:ir- 
 
 aEOIiOaiCAL SX7RVE7 OF CANADA. 
 
 ALFRKD II C. SKJAVYiV, F.R.S., F.G.S., Dibeptor. 
 
 ■ J-nn 
 
 REPOHT 
 
 OX THK 
 
 PRE-SILFRIAN (IIUKONIAN) AND CAMBRIAN, OR 
 PRIMORDIAL SILURIAN ROCKS 
 
 OF SOITHEHN 
 
 NEW BRUNSWICK 
 
 1877-1878 
 
 BY 
 
 L. W. BAILKY, M.A., Vn. I)., 
 
 J'KOFESvSOB OF NATl'KAL HISTOUV IN THE INlVEHfSITV OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF PAKLIAMENT. 
 
 !$}ontreal : 
 
 DAAVSON BROTHERS. 
 
 1879 
 
 ■ •« " - >'i: = 
 
•••••• 
 
 • • • • • 
 
 • •• 
 » • 
 
 
Alfred R C. Sei.wyn, Esq., F.R.S., P.G.S., 
 
 Director of the Geological Survey of Canada. 
 
 Sir, — I beiij to submit herewith my report of gef)logic'al explorations 
 during the two past summers in southern Now Brunswick. 
 
 In carrying out the instrui'tions wliicii I received from yourself in 
 tlie spring of 1877, to endeavor to determine more exactly the lin\its 
 of the belts of Primordial rocks, described in previous reports as 
 extending to the eastward from the city of St. John, it was found 
 necessaiy to make a careful ro-examination of the associated strata. 
 On this account the tield of exploration has been uiuxvoidably extended 
 to all the older rock-tbrmations of the area in question. Though 
 involving an additional expenditure of time, this course was deemed 
 desirable because strata bearing much resemblance to some of those 
 which in St. John County underlie the Primordial, have in other parts 
 of the Province been found to occur under circumstances which leave 
 some doubt as to their true position and equivalency. The results thus 
 obtained are such as to substantiate, with but slight mollifications, the 
 views advanced in the preliminary report of 1871. 
 
 The district to which this report relates lies wholly to the eastward 
 of the St. John River, embracing a considerable portion of the parishes 
 of Simonds and St. Martins, in the count}^ of St. John, and portions 
 of Upham and Hammond, in the county of King's. To th : eastward 
 it is continuous, with a similar area extending into the county of 
 Albert, in which direction simultaneous but independent observations 
 have been made by Mr. R. W. Klls. This gentleman has, at my request, 
 also visiied portions of the field explored l»y me, making an odometric 
 survey of the more im])oi'tant roads, and I am indebted to him for the 
 reduction of the topogi'aphical results embodied in the accompanying 
 maj). With this exception, the greater part of the topographical work, 
 both in the field and subserjuently, was performed by Mr. Wallace 
 Broad, my assistant during the season of 1877. 
 
 1 am, Sir, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 L. W. BAILEY. 
 
REPORT 
 
 ON THR 
 
 IMJIvSlLURlAX (irniOXIAN) AND CAMBIUAN. OR 
 PRIMORDIAL SIIJTRIAN ROCKS 
 
 OF 
 
 SOUTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK, 
 
 BY 
 
 L. W. BAILKV, M.A., Ph.D., 
 
 PROPKSSOR (IK XATl HAI. HISTOKV IN TlIK I NIVKKSITY (tr NKW BFUINSWrrK. 
 
 In attom])ting to determine m<Mv dotinitelA' the lelations of" the 
 several sets of strata in the rei^ioii exaniiiied, more tlian the usual 
 ditHculties have been experienced, as apart from the fact that it is but 
 spai-sely settled and over lari^e areas covered witli forest, the rocks 
 tliemselves are of such a nature as greatly to eidiance the labor of their 
 examination. Largely maile u]> of volcanic and seniii-volcanic materials 
 and of coarse fragmental ileposits, tluy are exceedingly variable in 
 distribution and bulk as well as in color, wliile through large masses it 
 is often ditlicult or im])(>ssible to detect even a trace of bedding. To 
 this it nun be added that the dips, even when recognizable, are 
 freijuently, even within short distances, of a most discordant character, 
 a]>parently indicating, as do the sediments themselves, that they were 
 formed during a ])eriod ol' general dislurbance and in the presence of 
 widespread and freiinent volcanic activity. The region is al.'^o through- 
 out highl}- disturbed, with numerous faults and plications, and includes 
 several large areas (»f intrusive rocks. Under tliese circumstances, no 
 attempt has been made to determine detinitely the thickness of the 
 several groups, but only to tix their order of succession and distribution. 
 It having further appeared probable, as the result of recent investiga- 
 tions, that some at least of these groups, as distinguished in former 
 publications, actually form a continuous series, while their names have 
 come to be applied to a variety of rocks not originally included under 
 
2 DD nEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 them, it ImH hocii tliou^jjlit ln'st in the jn'osi'iil report to drop such 
 desigiijilious ulto^otlior, siilistituliiii^ for siilxlivisions of systems a 
 numerical and litiiolo^icai nomeiu lature. 
 
 In aceoi-danco with these views, the entire series of rocks in the 
 region examinee! may be tabuhited as foUows, in ascending order: — 
 
 J're-Silurian. — 
 
 Division I. — Syoiiitif, f«lRi>iithii- ami ginissii' nxks. 
 
 Divi8inii 2. — Limt'stoiifs and (luloniiti-s (with scriu'iitiiu') mica srhist, 
 (liiartzite aud dark gi'cy gra|)bitii' slates. 
 
 [The aliovi' divisions aif those widcli in lailifi- reports have been 
 dest-ribt'd as |irol>alily Lanrentian.] 
 
 Division 3. — Felsite-pctrosilex group. 
 
 (a) Red and grey fulsites ; l.lu»', fjrrey, reddish and blacli potrosilex 
 
 and breeeia-conglonieiate. 
 (i) Dioritie and aniygdaloidal ash-ro( ks and ash-conglomerates. 
 (c) Grey fels|iathii' sandstones and conglomerates, often ferruginous. 
 [The roeks in this division are those dcseribed in earlier reports 
 under the name of Coldbrook group. They are regarded as a lower 
 member of tl>e Uuronian system.] 
 
 Division 4. — Schistose, ciiloritic and micaceous group. 
 
 («) Chloritic schists, green, grey and purple ash-rocks and amygda- 
 
 loids, with purple conglomerate. 
 (A) I'ale giey, pyritous and rusty-weathering felsites ami felspathic 
 
 (juartzite. 
 (e) tlydro-mica schists, chloritii' schists and felsites; grey day-slates 
 ami purpli- conglomerates, with l)e<ls of hematite. 
 
 [The rocks of this division are those described in earlier reports 
 under the name of Coasfei . group. They are regarded as The upper 
 member of the Huronian system.] 
 
 Cambrian or Primordial Silurian — 
 
 (a) Purple conglomerates, sandstones and shales. 
 (6) Red and greenish-grey argillites, spangled with mica. 
 (c) White and grey Siindstones ; grey and dark grey shales and sandstones, 
 with fossils ; grey slate and flags. 
 
 Devon-an. 
 
 Lower Carboniferous. 
 
 Millstofie-grit. 
 
 Trias, or New Red Sandstone. 
 
 Besides the lithological diflterences indicated above in the pre-Silurian 
 rocks, evidence of more or less pronounced unconformability may be 
 traced between the several divisions, marking a corresponding number 
 of physical breaks.* . 
 
 * Some (if the :i|ipureut want nf eiinformitj- iiia.v be clue to sub.«ei|uent faultiiiK- — A. R. C. 8. 
 
