IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /> <^ 1.0 irE££ Ui ■» 13.2 HMon I.I lU 13.6 2.2 i^ 1.25 yyii.4 1.6 150mm V y >IPPLIED^ IIVMGE . Inc jar 1653 East Main Street ^^ L Rochester, NY 14609 USA " Phone: 716/482-0300 .s^jsss Fax: 716/288-5969 O 1993, Applif.d Image, Inc., All Rights Reserved ,\ ^\ J,V <^ A. \<\ <^\ ^\ '^ .» •>»* to 15 d.«, rntil th. Ufm h.»e b^r«S 1 t-T^"' " •'.'■""'•1" of 10 upon the we.thM. In the cue oT. .II!. ^- ' "°'™' "'"'oh will depend on the fo,i.ge. «.^n t.«.''.r*i;.r.Jntrrbr.mrn.'"°° •"°'«"° ""- -f;p;js^;:S!lter.s;^'^^lrif"ii7"'-'-'^'^^^^^ '-• kerosene emulsion alone for t^ inseSS th J * i, I • "'* ""J^riow fangi, but aphu thrip red spider. cloverii^T/st^'I:: e7^^^^^^ Pjj^^^-^oh « pared^asloKrav?'^^^^^^^^^^^ °^ Bordeau?^!::XX^t One gallon of this co^^ ol*^" ni °! ^k^P*' "^P*»»^« »° 25 galIoa« if water 8lake^26 ponnd. of'J^^^^^^^T^^/' f « ° In anothJrCef contains two pound! of 1 2 Totlke IffZtu Jf f .^^'^ «»"«« «' '^i. copper sulphate solution and two of the lime SS.^^'' ^°Y ?*"°"" °' <>»»« not being sufficient lime, try the tMt aI^arfl«.P i^T " t'*^ **°°*'' "^"t there ^;... np .be ...„n.'.^4r^ri"^^' ;::r iSd°t„?°:2r t^^ the plait. A grit S mo^ nf fT ^ '^* * '""' •"'^ "«"»«» on eveV/pMf of applied in this^intt^i'al'^^rvS^^^^^^^^ '^ '^« P'-'-^en falls to the ground is lost ^ material, as every drop which the mixtures act flh«m{«-ii^ -- *{.- " '^e oucne. ihw » important, an «om« ««• ,r„„j „„ ^jjjj iiiesai 01 the pump. " ' "" lU. The oMt of iprayioff with h».^^ . ■P'*^*"*' the entire ^n .hou.d not exHl ^"^^5?^ "^ ^''^'^ -Pple t^ t^ TREATMENT. 1. Applb. Z«a/ 6^ open. Curcuh First Rj Mne linen or nedeSSd to S^h**';?^" T** » -P^y^^ «« ^7 nntil the end of Jane, and veSlte In ti;^. ""'*!; T^"'^' •'terw.rd, lost heavily. The .cb applaud I^xtw •DoffoldH'' :^' ^^ ,"■• '"** •'] '•»* «P«'i«°e»tal orchard. werJ^v^n norJrrSn^ofTta'rirwhet tht"°* T''' '/ "P*"^*"*' ^'P***'"^ - *»>• regular .praying ^.Tn^. over ^ "°°''°"' '° P'°P*«'^ '°°« •"«' '^' in .hIu.*!!!'^''*' ' *''*'?'' """"P '^ 'PP'®"' *^ '•»« ood»ng moth i> bad in yoar orchard S .t SJ^ S?/'Sf ""^ ^""J-g^V^^nd the tl.. Make ther f om foar* l^k cartete coar'J Z ° • '^J '""^f: *•"*'''• °' "*y ^'""^ °' °'o*»'- OW bags. h^yeb^T^A^i^ ^"*' °' any kind will do. Bands of straw and tow eLch trrtJr^ r # ""T '"?*"* ^^* fi"* ^^^l' »»» J"°«. bind one aronnd smIlndlB rk«l/T '"*' ili^"" *?^ ground ; secure it either with cord or an dinarv «WK °*. ^''^'^ I'^T ^^'^ •°'» '^'P >° ^^o' ^»t«r. or put it through from t ee to tl S"^*^''' J^^^h niay be attached to a wheelbarrow and tJkfn rrom tree to tree. Have suflicient pressure to crush all insect.. ages were'nI«n?li°''P~"°° """^^^^ °' ^^^'^ '''^^^ "'««'. on which band- Jthe bark alder tlTS ""'' '?r^n"°^P' '" '*»« ^"'^^Se^' •"^^ >° «^«-i««- deoosTdna ?.«''r°** °' "^'il' 'PP®*'" **^"* '•»« ^i*"® apple *'««» bloom, anu .^ an deposit ng eggs as soon as the apples have formed on any part of the aoDle or on the eaves or stem. Each moth lays from 80 to 100 ews The eir^^kvinl w" kMhen ,M« '^Ik^*^ ''l'^ **»f "PP^^' '^«^« »' •^'""'>« from three^to four trrnsformatU taJ K- ^PP^^ »"d locates in some suitable place to pas. tie S of tTe trP« frn^ "l '"v"'°*"y '1°^«'" °' ^"^ *»•« •'devices of thS coarse rubbish whoever? cln'rVVT'- Y '°'"""'"«" '"^ '«^««''. buildings, or which ii JnS^T- t!! ^°** '^^'**'"- '° °°*^ '^ay »t constructs a cocoon in thr e wLks a oatnril TkP"P* '"T" ^""^ '^'' '' ««'«''««- ^^ 'rom two to remain!!?!.! ^ "°l** P^P*^** *° ''^P^a* '*« Hfe history The latter broods remain m the cocoons in the larvie stage until the following spring. 2 Pear. L'-a/ blight, scab, and codlmg moth, the same treatment as for the apple. 3. Pldm. Curculio, brown rot and leaf blight. onen.^'"* "P"*^*"* = Bordeaux mixture and Paris green before the flower bud. M' 6 4. Peach. ^ m ■praying p^»-u ._ - " ■trength maj b? ai onlySalfgtreogth. Ib ■»» • — u* uiixcure. ' — 8" '"* aungur- 5. OHBRRr. Heoond iprajinff • fioFfi.».w • . whale-oil soap. 6. Orapks. «^'4t ™^J^' ""'^^•""••^ ••-'»• 7. Raspbbrhv. ^'^'f'*^'*'' ^^'/'Wi/?