 h ,. 
 
 . I 
 
 I 
 
 xxvi IntroduSlion. 
 
 The firft fentence in the third para- 
 graph altered. 
 P. viii. "I muft confefs" to "defignedly," 
 
 omitted, 
 ix. "For the Indians," altered and not im- 
 proved. 
 
 "The Hiftory of Indians," altered. 
 X. "Various" changed to "curious." 
 
 "this firft Attempt of the Kind in 
 this Country, with more than ufually 
 favorable allowances," altered to " this 
 firft Attempt of this Kind, with more 
 than ufual allowances." 
 
 "The firft part" to the end, with the 
 fignature, omitted, 
 xi. " By the Dutch living in the Province 
 
 of New York," omitted, 
 xii. " But the French," &c., omitted. The 
 remark is, however, valuable as ftiow- 
 ing how, while the French had begun 
 to confound Wyandot and Teonontate, 
 the diftindion between the two was ob - 
 ferved at New York. 
 
 In the Indian name for Lake Huron 
 the word Quatoghe is omitted after Car 
 matare, making it nonfenfe. 
 
 " The Ifland," &c., note after New 
 York omitted. 
 
 " Nadouefliaux — Naduifleks," omit- 
 ted. 
 
 " Onnontio 
 
 1 
 
d para- 
 
 ;nedly," 
 
 not im- 
 
 Itered. 
 
 Cind in 
 
 ufually 
 
 ) ''this 
 
 h more 
 
 i'lth the 
 
 rovince 
 
 . The 
 
 fhow- 
 
 begun 
 
 ontate, 
 
 vas ob - 
 
 Huron 
 ter Car 
 
 r New 
 
 omit- 
 
 nontio 
 
 IntroduSfion. xxvii 
 
 "Onnontio — Yonnondio," &c., omit- 
 ted. 
 
 "The Dutch of this place," &c. 
 Note on Albany omitted, 
 xiii. " Under this," &c., omitted. 
 
 Wagunhas altered to " Dewagunhas," 
 and reft of note omitted. 
 
 The note at the foot of the vocabu- 
 lary on the dialeds and French and 
 Englifh notation, omitted, 
 xiv. Verbal alterations in firft paragraph. 
 XV. "But it is probable" to "theirs," omit- 
 ted. It is important as fhowing early 
 Englifh knowledge of the mode in which 
 the League grew up. 
 
 After "Sachems," the words "or old 
 men," are incorreftly introduced. 
 
 After " Republick, by itfelf," feveral 
 words are introduced. 
 " If they (hould once " omitted, and 
 the two following paragraphs transferred 
 fo as to follow the citation from De la 
 Potherie, and a ftatement inferted as to 
 the Creeks. 
 
 *' As I am fond " — whole paragraph 
 omitted, and new matter introduced, ex- 
 tending to feveral pages. 
 The opening paragraph is altered, the 
 opening being changed, the Indian name 
 of the League omitted: "the Dutch 
 
 fettled 
 
 XVI. 
 
li 
 
 t 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 M (i 
 
 5 
 
 xxviii Introdu^ion. 
 
 fettled New York," altered to "pof- 
 feflefTed themfelves of New Netherlands, 
 now called New York." 
 3, 4, 5. Thefe pages are almoft entirely 
 omitted, and the brief ftatement lefs 
 accurate than the original. 
 
 6. *' Retired to the fouth of Cadarackui 
 
 Lake," altered to '* fly to the Banks 
 of the Lakes." New matter is intro- 
 duced into the London edition. 
 
 7. The account of Champlain's battle on 
 
 Lake Champlain is altered, much 
 abridged, and errors introduced. The 
 original has, " Mr. Champlain made 
 his men keep their Canoes at fome dif- 
 tance," &c., (bowing that he and his 
 allies remained on the lake, which agrees 
 with Champlain, while the London edi- 
 tion fays incorredly " both fides went 
 afhoar." 
 
 10. The fentence beginning " It has been," 
 
 entirely omitted. 
 
 11. Indian words are omitted as SafTakue, p. 
 
 II, or mifTpe't as Wabmache, given as 
 Wabmake ; Yonnondio, as 1 onnendio ; 
 Utawawas, as Atawawas ; Saguenay, as 
 Saquenay ; to cite the errors that catch 
 the eye on one fingle page (29) of the 
 London edition. On the next page, 
 Ilinois becomes Hinois; p. 27, Mahi- 
 
 kanders 
 
 1 
 
 'i.. 
 
XXIX 
 
 24> 
 28. 
 
 31 
 
 IntroduSfion. 
 
 kanders becomes Mahikindars ; p. 31, 
 Sufquehanna becomes Sufguehana ; p. 
 57, Odianne, Cadianne. 
 "This Expedition." This whole para- 
 graph is entirely altered. 
 The fentence beginning "In the year 
 1667" is in part omitted, and the whole 
 matter concerning La Salle on pages 
 28, 29 is omitted. 
 
 After the word " Calamity," nearly half a 
 page is introduced in the Englifli edition. 
 
 32-35. The fpeech of SwerifTe is omitted 
 and ;i brief abftradl only given. 
 
 36-37. Speech omitted and fubftance only 
 given. 
 
 The important claufe " Corker's Lim- 
 its," omitted, and feveral others. 
 The names of Jehonongera and Kanoh- 
 guage omitted. 
 
 43-47. Speeches given only in abftrad. 
 
 58. " Let the river be fecure," &c., omitted. 
 Aflarigoa is fubftituted for My Lord, 
 throughout. 
 Thefe few references will convince the 
 
 reader that the original edition of Colden 
 
 has no little value, and in the grave doubt 
 
 that muft exift as to the extent in which Dr. 
 
 Colden contributed to the alterations which 
 
 appear in the London edition muft rank as 
 
 vaftly fuperior to it. 
 
 For 
 
 40. 
 
 41 
 
^^- 
 
 •• i 
 
 i I 
 
 : 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 ■ 
 
 1 : 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1, 
 
 i-i 
 
 t 
 
 a 
 
 ; I 
 
 1 
 
 ) iJ 
 
 I 
 
 i I 
 
 I 
 
 XXX 
 
 Introduction. 
 
 For many of the alterations and omiflions 
 there feems no folid reafon ; the omiiTion of 
 the fpeeches is inconfiftent with the preface, 
 in which the author at fome length defends 
 their infertion, and we can hardly conceive 
 it poflible that he retained the apology when 
 he had made it unnecefTary. 
 
 That he (hould have reprinted it at the 
 time without enlarging it from the acceflible 
 matter afforded by the publication of Charle- 
 voix' Hiftory of New France, in 1744, and 
 the curious work of Lafiteau, fo full of mat- 
 ter relating to the Five Nations, h indeed 
 furprifing, as he muft have been aware of the 
 labors of Mr. Smith, and the certainty that 
 he v.'ould ufe thefe fources. 
 
 Ofborne wrote, June 12, 1747, to Dr. 
 Golden: "If you have any thoughts of 
 making any further Edition (addition) to 
 the Five Nations, I (hould be glad to have 
 it as foon as poffible . . . . but fhould be glad 
 if you would bring it as low as poflible and 
 add fome of your neighboring Nations to it. 
 General Oglethorpe has promifed to give me 
 great help for the other Indian Nations, and 
 He was io kind as to overlook your manu- 
 fcript, and approved it very much." 
 
 Colden, however, apparently never made 
 any attempt to continue the Hiftory. He 
 probably wrote exprefllng his thanks to 
 
 General 
 
 ^- 
 
 rt 
 
IntroduElion. xxxi 
 
 General Oglethorpe, for Ofborne, June 6, 
 
 1748, fays : 
 
 *' I will take care to pay your compliments 
 to General Oglethorpe," a fort of proof that 
 Golden was unaware of it till he received 
 the General's thanks.'-' 
 
 Having thus given the hiftory of the work, 
 and its editions, as far as known, we re- 
 fume our brief fketch of the author. 
 
 After the clofe of Mr. Burnet's adminif- 
 tration, Dr. Golden removed to Coldeng- 
 ham, and there devoted all the leifure he could 
 command from his official duties to his favor- 
 ite ftudies, and to acorrefpondence with learn- 
 ed men in Europe and America. Among the 
 refults of his correfpondence was the eftab- 
 lifhment of the American Philofophical So- 
 ciety, firft fuggefted by him. He ftudied the 
 botany of his eftate, and finding a good bed 
 of turf fuitable for fuel, made probably the 
 firft New York canal to bring it to a conve- 
 nient place of depofit, although the work 
 may have had fome more im 
 
 forgotten objed. 
 In 1732 he d 
 
 rew up an 1 
 
 portant but now 
 portant docu- 
 
 ment — "The State of the Lands in the Prov 
 
 * Ofborne gives an infight into the pecuniary matters 
 of the edition. Hating that it coil him X'izo, and that 
 he had fold only 300 copies, had 200 on lale, and 500 
 on hand, 
 
 ince 
 
I 5: 
 i ii . 
 r 4 
 
 f : 
 
 '.• '■ 
 
 
 >s 
 
 . ; ) ; 
 
 1 
 
 
 !l I 
 
 xxxii IntroduSlion. 
 
 ince of New York,* and in 1738 made, in 
 form of a reply to certain queries of the 
 Board of Trade, another communication on 
 the Province and its Boundaries. f 
 
 During the adminiftration of Gov. Coiby 
 he was not in favor, and took little part in 
 public affairs. Although in Smith's Hiftory 
 of New York his name appears among the 
 Councillors who ordered the proceedings 
 againft Zenger, the official Journal omits his 
 name J for the year following October 1734. 
 
 In the fummer of 1740 he was appointed 
 one of the Commiflioners for " marking out 
 and fettling the Boundaries between the Prov- 
 ince of the Maflachufetts Bay and the Colo- 
 ny of Rhode Ifland Eaftward,"§ for which 
 his geographical and fcientific attainments fo 
 well fitted him. In this and a fimilar Com- 
 miffion he prefided with fuccefs.|| 
 
 His retirement from political ftruggles was 
 not fpent in idlenefs. Never lofing fight of 
 his profeffion, he contributed valuable pa- 
 pers on the difeafes of the colony. He was 
 one of the firft to fuggeft the cooling regi- 
 
 * Publifhed in O'Callaghan's Documentary Hillory, 
 i, 247. 
 
 f Printed in the Colonial Documents, vi, izi. 
 t Journal of the Legiflative Council, 642. 
 i) Col. Doc. vi, 167. 
 
 ii lb. 469. 
 
 men 
 
 '[ 
 
IntroduElion. xxxiii 
 
 men in the treatment of fevers. He pub- 
 liflied a trad on the cure of cancers, another 
 on the medical properties of the Bortanice, or 
 Great Water Dock, and oppofed the preva- 
 lent method of treating fmall-pox. 
 
 In 1741 and the following year. New York 
 city was defolated by a malignant fever, refem- 
 bling the yellow fever, which at a later day 
 committed fuch fearful ravages. Dr. Colden 
 communicated to the Common Council his 
 views on the caufes of the difeafe, which he 
 confidered local, and fuggefted efficient means 
 of guarding againft it. A vote of thanks at- 
 tefted the appreciation fet by the city on his 
 valuable recommendations.* 
 
 In 1742, as we have {^tn^ he wrote the 
 fecond part of his Hiftory of the Five Na- 
 tions. 
 
 The Ada Upfalenfia, for 1743, contains 
 his "Plantae Coldinghamiae in Prov. Nov. 
 Eboracenfi fpontanae crefcentes, quas ad me- 
 thodum Linnaei fexulem obfervavit Cadwal- 
 lader Colden," the great Botanic Contrib 4- 
 tion of Colonial New York, addrefled to 
 Linnaeus, and redeeming us from total inat- 
 tention to that fcience in which Pennfylvania 
 and Canada had won honors. 
 
 * His treatife is in the American Medical and Philo- 
 
 fophical Regiller. 
 
 But 
 
■ 
 
 iH 
 
 1 1 
 
 ' 1 
 
 
 I 
 
 : 
 ■ 1 
 
 : 1 
 
 M 
 
 I, 
 
 Mi. 
 
 I 5 ■: 
 
 xxxiv IntroduSlion. 
 
 But the work to which he devoted the 
 greateft labor, and many years of his life, was 
 •'An Explication of the Firft Caufes of Ac- 
 tion in Matter, and of the Caufe of Gravita- 
 tion." New York, 1745; London, 1746, 
 8vo, 75 pp.'- 
 
 "In this work," fays Mr. Verplanck, "far 
 from aiming, as has been fuppofed, at the 
 overthrow of the Newtonian fyftem, he pro- 
 ceeds the very fame path with the father of 
 the mathematical philofophy, and endeavors 
 merely to advance a few fteps beyond the con- 
 clufions where Newton had paufed. Newton 
 had himfelf exprefsly denied that he thought 
 gravity a power innate, inherent and efTentiai 
 to matter; and in a letter to Dr. Bently, had 
 faid that gravity muft be '^aufed by an agent 
 ading conftantly accordir.j; to certain laws." 
 This agent, and its mode of adion, it is the 
 objed of Colden's eflay to point out, and he 
 brings arguments to fliow that light is that 
 great moving power. 
 
 His treatife was enlarged and publifhed at 
 London, in 1751, under the title of "The 
 Principles of Action on Matter," to which 
 he added, "An Introdudlion to the Doiflrine 
 of Fluxions." This work was fo rapidly 
 
 * The London edition was got out from an early 
 copy, before the package fent by Dr. Golden arrived. 
 
 taken 
 
 t. \ 
 
 W I 
 
 1:: 
 
IntroduBion. xxxv 
 
 taken up that in 1788 Buffon, having loft 
 his copy and failing to replace it, applied to 
 Mr. Jefferfon, who wrote to Francis Hopkin- 
 fon for the tract. 
 
 Mr. Colden alfo wrote about this time an 
 Inquiry into the Principles of Vital Motion. 
 
 When Mr. Clinton became Governor Dr. 
 Colden was again recalled to more adlive 
 public life. The old parties had well-nigh 
 exhaufted their ftrength ; many of the former 
 leaders had withdrawn ; the moft prominent 
 man of the day, Chief Juftice de Lancey, was 
 connected by marriage with Dr. Colden, and 
 all feemed to promife a ftate of harmony 
 fuited to his taftes. But a rupture foon oc- 
 curred between the Chief Juftice and the 
 Governor, and Dr. Colden enjoyed the con- 
 fidence of Mr Clinton to fuch a degree that 
 in 1746, and the following years, he was ur- 
 gently recommended for the poft of Lieuten- 
 ant-Governor, firft as a deferved honor, and 
 fubfequently as a defense againft his politi- 
 cal enemies, headed by de Lancey. '^^ 
 
 In the fummer of 1746 the Governor, in 
 confequence of inftrucftions from the home 
 government, proceeded to Albany to meet 
 the Five Nations, and invited his Council 
 to attend him, but all declined to give their 
 
 ♦ N. Y. Colonial Documents, vi, 313, 377, 417. 
 
 attendance 
 
r 
 
 XXXVl 
 
 IntroduElion. 
 
 \ i 
 
 attendance except Mr. Colden and Mr. Liv- 
 ingfton. At Albany the Governor fell fick, 
 and Colden met the Indian Deputies, and 
 defcribed himfelf as the next perfon to the 
 Governor in the Adminiftration. This gave 
 offeme, and when he printed the treaty with 
 prefatory remarks, ftating the fadt that the 
 Councillors had all declined to go except him- 
 felf and Mr. Livingfton, the Council took 
 the matter up, and by refolution declared it 
 an invidious refledion,"'' and fome members 
 made a reprefentation to the Governor. 
 
 I have not met a copy of the original edi- 
 tion of this Treaty, but the pamphlet is in- 
 cluded in the London edition of the Five 
 Nations, of which we have given full titles. f 
 
 The adlion of the Council drew from 
 Dr. Colden a labored defense of his whole 
 courfe.;}; 
 
 Difgufted with the petty jerdoufies of the 
 men around him, he retired to Coldengham, 
 and returned to New York only on the ur- 
 gent folici '^♦■ion of the Governor. Here he 
 was brou^jht into frefh difficultv, his advice 
 to Mr. Clinton drawing on him the cenfure 
 
 * Journal of the Legiflative Council, 958, N. Y. 
 
 D 
 
 oc, VI, 330. 
 
 t It is given without Colden's preface in the N. Y. 
 Colonial Documents, vi, 317. 
 
 X lb. 318-340. 
 
 of 
 
Introdutlion. xxxvii 
 
 of the Aflembly and a violent attack frokn 
 Chief'Juftice dc Lancey. To this he replied 
 in a letter to the Duke of Bedford, Novem- 
 ber 2^, i748/-- 
 
 In the year 1750, at the requeft of Gov- 
 ernor Shirley he drew up the documentary 
 evidence of the right of England to the 
 lands claimed by the French, the conteft for 
 which ended in the overthrow of French 
 power in North America. 
 
 This was followed, in Auguft of the enfu- 
 ing year, by an elaborate report on " The 
 prefent ftate of Indian Aft'airs, with the Britifh 
 and French colonies in North America, with 
 foine obfervations thereon for fecuring the 
 Fidelity of the Indians to the Crown of 
 Great Britain and promoting Trade among 
 them."-|- 
 
 In 1753 he addreffed Dr. Fothergill on an 
 Epidemical Sore Throat that had appeared in 
 Maflachufetts in 1735. This was publifhed 
 in 1755, and republifhed in Carey's American 
 Mufeum. 
 
 His more important public career now 
 began. On the death of Lieutenant-Gover- 
 nor de Lancey, in 1760, Dr. Colden, as Prefi- 
 dent of the Council, came to New York, took 
 
 of 
 
 * N. Y. Col. Doc, vi, 469. 
 t lb., vi, 738. 
 
 up 
 
i) ^ 
 
 r 
 
 h\ 
 
 f-! 
 
 ^1 
 
 i' 
 
 
 xxxviii Introduction. 
 
 up his refidence at the province houfe, in the 
 fort, and adminiftered the government. He 
 folicited an appointment as Lieutenant-Gov- 
 ernor, and was appointed Auguft, 1761* 
 He adminiftered the government till Novem- 
 ber, 1765, except a fhort period, during which 
 General Monckton, the Governor, was in 
 New York. 
 
 The government again devolved on him in 
 1769, but he was fuperfeded the following 
 year by Lord Dunmore. He was called for 
 the fourth and laft time in 1774 to the ad- 
 miniftration, which he held until the 25th 
 June, 1775. 
 
 His adminiftration of the Colony thus in 
 a manner clofed the Englifh rule in New 
 York. A zealous and earneft fupporter of 
 the Britifh Crown, he met the cenfure of the 
 public. At the time of the Stamp A(5t he 
 met the full fury of the populace, and was 
 burned in effigy. His life, protracted to the 
 age of eighty-feven, clofed on the 21ft of 
 September, 1776, before the great ftruggle 
 had more than fairly opened, and while men 
 were but juft difcuffing the great adt of the 
 Continental Congrefs. 
 
 He died at Spring Hill, near Fluihing, on 
 Long Ifland, and was interred in the pri- 
 
 * N. Y. Col. Doc, vii, 461-2. New York Doc. 
 Hiftory, 497. 
 
 vate 
 
 ! I 
 
 If : 
 
Introduction. xxxix 
 
 vate cemetery on the place. His wife had 
 preceded him ieveral years, having died at 
 Fort George, in New York, in March, 1762, 
 aged 72. He had levera! children: i,'his 
 oldeft ion, Alexander, was Surveyor Gen- 
 eral of the Colony, and died in 1775; 2, 
 his fecond, David, died in infancy ; 3, 
 Cadwallader D. Colden, a man of note in 
 his day ; 4, David ; 5, Elizabeth, who mar- 
 ried Oliver de Lancev ; 6, Jane; 7, Alice; 
 8, Kate. 
 
 "Governor Golden," fays Verplanck, "was 
 a fcholar of vario as and extenfive attainments, 
 and of a very great and unremitted ardour 
 and application in the acquifition of knowl- 
 edge. When it is confidered how large a por- 
 tion of his life was fpent in the labors or the 
 routine of public office, and that however 
 great might have been his original flock of 
 learning, he had in this country no reading 
 public to excite him by their applaufe, and 
 few literary friends to aflift or to ftimulate his 
 inquiries, his zeal and fuccefs in his fcientific 
 purfuits will appear deferving of the higheft 
 admiration. A great mafs of manufcripts on 
 mathematical, botanical, metaphyseal and 
 theological learning, in addition to the works 
 publiftied during his life, afford ample proof 
 of the extent and variety of his knowledge, 
 
 and 
 
 ' ' \t 
 
I ; 
 
 
 .y. 
 
 VI 
 
 ! »■;. 
 
 II 
 
 ill 
 
 I 
 
 ^'ifl 
 
 1 
 
 xl 
 
 IntroduSfion. 
 
 and the Strength, the acutenefs and the verfa- 
 tility of his intelleft." 
 
 Befides the works already mentioned, and 
 his extenfive correfpondence with Newton, 
 Gronovius, Linnaeus, Franklin, the Earl of 
 Macklesfield and others, he wrote an Intro- 
 dudlion to the Study of Philofophy, a Tranf- 
 lation of the Letters of Cicero, with an In- 
 trodudion, an Inquiry into the operation of 
 Intelledl among Animals, "On the Eflential 
 Properties of Light," ** An Introdudlion to 
 the Study of Phyfic," "An Inquiry into the 
 caufes of producing the phenomenon of met- 
 al medley fwjmming in water," and feveral 
 papers on a method of ftereotyping. 
 
 
 » 
 

 
 ,(5. ?■ 
 
 .;■ il 
 
 lit' 
 ♦.-, 
 
 
 J il 
 
I i 
 
 i I ; i\ 
 
 i ' • '■' 
 
 IB 
 
 
 i It 
 
 i P- 
 
I i m 
 
1 
 
 THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 Five Indian Nations 
 
 Depending on the Province 
 O F 
 
 N E W - Y O R K 
 
 Li America. 
 
 
 Printed and Sold by William Bradford in 
 New-Torky 1727. 
 
i: %\,\ 
 
 r 
 
 
 V '■ \ 4t 
 
 A ■ I 
 

 T O 
 
 His Excellency 
 
 William Burnet, Efy ; 
 
 Captain General and Governor in 
 
 Chief of the Provinces of New -York, 
 New-Jerjey\ and Territories thereon 
 depending, in America^ aud Vice- 
 Admiral of the fame, ^c: 
 
 SIR; 
 
 THe Indian Affairs of this Province 
 have appear'd to your Excellency 
 of fuch Importance to the Well- 
 fare of the People here, that you have 
 carefully apply'd your Thoughts to them, 
 in which I hope your Excellency will have 
 fuch Succefs, that not only the prefent Ge- 
 neration (hall enjoy the Benefit of your 
 Care, but our lateft Pofterity likewife may 
 
 blefs 
 
 I 
 
II, 
 
 DEDICATION. 
 
 M'. 
 
 
 ! 1 ' 
 
 1 ■ r 
 
 !:. ffi 
 
 blefs your Memory under their Happinefs, 
 the Foundation of which may be laid un- 
 der your Kxcellency's Adminiftration, if 
 the People here, who's Intereft is chiefly 
 concern'd, do on their parts fecond your 
 Endeavours, as their Duty requires, to- 
 wards fecuring the Peace and advancing 
 the Profperity of their Country. 
 
 The following Account of the Five 
 Nations will fliow what Dangerous Neigh- 
 bours the Indians have been, what l^ains 
 a Neighbouring Colony' (who's Intereft 
 is Oppofit to ours) has taken to with- 
 draw their Affedions from Us, and how 
 dreadful the Confequences may be, if that 
 Colony fhould fucceed in their Defigns : 
 and therefore how much we ought to be 
 on our Guard. If we only confider the 
 Riches which a People, who have been 
 and may again be our Enemies, receive 
 from the Indian Trade ( tho' we were 
 under no apprehenfions from the Indians 
 themfelves ) it may be thought imprudent 
 in Us to fuffer fuch People to grow Rich 
 and Powerful, while it is in our Power to 
 prevent it, with much lefs Charge and 
 
 Trouble 
 
 I 
 
 
 -i 
 
 fi 
 I it 
 
t 
 
 
 1 
 
 D ED I C Ar I O N. III. 
 
 Trouble than it is in theirs to accomplifh 
 their defigns. 
 
 Thefe Confiderations are fufficient to 
 make the hiditm .Iffairs deferve the moft 
 ferious Thoughts of the Governor of 
 New-Vork. But I know your Excellency's 
 Views arc not conHn'd to the Intereft of 
 your own Country only. 
 
 The Five Nations are a poor Barbarous 
 People, under the darkejl Ignorance, and 
 yet a bright and noble Genius fhines thro' 
 thefe bliick Clouds. None of the greateft 
 Roman Hero's have difcovered a greater 
 Love to their Country, or a greater Con- 
 tempt of Death than thefe Barbarians 
 have done, when Life and Liberty came 
 in Competition: Indeed, I think our 
 Indians have out-done the Romans in this 
 particular ; for fome of the greateft Ro- 
 mans have Murder'd themfelves to avoid 
 Shame or Torments, ( a ) Whereas our 
 Indians have refufed to Dye meanly with 
 the leaft Pain, when they thought their 
 
 ( a ) This will appear by fevcral Inftances in the ferond 
 Part of this Hillory.' 
 
 Country's 
 
I 
 
 IV. 
 
 DEDICATION. 
 
 V' % 
 
 I i 
 
 Country's Honour woulil he at (lake, by 
 it, hut gave their Boilies wiUingly up to 
 the moft cruel Tornients of their Knemies, 
 to fhevv, that the Five Nations con (1 fled of 
 Men vvhofe Courage and Refolution could 
 not he fliaken. They fully, however, 
 thefe noble Vertues hy that cruel Faihon 
 Revenge^ which they think not only law- 
 ful, hut Honourable to exert without 
 Mercy on their Country's Enemies, and 
 for this only they deferve the Name of 
 Barbarians. 
 
 But what have we Cbrifiians done to 
 make them better r Alas ! we have reafon 
 to be afhamed, that thefe Infidels^ by our 
 Converfation and Neighbourhood, are 
 become worfe than they were before they 
 knew us. Inftead of Vertues we have only 
 taught them Vices^ that they were entirely 
 free of before that time. The narrow 
 Views of private Interejl have occafioned 
 this, and will occafion greater, even 
 Publick Mi/chiefs^ if the Governors of 
 the People do not, like true Patriots, 
 exert themfelves, and put a flop to thefe 
 growing Evils. If thefe Practices be 
 
 winked 
 
I 
 
 J^EDlCArrON. V. 
 
 winked at, inftead of faithful Friends that 
 have Manfully fought our Battles for us 
 the Ftve Nations will become fhith/e/s 
 rhteves and Robl^ers, and joyn with every 
 tnemy that can give them the hopes of 
 rlunder. 
 
 If care were taken to plant in them, and 
 cultivate that general Benevolence to 
 Mankind, which is the true Principle of 
 ^'ertue, it would effedually eradicate thofe 
 horrid Vices occafioned hy their Unbounded 
 Revenge; and then the Five Nations vjonid 
 no longer deferve the name of Barba- 
 rians, but would become a People whofe 
 Friendftiip might add Honour to the British 
 Nation, tho" they be now too generally 
 defpifed. 
 
 The Greeks & Romans, once as much Bar- 
 barians as our Indians now are, deified the 
 Hero's that firft taught them the Vertues, 
 from whence the Grandeur of thofe Re- 
 nowned Nations wholly proceeded; but a 
 good Man will feel more real Satisfadion 
 and Pleafure from the Senfe of having any 
 way forwarded the Civilizing of Barbar- 
 ous Nations, or of having Multiplied the 
 
 Number 
 
IU,^Jj»^-- gJl 
 
 VI. 
 
 DEDICATION. 
 
 H 
 
 Number of good Men, than from the fondeft 
 hopes of fuch extravagant Honour. 
 
 Thefe Confiderations, I believe, would 
 make your Excellency think a good Hijlory 
 of the Five Nations worthy of your Pa- 
 tronage. As to this, I only hope, that 
 you will look on my offering the follow- 
 ing Account, however meanly perform'd, 
 to proceed from the Defire . have of 
 making fome Publick Profeflion of that 
 Gratitude, which is fo much the Duty 
 of 
 
 SIR, 
 
 Tour Moji Obliged 
 And Mofi Obedient 
 Humble Servant, 
 
 • i 
 
 Cadwallader Golden. 
 
 1 1 i 
 
u 
 
 VII. 
 
 I 1 
 
 The PREFACE. 
 
 T Hough every one that is in the leaft acquainted with 
 the Attairs of North - Amnua, knows of what 
 Conlequence the Indianz, commonly known to 
 the people of Neiv-Tork by the Name of the Fin.u- Nations 
 are both in Peace an.l War, 1 know of no Accounts of them' 
 Published ,n £«,r/,-,i, but what are meet Tranllations of 
 trnnb Authors/ This feems to throw fome Reriedion on 
 the Inhabitants of this 1^-ovince, as if we wanted Curiolity 
 to enquire ,nto our own Affairs, and that we were willing 
 to rell tatisried with tile Accounts the Fr.mh give us of our 
 own Indians, nothwithftanding that the Fmuh in Canada are 
 always in a different Interelt, and fometimes in open Ho 
 (l.l.ty with us. This Conlideration, 1 hope, will jufUfy 
 my attempting to write an Hifh.ry of the Five Nations at this 
 time; and my endeavouring to remove that Blame with 
 wh/ch we may be charged, perliaps will attone for many 
 Faults which tiie want of Capacity may have occalioned 
 
 Having had the Perufal of the Minutes of the CommilH- 
 onersfor Indian Affairs," I have been enabled to colleft many 
 Materials for this Hirtory, which ar,. not to be foun.l my 
 where elle : And this Collediun will, at lealf, be ufeful 
 to any Perfon of more Capacity, who (hall afterwards un- 
 dertake this Ta/k. When a Hidory of thefe Nations (hall be 
 well wrote, it will be of great ufe to all the HritisI, Colonies in 
 North-America ; for it may enable them t.. learn Experience 
 at the Expence of others ; and if 1 can contrib,... anything 
 to (o good a Purpofe, 1 shall not think my Labour loft. 
 
 It will be necelfary t,. Excufe two things in the follow- 
 ing Performance, which, I am afraid, will be found f.ult 
 with by thofe that are the bell judges. The Firjl is. My 
 
 ( ^ ) filling 
 
 I 
 
ti m 
 
 VIII. 
 
 The PREFACE. 
 
 iMi 
 
 ! i 
 
 tilling up To great part of the Work with the Adventures of 
 Iniall Parties, and fometimcs with thofe of one fingle Man. 
 The Sfiomi is, The inferting fo many Speeches at length. I 
 muft confefs, that I have done both thefe defignedly. 
 
 As to the Firfl, The Hiftory of Indians would be very lame 
 without an Account of thefe Private Adventures ; for their 
 War-like Kxpeditions are almoft always carried on by Sur- 
 pri^ing eacli other, and their whole Art of War confifts 
 in managing fmall Parties. The whole Country being one 
 continued Forreft, gives great Advantages to thefe Sculk- 
 ing Parties, and has obliged the Chrijiians to imitate the 
 Indians in this Method of making War. I believ'd like- 
 wife, that fome would be curious to know the Manners and 
 Cuitoms of the Indians, in their Publick Treaties efpecially, 
 who could not be fiisfied without taking Notice of feveral 
 minute Circumftances, and fon..' things otlu-rwife of no Con- 
 fequence. We are fond of fearching into Remote Anti- 
 quity, to know the Manners of our Rarlieft Pr^'irenitors : if 
 I be not miftaken, the Indians are living Images of them." 
 
 My Defign in the Second was, That thereby the Genius 
 of the Indians might better appear. An Hiftorian may 
 paint Mens Aftions in lively Colours, or in faint Shades, 
 as he likes beft, and in both cafes pieferve a perfedl Likc- 
 nefs : But it will be a ditticult Tafk to (liow the Wit, and 
 Judgment, and Art, and Simplicity, and Ignorance of the 
 feveral Parties, managing a Treaty, in other Words than their 
 own. As to my part, I thought myfelf uncapable of doing 
 it. without depriving the judicious Obferver of the Oppor- 
 tunity of difcovering much of the Indian Genius, by my 
 Contrafting or Paraphrating their Harrangues, and without 
 committing often grofs Miltakes. For, on thefe Occa- 
 fions, a (kilful Manager often talks Confufedly and Obfcure- 
 ly with defign ; which if an Hiftorian (hould endeavour 
 to amend, the Reader would receive the Hiftory in a falfe 
 Light. 
 
 The 
 
 P 
 
 I 
 
The PREFACE. 
 
 IX. 
 
 L 
 
 The Reader will find a jireat DilVeience between fome of 
 the Speeches made at Albany, and thole taken from the 
 French Authors. The tirft arc genuine, and truly related, 
 as delivered by the Sworn Interpreters, and where Truth 
 only is required ; a rough Stile with it, is preferable to Elo- 
 quence without it. But I mall own. that / fufpett our 
 Interpreters may not have dune Juftice to the Indian Elo- 
 quence. For, the Indians having but few words, and few 
 complex Ideas, ufe many Metaphors in their Difcourle, 
 which interpreted by an helitating longue, may appear 
 mean, and ftrike our Imagination faintly, but under the 
 Pen of a Ikilful Interpreter may ftrongly move our Pallions 
 by their lively Images. I have heard an old Indian Sa- 
 chem fpeali with much Vivacity and Elocution, fo that the 
 Speaker pleas'd and moved the Auditors with the manner 
 of delivering his Difcourle ; which, however, as it came 
 from the Interpreter, difappointed us in our Expectations. 
 After the Speaker had employ'.! a confiderable time in Ha- 
 ranguing with much Elocution, the Interpreter often ex- 
 plained the whole by one tingle Sentence. I believe the 
 Speaker in that time imbellished and coloured his Figures, 
 that they might have their full force on the Ima^'ination, 
 while the Interpreter contented himfelf with the Senfe, 
 in as few words as it could be expred.' 
 
 He that firH writes the Hiftury of Matters which are not 
 generally known, ought to avoid, as much as polhble, to 
 make the Evidence of the Truth depend entirely on his own 
 Veracity and Judgment : Vox this real'on 1 have often relatei' 
 feveral Tranfadions in tiie Words of the Regifters. Wlien 
 this is once done, he that iliall write afterwards need not adt 
 with fo much Caution. 
 