SOrTIIEHN NEW HHUNSWirK. H I>I) 
 
 In I lie ])rt;Heiit ivport tlio oiJy groups particularly considered iiif tlif 
 prt'-Silnriaii, IMvisions 3 and 4, together with the Cainhriaii oi- I'l-iinor- 
 dial Silurian. 
 
 1. — Pre-.Sim:rian. 
 
 Dirision 3 — Fclsife and Pctrosiler Group. 
 
 Under Ihe designation of the Coldln-ook ifi-oup a general deserijition 
 of the rocks of this division was ^iven in the Iicport of I'roi^ress for 
 1H70. The distribntion of these pre-Sihirian rocks, as more particu- 
 larly determined durini( thojtast season, is indicated in tlieaccoinpanyinii; 
 map. it should, however, i>o .stated that over portions of the area 
 therein assij^ned to Division 3. masses of coarse coiii^lomerate or of 
 schistose strata are occasionally met with, whicli, from their attitude oi- 
 composition, would ap])ear to he of more recent oriifin. Coarsely 
 crystalline s3-enites are also met with at a iiumher of points and some 
 times cover consideraMe areas, hut as their limits are usually ill defined 
 and they ajipear to i^raduate insensibly into the surroundini^ rocks, no 
 attempt has been made to effect their separate delineation. 
 
 The rocks which appear to be the lowest in position, as well as the 
 n\ost hii^hly crystalline within the rei^ion under discussion, consist of 
 fine-ij;rained felsites of pale fh'sh-re<l and ij;rey colors, of a more or less Fiisites. 
 distinctly stratilied duiracter. At various jioints they may be seen to 
 merge info dark grey petrosilex and felsite-breccias, and at others into 
 compact and unstratitied felspar-rock, which by the addition of grains 
 of quartz and of a greenish minei-al resembling hornblende, becomes 
 an imperfect syenite. It is chiefly among the fclsite rocks that the Syenite, 
 mas.ses of true syeinte i-eferred to in the ))receiling |):ii'agraph are met 
 with, as well as othei-s of coarsel}' crystallijie diorite. Some of these 
 syeniti<' and dioritic rocks appear to be intrusive, but in the occurrence 
 of rounded grains of (juartz, as well as in the appearances they ])resent 
 on weathered surfaces, other ])ortions suggest the idea that they ai-e 
 altered sediments. More particulai- reference will, however, hereafter 
 be made to some of the larger and better defined areas of syenite rock 
 in the region examined. The relations of these different groups of 
 beds is most intricate and variable, and in general their separation is 
 quite impossible. 
 
 In either of the two bands of Huron ian sediments to which reference 
 has beeti made, the most abundant as it is the most conspicuous rock is 
 that which T have designated peti-osilex. Though largely composed of Petrosilex. 
 felspar, as shown by the character of the weathering, it differs from 
 ordinaiy felsites in being much harder, ringing under the hammer, 
 breaking with an irregular or conchoidal fracture, and being much less 
 
4 i>i» OEoi,o<irrAt. survey of canada. 
 
 readily atlected by onMliiii; and utinosyheric a^t^t-iu-ios. In color it is 
 usually «lark Muish-^ivy, weathering; |iaU'-grey or white, hut exhibits 
 also various other shades, as j>ale tlesh-red, lilac and ijreen, to black. It 
 is also usnally |>oriihyrilic. with ininut*' I'clspathie crystals of a ])aler 
 color. Hut |ici'ha}is its most noticeable feature is its extreme tincness 
 of texture, bearing in this respect much resendtlanco to ordinary flint. 
 Notwithstandini; this ajtparent tincness. a larj^er projtortion, if not the 
 
 Brccciiis. whole, of the rock is in reality a con<;loinerate or breccia, composed of 
 
 nuini'i'ons small and amjjnlar pieces, thickly inii)ed(led in a matrix of 
 appari'otly identical character. In many j)ortions this feature is <juite 
 conspicuous, but in otliers would not be suspected were it not foi" the 
 effects of weathering;, revealing at the surface the occurrence of frag- 
 ments even when the interior is a]»parently homoneneous. From the 
 prevalence of these features and the intimate relations between the 
 l>recciated and non-brecciated strata, I am led to believe that, even 
 thongli aj)parently made up ol re-composed sediments, they all apper- 
 tain to a single geological liorizon. their peculiar character being duo 
 to the nature of the circumstances and to the disturbances in ju'ogress 
 during the lime of their accumulation.* 
 
 In general, as has been obsei-ved, the stratification of the petrosili- 
 ceous rocks is exceedingly obscure, masses hundreds of feet in thickness 
 and extending for long distances often failing entirely to reveal any 
 reliable evidences of structural arrangement. This is ])articularly the 
 csi.se on ordinary weatliered surfaces, but in the beds of streams, wheii' 
 expo(<ed tea process of constant wear, the stratification is more evident, 
 and at times even consj)icuous. It should be added that with the nn)re 
 com])act ])etrosilex beds there arc others which are more slaty, as well 
 " as some slate-conglomerates, felsites and felspathic sandstimes. 
 
 Northern Belt. ^" ^^6 northern belt of Huronian sediments the rocks to which the 
 al>ove descri])tion is intended to ajjpl^' are tirst seen, to the eastward 
 of St. .lohn, in the range of i-athei- prominent hills running along the 
 northern side of the Loch Lomond lakes, and extending thence to and 
 beyond Barnesville. They are appaiently wanting at St. John, as also 
 
 ColJbrook. ^t ("oldbrook. wdiere the only beds seen between the syenite of Division 
 1 (Laui'cntian) and the grey sandstones of the Primordial are heavy 
 beds of schistose, red and ])urple. more or less chlorilic conglomerates, 
 pertaining to Division 4; but a little to the eastward of this point they 
 may be seen to rise from beneath the Primordial Silurian beds in the 
 
 Locli Lomond. i»ai-tiall\' cleared track lying just west of the first Loch Lomond lake, 
 and l)etwceM the Westmorland and Loch Lomond roads. AVhen first 
 
 Tlifse felsites iire undoubtedly of cimtemponnicoiis vDlcanic oritrin. They do not materially 
 differ .V.nu liie greiitfelsimthic triii> series of North Wales and Cumberland, but appear to have - — ^ 
 been erupted at a somewhat earlier period. A.K.C.S. 
 
SOrTIIERV NEW RRHNSWrrK. 
 
 5 1)1) 
 
 fleon tilt' potrowilex band is only a IV-w yuids \\kU\ Imt in approacliint^ 
 the laivf bec'(»m('s niucli niuiv j)r()nrnn'n(, lorniin!,' tlu' <,'ivaler |)<)i-tioii 
 of till' 'iniiienci' known as Ik-ii Loniond, loi^i-tliof with several other 
 hills ol' loss elevation. Tlio dip ol' the i»eds near the western end of tiie 
 lake (where they are unconfoi'nialily eovered hy white and purple 
 sandsloiios of the Primordial series,) is southerly (about S. 20" K. < 
 <>0°), and the same dij) apparently holds good throuy;liout the line of 
 blutls which skirt the lake on its northern side. It is probable, how- 
 ever, that this is but a series of overturned folds, as similar belts an' 
 met with aloiif^ one or more lines to the northward, in (ho selth-ment 
 of (iol(K'n (Jrove, separated b^- depressions mostly occupied by dioritit- (Joiilcn orove. 
 and ash rocks. The relations of these two sets of bi'ds, which are 
 elsewhere intimately ctuinected, will appear from tin- followinu; 
 section: — 
 
 Section from North to South In Gohlcn Grove. 
 