*^ and saw./ly larva: M the pntaJs 1 to ten days Jr. ke BordeftDx of diifigur- " xture full jgina aae it * »re one rers have f ten to Pring, or blo«or;pen'.'''''"«= '^^'*«*- -'«*»- -cl Pari, green .bout whon fir.t Third .praying : Bordeaux mixture when the fruit i. gathered. 8. Currant and GoogiBBHKV. Womu and mildew. M'2e'?:;Ce-.S:r"" "'''''•*^^ ^^"^^^ fixture and r.ria: Seoond spraying : The same ten to fifteen davi later For worm, alone, hellebore or ParU green will be effective. ■oon .green a.. 9. Tomato. Jiot and blight Spray with Bordeaux mixture, a. aoan aa mt »* ki;-t.«. lime., if neoe««ry. at interval, of ten ^ftSn^U "«-' •PP**'"' ''"^ "»"« 10. Potato. ' Blight and bwtlts. 100 X^^L)^"^ ««».-«<«,« tk. b«*I« .pp«, (on. p<,„na „ u»hi?!S ""*'"°* ^ '"""*" """"" '-"^ •^ «^ -"•» P'""* •" rix SftJal^Tl'n^"""^' "•"'"" ■^"" " tow,.!. .1 to, t, 11. Oabbaob. 12, Strawbrbrt. The nut or Uaf-bligfu. '»tt.T?x -lucjr uogui CO roaxe rannerti. •- t^ts. k \ a Tie foil ,i '"•'f RfOUS INSRCTO. • "rrr ''• -™ - •- „^^^^ wuiwr ; (/, cocoon. ' Tent 0»ter,.ill», Moth. Theae inaecta w*a». i -are laJ • «M.'~200 to 300 Piilar- grow rapidly 11 "•''"'• haa a whit- o* • J^' ^*»«ncana and%rA ^- "P "^"'^^ *J>« back. t'ht^drrrrcsnr^^^^^^^^ — « r> r*""'.""'^ "Wges of the inaecfH when full of caterpillar ?%**«. *''""«'■ « '^mter 2 Or, k . mixture. ^'P'""-"- 3. Appl, p.^, ^^^^ ^-^ LeTj^' J' '«"*, " They !«>'. C^iwTjr' '^7 r«'«« -""rin/SkeSnt™"" '" "« IS •' "hi. p„w «.,,, -^tnSi.lt.rHTir^"' ""' ^«i«^» .ntat* 9 •^ota thtt are ng M directed ' treatioff for oticide. atica. Moth. '•ave large of the apple "age feeding the trees. plum and 100 to 300 apon the Qd can be ™*ny of deatroyed Fhe cater- imtrieana the back, of white re rcadiJy ch other, ^n moths, epreaente fi insects, " tents " 'ordeaux the egg Spring, ^•iting i>iztnre CodlinjT Moth : a, burrow ; 6, entrtnoe holo (/, pupa ; c, i»rv» ; f, moth. The egg. of thia tiny moth are laid on the leavea and items and sometimes on the hatched the Urva barrows into the.pi.le li^'tJ' '*?'^" .""*" '""7 developed.' Affected apples fall to the ground, and often contain the worm in them. The cocoons are frequently under the bark and in other sheltered spots. The moth appears about the time the tree, are in bloom, and is one of the worst pests that attacks the apple. When the blossoms have just fallen the calyi leaves are widely opened. It is claimed by some of the best authorities :?r *: l," °"' ***" ^*'»'>^« 'o deal an effective blow at the first brood of larva- of codling moth, which usually enter the apple at this point. The trees should be tiro? pln'7^^^ rit t tLTi ''''' ^'^ ^'r^"' '^'^^ '*»- '»>•' * 'I-- followeSb/rJuittrb^r^^^/f^^^^^^^^^^^^ BoVZux Jin*"^"* i''^ '*"^" •PP'*'« ^»>i«h ""^y contain Urva. 2. Spray with Bordeaux mixture and Pans gree.. as directed fJr the treatment of the aJpTe «3. Cankbr WoHMB.-AnUopt«ryx vernaia and .1. iwmetaria. iES^ itaia ioqJ**® "P.u°* °*°''®'' ^*""'°^»«^"ycommonin ■Kl) Kj-gg /H*^«> Both worms are much alike, about an inch ^^S^ C^^9 '",°8' °' * darkuh brown color, slender, and move • ^ • ''''^ * hoop-like motion, hence, sometimes called ' measuring worms." They can drop from a tree by a silken thread. _^ A. vertiata, the moths, appear in spring: the -./ female is wingless, the male is ash colored and has Canker Worm (f) and ew« (a, L c ) ""'T' ^' ?'''!^S"« ,1" '"""^ ^^^ ""«• *«>* t^e both species craw, I ^the truTkt VoTy" '" '''' '*"• ^'^ ''^'^«'«" ^"-'^ ^ their eggs upon the twigo. These insects attack the plum, cherry and apple. The accompsnying cuts illus trite A. vemala ^ Remedy— The females may be trapped •7 putting a band of some adhesive ma-erial around the tree. Canker Moths a. male ; b, female. 10 apple, if nZ ^n^time^'^u^f''^ '"'"^d^. " directed in fK . oiices of PrrisV''"^: " **>« ^on This insect aZrg'^Tu'' ^'"'■^°''''^-^2'''^««i^;^o;«or«,„ June. The vnm,» i- '»*«»nnmg of ' viBible ; they eefk tL"' •''"o-t in- young twigs. ;C\ie; ^'1 '^^ •nd continue to sttotfiT/j?^?® ^*«*'' t'^'gs. Soona^ur®-'"'*^'«>"»the 5. Pbar Tbbk SLnn *• • "■-' "«• '%. v.ri„„, .te„. The imaffo ia r am.n « ™ "^o weeks. /ace of the leaf. J? ,?, **". °PPO' Bur- ^ ^medi,.