 The Hiihiry of Indians well wrote, would give an agree- 
 able Amufement to many, every one might rind i'omething 
 therein fuited to his own Pallat ; but even then, every Line 
 would not pleafe every Man ; on the contrary, one will 
 (b 2) praife 
 
 ,'31 
 
 m 
 
 I ! 
 
m 
 
 I' » i. '* t 
 
 ; 
 
 i 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 *■'■ 
 
 ^ Mi:"' 
 
 !■ i /;:■■. 
 
 ;i'l- 
 
 I ! 
 
 ::lh' 
 
 ( : 
 
 ;•■ :; 
 
 X. 
 
 The PREFACE. 
 
 praifc what another condemns, and one defires to know 
 what another thinks not worth the Trouble of Reading : 
 And therefore, 1 think, it is better to run the Rifiiue of 
 lieing fometimes Tedious, than to omit anything that 
 may be Ufeful. 
 
 I have fometimes thought that the Hiftories wrote with 
 all the Delicacy of a fine Romance, are like French Dirties, 
 more agreeable to the Fallat than the Stomach, and lefs 
 wholfom than more common and courfer Dyet. 
 
 An Hillorian's Views mud be various and extenfive, and 
 the Hirtory of different I'eople and different Ages, requires 
 different Rules, and often different Abilities to write it : 
 1 hope, therefore, the Reader will receive this firll At- 
 tempt of the kinil, in this Country, with more than ufually 
 Favourable Allowances. 
 
 The Inhabitants of Nciv-Tork have been much more 
 concern'd in the Tranfartions wliich followed the year i688, 
 than in rliofe which |ireci'eded that year. As it requires un- 
 common C;)ur,;ge and Refolution to engage willingly in 
 the Wars of Cruel and Barbarous Enemies ; 1 rtiould be 
 lorry to forget any that may deferve to be remembred by 
 their Country with gratitude. The Firjl Part of this Hi- 
 (lory going abroad by it felf, may give tiiole that have any 
 Memoirs of their Friends who have diflinguillied them- 
 felves, an opportunity of Communicating them, and may 
 thereby enable the Writer hereof to do fome Julfiee to their 
 Merit. 
 
 They likewife tiiat are better acquainted with the Indian 
 Affairs may, perhaps, find fome Millakes in what is now 
 Published, and may know lome tilings wliicli 1 know not, 
 if till will be fo kind as to Communicate them, 1 shall 
 gladly Amend and Infert them in what is to follow. 
 
 c. c. 
 
 I) 
 
 i 
 
1^' 
 
 XI. 
 
 A Jhort VOCABULARY ofjome Words and 
 Names ujedby the French /hit burs, which are 
 not generally underjluod by the Engl i rti that un- 
 derfiandthe \^ x^\-\z\\ Language , and may there- 
 fore be U/eful to thofe that intend to read the 
 French Accounts, or compare them with the 
 Accouhii- now PublifJied.^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 Names ufcd hy the French. 
 BENAGUIES, 
 
 ALGONKINS, 
 AMIHOUIS, 
 
 ANIliZ, 
 
 BAY ,lcs I'UANS, 
 
 chvgag(;n, 
 
 CORLAER .,u 
 COKLARD, 
 
 DE - TROIT. 
 
 The Jame are call'd hy the 
 English or Five Nations. 
 
 OWENAGUNGAS, or 
 Ni-if-lOiir/ii/hi InMaiis, 
 ^nA arc Ibniftinies called tlie 
 Eiijkrn- Indians, 
 A Dl RON HACKS, 
 DIONONDADIKS 
 Nl'NDADEKS, 
 or 'I'rilic of' I lie 
 
 TIH- 
 
 Uranch 
 
 MOHAWKS, callcl ' niayiun 
 
 viny III 
 '- 7'urk . 
 
 liy the- Dutii 
 
 I'rovincc of A'l", 
 IINITAJICHE. 
 CONI'RAGHIK, 
 SCHENKCl'AnV. But 
 
 /'/■I'c Nations generally 
 
 til 
 
 the 
 , call 
 the Governor of Ne-iu - Turk 
 hy this Name, and they often 
 like wife comprelioiid iiiuh'r it 
 the People of this Province 
 TEUCHSAGRONUIE, 
 
 HURONS, 
 
■ i5 
 
 XII. 
 
 A Short VOCABULARY. 
 
 
 *|: 
 
 Namci ujcd hy tbc Ticiich 
 HUKONS, 
 
 IMNOIS, 
 IROCillOlS, 
 LAC HURON 
 
 LOUl'S, 
 MANHATTAN, 
 
 MASCOUTECS, 
 MAURIGANS, 
 
 MIAMIES, 
 MICHILIMAKINAK, 
 
 uu M1SSILIMAK.1NAK, 
 
 iviissisak.es, 
 nadouessiaux, 
 oneyouts, 
 onnontio, 
 
 ONTARIO LAC, 
 ORANGE, 
 
 The fame are called by the 
 English or Five Nations 
 
 CJUATOGHE. But the French 
 now generally call thofe of 
 that Nation only Huroiis, who 
 live at Mij/i/imatinaci, and 
 who are called Dionondadiks 
 ronoun by the Five Nations. 
 
 CHICTAGHIKS, 
 
 The FIVE NATIONS, 
 
 CANIATARE qUATOGHe 
 or iiiualoghe Lake. 
 
 SCAKHOOK INDIANS, 
 
 NEW - YORK. The Ifland 
 on which the City ftands was 
 called Manhattan by the In 
 dians, and ftill retains that 
 Name with the old Dutch 
 Inhabitants. 
 
 ODISTASTAGHEKS, 
 
 MAH1K.ANDER, or Ri-ver- 
 Indians 
 
 TWIHTWIES, 
 
 TEIADONDORAGHIE. 
 
 ACHSISAGHEK.S. 
 
 NAOUISSEKS. 
 
 ONEYDOES. 
 
 YONNONDIO, Tbe Name 
 given to the Go-vcrnrr of Ca- 
 nada by the Fi-ve Nations. 
 
 CADARACK.UI LAKE, 
 
 ALBANY. The Dutch of this 
 Province call tl.is place Fort 
 Orange to this Day, being 
 the Name given to it by the 
 Hollanders when they poffef- 
 led this Country. 
 
AShortY OQA B U L A R Y. XIII. 
 
 Names ufed hy the French, 
 OUTAGAMIES. 
 
 OUTAWAES, 
 
 RENARUS, 
 
 SAUTE URS, 
 
 SHAOUONONS, 
 
 TATERAS, 
 
 TERRE ROUGE, 
 
 TONGORIAS, 
 
 TSONONTOUANS. 
 
 The fame are called h\< the 
 English or Five Nations 
 
 Under this Name the French 
 comprehend the i^iuiikjies and 
 Scunkjiks. 
 
 UTAWAWAS or k^'a^unhas, 
 and iometimes Neci:ria^cs, the 
 English generally compre- 
 hend under the name Uhi- 
 Wii-.Viis all the Nations living 
 near Miljilimakiuak. 
 
 QUAKSIES, 
 
 EST1AGHIK.S, 
 
 SATAN AS, 
 
 TOUERIKS, 
 
 SCUNKS1K.S, 
 
 ERIGEKS, 
 
 SENNEKAS. 
 
 ^ 
 
 N B. The Five Nations, as they have (cveraliy a Dif- 
 ferent Dialeft, ul'e different Terminations, and the French 
 generally diftinguish that Sound in the Indian Language by 
 ( t ) which the English do by ( </ ) but I have neglerted 
 fuch fmall Ditlerences. 
 
 
^,#.^'• 
 
 !!l 
 
 n 
 
 1..! 
 
 \ : 
 
 i-l 
 
 I J 
 
 XIV. 
 
 A Short VIEW 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Form of Government 
 
 OF THE 
 
 FIVE NATIONS. 
 
 IT is necefHiry to know fomething of the 
 For?}/ of (iover)! merit of the l^eople whofe 
 Hiftory one reads. A few words will 
 ferve to give the Reader a general Notion of 
 that of the Five Nations^ becaufe it ftill remains 
 under Original Simplicity, free from thofe 
 complicated Contrivances which have become 
 neceffary to thofe* Nations >, i.ere Deceit and 
 Cunning have increafed as much as their 
 Knowledge and Wifdom. 
 
 The Five Nations (as their Name denotes) 
 confift of fo many Tribes or Nations joyn'd 
 together by a League or Confederacy, like 
 the United Provinces, without any Superiority 
 of any one over the other. This Union has 
 continued fo long that the Chi-ijlians know no- 
 thing of the Original of it. 
 
 They are known to the EngliJJi under the 
 
 Names 
 
 ii ' ,f 
 
A Short View, &c. XV. 
 
 Names of Mohawks , Oneydoes , Onnondagas, 
 Cayugas and Serinekas\h\xt it is probable that this 
 Union at firft confifted only of three Nations, 
 viz. the Mohawks, Onnorulagas and Sennekas, and 
 that the Oneydoes and Cayugas were afterwards 
 adopted or received into this League; for the 
 Oneydoes acknowledge the Mohawks to be their 
 Fathers, as the Cayugas do the Semiekas to be 
 theirs.*^ 
 
 Each of the Nations are diftinguifhed into 3 
 Tribes or Families, who diftinguifh themfelves 
 by three different forts of Arms or Enfigns, viz. 
 the Tortoije, the Bear 6c the IFolfe. The Sachems 
 of thefe Families, when they fign any Publick 
 Papers, put the Mark or Enfign of their Fa- 
 mily to it.'" 
 
 Each Nation is an abfolute Republick by its 
 felf, govern'd in all Publick Affairs of War and 
 Peace by the Sachems or Old Men, whofe Au- 
 thority and Power is gain'd by and confift;s 
 wholly in the Opinion the reft of the Nation 
 have of their Wijdom and Integrity.'' They never 
 execute their Refolutions by Compulfion or 
 Force upon any of their People. Honour and 
 Efteem are their Principal Rewards, as Shame & 
 being Dejpifed are their Punifhments. They 
 have certain Cuftoms which they obferve in 
 their Publick Aff^airs with other Nations, and 
 in their Private Affairs among themfelves, 
 which it \% J'candalous for anyone not to obferve, 
 
 ( c ) and 
 
 !« 
 
'm: 4 
 
 '!•' 
 
 '!-,» 
 
 il 
 
 
 ill*:' 
 
 f '• 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 W 
 
 ■ 'l 1' 
 
 'if'- 
 
 'ill 
 
 il ■ 
 
 
 I,' 
 
 ■r; 
 
 -l;Hlf 
 
 ! 
 
 I, ■; ,- 
 1 
 
 XVI. .4 Short yiew of the 
 
 and draw after them publick. or private ReJ'ent- 
 mcnt wlicii they are broke. 
 
 'I'heir Generals and Cuiptains obtain their Au- 
 thority likevvil'e by the general Opinion of their 
 Co/^;v/^f and Condutl^ and loofe it by a Failure in 
 thofe l crtues." 
 
 'I'heir Great Men, both Sachems and Captains, 
 ri.c generally poorer than the common People, 
 for they aft'ert to give away and dillribnte all 
 ihcFreJents ov Plunder x\\^y get in their Treaties 
 or War, fo as to leave nothincj to themfelves. 
 If they iliould once be fuipeiiled of SclJiJhneJ's, 
 they would grow mean in the opinion ot their 
 Country-men, and would confequently loofe 
 their Authority. 
 
 Their Affairs of (heat ConJ'equence, which 
 concern all the Nations, are Tranfadled in a 
 General Meetingo\ t\\vSachetns o^ every Nation. 
 I'hefe Conventions are generally held at On- 
 nondagd, which is nearly in the Center of all the 
 Five Nations^" But they have fixed upon Albany 
 to be the Place for their Solemn Treaties with 
 the lingUjh Colonies. 
 
 I'he TufcaroraSy fince the War they had with 
 the People o{ Carolina, fled to the Five Nations, 
 and are now incorporated with them, fo that 
 they now properly confiil of A'/.v Nations (tho' 
 they ftill retain the old Name among the A«ij^- 
 lijh.y* The Tufcaroras, fince they came under 
 the Government of New-York, behave them- 
 felves 
 
 ► t 
 
 *Uj 
 
I 
 
 Government of the 5 Nations. XV 1 1 
 felves well, and remain peaceable and quiet- 
 By which may he (Irn the ailvantage of ufing 
 the hiditius well; and, I believe, if they were 
 ftill better ufed, (as there is room enough lo 
 ilo it) the Indians woiihl be proportionably 
 more Ufeful to us. 
 
 As I am fond to think, that theprefent (late 
 of the hidian Nations exactly Ihows the most 
 Ancient and Original Condition of al molt every 
 Nation ; (o I believe, here we may with more 
 certainty fee the Original Form of all' Government, 
 than in x\\cmoJt curious Speculations o{' thx: I .earn- 
 ed ; and that the Patriarchal, antl other Schemes 
 in Politicks iwc no better than ll\pothe/'es in Phi- 
 Iqfophy, and as prejuilicial to real Knowleilge. 
 I (hall oidy add the Charader which Monf. 
 De la Poterie gives of the Five Nations in his 
 Hirtory of North-America, viz. 
 
 " When one talks [fays he) of the Five 
 Nations in France, they are thought, by a 
 " common Milhike, to be meet Harharians, 
 " always thirf^ing after Human Hlood ; but 
 " their true Charat^ter is very different : 'J'hey 
 " are .Mie Fiercejt and mojl Formidable People in 
 North America, and at the lame time as Po- 
 litick and Judicious as well can be conceiv'd. 
 This appears from their Management of the 
 " Affairs which they 'I'ranfad, not only with 
 " the French and knglijh, but likewife with 
 " almoft all the Indian Nations of this vaft 
 '' Continent. 
 
a:(»f»:««>:Ci.'>it«d:^)Mw:a<M*d:(i>o;uienS«it&>:u)')Miv:$d:(>dUi^^ 
 
 Errata. 
 
 {:fc 
 
 PAg. 3. line 18. for of (be read oftheje.. P. i j. 
 1. 9.f. Naoiousr. Nations. P. 17. 1. 19. for 
 Nipereriniens r. Nepiceriniens, 1. 25. dele towards 
 the. P. 24. 1. 13. dele But. P. 28. 1. 13. for 
 accomparicd r. accompanied. P. 36. 1. 1 1, f. w/zj 
 r. •jcr/r. P. 74. 1. ult. f. Bedonondadik r. Deonon- 
 dadik. P. 80. 1. 16. f. did not ^ ive flioidd r. ^/o 
 «^/, we fliall. P. 94. 1. ult. f. Peterie r. Potcrie. 
 P. 1 1 1 . 1. 2 8. f. Prevent^ Mr. r. prevent this, Mr. 
 P. 115. 1. 23. f. when r. //v;;. There are fome 
 other fmall Errors, which do not affed the 
 Senfe, and the Reader may eafily corred. 
 
 ':■ I 
 
 ' ■' i <i 
 
 < -iMiil i 
 
 ^..^.t.^^-^ii^ m«^ffi^fsiii^^^^i^^ 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 THere is now Published a M A P of the great Lakes, 
 Rivers and Indian Countries mentioned in the en- 
 fuing Hiftory. Printed and Sold by William Bradford in 
 Htw- York. 
 
 
 iii., 
 

 9 
 
 i- 
 
 I 
 
 M 
 
 I 
 
 185? J^K J^KC SJZ SiTrf ^'•2 jSK b"2 v*'4 v»?s sv"/ ^'^ vv' v.^ vvi '^'•' v/ v»f \W 
 
 »^ i*!? J*^ Jfs n% )At 5k M M vt yi -M r^^• M m m ^kc h-; m 
 
 T H E 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 Five INDIAN Nations 
 
 Depending on the Province o\' NEIV - TORK. 
 
 PART 1. 
 
 From the firft Knovledge the Chriftians had of 
 the Five Nations, to the Time of the Happy 
 Resolution in Great Britain. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 The Wars of the Five Nations with //;^^ Adiron- 
 dacks and Quatoghies. 
 
 THe firft Account we have of the /«- 
 ^w«J,_^who call themfelves Rodinunch- 
 ftouni," now commonly known by the 
 ■^ Name 
 
 I 
 
m 
 
 J 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 ill 
 
 
 ) ! 
 
 II 
 
 i-» 
 
 ii; 
 
 1; 
 
 
 In 
 
 
 2 Hijiory of the five Chap. I. 
 
 Name of the Five Nations^ (and by the French 
 call'd Les Iroquois) was from the French^ who 
 fettled Canada under Mr. Champlain^ their iirft 
 Governor, in the year 1603. fix years before 
 the Dutch fettled New-l'ork. When the French 
 firft arrived, they found the Adirondacks (by 
 the French called Algonkins) at War with the 
 Five Nations, which, they tell us, was occafi- 
 oned in the following manner. 
 
 ( a ) The Adirondacks fornierly lived about 
 one hundred Leagues above 'irois Rivieres,'^ 
 where now the Utawawas live ; at that time 
 they imploy'd themfelves wholly in Hunting, 
 and the Five Nations made Planting of Corn 
 their whole bufinefs, by which means they be- 
 came ufeful toone another, and lived in Friend- 
 fhip together, the Five Nations exchanging with 
 the Adirondacks Corn forVenifoi.. Tht Adiron- 
 dacks valued themfelves, and their manner of 
 living, as more Noble than that of the Five 
 Nations, and defpifed them for that reafon. 
 
 At laft the Game began to be fcarce with 
 the Adirondacks, they therefore defired that 
 fome of the young Men of the Five Nations 
 might joyn with them, and affift them i.i their 
 Hunting, which the Five Nations the more wil- 
 
 ( J ) Hifloire de L' Amerique feptenrionale par Mr. de 
 Bacqueville de la Potherie, Vol. i. Lettre 11." 
 
 lingly 
 
I 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 3 
 
 lingly agreed to, in hopes that thereby their 
 People might acquire skill in Hunting. 
 
 Lt has been a conftant Cuftom among all the 
 Nations of Indians, to divide themfelves into 
 fmall Companies while they Hunt, and to 
 divide likewife the Country among their feveral 
 Parties, each having a fpace of 3 or four Miles 
 Square ailoted them, in which none of the o- 
 thers muft pretend to Hunt; andif any Nation 
 fhould encroach upon the Limits of another, 
 in their hunting, they certainly draw a War 
 upon themfelves. 
 
 At this time the Adirondacks were obliged 
 to Ipread them Tel ves far, becaufe of the fcarcity 
 of the Game, and each Party took fome of the 
 Five Nations along with them, who being lefs 
 expert than the Adirondacks, perform'd moft of 
 the Drudgery in their March. One of the 
 Parties, which confifted of fix Adirondacks, 
 and as many of the Five Nations, marched 
 further than any of t-he reft, in hopes of the 
 better Sport : They had, for a long time bad 
 luck, fo as to be obliged to live upon the 
 Bark of Trees, and fome Roots, which thofe 
 of the Five Nations fcraped out of the ground, 
 from under the Snow. This extremity obli- 
 ged the Adirondacks to part from thofe of the 
 Five Nations, each making a feperate Com- 
 pany ; and after they had agreed on a Day to 
 return to a Cabbin where both of them left 
 A 2 their 
 
 ii^l 
 
 * i 
 
 I 
 
iif:> 
 
 I'r* 
 
 I- 
 
 \m 
 
 
 'v<: 
 
 i^'i 
 
 4 Hijiory of the fiv Chap. I. 
 
 their Baggage, each took his Quarter to hunt 
 in: The^i/^/>oW(3f^j were unlucky, andreturn'd 
 firft to the Cabbin, where not finding thofe 
 of the Five Nations, they did not doubt of their 
 being dead of Hunger; but thefe young Men 
 of the Five Nations were become dextrous with 
 their Bows, and very cuning in approaching 
 and furprizing their Game, which was chiefly 
 owing to their being more patient and able to 
 bear Fatigues and Hardfhips than the Adiron- 
 dacks were, accordingly they foon arrived 
 loaded with the flefli of Wild Cows. The 
 Adirondacks could not believe that they were 
 capable of fuch an Expedition, without being 
 allifted by fome of their Nation, However, 
 the Adirondacks received them with pleafant 
 Countenances, and congratulated them on 
 their Succefs. Thofe of the Five Nations made 
 the other a Prefent of the beft of their Venifon: 
 They eat together with much Civility, on both 
 fides : But the Adirondacks becoming Jealous of 
 this Succefs, confpired together, and in the 
 Night time murdered all the fix Men of the 
 Five Nations, while they flept. Next Morning 
 the Adirondacks foUow'd their Foot-fteps, by 
 which thev had return'd to the Cabbin, and 
 found the place where they had hunted, and 
 much Venifon which they had killed, which 
 the Adirondacks dryed, and carried home along 
 with them. 
 
 The 
 
 I 
 
 if \ 
 
 1 1 
 
ap. I. 
 
 hunt 
 urn'd 
 
 thofe 
 ffheir 
 
 Men 
 5 with 
 ching 
 hiefly 
 ble to 
 diron- 
 •rived 
 
 The 
 
 were 
 being 
 i^ever, 
 safant 
 Ti on 
 made 
 lifon: 
 
 both 
 t)us of 
 the 
 the 
 rning 
 
 ,by 
 and 
 and 
 lich 
 long 
 
 The 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 5 
 
 The reft of the Five Nations enquired after 
 their Companions ; The Adirondacks anfwered 
 very cooly, that they parted foon after they 
 had left home, and they knew not what was 
 become of them. But the People of the Five 
 Nations being impatient to know fomething 
 certain of their Companions, fent out feveral 
 Parties in queft of them : They followed the 
 Foot-fteps of thofe Hunters, and found the 
 fix Dead Bodies, which the wild Bcafts had dug 
 up ; and upon examination found they had 
 been Murdered. They made many Complaints 
 to the Chiefs of the Adirondacks^ of the In- 
 humanity of this Murder, who contented 
 themfelves with blaming the Murderers, and 
 ordering them to make fome fmall Prefents to 
 the Relations of the murdered Perfons, with- 
 out being apprehenfive of the Refentment of 
 the Five Nations \ for they look'd upon them as 
 men not capable of taking any Revenge. 
 
 Thofe of the Five Nations fmother'd their 
 Anger, and not beingwilling to truft themfelves 
 any longer with the Adirondacks, they returned 
 home to their own People, who then lived 
 wQViV Montr eat" ont\\e.V>7ix\V.'s,o^St.LawrenceRiver. 
 They gave an account of this AfTaftination to 
 their Nation, who upon hearing it conceiv'd 
 a vaft Indignation againft the Adirondacks, who 
 being advifed of the fecret movements of the 
 Five Nations, Refolv'd to oblige them tofubmit 
 
 to 
 
 •fS 
 
 'M 
 
M .-1 
 
 
 hi 
 
 '■I 
 
 I: 
 
 !* 
 'i:' 
 
 
 f ■ 
 
 ) ami I 
 
 iiCi'li ; 
 
 ill I 
 
 6 Hi/lory of the five Chap. I. 
 
 to their Law, by force of Arms. The Five 
 Nations apprehending their Power, retired tc 
 the Southward of Cadarackui Lake,'" where 
 they now live, and defended themfelves at 
 firft but faintly againft the Vigorous Attacks 
 of the Adirondacks. But afterwards becoming 
 more expert, and more ufed to War, they not 
 only made a brave Defence, but likewife made 
 themfelves Mafters of the great Lakes, and 
 chafed the Shawanons from thence. 
 
 While the two Nations were at War, the 
 French arrived and fettled in Canada, and the 
 Five Nations having forced the Adirondacks to 
 leave their own Country and retire towards 
 Rebeck, the i'V^wc^ thought themfelves obliged 
 to affift their New Allies, the Adirondacks, 
 without examining into the Reafons of the 
 War. 
 
 Thus began a War and Hatred between 
 the French and the Five Nations, which coft the 
 French much Blood, and more than once had 
 like to have occafioned the entire Deftrudlion 
 of their Colony. The War had driven the 
 Adirondacks to !-^uebec, and the defi'-e of Trad- 
 ing with the French, had drawn likewife all 
 their Allies that way, who agreed with them 
 joyntly, to make War againft the Five Nations, 
 and to attack them in their own Country. 
 
 Mr. Champlain defiring to give his Allies 
 Proof of his Love, and the Valour of the 
 
 French 
 
 
 
 I 
 
i 
 
 Part. I. Indian Nations. 7 
 
 French Nation^ put himfelf at the Head of a 
 Body o^ Adirondacks^ and pafTed with them into 
 CorlarsLnki'y^Kxch. from thistimethei'V^«f^have 
 called by Mr. Chaniplains name.^" 
 
 They had not long been in the Lake before 
 they difcover'd a Body of the Five Nations 
 going to War. As foon as they faw each 
 other, Shouts and Crys began on both Sides. 
 Mr. Cha}>^^/ain ma.de his men keep their Canoes 
 at fome ddlance; The Five Nations in the mean 
 time landed, and began to intrench themfelves, 
 by cutting down the Trees round them ; The 
 Adirondacks ftopt their Canoes near the Enemy, 
 & fent to offer them Battel, who anfwer'd, That 
 they muft fiay till Morning., when both fides would 
 have the Advantage of the Day Light : The night 
 parted in Dancing and War Songs, nvxed 
 with a thoufand Reproaches againft; each othe^. 
 M.r .Champlain\ia.6. putfome/'V^Wf^ineachCanc .,, 
 and order'd them not to (how themfelves, that 
 their appearance might be the greater furprize 
 to the Enemy, in the time of the Battel. As 
 foon as day light appeared, the Adirondacks 
 landed, in order of Battel, & the Five Nations to 
 the Number of 200 Men marched out of their 
 Intrenchments, and put themfelves in order, 
 with three Captains in the Front, having !arge 
 Plumes of Feathers on their Heads, and then 
 advanced with a grave Air and flow Pace. 
 The Adirondacks gave a great Shout and open'd 
 
 to 
 
 m 
 

 -^u 
 
 
 i/:'v; ; 
 
 f^'i i 
 
 
 
 1 1 ■ .,.' 
 
 
 Av 
 
 I 
 
 M 
 
 IP ! 
 
 8 Hijiory of the five Chap. I. 
 
 to the Right and Left, to give room for Mr. 
 Champlain and t\\&French to advance : I'his new 
 Sight furprized the Enemy, and made them 
 halt, to confider it, upon which the French 
 firing, the three Captains were killed: This 
 more furpriz'd the Five Nations ; for they knew 
 that their Captains had a kind of Cuirafs made 
 of pieces of Wood join'd together, that was 
 Proof againft Arrows, and they could not 
 perceive in what manner the Wound was given, 
 by which they fell fo fuddenly. Then the Adi- 
 rondacks gave a terrible Shout, and attacked the 
 Enemy, who received them bravely, but a 
 fecond Volley from X^^French^ put them into 
 fuch Confufion (having never before {t<t\\ fire 
 Arms) that they immediately fled. The A- 
 dirondacks took twelve Prifoners, and as the 
 Cuftom of the Indians is, burnt one of them 
 alive, with great Cruelty; His Torment had 
 continued much longer than it did, if Mr. 
 Champlain had not in Compaflion& abhorrence 
 of fuch Barbarity, Shot the poor Wreth thro' 
 the Head." 
 
 The Adirondacks having their Numbers thus 
 very much encreafed, and their fire Arms 
 giving them new Confidence, propofed no- 
 thing lefs to themfelves, than the entire De- 
 ftrudlion of the Five Nations^ by open Eorce ; 
 And upon this their Young Warriors became 
 Fierce and Infolent, and could not be kept 
 
 under 
 
Part I. 
 
 Indian Nations. 
 
 thus 
 nis 
 no- 
 3e- 
 ce : 
 
 :cpt 
 ider 
 
 under any Difciplinc, Order or Subjection to 
 their Chiefs or Captains, hut upon all Occa- 
 fions rafhly attacked the Enemy, who were 
 ohlig'd to keep thenifelves upon the Defenfive, 
 and to make up what tiiey wanted in l'\jree, 
 by Stratagems, and a skillful management of 
 the War. The Young Men of the Five Nations 
 foon ]ierceived the Advantages they gain'd by 
 this Condudl, and every day grew more fub- 
 milfive to their Captains, and diligent in ex- 
 ecuting any Enterprize, while the Adirondacks 
 confiding in their Numbers and their fire 
 Arms, thought of nothing but of Conquering 
 
 \ 
 
 )v meer l^orce. 
 
 fe* 
 
 fmr 
 
 iiy: 
 
 The Five Nations : 
 who meeting with great I\ umbers ot the yJdi- 
 rot/dacks, retired before them, with feeming 
 Fear and Terror, while the yldirondacks pur 
 fued them with Fury, and without thought, 
 till they were cunningly drawn into Ambuf- 
 cades, where moft of their men were kill'd 
 or taken Frifoners, with little or no lofs to the 
 Five Nations. 
 
 By thefe means and their being frequently 
 furprized by the Five Nations, while they re- 
 nuiin'd confident in their Number, the yldi- 
 rondacks wafted away, and their boldeft Soldiers 
 were almoft entirely deftroyed, while the 
 Number of the Five Nations rather encreafed 
 
 by 
 B 
 

 ] 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 i ^: 
 
 
 
 1 «]■■ 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 );. 
 
 ;:•'!•■ 
 
 )' 
 
 lo ilijlory of the five Chap. I. 
 
 by the .'uldirioii of the Prifoncrs which they 
 took from the ShawuHOHS. 
 
 It has l)ceii a conftaiit Maxim with the Five 
 Nations, to lave the Children and Young Men 
 of the IV'ople they Conquer, to adopt them into 
 their own Nation, and to educate them as their 
 own Children, without l)iftin(iHon; Thefe 
 young I'eople foon forget their own Country 
 and Nation, ; and by this l^olicy the Five Na- 
 tions make up the Lofles which their Nation 
 fuffcrs by the People they loofe in War. The 
 wifeft and beft Soldiers of the Adirondacks 
 when it was too late, difcovered that they 
 muft imitate and learn the Art of War from 
 thofe Enemies, that they at firft Defpifed. 
 Now five of their Chief Captains endeavour 
 to perform by themfelves fingly, with Art 
 and by Stratagem, what they could not perform 
 by Force at the Head of their Armies ; but 
 they having no longer any hopes of Con- 
 quering their Enemies, their thoughts were 
 only fet on Revenge.'' 
 
 I'he Five Nations had taken one of the chief 
 Captains of the Adirondacks, and had burnt 
 him alive. This gave Piskaret, who was the 
 chief Captain of the Adirondacks fo deep a Re- 
 fentmenr, that the Difficulty or Danger of 
 the moft defperate Attempt made no Impref- 
 fion upon his Spirit, where he had the hope 
 of Revenge. 
 
 I 
 
 
 I 
 
were 
 
 chief 
 
 burnt 
 
 as the 
 
 aRe- 
 
 ger of 
 
 nipref- 
 
 hope 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. II 
 
 I fhall give the Particulars of this from th^ 
 French Accounts; for by it the nature of th^ 
 Indians, and the manner of their making War> 
 may be more eafily underftood. 
 
 Piskarety with four other Captains, fet out 
 from 'Trois Rivieres in one Canoe, each being 
 provided with three Fuzees. In two Days 
 they reach'd Sorel River, where they perceiv'd 
 five Canoes of th'; Five Nati • with ten Men 
 in each. At firR thofe of tht. Fi Nationshe- 
 lieved that this Canoe war the n of fome 
 confiderable Party, and r •c^ii/bre went from 
 it with all the force of their ^'addles. When 
 they faw that after a conliuerable time, no 
 others followed, they re ^t. A, and as foon as 
 they came within call, they raifed their War- 
 Shout, which they call Sajfakue, and bid 
 Piskaret and his Fellows Surrender. He 
 anfwered, That he was their Prifoner, and 
 that he could no longer furvive the Captain 
 they had burnt ; but that he might not be 
 accufed of furrendering Cowardly, he bid 
 them advance to the middle of the River 
 which they did, with furprizing Swiftnefs. 
 Piskaret had before hand loaded all his Arms 
 with two Bullets each, which he joyn'd toge- 
 ther with a finall Wire ten Inches in length 
 with defign to tear the Canoes in pieces (which 
 it could not fail to do, they being made only of 
 Birch Baric) and gave his Companions Dire- 
 B 2 ftion 
 
■Ir. 
 
 
 
 1*': 
 
 ■' 'j«; f 
 
 ml 
 
 ' 'f 
 
 
 is. 
 ;i 1 I 
 
 
 : } 
 
 r 
 
 12 liijiory of the five Chap. I. 
 
 ftion, each to chufc a Canoe, and level his 
 fliot between Wind and Water 
 
 As the Canoes approached, he made as if 
 he had defign'd to eicape; and to prevent him, 
 thofe of the Five Nations feperated from each 
 other with too much Precipitation, and Sur- 
 rounded him. The Adirondacks^ the better to 
 amufe the Enemy, fung their Death Song, 
 as ready to furrender themfelves, when every 
 onefuddenly took his Piece and fired upon the 
 Canoes, which they Reiterated three times, 
 with the Arms that lay ready. Thofe of the 
 /'VtvA^^i/ww.rwereextreamly furpriz'd; for Fire 
 Arms were dill terrible to them, and they tum- 
 bled out of their Canoes, which immediately 
 funk" The Adirondacks knock't them all on the 
 head in the Water, except fome of the chiefs that 
 they madcPrifoners, who's P'ate was as cruel as 
 that of the Adirondack Captain, who had been 
 burnt alive. 
 
 Piskaret was fo far from having his Revenge 
 glutted with this .Slaughter, and the cruel 
 Torments with which he made his Prifoners 
 dye, that it feem'd rather to give a keener edge 
 to it; for he foon after attempted another enter- 
 prize in which the boldefl: of his Country-men 
 durft not accompany him. 
 