 Traversk 
 Pre-Silurian, — M K A s t ii k . 
 
 Division 1 . — Rod syeiiito. moif or less cliloritic. on south sidi' 
 of VVtsttnoi land Eoud 
 
 Mfiisiircs conieali'd in dfi-p valley. tiaM'iscd by a branch ol 
 Langstroth's niill-strcani. and lilh-d with Lauicntiaii 
 dtbi is C.'O feet. 
 
 Mcasiiies (onrealed— steep ascent of hill nearly 400 feet hi.^h. 1,187 '■ 
 
 Division :'.. — 
 
 Dark j,aeenish-frrey epidotic and amygdaloidal ash rocks..,. I'M) '' 
 
 (ire('nish-f,n-ey ash-conglomerate, with large pebbles of amyg- 
 daloid in an eartliy dioritlc base, lilled with spots and 
 vesicles of epidote. Dip soiUiierlj' at a hinh angle, 
 bnt obsenre .000 '■ 
 
 Measures concealed — to road running north of Clark's Lake. 500 •• 
 
 Coarse congl(>inerates. holding pebldes of pink-and-giey 
 (piartzites. red felsite, dark purple ash-rocks, &c. in a 
 sandy paste, and holding finei- sandy layers. Dip dis- 
 tinct S. I'd' E, ^ To'. Tliese conglomerate's extend 
 through the whole length of Ci olden Grove, and at the 
 eastern end of Marks I,akc (where they overlie some 
 thin beds of micaceous sandy slate and bright purple 
 felsi)athic sandstone), exhibit alternations of coarse 
 pebbly lieds containing numerous white quartz peb- 
 bles with finer sandy and gritty bed.s, the whole dijiping 
 quite regularly S. '20" E. < GO"-?^, with a surface 
 breadth of 1 .250 •• 
 
 Dark-grey fine dioritic rock, simitar to that in tiie hills north 
 of Mark's Lake, but more crystalline — extending to 
 , south side of lake 250 « 
 
 Grey slaty ash-rocks and dark-grey i)orphyritic petrosih^x, 
 
 extending to (iolden Grove road •''2.') •' 
 
 Grey and purple ash rocks 533 " 
 
(5 nn 
 
 (JEOLOairAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 b. 
 
 a. 
 c. 
 
 Trav. Meas. 
 [ Piirplish-grejr ash-ctjnglomt'iateK and breccias, increasing in 
 
 coaiseness to tlic soiitli, and holdinji angular blocks 
 
 from i to 14 inches in dianicter, in a sandy vesicular 
 
 paste. Dip S. 'J(i ' E. 6i) r>r)0 feet. 
 
 Dark-grey iiorpLyritic ^etrosilex. Dip ? 1 75 " 
 
 Measures con(faIe<l. Imt iiKliiding ledges of purplish cobbly 
 
 and slaty (onglduieratc. DipS. E. ^tio" 100 " 
 
 Greenish-grey and puri>lish ash-rocks, with pale-weathering 
 
 fragments, and coarse ash-conglomerates holding large 
 
 round masses, two inches to two feet in diameter, of 
 
 grey amygdaloid in a purplish-grey sandy and dioritic 
 
 paste. Dip distinct S. 40' E. ^ 4(i". These roeks 
 
 extend to the main road on the north side of McFar- 
 
 len's Lake, with a breadth of 400 " 
 
 [From this [loint the section is shifted about a (juarter of 
 
 a mile to the east, extending from near McFarlen's 
 
 along the course of a road leading .south to a mill on 
 
 •{ Loch Lomond shore.] 
 
 Grey dioritic and fclspathic .sandstones, somewhat vesicular 
 
 and having ferruginous spots 400 " 
 
 Measures contealcd 475 " 
 
 (irey felsputhic sandstone and greenish-grey ash-rock 350 " 
 
 Measures com'ealeii L485 '• 
 
 tirey felspiithic sandstone at intervals 800 " 
 
 I'ale-grey rusty-weathering felspathic and somewhat schistose 
 
 beds dipping S. 50" E. -^ 80-90" 500 " 
 
 Greenish-grey sandstone and tine conglomerate. Dip S. 20' 
 
 E. •„ 80" 400 '• 
 
 Measures concealed, to shore of Loch Lomond 950 " 
 
 Of the rocks iiiclinkHl in tlie above section those of group h, embrac- 
 ing epidolic and iimyc;(hiloidal ash-rocks, are in Golden (J rove by tiar 
 the most consjticuous and siniihir beds, though less coarse, are met 
 with at various points both to the west and east of that settlement — in 
 the latter direction to and beyond the Third (Loch Lomond) Lake. 
 The conglomerates of grouj) c are also both more voluminous and more 
 varied here than elsewhere, while the underlying petrosilex («) is 
 mostly hidden from view. A little to the eastward of the line of 
 section in its more easterly portion (near McrFarlen's Lake) there are, 
 ill atldition to the beds above enumerated, a peculiar pale-grey but deep 
 rusty- weathering and highly calcareous sandstone, thin beds of hard 
 grey, eiystalline hornblende rock, fine greenish-grey conglomerate, in 
 which the paste and pebbles are barely distinguishable, and (near the 
 thoroughfare between the First and Second Lakes) dark purplish-grey 
 petrosilicious conglomerate, containing numerous small concretionary 
 nodules. Whcro the dip can be mrnle out it is always to the south, 
 usually about S. 30° E. < 70°, but sometimes as low as 30°. All or 
 
SOl'THEBN NEW BRI'NSWirK. « DD 
 
 nearl}- all of the.so beds ur*^ a<;aii) iiict with to the eastward, about the 
 Third Lake and in thi' viciiuty of Bariiesvillo. 1>. approachini,' this Ba"*"'"^- 
 settlement the depression previously ooeupied by the Lotii liomond 
 waters shows a teiideney to bifuicate; one braiieh (holdini;- the main 
 belt of Primordial scdinuMits) swcepinij otV (o the south, while the 
 other, traversed by the South Stream, an aftluent of Hammond River, by 
 keopiiiif mori' to the n(»rth, interseets thelluronian series transveitsely, 
 and thus attonls a view of its eharaeter and structure. As stated in a 
 previous i-epor(, the i^eneral arrangement in tiiis vieinity ajipears to be 
 synelina!, th. .h Irom the obseurity oi" the stnilitieatioii and the 
 oecurrenee of Tiumerous subordinate folds, the exaet sueeession is not 
 readih' made out. Amontf the rather prominent hills (Lawson's and 
 others) whieh bound the valley on its northern side, the rocks are 
 almost entirely sandstones, coni^lomerates and breccias, similar to those 
 of the hills north of Loch Lomond, and like them appearing to have , 
 
 a general southerly dip at a high angle (S. 20° E. < 80°). Good 
 exposures of the felsite-breccias may be seen in the lower part of the 
 South Stream valley, at and below the falls, half a mile above its South Stream. 
 mouth, as well as on the nuun stream of Hammond River, above South 
 Stream bridge (the dip varying from N. 30° \V. < 80° at the former, 
 to S. K. < 30° at the latter). A little higher up the valley are true 
 felsites, of a pale red color and somewhat coarse texture, which exhibit 
 a distinct stratification and extend along the stream foi- a distance of 
 one or two furlongs, in a series of undulations mostly low, but in 
 places nearly or ouite vertical. The relations of the felsites to the 
 associated rocks is not very clear, but from what is seen at other j)oints 
 it is supposed that they are directly connected Avith the petrosilox and 
 breccia rocks, of which they represent either a local variation, or, 
 possibly, an inferior portion. In their more westerly exposures, where 
 they exhibit some sharp corrugations, they are directly covered by 
 a scries of grey and purplish-gi-e}- sandstones, Avith beds of con- 
 glomerate composed of felsite fragments, anil these in turn by jnirplish 
 and grey shales. Both the felsites and sandstones are uiuloubtcdly 
 jfortions of the Huronian series, but the shales, which are much softer 
 and apparently unconformable to the sandstones, may bo a portion of 
 a higher formation (Primortlial Silurian.) 
 
