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WILSON AND THE BY-LAWS OF THE COMPANY. -- BOSTON: PRESS OF GEO. C. RAND & AVERY, 3 CORNIULL. 1 864. CH EBUCTO GOLD MINING COMPANY OF NOVA SCOTIA, HALIFAX COUNTY. INCOBPORATED ■TODKR THE GENERAL STATUTES OF MASSACIII'SETTS. Capital Stock, $500,000, in 100,000 Shares, of $5.00 each. OFFICERS. President. CHARLES EDWARD POWERS. Directors. CHARLES E. POWERS, JOHN E. M. GILLEY, CHARLES A. PHELPS, HENRY A. MORSE, JOHN LOW. Treasurer and Clerk. JOHN E. M. GILLEY. Superintendent at the Mine. B C. WILSON. ^ OFFICE OF THE COMPANY. Boston, 15 iVIerchantG Exchange, State Street, Y MEMORANDA. ;h. 'S, The Chebucto Gold Mining ('oinpany of Nova Scotia is a corporation organizeil iinrler the General Statutes of the dnnmonwoalth of Ma.ssa- chuf-etts, having a capital of Five Ilundrecl Thousand dollars, divided into One Ifnndrod Thousand Shares of five dollars each. The niiiift is located in the Pruviiiee of Nova Scot'a, and can be reached in thirty-six liours from IJostdU. Telegraphic i-oininunication is open at both |)oints. The projierty consists of ")1 areas of il acres each of Mining Lands, vvhicli are considered Ijy coinpotoiit persons to be etpial to any gold-mining region in the United States or British Provinces. Two shipments of gold have already' been received from the agent ; and the first four days' work, with nine men, yielded over $1,000 in gold. The Company are now prosecuting the work vigorously ; having forty men at work, and expect large shipments by every English steamer. The stock of this Company has been subscribed for investment, and has been divided into small shares (on the European plan), to facilitate small investments in it, by its mining operatives and others, at any future time (to encourage which has always been deemed advisable). The property has been personally and carefully examined by one of its Directors, as well as by two of the largest shareholders, in connection with the professional surveys. The mine is only 12 miles disiant from HaUfax, and is considered by those in the vicinity, well experienced in gold-mining, to be a very valua- ble propeity. it has a cash paid up working (Capital in the Treasury of twknty-five THOUSAND DOLLARS, ($25,000.00). i «-«'. CHEBUOTO GOLD MIXING 003IPANY. REPORT OF PROF. CAMPBELL. Gentlemen : — In accordance with your instructions 1 iiave examined the Chebucto Gold Mining Company property in the Waverley Gold District, which is situated on the borders of one of the chain of lakes that forms the Sbubenacadie Canal, and distant from the city of Halit;ix about fifteen miles by railway, and twelve miles by the Truro post-road, or by the canal. This convenient geographical position is a very important element in estimating the value of mining property, and should not therefore be overlooked. Gold mining localities of no greater value are eagerly sought after in the distant wilds of Oregon, Australia, and New Zealand by thousands, who in doing so forego all the comlbrts and advantages of civilized life, {)ay exorbitant priors for all the material required for mining purposes, for supp.i f; of all kinds, and also for the necessary amount of labor, which may not yield after all more favorable results than can be obtained in the gold fields of Nova Scotia, — where life and property are always secure, supplies of all kinds cheap and abundant, and the price of labor moderate. GEOLOGY OF THE WAVERLEY GOLD DISTRICT. This gold fiield is located on a broad anticlinal, which is the fourth from the Atlantic coast of those great waves that form so important a feature in the stratigraphical arrangement of the gold-bearing rocks of the Province. The strata among which the auriferous leads or lodes occur belong to the quartzite group, and lie in that formation a little over half a mile of ver. ticnil (leptlj below the base of tlio overlying clav-slate group. Tilt; p>neral ntriktj of the rockn of this district in from S. 87° W, to X. 87'' 10., hut in its vvostern end, where the property of the Chebiicto Gold Mining Company is located, the outcropping of the strata on the north side of the axis of the east and west line of uphcavel are tound to curve gradually more and more to the southwest ; as they are traced in that direction, and on the south side of the axis, they will be found to curve in like manner, but to the northwest, until they join those curving from th(i ncu'th side, on the crown of the axis where they form arched beds, which descend b}' a slope or dip of one foot in niju- or ten to the westward. Therefore, all the gold-bearing lodes which have been discovered in the north half of vour property will also be found in their proper position in the south half of it, because the axis of this metalliferous band or line of upheaval runs across the lot very near the centre of it; tiiis circumstance cannot tail in (jreath/ enhanciiKj lt8 value as a gold mining property ; for it gives you more than double the (jxtent of ground along such rich lodes as the Taylor and Tudor Leads or lodes than you could have if your property had been located all on one side of the axis. Near the northern boundary of your pi-operty you have a group of gold-bearing quartz leads or lodes, seventeen in num- ber, ranging in tiiickness from two to six inches, and occupy- ing a belt one hundred feet in width; three of the best of these lie within five feet of each other, and can, thereibre, be mined in one working. At the distance of sixty feet south from this group you have the Tudor Lode, which is ^fifteen inches in thickness, also gold-beai'ing. This lode is worked extensively to the west of your western i>oundary. Xo .less than twenty-live new and. very neat shaft-houses are to be seen ranged along its outcrop ; foui' of the^s are on your property (as I was informed). I should mention that there is a lode lying between the Tudor Lode and the group of seven- teen, but 1 could not lind its exact position on account of ice covering the pits sunk on its outcrop, but I am informed by Mr. "Wilson that it is eight inches in thickness, and that the debris along its outcrop contains