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In this vast domain — an empire in itself — are contained all the diversified elements which, upon development, are the factors of a progressive, prosperous and powerful nation, and although the strides in the march of progress, keeping pace with the advancement of nineteenth century civilization, have been marvelously rapid in this fair land, there are countless thousands of leagues of territory on which the foot of man has never trod, lying tenantless and silent, only awaiting the advent of the Anglo-Saxon race to bt, transformed into a prosperous and thriving country. The wealth of commerce, agriculture, mining, lumber- ing and fishing, latently exists in untold measure. The virgin soil, the primeval forest, and the teeming seas and lakes and rivers all possess undeveloped riches. Man alone is apparently the missing quantity, and his energy, industry and capital are the required elements in develop* ing this young, but sturdy Dominion into the Greater Britain of the West — the worthy scion of the grand old Motherland across the seas, whose pride is in the colonial gems which adorn the imperial diadem, of which Canada is one of the brightest and most valued jewels. To give briefly and succinctly a sketch of this New Wonderland — not aspiring to the pretensions of a history — is the object of this work, present- ing, beside an historical review, authentic statistics of its present condi- tion, the remarkable advancement of the western portion, and pointing out its great advantages, its boundless resources, its wonderful development, and its manifest destiny in occupying, in the near future, a foremost place amongst the great nations of the world. CONTENTS. AOR I-ORT ARTHUR, ONT. Algoma House, Merrill & Hodder, Props.. 2tJ Bishop A Co., Win., Wholesale and Retail Groceries 2« Clarke, W. J., Druggist 26 Cooke, J. F., Photographer 30 Dau.iais, Oliver, Miner 80 Fortune, W. F., Groceries 29 Hasking, W. J., Groceries 29 Isbester & Co., M., Wholesale and Retail Groceries, Provisions, Boots and SI jes, etc, 26 Johnson, W. G., " Bodega Hotel " 27 Lalonde, C. 0., Boot* and Shoes 28 Labby & Co., P., QrooerieH 28 Mathews & Fraser, Dry Goixla 27 Meikle, J. L.," Bazaar" 27 Mooring, Geo., Furniture 30 Nicholson, H., Merchant Tailor 28 Ray, Street & Co., Bankers 29 Smith, W. G., Butcher 29 Squier, A., Insurance 29 Vivian, J. C, Clothing 28 Wells & Dawson, Hardware 29 Western Hotel, Chas. Hayne, Prop 30 Witherspoone Francis, Harnessmaker 27 PAOI Humble, John W., Wholesale Liquors • ■ ■ . 86 Kobold & Co., Butcher s'*0 W« IB.B. ;^ CatH ^^asjtoba"* b^.UYOBt >^ Ji 9 fj Bj22£l!/ .*j Uogltada Waaft fcs!^ MINNE \Trao Ah WeUJ J«j " i"rii'. \ '"««« A g^V^i qap Udgltada W«it \'";: .^^' >. I'AnR MHM V 4., THE NEW WEST. DOMINION OF CANADA. Larger than the United States, or the Australian Colonies — almost as large as the continent of Europe, and occupying one-fourteenth of the entire surface of the earth — Canada, with an area of 3,610,000 square miles, ranks amongst the moHt extensive of existing nations. Extending 3,500 miles from emt to west, 1,400 miUs from north to south, within this area is a population approximating five millions, which by natural increase and immigration is rapidly augmenting; and this increase, as years roll paHt, will be e, '> greater and in a more marked degree, with the «xtent;ion of railway facilities and the clearing away of the prevailing misty misapprehensions respecting its unoccupied portions. Large tracts of this vast territory are cultivable, and those not cultivable, are rich in mineral wealth ; but the arable land in Canada is as large, if not larger than that in the United States. Canada has, however, the largest extent of land yet open for free settlement adapted to the growth of cereals and other productions of the temperate zone of any country in the woi'ld. There are thousands of square miles of the finest forests in America, and lai'ge areas of the most fertile and productive prairie lands. There are fisheries of almost boundless extent, both on its Pacific and Atlantic Coasta, which are not surpassed or surpassable. There are coal fields on the Atlantic and on the Pacific, and large deposits beneath the surface of the prairie lands east of the Eocky Mountains. Canada has also iron, gold, silver, copper, lead, and other mines of gi-eat richness, including petroleum and salt; together with almost every description of stone and granite and other valuable building materials. It enjoys great variety of climates, from the arctic to that of almost the most southern of the temperate zones. The climates of the settled portions of th» Dominion, and of the lands open for settlement are healthy and invigorating and favorable to the highest development of human energy. The variations of the climate, too, are less than in many countries of lesser extent; but throughout, it is characterized by greater heat in summer and a lower temperature in winter than in corresponding European latitudes. Degrees of latitude, however, ai-e only a partial guide to the actual nature of the climate of Canada, as compared with that of Eui'opean countries, and any comparison of the mean temperature of them is subsequently misleading and deceptive. Even the severity of winter, as tested by the thermometer, leads to a very exaggerated impression of Canadian experienceB. Owing to the dry, clear, bracing atmosphere which generally prevails, the sense of discomfort produced by the raw easterly winds and damp fogs of an English spring suggests an idea of cold such as is rarely thought of in a Canadian winter. There are, indeed, every winter, days of intense cold, as in the summer there are brief periods of equally intense heat, when the thermometer ascends, or descends, through a BC'ile unknown in the more equf ; English climate. But throughout the greater 10 THE NEW WEST. part of tho winter season in Canada, the sky is bright and clear and the weather thoroughly enjoyable. As a matter of fact, the Houthern frontier of Manitoba iind tho North- West Territory, if extended across tho Atlantic Ocean, would strike the continent of Europe a little below the latitude of Paris ; while tho southern point of the Province of Ontario is as far south as tho latitude of Eome. Canada in therefore the physical equivalent on the continent of America of the greal empires and kingdoms of Italy, France, Belgium, Germany, Austria, tho British Islands, Eussia in Eurapo and Sweden. One of the remarkable physical features of Canada is its lakes and rivers. This long line of water system furnishes important facilities for communication ; and the courwe of the St. Lawrence is in the line of the shortest sailing circle across the Atlantic. Tho same favorable condition prevails on the west coast, from the terminus of the Pacific Railway across the Pacitic Ocean to the markets of China, Japan, and also to Australia. Coupled with those important commercial conditions, there is the fact that tho Canadian Paciiic Railway is tho shortest of tho many transcontinental routes, and crosses tho Rockies on immensely more favorable conditions, both as respects grades and curves, than its rivals which reach the Pacific at San Francisco. From its earliest discovery, Canada has been esteemed for its valuable fur-bearing animals, and for over two centuries has been the trapping and hunting ground for the still-existing Hudson's Bay Co., and its rivals. Not only a vast tract of unoccupied toi-ritory in which for decades tho hunter and the trapper will find his wealth-producing prey, still remains, but the regions around the Hudson's Bay, and stretching westward to Alaska and northwai*d to the pole, must ever remain a shelter for fur-bearing animals and a resort of the hunter. All tho furs collected for the ^reat fur company are shipped to London ; in part from their factories of York Fort and Moose River, on the Hudson's Bay, which are visited by a ship from England every year, and in part from Montreal, Victoria and Winnipeg. As a country for the husbandman, however; Canada stands pre-eminent ; but to the lumberman, the minor, the fisherman, the manufacturer, and the artizan, there are openings offering, which if taken, lead on to independence and wealth. Canada is a land for the capitalist seeking investment, and for the energetic poor man — not the poverty-stricken loiterer — seeking a home. IN THE EARLY DAYS. There is, amongst the many interesting legends of tho ancient Noraemen, one of the discovery by some of their intrepid voyagers, of a nameless land in the, to them, western ocean. Nearly one thousand yeare have elapsed since the first Euro- pean, Lief, son of the powerful Eric, the Red, first coasted along the rocky shores of Labrador in his staunch Norse Galley, and the intervening yeai-s, witnessing the rise and fall of potentates and empires the world over, have brought but little change to the bleak dreary coast of this North Land, against whose rocks the restless waters of the Atlantic fret and fume, or to the dense trackless forests of fir, stretching for leagues inland, which are still the abiding-place of the unhunted wild animal. Still IN THE EARLY DAYS. IX oather -West jnt of bettor (leflned, the Icolnndoru have handed down from gonoration to generation well authenticated tales of the landing, on whal is now America, of their daring seafaring forefathers, and in the little sea-girt IhIo — naw being so rapidly depopulated — the legend is accepted as authentic history to this day. Another theory is, that hordes from Asia poured over the intervening narrow straits of Behring in the early days of Mother Earth, and were the first occupants of the new world in the dim and misty post. Then there wore the Mound-builders of pre-historio times, traces of whoso exiHtonce are still to bo found from the (Julf of Mexico to the shores of Lake Winnipeg, but whose history is largely based on mere conjecture. The race has vanished, leaving relics of its existence puzzling to the mind of those versed in ar- ciiR'logical lore. The earth works they loft are overgrown with large trees, the hieroglyphics obliterated by ago, the places of defence or abode have crumbled away, and only the outline of their original shape is traceable amidst the ruins of this curious and mysterious something of ancient origin, which no living being can now uni-avel or explain. The Indians have no traditions at all regarding this extinct and almost forgotten race. The earliest visitors to the continent give no account of them. But their sepulchral mounds, their skeletons, their pottery and their shells tell the tale of their existence — and nothing more. Whence came these quiet sleepers, who, with fleshless palms, crossed as in mute expectancy, might have slumbered on till the morn of resurrection, but for the love of adventure of our ancesters, whose descendants have rudely disturbed their rest ? What the fate of this great mound- building race which from the shadow of the Andes to the far north have traversed the continent ? Wrapped in a veil of mystery which may never he upliiled until that supreme hour when all things shall be revealed. But whatever element of truth there may be in these traditions and theories and speculations, the honor of discovering America is, amongst the masses, now commonly accoi-ded to Christopher Columbus, who started out on his voyage of dis- covery nearly four centuries ago. A few years later, in 1497 — two years after the discoveries of Columbus became known in England — two Italian navigators, John and Sebas.ian Cabot, father and son, set sail for the little known west with a royal commission to discover a north-west passago to China or the Indies of the East. Beaching the coast of Labrador, which they erroneously believe to be that of the Indian continent, they took possession, in the name of King Henry VII, and return- ed home. From their excusable error, the name " Indian " was bestowed upon the red race that inhabited the country, which appellation adhei'es to them to the pre- sent time. Although the Cabots first reached Canada, it was Jacques Oartier, the ■descendants of .'bom afterwai-ds became amongst the most illustrious of Canadian statesmen, who first penetrated the interior of this country. Having sailed from sunny France in 1534, he entered the Gulf of St. Lawrence and landed at Gasp^ Bay where the fleur-de-lis was floated to the breeze, and a huge cross, with a shield bear- ing the arms of France, erected. After eight years spent in exploring, Cartier returned home, where he shortly afterwards died, and over half a century elapsed before any further attention was paid to the vast terra incognita over which bis sovereign held undisputed sway. In 1603, Champlain, a noted discoverer, a knightly soldier who fought under the white plumes of Navarre, set out on a fruitless expedi- tion, returning the same year. In the following year, he accompanied a second .expedition, under the command of Sieur de Monts, which reached the Bay of Fundy. 12 THE NEW WEST. MiHibrtiino besot tho daring' vxploroi!', an'l the hardithip of an oaHteiii wintor wore I'ollowed by tliro dineaHe, which lon tho world over can pardonably boast. The white emblem of la belle France, \\hich for a century and a half had floated over the Gibraltar of the western seas, was replaced by the blood-rod cross of St. George. Then commenced English rule in Canada. It is not within tho province of this unpretentious book to detail the many stir- ring incidents of ensuing years. As time rolled on, settlement, in obedience to the irresistable law of nature, advanced westwardly. Montreal — the Hochclaga of the rctl man — instead of being an outpost environed by hostile Indians, became, gradual- ly, but surely, tho centre of a group of provinces, which twenty-one years ago, were formed into one Confederation. A memorable day— July Ist, 1867 — gave birth to the Dominion of Canada — a Sisterhood of Provinces bound together by the ties of blood, of common ancestry, of united interests, and mutual hopes and aspirations. Year by year, provinces were added to the Dominion, until row in 1888, the dis- united struggling communities of two decades ago are gathered into one undivided and undivisable Federation, stretching from ocean to ocean, all bearing their share in the great work of building up a nation, and all happy and contented and pi-osperous under the protecting segis of tho mother-country. Canadian statesmen, in preparing the scheme of confederation, had a warning before them in the civil war, which, from 1861 to 1865 fiercely raged between the Northern and Southern States of the American Union, and they eliminated, as far as possible, all danger which might arise from weakness of the federal authority. They (JUEHEC — VIEW FROSI TUB CITADEL. •r m 1 i h 1 m fe^ jr.- S: 1 1. kin i^^^^^''**4^!T^Mi ■li^ i I^JHn — ^-wmjai 3 1 — „, , • I M |i ^'^ ^ 'j^-^^^ ' % ; 1 f i" •4 1* 9 1 1 i * ^ ■. ■"■„ ' ■^ T/, -.X- ._ • '* f ' ■■ ■ MONTREAL. Views in Musioka IN THE EARLY DAYS. 18 provided for a National government which would protect the rights of the weaker provinces ; but Home Rule was given the different provincial governments in a broad sense. Each province had full power to make laws for the education of the rising generations, for the ownerehip of property, for the development of resources and for the raising of revenue for local purposes. But no individual province was permitted, without federal authority, to own or maintain troops, control navigation, build railways beyond its own boundaries, or levy export or import duties. Representation in the Senate and House of Commons was given each province on the basis of population, Quebec being the pivotal province. To that province isalloted sixty-five members in the popular branch of parliament, and the others are given repre- sentation in the proportion their population bears to it. There is constitutional government in its widest and fullest meaning — government of the people, for the people, by the people. The Governor-General, usually of the brightest of British noblemen, is a constitutional ruler, giving a loyal support to the Ministry representing the majority in the House of Commons. And these rulers, appointed by the imperial government, are selected not merely to reward them for sei-vices to the state, but as an honor conferred upon those pre-eminently fitted for the high position, and who can faithfully and loyally and wisely represent Her ^Majesty in her western dependency. The names of Dufferin, Lome and Lansdowne, especially, will be handed down to future generations as able statesmen who ruled wisely and well, while the present Governor-General, Lord Stanley of Preston, the descendant of one of the most illustrious of England's oldest nobility, has entered upon a career which, ft is safe to assume, will place him on a plane with his honored and revered predecessors. Although nearly three centuries have elapsed since the chivalrous Champlain sailed up the broad watei-s of the St. Lawrence, the actual development of the western portion of the country east of Lake Huron did not commence until a com- paratively recent period, while that westerly of Superior's pellucid watei-s lay dormant and still until the troublous times of 1869-'70— of which the executed chieftain, Louis Riel, was the central figure — brought it prominently to the notice of the outer world, and r'vealed in all their richness and fertility the countless acres of virgin prairie soil wbich reaches from the valley of the Red River of the North to the base of the far-off Rocky Mountains. Beyond this, an old colony of Britain had already sprung up on the golden shores of the Pacific — and all this great domain to-day is happy and prospering under the meteoric flag which for a thousand years has proclaimed British supremacy. To the transcontinental traveller, passing through the thickly settled provinces of the east, the dense pine wilderness and broad plains of the centre, and the snow- crested mountains of the further west, the thought must natux-ally occur, as he gazes on the varied elements of wealth, that the old Spaniards, to whom are attributed the commonly-accepted origin of the name of Canada — "A Canada," signifying "Here is nothing" — must have been sadly mistaken, and leads one to- believe that Charlevoix's derivation of the name -from the Indian word "Kannata" : a collection of huts— is perhaps after all the more probable one. Even if the former is the correct genesis of the country's name, how wonder-stricken would be those adventurous sons of Spain were they to return from the unknown world and visit the " A Canada " of which the Maritime provinces, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Keewatin, the Northwest Territories and British Columbia are now component parts 14 THE NEW WEST. Instead of " A Canada," it may eaisly be oonjectnred, the departed Spaniards would stare in amazed astonishment, as they beheld the wealth and prosperity of the land, ejaculate " El Dorado," and seek to substitute that enphonious title for the one they, accoi-ding to Castilian tradition, unwittingly and erroneously bestowed upon it. CANADIAN PROGRESS. The development of Canada during the past twenty yeai-s has been remarkable. The counti*y's progress is clearly and intelligibly illustrated in " Graphio Statistics," and presented in such a comprehensive and comprehensible manner, that no apology is needed for quoting from the excellent compilation. The authoi', Mr. George Johnson, Dominion statistician, has collected a fhnd of information in diagrammatic form to illustrate the changes and the developments which Canada has experienced since the various Provinces joined hands, and it is not without reason that Mr. Johnson, in presenting this first instalment, hopes " that, encouraged by the substantial progress which marks the years of the childhood of the Dominion, the Canadian people will 6e strengthened in their determination to make the manhood of their country even better in fulfilment of its destiny than the early period has been bountiful in promise." . The diagrams, eighty in number, deal with almost every imaginable phase of the commercial life of Canada. First come the statistics relating to the federal debt, and the exports and imports, taking the country as a whole, then taking the Pro- vinces separately, and then considering each principal commodity, the whole occupy- ing twenty-five diagi-ams. Perhaps the most instructive of these twenty-five dia- grams are those which compare Canada's trade with Great Britain on the one hand, and with the United States on the other. Great Britain's cattle purchases fi-om Canada, for instance, have continued, with the single exception of the years 1885-86, to mount up from the paltry value of some $400,000, in 188'7, to the present value, $5,400,000 ; while United States purchases have taken the most erratic of courses, starting from $250,000 in 188'7, reaching $2,000,000 in 1881, then falling to $5C0,000 in 1882, up again to $1,750,000 in 1885, and now down to $1,000,000. Or take the wheat and flour trade. With the single ejxeption again of 1886, Canada's exports to Great Britain have mounted from 1,500,000 bushels in 1868 to 6,800,000 in 1887; while the exports to the United States were 1,700,000 bushels in 1868, rose to 2,100,000 in 1872, and have since eteadily declined, until they now stand at the paltrj'' total of 364,983 bushels The cheese trade is no less remarkable. The exports to Great Britain show a continued and unvarying increase year by year, from $600,000 in 1868 to $7,000,000 in 1887; whereas the exports to the United States were $159,000 in 1868, and have ranged between $300,000 and $12,000 ever since. The trade in green fruit, in peas, butter, and other natural products, tells the same tale ; and, bearing in mind that no preference is shown British over United States pur- chasei-s, it may be deduced from these records that the United Kingdom is a for better market for Canada's natm'al pioducts than the United States is, or has ever been. The next series of diagrams deals with Canada's banking recoi-d. The propor- tion of overdue notes and debts to the total amount borrowed from the chartered CANADIAN PROQBESS. 15 banks is now at its lowest point since Confederation, namely, 1*61 per cent. The highest percentage in the last decade was 4*90 in 18*79 ; and in this decade 4*24 in 1880. The bank notes in circulation show a steady growth during the last four years, though the record for 1887 is still somewhat behind that of the highest year, 1883. The bank deposit diagrams are most gratifying. In each case the record for 188*7 far sui'passes that of any previous year. The growth, indeed, in every instance is remarkably steady and substantial. The same may be said of the recv. . " of the operations of the money order system, of the use of letters and postcards, ana jf the general postal system. In this group is also classed the record of business failui'es since 1874. In 1887, Canada unhappily made a considerable advance upon 1886 and 1885 in this respect, but still the figures $16,300,000 are below those for 1884 ($19,000,000), while it is noteworthy that in no year, under the present protective tariff, has the total amount of failures reached that of any one of the revenue tariff years, when from $24,000,000 to $29,000,000, was the range of the failure records. The next series of diagrams is exceedingly curious. One act indicates the liquor consumption of the Dominion, with the aid of a variety of gaudily-colored tankai-ds and glasses. It appeal's from this that Ontario drinks three times more beer than spirits ; Quebec nearly as much spirits as beer ; and New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island more spints than beer. In 1874, the pen of Canada drank two gallons of spirits per head, but in 1887 they drank lesh .i one gallon per head. On the other hand, the consumption of beer has gone up from two to three gallons per head since 1878. The next diagram relates to tobacco, and the smoking proper sities of the people of each Province are shown by clouds of smoke rising from wen filled pipes and cigars. British Columbians, it appears, are the most persistent smokers, though the people of Manitoba and the North- West, and of Quebec, follow them hai-d in the race. New Brunswickers come next, and Ontario, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island follow in order. As a whole, Canadians use on an average three lbs. of tobacco per annum ; whether that is a good or a bad record depends upon the point of view from which one regai*ds the use of the fragrant weed. There is next shown by a series of diagrams, the advances which railways have made in Canada during the past ten years. The number of miles has exactly doubled. The number of passenger carried per inhabitants has increased 40 per cent. ; total number earned, nearly 60 per cent. ; tons of freights carried per inhab- itants, 97 per cent. ; total number carried, 107 per cent ; receipts f\-om passengers, 86 per cent. ; and from freights, o\ter 87 per cent. ; while the total i-eceipts from all sources have increased nearly 90 per cent., anJ the expenses nearly 72 per cent. The comparisons made in this series of statistics are most instructive. The cost per mile of railways in Canada is $61,000, and the population per mile is 491 persons. In the United States the cosi} has been the same as in Canada, but the population per mile is 417. In Great Britain the cost pei- mile is $206,500 (more than treble that of Canada), and the population per mile 1,930. The number of train miles run by each locomotive in Canada is 20,094, against 22,683 in the United States and 18,395 in Great Britain. The average charge per ton mile is stated to be considerably less in Canada than in any other countiy ; while the percentage of gross receipts expended in working the railways is less in Canada than in France, but higher than in most other countries — a state of things which is explained by the fact that the Inter- colonial, b«ing a Government work, is run, not for profit, but to develop the country. 16 THE NEW WEST. The extent of the shipping employed in the Canadian sea and laite trades is next illustrated, and a sound progressive record is shown. It is a noteworthy feature of this session that the trade in British bottoms has maintained its preponderance in each year during the last decade. In 1883, 1884, 1885, and 1886 the trade in United States bottoms came second, but last year, the Canadian record forced its way ahead to the position it held prior to 1883, next to the British record. The coasting trade of Canada shows a healthy growth, especially that of Nova Scotia. Following these shipping returns comes a series illustrative of Canada's export to the United States of wheat, oats, bai'ley, potatoes, provisions, fish, coal, furs, &c. Looked at as a whole, they cannot be said to denote the same development as those relating to Canadian trade with Bntain. In most cases the present volume of trade is little more than that of twenty years ago — in flour, rye, wheat, and provisions it is even less — though in the treaty years, 1855-186ir, there was, of coiJi-se, a fillip in nearly all cases. The wood, f\ir, and hide recoi"ds are, however, an exception to the general rul*; the volume of trade in each of these articles has, on the whole, shown a decided tendency to increase since 1884, the date at which the whole of this series of statis- tics commences. Of the remaining diagrams, one of the most striking is perhaps that illustrating the course of the Nova Scotia coal trade. The total sales have gradually risen since 1868 from 460,000 to 1,550,000 tons. This remarkable increase lias been made up principally of sales to other Provinces, though the sales in Nova Scotia itself have also shown a gradual growth. The exports to foreign countries are as low now as ever they were — a fact not to be wondered at or deplored, in view of development in other directions. The last diagram in the remaining series deals with the prices of Canadian securities in London. The recoi-d is most gratifying. Canada started in 1867 with a credit in this market indicated by the fact that her 5 per cents, were at 86|^. From 1867 to 1873 the rise was steady and sure, until the stock touched 108. Then for a few years it remained practically at a standstill, until 1878 and 1879, when the upward movement was resumed, and with minor depressions in the period between 1883 and 1887 these 5 per cents, have continued to increase in value, until in March, 1888 — the date of the compilation — they stood at the unprecedented figure of 118. The rise has been equally marked in the 4 per cents., which started at 92 in 1875, and were placed in March at 116. The only depression in the 4 per cents, occurred in the years 1882-83. With the 3^ per cents, the record of growth from 92 in 1885 to 110 is unbroke THE OLDER PROVJNCES. While this volume is moi-e particularly intended to be devoted to the western half of Canada, it would not be complete without paying notice of the eastern pro- vinces, but no pretensions are made to more than brief descriptions. THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. This province, formerly known as Upper Canada or Canada West, consists of that region lying north of the great chain of lakes — the largest bodies of fresh water B ■i I .. jr- ■ ■i^\..c?a,' >.y OrrAWA — PBrAKTMHNTAl, BUILDIKO. OTTAWA — I'OST OFFICE. l! OTTAWA — l-AULIAMUNT IIUILDINO. "'TISM.A.B OTTAWA— DEPARTMENTAL BUILDING. THE PROVINCE OP ONTARIO. It kr.own— and extending to JaraoH' Bay, the nouthern extremity of the great Hudnon'M Day. It iH divided from Quebec by the Ottawa River and a line running due north from Lake Tomiacaming.and oxtondd westward to the Manitoba line near the Lake of the Woods. Within these limits are an area of 197,000 square miles nnd a popu- lation of over 2,000,000, about one-third being urban and two-thii*ds rural. There are 20,000,000 acres occupied, three-riflhs of which are cultivated for grain, hay or root crops, and another fifth is in gardens and orchai'ds. Wheat, bai-ley, oats, peas, corn, flax, tobacco, sugar and root crops are the principal agricultural productA. Daily farming is extensively carried on and large quantities of cheoHfl are made. Beef oatf'e are reared and exported to England in groat numbera, althougii there arc no large grazing areas, root crops being largely depended upon. The educational system of Ontario is an excellent one and is the model upon which those of other provinces are based. Its higher institutions are Upper Canada College, University of Toronto, Univei-sity College and Trinity College, at Toronto ; Victoria College, Cobourg; Queen's College, Kingston , Wostem University, London. There are also many private and denominational schools besides the public schools, and normal schools for the instruction of teachera exist at Toronto and Ottawa. There are over 100 institutes and high schools, over 5000 public schools and about 200 separate Boman Catholic schools drawing revenue from the educational fund. The capital of the province is Toronto, on Lake Ontario, a city of about 120,000 people, and a very important interior seapoi-t and railroad centre. The city is finely laid out, the streets crossing each other at right angles, and contains several fine parks and many handsome buildings. Toi-onto is the literary centre of the Dominion. The city's commerce is considerable, reaching $25,000,000 annually in exports and imports, and the annual value of manufactures is nearly us great. The second city in size and importance is Hamilton, situated on Burlington Bay, at the head of Lake Ontario. It contains a population of 40,000, has a considerable commerce and does much manufacturing, especially in iron work. The streets are well laid out, lined with shade trees, and are adorned with many handsome edificos. Ottawa, the seat of government of the Dominion of Canada, is the third city in size in the Province of Ontario, and has a population of 35,000, It is situated on the south bank of Ottawa River, which forms the boundaiy between Ontario and Quebec, ninety miles above its junction with the St. Lawrence, and 120 miles from Monti'eal. Besides being the centre of the lumber trade, with saw mills and match factories, it manufactures floui*, ironware, etc. Boats ply down the river to Monti'eal and up the stream 200 miles, also through the Rideau Canal to Kingston. This canal was constructed in 1827, at a cost of $2,500,000, to affoi*d a water-way for gunboats and shipping between the lower river and the lakes without passing up the St. Lawrence above Montreal. The site of Ottawa is picturesque, extending for two miles along the river from the beautiful Chaudi^re Falls to the Falls of the Rideau River. About midway, Parlia- ment Hill and Major's Hill rise to a height of 160 feet and front the river in bold blufis, the canal passing between them. Beyond Rideau River is the village of New J'kiinburgh, in which is Rideau, the official residence of the Governor General, and across the Ottawa is the lumbering :!ity of Hull, connected with the capital by a sus- pension bridge. The national buildings, which rank amongst the finest specimens of architecture on the continent, stand on Parliament Hill, on the banks of the Ottawa. They are of the Italian-Gothic style of the thirteenth century, the material 18 THE NEW WEST. boin;; cream- oolorod Potsdam Htono. Thoii- cost was 14,000,000. The corner-stone was laid by the Prince of WuIch, heir apparent to the British throne, in 1860, and five yoarH afterwardH, the first soHsion of Parliament was held in thorn. They consist of u main Imihlinj^ 473 foot lon^, with a tower 184 foot in hei^lit, and a nearly cir- cular library buildinf^ in rear, 90 foot in diamotor, the depth from the front to the rear of the library boing H70 foot. The library building alone cost 1350,000, and contains over 120,000 volumes. There are also two departmental buildings, known as the Macdonald and Mackenzie blocks — after the leaders of tho two great political parties of the day — and Homotimes styled tho Western and Eastern blocks. Ottawa is a city of modern growth, being of little importance when chosen by Her Majesty — to whom the soloction was referred— as the seat of Government, exactly thirty 3oars ago. There are several other large centres of poplation in this Province. London, like tho other and greater London, lies on the Thames, midway between Lukes Erie and Huron, and its local nomenclature is freely copied fi-om the city of which it aims to bo tho prototype. Oil refilling, wood and iron working, and other manufacturing are caiTied on very extensively. It has a population of about 30,000. Kingston, with a population of 15,000, is situated at the north-easterly extremity of Lake Ontario, and is the the termination of the Rideau canal. It is an important naval station, and is engaged largely in shipbuilding and manufacturing. From 1841 to 1844, it was tho capital of Canada. Guelph, a i-ailroad centre in Wellington County ; St. Catharines, on tho Welland Canal ; Brantford, Belleville, St. Thomas, Sratford, Chatham, Brockville, Peterborough, Port Hope, Woodstock, Gait, Lindsay, Whitby, Napanee, Oshawa, Cornwall, and Cobourg, are all important commercial and manufacturing cities, with populations relatively from 5,000 to 20,000. On tho river, dividing Ontario from tho State of Now-Yoi-k are the celebrated Falls of Nia- gara, one of the natural wonders of the world. I THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. The Province of Quebec — before Confederation known as Canada East or Lower Canada — is the second in population of the provinces of the Dominion. It has an area of about 210,000 square miles, and extends fr.m Ontario on the east to Labrador on the west, and lies on both sides of the St. Lawi^:i».o river, boi-dering on the States of New York, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, and tho Province of New Brunswick. Three-fourths of this ai*ea consist of Crown lands, which are sold ta sfettlers on easy terms, or the timber on which can be purchased by lumbermen. The province is divided into sixtj'-four counties, and contains the two large cities of Montreal . d Quebec. Tho climate is severe in tho long winter and warm in sum. mer, except Oi^ the Lower St. Lawrence, where the summere are cool. In a number of localities, the climate is much more moderate, especially in the Saguenay Valley and in south-eastern counties. Wheat, oats, barley, potatoes, buckwheat, fruit, wool and dairy products are extensively raised, and great numbers of horses and cattle are exported. In some sections, Indian corn does well. Tho exports are very great, consisting of manufactureu forest products, fish, oil, stock, wool, furs, grain, flour and metals. Shipbuilding is an important industry. Tho population is about 1,500,000, the great majority being of French descent THE PROVINCE OP QUEBEC. 1» and of f^ J nomun Catholic religion. Tt was this fact which led to the original deci- sion of Canada into two provincoM, since Ontario is chiefly settled by people- of British origin. Public schooln are maintained by tax, and small municipalitie» receive Government aid. S«'parato schoolw are maintained for Protestant children whenever desired by parontu. Besides throe normal schools supported by the Government, there are a score of universities and colleges, some of Ihem denomina- tional, and chiefly Roman Catholic. The capital of the province, Quebec, iioH on the north bank of the St. Lawrence, at its c\ The river is navigable by large vessels, and the city possesses a good harbor. Grain, potatoes, fish and pork are exported. Considerable manufactui-ing and ship- building are carried on. Summerside, Georgetown, Princeton, Bustico, Tignish, Alberton, Souris, Mount Stewart, Kensington, Montague, Breadalbane and Ci-epaud ai'e also prosperous places. With this brief outline of the Canada of the East, the reader is asked to accom- pany the writer on the westeni trail which leads " To the doorways of the West-wind, " To the portals of the sunset." 