 To the south of the South Stream valley, on the elevated plateau Bamesviiie 
 lying between this and the valley of Germain Brook, another tributary ^-s*"- 
 of Hammond River, the synclinal structure to which reference has 
 been made is most clearly seen. On the hill-side at J^arnesville Corner 
 
 the rocks consist for the most ptirt of a very compact dark-grey to -^ — 
 
 black or purplish-black petrosi lex-breccia, usually nearly homogeneous, 
 
 but in which occasional fragments of red felsite are imbedded. They — — 
 
8 DP 
 
 OEOLOGICAI, Sl'RVEY oK r.WAPA. 
 
 have an evident dip to tlio soulhwjird (S. 10° E. < 40-50°), and together 
 with some thinner l)cd.s of paler gre}', f'clspathie sandstones and conglom- 
 erates, have a surface l)readth of about 600 yards. Following them (o the 
 south are greenish-grey, ferruginous, felspalhic sandstones or ash-rocks, 
 having kaoiinized crystals of fclsjiar and holding some felsjiar pehhles, 
 
 ConKlomcratc. mid to these succeed in turn le<lges of coai-se conglomerate, tilled with 
 well-rounded })ehhles of green, rod and grey felsite, stratified felsjiar- 
 jxti'phj'ry, di(»rito and ej)idote, some of Avhich are six to seven inches 
 in diameter, imbedded in a light-weathering sandy and iels})athic base. 
 These beds also dip southerly (3. K. < 50°), extending, with a surface 
 breadth of about 300 yards, neai-ly to where the road crosses the heiul- 
 
 Syncliimi. waters of South Stream, which here flows westerly. After crossing 
 
 the latter, howevtr, the tirst ont-crops on the hills to the south are 
 massive dark-grey petrosilicious rocks (breccias and conglomerates) 
 ' much like those of Barnesville, upon which rest beds of grey felspathic 
 sandstone filled with ochreoiis spots, and coarse conglomerates holding 
 felsite and diorite pebbles, the dip of both sets of beds being now to 
 the north (N. 10° W. < ()0°). There is thus an evident reversion of 
 the higher beds (conglomerates and sandstones), and probably of the 
 lower as well, the petrosilex beds which extend thence to the valley of 
 (Jermain Brook not only resembling those of Barnesville in general 
 aspect, but having, like tlum, what i^ppear to be intercalated beds of 
 reddish, more or less crystalline, felsites. 
 
 Further evidences of this synclinal structure arc to be seen in the 
 more easterly portions of the plateau, where it is cut off by the valleys 
 
 Hammund of Hammond Eiver and Germain Brook. On the first-named river, 
 near South Stream bridge, may bo seen the same felsite-breccias as 
 those already described on the latter tributary, and similar beds again 
 occur two and a-half miles to the eastward of Titus's (upper) mills, 
 being here nearl}' vertical, while between these points the rocks arc 
 in part dark-grey porphyritic petrosilex, and in part Lower Carbonifei*- 
 ous sediments, the latter forming the entire northern side of the 
 stream. With the dark grey petrosilex are irregular beds of pale-rctl 
 
 Titus's mill. ''""^ ^'^*^ folsito, which ill apjiroaching Titus's mill become at the same 
 time more frequent and more crystalline. In some portions, as in the 
 case of those at Barnesville, a distinct but usually highly contorted 
 stratification is discernible, but other portions are quite homogeneous, 
 and by admixture of a dark green mineral resembling hornblende, 
 become im^ierfcct syenites. Still further east these syenite rocks 
 become yet more conspicuous, replacing all others and forming a nearly 
 
 Fpham. continuous line of high blutts extending past the village of Upham to 
 
 the mouth of Germain Brook, and along the north side of this brook 
 nearly to Hardiugville, It is supposed that these syenitic hills form 
 
SOCTHERN NEW Bal^\SWICK. ' DO 
 
 the rim or niai'i^in of iho threat synclinal trough alivady do^eribi'il. and 
 
 that they arc simply tho iK-lrosik-x ami Invccia-rcfcks in a moroalltMvil 
 
 I'orm. That tlu-y aro in i^roat })ai't of fragmentary origin is very 
 
 evident, and even where apparently most erysta,lli:ie a rounding of the 
 
 grains of (piartz and the occurrence of irregular cavities or vesicles, y 
 
 suggest that all have heen produced by lilcc agencies. 
 
 Jn these high hhitls, around llie base of which sweeps tiie St. Mai'lin's 
 and Upham railway, tho more northerly of the two great Huronian 
 belts abruptly terminates, being, as elsewhere, separated from the more 
 southerly belt by a biind of Primordial rocks which crosses their strike 
 transversely. 
 
 in passing to the moi'c southerly belt of Division 3 the same general Southern Belt, 
 features arc met with as in that alrctidy described, but exhibited over 
 larger areas and with greater complexity of detail. 
 
 Including a bifurcation at its western end (one branch of whicli is Distributiou. 
 traceable to and beyond St. John Harbor), the belt in question has a 
 total length of over fifty miles^ or nearly to tho boundary of Albert 
 County, and a maximum breadth of about nine miles. The latter, 
 however, is subject to considerable variation, being renilered irregular, 
 particulai'iy on the northern side, b}' overlying sediments (Primordial- 
 Silurian, Devonian and Lower Carboniferous), as well as by consider- 
 able areas of intrusive rock. It is everywhere bold and rugged, 
 cndjracing many of the most prominent hills in this section of the 
 Province, and, except where covered with Lower Carboniferous dritt, 
 att'ords but little encouragement to the cultivator. 
 
 Tho general character of the southern belt, as well as its relations to Character, 
 higher divisions of tho series, may be gathered from the following 
 observations to the south of Loch Lomond and in the vicinity of Black 
 River and Eloomsbury Mountain. Jt is just south of the western 
 extremity of the First Lake that the bifurcation of the Huronian belt 
 to which reference has been made occurs, one arm (the more northerly) 
 extending thence in the direction of St. John Harbor, while the other 
 and more considerable, including Eloomsbury ^louiitain, stretches off 
 south-westerly towards the mouth of the Mispeck, the intervening area 
 being occupied by the basin of Devonian sediments described in earlier 
 reports. The first-named bolt is both narrow and interrupted, being 
 traceable oidy in a series of more or loss isolated ridges along the 
 southern edge of the Primordial area, of which the most considerable 
 occurs about the northern and eastern side of Lattimore Lake. They liattinwro 
 here consist chiefly of massive fine-grained and more or less opidotic 
 rocks, without evident stratification, with which, however, are some 
 thinner beds of grey flinty petrosilex, dipping at a low angle (S. B. < 
 20°). Their relation to the Primordial and Devonian, as seen on the 
 
10 DD CiEOLOOirAL StTRVEY OF PANADA. 
 
 oastcrn side of Coiirtiiii}' Bay, have been (lcs(i-if)O(I in the Report of 
 Proi^n'SH for 1H71. In tlic opposito <liri'i'tion similar bodH ma}' bo 8oen 
 to protrude at various points throui^h ibo barrens about Bia( k RivcM- 
 roiul and Strayhorn Brook, extending thonee in the dircc-tion of Negro 
 and Oltt-r Lakes, jjoyond whicli they are ivplaced by intrusive syonile. 
 At (iarnott Settlement, on the Black River road, the Devonian basin 
 terminates in a series of low blutfs, but in the valley to the eastward, 
 oeciipietl by Blaek River and its branches, the petrosilex and ash-rocks 
 are still concealed by overlyin<j; sediments, these being schistose I'ocks 
 of Division 4, together with a narrow belt of black slates and sand- 
 stones pei'taining to the Primordial group. South of these beds, 
 however, the Jluronian strata again come prominently into view and 
 are well exposed along both the " Mountain " and (^uaco roads. On 
 the first of these two thoroughfares the following section has been 
 measured along the rt>ad extending from the Black River bridge, in 
 (Turnett Settlement, to the south side of Bloomsbury Mountain : — 
 
 KKKT. 
 