much fine gold. At the dis- } 1 tance of one hundred and tliirty feet south from the Tudor Lode you have the firnt of the Taylor Lodes, reached by a whaft eighteen feet deep throuj^h drilt. This h)do is ten iuclie« wide and rl-h in gold: within the distance of forty-four feet south from this you have the ether two lodes named the Tay- lor LcjdcH ; they lie within four feet of each other and can be mined in one working, and their unitc^l width will make tvicn- tif-fourinchei^: one of these yields 2 oz. 18 dwt. per ton. The iirst or moat northerly of the Taylor Lodes yields on average 1| oz. per ton. [ have this information from MV. Wilson, who had charge of crnshing the fjiiartz. All the lodea above re- ferred to have a northerly dij), runging from an angle of 70° to 80° of inclination to the liorizon. The angle of dip of the strata is found to got lower hs we advance sonth or toward the axis of the line of upheaval ; and at the distance of 300 feet south from the most southerly of the Taylor Lodes we find the Graham Lo'le (so-called) di[)ping to the northward at an angle of about 45°, and cruijij»led or rolled into l»arrel-c|uartz, thus indicating very clearly our near approacdi to the axis of the band at this point. The Graham Lode is nine inches wide, and gold-bearing. Mr. Wilson informed me that the quartz obtained from it yielded about 3 oz. to the ton. All the quartz beds or lodes that 1 have examined on your property occupy a belt of G34 feet of strata ; but, as the whole breadth of this belt has not been explored, other lodes may yet be found in it. Whatever numl>er of beds this band or belt of strata mny be found to contain, a band or belt in the south section of the property will be found occupied by an equal number of (juartz lodes or beds; or, in other words, the quartz beds found in tlie north section of the property, dipping to the northward, will be found to be repeated in its south sec- tion dipping to the southward. Of this there can be no doubt, for the reasons bef(3i-e stated. As regards the probability of gold being more plentiful in quartz mined a.t a great depth than in that got near the surface, the following statement of results obtained in a shaft on the Taylor Lodes is of much im- portance. From the surface to a (le})th of 40 feet the average yield was I oz. to the ton. From 40 down to a depth of 80 ^ » 8 foet tho avorac;e yi«'lrty you now hold nt tho Wavorley gold fitdd, but WiiH too hito. 1 would, in conclusion, advJHo you to have tlie centre and south soctiouH of your [)roperty explored as Hoon as possible, lor when rhia is done, if it is done prop- erly, you will iind that your ruining claims are 7iof surpassed m V(due by any (/o/d-mining property iri this Province, and that they will far exceed your most sanguine cjcpcctations, J. CAMPBELL, PROVINCIAL GKOLOOIST TO THE PBOVINCK OK KOVA SCOTIA. FROM PEOF. SILLIMAN'S WVQWi. I Tli(! ♦bllowiii;^' Skctcli is tukon from Piiov. Sillhian's Kkpoht to the Moiit;» This zone of metamorphic rocks varies in width from six or eight miles, at its eastern extremity, to forty or fifty miles at its widest points, preserving in its northern boundary only a rude parallelism with its southern nidrgin. This district comprises about six thousand square miles of suriaco, and may, geologically speaking, be called the Gold region of Nova Scotia. Not that gold is to bo found in all parts of it, but it is not unreasonable to search for the pre- cious metal anywhere within tliis region, where the occur- rence of quartz vcuns — the almost sole matrix of the gold — is shown by boiUders on the surface. 11 It is true that gold has boeu fl)und outside of the limits here assigned, as at the liead of St. Mary's Bay in Digby County, and on Breton Island in Inverness County, and it is by no means impi'obable that these discoveries may extend to the newer metamorphic; rooks in other parts of the province, the analogy of other gold regions leading .decidedly to that belief. A large part of the district named is little better than an unexplored wilderness ; and the fact that the discoveries which have been made are, in a majority of cases, on the sea- shore, where the country is open and the search is easy, by no means diminishes the probabilities tliat continued search in the less frequented portions of the region will be re- warded with new discoveries as important us any which are now known. OEOLOGJCAL AND PHYSICAL CIIAEACTEK OF T7TH GOLD REGION. There is no positive evidence of the geological age of the auriferous rocks of the Atlantic l)order. No trace of a fossil has yet been found in any of the slates or associated rocks. Opinion seems to favor the belief that they beJong to the Silurian age ; but as yet no place has l)een found where tlie rocks next higher in tlio geological column mny be seen resting upon these. Dr. Dawson, in his "Acadian G-eology" (p. 347), evidently favors the belief tliat they are probably raetamorphic Siluri;>n rocks. That the rocks are highly altered (metamorphosed) is very evident to the most careless observer, as well as that they have been greatly changed Irom their original position of horizontality, as s-edimentary rocks, by upheavals, which have tilted them up to a ])osition almost vertical. The same causes have also resulted in the segregation or intlUration of tliij sheets or layers of white and mottled quartz, which are now the gold lodes, and charged the slates with arsenical and cubical p}Tites in all the mineralized bands. The most striking physical feature of this whole region to 12 the eye of a geologist, next, pbrhaps, to the uptiltcd state of the slaty rocks, is the universal evidence of a high degree of glacial action, which has so worn dovvn and polished the rocks that their edges everywhere resemble the leaves of a book which has been cut with a dull knife in the binder's press, in a direction at right angles to tliat of the leaves. Over very considerable ureas, the glacial scouring has been so thorough that nothing whatc^ver is left on the rocks but the groves and striae which accompany their polish. In other cases, the glacial drift is