22 THE NEW WEST. NOBTH-WESTERN ONTARIO. ; i Following the course of the hardy voyugeurs of a century ago, on the great waterways, one passes through the tortuous phannels of the north shoi-e of Lake Huron, and entering the river and smaller lake of George, finds himself at Sault Ste. Marie, where the Dominion and the Republic are on'y separated by the beautiful rapids, whose white-capped waters do not i-ush so fiercely and impetuously as those of the Lachine or the far-away grand rapids of the Saskatchewan, They ai-e an -easy "shoot" for the Indian's birch-bark — and mui-mur like the lullaby of a child rather than with the roar and tumult of a mad torrent. The rapids are crossed — the two great nations are jr ined, as at Niagara — by a handsome cantilever bridge, over which the Canadian Pacific Railway carries long wheat-laden ti-ains from the Northwestern States to the seaboard, successfully competing with rival American roads. Above are ptly-named Superior's broad waters, stretching 400 miles westerly. Sailing o:er this great inland sea towards the setting sun, which leaves on the glistening waters a golden trail as if leading to the place of the gods, the traveller is entranced with the pleasures of the voyage ; and the enchantment gives way to awe when Thunder Cape, standing out boldly at the rocky entrance to the game named bay, safely guai-ded by islands, is reached. On Thunder Cape lies the huge Sleeping Giant, who for ages has been gazed upon with wonder-stricken eyes by the untutored red man, and around whom the romance of tradition still lingers. €ycles ago the old giant, becoming drowsy with the nectar which gods imbibe, fell prone and helpless in a drunken stupor, and to this day he remains, silent and un- disturbed, a warning to the wine-drinker. Nestling at the foot of the bay, on natural terraces sloping down to the waters' edge, lies Port Arthur, which has been named the halfway house between the old and the new Canada. The bay itself is a magnificent sheet of water, thirty miles in letfgth and sixteen wide, and it is •claimed for it that it resembles the famed Bay of Naples. The entrance to this natural harbor, as stated, is guarded by Thunder Cape and Pie Island, so called from its similarity in shape to an enormous pork pie, six miles distant, midway between which, two leaguea from the mainland, lie the gi-oup of Welcome Islands"— so named from the welcome sight they were to the dusky pioneers who were the freighters of Hudson's Bay fui-s in the early days. This entrance is, in the poetic language of the Highland Laddie when Governor-General, " the silver gateway to a northeiii inland San Francisco." The bay itself is usually calm and placid, with no squally tendencies, and foi-ms one of the finest and safest harbors imaginable. Near at hand •on the mainland, is Mount McKay, which rises to a height of nine hund'-ed and fifty feet above the level of the Kaministiquia River, which winds its way to the lake along 'ts base. Its almost perpendicular sides can be scaled with comj native ease in one or two places. Ifile Royale, at one time a part of the British American pro- vinces, latterly ceded to the United States, and now included in the State of Michigan, lies across the mouth of Thunder Bay in a north-easterly and south-westerly direc- tion, thirty-five miles distant from Port Arthur. It is about forty miles in extreme length, with an average breadth of eight miles. It is noted for its scenery, its many islands and beautiful harboi-s, it splendid tro«t streams, its ancient miners' diggings and its abandoned modern mines. The extinct race — perchance the mound-builders — have left here quaint and curious and interesting specimens of the tools and implements N0BTH-WE8TERN ONTARIO. 28 the they used in forgotten ages. Here also are found — the only place in the world — small beautifbl green stones called chlorastrolytes. The island is aninhabitmi. eave tem- porarily by American fishermen, and, being out of the regular course of travel, la not generally visited, as it would otherwise be. Forty miles from Port Arthur, on the Pigeon river, which forms the dividing line between Canada and the United States, are Pigeon Falls, which tumble over a ledge of rock ninety feet high, into a stone basin below. Ten miles further along the coast is located the Grana Portage, over which in the fui'-trading days the supplies of the traders were taken to the interior ports, and it is the only place in the United States where British goods can be taken through without bonding or customs regulations, the river and the portage being common to the people of both countries. Fifteen miles from Port Arthur, up the tortuous Kaministiquia, ai-e the Eakabeka Falls, one hundred and thirty feet high and two hundred feet wide — one of the most magnificent pieces of natural scenery the eye of poet or painter ever a;velt upon. The Eaministiquia Eiver empties into Thunder Bay thi-ee miles from Port Arthur. Its rich sounding Indian name, inter- preted, signifies the Eiver of Many Mouths, as there is a delta formed at its mouth which divides its dark, quiet watars into two streams. The river is navigable for nine miles — the latter five for light draught steamers only — to Point de Mem-on, which still retains the name of the German soldier whose career was so intimately identified with the Northwest. On the vex-dure-clad banks of this noble river are Fort William, Neebing— of political fame — and the curious old Jesuit Mission. The village of Fort William, now a hustling, thriving place, was originally the principal post of the Hudson's Bay Company on Lake Superior, and, although the post has been abandoned and deserted for some years, the quaint old houses remain a land- mark tinged with the romance of primitive greatness, of old-time gatherings, of days of royal feastings, of profitable ventui-es from which the west contributed to the coflfera of the eact, and of cruel strife and bloodshed. The bustling days of primitive commerce have passed away, add another era of commercial greatness has set in. The great " Company," whose operations extended over the continent from ocean to ocean, and from the Missouri to the ramparts on the Ai-ctic seas, has been succeeded by an equally gigantic, but not so exclusive, corporation — the Canadian Pacific Rail- way, the shrill whistles of whose fast-speeding locomotives rudely disturb the solitude of the forests and rocks as, years ago, did the blood-iurdlin^ war cry of the red man ^nd the merry French soug of the passing voyageur. Fort William is now a " smart" town with a rapidly increasing population. Here are located the mammoth coal docks and the huge elevators of the Canadian Pacific, with a capacity of several millions of bushels — one of the elevatore being the largest on the continent. POET AETHUE. Eecently known to Canadians as Prince Arthur's Landing, from the fact that a son of Her Majesty landed here — is a rapidly growing and progressive town, with a population of between 5,000 and 6,000. Although until the opening of the great transcontinental road, it was entirely cut off during the winter months from the outside world, it now has communication all the year round. It posbosses 24 THE NEW WEST. II I n Masons, a Eoyal Arch < Independent Order of clubs, a rifle company, and canoe clubs, two all the faciliti^B and social advantages of a much larger place, having Episcopal, Boman Catholic, Methodist, Pi-esbyterian and Baptist Churches, good public schools, Boman Catholic sepai'ate school, a Convent, and a general hospital. It is the terminus of both the Eastern, or Lake Superior Division, and the Western, or Prairie Division of the Canadian Pacific Eailway. It is the head-quartere of the grain elevator and grain inspection system of the Canadian North-West, having, in addition to its elevator, large and commodious railway and private whai-ves, and a Government break-water, which, when completed, will be five thousand two hundred and eighty feet in length, making the inner and outer harbors of a capacity seldom equalled. It is the district town or capital of the Thunder Bay portion of the great Algoma District, which has an area of at least fifty thousand square miles, and is consequently the seat of the various law courts, as well as having all the public buildings of the District ; it is the divisional head-quarters of the Canadian Pacific Bailway, the chief customs port, head office of the collector of inland revenue and agcinoy of the Dominion Indian department and of the Provincial depai-tment of crOwn lands, besides having large and extensive wholesale and retail business houses. The secret societies, ni' ber amongst them a lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted pte., llnight Templara Encampment, and a society of the dfellows. It has a Mechanics' Institute, two snow-shoe hilharmonic society, volunteer fire brigade, yacht, rowing banks, and a board of trade, incorporated under the laws of the Dominion of Canada, saw and planing mills, lumber and coal yards, machine shops and foundry, two roller skating rinks, and is the distributing point for the North-Western coal and lumber trade. It boasts of having daily, weekly, and mining newspapers, and its hotel accommodation is unsurpassed. The rich silver and gold mines in the district contiguous to Port Arthur give promise of great development. The Lauren tian Mountains, e" closing the basin of Lake Superior are ascertained to be as rich in mineral as the Marquette, Outanagan and Vermilion mines of Wisconsin and Minnesota, while in the same formation, extending south-westwardly from Port Arthur to the intermediate boun- daiy, no fewer than eight silver mines have proved remunerative. The exports of silver ore to the United States alone last year was $250,000. And yet this silver district has only recently been discovered, and its development has been delayed by the want of railway communication with Port Ai'thui", a want which will likely be overcome by the construction of the Thunder Bay Colonization Railway. The min- ing laws of the Province of Ontario, are very liberal, and any one, whether a citizen or not, may own and operate mining lands, which may be purchased from the Crown at $2 per acre, and there are no restrictions as to the quantity any one may pui'- chase. The gold district is a little farther to the west, its development likewise has haa been retarded by the want of railway communication. In addition to gold and silver, copper, iron, lead, zinc, bismuth, antimony, mica, marble, red and white sandstone, and many other minerals and stones, are known to exist in paying quan- tities. To the north and east lies Silver Islet — a little dot in Superior, from which millions of wealth have been extracted. The climate of the North Shore is very invigorating. The winters are cold, cleai-, calm and embracing, and although the thermometer will range low for very many days at a time, it has no bad eflfect on the health of the inhabitants, who are singularly free from lung troublee. The sum- m I 1 "it ■ w Jl Lt^' ^^^ll W^: '.£■ ^■J '-.'¥**.■ - .f , y ■' , i'i ■'' i il' •1^ m'". ''^■'■d ;|pf 11 W- ' HH iif i ^r 1 • ' aJ y m r I y ■^ u p n t j i ft i iiiuu jiia . '4 \ t:^'} \ ,( \ •i ■■ %>:'' i 4 ;%- m fei. .:. ^ il II! !1 a ■A -1 r. I'. K. I.VKi; HiKAMKIi. .SCKSH NDAIt I'OHT AKTHUK. POBT ARTHUR. 25 mer morithH ure particulurly d(tlighti\il, bright, cloarHUiiiiy duyH, quite warm enough to bo ploatiaiit, with cool nightH. To tho touriHt, the country oiforH a serieti of de> lightH. Oarne in plontlfui, trout HtreaiiiH aro numorouH, from tho widuly known Nopigon, tho King of trout HtroamM, down to tlie Bluclcun/.ie, tho Oarp, the Blonde, the Curront, tho Molntyro, 8ix-Milo Oroolc and MuViuar'H. Tlio hay in a magnifi- cent Hhoot for Bailing, rowing and oanooing ; tlio auenery ia grand and improHHlve — and it in no wonder that Hummor after Hummor many uro attracted to this romantic elyalum. Tho country woat ia a donao wildornesa of roelc, moraaa and foroHt, but rich in mineral wealth. To the aouth, on the Amoricun boundary, ia the fertile Rainy River region, which ia fairly aettled, and capable of the production of ooreala and vegeta- blofl in large quantitiea. At Port Francea are tho romaina of the celebrated locks which, before the needa and tho capabilitior* of ' ho fertile went wore underatood, were contemplated aa improvementa to the waterwaya which were to form a part of the great tranaoontineutal route. Hereabouta aro valuable foroata of pine and apruoe, soon to be utilized for the bonefltof man by tho oonHtruction of a railway. The Lake of the Wooda, a iovely sheet of water, tho northern part of which is a labyrinth of iaianda, ia of historical interest, from the fact that it baa been the starting point for tho international lx>undary line in every treaty between the United States and Great Britain ; and it was on ita shores and islets that Verendrye built forts which wore maintained as the buHO of his journeys acroaa the great plains. It was on one of the numerous ialets, too, that one of his sons, with a priest and twenty-one voyagenrs, were maaaacred by tho Sioux. The lake opens out to the south-weat into a wide tra- verse, but in the north it is completely dotted with islands which possess a storo of mineral richness now on the eve of being developed. On tho one hand, for a thou* Hand miles, there i' dense forests, and muskegs, and Laurontian rooks ; for a thou* sand miles on the ether the^e ia a fertile alluvial plain. Juat above Rat Portage it empties into the Winnipeg river, and, foaming and spuming, paaaea over the Winni- peg Falls, and in erratic course flows to Lake Winnipeg, and thence to Hudson's Bay. The scenery of the lake is picturesque, charming to the eye, and tho aurroundings are delightf\il. At the falls are located the mammoth milla of the Lake of the Woods Milling Co., believed to be tho largest in America. The mill is llOx&O feet, and there is a warehouse of the same dimensions, with an elevator with a capacity for 2&0,000 bushels, and another is to be erected with a capacity for three quarters of a million of bushels.' The mill, which is built of native granite quarried on an island in close proximity, has a capacity of twelve hundred barrels of floor per day, and cost over a quarter of a million of dollars. Tho water-power is unsurpassed, and, doubtless, in the near future, another gigantic mill will be erected, and make this one of the great milling centres of Canada. Tho bai-rels used are made on the spot from poplar wood, and altogether about 300 poi'sona ^nd employment in the place. In the vicinity are six extenaivo saw-milla, wlio^^e output annually is five hundred thousand feet. 8 THE NEW WEST. PRINCIPAL BUSINESS PLACES OF PORT ARTHUR. AlcoBM Hoiue« Merrill & Hoddor, Proprieton, Cumberland street, Port Arthur.— Prominent among the hotels of Port Arthur, and ranking in the list of the finest in the country, iii the Algoma House, which is centrally and pleasantly situated on Cumberland street, between Arthur and Park str?et8. It is a three storey briok build- ing, having a frontage of S6 feet, and extending back M feet, and is one of the finest appearing hotel structures in the city or Iforthwest. The house contains fifty hand- somely furnished bedrooms and suites, with elegant par- Ion, spaoioos corridors and large offices, all of which are furnished in the most tasteful and comfortable manner. The dining-room is a large airy apartment, which will seat over one hundred gnests, and is well arranged in every piirtioular. Particular attention is paid to the table, and tbu menu is always of the oboioest description, the ouisiuo being in charge of the most aocomplished cooks to be ob- tained, while the attendance cannot be surpassed. Con- neuted with the house are excellent sample rooms for the oonvoiiiencc of commercial travellers, many of whom make the Algoma their headquarters. The bar is stocked with a choice assortment of wines, liquors and cigars. Twenty-f ve employees are required in the different depart- ments of the hotel. The proprietors of the house are John Merrill and Qeorge Uodder, who are both highly esteemed by all who enjoy their acquaintance. The Algoma can be heartily recommended to all visitors to the Northwest. WtlliMn Btsliop * Co., Retail Grocers and Dealers in China and QIassware, South Water street. Port Arthur. —Previous to the year 1887, this bnd been the business of Thomas Ma.ks A Co., for whom Mr. liishop, for several years, was general manager, and then purchiised the stock. It was not to be apprehended that such a change of owner- ship would injure the worth and popularity of the old establishment Neither did it. Mr i shop's genius still presides; and naturally he is not less active in the inter- ests of customers and his own. The stock rates in value at $10,000 ; the annual product, $60,000. Mr. Bishop's long residence in Port Arthur has made bin intimately acquainted with the locality at large, its inhabitants, resources, and general prospects. He came originally from Ottawa. The firm makes a specialty of supplying parties visiting Port Arthur or vicinity lor the purpose of fishinx ; also exploring parties will find it to their advantage by calling at the above mentioned place. The territory visited by th is firm extends east as far as Sudbuiy Junction and as far west OS Rat Portage. H. Isbester, Wholesale and Retail Qroceries, Hard- ware, Boots and Shoes, Liquors and Tobaccos, Arthur street, near Cumberland, Port Arthur.— This house was founded in 1884, and from the very start it has enjoyed a prosperous career. The pren vi occupied are very spacious and commodious, admirably arranged and equipped with every facility for the transaction of busi- ness. The stock carried is valued at $45,000, and the annual business reaches the enormous sum of $135,000 to $160,000. It includes a full and complete assortment of staple and fancy goods, teas, coffees, canned goods, hard- ware (heavy and shelf), boots and shoes, liquors, cigars and tobaecoB ; also full lines in miners' supplies. Only the best and purest goods are handled, and the reputation of the house in this respect is established be- yond the requirements of praise. The facilities of the firm for transacting business are of an unusually complete character, enabling it to o£>ir special advantages to cus- tomers and to fill all orders in the promptest and most satisfactory manner. ' Two travelling men are constantly kept on the road as far east as Sudbury Junction, and west as far as Rat Portage, stopping at all mining and lumbering towns and lake ports. The firm is a direct im- porter of teas from China and Japan, also importers of all classes of goods f^m the old country, enabling it to com- pete with Toronto, Montreal and Winnipeg houses. Mr. Isbester personally is one of the most popular business men in Port Arthur, and is well entitled to the esteem that energy and reliability always inspire. The firm are also heavy importers of fishermen's tackle, such as r ets, lines, rods, flies, hooks, and goods in this line of all description. Parties coming to Port Arthur on fishing excursions will do well by calling at the above mentiontd place . W. J. Clsirke, Wholesale and Retail Druggist and Chemist, comer of Arthur and Cumberland streets.— At the comer of Arthur and Cumberland streets, the hand- some and attractive pharmacy of W. J. Clarke is located, and is stocked with the finest and most complete st<)ck of PORT ARTHUR. 21 pungooda and medioinei, perftiinerieit fuiey goodi, toilet krtiolM, and everything pertaining to a well regnlated wtabliahment of thii >'.id, in endleu v.iriety and the finest quality to be found in the otty. The atore ia large and apaoioua, and the gooda are arranged and displayed in an extraordinarily attractive manner. This is one of the moat noted eatabliahmenta in thia part of the oityi aud en- joys a reputation of which Mr. Clarke haa a right to be prond. The buaineaa, which waa founded by Mr. Clarke in 1871, with amall onpital, haa grown into ita handaome pro- portiona through the untiring energy and enterpriae of ita proprietor, who ia a highly populrr gentleman, poaaeaaing the confidence of the buaineaa community, and enjoying the reapeot and patronage of an appreciative publiO' Mr. Clarke ia an experienced pharmaceutiat, and paya special attention to compounding pbysioianF' preaoripliona in a careful and accurate manner, using only the best and purest ingredients. In connection with the drug business, the firm handlea paints, oils, atationery, fancy goods and eigara, commanding an extenaive trade along the north ahore of Lake Superior and the mining districta. Bodeffa Hotel and Be«taarMitt< W. O. Johnaton, Proprietor, comer Park and Cumberland atreeta, Port Arthur.— Mr. Johnaton haa been ao long and favorably known aa a hotel-keeper to the people of Port Arthur and the travelling public, that it iaunneoesaarytoenteraword of praiee in reference to a houae conducted by him. Mr. Johnston came to Port Arthur in 1884, and has been con- tinuoualy engaged in the hotel buaineaa ever since that date, being proprietor of the old Bodega which waa burned to the ground in the great fire of 1886, but Phoenix-like haa riaen from the aahea once more, ia proprietor of one of the moat comfortable hotela in the city. It ia a hand- aome two-storey brick building, 130 x 60 feet in aiae, situ- ated on the corner of Park and Cumberland atreels, thus eAioying many advantagea of position. Its close proximity to the C. P. R. and steamboat landings muat commend it to travellera. The hotel contains twenty neatly furnished sleeping rooma, comfortably warmed during oold weather, and haa alao in connection the only flrat-claaa reataurant to be found in the city. The bar is stocked with the beat winea, liqnora and eigara in the market. Fifteen em- ployeea are required in the varioua departmenta of the hotel. The dining-room ia a oommodioua one, and the table ia equal to the beat in the city. Mr. Johnston being a gentleman of lengthy experience in the hotel busineaa, the Bodega ia now run in a atrictly first-class manner, and is the recipient of a large and increasing public patronage. Francis Wlttaerapoon, Wholesale and Retail Har- ness Manufactory, Arthur street, Po:t Arthur.— An indus- trial review of thia enterpriaing city would be far from complete which omitted prominent mention of the old eatablished house which is made the subject of the present sketch. The b'lsiness waa founded by Mr, Witherspoon some five years ago. The premises occupied are eligibly situated and admirably arranged and equipped with the moat improved machinery and applianoea, employment being given to none but akilled workmen. Among the produota of the factory are hameaa, aaddlee, haltera, brid lea, fly-neta, robea, blankets, whipaand bruahea. Thoae gooda are unexcelled for auperiority of workmanahip and finiah. They are made from the best materials and in the moat skilful manner, and have a standard reputation in the trade. The facilities of the firm for transacting buai- neaa are of a atrictly first-class character, enabling it to offer special advantages to customers and to execute all orders in the promptest and moet aattafactory manner. Mr. Witherapoon came here from Winnipeg, and his career bears evidence of his aterlii:g personal worth and ability. He also deals largely in trunks and valises, Mattbewa A Fiwser, Wholesale and Retail Dry Qooda and Oents' Fumiahinga, Port Arthur.— One of the beat known and most popular dry gooda eatabliahmenta in the city is that conducted by Messrs. Matthews Sc Fraaer, and splendidly situated on Cumberl^.nd street. The busi- ness was started some fourteen years ago by M. Street A Brother, the present firm buying out the establishment in 1887. Meaars. Matthews & Fraser are both wholesale and retail dealers in dry goods and gouts' furnishings. The store is filled from end to end with aa large, varied and attractive a line of goods as any one could deaire, and the atock ia kept supplied with frequent invoioea of all the lateat novelties and newest patternti. The beautiful man- in which the goods are displayed, the perfect neatness in which everything in the establishment is kept— not aspeck of dust ia allowed to accumulate anywhere, aa is too fre- quently the case in many large eetabliahments— speaks volumes for the good taste and the high appreciation of the advantages to be derived from an attractive and pleasant place in which to greet customers of Messrs. Matthews & Fraser, the popular proprietors, who take much pride in this aa well as in all other features of the business. The new stock of dry gooda, carpets, ailka, mantles and fur goods just received by this firm, ia the largest in the city, and ofiers to patrons a great variety of atyles and designs. They have on hasd an especially fine aaaortment of dress gooda in every atyin and ahade. The large atook carried by this firm amounts to about $25/)00, while the annual business is from $40,000 to $60,000. The members of the firm are J. L. Matthews and J. H. Fraaer. Both gentlemen are widely known, ard the establishment is favorably mentioned on all hands. Tbe Baaaar, J. L. Meikle, Cumberland street. Port Arthur, Wholeaale and Retail Fancy Qooda.— Webster gives the meaning of the word " bazaar" as " a spacious hall, • suit of rooma, fitted up v?»h counters or stands for the sale of gooda. A viait to the Bazaar on Cumberland street ahows not only the internal arrangements given by our American lexicographer, but also that the " rooms" and " atanda" are overapread with choice quantitiea of ancy gooda of all deacriptions, muaiofl inatniments, ata- tionery, confectionery, etc., ett.; the extent of the atotk at large being almost incredible, and, according to the testimony of many tourists, not to be excelled in any city of the Dominion, 'fhe building in which this fine display is to be seen is in itself remarkable and well worthy of description :— 36 x 85 feeti two atoreya in height with a fifteen feet ceiling. There are eight plate glaaa windowa, 7 X 11 feet, and two 3 feet 6 inchea by 11 feet each. The interior ia divided into eleven departments. Four carved and maaaive iron pilUra > jpport the roof ; twenty chande- liera, the light from which upon the ma^iy mirroraand ele- gant gooda makes a charming aoene. There are thirteen (13) diflerent countera, with staow-oaaea, enoircling the room, and aeven in the centre. Each of tbe departments referred to haa ita one deaoription of gooda. On entering the firat, hooka are the attraction, from thoae of the youngest school boy or girl to tbe best bound classical works ; magazines, periodicals and newspapers being alao represented. Blank books, legal and commercial, and* fine stock of fancy paper and envelopes are to be seen in the next, or aeoond department, while tbe thiid ia remark- 28 THE NEW WEST. Jl I : i. I able for its tempting array of confeotionory, ranging from the child'a favorite bull's-eye and sagar-stiok to thoae higher varieties which the ladies so much enjoy. Next we have a soene specially for the fair sex, consisting of fancy woolsi Bilks, ladies' embroideries, infants' clothes, suits for young boys and girls, slipper patterns, berlin wools, dressmaking patterns, toilet and ornamental articles. The greater portion of this ohuice stock comes direct from England and Germany ; all the latest designs are kept in stock, and the now and pleasing can always be seen. The musician will also be gratified in the Bazaar, where he will find musical instruments in variety — violins, banjos, gui- tars, concertinas, harps, flutes, etc.; also, organs and pianos, imported and of domestic manufacture, ranging in value from $300 to $900. There are elegant articles in ladies' companions and writing desks, albums up to $20, in pluilh, Russian leather and vellum. There are, also, on the north side oases, a fine stock of silver table plate. In addition to all this, and much more of a most valuable and extensive stock, could be described a large assortment of wall papers, trunks, valises and children's carriages. The store is further adorned by a varied assortment of cut glass goods, artificial flowers, statuary in bronze, brass and white marble, fine cbroroos and engravings. Mr. Meikle is also agent for the Wanzer sewing ma- chine, of which he has already sold, in the immediate district, several hundreds. The business, of which we have given an imperect sketch, commenced in 1882. Its operations may be said to be bounded on the one side by Winnipeg and on the other by Ottawa, not unfre- quently meeting customers from each of these cities, and while aome may oonjeoture that the stock carried is heavy— more than $35,000 for this section of the country- Mr. Meikle finds it to bo profitable and of daily increasing value. The increase of business in a recent month ex- oeedeci $2,000 over any similar period since it oom- menoed. Mr. Meikle does a considerable wholesale trade in many lines throughout this district, and has all con- fidence in the growth and prosperity of Port Arthur. C O. LalODde, Wholesale and Retail Boots and Shoea, Trunks and Valises, Port Arthur.— The leading boot, shoe and rubber house, at the comer of Arthur and Cumberland streets, is one of the finest and best ar- ranged stores on the entire street, with one of the largest, most complete and varied stock of boots and shoes in the «it7, Mr. Lalonde will be found ever ready to greet with a l>leasant reception any number of friends and patrons to his well known establishment. 'I'he business was started two years ago ; since then Mr. Lalonde, through his enter- prise and ability, has been doing a very li>'.rge and steadily -increasing business. No establishment nnjoys a higher erous business, the popularity of the proprietor and the .high esteem in which the establishment is held is fully merited. The stock of ready made goods comprises every imaginable article in footware, and is selected with great «are and judgment. J. D. King k Ck>.'R fine shoes and «ther makes are always kept in stock, embracing the most desiraK t and most reliable goods for men, women, boys, miss' it children. The business has increased month by month, until at the present time the stock car- ried amounts to about $9,000, while the annual business aggregati $20,000 to $2&,000. Mr. Lalonde is a man of sterling integrity and enjoys the esteem and confidence of « large circle of friends and patrons. P. Lsibby A Co., Wholesale and Retail Qrooeries, Provisions and Crockery, Cumberland street, Port Arthur. —This \z a branch of business which cannot be overlooked by any family, and in a careful, detailed examination or review of the various commercial interests that have given Port Arthur the celebrity that it enjoys, it is pleasing to notice that the grocery trad'« takes such a prominent position as it does. One of the best known and most universally patronised grocery establishments in the city is that eonduoted by P. Labby A Co . , eligibly situated on Cumberland street. The premises occupied by the firm are large and commodioue, admirably ar- ranged and fitted up with every facility and convenience for the successful carrying on of the business. This firm carries a full and complete line of choice groceries, com- prising every article pertaining to this line, including fine teas, choice family groceries, pure spices, sugars, coffees, rousted and green, canned goods, and in fact all articles usually found in a first-class metropolitan establishment of this description. This house has also in stock a very large and complete assortment of provisions, and transacts an extensive buisness in fruits, all varieties in season being obtainable here. Having a good location, and en- joying the patronage of the best class of citizens, P. Labby & Co. are doing a good trade. The firm carry a large api complete stock, including wines and liquors. J. C. TlviMi, Wholesale and Retail Clothing and Gents' Fumishings, Cumberland street, next to the Bazaar, Port Arthur.— In detailing the various interests which have made Port Arthur the great metropolis of the Canadian lake ports of the Northwest, the clothing trade deserves special mention. The number of Louses engaged in this business probably exceeds thoae in any other branch, except groceries, and next to what we eat, we must always consider what we shall wear. Clothing may be truly said to be one of the necessaries of life. Among the many establishments in this oily devoted to retail clothing and gents' furnishings, that of Mr. Vivian, on Cumberland street, deserves special mention, and for this reason, that Mr. Vivian has built up at his stand a business which ever shows increasing signs of assuming large dimensions, while his preseat trade is of most re- spectable proportions. His prosperity in business has been the merited result of push and determination, enter- prise and energy, when backed up with good business capabilities and judgment in the buying of stock, will al- ways win success. The amount of stock carried is about $10,000, while the annual business foots up to the hand- some figure of $35,000 to $40,000. Mr. Vivian occunies a prominc:nd around Thunder Bay, Kakabeca Falls, Fort William, Kaministiquia River, and places too numer- ous to mention. Mr. Cooke having several hundred sets of views, will send catalogue to all those making an applica- tion of same. We cannot recommend Mr. Cooke too highly, who has spared no expense and labor in getting up this fine and large collection. Western Hotel, Charles Ilayne, proprietor, corner Cumberland and Cameron streets, Port Arthur.— The Western Hotel is one of the most convenient and comfort- able hotels in the city, and has been since its opening, which occurred in the summer of 1887. The hotel is a three storey brick building, containing twenty elegantly furnished sleeping rooms and parlors. It is eligibly situated, on the comer of Cumberland and Cameron streets, and is within easy distance of the C. P. R. station, and at the same time in close proximity to the central business portion of the city. The dining hall is well fur- nished, and the table and cooking are unsurpassed by any hotel in the city The bar is well supplied with the choicest wines, liquors and cigars. The hotel commands an ex- cellent view of the bay and surrounding mountains. Mr. Hayne, who looks after the comfort of his guests, makes the hotel a pleasant resort for parties visiting Port Arthur on pleasure or business. Geo. Moorlnv, Furniture and Upholstering, Cumber- land street. Port Arthur.— Prominent among the many houses engaged in the sale of furniture and the manufao- ture of upholstered goods is the firm of Qeo. Mooring, whose salesroom is situated on Cumberland street. This firm has been in business here four years, ana haa met with a large amount of success. Their premisea are large and commodious and eligibly situated, and has a fine stock of furniture on band, while Mr. Mooring attends to all kinds of upholstering. A special feature of this house is the low prices at which the goods are sold. Mr. Moor- ing, believing in large sales and small profits, has found the sure road to a prosperous business, and judging from the large and lucrative patronage extended to him, ha must be correct. The stock carried amounts to about $5 000, while the annual business sums up to $12,000 to $16,000. Mr. Mooring is very favorably known through- out the city as a thorough business man of the strictest integrity. Oliver Dttunaia is a name long te be •■emembered and reverenced in this district. He was the first man who penetrated our mining region, and one of the first who made themselves acquainted with our general resources- It would be difficult, if at all possible, !to determine the amount of good which followed his researches and dis- coveries. As the first white man who entered our mining region, he set an example of energetic enterprise which told on naturally timid men who followed and were in- spired by his brave determination. Mr. Daunais was born in Montreal, of French parents, and moved, no doubt, by the same blood that urged on such a number of French and French-Canadian ad- venturers, we find him at an early age moving to St. Paul, Minnesota, whence in good time he proceeded to old Fort Qarry, from that to the banks of the Saskatchewan, where he found genial excitement for twelve years in hunting the buffalo, this noble chase leading him from the head waters of the Missouri to the North Saskat- chewan, arriving at last, some fourteen years sinco, in our mining locality, where he has added the reputation of a shrewd business man to that of a bold and ad- venturous traveller. He is the discoverer of the Dele- brated Beaver silver mine, and has just sold hi own eighth interest in it for $100,CO0. He is also the dis- coverer of the Silver Mountain and Porcupine mines, and is part owner of both these valuable properties. He re- joices in the ownership, also, of fifty of the best silver mine locations in this country. Those desirous of se- curing an interest in our mining wealth, or desiring full and acourate information respecting the country generally, should not hesitate to apply to Mr. Daunais, who, as the oldest and best posted prospector on the shores of Lake Superior, is an eminently safe man to consult. FOBT WILLIAM. 81 PROMINENT BUSINESS HOUSES OF FORT WILLIAM. Allen HcDoacAll, Wholenle and Ketail Orooeriea, Boots and Shoes and Glothing.Qore (treat, Fort William.