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DKPAimiKNT ()F THK INTKKIOR, CANADA 
 
 Hon. \V. J. Home, Minigtcr. W. VV. Cohv, IJepiity Mitiig»er. 
 
 KOKKSTHY BKANCII aRCUI.AR N... II 
 
 11. II Cwfji.i I r , l):r. . t..r ..I I 
 
 ■ ^ Environment Environnement 
 
 ■ T- Canada Canada 
 O01S97SK 
 
 CANADA. FURfcSTRV 6RANCH. 
 
 The Relation of Forestry to the 
 Development of the Country 
 
 K. II. cami»|{f;i.f. 
 
 \ 
 
The Relation of Forestry to the Development 
 
 of the Country. 
 
 Desirlptlon of Some European Forest Oonditiona by Mr. B. H. Campbell, Dominion 
 
 Director of Forestry. 
 
 Whili! on II visit li> tin- OM t'niiiitry 
 mi-iitly I litnl tin- ii|i|Mii'tiiiiitv iil' \i«itiii^ 
 Hit William H.lili,.|i, the li.'ii.l iif 111.- (•'iHc'st 
 HrliiMil at till' I'liivcrsity <it' Oxfcir.l. Hr. 
 Srlilicli is the (iliji-st fnri-sti'r now in Kiin 
 liinil iin>l li:is li.'nl tin- lon^ji'Ht <>x|ii'rii'iiri' 
 in fnrcHtry work, lie liinl tlir honor, with 
 Sir liii-trirh Uriimlis, of or^janizinn the 
 fori'st M-rviro in India iiinl xjii-nt twenty- 
 live years in that serviie. Ili' then re 
 turne.l to Kiiclaihl to the t"iiri>st sihool 
 
 liani has "ince the iin i'|>tiori of the forestry 
 wcirk in I'anada taken a very keen interest 
 ill it, and was very nun h pleased to learn 
 id' the proyress that is liein^ niiide. 
 
 Dr. Schllih DiscusMs Forestry Situation 
 in Canada. 
 
 I>r. Mehli. li w:is kind enon^jh to diseuHH 
 the C'inadi.'in situation somewhat fully, 
 an. I after doin;; so he advised nie that the 
 
 Mature Scotch Fine, Ballochbuie Forest, Scotland. 
 
 whiih w;is then loiati'.l .it ('ooper's Hill 
 at whii h the forest studiMits for the Indian 
 servile were eduiated. and lias siiue 
 heeii enjjatjed in preparing men for the 
 Indian forest serviee, whieh reipiires very 
 hicli teehnical i|Uuliliiations in its offieers. 
 Within the last few years the forest sehool 
 wa.s moved to Oxford and is now beinj; 
 parried on in eonneetion with tlio I'ni- 
 vcrsity. Sir William is still aetive and 
 able to attend to his work in the sihool 
 and deliver leetures, although he is lienlii- 
 ning to feel the effects of age. Sir Wil- 
 
 liest poliiy to follow was to have forest 
 reserves estalilished wherever there were 
 lands suitalde for that purpose, .'iiid then 
 go forward ami develop a permanent poliey 
 of administration on these reserves. This 
 was the poliey followed in the develop- 
 ment of fore.stry work in India, and from 
 Dr. Sidilieh's experienee ho was satisfied 
 that this was the important basis for any 
 advaiieo in forest maii.agement in Canada. 
 A statement of this kind from a man of 
 Sir AVilliani Sidilieh's long experience both 
 in forest management and in education, is 
 
Canadian Forcttry Journal, Manh, lUl't 
 
 of Ufi'l Miliir iiikI sliimhl yi^i' the I'lir 
 ■'••tcrM in <':iiiii<lu iiiiiili iiinrc > <irili'li'i>ri' Mi 
 ll<l\lM'aliM^' tlir |Milirv lit' M'tliii^ :i|>:irt t'lir 
 
 !•■<( r«!<i'r\rH Hllirll ll:l^* .lltl'.hlv 111 a rllll 
 
 slIitiiIiIi* I'Xti'iil lii'i'ii ji'l\i>r:iti'<l aii'l 
 a<li>|>ti'.|. 
 