seen, composed of angular, rarely-rounded fragments of quartzite and cla}'- slate, imbedded in a tough clay resting on the surface of the polished rocks. This detrital matter is auriferous, but a large amount of coarse angular fragments of rocks Avould render it very diflicult *to wash, even where it occurs in situations where water could be conveniently obtained for sluicing. The gold which it contaLiis is coarse and angular, often still attached to the quartz, and showing butlitiio evidence ofloug transportation. The "Boul- der Lot" at Slierbrook has yielded a considerable amount of gold from this glacial drift, and is rewarding its owners hand- somely. Probabl}'' too little attention has been given in the province to this source of gold, the quartz veins alone having been the chief object of attention. Everywhere over this whole district, the eye of the ob- server is constantly arrested by the long lines of granitic and quartzite boulders which have been left in trains by the gla- ciers upon the surface of the polished rocks. These at times recall strongly the moraines of tiio Swiss glaciers, and rival them in the magnitude oJ the transported blocks. Some of the most striking cases of this sort which I saw were in the vicin- ity of Musquodobit Harbor, also on the flanks of the Musquod- obit Mountains, and on the elevated plateau l)etween Joddore Bay and Ship Harbor known as the " Barrens." Here the boulders of white quartz are also very conspicuous. Some very striking examples of a like chara(;tcr occur also on the hills north of Oldham, in the vicinity of Gay's River. The general course of the strike of the rocks is east and 1* I I l; west. Between Hammond Plaina and Tangier, for a distance of nearly one hundred miles, this east and west course is so marked that it may be considered universal. This course is not usually over 5° or 6" away from the magnetic meridian, and is usually south by that quantity. But to the east and west of the points named, the strata bend round to the sea, so that the whole system assumes very much the ibrm of a bow, whose arc or string is the coast line, the strata at each end losing themselves in the ocean. Consequently, for a great part of the whole coast the gla- cial scratches, or course of the glacial drift, has been almost at right angles to tlie strike of the rocks. A most conspicu- ous example of this may be seen at the Round Tower near Halifax, where a large surface of the harder slates is com- pletely denuded, and shows splendidly the whole phenomena of glacial action. These facts bear in a most important man- ner, it will be seen, upon the occurrence of the gold. They account, in fact, for THE GENERAL ABSENCE OF ALLrVlAL GOLD. If we consider for a moment the physical and geological features just described, it at once becomes evident tliat the great mass of loose materials which came from the scouring off the country by glacial action has gone into the Atlantic Ocean, where the gold is safely deposited. Sable Island, which by Mackinlay's map is distant about one hundred miles iVom the shore, is a sana-i^pit thirty miles long by about hall' a mile wide, shaped hke a bow, and consists entirely of an accu- mulation of loose white sands. Mr. Canq^bell, the Provincial geologist, informs me that he washed gold from these sands in 1857, and that it was in very small, highly-polished scales, like the tine gold of California; that it came with the sands which it accompanied* from the scouring off of Nova Scotia, no geologist can doubt for a moment. It follows from tliis view of the case that the occurrence of extensive diggings in Nova Scotia is a thing not to be expected. No long Sacra- 14 raento valley hag retained here the ffpoils of the glacial epoch, and the fact appeai'H to have been practically recog-nized from the outset, as comparatively few cilbrts have been made to obtain gold from any source but from the quartz vein. The success following the washings of the .^anda near Lunenburg was, however, encouraging, and there are, doubt- less, places of considerable extent in the numerous harbors and bays of the coast, where auriferous sands exist in remu- nerative abundance. Tlie bottoms of some lakes, which can bo drained, furnish considerable deposits of alluvial gold, and tho same is true, no doubt, of certain river estuaries and marsh lands, which have hitherto attracte'd too little attention. Such, probably, are the flats bordering oti Clicdabucto Bay. CHARACTERISTIC ROCKd OF THE GOLD REGION. QUARTZITE. — The most noticeable rock in the gold regions of Nova Scotia is a darlv gray, almost black, rock, which is called by the miners " V»'inn," or *' Whin," a Scotch term for an igneous rock resembling trap or diorite. The rock to which tliis name is applied in Nova Scotia is in reality a granular quartz rock called quart zite. It is a very hard, compact rock, consisting of grains of quartz or sand consolidated into an ex- tremely line mass. Its lines of bedding are quite distinct, and it has three very well-defined planes of cleavage (one of which is the bedding), by which it l)reaks out into very regular shaped masses, so regular often as to simulate artilicial surfaces. It is usually dark gray, often almost black, in color, but on ex- posure, weathers very nearly white, so that on the surface it presents often an almost glaring appearance in the sunshme. It shows frequently abundant stains of iron, from the decom- position of arsenical pyrites (mispic];el) and yellow iron py- rites, with which it is always highly charged in the metallifer- ous districts. The fresh cleavag-e surfactiS of tho rock olten glisten, as if with scales of mica, but in reahty with the bi'illiant cleavage planes of pyrites. Tliia rock attains an enormous thickness, and is undoubtedly ^ ir> K I 4 the fundamental or basement rock of the rcp^ion. Mr. Camp- bell, in bis Report on the Gold FieUJs, made by authority of tho Provincial Legislature, estimuteB it as over a mile in thickness ; and ho inibrms nie that in the section of the rail- road at Schubenacadio, he has moassured it of that thick- ness. It frequenliy forms the foot-wall