— One of the best arranged and complete estabUghmenta in Fort William is that of Allen MoDougall's on Qore street. Started some four years ago, this house has gained a busi- ness whioh amounts to about $30,000 per annum. Mr. MoDougall is a dealer, both wholesale and retail, in gro- oeries, dry goods, boots and shoes, clothing and miners' supplies, etc., and oarries a most extensive stock in all the lines enumerated. The popularity of this hoube is undoubtedly due to the faot that all the goods sold here are of the best and finest qualities, and only reasonable prices are asked. Mr. MoDougall's thorough experience in the business gives him special advantages in the selec- tion of bis stock, of which his many customers get the benefit. Mr. MoDougall is very popular personally, being Town Councillor, and as a business man he sustains an excellent reputation for integrity and honorable dealing, and he well deperves the high esteem in which he is held. Mr. MoDougall has also in connection the only merchant tailoring establishment in the town, carrying a full and oomplete line of Canadian, foreign, and domestic goods. A perfect fit guaranteed. The premises occupied are large and commodious, the building being 24 x 75 feet in size. 4|aeai's Hotel, James J. Hammond, Proprietor, opposite C. P. R. Station, Fort William.— The Queen's Hotel, opposite the Canadian Pacific Railway Station, -offers inducements to those desiring comfortable quarters, which cannot but commend it to the attention of the travel- ling public. This house passed into the possession of the present proprietor in 1884. It is a large building and is noted for its comforts and excellent accommodations. On the first floor are the office and dining-room, and a fine bar stocked with the best wines, liquors and cigars. On the second floor are the parlors and large ar.J well appointed sleeping rooms. The house throughout is well] furnished and has an air of comfort about whioh is pleasing to the weary traveller, its close proximity to the C. P. B. Sta- tion is an advantage over all other hotels in the city. The dining-room is large and commodious and capable of seat- ing over one hundred guests, and the tables are always supplied with the best the market affords and all the delicacies in season. There is also in connection with the hotel the only hall in the city, having a seating capacity of 300. Fort William being one of the best show towns of its sise in the country, theatrical companies who are travel- ling over this route would find it to their advantage by corresponding with Mr. Hammond. All passenger trains stop here twenty-five minutes for dinner. A. H«3l4iren, Wholesale and Retail Dry Goods, Boota and Shoes, Qrooeries and Provisions, corner of Brown and Qore streets, Fort William.— The business of this house was founded in the year 1876 by Mr- A. C. McLaren, nnd is now one of the most popular and best known dry good* and clothing establishments in Fort William, and is worthy of special mention in this work. The premises at the comer of Brown and Goro streets are well arranged and admirably adapted for the business. No house in the city offers greater inducements to the purchaser than this, and no establishment at least enjoys a finer trade. The popularity of the firm is due to the libp'al policy and prompt business habits of the proprietor and the cordial manner in which everyone visiting the establishment is treated by him and his employees, as well as the general excellence of the stock and thk oomplete and choice assort- ment that is at all timesdispi.veiand the low and popular prices at whioh the goods are soj^. The store is supplied with A carefully selected stock oi about $5,000 in value, while the annual business foots ut to large proportions. Mr. McLaren, since his connection' 'riththe business inter- ests of the city, has shown a spiri. of enterprise that has achieved for himself and house an enviable position among the successful business men of the day. Mr. Mc- Laren holds the position of treasurer of this municipality, and i nalso postmaster of Fort William. J. T. Betbnne A Co., Wholesale and Retail Clothing, Gents' Furnishings, Groceries and Provisions, corner of Brown and Ann streets. Fort William.— One of the largest and finest stores in Fort William is that of J. T. Bethunn k Co. The proprietor of this establishment baa bad the advantage of a lengthy business experience, which he has turned to good aooount since he opened at the present stand last year, and has stocked it with a splendid assort- ment of goods, valued at about $6,000. This stock com- prises the best lines of clothing and a magnificent lot of gents' furnishings, while the assortment of staple and fancy groceries is unsurpassed by any other house in the city. That they tare doing a large and prosperous busi- ness is evidenced by their sales, which will probably amount to $25,000 a year- The popularity of thia establishment is due to the faot that the stock is all new and fresh, and importations of the latest styles in clothing and gents' furnishings are being constantly re- ceived. Mr. Bethune himself is very popular with aU who know him, and he has obtained a splendid reputation in trade circles by his energy, push and enterprise, added to a rigid adherence to honorable business methods- He is evidently entered upon a most proeperous business career. i! ! 82 THE NEW WEST. John Klnv, Wholeaale and Retail Dry Gooda, Boots and Sho«i, Qrooeries and ProTiiiona, corner of Brown and Oore Rtreeta, Fort William. One of the leading houaea •ngaced in the Dry Oooda and Oeneral Store buaineaa in Fort William ia that of John King, wboae eatabliahment ia aituated on the eomer of Brown and Oore streets. Mr. King has jaDt reason to be proud of the aaooeas whioh he has aohievedin establishing himself in suoh a prominent position in oonneotion with the general trade of the city. The store, whioh is large and oommodiona, and filled with a large, attraotire and varied line of the best gooda, and the stook is kept replenished with frequent importations of the newest patterns and latest noveltiea in linena, dresa goods, hosiery, whitegooda, ailks, eloaka, shawls, etc., also a large and well selected stook of boots and shoes, groceries and provisions. An excellent quality of goods are always to be found in this establishment< Mr. King has ever manifested a public spirited policy and aided always to promote Fort William's welfare and prosperity and the growth of Western Ontario. Batlcds* Bmm., Wholesale and Retail Diy Oooda^ Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Qrooeries and Prorisioni,. Brown street, Fort William.— One of the best known eaUbliahments in FOrt William ia that of Rutledge Bros. The business was started three years ago and has grown and prospered under oareful management until it now assumes large dimensions. At this store is found a splen- did assortment of dry goods, suoh |as tlik, dresa roods, hosiery, white gooda, etc., olothing, h'Ua, oapa, aUitie and. fancy groceriea. The great and poitular feature of this establishment is that the stock is alirays fresh, being fre- quently turned over In the oouitc ri' a year. In clothing, boots and shoes and gents' f^rr'.ahing goods and dry goods a most complete and extensive stook is kept, and a visit to this emporium and a trial of the gooda will convince anyone that here they can obtain durable and stylish goods. The members of this firm are B. S. and A. E. Rut- ledcj, both universally popular' and respected,! and arft noted for their honorable methods and sterling integrity. J 5 I-I > ■; 'M RAT PORTAOli. RAT PORTAGE, ONT. Rat Poi-tago in vary prettily situated at the head of the lake (V^il miles from Winnipeg), iind promises not only to he a place of soiae importance commercially, but a famed suminor rewort— a Saratoga for the people of the Red Rive • Valley. East of the village the scenery is of the wildest description, and deep, rock-bound lakes ever meet and charm the traveller's eye. The Lake of the Woods is the largest body of water touched by the 0. P. R. between Superior and tho Pa<;itic. Rat Portage, unfortunately, owing to the difficulty horet(;foro existing i.i obtaining patants to mining lands, has not made the progress that its admirable location gave promise to in the early days of gold-flnding, and the lack of capital hno prevented it occupying that important position amongst the towns of Northwestern Onia.-io that it should. But this drawback is apparently about to be overcome, and then it may be antici- pated the bright hopes of its inhabitants will bo fully realized. It haw a popula'tion of about 800, supports several very good hotels, has an entei'prising journal, the " News," schools, churches, etc. On to tho west, gradually nearing the dividing line of tho Laurentian and allu- vial regions, CrossLako, where countless thousands of rock and earth, filling in the construction of the railway across an arm, disappeared in its apparentlj* bottomless watei-s. Whitemouth, where the lumber industry is again vigorously carried on,— are passed, and tho famous Red River Valley, which is a valley in name only, is entered. Intbbior View of Canadian Pacific Coi-onmt Car. M THE NEW WEST. h i i PROMINENT BUSINESS HOUSES OF RAT PORTAGE. Bwk«r * Co., " The One Prim Ouh Store," RiU I'ort- we, Ont. , MUbliahed 1879.— Tbe Importance of Rat Portace •I a oohtre of the wholeiale or Jubbiiif trade oiin aoaroely be orer-eatimated, aa the inoreaaing of the annual tran- laotiona at thia p'aoe abundantly demonatrate. Prominent among the leading houaea in thia line la Uaker A Co., proprietora of "The One Prioe Caah Store." Mr. Wllliani L. Baker, of thia firm, oame to the North-Weat In 1879 with a thorough praotioal bualneaa training, and with fifteen yeara eiperlenoe of oomuieroial routine, lie eatab- lialied the bualneaa In that year, and ita career baa been steadily proaperoua Alwaya a atrenuoua advocate of the oaah aystem aa the only correct baala of trade between the re- tailer and the conaumer, Mr. Baker made the oaah ayatem the vital principle of hia bualneaa, and haa rigidly adhered to it ever tinoe. The reiuH haa fully demonatrated the correotnoaa of hia theory. Hia firm haa the confidence of the entire purohaaing oouimunity, and ia a houaehold word all orer the Rainy River diatrlct. The premlaea occupied are apaoloua and comniodloua, well arranged, and heavily atocked in all the varied depart- menta uf a general atore. The atock ia alwaya freah, thorough, freoucnt importatlona, and ia turned over aiz or aeven tlm** in the courae of a year. Flour, feed, oata, hay, lalt, applea, potatoea, coal oil, etc., are all purchased by tbe firm In carload lota, and the atock of groceriea, dry gooda, boota and iboea. crockery and glaaaware, eto., la, whererer practicable, bought direct fh>m the manufac- turers or producera. The house is, lo fact, a complete medium of exchange between producer and conaumer, and at the loweat posaiblo cost to the consumer. Messrs. Baker Jc Ca have always been Identified with all measures best calculated to advance Rat Portage's pros- perity. W. D. Coaite, Drugs, Fancy Qooda and SUtionery, Rat Portage and Keewatin.— This weil-eatablished and popular drug store does not date farther Itmck than 1882, in which omparatively brief period It has became known for its complete atock of medicines, so that nowhere can a physi- cian's prescription be compounded more safely. The atten- tive business hablta of Mr. CSoate and hia assistant also en- sures the promptest attention. As usually pertains to such establlahmenta, perfumeries, fancy goods, toilet articles, books and stationery are to be found here to suit all tastes and at cheap rates. Mr. Coate is therefore being constantly visited by appreciative customers. He carries a stock of about $2,S00, while the annual buainoss amounts to $8,000 or $10,000, Mr. Ooate's business and social qualities render- ing him a general favorite in the community. Mr. Coate owns and operates an establishment of the same descrip- tion at Keewatin, three jiiles west of this place. H. F. HoImM, Y^holeaale and Retail Ilnrdwure, Stoves, Tinware, Silverware, Olla, Paints, etc.. Main Street, Rat Purtnge.— The leading puaitiun now ocouplod by Rat Portage in all dopnrtroents ul' buiinvaa la due to the untir- ing energy, industry and capacity of her Ipiuling merchnnta. In thia connexion U ia a pleasure to make prominent men- tion of enterprising and popular buainosa flruis. Auiong thorn are II. F. llolmea, dealer in hardware, raiiKoa,atovos, linwiire, silverware, paints, oils, etc. The firm begun busi- ness in 1H83, iind from ita Inception the business ban steadily grown until the present time. The atock carried is large and complete, while the annual buaineas foots up to large proportions. The firm occupy large and woll-iirranged promises, which are equipped with every convenience and facility for the accommodation and display of a stock of hardware and house furnishing goods. Mr. Holmes bos also a branch atore at Keewatin. He la an energetic, clear- headed bualness man, well and favorably known for his sterling integrity and upright character. KoboM A Co.. Wholesale and Retail Butcher*. Second Street, Rat Portage.-^It is necessary that man hould eat to live, and meat may be suid to be an indispen- sable article of food. Meat stores aru therefore an absolute necessity in every community. Among the prominent establishments of this description in the city Is that of Kobold A Co., whose store Is situated on Second Street. This firm started business here in 1880, and have done a large trade from its Inception, and it is increasing rapidly. The premise* located on Second Street are well adapted for the businesK, being commodi«ua and well arranged, fitted up with every appliance and facility. The quality of meats sold by this firm Is the very best to be procured, and the reputation they have gained in this respect is un- doubtedly the secret of the great success with which they are meeting. Fowl and game of all kinds in season are kept on hand in large variety, and everything is sold at the most reasonable prices. Mr. Kobold has a large circle of ac- quaintanees, and Is highly esteemed by all who know him. ;l. CitNiplMll, Stationery, Books, Views, Toys, etc.. Main street, Rat Portage.— This establishment, which was started In 1887 by the present proprietor, ha* been pros- peroua from tbe beginning, it* re*onroei have greatly inorea*ed, and the buaine** ia now aisuming very good proporiiona. Thia result ia due to the careful manage- ment and enterprise of the proprietor, who has made hi* establishment one of the most popular in this city. Tho*e desiring books, stationery, toys, views, etc-, should call on Mr. Campbell, where the beet varietlea of book*, stationery, etc., are kept constantly on hand. Mr. Camp- HAT POHTA(»B. M ball In II innn of vnnl'mperienos, Imvlng travallooen eatnhllahed in bualneaa huro llti ie I'M, during which time he baa built up a large an and Oenta' Fiirnlabinga, Rat Portage and Keewatin — Thia houae waa founded aomo nine yoara ago, and from the very atart it has enjoyed a proaperoua career. Thuir handaomo new atoro at the ahovu addreiia is the moat oompletoly adapted to thia line i>t' trade of uny in the city. The premiaea oacupied arc apacioua and commodioua, ad- mirably arranged and oi|uipped with every faoility for the tranaaotion of buainoan. The atojk carried ia, without exoeptlon, one of the largeat and moat complete to be found. It Inoludei a full and complete aaaortnient of dry gooda, clothing, genta' fumiablnga, hata, oapa, ataple and fancy grocerioa of all deaoriptiona. Only the beat and pureat goodi are handled, and the reputation of tho houae in thia retpeot ia uatabliabed beyond the require- ment* of pralae. The memben of the llrm are William and Angua McKinnon. Both gentlemen are energotio, olear-headed bualneia men, and are held In the highest esteem, both in private and oommeroial lite, for their strict integrity and sterling personal worth. Hub Hot«l, Qeorge Drewry, proprietor, Main street, Rat Portage.— Few lines of buainesa contribute more largely to the general sum of trade and oommeroe in Canada than the hotel buaineti. Among the houses that have reoently attained prominence in this oity can be mentioned the ably-conducted and popular Hub hotel. Althongh established only a comparatively short time— 188S— this house already enjoys a degree of prosperity and rublio favor not always vouchsafed to much longer established houses. The secret of Ibis is not difficult to discover. Being familiar with the wants and require- ments of the public, and being a man of superior ability and of push and perseverance, he has, by close personal attention and the exercise of sound judgment, built up a large and prosperous trade, and has established a high reputation in tho community, alike for capacity and strict integrity in his dealings. In connection with the houae is the finest restaurant in the city, while the bar is stocked with the choicest wines, liquors and cigars. Jotaa Sardner A Co^ Wholesale and Retail Dry Qoods, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, and Oroceries, Main Street, Rat Portage.— An important branch of commercial activity, and one deanrving of pniminent mention in this hiatorioal review of the great nurthsrn loading Imluatrlea, is the general aloro trade, anil in thia connection it la a pleaaum to apeak of tbat enlerp'ialng and auccoaaful eon- oern of John (iardner itovM, h««tMt, hardwMC, tinware, and » full line of howo f araiihinc foodi. PopuUr prioM prevail ; ereiy- thing in itook it of the belt quality, and euftomera obtain •dTantaaes at Ihii eitabliahment wb'eh eannot be dupli- oatedelmwhere. Mr. Hoee it held in the hithett in oom- mereial life for hit many iterling qualities and itriot integrity, and justly moritt the suooess attained by hit ability, energy and peneveranoe. IMr. Hose keeps on hand a full assortment of sportsmen's goods, suoh at gnnt, ammunition, nets, lines, trowling hooks, spoons, rods, ilys, and everything pertaining to lake fishing. HlllMitf II*a*e, Louis Hillard, proprietor, Main street. Rat Portage.— Among the many good hotels which stand prominent in the Northwest, there is no more popu- lar house than the Hillard House, situated en Main street, in the eentre of the business portion of 'be eity. This house was opened by the present proprietor, Mr. Hillard, la U8S, and bat dona a Tory large butineti slnee that time. It itf a large ttmetnre, three itoreyt in height* and hat tfairty-eigbt good, eommodiont and welNfnmithea tieep- ing roomt. In oonneotion with the houie it a line lample room, where the bett brandt of wines, liqnon and oigart are always kept on hand. The ottoe, nading-Kom and dining-room are on the lint floor and fumiihed in flrtt- class slyle, while two ttoreyi above are devoted to parlort and tieeping-rooms, all elegantly famished and Stted up with a view to comfort as well as appearanoe. Mr. Hillard is a gentleman of extensive experienee in hotel businett, •nd In this commodious house haa (tiven unmictakabl* proofs of being the accomplished host. Having been en- gaged iin the hotel business all his life, he thoroughly understands how to conduct such an establishment in first- class style, r J will be apparent to any one stopping at hit house. He was formerly proprietor of a hotel at White- month. Mr. Hillard personally superintends the manage- ment of the hotel, neglecting nothing which can add to th* pleasure or comfort of his gnetts. PRAIRIE LAND. I'' I In the very heart of the North American continent, west of the largest of the great lakes and north of the 49th parallel, lies a vast stretch of country, which, almost unknown to the outside world, and totally undeveloped a decade ago, is. by the mai-vellous strides it is making, now becoming fbmiliar to every part of the civilized globe. It is within a generation that this was a land of which little was known — cut oflf from the whirl and bustle of the outer world. It was a country of itself, a community by itself— unheeding and unheedfhl of the world outside. The Red River Valley had been vaguely heard of as the home of the buffalo and the Indian — the land of cold and snow and ice, where Arctic winter reigned supreme and perpetual. It was thought to be a land of desolation, given over almost entirely to fur-bearing animals and those who hunted them, unfit for huuitation by white men. From Superior's broad waters to the great bamer of rocks, one thousand miles away towards the setting sun, and ft-om the rapid-rolling Missouri to the Ai*ctio circle — a vast area — was almost univei-sally held to bo an arid desert, the shadowy home of savages, doomed forsver to be the symbol and synonym of desolation and solitude. But the world is sometimes ;vrong, and in this instance it was radically so. Venturesome travellers of reput«, in soai*ch of new fields of adventure, visited the country and brought back what seemed to be mcredible tales of a wonderfltl land, whose fertile soil was unequalled, whose climate was invigorating, whose possibili- ties were ill7mit>>.ble, and whoso dostiny was to be the happy home of a thriving and contented people. But still the world was sceptical, and this magnificent land lay fal).'>w and unoccupied, except by its aboriginal ownera, until later, through lue im- pulsive restlessness which pervades the human race, and irresistibly urges man adventurously onwartl to the great Occident, its hidden wealth and wonderftil re- sources were discovered, and even the most prejudiced, oft-times reluctantly, were compelled to concede that what was then called the Great Lone Land might possibly after all really become the future granary of the world. To-day, although ita settle- ment is only fairly commencing, and its resources are yet in an incipient stage of PBAIBIS LAND. SI development, there is no attempt at denial of the juat claim to that proud title, and there is no other country under the sun which oiters the grand inducements thia one does to the overcrowded population of the east in quest of that home and health and happy contentment which, no matter how ceaseleBsly they may sti-uggle and toil, they are unable to obtain in their own native land across the Atlantic. It would seem as if Providence had made this a huge reserve for the overgi-own flunilies of the Old World, and its free homes are generously offei-ed to the overcrowded East to participate in the enjoyment of all the blessings of its fi-ee government and free insti- tutions. Nearly sixty years ago, when all tlio wide stretch of north land lying fi-om half- way between Atlantic's stormbeaten coast and the mighty Bookies was a terra in- cognita, iho great historian of Europe wrote:— "The gradual and continuous pro- gress of the European race toward the Eocky Mountains has the solemnity of a providential event ; it is like a deluge of men rising unabatedly and daily driven onwai'd by the hand of God." When this was written, the groat States of Illinois and Iowa were the uttermost ^est; Wisconsin a wilderness ; Minnesota a preserve of the wild Indian ; Dakota and Manitoba nameless and unknown. But the historian's prophetic eye penetrated the Aiture, and but little over half a r-entury has lapsed ere the human wave is found washing over the ocean of verdure, and approaching the eternal sentinels which guard the western portals of this immense fertile land. In the few years that the Canadian North- West has been in a position to offer the settler any means of communication save the primitive ox-cart and the pioneer river craft, the progress that has been made is marvellous, the development wonderiVil, and the prosperity beyond belief. The work of pioneering is ended, and the new- comer now finds awaiting him a home surrounded by neai-ly all the adjuncts of civil- ization, within easy reach of postal and telegraphic fkcilitios, rail communication, schools and places of worship. Between the eastei*ly limits of the famous grain-growing valley of the Bed Aiver of the North and the base of the Bockies there are millions of acres of rich land for the landless ; there kve free homes for the homeless ; there is a land great in extent, wonderfVil in climate, grand in its exuberant fertility, magni- ficent in its natural beauty and sublimity. It is the land for the husbandman, for the merchant, for toe hunter, for the lumberman, for the miner, for the tourist — for all ; lacking nothing but energetic and industrious tillers of the soil to aid in working out its manifest destiny. This central Canada of the West, in itself, solves a deeply vexed question : it can relieve the overflowing population of the East, whose very poverty and distress ai-o caused by their vast numbers, by giving these people homes whore the fullest measure of prosperity is due to lack of population ; and so, in a double sense, it can effect beneficial results both to the Old World and the New. It was of this domain that the King of the Oatiiioau, in eloquent woi-ds which rang through the nation's council chamber, said : — " It is a land inhabited by a people in the very flower of manhood, the veiy flower of the Canadian people ; a land where thu weather is at times exceedingly cold, but at the same time bracing and healthy ; whose inhabitanta bear upon their countenance the impress of its healthfblness, whose women are noted for their lovely and rosy complexions, and whose men ai*e pictures ■of ruddiness and manhood. I told them I thought in that healthy and bi-acing cli- mate they bad discovered the fountain of perpetual youth which Ponce do Leon sought so long in vain. It is a land where a man of moderate means and courage 88 THE NEW WEOT. B' and perseverance can obtain an honest independence on the cheapest and easiest terms, where the toilers of the world can stand erect and call no man master. I would advise everyone who wishes to escepe from the sorceries of this western en- chantress not to enter within her borders ; she casts a glamour upon all who do so, and makes them perpetually her slaves. It was said of the Norman nobles who were sent to conquer Ireland that they became bo enchanted with the beauty of the green isle, the loveliness of the women, and the bravery of the men, that they became more Irish than the Iiish themselves. So I think it will be with all who enter our western domain." THE PROVINCE OF MANITOBA. The region known as the Red River Settlements was created a province in ISTO and admitted to the Confederation. At that time its limits were contracted, having an area of only 13,500 square miles, and with a sparse population of about 12,000, was not inappropriately called the " Baby Province." So small was it, that on the map it resembled a postage stamp on the wrapper of a newspaper ; but in 1881 its bounds were extended on all sides but the south, to embrace a tract 264 miles by 300, an area covering 123,200 square miles. Manitoba extends from the United States boundaiy north to latitude 52° 50", and from the western boundary of Ontario, near the Lake of the Woods, west to 101° 20". The province embraces a large portion ot Lakes Winnipeg, Manitoba, Winnipegoosis, and several lesser bodies of water, and is travei-sed from south to north by the Red River, which takes its rise in the height of land of Minnesota, almost within sight of the fountain-head of the Mississippi, which, taking a contrary course, flows through the great States of the Union, and empties into the Gulf of Mexico. Besides the Red, the Assiniboine River travei-ses the western portion of the province, and at the confluence of the two streams is the city of Winnipeg. Both streams are navigable for long distances, but the fiat- bottomed stern-wheelers, which did noble service in the early days, have been super- seded by the speedier iron horse. Navigation of the Red River between Winnipeg and Selkirk and on Lake Winnipeg is still prosperous, and contributes towards making Winnipeg the base of supplies for the country on the Saskatchewan and beyond. Manitoba is the commencement of the three great plateaus between the Lake of the Woods and Rockies. Ite surface is mainly level, though rising in places to ranges of small hills. A prairie country, with treeless plains extending from five to thirty miles, covered in summer with a luxuriant growth of grass, its river banks are fringed with trees, and in places the timber belt broadens into belt« which are worthy the name of forests. The early history of Manitoba is an interesting one. As early as 1736, writes one author, u party of French adventurei-s from Quebec, under the command of La Yerendrye, who had authority from the French authorities to penetrate into the interior of the country to the west of Lake Superior, arrived at the mouth of the Assiniboine, where it merges its waters with that of the Red River. The Assini- boine, so named from the tribe of Indians of that name living in its vicinity, was re- christened the St. Charles, and aflei-wards the Upper Red River. At the junction of the two rivers a post was established, with the name of Fort Rouge, and, according THE PBOYINOB OF MANITOBA. 8» to an eye-witness, the rains of saoh a post were plainly discernible in 1800 on the point where the Hudson's Bay Company's mill now stands. So we may say that La Yerendrye was the fii-st real estate owner in Winnipeg, after the aboriginal inhabitants. In 1763 occorred the conquest of Canada by Great Britain, and some fifteen or twenty years after f^r traders fh)m Canada began to seek the North-West for trade with the Indians. In 1*783 a powerful company of f\ir traders was formed in Montreal, consolidating the interests of several small private concerns who had been struggling with each other for some time. This company bore the title of the North- West Fur Company, and it soon began to push its operations inland to even the Athabasca and MoKenzie Bivers. The trade of the Bed Biver seems to have been, for some unaccountable reason, quite neglected, and it was only towards the very close of the last century that we find mention made of the establishment of posts on the upper waters of what we now call the Bed Biver. The point between the Bed and Assiniboine Bivers was known to the fur trader at that time, and for fully twenty-five years after, as " The Forks," so that the second name given to this site was recorded. The Hudson's Bay Company had long confined their trade to the neighborhood of Hudson's Bay — indeed, from 16*70 to 1*7*74, they had not established posts on the banks of the streams flowing into Lake Winnipeg. It is most likely that their first post on the Bed Biver was established as late as 1*796. For some yeara " The Forks " was resorted to simply as a camping place for the boat brigades passing up the Assiniboine Biver, whereon numerous forta were erected by the North- West Company, the Hudson's Bay Company, and a new body of traders who styled themselves the X Y Company. The last company was short-lived, amalgamating with the North-West Company in 1804. About 1^03 Alexander Henry, of the North- West Company, who was in chai-ge of the Bed Biver district, sent a party of his men to build at " The Forks " the post afterwai-ds named Fort Gibraltar, which at firet probaoly only consisted of one or two buildings, for there is a recoixl later on of a more extensive establishment than existed at this time. That a post pf the North- West Company was maintained at "The Forks" in 1803 and 1804 is settled by the journal of Alexander Honry, which is still in manuscript. The writer extracted from that journal, amongst other items, the following statement of the trade of "The Forks" establishment during the win tei*s of 1803 and 1804: — 356 beavers, 10 black boars, 1 brown bear, 76 wolves, 8 foxes, 25 racoons, 36 fishers, 26 otters, 20 martens, 13 minks, 3 wolverines, 15 lynxes, 6 moose skins, etc., 22 parchments, etc. As trading posts existed at Rousseau Biver and Pembina the same year, it may be accepted that the above furs were obtained from animals killed in the vicinity of Winnipeg. By the erection of Gibraltar, the foundation of the future commercial greatness of the town was laid in 1803 as well, for ever since that date mercantile business has flouiished within what are now the limits of the city of Winnipeg. The old Port Gibraltar had both parks and natural farms eighty years ago. Henry intbrms us incidentally, on two or three occasions, that he visited "The Forks" to enjoy himself. After describing the heavy woods which covered the country south fi-om the Assiniboine, near "The Forks," to the Salle Biver, he says he caught a number of whitefish, sturgeon and goldeys, while the women gathered hazelnuts, red and choke cherries, Pembina berries, three kinds of plums, and wild grapes, the men going out on the prairie " towaixis little Stony Mountain " and returning with the carcasses of cow butfalos, which they had killed, varying this amusement by 40 THE NEW WEST. bringing in i-ed deer and beara, which were here in great abundance. Wild fowl in great nambers frequented the mouth of the Assiniboine, and the rapida at St. Andrew's was a favorite resort of pelicans. Nature evidently boomed the wild animal, water- fowl and fruit features of Winnipeg at that early date. That the present site of Winnipeg wae earl;, recognized as a central one for the distribution of supplier is shown by the custom pursued by the ii^iuiei-s of landing iiere to assort and re-pack the outfits for distribution to the posts south and west. The Ojibway and Snake Indians, who flrequented the country bordering about the mouth of the Assiniboine during the first part of the present century, at least on one occasion entrenched themselves in pits at "The Forks " on account of a threatened attack of the Sioux, which is the first militaiy operation recorded in the history of Winnipeg. The Hudson's Bay Company began to push up to the Bed Biver about 1796, and during the next decade had placed trading posts in the vicinity of those of the North- West Company, with the exception of at "The Forks." In 1811 Lord Selkirk, after con- trolling a large share of the stock of the Hudson's Bay Company, secured from it a grant of land along the Bed and Assiniboine Bivers, covering an area of some 116,000 square miles, under the claim of that company that their charter gave them control of the country described, which claim was contested by the Canadian fur traders. Lork Selkirk issued a most glowing description of the land, climate and general advantages to be gained by persons joining with him in settling in this tract of country, and induced a number of persons in Scotland and Ireland to avail them- selves of what a writer in 1817 describes as the benefits of " liberty of conscience, freedom from taxes and tithes, and all the temptations of a land of promise painted in most glowing colors." The party sailed in the spring of 1811 for York Factory, but on arriving there found the season too far advanced to proceed on their journey to Bed Biver. They accoi-dingly wintered at York Factory, and suffered severely before they arrived at the Bed Biver during the next year. Miles Macdonell was in charge of the party, and on their arrival in the vicinity of " The Forks " he paraded them, and exhibited his commission as governor of the colony, which apparently was the first occasion of such an official making his deb&t in this district. Other parties were sent out in 1813 and 1814 to augment the number of the first arrivals. The latter behaved in an arbitrary manner to the North-West company's people, which was at once resented by them, as they viewed the settling of the country and claims of Lord Selkirk as illegal and unjustified, claiming that they had taken possession of the Bed Biver country as traders from Canada half a century before the people of the Hudson's Bay Company had ventured into it. A struggle for supremacy at once began betwer ^he rival companies and resulted in bloodshed on more than one occ sion, and thf 1 destruction of the property of the Selkirk settlers, who were gen- erally simp' . lookers. On March 17, 1816, the Hudson's Bay Company people, who had &i ■■ it Point Douglas, about thi-ee-quarters of a mile below " The Forks," attacked Fcvu Gibraltar, of the North- West Company, at the mouth of the Assini- boine, captui'ed the inmates, ransacked their stores, and finally razed the buildings to the ground, carrying away the timbers to Fort Douglas to use for their own pur- poses. Five days later they attacked the North- West Company's fort at Pembina and destroyed it also. In the following spring the employees of the North- West Com- pany came into collision with the Hudson's Bay Company's people, under Governor Semple, at Seven Oaks, a few miles north of the present city limits, and it resulted in i'^ THB PBOVINOE OF MANITOBA. 