 From Black River Iirlilge to cross-road in Garnctt's Settlement 135 
 
 Measures (((luealed 3475 
 
 [A little to the eastward of this point the valley occupied liy Black 
 River is partly tilled with black slates ot the !St. John group, dipping 
 southerly towards the dioritesan<l petrosilex of Bloomsbury Mountain.] 
 
 Oiv, 3. — ((() Grey white-weathering fine felspathic rocks, okscurely 
 
 stratitied. Dip S. < 40° 175 
 
 Dark fine and epidotie petrosilex rocks, occurring at 
 
 frequent intervals. Dip S. <; 30^ 1500 
 
 Mea.sures concealed 735 
 
 Grey to dark grey, more or less slaty petrosilex, varying 
 
 from fine to'granular, and porphyritic 1325 
 
 Measures concealed. Brook at end, witii grey petrosilex. 1275 
 
 Space, with ledge at end, of dark green dioritt; 250 
 
 Measures concealed 1)25 
 
 Grey white-weathering felsite. Dij) distinct S. 10° < 70° 425 
 Measures partly concealed, but showing in front half 
 
 ledges of greenish-grey massive dioritio sandstone. 575 
 
 Measures concealed 2000 
 
 Greenish-grey diorite 100 
 
 (irrey fine-grained petro.silex. Dip S. 30° E. < 70' 100 
 
 (6) Dark piuplisli-grey ash-rocks, enclosing angular frag- 
 ments of petrosilex 200 
 
 Coarse dioritic breccia, made of angular fragments of 
 purplish-grey banded petrosilex in an epidotie and 
 
 dioritic paste 26o 
 
 Green fine-grained epidotie diorite like the last, but with- 
 out enclo.sed fragments 125 
 
 Measures concealed 150 
 
S()> THERN NEW CRiNSWICK. 11 DT) 
 
 KEFT. 
 
 Grey. t;n'cii and ]iiir|p|f !iinyi,'<laloi(l, consiticuously por- 
 
 |>1iyiiti<-. with paler spots iiiul silicioiis amypliiles. . 65<t 
 Dioritic rucks, in pait porphyritii-, in ])art stliistDSc. ... 82.') 
 
 [To these dioiitii- rocks pncceL'tl groy slaty felsites, and pale, yellowisli- 
 greeii felspathir sehi.sts belonging to Division 4, dippin}^ S. 15 E. i^ 40", 
 extending from this point to the bridj^e over the east Ipianch of Black 
 River.] 
 
 Of the I'ocks exponed in llie :ibove section, the petrosilio'ou.s beds Correlations. 
 which form its lower portion are the evident equivalents of those which 
 on the other side of the Primordial belt eonstilnte tiie range of hills 
 Just north of the IjocIi Lomond laices, from whieh the}* ditter chieHy 
 in being less markedly recomposed. The asii-rocks and amygdaloids 
 which succeed are in like manner the equivalents of those of (lolden 
 Grove, the breccias at their base marking a bi'eaking up of the inlerior 
 beds coincident with the accumulation of the earlier igneous deposits. 
 The felspathic and schistose beds which follow ujkiii the amygdaloids 
 are portions of the Coastal group oi' former reports, anil both by the 
 inter])Osition of the.se igneous rocks and by the sudden reduction in 
 their dip, indicate a want of conformit}' to the inferior grouj). 
 
 To the westward of the above line of section the ])articulardistribu- 
 tioii of the several groups, owing to their being covered with extensive 
 sand-barren.s, is not fulU' known. Dioritic and ash-rocks, which are 
 more or less amygdaloidal, may, howevei', be seen for a distance of a 
 mile or more along the road south of the up]»er bridge across the Mispeek. 
 Mispeck River, being followed in the same direction, as at Bloomsbury 
 Mountain, by schistose, fels])athic and talcoid rocks of Division 4. To 
 the eastward of the same line of section the beds are better exposed, 
 and may be well seen along either of the roads leading south from 
 Loch Lomond to (^uaco. 
 
 Along what is known as the Lower (iuaco road, traversing the 
 settlement of Willow Grove, the most noticeable feature is the great Wiiiow Grove, 
 develop'^ent of the volcanic or semi-volcanic members of the series 
 and the coniparative paucity of true ]>etrosilex. In the northern part 
 of the settlentent named and along the road leading to Negro Lake, the 
 rocks resemltle those of Division 4, being pale greenish-grej' felspathic 
 schists and schistose conglomerates, upon which I'est much coarser 
 felspathic and white weathering congbmierates holding pebbles of dark 
 ■gre}' petrosilex, red felsite, felspathic schist, syenite, &c. These may 
 be the equivalents of the similar beds previously noticed in Golden 
 Grove, or possiblj' belong to some higher series, either Primordial or 
 Devonian. To the south of the schistose beds, which have mostly' a 
 low di]) or are nearly fiat, the rocks in the central portion of the settle- 
 ment are tine-grained diorites and earthy dioritic sandstones, of grey, 
 
 3 
 
12 DD QEOLOOICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 i^reeni.sh and purplish colors, oflen very coarsely vesicular, and 
 containini; much chlorite and epidote. The first rocks met with of a 
 diti'erent character are foinid a little south of the bridge over the south 
 bi-anch of Jilack Uiver, beinif flesh-colored felsites with obscure strati- 
 fication (N. 10° K. < S0°), followed aftei- an interval of 500 yards by 
 grey flinty j)etrosilex, distinctly- sti-atified and dipj)ing S. 20° M < 85°. 
 -^^ AVith the latter high di^t they are almost immediately succeeded by 
 alternating betls of green and purjtle sandy shales, of which the dip is 
 S. 30° E. < 50°-fi0°. These latter are a portion of Divisicm 4, the 
 rocks of which (chiefly pale yellowish-green and purple talco-felspathie 
 schists with piii-j)le slates and conglomerates,) occupy the remainderof 
 the road to where they pass beneath the Lower Carboniferous sediments 
 of (Jardner's L-reek. 
 
 In the hill}- and thickly-wooded region lying between the Lower 
 and Upper (^uaco roads but few observations could be made. The 
 petrosilex rocks again increase in force in this direction, and on the 
 second of the two roads mimed, form the greater portion of the Iluro- 
 nian belt. Just south of the Primordial belt on Eatdi tie's mill-stream, 
 the rocks are mostly grey and ])ink s^-enites, forming part of a ridge 
 extending westwardly to Otter Lake ; but after passing there and to 
 the south of the Hibernian road, grey rusty-weathering felsites come 
 into view, and are succeeded by petrosilex-bi-eecias of grey, dark-grey 
 and black colois, which, with some thinner beds of grey felspathic 
 sandstone, extend to within a short distance of where the road crosses 
 Stony Brook. Ston^' Brook, one of the tributaries of tJardner's Creek 
 
 South of this brook ai-e ledges of diorite containing hirge masses of 
 white ipiartz, and similar rocks interstratified with purple conglomer- 
 ates dipping S. 30° E. < 80°. These, Iiowevei-, form a portion of 
 Division 4, and with other l)eds succeetling them will be again alluded 
 to in another connection. 
 