of the gold-beaj'ing veins. This rock, according to tho section vvhich Mr. Campbell has prepared, comes to the surface six times between the Atlantic coa.st and the northern boundary of the gold district, say thirty or forty miles. As in each case the associated rocks accompany it, and with them the auriferous quartz, it is plam that if this structure is clearly established as that of the district, there must be not less than twelve parallel zones, at an average dis- tance of not more than three miles from each other, in which the explorer may reasonably look for the occurrence of gold- bearing quartz. My own explorations were not sufficiently extended to enable me to satisfy myself of the accuracy of this generalization, which, rf true, is of the highest impor- tance. Slates. — Of the accompanying slates in which the gold- bearing quartz appears, and of the quartz itself, I shall speak in sutHcient detail under other heads. Nor is it needful to dwell in this connection on the granites of the Musquodobit range or of the Eastern district. The middle districts are remarkable for the absence of mi- ca,ceous scbists, and of magnesian rocks. Not an example of talcoso slate occurs, so far as I have obsei'ved, between Ham- mond Plains and the Tangier River ; but to the east of that point, magnesian rocks make? their appearance ; and at Wine Harbor, the gold occurs in a greenish magnesian rock, closely resembling serpentine or indurated talc. Chloritic rocks appear in the T.-ingiei' district, but they are rare compnrod with the argillites, wiiich form, next to the quarizite, the predominant feature in the geology of the Mid- dle districts. 16 MINING AND DII:VINAGE OF JONES. One peculiar physicul ibaturo of this region, which strikes the observer at once, iind whicli is also connected with ita geological stru(;trire, is the remarkiible number of small lakes. They seem to bo as numerous as the little islands vvhicli dot the shores, or the countless luubors which everywhere indent tliem on the Atlantic border. It appears that these lakes exist in consequence, primarily, of the extreme compactness and tightness of the rock-sl:, sometimes ferruginous, hut not metalliferous, and vvliat a Cornish miner would call " imkindly iljr ore ; '" a well-known example is the cross vein in the Tan- gier set. The second class of quartz veins is the one which I'urnislies a matrix for the gold. They are always parallel to the asso- ciated slaty rocks, and partakraetimes mottled, having the gold usually in coarse, visible particles, and show*ing a decided tendency to crystallization, also, in the associated minerals. Such are the " Negro " Lode, at Tangier, the Montague Lode, Taylor's South Lode, at Waverly, ;uid some of the lodes at Hammonfl Plains. The second class I should designate as veins of a slaty structure ; the quartz being lamellar or fissile in planes par- allel to the bedding ; the faces of the lamina) being striated like the surface of the slates : the coloi being usually dark, sometimes blue or blackish, sometimes ferruginous, and of an oily lustre. The gold is usually disseminated more finely in these ^ ein<, or lies in plates on their borders, and sometimes is quite invisible. Of this class are the Field Lode Copper's Lake, the Leary Lode, and Lake Lode, at Tangier, the 18 J^V Blue Lode at. Okllium, tlio i^maller veins at Wine Harbor, and many others. I( i.s impossible to say t<> wliich class the pref- er('n(;e should ho L^iven, although undoul>lediy the tirst is the one which conl'orins most closely to the cihuraoter of mineral V(Mns in general: but on the other hand, somo ol' the most productive veins in the province belong to the latter class. As regards the wall-rocks, between which the quai'tz lodes are coniined, in a majority of cases, which I hiwc myself seen, the upper or lianging wall is quartzlte, and the lowi?r or foot- wall is blue elate ; sometimes both walls are slate, but I do not find in my notes an example in which both waifs were quartzite. The associated sul[)huret8 as a ruU; s-iiow a tendency in some cnses — perhaps in a majority of instances — to segre- gate on the lower or foot-wall side. In other cases, they seem to be pretty (ivenly disseminated through the body of the quartz. But the gold is almost invariably associated with the sulphurets when it is visible, and most frequently of all with the mispi(*kel or arsenical pyrites, although 1 often saw it with zinc blende, and more rarely with galena. The mispickol or arsenical pyrites, is frequently foinid in considerable masses on the foot-Avall, occurring as bunches, oftentimes of many pounds weight, iml)edded in blue slate, and, as far as I have observed, always auriferous. This is es- pecially the case in the Montague vein at Lake Loon, in the Leary and Negro Lodes, at Tangier, and at the " White Head," at Oldham. Sufficient attention has not been })aid to this feature of the Nova Scotia veins, and there is good reason to believe that in many cases the miners have failed to take down the foot-wall slate when it was pyritous, not being aware of its value, since, by the process of crushing and amalgamat- ing alone, but a small part of the gold contained in the mat- rix can be saved. It demands an entirely difierent treatment. Aviiich will be menti(med in its [)roper place. At Montague, indeed, it is evident to the most uninstructed person that the Mispickel is auriferous, as hardly a lump of it can be broken without exposing scales of th(- precious metal ; and tlie de- i : (1 . l<:;j ' 19 1 tached bits of tho pyrites aro not uul'requcnily hold together by gold-throads, or iittlo veins, which arc occasionally strong enough to require to l)e cut a{)art l)y a ciiisel. As regards the cxt«>,nt of the (jiiartz-lodes and thtiir depth, as well as the unirormiry of diliusion of the gold in tliem, i); may be said that the snraller veins are rarely, if over, contin- uous for any great distance, or more than a few hundred feet. Probably they never run across tlie intervening valleys to reap- pear in the opposite hill-side ; but, on the otlier hund, they aro not uufrequently succeeded