^8ptBywK with Rn,^ '*""°« ^896- ^" ® common 11 8?x wS ^"rL^t P^°™'' P"',/°*° **»« «'°°°d. where they remain for about stout bodr Vhe beetZ hfde th!l T"*^"*'-- ? ^*« * •^"^'^^ snout and a upon the cherry, peach, and even apple. The ^"only ""^ '^' ''"'' '°' about eighteen ieWy.-.! Jarring the trees mornin* and ^nH*- J^'f.'*"*r«'"'»°y beetles will* drop and may be coUeoted upon a sheet placed belo*' they SS "^"""^ *•'' *^«'^'«'* Pl°°>«»« 3. Spray with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green as directed for the treatment of the plJm as the petals fall, and repeat about a week after. thecSteroCnt^to^^^^^^^ •'id water until it has four galloroTmUture Innv wl l^^''^ "'."'^"'^^ ^^^^^^^ »«id to each to where t^e iXjSn thet^u^nk t b /J^S '° '^^ ^'^ '"u'" *»»« ^''"b' ^^^'^ Httle t» make a perU for^ly 1^^^^^ olTunt^ ^°"^' ^^'^ * H. Odbrant Worm. _JV«ma and c. beetle; -i, e^g laying on plum. Currant Worms and the Saw Flies to which they change. 12 larva, when /„n '"*'."' *^°"t ten days and th« L ^®*''**' '" •'°'^8 »long j^g . • ^^" representa the pupa con- Sm,dm.-.i Hell.lv, "'■'"'"'"'"onocoaTOnce. ,,. 2- P.ri. ween for tb, arst bjll^ 'V " '"" P"*» °' A""- 9. Ohapk-Vx^b B««tl«.>^«,,,,« .A«/,6aa. «r.A '^'*®./8«« a*"© deposited on the nnder side of the leaves Th! arva ,, ,,„, one-thTd "of "i, Sack h5; ^'■^'^^i'^' '^'^'^ Bevera^ black dots on the body. The ho.fi^^®u°'*«° " * small, polished b-tle. about one-fifthoranth S ^ l'*"*^^ **>« winter in 5!^. *'^'. '■°°**' *»»d is ;epy destructive in the spring to tie young bud., and after^rds. Jn the larval condition, to the leavi Jiemediea.—l. Paris green water, or combined with Bordeaux rt^fth-e^;r-^--- g vines ,n the morning and collecting the beetles. ^ Plftt-He»de core-, Chtysu to. Fabr : a, Ii 7 bushel, It in rows along appear. The ^1 of a green- )on, of paper- dried leaves, he pupa con- ge has been c, with acme Both have It maj also ir. to continue 13 10. Round-Hbadbd BoBmSaperda Candida. tree. ^ Th^ST iri'^^J.Xu^^^^^^^^ ^ 5^.°' "^^ '-"^^ »' '»»« -PP'^ aboatthree years Td?veToJlJiJ,iS*°''Jr ^'^^ **»* »""«'• "^d tikes 8haUowoavities"filLwrth L.i r?-?' "" >*"* sapwood, where it forms flat, bark and indiS'te X^ the .^^^V- 'T^^^ ^^«^ *™ °'*«" »«««» 0° *•»" cut3 a passage UDwlXlnJJf 1,1 T!, " 5* ''°f''- -^^ ** '«•«»>«« maturity, it parage upwards into the solid wood, and then curves towards the bik l( iir, ftound-heiKled Apple Tree Borer. Saper^ ,aniuia : «. larva ; 6. p„pa : c. beetle borer, which alsS affects thTapplet^ ' distinguuhes it from the flat-headed 11. Flat-Hkaded BoRKa-CAry..io« roundhSd borer. It outs flat channels in the sapwood a»^ WkSXt^ *'^ '"^' Caatin«san5dSSw bark indicate Its presence. It finally bores into the ■olid wood, and becomes ^pupa for about two Xka s'oiwJ^T?^ T ^" ^•'"S^ -^bont half a^Tnch W; somewhat flat, and of a greenish black color. wSh three raised lines on each wing cover. The WsTnd under side of the body present a coppery histre It»med%«a.-l. Examine the trees in autumn and Flat.He«led Apple Tr«. ?'_*K l,^™'." * ""ff wire may be nushed in anTw! 7^°vIl ^^y^f^if^ru femora. »»f^» «"ied. or sometimes the larva can bs cnf" nnf .,. • . .b^ ..^e b,.o. ,i„ -."p^- rrb'srrtb': ^A« adult insect.— In thin *nr«. *k • Jtrikingly „.e„,ble, . oioS. . « with twenty-five as it i. m«,I » ^-^^ °' ''*'«»'• "stead of anditwina'lso£,rthe^SU!^^^^^ '^« P^-Ph^. to hatch just as the leav^ a« °"®*^'*;. ^^ **>« nymphs begin begin spriying"^ X^^JZll^^^^^'^^'Tu " ^^'^ «•"« *<> State. Where they arenumeLn. «"»"/ the time in this will be necessary rA«^^° ^ * "^°°*^ °'" 'hirr* . >raying much more difficuh. to fight the insect U J. f^}?^^' I* " when the tree is in full mLo^Ja / ^^ '**® nummer, covered with honeHew.wftchfor"ri°' '^' nymphs ar^ "..folding leaves in the snrini^n^ . ^®"' ^PPe*""^ on the ^^' ^ venUhedevelopmen^^S '^^'^ ^«°'' *° ?■•«■ "'"'Xl;^.'""^' to the trunk ons of water ; !cond applioa- bingbruah to re forms are color, with een with the J they gradu- liown in the Bd. A very »n nymph is side of the ^ the insect lay harvest- is crimson e abdomen, lump like a len termin- ment from copnlating the female 16 trankYl^/f'"'"^^ Bulletir 44 we suggested that a thorough washing of the S fi "*^'. u'*'"'^'" °' *^^ ^"^^ '"^ '''''^^ ^^^ kerosene emulsion (at ir JnUo^I'^T ^tr^^*?