41 the death of Governor Sample and about twenty of his men, while only one Indian on the'flide of the North-Westers was killed. Then mattera were in a very disturbed state until the coalition of these two powerful companies in 1820-21, when the Hud- son's Bay Company established themselves at " The Forks " and opened stores to supply the settlers, traders and Indians with goods ; so another era in the trade of Winnipeg was entered on. The people who from time to time came to the country, settled along the banks of the Bed and Assiniboine I'ivei-s, those of the same nation- alities generally settling in localities by themselves. The Hudson's Bay Company had re-purchased in 1836 all Loi-d Selkirk's rights in the settlement for the sum of £26,000, and, accoi-ding to Sir George Simpson, afterwards sold land to settlers for seven shillings and sixpence, or five shillings an acre, accoi-ding to location. The land was conveyed under leasb for 999 years, and the holder agi-eud not to traffic in furs, violate any of the chartered privileges of the company, evade any of the restric- tions governing the laws relating to tho distillation of spirits, etc. There it was that many of the noted clansmen of the famous Scottish chiefs, whose fortunes were lost at the memorable battle of CuUoden, in 1''46, which extin- guished the hopes of the house of Stuart, afterwards came to Canada. They had participated in that bloody engagement, and having lost all, and to avoid the fierce persecutions which followed, they fled to this country of refuge. They were distin- guished for heroic courage and daring enterprise. Coming to Canada they at once sought employment in the adventurous sshemes of the fur traders of the North- Wcst. This bold blood gave now vigor and additional energy to the affairs of the traders. These men and their descendants wore the intrepid voyageurs who pushed their fortunes to th« Saskatchewan and the Athabasca one hundred years ago. The folood which flowed in the bands of Culloden is the blood of those fearless Scotsmen who dared waning tribes and fi-ozen regions and unknown haixlships, who discovered the Mackenzie River, who first crossed the Bocky Mountains, and first planted the British flag on the Arctic seas. In the veins of many Bois brules and Metis girls on the Bed Biver flow the blood of the men who fought with Lochiel near Inverness on the 16th April, 1746. The vast region of Biitish America is full of the unwritten traditions of the daring exploits of these men through a wilderness of territory larger than all Europe, and it only needs the glamour of the glittering pen of a Scott to weave these wild annals as fascinating as Waverley, and as charming as the wonder- ful romances of Fennimore Cooper. In olden journals can be read how the great Cardinal Bichelieu headed " The Corapanv of the Hundred Partners," in ISSY, en- gaged in the fur trade in Canada, which company continued for thirty-six years, and which has had successors continuously, till finally merged in the great Hudson's Bay Company, which carries on its extensive opei'ations at the present time. So that the Bed Biver, the Saskatchewan and the far-off Athabasca are linked back to the days of Louis XIV. in Pi-ance, and to the great chiefs and clans of Scotland who fought at Culloden, whei-e the flag of the Stuarts wont down fornver. Owing to dissatisfaction in the settlement and to Am>3rican intrigues, a body of British regular troops was sent out from England to Fort Garry in 1846, under corn- man ' of Col. J. P. Crofton, consisting of 383 peraons, covering detachments from the Sixth Foot, Boyal Artillery and Civil Engineei-s. Of these, twenty men remained in the country. These troops returned to England in 1848, and in that year were succeeded by a corps of fifty-six pensioners, under the command of Lieut. Col. 4S THE NEW WEST. it! Ca'dwell, many of whom afterwards settled in the country, with Lioat. Ool. Caldwell as j;overnor of the colony. Again, in the year 18S7, 100 men of the Boyal Canadian Ili'>d8 were sent round by the Huduon's bay, like the othei-s, leaving Canada for that pur]>0Be, and wore likewise quiti-tered at Fort 6an-y. It is not known, to moat people at laist, that three different expeditions of troops were sent to Fort Garry before the Biel rebellion of 1869-'70, when what is called the first Bed Hiver expedition, oompo* Bed of regular troops and Canadian volunteers, was dispatched from Ontario and Quebec, and arrived here ii August 1870, to find that Biel had fled. It was from this dati that Winnipeg, as a place distinct from the Hudson's Bay company's Fort Garry, bt^came known. On the arrival of the troops in 1870, the village consisted of a collection of about twenty-seven house.i, centering about the present site of the postroffice, the population only numbering about one hundred or one hundred and fifty souls. The <^ouncil of Assini^oici having been abolished on the entrance of the province into Confederation, the fii-st Cabicet of Manitoba was formed in January, 1871, and consisted of Hon. (now Senator) M. A. Girai"d, Provincial Treasurer ; Hon. Alfred Boyd, Provincial Secretary ; Hon. H J. Clarke, Attorney-General ; and Hon. Thomas Howard, Minister of Public Works and Agriculture. Lacking adequate buildings for legislative purposes, the residence of Mr. A. G. B. Bannatyne, then immediately in rear of the stationeiy store of E. D. Bichardson (cor- ner of Main and Owen streets and opposite the new post-office) was leased, and in the March following, the first opening of the Legislature took placi. It was attended with a great deal of pomp and display. The Lieut.-Governor, Hoi.. Mr. Archibald, was accompanied by a guai-d of 100 men of the Ontario Bifles ; the Parliament House was elaborately decorated, and the usher of the Black Bod and sergeant-at-arms fairly shone in the Oriental splendour of their court uniforms. A local paper, alluding to the event, said : " It could not be in any respect so grand or costly a display or on so large a scale as the capital of the Dominion can boast on Buch an occasion, but it had a completeness and dignity which were creditable to our young province." In December, 1873, the building was burned down, and with it, many valuable bocks and papers. It was generally supposed to have been des- troyed through incendiarism, but at the investigation held, nothing was elicited to substantiate the public belief. Afterwai-ds the courthouse which had been erected in the centre of the town was utilized for holding the sessions of the legislature, and the chamber was generally decorated with bunting of many hues, which gave a fan- tastic — if not an appropriate — appearanub to the meeting place of the Provincial Solons. The old courthouse was used in this way until the Govei-nment erected a new brick one on the Fort Osborne reserve, when the sessions were held there. And then, on the erection of suitable parliamentary buildings in 1883, the Government, which had in the meanwhile had its oflices in an old barracks on Lombard sti-eet, and afterwards in the small structure now used as educational offices, moved the depai'tments into the new buildings, which in design and appearance compare favour- ably with similar buildings in the other provinces. It is unnecessary here te refer to the Biel rebellion of 1869-70, or its results. History has already placed the facts on recoi-d. When in August, 1870, Wolseley and his men arrived and occupied Fort Garry, which had been held by Biel since the previous winter, a new state of affairs came into existence. The reign of terror- THE PBOVINOB OF MANITOBA. 48 was ended. An era of prosperity ensued. The rush of people was ohiefly from On- tario, although QuebflO and the Maritime Provinoea were not without their represen- tatives. Then was a busy time, and as the town progressed, money became more plentiful, wages were high, land cheap and the outlook was as bright as any city could possibly hope for. But it was not all plain sailing. Just as the resoni-oes of the country were becoming known and appreciated by eastei-n people, a scourge of grasshoppers devastated it. The crops were destroyed — the inhabitants discoiu'aged. The hoppers remained until the fall of 1875, when, after saving the formers the trou- ble of harvesting their crops, they suddenly disappeared and have never since beea seon. The settlement of tho country since is the best evidence that this plague will never visit it again. With their departure, hope once more buoyed up the citizen and the agriculturist. But enough of history for the present. Let us come down to the present time and condition of affairs. The system of sui-vey or of laying out the land in Manitoba and the Northwest is mobi. simple. Every township is six miles square, and is divided into sections of one mile square' (or 640 acres) each, that is, as nearly as it is possible to make mile squares on the surface of a globe, the scarcely appreciable difference from this exact area being the result of the convergence or divergence of the meridians forming the eastern and western boundaries, as the township is north or south of one of the standand base lines of survey. These sections are again subdivided into half sections of 320 acres and quai'ter sections of 160 acres, and fui'ther into half quarters, which t^rms are legal or statutory definitions of the divisions and subdivisions of land in Manitoba and the North-West Territories of the Dominion. The townships are laid out upon certain " base lines," about twenty-four miles apart, running east and west, to the depth of two townships, both to the north and to the south, upon each. The lines upon which adjacent townships, surveyed from different base lines, abut, are termed " correction lines," and upon these all discrepancies of survey are adjusted. The townships are arranged in tiers running from south to north, and starting from the southern frontier, which is the international boundary line. These tiers are mai-ked on the map with ordinary numerals, thus : 1, 2, 3, etc., township 1 being on the International boundary or province frontier, which is " the first base line ; " township 2 would be six miles further north ; township 3 again six miles north, etc. The townships are further numbered in what are called " ranges " east and west, fVom lines called " principal meridians." These numbers are marked on the map in Boman characters, thus : I., II., III., lY., etc. The first principal meridian starts fi-om a point on the International boundary line about eleven miles west of Em< ^on. The west " ranges " run in regulai- numbers to the left or west of that meridian ; and the east " ranges " to the right or east of that meridian. Thus, Township 3, Bange III., west, would be chree townships north of the boundary line, and three townships west of the principal meridian ; or, Township 3, Bange III., east, would be, in the same way, three townships n(n-th to the east of the principal meridian. Any one with this simple direction coull puL his finger on any township in Manitoba or any other part of the North- West Teiritory, of which the number north of the International boundary or first base line might be given, with the number of the range or tiers of townships east or west of the first or any of the principal meridians on the map. Any section of a township can be found by its number on the diagram of the map ; and the reader, by looking at this and seeing the way in which the numbers run, 44 THE NEW WEST. fJ 1 I I I can instantly put his finger on any section of any township marked on the map. Tibs boundaries of these sections being all laid out on the cardinal points of the compass, east, west, north and south, the section is divided into east half and west half, or north half and south half, whichever way the dividing line is run. These half mo- ions are again divided into quarter sections, such as noilh-east quarter, north-vrest uarter, nonth-east quarter, south-west quarter ; those quartera may again be divided n the same way; and those termn, as before stated, are legal or statutory definitions of land in Manitoba or the North- West Territory. In Canada the sections of a town- ship are numbered from the south-ea^t corner ; in the United States from the north- east corner. Concerning no one thing in this world are the current conceptions observed more utterly wide of the mai-k, fallacious and absurd, than they are respecting the climate of this countiy. In the sarly past, it was looked upon with horror, and some parta of the civili' 1 worM ill , dgards it as a land where the thermometer some, times rises — not ft» * —> vo. A writer in the St. Paul, (Minn.) Pioneer-Press, in writing of the No:u>-Ak<'' . c'- t^els this illusion ettectually. He says :' "The pictorial y ■ hj.' ^ nver illustrated Canaou by winter sketches, ice pal- aces, snowshoe exhibitions and r like scenes, making very charming pictures, but all suggestive of arctic regions and an intense degree of cold, so that Canada, pai'ti- cularly Manitoba and the Northwest, is ever associated with frost and snow and vigorous winter. Whereas, for six months in the year along the chain of the Cana- dian Pacific railway, from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean, the boundaries of this vast dominion stretch millions of aci'cs where the ai'tist's pencil can find innumer- able scenes of sylvan beauty, wood and waterfall, which, faithfully portrayed, would give a more correct idea of Canada when limned in a temperatura of semi-tropioal warmth. Two months of what in other countries would be denominated bracing "weather, when tHe whole face of nature presents a phantasmagoria of bewildering beauty, when the roads and prairies are gorgeous with the vai-ying hues of nature's -decay — a scene which sight can alone realize, for the woi'ds of the poet, the pen Qf the traveler or the brush of the artist must fall short in depicting, describing and portraying the glorious beauty, the innumerable blended tints of vegetable decay present. Then comes four months of undoubted winter ; no rain ; snow falling prin- cipally at.night; days of bright sundhine, when the rays of "old Sol " make them- selves gratefully felt through an atmosphere registering 30 degrees and reaching 60 degrees below zero, then during the midday hours, not unpleasantly cold, for this low temperature is attended by almost real stillness, and the absence of all superfluent moisture in the suiTOunding atmosphere renders the cold far less penetrating than that of a foggy day in New England in November, or a damp day in Chicago. No 'doubt there are a few days in winter when the elements are masters of the situation, ■and to defy them is to court destruction ; but where is the climate and where is the oountry to be found entirely enjoyable throughout the year and free f^om all draw- backs ? All countries have some points unfavourable ; there is no perfect climate under the sun. But the climate of Manitoba is, above all other countries, the most favorable for transplanting the Saxon race and perpetuating that stalwart physique for which that race is remarkable. It is in its hygienic sense that the climate of Manitoba excels, and, if it were better understood, physicians would gladly avail th^mselvfis of adding Another field to those already known where climate influence m THS PROYINOS OF MANITOBA. 46 pal- ia chiefly depended apon for the arrest of disease and the repairment of its ravages. That the climate of Manitoba exercises a most salutary etT^ot on the incipient stage of chest troubles is a well established fact, demonstrable by hondi-eds of cases. The pine forests of the Engadine have been for a long time a favorable resort for the phthisical patients, and the mild climate of Algeria, which as winter quarters, muut always hold its own. But it is probable that, in no part of the world will climatic influences do more for the arrest and removal of lung trouble in the early stages than this climate for at least five months, viz : from the middle of April to the middle of September. Scattered throughout the Northwest are groves and belts of giganfi'' ooniferte, in comparison with which the Engadine firs would sink into insignificance : so that if the vicinity of this timber exercises a prophylactic influence, one's hut may be pitched in pine groves overhanging magnificent lakes abounding in fish, and amidst scenery of sylvan beaufy, on ground rarely trodden by the foot of man. Through such a country the tourist may wander for hundreds of miles, and for the first time realize the feeling of absolute freedom." There is one fisict in connection with the climate which has not been distinctly noticed by writers, and yet is a big stone in the foundation of an agricultural nation — that is, while in the East the spring rains usually fall during ploughing and seed time — April and May — succeeded by the long parching ''".ys and blazing suns, and chirping grasshoppers, and finger-length cereals of Jun .no ' ly, riveted in bricks, and lying down at last in despair, here all this is re 'brhod April and May, dry ; June, mois' That settles the whole question. No b;r^-^nc vO work. No sowing in mortar and reaping off rubble and bricks. The i ■ ' g * in early, lies in a warm dry soil germinating and coming forth to meet the te. ' ' rains of June, when the plants shoot up like ari-ows, and halt not till they bend their golden heads to the blade of the executioner. This one fact is worti ■\U^\ millions. It ensures the future of this land beyond a peradventure. As to tue Ute and early frosts they ai*e no mere peculiar to this country than to New York, California, Ontario or England. Indoed, from the nature of both winter and summer, these frosts will be found by- and-bye to be of very rare occurrence. The bound from the long, solid winter is short and sharp ; fVom summer to winter, ditto. When fai-ming is well-established, the seasons better understood, the low lands drained, and the work " fall and spring prompt and expeditious, we shall hear the last of 'frozen whe. i?he old S:;'kirk settlers laugh at the idea. Late arrival, dilatory management, in .cient appliances would freeze wheat anywhere. Besides freezing the ground solid and thus contribut- ing to its pulverization in the spring, winter makes locomotion easy. There is no thaw fi-om beginning to end, nor midwinter exposure of tender roots by desti'uctive ' Januaiy thaws,' no slush, no blinding sleets, and but few blizzards. The blizzai*d is rare indeed, and the cyclone almost unknown, snow drifts are trifling compared with other countries. There is no hiding in caves of the earth, to escape the death track of the desolating toi-nado, as in Dakota and Minnesota in summer; no remain- ing in doors at the approach of a storm, for fear of being lost and fh)zen in its bewildering fierceness in winter. The average snowfall is light, but excellent frozen snow, mantled roads make locomotion easy during the winter months. The climate here, considered either with reference to pereoual comfort or agricultural pui-poses, is very far ahead of that of any of the Eastern Provinces. When farms and fkrm- houses have been surrounded ^ith t«"»es, which they will bo n 46 THE NEW WEST. '^'1 >1 |i| in the near fhtare, it will be still better — not to mention the enhanced beauty of the landHcape. The soil of tbia western land is, without doubt, the riohent in the world, even siirpaHsing the famor.s valley of the Nile. And rich it ought to be. It was deposited dun .g the prehiatorio ages at the bottom cf a myaterious inland sea, which i-uahed off to the ocoan by way of Hudson's Bay, when its benoflcent mission was accom- pliahod, the glacier relaxing its grip and falling back to its native country. Bach succeeding year has added to its il&tness, so that manure is unnecessary, and its yield is thirty, forty, fifty and, in exceptional cases eixty, bushels of hard wheat to the acre— wheat often weighing 65 lbs. to the bushel, and esteemed the very beat in the world. The soil of Manitoba resembles that of the far-famod Platte YuUey of Nobi'aaka, but it Is much more pi*oductivo and durable. In quality of produce there ia no comparison whatever. Prof. Tanner, one of the most eminent agricultural authorities of Great Britain, writes : " Here it is that the champion soils of the world nre to be found, and we may rejoice that they are located within the British empire. Take, as an illustration of thoir powers of fertility, the simple foot that on the KiL donan farm near Winnipeg, on wliich land I saw their fiftieth crop of wheat growing —crops which followed each other year aftur yeai* and had maintaiuod their f\ill yield from firat to last, without the soil losing any portion of Vm productive power. Tear by year had the v inter fi-ost renovated that soil with f\-esh stores of fertility from its rich presei-ves, and thus the land became better prepared than ever for its work." This demonatrates that Manitoba is the garden of America, and a countiy, with the North- West Territories added, capable of maintaining a population of millions. And yet there are over 1,150 acrco of unoccupied land to each person in the provincoi and over 29,000 acrea to every individual in the territories. As the country is i*ttpidly being settled, however — large as ia this proportion — in a comparatively few years it will bo considerably diminiahed. Already the story of the progress of Mani- toba is told by the census returns of 1881 and 1886, which record a marvellous advance during those five years. In '81 there were only 2,384,33*7 acres occupied, 250,416 cultivated, and 230,264 under crop. In five years the occupied area had in- creased to 4,171,224 aci-es, the cultivated to 751,5*71, and that under crop to 591,994 — an increase of over '79, 300 and 25*7 per cent. roHpectively. In 1881, the wheat crop amounted to 1,033,623 bushela ; in 1886 to 6,'7 11,186, and in 188*7 to over 14,000,000, or an average of thirty buahela to the acre — a yield unprecedented in the history of the world — a yield uufllciently largo to supply all the wanta of the province, and to leave a surplus of nearly 12,000,000 bushels for export. A comparison of the yield of grain in Manitoba and Dakota — the banner wheat-producing territory of the United States — will convince the unbeliever as to the supei-ior productiveneas of Canadian soil. Dakota, with a population of 135,000, had a total wheat crop of 2,830,289 bushela, while Manitoba, with a population of 110,000 (25,000 leso) had more than five times that quantity. The contrast is still more striking, when it is learned that 90 per cent, of the population of Dakota is rural, while Idanitoba is only 72 per cent. At the same time, and with the same population, Dakota pi-oduced only 2,217,000 buahele of oat«, 227,000 bushels of barley, and 664,000 bushels of pota- toes, while Manitoba, with a much smaller population and smaller percentage of fhrmera, raised over two and a half millions of bushels of potatoes, about two millions of barley, and over seven millions of oats. Hi III' THE PROVINOE OF MANITOBA. 47 We may go fbrther, and compare the jearlj yield, per acre, of Manitoba with the United States, fVom which the euporiority of the soil of the former can be de- dnced. In 1880, the average yield per aero in the United States was 13.1 bushels ; in -81 only 10.1 ; in '82, l:}.6 ; in '83, 11.6; in '84, 13 ; in '85, only 10.4 bashels. In the latter year, the average yield per acre in the following States was : — Oregon, 1S.9; Dakota, 12.8; Wisconsin, 11.5; Iowa and Nobramka, 11.3; Minnesota, 11.1; KansaH and Indiana, 10.6; Ohio, 10.2; Califoniia, 9.4; Illinois, 8.5; MlHsouri. 7.4. In the same year Manitoba's was 18.4 — larger than all competitors. This difference is made even more apparent in 1887, when Dakota's average had increased to 10 bushels per acre and Manitoba's to over 39 buHhels. In 1887, Manitoba raised more wheat than did all the following States of the Union combined in the previous year : — Massachusetts, Connecticut, Wyoming, Nevada, New Hampshire, Mississippi, Ari- zona, Vermont, Maine, New Mexico, South Carolina, Idaho, Delaware, Montana, Alabama, Utah, Georgia, Arkansas. In 1887, Manitoba raised more wheat than any of the following States in 1886 : BuBhelfl. Bushels. Maisachnsetts 17,000 Utoh 1,641,000 Connecticut 36,000 Georgia 1,690,000 Wyoming 63,000 Nevada 72.000 New Hampshire 160,000 Mississippi 1 73,000 Arizona 297,000 Vermont 410,000 Maine 600,000 New Mexico. 921,000 South Carolina 036,000 Idaho 1,039,000 Delaware 1,177,000 Montana 1,609,800 Alabama 1,629,000 Arkansas 1316,000 New Jersey 2,260,000 Colorado 2,419,000 West Virginia 3,961,000 North Carolina 2,209,000 Texas 6,383,000 Virginia 6,581,000 Maryland 7,660,000 Washington Territory 7,660,000 Tennessee 8,064,000 New York 11,993.000 Oregon 11,033,000 Kentucky 12,406,000 iltobA 14,000,000 In a report to the Winnipeg Boai ^ of Trade, respecting the disposal of the crop of 1887, it is shown that the acreage under wheat crop was 432,000, as per returns received by the Department of Agriculture from bSO reporters. The Board, in Sep- tember, assuming that the average yield would be 28 bushels per acre, estimated the crop at 12,000,000, but within a month they decided that the crop actually reached between 13,000,000 and 14,000,000, as threshing showed the yield to be greater. This crop is accounted for as follows : — Bushels. Wheat exported to Eastern Canada and Europe. 8.600,000 Converted into flour in Manitoba 2,600,000 Used as seed, 520,000 acres 1,109,000 In hands of millers and shippers and of farmers for close marketing. . . . 1,200,000 13,400,000 To these figures may be added an amount (equal to a sum sufficient to make a grand total of 14,000,000 bushels) to cover the wheat used as feed on farms nnd what is still unthreshed, or at such remote points from railroads that it will not go into this year's business. The amount of actual wheat exported has been arrived at THS NEW WE8T. ■» i!^ by oareful tnvestigntion and checked by totalling the Grain Inspeotor'n records, after allovrinf; for all reinHpected ahipmenta. To obtain the sam total of wttott converted into flour of the 1887 crop, letters of request wore mailed to each mill in the pro- vince, asking for a confidential return. Answers were promptly sent in from every mill of consequence, so that the flgureH ntatod uro accurate. On the basis used by American slaticians, it rei . excellent and comprehensive reports of Hon. J. W. Taylor, U.S. Consul, who is not only an able and efficient official, but whorte long experience has made him a standard and oft-quoted authority on the Great Northwest. From the Consurrt reports, it is learned that the foreign importations of the Winnipeg district since 1880 are as follows: Dutiable. Free. Total. 1880 $ 784,866 f 49,118 $ 833,983 1881 1,381,683 116,303 1,496,986 1882 3,690,349 807,671 4,606,920 . 1883 6,368,840 1,868,360 8.237,209 1884 2,826,376 1,860,866 4,686,261 188S 2,763,446 868,369 8,661,814 1886 1,861,638 600,646 2,362,283 1887 1.996,318 739,822 2,736,140 The diminution of foreign trade is the result of the opening up of interprovincial communication and the consequent expansion of Canadian trade and traffic. The declared exports Prom the Winnipeg Consulate for 1887 wore 1448,363 to the United States, against $232,109 in 1885 ; to Groat Britain, $632,058 against |895,232— the Ailing off being in fHirs, to Eastern Canada (eritimated) 16,000,000, against |1,500,- 000 two years previous. The trade with British Columbia rose from almost nothing to an aggregate of $250,000, chiefly shipments of flour, oats, barley and dairy pro- ducta, with an importation of lumber and fish valued at $60,000. Consular records ut Winnipeg exhibit an exportation offish — the catch of Lakes Winnipeg and Manitoba— amounting to 1,488,330 lbs., in 1887, with invoice value of $61,369. These shipments were made to Buffalo, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Omaha, Kansas City and Chicago. The supplies of wheat of 1887 are placed at 10,000,000 bushels, valued at $5,200,- 000, against 4,530,000, valued at $2,778,000, in 1885: 2,200,000 in 1884; 1,000,000 in 1883 ; and 500,000 in 1882. Speaking of the yield in 1887, the Consul says :— " Such a harvest, particulai'ly of wheat, is without precedent in the annals of American agriculture." / 1 /! i 60 THE NEW WEST. A general statement of the trade of this Ck>n8ular distriot is as follows : — 1) Countries. Eastern Canada. •• United States Great Britain British Columbia. . Japan France Belgium (lermany Spain China Spanish W. Indies . Holland Greece Portugal Switzerland Austria British W. Indies.. Denmarlc Italy Hungary Central America . . . Jmportt. $5,460,280 2,738,140 841.751 50,000 28.925 13,164 8,044 6,516 6,292 4,813 8,257 3,003 2,533 1,410 818 665 411 321 300 200 Exports. $6,000,000 540,798 650,043 250,000 1,200 170 $9,157,843 10 150 $7,492,371 Total. $11,4504280 3,326,938 1,491,794 300,000 30,125 13,164 8,044 6,680 6,292 4,813 3,257 3,00S 2,633 1,410 818 665 411 321 310 200 160 $10,650,214 This shows avast increase over the trade of 1886, which totalled $12,118.492 — the imports being $7,820,959 and the exports $4,297,623 ; and over that of 188B when the imports were $10,983,713 and the exports only $2,627,341 and the increase is still non-emphasized when compared with the trade of 1872, amounting to a palti-y $1,208,361, of which all but $85,541 were imports, or with that of '73 when the imports only amounted to $918,336 and the exports to $246,783 — a total of $1,165,319. The development of the interprovincial trade is most mai'ked — increas- ing from $7,824,566 in '86 to $11,750,280 last year. In the cause of education, Manitoba has set a noble example. Its system is founded on that of Ontario and Is himilar to that of the western states in some particulars ; it follows settlement rapidly and plants a school house wherever ten school children can be found in a neighborhood within -a radius of three miles, and provides for its operation by a system of government grants and municipal taxation by which the bui-den is equally distributed and the sparse, poor settlements aided. Great care is bestowed upon the preparation of teachei's, and no licenses are given to teach, except from the provincial board. There is a normal school which teachers are compelled to attend if they continue teaching over one year, and in this way the majority of the teachers have received some training for their work. But this re- mark refers only to Protestant schoolH, and it is necessarily supplemented by the explanation that in one way the system is unique, there being complete and separate control of the management of Catholic and Protestant schools by a Catholic and Protestant board of education respectively, and a corresponding division of public funds for their aid. fiut this does not necexsanly imply denominational or religious teaching in what are called the Protestant schools, for a visitor to one of these in the city of Winnipeg or in the rural districts would see no malarial departure from the THE PROVINCE OF MANITOBA. 61 onrricalum of studies in force in the best eaatera schools. The progress made in education in the provinces has kept pace well with settlement, and every neighbor- hood, however small and remote, has its neat, substantial school house. In 1871, when public schools were first organized in Manitoba, there were 16 Protestant and 17 Oaiholio schools ; in 1881 there were 128 Protestant and about 50 Catholic schools, and in 1887 the respeotive numbers were 522 Protestant and 70 Catholic schools. As nearly all the Catholic schools are attended by French pupils and are taught in that language, the dual system of control has worked very well so far. Manitob.ins justly pride themselves on the superiority of their rural schools to those of the Western stutes, and the pains taken to provide them with trained teachers is pointed out as the means by which this excellence is attained. Out of the 529 teachers employed in the Protestant schools in 1887, 310 are stated to have received instruction in the art of teaching at the Provincial Normal school, at which is an institution in which professional training alone is given, the academic instruction being left to the high and intermediate schaols. One high school (or collegiate schools) is located at Win- nipeg and the other in the city of Brandon. Those schools prepare students for the provincial university and for the two higher classes of teachers' certificates. They are taught by university graduates and their curriculum of studies is as high as many of our colleges. There are intermediate schools situated in the principal towns of the province, those at Birtle, Minnedosa, Vii-den, Selkirk and Stonewall, being provided with two teachers each, Moi-den with three, Carberry and Pilot Mound being about to establish themselves on the same footing. These schools supply a link between the elementary and the high schools and prepare students for the thii-d class teach- ers' examinations. The schools of the city of Winnipeg are attended by over 3,000 pupils, who are taught by fifty-one teachers, and in their accommodation and the instruction given they are on a par with the schools of any Western city. Brandon and Portage la Prairie, with 500 pupils and seven teachera, each keep well in line with their sister city and are not ready to admit any inferiority in the character of their schools. The Manitoba University is the highest department in education in Manitoba, and is unique in its institution. The Anglican Church College of St. John, the Presbyterian College of St. John and the Catholic College of St. Boniface united in forming this univeraity, and the medical college since came in. It was established to promote higher education in the province, and whatever colleges may hereafter be or^ranizod may join the university, the degrees being conferred on the students by the various colleges after a thorough examination by the board of professors chosen by the various colleges, as well as the provincial educational board. It is not a teaching body ; it is an examining body, and confers degrees. The council of the university is composed of representatives of the different colleges, of the sections of the boai-d of education and a certain number of graduates. Great as has been the work accomplished in education, it has been equalled by the Christianizing influences of religion, and in Winnipeg and Manitoba — as in Canada as a whole — the Sabbath is observed strictly. Business is suspended, traffic ceases and divine sei-vices are held in church and chanel. The Church of Rome pioneered religion here, as so often it has elsewhere, dating back to 1818; but it was not until near the close of the fifties that any great strides wore made. Then the Church of England followed, and Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, Congregational, Jew, and 52 THE NEW WEST. I later, the Qaakera and Salvation Army helped to spread the divine teachings. Not only is Winnipeg and vicinity supplied with cathedrals and churches, but the servants of Christ have caiTied the Word afar off into th» recesses of the North and East and West, and reclaimed from the darkness of Paganism hundreds of the heathen redmen whose forefathers, in their superatition and ignoi*ance, "bowed down to wood and stone." Winnipeg itself is, notwithstanding that, but the other day, it wae a mere " border town," largely peopled by chuich-goers, and its numerous edifices are always well tilled by devout congregations. The railway development of the province has been remarkable. In 1877, there was not a single mile of raili-oad completed. To-day, there are nearly twelve hundred miles, and the work of construction is being vigorously prosecuted. The Canadian Pacific, alone, has 751^ milo8 — 315 of which is the trunk line, and the remainder, branches to Stonewall, Selkirk, Emerson, Deloraine, Gretna and Glenboro. The Manitoba & Northwestern, whose objective point is Prince Albert— the eastern terminus being Portage la Prairie — has 217 miles in operation, 26 m-les being branch lines. The Eed Eiver Valley, constructed by the Local Government, is 67 miles, running from West Lynne to Winnipeg, and is being extended to Portage la Prairie, both lines being controlled by the Northern Pacific, which has entered into an agreement with the province to build another branch to Brandon and to the Souris coal-fields within two years. The Great Northwest Central, running from Brandon northwesterly to Battlefoi-d, has 60 miles nearly completed, and there are 40 miles of the Hudson's Bay Kailway built, but not operated at present, although the promoters are confident of extending the line at an ewly day. This makes an aggregate of 1,170 miles. Besides this, the Southeastern, rimning towards the Lake of the Woods southeasterly, and connecting with Duluth, is being promoted, and may possibly be built next yeai-. The Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba is Hon. John C. Schultz, one of the oldest residents of the province, and who has been inseparably connected with its progress and development for many yeai-s. The Government consists of Hon. Thomas Qreenway, Premier and Minister of Agriculture ; Hon. Joseph Martin. Attorney- General and Bailway Commissioner; Hon. Lyman II. Jones, Treasurtr; Hon. James Smart, Minister of Public Works; and Hon. James E. Prendergast, Provincinl Secretary. Great attention is being paid by the Government to the agricultui-ai and railway development of the province. THE CITY OF WINNIPEG. ill It may be truly said that Manitoba is the beginning of a vast gi'assy sea of virgin wealth — of a boundless praiiie of untold fertility. And at the outer rim of this won- derland sits, queen-like and majestic, young, but strong and lusty and prosperous — outstripping all its rivals, rapidly increasing in impoi-tance — an adolescent giant, whose yet uritired strength is indication of a sturdy manhood. In this place, mid- way between the two great oceans, Winnipeg has sprung up as if by magic, as if in this latter day the genii of Aladdin's lamp had created a city in an incredibly short space of time. For sudden growth, combined with solidity, the world has never ijii THE C5ITY OF WINNIPEO. 