by another series; or, perhaps, tho same vein is now shut oil", the slate-walls dividing it entirely ; and then, after an interval, opening again with its former ap- pearance and thickness. The larger veins are, as a rule, con- tinuous for mucl) longer distances, — not alway:^ without faults, as at ''Montague," where there is an olfset of thirty-live feet or more {hut this is common, also, to all the suifUler veins of the set), but the vein as a ^>hole has been opened more than half a mile ; and the more powerful veins at Hammond Plains extend, probably, over a mile, and those at Tangier about lil'teen hundred feet. In depth there is no doubt they also extend as far as it is ))robable they will ever be explorod. As regards improve- ment in depth, it may be said there are numerous examples of several small parallel veins separated at the surface by thin partings of slate, which, at a moderate depth, have been found united into one powerful lode. No doubt the same fluctua- tions will be found in depth which are noticed in width, along the surface line, and the .same changes in productiveness. There is a tendency in particular veins to the accumulation of grdd along certain lines of structure in the vein, where tho yield is much above the avemge ; but in such cases the adjacent parts are comparatively poor. It has been observed that, wher- ever a remarkable nugget was tbund in a vein, the adjacent por- tions were well-nigh sterile at a shc^rt distance from the rich deposit. A remarkable example of tliis occurred in the Barrel quartz of Laidlaw's Hill two years ago, when a mass of the quartz vein of perhaps two cubic feet capacity yielded, as 1 20 r was inlbrmcd. ibrty-livc liunclr(Ml dollars in g<>M, and tlio price of Htock wont lip in a low iiunrs Irom iiv(3 dolkirri to forty dol- lars; but the adjaixMit portions of the qnartz for a coiisiidc'rablo dititanco proved lobo (piito barron. Other ihings lioinp,- equal, thoHO aro undoubtedly the most dcsiraliJe lodes in which there is a moderate amount of gold evenly dill'uHed in a powerful body of (juajtz, which ean be taken (Hit at a. .small cost of mining-, and supplied iu large and steady quantities to the Rtampa. Tn ilhistration of this point I will here quote a passage from a pa])('r on ,^•old mining', by John Arthur Phillips, f]sq., of Lon- don, well known on both sides of the water lor his skill as a mining engineer. This paper was read, May 16, 1800, before the Society of Arts, in London. Mr. l*hillips says (p. 424, Vol. 10 of the ►Society's Journal), — " As an instance of the small yield of gold, which even in Australia, is at the present time remunerative, I quote the Ibl- lowing results of the Colonial and Port Philip Company. It must, however, be observed that, to obtain a satisfactory profit from ores of this class, it i:! necessary not only that large quan- tities should l>e treated, buit also that the greatest economy should bi; observed in every department of the manipulation. ^' The quantity of quartz crushed by this Com])any between October 1, 18G0, and September 30, 1801, was 32,258 tons, from which the produce was 24,330 oz. 6 dwts., being nn average of 15-2 dwts. per trm. The quantity crushed during the preceding year was 21,693 tons, and the produce 17,400 oz., being an average of 10 dwts. per ton, showing an increase in crushing of 10,503 tons, and on the yield of gold of 0,870 oz. over tlic same period of the previous year. "It will h(} perceived that the yield of gold per ton had ex]Derienced a variation of 22 grs., equal to 5] per cent. " The total expenditure per ton has been 12s. ; in the pre- ceding year it was TOs. '' The profits on the quartz-crushing for the year ending September 30, were X22,9o8, 16s. 5d." f i' h ! ^r 21 19 TEE GOLD CONFINKl) TO TUli QUARTZ ? While beyond doubt. Ilio quartz-veinn arc tho chief gold- bearing rocks, it yet roinuinrt to bo proved that they are the only oney. It is common to see tho gold in tho blue Hhito adja- cent to the quartz, an(t L have seen a zone of quartzito in the Montague district, mixed with slate, which showed "sights" of gold in tho quartzito, and gave over an ounce to tho ton on some tons wliich wore tried as a sample. A talcose slate at Wine Harbor, whifli I have Been, is beautifully plated with gold ; and McDonald Sutliurlanfl,of Oldham, owner of a quartz mill, informed mi" that he had crushed a slate from that region which yielded him over an ounce to the ton. Investigation is certainly required to ascertain the truth in this matter; but, from analogies of other gold districts, we are authorized in expecting that the associated rocks will sometimes be aurifer- ous. ' EEMAKKABLE INSTANCES OF PRODUCTIVENESS IN TEE NOVA SCOTIA VEINS. While tho prudent adventurer will regard with superior interest the reliable average yield of auriferous veins as the only safe basis of expectation, it is always pleasant to see tiie prizes which the letter}^ offers, — not forgetting the blanks. 1 took pains to collect such authentic examples as fell in my way while in Nova Scotia, the official character which is given by law to the mining records rendering it easy to do so. Two poor men at Isaac's Harbor, almost without capital, com- menced work on a quartz lodo of six inches, which, at a depth of 30 feet became two feet, and in 402 days' work they ob- tained 24G ounces of goM, and had each a profit of over $2,000 for their labor. This was claim No. 12, on the lode, and No. 13, the next one adjoining, is turning out even better, the month of Noveml'cr giving 8j ounces of gold for all the quartz raised. "The Triad Company," lor July, from 22 tons obtained 22 146 oiincos, or over 0^, ouniX!r< to tlio ton J and the samo com- pany, in Aii;j,iist, o]>tiiinc'l Iron) 26 tons 000 pounds, 83 oiincos of i^old ; lor Octolicr, IVoh> .-i.'j toiiH, 140 ouncos. 'I'Ik! Ifallio liodo, at VVino .IIiir]K)r, Um yic^ldcd GO ouncch' to tho toi), aud (iG ouikm's I'nnn l| tons of qnurtz. Ijullcr S: Co., at VVino llarlior, lor Suptenilier, IVoni 20 kmn took (>0 ounces, and lor October, (rom 30 tons 800 pounds, took 1)5 ounces. At li!ii{(5 Loon (tho Montague property), Koljinson & Co. took a nugf^ot of ii;oU\, found in tho raispicivol, wliicli W(;ighed 22 ouucgh; and the .stuiri'rom tho vein has vieidcd tioni -l to G ounce's to the ton. A lot of 2,.'