®)' °^ » »t'-o°g «o»P solution, would destroy many of the adults in hibernation m the crevices of the bark. It is reported that a SriL°l ^*P '°'°.'''°'^ *"" ^J" *•*"' ""«'* ^^••y effectively in New Jersey. We be.feve it is a practical method, and should be practised iJ infested orchards. 13, BvD MoTB.— Tmetocera ocellana. Thiii insect is found attacking both leaf and flower buds upon the apple, and sometimes proves very injurious. The halfgrown larva winters over, and appears <0. . . '^ spring as a small brown caterpillar, just about the time the buds begin to open, and feeds upon them. It measures about half an inch when full grown. By rolling up one side of a leaf, and securely fastening it with silken threads, it forma I ^ J, * *°be in which it enters the pupa stage, having ^ a tube in which it enters the pupa stage, having ^W K» lined the little chamber with a closely woven layer ^/ of silk. This condition lasts ten days. The imago Apple Tree Bud Moth. Tnietocera^^. * ^?*" '"^''l' "Sembling the codling moth in oeellana ; a, moth ; 6, larva ; c. **^® *"*** form. It IS of an ash-gray color. The Jaa^' ^u u- a • '5°"' 'V"** *^*^® * whitish-gray band across the middle ; the hind wings are a dusty brown. The expanded wings measure half WaJkbere Tuds *"'*'''' ^^^' '^''"°' °^^"^' ^""°® *°*^ ^'^^ ^'^^' *""* -Smsdy.— Paris green added to Bordeaux mixture as directed for the treat- ment of the apple. 14. The OrapbLbaf Hopper or THRiv.—Erythroneura vitia. h. *h?'TtfV*°'^*' ?^°°' an eighth of an inch long, of a white color, marked by three dark bands, i« sometimes troublesome on grape vines. It feeds upon uV^'^. ? ?^*' '''*^." '*'"*"y °P°" '*»« underside of the leaf, wherVit IS ditfacnlt to reach in spraying. Rwi«dy —1. Remove faUen foliage at the close of the season, so that the insects cannot find shelter during the winter. . •" kiwc wie 2. Spray with kerosene emulsion dUuted with ten parts water, or with whale-oil soap solution, on the under side of the leaves in the cooler pirt of the 15. Red 8vwKti.—Tetranychm telaritia. The red spider is a very small insect-a true mite— and in some places is I^fn,. «i7i,riL"=;r*-, 'Z '"""** •''"''" "' '"" P^*^'^^ awcackea, and causes the color of the leaf to change from green to a grayish white. It flourishes in a dry J I ' % 1 '■ 1' i . .^^^Bi 16 16. PlAHT LlOR.~ Aphidw. TW1J;;^^17 ?e:rr.ullS,g' irr^'ji^"'^-' -^^ P^-*- -^ tree., especially injarioua to the kpplc tie? Ae L- T"". '?'"'"• ^^*" "^^ » cracks of the bark of the t^« a»S aronnd 2i\7 ^^^j**** *" '*»« autumn in • greemA color, but grow gSaaliv darker ^tult ^^«" deposited they are , They hatch in the -prl^ Just .. tht b„T "^ "^ ' '*"'""« '^°''- locate themselves upon the buds Ind unL SJ *"I 'T?""«' •"'' '»>« «°y "ce which soon curl over them, miking it d'^SoS? ';°**f™'^« °' *»»• young leaves. tobac'STl'^fn sTin «X HceTt«t°L-^^"'^^^^ ««•? «>l««on or a of them, as these sulMitanceskUlonlXSontio^""* ""^'°' *° *""°^ ^^•"y^"' 17. Thk Clovkk MiT..-i?.y,W,^,,,„„>. ^^„„. orotcps."a?d*JLe'Ss' J!,tri *^« ^nmche^ around the round, leddish eggs. These ie* the ei« of thi'T '""'^ °' "*^«' ^'"■««. numerous in some Ontario orchards this f^rrJ! ^'u "l'*^' ">** *«» ^e*; of May Their presence on the uIvm of frni.^ "'**" ****'*» *^«<^ ^^ -"onth unhealthy yellow appearance ^""' ''*«' °"W" *hem to assume an prL i?af t^^^^^^^^ it is reported as one of the cherry, etc. "* """ *'««>. wch as apple, pea?, pe.ch. plum, t'^'^fX^^^ the tr^s in winter with any of the remedies given for plant Hce ***" **»*' *'*^« ^-'^hed use ■ INJUBIOUS FUNGI. the ^'entjoffl^^^Tr^^^^^^ '-«? ««t affect the products of tion of Bordeaux mixture/aJX^'^J" '"^^^^ °°"*""«» »>y the pro.ir appMca 7or«bIe to its rat the plant* good resnlta. t8 and tree*. phia malt, ib e autumn in ted they are blaok. he tiny lice rang leaves, ey multiply and young 'odncts of r applica- 17 The uraal life-hiitory of a narasitic fungus is, that it ariaea from a RDor« whioh i. micnHKK>pic ; this germinates and gi?es die to hrSl7ikrSrnct^r^ which penetrate the plant upon which the Jungus growrand SrivM it! no^J^I? Jlani SuSTeT ""' ^"""'"'^ '"^ °°""""^ *• ^ ^"j°"°« *° *»>« ^^^o^Z 1. Apple Spot or Scab.