 He was well acquainted with the Country 
 of the h'ive Nations, he fet out alone about the 
 time that the Snow began to melt, with the 
 
 precaution 
 
 
Part I. Indian Nations. 13 
 
 precaution of putting the hinder part of his 
 Snow Shoes forward, that if any Oiouhl ha}-)- 
 pen uj n his foot-lleps, they might think that 
 he was gone the contrary way ; and for fur- 
 ther fecurity went ah)ng a Kidge, where the 
 Snow was melted, anil where his foot-fteps 
 could not he difcovered, hut in a few places. 
 When he fouiul himfelf near one of the Vil- 
 lages of the Five Naoious he hid himfelf in a 
 hollow 'I'ree: In the Night he found out a 
 IMace nearer at hand, antl more proper to re- 
 tire into, for the execution ot any I'.nterprize. 
 He found four Piles of Wood Handing clofe 
 together, which the Indians had provided againft 
 the Winter and their hufie times, in the middle 
 of which was a hollow place, in which he 
 thought he could fately hitle. The whole 
 Village wasfaft afleep when he enter'daCabhin, 
 kill'd four Perfons and took off their Scalps, 
 being all that were in the Houfe, and then re- 
 turn'd quietly into his Hole. In the Morning 
 the whole Village was in an Alarm, as foon as 
 the Murder was difcovered, and the young 
 Men made all poOihle harte to follow the A/«r- 
 rt'^rfr. They difcover'd/^/j"^vir6V.fh)()t-fteps, which 
 appear'd to them to he the foot-fteps of fome 
 Perfon that rted; this encourag'il them in their 
 Purfuit: Sometimes thev loft the Trad, and 
 fometimes found it again, till at laft they en- 
 tirely loft it, where the Snow was melted, and 
 
 they 
 
Il'f 
 
 ■V'.. i 
 
 '.' ! 
 
 !i 
 
 ll i 
 
 14 Hijlory of the Jive Chap. I. 
 
 they were forced to return, after much ufelefs 
 fatigue. Piskarel quiet in the niidft of his Ene- 
 mies waited with impatience for the Night. 
 As foon as he favv that it was time to a(5t [viz. 
 in the tirft part of the night, when the hidians 
 are obferved to fleep very fafti he enter'd into 
 another Cabhin, wliere he kill'd every Perfon 
 in it, ik immediately retir'd into his Wood-pile. 
 In the morning there was a greater Outcry than 
 before, nothing was feen but Wailing, Tears, 
 and a general Confternation. Every one runs 
 in queft of the Murderer, but no Trad: to be 
 (qqw bcfides the Tradl which they faw the day 
 before. Thcv fearch'd the Woods, Swamps 
 and Clifts of the Rocks, but no Murderer to 
 be found. They began to fufpecl: Piskaret, 
 who's Boldnefs and Cunning was too well 
 known to them. They agreed that two men 
 next night fhould watch in every Cabbin. All 
 day long he was contriving fome ntw Stratagem, 
 he bundles up his Scalps, and in the night he 
 flips out of his lurking place, He approaches 
 one of the Cabbins as quietly as poiTible and 
 peeps thro' a hole to fee what could be done, 
 there he perceived (iuards on the Watch, he 
 went to another, where he found the fame care. 
 When he difcover'd that they were everywhere 
 upon their Guard he refolved to ftrike his laft 
 blow, and opened a Door, where he found a 
 Centinel nodding with his Pipe in his mouth, 
 
 Pijkaret 
 
 I 
 
he 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 15 
 
 Piskaret fplit his Scull with his Hiitchct, hut 
 had not time to take his Scalp, for aiu)ther man 
 who watched at the other end of the Cahhin, 
 ralfed the cry, and P'ljharct Hed. The whole 
 Villc?ge immediately was in an Uproar, while 
 he got off as faft as he could ; Many purfued 
 him, luit as he was fo i'wift as to run down the 
 Wild Cows and the Deer, the purfuit gave him 
 no great uneafmefs; When he perceived they 
 came near him, he wouKl Halloe to them, to 
 quicken their pace, then fpring from them like 
 a Buck. When he gain'd any diftance he would 
 loiter till they came near, then halloe, and fly. 
 Thus he continuetl all ilay, with defign to tire 
 them out, with the hopes of over-taking him. 
 As they purfued only a fingle Man, Ave or 
 fix only of the Nimhleft young Men con- 
 tinued the Chace, till being tired they were 
 forced to reft in the Night, which when PiJ- 
 karet obferved, he hid himfelf near them in a 
 hollow Tree. They had not time to take Vic- 
 tuals with them, and being wearied i^c hungry, 
 and not apprehending any Attack from a fingle 
 Perfbn that fled, they all foon fell a fleep. PiJ- 
 karet obferv'd them, fell upon them, kill'd them 
 all, and carried away their {b) Scalps." 
 
 Thefe 
 
 ( /) ) Thefe arc the Trophies of Victory which all the 
 Indian Niitions carry home with them, if they have time 
 
 to 
 

 I 
 
 <■''■■ 
 
 i v: 
 
 ■;iv 
 
 
 
 (f- 
 
 1 6 Hiftory of the five Chap. I. 
 
 Thefe Stories may feem incredible to many, 
 but will not appear to be Improbable to thole 
 who know how extreamly Revengeful the 
 buUans naturally are. That they every day un- 
 dertake the greateft Fatigues, the longcft Jour- 
 neys, and the greateil l^angers, to gratifie that 
 Devouring PaiVion, which Teems to gnaw their 
 Souls, and gives them no cafe till it is fatisfied. 
 All Barbarous Nations have been obferved to 
 be Revengful and Cruel, the certain Confe- 
 quences of an unbounded Revenge, as the 
 Curbing of thefe Pailions is the happy EfFedl 
 of being Civilized. 
 
 The Five Nations are To much delighted with 
 Stratagems in War, that no Superiority of their 
 Force makes them negled: them. They amu- 
 fed therefore the Adirondacks and their Allies, 
 the ^^latogbies^ (called by the French^ Hurons) 
 by fending to the French, and defiring Peace. 
 The French defired them to receive fome 
 Prieils among them , in hopes that thefe 
 prudent Fathers would by fome Art recon- 
 cile them to the French, and engage their Af- 
 feftions. The Five Nations accepted the Offer, 
 and fome Jefuits went along with them. But 
 
 after 
 
 to flea the Scalp from the Skull of their Enemies, when 
 they have killed them ; and ibmetinics they are lb cruel as 
 10 flea the Scalp off, without killing them, or otherwife 
 wounding them, but leave them in this miferable Condition 
 with their Skull bare. 
 
 i 
 
I 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 17 
 
 after they had the Jefuits in their [^ower, they 
 ufed them only as Hoftages, and by that means 
 obliged the French to be Neuter, while they 
 prepared to Attack the Adirondacks and ^'^ua- 
 to^hies, and accordingly entirely destroy'd 
 the !-'2j4atogiyu's in a Battel fought within two 
 Leagues o\ !::^iieheck , while the French dm9i 
 not give their Allies any afliftance." 
 
 Indeed the French Author fays, That if the 
 Five Nations had known the weaknefs of the 
 French at that time, they might eafdy have de- 
 ftroyed that Colony.'' 
 
 The Defeat of the ^Ouatoghies ftruck Terror 
 into all the Allies of t\\& Adirondacks , who 
 were at that time very Numerous, becaufe of 
 the benefit of the French Trade, which they 
 had by rheir means; for before that time the 
 Indians had not any Iron Tool among them. 
 
 The Nipeceriniens , who then lived on the 
 Banks of^SV. Laurence Riz-:r, fled to the North- 
 ward, in hopes that the extream Coldnefs of 
 the Climate, and a barren Soil, would free 
 them from the fear they had of the Five Na- 
 tions.'" The remainder of the ^^ualoghies flf>d 
 with the Utawawas towards the Southwest- 
 ward, and for their greater Security fettled 
 in an Jfland, which the French ftill call by 
 their Name, which being further than the 
 Name of the Five Nations had at that time 
 
 C reached, 
 
 .1 
 
li 
 
 hi 
 
 M' 
 
 X.' 
 
 «■■■ 
 
 ^ 
 
 'ii 
 
 
 9 
 s 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 .! 
 
 ^1 
 
 I 
 
 1 8 Hijiory of the five Chap. I . 
 
 reached, they thought themfelves fecure by 
 the Diftance of the PUice." 
 
 This Expedition having fucceeded fo well, 
 the Five Nations gave out, that they intended 
 next Winter to vifit Vonnondio (the name they 
 give to the (jovernor of Canada.) Thefe 
 vifits are always made with much Show. 
 They gather'd together looo or i2qo Men, 
 and palling over Corlaers Lake^ they fell in 
 with Nicolct River, where it falls into the 
 South fide of Lake St. Pierre^ in St. Laurence 
 River, eight Leagues above Trois Rivieres ; Six 
 Scouts marched three Leagues before the 
 Army, who met with Piskaret, as he return'd 
 from Hunting, loaded with the Tongues of 
 wild Cows. As they came near him, they 
 fang their Song of Peace, and Piskaret tak- 
 ing them for Ambafladors, ftopt, and fung 
 his. It is probable that he having glutted 
 his private Revenge, and his Nation having 
 been long harafl'ed with a Cruel War, he 
 too greedily fwallow'd the Bait: Peace be- 
 ing what he and all his Nation earneftly 
 defir'd. He invited them therefore to go 
 along with him to his Village, which was 
 but two or three Leagues further: and as 
 he went, he told them, that the Adirondacks 
 were divided into two Bodies, one of which 
 hunted on the North fide of St. Laurence 
 
 River 
 
 
 
^11, 
 
 
 Part. I. Indian Nations. 19 
 
 River at IVabmache, three Leagues above 'Trois 
 Rivieres, and the other at Nicolet. One of 
 the Scouts had on purpole (laid behind, this 
 Man followed Piskaret, and coming up be- 
 hind him, knockt him on the Head with 
 his Hatchet. Then they all returned to their 
 Army with Piskarei's Head." The Five Na- 
 tions immediatelv divided likewife into two 
 Bodies, they furprized the Adirondacks, and 
 cut them in pieces. 
 
 Thus the moft War-like and Polite Nation 
 of all the Indians in North- America "^^^ almoft 
 entirely Deftroy'd by a People they at firft 
 defpifed, and by a War which their Pride and 
 Injuftice brought upon them. Immorality has 
 ever ruin'd the Nations where it abounded, 
 whether they were Civilized or Barbarians, 
 as Juftice and ftritl Discipline has made o- 
 thers Flourifh and grow Powerful. 
 
 A very few Adirondacks now remain in 
 fome Villages near Ir^iebeck,'''' who ftill wafte 
 away and decay, by their drinking Strong 
 Waters, tho' when the French firll fettled 
 ^^ebeck, 1500 Men of them lived between 
 that and Silleri, which are only a League 
 diftant,'" befidcs thofe that lived at Saguenay, 
 T'rois Rivieres, and fome other places. After 
 this Battle the Adirondacks have never been 
 confidered as of any confequence, either in 
 Peace or War. 
 
 C 2 The 
 
Jll. 
 
 20 Hijiory of the five Chap. I. 
 
 The ^latoghies and Utawawas foon began 
 to be in want of the European Commodities, 
 and their defire to make themfclves confide- 
 rable among their new Frienas, fet them 
 upon attempting to return to trade at ^e- 
 becky by which means the place of their re- 
 treat was difcovered to the Five Nations, who 
 not having their Revenge fatiated, fo long 
 as any ot that Nation remain'd, refolved at 
 all hazards to march through thefe vaft un- 
 known Deferts, to fatisfv their cruel Paflion. 
 The ^latoghies had the good Fortune to 
 difcover them time enou.';h to malce their 
 Efcape, and fled to the Putcwateniies, who 
 liv'd a days Journey furdier, where the^ 
 and all the Neighbouring Nations fecur'd 
 themfelves in a large Fort. The Five Nations 
 followed, but being in want of Provifions, 
 they could not attempt a Siege, and there- 
 fore propos'd a Treaty to the Futewatemies, 
 which was accepted. The Futewatemies a- 
 greed to a League of Friendfhip, in which 
 they Ticknowledged the Five Nations to be the 
 M- f. , ">{' all the Nations round them, ap- 
 pifiuck" their Valour, and promifed ':o fup- 
 ply them with Provifions, but woulci not 
 truft themfelves out of their Fort. The 
 Futewatemies accordingly fent them out a fup- 
 ply of Provifions, but with defign to effect, 
 by Treachery, what they durft not attempt 
 
 by 
 
 V 
 
 ■■ J' 
 
 :% 
 1 
 
I 
 
 Part I. 
 
 Indian Nations. 
 
 21 
 
 by Force ; for they Poifon'd all the Provl- 
 fions. This was dlfcover'd to them by an 
 old ^atoghie^ who had a Son Prifoner a- 
 mong the Five Nations . His affedion for his 
 Son overcame his hatred to his Country's 
 Enemies. This Treachery enraged the Five 
 Nations againft the Putewatemies , and the 
 Neighbouring Nations, but Famine obliged 
 them to return at this time, and to feperate 
 their Army into Parties, the better to pro- 
 vide for their Subfiftence by Hunting. One 
 of thefe Parties fell in with a Village of the 
 Chichtaghicks (call'd by the French^ Ilinuis) and 
 furpriz'd the old Men, Women and Chil- 
 dren, when the young Men were abroad 
 Hunting, but they upon their return ga- 
 ther'd all the reft of the VillageSj purfued 
 the party of the Five Nations^ and recover'd 
 the Prifoners." 
 
 This was the firft time that the Five Nations 
 had appear'd in thoit Parts, but their Na* le 
 was become fo Terrible, that the Cbicktaghukj. 
 notwithftanding of this Advantage, left t-tvir 
 Country, and fled to the Nations that 11 .;a 
 Weftward, till the general Peace was fettled 
 by the French^ and then they return'd to 
 their own Country. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
22 
 
 Hijiory of the five 
 
 Chap. II. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Their Wars and'TreatiesofPeacewith the French, 
 from 1665. to 1683. and their Affairs with 
 New- York in that 'Time. 
 
 TN June, 1665, Monf. de Trafi being Ap- 
 •*• pointed Vice-Roy of America^ arrived at 
 Sluehecky after ne had vifited all the Iflands in 
 the Wefi-Indies^ and brought with him four 
 Companies of Foot. In September of the fame 
 year Mr. Courfel arrived with the Commiffion 
 of Governor General of Canada , with eleven 
 Veflels, which tranfported a Regiment, and 
 feveral Families, with all things neceflary for 
 the eftablifhing of a Colony. The French Force 
 being hus fo confiderably augmented, he re- 
 folved in the Winter to fend out a Party 
 againft the Mohawks^ which by the Cold, 
 and their not knowing the ufe of Snow-Shoes, 
 fuf-fered very much, without doing any thing 
 againft the Enemy, 
 
 This Party fell in with ScheneSlady, a fmall 
 Town which Corlaer ( a confiderable Man 
 among theZ)«/f^)" had then newly fettled. 
 When they appear'd near Schenectady they 
 were almoft kill'd with Cold and Hunger, 
 and the Indians^ who then were in that Village, 
 
 had 
 
 'At, 
 
had 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 23 
 
 had entirely finifhed their Ruin, if Corlaer^ 
 (in Compaffion of fellow Chrijlians) had not 
 contriv'd their efcape. He had a mighty In- 
 fluence over the Indians, and it is from him 
 that all the Governors of New-York are call'd 
 Corlaer by the Indians to this Day, tho' he 
 himfelf never was Governor. He perfwaded 
 the Indians that this was but a fmall Party of 
 the French Army, come to amufe them, that 
 the great Body was gone diredly towards their 
 Caflles, and that it was necefTary for them 
 immediately to go in Defence of their Wives 
 and Children : which they did. As foon as 
 the Indians were gone, he fent to the French, 
 and fupply'd them with Provifions to carry 
 them back. The French Governor, in order 
 to Reward fo fignal a Service, invited Corlaer 
 to Canada, and, no doubt, with defign to 
 make ufe of his Intereft with the Indians in 
 fome Projedl, in favour of the French Colony ; 
 but as he went through the Lake ( by the 
 French call'd Champlain) his Canoe was Over- 
 fet, and he drowned. From this Accident that 
 Lake has ever fince been call'd Corlaers Lake 
 by the People of New-York. 
 
 There is a Rock in this Lake, on which 
 the Waves dafh and fly up to a very great 
 height, when the Wind blows ftrong ; the 
 Indians fancy, that an Old Indian lives under 
 this Rock, who has the Power of the Winds, 
 
 and 
 
u: 
 
 24 Hijiory of the five Chap. II. 
 
 and therefore as they pafs this Rock in their 
 Voyages through this Lake, they always 
 throw a Pipe or fome 'Tobacco^ or fomething elfe 
 to this Old Indian , and pray a favourable 
 Wind, The Englijh that often pafs with them, 
 fometimes laugh at them ; but they are fure 
 to be told of Corlaers Death with a grave air. 
 Tour great Country-man Corlaer ( fay they) as 
 bepajfed by this Rock^jejledat our Fathers making 
 Prejents to this Old Indian, and in derifion turnd 
 up his Back-fide towards the Rocky but this Affront 
 cojl him his Life. 
 
 But the next Spring the Vice-Roy and the 
 Governor, with 28 Companies of Foot, and 
 all the Inhabitants of the Colony, marched 
 into the Country of the Mohawks, with a de- 
 fign to deftroy this Nation, which by the War 
 not only prevented their Commerce with other 
 Indians, but even prevented the Settlement of 
 the Colony. This certainly was a bold At- 
 tempt, to march thus above 250 Leagues 
 from Rebeck, through unknown Forrefts ; 
 but all they were able to do, was to burn fome 
 of their Villages, and to Murder fome Old 
 Men, that (like the Old Roman Senators) would 
 rather dye than defert their Houfes. 
 
 This Expedition, however, gave the Five 
 Nations Apprehenfions they had not before ; 
 for they never before that faw fo great a Num- 
 ber of Europeans^ whofe Fire-Arms were ex- 
 
 treamly 
 
 i 1' 
 
 w > 
 
 1 
 
Parti. Indian Nations. 25 
 
 treamly Terrible, and they therefore thought 
 proper to fen'i and beg a Peace, which was 
 concluded in 1667. 
 
 But they being naturally very Enter- 
 prizing and Haughty, a Party of the Five 
 Nations met with a Party of the French a hunt- 
 ing, and quarrelled with them. The French 
 Author does not inform us of the particu- 
 lars : But it feems the Indians had the Ad- 
 vantage, for they kill'd feveral of the French 
 and carried one Prifoner into their own 
 Country. Monf De Coutfel Cent to Threaten 
 the Five Nations with War, if they did not 
 deliver up thefe Murderers. 
 
 The Five Nations being at iihis time appre- 
 henfive of the French Power, fent Agariatc^^ the 
 Captain of the Company that did the Mifchief, 
 with forty others, to beg Peace ; but Mr. 
 Courjel was refolved to make an Example of 
 Agariata. He therefore ordered him to be 
 Hang'd, in the Prefence of his Country-men," 
 which kind of Death they having never feen 
 before, itftruck them with Terror, & the i'r^wf^, 
 think that this Severity was a great means of 
 preferving the Peace till the year 1683. 
 
 The Dutch having fettled New-York in 1609. 
 (which they call'd the New-Netherlands) they 
 enter'd into an Alliance with the Five Nations^ 
 which continued without any Breach on 
 either fide," and were frequently ufeful to the 
 
 D French^ 
 
 i 
 

 IW 
 
 '' . 1 
 
 •J 
 
 I 
 
 M 
 
 n 
 
 f 
 
 i i 
 
 ; .15 
 
 i i ' 
 
 26 Hijlory of the five Chap. II. 
 
 French, in faving the French that were Prifoners 
 from the Cruelty of the Indians^ as before ob- 
 ferved. 
 
 In 1 664. New-Tork was taken by the Englijhy 
 who immediately entred into an Alliance and 
 Friendfhip with the Five Nations, which has 
 continued without the leaft Breach to this Day. 
 Hiftory, I am afiaid, cannot inform us of an 
 Inftance of the Mojl Chrifiian or Moft Catholick 
 King Obferving a League fo ftridly, and for fo 
 long a time as thefe Barbarians have done. 
 
 Both the Englifli and French ( Peace being 
 every where fettled) endeavour to extend their 
 Commerce and Alliances among the Indians 
 which lie to the Westward oi New-York. The 
 French in their Meafures difcover'd a Defign 
 of Conquering and Commanding ; for Mr. 
 de Frontenac, who had fucceeded in the Go- 
 vernm-jnt of Canada in the Year 1672, per- 
 fwaded the Indians to allow him to build a 
 Fort at Cadarackuiy under the Notion of a 
 Store for Merchandize and fecurity for his 
 Traders, and under the fame pretence built 
 fmall Forts at fome other eonfiderable Pafles 
 far in the Country. 
 
 The Englijh and Dutch Profecuted their 
 Meafures only with the Arts of Peace, by 
 fending People among the Indians to gain their 
 AfFedions, and to perfwade them to come to 
 Albany to Trade ; but ev'n thefe honeft 
 
 Defigns 
 
 
 1 
 
Part I. Indian Nations, 27 
 
 Defigns met with Obftrudion, and had not 
 fo confiderable Succefs, by reafon of the War 
 with the Dutchy as otherwife they might have 
 had; for in the Year 1674. New-York being 
 Surpriz'd by the Dutcby and Reftor'd, the 
 alterations in Government and of Mafters, 
 obftrufted very much the defigns of gain- 
 ing the Indians. Their Trade was likewife 
 confiderably hindred by the War, which 
 the Five Nations had with the ( c ) River In- 
 dianSy which forced many of the River In- 
 dians to feek fhelter among the Utawawas^ 
 who fell under the French Government. 
 
 At laft the EngliJIiy Dutch and French ha- 
 ving made Peace in Europe, and the Gover- 
 nor of New-York likewife having obtain'd a 
 Peace between the Five Nations and Mahikan- 
 ders or River Indians, the Englijh and French 
 were at full liberty to profecute their de- 
 figns of extending their Commerce among 
 the Indians, which both did with very con- 
 fiderable fuccefs and advantage to the In- 
 habitants of their Colonies. 
 
 But this Juftice muft be done to the French, 
 that they far exceeded the Englijh in the da- 
 ring attempts of fome of their Inhabitants, 
 in travelling very lar among unknown /«- 
 
 D 1 dianSy 
 
 (c) The Indians living on the Banks of Hudjons River 
 within or near the English Settlements. 
 

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 28 Hilary of the five Chap. II. 
 
 dianSy difcovering new Countries, and every 
 where fpreading the Fame of the French 
 Name and Grandeur, by making themfelves 
 the Arbitrators in all difference between the 
 Indian Nations. The Sieur Perot deferves to 
 be remember'd, who pufhed his Difcoveries 
 as far as the Putewatemies and Indians living 
 round the farther Lakes, with the greateft 
 Fatigues and Danger. He acquired the Lan- 
 guages of many Nations, and brought them 
 to Canada to Trade, before the Peace was 
 made with the Five Nations. In the Year 1667 
 he accomparied the Officer that was fent to 
 the Fall of St. Mary, to take Poffeffion of 
 all that Country, in the name of the French 
 King, in the prefence of many of the Sachems 
 of the Nations that liv'd round the Lakes, 
 where there was an Alliance agree'd to with 
 the French" but (ev'n by the French Books) 
 no Subjedlion was Promifed. 
 
 In the Year 1697." Mr. De la Sale built a 
 Sloop or Bark of fixty Tons on Ohfwego Lake" 
 and provided her with great Guns. He car- 
 ried this Veffel as far as Miffilimackinack, and 
 there loaded her with Furrs and Skins, and 
 then went on the Difcovery of the Miftjftpi. 
 He only left five or fix French on board to 
 carry her back to Oniagara : But the Indians 
 entertain'd fuch a Jealoufy of this floating 
 Caftle, that they refolv'd fecretly to deftroy 
 
 1 
 
Chap. II. 
 
 and every 
 le French 
 hemfelves 
 :tween the 
 eferves to 
 'iTcoveries 
 Ills living 
 - greateS 
 the Lan- 
 ght them 
 'eace was 
 t'eari667 
 5 Tent to 
 eflion of 
 e French 
 Sachems 
 e Lakes, 
 to with 
 Books) 
 
 ? built a 
 oLake," 
 He car- 
 ick, and 
 tis, and 
 
 oard to 
 Indians 
 ioating 
 deftroy 
 
 it. 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 29 
 
 it, tho' they expreft nothing to Mr. De la 
 Sale, but Admiration of the extraordinary 
 Machine, and fcnt for all the Nations round 
 to come to fece it. When they were to- 
 gether they confulted how to furprize and 
 deftroy it ; and this defign they kept fo fe- 
 cret, not only before the Execution, that 
 Mr. De la Sale had no fufpicion of it, but 
 afterwards likewife, for it was long be- 
 fore it was known what bceame of this 
 Veflel. At firft they thought of killing all 
 the French among them, and throwing them- 
 felves on the Englijh for their Protection ; 
 but their Courage fail'd them. They thought 
 they might ad with more fecurity after Mr. 
 De la Sale and his Company fhould be gone 
 on their intendea Difcoveries. The French 
 having no fufpicion of their defigns, permit- 
 ted a Number of Indians to come on board 
 in a Bay where the Bark came to an Anchor, 
 in her return, and the Indians taking advan- 
 tage of their Nunbers, and the fecurity of 
 the French^ murder'd the Men and burnt the 
 VefTel." 
 
 The Courage and Refolution of thefe 
 Gentlemen ought to be taken Notice of, 
 for their Honour, notwithftanding that the 
 Engli/h fay, that the Barrennefs and Poverty 
 of Canada pufhes the Men of Spirit there 
 
 upon 
 
 

 .1 ' 
 
 M! 
 
 
 V i 
 
 30 Hijlory of the Jive Chap. III. 
 
 upon Enterpri'/es they would not attempt 
 if they liv'd in the Province of New-Tork. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 The Affairs of the Five Nations with the Neigh- 
 bouring F-nglifti Colonies. 
 
 'He Five Nations being now amply fup- 
 ply'd with Fire-Arms and Ammunition," 
 give full fwing to their War-like Genius, 
 and therefore refolv'd to Revenge the Affronts 
 they had at any time receiv'd from their 
 Neighbours. The ncareft Nations as they were 
 attaclct, commonly flying to thofe that were 
 further off, the Five Nations purfued This, to- 
 gether with a defire they had of Conquering 
 and of making all the Nations round them 
 their Tributaries, or to acknowledge the 
 Five Nations to be their M afters, made the 
 FiveNation over-run thegreateft partof A^(7r//{»- 
 America. They carried their Arms as far 
 South as Carolina^ and to the Northward of New- 
 England, and as far Weft as the River Mijiffipi, 
 over a vaft Country which extends 1 200 Miles 
 in Length, from North to South, and about 
 fix hundred Miles in Breadth, and entirely 
 Deftroyed many Nations that made Refift- 
 ance. 
 
 Thefe 
 
:hap. III. 
 
 attempt 
 'JO-York. 
 
 he Neigh- 
 
 ply fup- 
 inition," 
 Genius, 
 A-ffronts 
 ni their 
 ley were 
 lat were 
 ^his, to- 
 quering 
 d them 
 ge the 
 ide the 
 'North- 
 as far 
 fNew- 
 
 Miles 
 
 about 
 
 ntirely 
 
 Refift- 
 
 Thefe 
 
 .4- 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 31 
 
 Thefe War-like Expeditions often prov'd 
 Troublefom to the Colonies of Virginia and 
 Maryland; for not only the Indians who were 
 Friends to thofe Colonies, became Vidims to 
 the Fury of the Five Nations, but the Cbrijiian 
 Inhabitants likewife were involv'd often in the 
 fame Calamity. 
 
 For this reafon about the year 1677. the 
 Government of Maryland fent Coll. Courjey to 
 Albany to make a League of Friendfhip be- 
 tween Virginia and Maryland on the one part, 
 and the Five Nations on the other ;*" but this 
 League was soon fhaken by fome Parties of 
 the Oneydoes, Onondagas and Sennekas , who 
 were out when this Covenant was made, and 
 were ignorant of it. One of thefe Parties 
 met with the Sufrjuehana Indians,*' who were in 
 Friendfliip with Maryland, and fell upon them, 
 kill'd four, and took fix Prifoners. Five of 
 thefe Prifoners fell to the fliare of the Sennekas, 
 who, as foon as they arriv'd in their Country, 
 fent them back with Prefents, to fhew that they 
 kept to their League with Maryland; but the 
 Oneydoes detain'd the Prifoner they had. 
 
 Another Party that went againft the 
 CanageJJe Indians (Friends of Virginia) were 
 furprized by a Troop of Virginia Horfe, who 
 kill'd one Man and took a Woman Prifoner. 
 The Indians in Revenge kill'd four of the 
 
 Inhabi- 
 
 i 
 
i 
 
 
 3 2 Hijiory cf the five Chap. III. 
 
 Inhabitants, and carried away their Scalps, 
 with fix Chrijlian Prifoners." 
 
 T\\& Mobaix-ks ^W this while kept themfelves 
 ftridlly to their League, and fuffercd none of 
 their Indians to go towards Virginia and 
 Maryland. 
 
 There is reafon to think that the Dutch, who 
 lived at Schene^ady at that time, fpirited up the 
 /«^/V7«jagainft the £«f ///?/; For the Commander 
 at Albany hearing that the Five Nations, (the 
 Oneydoes efpecially) were in an Alarm from 
 fome Jealoufy that they had entertain'd of the 
 Englijli at New-Tork Cent Arnout and Daniel, two 
 Interpreters of the Indian Language, to per- 
 fwade them to come to Albany, in order to be 
 aflured of the Engli/fi Friendfhip, and to have 
 their Jealoufy remov'd. Which the Interpreters 
 having happily brought to pafs, Swerijfe, one of 
 the chief Men or Sachims of the Oneydoes ex- 
 cus'd his Country-men at\Albany,tht 1 5th of Fe- 
 bruary 1678,9. as follows, 
 
 ''Father Corlaer ; 
 
 "TT'TT'E are now come to fpea kto you of 
 ^* ^ ^ fome ftrange Occurences that have 
 ** lately happened. 
 
 ** Laft Harveft one of our Indians, call'd, 
 " Treuhtanendo , went to Schene^Jady to buy 
 "goods; he was told of the Mifchief we had 
 
 " done 
 
 in 
 
 j 1 
 
i 
 
 iU'd, 
 
 buy 
 had 
 one 
 
 •X 
 
 % 
 
 I 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 33 
 
 done in Virginia ; To which the People of 
 Schenetfady added, That the Englijh of this 
 Government were very Anui;rv, and that 
 they would kill us. 
 
 "Soon afterwanls another of our Indians, 
 call'd, Jciagoumva, went to Schcnitfady, in 
 his way to Albany \ He was told by the 
 People there, I'hat if he went forward to 
 Albany he might (inu; to Morrow, for the 
 English there wouKl bind and kill him ; 
 Whereupon he and another Indian immeiii- 
 ately returned, and brought this Report to 
 to our Caftle at Oneido. 
 " But we now fee the Governors good heart, 
 notwithftanding of all this bad News. 
 *' At laft the People of .SV/'c'«t'^A/</v told five 
 of our Indians, who intended for .llbany, 
 That if they went forward they woulil all 
 be Dead Men ; upon which one run im- 
 mediately back, but the other four went 
 forward. I'his Man, (who is called Oun- 
 wahrarihta) told us, That the other four 
 Men were taken by the English, ant! that two 
 or three hundred Men were upon their way 
 to fight us. Upon hearing of this, I ac- 
 knowledge, that though I, Sweri/fe, be a 
 Sachem, J left the Affair wholly to our 
 Soldiers, feeing that they were Soldiers 
 who came againft us; Whereupon our Men 
 immediately Refolv'd to Fortifie the Caftle. 
 
 E " While 
 
 i 
 
 « 
 
II 
 
 * 
 
 •^4 Hijiory of the five Chap. III. 
 
 " While this was doing the War-Shout was 
 *' raifcd. Our Men call'd out, 'That Horfe-men 
 ' ' came n^ainjl us ; Now we Jhall be put to it. 
 " Thefe j.rov'd to be the two Interpreters, 
 "who being receiv'd into the Caftle, our 
 " young Soldiers, whofe Spirits had been ve- 
 '* hcmcntly raifed, run round them with their 
 " Hatchets in their hands, threatning to kill 
 " them. Hut I, Swerijfe^ did what I could to 
 " pacifie our Men, and told the MefTengers, 
 " '•That we would hear them to Morrow. 
 
 " Father Corlaer ; We defire that your Anger 
 " may be ap))eared, and that your Mind may 
 " be quieted. We give no credit to the 
 " dories which our Indians brought us from 
 '* Schene^?ady, and we fhall not believe any 
 
 fuch Stories for the future Seeing all of us 
 
 o the Weftward, ev'n from New-Tork to the 
 " Sennekas, are under one Government, Why 
 " is Schene^ady the only bad plac ? for We 
 '* hold firmly to the Old Covenant. 
 
 Then he gave a Belt of Wampum {d) 
 
 He 
 
 ( ,/) ffiimpum is the current Money among the Indians, 
 it is made of the large Whelk Shell (Brucinum) and shaped 
 like long Beads. With this, put upon llrings, they make 
 thcic Belts, which they give in all their Treaties, as figns of 
 CDnfirmation , to remain with the other Party. The 
 Wampum is of two forts, viz. White and Bltuk ; the Black 
 is the rarell, and moll valuable. By a regular mixing of 
 
 the 
 
hap. III. 
 
 (hout was 
 Horfe-men 
 put to it. 
 Tpreters, 
 iftle, our 
 been ve- 
 fith their 
 g to kill 
 could to 
 jflengers, 
 y. 
 
 ur Anger 
 ind may 
 t to the 
 us from 
 eve any 
 all of us 
 rk to the 
 It, Why 
 for We 
 
 id) 
 He 
 
 e Indian], 
 nd shaped 
 hey make 
 as figns of 
 y. The 
 the Black 
 mixing of 
 the 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 2S 
 
 He in the next place gave an account of 
 what had happened in Virginia, And then 
 faid, 
 *• Father Corlaer ; 
 ** Have Pity on our Indian Prifoners, as 
 ** We have had on thefe Prifoners (viz. A 
 Woman and her t^.vo Children) "which we 
 "now deliver to you, nctwithftanding that 
 *' they have been giv'n away, according to 
 "ourCuftom. We pray therefore his H o- 
 ** nour to take Pity on our People that are 
 ** Prifoners, efpecially on the Indian Woman, 
 "his Kins- Woman, whom he hath adopted as 
 "a Grand-Child. Let then be Releafed, if 
 •'alive, otherwife give us fome of the Cana- 
 ^\(ioga Indians in their room. As to the other 
 " three Chriftian Prifoners, the Woman and 
 " her two Children that are yet with us, We 
 "defirefirft to have our Indians Reftored, 
 " or others in their room, before they be De- 
 " livered. 
 
 the Black and White they dillinguish their Belts with va- 
 rious Figures, which they often luit to the Occalion of 
 making ufe of them. Wompum\% called Zewant by the 
 Dutch in this Province. 
 
 E 2 
 
 Governor 
 
, a 
 
 j6 Hi/lory of the five Chap. III. 
 