>00 pounds of selected quartz, from tho Sontli Taylor Lode, in Waverly, crushed l)y IJufr, yielded 22 ounces of gold, and a lot of tho samo lode, nnseleeted, yioldcMl 2] ounces to the ton. At Oldham, is a small vein of about an inch or two in thick- ness, which is owned by four workmen, who have token Ironi it GO ounces to tl)e ton of quartz. Mr. Fraidvfort Davis, owner of a cn-ushing-mill at Oldham, gave mo the following 'statement of remnrkable products, from his official returns, on the quartz from various lodes in Oldham : — 4 tons yielded 16 ounces 5 dwt. 1 ^' ti 20 3 6 " u 21 17 2 " 11 6 12 14 " " 11 C5 6 n " it 65 10 13 " ti 69 10 2 " 11 9 12 I '^ li 3 8 12i " a 78 2 '■' u 33 hi 5 Hi " (I 57 a Or in round numbers an average of 5 ounces to the ton, on about 100 tons of quartz crushed. While on the other hand, 28 ■tl'J ((»iH fVorn tlm sumo flistrict yic^ldod un u,y;grogate of 821 oiuircs, (»r iii)t (jiiito 'J ounces to tlio ton. At Wine lliirbor a group nt" void , "ti tlio Mi(J(lIo Lodo, Iiafl yic'ldcil, to tlio prt'suut deptU itt' 10 (cot, <>vor ;'> oz, of gold to (lie toil of (pisirt/. Mr. O'Couuor, ouo of the lour owners of a oUiiiu on the I\lontaguo vein, informed mo 'tliiit ii lot of tlio qtiiu tz from that \ t'in, cMtiniatod at 800 Ib-i., yio1di'd,on dry (^nisliing, in ii hand- mortar, lili ounces of gold, loaving, still, all tlu; ymall gold, in tho tailing, which would probably swoll tho whole yield to 24 ounces for 800 li»s., or 00 ouuoom to the ton of 2,000 lbs. Tlu!80 ex;uni)le8 might bo multiplied, — as every district has its remarkable stories, — but I have continod Tuyself to a por- tion of the exam]»les which came to my kriowlodgo. THE GOLD COMMISSION. — TENURE OF GOLD LANDS. By the law oi' the Provincial Legislitture, the conditions of mining aic substantially as follows: The fee of the mineral lands is in tlic Crown, and all mines arc worked on a royalty, amounting, in tho case of gold, to three per centum of the gross returns. A district having been determined to contain gold, it is declared by the Gold Commissioner to be within assigned limits a Cold District. It is then surveyed, and laid off into "areas,"' which, :ts the law now stands, are three-f(jnrtlis of an acre each, ov 150 feet on the supposed course of a vein, and 250 feet in tho other di.rectioii. Any individual who has discovered a new locality (.)f gold, becomes, in virtue of the right of discovery, entitled to (»ne "free clium" or "area," which he is at liberty to select where he })leaseH. If the owner of the land, on notice being given, declines or neglects to exercise his prior right of occupancy (^he leaving tiie same royalty, however, but a less sum down), then tiie Gold Commissioner may sell, to the first applicant, as many '•areas" as are called for; the applicant paying «lown, for each " area," the sum of tea dollars, which is an advance on loyalty. Th>> pnrclKiser then becomes obligated 24 to work tlie "areas '' lie has purchased, to the extent of one IjiiTiflrcd diiys hi each year, for each lease of not over live "areas;" Init lie may elect on which of any numbei' of such (;ontiu;iiou8 areas he will work, and may expend all the luhur required for tho whole upon tliat one, as in sink- in;:;- a t^liafi, etc. He i^ ali^o required to make to tlie Gold Connui.ssiojiei a quarterh'' return of the amount of labor ex- pended, and the quantity of gold obtained; neo-lectin-;- to do which, he forfeits his cl:i.im, and the Gold Commissioner then has the right to sell it to another puroliaser. All owners of quart;: mills are alsc» I'equired to send oih'cud returns, under oath, in a form prescribed by law, of all quarts, ciiished. statnig from what mine, and lor whoso account, and the quan- tity obtained. This is designed as a check on the miner, as the two statements must, if corretrt, balanee each otiinr. Tho Chief Gold Commissioner resides in Halifax, but has iiis deputies in each gold district, whose duty it is to see that the provisions ol" the la.A\' are carried out, and returns duly made eacl) jnonth, a(XH)mpanied by a report on the (.-onditioii of the industry in the dis1ri(.'t represented. From these returns the Gold Commissions prepares a Quarterly L'xhibit, whioli lie issue> in ;i *' R(.)yal Gazette.'' The Gold Commissioner also makes an Annual Report to the Provinnial :"ferr<'lary, giv- ing an account of 1 be mining operations in the ^;everal gold district' of the rrovincf during the previous year. This Re- port, for the year 18f)2, Is a valuable document, iu which the then Chief Commissioui-r, .Mr. Creolman, gives a, large amount of interesting and inq>ortant inlbrni:;tioii. The Provincial Law, respecting tha gold lieids, was plainly conceived, in its first draft, in the nattu'al idea that there was to be a repetition in Xova 8cotia of the experience of Caliibr- nia and Australia, and that thousands of ad\nmtun3rs would j3ock to the "diggings,'' with the expectation of washing gold from auriferous sands. How completely dillerent from this Wh.) actual expcriiuicc in Nova Sc(ttia is has already been expl;iine(l, I have given good pliy>i''a,l autl geologi- cal retisoiis wliy i'. :'hou!d be .