68 «een its counterpart. In fifteen years it has risen from a hamlet to a metropolis. There is no flimsiness about its buildings— no mere temporaiy makeshifts of strao- tui*e8, as in many of the mushroom towns which have risen on the western wilds. The first sui'prise excited in a stranger on visiting Winnipeg is in its broad, paved streets, the substantiality and magnificence of the public buildings, the neatness and taste of the private residences, and the possession of all the accompaniments of metropolitan Mfe. To^iay it can, with pardonable pride, claim a development unparalleled in the history of Canada, and boost that its name, synonymous with all that is progi'essive and prosperous, is more widely and familiarly known in evei-y quarter of the civilized globe than that of other cities of greater age and preten- sions. The "Winnipeg of to-day is far different from the Winnipeg of 1870, when, through the Biel rebellion, it was first brought prominently before the world's attention. From that date, the birth of Winnipeg may be i>eckoned, although it was not till a few years later that its growth was worthy of particular attention. Then it was a long, scattered settlement, with a few rudely constructed dwellings and business places, having no sidewalks, but possessing almost impassable muddy high- ways. Most prominent among the institutions of Winnipeg is Port Gariy — now but little more than a tradition. There only remain a few scattered stones and a castel- lated gateway as evidences of its once proud position, but this is a utilitarian age, when the glamour of romance and the glory of bygone grandeur and power must give way to the demands and the necessities of our time. Its title to be termed a " fort " has, for many a year, only been a matter of courtesy, and the last vestigo of itH claim to be a stronghold was Hwept away dui'ing the boom, when the main high- way which circled around its walls in the olden time was run directly through this historic spot. It is not so many yeai-s ago since cannon frowned from the rarapavts of the fort— not such dangerous weapons to an enemy as they must have been to those firing them off. The i-amparts, long before their demolition, had outlasted their U8ef\ilness. Thay were more defence in appeaninco than in reali ty, and were in those days of modern warfare about as unwarlike as the old fiiot guns and musketH which were stored away in out-of-the-way cornere of the buildings within the enclosure. But this Fort Gany — now dismantled —was a famous place in its ■day, and has a history extending far back to the era when Iho first adventurous white man cmno from _^— ^hM-L -i ■^mJMMI^—I ^fc- where a similar struc- the East in search of fUi-s. It is associated with many notable events. It is the cra- dle of the history of the Red River coun- try. The site of the fort is a shoit distance from the north banks of the Assiniboino, about 400 yarde f^'om its mouth, whore it enters the Rerl River, LBLAND HOUSB. tureon a smaller scale had preceded It. In 1835, the new Fort Gairy was erected — the large^it and most substantial fort yet built. It is thus des- cribed by Mr. Alex- ander Ross in his work on the Red River Set- tlement. In his day it was " nearly square, being about 280 feet i! 54 THE NEW WEST. I' It ' In p! lli h\ I from east to west, and 240 feet from north to south, with a stone wall fifteen feet high and of considerable thickness, having two large gntos on the north and south sides, and fom- round towera or block-houses at each corner, with port and loopholes for cannon and musket'-y." " In the inside of the walls," ho adds, " is a gallery which runs around the front, and which attbrds a pleasant walk and an ex. tensive view of the surrounding country. The principal dwel ling-house, a large and commodious building, occupies the centre of the square, behind which and near the northern gate stand the flagstatt' and the belfry. There are also houses within the walls for the accommodation of the officers and men attached to the fort, togethe ' with stores and granaries and — would it were not necessary to add — a gaol and court- house for the colony. Fort Garry, altlinu^a still in a terra incognita, was gradually becoming more and more the centre of activity for the little colony of Assiniboia, then flourishing in the very heart of a wilderness. Here that most patriarchal of governments, the Governor and Council of Assiniboia, mot regularly and disposed of the business coming before them without indulging in any of that wire-} illing and log-rolling which seems to be a necessary concomitant of most legislative assemblies now-a-days. The councillois, with thoir modest allowance of ten shillings per diem — it was £, 8. and d. then — and without even the sliaclow of a shade of politics to aid them in their solemn deliberations, did famously, never occupying the time of a ses- sion by slangwhanging oat^h other furiously. The brethren dwelt in peaceful unity. Perhaps the presence at these assemblies of a couple of bishops, an archdeacon, and sometimes a priest or so, may account to some extent for the kindly, practical nature of their delibei-ations — so veiy different from the established order of things in older and (it is to be presumed) wiser communities. There were some failures in justice, but as a rule the councillors ruled the country wisely and well. The courts wore presided over by men learned in the law, eloquent and admirably qualified for the portion — men wiose names are still revered by the older residents : Tliom, Johnson, Blhck and Burns, and their administration of justice gave general satisfaction. The court-house at Fort Garry, besides being utilized as the council chamber and palace of justice, was also useil for public gatherings of all kinds — religious, political or gen- ei-al. It was also a pUiQO of worship, and the four denominations that occupied the field here then exclusively each had the use of it in turn. The gaol, a sombre-looking building, has also its story to tell. It had been broken into twice by angry settlers with arms in their hands, and there wore Sfvoial gaol deliveries not in strict accoi-d- ance with the several legal formalities. Later on came the still darker day of revo- lutionary uprising, with bloody eventualities, unhinging the feelings of conliality and amity which hml ma4e Ked River a sort of Happy Valley. It was from this fort that Scott was taken and shot just outside of the eastern wall; it was here that Louis Kiel reigned and ruled in 1869-70, it was here that Wolseloy made his name ; it was here that the Uuds(m's Hay Companj', with its ramifications from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and tiom Minnesota to the fai'-away Northern Ramparts, had its head- quarters; it was here that lived men whose names have since become household words — millionaires, governors and politicians. But Foit Garry has lost all its pres- tige, all its simple grandeur, all its glory, and naught remains but a few scattered f undations and a crumbling gateway to toll the passing st'-anger that this place, now f KwMw ' 4lilDHl 1 •, «. 1 . '■g " ^«*' Lv.<-^/>^ '^ni-^' . ' ': «\ r ■t- 1 f-w^ .,-i '\ ■ ■ I t A ao lit-* ^ 4/ /^/. 1.0 I.I |J0 ■■■ III 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 .« 6" ► ■^ VQ ^7). "f /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STRE£T WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 a iJit ■io^f 15 pa (53 |2( U! 147^ l4s] '^Tj^i Iff; « bj 5.7 T9 ?m • i\^""4'?.'"i J>V ,„ "^ %. 41 ^^, U> U , ~/ kotplg SS !■'.."( Ojc- ,*""i 127 ^1 3o 1241 13 121 CO*' HLlJs >VJ L Tl ar ^p^ ^ *"artii y' s*^ LIrT ;a /M iv' ,4¥^ ^ S^ K llr :^ r fl jZ ■j-»i 1^1 '■ 1 i^-^ -xt """-f '•v CANADA BANK NOTE CO. ' tt* OR*(a STRtST, MOHTREAl. 5^ \ , I ^^ '^^ ,_ L^ 112 111 110 109 ^OS '"T"*** MAIilTOBA-THE GARDEN OF THE PROVINCE- The lands along the Line of the Manitoba and Southwestern R'y, leased I Manitoba and the Northwest Territories of Canada SHOWING THE LINES AND LAND GRANT OF THE Canadian Pacific Railway. SIST or THE ODD-NUMBEHCD SECTIONS IN THE BELT COLOREO PINK, SECTIONS SEING GOVERNMENT HOMESTEAD LANDS sa Carlt Xaiw <>-)»i '^r" Li?^^ 11.1. i I -X- ^ i.6illUat_SMm9^ oicn A lelal^t— ^-> k-l' -S£U^ dufl "*** »«7 705 /04 103 102 »uthwettern R'y, leased by the Canadian Pacific, and comprised within the iincolored belt in Southern Manitoba are now open for sale. Forparticj lanitoba and the Northwest Territories of Canada SHOW The Companvs lands in part THE REMAiNI Iv leased by the Canadian Pacific, and comprised within the uncolored belt in Southern Manitoba are now open for sale. f< re now open for sale. Porpartlcularsof price, Ac, of all the company's Lands, apply to JOHN H. MoTAVI8H,Land Comiriissloner, Winnipeg. i -^^v .; .'I:- n/' Z' "■-* ,- 'i^ ^'- ■■ <-- "4- 1. } ^ > . -4) , ^- t* ■•*'■■'' ' .,- ' i i I 1 1 ' » A5 ^ '■"' ^.^^ ,»,^r:ac:-i;:M^.r-t; ^ :4'sd ../ l.:lJf^'^^-^-^ n f ti ■,S^6^^'-' i#'>. -. li'^V.: -«*f^-vti».i ■■S- *s'«^ 1 ' Ai — i' \!i 1 1 'V.-i ?.^ THE CITY OP WINNIPKO. '. !i' •• .p*' 6T "I . 08 THE NEW WEST. government properties, which are exempt from taxation, and those manufacturing industries on which the taxes are remitted by way of a bonus. The history of the commercial pi-ogres^ of Winnipeg ia a remarkable one, as is shown in the following facts and figures cai"«fully gathered from reliable sources : — In 18*70 there were about fifteen small mercantile institutions [of all kinds], exclu- sive of the Hudson Bay post, in existence, and the total number of buildings outside the fort was only twenty-eight. The manufacturing industries were confined to a small tannery and a harness shop. The imports during the year ending 30th June, 1872, amounted to $1,122,820, of which Great Britain sent $652,016; Canada, $112,- 104; the United States, $32,300; and France, Holland, Spain, Portugal, China and the West Indies the balance. The exports, which were chiefly furs, amounted to $85,641. Before this there was a duty of 4 per cent, on imported goods, which was collected by the Hudson Bay Company. The following fiscal year the imports amounted to $918,336, and the exports to $246,983. A gradual inci'ease was notice- able in 1873, and in 1874 there were over 900 buildidgs— some, of coui-se, of not any great value — in the city's limits, and over 100 business places. In 1876, the imports, not including Canadian goods, amounted to $1,248,309, and the exports to $588,958. Greater progress was made in 1876. Mercantile houses increased to over 200, a number of dwellings was erected, and two flouring mills came into existence; and in the following year the same steady pace was kept up. The amount of duties collected for the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1876, was $264,046, against $171,430 in 1875, and $67,472 in 1874. In 1877 the same steady advancement in buildings was shown, many fine and costly structui'es being erected— in all about 800; and in 1878 the city progressed even more rapidly, tfcere being an addition of over 100 new buildings. Up to 1870, the only coranmnication with the outer world was the cart brigade, which for years had broughi/ the needed supplies, first from St. Paul, and the" x>m St. Cloud, in Minnesta. One or two trips had been made by the primi- t constructed stern-wheel steamers of that day, but in 1871 there was an irre- gu...!- river service in summer and a stage line to Minnesota in winter. It was not till the end of 1878 that rail communication was afforded, and this gave an impetus to the growth of the city in the folfowing year, — and in the ensuing summer (1881) thei'e were over 400 business institutions, including several wholesale houses, five banks, and a large number of manufacturing industries, which gave employment to about 600 workmen. It was in this year that the great boom in real estate set in — an inflation which sent people crazy in theii* desire to dabble in land— an era in gambling in which all, men and women, preacher and layman, rich and poor, specu- lated, and colossal fortunes (on paper) were made dailu- The people were carried away by the excitement of the day. Men talked in " tnousands " as glibly as they now do of *' hundreds," lots were quoted at fabulous sums per front foot, land in the suburbs — two, three, four and five miles from the business centre — wiis sui-veyed into lots, and eagerly purchased at boom figures ; champagne flowed like water — every one was flush. It was a fool's paradise. Gradually the excitement spread to the surrounding villages and towns, reaching as far west as Edmonton, 900 miles away. That was the limit. The second day it was on the market, realizing absui-dly fictitious values, buyera began to unload. Then the reaction set in, and the bubble burst. Then everyone got down to hard pan, and, after a year or two of depression, Winnipeg commenced once more to assert itself, confidence— not alto- THE CITY OF WINNIPKO. 69 Paoturing )ne, as is mi-ces: — b], exclu- ;b outsido ined to a 0th June, da, $112.- Ihina and )unted to rhich was ) imports as notice- »f not any 5 imports, $588,958. er 200, a 3nce; and of duties t $171,430 buildings lO ; and in r 100 new a the cart Paul, and ;he primi- an irre- t was not n impetus aer (1881) ousea, five oyment to te set in — an era in )or, specu- }re caiTied y as they and in the sui'veyed e water — spread to 900 miles realizing et in, and or two of ■ not alto- gelk«i" lost — was fully restoied, and, in a quiet, business-like manner, the city began to proaipcr again on a solid foundation. The site of the city is a very eligible one for commerce, being, as stated, at the conflnx of the Sad and Assiniboine rivers, the two principal streams of the province. Through the medium of the fii-st, communication is had with Lake Winnipeg, and all rivers having an outlet into that large body of fresh water. These rivors and lakes give Winnipeg a system of inland navigation possessed by few other cities in either the dominion or the neighboring republic. With slight improvements to them and other connecting bodies of water, Winnipeg will become the cntrepdt of probably one of the largest mercantile districts on the continent. In addition to the facilities aiforded for in 'and navigation, railway enterprises in operation and others projected give every indication of Winnipeg becoming, very shortly, a railway centre. The city does not depend on agriculture alone, great as that is, but has the vast coal fields of the West, the auriferous deposits of the Saskatchewan and Rocky Mountains, together with mineral and forest resources of the North and East, already paying homage to the commercial shrine of the Prairie City.' Being the capital of the province, it has, thoreibre, become the headquarters of the provincial govern- ment. The residence of the lieutenant governor, parliament house and public depart- ments of the province are stationed here. It is besides the judicial centre of the province. The Dominion Government, too, has made this city the headquarters for locally transacting business in Manitoba and the Northwest. Among the offices located here are the customs, inland revenue, immigration, dominion lands, receiver general, crown timber, Canadian Pacific railway, fishery, Indian and post office departments. The city is not as regulai-ly laid out as many of the new cities on the other side of the forty-ninth parallel, owing to the original owners having become possessed of their lands by measuring from the nver front, thus giving various angles and breadths. The city shows this now. The part laid out by the Hudson Bay company and contiguous to old Fort Oarry has been most regularly laid out at right angles, crossing Main street. Main street has scai-cely a counterpart on this continent. It was laid out by the government of Assinaboia in 1836, and was originally a colonist i-oad, extending from West Lynne on the international boundary near Pembina to Lake Winnipeg, and had an established width of 132 feet. This great highway has never been allowed to be encroached upon. It follows the wind- ings of the river at a pretty regulai- distance, or rather the Indian trail. As a con- sequence the road is winding, and the result is that Main street is far from straight. But herein lies its beauty. For two and a half miles it has been paved with block pavement, with eighteen-foot walks at each side, with only enough rise from a per- fect level to drain itself. On either side are palatial warehouses and stores, and, the architecture being so varied, the changes are certainly unique. One thinks he is coming to the end of the street, when lo I another and a finer view opens out ; and this change is more than once or twice. Portage Avenue is another colonist road, extending from Main street west to Portage la Prairie, of the same width as Main street, and following the windings of the Assinaboine river. The principal residence portion of the city is south of this avenue, and is near the parliament and other public building, although Fort Rouge, as the part of the city south of the Assinaboine is called, holds its own with any part of the city for elegant residences and pleasant drives. The main street_River Avenue, in this pari is also paved, and Ml 60 THE NEW WEST. is a favorite driving l)Oulovai-(l. The rivor banks are heavily wooded, and extend Bome distance from the rivor, and every advantage is taken of these eligible build- ing sites. The enterprise and energy of the piess of Winnipeg is perhaps unsurpassed Id the Dominion. Notwithstanding the comparatively small constituency, which necessarily limits tlio circulation of the different newspapers, and the great expense oonnectotl with the publication, all the journals are very creditable productions and compare more than favorably with the })res8 of other cities of the same size. There are three dailies, the Free Press (Reform) and Call (Conservative) published in the morning, and the Sun ( Independent) issued in the evening. Pull telegraphic reports of the world's doings are given, and the locals columns demonstrate the activity of the ubiquitous reporter. These dailies have also weekly editions, and besides these are the Commercial, whose name indicates its mission ; Siftings, (humourous), North- west Review (Catholic), The Colonist^ Northwest Farmer and several church and educational papers. Winnipeg has been foi-tunate in possessing energetic councils, the present one being composed of Hon. L. M. Jones, mayor ; Aid. Mulvey, Baker, A. Macdonald, Riley, Calloway, t'lotchor, Ryan, Hutchings, Grundy, Black, D. Macdonald and Poison (resigned). Opposite Winnipeg — on the east bank of the Red River, — is situated St. Boni- face, which is chiefly populated by people of French extraction. Here is the foun- tain head of Roman Catholicism in the Northwest ; the home of Archbishop Taoh^, whose name is revered by Protestant and Catholic alike ; the Cathedral of St. Boni- face, whose bolls " on turret twain " were immortalized by Whittier ; the schools and colleges and hospitals of the catholic church. The town has a population of about 2,000 ; contains a number of good stores, hotels, a newspaper, etc., and is con- nected with Winnipeg by un iron toll bridge. SELKIRK. The busy little town of Selkirk is situated on the banks of the Red River about twenty-two miles, in a northerly direction, and midway between the metropolis of the province of Manitoba and Lake Winnipeg. The population is between 700 and 800 souls and as they are all tired with a more than ordinary amount of ambition and Are confident that some day, not far in the dim future, they are destined to become the head quai-ters for Manitoba and the North West, and look upon themselves as a fival to Winnipeg. It was at Selkirk the government at one time proposed to span the Red River with a biidge and make that the crossing for the C. P. R. and indeed not only was the river surveyed but a railway track was laid to the water's edge and it was proposed to commence work on the east end of the bridge. The idea was, however, abandoned and when the news reachedSelkirk the dismay which the people felt was very great at getting, what they termed, the " go by." Feeling that rail- way communication was absolutely necessary for the welfare of the town negotia- tions were entered into, a few yeai-s later, and completed, with the municipalitj of St. Andrews, whereby the Canadian Pacitio Railway Company was bonused to the extent of $70,000, and a branoh line was built, the driving of the last spike of which, by the Hon. Premier of the ^Province, Hon. John Norquay, being an event in the SKTiKlRK. •1 H r PI V i: n / f| [| il (n THE NEW WEST. hiHtory of Iho lowu which will go est tha market affords and all delicacies In sea- son. The billiard-room is tha moat commodloua In tha tP- n, while the bar la atocked with the beat winea, liquors ar. J cigars. A free 'bus and a porter meet all trains, and every nssistanca is rendered to guests on arrival at the station. STONEWALL. The village of Stonewall is so called from the plentitudo of stone to be found in the neighborhood. There are throe stone quarries hei-e, two of which are being worked at the present time. The town haa many monuments of the use and beauty of the stone in the homes of the inhabitants. Lumber is also to be had at a very reasonable figure, and a desire to beautify their homes on the part of the farmers ia very noticeable in the surrrounding country. On every aide are amall bluffa, which are of great use in breaking the severity of the winter winds. Good water is to be had at a distance of 30 to 40 feet. Every farm house ia supplied with a stone cellar which keeps the milk cream and butter in a delicious state. Wood is plentiful and cheap. A. line-kiln is in connection with the quarries, and good brick clay ia found in abundance in the vicinity. The penitentiary is five miles distant, and ia the centre of a thriving village which brings quite a little trade to Stonewall. There is a cheese factory, which proves a great bleaaing to farmer'a wivea, and manufactures excellent obeoae ; a flour mill with capacity 160 bbls. per day ; 2 good hotels, 3 hard- ware shops, 2 blacksmith shops, 3 general stores, furniture store, butcher shop and milliner's shop which is conducted by two genial young ladies, with whom it ia a pleasure to do business. The town supports a weekly paper, The Stonewall News, which contains a good epitome of the world's doings. The town is 20 miles distant from Winnipeg, being the terminus of the Stonewall branch. The train runs between the two places, every second day. It is the county town of Bockwood, and the market town of Brant, Balmoral, Grassmere and Shoal Luke. Bee-culture is becoming a favorite occupation among the residents. The population ot the town is between three and four hundred. The boom of 1882 did not benefit Stonewall, but its evil effects are being rapidly and successfully swept out of existence. Two doctors prac- r fi CI I' r i! PI ri' I* Ml THE NEW WEST. tice here and both receive onconiums from their separate admirera. With these industries at thoir doors, and with a Baptist, English, Methodist and Presbyterian chai-ch, two public schools with satiefactoiy teachers, the people of Stonewall will no' doubt continue in ways of prospei-ity and their faces and homes will still reflect their well-known hospitality. Ifi MORDEN. The town of Moi"den, which derives its name from one of the pioneer settlens of Southern Manitoba, Mr. Alvey Morden, is situated [on the Pembina branch of the Manitoba Southwestern By., 80 miles S.W. of Winnipeg. This busy little town sprang into existence within the last four years, and has, to-day, many costly and comfortable residences, as well as a large number of commodious places of business. MoMen is situated in the heart of the Garden of Manitoba, as in eveiy direction from it, as far as the ye can reach, are to be seen smiling fields of grain and the most valuable soils for the production of cereals and nutritious grasses, and the lands are occupied by experienced fariae/s from all parts of Ontario, as well as from the " Old Sod." With all these advantages, the establishment of a substantial town naturally followed. The place is fully supplied with stores well stocked with goods • required by a mixed community. There is also a private bank here, and there is also an excellent field for a chartered bank. A feeling of contentment beams fi-om the countenances of all the residents, a very large number of whom ai'e building comfortable houses, being satisfied with the choice of location they have made, and thoroughly convinced that they are settled in apportion of the country which posses- ses a pre-poncferance of the natural advantages to bo found in a good live community. In ecclesiastical as well as educational matters, Morden is also well supplied, having churches of four denominations, and a Salvation Army barracks. It also makes a proud boast of having one of the best schools in the province, outside of Winnipeg. To show the amount of business done herejthe following statement ot exports from September Ist. 1887, to Nov. Slst, 1888, are given: Wheat 550,000 bushels Flax 28,000 " Oats 5,400 '* Barley 6,250 '* Morden has also one roller-process flour mill, and one grist mill, with three run of stones, two large elevators and the building of a thii*d is in contemplation, cai-riage iL^jtories, pump factory, three hotels, two wholesale liquor stores, two hardwi o ■'■o'-sy a saddlery establish, cordwainer, tonsorial [artists, lumber yardsj machine B^ops and all the leai-ned professions are well represented. The volume ^of business r .'"« is simply amazing ard it is increasing daily ,which fact cannot be woundered at .vhun the pushing nature of the uaerchants is taken into consideration. MORDKN. 65 bese nan lino heii' PROMINENT BUSINESS HOUSES OF MORDEN. •8 of the own and tion the the rom >wn lods • 9 is •om ling and Bes- ity. iug )B a •eg. om i-un ig© ! e ine eaa at E> P«nner * Co., H. P. HaDsen, ruidont partner, Manager, Wholesale and Retail Dry Goods, Olothing, Boots and Shoes, Oroeeriesi etc., Railway street, Morden, Man. This business is a branch of E. Penner & Co. of Qretna, Man., Mr. Hansen being manager and resident partner. An important branch of oommeroial activity and one deserving prominent mention in this historical review of the North-wost mercantile and manufacturing interests, is the general store trade. Among the merchants in this line is the above mentioned firm. The premises occupied are spacious and commodious, and their facilities for transacting business are of an unusually complete charac- ter, enabling them to offer special advantages to customers and to execute all orders in the promptest and most satis- factory manner. They handle all kinds of dry goods, such as silks, linens, hosiery , millinery goods, also clothing,gents' furnishings, hats and caps, boots and shoes, groceries, etc. The members of the firm are E. Penner, Otto Schulz, and Henry P. Hansen. This firm transacts more business than any other similar concern in Southern Manitoba. They are also the pioneer merchants of Morden, their buililing being the first store erected. In connection with this branch they have a tailoring establishment and tin-ware manufactory. Halcgr 4t Sntten, Wholesale and Retail Dry Qoods, Clothing, Gents furnishings. Boots and Shoes, Groceries, etc.. Main street, Morden, Man. Among the active enter- prising and popular business men in this section of the country are Haley tc Sutten, whose neat and attraOvive establishment is situated on Main street in the business centre of the town. This business was first established at Nelson, Man., in 1878, but when Morden was first started, seeing the advisability of Railway facilities, they moved tu their present quarters in 1885, and from the very start have enjoyed a prosperous career. The store occupied is spacious and commodious, admirably arranged, and heavily stocked with a fine assortment of dry goods, linens, woollens, hosiery, dress goods, clothing, gents fur- nishings, boots and shoes, groceries, etc. Popular prices prevail, and it is the firm's endeavor to merit by a straight- forward course of dealing a continuance of the patronage now enjoyed . Their facilities for transacting business are of an unusually complete character, enabling them to offer special advantages to customers. The members of the firm are W- M. Haley and W.J. Sutten. Personally they are energetic business men, honorable and fair in all their tracsaotions, and well deserving the success they are achieving. G. W. llIeli»r«M« Wholesale and Retail. Drugs, Jewelry, Stationery and Fancy Goods, Main street, Mor- den, Man. An important fratare in connection with the progress and prosperity of the business interests of citietf is their well conducted Drug and PharmaoeutiRal establish- ments, and in a complete and comprehensiTO work profes- sing to present in a reliable and attractive manner, the uommercial facilities of a city, this enterprise deserves special notiee- One of the neatest and most attractive •tores of this olasi is that of the firm heading this notice, under the immediate si-pervision of that courteous gentle- man Mr. McLaren .IHe carries a well selected and varied assortment of pure drugs and chemicals, the most reliable patent medicines and all such articles are kept in a well regulated establishment of this kind. Mr. McLaren also keep in stock a full line of jewelry, watches, clocks, silver- ware, et., employing a practical watchmaker to do all kinds of repairing, also a full, complete line of stationery, books and fancy articles are always to be had?atthis establishment. Mr. McLaren is recognised in business circles as a push and go ahead man, enjoying the respect and esteem of all who know him. Dnnaros^ A Co., Bankers, Financial and Insurance Agents, Railway street, Morden, Man.-^Thel banking sys- tem has been for many years a positive force in the pro- gress of modem civilitatiom and the accumulation of national wealth. It has been an important factor inttbe education of every community, whichlit has influenced in habits of economy and prudence. Dunsford & Co. do|a general banking busi.-ess, and they are also agents for the Landed Bank and Loan Co. of Hamilton, Ont., London and Canadian Loan Co., Hamilton Provident Jk Loan Co., and agents for the City of London Fire Insurance Co., Northwest Fire Insurance Co. and Canada Life Insurance Co., which is one of the best life companies in North America. Mr. C. R. Dunsford, late manager Bank of Montreal, established this business here in 1886, and since its inception, the business has steadily increased. The bank transacts a general business in loans, discounts and deposits, deals in foreign exchange and has superior fa- cilities for making collections in this country. Accounts of banks, bankers, corporations, manufacturers and mer- chants are received on liberal terms ; personal attention is likewise paid to the business of correspondents, whose interests are safely guarded and promptly served. <|a«en'a Hotel* G. T. Lundy, Proprietor, Stephen street, Morden, Man.— One of the leading hotels of this city is the Queen's- This house is very commodious, two storeys in height, and contains fifteen large and well fur- nished sleeping rooms.mOn the first floor is the offloe, bar, billiard room, dining room, sample rooms and parlors, while the second floor contains the sleeping rooms. The dining nn)m is neatly furnished, and its tables are always well supplied with everything in season. The parlors are large and handsomely furnished for the convenience of the guests of the house . The bar is stocked with the beet wines, liquors and cigars, the billiard room contains a number of billiard and pool tables of the best make, the house being a favorite resort for the travelling public Mr. Lundy, the proprietor, is a genial, oorteous gentle- man, who makes his guesU feel thoroughly at home, and his popularity extends throughout the province, no hotel man being better or more favorably known than he. A free buss meets all trains for the accommodation of travellers. Mr. Lundy is also owner of one of the two roller flouring mills of this place, having a capacity of 7fr bbls. of flour per day. r, ?! t P H ;ll 66 THE NEW WEST. PROMINENT BUSINESS HOUSES OF MANITOU. W. D. Batten, Dry Ooods, Millinery, Olothing, Boots and Shoes, Grooeries, Crockery and Olassware, etc., Maio Street, Manitou, Man. — This extensive business was founded.some three years aito, Mr. Ruttan having moved from Ruttanville, which is twelve miles from south of this place, where he was in business four years prior to his re- moval. He brings to bear the widest range of praotioal experience, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade. The store is large and oommodious, and most centrally located. Here is displayed a heavy and wisely diversified stock covering the following staple lines : Dry goods, dress goods, millinery, olothing, boots and shoes, grooeries, crockery and gliissware, eto., in complete assort- ment, at prices that cannot be readily duplicated elsewhere. There is not a general merchant, a grocer, or a house-fur- nishing goods dealer, " Uo will not find in this vast assort- ment many lines both iialeable and profitable to have in stock. The firm's laudable ambition to excel in its line hns become generally recognized, and no house has brighter prospects before it in the near future. Fnllerton A Roaa« Dry Goods, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Groceries, etc.. Front Street, Manitou, Man.— Among the various extensive land growing Industries of Manitoba which exercise an important influence upon our general trade, there is none, perhaps, occupying a more useful position than the general store trade. Among the enterprising and popular firms in this line is that of Ful- lerton and Ross, whose well fitted up establishment is on Front Street. The house has been established for the post five years, and has built up a large and prominent patron- aRe. The store is eligibly located and well arranxed, dis- playing to advantage a splendid stock of dry goods, notions, clothing, boots and shoes, groceries, crockery, eto. Only the best and purest goods are kept in stock and offered at the lowest possible prices. The members of the firm are W. Fullerton and M. A. Ross ; both are thorough-going business men, fair in all transactions, and are highly esteemed for their strict integrity and sterling personal worth. James Hnston, Wholesale and Retail Dry Goods, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Qrooerios, etc., Main Street, Manitou, Man.— The general store interests of this country occupy a very important place in her commercial history, and have aided more than any other single industry in building up her commerce to its present magnificent pro- portions. Prominent among these houses who have ear- nestly contributed to this result is the well-known and reliable house of James Huston. The stock carried is full and complete, embracing dry goods, olothing, boots and shoes, staple and fancy groceries, eto. Mr. Huston is also agent for the Canada Permanent Loan and Savings Co. of Toronto, which is one of the best and most reliable loan companies in North America. The aim of this house has always been to carry none but tho best goods at reasonable prices, and that this fact has not passed unappreciated by the trade is abundantly evidenced by his large and growing patronage. The policy on which the business is conducted is characterised by great liberality, extending all legiti- mate accommodations to customers, so that transactions once commenced with this firm may be made not only pleasant, but of such a nature that they shall become prominent and profitable. Mr. Huston is well known to the trade as an honorable, liberal and conscientious busi- scss man. B. MeKeiut*« Carriage Manufactory, Main Street, Maniton, Man.— The prosperity of a town is greatly en- hanced by the encouragement of its manufactures; ita importance as a purchasing point it also increased, result- ing alike in advantages to the manufacturer, merchant and citiien. Of all the classes that go to make up a com- munity, none is more deserving our regard than the manufacturer. He invests his capital, time and talents in producing that which gives employment to many. Among the noted manufacturers of carriages, wagons and sleighs in our country, we take pleasure in calling attention to Mr. R. MoKeniie's, on Main street, who ha^ been engaged in this line here for over four years. J MoKeniie's success has been in a great measure due to tuu o-cillence of his work, everything turned out of this establishment being unexcelled by »ny manufactory in the country. He is an extensive builder of buggies, wagons and sleighs, and is ready to build any kind which bis patrons desire. Horse-shoeing and general carriage work also form a large feature of his business, repairing being done most thoroughly, and at the same time expeditiously. Mr. Mo- Kenzie is highly respected, and has won an enviable repu- tation in his branch of business, and the large trade he has secured is the result of his earnest endeavors to do his work in the best style and at moderate prices. KerF 4t Mmgtie, Furniture Warerooms, Main street, Manitou, Man.— This firm carry on one of the most exten- sive furniture establishments in Southern Manitoba, and a visit to their wnrerooms, ^ t tho above mentioned place, will be well repaid by a view of one of the finest assort- ment of all kinds of furniture to be found in any city on the M. & 8. W. Railway. The firm occupy a building on Main street, which is of large dimension, giving them by far a larger amount of floor spaoe than is possessed by any similar establishment in the country. The stock of furniture embraces the most chaste and beautiful designs in bedroom sets, while the richly upholstered parlor suites are certain to excite the admiration of all. In desks, plain and rolling tops, office furniture, dining-room and kitchen sets, there is the most complete variety, the whole constituting a splundid assortment. Messrs. Kurr Sc Mogee are highly esteemed by the community, and are entitled to the success which they enjoy. Stewart House, W. C. Kennedy, proprietor. Main street, Manitou, Man.— One of the best known and largest hotels in this country is the Stewart House, situated on Main street, commanding a magnificent view of the town and surrounding country. The hotel building is three stories in height, and contains twenty-four elegantly fur- niahed and thoroughly heated sleeping rooms. The con- venience of the house to the railway depot and the business portion of the town gives it a large transient custom. The rates, both for temporary and permanent boarders, are excedingly moderate. On the first fioor is the ofiioe, dining-room, samp'<) rooms, bar and billiard-room while the second and third floors contain the parlors and sleep- ing rooms. The table is always provided with the very best the market affords and all delicacies in season, while the bar is stocked with the purest and best wines, liquors and cigars. The proprietor, Mr. Kennedy, is an experi- enced hotel man. He is a genial, considerate host, and very popular thronghuut the country. I':i FARM SCENE. 67 S r PI *i I «"' !:;i 68 THE NEW WEST. pi PROMINENT BUSINESS HOUSES OF PILOT MOUND a. T. Gord«a> Wholesale and Retail Lumber, Saib, Doom, ete., Qrain Bnyer and Stock Dealer, offioe. Railway Street, Pilot Mound, Man.