 Governor Androfs^ being acquainted hy 
 Letter with this laft rropofal of the Oucydoes^ 
 required the immediate Delivery of the Chri- 
 ftian Prifoners, and promifed to write to 
 Virginia to have the Indian IVi Toners faved. 
 Some prefents heing given to to tlie (JneydoeSy 
 they anfwered, 
 
 " We Thank the (Governor for his good 
 
 * Inclination and Affcdion. Our Heart is 
 ' G['H)d, and we fee his Heart is I'kewife good ; 
 'if it was otherwife we could not live: We 
 ' thank theCiovernor tor the I'refent now giv'n 
 'us: It is his wellcome from England. 
 
 *' Father Coriavr, We are y'>ur Children^ 
 'and the Mohawks, your Brethren, are like- 
 ' wife our Fathers. We rejoyce becaufe your 
 
 * Heartsare good. Since the (iovernor is 
 ' not fatisHed with thefe three l^rifoners, we 
 'have now unanimouHy Rcfolvcd to bring 
 'the other three which are ftill with us, as 
 ' foon as polfible ; but the Rivers are now fo 
 
 * full of Water,that we cannot bring them this 
 ' Moon, but the next Moon, I, Siverijfe, pro- 
 ' mife to come with them. 
 
 ** We obey the Governor's Orders, that 
 
 * we may not be afhamed, and therefore We 
 ' Releafe all the Prifoners. We hope the 
 'Governor will likewife ad fo as he need 
 ' not be tfhamed. 
 
 " We do not now fay, that we will fee our 
 
 Prifoners 
 
 I i 
 
 \ 
 
Chap. III. 
 
 .'liiUal hy 
 : OucydoeSy 
 "the Chri- 
 vvrirc to 
 crs Hived. 
 : OncydoeSy 
 
 his good 
 
 Heart is 
 
 ifc good ; 
 
 ive: We 
 
 nowgiv'n 
 
 Children^ 
 are like- 
 uife your 
 'ernor is 
 )ners, we 
 to bring 
 :h us, as 
 e now fo 
 hem this 
 •iJTe, pro- 
 
 :rs, that 
 fore We 
 hope the 
 lie need 
 
 fee our 
 'nibners 
 
 Part II. Indian Nations. 37 
 
 " Prifoners before we deliver the other Chri- 
 " ftians, but refer this Affair wholly to the 
 "Governor's Wifdom, which, we hope, will 
 "tend to our good and continued Wellfair. 
 ** And fay again, That we will bring the three 
 " Chriftian Prifoners by the firft opportunity 
 '* of fair Weather. 
 
 " We likewife make known to our Father 
 *• Corlaer^ That in our Fury and Anger (after 
 " the l*eople of the South had fallen upon us) 
 " We took thefe fix Prifoners, and afterwards 
 *' four Scalps were brought by our People, 
 '* and no more. 
 
 ■ W^e fpeak as Oneydoes^ for our felves. If 
 ** the Sujquehana or Delaware Indians have 
 "done any Mifchief, let not that be impu- 
 " ted to us. 
 
 " Eight of our People are now out againft 
 " the ChriJlianSy of which we told Aernoiit 
 " and Drt«/>/ when they were at our Caftle. 
 " They know nothing of what we have 
 " now agree'd to, and therefore if they (hould 
 " happen to do any harm, let it be pafled 
 " by, for they are entirely Ignorant of the 
 " Governor's Orders. If they fhall do any 
 " thing, we (hall not keep it fecret. If any 
 " of the Christian Prifoners fhall dye before 
 " we bring them, we fhould be forry ; yet 
 " they are Mortal." 
 
 Accordingly in May following the Oneydoes 
 
 brought 
 
 
 \1 
 
38 Utjiory of the five Chap. III. 
 
 brought the other three Frifoners to Albany. 
 And on the 24th of that Month ^Vwt'r/^t? made 
 the following Speech, when he deliver'd 
 tlieni to the Commander at Albany^ and the 
 Commiirioners for Indian Affairs. 
 
 ** Br ether en ; 
 
 'TTTtK are come to this place with much 
 ' ^ ^ Trouble, as we did laft Winter, 
 ' a;id renew the Requcft we then made, that 
 ' {\\ Indians be delivered to us in the room of 
 ' the fix Chrijlians, in cafe thofe of our People 
 ' who are Frifoners in l^irginia be dead. None 
 ' of our Indians have gone out againft the 
 ' En^lijh fince we were laft here ; but we have 
 
 * told vou that fome of ours were then out,who 
 ' were ignorant of the Governor's Orders, 
 ' and we defired that if they happen'd to 
 
 * do any harm, it might not be ill taken. Now 
 ' thirteen of our Feople who went againft 
 ' our Indian Knemies, met with eighteen 
 ' Englijh on Horfeback, as far from any of 
 'the Englijh Plantations as Cahnuaga ( ^ ) is 
 
 * from Albany. They fir'd upon our Peo- 
 ' pie ; ours being Soldiers, return'd their 
 ' Fire and kill'd two Men and two Horfes, 
 ' and brought away their Scalps. 
 
 " It would be convenient that the Gover- 
 
 (( 
 
 nor 
 
 (e) The firll Mokazvk Callle. 
 
1 
 
 ip. III. 
 
 Albany, 
 ije made 
 eliver'd 
 and the 
 
 fi much 
 
 Winter, 
 
 de, that 
 
 room of 
 
 People 
 
 . None 
 
 nft the 
 
 we have 
 
 jutjwho 
 
 Orders, 
 
 en'd to 
 
 1. Now 
 
 again ft 
 
 ighteen 
 
 any of 
 
 (O is 
 
 r Peo- 
 
 d their 
 
 -lorfes, 
 
 Gover- 
 " nor 
 
 I 
 
 k 
 
 4 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 39 
 
 *• nor acquaint the People of Virginia, not to 
 *' fend their Men fo far ibroad, for if they 
 " (hould happen to meet our Parties in their 
 *' way againit our Enemies, the Cei/.>fiowaSy" 
 *' whom the Engiijh call Aro^ijli^ dangerous 
 *' Confequences might follow. 
 
 "We have now fuhmitted to the Gover- 
 ** nor's Order, in bringing the three other 
 '* Chriftian Prifoners. When we were here 
 " laft Winter, we left the Affair of our Pri- 
 " foners wholy to the Governor, and pro- 
 *' mifed to bring the three Chriftian Prifo- 
 " ners that remain'd with us. This we have 
 " now perform'd : But where are our Prifo- 
 " ners, or if they be dead, the others in 
 " their room, tho' it be already fo late in 
 "the Spring: However, we ftill refer this 
 '* to the Governor. 
 
 (Then taking the Chrijiian Girl, who was 
 a Prifoner, by the hand, faid) " This Girl 
 " was deliver'd to an Indian Squa ( e ) here 
 " prefent, who's Brother then was kill'd. 
 " If we had been full of Wrath, and not 
 "afraid of further Inconveniencies, we would 
 " have burnt her. 
 
 (Taking the Boy, another of the three, by 
 the hand, faid) " This Boy was giv'n to an 
 '■'■Indian here prefent, but he is now free. 
 
 "We 
 
 (/) A Woman. 
 
 ..j*-'^-' 
 
;ii 
 
 i!''i 
 
 I 
 
 '. t 
 
 I 
 
 40 Hijiory of the five Chap. III. 
 
 " We have now perform'd our Promifes, 
 "aiul are not afliamed. We hope CorlaeVy 
 " who Governs the *vhole Country, will 
 " likewife do that of which he necdeth not 
 ** be aihamed. 
 
 " Corlaer governs the whole Land, from 
 " New-7'ork to Albany^ and from thence to 
 "the Scnnekas Land; We who are his Sub- 
 "jei^s fhall faithfully keep the Covenant 
 " Chain : Let him perform his Promife, as 
 "we have perform'd ours, that the Covenant 
 *' Chain be not broken on his fide, who go- 
 *' verns the whole Country. 
 
 " Corlaers Limits, as we have faid, ft retch 
 " fo far ev'n to "Jacob my Friend, or Jacob 
 " Toiin^, and we have heard that Cor I er is 
 " in good Correfpondcnce with I'ir^inia and 
 ^^ Maryland; Why is it then that our Peo- 
 " pie, who are Prifoners, are not reftored ? 
 " Let what we now fay be well obferved, 
 " for we have obferved the Governor's Or- 
 " ders. 
 
 Laftly (taking the Woman Prifoner by 
 the hand, faid) " This Woman was given 
 '* to that Indian, {pointings) but is now free, 
 "being the fixth. If thofe of our People 
 " who are Prifoners be Dead, let us have fix 
 ^'■Indians in their room. It is not by my Au- 
 " thority that thefe Prifoners have been re- 
 " leafed, but by the good Will of them to 
 
 " whom 
 
 !! 
 
%',-. 
 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 41 
 
 "whom they were given. 
 
 " Our Si)liliers are to go out agaiiift the 
 " Dewa^unhas, let us liave Ammunition cheap." 
 
 Then the CommilUoners gave tl.em I'refents 
 for their kind Ufage of the Prifoners. 
 
 After which Sweri/Je rtooti up and faid, 
 " Let Cof/twr tais.e tare that the Indian Sqiia 
 "that is wanting come again, and for thofe 
 "that are kiiled, others in their room. If 
 " Corlacr will not hearken to us in this Affair, 
 "we fliall not hereafter hearken to him in 
 
 any. 
 
 They hearing afterwards that thefe laft 
 words were ill taken, Sweri/fe, Jchonon^cra and 
 Kanoh^ua^t\ three of the chief Oncydo Sachems 
 excufed it, faying, " What we faid of not 
 " hearkening any more to Corlacr^ was not 
 " from the heart, but only by way of Dif- 
 " courfe, to make Corlacr more careful to 
 " releafe our People that are Prifoners ; for 
 "it was faid after your Anfwer, and without 
 " laying down either Bever or any Belt or 
 " Wampum, as we always do when we make 
 " (^)Propofitions ; Therefore we defire that 
 
 ^1 
 
 (,if ) The word Propojition has been always ulcd by the 
 Coinmiilioncrs for Indian Affairs at Albitny, to fignifie Pro- 
 pofals or Articles, in the Treaties or Agreements made 
 with the Indiiim, 
 
 F "if 
 
i 1 1 
 
 4 It 
 
 t ■ 
 
 42 Hijiory of the five Chap. III. 
 
 " if it be noted, it may be blotted out, and 
 "not made known to Corlaer \ for we hold 
 "firmly to our Covenant, as we faid in our 
 " Propofitions. 
 
 They at the fame time told. That the Sin- 
 nondowans ( h ) came to them with eight Belts, 
 defiring that they fliould no longer profecute 
 the War with Virginia, or Virginia Indians, but 
 to go with them to War againft the Dowa- 
 ganlias, (/) a Nation lying to the North-weft 
 ward ; and that the Sennekas did defire them 
 to fet thefe Chrijlians at Liberty, and to car- 
 ry them to Albany. AH which they faid 
 they promifed to do. 
 
 The Five Nations continuing ftill to be 
 troublefome to Virginia, that Government, in 
 September following, fent Col. JVilliam Kendall 
 and Col. Soutbley Littleton to Albany, to Re- 
 new and Confirm the League between Vir- 
 ginia and the Five Nations. Col. Littleton dy'd 
 at Albany before the Indians arriv'd. Col. 
 Kendall fpoke to the Oneydoes, as follows. 
 
 (h) A Callle of the Sennekas, from whence the French 
 call all the Sennekas, Tfonontouan. 
 
 (/) Comprehended under the General name ot" IJta- 
 wawas. 
 
 The 
 
Part I. 
 
 Indian Nations. 
 
 43 
 
 The Propojitions of Col. Wi\\ia.m Kendall and Co/. 
 Southley Littleton Commijfioners Jent by the 
 Governor^ Council and Burge/fes of Virginia, 
 at a Grand AJfembly held in James-City. 
 
 **T7"T7'E are come from Virginia^ being, 
 " ''^ as all thefe Countries are, under 
 
 " the Great King Charles, to fpeak to 
 "you upon Occafion of fome of yours ha- 
 " ving entred our Houfes, taken away and 
 "deftroy'd our Goods and People, and 
 "brought fome of our Women and Chil- 
 " dren Captives into your Caftles, contrary 
 "to your Faith and Promife. It is alfo a 
 " Breach of the Peace made with Col, Cour- 
 ''^Jejy without any Provocation or Injury in 
 " the leaft done by us, or difturbing you in 
 "your Hunting, Trade, or PaiTing, until you 
 " were found taking our Corn out of our 
 " Fields, and plundering and burning our 
 "Houfes. 
 
 " Tho' your Adions already done are fuf- 
 " ficient Reafons to enduce us to a violent 
 "War againft you, which might engage all 
 "our Confederate Engli/h Neighbours, Sub- 
 " jedls to our great King Charles ; yet through 
 " the great Refpeft we have to and the Per- 
 " fwafions of the Governor here, whom we 
 "find your great Friend, and the Informa- 
 tion 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 

 •I i 
 
 1 ,. 
 
 1 
 
 ■1 
 
 1 
 
 ■■ 1 
 
 l| 
 
 ■ ■■■ 
 
 
 1 
 
 1' 
 
 1 -1 
 
 
 ii : 
 
 
 44 Hijiory of the Jive Chap. III. 
 
 tion that he has given us, that you have 
 quietly and peaceably deliver'd to him 
 tne Prifoners you had taken from us, who 
 are alfo returned fafely into our Country, 
 and your Excufing the fame, and Inclina- 
 tion to continue Peaceable, without Inju- 
 ring us for the future. We are therefore 
 willing, and have, and do forgive all the 
 Damages which you have done our Peo- 
 ple, tho' very great, Provided neither you 
 nor any living among you, for the future, 
 do not offend or moleft our People or In- 
 dians living amongft us. 
 '* And we do acquaint you, that we have 
 a Law in our Country, that all Indians 
 coming near Chrijiians muft (land ftill, and 
 lay down their Arms, as a token of their 
 being Friends, or otherwife are taken and 
 lookt upon or deftroyed as Enemies. 
 Therefore defire you will take notice 
 thereof accordingly, for we have many of 
 our People in the Woods abroad every 
 way. 
 
 He fpoke to the Mohawks^ and the other 
 Nations feperately from the Oneydoes^ becaufe 
 the other Nations were fuppofed not to 
 have done any Mifchief 
 
 " We are come here from Virginia upon 
 •* occafion of fome of your Neighbours do- 
 *' ing of Mifchief or Harm in our Country, 
 
 " which 
 
 || I 
 
'hap. III. 
 
 you have 
 to him 
 1 us, who 
 Country, 
 i Inclina- 
 Dut Inju- 
 therefore 
 e all the 
 our Peo- 
 ither you 
 le future, 
 )le or In- 
 
 we have 
 
 1 Indians 
 
 ftill, and 
 
 of their 
 iken and 
 Enemies, 
 e notice 
 many of 
 ad every 
 
 :he other 
 
 ', becaufe 
 
 not to 
 
 lia upon 
 ours do- 
 Country, 
 "which 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 45 
 
 "which upon the Interpofition and Perfwa- 
 ** fion of the Governour here, we have who- 
 "ly pafled by and forgiven. And being 
 *' inform'd, that you are not concern'd there- 
 "in, but difowning fuch Adions, we did 
 "defire to fee you, and to let you know 
 *' that continuing the like good peaceable 
 " Neighbourhood, you fhall find us the fame, 
 •*and willing to do you Friendfhip at all 
 ** times, but we muft acquaint you, that we 
 "have a Law, ^c" (repeating the fame 
 words which he fpoke to the Oneydoes on 
 that fubjed.) 
 
 On the Twentyfifth, he thought it necef- 
 fary to repeat this laft Speech to the Mohawks 
 by themfelves, who after they had receiv'd 
 fome Prefents, anfwered on the Twentyfixth 
 before Noon, 
 
 "'X/^T/'E are glad to fee you here, and to 
 " fpeak with you in this place, where 
 
 " we never faw you before. We underftood 
 " your Propofitions ; We thank you for your 
 " Prefents and fhall give you an Anfwer Aftex-- 
 " noon. 
 
 In the Afternoon they/aid^ 
 '' Bretheren ; 
 " You have had no fmall trouble to come 
 " hither from Virginia, for it is a long Journey. 
 " We are at your requeft, and with our Go- 
 
 " vernors 
 
 m 
 
111!' 
 
 H Si I ! ;i 
 
 !!! 
 
 1: t I 
 
 46 Hijiory of the five Chap. III. 
 
 " vernors Confent, come to meet you in this 
 ** Houfe, which is appointed for our Treaties, 
 ** to hear you fpeak, and to give you an An 
 " fwer. But before we give an Anfwer, we 
 "make the appointed Houfe clean by giving 
 "this {k) Fathom of Wampum. 
 
 " We juft now faid, thatyour long Journey 
 
 * muft have not been without much Fatigue, 
 
 * efpecially to you who are an Old Man. I am 
 
 * old likewife, and therefore I give you this 
 ' Fathom of Wampum to mitigate your pain. 
 
 ** In the Beginning of your Speech you tell 
 
 * us of the League or Covenant made with 
 
 * Coll. Courfey. We remember it very well, 
 
 * that it was made in our Governors Prefence. 
 
 * We have kept it hitherto, and are refolv'd 
 •to keep it Inviolably. We are glad to fee 
 'you here, to renew this Covenant. You do 
 
 * better than the People of the Eajl^ ( New- 
 
 * England) who made a Covenant at the fame 
 
 * time ; for we have feen none of them fince, 
 ' to renew and keep up the Remembrance of 
 
 * it.' Then they gave a Fathom of Wampum. 
 
 " We have faid what we have to fay, as to 
 *' the Covenant made with Coll. Courfey. You 
 
 " defire 
 
 (/J) A Fathom of Wampum is a fingle firing of Wam- 
 pum of that length, it is of lefs value than the Belts, and 
 thereforegivenin Matters of fmaller Confequence ; and by 
 cleaning the Houfe, they mean putting away Hypocrefy 
 and Deceit. 
 
'hap. III. 
 
 )u in this 
 Treaties, 
 I an An 
 nfwer, we 
 3y giving 
 
 ; Journey 
 
 Fatigue, 
 
 in. lam 
 
 you this 
 
 our pain. 
 
 h you tell 
 
 lade with 
 
 ery well, 
 
 Prefence. 
 
 I refolv'd 
 
 id to fee 
 
 You do 
 
 ^ {New- 
 
 the fame 
 
 em fince, 
 
 trance of 
 
 /^ampum. 
 
 ay, as to 
 
 ?jy. You 
 
 "defire 
 
 ig of Ifam- 
 ■ Belts, and 
 ice ; and by 
 ' Hypocre/y 
 
 Part I. Indian Nation' 47 
 
 "defire us likewife to continue our good 
 *' Neighbourhood. This we not only pro- 
 *' mife to do, but likewife to keep the (/) 
 ** Chain, which cannot be broken, clean and 
 " bright, and therefore we defire you to do 
 " the fame.' Then gave a Belt of Wampum 
 twelve deep. 
 
 "We are glad that by the Interpofition 
 "and Perfwafion of our Governor, the 
 " Mifcheif which our Neighbours did in your 
 "Country is pafTed over, and now wholly 
 "forgiven. Let it be buried in Oblivion; 
 " for if any mifchief fhould befal them 
 " (feeing we make but one body with them,) 
 "we muft have partaken with them. We 
 "approve of your Law, to lay down our 
 "Arms as a token of Friendrfiip, and we 
 "Ihill do fo for the future.' Then gave a 
 Belt fourteen deep. 
 
 " We were told before we heard your 
 " Propofitions, that one of the Agents from 
 " Virginia was Dead. We lament and bewail 
 "his Death, but admire that nothing was 
 " laid down, according to our Cuftom, when 
 " the Death of fuch a Perfon was fignified to 
 "us. We give you this Belt of Black 
 "Wampum (thirteen deep) to wipe away 
 " your Tears. The 
 
 
 (/) The Indian' always cxprefs a League by a Chain 
 by which two or more things are kept fall together. 
 
: \^.i 
 
 
 U 
 
 48 Hilary of the five Chap. III. 
 
 The Onnondagas did not come till November^ 
 on the 5th of which Month the Virginia Agent 
 fpoke to them in the fame words he had done 
 to the Oneydoes. None of their Anfwers 
 appear upon the Regifters, except the Mo- 
 hawks, which we have given. It is certain that 
 the Onnondagas and Oneydoes did notobfervethe 
 Peace with Virginia, but molefted them with 
 the reiterated Incurfions of their Parties. It 
 is obfervable however, that thefe two Nations 
 and the Cayugas only, had received French 
 Priejis among them, and that none of the 
 reft who were not under the Influence of thofe 
 Priefts, ever molefted the Englijh ; for which 
 reafon Coll. Dongan, tho' a Papijl, complained 
 of the ill Offices the Priefts did to the Englijh 
 Intereft, and forbid the Five Nations to enter- 
 tain any of them, tho' the Englijh and French 
 Crowns, while he was Governor of New- 
 Torky in King James's Reign, feem'd to be 
 more than ever in ftridl Friendftiip." 
 
 The French could have no hopes of per- 
 fwading the Indians to hurt any of the In- 
 habitants oi New-Torkyhut thev were in hopes, 
 that by the Indian Parties doing frequently 
 Mifchief in Virginia, the Government of Neiv- 
 Tork would be forced to joyn in refenting 
 the Injury, and thereby that Union between 
 the Government of New-Tork and the Five 
 Nations would be broke, which always ob- 
 
 ftrudted 
 
 \ I! 
 
lap. III. 
 
 'ovember^ 
 ia Agent 
 lad done 
 Anfwers 
 the Mo- 
 tain that 
 fervethe 
 zm. with 
 ties. It 
 Nations 
 French 
 I of the 
 of thofe 
 »r which 
 ipiained 
 z Englijh 
 o enter- 
 i French 
 f New- 
 d to be 
 
 of per- 
 the In- 
 n hopes, 
 quently 
 )f New- 
 efenting 
 between 
 he Five 
 ays ob- 
 ftrudted 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 49 
 
 ftrudled and often defeated the Defigns of the 
 French^ to fubje<9: all North- America to the 
 Crown of France. For this reafon the Go- 
 vernors of New-Tork have always, with the 
 greateft Caution, avoided a Breach with thefe 
 Nations, on account of the little Differences 
 they had with the Neighbouring Colonys." 
 Thefe new Incurfions of these two Nati- 
 ons were fo troublefome to the People of 
 Virginia^ that their Governor, the Lord Ho- 
 ward of Effingham^ thought it neceflary for 
 their Security, to undertake a Voyage to New- 
 York. 
 
 The Sachems of the Five Nations being 
 call'd to Albany^ his Lordfhip met there 
 eight Mohawk^ three Oneydoe^ three Onnon- 
 daga and three Cayuga Sachems, and on the 
 Thirtieth of July^ 1684. being accompa- 
 nied with two of the Council of Virginia^ 
 he fpoke to them as follows, in the prefence 
 of Col. Thomas Dongan, Governor of New- 
 Torky two of the Council of New-Tork, and 
 the Magiftrates oi Albany. The Sennekas liv- 
 ing far off were not then arriv'd. 
 
 Propojitions 
 
 m 
 
 * 
 
I' " 
 
 i 
 
 
 il 
 
 :\\''.> 
 
 1' 
 
 hi 
 
 : 
 
 'Mill: 
 
 i! 
 
 H i 
 
 •I : , ■? r i '■ 
 
 50 '-fifiory of the five Chap. III. 
 
 PropOj Ions made by the Right Honourable Francis 
 Lord Howard of Effingham, Governor Gene- 
 ral of His Majejlys Dominion 0/ Virginia, 
 
 To the Mohawks, Oneydoes, Onnonda- 
 gas and Cayugas. 
 
 TT is now about feven years ago fince 
 ■*■ you (unprovok'd) came into Virginia, a 
 Country belonging to the Great King of 
 England, and committed feveral Murders 
 and Robberys, carrying away our Chrijlian 
 Women and Children Prifoners into your 
 Caftles. All which Injurys we defigned 
 to have Revenged on you ; but at the de- 
 fire of Sir Edmond Androfs, then Governor 
 General of this Country, we defifted from 
 deftroying you, and fent our Agents Col. 
 William Kendall and Col. Southley Littleton, to 
 Confirm and make fure the Peace that Col. 
 Courjey of Maryland included us in, when 
 firft he Treated with yen. We find, that 
 as you quickly forgot what you promised 
 Col. Courjey, fo you have willfully broke 
 the Covenant Chain, which you promifed 
 our Agent, Col. Kendall, (hould be moft 
 ftrong and bright, if we of Virginia, would 
 bury in the Pit of Oblivion, the Injurys 
 you had then done us, which upon your 
 Governor AndroJs% Interceffion, and your 
 
 " Sub- 
 
Part I. Indian Nations. 51 
 
 Submifllon, we were willing to forget ; 
 But you not at all minding the Covenant 
 then made, have every year fince, come into 
 our Country, in a War-like manner, under 
 pretence of Fighting with our Indians^ our 
 Friends and Neighbours, which you ought 
 not to have done, o"r Agent having enclu- 
 ded them likewife in the Peace. You not 
 only deftroyed and took many of them 
 Prifoners, but you have alfo kill'd and 
 burnt our Chriftian People^ deftroying our 
 Corn and Tobacco, more than you made ufe 
 of, killing our Horfes, Hogs and Cattle, 
 not to eat, but let them ly in the Woods 
 and ftink. This you did, when you were 
 not denyed anything you faid you want- 
 ed. 
 
 ** I muft alfo ttll you that under the pre- 
 tence of Friendship, you have come to our 
 Houfes at the heads of our Rivers (where 
 they have been fortified) with a white Sheet 
 on a Pole, and have laid down your Guns 
 before the Fort, upon which our People 
 taking you to be Friends, have admitted 
 your great Men into their Forts, and have 
 given them • eat and Drink, what they 
 defired. After the great Men had refrefhed 
 themfelves, and defiring to return, as they 
 were let out of the Fort Gates, the young 
 Men rufhed into the Fort and plunder'd the 
 
 2 "Houfe, 
 
 ;f fl 
 
 VJ 
 
\ 
 
 I It 
 
 it :i 
 
 $2 Hijiory of the five Chap. III. 
 
 Houfe, taking away and deftroying all the 
 Corn, Tobacco, Bedding, and what elfe 
 was in the Houfe. When they went away, 
 they took feveral Sheep with them, and 
 kill'd feveral Cows big with Calf, and left 
 them behind them, cut to pieces and flung 
 about, as if it were in Defiance of the Peace, 
 and deftroying of our Friendfhip. 
 " Thefe, and many more Injurys that you 
 have done us, have caufed me to raife 
 Forces, to fend to the heads of our Rivers 
 to defend our People from your Outrages, 
 till I c2iVCi^\.o New-York to QoVThomasDongan^ 
 your Governor General, to defire him, as 
 we are all one Kings Subjeds, to aflift me 
 in Warring againft you, to Revenge the 
 Cbrijiian Blood that you have ftied, and to 
 make you give full Satisfacflion for all the 
 goods that you deftroyed. But by the 
 Mediation of your Governor, I am now 
 come to Albany to fpeak with you, and to 
 know the reafon of your breaking the Cove- 
 nant Chain, not only with us and our neigh- 
 bour Indians but with Maryland^ who are 
 great KingC/6<zr/^j's Subjeds; (or our Indians 
 have giv'n great King Charles their Land. 
 Therefore 1, the Governor of Virginia^ will 
 prote(5l them, as your Governor under the 
 Great Duke of Tork and Albany\ will hence- 
 forth you, when the Chain of Friendfhip is 
 made between us all. " Now 
 
 ■d 
 
 5; 
 
Chap. III. 
 
 ing all the 
 what elfe 
 vent away, 
 hem, and 
 \ and left 
 and flung 
 the Peace, 
 
 > that you 
 
 : to raife 
 
 ur Rivers 
 
 Outrages, 
 
 asDongariy 
 
 I him, as 
 
 aflift me 
 
 ^enge the 
 
 d, and to 
 
 ar all the 
 
 t by the 
 
 am now 
 
 u, and to 
 
 he Cove- 
 
 ur neigh- 
 
 who are 
 
 \v Indians 
 
 ir Land. 
 
 inia^ will 
 
 nder the 
 
 1 hence- 
 
 idfhip is 
 
 " Now 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. ^;^ 
 
 '* Now that I have let you know that I am 
 'fenfihle of all the Injurys that you have 
 ' done us, by the defire of your noble Go- 
 
 * vernor General, I am willing to make a new 
 
 * Chain v/ith you for I'^irginia, Maryland^ and 
 
 * our Indians^ that may be more ftrong and 
 ' lading, even to the World's end, fo that 
 
 * we may all be Bretheren and Great King 
 ' Charles's, Children. 
 
 " I propofe to you, Firji^ That you call 
 
 * out of our Countrys of Virginia and Mary- 
 ' /rtwd' all your young Men or Soldiers that 
 ' are now there. 
 
 *' Secondly, That you do not hinder or moleft 
 
 * our Vr'xQnd Indians from Hunting at our 
 ' Mountains, it having becu their Country 
 ' and none of yours. They never go into 
 
 * your Country to difturb any of you. 
 
 '* '^Thirdly, Tho' the Damages you have 
 
 * done our Country be very great, and 
 
 * would require a great deal of Satisfadlion, 
 ' which you are bound to give, yet we af- 
 
 * fure you, that only by the Periwafions of 
 ' your Governor, who is at a vaft deal of 
 ' Trouble and Charge for your Wellfare, 
 ' which you ever ought to acknowledge, 
 ' I have pafled it by and forgiven you, 
 
 * upon this Condition, that your People, 
 
 * nor any living among you, never commit 
 'any Incurfions on our Chrijlians or Indians 
 
 "living 
 
 Kv 
 
! 1| 
 
 54 Hijiory of the five Chap. III. 
 
 '* living among us, or in Maryland. 
 
 ** For tile better Confirmation of tiie fame 
 ** and tiiat tlie Peace now concluded, may 
 ** be lafting, I propofe to have two ( m ) 
 '* Hatchets buried as a final Determination 
 " of all Wars and Jarrings between us : 
 "One on behalf of us and our Indians^ and 
 *' the other for all your Nations united to- 
 "gether, that ever did us any Injury, or 
 " pretended to War againft our Indian Friends 
 "or Maryland. 
 
 "And that nc ♦■hing may be wanting for 
 "Confirmation thereof, (if you defire it) 
 " we are willing to fend fome of our Indian 
 " Sachems with an Agent next Summer, 
 "about this time, that they may Ratifie the 
 " Covenant with you here in this prefixed 
 " Houfe, where you may fee and fpeak to- 
 "gether as Friends. 
 
 " That the Covenant now made between 
 " us in this prefixed Houfe, in the prefence 
 " of your Governor, may be firmly kept 
 " and perform'd on your parts, as it always 
 " has on ours, and that you do not break 
 " any one Link of the Covenant Chain for 
 " the future, by your Peoples coming near 
 "our Plantations; When you march to the 
 
 " South- 
 
 ( /w ) All Indians make ufe of the Hatchet or Ax as an 
 emblem to exprefs War. 
 
 [! k 
 
Chap. III. 
 
 'land. 
 
 f the fame 
 uded, may 
 two ( m ) 
 ermination 
 tween us : 
 ndians, and 
 united to- 
 Injury, or 
 an Friends 
 
 anting for 
 defire it) 
 )ur Indian 
 Summer, 
 iatifie the 
 s prefixed 
 fpeak to- 
 
 ; between 
 ' prefence 
 mly kept 
 it always 
 lot break 
 3hain for 
 ling near 
 h to the 
 " South- 
 
 or Ax as an 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations, ^^ 
 
 " Southward, keep to the feet of the Moun- 
 " tains, and not come nigh the heads, of our 
 " Rivers, there being no Bever Hunting 
 " there ; for we fhall not for the future 
 "(tho' you lay down your Arms as Friends) 
 " ever truft you more, you have fo often 
 " deceiv'd us. 
 
 The next Day the Mohawks anjwered fir ft by 
 their Speaker^ faying^ 
 
 TT'TT'E muft, in the firft place, fay 
 fomething to the other three Na- 
 tions by way of Reproof for their not keep- 
 ing the former Covenant, as they ought, 
 and therefore we defire you, great Sachem 
 of Virginia^ and you Corlaer, and all Peo- 
 ple here prefent, to hearken, for we will 
 conceal nothing of the Evil they have done. 
 (Then turning to the other three Nations) 
 You have heard Yefterday all that has been 
 faid ; as for our parts, we are free of the blame 
 laid on us for the Mifchief done in Virgi- 
 nia and Maryland. You are Stupid, Bru- 
 tifii, and have no Underftanding, thus to 
 break your Covenant. We have always 
 been obedient to Corlaer, and have ftieadily 
 kept our Covenant with Virginia^ Mary- 
 land and Bofton ; we mufl: therefore Stamp 
 Underftanding into you. Let the Cove- 
 
 *' nant 
 
 
I I 
 
 ^6 Hijiory of the five Chap. III. 
 
 nant made Yefterday, be carefuly kept for 
 the future. This we earneftly recommend 
 to you ; for we are ready to cry, for fhame 
 of you. Let us be no more afhamed on 
 your Account, but be obedient, and take 
 this Belt to keep what we fay in your 
 Remembrance. 
 
 " Hear now, now is the time to hearken. 
 The Covenant Chain had very near dipt. 
 You have not obferv'd your Covenant. 
 Obferve it now, when all former Evil is 
 buried in the Pit. 
 
 " You Oneydoes^ I fpeak to you as («) Chil- 
 dren. Be no longer void of Underftand- 
 ing. 
 
 " You Onnondagas, our Bretheren, you are 
 like Deaf People, that cannot hear, your 
 Senfes are cover'd with Dirt and Filth. 
 
 " You Cayugas, Do not return into your 
 former ways. There are three things we 
 muft all obferve. 
 
 ^^ Firjiy The Covenant wi.hCor/«fr. Second- 
 ly^ The Covenant with Virginia and Mary /and. 
 Thirdly^ The Covenant with Bojlon. We 
 muft Stamp Underftanding into you, that 
 you may be obedient. And Take this Belt 
 for a Remembrancer. 
 
 Then 
 
 S 
 
 f I ^i 
 
 i!' 
 
 < ■' 
 
 («) The Mohawks always call the Oneydoes Children, and 
 the Oneydoes acknowledge the Mohawks to be their Fathers. 
 
 • i 
 
-hap. III. 
 