-:o. It i^-' ['iaui that gold I 25 — 4,- miuing- in Nova Scotia, as in Caiit'oriiis to the linear inch. Where the use of mercury in the battery is adopted, the mortar l^cd is heated by steam or hot water. The old Chilian mill, an edge-wheel, is still in use, and it 18 said that upon the barrel quartz of Laidlaw Hill it has made better returns than the stamps, which may be very true Avith- out commending, either system very highly,"'" as it is certainly true, that very few of the mills have done as well as they should do in saving gold. The usual amalgamation process in the Nova Scotia mills is by amalgamated plates of copper, boxes of mercury set before the stam|)s, rifles, sliaking tables and blankets. A few use the round iron pan, with mercury, somewhat similar to (he California pan. Such is essentially the case in the Eng- lish mills, and in these alone did 1 observe a Ilaudts buddle at the end of the system, to concentrate and save the pyrites. Experience has shown in California that the old plan of amalgamation, by riiles and the system of copper plates cov- ered with mercury, is veiy imperfect and unsatisl'actory, and iu its best state can save not over GO to 75 per centum of the gold which the fire assay shows to be present. Hence the almost universal adoption of the system of concentration by the iron pan with mercury, which is only a very highly im- proved and methodized " arrastra " mill. I'he one most usu- ally adopted is Wheeler's pan and agitator, or Hepburn nnd Peterson's pan, which is a somewhat more complicated system than Wheeler's. Those pans, when properly conducted, save, it is said, on the authority of Kiistel, a mining engineer of experience, not less than 95 })er r-ent. of all the gold shown to be present by the fire assay.f I f * Assays niadf uiKlor my 'lirccl ions ou tin- waste or (ailinj;s from "hnrrel quart/," ru!i Ihroiij^li ii .«tain';)itig mill at Waverlcy, slmwccl t)ic prcs-co*'*' of nearly fiftoen pennyweights of gold to tlie tin •)f t;!iling.s, not over eight pi'iuiywiMirhts having Oeen stivod in the oriijinal workiiip-. t Xcradd cnid ( 'uAif^niin, J'rocesii(ti of Silver and Gold Extraction, etc. Hy Gi IDO KCs- Ti'L, miuin;: (.'nyhifcr nnd metallurgist, nhi.siniled by accurate engravings. Sau Frau- Cisco : F. n. C.\11LT<)>-. ISlK. fivn. jm. oZ7. 27 1 * COMPABATIVI^ ADVANTAGES OF CiOLD MINING IN NOVA .SCOTIA ANT) ELSEWHERE. In tho siime papoi", ulready quoted, Prof. .Phillips speaks as follows of tho gold Ix^'iiiiiii' voins of Novu Scotia : — *'Tlio tliicknoss of its ju.iriferous veins is porhiips less than tlioso of (^diforuia and some otliur conntrios, ))ut tliey are generally speaking richer, in visible gold, thantlie average of those I liave seen in any other part of the world. It must also be taken into consideration, that Nova Scotia possesses many decided advuiitagcs over both California and Australia. ]"]ach of those countries is situated at a. g'-oat di'^tance from Europe, a,nd can only be reached after a long and expensive passage, and, as a natuivd consequence, wages were for a long time ex- ceedingly high, and provisions proportionally dear. Nova Scotia, on the contrary, is within an easy distance both from Earo|>:.' and Liie United States of AnKM'ica, and possesses a con- siderable settled population, of intelligent, industrious, and sober people, eminently adapted, after a little experience, to become steady and cflicient miners. The whole of the gold-bearing portion of the province, also, lies v/ithin a convenient distance from the coast, which abounds with magnificent harbors, afford' ing am|)le security to shipping, whilst wood, in large quantities, is to bo (n-ery where procured Ibr all descriptions of raining purposes, and an abundant snpply of water js generally to be met with for the ])urposes of wasln'ng and amalgamation. ''From these circumstances it is impossible that wages can (n-cr i-oach t!i(> extravagant rates tliat mainly led to the failure of neaj'ly all the gold mining enterprises of 185l!. Since which period many of the mines have been advantageously worked, whirjt wert' then abandoned on account of the enormous ex- penditure necessary to carry on the operations." B i KXTRAOT FROM Linri-I! (II' I',, (j. WILSON, HLI'IOKINTENDKNT ( HKIUCTO GOLD MINING Cl». Nova Scotia, March, l.siil. G-ENTLEMEN : — The Comy)any adjoining your prop«3r1;y, t^ince 3^)11 were here, have crnslied from lot IG8, elose to our western boundary, one lot of ore which yielded two and one-half ounces j>cr ton, and have another raised wliich looks equally promising. I an- ticipate handsome returns from, this lead, and shall give it my particular attention. On the.Tud(jr Lead 1 liuve twentv-eiijlit jueii at work ; it is now opened 8-50 feet in length. Most of the labor lor the past fortnight on this lead has been expended in opening new shafts and preparing it for greater convenience of operating ratiiei- than raising ore, and as a result I may mention that the last contract given for raising the quartz was at $4.50 per ton against $({.50. the ])rice at iirst given. This Iciid will eventually, I believe, Ix' worked at less expense than iinij In the Province. J t also perceptibly improves as we go deeper, and the prospects frou) some ol our pits are very encourag- ing. Our neighbors to the wt>,st of us, down some forty feet deeper than we, are fjuite jubilant over recent successes. 1 cnclosu a statement i»f proposed operations for the coming season, with estimate of cost and requisite capital, to"^whi('li I I'ospect fully call vdui' attention. It is tru(^ a less a,mounl ol' capital Jiiight do; this Avill depend in a great measure to what extent the ru)>q)any may wish operations puslM.'d. I speak advisedly in saying that they have scope and property enough to employ double the amount named if deemed a<1visable. But whatever aiuoiint may be recpiiic'il tuo mucli caution can- not l>e I'xertused in expending it, ajul not ^.-ontinuc (?xp(3ndi- ¥ J 29 an- I ture when VGimm dirtatos it sliould be rtuspeudecl, nor yd suspenrl because a. xveek or fortnio-ht's returns are rliscourag- ing. r have bemi upwards of nine years pra(;tically engaged m gold mining, and Jiax-e seen a great deal mure eapiral in- vested Chan eN'er yielded a divi.U'nd, and n^y estimate upon the 820,000 IS sim])ly tin's: 1hat it should either place the imnes ni recpiisite p^jsition to yield good dividenI till I . ,. ....4 .' . . icate a large remuneration. B. C. WILSON. n Y - L A w s OK riiK CHEHKTO GOLD MINING (JOMI'ANY OF NOVA J^rOTIA. i! ART] CLE I. The Anniuil Meeting of tlie .Stockiioldcrs of the Cliebucto Gold Mining (Annptun of Novii Scotia sjjall lie held in the city of Boston, ou the first 'ruesday of every ]VI.ai'ch, at such time and place as the Directors ftball a[)point. and such meet- ings ma,y \m adjourned from time to time and from place to place without publishing or giving farther notice. ARTICLE n. Tlie ofiic(irs of tiie Company shall be live Directors, one of whom shall be President, a Treasurer and Secretary, who mav be one and the same person. Tht- Directors, also the 'i'reas- urer and Secretary, shall be choseii by the Stockhohlers, at tlieir (irst meeting, and thereafter at the annual meetings of the (Company : and shall continue in oflico until the next suo ceeding annual meeting, or until others are chosen ;iiid ac- cepted in their places. The President si tail be (diosen i^y the Board of Directors from one of their nnmber. at their tii'st meeting after election, or at soiiu' adjournment tho'eof : and thereafter at thtdr first meeting next su'-ccediiig the jumiial meeting. 