 To the eastward of the Upper (Juaco road the width of the petro- 
 silex belt again becomes greatl}' reduced through concealment by 
 Henn's Lake. Overlying de])osits, until at Henry's Lake, im the line of the St. 
 Martins & Upham i-ailway, it does not gi-eatly exceed half a mile. 
 The exposures at this ])oint, which have been largely increased by the 
 construction of the railway, are particularl}* interesting as att'ording 
 (with ITandfoi'd Brook, on the northern side of the belt,) the most 
 complete and satisfactoiy section of the Huronian rocks in any portion 
 of the district examined. As these behmg, however, for the most part 
 to Division 4, their further consideration is deferred for the ])resent. 
 
 To the eastward of the St. Martins railway a most noticeable fact is 
 the rajiid and enormous expansion of the ;uea occupied by the ])etro- 
 silex I'ocks, an area now nearly equalling the combined breadth of the 
 
SOUTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK. 13 DD 
 
 two bolts to the woslwanl. tosxotluT with tliat (if the Prim:>nlial l>elt 
 inclu(le<l hetween them. The eause ol' thi.s iiicroiist' is undoubtedly to 
 be found in the fact that the beds in the tirst-named direction are 
 thrown into more n',imorf»as but, at the same time, UHually more open 
 folds, the dips being very irregular and generally at comparatively 
 low angles. It lay also in part be due to the occurrence of more or 
 less considerable areas of diorite and syenite. As in the Barnesville 
 area, these occur chietly along the northern and southern sides of the 
 petrosilex belt, are e.vceedingly in\>gular in their distribution, and 
 often shade into the associated rock, .".s though they were merely a 
 more altered portion of the latter. 
 
 From the almost entire absence of settlements and the paucity of 
 roads or clearings, the observations in this region are necessarily 
 partial an<l disconnected, being for the most jiart confined to the 
 exposures exhibited by the streams which traverse it. Enough, 
 however, is known to indicate the genei'al character and range of the 
 rocks which it includes. From Henry's Lake the northern limit of 
 the band extends north-easteily to the Hammond Eiver, of which it 
 forms the southern side as far as the roatl leading south to Saddleback 
 Settlement. Between the river and this settlement tine\^\posures maj' 
 be seen along the course of Sherwoinl's mill-stream, where the beds i^*i"^t°°^^. 
 consist chietly of ver^' fine-grained felspathic sandstones — somewhat 
 micaceous, and in part conspicuously ribbanded with shades of gre}', 
 dark-grey and purple — overlying dark-grey pyritiferous })eti'osilex, 
 with some crystalline diorite. The section is nearly a niile in length, 
 but owing to the irregularities of dip, which are peculiar in being 
 usually not far from West and at a low angle (varying from W. < 80° 
 to W. 20° N. < 30° and W. 10° S. < 30°), no opportunity is afibrdetl 
 for a determination of the thickness of the beds. The ribanded beds 
 are similar to some of the strata, to l)e hereafter described, on Hand- 
 ford Brook, and also ajipear in the bed of Hammond River at Veysey's 
 mill, where they dip W. N.-W. < 50°, and are overlaid by Lower 
 Carboniferous limestone tilled with pebbles of the underlying rock. 
 
 Near this point there occurs a rather remarkable belt of true mica- MicaSohut. 
 schist of pale-grey or silvery aspect, and often somewhat gritty, which, 
 fii"8t seen on one of the roads loading south to Saddle-back Settlement, 
 thence extends easterly, with a surface breadth of over a mile, nearly 
 to the head of the Hammond River valley. The beds everywhere dip 
 northerly and lie to the north of the diorites and petrosilex rocks, but 
 otherwise there are no facts from which their age can be determined. 
 
 To the south of these exposures, in Saddle-back Settlement, are Saddie-back 
 numerous hills and ridges which are, for the most part, composed of ® e'Jie«»t' 
 very dense, dark-grey to black and porphyritic petrosilex, with which, 
 
14 nn oEoiiOairAii survey op Canada. 
 
 howevor, is a considenvhk' mass ol" crystulliiio rod syenite. The latter 
 forms an irri'^ular bolt oxtonding eastward iJintugh this sottlomont tor 
 alK)iit six or seven miles; while to the '^outhwai'il, with the exception 
 of a small outlier of Lower Carboniferous conglomerate, the petrosilex 
 bods (breccias, &c.,) occu))y nearly all the area traversed by the noi-th- 
 
 SiUmon River, east and north-wesi bi-anchos of the north arm of the Salmon River. 
 At the falls on the north-east branch, the stream, in a distance of less 
 than a mile, makes a descent of as much as 150 feet, protlucing a 
 picturesiiue ujori^e, throuirh which lumber is driven in considerable 
 (juantitics, thoui^h only with ureal ditticulty ai\d daiii^er. South of the 
 falls another baiul of red syenite comes into view, separatini; the 
 petrosilex from the schistose rocks of Division 4, and which is 
 j)robably continuous with a similar belt crossins^ the Shepody IJoad 
 near Cross Brook. 
 
 Sliepody road. The Shepody road, between the valley of Hammond River and that 
 of Crow Brook, intersects the Huronian belt neai-ly at i-ii^ht amnios, 
 and shows numerous ex])osures of the underlyini^ rocks, but with the 
 usual featui'cs of very varial»le and obscui'o sti-atilication. Beyond the 
 road, to the eastward, the belt has been traced throujfh Long Settle- 
 ment (where the ])etrosilex is covered by wide spread de])Osits of coarse 
 amygilal()id), to the heailvvaters of ('edar-camp Creek. On the course 
 of a stream flowing into the latter above llazen's mill Ihe following 
 section, from north to south, has boon made, and affords agood illustra- 
 tion of the features of the grou]) in this region. The section includes 
 a number of folds, but as a whole is a descending one : — 
 
 VEVT. 
 
 Rett felsite-breeciaa, interatratifit'd witli red and u-ddi.sb-grt'}' very 
 Section c^ ./ .■ 
 
 south of ejmiotic felaites. Tlicy are the same nx ks as those of Titus's 
 
 (H*annuond)I """• "" Hammond Kiver, and on Soutli Stream, and (with a dip 
 
 varying from N. 50 W. to N. 20' E. ^ GO ) t)verlie darl< grey 
 
 felsites, also epidotie, and dipping N. CO W. < 40", declining to 
 
 N. 29" W. 30-.— the hn'adth of the whole ahont 500 
 
 Similar beds, but bluish, and more jietrosilieious, with high and 
 variable northward dip. in part ash-like and amygdaloidal, and 
 passing into darli grey and blaek petrosilex. The dip of these 
 beds, which are al8() ei>idotic and brecciated, is regular (N. 30' W. 
 
 < 60°) and their breadth about 95C 
 
 Breeoia-eouglouierates, like those at mouth of stream, but with 
 
 reversed dip— S. 20" E. < 70° 50 
 
 Dark grey to black felsite, breccia and conglomerate. Dip N. 30" W. 
 
 < 60-80° 370 
 
 Space, including a succession sf mpids and falls over petrosilicious 
 
 rocks, but mostly inaccessible. Dip at the end, in brownish-red 
 
 felsites, S. 10° E. <_^ 60° 1100 
 
 Space, with beds at end, of grey epidotic ash-rock, or earthy di»)ritic 
 
 sandstone 125 
 
SOITTOERN P .iW BRUNSWICK. 15 1»1) 
 
 FEKT. 
 