— /Wic^arfmm (f«n;,y<^A/Aora infuian,. •ffectingVe ?S^*'*^^' *^» P^*"**. commencing with the leave, .nd finaUy 8. BLAOK.K»oT.-Pfo..nVA<»' this wet, rater wont Treei in !ZSj. J. ' "*".'"' '"^ '"<' «"d hr more intelligJJSJ ".n "ho .veSTor^h^tS ° v"""" '"' ^ ™'«- Uken. W have bee„UL »A.X ^^he'^J^'hlrd i^M SeS"l7 ^ ^ It h» l»,n .prnyed from .he fi„t with in.«,ticid.., ZiZtL^. state., on th.p3c^"MSnJ,dInf^.''"'S''"' ',? "" '""*•"' ltaid"'d*:L '^ ""«'^^«''»^^"iISt°manrSr^^ STTT black and decaying, are oharactenstios of this disesiie iC TT^ v!« ^ more prevalent on mature than on young tr^rSie i Sfn? «"?i°"l?** exempt from the attack OM .». -« j * i ? "*' °®*°8 evidently .h«.gUriftySl':'^'ior°ta.5^y^S'.,12'kt' ■^' *• '•™ *• "^ /<• Z»/« ZTMtory.— Inveatigationa of the nature and life hi.t«rtr «# *k been found on twigi of lome quinoe trees that srew bv ih« «M« ^"T J?"'^"^ «.bo»gn u»e infury wa. dight The canker hM alio "beTnloiiror; qS i 3 ic 20 trre'L^orhtappl'?^^ -cl effect being „„eh dobg wriou. damaged Cuwoi^Sh oTT'"" W "Z ^ »'"">dant and these different .peoiea of trees ia the .am« l„f ^ 5*"? this fungua occurring on rot of the fruit ' ^«»«» «« the lame and identical «ri(h the common black fruit 6t'^Zm 'ro';^ttra'nrdoT'"";i '' "^ ^^-^^ *•>•* • -ll-known Blaclcrotofthefiihoflp^fe;^^^^^^^ l^i^« '««• themaeW:; deaux mixture, and there ^rni^^ntoZtS X-^'^f '". °5~*^ "''»» B°'- fail in thia caae. Orcharda that STbeen weU anrivi!" '.^"l^^if^-gicide will for several year, paat, are much freer hZ Tifi T^^ T"*' Bordeaux mixture with fungicide.. The dZ^Ze^lT^Zl ^'T"^ ^^ ^^°^ "°t «P«yed the rough bark, till it ^l^r^nTnTinl^o tL'"*'^ '"*''.'"'* '' "^^^ ^* «» venting the formation rfthfa bark b^^J^-LSn^?^^ • ?' "'"oving or pre- one favorite breeding plaS of thb^nd^Z^SS. fJ'""^ with Bordeaux mixture, By keeping the ««£ Jtoteoted^th Bo'X^ «?? P'"* *»>'^*«« « removS to fall on them wiU be dert^ Cm.^^^^^ "^^ T"^ *''•' «*>•««» bat lach limbs ahonld ^ r«Zw«-j u "P***" °°** '°""«<* cannot be oared combat appleSnK to. p'r^if,:^^^^^^ *«•• rationarway to Thi. in.;*'be done when^^J fr^"^ .ntSS^'^r" "•?^''»~ - * P •^sj^t-.ttrsStfor ^^^oS^oi.:zz'^^ -^' - - -- Jan. S:?^95T"'^ ''^ *^« We^ternl^^ p„H Oro.el' IZuL. Probably no other fruit grown in Ontario so often disappoints the well- grounded expectations of the orchard- mL*i T the peach. The location T^* J favorable and the soil well adapted and perfectly drained : the wood may be well ripened and go into winter with abundant promii of a bountiful crop for the next season : but when the enterprising grower, endeav- oring to ascertain the prospects for a crop, goes to the trees in January. Feb- J roary or Maroh he often finds, on cut- Whitten). ° "nwwtened bud,. (After the bods ara affected in this way and there i. vitality enough in the bad. to hl^TSxlH'^'^- ^'^"^- .^"^""'«' Miuaom oac sut w sea tne fruit, thus SI rftei'tl.«?TSSl'';±* *l!' »>0Pf'];l grower. ThI. 1. dae to the freezing of the bud. after they have been stimaUted into growth by % few briaht warm da«> Fvlrl w^the7^lTu ffi^^"'' «ero; while bad. which have been expo«rf to wTr m weather will be killed by • much higher temperature. Many experiment, have ^ e™„*. ' T"°"* thi, difficulty, but have been abando/ed arinZctuaCo; ^r it'^M I^«; r^r;^ ^'ff "•"• ^"'''»'^« '»''' ground under the tX alter it wa. frozen, w a. to keep the root, dormant wa. tried and abandoned when It wa. known that the bud. would .well and even wonndwiruS condition., while the root, were frozen and dormant. ^ ful bS*o?no1!r«*»!;^?'^''*^"'lL'°'* ^*y'°« ^°^" °' *">« "«• '^o" •" -°cce... luJ, but of no me to the grower from a commercial point of view. ♦^ -fj''**®! J*"°P«'»'o'^e^"eldom rim. high enough in the .hade, daring the winter to .timulate tiie growth of the budi. The problem thu. waa/how effeothrdi aS cheaply could the bud. be protected from the direct ray. of the .