31 ARTICLE III. The President sliall preside at all meetings of the Company, and of the Directors ; and in the event of his absence, resig- nation, or inability, a. President j^ro tenqiore maybe appointed. ,. ARTICLE IV. The Treasurer shall have the ciLstiKlv of all moneys, valu- able papers, books, and accounts of the Comparjy, subject, at all times, to the inspection and control of tiie Directors. He shall give orneg'otiate such notes or bills of exchange for such amounts and at such times as the business of the Company may require, and at the Directors' order, but for no other purpose : and he shall or may endorse notes, checks, or bills of exchange received by the Company in the prosecution of their business, making careful i-ei.jrds thereof in the books of the Company. He shall record all transfers of stoclv, shall cancel and carefully preserve certiticates of all stock trans- ferred, and shall jjerforni all duties pertaining to the office of Treasurer. He shall take suitable vouchers for all moneys paid out by him on account ol' tlm Com])any: but no money shall be so i)aid unless by written ap})roval of one or more of the Directors. He shall give a bond for the ftiithful perform, ance of his duties in tho sum of ten thousand dollars, satisfac- tory to the Directtirs. ARTICLE V. The Secretary shall keep a record of the proceedings and doings of the Corporation. In event of his absence or inabil- ity, a Secretary pro tempore may be chosen. ARTICLE VI. The Corporation seal shall be a circle, on which shall be borne tlie name of the Company, and the year of its organiza- tion. It shall be in the custody of the Treasurer. ARTICLE VII, The Directors shall have tlie general supervision and con- trol of the Company alTaiis. They shall hold theiv first meet. 32 ing upon duo notice beting- given by the St^cretary, and there- alVer siiall nieot ut such times and places as they may deem nuflful and convenient. The Secretarv shall notitV meetino-s of the Directors uj)oii the request oi'any two oi" their number, by giving written or printed notice of the time and place thereof to each Directer. The Directors may appoint such agents or superintendents as they may deem best, and may fix the comi)ensation of the Treasurer or of any other person employed by tlie f'ompany. 'J'hoy shall also, froni time to time, order sucli division of the jn-oHts of the Company as they may think advisable : and at any of their meetings three Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. ARTICLE VIII. The capital stock of the Corporation shall be $500,000, to consist of 100,000 shares, of the par value of five dollars, cer- tificates of which, signed by the President and Treasurer, shall be issued to the several Stockholders, under the seal of the Corporation, and be duly recorded by the Treasurer, upon their first issue, and upon every subsequent transfer of the same ; said certificate shall be as follows : — No. Certificate. (£l)cl)«cl0 ^alii Sliniitg (Lompnn OF NOVA SCOTIA. No. transfer. From To tK^M SL ires. For Boston, ^'"•g^l^^ CAPirAL, $S0(),000. ^^^S^^' ~i This ciiiTiriEs Thut of I i* entitled to sliiircs innnhernil in 'Stamps tl'*' i:iipit!il .stock of the CHEiu;tTo (Un.u Mixing Com- I vxyy cii' XovA Scotia, iiico-itorutcd nndfr the Gl-r Chup- ( ter ol' t]in General Statutes of the Stiite of Mussuchusetts, ' sul-i; 't to the By-Laws of the Coini)!iiiv, iviid transferable by iShares ,ij-^if;iinii'nt iiml surrenik'i- of this cvn'tificate. i ; j : In witne.ss wiieueof, t!i'.' I'lvsideut and Treasurer have I ' alHxed their signaturos hereto this da} of 186 TaEASUBER. S o s Ol 186 Received certljicate as above. President 3« id there- ay deem meeting'3 number, lid place )iiit such •and muy er person 1 time to mp'any as ing-s three taction of 500,000, to oUars, cer- Treasurer, tlio seal of Lirer, upon sfer of the ■ %\ ives. in iNisG Com- 6in (.'hap- % lustbrable by ^ £ S5" The followiiis^ is adopted as tlio forni of tnuisfer, to be priiit(Ml upcm each certiHcato : — KOK VAI-I'K KlU ICIVKD, itasi^ii to Mining Oomi'Any. Dated thin dnv of lierohy sell and Kliaiort ill tlio CiiEBuoTo Gold 1«6 AUTICLE IX. Special Meetings of the ('onipany may Ix' ordered by tlie Direcjtors at such times as they may deem host; and they shall order the same to ho called on tiie written application of jtersons owning" ono-(piartei- in vahie ai the shares of said ('omj)any ; all which meetings shall lie held at such time and |»lace as the Dircc.'tors shall order, in the city of Boston : and the i^ecrotary sliall give, notice of the time and place of every annual and sjiecial meeting-, by publication in some news])aper [)rintcd in the cit}:' of Boston, seven days, at least, previous to the time specified for holding such meeting, and by printed or written notice, sent to each stockholder, of recor«l. The Bec- f(>tary shall record the date on which he jiublishes each notice upon the Reconl Book of the Company, and such record shall bo conclusive evid(;nce of the fact. At any Annual or Special Meetijig, persons or cor|)(u*ations holding or re})rescnting one- (piarter |)art in nund)er of the shares of the Company, shall constitute a quorum to transact business. AUTICLH X. These Ry-Laws may be altered or ani(^nded at any Annual Meeting of the Company, or at any Special Meeting, in the •iill for whi(^]i noti^'e shall be given that nn alteration will be proptisod. etisuver have * REAbl-KEB.