 ' kept for 
 •commend 
 for fhame 
 lamed on 
 and take 
 
 1 
 
 m your 
 
 m 
 
 hearken, 
 lear dipt, 
 "ovenant. 
 r Evil is 
 
 1 
 
 («) Chil- 
 iderftand- 
 
 1 
 
 , you are 
 
 i 
 
 ear, your 
 'ilth. 
 
 tito your 
 Kings we 
 
 . Second- 
 daryland. 
 on. We 
 'ou, that 
 this Belt 
 
 Then 
 
 ildren, and 
 ir Fathers. 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 57 
 
 Then Odianne, the fame Mohawk Speaker, 
 turning to my Lord, fpoke in behalf of all 
 the four Nations. 
 
 *' We are very thankful to you, great Sachem 
 ** of Virginia^ that you are pleafed to be per- 
 *' fwaded by Corlaer^ our Governor, to forgive 
 *• all former Faults. We are very glad to hear 
 "you and to fee your Heart foftned. Take 
 " thefe three Bevers as a Token. 
 
 "We thank the great Sachem of Virginia 
 " for faying, that the Ax fhall be thrown into 
 " the Pit. Take thefe two Bevers as a Token 
 "of our Joy and Thankfulnefs. 
 
 " We are glad that (0 ) AJfarigoa" will bury 
 " in the Pit what is paft, and ftamp thereon. 
 " Let a ftrong ftream likewife run under the 
 " Pit, to wafh the evil all away. Gives 1 Bevers. 
 
 " My Lord, you are a Man of great Know- 
 " ledge and Underftanding, thus to keep the 
 " Covenant Chain bright as Silver, and now 
 " again to Renew it, and make it ftronger. 
 
 (Then pointing to the othe three Nations 
 faid,) " But they are Covenant Breakers. I 
 "lay down this as a Token that we Mohawks 
 " have kept the Covenant entire on out parts. 
 Giving two Bevers and a Raccoon. 
 
 " The Covenant muft be kept ; for the fire 
 H "of 
 
 (5) The Name, which the Five Nations always give the 
 Governors of Virginia. 
 
 '*>j 
 
I II 
 
 i ! ii I 
 
 i • 
 
 58 Hijiory of the five Chap. III. 
 
 " of Love of Virginia and Maryland burns in 
 " this place, as well as ours, and this Covenant 
 " Houfe muft be kept clean. Gives two 
 Bevers. 
 
 "We now plant a (/») Tree, who's tops 
 "will reach the Sun, and its Branches fpread 
 " far abroad, fo that it fhall be feen afar off; & 
 " we fhall fhelter ourfelves under it, and live in 
 " Peace,without moleflation. Gives two Bevers. 
 
 " You propofed yefterday, that if we were 
 " defirous to fee the Indians of Virginia^ you 
 " are willing to fend fome of their Sachems 
 " next Summer about this time to this Place. 
 " This Propofal pleafcs us very much. The 
 " fooner they come, it will be the better, that 
 " we may fpeak with them in this Houfe,which 
 " is apointed for our fpeakingwith ourFriends. 
 And gave two Belts to confirm it. 
 
 " You have now heard what Exhortation we 
 " have made to the other three Nations. We 
 "have taken the Hatchet out of their hands. 
 " We now therefore pray, that your Hatchet 
 " may likewife be buried in the Pit. Giving 
 two Bevers, 
 
 " Let the River be fecure, for we fome- 
 " times make Propofitions to the Rarittm and 
 '■'■ Nevejfink Indians \ but above all, let your 
 " Virginia Indians come fecurely hither, that 
 
 we 
 
 (/ ) The Five Nations alwavs exprel's Peace under the 
 Metapher ^f a Tree, in this manner. 
 
 i J 
 
hap. III. 
 
 burns in 
 Covenant 
 ves two 
 
 o s tops 
 ;s fpread 
 roff; & 
 d live in 
 Severs. 
 we were 
 nia, you 
 sachems 
 s Place. 
 1. The 
 :er, that 
 fe, which 
 ^"riends. 
 
 ition we 
 s. We 
 ■ hands, 
 "iatchet 
 Giving 
 
 /bme- 
 •'/« and 
 t your 
 r, that 
 
 <( 
 
 we 
 
 i 
 
 nder the 
 
 Part I. Indian Nation^. 59 
 
 " we may keep a good Correfpondence with 
 **them. 
 
 " My Lord, Some of us Mohawks are out 
 "againft Our Enemies that live a far off. 
 "When they come near your Plantations, 
 "they will do you no harm, nor Plunder as 
 "the others do. Be kind to them, if they 
 "Ihall happen to come to any of your Plan- 
 " tations. Give them fome Tobacco and fome 
 " Viduals ; for they will neither Rob nor 
 " Steal, as the Oneydoes, OnnondagaszndCayugai 
 " lave done. 
 
 ''The Oneydoes particularly Thank your 
 " Lordfhip for hearkening to lay down' the 
 " Ax. The Hatchet is taken out of all their 
 hands. And gives a Belt. 
 
 "We again thank your Lordfhip, that the 
 " Covenant Chain is Renewed. Let it be kept 
 " clean and bright, and held faft. Let not any 
 " one pull his Arm from it. We enclude all 
 " the Four Nations in giving this Belt. 
 
 " We again pray your Lordfhip, to take 
 " the Oneydoes into your Friendfhip, and that 
 "you keep the Covenant Chain ftrong with 
 " them ; for they are in our Covenant. Gives 
 a Belt. 
 
 The Oneydoes give twenty Bevers, as fatis- 
 fadion for what they promifed my Lord 
 Baltimore, and defire that they may be Dif- 
 charged. 
 
 H 2 My 
 
i: 
 
 i I 
 
 ;l* 
 
 
 
 
 41 
 I 
 
 
 j'l 
 
 hi 
 
 ; 
 
 ii I 
 
 1H ' 
 
 I 
 
 1 ! 
 
 1 i 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 il 
 
 i 
 
 6o Hijiory of the five Chap. III. 
 
 My Lord and the Governor told them, 
 That they would rfe their Endeavours with 
 the Lord Baltimortf^ to perfwade him to forgive 
 what remained. 
 
 Then the Indians defired that the Hole might 
 be digged, to bury the Axes, viz. One in 
 behalf of I'irginia and their Indians, another in 
 behalf of A/rtn7c/«c/ and t\\Q\v Indians, and three 
 for the Oneydoes, Onnondagas and Cayugas. The 
 Mohawks faid, there was no need of burying 
 any on their Account ; for the firft Chain had 
 never been broke by them. 
 
 Then the three Nations fpoke by an Onnon- 
 daga, call'd "Thanohjanihta, who faid, 
 
 " We Thank tlie great Sachem of Virginia, 
 '* that he has fo readily forgiven and forgot 
 " the Evil that has been done ; And We, on 
 " our parts, gladly catch at, and lay hold of the 
 *• Chain." Then each of them deliver an 
 Ax to be buried, and gave a Belt. 
 
 The Speaker added, " I fpeak in the Name 
 " of all three Nations, and inculde them in 
 " this Chain, which we defire may be kept 
 " clean and bright like Silver. Gives a Belt. 
 
 " We defire that the Path may be open for 
 " the Indians, under your Lordfiiips Protedion 
 " to come fafely and freely to this place, in 
 " order to confirm this Peace*'' Gives fix 
 Fathom of Wampum. 
 
 Then the Axes were buried in the South- 
 
 eaft 
 
Chap. III. 
 
 old them, 
 
 'ours with 
 
 to forgive 
 
 lole might 
 One in 
 another in 
 , and three 
 ugas. The 
 •f burying 
 Chain had 
 
 an Onnon- 
 
 f Virginia^ 
 nd forgot 
 d We, on 
 old of the 
 leliver an 
 
 the Name 
 them in 
 be kept 
 
 3 a Belt, 
 open for 
 
 'rotedion 
 place, in 
 
 Gives fix 
 
 e South- 
 eaft 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 6 1 
 
 eaft end of the Court-yard, and the Indians 
 threw the Earth upon them. After which 
 my Lord told them. That /nice now a firm Peace 
 was concluded, IV e Jhall hereafter remain Friends, 
 rtW Virginia and Mi\vy\vim\willJ'end once in two 
 or three years to Renew it, andjome o/0//;Tndian 
 Sachems Jhall come, according to your defire, to 
 Confirm it. 
 
 Lafl: of all, the Oneydoes, Onnondagas and 
 Cayugas, joyndy, fang the Peace Song, with 
 Demonftrations of much Joy ; and Thank'd 
 the Governor of New-7~ork' for his efFecftual 
 Mediation with the Governor of Virginia, in 
 their favour. 
 
 The Mohawks by themfelves, and the other 
 three Nations by themfelves, fpoke to the 
 Governor of New-Tork, much to the fame 
 purpofe that they did to the Governor of Hr- 
 ginia, fo far as it related to the Affair of /^/r^w/rt, 
 but with fome particular Marks of Perfonal 
 Eft.eem ; for he had won their Affedions by 
 his former carriage towards them. And they 
 defired the Duke of IVrk's Arms to put upon 
 their Caftles. Which, we may fuppofe, they 
 were told, would fave them from the French. 
 
 Coll. Dongan defired them to call home thofe 
 
 of 
 
 s 
 
l! ■'. 
 
 61 Hijlory of the five Chap. III. 
 
 of their Nations that had fettled in Canada, {q) 
 To which they anfwered, ' Corlaer keeps a 
 ' Correfpondence with Canada^ and therefore 
 * he can prevail more than we can. Let Corlaer 
 ' life his endeavours to draw our Indians home 
 ' to their own Country. And gave a Bever. 
 
 At the fame Time, the Government of the 
 the Majfachujets-Bay iiad appointed Coll. Ste- 
 phanus Cortlandt^ one of the Council oi New- 
 Tork, their Agent, to Renew their Covenant 
 with the Five Nations, and to give them fome 
 fmall Prefents : Which was accordingly 
 done. 
 
 The Governor of Neiv-Tork, Coll. Dongan, 
 concluded all, with this Advice to them, Keep 
 a good Under ft anding among your Selves : If any 
 Difference Jhou Id happen, acquaint me with it, and 
 I will compofe it. Make no Covenant or Agreement 
 
 with 
 
 (y) The French Priefts had (from time to time) per- 
 fwaded ieveral of tlie Five Nationno leave their own Coun- 
 try, and to fettle near Montreal/, where the French are very 
 induftious in encouraging them. Their Numbers have 
 been likewife encrcafed by the Prifoners the Frenchh^wt 
 taken in War, and by others who have run from their own 
 Country, becaufe of fome Mifchief that they had done, or 
 Debts which they ovv'd to the Chrijlians. Thefe Indians 
 all profefs Chrijiianity, and therefore are commonly call'd 
 The Praying Indians by their Country-men, and they are 
 called Cahnuagas by the People of Aliany." 
 
h 
 n 
 
 "hap. III. 
 
 'anada. {q) 
 y keeps a 
 therefore 
 .et Corlaer 
 "tans home 
 1 Bever. 
 ent of the 
 Coll. 6"/^- 
 1 of New- 
 Covenant 
 hem fome 
 icordingly 
 
 I. DongaUy 
 lem, Keep 
 ?s : If any 
 nth it, and 
 Agreement 
 with 
 
 ) time) per- 
 ■ own Coun- 
 nch are very 
 nibers have 
 French have 
 in their own 
 lad done, or 
 hefe Indians 
 nonly cali'd 
 nd they are 
 
 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 6 2 
 
 with the French, or any other Nation, without my 
 Knowledge or Approbation. Then he gave the 
 Dukes Arms, to be put upon each of their 
 CailLs, in hopes it might deter the French 
 from attacking them (as they were threaten'd 
 from Canada) after they had fo manifeftly de- 
 clared themfelves to be under the Protedion 
 of the Crown of England. 
 
 Before I proceed further it will be neceflary 
 to incert a Remarkable Speech made by the 
 Onnondagas and Cayugas^ to the two Governors, 
 on the 2d day of Atigujl, viz. 
 
 Brother Corlaer ; 
 
 " "VrOur Sachem is a great Sachem, and We 
 " ■* are but a fmall People. But when the 
 " Engli/fi came firft to Manhatan, (r) Aragiske, 
 " (7^) and to Takokranagary, (/) they were 
 "then but a Small People, and we Great. 
 " Then, becaufe we found you a good People, 
 '•we treated you civilly, and gave you Land. 
 " We hope therefore, now that you are Great 
 "and we Small, you will protedl us from the 
 '■''French. If you do not, we fhall loofe all 
 " our Hunting, and our Bevers, The French 
 
 "will 
 
 (r) New-Tork. (/) Virginia. (/) Maryland. 
 
fill 
 
 I I 
 
 i 
 
 
 64 Hijiory of the five Chap. III. 
 
 * will get all the Bever. They are now angry 
 
 * with us, because we carry our Bever to our 
 ' Brethroi. 
 
 " We have put our Lands and our Selves 
 
 * under the Protcdion of the great Duke of 
 ' '^'ork, the Brother of your great Sachem, who 
 ' is likewife a great Sachem. 
 
 " We have given the Sufqtiehana Rivej", 
 ' which We won with the Sword, to this 
 ' Government, and we defire that it may be 
 ' a Branch of the great Tree that grows in 
 ' this Place, the top of which reaches the 
 ' Sun, and its Branches flielter us from the 
 ' French^ and all other Nations. Our Fire 
 ' burns in your Houfes, and your Fire burns 
 'with us. We defire that it may always be 
 'fo. 
 
 "We will not that any of the great Penns 
 ' People fettle upon the Sufquehana River ; for 
 
 * we have no other Land to leave to our Chil- 
 ' dren. 
 
 " Our voung People are Soldiers, and when 
 ' they are difobliged they are like Wolves in 
 ' the Woods, as you Sachem of Virginia very 
 ' well know. 
 
 " We have put our Selves under the great 
 ' Sachem Charles, that lives on the other fide 
 
 * of the great Lake. We give you thefe two 
 ' White dreft Deer-Skins to be fent to the 
 ' great Sachem, that he may write on them, 
 
 "and 
 
 if \ 
 
I 
 
 rhap. III. 
 
 low angry 
 'er to our 
 
 ur Selves 
 t Duke of 
 chem,who 
 
 na River, 
 I, to this 
 t may be 
 
 grows in 
 aches the 
 
 from the 
 Our Fire 
 'ire burns 
 ilways be 
 
 ;at Penn's 
 liver \ for 
 our Chil- 
 
 and when 
 V^olves in 
 ginia very 
 
 the great 
 other fide 
 thefe two 
 It to the 
 3n them, 
 "and 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 6$ 
 
 and put a great Red Seal to them, to Confirm 
 what We now do, and put the Sufqiiehana 
 River above the li'ajuhta { u) and all the reft 
 of our Land under the great Duke of York, 
 and give that Land to no body clfe. Our 
 Brethren, his People, have been like Fathers 
 to our Wives and Children, and have given 
 us Bread, when we were in need of it : 
 We will not therefore joyn our felvcs or 
 our Lands to any other Government but 
 this. We defire Colaer, our Governor, 
 may fend over thi;> Propofition to the great 
 Sachem, Charles, who dwells on the other 
 fide thegreat Lake, with this Belt of Wam- 
 pum, and this other fmaller Belt to the Duke 
 of I'ork, his Brother ; And we give you, 
 Corlaer, this Beaver, to fend over this Pro- 
 pofition. 
 
 " You great Man of Virginia, We let you 
 know, that great Penn did fpeak to us here 
 in Corlaers Houfe, by his Agents, and de- 
 fired to buy the Sufquehana River of us, but 
 "we would not hearken to him ; for Sve 
 had faften'd it to this Government. We 
 defire of you therefore, that you would 
 bear Witnefs of what we now do, and that 
 we now Confirm what we have done be- 
 fore. Let your Friend, the great Sachem 
 I " that 
 
 («) The Falls. 
 
 m 
 
i ^ 
 
 I'.a 
 
 i 
 
 !i 
 
 !,. 
 
 I 
 
 1 < 
 i 
 
 M' 
 
 I i 
 
 I , 
 
 I ; 
 
 ! i 
 
 I ! 
 
 66 Hijiory of the five Chap. III. 
 
 *' that lives on the other fide the great Lake, 
 " know this, that We being a Free People, 
 " tho' united to the En^HJh^ may give our 
 ** Lands, and he joyn'd to the Sachem we like 
 *' beft. We give this Bever to Remember 
 *' what we fay. 
 
 The Senekas arrived foon after, and on the 
 5th of Augujl fpoke to my Lord Howard in 
 the following manner. 
 
 ' \T\T^' have heard and underftood what 
 ' ^ ^ Mifchief hath been done in Vir- 
 '■ ginia. We have it as perfedl as if it were 
 
 * upon our Fingers ends. O Corkier ! We 
 
 * Thank you for having been our Interceflbr, 
 ' fo that the Ax hath not fallen upon Us. 
 
 " And you, AJJarigoa, great Sachem of Vir- 
 * ginia. We Thank you for burying all Evil 
 ' in the Pit. We are inform'd, that the 
 
 * Mohawks, On ey does, Onnondagas and Cayugaes 
 
 * have buried the Ax already ; Now we that 
 ' ^""e the remoteft off, are come to do the 
 ^ fame, and to include in this Chain the Cah- 
 
 * nawaas, your Friends, who live amongft 
 ' you. We defire therefore, that an Ax,on our 
 
 * part, may be buried with one of my Lords. 
 'O Corlaer I Corlaer ! We Thank you for 
 
 * holding one end of the Ax : And We thank 
 ' you, great Governor of Virginia, not only 
 
 "for 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 
i 
 
 fi 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 67 
 
 for throwing afulc the Ax, l)ut more efpe- 
 cially for your putting all I\vil froni your 
 Heart. Now we have a New Chain, a 
 ftrong and a ftreight Chain that cannot be 
 broken. The 'free of Peace is planted fo 
 firmlv that it cannot he moved. Let us on 
 both (ides hold the Chain tall. 
 '* We underftand what you faid of the 
 e;reat Sachem that lives on the other fide 
 the great Water. 
 
 " You tell us, that the Cahnawaas will 
 come hither to ftrensrrhen the Chain. Let 
 them not make any Kxcufe, that they are 
 Old and Feeble, or that their Feet are Sore. 
 If the Old Sachems cannot, let the Young 
 Men come. We (hall not fail to come 
 hither, tho' we live the fartheft off, and 
 then the New Chain will be ftrongcr und 
 brighter. 
 
 "We underftand, that becaufe of the Mif- 
 chief which has been done to the People 
 and Cattle of Virginia and Maryland^ we 
 muil not come near the Heads of your 
 Rivers, nor near your Plantations, but keep 
 at the foot of the Mountains ; for tho' we 
 lay down our Arms, as Friends, we fhtiU 
 not be trufted for the future, but look'd on 
 as Robbers, We agree, hovv'ever, to this 
 Propofition, and fliall wholly ftay away 
 from Virginia : And this we do in gratitude 
 I 2 "to 
 
 % 
 
. 1 
 
 ?- 
 
 y 
 
 t. 
 
 •I 
 
 •H 
 
 ■•* 
 
 f 
 
 ,i ■ > 
 
 :^ 
 
 t it 
 
 
 II 
 
 I! 
 
 I, ' 
 
 ( i 
 
 1 : 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I I < 
 
 I 
 
 ■i 
 !■ 
 i' 
 
 68 Hilary of the five Chap. III. 
 
 ' to Corlaer^ who has been at fo great Pains 
 ' to perfvvade vou, Great Governor of Virginia^ 
 ' to forget what is paft. We commend your 
 * Underftanding, in giving ear to Corlaer% 
 ' goodAdvice ; and we fliall go a path which 
 ' was never trod before. 
 
 '' We have now done fpeaking to Corlaer, 
 ' and theGovernor o\ Virginia. Let theChain 
 ' be forever kept clean and bright, and we 
 ' lliall do the fame. 
 
 " The other Nations, from the Mohawks 
 ' Country to the Cayugas, have deliver'd up 
 ' the Siifqiiehana River ^ and all that Country, 
 ' to Corlaers Government. We Confirm 
 ' what they have done, by giving this Belt. 
 ' Ten Bevers are at the Onnondagas Caftle in 
 ' their way hither ; We defign five of them 
 ' for Corlaer, and the other five for the Sachem 
 ' of Virginia. 
 
 Coll. Bird^ one of the Council of Virginia^ 
 and Edmond Jennings^ Efq; Attorney General 
 of that Province, came with four Indian 
 Sachems, (according to my Lord Howard's 
 Promife) to Renew and Confirm the Peace, 
 and met the Five Nations ^\.Albany'\\\September^ 
 1685. 
 
 Coll. Bird accus'd them of having again 
 broke their Covenant, by taking an Indian Girl 
 
 from 
 
Chap. III. 
 
 great Pains 
 r of Virginia^ 
 Timend your 
 
 to Corlaers 
 I path which 
 
 g to Corlaer^ 
 Let theChain 
 ght, and we 
 
 he Mohawks 
 deliver'd up 
 lat Country, 
 Ve Confirm 
 g this Belt. 
 <i^as Caftle in 
 ive of them 
 r the Sachem 
 
 of Virginia^ 
 ney General 
 tour Indian 
 \ Howard's 
 the Peace, 
 n September, 
 
 iving again 
 1 Indian Girl 
 from 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 69 
 
 from an Englijh Mans Houfe, and four Indian 
 Boys Prifoners. 
 
 They excufed this, by its being done by the 
 Parties that were out when the Peace was con- 
 cluded, who knew nothing of it ; Which 
 Accidents they had provided againft in their 
 Articles. They faid. The four Boys were 
 given to the Relations of thofe Men that were 
 loft, and it would be very difficult to obtain 
 their Reftoration. But they promifed to de- 
 liver them up. 
 
 The Senekas and Mohawks declared them- 
 felves free of any blame, and chid the other 
 Nations. 
 
 So that we may ftill obferve the Influence 
 which the French Priejls had obtain'd over 
 thofe other Nations, and to what Chriftian-like 
 Purpofes they us'd it. 
 
 The Mohawks Speaker faid, Where ffiall I 
 Jeek the Chain of Peace ? Where fliall I find it, 
 but upon Our Path ? And whither doth Our Path 
 lead us, but unto this Houfe ? 'This is a Houje of 
 Peace. And fang all the Covenant Chain over. 
 He afterwards fang by way of Admonition to 
 the Onnondagas, Cayugas and Oneydoes, and con- 
 cluded all with a Song to the Virginia Indians. 
 But I fuppofe our Interpreters were not Poets 
 enough to Tranflate the Songs, otherwife I 
 might have gratified the Reader with a tafte 
 of Indian Poetry. 
 
 The 
 
 s 
 
,4' : 
 
 i« 
 
 i'-'l 
 
 70 Hilary of the five Chap. III. 
 
 ThtFrenchPrieJis*^ ftill had an Influence over 
 the Onnondagas^ Cayugas and Oneydoes^ and it 
 was eafie for them to fpirit up the Indians (na- 
 turally Revengeful) againft their old Enemies. 
 This occafion'd a Party of the Oneydoes going 
 out two years afterwards againft the IVayanoak 
 Indians, Friends of Virginia, and killing fome 
 of the People of Virginia, who aiTifted thofe 
 Indians. They took fix Prifoners, which they 
 reftored at Albany, with an Excufe, That they 
 did not know that they were Friends of Vir- 
 ginia, and included in the Chain with Virginia. 
 Coll. Dongan, on this Occafion, told them, 
 That he only had kept all the Englijh in North- 
 America from joyning together to Deftroy 
 them ; And at the fame time threatned them, 
 That if ever he fhould hear of the like Com- 
 plaint, he would dig up the Hatchet, and 
 joyn with the reft of the Englijh to cut them 
 off. Root and Branch ; for there were many 
 Complaints made of him to the King by the 
 Englifh, as well as the Governor of Canada, for 
 his favouring of them. 
 
 I 
 
 Now we have gone through the Material 
 Tranfadions which the Five Nations had with 
 the Englijh, in which we find the Englijh pur- 
 fuing nothing but Peaceable and Chrijiian Mea- 
 Jures, and the Five Nations (tho' Barbarians) 
 living like good Neighbours and faithful 
 
 Friends, 
 
 ^ w 
 
 !, »:■ 
 
 \ ,M 
 
 : ii 
 
 i!^! > 
 
^hap. III. 
 
 lence over 
 (?j, and it 
 idians (na- 
 Enemies. 
 does going 
 Wayanoak 
 ling fome 
 fted thofe 
 I'hich they 
 That they 
 Is of Vir- 
 1 Virginia. 
 )ld them, 
 in Nortb- 
 ) Deftroy 
 led them, 
 like Com- 
 :het, and 
 cut them 
 ere many 
 ng by the 
 anaday for 
 
 Material 
 had with 
 '^li/h pur- 
 iian Mea- 
 irbarians) 
 1 faithful 
 Friends, 
 
 ^^'■f I- Indian Nations. -ri 
 
 Friends, except when they were influenced 
 by the Arts of the Jesuits ; Tho' at the fame 
 time one cannot but admire the Zeal, Courage 
 and Relolution of thefe Jefuits, that would 
 adventure to live among Indians at War with 
 their Nation ; and the better to carry their 
 Purpofes, to comply with all the Humors 
 and Manners of fuch a Wild People, fo as not 
 to be diftinguiOied by Grangers from meer 
 
 y«^/««j.Oneof them, nam'dM//<?/,remain'd with 
 the Oneydoes till after the year 1694. he was 
 advanced to the degree of a Sachem, and had 
 lo great an Influence over them, that the other 
 Nations could not prevail with them to part 
 with him. While he remain'd with them 
 the Oneydoes were frequently turn'd againft 
 the Southern Indians ( Friends of the Engli/fi 
 Southern Colonies) and were always waver- 
 ing in their Refolutions againft Canada.'' 
 
 We fhall now Return to fee what eff"ed the 
 Irencb Policy had, who purfaed very difl?-erent 
 Meafures from the Englijh. 
 
 'Pi 
 
 .k:^1 
 
 \.\. 
 
 m 
 
 
 CHAP 
 
 '■^U 
 
tl ) 
 
 If 
 
 I J 
 
 
 in 
 
 
 f"T- 
 
 N'l 
 
 
 •1 
 
 I i 
 
 
 }; 5 
 
 ill 
 
 I I 
 
 I; 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 !. 
 
 til : 
 
 in 
 
 UiL^. 
 
 72 
 
 Hilary of the five Chap. IV. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Mr. De la Barre'j Expedition^ andjome Remark- 
 able Tranfa£lions in 1684. 
 
 'TpHe French in the Time they were at Peace 
 •*■ with the Five Nations y built their Fort 
 at Teiodondoraghi or Mijfilimakinaky and made a 
 Settlement there. They carried their Com- 
 merce among the Numerous Nations that live 
 on the Banks of the great Lakes^ and the 
 Banks of the Miftffipi. They not only pro- 
 fecuted their Trade among thefe Nations, but 
 did all they could to fecure their Obedience, 
 and to make them abfolutely fubjedl to the 
 Crown of France, by building Forts at the ccn- 
 fiderable Paffes, and placing fmall Garrifons 
 in them. They took all the Precautions in 
 their Power, not only to reftrain the Indians 
 by Force, but likewife to gain their Affedions, 
 by fending Miflionaries among them. The 
 only Obftrudion they met with, was from 
 the Five Nations, who introduced the Engli/h 
 of New-Tork into the Lakes, to Trade with 
 the Indians that liv'd round them. This gave 
 the French much uneafinefs, becaufe they 
 fore-faw, that the Engli/h would not only prove 
 dangerous Rivals, but that the Advantages 
 
 which 
 
lap. IV. 
 
 Remark- 
 
 at Peace 
 ;ir Fort 
 1 made a 
 ir Com- 
 that live 
 and the 
 n!y pro- 
 ons, but 
 tedience, 
 : to the 
 the ccn- 
 rarrifons 
 tions in 
 Indians 
 Fedions, 
 1. The 
 as from 
 : Engli/h 
 ide with 
 his gave 
 ife they 
 ly prove 
 vantages 
 which 
 
 'A 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 73 
 
 which they enjoy'd in Trade, beyond what 
 it was pollible for the Inhabitants of Canada 
 to have, would enable the People of New-Tork 
 fo far to under-fell them, tLat their Trade 
 would foon be Ruin'd, and all the Intereft 
 loft which they had gain'd with fo much 
 Labour and Expence. The Five Nations like- 
 wife continued in War with many of the 
 Nations, the Chict^ghiks particularly, who 
 yielded the moft Profitable Trade to the 
 French ; and as often as they difcover'd any of 
 the Fr^^fi^ carrying Ammunition towards thefe 
 Nations, they fell upon them, and took all 
 their Powder, Lead and Arms from them. 
 This made the French Traders afraid of travel- 
 ing, and prevented their Indians from hunting, 
 and leflen'd the Opinion they had of the French 
 Power^ when they found that the French were 
 not able to proted them againft the Infults of 
 the Five Nations. 
 
 The Sennekas lie next to the Lakes , and 
 neareft to the Nations with whom the French 
 Traded, and were fo averfe to the French Na- 
 tion, that they never would receive any Prieft" 
 among them, and of confequence were moft 
 firmly attached to the EngliJJi Interejl , who 
 fupplyed them with Arms and Powder, (the 
 means to be Revenged of their Enemies.) 
 For thefe reafons Mr. De la Barre (the Go- 
 vernor of Canada) fent a Meflenger to Coll. 
 
 K Dongan 
 
 r 
 
 
 '■tj 
 
 «^ 
 
; '*: 
 
 I « 
 
 74 Hijiory of the five Chap. IV. 
 
 Dongan, to complain of the Injuries thtSennekas 
 had done to the French, and to fhow the necef- 
 fity he was under to bring the Five Nations to 
 Reafon by Force of Arms ; which Meflenger" 
 happening to arrive at the time the Indians met 
 my Lord Howard a.t Albany, Coll. Dongan told 
 the Sennekas of the Complaints that the French 
 Governor made of them. They gave him 
 the following Anfwer, in Prefence of Mr. 
 De la Barre's MeiTenger, on the 5th of Augujl, 
 1684. 
 
 " WE were fent for, and are come, and 
 " have heard what you have faid to us. That 
 " Corlaer hath great Complaints of us, both 
 *' from Virginia and Canada. What they com- 
 ** olain of from Canada, may pofTibly be true, 
 " that our Young People have taken fome of 
 " their Goods ; but Yonnondio is the caufe of 
 ** it. He not only permits his People to 
 *' carry Ammunition, Guns, Powder, Lead & 
 " Axes to the Tuihtuihronoon (.v) our Enemys, 
 " but fends them thither on purpofe. Thefe 
 " Guns which he fends knock our Bever- 
 " hunters on the head, and our Enemies carry 
 
 "the 
 
 i (■ . 
 
 ( ;ic ) Ronoon{\gn\ht% Nation or People, in the Language 
 of" the Five Nations, they fay Twihtzvih-ronoon, ChiHag- 
 hik-ronoon, Dedonondadik-ronoon, i^c. 
 
 i 
 
 t. 
 
I 
 
 That 
 both 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 Part I. Iniiian Nation^. 75 
 
 the Bevers to Canada, that we would have 
 brought to our Brethren. Our Bever- 
 hunters are Soldiers, and could bear this no 
 longer. They met with fome French in 
 their way to our enemies, and very near 
 them, carrying Ammunition, which our 
 Men took from them. This is agreeable 
 to our Cuftoms of War,, and we may there- 
 fore openly own it ; tho' we know not 
 whether it be pradtifed by the Chriftians in 
 fuch like cafes. 
 
 " When the Governor of Canada fpeaks to 
 us of the Chain, he calls us Children, and 
 faith, / am your Father, you muji hold faji 
 the Chain, and I will do the fame. I will 
 Prote£l you as a Father doth his Children. Is 
 this Protedion, to fpeak thus with his 
 Lips, and at the fame time to knock us on 
 the head, by aflifting our Enemies with 
 Ammunition ? 
 
 *' He always fays, / am your Fathe" , and 
 you are my Children, and yet he is angry 
 with his Children for taking thefe goods. 
 But, O Corlaer I O AJfarigoa ! We muft com- 
 plain to you. You, Corlaer, are a Lord, 
 and Governs this Country; Is it juft that 
 our Father is going to fight with us for 
 thefe things, or is it well done } We rejoyced 
 when La Sal was fent over the great Water, 
 and when Perot was removed, becaufe they 
 K 2 ** had 
 
! ;■' 'f 
 
 I 
 
 if 
 
 :i U: 
 
 76 Hijiory of the five Chap. IV. 
 
 " had furnifhed our Enemies with Ammuni- 
 " tion ; but we are difapointed in our hopes ; 
 ■ ' for we find that our Enemies are ftiil 
 '* fupplied. Is this well done ? Yea, he often 
 '* forbids us to make War on any of the 
 *' Nations with whom he Trades, and at the 
 " fame time furnifhes them with all forts of 
 *' Ammunition, to enable them to deftroy 
 '*' us. 
 
 " Thus far in Anfwer to the Complaints 
 " which the Governor of Canada hath made of 
 *' Us to Corlaer. Corlaer faid to us, that 
 '- Satisfadlion muft be made to the French for 
 '* the Mifchief we have done them. Ti.ls 
 " he faid before he heard our Anfwer. Now 
 *' let him that hath Infpedlion over all 
 "our Countries, on whom our Eyes are 
 " fix'd, let him, ev'n Corlaer judge and de- 
 *' termine. If you fay it muft be paid, we 
 *' (hail pay it, but we cannot live without 
 " free Bever-hunting. 
 
 " Corlaer^ Hear what we fay, We Thank 
 " you for the Dukes Arms which you have 
 ** given us to be put on our Caftles, as a De- 
 " fence to them. You command them. Have 
 wander'd out of the way, as the Go- 
 
 (( 
 
 we 
 
 H I 
 
 " vernor of Canada fays. We do not threaten 
 " him with War, as he threatens us. What 
 " fhall we do ? Shall we run away, or fhall 
 "we fit fl:ill in our Houfes } What fliall we 
 
 "do? 
 
 * ^ 
 
 Nl 
 
 I i! 
 
I 
 
 lap. IV. 
 
 mmuni- 
 • hopes ; 
 ire ftill 
 he often 
 
 of the 
 1 at the 
 forts of 
 
 deftroy 
 
 uplaints 
 made of 
 us, that 
 yench for 
 I. Tliis 
 Now 
 over all 
 lyes are 
 and de- 
 paid, we 
 without 
 
 ; Thank 
 ou have 
 as a De- 
 i. Have 
 the Go- 
 threaten 
 What 
 or fhall 
 fhall we 
 "do? 
 