^n t '^ With thi. problem yet unaolved, we heard that a mrle. of ezDeriment. wafa ^^f Twh'^^..'*!*'' Agricultural Experimental Statio? at TlumbT mTi^ Bouri, in which the tree, were whitened with a lime wash. he.t^n*S!!!7''*"*^'i whitening the tree, would prevent them abwrbing i!^ J .«W "°,°! ^^l^ ^,^ '*»•* '^'^y ''o-W remain dormant durini th! winter and blo«,m later, thu. al«> being le.. expoi«d t« froet. in the early iring A test wa. made to ■f e a a.certain the amount of heat abwrbed by different colored object, of the Mme texture. It wa. found that on dull days, or when .baded, no difference existed, but when expoMd to the .un- light a marked difference appeared. Frequently a dif ference of lOdeg. or 16 deg. wa. indicated, and when the Bun wa. very bright there wa. n deg. difference be- tween the white and purple thermometenL The theory looked aU ^"^^ right, and we decided to put ^"if""" «| unwhitoned (a) and whitened (b) buds of Heath ........ _ . f Chng Peach, taken March aoih, 1896, showing that the nnwEitenedbuihadBwoUenand grown considerably wd had an imperfect pistil, while the whitened bud was nearlT teoTrfas.'^ ' perfect.pistil.-WhitteD. Mo. Exp! it to the test We mlected 100 young and vigorous ♦^rees of the following var- ieties : Stephen's Rareripe, tYemt^?^:^ ^1?^ .^^*«^i*»' ^'^7 Rivers and two seedlings, and gave them a good whitening, going over them twice, late in December, ^aifrn s JonditKand wehiwi Wr crop. Sderin J the JirK "'"" '^'''^"^^ in.plendid tTu ?°''«^". ''e ihail try J^a thi. wfi?* j'^^ '^"•^^ "op of the previoa. In the latter part of Decembe^we tuJ Tnr- * wu** u"' P^g^^ine is aa foTlow. loa. of water and akJm miJ^r JuuiS f ' ;i*»L^ *•' '^'lowing .olution TcTa'- f>H copper .alphate 4 Iba, «Jt 6 IbT " w ^*^'" "^ A'th being milk if pi. %^ fol ow with the Mme mixture onl» omfe '^"f»f ' '^•' "°°° «« t^i. i. dry we ,^" *J>«tree8 whJn'j -^ «, ,i,K'r „^*i. Bo«^« .praying., .,^.^, . cu iT^^^^^U^J "*"^ « addition to the ^ted by a nnmber r-j p, '>iaent fr^ »: K'^ond. The orchard wm J^itland, W. M. Orb. (Reprinted from the Canadian i7or/icuftur«A) 4t>iS^ t8 I stone lime, I • Bordeaux to the tree. OQ them all ted; bot it > in aplendid the previoag ' aa followa : ion : 4C gal- nilk if poi. le whole to ■ is dry we . We will rithont the bat ehoald kpplicAtion 7, and for with Bor- ' of three Mth cases ranide of Riued no ily with to broad as the '8 whioh Q to the ird was >Qaand ise onlj d May. •tit.) SOME BENEFICIAL INSECTS Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. CoLEOPTKRA (Deetlet). pu .man insects and the eggs of larger species, and are **'*• *• Fig. 6. Yig 7 F Fig. ». Fig. 11. Fig. 10. JK.";l.f^r'i«' (?«l3). Two..potl«l Ud,.blrd (Pi,. 4V n™,™™-. ,... . I -ii ,24 '^^'irevfklnMehel^Zf^ u'J''}'^"^*'" ^"^^fi through thiKnMs «J the Calosoma we c^teZvS^ SZ^^'^S"'''^'''' ^^\. ^*'°«« ^'^^^^o known of ikeir food. Two valulwe 8d^"^1S rZ^T' ^^^"[^^"^^^S trees in search or Kery Hunter, which ma/liCayr^oSnSr;^' **"" ^■'P'>^^> Glowing the bod,. 4^^^ the r^tof are also bfJeficrrthlSuur^^^^ Thfr^'"*. ^> ^^>' ^^ ^'-^'-*- TiOEE Bkbtlbs mTl2^^^^^^ The former IS of a pitchy black color, the or^hardi., and JIZ l^^^ o^kS: aT^uirrir ^ '"•"''' *^- *^ Fig. 12. Fig. 18. i Fig. 14. Hymknoptera (Bees, Wcups, etc.) insectrS^ riX~~?he "^bSterZ Th "°'"5°'' PJIT^**" °' "J""""" vary much in size, some £a .^vrli^ ^** • "'?*'"'• ^^^ ^•"O"" species form. (See Figs.'u and iS* Ti^ir^" '"^ ^'"^^ ^f'* ^'^^^ ^^ °»"°te '''''^ **^j/^,?r?''?'--"^°'°«*^°»«' alw c»"ed Ichneumon flies. Fig. 16.- ily^'J'**^ ^»y« eggs in the bodies of sphinx lwv» The they leave it and sTn" hrllL^'J'r' 'T '^'°" **"« -terpilW Irishes egg like bodies/sZSuW nJt t^^d^ enierge= ^ disturbed, as adult Miorogaster* wiU soon I thegronnd, Dgh the grais. pon the larvfe beetles known raes in search tted, Glowing lish or copper utifui Bodied d the rest of I Pteroatiehm lack color. rmer than to -^ ( injurious >a8 species I of minute ith a very ^th yellow emus motb mon flies. irvsB. The ur perishes sk. These will Bonn 26 Aphidiua infests plant lice, but it is too small to be readily seen. Macrocmtrw (Delicate Laoe String) is parasitic on codling moth, etc. (Fig. 16.) Chalcids or Chalois Fubs.