— In a historioal review of the manufaoturing and busineu intereita of the North- Weat, the egtsbliabment of J. T. Oordon, whoae offioe, warehouse and yaitU are looated ion Railway Street, is deierving of gpeoial mention and a prominent position. This business was established in 1886. Mr. Qurdon is one of the heavy Brain buyera and shippers of live (took in this part of the country. Being one of the first to venture in business beru, it is but Just to give him credit for his financial success. He handles all Ikinds of lumber, sash, doors, blinds, lath and shingles. Hr. Oordon is an enterprising and energetic business man, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. ThoBMis M,jK*y> Dry Ooods, Millinery, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Qrooeries, etc.. Main Street, Pilot Mound Man.— Oommeneing in 1882, Mr. McKay is virtually the pioneer merchant in this part of the country. The premises occupied are large, commodious, and well arranged, and it is quite evident, from the taste shown by Mr. McKay in his specialty, that his establishment cannot fail to rank high and become at once a source of honor and profit to him. His knowledge lof what is really fashionable and saleable can bo ^een at a glance, even by the less experi- enced, and must tend to enlarge and distinguish his estab- lishment. Mr. McKay carries a full and complete line of dry goods, dress goods, millinery, hosiery, fancy goods, clothing, boots and shoes, groceries, etc. IMr. McKay, be- sides being a well qualified business man, is of agreeable and social address, a pleasant man to meet at all times. B«lrd Broa., Dry Qoods, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Groceries, etc, Grain Buyers, Railway Street, Pilot Mound, Man.— Among the leading business establishments of Southern Manitoba is that of Baird Bros., dealers in dry goods, clothing, boots and bhoes, groceries, etc., also buyers and shippers of grain. This is one of the most enterprising firms in Pilot ^ound, and is worthy cf ex- tended mention in a work devoted ;to a description of the leading industrial and business interests of the country. Baird Bros, established themselTea here in 1883, and by strict attention to business, coupled with a straightforward system of honorable dealing, have won their way into the front rank of our most substantial merchants. The prem- ises occupied are commodious and well adapted for the transacting of their busmess. The members of the firm are J. B. Baird and R. Baird, both gentlemen of sound, praotioal experience, and are esteemed by all. t. A, HoblM, Drugs, Stationery and Fancy Articles, Railway street. Pilot Mound, Man.— This business was started in 1886, and from its inception hu proved a sno- ocH. The premises occupied are spacious and eommo- dious, admirably arranged and equipped for the aoeommo- dation of a large and valuable stock, embracing a fln* assortment of drugs, medicines, toilet articles, drnggists* sundries. Jewellery, watches, clocks, etc, books, stationery and musical instruments. Special attention is given to the careful compounding of physicians' prescriptions^ which department is under the special supervision of Mr. llobbs. He is a gentleman of large practical experience, having served a lengthy apprenticeship previous to start- ing business in this place. Mr. Hobbs is widely known and highly esteemed in pharmaceutical circles as an ener- getic, clear-headed business man, honorable, liberal and fair in all transactions, and well meriting the success he is achiering. Tremoat House, George Wood, Proprietor, comer Main and Railway streets. Pilot Mound, Man.— This is the leading hotel of the town, situated in the centre of the business portion of the place, and in close proximity to the Railway station. The house was opened by the present proprietor In 1887, and has done a large business since that time. It is a frame structure, two storeys in height* In connection with the house is a Sn«. sample room, and the best wines, liquor.^ iid cigars are always kept on h:;-^. The office, dining-room, bar, sample rooms and billiard hall are on the first floor and furnished in good style, while the floor above is devoted parlors and fourteen sleeping rooms, all elegantly furnished and fitted up with Aview to comfort as well as appearance. Mr. Wood is a gentleman of extensive experienoe in hotel business, and in tbisoom- modions bouse has given unmistakable proofs of being the accomplished host, neglecting nothing which can add to the pleasure or comfort of guests. JsuMMi Stnsirt, Carriage Manufacturer and Black- smithing, Main Street, Pilot Mound, Man.— This review of the North -West's mercantile and manufacturing inter- ests would be incomplete without a sketch of the carriag* manufacturer. Among these firms is James Stnrat. The business was established eight years ago, and from a small beginning has attained proportions of considerable magni- tude. Eight or ten employees are now given constant em- employment by this concern, which enjoys the reputation of being the leading manufactory of the kind in the town. Having a thorough practical knowledge ot the business and from a lengthy experience, well understanding the special requirements of this country, Mr. Stewart is able to turn out work nr.surpassed in vorkmanship, finish and durability. He is held in high regard for his honorable business methods and sterling integrity. KILLARNBT. 69 KILLARNBT. As the old geography says of the famous Eillarney of Ireland : " many a day may be spent among the most beautiful scenery ", so do we say of its god-child — the Killarney of Manitoba. Situated as it is on the shore of a beautiful lake, about four miles in length, by three quarters in breadth, with very irregular boundaries ; the spot, no doubt, reminded the first settler r his dear old home across the sea. But the resemblance goes no farther than outward appearance. Southern' Manitoba is acknowledged to be the garden of the North- West. It is from here that the great sui-plus of wheat, oats and barley come, and Eillarney is situated right in the heart of this fertile belt. The Little Pembina Mountain is at no great distance, and its rol- ling slopes are dotted with the happy homes of the prosperous and contehted farmers. The mountain and lake combined render this a groat country for sport. As the duck season approaches, many eyes turn wistfully in this dii-ection, and when the proclama- tion goes forth that the close season has expired, from north, south, east and west may be heard the crack, crack of the " sportsman's engine ", and the oft repeated splash, as another victim falls, to ^ brought to shore by the faithful watei-^dog, which is always in attendance. When the shooting is good and many fowl are " bagged ", they ai-e shipped to Winnipeg, where some are sold to the ready customer and others are packed in ice for winter use. The South Western skirts the town, and thus ample facilities are provided for the exportation of grain and gai-den produce, of which there is more than " enough and to spai-e." The town is well supplied with . general stores, in which one can find anything from a needle to an anchor — no, hardly, for the hardware line is well represented and patronized as an exclusive business. The dryness of the atmosphere, combined with the delights of boating, fishing and swimming, combine to make Killarney the frequented summer resort that it is. If cheerful faces and genial hosts tend to make life worth living, in Killarney, and its adjoining homesteads these blessings may be found in abundance. Pi ii <5* ■(1 PROMINENT BUSINESS HOUSES OF KILLARNEY. T. t. lAWlcr, Dry Ooctdi, Clothing, Boots and ShoM, OrooeriM, Orookery, eto., Killarney, Man.— The heavy basineii now tranaaoted here was founded by Mr. Lawlor in the year 1886, and aa the oldest in Killarney, ia worthy of apeoial mention in thia hiatorioal review. Mr. Lawlor tmrelled through thia country years ago, when the site on which Killarney now atands was a wilder- neas. He foreaaw, however, a bright future twfore tbe place, and no one has done more than he to help to build up Killarney aa a centre for trade. Mr. Lawlor was the firat person to erect a building here, and hia public-spirited progressive course has met with the «ateem and commendation of hia fellow-cititeni, while hia houae la to-day one of the mott popular in the country- The business is most centrally located in the two-story and basement building, corner Main and Railway atreeta, 24x50 feet in dimenaiona, and handsomely fitted up in the most substantial manner. The stock ia aa superior aa it ia ez- tenaive, and has ever commanded the finest class of trade. Mr. Lawlor handles only the purest and best of every grade, and is a direct importer of the most desirable lines of dry goods, embracing dress goods, hosiery, fancy goods, linens, silks, etc.. alao clothing, boota and shoes, groceries and provisions. Mr. liawlor ia a progressive business man of energy and enterprise, prompt, reliable and straightforward ' in all his transactions with the trade and the community. •70 THE NEW WEST. Alf. Aafedown, HardwarUiSloves, Tinware, oto., Main Straeti KHIarneyi Man.— Ainoni; the leading huusoa in this line ii that of A. Aihdown, whose premises are situated on Main street, in the centre of the business portion of the town. His establishment is large and oommojioui, and is divided into two departments, the front portion being oooupied as a salesroom, while in the roar is the worlcshop, where all kinds of tinware is manufactured. Mr. Ashdown, besides manufacturing tinware, does roofing, spouting and general Job work to order, employing none but the best workmen. The stock of hardware comprises a complete line of shelf and heavy hardware, house-furnishing goods, ranges, stoves, grates, etc., including all the most popular makes and styles, keeping desirable goods and selling at low figures. He has worked up a good established trade, to which he gives close attention. Mr. Ashdown is an enterprising and energetic businebs man, and ei\joys the confidence and esteem of all who know him. Mr. Ashdown is agent for the Wataon Manufacturing Co., handling all kinds of farming implements, Watson Deering binder, John Able steam thrasheri seeders, mowers, rakes, fanning mills, plows, etc Grand Central Hot«l, M. Qouldie, Proprietor, Killarney.Man.— No person can have visited Killarney within the last few years and not be familiar with the name of the above house, and many a traveller in bygone ieat« has found it an oasis in the desert of weary travel. This house is at the comer of Main and Railway streets. almost opposite the railway depot, and la thu oonv«> niently located. The building is two storeyi in height, con- structed with a view to solidity and comfort. On the street floor are the office, dining-room, bar, billUrd ball' and sample rooms ; on the second floor are eighteen hand- somely furnished and well-heated sleepmg room*, also largo and well fitted up parlors for the accommodation of guests. The table is supplied with the best the nurket affords, and game in season. C. W. Wllltoma, Dry Qoods, Clothing, BooU and Shoes, (IrocerieS) etc , Killarney, Man.— One of thoM repre- sentative concerns which so convincingly demonitrate Manitoba's mercantile supremacy in the Northwest isth* general store of Mr. 0. W. Williams, situated on Main street. The business was established at Wakopa, foortMn miles southwest of this place, in 1880, by the present pro- prietor. The railroad reaohint KUUmey in 1886iMr. Williams moved to his present location the same year, being or ' >f the first business houses starting here, since which time he has built up a large and lacrativa trade, which extends to all parts of the surrounding country. The premises occupied are commodious and well arranged. Here will be found a heavy stock of dry goods, dress goods, hosiery, fancy goods, clothing, boots and shces, staple and fancy groceries, etc. Mr. Williams is United States Consular Agent for this district, and is held in the highest estimation in commercial life for his many sterling qualities and strict integrity. BOISSEVATN. 1^ PL " Man hath no part in all this glorious work. Tlie Hand that built the firmament hath heaved And moved tnese verdant swells; sown their slopes with herbage, Planted them with ialand groves, and hedged them round with foresta. Fitting floor for this magnificent temple of the sky. With flowers whose glory and whose multitude Rival the constellations." Bryant's " Prairie " aptly describes this portion of southern Manitoba. Situated as it is in the centre of a well-settled section of country, Boissevain bids fair to become a prosperous town. The Turtle mountain is observable at the south of the town, and thus forms a diversion for the eye, which becomes habituated to a " vast tract of level country," after a few yeai-s' residence in almost any othei- portion of Manitoba. Good hotel accommodation is procurable at any of the hotels, and plenty of room is warranted, as the Hotels will accommodate several hundred guests, and this in a country where some ten years ago a man must either carry his bed or sleep on his "mother earth." Spiritual and educational matters are well provided for, there being three churches— Episcopal, Presbyterian and Methodist. The public school established last November is under the efficient management of Mr. McKay. Almost every line of business is represented in Boissevain. The town is to be congratulated upon its capacious elevatore and warerooms. All the free government grants have been already taken up, and only the odd-numbered sections are open for settlement. But the old adage says, " There's luck in odd numbers." The first building was BOI88KVAIN. n erected in 1886. During the two Kucceeding years, churcheH, schools, elovatore, hotels, general stores, bookstore, bakery, etc., have all been supplied. By the way, the bakeiy is an innovation to the orthodox run of pioneer establishments, and will, we suppose, be a bait to some intending settler, though we must say that the person who cannot make good bread from Manitoba flour is not much of a cook. The shoot" ing around Boissevain is good, and during the late fall and early winter a large supply of ducks, partridges, prairie chicken, rabbits and wild goose may be secui-ed to make the lightsome change for the diet of the family. PROMINENT BUSINESS HOUSES OF BOISSEVAIN. A. C. MoEown, Dry Oooda, Fanoy Goods, Fur Oooda, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Qroceries, eto.. corner Railway and Broadway streets, Hoissevain, Man.— Among the enter- prises which thrireand prosper in thisoountry,that of the general store merchant must not be overlooked in a work of this character. Many are engaged in this industry, and none have been more successful in it, or arc entitled to greater praise than Mr. A. C. McEown. Ue has been en- gaged in this business since 188U, at which timo the title of the firm was McEown t Cookburn. Early in 1897 Mr. MrEown bought out the interests of Mr. Cockburn, and by his attention to the demands of customers, his promptness and fair dealing, has succeeded in building up a patronage of which anyone might well feel proud. The premises occupied are large and commodious, and Btooked with a full and complete line of dress gooos, linens, woollens, clothing, fur coats, boots and shoes, groceries, provisions, etc. Mr. McEown is an enterprising, energetic and strictly reliable and upright gentleman, and esteemed by all. Ryan Honae, C. Ryan, Proprietor, Railway street, BoissevaiJ, Man.— Boissevain has good hotels, as a rule, and there is no better conducted or more comfortable house in townlthan the well known and popular Ryan House, situated on Railway street, in close proximity to the liailway station. The house is of large dimensions, embracing two storeys in height, and is one of the best constructed hotel buildings in the country. It was re- cently built and has been furnished in the neatest and most comfortable manner. The house contains eighteen sleeping rooms, all well fitted up. with parlors handsomely furnished and provided with all the latest modern im- provements. The bar is stocked with the best wines, liquors and cigars. The dining-room is large and spacious, while the table is supplied with the best in the market. Mr. Ryan is a gonial, considerate host and fory popular throughout the country, with two extensive sample rooms for travellers. J. A. Wrlvtat, Drugs, Toilet Articles, Fanoy Qjods, Books and Stationery, Railway street, Boissevain, Man.— This very competent druggist has but recently commenced business (ltt86), but in a way that plainly indicates his in- tention of remaining in it. The premises are oommod pi ri V IS THK NEW WEST. Prominent Business Houses of Portage la Prairie. IH 1 T. * W. Miller, Hardirare, Tinware, etc., Saakat- ohowan Avenue, Portage la Prairie, Man.— Prominent •mong tiie extensive business establishments which have given Manitoba itJ< gupremaoy of the North-west, is that of T. & W. Miller, whose large and oommodious promises are situated on Saskatchewan Avenue. This business was founded in 1S78, and has sinoe that time made rapid and substantial progress, and has grown to proportions of great magnitude. The members of the Arm are T. B. Miller and W. Miller, men of energy and ability, who possess the true North-western spirit of push and enterprise. They are experienced and capable business men, whose laud- able ambition is to advance the interests of the hardware tradeof the Northwest in every way possible, and whose immense stock is, in its various departments, the best as- sorted of any in the city. The building is very centrally located and is well arranged for the business, being 90 x V20 feet in size and two stories in height. The firm carries a complete stock of builders' hardware, stoves, mechanics' tools, window glass, paints, oils, etc., also full lines of the best qualities of imported goods, such as cutlery, edge tools, house furnishing goods, tinware, etc., in short all the articles usually found in a first-class establishment of this Vind. In trade circles generally, and among their customers in particular, they are regarded as one of the most stable and reliable houses in i>ortage la Prairie, and parties entering into business relations with them, will in •very instance find their best interests conserved by this enterprising and honorable concern. J. Dodidmade, Furniture and Undertaker, Main Street, Portage la Prairie, Man.— Few departments of in- Justrinl and commercial activity have attained greater perfection, or a more deserved reputation in the North- west than that of the manufacture of furniture. Among the loading representatives in this line is Mr. J. Dodid- made, whose spacious and well equipped establishment is situated on Main street. The business was formerly conducted by Bishop k Shelton, being started in 1881, Mr. Dodidmade purchasing the business in IMS. He has by ■triot uttention, coupled with a atraightforward system of honorable dealing, built up a business which has grown to prosperous proportions. He employs none but skilled workmen, and his facilities are of a strictly first-class oharacter, enabling him to offer special advantages to cus- tomers, and to eiceoute all orders in the promptest and most satisfactory manner. His work is always of the best class and unexcelled for beauty and superiority of finish. In his store is displayed a large and well selected stock of fine household furniture, including elegant parlor, bedroom and dining-room sets, upholstered in the most tasteful style. Mr. Dodidmade is also one of the most widely known undertakers in the city. He is an energetic, honor- able business man, and well deitrving of the suceeas he has attained. Jt F. Howe, Photo Parlors, Saskatchewan Avenue, Portage la Prairie, Man. — Identified closely wit h the art industries of the Northwest, tbelwork produced at J. i. Rowe's Photograph Parlors has acquired an enviable oele- brity. This business was founded about aiz years 'ago by present proprietor, Mr. J. F. Rowe, and has proven most successful, showing a steady and highly gratifying increase. Mr. Kowe learned his art under the best photographen and has pursued it steadily. As an artist in photography and portraiture, Mr. Rowe produoes work that will compare favorably with the best in the world for softness in tone and perfection of finish. Ua ooeu- pies a spacious building on Saskatchewan Avenue, the rooms being fitted up exclusively for this bosiness, with all the latest and most modem appliances and conveniences. The apartments are perfect to pro- duce flawless results, scenic back-grounds, revolving back-grounds, ingenious arrangements for managing the light to accomplish any desired effect, double and solar canvas with all latest appliances ; but this would not be sufficient without the true artistic skill of a practical artist, and in this respect Mr. Rowe has no competitor in the country. Those at a distance who desire portraits or pic- tures, (or copies of such) that are in themselves eln»il4lr, Curaiture Miaulaoturorj, Portage la Prairie, Man— Prominent among the many houaea of enterprise and refinement engogoj in the sale of handsome furniture and tlie uiknufiioturo of upholstered goods is the reliable and widely known and popular firm of Williams lb lood^ir, waoae salesroom is looated oniSoa- katohewon avenue, in the centre of the'business portion of the oity. Much of the woodwork is turned and fash- ioned outside of the premises, the finishing and upholater- ing being attended to principally here. Tho specialty of the boujeis handsome furniture, much of which is mule from the rarest woods, aud carved in i a most workmanlike mmner from unique .and original designs and patterns. All kinds of parlor, dining-roum, office and household fur- niture can be found here. Aasialbolne B'>lier Flourlaiir .HIlUt Portage la Prairie, .Vf an.— Portage l« Prairie being one of the prin- cipal grain marts of the northern wheat .belt, and Kha distributing point for the product of this country, is from these causes a flour manufacturing city, with one of the finest mills in the west Among the representative mills in Canada we take pleasure in mentioning the Assiniboine Roller Mill, which was built in 1882. The capacity of the mill is 300 barrels of flour daily. The principal brands are known throughout the country as among the finest flour made in Manitoba, which necessarily means the entire country, for there are no finer brands of flour known than those made in this province, having not only a national, but a foreign reputation. The mill is supplied w'th all the latest improved machinery— rollers, purifiers, bolting machinery, bran dusters, etc— driven by engines of..,, horse power. The grades of choice family flour, which are made a specialty at this mill, have given it a reputa- tion which it lealously maintains, extending the trade throughout the east and weat. An elevator of IIS.UOO bushel capacity is attached to the mill to facilitate oper- ations. The offloers of the Mill Oomp'iny are H. M. Campbell, President, R. S. Thompson, Secretary, and Jas. McLenaghen, Manager- K. LyMI, Merchant Tailor, Main street. Portage Tj» Priirie, Man.— For over four years past the name and fame of Mr. B. Lyall, as a fashionable and reliable mer- chant tailor, have been familiar to the citiiens of Portage La Prairie and vicinity, where he has a large and profit- able business aoquaiatanoe. His elegant ^establishment on Main street, in the center of the business portion of the city, has longboeu famma aa the healquiirters for fine clothing. Mr. Lyall ia a prMlioal cutter, and ha'*2had many years' experience as a tailor. During the time lie has been established here, he has secured the pat- ronage and confidence of many of the leading gentlemen of the city, in all cases giving the most undoubted satis- r e a ' 4 1) !■»■ 80 THE NEW WEST. Iv footion, andestablishinca reputation aeoond to none en- ■aged in the aame businem. He keeps on hand a oare- fully selected and fashionable stook of the best fabries for gentlemens' ware from whioh to select, and his Barments are all made up in the most thorough and workman-like manner. His business is exclusively custom work, and bis specialty is in the manufacture of fashionable dress and business suits, at prices to suit the times. HcKenale A C«iiipbell» Harness, Saddles, Bridles, Blankets, etc, Main street. Portage La Prairie, Man.— This popular and prosperous house is the oldest and best equipped and most extensive establishment in this line in Western Manitoba, and its trade is fully commensurate with its age and capacity and the excellent reputation the goods have always maintained. The premises occupied are well arranged for the transaction of business, cen- trally located in the business portion of the city. The firm carry a full and complete line of harness, saddles, bridles, blankets, nuts, whips, etc. Mr. Campbell, the managing partner of the firm, is a man of vast practical experience and held in the highest estimation for the liberal system in which the business is conducted. Preat A Woolhonae, Books, Stationery, Fancy Gtoods, etc.. Main street, Portage La Prairie, Man.— Among the best known and most successful concerns en- gaged in the book and stationery line in the city, may be mentioned the popular and enterprising establishment of Prest and Woolhouse, which, though established only one year ago, when business in PorCago La Prairie was very much depressed, have succeeded ir building up a reputa- tion not often accorded those o' much longer standing. Their store occupies a splendid location, and i!< ad- mirable arranged for their constantly increasing business. They keep a most complete stock in all lines pertaining to the business. In books there are to be found all the works of the standard authors and the leading publica- tions of the principal publishers, while there is always on hand a large supply of school books, fancy goods, toys, etc. Mr. Prest is agent for the City of London Fire In- surance Co., Northwest Insurance Co., Quardian Insur- ance Co. of England, Citiiens' Insurance Co. of Ontario, and the Caledonian Insurance Co. of England. These are all first-class insurance companies, and have given entire satisfaction the world over, also the Manitoba and Norih- west Loan Co., and British Canadian Loan Co. Mr. Prest represents the Methodist Book Room of Toronto. C'hMrles arMban, Boots and Shoes, Saskatchewan avenue. Portage La Prairie, Man.— The boot and shoe trade of Portage ranks among its leading and most prom- inent industries, and in this country it is esse/itial that special attention be paid to the quality of foot-wear< I.t is therefore with pleasure that we draw the attention of the public where the beat quality of goods are sold and moat reasonable prices prevail. The business was originally started in 1S79 by Mr. Qraban, and must there- fore be reckoned aa one of the oldest established business houses in the city. Under Mr. Qraban'a able manage- ment, with the asaistanoe of his thorough experience in the trade, the busineaa prospered greatly and grew into- largo proportiona. Mr. Qraban deals in all kinds of baot» and shoes of the latest styles and best qualities and makes and of all prices, a specialty being made of J. D. King A Co.'s (Toronto) fine shoes. Having enjoyed a thorough practical experience in the boot and shoe business, Mr. Oraban possesses exceptional facilities, and is enabled to offer special advantages to customers which they can hardly obtain at any other establishment in the same line- in the city. Tonnv dc ITrqaluirt, Carriage Manufacturers and Blackamitha, Saskatchewan avenue. Portage La Prairie, Man.— Among the leading and most successful carriage, blacksmithing and horse-shoeing establishments in this section of the country is that of Young & Urquhart, This business was established by Mr. Toung in 1879 and carried on by him until the partnership was formed in 1885. Their shop is a substantiRlstructurci well arranged and equipped with all the modem improvements and necessary ma- chinery and tools, and all work is executed in the prompt- est and most satisfactory manner. Both gentlemen are expert practical mechanics, and give close personal super- vision to the execution of all orders* Carriages, wagons,, sleighs and cutters in any stale desired, on short notice. Both gentlemen are well known to the public as honorable and fair in all transactions, and well meriting the gratify- ing success whioh are attending their efforts, O. dc I>. CTsMSela, Bakers and Confectioners, Portage La Prairie, Man.— There are few establishments in a city of more importanee than those dealing in fresh fruits and fine confections. The store of Messrs. Q. ic D. Cassels is pre-eminently of this kind. They carry an ample stock > embracing every variety of choice confections and foreign domestic fruits, fresh and sound. They are also the largest and best bakers in the city, turning out the freshest and best made bread , cakes and confectionery. They have had rare opportunities for acquainting themselves with their trade and its requirements, having been engaged in the business for several years, and accustomed to catering for all ki.'^ds of people and all kinds of tastes ; they are well fitted to be good judges of what their custom requireSt. and the quality and condition of the goods they handle- Mr. D. Cassels manages the business here, while Mr> George Cassels has charge of the Brandon eatabliahment. n PS •«: b o r I If « I' •.ti*("i o ■r. IS air' m *>{ tt i I ■it r • I- •< a >' MANITOBA. 81 SI *>{ « > 9 > • I' t < i*>\ n\ I' I 82 THE NEW WEST. CARBERRY. Carberry boasts of being one of the most steady-going towns of Manitoba. Its growth, as the hare is reported to have said, is "slow but sure," and will always "win the day against speed and laziness." The town proper is situated midway be- tween Portage la Prairie and Brandon, on the main line of the 0. P. R., about 105 miles west of Winnipeg. The Church of England has a place of worship, and the Presbyterians have lately erected a new church and secured a very efficient pastor in the person of the Rev. David Anderson, a graduate of Manitoba College, and for some time a member of Knox College, Edinburgh, Scotland. The residents of Car- berry and the adjoining country also enjoy the blessing of a good school. The coun- try to the north, known as the Big Plains, needs noJ"gu8h" to recommend it Actions speak louder than words, and last year, half a million bushels of grain were marketed in Carberry, and this is a country where mixed farming prevails. Perhaps the secret of this success is that the settlers of ten years ago are the residents of to-day, people who take pride in their homes, and think that they at last have found the spot on earth "where mortals weep no more." The grist-mill is a great conve- nience to the farmer, and does a brisk business. This season already it has handled 223,700 bushels of grain. Its chief market is Winnipeg, bat during this year it has made shipments to Montreal, Victoria, B.C., Antwerp, London, Eng., Japan and China. There is a large sheep ranch in the vicinity, which is a very prosperous en- terprise. The cost of keeping the sheep during the winter has been veiy light, an3 a good price has been obtained for the lambs and rams from prospective sheep- raisers in other parts of the province. Driving is the chief pastime in the holiday season, and the dry, level, smooth road renders this a great pleasure. Carberry has five hundred inhabitants, and boasts of three general merchant stores, two good hotels, two hardware stores, one merchant tailor, one carriage manufactory, one jew- ellery store, two drug stores, one furniture store, one harness store, one boot and shoe store, one millinery, two butchera, two livery stables, one lumber-yard, three grain elevators, three churches (Methodist, Presbyterian and English), one flour-mill with 11 set of rollers, capacity 200 barrels per day. PROMINENT BUSINESS HOUSES OF CARBERRY. H. A. Heuderaon, Qeneral Merobant, Main atreet, <]arben7, Man.— Every buainesa venture that] evinces in iti conduotioD seauineienterpriae and.energy, is entitled to 'due consideration in a woric of this character.'^ A well located, well arranged general store is of especial invercwt to the people, inspiringithenii as it does,'with confidence that they will be famished with choice goods and fresh articles for family consumption. The establishment of M- A. Henderson is pre-eminently one of this class. This bnsiness was started in 1885, with ample capital, and the proprietor, being alive and energetic man, thoroughly ac- quainted with his business and its requirements, soon obtained a good paying and growing business. His loca- 'tion is one of the best in the town, and he baa for his customers the best class of citii ens. His basinesi is ouried on with untiring diligence and eicellent management. The stock is full and complete, embracing dry goods, clothing, boots and shoes, gents' furnishings, hati and caps, crockery and glassware, and the freshest and ohoioeit quality of groceries to be found in the market ; hi* prices are as reason&ble as any flrst-olassl establishment in the town, and he is always prepared to fill any order from the town or country. Mr. Henderson is well known as a busi- ness man, and enjoys a high reputation as a straight- forward and honorable dealer, and to this fact is due the flourishing trade be has built up. H. Dle«le« Notary Public, Conveyancer, Insurance, OARBEBBT. 83 Lttan and Real EiUte Office, Carberryt Man.— Among the l>Mt known and popular firms engaged In tbil line in the town, may be mentioned that of N. Oiokie, iniuranoe, loan and real eitate offloea, than whom no one in Carberry has be^n more fortunate in eitabllsbing and maintaining a high reputation for upright and honorable dealing, and few enJoy a larger meaaure of public favor, well ileierved. Tbii buii.nesa was eacabiiihed aeveral yean ago and ha« grown into large proportiona. Mr. Dickie repre- «enta the following companieai via. : Tniat and Loan Co-, London and Ontario Loan Co., Manitoba Mortgagj and InTeatment Co. , Credit Fonder Loan Co. and Commercial Union Fire Inaurance Co. There oompaniea are of the higheat reputation and aoiidity, being among the most fubatantiai oompaniea repreaented in tbia country. Theae are oompaniea which hare atood the teat uf time and are too widely known in the oommeroial world to need de- «cription her«. Mr. Diokie'a faoilitiea for traniaoting busineaa are of an unnanally oomplete character, enabling him to offer special adrantagee to patronu. He alao tran- sacts a general real estate business and negotiates loans. The close attention devoted to the interests of all persons 'entrusting businesi to his oharge, his strict integritr and honorable methods, and the uniform aatisfaotion rendered to his patrons, has enabled Mr. Dickie to build up the large and prosperous patronage he now enjoys. Dnffisrln Hooa*, A. MoKeniie, Proprietor. Carburry, Man.— The Dufferin House Is conveniently located, corner of Main and Railway streets, in olose proximity to the railway station and within a minutes walk of any of the leading bualnea housea of the town. It ia a fine two atorey building and constructed with an eye to outward appear- ances M well as inner comforts. On the street floor are located the office, dining-room, bar and sample rooms, on the second floor are the parlors and sixteen handsomely furnished sleo|>inR rooma. The house ia furniahed through- uut evidently with only a desire to aeoure the comforts of the guests. The present proprietor of the Dufferin knows well how to cater for the wants of the tra elling publiOi and has already made a good record in his present house. He aims to make his hotel a home for guests, and as a family house it is probably unsurpassed by any in this section of theountry. There is also a good livery and feed stable in oonnect'ion with this house, where a turnout can be had any time at moderate rates. 51' ALONG THE M. & N.-W. RAILWAY. * The Manitoba & Northwestern Railway, starting at Portage la Prairie and run- ning north-west, passes through a varied and extremely fertile country. This road has a large and fast increasing traffic, and is now becoming widely known as a well- managed and paying line, running through a country exceedingly rich in varied pro- ducts. Its chief stockholders are the Messrs. Allan, of the familiar steamship line, Mr. Andrew Allan being president, Mr. F. H. Brydgos, of Winnipeg, vice-president; Ml*. W. R. Baker, of Portage la Prairie, General Superintendent; and Mr. A. P. Eden, Land Commissioner, Winnipeg. Westerners know these gentlemen as active workers for their own and country's interests, attentive to its wants and those of the people settTing along the line, and whose welfare is made a personal matter. This line forms the band and buckle of the Fertile Belt, crossing it from south-east to north-west, anu though at present its eastern connection is with the C. P. R., yet it is destined for wide life. Its present length with branches is over two hundred miles, and it is now stretching out its western end for the Prince Albert country and the Saskat* chewan Valley. The stations and distances from Winni )eg are here given : — Portage la Pi'airie, •66 miles ; Macdonald, 66 j.Westbourne. 73; Woodside, 83 ; Gladstone, 91 ; Midway, 99; Arden, 108; Neepawn, lit; Bridge Creek, 126; Minnedosa, 135; Rapid City (via S. & W.), 160 ; Basswood, 145 ; Newdale, 153 ; Straithclair, 162 ; Shoal Lake, ITl; Kelloe, 119; Solsgirth, 186; Birtle, 195; Fox Warren, 202; Binscarth, 212 ; Russell (on branch line), 223 ; Harrowby, 225 ; Langenburg, 237. After leaving Portage la Praii"ie, the railway runs through Westbourne, Wood- side and Gladstone. The district is well settled, but a great deal of good land is still open for homesteading. Lake Manitoba forms the eastern boundary, and in this lake, fish are very plentiful and the fish industry has now assumed large pro- portions, but as yet only partially developed, there being now ten main fishing stations. At the south end, pike and pickerel are the most plentiful varieties, while m w 84 THE NEW WEST. at Faiiford and the narrowi, white-flBh entirely are caught, and at Lake St. Martin* one of the finest whitefish spawning beds is found, the whiteflsh ft-om Lalce Winnipeg ascending the Little Saslcatohewan for that purpose. There are two other ir^portant spawning grounds, viz., at Water Hen Lalce and Swan Lake, inlets of Winnipegoosis. The opening of the Manitoba & Northwestern railway with proper protection to the fishing industry will give a fi-esh impetus, and lift it to one of our most important resources. There are about a dozen principal traders in the business in this district, employing about 100 boats, and about 1,200 gill nets, the whole worth about $26,* 000, the catch last year amounting to about 900,000 pounds. The town of Gladstone is a place of some importance, with a population of 300. It supports a newspaper, the Gladstone Age. It has English, Preebyteri i I » 'I » " • I' <\ /f-^E^' ALONG THE M. tc N.