 H 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 77 
 
 " do ? We fpeak to him that Governs and 
 " Commands us. 
 
 " Now Corlaer and AJfarigoa^ and all People 
 " here prefent, Remember what wc have 
 " anfwered to the Complaints of the Gover- 
 " nor of Canada ; Yea, let '\hat we fay come 
 " to his Ears." Then they gave a Belt, and 
 faid, there was five Bevers at Onondaga for the 
 Governor. 
 
 Monf. De la Barre at this time was gone 
 with all the Force of Canada to Cadaraekui 
 Fort, and order'd the three Veflels to be repair- 
 ed, which the French had built on that Lake. 
 His defign was to frighten xh^Five Nationsinto 
 his own Terms by the Appearance of fo great 
 an Army, which confifted of joo Soldiers, 
 400 Indians, and 400 Men that v^arried Provi- 
 fions, befides 300 Men that 'le left :o fecure 
 Cadaraekui Fort."'' But while he was at this 
 Fort, the Fatigue of Traveling in the Month 
 of Auguft together with the Unhealthinefs of 
 that place (the Country thereabout being 
 very Marfny) where he tarryed six weeks, 
 occafioned fo grcac a Siknefs in his Army, that 
 he found himfelf unable to Perform any 
 thing, but by Treaty, and therefore fent 
 Orders to Monf. Dulhut, who was come from 
 Mijfiiimakinak\s\\.\\ 6o3 men French and Indians, 
 to flop. He pafled a Crofs the Lak*^ with as 
 many men as were able to Travel, and arrived 
 
 at 
 
 'ri'*t 
 
■ « 
 
 J 
 
 
 ' ii 
 
 
 W 1 " 
 
 1 
 
 
 ! 
 
 ii 
 
 r 
 
 
 n I 
 
 I I 
 
 i 
 
 J-J-* '- 
 
 78 Hijiory of the five Chap. IV. 
 
 at the River which the French call La Fawiney 
 and bythe/W/Vzwjcall'd Kaibsba^e," which runs 
 from the Onnondaga and Oneydo Countrys, and 
 falls into Cadarackui Lakes. There were two 
 Villages of the Five Nations on the North fide 
 of the Lake, about five or fix Leagues frorr 
 the French Fort, confifting of thofe Indians that 
 had the moft Inclination to the French : They 
 provided the French Army with Provifions, 
 while thev remain'd at the Fort : but it is 
 probable, lent an account to their own Nations 
 of every thing that happen'd, which was th\. 
 Reafon of the Ufage they afterwards met 
 with from the French. 
 
 When Mr. De la Barre fent to Coll. Dongan, 
 he was in hopes, from the ftridl Alliance that 
 was then between the Crowns of England and 
 France, and from Coll. Dongan s being a Fapifi, 
 that he would fit ftill till he had reduced the 
 Five Nations. But none of thefe Reafons per- 
 mitted that Gentleman to be eafie while the 
 French attempted fuch things, as in their con- 
 fequence would be to the higheft degree Pre- 
 juaicial to theEngliJJi Intereji,^ put all the^w^- 
 U'h Colonies m America in danger. Wherefore 
 he difpatch'd the Publick Interpreter," with 
 Orders to do every thing in his Power to pre- 
 vent the Five Nations going to Treat with Mr. 
 De la Barre. 
 
 The Interpreter fucceeded in his Defign 
 
 with 
 
I 
 
 1 ■ .' • 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 79 
 
 with the Mohawks, and with the Sennekas, who 
 promis'd that they would not go near the 
 French Governor, But he had not the like 
 Succefs with the Onnondagas , Oneydoes and 
 Caviigas, who had receiv'd the French Priefls. 
 For they would not heur the Interpreter, but 
 in Prefence of the French Priejl, and of Mr. 
 Le Maine, whom the Indians call Ohquejfe"" (jv) 
 and three other French Men, that Mr. he In 
 Barre had fent to perfwade them to meet him 
 at Kaihohage, ten Leagues from the Onnondaga 
 Caftle. They gave the following Anfwer to 
 the Interpreter. 
 
 Arie, You are Corlaer^ Meflenger ? Ohqueffe 
 " is the Governor of Canada % ; and there fits 
 "our Father" (2) Tonnondio acquainted us 
 *' fome time ago, that he would fpeak. with 
 " us before he would undertake anv thing 
 
 . CI? 
 
 " v.g^\Vi^t\\Q Sennakas. Now he hath fent for 
 " all the Nations to fpeak with him in Friend- 
 " fhip, and that at a Place not far from Onnon- 
 " daga, ev'n at Kaihohage. But our Brother 
 " Corkier tells us, That we muft not meet the 
 " Governor of Canada without his Permif- 
 *' fion ; and that if 7'onnondio have any thing 
 " to (ciy 1' J us, he mud: iirft fend to Corlaer for 
 " leave to fpeak with us. Tonnondio has fent 
 " long ago to us to fpeak withhim, and he has 
 
 " lately 
 
 {j) That is, the Partridge. (2) PoliTing to the Jefuit. 
 
 'M 
 
 m 
 
i: * 
 
 I 
 
 Si : 
 
 ' I 
 
 '•i< 
 
 >•• 
 
 80 Hijlory of the five Chap. IV. 
 
 lately repeated that Dcfirc, by Onnijfantie" 
 the Brother of our Father '^twirbacrjira^ that 
 fits there. He has not only intrcatcd us by 
 our Father, but by two Praying hidians^ one 
 an Oyinondaga^ the other the Son of an Old 
 Mohawk Sachem , Connondowe. They 
 brought five great Belts of Wampum, not 
 a Fathom or two only, as you briiig. Now 
 Ohqueffe has been fent with three Froicb-men: 
 Tonnondio not content with all this, has like- 
 wife fent Dernieboof,'"' nnd two other Mohawks 
 to perfwade us to meet him, and to fpealc 
 with him of good Things. Should we not 
 go to him, after all this F-ntreaty, when he 
 is come fo far, and fo near to us, certainly 
 if we did not , we fhould provoke his 
 Wrath, and not deferve this Goodnefs. You 
 fay we are Subjeds to the King of England 
 and Duke of 7'ork^ but we fay, we are Bre- 
 thren. We muft take care of our felves. 
 Thofe Arms fixed upon the Pofh without 
 theGate, cannot defend us againft the Arms 
 of La Barre. 
 
 " Brotber Corlaer ^ We tell you. That we 
 fhall bind a Covenant Chain to our Arm, 
 and to his, as thick as that Port {Pointing to 
 Pojloftbe Houje) " Be not diflatisfi'd; fhould 
 we not imbrace this Happinefs offer'd to 
 us, viz. Peace, in the place of War ; yea, 
 we fliail take the Evil doers, the Sennekas by 
 
 "the 
 
 
 
Part I. Indian Nations. 8 1 
 
 ' the hand, and La Barn; likewife.and their ax 
 ' and his Sword fliall be thrown into a deep 
 ' Water. We wifh our Brother Corlaer 
 ' wereprefent, but itfeems the time will not 
 * permit of it. 
 
 Accordingly Garangula" one of the chief 
 Sachems of the Onnomiagas, with thirty War- 
 riors, went with Mr. Le Maine to meet the 
 Governor of Canada at Kaihobage. After he 
 had remain'd two Days in the French Camp 
 Mr. La Barre fpoke to him, as follows, (the 
 French Officers making a Semi-circle on one 
 fide while Garangiila^ with his Warriors, com- 
 pleated the Circle on the other. ) 
 
 {b) MonJ. De La Barre'j Speech to Garangula. 
 
 " 'npHe King, my Mafter, being inform'd 
 " ■*• thatthe/'VwA^rt//o;7J- have often infring'd 
 *' the Peace, has order'd me to come hither 
 " with a Guard, and to fend Ohqiiejfe to the 
 ** Onnondagas to bring the chief Sachems to 
 " my Camp. The Intention of the great 
 " King is, that you and I may fmoke the 
 L " Calumet 
 
 (^) Voyages du Baron de la Hontan, Tomei. Lettre 7, 
 
:fi 
 
 M 
 
 I , ' I 
 
 8a Hijfory of the five Chap. IV 
 
 ' Calumet ( f ) of Peace together, but on 
 
 * this Condition, that you Promife me, in 
 ' the Name of the Sennekas^ Cayugas, On- 
 
 * nondagas^ Oneydoes and Mohawks^ to give 
 
 * entire Satisfaction and Reparation to his 
 ' Subjeds, and for the future never to moleft 
 ' them. 
 
 "The Sennekas^ Cayugas, Onnondagas, Oney- 
 
 * does and Mohawks have Rob'd and Abus'd 
 
 * all the Traders that were palTing towards 
 
 * the Iliifiois and Umamies, and other Indian 
 
 * Nations, the Children o; my King. They 
 ' have aded, on thefe occafions, contrary to 
 ' the Treaty of Peace, with my Predecefibr. 
 ' I am order'd therefore to demand Satisfa- 
 ' ftion, and to tell them, That in cafe of 
 ' of Refufal, or their Plundering us any 
 ' more, that I have exprefs Orders to declare 
 ' War. This Belt Confirms my tVords. 
 
 The 
 
 ; 
 
 (f) The Calumet is a large Smoking Pipe, made of Mar- 
 ble, moll commonly of a dark Red, well polished, shaped 
 fome-what in the form of a Hatchet, and adorned with 
 larj;? Feathers of feveral Colours. It isufedinall the Ind'uin 
 Treatyes with Strangers, as a Flag of Truce between con- 
 tending Partys, which all the Indians think a verv high 
 Crime to violate. Thefe Calumets are generally of nice 
 Workmanship, and were in ufe before the Indians knew 
 any thing of the Chrijlians ; for which Reafon we are at a 
 1 ofs to conceive by what means they pierced thefe Pipes and 
 shaped them fo finely, before Uiey had the ufe of Iron. 
 
 ft 
 
 
 ' J 
 
;, in 
 On- 
 
 '^m 
 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 83 
 
 " The Warriors of the Five Nations have 
 " concluded the EngliJJi into the Lakes, which 
 " belong to the King, my Mafter, and brought 
 " the Englijh among the Nations that are his 
 " Children, to deftroy the Trade of his Sub- 
 " jeds, and to with draw thofe Nations from 
 " him. They have carried the EngliJJi thither 
 '■' notwithftanding the Prohibition of the late 
 " Governor of New-Tork, who fore-faw the 
 " Rifque that both they and you would run. 
 " I am willing to forget thefe things, but if 
 " ever the like Ihall happen for the future, I 
 '* have exprefs Orders to declare War againft 
 " you. This Belt Confirms my Words. 
 
 " Your Warriors have made feveral Bar- 
 *' barous Incurfions on the ///«o/j and Umamies. 
 " They have Maflacreed Men, Women and 
 " Children, and have made many of thefe 
 " two Nations Prifoners, who thought them- 
 " felves fafe in their Villages, in time of Peace. 
 " Thefe People, who are my Kings Children, 
 " muft not be your Slaves, you muft give 
 ** them their Liberty, and fend them back 
 ** into their own Country. If the Five Na- 
 " tions fhall refufe to do this, I have exprefs 
 " Orders to declare War againft them. This 
 " Belt Confirms my Words. 
 
 " This is what I had to fay to Garangula, that 
 " he may carry to the Sennekas, Cayugas, On- 
 " nondagasy Qneydoes and Mohawks the Decla- 
 
 L 2 " ration 
 
 m 
 
 
I-' 
 
 I I 
 
 84 Hijiory of the five Chap. IV. 
 
 ration which the King, my Mafter, has 
 commanded me to make. He doth not 
 wifh thjm to force him to fend a great Army 
 to Cadarackui Fort, to begin a War, which 
 muft be fatal to them. He would be forry 
 that this Fort, which was the Work of 
 Peace, fliould become the Prifon of your 
 Warriors. We muft endeavour,on both fides, 
 to prevent fuch Misfortunes. The French, 
 who are the Brethren and Friends of the 
 Five Nations, ■w'lW never trouble their repofe, 
 Provided that the Satisfadion which 1 de- 
 mand, be given, and that the Treatyes of 
 Peace be hereafter obferved. I fhall be 
 extreamly grieved if my words do not pro- 
 duce the EfFed which I exped: from them ; 
 for then I ftiall be obliged to joyn with 
 the Governor of New-l^ork , wlio is 
 Commanded by his Mafter to aftift me, and 
 burn the Caftles of the Five Nations, and 
 deftroy you. 'This Belt Confirms my Words*" 
 
 Garangula was very m.uch furprized to find 
 the foft words of the Jejuit, and of the 
 Governors Mefi^engers, turn'd to fuch 
 threatning Language. They were defigned 
 to ftrike Terror into thelndians. But Garangula 
 having had good information, from thofe of 
 the Five Nations living near Cadarackui Fort, 
 of all the Sicknefs and other Misfortunes 
 
 which 
 
 I 
 
 V I' 
 
hap. IV. 
 
 fter, has 
 oth not 
 at Army 
 r, which 
 be forry 
 /ork of 
 of your 
 )th fides, 
 : Frenchy 
 5 of the 
 r repofe, 
 h 1 de- 
 atyes of 
 fhall be 
 lot pro- 
 i them ; 
 >^n with 
 vho is 
 me, and 
 ons^ and 
 ^ords'° 
 
 to find 
 of the 
 fuch 
 efigned 
 rangula 
 hofe of 
 i Fort, 
 Drtunes 
 which 
 
 ? ".a 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations, 85 
 
 which attended the French Army, they were 
 far from producing the defigned Effed. All 
 t\iQX\mQt\\vitMon{. De la Barre^^okt.Garangida 
 kept his Eyes fixed upon the end of his Pipe. 
 And as foon as the Governor had done fpeak- 
 ing, he rofe up, and having walked five or 
 fix times round the Circle, he returned to 
 his place, where he fpoke fl:anding, while 
 Monf De la Barre kept hi'c Elbow Chair, and 
 faid, 
 
 Garangula'j Anjwer. 
 '\J'Onnondio^ I Honour you, and the 
 ■* Warriors that are with me all likewife 
 honour you. Your Interpreter has finifiied 
 your Speech; I now begin mine. My 
 words make haflie to reach your Eears, 
 hearken to them. 
 
 " Tonnondio^ You muft have believed when 
 you left ^lebeck, that the Sun had burnt up 
 all the Foreflis which render our Country 
 UnaccelTible to the French, Or that the 
 Lakes had fo far overflown their Banks, 
 that they had furrounded our Caftles, and 
 that it was impofiible for us to get out of 
 them. Yes, 2'^onnondio, furely you mufl: have 
 thought fo, and the Curiofity of feeing fo 
 great a Country burnt up, or under Water, 
 has brought you fo far. Now you are 
 undeceived, fince that I and my Warriors 
 
 " are 
 
 <( 
 
 (( 
 (( 
 (( 
 
 C( 
 C( 
 
 (( 
 (( 
 (( 
 . c 
 
 cc 
 
 (C 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 (C 
 
 (( 
 
 (C 
 
 
 '■'V* 
 
 ft 
 
Mf 
 
 "«i! 
 
 ^ii 
 
 ; I, 
 
 ^i( 
 
 i ■;• 
 
 i; 
 
 86 Hijiory of the five Chap. IV. 
 
 are come to aflure you that the Sennekas^ 
 Cayugas, OnnondagaSy Oneydoes and Mohawks 
 are all alive. I thank you, in their Name, 
 for bringing back into their Country the 
 Calumet which your PredecefTor received 
 from their hands. It was happy for you 
 that you left under ground that Murdering 
 Hatchet which has been fo often dyed in 
 the Blood of the French. Hear l^onnondio, 
 I do not Sleep, I have my eyes Open, and 
 the Sun which enlightens me difcovers to 
 me a great Captain at the head of a Com- 
 pany of Soldiers, who fpeaks as if he were 
 Dreaming. He fays that he only came to 
 the Lake to fmoke on the great Calumet 
 with the Onmndagas. But Garangula fays, 
 that he fees the Contrary, that it was to 
 knock them on the head, if Sicknefs had 
 not weakned the Arms of the French. 
 "I fee Tonnondio Raving in a Camp of 
 fick men, who's Lives the great Spirit has 
 faved, by Infliding this Sicknefs on them. 
 Hear Tonnondio^ Our Women had taken 
 their Clubs, our Children and Old Men 
 had carried their Bows and Arrows into 
 the heart of your Camp, if our Warriors 
 had not difarmed them, and retained them 
 when your Meflenger, Ohquejfe appeared 
 in our Caftle. It is done, and I have faid it. 
 
 " Hear 
 
 ■Ml 
 
lap. IV. 
 
 Sennekas^ 
 VLohawks 
 r Name, 
 itry the 
 received 
 for you 
 ardering 
 dyed in 
 mnondio, 
 )en, and 
 )vers to 
 a Corn- 
 he were 
 came to 
 Calmnet 
 da fays, 
 was to 
 efs had 
 '•Jo. 
 
 amp of 
 irit has 
 1 them. 
 1 taken 
 d Men 
 ws into 
 Warriors 
 d them 
 ppeared 
 faid it. 
 
 H 
 
 ear 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 87 
 
 ^^ " Hear Tonnondio, we plundered none of 
 " the French, but thofe that carried Guns, 
 II Powder and Ball to the Twihties and C/vV- 
 II taghicks, becaufe thofe Arms might have 
 " coft us our Lives. Herein we follow the 
 I' example of the Jefuits, who ftave all the 
 II Barrels of Rum brought to our Caftle, 
 " left the Drunken Indians fliould knock them 
 " on the Head. Our Warriors have not 
 II Bevers enough to pay for all thefe Arms 
 " that they have taken, and our Old Men are 
 " not afraid of the War. This Belt pre- 
 " ferves my Words. 
 
 ^^ " We carried the Englijh into our Lakes, to 
 II traffick there with the Utaivawas and 
 " ^iioghies, as the Adirondacks brought the 
 " French to our Caftles, to carry on a Trade 
 II which the Englijh fay is theirs. We are 
 " born free. We neitherdepend M'^owTonnondio 
 " nor Corlaer. 
 
 "_ We may go where we pleafe, and carry 
 " with us whom we pleafe, and buy and 
 II fell what we pleafe. If your Allies be your 
 " Slaves, ufe them as fuch, Command them 
 " to receive no other but your People. This 
 ** Belt Prcferves my Words. 
 ^^ " We knockt the Twihtwies and Chictaghiks 
 II on the head, becaufe they had cut down the 
 " Trees of Peace, which were the Limits of 
 " our Country. They have hunted Bevers 
 
 " on 
 
 "i •<- 
 
 I 1» 
 
^! 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 88 Hijlory of the five Chap. IV. 
 
 ** on our Lands : They have adled contrary 
 *' to the Cuftom of all Indians'^ for they left 
 " none of the Bevers alive, they kill'd both 
 *' Male and Female. They brought the Sa- 
 *' tanas (d) into their Country, to take part 
 '* with them, and Arm'd them, after they had 
 " concerted ill Defigns againft us. We have 
 ** done lefs than either the Englijh or French^ 
 " that have ufurp'd the Lands of fo many 
 " Indian Nations, and chafed them from their 
 *' own Country. T^his Belt Preferves my 
 " Words. 
 
 " Hear Tonondio, What I fay is the Voice 
 *' of all the Five Nations. Hear what they 
 ** Anfwer, Open your Ea-s to what they 
 " Speak. The Sennekas, Cayugas^ Onnondagas^ 
 ** Oneydoes and Mohawks fay. That when they 
 " buried the Hatchet at Cadarackui (in the 
 " prefence of your PredecefTor) in the middle 
 " of the Fort, they planted the Tree of 
 " Peace, in the fame place, to be there care- 
 " fully preferved, that, in place of a Retreat 
 " for Soldiers, that Fort might be a Rende- 
 " vouze of Merchants ; that in place of Arms 
 " and Munitions of War, Bevers and Mer- 
 " chandize fhould only enter there. 
 
 " Hear, Tonondio, Take care for the future, 
 " that fo great a Number of Soldiers as ap- 
 
 " pear 
 
 If !l 
 
 ! \ 
 
 {d) Called Sawonons by the French. 
 
 n 
 
 i '. 
 
 "X. 
 
pear 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 89 
 
 pear here do not choak the Tree of Peace 
 planted in fo fmall a Fort. It will be a great 
 Lofs, if after it had fo eafily taken root, 
 you Ihould flop its growth, and prevent its 
 covering your Country and ours with its 
 Branches. I afTurc you, in the Name of 
 the Five Nations, Tliat our Warriors fhall 
 dance to the Calumet of Peace under its leaves, 
 and fhali remain quiet on their Mats, and 
 fhall never dig up the Hatchet till their 
 Brethren, Tonnondio or Corlaer fhall either 
 joyntly or feperately endeavour to attack 
 the Country which the great Spirit has giv- 
 en to our Anceflors. This Belt preferve^ my 
 Words, and this other, the Authority which the 
 Five Nations have given me. 
 Then Garangula addreffing himfelf to Mr. 
 Le Main, faid, 
 
 " Take Courage, Ohqueffc, you have Spirit, 
 '•' Speak, Explain my Words, Forget no- 
 '' thing, Tell all that your Brethren and 
 " Friends fay to Tonnondio, your Governor, 
 " by the Mouth of Garangula, who honours 
 '' you, and defires you to accept of this Pre- 
 " fent of Bever, and take part with me in my 
 *' Feafl, to which I invite you. This Prefent 
 " of Bevers is fent to Tonnondio on the part of 
 " the Five Nations!'' 
 
 When Garangula s Harrangue was explain'd 
 M to 
 
 •i 
 
 

 il 
 
 f'; 
 
 li!' 
 
 
 
 ■■i itU 
 
 i! 
 
 i' 
 
 I 
 
 J 
 
 ) 
 f 
 
 I f 
 
 ! ' r 
 
 hi. 
 
 i 
 
 111 
 
 i^i 
 
 90 Hiftory of the five Chap. IV. 
 
 to Mr. De la Barre, he return'd to his Tent, 
 enraged at what he had heard. 
 
 Garangula^QK^^d the /'>d'«f ^Officers, and then 
 iveturn'd. And Monf. De la Barre fet out in 
 in his way towards Monreal. As Toon as tlie 
 General was embarqued with the few Soldiers 
 that remain'd in Health, the Militia made the 
 befl: of their way to their own Habitations, 
 without any Order or Difcipline. 
 
 Thus a very Chargeable and Fatiguing Ex- 
 pedition (which was to ftrike the Terror of 
 the French Name into the Stubborn Hearts of 
 the Five Nations) ended by a Difpute between 
 the French General and an Old Indian. 
 
 When the Indians came to Albany^ after they 
 had met with Mr. De la Barre, (and were up- 
 braided for it by Coll. uungan) Carachkondie^"^ 
 an Onnondaga, flyly anfwer'd, IVe arejorry, and 
 afiiamed\for now we underji and that the Governor 
 «?/ Canada is not Jo great a Man as the Englifh 
 King that lives on the other fide the great Water ; 
 and we are vexed for having given the Governor of 
 Canadayi? many fine Wampum Belts. 
 
 CHAP, 
 
Part I. 
 
 Indian Nations. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 91 
 
 "The Englifh Attempt to Trade in the Lakes ^ and 
 Mr. De Nonville Attacks the Sennekas. 
 
 ■*::< 
 
 ■jVTOnfieur Le Marquis de Nonville having 
 ^^*' fucceeded Mr. De la Barre, in 1685. 
 and having broug'it a confiderable Reinforce- 
 ment of Soldiers with him, he refolv'd to Re- 
 cover the Honour the French had loft in the 
 laft Expedition, and to Revenge the Slaughter 
 that the Fivo Nations continued to make of the 
 Twihtwiks and Chictaghiks^ who had put them- 
 felves under the Protedlion of the French ; for 
 the Five Nations having entirely fubdued the 
 Chicktaghiks, {e) after a fix years War, they 
 refolv'd next to fall upon the T'lvihtwies, and 
 to call them to an account for the Difturbance 
 they had given fome of the Five Nations in 
 their Bever-hunting. The Five Nations have 
 few or no Bevers in their own Country, and 
 are for that reafon obliged to hunt at a great 
 diftance, which often occafion'd Difputes 
 with their Neighbours about the Property of 
 the Bever, in fome parts of the Country. 
 
 {e) Called Ilinois by the French. 
 
 M 2 
 
 The 
 
 •it' 
 
 'i'f'.: ■ 
 Ml 
 
 m 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 41 
 
r ! 
 
 { i 
 
 )f! i 
 
 92 Hi/lory of the five Chap. V. 
 
 The Bevers are the moft valuable part of the 
 Indian Trade. And as the Twiht-'vies carried 
 their Bever to the French^ tiie En<rli/h favour'd 
 the Five Nations in thefe Expeditions, and par- 
 ticularly in the beginning of the year 1687, 
 made the Five Nations a Prefent of a Barrel of 
 Powder, when their whole Force was pre- 
 pari ng to go agai nft the Twihtwies, The Englijh 
 were the better pleas'd with this War, becaufe 
 they thought it would divert their Thoughts 
 from the Indians that were friends to Virginia :" 
 But the French were refolv'd to Support their 
 Friends more efFcdtually by a powerful Diver- 
 fion, and to change the Seat of the War. 
 
 For this purpofe Mr. De Nonville fent, in 
 Afrtv, 1687, great Quantities of Provifions to 
 Cadarackni F'ort, and gather'd the whole F'orce 
 of Canada to Montreal. His Army confifted of 
 1 500 French of the Regular Troops & Militia, 
 and 500 Indians that lived near Monreal and 
 ^icbeck. 
 
 He fent likewife Orders to the Commandant 
 at MiJfiHmakinak to aflemble all the Nations 
 round him, and to March them to Oniagara^ 
 in order to joyn the Forces of Canada defign'd 
 againft the Sennekas. And the other Officers 
 ported among the Indians Weftward, had the 
 like Orders. 
 
 The Twibtwies receiv'd the Hatchet with 
 joy, from the hands of the French Officer, 
 
 againft 
 
 i '! f 
 

 Part I. Indian Nations. 93 
 
 againft the Five Nations. The Outagamies (/) 
 Kikabous, and Adaskoutiibs" who were not iis'd 
 to Cannoes, were at firft perfwaded to joyn 
 the Twihtwies^ who were to march by Land 
 to Tcuchfagrondiey where there was a French 
 Fort, at which they were to he fupply'd with 
 Ammunition : But after the French Officer 
 left them, the Vtagamies and Masknticks were 
 difTwaded by fome of the Mahikander Indiana, 
 who happen'd to be with a neighbouring Na- 
 tion at that time. 
 
 The Pntewateniies, Malbominies and Piians 
 ofFer'd themfelves willingly, and went to the 
 Rendevouze at Miffilimakinak , where they 
 were receiv'd by the Utawawas with all the 
 Marks of Honour ufually paid to Soldiers, 
 tho' the Utawawas had no inclination to the 
 prefent Enterprize ; they could not tell, how- 
 ever, how to appear againll it, otherwife than 
 by inventing what 13elays they could to pre- 
 vent their Marching." 
 
 In the mean while, a Cannoe arriv'd, which 
 was fent by Mr. Be Nonvilie with his Orders 
 to die Officers. This Cannoe in her Paflage 
 difcover'd fome EngUJh commanded by Major 
 McGrego7'}\ in their way to Teiodon'daraghie. 
 The Engli/h thought (after they had an account 
 
 
 i ■ ■ ■»J 
 •'! ■• 'J 
 
 .1/ .„ 
 
 (/■) The Outagamies, Kihabons, Mnlhominies and Puans 
 live on the Weft fide of Lake Michigan, 
 
 of 
 
 
 1- 'I'i! 
 ,1. f| 
 
I ! 
 
 li.- 
 
 ni 
 
 t i. 
 
 { } •• 
 
 94 Il'tjlory of the five Chap. V. 
 
 of the new Alliance their King had enter'd 
 into with the I-'rciicb) that tiie iM-cncIi would 
 not liilUirl) tlieni in prorecuting a Traile with 
 the Indians every where, ami that the Traile 
 would he ecjuallv tree and (jjxn to both Na- 
 tions. With tlKle hopes a conlulerahle Num- 
 ber of Adventurers, went out uiuler the Con- 
 durt of Major yV/' Cr([^on' to I'rade with the 
 Iiulians living on the lianks of the Lakes ; and 
 that they might he the more wellcome, per- 
 fwaded the J'ivc' Niitio)is to let all the Dioiion- 
 dadie Priioners at Liberty, who went along 
 with the lini^lijh and eomluc'ted them towards 
 i\l!j/i!i)iidki)i(ik(n-rciodo)idord^j^l.>i('. Butthe/'j/i[///// 
 found themfelves milhiken, tor the Froicb 
 Commandant at '■T'cwdo)idorn^hit\ as foon as he 
 had Notice of this, fent joo French to intercept 
 the l\}h^lijh!"' 
 
 {g\ The Utnwmvns and DionoHdadies ha- 
 ving likewife an account of the Fjiglijh^ de- 
 figned to fupport their own Independency, 
 antl to encourage the F.ngHJh Trade. The 
 Return of the Dionondadic Prifoners made 
 that Nation very hearty in favouring the Eng- 
 liJJi^ they therefore marched immediately off, 
 with defign to joyn Major M' Gregory ^ but 
 
 (^^) Hiiloire deLc Amcrique SeptentrionaleparMr.De 
 la Pctcrie, Tome 2. Chap. 16. 
 
 the 
 
 ^1' 
 
ha- 
 
 de- 
 
 ency, 
 
 The 
 
 made 
 
 Eng- 
 
 y off, 
 
 but 
 
 
 Part I. hidian Nations. 95 
 
 the UliiWf'was were- dividcil in their I not illa- 
 tions, their C'liief", ' with ahout thirty more 
 joyn'd the l''rcnch, the red remain'd in fufpencc 
 and (h)od Neuter. 
 
 The LJldivdivdS thus wavering, difeoncert- 
 ed the Meafures of the Dc'ioHondadlcs., tor they 
 began to I'ufpedt the UtuwiiwaSy and therefore 
 immediately return'd to feeure their Wives 
 and Chihl/en they had left near the French Fort 
 with the UtawdWrs. The I'MglijIi anil their 
 Kffedts were fei/ed without any ()j>po(ition, 
 and were canned to the French fort at 'I'eio- 
 dondoravhie. 
 
 The Engl'tJJi brought great Ouantities of 
 Rum with them, (which the Indians love 
 more than their Life) and the French being 
 afraid that if the Indians took to drinking, they 
 would grow ungovernable, did what they 
 could to keep them from it. I'hey were mofl 
 concerned that the Piiteivatemies^ ( who had 
 no knowledge of the F.n^l'iJJi., or of thu be- 
 witching Liquor, and were firmly attached 
 to the French) flioidd not tulle it. 
 
 The Utawawas ftill contrived delays to the 
 March, and having got fome of the Pntewate- 
 mies privately by themfelves, they offered 
 them a Cau of Rum, and faid, " We are all 
 " Bretheren, we ought to make one Body, 
 " and to have one Soul. The French invite us 
 *' to War againft the Five Nations^ with defign 
 
 " to 
 
 
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 I, ; 
 
 *^> J 
 
 
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 i 
 
 M 
 
 ! ' ' 
 
 !lt 
 
 i 
 
 ; i> 
 
 96 Hilary of the five Chap. V. 
 
 to make us Slaves, and that we fhould make 
 our felves the Tools to effedl it. As foon 
 as they fliall have deftroyed the Five Nations^ 
 they will no longer obferve any Meafures 
 with us, but ufe us like thofe Beafts that 
 they tye to their Plows. Let us leave them 
 to themfelves, and they'll never be able to 
 accomplifli any thing againft the Five Na- 
 tions. 
 
 But the Putezvatemies had entertain'd fuch 
 Notions of the French, as made them Deaf to 
 all the Politicks of the UtawnvjasT 
 
 The French however grew Jealous of thefe 
 Caballings,and therefore refolv'd to delay their 
 March no longer, and would not ftay one day 
 more for the Utawawns, who defired only 
 fo much time to Pitch their Canoes, but went 
 away without them. 
 
 Mr. T'onti Commandant among the Chi£iag- 
 hicks met with another Party of the Englijh 
 of about 30 Men in Lake OhJ'wego as he march- 
 ed with the ChiSlaghicks and ^wihtwiks^ and 
 other neighbouring Nations to the General 
 Rendevouze. He fell upon the Engli/h, 
 Plundered them, and took them Prifoners,"" 
 The i'Vtv/f/' divided all the Merchandize among 
 the Indians, but kept the Rum to themfelves 
 and got all drunk. The Deonondadie Prifoners, 
 that Conducted the Engli/h, joyned with the 
 Mihikander Indians that were among Mr. T'onti' s 
 
 Indians 
 
f 
 
 )ners, 
 the 
 
 
 Part I. Indian Nations. 97 
 
 Indians (who had privately diflwaded about 20° 
 of the neighbouring Nations from going 
 along with Tonti) and endeavoured to perfwad^ 
 all the Indians to fall upon the French, whil^ 
 they were drunk, and deftroy them, faying, 
 The French are a Proud, Imperious, Covetous 
 People,that Jell their goods at an extravagant Price : 
 The Engliih are a good Matured, Honeji People, 
 who will furni/Ji you with every thing at reajonable 
 Rates. But thefe arguments were to no pur- 
 pofe, for thefe far Indians had entertained 
 extraordinary Notions of the French Power, 
 and kntw nothing of the Englijh. 
 
 The French and Putewatemies being gone 
 from Te'iodondoraghic, the Utawawas began to 
 be afraid of the French Refentment, and there- 
 fore the better to keep up the colour they had 
 put on their delays, marched over Land with 
 all pofTible expedition, to the general Ren- 
 devouz near Oniagara, where all the French 
 Force, both Cbrifiian and Indian was to meet/' 
 
 TheFiveNations being informed oftheFrcnch 
 Preparations, laid afide their Defigns againft 
 the '■Iwihtwies, and prepared to give the French 
 a warm Reception. Upon this the Prieft at 
 Onnondaga'" left them, and their Soldiers came 
 to Albany to provide Ammunition. The 
 CommilTioners made thein a Prefent of a 
 confiderable quantity of Powder and Lead, 
 befides what they purchafed. They were 
 
 N under 
 
 >••' 
 ^'^: 
 
 ■ ■'I 
 
 I-* !^ 
 
 r- 
 
 .,, 
 
 m 
 
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I' 
 
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 11* 
 
 > 1 
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 ! 
 