 Progreu Being Made in Betting Apart 
 Forest Beserves. 
 
 t 'i>)i>'i<li-ral>lr a'Uatiir lias lirrri iiiailr tti 
 <'aiia<la in tln' si'ttiny a|iart of f'lrrit ir 
 xiTM'i. At tllr jili'siMll tilllr llli'li' ari' fill 
 est ri'urrvatiiitii tliriiiiKliiiiit tlir lliiiiiiiiinn 
 
 HS follllUH: 
 
 yuciii'i' iii;,!t!i:,,-,i:! 
 
 Ontario I l,i:;i).7:.'ii 
 
 Manitolia L'.riiHi.tiiii 
 
 Saskatilirwaii. ti, lH.-i.To'i.ti 
 
 AliiiTta i(i,si:i,:;7ti 
 
 Itriti^li Ciiluinliia (in liailwav 
 
 Hi'lt) L'. 1 1 7,ri:>. 1 
 
 ItritiHli Coliniiliia (iMitsiilc 
 
 Railway Hi-lt) J. 17 1,1.' in 
 
 making a total of l.'L',',i.'l."i,.'i!i:; airi'M. Hi- 
 si'loM till- aroas yivi'n for Uritisli ('nlninliia. 
 all llir I:iiiils wi'st of tin' CaHiiiilr?* Iirariny 
 inori' than s.iiiM) fnt, Imanl ini'asiiri'. of 
 tiiiilirr ,,i'r arro ami all lainls i'a>t of tin- 
 t'a.ii'aiU's licariiij; over ,",imhi fiTt, lioani 
 inrasiin-, piT arri' of nnTrhantalili' tlniluT 
 ari' ri'niovi'il from I'litry. 
 
 Thi'si' arras havr liron soli'i'tcl witli I'on- 
 si.li'ralilc larr with tin- olijrct of inilmlinfj 
 in saih ri'scrvatiiins only Iannis whirh con 
 trol watrrshcls, or whiih owiiiK to the 
 iiatiiri' of tho soil, to|i();jra|ihy or altifiidi', 
 aro not snitalilo lor .■i>;ririillural |Mir|iii!<i'>i. 
 The ili'trraiin.-ition of what laioU an- aliso 
 Into fori'st lainU ami uh.il an' a;;riiiillur;il 
 Ian. Is is a mailer of ;;rcal irn|iorl!imi', an. I 
 It is one into whirh a ;,'oi).| many faitors 
 I'liti'r so ih;it tho ili'cision th.-it any Ian. I 
 is alisolnto furost Ian. I may havo'lo hr 
 altiTi'.l with .•on.lilions of rlimati', or ni;ir 
 ki'ls ami of .•ijjriiiilliir.'il ami fnrost .Ir 
 \i'lo|ini('nt. 
 
 Agricultural Conditions. 
 
 In I'oiisi.JiTin^; tin' pussiliiliti,..; i,f n,,. 
 nsi' of Ian. I for .•lyri.iiltiiral piirposi'- it 
 shoiill .'ilso III' ki'pl in mill. I thai lln' ii. a 
 is not as III whi'lliiT it iniiihl or nii;;lit nut 
 III' iHissilili' to |iIiMii;h n|i tin' Ian. I ,'in.| rai-r 
 somi' sort of .-i rro|. i . it or us,. t| fur 
 t'r;i/ini; piirposi's, l.ut whi'lhor Ihr .on.li 
 lions ari' such that a family lan i.' -ni.- 
 porli'.l upon Ihi' Jan.! in onlinary .|,..i-ii.v 
 anil I'omfiirl. If sn.h is nut tin' lasr tin' 
 plai-in^: of pi'iiplc on sn.'li lan. Is is not only 
 of no lioni'lit to thi'in Imt is .-in alisnliili- 
 ilrlriini'til to the lomniiii. wi'al as Ihi' ri'- 
 sail i-an only he Iho lirinyin^ up of a yen 
 •ration whirh will In' a mona.-i' rathi-r 
 than a strentjih to lhi> slah'. 
 