-W. RAILWAY. 86 The next station is Minnedosa, called "the Beautiful," from its charming situa- tion. It is situated in the valley of the Little Saskatchewan, and presents a most picturesque appearance to the approaching traveller as the train winds down the hill- side. This is the county town, has about 800 population, has two saw mills, one flour mill, with a CPipacity of 100 barrels per day (Hungarian roller process) ; Episcopal, Presbyterian and Methodist churches and public school, two elevators, with a capa- city of 80,000 bushels ; telegraph and post office. The Minnedosa Tribune is pub- lished every week. The town is well supplied with butchera, bakers and general stores, and a brewery. The Dominion Lands Office fur the Little Saskatchewan District is stationed here, and the Government have erected an ipimigrant house. The Saskatchewan & Western Eailway starts from this point, and runs to Bapid City. Minnedosa was the terminal p6int of the Manitoba & Northwestern Bailway during the winter of 1884-85, and derived great benefit from that circumstance, taking away a considerable share of the trade of the northwest portion of the pro- vince, which had previously gone to Brandon on the Canadian Pacific Bailway. It was also the chief supply d^p6t, for a long time aftei-wards, while the railway was being constructed westwai'd. The town, unfortunately, bonused the railway beyond a proper figure, and, as a consequence, has been somewhat crippled since. An inves- tigation is shortly to be held in regard to its financial position. The inhabitants ai-e, however, a pushing and go-ahead people, and will doubtless come out all right. The country surrounding the town is equally well adapted for mixed husbandry or for grain-raising, and offers good inducements to settlers. Minnedosa is one of the most important towns west of Portage la Prairie, and its relative importance will probably remain as a possession, for it has advantages which will cause it to go on prospering with the filling up of the country around. Clanwilliam is situated abuuL five miles from Minnedosa, noi*tb of the railway. The region is well watered and well wooded, and the southern portion is well settled. The northern is being rapidly settled by Scandinavians. The road to the Lake Dauphin countiy passes through the centre of the municipality. At Scandinavia, there is a saw mill which is turning out good lumber. There are three post offices and three school houses in the municipality, and a Presbyterian chui'ch and English church. Petroleum has recently been bored for and found in the Lake Dauphin district, and promisen to be very valuable. The country is generally well drained, naturally, by shallow coulees or depressions, and one feature is the number of living springs of good water. Otter lake is quite a water 8tretch,and receives the Boiling Biver. Leaving Minnedoisa and going down on the Saskatchewan and Western Bailway Bapid City is reached. It is a town of about 500 people, and has a good school, several stores and hotels, and is a good market for grain. There is a first-class grist mill with elevator, a cheese factory and a woollen mill in the town. The newspapers are published weekly. This municipality contains five post offices and seven school houses, and is a well settled district. It is well known for its sheep-raising and grain-grovving qualities, and the land in this district will soon become valuable. The Little Saskatchewan Biver, flowing through it, has a rapid current and is well adapted for mill sites. Fish are plentiful in its watere. The valley of the river is about one mile in width, enclosed by hills neai-ly 100 feet high. The Saskatchewan & Western Bailways runs down the valley. The soil is largely a rich, black, sandy loam, ten to twenty inches deep, on clay subsoil. These lands will no doubt be much sought ■after. There are several small lakes, also two of considerable sizes. The country UK I t > * ■ c f 86 THE NEW WEST. M )! if f in If! -I •is y from Bapid City to Minnedosa is a succession of beautiful valleys and prairie open- ings, where many a comfortable home is seen and Eolston's Valley, about halfway, is a typical vale of charm and fertility. On the N. & N. W. beyond Minnedosa ai-e Newdale and Strathclair, each of them the centre of good agricultural disti-icts and doing quite a shipping trade. There are two general stores in each and fairly good hotels ; also a school house on each, in which religious services are held on Sundays. The character of the country is undulating prairie. At Strathclair there is a Hudson's Bay Company's post and a saw and grist mill. The Little Saskatchewan runs a short distance from the station. The Biding Mountains to the North take their rise fi-om the river and are heavily timbered. The hills rise from 150 to 200 feet. Shoal Lake is the next station. It is situated on the banks of a beautiful sheet of water and is a flourishing town. It has been completely built up since the advent of the railway, the old settlement of the name having been at the south end of the lake, and was in the early days th<) headquartera of a large detachment of mounted police. This place promises to become a favorite resort on account of boating, fish- ing, shooting, picturesque scenery and an atmosphere as healthy an any in the world. On the lake shore, about half a mile from the town, a cheese factory is situa- ted and is doing a good business. Shoal Lake has thi-ee general stores, one of which is the Hudson's Bay store, a tin and hardware establishment, a drug store, two black- smith shops, a pump factory, five hotels, a law office, two places of worship and a public school, an excellent and successful cheese factory, a wagon shop, three ma- chine agencies, two grain buyers, and a very fine roller-process flour mill of a capacity of one hundred and twenty-five bairels. The mill is at present so busy that it work eighteen hours a day. In connection with the mill there is an elevator of 20,000 bushels capacity. Beyond Shoal Lake is Eellse station, at which some shipping is done ; and further west, on the bank of the Bii-d Tail creek, is Solsgirth, a settlement of consider- able importance with two stores, two hotels, a public hall and sevei-al residences. The railway runs through the centre of Birtle municipality, a district long and favorably known. The town of Birtle is situated in the valley of the Bii-d Tail, and rivals Minnedosa in the beauty of the site. It was founded in 1879 by J. H. Wood, of Woodstock, Ont., and the town, as well as the surrounding district, is occupied largely by people from the counties of Oxford and Perth. Birtle is the county town for Shoal Lake and Buesell counties. Its population is about 500. It has seveial gen- eral stores, book and stationery store, two doctors, tin and hardware store, furniture shop, two bakeries, grist-mill, telegraph and express office, seveial hotels, livery stables, Episcopal, Presbyterian and Methodist churches, and a public school. The building for the latter is of stone and cost $8,000. The British Observer is published here weekly. The Dominion Lands office for the Birtle district is stationed here, and the Government has built an immigration house. This rising young town is nearly 200 miles north-west of Winnipeg. It lies in a beautiful valley sloping to the the Bird Tail, down which spruce and tamarac timber of excellent quality is floated from the Biding Mountains, thirty to forty miles distant. The chief dependence is agriculture, a district of from forty to sixty miles north and south being tributary to the town, and containing a thousand farmers or over. The river aflbrds several good water-powers, and the Birtle grist-mill is run by a foi-ty-horse power Lettel wheel, and works up about 350 bushels daily on three run of stones, being kept steadily busy, ALONG THE M. 6c N.-W. RAILWAY. 8Y and having a plentiful supply of wheat. There is also a saw, shingle and lath mill, with a daily cutting capacity of about 10,000 feet, used locally, and selling from |16 to $30 a thousand. The town has lately raised $10,000 for improvements. Town It has the county lots sell from $100 to $600 from 25 to 50 feet wide by 100 deep official buildings, and has four resident clergym n This municipality contains six post offices and nine school-houses, and is well settled. The Bird Tail Creek runs from north to soutn, and the distinct genera' V is well wooded and well watered. The fai-mers of the district will avei-age six years of settlement, and are chiefly engaged in mixed, faiming. They are of the best class are chiefly from Ontario, with a few English people, and a Scotch colony included! There are three large and fine farms, the Binscaith, the Sharman and Power each of 3,000 acres, and having large henls of pure bred splendid horned stock. The next district is Eussell, in the county of Eussell, with the ruilway through the south-east corner, the stations of Binscarth and Harrowby within its boundaries Prom Binscarth a branch line runs to Eussell, in the northern portion of the muni' oipality. Binscartti is a thriving village, and contains good stores, hotels, etc. school and post office. Binscarth farm is situated on Silver Creek, about four miles north of this village. Operations on the fai-m were practically commenced in 1883, and dui-ing that season some 500 acres were brought under cultivation, and the foUowbg buildings erected :— Bank barn, 50ft. by 260ft., standing on the edge of the valley and capable of accommodating over 200 head of cattle, besides storing 300 tons of hay and from 8,000 to 10,000 bushels of grain ; bank bam, 40 by 50 ; piggery 16 by 48; implement shed and sheep-house, 30 by 90; carpenter shop, 16 by 20; store- house, 14 by 18; blacksmith's shop, 16 by 20; store and hotel, one building, 40 by 60, with addition, 16 by 24 ; farm-house, 20 by 30; hall, 24 by 42, in which services are held on bundays. Eussell village is on the terminus of the branch i-ailroad fi-om Binscarth has good stores, hotel, school, etc., and is becoming a good maiket point for the sur- rounding country. Dr. Barnai-do's Home for Boys is about three miles west of this point. The Home is a training school for boys, where they will be taught farming in all its branches, and enabled to start making their own living. The boys are carefully selected and tested in England, and upon finishing their education in Mani- toba, will receive thirty acres of land, and thirty more if they deserve it. Fitting premises have been built, and a mr it capable manager chosen m Mr. A. E. Struthei-s formerly of the Canadian Pacific Railway. A cheese factory will tie eslablished, and it is in contemplation to build a cannery, to utilize the fruits which the country so freely produces. Other lads will go out as farm servants, if they like, or they will be free to take up a homestead of Government land. This new development of Dr. Barnardo's philanthropy appears to contain the elements of success, and certainly deserves to be well supported. Beyond Eussell, and oft' the line of railway, is Shellmouth, pleesantly and beau- tifully situated at the side of the river, in the valley of the AsHiniboine, where a swing bridge, costing over $13,000, crosses the river. The village possesses a store, school, hotels and post office, with mail communication twice each week. Groat numbers of cattle, horses and sheep are raised and grazed in the vicinity. Assessippi is very picturesquely situated in the valley of the Shell River, and enjoys unrivalled advantages in respect to water power, already utilized tor gristing and sawing pur- poses. The roller process flour mill has a capacity of 50 barrels daily. mi <■ mi* t/3 88 THE NEW WEST. I (> ■M ! I ill iiii II . i. V • The main line of the M. & N. W. R. proceed* westwai-d from Binscarth. Lan- genburg has for the past year or two been the western terminus of the road, but this year, about twenty miles of track are being laid beyond this station. At Langeuburg, a comfortable house for the free reception of immigrants has been erected by the railway company. There are good stores at this point, and the district is fast be- coming settled. The soil ranges from a dark loose loam to a light sandy one ; mixed farming can be cai-ried on protitably, pretty generally, grass and hay meadows being common and bearing rich varied grasses, much of it four and five feet high. In some places there are numbers of lai-ge stones of various sizes upon the lower lying lands. The timber is balm of gilead, poplar, oak, maple, birch, a few pines and large willow. Some of the trees are from twelve to eighteen inches diameter, and would supply good lumber, and there is also plenty of wood in most sections to fui'nish fencing and fuel. The continuation of the M. & N. W. Bailway will probably be from Langenburg to Yorkton, thence along the north branch of the White Land River, thence to the Fasquia Hills, and direct to Prince Albert. The country between Langenburg and Yorkton is slightly undulating and of generally good soil, well suited for gvain and cattle raising, and of pretty much the same character as that we have aire ' y passed over. Numerous bluffs of poplar and willow, and abundant ponds of wa vat ^ ihe scenery and afford shelter, feed, and fencing for the settler. Yorkton district extends from wnships 22 to 30, ranges 1 to 6 west of second initial meridian. The railway is projected to run through this district. It contains five post offices, and is being rapidly settled up, and is well watered by the White Sand River and tributaries, and Leach, Orescent and Devil's Lakes. It is well wooded, and the soil is of excellent quality. The Commercial colony is situated in townships 23 and 24, range 1, principally Scotchmen. The rest of the district is fairly settled by the York Farmers and Crescent Lake colonies. Yorkton village is situated on the White Sund River, section 13, township 26, range 4, and contains a grist mi!' store, hotel, etc. BRANDON. The province of Manitoba can boast of no more promising, or at present, thriving city than Brandon, which is one of the many wonderful creations growing out of the wondei'fully rapid development of the Canadian North-West. Brandon is the second largest city in Manitoba and is located on the main line of the C. P. R at the crossing of the Assiniboine, 132 miles west of Winnipeg, and though but a few years of age, is making gigantic strides in the direction of prosperity. It is a peculiarly favoui'ed district and the great number of settlera who homesteaded in the early days still occupy the land as early as 1879-80, Ontario and English immigrants poured in. The great fertility of the soil in the region upon which these pioneers settled speaks volumes for their intelligence, and leaves no doubt in the mind that they under- stood what farming meant ere they immigrated. The splendid farms and dwellings, good school houses and churches, give the country around the city a long settled appearance and their lands cannot be purchased for less than from $10 to $20 an acre. Out of one hundred townships lying adjacent to the city of Brandon, oontain- \\ I o D <. a. a, o o Mm U!l| !l|■•^ I: i ^" ''^^^^l^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ll '^ ^^P^^^^^^^^^^^^^l • v! o < V. -< O ^ if ^ ▲Je«^ g ¥ , . JP^lif^^^^^B M ^B^B^ r C^^^^^^^^EaMM^^fiMHyBBMlSfl^HB 7^ ' "^ ^^!nH^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H m/^^ - ' M - ■i*^ . am ■ ■ ^§^ 1^^^^^ / ' i^i^^H .^ Immt : Ell . ..u-f: * . ^ . V. o y. o rs-J B! I' if 4 riuiDiurs OK I'lm.i) and owtiahd. If ■M lif !f ..»;« I o fa I BRANDON. 89 MAflONlO HALL, BRANDON. ""if fro' Hit/ I -■.» r SB! I »!f j ♦Jil Hi tit Hi vi u; vo THR NEW WEST. I'i i ing nearly 280,000 acres, or ivljout 33 per cent of that area of land was under cultiva- tion during laHt season, and the quantity of cultivated land has been largely increosod this year. Brandon also possesses a largo grain storogo capacity, the different mills elevators, and warehouses with a capacity of over 200,000 buwhels. The gi-aln market presents juHt after harvest a very animated scene and there is great competition in the purchase and nalo of the products of the soil, the different dealers throughout the j)rovince beving represented. The citizens of Brandon take a vast amount of pride in their fine city, and are more than confident of its Aitnre, relying on the un- rivalled position, superior advantages and steady growth of the place in eveiy direc- tion and line of business. Another great advantage to the city and its surroundings is the fact that the Provincial Experimental Farm is situated just north of the river, being selected by Prof. Saundore, (if Ottawa, aa the most eligible in the province. This iH evidence beyond dispute that nature has done her share to make Brandon the home of a prosperous and contented community. The chief requisite in such a site was a diversity of H '1 and other producing capabilities that every possible product of the province ma> be tested to the best advantage and that the Brandon saction has these in such a marked degree is the best assurance an intending settler can expect to have in seeking for himself a future home. Besides knowing in locating in this vicinity that this section has these advantages, he is also assured he can at leisure have ocular demonstration of how succe8Bf\il farming is accomplished, by watching tl.e result of experiments on the Provincial farm, and this without any expense in travelling, and the information that can be thus easily obtained must in the future bo greatly advantageous to him. Another advantage which Brandon possesses is its extensive transport facilities, and the assurance that these will be very largely augmented in the near ftiture. Here is soil of the richest kind, producing in more than abundance, crops of every kind, well watered, and close to a market; good roads, and, in fact, every thing to make a desirable location for the largely over-populated oountries of the world, and those who wish to go into stock-niising, should visit this flection and see some of the mammoth stock farms of the best blooded cattle, nnd be convinced that the Brandon situation has no equal in this whole region. For dairying, it is also unsurpassed, and here capitalistb can find profitable investment for money. Brandon takes a live interest in its public schools, and is determined to be second to no ( ity in the province in the matter of education. There are five primary schools, and a collegiate department doing work of a higher kind, including the preparation of stud ents for matriculation in Arts and Medicine and for the passing of Teachers' Examinations. Though at present the school building is not such as might be 'desired, steps are being taken to secure ample and proper accommodation for all the rpupils. V resident inspector has lately been appointed, and this will tend to secure •even better results than in the past. Brandon is also possessed of a fine convent, the teaching in which is highly commended by the citizens. Brandon is the seat of Justice for the western judicial district. The court houne and gaol are situated on a beautiful spot a short distance from the business portion of the citj. These institu- tions are the best managed and neatest of the kind to be found in the province. Fortunately, crime is not veiy prevalent in the district, and the capacity of the gaol is never overtaxed. Criminal and civil assizes are held twice a year, in March and October, presided over by one of the judges of the Court of Queen's Bench. The «ounty judge is Hon. D. M. Walker, who is resident in the city. The legal and BRANDON. 91 tnedioal profeNHionH are well repi-oHented hero by men of more than ordinary ability. A recent return of the census (commissioner shows the population to be slightly over 3000. The civic oflBcials are : — Mayor : A. C. Fniser. Aldermon : A. Kelly and James Russell, Ward 1 ; T. T. Atkinson and T, Kelly, Wai-d 2 ; N. J. Halpin and D. McKelvie, Wai-d 3 ; Jamos Paisley and G. R. Caldwell, Wai-d 4. City Clerk : John C. Kean. Treasurer: D. M. McMillen. Chief of Police: P. C. Duncan. Brandon has a board of trade, which holds monthly meetings. The executive is — President: J. C. Robinson. Vice-President : B. B. Smith. Secretary-Treasurer : C. A. lArkin. In 1887, 876,000 buHhels of wheat were marketed, bosidei^ a very large quantity of oats, burley, flax, etc.; and the present year's crop is now, beyond all question, sure to be incomparably heavier than that of the pi'ovious year, as well as being of a auperi'"" grade. It is also estimated that at least 660,000 bushels of 1887 wheat was not sold, which speaks volumes for the success which has attended the labors of the farmers, they being in such a good financial position as to be able to carry this amount over for a year. Among the business institutions of the city may be men- tioned the following: — One flour and oatmeal mill, which was built in 1881, and has flour capacity of 160 barrels per day and fifty baiTols of oatmeal (this institution possesses all the latest improvements in machinery for the performance of the work which it does, in the shape of steam power, roller process, etc., and is kept running constantly night and day) ; one machine shop, one planing mill, one brewing manu- factory of ales and porter, two wholesale grocery houses, two banks, four large gi^in elevators ; good hotels ; eleven general stores and diy-goods, eight grocery stores, four stove and tinware stores, three hai-dware stores, five lumber yards, three mer- chant tailors, two carriage and blacksmith shops, six livery, sale and boarding stables, five restaurants, one stationery store, two jewelry stores, two furniture stores, three wholesale liquor stores, three boot and shoe stores, three' dnig stores, two harness stores, three mrllinery stores, two pump manufactories, three flour and feed stores, two photographic t'tudios. two paint and decorative stores ; coal and wood yards ; one pork-packing establishment, three butcher shops, one employment bureau, three nevvspapers — Sun, Times, and Mail. There are also a number of real estate offices, which report business very brisk, many sales having been made during the present season of fai-m properties. Brandon is also to be the terminus of the Northwest Central Railway, which is to run through many hundred miles of the best portions of the Northwest Territories, — and in opening up, as it will, this vast agi-icnltural oountry, the results must be beneficial to this point, and already good results are being felt in a very tangible form. Hi'' '111 THK NKV WK8T. PROMINENT BUSINESS HOUSES OF BRANDON. itr ? '" Nomervilitt * COm Dry (ioodi, Clothlni, (ieiit'a Fur- nixliiniiii, etc., and Fur Ooutli, Kuucr Ave., betweon Ninth and Tenth Slreoln, Brandon, Man.— The popular oitabliah- Djvnl of 8< mervlllo A Co. ranki amoni the lending enter pri ul the kind In the entire city, and merlti liberal mention in (hia work. No houie In any part of theoity offcra greater inducemonta to'the purchaaen thanlthia, and no catablifhrnenl in llrandon la more widely known or!en- Joya a better trade. The popularity of theiflrm ii due to the liberiil pnlioy nnd'prompt bualneaa bablta of the pro- prietors, and the oourtecua and cordial manner ln>bioh every one viaiting their atore la feated by themielvei and their employeta, iia well aa the general exoellencoof their (took nnd the complete and choice aaaonment that ia'at all timet diaplnyed, and the low and popular prioea at which their gooda are Hold- The houie waa eatabliahed in IW>, and with their energy, enterpriae and active buainea* bnliita haa largely InoreHsed. They occupy a large and well-appointed store, divided and nrrangedl in de- parimcnta to rnoilitnte the tranaaction of buaineaa.' It ia aupplied with a carefully selected stock of drj- gooda, em- bnicing drcsx gonds, linens, eilks, hoaicry, notions and fancy goodie uf iJI descriptions, clothing and gont'a fumiah- ings. There i.H nlsn a dreas and innntlo making department in connection witn tbia store, where the ladies can get the hileat Hlyles nnd most perfect flts. Mr. J, T. Bonierville is honoriible, lil)criil and fair in all transactions, and well deserving of the success he has achieved, Ro»« A COm Druggists and Chcmista, Rosse' Ave., betwen Ninth and Tenth Stieots, lirandon, Man.— In the whole lifit of occupations and trades in Manitoba, there is no more useful or important one tlian that of the pharma- cist and chemirt. Among the representative business flrmn of this city who cnrc" on this enterprise creditably, and | discharge their duties with satisfaction to the triido and public, a |iromii.'!nt one if that of Kose Jc Co., whose store is located on Kosser Avenue, between Ninth and Tenth Streets. This hous- waa founded in 1'81 by the present manager, Wm. M. Kose, who ia thoroughly conversant with , every detail of the business, and has obtained a liberal and influential patronage. As phurmncist and chemist he ; curries on an extensive business. The store ia titled up in an admirable manner and elegant style. His stock is varied nnd extensive, and comprises all the hinhest grades i of the various goodn incidental lo the proper transaction of this important business. A full and complete lino of patent medicines is always kept in stock, also a line and varied assortment of perfumes and fancy articles can always be found here. Mr. Kose is a gentleman of strict integrity, and highly esteemed and respected by all whe know him. E. R. Storjr, Stoves and Tinware, Rosaer Ave., be- tween Tenth and Eleventh Streets, Brandon, Man.— This well, widely, and most favorably known house has been an important factor in the hardware trade of the city for the laat four yoara, having started in IHAt with moderate capital, but which has since gradually and steadily in- creased until hia atirak and annual buaineaa ia of large pro- portiona. There is probably no man in the city who ao thoroughly understands the retail trade of this aeotlnn aa Mr. Story. Wo know that none enjoy a larger portion of it than do«a this gentleman. In hia atore-rooui will b« found a full and complete stock of atovea, ranges, heatera, tin and copper ware of all descrlptiona. Mr. Story makai aapeoialtyof repair work; none but lint olars workmen are employed. Buying and selling for cosh, he ii prepared to compete with any similar establiahment here or else- where. Tho trikde, moat of which ia local, ho haa held ainoe he commenood buaineaa, and many of his patrona who aought hia oatahliahment when he opened hia flrat stock years ago, can still be found trading with him to-duy. He poaaoaaea not only the confldenco of our busineai men, but also that of hiacuatomers, to which may in fact be ascribixl hli aucoeaa. Mr. Story nnikos u specialty of putting in heaters and furnaces for heating buildings with hot air or ateam, also ventilators. amnd View Holel, A. V. Boisaeau, Proprietor, Brandon, Man.— This is (me of tho leadlug hotels in Mani- toba, in all that pertains to a strictly flrat-class house. Gonatruc'od within the past tow years— being built in 1882 —it has achieved a position in thi' consideration of the public that ranks it eiiual to any oonti^nporanoous estab- lishment in Canada, reflecting credit npiin the enterprise that deyignod it and the ability that conducts it. The house wail opened on New Year's day, 1883, by thu present proprietor, and since that time has been universally re- garded, not only lu) the most pleaaant 'and convenient resort for the travelling public, but as one of tho moat home-like uud comfortable hotels in tho Northwest. In everything that poriains to tho comfort and well-being of its guests, this house is unequalled. In tho matter of sumptuous, elegant furniture, boating nnd ventilating arrangements, spacious ordinaries, airy hallways, prompt and polite attention, with confessedly the best ni«nu in thil section, the popularity and reputation of the Grand View, in the light of those advantages, is not surprising. The building fronts on both Pnciflc avenue and 9th street, directly opposite the C.P.R. Depot ; three storioH in height and contains thirty steeping apartments, with spacious anil elegant parlors, all handsomely furnished, a large dining-room f urnixhed in the most tasteful and appropriate manner. A billiard parlor and a flrst-class bar are con- nected with the house, also good sample rooms for the accommodation of commercial travellers. The rates are from $2 to $3 per day, according to location of room. Special rates are made to troupes and large parties. Mr. Boisscau, tho proprietor, is well known oa one of the moat successful and efficient hotel managers in the country, combining in himself qualities that have made him a favorite with the travelling public ; widely known and esteemed, not only as being connected with this hotel linoe BRANDON. It* optninf, bnt n\$o hi* Ibnetr •ngaffaiiient with the RuMall Hoimo'ur OtUw»,whcra be hitltl forth fnr cUren yean prior ti) hia remoT*! to Hmndon. Tbs Dmnd View li uffloarad, from hoit dnwn, by ai>ii>l;oo teas, coffees, sugars, apioes, canned goods, ijcnp, coal oil, and a hundred other articles suited tobou:ias.nd tab'n, nlsoa fine and selected assort- ment of boots one) ahoea in stock, and all goods can be purchased on reosonablo terms. The premises oooupied are large and (m'jamov.Iiou8, and it will be found a pleasant and profitable traUtng place. He deals wholesale and re- tail in groceries and pTOviaionu, and being a direct im- porter, is able to ofler upeoial advantages to customers The business was established in 1887 by the present pro- prietor- It is the at 11 of Mr. McKelvie to sell good articles at the lowest possible prices, and for cosh only. His trade is of the better class and is steadily undergoing a gratifying increase. Mr. McKelvie is an energetic and ;;..» k < *.;5 •It) 94 THE NEW WEST. reliable buiineM man, thoroughly oonvenant with the buaineM in which he is encaged. r III? E T. E. Kelly, Liveryi Feed and Sale Stable, 0th street, Brandon, Man.— If there is one thing for which Brandon ia noted more than another, it is the number and ezeellenoe of the livery stables of the city. It is always remarked by strangers that Brandon hns, in proportion tu its sise, a greater number of speedy horses than any other city in theI>ominion,and the excellence of the animals kept at the liveries has been the subl'eot of favorable comment. One of the largest livery stables in Manitoba is that con- ducted ^y Mr. T. E. Kelly, of this place. It is a most complete establishment in every p' rtieular, and will rank among the best' of the kind in the Dominion. TheSmain building is 48x100 feet and the annex is 40xfi0 feet in site, and affords ample accommodation for 100 head of Ihorses. Mr. Kelly transacts a general liverv, feed andi sale bttsinesst and has a large and profltable.trade. Helcan famish as fine a turnout as can be procured in the city. His assortment of buggies, phaetons, landaus, coaches, etc., affords the greatest choice in the selection, while for the winter season he has an almort endless array] of cutters, sleighs and a handsome IcoUeotion of robes. Mr. Kelly established this business in 1882, and from the very start it has been successful. Mr- Kelly is highly esteemed and respected for his sterling integrity and straightforward system of honorable dealing. Dlcklnaon * Hnriy, Groceries, Provisions, Crockery, etc., Rosser avenue, between 9th and 10 streets, Brandon, Man.— Among the numerous retail grocery establishmentslof the city, no one has more rapidly sprung into popular favor than the grocery house of Dickinson & Murry. That it is an iL.jtitution wHich has filled a long felt want in this city has been evidenced during its career since its inception, 1886. Success has attendedlit from the very start, and its lousiness is now of large proportions and oonstantly increasing. Messrs. Dickinson and Murry have been residents of Brandon for the past five years, and have during that time made a host of friends and acqaaintanoes in the city and surrounding country who largely patronise their establishment. The firm's long ex- perience in the grocery business enables them to offer special advantages to oustomen, as they know where to buy the best goods at the lowest rates, and are thus able to give their patrons the benefit of their experience. They also make a specialty of keeping only the best qualities and freshest lines of goods in stock, while they also import the best makes of canned goods, biscuits, also teas, coffees, spices, etc, aed a fine assorted stock of crockery, glassware, etc. Mr. John Dickinson originally started business here in 1881, being one of the pioreor merchants of Brandon. Tom Bootlit Restaurant, Confectionery and Tobaccos, Rosser avenue, between 9th and lOthi streets, Brandon, Man.— One of the oldest established restaurants', inlthe city is that kept by Mr. Tom Booth on Rosser avenue. Mr. Boolh has been in business here since 1886. When he began business his capital was small, but by careful atten- tion to business, and having thorough knowledge of how to run a restaurant, he has prospered rapidly, and bis business has grown with the development and advance of the city. Success in this line of trade can only be gained by those who properly! understand its many dttails, and the result is that Mr. Booth's establishment remains solid, prosperous and popular. Ue deals extensively in confectionery, and has always in stock everything in that line, from the common kind of candy to the choicest delicacies manufactured. Mr. Booth has gained a reputa- tion for the fine quality aad pureness of the confections which he sells. He also deals in cigars, tobaoeos and smokers' articles. Pertonally, Mr. Booth is very popular in the community. Smttli A Barton, Wholesale ( oceries, 8th Street, Brandon, Man.— If any evidence were wanting in this progressive age of what can be accomplished by busines energy, ability and application, supplemented by leal and integrity, they surely could be brought forward in this enterprising, active city in numbers. A clear and well established exumple of this is afforded by the history of this widely an a favorably known house, which has become- one of the business landmarks of the city. They carry a very large and complete stock of choice family grooerieSr coHees, teas, sugars, syrups, spices, fish, soaps, fruits, woodenware, canned goods, goods in glass, cigars, tobac- cos, pipes, etc., — in fact, every article usually found in a first-class, well regulated establishment of this descrip- tion. The extensive building occupied by them is a hive of industry and activity. All of the business operations of this house are under the direct supervision of the pro- prietors, enabling them to guarantee the pupty and good quality of all the goods they put on the market, and has giren their goods a reputation second to none. The greatest care and attention is bestowed on every depart- ment, making their house one of the most prominent of our flourishing business houses. Their trade is both -^al and extends in every direction from the city within a radi\is of several hundred miles. Messrs. B. B. Smith and John Burton are both old and experienced grocery men. Mr. iSmith attends to the house and Mr. Burton does the travelling. The members of this enterprising house are active, energetic business men, who have achieved by merii: and square dealing the highest position for mercan- tile integrity and intelligence, and are worthy represen- tatives of the commercial interests of Manitoba. SisalUi A Wtader, Brandon Employment Ageuoy and Commission Agents, Rosser Avenue, between 10th and 11th streets, Brandon, Man.— These gentlemen have been established in their present line of business only one year, but through their energetic and able management, and the exercise of a strict integrity in all their dealings, they have built up a fine business and won the substantial re- gard of a large and extensive patronage. They do a general employment business as well as a general com- mission business, and they enjoy a lucrative and desirable business with the surrounding districts and the whole Northwest. During their location in this city they have won the highest esteem of commercial circles and are generally regarded as one of Brandon's leading and repre- sentative business firms. We understand this firm have already established an oflSce in London, England, for the sale of improved farnas, and have every confidence in the venture, realising as they do the fact that settlers coming out would rather invest a few hundred dollars in a farm which will at once return means of a livelihood, than do tho bomesteading duties. W H. Hooper, Qroceries, Provisions, Crockery, Olassware, etc., corner Rosser Avenue and lOtb street, Brandon, Man.