 Hard grey iind pyritmis "flsito, tjirying in texture from fiiu- tlinty to 
 
 gntiiiilitr. Well slriitififd, uml <Ii|i|iiiig S. 5 ' E. Od' ;?20 
 
 Space, <i<<ti|iif(l ninstly l>y felBites as iiltove, varying in dip, Homctimes 
 
 vurtioil nr witli sliglit inoliii.-ition northward, but m<mtly Houtli- 
 
 ward. Falls at end over giey fiispjitliic wlatiw and slatc-ionglom- 
 
 eratcs, with ri'd felsitc fragmeiils. Dipdistimt S. pC K. 10 . . T.'iO 
 
 Spai e, including ledges of grey slaty fclsitc, h(ddiiig numerous black 
 
 slaty fragnitiitH 150 
 
 Fine-grained, massive felsitcbreecias, grey to reddish in color; 
 pebbles mostly of red feisite, both angular and rounded, embedded 
 
 in a pale i^rcy, bluish-weathering paste 4<I0 
 
 Grey felsites. Dip at end S. 30 ' W. ^ 50" 560 
 
 The sjvme, dip becoming S. lO" W. < 60" 350 
 
 Space, with h'dge. it end, ofpalc-grey tlinty felsitc. Dip N. 10" W. ,, 50' 1800 
 Fine grey, white-weathering, tlinty petrosilex. Dip N. 10° W. \ 60", 
 
 gradually changing to S. 30' W. ^ 80" 500 
 
 Ffom the tci'miiKitioii of this Hoctioii Hoiithward there are no exposures 
 along the road as far as the j)oint where it is intersected by the road 
 running east to Long Settlement. Occasional outcrops on the hills ijong 
 show them, ho\" >vcr, to ho chiefly composed of petnisilex rocks, with 
 which, as in the last-named settlement, there are beds of ash-rock and 
 amygdaloid, both more or less injected with veins and ma.s.sesof syenite. 
 At several points near Walton Lake these pctrosilicious rocks, which Walton Lake, 
 are black and conspicuously porphyritic, have a distinct southerly dip 
 (S. 20°-40° E. < 70°-80°), and arc in Ihe same direction followed by 
 much softer, pale to bright red, white-weathering felsites, also dipping 
 southerly (S. 40° E. < 70°). These are a portion of Division 4, whose 
 superposiUon on the petrosilex <rroup (Division 3) is thus clearly 
 marked. 
 
 A still better view of the relations of these two groups is to be had 
 about three miles to the eastward of the last traverse, along what is 
 hx'ally known as the Filamaro road, connecting the head-waters of 
 Cedar-camp Creek with the Shepody road. In the deep and precipi- Settlement, 
 tous valley through which this creek passes out from the metamorphic 
 hills the tirst rocks seen, south of the Lower Carboniferous conglom- , 
 crates, are grey, red-weathering and distinctly crystalline felsites, 
 associated with grey breccia-conglomerates full of pebbles of grey 
 granular felsito. To these follow blutt's of tine grey, banded and 
 ribbanded felsites, similar to those of Sherwood's and Veysey's mills, ou 
 Hammond Eiver, and like them having a westerly dip (W. 10° S. < 70°), 
 to which succeed grey banded and very fine-grained felsites, associated 
 with reddish granular feisite, dipping regularly N. 25° W. < 60°. The 
 whole series to this point has a breadth of about one mile. There is 
 then a brief interval without exposures, beyond which a series of 
 
16 lin GEOLOGICAL HIIHVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 sniiill but very proniimMit liilln cotiu' into view, in oiio of which, known 
 Cripp's Hill. as Cripps Hill, a vt-ry letnarkahlo display, and one well r.xliiltitin;^ the 
 peculiar circiiinslance.s under whicii the Iluronian rocks of this rcu;ioii 
 wore depowitod, nmy bo seen. I'lio general structure of the hill is 
 synclinal, boils of hluish-grey tine-ijrained petrosilex ut the southern 
 I'lid dipj)iiiK N. 10° -:U)'' \V.< GO", and at the northern end S. K. <<J0°, 
 while between, the rocks are e.xceedingly broken and irrejjular. This 
 central portion is further peculiar for the variety of rocks which it 
 <>.\hibits, these onibracing, in addition tt» grey and dark-grey i>etn»- 
 ttile.K, heavy masses of ash-rock of grey, green and purple colors, wiiicii 
 are highly epidotic and ainygdaloidal, breccia-conghunerates tilled with 
 fragments both of petrosile.x and ash-rock, grey tine-grained fels]»athic 
 »<andstones, and, tiiuilly, slaty and schistose beds, some of which are 
 «oft and unctuous, and others exceeilingly hard, giving, when struck, 
 a clear metallic ring. The whole section docs not exceed in length tive 
 hundred feet, but in it is contained, as it were, : ii epitome of the entire 
 Iluronian series, as well as an indication of alternating conditions 
 which were probably applicable over far wider areas, the deposition of 
 the |)etrosilex beds having been ajiptirently interrupted, as well as 
 followed, by periods of general disturbance, in which a shattering of 
 the strata occurred, together with numerous outflows of igneous 
 matter and the formation of breccia-conglomerates, these outflows 
 being repeated trom time to time during the deposition of the later 
 'shistose beds, but becoming grailualiy less frequent as the periotl drew 
 to a close. 
 
 South of Cripp's (Jill the rocks, for a quarter of a mile, ai"o chiefly 
 grey felspathic sandstones, but near the Roman ('atholie chapel beds of 
 a somewhat ditt'erent character appear, being greenish-grey slaty, 
 felspathic and micaceous grits, together with tine, fissile, glossy slates, 
 both dipping S. 30° E. < 80°. These rocks resemble some of those in 
 the upper part of Cri])p's Hill, are like them, probably, a portion of 
 Division 4, and here mark the northern margin of an overlying 
 Synclinal. synclinal basin, its southern margin being marked by similar slates 
 having a northerly dip a mile or so to the southward, while in the 
 intermediate area are bright-^rarple conglomerates, together with a 
 very coarse but shistose conglomerate, conUiining pebbles of petrosilex, 
 red felsite, etc., and dipping N. 10° W. < 70°-'J0°. In accordance 
 with this structure the true petrosilex rocks come into view a little 
 south of where the road crosses the boundary line between the parishes 
 of Sussex and Hammond, beyond which to the Shepody Road the only 
 rocks seen are gi'anitoid and gneissic beds, to be hereafter alluded to in 
 connection with the rocks of Division 4. 
 
 To the eastward of Cedai--camp Creek the belt of petrosilex rocks, 
 
SOI'THKRN NKW ilRI'NKWirK. 17 I>I» 
 
 Ix'ndiii^ to tlio north-i'iist, hofomos i,'fo;itIy rtHliicrd in lnvailtli, i;r:iilu:illy 
 
 j)a,sNiiiH; ln'iiealli llii" Lower ('arltoiiiH-rim.s si'dimonts which hoiiml it 
 
 uix)ii the north. In the same direction th*' petrosiU'x appoarrt to Ik'. 
 
 larj^eiy rejthiced hy dioritc and syenite, whicli in Donoi^al Sottli-njenl Uunoifal. 
 
 may he seen intimately associated with it, hut I'lirtlier cast, in the 
 
 Mechanics' Sctllt-nienl, ocelli's to its almost entire exclusion. The MochanicK* 
 I- ., , , ,,. , 1 1 Sottloinoiit. 
 