 In .listii.'ls w hi're Ihc I'limnti' is niiffl 
 ■ icntly null to prrtnit of tho ^rowlh of 
 frnil, I iilti\ atiiin may In' i arrii'il to hi(;hi-r 
 altilmli's than in rasos whi'rc IrHit |irolil 
 alili' imps to the arro ran iii- urowii. In 
 l-'rami' anl ><» il/erlaml, viinyiirils an- 
 fiinml hi^'l, .| on thr si.li'H of the nioiiii 
 t.'iins OH .soil that is not of ^oinl ipiality 
 ami ari' making; possillo a prolitalili' ro 
 Inn from lln' l.iml so as In largely )iro\i.|i' 
 for thr support i.l i family .■ii lornpara 
 tivi'l\ small ari','i> \Vhrri< t>:ain or root 
 imps niiisl III' ri'sorti'.l to, the nroa of lan. I 
 tr.piir.'l for till' support of a f.'imily svoiil.i 
 111' ri.nsi.lcr.'ilily ijrratcr, ami when' it 
 ri'ai Ill's a poiiil lli.il only Ihi' ){ra/in^' of 
 
 stoi k an.l lilt' ^rowin^ of j;fi'i'n f 1 is a 
 
 piissiliilily till" arra ri'i|uir('.l for tho sn|>- 
 piirt of a family must In' larurly incrcascil. 
 
 On Ihi' pooriT lan. I ami in Iho mountain 
 ilist rills uf Kuriipr it h.is Ini'ii fouml pus 
 silili' to uri'ally cxli'ml Ihi' area of |iro(li 
 alili' si'ltlrmrnf liv pmsi.lin^ nn ontsi.lo 
 souri'i' of I'lnpliiymi'iit ami profit to thr 
 a^rirultnrists, ami this has licon iloiii' l.y 
 iincrinj; tho poor l.'iinl with forrsl an.l 
 i'liithin^> till' moiinl.'iinsiilr with a crop of 
 trees. If we ' ke a typical mountain '.al 
 ley in any iil the foresti'il i|istii.|s of 
 Kuriipe the matter will lie fouml work 
 
 out siinu'what as follows: In the lower part 
 of the v.-illey where prailically any crops 
 m;iy lie yroHii, the f.'irmer can ilepen.j on 
 the proceeils of the l.'iml he owns or has 
 renle.l to prnvi.le for himself :iml his fain 
 ily. I'nicei'.lin;; higher up the valley 
 small liel.ls of ^rain :tlti'rn:itin^ with pas 
 lure priivi.le a rather in.'i.leiniute support 
 r.r the f.'imily, an.l hiylier up elimatic con 
 litioiis which ni.'ike the laini snit.-ilile only 
 for yr;i/in)X, except possilily only a few 
 .icrcs in the immeiliati' lioltnni of the \ .'il 
 ley, make il necessan that only the ura/ 
 in;; of slii.k, which i~ ycner.illy .lone on 
 ciimninii p:istur.'|i;i', shoul.l lie carrie.l out 
 while the small area of ar.-ilile laml in the 
 l.iitlom of Hie valley may supply fi ■ I fo?- 
 the stuck for the winter ami ve;;i'tal.h's fur 
 the family. 
 
 II is fonn.l, however, that, if some pro 
 lilalile Work can lie provi.lcl in the winter 
 for the faniilies living in sii.li valleys, llic 
 \;illey» will lie nlile to support .-i consi.ler 
 alily lar;;er pnpul.'ition than wmiM lie the 
 c.'i'-e if the hill si.jes were liaie.l :in.| .1.- 
 Mile. I wholly 111 \i[n/\i\)i or •■ittenipls al 
 .lijri.ultini'. The contrast, from oliserva 
 linn. I.elween the foreste.l ami ileforesle.l 
 \.illi'\s in the mount.'iins is so ^reat that 
 ." fori'steil v:i!ley will support a [loputa- 
 liiin I'slim.'ite.l al live times the numlier 
 in a .li'fori'sli'.l vallev in a nnninlainous 
 .listri.-t. II will lie' seen then that the 
 fiiresl is nut oppose.l to agriculture luit is 
 .■1 ^reat a--istanco to it in places where 
 the auricnitiiral lonilitions arc not the 
 most favorable. 
 