— Small and parasitic.^^ One species infests the cabbage butterfly, and others many troublesome larvse. Ybspid^ or Wasps.— These may be placed among the beneficial insects, as they subsist chiefly upon injurious forms. Fig. 17. Fig. 16. Fig. 18. DiPTBRA (Fltea—Ttoo-toinged). TACHiNiDS.~The Tachina flies are larger than house flies. (Figs. 17 and 18.) As valuable as the Ichneumon for parasitizing caterpillars, grasshoppers, etc. Eggs are laid on the surface of caterpillars, and the larvse bore inside. Cut worms are especially attacked by them. Many Tachina fly larvoe prey upon saw-fly larvse. Eriatalis preys upen aphids. Pranachua, with a long tapering abdomen, feeds upon clover midges. i ^ i m 'til 26 pIauU™7FirT5?^s7^"V^~ •" ^«'7 valuable a. .1. • . r... SoLWBB Bal!:^ rl ""**'' «^°««d and^^^^^ feed upon "• -^s^^y recognized. (Pig. 20 ) ^'^ """^^l. Pig. 19. Fig. 20. Fir. 21. Hkmipteba (Bugs). iwTK Of tbe potato beetle. ^ ^ N.™om« (Four-Wing^ f. (2) To c his land in: destroy all 3.-(l) porated vil] payers, ahai provisions c remnneratii his daties, t it shall be t the conncil by by- law aj who shall c appeals shall (2) The such sectioni this Act, ant and powers c inspector. (3) Where daties shall b o' this Act, a pality the ins the powers ol 4. If writt Wack knot ex in such com) examine the f snee of either the owner or < Chap. 280, R. S. 0. 1897. m,^"^ Act may be cited aa The Fellou,s and Black Knot Ad, , 7 . m owners and (i; 10 cut out and burn all black Irnnf tn^^A ^ ^ occupanta of tree, on his iand so often e.^.'t^ ^t IX^Z"^:^ tZ:^'Z ''" destroy all the fruit of tr^8 8?1X^°'^ *" ^^'^ y'"°"«' »"<* '<> po^i^%!^:, ry°td r^T&i'^' o^fTfij^^"-^^'^' - -- payers, shall by by-law annSnl * 'f '**lo*' °^ fi't^en or more rate- jro'visions of ti^&'zt:^^T ::^TT^ ^"'"^r'1 remuneration, fees or charges he is to Sve for iL *^%*°'°°'»t °« his duties, and in case a vacannv bLh ? f '*^® performance of it shall bJ the duty o^ thlcoun Jl to Sf Ti."" ***" ^^.'^ *^' *°«P««*or. the council (in an/munWpairt^^^^ forthwith; and by bylaw a;point';h«e or = pl^s^^^, Se,t'[; g^^) «»»?" "^^o who shall constitute a board of frnit 7r«r^-L ^? ^''^^'^P^'^'^' of this Act and wher^ no ?o^L 'I^P""*^" »? «^^o»"«»8 <*« Provirions pality the i^ctor a^iS^td bv^^^^^^ "l "^^^^ ^^ * ">°'»^«*- the power, of^ localt^;rr '^h^ ^hlu^ Ij^it^^^^ ^^« '" bl4 ll^extts'wSnle^r^^^ '^^''' *»»»' ^^"ows or in such <^p:^^T:;V):^S^^:LV7^ l-aUty descnbed li Appointni of inspectors and board of fruit tree inspection. Duties uf county inspector. in such oomnlaint with r«»ao««7Ci''' — "i*-'" '"' 'wamy aescribed snce of either diflAAOA ho o>..ii : "" yy. T'" " 'a^-MJuya or ine pros- Inspector to procesd upon plaint. Inspector to Moertainand report «8 to exMtencs of diseasea. Report to Minister of Ajfrioulture. Appeal to board of fruit tree inspec- tion. Notice of appeal. Notice to board to attend and examine trees. Examination by board. Decision by board. 28 of this Act. treeB m the maimer provided by gection sl thi^rit!\y t«o^,fYnBtc^^^^^ every inapeotor appointed under whether U^erTtheiiSmrAtiLS*^'"'^^^ '^' *° M municipality, and to rZTtKn a^ W?" ^"^ "^*'' *" M mumcipal council, and wCver is: V^^^^^^^ to the either disease he shall oroceed in fhl a- ""™®<* " **»e presence ofl complaint nade under ?rt.^4 of ti«ri\"'^^^ " ^ '^^ <>''' wardS^ ^y'^JrcleSr T'ih "P"''.^.' '|?« '^^*-- «hall be for Agricultum *^' municipality to the Minister of appeal thewfromfwiThK ten 3^1 l.'^!;?'lu'^ °/ *^" ^«'' °^*y of fruit tree insp^ctiJi^AttunS^^^^^^^ *'^'*^' *« '^« ^^^^1 4? J^VoZ^°n'Srto"'t1P'^""«'.*'^r^«^ «»««^<» *«» examination of^het^l*^j5.^rr?' **"*' *»« '«^"'«« «» the board of thefruit^ in3«on '^^'"^ ^W^^i^* "made, by hour at which the eiliratTorwm^Slk:^!^^^ ^' *"* ^^^ '^' no[£LL';s;"t:T^'irmS™'o^ s^^ *- ^^^ «- the attendance Ke memZw^rtifi J af '!^^^^^ *i*' ^« ~'1°"» for the examination of the MWfrnt*^*^^ *T.*"^ P^**« *»»•»«' shall be not less tha^thr^JavsaSf, '?