— This enterprising caterer to the houaei and tables of families of this city, is entitled to worthj f 9 m BRANDON. m mention among the best olan of vrooeiy houies and the general buiineu of Biandon. Starting in 1883, he ii one of our old pioneer merobants of thii seotion. His store will be found stocked at all times with the very best grades of family groceries, staple and fanoy, of every descrip- tion— flour, oofleos, teas, sugars, syrups, canned goods, and in snort, every article or class of goods pertaining to a flnt-elair family grocery and provision store, all unde- niably of the very best quality, pure and fresh. Popular and reliable, both as a private gentleman and a business man, no better verification of the fact can be adduced when we state that Mr. Hooper has customers who have dealt with him right strait along for years. Well and favorably known in commercial circles, he commands the respect and confidence of all with whom he has dealings- Mr. Hooper is owner of one of the finest farms in the country, embracing 800 acres, crop of 1887, 8,000 bushels of grain, about 35 bushels to the acre. He is also pro- prietor of the largest vegetable cellars in Brandon. 4(nccii's Hotel, Robert J. Dickinson, Proprietor, comer Rosser avenue and 10th stteet, Brandon, Man. — Among the popular and comfortable hotels of Brandon must be mentioned the Queen's Hotel, which is situated on Rosser avenue, corner of 10th street. This house is at present under the proprietorship of Mr. Robert Dickson, who took possession of it in 1887, and has since run it in flrst-olHSS style, securing a large and profitable patronage. It has been regarded as not only the most pleasant and convenient resort for the classes of the public, but as one of the most homelike and comfortable public houses in Brandon. Locatedin thecentreof the business portion of the city, the site is most advantageous for travellers and others, and the general accommodation, attendance, fur- nishingi ventilation, bar, and [menu, are all that can be desired, the charges at the same time being extremely moderate. The house contains fifteen sleeping rooms, which are neatly and comfortably furnished. The bar is stacked with the best wines, liquors and cigars. Mr. Dickinson is thoroughly versed in the management of hotels, and the success of the Queen's is the natural result otlbis enterprise and energy. O. H. GUctartet, Merchant Tailor, Rosser avenue, between 8tb and 9th streets, Brandon, Man.— With many years' experience in the merchant tailoring business, Mr. Gilchrist possesses'many advantages which cannot faillto commend this establishment I to favorable notice. H^ started businci^s here in 1<82, and has, with the aid of a thorough knowledge of the i business, backed up with energy, push and enterpriso, largely increased his re- sources and secured a good and prosperous trade, which is rapidly increasing irom time [to time. He is now pre- pared to turn out work unsurpassed by any other talLring etablishment in the country, and at most reasonable prices. Mr. Gilchrist h -.s a large and varied stock, com- prising a fine and Judiciously! selected lassortment of foreign and domestic fabrics, for gentlemen's ware, from which oustomen may select any pattern or style to suit their different tastes. Mr. Gilchrist is highly esteemed by his fellow-citiiens for his honorable dealings and sterling integrity. He also has ,in connection 'with his tailoring establishment a large and well selected assortment of SCO. Hnmw, Stoves and ^nnware. Rosser avenue^ between 6th and 7(h streets, Brandon, Man.— At the begin- ning his capital was moderate, but by good judgment) push and enterprise, coupled with a thorough and prac- tical knowledge of the business, it has been very largely increased, and at the present time, Mr. Munro's„trade bas reached very respectable proportions. His premises ar» very large and commodious, and well adapted to properly display the fine stock of goods which is carried. In this establishment will be found a full and complete stock of cooking, parlor and ofiSoe stoves, grate fronts, range;), hollow-Ware and house-furnishing goods, in^great vuriety, and be manufactures every description of tinware, making a specialty of job-work, tin-roofing, conductors and gutters. A specialty is also made by this house of cheese factory furnishings, in which, owing to the large number of factories being started in the province, a large business is being done. Mr. Munro, since coming to this city (1881), has been known as an active and enterprising business man. Mr. Munro also has a branch establishment at Souris Plum Creek. Smart, Stewurt A Co^ Wholesale Groceries, Ros- ser Avenue, comer 6th street, Brandon, Man. — Brandon ir her great devotion to manufacturing enterprises, has not, as it might be thought, neglected her mercantile or commercial opportunities. If this were true of some branches of trade, it certainly is not so for her wholesale grocery establishments, as may be inferred by reference to the notices of her leading representative houses and the statistics furnished relative to their importance and extensive trade in other portions of this work. Possess- ing almost unexampled facilities in her geograpMcal posi- tion and means of transportation, as well as in the enter- prise and high standing of her leading merchants in this line, Brandon can to-day furnish the staple articles in groceries at prices that will successfully coiipete with eastern dealers and effect a great saving in freight to retailers throughout Manitoba and Northwest Territories. Especially prominent among the houses engaged in (he wholesale grocery trade of Manitoba, may be mentioned that of Smart, Stewart & Co. Their prerent quarters have been fitted up expressly for this firm and tb.ir conve- niences. They carry a full and complete stock of grooeries, and they are able to hold out special inducements to buyers. The members of the firm are James A. Smart and D. G. Stewart, gentlemen who have been identified with Brandon's mercantile interests sin e its inception. This firm occupies a high position in the trade, and to an unusual degree commands the respect of the trade through- out the western district of Manitoba. E. J. BarolMj't Lumber and Fire Insurance, Pacific Avenue, Brandon, Man. — Few departments of commer- cial activity have attained greater proportions during recent years than the lumber trade, and the high stand- ing of the leading houses engaged in it is the best evidence of its prosperity. Among the enterprising and popular firms in this line of business, is that of E. J. Barclay, wholesale and retail dealer in lumber, laths, shingles, etc. He has been established since 1885, and has already built up a Icrge and permanent patronage. His yard is eligibly located, and equipped with every facility and convenience. •if' ; :r gents' fumishhgs, embracing, hau, csps. ties, collars, j The ^tock carried i^^very.x^^^^^^^^^^ handkerchiefs (silk and linen^ hosiery, efc. ; also, a heavy stock of fur goods always on hand. a fine assortment of lumber, laths and shingles, etc. He re- ceives his supplies direct from the great producing een- ID '»1 mil » ( . \ 1 i i » * ii ■;' f i 96 THE NEW WEST. tres, and is prepared to fill all orders in the promptest and most satUfaotory manner, and at lowest market prices. Mr. Barclay does a general fire insurance business, repre- «ntinBthefollowingoompanies, vii. : Western of Toronto, National of Ireland, Royal Canadian, Citiiens of Montreal and the London Fire Association, all good and first-class -oompanies. Mr. Barclay is an energetic, clear-headed business maa, honorable and fair in all transactions, and welldeserriDg of the success he has achieved. E. I.. Cbrtatle. Books, Stationery. Fancy Ooods, etc. Biosser Avenue, between 8th and 9th streets, Brandon, Man.— Few business houses in Brandon are more widely known than that of E. L. Christie, which, although estab- lished only three years ago, has already succeeded in building up a reputation not often accorded those of icuch longer standing. The well arranged premises occupy one of the best locations in the city, while the stock carried would be a credit to any city in the country. Both the ancient authors and modern standard works can be had here, blank books of all sites, from the breast-pocket memorandum to the most ponderous ledger, desk and other stationery, paper of all kinds and sites. enveIopes,eto. He also keeps in stock a large and fine assortment of wall paper, baby carriages, sporting goods, fancy goods of all descriptions, toy<, etc. Popular prices prevail, and prompt and polite attention is always received. Beliable and uni- formly prompt and obliging, he has managed with consum- mate prudence and ability his constantly increasing trade, and the esteem of the entire community has attended the efforts of the proprietor in his laudable and prosperous enterprise. P.E. Darat* Jeweller, Rosser avenue, between 8th and 9th streets, Brandon, Man.— Prominent among the leading and most thoroughly reliable business houses is that of P. E. Durst, diamond setter and jeweller, Rosser avenue. He has been established seven years and already has built up a large and permanent trade throughout the Northwest. The premises occupied are very large and eommodious (one of the finest blocks in the oity, buiit in 1834, and owned by Mr. Ourst), admirably arranged and equipped with every appliance and facility for the trans- action of business. He carries a large and valuable stock of diamonds, gold and silver watches, clocks, jewellery, silver and plated ware, etc. His facilities enable him to offer special advantages to customers, and to execute all orders in the promptest and most satisfactory manner. Mr. Durst is widely known in trade circles as an honor- Able, liberal and conscientious business man. He is deservedly popular, and is achieving a well-merited success. Brock *0o^ Photographers, Rosser avenue, between 7th and Bthstreets, Brandon, Man.— A leading exponent of this difficult and useful art is the house of which Mr. J. A. Brock is the well known and reliable proprietor. Mr. Brock is an experienced and practical photographer of more than ordinary skill and executive ability, who, though a native of Eastern Canada, has been a resident of this eity for more than five years, where he is highly esteemed, alike for his business qualifications as for his courteous manners. His studio i <)ln^antly furnished, and conveniently and centrally sit. .ed on Rosser avenue. His excellent productions early attracted attention, and has seeured him a large and constantly increasing patron- age, to accommodate which he employs skilled and ex- perienced assistants. His establishment is thoroughly provided with every facility for the buiinest, inolading the latest and best methods and appliances, use being made of the instantaneous process, which is eipeoUllr adapted for taking the features both of the very yoang and old. Mr. Brook is a complete master of hit pro- fession, and is highly popular among bis siany patron* for the superior excellence and flniih of all work prodneed, and his reasonable prices. During hit long and busy career he has ever maintained an honorable reputation, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. Centr*! Hotel, F. A. Tamblyn, proprietor, Bower avenue, corner 8th street, Brandon, Man.— There is no more popular hotel in Manitoba than the above named house, especially among the local and general publio, a class who, above all others, know how to select a com- fortable hotel. Its central location makes it specially convenient for all classes, while the courteous host, Mr- Tamblyn, makes it a point of attending carefully to their wants, and has provided ample accommodation for their comfort. The Central wat built eipecially for a hotel, and is a three storey and basement brick building, fitted up and arranged in the most modern plan. The office, dining-room and bar are on the first floor, while on the second and third floors are the parlors and thirty-eigh^ neatly furnished sleeping rooms, all large, airy and com- fortable rooms. The bar is stocked with the best foreign andTdomestio wines, liquors and cigars. Mr. F.^ A. Tamblyn is a host who takes pleasure in making his guests comfortable, and is highly esteemed by the com- munity and travelling public at large. The Central it the best one dollar a day hotel in Brandon or the Northwest. It is thoroughly heated by steam, and everything in and around the house it for the comfort of the guests, also good stabling capacity in oonneotion with the house. Bnrchlll A Howey, Butchers and I'ork Packers, Rosier avenae, between 9th and ICth streets, Brandon, Man.— They established themselves in busineis here in 1882, they being one of the pioneer enterprisea of Brandon. By strict attention, coupled with a straightforward system of honorable dealing, they have won their way into the front rank of our most substantial and respected mei- ohants. The premises occupied as the pork-packing de- partment are very spacious and oomnodions, well ar- ranged and equipped with every facility and appliance for the transaction of business. They are packers of the choicest pork, and also dealers in all kinds of fresh and salt meats, sugar-cured hams and breakfast bacon, alto fish and game in season. They do an immense family trade, numbering among their customers the best class of people in this oity and vicinity. Messrs. W. J. GnrchiU and John A. Howey, the proprietors, have ever rnain- tained an excellent reputation for selling only the best quality of meat, and always' at honest prices. They have always given a liberal and public-spirited support to all measures having for their object the welfare and prot- perity of this oity. This firm does a large and prosperooi business in pickling eggs ; it is the only firm in Manitoba in this branch of business. They have several team* throughout the country gathering eggs for the season's packing, and are able to supply any quantity and fill all orders in the promptest manner. Wiitooli A Co., Hardware, Stoves and Tinware, Roster avenue, corner 7th street, Brandon, Man.— Among the number cf stores and successful business enterprises in this city, the hardware and tinware house of Wilson A BRANDON. 91 Ou. oooupieg a prominent poiition, and is one of the leadinc houBei in the oity. Thin firm wm eitAbliihed in 18S1, aod ii one of the pioneer firm* of Brandon. They manafaoture all deioriptioni of tin, copper and sheet iron -ware, giving special attention to sponting, guttering and repairing. Thep keep in stock a full line of heavy and «belf hardware, meohanics' tools, guns, cutlery, house furnishing goods, etc. Their stock will always be found complete M-l of the beat selection and quality. All ma- ohinery calculated to make their productions flrst-olass, and at the samo time moderate in price, will be found in their factory. They use flrst-elass material and their goods never fail to recommend themselves. A large stock of stoves, heaters, ranges, etc. This is one of the best oon- 'duoted establishments in the city, and one which merits Mid receives a goodly share of public patronage, I>. Btocfcton, Merchant Tailor, Rosser avenue, be- tween 7th and 8th streets, Brandon, Man.— One of the most active, enterprising and popular business men in this -city is Mr. Ii. Stockton, whose handsome store is eligibly located on Rosser Avenue. He has been established in business since 1881, and by strict attention, coupled with a straightforward system of honorable dealing, be has built up a large and permanent patronage. His spacious ane commodious store is admirably arranged and heavily stocked with a varied assortment of tho finest imported and domestic'woollens, cossimeres, broadcloths, tweeds and suitings in all the latest and most fashionable colors and patterns. In addition Mr. Stockton carries a splendid assortment of gents' furnishing goods and choice selection x>f furs always on hand, and perfect satisfaction guaran- teed. Ihe garments made by Mr. Stockton are unexcelled for fit, finish and workmanship, and his facilities enable him to execute all orders in the promptest and most satis- factory manner. Personally, he is genial, liberal and fair in all transactions and well deserving of the success be has achieved. ThoBiMi !<««» Harness, Saddles, Trunks, etc.. South 6th street, Brandon, Man.— This finely appointed store and thoroughly equipped factory occupy premises on 6th street, in the centre of the business portion of the city, and every faoility is provided for the advantageous prose- cution of the business. The line of trade embraces the manufacture of harness, saddles, bridles, collars, and in stock will be found a complete line of trunksl nets, robes, and, in short, everything in tho line of horse clothing and equipments, a large and well selected stock of which is carried. This hoosr, through the general excellence of its goods, and upright, honorable methods, has won a wide popularity in the trade, and the business is of extensive and prosperous magnitude. Mr Lee is widely esteemed as a merchant of sterling enterprise and inflexible integ- rity, and is regarded as one of Brandon's most influential and successful business men. MeKcaale A Bnasellf Carriage Manufacturers and Blacksmithing, South 6th street, Brandon, Man.— The founders of this business, whose capacious and commo- dious establishment is situated on 6th street, enjoy the distinction of being the oldest established carriage manu- facturers in or sround Brandon, having started the busi- ness here in 1881, and have conducted it with unvarying success continuously ever since — than which no stronger evidence could be afforded of the superior excellence of the work turned out, and the uniform satisfaction ren- dered to those holding business relations with the firm. Carriages of every description ar« made, thorough satis- faction being assured in every instance. If experienee. Judgment and skill can accompliib it. The premises occu- pied are ample, and the factory is supplied with all the machinery requisite for the transaction of business. They also do a general blacksmithing and horseshoeing business, none but experienced workmen being employed. Messrs. P. McKeniie and J. A. Russell, the propnetora, are men of ability and energy, and are ; irgely endowed with the qualities that bespeak success. This firm is the only hard- wood lumber dealer in the city, oak ana bent wood of all descriptions always on hand. They are Jobbers in all kinds of carriage material, and sole agents in this country for James Cowan A Co., of London, Ont., manufacturers of the celebrated carriage top. «. * ». CmmIs, Bakery and Confectionery. Rosser avenue, between 9th and 10th streeU. Brandon, Man.— Two of the most enterprising and thorough-going business men in this oity are Messrs. O. & D. Cassels, brokers and dealers in co:<(^ctionery. Theirs is the leading establish- ment in this section, and meritoriously enjoy the patron- age of the best class of citizens. The store they occupy is in a prominent business locality. They opened here in 1886, coming from Portage La Prairie, where they still own and run an establishment of this kind. Since the storl here they have received a very encouraging support. Iheyttarted with moderate capital, which their energy, industry andpractical ability soon increased, and secured them a steadily growing trade. They carry a stock em- bracing every desirable article, fresh and pure, in their line, for family consumption. They produce and furnish to their large custom, from select flour, the choicest bread, cakes, rolls, crackon, etCn in the market, and be- sides giving them credit for keeping one of the best and most attractive stores in the oity, we are satisfied that they possess the proper business qualification*, tact and energy to succeed. Their courteous attention and promi.t habits are such as must continue to add to their many friends and customers. Mr. Oeorge Cassels is manager for this house. Bsty Jt Cartia, Flour and Feed, Rosser avenue, be- tween 7th and 8th streets, Urandon, Man.— We gladly give space to the enterprising flourand feed establishment of Ray & Curtis, located on Rosser avenue. This business was established nearly two years ago, and, like all con- cerns intimately connected with the grain trade during that period, has prospered greatly, and is constantly in- creasing its proportions. They transact a wholesale and retail business in the choicest brands of family flour, also oats, baled hay, chops, mill feed, produce of all kinds, etc., and deliver to all parts of the city. Messrs. A. E. Ray and W. C. Curtis, the proprietors, by industry and excellent business qualifications, has won a large circle of friends and patrons, and the prospects of their trade increasing to very large dimensions are exceeding'.; bright. If push, enterprise and energy will win suooess, Messrs. Ray t Curtis will assuredly attain it. Hwywood Br«MU, Coal, Wood and Transfer, Rosser Avenue, between 8th and 9th streets, Brandon, Man.— An old established and popular Brandon exponent of trade is Maywood Bros., general dealers in eoal, woood, oil, ice, buying and selling horses, and the proprietors of the Brandon Transfer Co. Mr. C. N. Maywood founded this business in 1882, the present firm was formed in 1884 by admitting Mr. James A. Maywood into partnership. I*' I) -Hi Still fc I' i Hi.f f 1*1 98 THE NEW WEST. MS 111 111 ill! MIX '"■1 i'li ;iu : « '^:i I! I i They keep iteadily employed » iarge force of men and teamSt and the annual volume of bnainesa ia of moet proi- peroas magnitude. Peraonally, Mesan. Maywood Broa. an genial oourteoua gentlemen, thoroughly devoted to buaineaa and highly eateemed in trade cirolea aa uprighti honorable merohanti, whoae aaooeaa haa been won by their own indoiuitable teal and induatry. OtlMon A FMMcrt Wholeaale and Retail dealera in Buggiea, Buakboard Waggona. Cutters, Sleigba, Eaatern and Weatern horssa. Liverymen, &o., •tco., 10th and lUh atreeta, oppoaite Maaonio Hall, Brandon, Man.— We wish in according the varioua enterpriaea of the city, to call attention to the businea? of the firm of Oibaon & Fraaer. Although but atarted in thia line in the spring of 18S7, both gentlemen have been engaged in buaineaa in the city ainoe ita commencement. The new firm have by close application and puab auooeeded in building up a fine and proaperoua trade, and the community in which they reaide, as well as those with whom they have done busineaa, apeak well of their integrity and ability. Their present building not being oommodioos enough for the amount of busineaa done, they have determined to add largely to its capacity this ensuing spring. Their facilities for buy- ing and selling the above goods are unsurpassed, as they either purchase direct from manufacturers or dealers, thereby saving any oommiBsion to middlemen. They have a number of horses— all reliable, speedy animals— and a full line of carriages, baroucL. ;, phsstons, buggies, eto., for hire and sale. Their facilities for buying and selling stock, buggies, and carriages are unequalled, either on commission or exchange. The members of the firm are J. S. Gibson and Geo. V. Fraser. Both gentleman are highly esteemed and respected by all who know them. The suooeas and popularity of thia well known stable is due to the fact that they aim to treat parties in the most liberal and courteous mannor, giving satisfaction in every respect, attending to their business promptly. D. A. Kewior, Watches, Jewelry end Silverware, Roaser Avenue, between 3th and 9th streets, Brandon, Man.— The prominence which has been given to the trade in articles of adornment for the person, as well as of ele- gant objects of virtue for household use and diaplay, in thia city in the paat few years (a aomethlng remarkable. Any merchant or manufacturer who can produce aome- thing that will please the eye and at the same time render it of use to his fellow citiien, is a public benefactor. This is true in any branch of business, but more especially in the jewelry business. Mr. Reesor, the gentleman whose name heads this article, comes often under the head of a public benefactor. He has been the means of laying be- fore the citisens and the surrounding section of the coun- try, some of the most elegant works of art in clocks, watches, diamonds, silverware and jetrelry that the eye haad:'<- tion In thia climate ; qualities, the result of agoellent water, intelligent oare and experience of our brewers, conjoined to the use of apparatus poiaesaing all the best modem improvements made in this country and else- where, and the superior standard of both quantity and quality of the ingredients used. The process of making thia highly popular healthful beverage is most interesting, but apaoe predudea its admiaaion here. The business wa» established in 1885, the present firm coming into posses- sion in 1887. The senior member of the present firm was one of the original founders of this establishment. The firm oomprico Mr. J. Meumeyer and W. H. Pares. So un!vert.%l are the good qualities o.' this famous ale and porter, especially for parity and such health-giving and preserving qualities they possess, that there is scarce a family, no matter how temperate, that has not at some time experienced its pleasant and beneficial effects. Messrs» Meumeyer & Pares, who are the sole proprietors, have reason to congratulate themselves upon the fact that they have at last found an article that they oan recommend to their patrons for ita pure and healthy qualities. W. G. Eveana, Livery, Feed and Sale Stable, Uth street, Brandon, Man.— There is no livery stable pro- prietor in Brandon more generally or more favorably known than Mr. O. W. Eveans, whose stables are located on 11th street. This establishment is so well known that any extended reference to it must appear unneoetiary. This business was originally atarted by V- Torranoe, in 1SS2, Mr. Eveans coming into possession in 18B6,andha« ever since done a large and prosperous trade. His premises are of large dimensions and have accommodation for 48 horses. Mr. Eveans does a livery, feed and sale business, and has some fine hones in his bam at tha present time, while hia stock of buggies, cutters, etc., it unsurpassed by any other establishment. Indeed, if you want a stylish and fine appearing rig, this is the place to secure it, and at most reasonable prints. The lively business transacted by Mr. Eveans amounts to a very large sum annually, and is constantly on the inofease. He is well known and highly esteemed, being one of the most popular men in this business in the eity, and hia honorable, straightforward business methods have gained for him the confidence and regard of alU J. C. CAineroii, Carriage Manufacturing and BUck- smithing, 12th street, Brandon, Man.— This gentleman is located on Uth street, where he carries on business in horscshoing, general blaoksmithing, wagon, carriage and sleigh building and repairing. He attends to all kinds of repair worif , and the excellence of his workmanship is at* tested by the large and constantly increasing patronage bestowed upon his establishment. Mr. Cameron has none but thoroughly experienced and strictly first-class horse- shoers, a fact which those who own valuable horses oan thoroughly appreoiate. He has gained a high reputation in this respect for auperior work, shoes being made to order, and horses shod as may be desired. His establish- ment in this business here dates from 1811, since which time he has built up a valuable trade, which is steadily increasing. He is himself a practical mechanic of many years experience, personally superintending all work done on his premises, and with his evidently good commercial ability and enterprise, added to his mechanical skill, bids fair to advance to a front rank among the manufacturers of this city. 1 VIRDKN. m TMU«r * Tvoltor, Lirery, Fa«d aad Sale SUble, Sonth 6th strMt, Brandon, Man.— Thii ii one oi* theflneit liyery, boardins and sale atablea in Brandon* It was bailt in 188S, and contains erery modern improTement 'iha interior arrangements are perfect, no eipense baring been spared in equipping it with every couvenienoe and facility, On the ground floor is located the carriage repository, offiee, and fitted up with stalls a^'brding ample aooommo- dation for 100 head of horses. The ventilation and sani- tary arrangements are perfect, and the welfare of the stock is oareftilly attended to by experienced grooms, Messrs. B. Trotter and A. Trotter, the proprietors, have some of the finest p.nd most stylish equipages to be seen in Brandon, and a stock of the thoroughbred driving horses, which can be hired for businen or pleasure, day or night, on moderate terms. They take honesto l>oard, and on sale, and their facilities for the care of the same are of a slriotly first-class character. They are active com- petitors for legitimate business, energetic, honorable and fair in all dealings, and are very popular throughout the city. They make a speciality of buying and sellinghorsea, handling about the largest stock of horses in this country. Hiey have a large supply of horses continually arriving from all points of Canada, United States and Northwest, for sale, and upon receipt of telegram or letter, horses will be met at the stock yards or railway depots. All horses using the stables have the privilege of training on the race oourse, which is one of the best tracks in the province. Correspondence invited with all who have horses to buy or sell, as well as importers and exporters of horses. The]» have also a first-class hotel adjoining the stables, which has been built especially for farmers and horsemen. J. liMplont, Shaving and Hairdreming Parlor, Roiser Avenue, between 9th and 10th streets, Brandon, Man.— There is nothing that a man more delights to find than a place where he can obtain a good shave, and this great desideratum is found in this city at the above mentioned number. Mr. Laplont is one of the pioneer men of Bran- don, coming here in 1881, ajd by energy and a thorough knowledge of business he has built up a large and pros- perous busineM. He is a man who, believing in the prosperity of this country, has made several important investments, not as a speculator, but with the intention of improving with the country. Mr. Laplont is owner of a good business block on Rosier Avenue, a fine residence, and is also possessor of one of the finest farms in the coun- try. He is doing a large and prosperous business, which is the just reward of his energy, push and enterprise. VIRDEN. Yirden is the county town of Dennis, and lays a just claim to boiL^ one of tti& most flourisliing towns in the province. It is located on the main line of ILe C. P. R., 182 mi'es west of Winnipeg, and it is unlike many other towns in that iv does not owe its e.'ustense to the boom 1881-2, never became, as may be termed, th.i prey of real estate speculation, being born after the boom subsided, and its trade bus been of legitimate gi-owth, and everything that has been put in the town has remained there for its own welfare. The population is over 500 permanents resident, the floating population being very small. There are six general stores and the stocks in all lines, kept for intending settlers, are such as experience teaches them will fill all their requirements. There are situated here two elevators with a combined capacity for 8,000 bushels, and a thiixl one is being erected, the capacity of which will be 30,000 bushels, and will be provided with all the latest roller-process machinery which will turn out 125 barrels a day ; though it was at fii-st thought this would be too large, it has just been discovered that the requirements of to-day are such as to demand a gi-eat deal more capacity in every way, and arrangements are in process of completion for the erection of a mill with double the capacity of the last men- tioned, and which will be completed in time to receive the present season's crop. In fact it can truthfully be said of Yii-den that it possesses all the requirements for a modern town. Thei'e are several churches here and a good public school ; and also a good cheese factory which turns ont on excellent quality of the material, and for which there is great demand in the east to which no less than 60 tons were shipped last fall. Yirden also has a pork curing establishment, which though only run on a small scale at present, will in a short time be considerably enlarged so as to cope with the demands of the country around for hams, bacon, etc. Geologists say that the aspect of the surrounding county is most favourable to the discovery of coal^ ml" iiiij iiti 1 u- I III i" I ■I' -If .♦1 100 THE NEW WEST. and withoat doubt, workable seams will be foand ere long. Limestone la also to be found here in abundance, and hard building stone also. No less than 700,000 bosheU of wheat passed through the elevatora here last winter, m well as a large quantity of barley and oats. There is plenty of wntor here, and with all these natural advantages, Virden is bound to become the first manufacturing centre and distributing point of Western Manitoba. Vii-den has 6 general stores, 4 hotels, 2 hai-dware shops, 2 dnjg stores, 2 lumber yaMs, harness shop, furniture store, carriage manufactory, millicery store and a bank. Limestone is abundant, and hai-d building stone can be procared in quantities. The public school is built of native stone, and is noted for its architec- tural beauty. Ill 111! w MP PROMINENT BUSINESS HOUSES OF VIRDEN. I (iii f mr. ▼Irden Boiler Flour MIU, Koester, Craig A Co., proprietors, Virden, Man.— The flour trade of Canada has iitiained «uoh magnitude that it now forms one of the moat important factors in Canadian industrial and financial oiroles, and has enlisted in every branch of business the best trained talent of the commercial world. One of the leading and moat influential concerns engaged in the milling business is the Virden Roller Flouring Hill, of which Messrs. Koester, Craig A Co. are the proprietors. This company is too widely known in commercial circles to need extended mention here. SuflSoe it to say that its facilities and connections are absolutely unequalled, and they have gone on developing a steady, high-class trade, until they have attained proportions of the greatest mag- nitude . The mill is substantially built, having a capacity -of 100 bblfl. per day, which is now run to its fullest ca- pacity. The motive power is furnished by a 65 horse- IMwer engine, and the machinery is unsurpassed for per- fection of design and utility by that of any similar establishment in Manitoba. They buy nothing but flrst- -oluss wheat, which they are ready to purchase at all times at highest market prices. These mills are a eredit to th« country, and among its representative establishments and deserving of all the commendation we can give. TirdMi Holism, Elliott & Trnmbell, proprietors, Virdin, Man.— The travelling public cannot find a better conducted or more popular hotel at which to stop in Virden than the Virden House. The building is one of the largest devoted to the hotel business in the town. It is two stories in height, and ail the rooms are large and eommodions. In addition to the parlor, there are eighteen sleeping rooms in the house, all Urge, airy rooms, and all neatly furnished. The dining-room is a very ffpaeiobs one, one, and the table is always provided with tUe very best the market affords, and all delicacies in season. The bar il stoc ed with the best foreign and domestio wines, liquors and cigars in the market. More genial or considerate hosts than Messrs. W. Elliott and R. B. Trnmbell it would be hard to find, and they are justly popular with the travelling public and the residents of the town and country. ELKHOEN. This thriving little town, 196 miles west of Winnipeg, although of recent birth, already possesses over 200 inhabitants, and boasts of throe general stores, a grain ele- vator, three hotels, a lumber yard, a blacksmith t>hop, and there are good openings for a flouring mill, hardware store, harness shop, and other industries. The village has an excellent scliou'i, and an Episcopal church and a Presbyterian church* Located in a section famed for the fertility of its soil, and with the best water on the lino of railway, Elkhora offers superior inducements to the settler and business man. The site is an eligible one in every respect, and, with its apparent advantages, doubt- less Elkhorn will take a front rank amongst the rising towns of Manitoba. iKi ELKHOBN. Hi PROMINENT BUSINESS HOUSES OF ELKHORN. H. ttowBW«llt Dry Qoodi, Clothing. Boots and Shoes, Orooeriet, Hardware, etc., Riobbill A having a width of about 250 miles on the international boundary line, and an area of about 105,000 square miles. The rich, undulating, park-like country lies in this region. This section is specially favorable for settlement, and includes the Assini- boine and Qu'Appelle districts. The third plateau begins on the boundary line at the 104th meridian, where it has an elevation of about 2000 feet, and extends west for ^6 miles to the foot of the Bocky Mountains, where it has an altitude of about 4200 feet, making an average height above the sea of about 3000 feet. Generally speaking, the first two steppes are those which are most favorable for agriculture, and the third for grazing. Settlement is proceeding in the first two at a very rapid rate ; and in the thii'd plateau it is beginning, while numerous and prosperous cattle ranches have been established. ■J 1 I'"' ' 104 THE NKW WK8T. ■ 111 ^'im I' i,ift .- Generally speaking, a lino drawn fVom the southoapt corner of the liske of tho Wii kIb, and running nord wo8t to tho heigiit of land, divides thiH territory into two nearly equal portionn, and for the mo8t part fo' Iowa tho courne of the isothermal lines. A diagonal 'ir j thuH drawn also rou^^hl^ sepaiatOH two /^eoiogical formutions, the southern half being generally available for agricultural purposes. The portion north of thiH line oompriHes the wooded portion of the Nrn-thweet. It is rich in mineral and other resourcoH, and undoubtedly, as the country comes to bo more thickly settled, will ho cultivated in partH. There aro magnificent lakes and rivers ir the territories. The Mackenzie, which empties into the Arctic Ocean, is one of ihe longest in the world, its esti> mated length being at>out 2500 miles, including the Slavo Hiver, which is a part of its system. This river is generally navigable, except at the base of the Bocky Mountain!, vherc it is interrupte