T/if Hiliilion of FitrtHtru U> the Drnhpmrnl of thv lounlry 5 
 
 wf^- 
 
 Scotch Fine. Height. 108 feet; ginh, 11 feet 10 inches. 
 
 Forest Flauting Helps Poor Lands 
 
 Wliilc the acriiiiltiinil Hottlcnu'iits in 
 miiiiiitaiii valleys have lircn rcfiTn'.l to in 
 till- piiTc.liii^; |iaraur;i|ili tin" no tliinj; 
 appiii's to poor laii'l-', os; . y sainly 
 
 Uu\<ls. wliiili may not \>f of ; „'rt'at olc- 
 vat ion. A very Btrikinn rxai..,.n' of lliis 
 iM Mi'cn in tloidistriit of the I.ainl.'S in 
 Houtliwi'stcrn Kranii-. Tlie saiuls tdrowii 
 lip on tlir sra wlioro in the vii'inity of Kor- 
 ilcaiix ami soiitliw.'i'il ilriftcil in o:i the 
 farniyanis ainl viii'vards to tlic I'iwt, 
 Krailiially covcrinn ainI ilrstroyiin; those 
 ami resulting; in a lomlition of sainl hills 
 or ilnnes fnoviii); slowly nmler the inlliience 
 of the win. I, with stretches of marsh he- 
 twcen them. On these saml hills ami 
 m.'irshes ;;n'\v a scanty vegetation v.liich 
 proviileil pasturage for it few sheep whi ■h 
 were looke.l after liy the shcphenls who 
 have often been ilescriheil walking over 
 the hills ami through the marshes on stilts 
 watehin): their sheep anil soinetinies busily 
 knittinu in onler to aii.l to the value of 
 their time. Agriculture was impo?silile in 
 the district and this grazinj; wliich was 
 very poor and carrieil but a small num- 
 ber of stock was all the use that could be 
 
 made of this extensive and ini'reasiny sand 
 area. In the year I'SS steps were taken 
 by the French government to ascertain 
 what coiilil be done to improve conditions 
 here, and a policy of forest planting was 
 deciiled on with the result that these sand 
 wastes have been almost entirely plantdl 
 lip with Maritime pine which produces a 
 very valuable harvest of resin during the 
 life of the tree wliile the wood afterwards 
 is used for paving blocks in Paris, for 
 props for coal mines in Kngland and \VaI"s, 
 and for other purposes. In fact one part 
 of the shortage of Jiiine |irops in (ireat 
 Hritain at thi' present time is ilne to the 
 f.act that the supply coiiM not be obtained 
 from northern France on account of the 
 scarcity of labor owing to the men h.'iving 
 all been called out to ',oiu the army. It 
 will be remembered that there was a depu- 
 tation from till" Hritish government in (^an- 
 •Kia recently looking into the question of 
 the ]iossibiiity of obtaining a supply of 
 pit props in Canaila to cover *he shortage 
 from t> Haltic as well as from France. 
 
 The tfect on the population of this re- 
 forestation work is shown by the fact that 
 in the parishes of La Teste and Cazeaux, 
 in this district the population before re- 
 
t'onniUnn FortHtnj Journal, Mmrh, 191.) 
 
 Pine TrMB tapped for ' eiln near Bordeaux, France. 
 
 I'liri'Htiitiiiii u:i> l.iiiMi :iii>l 1:4 iiiiw 11. mill, 
 iiiitl fitn!<i<ti>r;il>li' :ir4<;i<« l);t\t' Imtii l>r<Mi;;lit 
 iiihliT lullivjitiMii iiwiiii; let till' liii|rriivi'<l 
 I'liiKlJtiiiiis ii'Miiltiii^ I'niiii tlir lixiiii; lit' till' 
 sMicI 'liini's. It is nil Hiiihli'r that ii iiiai 
 lili> iiinmiiiii-iit as wi'll a** a Imst in lirnh/r 
 liaM' Imiii iii'.li'.l ifi till- .listriit to M. 
 Hri'iiioiitiir. »liii Hiiliati'il this uoik. 
 