*''• *''•'* ^H ^^ ~ ^^^^ inspector and on the ltZt^;X:':o::r^J,:t'^ ^ ^^ memlts^SrJd^L'ltten^aSr^ '^ *?k* "^^'^^^ °^ ^PP-^. t''^ determine whetheror not the ^oHr"""" '^ 'r" *^ *J°«»^^ '^^^ owner or occuilt/undSnLtiof 5 nf r A^*^" ^°*P«''°^ *° '^' and U.e dedsicn of\he s^dtS ^^r If^"^^^^^^^ «'^«" present shall be final. ^^ majonfcy of the membfl» memCag;eti:^^^^^^^^^ ««ned by thei thepersonltSinS^^to^^^^^ ^ «i^«° *« all proceedinrSn^ t J^ IwH^'lf'^'"'' '^^ P""**'"« such decision ' stayed, and if th?Sd bnarST •/' ^""P"?' appealing shall be inspector was' ttX^tn^^nrt. tV^Ia^" ^"? '^ *'^ ceedings shaU be taken thereon.~~ ''^^--ssaFy no lurcher fi<^ 7.-(l) A, by the inspec remain on pit other trees ioi shall upon coi more than $2i (2) Any pe I or ships the fi I tion, be liable (3) Every i required by se ! the duties imf liable to a fine 8.— Every I punished, and and levied, on •nd one-half o I other person h the inunicipali I the municipali 9.— The cot or inspectors ti 29 17 -i ^i.^wt.**'' **!® °''^*' ^^"^ occupant appe»linir if the Wi |(oimd table, reoovembl. m any divWon ooart having JBrwS. I «. t. . fin? .f n,e i« tC. «■; ^t'i.t'.hrtvr™^"' '" 8--Every offence against the provigions of this Act .hall k- tors to perform their duties. in ' I 11 •1 30 ACT FOR THE PROTEOTION OF JNSEOTIVOROUa AND OTHER BIRDS. Ohap. 289, E. S. 0. 1897. ITER MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the W n lalattve Assembly of the Province of OnuSoTl^L t^. 5287tuf. te^ ^l^"p« *f *^^ -^^'^ ^'^t-'^ed Hh*" be held to affect TU On- feoted. '*I^?"'"*^*^'«'''*<^^<'^oftoapplytoanyimi)orted«Mebii^.n,. •n^pouitiy. any bird or birds generaUy known as poaltry. ^ catch, net. snare, poison'. d^ig'o^Terwl^ka'rcJ S7;nT:Sd' «w7\idlLt"/^'*" ^^tS °'''^«' bl«.kbirisl?rgli'h^Sr tTiTyilnUySril^--" '^^-^^^^^^^^^ bird whatsoever, save the kinds hereinbefore or hereinE^i^Sn^^ without such person incurring any liability therefor. ^ '^^ Nest, young 4. Save as in section 6 of this Act crovidpd i« .li^ii «..♦ v i -. i 5. Any p( and carry thi fiaoated. and market clerk oonfisoate. an 6. The chj Game Protec student of or cation and n schedule here in said schedi or exchange any time or e study, withon 7. The per tinne in force issued, and mi for the time b 8.--(l) Th the offender to than twenty d tion or compla (2) The whc convicting just collusion with vhich case the ordinary casea (3) In deftkul be imprisoned ; than two and n ioBtice, 9. No convif in the form the mons or other p iojastice results iOUa AND of the Leg tacts as foi- st The On kge birds or birds or to t shall not ison, drag, oj, wonnd, ) any wild glish spar- Game Fro- purpose of )r destroy, eisg liable ill not be Bfiion anj excepted, I or other id except cilled and machine ther cap- es, crows, ly person be lawful 8i or egg irds, and 81 JlMled, and U»Uve. to he lib«r»trj! . rill's'.'" ** ^f*^ '»■'• •'''»l>l'^' oonflnnte, ud U Mn, to liberate «S bW& ^ """ "'' ««dent of orailholoiti. or bio^otte ~ ?, j . my ormtholoftirt, or l».gT.„ted V ■M,. ,itto« t,. li.biS^Tto^StiS'iC'.dl:; ^: ly"- °' than twenty dollars withTL*. «« °"® *^°"*' ""d not more coUmioB with aod for lk« ™;«™I ^ i ".*''? I»M«!"tioii ii in of ftiw. "Jinaiy OMM ' "" "" "■"P""' «* "» toe M in |,«jn^w.„d».. ..»TBr.rrda^'.f,;e'^^i":,"r 82 Use of poison in Bprayin^^ fruit trees in bloom pro- hibited. Penalties. AN AOT FOR THE FURTHER PROTEOTION OF BEES. Ohap. 282, R. S. 0. 1897. ~ii'J^'*-??"°''u?u''P™y'°8 °*" "P"nklinK fruit trees, darins the period witliin whicli trees are in full bloom, shall us^r cause to b^ used any rnixture containing Paris green or any other poUonouJ substance »n/Mr»0M« to 6«M. * ^ ^' poisonous 2. Any person contravening the provisions of this Act. shall on summary conviction thereof before a justice of the peLe, be Se^^ to a penalty of not less thari $1 or more than «6, .nTorSu costs of proMcution, and in esse of a fine or a fin; and ^stTbK the justice may commit the offende, to the common gaol, there tobe DO NOT SPRAY TREES WHEN IN PULL BLOOM. 1. It is not the right time to spray. 2. It may destroy insects that are then fertilizing the blossoms. '6. It is destructive to bees. 4. Itjis forbidden by law.