 ; it ■ 
 
 1 
 i i 
 
 98 Hijlory ofthefii- Chap. V. 
 
 under a great deal of Concern when they took. 
 
 leave of the Commiflioners, and faid, " Since 
 we are to exped np other Aflirtance from 
 our Brethren, we muft recommend our 
 Wives and Children to you , who will fly 
 to you, if any Misfortune fhall happen to 
 us. It may be we fliiall never fee you more ; 
 for we are refolved to behave fo as our 
 Brethren fliall have no reafon to be afha- 
 med of us." 
 We mufl: now return to Mr. De Nonvilles 
 
 Army. 
 
 Monf. Champigni marched eight or ten Days 
 before the reft of the Army, with between two 
 and three hundred Canadiens. As foon as they 
 arriv'd at Cadarackui^ they furprized two Vil- 
 lages of the Five Nations^ that were fettled 
 about eight Leagues from that Place, to pre- 
 vent their giving any intelligence to their own 
 Nation of the French Preparations, or the 
 State of the French Army, as it was fuppofed 
 they did in the laft Expedition under Mr. De 
 la Barre. Thefe People were furprifed when 
 they leaft expeded, and by them from whom 
 they fear'd no harm, becaufe they had fettled 
 there at the Invitation and on the Faith of the 
 French, They were carried in cold Blood to 
 the Fort, and tyed to Stakes to be tormented 
 
 by 
 
 V. 
 
Part I. Indian Nations. gg 
 
 by the French Indians [Chrifiians, as they call 
 them) while they continued Tinging in their 
 Country manner, and upbraiding the French 
 with their Perfidy and Ungratitude. But 
 the French Policy had no Compaflion on thefe 
 Miferable People, when they were refolved 
 to deftroy their whole Nation." 
 
 While Mr. Be Nonville was at Cadarackui 
 Fort, he had an Account that the Chicktaghiks 
 and Twihtwies waited for the b^iatoghies and 
 Utawawas at (^) Lake St. Clair', with whom 
 they de'fign'd to March to the general Rende- 
 vouz at the Mouth of the Sennekas River. For 
 this Expedition was chiefly defign'd againft 
 the Sennekas, who had abfolutely refufed to 
 meet Mr. De la Barre, and were moft firmly 
 attached to the EngliJIi. The Sennekas for this 
 reafon were defign'd to be made Examples of 
 the French Refentment to all the other Nations 
 of Indians. 
 
 The Meflenger having afilired the General, 
 that it was time to depart, in order to meet 
 the Weft;ern Indians, that came to his Afiifiance, 
 he fet out the 23d of June, and fent one part 
 of his Army in Canoes, along the North 
 Shoar, while he with the other part pafled 
 along the South, that no accidents of wind 
 
 
 (^) In the Streights between 
 ^atoghie Lake, 
 
 N 2 
 
 Ohfzcego Lake and 
 
 might 
 
 i. 
 
 •ri .• , 
 
 li 
 
 ■4 
 
I . I 
 
 lOO Hiftory of the five Chap. V. 
 
 might prevent the one or the other reaching 
 vvithi n the time appoi nted at thePhice x.\\^lndiims 
 were to meet him. It happened, by reafonof the 
 good weather that both the Parties arrived on 
 the fame day, and joyned the Weftern 
 Indians at Irondcqiiaty As foon as the men 
 were put on flioar, they hawled up theCanoes, 
 and began a Fort, where 400 Men were left to 
 guard the Canots, and the Baggage. Here a 
 young (uinadicn was fliot to death, as a Deferter, 
 for conducing the lin^lijli into the Lakes, tiio' 
 the two Natior.s were not only at Peace, but 
 their Kings in ftrirter Kriendfliip than ufual. 
 But this Piece of feverity is not to be wonder'd 
 at, when the French were refolved to under- 
 take an unjuft War, and every thing to put a 
 ftop to the EnvUjh Trade, which now began to 
 extend it felf far into the Continent, and would 
 in its confequence ruin theirs. The next day 
 the Armv began to march towards the chief 
 Village of the Scnnekns^ which was only feven 
 Leagues diftant, every man carrying ten 
 Biskets for his Provihon. The Indian Tra- 
 ders made the Van with part of the 
 Indians^ the other part marched in the Rear, 
 while the Regular Troops and Militia 
 compos'd the main Body. TheArmy marched 
 four Leagues the firft day, without difeovering 
 any thing. The next day the fcouts advanced 
 before the Army, as far as the corn Fields of 
 
 the 
 
'I' ■ . A 
 
 Parti. Itidian Nations. loi 
 
 the Village, without feeing an/ body, tho 
 they paiTed within Piftol (hot o^ ^oo Sennekas, 
 that lay on their Bellies, and let them pafs and 
 repafs, without difturbing them. 
 
 On the Report which they made, the French 
 Marched with much haftc, but little Order, in 
 hopes to overtake the Women, Children and 
 Old Men ; for they no longer doubted of all 
 bein£ led. But as foon as the i'V<?«f/^ reached the 
 foot of a Hill, about a quarter of a League 
 from the Village, the Sennekas suddenly rais'd 
 the War-fhout, with a Difcharge of their 
 Fire-Arms. This put the Regular Troops, as 
 well as the Militia into fuch a Fright, as they 
 marched through the Woods, that the Bat- 
 talions immediately divided, and run to the 
 Right and Left, and in the Confufion tired 
 upon one another. When the Sennekc,: per- 
 ceived their Diforder, they fell in among them 
 Pell-mell, till the French Indians^ more ufed 
 to fuch Fights, gathered together and Re- 
 pulfed the Sennekas. There were (according 
 to t\\Q French Accounts) a hundred French-men, 
 ten French Indians, and about fourfcore6V««^^(3j 
 kill'd in this Rencounter. 
 
 Mr. De Nonvelle was fo dif-fpirited with the 
 Fright that his Men had been put into, that 
 his Indians could not perfwade him to purfue. 
 He halted the remainder of that Day. The 
 next day he Marched on with defign to burn 
 
 the 
 
 Wt 
 
 I" 
 
 
 I 
 
I02 Hiftory of the five Chap. V. 
 
 the Village, but when he came there, he 
 found the Sennekas had faved hira the trouble ; 
 for they had laid all in Afhes before they Re- 
 tired ; Two Old Men only were found in the 
 Caftle, who were cut into Pieces and boyled 
 to make Soop for the French Allies. The 
 French ftaid five or fix Days to deftroy their 
 Corn, and then marched to two other Villages, 
 at two or three Leagues diftance. After they 
 had perform'd the like Exploits in thofe Places 
 they return'd to the Banks of the Lake.'* 
 
 Before the French left the Lakes, they built 
 a Fort of four Baftions at Oniagara, on the 
 South fide of the Streights, between Ohjwego 
 Lake and Cadarackui Lake^ and left a hundred 
 Men, with eight Months Provifions in 
 it. But this Garrifon was fo clofely blockt 
 up by the Five Nations , that they all dy'd of 
 Hunger, except i^&vtn or eight, who were ac- 
 cidentally reliev'd by a Party oi French Indians^" 
 
 The Weftern Indians when they parted 
 from the French General, made their Har- 
 rangues, as ufual, in which they told him 
 with what Pleafure they faw a Fort fo well 
 placed to favour their Defigns againft the 
 Five Nations , and that they Relied on his 
 never Finifhing the War but with the 
 Deftrudlion of the Five Nations^ or Force- 
 ing them to abandon their Country. He 
 affured them, that he would ad: with fuch 
 
 Vigour 
 
Part I. Indian Nations. 103 
 
 Vigour that they would foon fee the Five 
 Nations driven into the Sea. 
 
 He fent a Detachment of Soldiers to Teio- 
 dondoraghie, and in his Return to Canada, which 
 was by the North fide of the Lake, he left 
 the fame Number of Men and Quantity of 
 Provifions at Cadarackui Fort. 
 
 The French having got nothing but dry 
 Blows, fent thirteen of the Indians that they 
 furprized at Cadarackui, to France, as Trophies 
 of their Vidory, where they were put into 
 the Galleys, as Rebels to their King 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 Coll. Dongan'j Advice to the Indians. AdarioV 
 Enterprize, and Montreal Sacked by the Five 
 Nations. 
 
 
 m 
 
 /^Oll. Dongan, who always had the Indian 
 ^^ Affairs very much at heart, met the Five 
 Nations at Albany as foon as poflible after the 
 French Expedition, and fpoke to them on the 
 5th o{ Auguft, in the following words, viz. 
 
 Brethren ; 
 
 " T Am very glad to fee you 
 ** •*■ Houfe, and am heartily \ 
 
 here in this 
 
 glad that you 
 
 " have 
 
 m 
 
 
 
il 
 
 ' 'I 
 
 ( * 'J 'I 
 
 , ^ i: If 
 
 j i '■> '! 
 
 I' " 
 
 i ■ 1 
 
 
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 ii 
 
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 'I I • 
 
 '•! ■ I 
 
 V I: 
 I, 'I i 
 
 ill 
 
 (( 
 
 1 04 Hijiory of the five Chap. VI. 
 
 ** have fuftain'd no greater lofs by the Frencby 
 " tho' I believe it was their Intention to de- 
 " ftroy you all, if they could have furpriz'd 
 " you in your Caftles. 
 
 " As foon as I heard of their defin to War 
 " with you, I gave you Notice, and came up 
 " hither my felf, that I might be ready to give 
 " all the AfTiftance and Advice that fo fhort a 
 *' time would allow me. 
 
 " I am now about fending a Gentleman to 
 '' England^ to the King, my Mafter, to let 
 *' him know, that the French have invaded 
 his Territories on this fide the great 
 Lake, and War'd upon the Brethren, his 
 Subjed:s. I would therefore willingly 
 know, whether the Brethren have given 
 the Governor of Canada any Provocation 
 or not ; and if they have, how, and in what 
 manner, because I am oblig'd to give a 
 " true account of this matter. This bufinefs 
 " may caufe a War between the King of 
 " England and the French King, both in Europe 
 " and here, and therefore I muft know the 
 " Truth. 
 
 I know the Governor of Cananda dare not 
 " enter into the great King of England!^ 
 " Territories, in a Hoftile manner, without 
 " Provocation, if he thought the Brethren 
 " were the King of England^ Subjeds ; But 
 " you having two or three years ago, made a 
 
 " Covenant 
 
 (( 
 
 (< 
 
r. H 
 
 Parti. Indian Nations. icc^ 
 
 ** Covenant Chain with the French, contrat) 
 *' to my Command, (which I knew could 
 ** not hold long) being void of it felf among 
 " the Chriftians\ for as much as Subjeds (as 
 *' you are) ought not to treat with any Fo- 
 " reign Nation," it not lying in your Power, 
 " have brought this Trouble upon your felves, 
 ** and, as I believe, is the only reafon of their 
 falling upon you at is time. 
 " Brethren, I took .• v y ill, that after you 
 had put your feb s i: the Number of 
 the great King <-•■ I'lgland's Subjedls, that 
 you (hould ever c^er to make Peace or 
 War without mv coiifent. You know that 
 we can live wi >'i, you, bat you cannot 
 live without us. /ou never found that I 
 told you a Lie, and I did offer you Afllft- 
 ance as you wanted, provided that you 
 would be advifed by me ; for I know the 
 French better than any of you do. 
 " Now fince there is a War begun upon 
 you by the Governor of Canada, I hope 
 without any Provocation by you given,' I 
 defire and command you, that you hearken 
 to no Treaty but by my Advice, which if 
 you follow, you fliall have the Benefit of 
 the great Chain of Friend/hip between the 
 great King of England and the French King, 
 which came out of England the other day, 
 and which I have fent to Canada by Anthony 
 
 O Le 
 
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 1 06 Hilary of the five Chap. VI. 
 
 ** Z,(? Junard\* In the mean time I w.ll give 
 " you fuch Advice as will be for your good, 
 ** and will fupply you with fuch Neceflarys 
 *' as you will have need of. 
 
 " Firft^ My Advice is, that as many Pri- 
 '* foners of the French^ as you fhall take, that 
 " you draw not their Blood, but bring them 
 " home and keep them to Exchange for your 
 " People, which they have Prifoners already 
 '* or may take hereafter. ' 
 
 " idly^ That if it be Poffible, that you can 
 "order it fo, I would have you take one or 
 " two of your wifeft Sachems, and one or 
 " two chief Captains of each Nation, to be 
 " a Council to manage all Affairs of theWar. 
 " They to give Orders to the reft of the 
 *' Officers what they are to do, that your 
 " defigns may be kept Private, for after it 
 " comes among fo many People, it is Blazed 
 ** abroad, and your defigns are often fruftrated. 
 " And thofe chief Men to keep a Corre- 
 *' fpondence with me, by a Trufty MefTen- 
 " ger. 
 
 " Z^b-> Now the Great matter under 
 " Confederation with the Brethren, is, how 
 " to ilrengthen themfelves, and weaken your 
 " Enemy. My Opinion is, that the Brethren 
 " fhould fend MefTengers to the Utawawas^ 
 " 'Twihtwichs^ and the farther Indians^ and to 
 " fend back likewife fome of the Prifoners of 
 
 " thefe 
 
 ;; \ 
 
 ' * 
 
Part I. Indian Nations. 107 
 
 thefe Nations, if any you have left, to 
 bury the Hatchet, and to make a Covenant 
 Chain, that they may put away all the 
 French that are among them, and that you 
 will open a Path for them this way, Thev 
 being the King of England's Subjedts liice- 
 wife, only the /''r^wf/^ have been admitted to 
 Trade with them, for all that the French have 
 in Canada, they had it of the Great King of 
 England,'" that by that Means they may come 
 hither freely where they may have every 
 thing Cheaper than among the French. 
 That you and they may joyn together againft 
 the French, and make fo firm a League that 
 whoever is an Enemy to one, muft be to 
 both. 
 
 " \thly. Another thing of Concern is, that 
 you ought to do what you can to open a 
 Path forall t\iQNorthIndians7indMahikanders" 
 that are among the Utawawas and farther 
 Nations: I will endeavour to do the fame, 
 to bring them home; for they not daring 
 to return home your way, the French keep 
 them there on purpofe to joyn with the 
 farther Nations againft you, for your Deftru- 
 dion; for you know, that one of them is 
 worfe than fix of the others. The»-efore all 
 means muft be ufed to bring them Home, 
 and ufe them kindly as they pafs through 
 your Country. 
 
 O 2 5thly, 
 
 " "n 
 
 \ -1 
 
 
 
 ;!:i 
 
 '11 
 
! S 
 
 (( 
 
 C( 
 
 <( 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 1 08 Hijiory of the five Chap. VI. 
 
 " ^tbly. My Advice further is, That Mef- 
 ** fengers go in behalf of all the Five Nations, 
 " to the C h r iji i a ft Indians at Canada, 
 
 to perfwade them to come Home to their 
 
 Native Country, and to promife them 
 ** all Protedion. This will be another great 
 
 means to weaken your Enemy; but if they 
 ' will not be advifed, you know what to do 
 
 * with them.'" 
 
 *' (>thly, I think it very neceflary for the 
 
 * Brethrens Security and AfTiftance, and to 
 the endamaging the French, to build a Fort 
 upon the Lake, where I may keep Stores 
 and Provifions in cafe of neceifity ; and 
 
 ** therefore I would have the Brethren let me 
 ** know what Place will be moft convenient 
 " for it. 
 
 " 'jthly, I would not have the Brethren keep 
 " their Corn in their Caftles, as I hear the 
 *' Onnondagas do, but to bury it a great way in 
 ** the Woods, where few People may know 
 " where it is, for fear of fuch an Accident as 
 ** has happen'd to the Sennekas. 
 
 ** %thly, I have given my Advice in your 
 " General Aflembly by Mr. Dirk Wejfels and 
 " Akus the Interpreter, how you are to manage 
 *' your Partys, and how neceflary it is to get 
 " Prifoners, to exchange for your own Men 
 " that are Prifoners with /he French. And I 
 ** am glad to hear that the Brethren are fo 
 ** United, as Mr. Dirk Wejfels tells me you 
 
 ** are 
 
 II 
 
Part I. Indian Nations. 109 
 
 '* are, and that there are no Rotten Members 
 " nor French Spyes among you. 
 
 " (.jiiny, The Brethren may remember my 
 Advice which I fent you this Spring, Not 
 to go to Cadarackui ; if you had, they would 
 have ferv'd you as they did your People 
 who came from Hunting thither; tor I 
 " told you then, that I knew the French better 
 " than you did. 
 
 " lothly. There was no Advice or Propo- 
 " fuion that I made to the Brethren, all the 
 " time that the Prielt liv'd at Ononda^a^ but 
 " what he wrote to Canada, as I found by one 
 " of his Letters, which he gave to an Indian 
 " to carry to Canada, but was brought hither. 
 " Therefore 1 defire the Brethren not to re- 
 " ceive him or any French Priejls any more, 
 " having fent for F.ng'iijh Priejls, with whom 
 " you may be fupply'd to your Content." 
 
 *' II. 1 would have the Brethren look out 
 " (harp for fear of being furprifed. 1 be- 
 " lieve all the Streni-jth of the French will be 
 " at their Frontier iMaces, viz. at Cadarackui 
 and Onia'iara, where they build a Fort now, 
 and at Trois Rivieres, Mon.'real and Chambly. 
 " 12. Let me put you in mind again, not 
 to make any Treatys without my Means, 
 which will be more Advantagious for you, 
 than your doing it by your felves, for then 
 " you will be look'd upon as the King of 
 
 " England"^ 
 
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 no Hijlory of the five Chap. VI. 
 
 " England's Subjects. And let me know, from 
 " time to time, every thing that is done. 
 
 " Thus far I have fpoken to you relating to 
 " the War. 
 
 Then he chid them for their Breach of Faith 
 with Virginia. He told them, that he was in- 
 form'd that laft Spring they had kill'd a fine 
 Gentleman, with fome others, and that a 
 Party of the Oneydoes was now there at the 
 head oijames^^ River , with intention to deftroy 
 all the Indians there-about. They had taken 
 fix Prifoners, whom he order'd them to bring 
 to him, to be Reftored ; and that for the 
 future they fhould defifl: from doing any In- 
 jury to the People of Virginia or their Indians, 
 otherwife all the Englijh would unice to de- 
 ft;roy them. But at the fame time he free'd 
 the Sennckas from any blame, and commended 
 them as a brave and honeft People, who never had 
 done any thing contrary to his Orders, except in 
 making that unlucky Peace with the French three 
 years a go. 
 
 Lajlly, He recommended to them, Not to 
 fufier their People to be Drunk, during the 
 War: A Soldier thereby (he faid) loofes his 
 Reputation, bccaufe of the Advantages it will 
 give the Enemy over him. 
 
 This honefl: Gentleman earneftly purfued 
 the Interefl: of his Country; but, it feems, 
 his Meafures were not agreeable to thofe his 
 
 M after 
 
 ii 
 
 ii„ 
 
1 1 
 
 P^''t I- Indian Nations. 1 1 1 
 
 Mafter had taken with the French King ; for 
 he had Orders to procure a Peace for the 
 French, and was foon after this Removed from 
 his Government. Indeed fuch an Adive, as 
 well as Prudent Governor of New-Tork, could 
 not be acceptable to the French, who had the 
 Univerfal Monarchy in view, in America as 
 well as in Europe. 
 
 Coll. Bnngan\ MefTage to Mr. Be Nonviile 
 at a time when the Crowns of England and 
 France had fo lately entred into a ftrid Friend- 
 fliip, had, no doubt, fome Influence on the 
 French Governor. But the little Succefs he 
 had in his Expenfive and Dangerous Expe- 
 dition, together with the Obftrudlion that the 
 French Trade met with from the War, inclin'd 
 him more effeftually to Propofals of Peace, 
 which Coll. Dongan was forced to make, and 
 the Five Nations to yxald to : Fornotwithftand- 
 ing Coll. Dongan s Advice to them, as above 
 related, he by his Mafters Orders (who was 
 entirely devoted to Bigotry and the French 
 Intereft) obliged the Five Nations to agre; to 
 a Ceffation of Arms, and to deliver up their 
 Prifoners without any Conditions, in order 
 to obtain a Peace on fuch Terms as the French 
 fhould agree to. And that no Accident might 
 prevent, Mr. De Nonviile fent his Orders to all 
 his Officers in the Indian Countrys to obferve a 
 Ceflation of Arms till the Ambafladors of the 
 
 Five 
 
 ... rV: 
 
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 M 
 
 'V- 
 
 
il 
 
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 tilf 
 
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 ii \ 
 
 112 Hijiory of the five. Chap. VI. 
 
 FiveNations Ihould meet him atMontreal,as they 
 had given him reafon to expedl in a little time, 
 to conclude the Peace in the ufual Form."' 
 
 In the mean time, Adario, the chief of the 
 Deonondadies, finding that his Nation was be- 
 come fufpedled by the French, fmce the time 
 they had fhown fo much Inclination to the 
 Englijh when they attempted to Trade at Miffi- 
 limakinak , Refolved by fome brave Adion 
 againft the Five Nations to recover the good 
 Graces of the French. 
 
 For this Purpofe he Marched from Mijfili- 
 makinak at the head of a hundred Men ; and 
 that he might adl with more Security, he took 
 Cadarackui Fort in his wav for Intelligence: 
 The Commandant informed him, that Mr. 
 De Nonvillc was in hopes of concluding a 
 Peace with the Five Nations, ^nd expelled their 
 EmbaiTadors in eight or ten days at Montreal 
 for that purpofe, and therefore defired him to 
 return to MiJfiUmakinak without attempting 
 any thing that might Obftrud: fo good a 
 Defign. 
 
 The Indian being furprized with this News, 
 was under great Concern for his Nation, 
 which he was afraid would be facrificed to 
 the French Refentment or Intereft, but diflem- 
 bled his Concern before the French Officer. 
 He went from Cadarackui^ not to return home 
 as the Commandant thought, but to wait for 
 
 the 
 
 t. 
 
Part I. Indian Nations. 113 
 
 the Ambajfadors of the 5 Nations near one of 
 the Falls of Cadarackui Rive?', by which he knew 
 they muft pafs. He did not lurk there above 
 tour or five days before the unhappy Deputies 
 came guarded by forty young Soldiers, who 
 were all furprifed & kill'd or taken Prifoners. 
 As foon as the Prifoners were all fecured, the 
 cunning Deonondadie told them" That he having 
 " been enformed by the Governor of Canada, 
 " That Fifty Warriors of their Nation were 
 " to pafs this way about this time, he had 
 " fecured this Pafs, not doubting of inter- 
 " cepting them. 
 
 TheAmbaffadors being much furpris'd with 
 the French Perfidy, told Adario the Defign of 
 their Journey, who, the better to play his part, 
 feem'd to grow Mad and Furious, declaiming 
 againfl: Mr. DeNonville, and faid. He would, fome 
 'Time or other be Revenged of htm for making a 
 Tool of him to commit fuch horridTreachery. Then 
 looking fl:edfiiftly on the Prifoners (among 
 whom DekaneJ'ora was the Principal Ambaflii- 
 dor) Adario faid to them. Go my Brethren, I 
 Unty your Bonds, and fend you Home again, tho 
 our Nations be at War; The French Governor has 
 made me commit Jo black an ARion, tha^ 1 /hall 
 never be eajy after it till your Five Nations /hall 
 have taken full Vengeance. 
 
 This was fufficient to perfwade the Ambaf- 
 fadors of the Truth of what he faid, who 
 
 P aflured 
 
 !:;.!« 
 
 m 
 
H 
 
 ^'1 
 
 i III 
 
 (i: 
 
 f i 
 
 ■ 
 
 ti 
 
 ■H 
 
 I 
 
 it 
 
 
 i1 
 
 i't 
 
 'J::; 
 
 r 
 I' 
 
 114 Hijiory of the five Chap. VI. 
 
 afTured him, That he and his Nati-jii might 
 make their Peace when they pleafed. Adario 
 loft only one Man on this occafion. and would 
 keep a Satana Slave, (adopted into the Five 
 Nations) tc fill up his place. Then he gave 
 Arms, Powder and Ball to the reft of the Pri- 
 foners, to enable them to Return. 
 
 The AmbafTadors were chiefly if not all, 
 Onnondagas and Oneydoes, who had been long 
 under the influence of the French Priejis, and 
 ftill retain'd an Affef^ion to them ; but this 
 Adventure throughly changed their thoughts, 
 and irritated them fo heartily apainft the French 
 that all the Five Nations froja this time profe- 
 cuted the War unanimoi.fly. 
 
 Adario deliver'd the Slave (his Prifoner) to 
 the French at MiffilimaKinak , who to keep up 
 the Enmity between the Dsonondadies and the 
 Five Nations, order'd him to be fliot to Death. 
 As they carried him out, lie related the whole 
 of the Aftion, but the French thinking that he 
 had only contrived it to fave his Life, had 
 no rega. .i to it, till the fatal Confequences 
 caird h.'.; Dying Words to their Remembrance, 
 with forrowful Refledlions. 
 
 The fame Day that the Satana was ftiot, 
 Adario call'd one of the Five Nations, who had 
 been long a Prifoner, to be an Eye-witnefs of 
 his Country-mans Death, then bid him make 
 his Efcape to his own Country, to give an 
 
 Account 
 
 .;-• 
 
 : '3 
 ,( 1 
 
 
Parti. Indian Nations. iii, 
 
 Account of the French Cruelty, from which 
 it was not in his Power to fave a Prifoner he 
 himfelf had taken."' 
 
 This heighten'dthe Raf^e of the Five Nations, 
 fo that Mr. De Nonvi//es fending to difown 
 Adario (m) in this Adion, had no efFed upon 
 them: Their Breafts admitted of no thought 
 but that of Revenge. It was not 
 not long before the French felt the Bloody 
 effeds oi'this cruel Fa^ion ; for 1200 Men of 
 the Five Nations invaded the iHand of Montreal 
 when the French had no fufpicion of any fuch 
 Attempt, while Mr. De Nonville and his Lady 
 were in that Town. They Landed on the 
 fouth fide of the Ifland at La Chine, on the 
 iGth of July, 1688. where they burnt r.nd 
 facked all the Plantations, and made a terrible 
 Maffacre of Men, Women and Children. The 
 French were under apprehenfion of the Town's 
 being attacked, foi which reafon thev lurft 
 not fend out any confiderable Party to .he 
 Relief of the Country, till the India;-., had 
 blocked up two Forts, wiien Mr. Be A: ■ ville 
 fent out a hundred Soldiers and fifty Indirais 
 to try to bring off the men, The French of 
 this Party were ail ei- er taken or cut to 
 pieces, except one Soldier and the Command- 
 ing Officer, who was carried off by twelve 
 Indians that made their efcape, after he had 
 his Thigh broke. There was above a Thou- 
 
 7 
 
 ! till 
 
 ■i;-'-^' 
 
 p 2 
 
 fand 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
i! 
 
 t' f 
 
 I- 
 
 ii6 Hijiory of the five Chap. VI 
 
 fand of the French kill'd at this time, and 
 Twenty fix were carried away Prifoners, the 
 greateft part of which Vvcre burnt alive. The 
 Five Nations only loft three Men in this Ex- 
 pedition, that got Drunk, and were left be- 
 hind. This, however, did not fatiate their 
 Thirft after Blood; for in (J^ober following 
 they deftroy'd likewife all the lower part of 
 the I (land, and carried away many Prifoners."' 
 
 The Confequences of thele Expeditions 
 were very dilhial to the French^ for they were 
 forced to burn their two Barks which they 
 had on Cadarackui Lake^ and to abandon their 
 Fort there. They delign'd to have blown up 
 their Works when thev left that place, and 
 for that end left a lighted Match where the 
 Powder lay, but were in fuch a Fright, that 
 they durft not ftay to fee what effed: it had. 
 They went down Cadarackui River^ in feven 
 Birch Canoes, and for greater Security travel'd 
 in the Night. One of the Canoes with all 
 the men in it was loft by their Precipitation, 
 as they pafled one of the Falls of that River. 
 The Five Nations hearing that the French had 
 deferted Cadarackui Fort, co Indians went and 
 took Pofteftion of it, who found the Match 
 the French had left, which had gone out, and 
 28 Barrils of Powder in the fame place, toge- 
 ther with feveral other Stores." 
 
 The News of the Succefs the Five Nations 
 
 had 
 
 til 
 
 if. 
 
 '■' 11. 
 
 % 
 
 
Part I . Indian Nations. 1 1 7 
 
 had over the French^ foon fpread itfclf among 
 all the Indians^ and put the French Affairs every 
 where into terrible Diforder. 
 
 The Utawaivas had always fhown an Incli- 
 nation to the Englijh^ and they therefore im- 
 mediately fent openly four Sachems with 
 three Prifoncrs of the Scnnckas that they had, 
 to allure them, That they would forever Re- 
 nounce all Friendfliip with the French^ and 
 promifed to Reftore the reft of the Prifoners. 
 They alfo included {qvqw Nations that liv'd 
 near MiJfiUmakinak , in this Peace, 
 
 This put the French commandant there un- 
 der the greateft Difficulty to maintain his 
 Poft ; but there was no Choice, he muff ftand 
 his Ground ; for the Five Nations had cut off 
 all hopes of Retiring. 
 
 The Ncpcciriniens and Kikabous^ of all their 
 Numerous Allies, only remain'd firm to the 
 French^ every one of the others endeavour'd to 
 gain the Friendfliip of the c^Nations^ and would 
 certainly have done it, by Maffacreing all 
 the French among them, if the Sieur Perot had 
 not with wonderful Sagacity and imminent 
 Hazard to his own Perfon diverted them, for 
 which Canada cannot do too much Honour to 
 that Gentlemans Memory/" 
 
 Canada was now in a moft Miferable Con- 
 dition ; for while the greateft Nurober of their 
 Men had been employ'd in the Expeditions 
 
 againft 
 
 II* 
 
 '■i 
 
■■MM^iSwiMttHUM 
 
 ll 
 
 f' ! 
 
 ii8 Hiftory of the five Chap. VI-. 
 
 againft the 7*71;^ A^f^z/owj-, and in Trading among 
 t\\Q far Nations^ and making New Difcoveries 
 and Settlements, Tillage and Hudxmdry had 
 been negleded ; now they loft feveral Thou- 
 fands of their Inhabitants by the continual 
 Incurfions of fmall Parties, fo that nonedurft 
 hazard themfelv^es out of the Fortified Places. 
 Indeed, it is not eafie to conceive what Diftrefs 
 the French were then under; for tho' they 
 were almoft every where ftarving, they could 
 not Plant nor Sow, or go from one Village to 
 another for Relief, but with imminent Danger 
 of having their Scalps carried away by the 
 Sculking Indians. At laft the whole Country 
 being laid W^afte, Famine began to rage, and 
 was like to have put a Miferable End to that 
 Colony. 
 
 If the Indians had underftood the method 
 of attacking Forts, nothing could have pre- 
 ferved the French from an entire Deftrudion 
 at this time. For whoever confiders the 
 ftate of the Indian Affairs during this Period, 
 How the Five Nations were divided in their 
 Sentiements and Meafures ; The Onnon- 
 dagaSy CayugaSy and OneydoeSy under the In- 
 fluence of the French Jefuits, were diverted 
 from profecuting the War with Canada^ by 
 the Jefuits cunningly fpiriting up thofe three 
 Nations againft the Virginia Indians^ and per- 
 fwading them to fend out their Parties that 
 
 way 
 
 I! '. ' 
 
 I : 
 
Parti. Indian Nations. up 
 
 way : The Sennekas had a War at the fame time 
 upon theii hands with three numerous Indian 
 Nations, the Vtawawas, Chicktaghicks and 
 Twihtwies',-: And the Meafures the Englijh ob- 
 ferved with the French all King James s, Reign, 
 gave the Indians rather grounds of Jealoufy 
 than AfTiftance. I fay, whoever confiders all 
 thefe things, and what the Five Nations did 
 adually perform under all thefe Difadvantages 
 againft the FrenJj, will hardly doubt that the 
 Five Nations by themfelves were at that time an 
 over Match for the French o^ C A N A D A. 
 
 The End of the Firft Part, 
 
 Vu ■ 
 
 La lie partie e 1' edit ion de 
 1755 (3e) est compriso dans le \^v 
 vol.; et compos'ie de XIII chai)itres 
 et de documents y-reproduits (pp. 
 217-260) . 
 
 Le lie volume comprend exclusi- 
 venient des pieces et documents, 
 traitos, etc., pp.251. 
 
 m 
 
V 
 
 :"» 
 
^^^'^^'^'^^W'^^^^^''^ 
 
 *;^s 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 (i) William Burnet, the Governor to whom 
 Dr. Golden dedicates his hiltory, and within whofe 
 province it was written and publilhed, was a fon of 
 the famous Bilhop of Salifl)iirv. 
 
 He had been Comptroller of the Cultoms in 
 London, a poll: worth £1,200 per annum, but lofing 
 heavilv in South Sea fpeculations, effedted a fort of 
 exchange with Governor Hunter, hoping to retrieve 
 his fortunes in America. 
 
 He was appointed Governor of New York and 
 New Jerfey in April, 1720 (N. Y. Gol. Doc. v. 
 586), and publilhed his Commiflion in New York 
 September 17, and at North Amboy, N. J., Sep- 
 tember 22. 
 
 He at once became popular by his manners. " A 
 man of fenfe and polite breeding," fays Smith, " a 
 well-read fcholar, fprightly and of a focial difpofi- 
 tion. Being devoted to his books he abllaincd from 
 all thofe excelFes into which his pleafurable rclifh 
 would otherwile have plunged him. He ftudied the 
 arts of recommending himfelf to the people, had 
 nothing of the moro'enefs of a scholar, was gay and 
 condefcending, aftedled no pomp, but vifited every 
 family of reputation, and often diverted himfelf in 
 free converfe with tb^ ladies." 
 
 He feems, indeed, to have found New York fociety 
 and ladies fo pleafing that before he had been a year 
 
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122 Notes. 
 
 inftalled he married Anna Maria, daughter of Abra- 
 ham Van Horn, an eminent merchant and fubfequently 
 member of the Colonial Council. 
 
 As a Governor he was one of the beft that ever 
 vifited New York in colonial times. To limit 
 the power of the French on the North and Weft he 
 faw to be eflential to the wealth and progrefs of 
 New York. The French in Canada poUeired great 
 influence at the Weft through their extenfive trade, 
 the goods being, however, frequently Englifti fabrics 
 furnifhed from the colony of New York. Burnet 
 fought to break up this trade, and dire£t the energies 
 of New York to the opening of diredt channels of 
 commerce with the Wcftern Indians. With this 
 view he erected a trading poft at Ofwcgo in 1722, 
 attracted the Weftern tribes to join the Five Nations, 
 exerted himfelf to defeat the f'rench in their project 
 of a fort at Niagara, and finally, in 1727, replaced 
 his trading houfe at Ofwego by a fort. 
 