 Forestry in Scotland. 
 
 Ill ilii' I'l'iliiT histiin lit' Siiillaiiil it is 
 |iiiil.;il.l.' Ih;ii till' tiii'.'iti'r |iait iil' tin' lli;.'li 
 liiii.ls was ,iAi'ii',| with till' itiipwlli 
 
 knonn ii-i tlir <iraiii|'i.iii tnri'st, .uhl that 
 till' I'liri'st was .|i's|Tii\ I'.l iiM'r must ni' tlir 
 
 lIiHlll;ill.|s l,y til,, nliirli liijiy l|„v,. |„.,.|, 
 
 sit in till' l.-iti'i- .lavs tor tin' |.iir|Misi' ut' 
 rli'.'iriin; '111' siiini' nl' tin' tnrlnil.'nt i-l;ins 
 t'riiiii till' ulins ami thus I'litnii in;,' a |i;iii 
 Ijiatiiiii whiih ntlii'iH isi- si'i'nn .1 iiii|ii)s 
 silili'. .\s a mattiT nl' t'ait at thr iiri'scii' 
 •iiiii' a vi'iv l;ir>;i' |.ri.|.iii tinii nf llir l|i«li 
 l.'imls I'lmsists lit' hi'iitli ila.l hills, with a 
 viTV littli' lit' natin;il t'lni'st nn tin' I'stati's 
 ot' sotiii' lit' thi' miiri' |iiiis|M'riins l.-iml nwn 
 ITS. In thi' .l;iys nl' tin' Ili;,'lilaml ilrar 
 aiii't's till' yli'iis wiri' I'lnptii'il of moii in 
 
 many |.la.i's t ikr w.-iv fin- si |i, ;iinl 
 
 fill' i;razin« nf -In, |. in tin' Ili^hlainN h;is 
 III .11 ri'.iiitly Its must iinpnitant in.liistrv. 
 A >ari.ful stinly nf tin' » In.li' i|in'sti a nf 
 till- ri'lativi' \ahii' nf t'la/in^; ami fnii'strv 
 
 in till' lliyhl.'in.ls has I n ma. In in n n't 
 
 .vnars ami th" .li'lil.i'rati' .nmliisioii has 
 been reailicl that with laii.l whiih will nut 
 rout for more than oiiu shillint; au aore 
 
 I'll ii|i ti 
 miii-h iiiiiri' 
 
 thri'i 
 
 "' I'. ■ » '•IIM-IS "11 I- III 11 |IIISIIIIIII 
 
 mially tii ilo so an- |i|aiilini; trrns iiml 
 liny sin h lainls ii tii fiirrsts as ra|ii.|ly 
 
 fur yra/iiii; slii'i'(i, 
 
 sliilliii;;s, it is ciTtiiiiilv miii'h iiiiiri' |ir(illt 
 alili' to put till' Ian. I into fnrnst, iiinl thnni' 
 of till' |.riviitr iiwiii'rn who an' in a position 
 linaiir' " ' ' . .■ . 
 
 til mil 
 
 i.s thi'v ran iiM'rtaki' tlin work. .\ laryi 
 part of Hiotlaml is so sitiiati'.l that thr 
 t'ra/iiii; is m.-illy not of yrnat \aliii' as it 
 is r.'. ki.iii'.l in thr (II. I I'onntry wIiiti' onr 
 of mil' hi'ii.l of lattli' to 
 I's of Ian. I, ami iiiii' hi'.'i.l o'' 
 mil' i|ii;irti'r of that .'iri'i 
 
 wisiirn rstimatr 
 
 :.'" or :;ii ai-ms 
 
 slii'i'p to .'iliiiiit i.iii- i|ii.-iMiT III imiT :irr.'i, 
 
 Hiiiil.l l.r I'oiisi.li-ri'.l .'IS ri'.lminy tin' yra/ 
 
 in;! \aliii' of fi i' l;in.| so low as to inakf it 
 
 worlhli'ss for any piirposi'. 
 
 Till' Uiiyal .Sottish .\rlioriinllural So 
 .ii'ty. whiih imiml.s many nf tlin laryi' 
 '.in. I owiiiTs in Si'otl.'iml, is iiruiny strori;;ly 
 
 ••' K r.il piiliiy of ri'fori'Sia;lnn for tin- 
 
 hiu'lilamls of Siiitlaml of s ii'h Ian. Is ns nro 
 nun .lyiiiiillnral ami arc not yra/inj; Ian. I 
 of hiyh ipi.ilit.v. Tin- Vrlioriiiiltiiral So 
 lirty .iryiii' for thi'ir \ ii .v of this i|ii('stion 
 not only friiin thr i.;i.' ♦' thi' lan.l hi'iny 
 I has put to its ino' >!ili' uso liiit also 
 
 fioni till' liiisi.s of .li'vi'lop.iij! an incronscl 
 population on tin' laml. making the pcopli' 
 nioM' inmfortalili' ami lonti'iitcl ami pos 
 sil.ly stopping' somr of tin- I'xo.liis to Can 
 .■i.la whiih has provi'.l sinh a yri-at ilrain 
 on till' pi.piilation of Si-ntlaml. Thi- Ar- 
 l.oriinltur.'il So.'ii.ty has ri';;iilar i'\ nrsions 
 
 I . . _ 
 
 ■MTV fi'W yi'.'us to soaii' of tin' Kiiropean 
 t'orists ami its nii'inliiTs havn moou the 
 I'lTi'if on till' .li'vi'lopmont of population 
 of a well royiilatcd co opcratiou between 
 
Thf Uili'liiin iij t'liriMlifi in llii Ihn l„i»),iiil i>( llii I'niinir:/ 
 
 Ooncluilon. 
 
 tiurii'iilliiri', Kr.'i/iriu iiml fnri'^try, iiii'l llnr 
 
 ri'I'lllllltlflKllltillllN til till' KIIMTIIIIIi'llt III 
 
 tiHKi'il (III wi>ll I'HtiililMii'H uriMiri.h. \VI 
 
 It in rcnli/i'.l thiit it nil! tiiki< l,."..iii ii.rri 
 fur «rii/iin; l.niMi »l„-r- an.: ihut |iriili:ilil> 
 mil' i>tii'|>lii-nl mil In- iiliji. tii li.nk iiflrr tlilii 
 tliiik, wliiTi'im III till' i|i'M'lii|>i'i| fi.ri'^ti iif 
 Kuriipi" lit liii»t mil' iMiiii to mil' liiiii.lri'.l 
 iirri"« i» ri>i|uiri'.|, it uill In- mci'ii tliiit tlu' 
 (•iimiliiliticH of iiiiri'ii.«iiii{ tlio |>ii|iiiliiti(iii 
 I'V till' iiHiMirriji'iiii'iit nf fiiri'..tr\ an' \ iTv 
 {.'ri'ut. 
 
 Whili' ,111 Mruuiiii'iit I'rmii llif i'x|ri'rii'iii i. 
 
 "f K'iirii| liii'iit liritiilii lamiiit In' tniim 
 
 I'i'rii'.l til < iiiii'lii wltliiiiit •iiii'tiili'ralimi of 
 till' ililTi'iiiit rmnlitimiM '• in i|iiltt' I'lfiir 
 frmii till* «tiii|\ I wax iil to iiiaki- .liiriiin 
 till' I'lint •.iiiiiiiii'r nr till-. i|iii<tiiiii ill till' 
 
 Olil Cciiiiiliy that fur tlir lii'-tt .|i'\i'lu| t 
 
 iif a iiiiiiitrv liiitli ill iii<|ii<.iriii iithl iii 
 |io|iiilatiiiii, il It iii'.i"<«ary tii liaM- u |irii- 
 I'lT lialaiK'i' lii'tHi'i'ii till' auri.iiltiiiiil, Km/ 
 nil! ii'i'l /iii'i".! intiTi'.t", aii'l that Ihi-m- 
 .111' lint iii'i-i>i«anly antat'iiiii-itir Imt .ilmiiM 
 III* miitiiallv hi'li'l'iil 
 
 Fire Une on Sand Dunes near Bordcniuc France.