 " The exceflive love of money, a difeafe common 
 to all his '- redecelFors, and to fome who fucceeded 
 him," fays Smith, " was a vice from which he was 
 entirely free. He fold no offices, nor attempted to 
 raife a fortune by indirect means ; for he lived 
 generoufly, and carried fcarce anything away with 
 him but his books. Thefe were to him inexhauft- 
 ible sources of delight. His aftronomical obfer- 
 vations have been ufeful ; but by his Comment on 
 the Apocalypfe he expofed himfelf, as other learned 
 men have before him, to tho criticifms of thofe who 
 have notability to write half fo well." — (Hift. Pro- 
 vince of New York. London, 1757, pp. 172-3.) 
 
 He was fuperfeded by the appointment of John 
 Montgomery, Efq., Governor of New York, Auguft 
 
 12, 
 
 
I 
 
 >1 
 
 Notes. 1 23 
 
 12, 1727 (N. Y. Col. Doc. V. 823), and delivered 
 the great feals to that gentleman April 15, 1728. 
 
 His removal from this congenial pofition was not 
 his onlv afflidion : about the fame time he loft his 
 wife, and, thus bereaved and difappointed, proceeded 
 to Bofton to alFume the difficult poft of Governor 
 of MalFachufetts. " His fuperior talents and free 
 and eafv manner of communicating his fentiments 
 made him the delight of men of fenfe and learning," 
 fays Mr. Hutchinfon (Hift. of Maflachufetts, vol. ii. 
 ch. 3) ; but this was not enough. His fliort career 
 in Malfachufetts was as unpleafant as that in New 
 York had been agreeable. A long ftruggle with the 
 General Court embittered his days, and the excite- 
 ment produced upon him feems to have undermined 
 his health. After adjourning the Court to meet in 
 Cambridge in Auguft, 1729, he fell fick at Bofton, 
 and died September 7, 1729. The Court which 
 refufed him a falary gave him a pompous funeral. 
 
 His iflue by his firft wife feems to have been one 
 fon, Gilbert ; by Mifs Van Horn he had William 
 and Thomas, a daughter, Mary, who married Hon. 
 William Brown, of Beverley, Mafs., and a child who 
 died young. 
 
 His will, dated New York, September 6, 1727, 
 alludes to his wife as dead ; it was proved at Bofton, 
 September 25, 1729, his property amounting only to 
 £4,540 4s. 3^d. 
 
 A correfpondent of the Hiftorical Magazine (vol. 
 viii, p. 398) ftates that he has two manufcript fer- 
 mons — that preached in the chapel of the fort of 
 New York on the interment of Mrs. Burnet, by 
 Rev. Mr. Orum, unfortunatelv not dated, and that 
 preached at the Governor's funeral in " the King's 
 
 Chappie 
 
.t V 
 
 1 24 Notes. 
 
 Chappie, in Bofton, in New England, the 12th day 
 of September, in the year 1729, by the Rev. Mr. 
 Price." 
 
 ■h\ 
 
 (2) Canada. 
 
 (3) See Edition of 1747 (8vo, London), pp. 136, 
 186, 191, &c. 
 
 (4) It is not eafy to fay what French works are 
 here alluded to, probably Hennepin and La Hontan. 
 Of other French works bearing on Iroquois hiftory, 
 Colden appears to have feen only de la Potherie. 
 Champlain, the Jefuit Relations, Larttau, and the 
 Lettres Edifiantes were probably inacceflible at the 
 time to one writing, as he did, at New York. But it 
 is ftrange to fee how completely, fixtv years after the 
 EngliH. occupancy, the lixty years of Dutch rule, 
 with all the writings of tVat period, were defpifed and 
 ignored. The tradt of Megapolenfis on the Indians, 
 the works of Van Der Donck and De Vries, which 
 would have given him much, are all overlooked. 
 The only fpecial Englifh works on New York pub- 
 lifhed prior to Colden's work, Denton, Woolley, 
 Miller, give little diredt information as to the Five 
 Nations, and we can fcarcely wonder at all abfence 
 of allufion to them. 
 
 I » 
 
 :iih 
 
 (5) Dr. Colden fliould have taken better care of 
 theie " Minutes of the Commiflioners of Indian 
 Affairs." He appreciated theii" value, but finding 
 them in a wretched condition, left them fo, fubject 
 to utter lofs. Fortunately, in 1751, Mr. Alexander 
 (thank him, all ye antiquaries of New York) " bor- 
 rowing them for his perufal, had them bound up in 
 
 four 
 
 ? i 
 
f 
 
 Notes. 
 
 IIS 
 
 four large volumes in folio," — -(Smith's Hiftory of 
 New York, p. 154, note.) 
 
 (6) European nations, as relics identical with thofe 
 of America fliow, had their (tone and their copper 
 age before reaching that when iron made progrefs 
 rapid. Our Northern Indians were IHll in the (tone 
 age, Mexico and Peru had reached that of copper. 
 
 (7) Hence a report of a fpeech of an educated 
 French interpreter, fullv convcrfant with the lan- 
 guage, as miflionary or agent, would feem to be more 
 trultworthy. 
 
 (8) The names of tribes and places here given 
 fuggelt fome curious refledtions. Neither P^nglifh 
 nor French names have prevailed exclulively. We 
 have adopted the J'rcnch terms Abenaki, Algonquin, 
 Chicago, Detroit, Huron, Illinois, Iroquois, Lake 
 Huron, Miami, Michilimackinac, Lake Ontario, 
 Shawnee, here treated as words lb foreign to our 
 fathers as to need explanation. One name, Illinois, 
 was as new to Wafhington when he wrote his firft 
 diarv, for, not catching it clcarlv, he made it out 
 I/Jes jYoires, and tranflates it Bhu/: IfJands — little 
 forefeeing his own future or his countrv's ; little 
 dreaming that he was to be the firlt Prcfulcnt of a 
 great Republic, and that that Illinois would one day 
 fend, as his fucceilbr in the city of his name, in his 
 hold on the affections of the people, a grandfon of 
 one of the backwoodfmen of his own Virginia. A 
 few remarks will here be made on thefe names. 
 
 ADIRONDACKS means tree-eaters.— (See Hiflorical 
 Magazine, vol. iv. p. 185.) 
 
 AMIHOUIS 
 
I t 
 
 c. 
 
 ; I 
 
 
 
 
 I ' 
 
 11 I, 
 
 1 
 
 :i ' il 
 
 1 26 TNTo/w. 
 
 AMIHOUIS is probably meant for Amikoues, the Beaver 
 Indians ; but it is an error to make the 
 French call the Tionontates by the name. 
 They called them at firft Petun or To- 
 bacco Indians, and after their great de- 
 feat and flight Hurons. They now go 
 by the name of Wyandots, although they 
 are a dillinct tribe from them. — (See 
 Hillorical Maga/inc, vol. v. p. 262.) 
 
 ANIEZ Colden here makes a kind of bull. The 
 word Anie/., though given as the name 
 which the Five Nations did not give the 
 Mohawks, is really the name they did 
 give — Gagniegue/v7^/j or Gagniegucra- 
 non, the termination meaning people. 
 Mohawk is from Maqua, the Mohegan 
 name for bear, the name of the tribe as 
 a body. 
 
 HURONS. The name Quatoghie occurs very rarely 
 except in Colden. In the whole courfe 
 of the Colonial Documents Dr. O'Cal- 
 laghan gives but two references tc this 
 name in his index. The tribe called 
 themfelves Wendat (Relation de la Nouv. 
 France, 1639, p. 50 ; 1640, p. 35), 
 whence the more common Englifli name 
 Wyandot was formed. Huron was 
 merely a French nickname. 
 
 LOUPS is a French tranflation of the Algic word 
 Maikan or Mohegan, a wolf. The Mo- 
 hawks called them, and dill call the 
 Stockbridge Indians, Agotfagenens. 
 
 MASCOUTENS, Odillagheks. The Hurons called 
 them AinHaguc or Fire Indisns. 
 
 ONNONTIO, YONNONDIO, means Great Moun- 
 tain, and is fimply an Indian tranflation 
 of the name of Montmagny (Mons 
 
 Magnus), 
 
Notes. 127 
 
 Magnus), the fccond Governor of 
 Canada, retained as a title, Julias Arendt 
 Van Curler's name, reduced to Corlar, 
 was ufcd by the Iroquois to mean the 
 Governor of the Dutch or Englidi at 
 New York. 
 
 OUTAGAMI is the proper name of the Foxes, whom 
 Colden makes to be the (^akfies of the 
 Iroquois; the Scunkfiks being appa- 
 rently the Sacs. 
 
 OTTAWAS, The French give Ontwagannha and 
 Twakanna as the Iroquois name of 
 this tribe. 
 
 TATERAS, TODERIKS, are the Catawbas. 
 
 TONGORIAS appears on one of Dc Lille's maps as 
 the name of a tribe on the Tcnneilce; 
 1 find no other French allufion to the 
 name. The Toteros, who have given 
 the name of Totteroy to Great Sandy 
 Creek, may be the lame. (N. Y. Col. 
 Doc. Ill, 194, n.) Colden's Eng- 
 lifli feems to make them the Eric, e of 
 the Hurons, the Eriegue, Erique of 
 the Iroquois. 
 
 (9) This ftatement, fupportcd by later authorities, 
 is omitted in the Englilh edition. — (See Morgan's 
 League of the Iroquois, p. 96.) 
 
 (10) The whole queftion of the families or tribes 
 is difcufled in Morgan's League of the Iroquois 
 (Rocheller, 1851, 8vo), chapter iv. The Mo- 
 hawks and Oneidas had but thefe three tribes, as 
 all writers, French and Englilh, declare, but the 
 other nations, according to Morgan, had generally 
 eight. 
 
 (II) 
 
 2 
 
128 
 
 Notes. 
 
 (ii) The Sachems, fifty in all, were the heads of 
 the families, and ufcd the mark of the animal whofc 
 name thev bore in figning treaties. The rank was 
 not hereditary from father to fon — indeed, a Sachem's 
 fon could fcarcelv he a Sachem. A man could not 
 marrv in his own family, and the children belonged 
 to the mother's, not to the father's, family. When 
 a Sachem died, the family chofe as his fuccclfor, or 
 tacitly admitted, the fucceHion of a uterine brother, 
 or a fiik-r's fon, or fome more dilhint relatiye of the 
 (iime tamih, and confecjuently related only in the 
 female line to the deceafed. This explains how 
 fome hayc allcMtei' it to be hereditary, while others 
 denied it. Colden, in fuppofing the rank merely a 
 tribute to worth, was in error. 
 
 l) The war chiefs had no rank but what pref- 
 I ' (f their own courage and ability gave them. 
 
 (13) Englilh and French alike failed in endeavor- 
 ing to induce them to remove the place of the 
 great council fire. 
 
 (14) The Tufcaroras having rifcn on the people 
 of Carolina -n 1710, were finally defeated and re- 
 treated north. Lawibn, killed in the war, had pre- 
 fervcd in his Carolir. a vocabulary of the tribe. 
 They fettled in New \'ork from 171 2 to 171 7. 
 
 (15) The opening fcntence here giving the Iro- 
 quois for the name of the league is replaced in the 
 London edition by another falfely charging the Dutch 
 with having preferved nothing relating to the In- 
 dians. The name Rodinunchfionni is given as 
 
 Hotinnonchicndi 
 
 m 
 
Notes. 1 2 9 
 
 Hotinnonchiendi in the Rcl. de la N. F., 1654 
 (Queb. ed.), p. 11, and there (aid to mean a com- 
 plete cabin. This is, doubtlcfs, a Huron form. 
 Briiyas, in his Racincs Agnicres, gives the name in 
 Mohawk Hotinnoniionni, and it is apparently the 
 third perlon plural of Gennonfonnifk, " I make a 
 cabin," compofed of ganonfa, cabin, and konnis, 
 I make. The modern Mohawk form is Rotinon- 
 fionni. Morgan gives the Seneca name as Hodeno- 
 faunce, "the people of the long cabin," but this is 
 apparently fomcwhat free, the term "people" not 
 being in the word. The form Aquanufliioni is only 
 a corruption, and the tranflation " cabin builders" 
 an error arifing from ignorance of the Indian 
 thought. 
 
 (16) Dc la Pothcrie (i. p. 288) took this account, 
 as he did much more of his book, from the maiuifcript 
 Moeurs^ Coujiianes et RelUgion des St, -(vages of Nich- 
 olas Pcrrot, just publiihed in Paris. (See p. 9 of 
 Tailhan's edition.) Perrot is more expIL]. ;'haii*'ii.3 
 copiers, and more corredt. " The country of the 
 Irro<|uois was formerly Montreal and Three Rivers. 
 They had as neighbors the Algonquins dwelling 
 along the Ottawa, at Nipifling, French River, and 
 between it and Toronto." Cartier certainly found 
 an Iroquois tribe at Montreal, or Hochelaga. (Hiih 
 Mag. ix. 144 ; Faillon, Hiltoire de la Colonic Fran- 
 ^aife i. p. 524.) 
 
 (17) The French fettled at Three Rivers within 
 the remains of a palifaded (and therefore Huron or 
 Iroquois) town, the charred ends still remaining in 
 the ground, and t!ie cleared fields of the occupants 
 difcernible. (Rcl. 1631;, n. 15) 
 
 '2 " (18) 
 
IJO 
 
 Notes. 
 
 ii**'';:M 
 
 \''::'V 
 
 ! : 
 
 (18) Perrot does not name Montreal. 
 
 (19) Lake Ontario. Tlu- f rcnch lor a time called 
 it Lake Frontcnac. Oiuai.i means lake, Ontario, 
 beautiful lake. Cailaraekui, the name here given 
 bv CoUlen to Lake Ontario, was applied hv the 
 Trench to a fort where Kinglton now is, and called 
 alio Kort Frontenac. Cataraqui is laid to mean pot- 
 ter's clay in water. 
 
 (20) Corlar's Lake was the old New York name 
 for Lake C'hamplain, and came from Arendt \'an 
 Curler, a Dutch agent high in repute wiih the .Mo- 
 hawks, who was loit here, while on his wav to Can- 
 ada on the invitation ot the French Governor. 
 The liulians gave his name not only to this Lake 
 but to all Governors at New \ ork. 
 
 (21) Champlain's battle with the Mohawks on 
 Lake Champlain was fought in the lummer of i6og. 
 (Sec Champlain's account in N. "^'. Documentary 
 Hillory, iii. q.) 
 
 (22) Colden here omits all account of the war 
 with the Hurons, a more powerful nation than the 
 Adirondacks, and of the fame race as the Five Na- 
 tions. Thev refuled in L-pper Canada, near I^ake 
 Huron. Joining the Adirondacks, or Algonquins, 
 againlt the Irocpiois, the\' induced Champlain, in 
 161 5, to accompany them on an expedition into 
 Weltern New York againit a canton called Kntwo- 
 honoron, perhaps the Wenro, on whom the Senecas 
 afterwards turiied. 
 
 (23) Simon Piefcaret was chief of the " Algon- 
 
 quins 
 
I 
 
 Notes. 
 
 >\ 
 
 JJI 
 
 quins of the Illand," a Cm.ill tribe on the Ottawa, 
 not a general facliem of ail tlie trihes. His courle 
 might ealily he lollovvcd through the French ac- 
 counts. 
 
 (24)'rhis is a very inaccurate fumniarv i the 
 Irotiuois attacked ami carried one after another the 
 towns of the \V'\anilots and Tionontates (llnrons 
 and Hetuns) in Upper C'anada : and a petty remnant 
 of the tornur fled lo Ouehec, and of the hitter to 
 "Wilconhn. A furprife of a par^v of the Wyandot 
 rchigees on Ifle C)rleans in 1657 is the incident 
 referred to by Colden, who overlooks entirely the 
 war in Ui)per Canada, which fwept away the \\'\an- 
 dut TicMiontate, Attiwandaronk, Weino and other 
 minor tribes from their ancient feats. 
 
 (25) Dc la Pothcrie. 
 
 (26) De la Potherie, i. 152. The Nepicirinicns, 
 or Nipillings, never removed to any great dilKmce. 
 A remnant of the tribe iHll exilts at' the Lake of the 
 Two Mountains, and their language for a time pre- 
 vailed at that miili(jn. 
 
 (27) The Dinondadies fled firft to illands in Lake 
 Huron, then to the fouthern ihore of Lake Superior, 
 next inland to Hlack River. Returning then to 
 Mackinaw, they proceeded to Detroit, when a poll- 
 was eibblilhed there, and finally croHed to Sandulky, 
 which they named Outlandouke, meaning "There'is 
 pure water there." Here they became known to us 
 as Wyandots — the Hurons of Lorettc being, how- 
 ever, the original Wyandots. I'hc ifland of the 
 Ottawas is Manitouline, but the name is older than 
 Colden fuppofes. (28) 
 
Ija Notes. 
 
 (28) De la Potherie, i. 303. Picfkarct's death 
 occurred in 1647. {^Relation de la NouvelU France^ 
 1647, p. 47.) 
 
 (29) There was but one Algonquin village near 
 Quebec, that of Sillery, which eventually tilled up 
 with Abnakis, and was removed to St. Francis. 
 
 (30) This is the allertion of de la Potherie (ii. 
 296), but is devoid of all probability or authority. 
 
 (31) De la Potherie, ii. 54. 
 
 (32) Colden's ignorance as to Arendt Van Curler 
 is ftrange enough. As to him fee O'Callaghan's 
 New Netherland. 
 
 (33) De la Potherie, ii. 85. Agariata boaded of 
 having murdered M. de Cha/v, the nephew of the 
 Marquis de Tracy The French Governor was 
 de Courcelle. 
 
 (34) The Dutch had one breach with the Mo- 
 hawks in 1625, when Van Krieckebcck, the Com- 
 mandant at Albany, joined the Moliegans againfl 
 them and was killed. 
 
 (35) De la Potherie, Hi(toire de I'Amerique Sept. 
 ii, 87-1 1 1. Nicholas Perrot, Moeurs, Coullumes, &c. 
 
 (36) 1679. 
 
 (37) Lake Erie. 
 
 (38) This account of the lofs of the Griffin is from 
 De la Potherie ii. 35-40. (39) 
 
(ii. 
 
 Notes. 133 
 
 (39) They had been fupplicd with them nearly 
 fifty years before. Rel. A'. /" 1643, p. 62. 
 
 (40) See New York Colonial Documents III. p. 
 256, ix. 227. 
 
 (41) They were Pilcattawavs, the Suk|uehannas 
 had jult been con(|uercd by the Irocpiois. (See N.Y. 
 Col. Doc. iii. 323, Hiliorical Maj^az-ine II. 294.) 
 
 (42) New York Colonial Doc. iii. 277. Camp- 
 bell's Virginia. 
 
 (43) Thefe are the Caiiagelle of p. 31, and the 
 name is prelerved under the form of Kanhawa. 
 
 (44) Dongan brought out Englilh Jefuits to re- 
 place the French, in order to bind the Five Nations 
 to the Kngliili intereli. (N. Y. l^oc. Hilh iii.) 
 The French naturally endeavored to turn the war 
 parties awav from themfelves. 
 
 (45) A treaty between the Five Nations and Ma- 
 ryland in Augui^, 1682, will be found in N.Y. Col. 
 Doc. iii. 321-32S. 
 
 (46) AlVarigoa means Cutlafs or Hig Knife, and the 
 Dutch word Hower having this lignitication, the 
 Dutch interpreter uave it as the meaning of How- 
 ard ! (N.Y. Col.^Doc. V. 670.) 
 
 (47) An account of the origin of the Laprarie 
 and Caughnawaga millions will be found in a Hirtory 
 of the Catholic Millions among the Indian Tribes 
 of the United States, New York, 1855, P- 296. 
 
 (48) 
 
■m 
 
 I " 
 
 1.34 Notes. 
 
 (48) Father Lamberville was the only French 
 miilionary at the time in New York, and that he 
 was able to influence the rtve different tribes in op- 
 poiition to all the efforts of the authority of New 
 York is not very probable. 
 
 {49) Milet was taken priAjiicr bv the Oneidas at 
 Fort ['"rontenac in 1690, after DenonviUe entrapped 
 the Iroquois Sachems, and was long in great danger; 
 but his knowledge of the language and long ac- 
 t|uaintance with the tribe fa\ ed him. .After he was 
 ailopted and regarded as a Sachem, his influence was 
 much dreaded bv the ICnglifh, and a long correipond- 
 ence enllied, his friends ieeking to prolong his cap- 
 tivity and his enemies to releafe him. An account of 
 his captivity is printed in the Cramoilv (eries. He 
 there la\s that lie was adopted as "Otail'ete, which is 
 the ancient name of one ot the tirlt founders of the 
 Iroijuois Republic," p. 38. Morgan, p. 64, gives 
 as the iirll: Oneida Sachem, Hodaihateh, "a man 
 bearing a burden." 
 
 (50) Colden is here in error. A Huron tribe of 
 the town of Scanonaenrat, or St. Michael's, con- 
 taining many ChriiHans, ji)ined the Scnccas, and 
 feveral miliionaries, Garnicr, Fremin, Rafeix, Pier- 
 ron, labored in the Seneca country. 
 
 (51) The Sieur de Salvaye. See his Inll:ru6tions 
 in N. Y. Documentary Hiitory, i. 70. 
 
 (52) Charlevoix, Hiftoire de la Nouvelle France, 
 i. 490, fays 700 militia, 130 regulars, 200 Indians, 
 chiefly Iroquois of Sault St. Louis, and Hurons or 
 Lorette, 'Flic official return of the troops taken at 
 
 Fort 
 
 W 
 
 4 
 
 \ 
 
(I 
 
 Notes. 
 
 ns 
 
 our 
 he 
 
 Fort Frontenac, Auguft 14, 1684, including regulars, 
 militia and Indians, was 34 officers, 782 men. De 
 Meules, the Intcndant, lays 900 men and 300 In- 
 dians. 
 
 (53) Suppofcd to be Salmon river, Ofwcao coun- 
 ty, N. Y. It is (hid, on p. 79, to be "thiVtv miles 
 from Onondaga." Dc la l^arre, however, fays " Co 
 leagues," Charlevoix "four or five leagues from t 
 mouth of their river." i. 493. 
 
 (54) Arnold Cornelifon Viclc was a citizen of 
 Albany and a well known Indian interpreter. For 
 his fervices in the latter capacitv he obtained a grant 
 ot land from the Mohawks, September, 1683, -^ ''"le 
 above Schenedadv. l^he trad was called Wach- 
 keerhoha. {0' Callaghmu) 
 
 (55) Charles Le Moyne, the founder of one of 
 the illulhious houfes of Canada, to which Iberville, 
 Bienville and the Barons Longueuil belonged. 
 
 (56) Father John de Lambervillc. His Iro(|uois 
 name of Taorhenfere, incorreaiv given Twirhaerfua 
 on p. 80, means "th.e man that looks up at the Ikv." 
 The names given to Aliilionaries were retained 'for 
 fucceilors, and the late Mr. Marcoux, millionary at 
 Sault St. Louis, Canada, bore this lame name. 
 
 (57) Father James de Lamberville. 
 
 (58) Called Tegannehout by the French. He 
 was a Seneca ambailador arrcftcd at Quebec by De 
 la Barre. (N. Y. Col. Doc. ix. 239.) He was at 
 the conference at La P'amine, or Hungry Bay 
 
 ' (59) 
 
sam 
 
 i! ? 
 
 'II 
 
 ,u'. 
 
 (5g) This Indian was not a Sachem, He was 
 mcrclv an orator, and ac'liiallv in the pav of the 
 Krcneli, who called hini Ciinnde (iiieiile. I)e 
 Meule (Col. Doc. ix. 247) calls him a "r\co|ihant 
 who leeks merelv a good dinner and a real hiittoon." 
 His real Indian name, as giNcn l>\ the I'rench, was 
 Hotreouati, Hateoiiati, or Oureonati. La Ilontan, 
 or his editor, ignorant ot this, and wilhing to give 
 his name an Indian turn, transformed Cirande (jiieiilc 
 into (jrangiila, or, as he afterwards wrote it, (Jaran- 
 gnla. No Inch Indian name occurs. Morgan, in 
 his ViH ot" Onondaga lachem names, gives Hosahaho, 
 Large Mouth, hut this ditlers too much from Ilo- 
 trewati tor us to (unpoie them iilentical. Charle- 
 voix, i. 527, ihangelv confounds him with Tegan- 
 nehout, the Seneca. I)e la Harre (avs that fifteen 
 deputies met him. 
 
 (60) La Hontan, i. 48. I)e la Harrc's fpccch, as 
 originally reported, is in the Documentary Hiftory. 
 
 (61) This well-known fpccch, as given here, is 
 taken from La Hontan, Nouveaux Vovages, I. 51- 
 55. The fpeech of Hotreouati, with, the replies of 
 Father iJruvas on hehalf of De la Harre, will he 
 found as iiiven hv the latter in O'Callairhan's Docu- 
 mcntary Hiftorv, i. 77. La Hontan's is evidently 
 drelled up for his own purpofcs. 
 
 (62) Carachkondic is theGarakontie of theFrcnch. 
 The one here alluded to, though confounded hy 
 Charlevoix with the great Daniel (Jarakontie, the 
 far-feeing and enlightened chief of Onondaga, was 
 his hrother and fuccellor, and in every way an infe- 
 rior man. Daniel Garakontie died in 1677. {^Rela- 
 tion 
 
. 
 
 He was 
 
 \,- of the 
 k<. Dc 
 iCophaiit 
 urtooii." 
 uli, was 
 Iloiuaii, 
 to ^ivc 
 
 V (jlU'lllc 
 
 :, Ciaiaii- 
 )rgaii, in 
 losalialui, 
 loni l\u- 
 Charlc- 
 1 Tcgan- 
 at fifteen 
 
 rpccch, as 
 Hiltory. 
 
 1 here, is 
 cs, I. 5'- 
 icplics ot 
 c, will be 
 n's Docu- 
 evidentlv 
 
 hcFrcnch. 
 )inulcd by 
 ontic, the 
 ulaga, was 
 IV an inte- 
 7. {Rela- 
 tion 
 
 Notes. 
 
 tion fie la Nouvelle Ft, 
 d(i^ ii. 202. 
 
 M7 
 
 v///<v, i673-(,, A1ijlio„ ,iu c,wa- 
 
 . (^2 /vx, p 92) I'his diiTd ai.l t(, the I,o,M.c,i. 
 "tH,, ,,,kson the French polls, w,th 
 f';'.cl-i them ,n the madace of the Vreneh J 
 c.neo,H.,plthe,nnhleho.K.,. .a. uhuh',^^ 
 uchahioodv paj^rc- „, <„,, Colonial hifforv. The 
 i'n.eh, aceeptin;. ,Ik- alternative, welcomed tie 
 aM t le c,„, ,f ^,,,„^^ ^.„^,,,_.^. ^^__^, ^_^. ^1 . n 
 
 e^edualH. ,|>at we n.av well doubt the wHd<.n, 
 wliat Loldeii here applauds. 
 
 (63) The ()utagamies are the Foxes, the Kieki- 
 bot.s, the k.ekapoos: the Mafkoutuh or ,\ I . k ,' 
 .ck-propcrlv Alafkouteneh, have now d,(i.p , J 
 as a tnbe, but were e^ identlv part of .„■ do e |- 
 
 .cd to te k,ckap.,o natn.n; ,nto which the k*., 
 .) have been alXorbed. Thev were all Al.onn 
 t.-d,es, as were the Malhomin.es and Putev^t ' .s 
 menfoned fublec,uentlv. The Puans, (o ca „ 
 
 hen^aving come from the lea, or Fetid VVa " 
 
 Jrf ^\ 'Vm ' \^^ ^^''^ "^ ^''^ 0««vvas on th 
 occaiion, fee Charlevoix, i. 513. 
 
 IS 
 
 (65) iMcGregory s expedition was, under the cir- 
 cumffances bold enough, and was baled on a fhanlc 
 notion of French forbearance. The French , S 
 fcnt to arreft lum was Air. de la Durantave ((J , ■ 
 
 ?ll'-.V5\- .i'-- ^ 'l<^-tch of AlcCiregov, wlJ 
 was killed by Le.fler, fee Col. Uoc. iii. 3(^5 'n, 
 
 3 (66) 
 
'< ? 
 
 'ill 
 
 138 Notes. 
 
 (66) The Chief in Fri'iich intcreft was Nanfoua- 
 kouct. (De la Pothcric, ii. 201.) 
 
 (67) This account is from De hi Potherie, ii. 203. 
 
 (68) Do la Potherie, ii. 205. La Hontan, i. 96, 
 afcribes this capture to de Luth. 
 
 (69) Charlevoix (\i)l. i. p. 516) attributes the 
 final action of the Ottawas ami Ilurons to the influ- 
 ence of Father Anjelran, aiul lavs that but ior him 
 iMichilimackiiiac would have been in the hands of 
 the Engliib and Iroijuois. 
 
 (70) Rev. John de Lanibervillc, S. J. It is cx- 
 traordinarv that Colden omits all mention of the 
 fci/ure of the chiefs at Fort Frontenac, and of the 
 noble conduct of Garacon'ie in obtaining for the 
 millionarv leave to depart. Charles oi.x, i. 504, 510. 
 
 (71) Hv his cont"eiru)n, the Englifh now furniflied 
 the Iroquois, their (iibjeots, with material of war to 
 attack the French colonies in the Weil:, after mak- 
 ing the furniihing of ammunitit)n to their Indians, 
 bv the F'rench, an illegal \\t\. Uongan in ta^t be- 
 gan war with France. 
 
 (72) Colden docs not inform us when the Englifh 
 authorities, or the officers fent with the Indian par- 
 tics, prevented fimilar acts. 
 
 (73) Mifprinted Trondequat in the Englilh edi- 
 tions. 
 
 (74) For Denonville's expedition see Charlevoix, 
 i. 516; De la Potherie, ii. 207; La Hontan, i. 78 j 
 
 Col. 
 
 
f 
 
 anfoua- 
 
 ii. 203. 
 n, i. 96, 
 
 utcs the 
 
 thf iiiflii- 
 
 lor him 
 
 hands ot 
 
 It is cx- 
 )n of tlic 
 ul of the 
 t; tor the 
 504, 510- 
 
 turnifliod 
 
 of war to 
 
 iftcr mak- 
 
 r liuhans, 
 
 a tad be- 
 
 :hc Englifh 
 ndian par- 
 
 ^nglilh edi- 
 
 Charlcvoix, 
 
 intan, i. 78', 
 
 Col. 
 
 Notes. 
 
 ^29 
 
 i 
 
 Col. Doc, ix. 358-369. The Indian reports to 
 the authorities at Alhanv are in O'Callaghan's Doc- 
 umcntarv Hilh)rv, i. 151-4. According to (). 11. 
 Marlhall, ICs(|., whole nu ellio:atiun of this action is 
 given in the Proceedings ot^hi- N. Y. Hiiiorical 
 Society, the battle was fought at iJougliton Hill, in 
 the town of Victor, Ontario coiniiv, where the rail- 
 road erotics the road. The fnhlc(|iifnt proceedings 
 of theOnondagas, Cavugas and Oneidas arc given 
 in the Col. Doc. ix. 384. 
 
 (75) Ohfwcgo lake is Eric, and Cadarackui On- 
 tario. 
 
 ^ (76) The fei/urc of I ..quois chiefs, lured to Fort 
 FVontenac, is one of the moll itriking events of 
 Canadian hillory. 
 
 (77) The adimiption of (overeigntv is a flrp due 
 to Dongan, and the further airuniption that all terri- 
 tory between the Mohawk and the nioft remote p.irt 
 of an Iroquois raid a cunquell for England, dcliirht- 
 fully abiurd. ^ 
 
 (78) The firft ac^l of hoftilitv was the plundering 
 of Frenchmen going to IlliiuJis, a French colony, 
 by men whom Dongan recognized as Englilh I'ub- 
 jctils. 
 
 (79) Lifpcnard, whofc name is flill preferved in 
 one of the Ihects of New York citv, made a report, 
 which is in N. Y. Doc. Hilfory, 1.155. 
 
 (80) The Englifli occupation of New York be- 
 ing fo recent, and lb unjult, it is not eafy to fee how 
 
 the 
 
140 
 
 Notes. 
 
 \\\ I. 
 
 the Englifli ilainis could become fiich a gautiv hawk- 
 moth out of llic mt)ilclt Dutch caterpillar. 
 
 (Si) it is not ealV to explain who ihelc icirible 
 North Indians ;iiid Nlohcgans were, but apparently 
 fonie band »)t M()lu'^ans driven out bv the Irotpiois 
 and become in French hands a Icourgc o\ theKnglilh. 
 
 (S2) The propolal of Dongan to plant theCc In- 
 dians at Saratoga was iloubtlels lincere, though he 
 did not pretend that he would prt)tect them againit 
 their pagan c«)untrvmen, whole violence had driven 
 them into exile. Me certainly lent to England for 
 Jeluits to direct them, ami we know that I'athcr 
 Charles CJage, Father Thomas llarvev and Father 
 Henrv Harrilon aohialiv came to New York for the 
 purpoCe, (N. Y. Col. Doc, iii. 73.) 
 
 (8_^) Milprintcd Tames in Englifh editions. 
 
 (84) De Nonville does not lofc by comparifon 
 here. 
 
 (85) For this account of Adario or Kondiaronk's 
 treachery, ice 1/a Hontan, i. 192. Charlevoix, i. 535, 
 adopts it as true. 
 
 (86) La Hontan, i. 193. Charlevoix gives lof's of 
 French at 200. (See De la Potherie, ii. 229.) 
 
 (87) Vox this abandonment of Fort P'rontenac fee 
 La Hontan, i. 195, Charlevoix, i. 550. Smith, in 
 his Hiftorv of New York, makes it a territorial con- 
 quelt of the Mohawks, and confcquently of Great 
 Britain ! 
 
 (88) 
 
 -^ 
 
Notes. 
 
 (88) For Pcrrot's account of his proceedings ( 
 M<»eurs Cou(himes et Rclligion des Sauvages, Lei 
 fig and Paris, 1864. 
 
 141 
 fee 
 P- 
 
 lofs of 
 
 (88)