 Uiorites and syonilcs are much more crystaihiio here lliaii the resem- 
 bling rocl<H to tiie westward, and are proliahly connected with those 
 whicli, to the south and oast, cover large areas on the I'ullct Kivt-r and 
 elsewhere in Alliort county. 
 
 To the east of the Mechanics' Settlement, no rocUs belonging to 
 Division 3 have been observcil. 
 
 Divisum ;{. — Mieacenufi and Chloritic or Schistose- Giuu/>. 
 
 The general character of the rocks of this division have already ''<'en ciiarocterj. 
 given in the preliminary synopsis, as well as incidentally alluded to in 
 connection with the strata of Division 3. From what has been stated, 
 it will fiirtiicr appear that the two groups are intimately as.sociatt'd, 
 and that the j)assage from one to the other is a gradual one. Hetwcen 
 the two, as a whole, however, the contrast is very marked, the transi- rontraxtof 
 tion heiug chiefly seen m those volcanic and ([uasi-igneous deposits .{ami i. 
 which are especially abundant along their line of junction, but which, 
 to a greater or less extent, are characteristic of both. While in the 
 second division, already considered, the rocks are rarely schistose, and 
 often, through great thicknesses, very uniform an<l almost entirely 
 destitute of straliticatioii, as though largely of siilKvrial origin, those of 
 the third division arc much more clearly the result of ordinary aqueous 
 deposition, being very distinctly stratified, and, in addition to large 
 quantities of felspathic and chloritic schists, embrace numerous beds 
 of true conglomerate, some of which contain pebbles derived from the 
 underlying series. Petrosilex and felsites occur in both, bat while in 
 Division 3 these are usually in enormous ma.sses, and very generally 
 more or less brccciated, th(jse of Division 4 arc in comparatively thin 
 bods alternating with schists and conglomerates, and not brccciated. 
 The latter are usually also of lighter colors. But perhaps the most 
 noticeable feature in the grimji, as a whole, is the possession by the 
 latter, in nearly all its members, of a ])eculiar glossy or unctuous 
 character, which is in part due to the frequent dissemination of 
 chlorite, but chiefly to the abundance of a palc-yellowish (sometimes 
 purplish) mineral resembling talc, but which, according to analyses 
 by Dr. Hunt, is in reality a hydrous mica. In this as in other 
 features, the group bears much resemblance to the so-called " altered 
 
18 I>U OEULOUIC'AL SIRVKY <»F CANADA. 
 
 (^uchoc i^roiip " of the oaHtvni towtiships of Caiiuil:!. lAkv the i-ocks of 
 tlif iiitorior division, those of I)ivihioii I :iii' very varioiiHly iiicliiioi, 
 l»iit aloiii; ilit> liiu" of foiilacl Ik'I\v»'Oii tlio two tln-n' is oftt-n a very 
 inai'kcil, Mini soiiu'tiinos an altriijit. ilimiiiiition in tlic dip in |<M^sin;{ 
 from llu' lowci- (<> the liii;iit'i' iii'tl>, whicii. lo^»lht'i' wilii llii- ahiindanfo 
 Iii.liiaiionKot of ainy{;dah>ids at tliis hori/.on and the occiii'ivncc of coarse t-on^htnie- 
 I'.i'i'ity. '"^""* lates (in jtarl niaoo u|) (»f peldtU's from Hivision li), neeni to puini lo 
 their partial niu unforinaliility. It is on oi- near this line of >eparalion 
 tiia( the ,>yeMitc'> to whieh lel'erenee has been made are eliietiy nut 
 with, as well as j^neissic and i^raniloid roeks, whieh are prohaoly, in 
 part at least, oidy a tnore altered form of the seliistosc soi'I.'S. 
 
 |}y far the most eomjilete and instnielivo views to he had of the 
 ijroiip under eonsideralion jire those atVonled ri'spiu-lively \>y llandford 
 Ihook, a tiihulary of ll:immond iJiver, and hy the line of the St. 
 MurtinH it Upham railway near Henry's Lake — the one on the 
 northern and the other on tiie southern side of the more .southerly 
 lluroidan helt of St. John and Kinijs eounly. 
 iiHinlfiiril The exposures on llandford iSrook are mainly hetweon tlu' point ol 
 
 ^"" ' junetiou of its two prineipal hranehes on the one haiul, and Upham's 
 
 (now McAfee's) mill on the other. Owin;.^ t() the hroken and sinuous 
 character of the stream, as well as from the irri'i,'ularitii's of the rocks 
 themsi'Ives, no exact section of the latter was found to be practicahio, 
 l»ut tlie i:;eneral order t)f succession, from south to north, is nearly uh 
 follows: — 
 
 ."^option on Grey felsp.ithic and siiiidy nn'ks, contitiiiin,^ iiumoroua smiill slaty pebbles, 
 
 Mancltdrd • dip[>ing uorttiward at low anglt'H and followed by pin-plisli-red and red 
 
 clayKtoiics, into which the suidstones fjnidimte liotli in color and te.\- 
 tiire. These rocks ociui at and below tlic driviiig-<lain where the south 
 branch of Haiidtord Hrook is erosRcd by the road leading to Mount 
 Theobald, and, with some grey aniygtlaloid and toadstone, occupy this 
 branch to its junction with the niaiii stream, a distance of about a fur- 
 ■ long. The latter, for half a-niile, then runs nearly on the strike of the 
 beds, which here consist partly of dark-purplish conglomerates and 
 slates (the former containing specular iron.) and partly of purj)lish- 
 V , brown stripeii and well-stratified felsites, whieh are more or less petro- 
 siliccous, and sometimes pass into or include a true dark-grey petrosilex. 
 The dip in this distance changes from N. 80' W. \ 9n" to N. (JO" W. < 
 40°. Below the bend in the stream, where the latter begins to flow 
 northward, the succession is as follows : — 
 Pale-grey and pink felsites and slaty fel8i>athic rocks, often rusty-weath- 
 ering. These are in part a repetition of the beds alK)ve described near 
 the driving-dam on the South Branch, and, like the latter, have but 
 little inclination, forming a series of low and open folds. Both are 
 apparently imeonformable to the petrosilex rocks, over which they lie 
 in a series of more or less isolated basins, but with a general northerly 
 
SOUTHERN NEW Bill NSWICK. 10 Ii|» 
 
 dip. Tli«-y iiIm) iiicliKli- bftU of roii^^lnmiTiit)-, in wliii h itrt! ciu IomhI 
 niinicriiiis |k'I)Ii|i'm hI |ii'tri>itili'X. ami itic (irnlwiltly <>( tlir Miiiir hi rizoii 
 UN till' Ih'iU III riiiniliii I iiii)|Miniti<iii on ('ii|>{>ri Hill, In Filaiuiirn '-rttli'- 
 ntfiit, Hiiil vIhowIriu. Liko tiu' liittor, they iirt; hhmh jatoil with itiid 
 I'iiIIkwi'iI liy — 
 
 Fiiie-t,'iiiiiuil iliinitic m ii.'sh-iiickH. of K'''y! Krccii utiil pmiilc ruli'-K, nui- 
 tiiiniii); much chlorite or cpitlolc, ami ulteii vury iiiuygiluloiiliii, Ihf 
 aiiiyuiliili'H liciri;; ol'iiili itc iiiiil milky i|iiiii't/. wih liiioiiti' aiul i'|iii|iilr. 
 Tlu-y arc in |nirt uii aMh-ci>iii;liimcnit(', like tLimi' ol (tnliK'ii Giovc, uiid, 
 ax thcHc, iiicliidi- iiunu-riiiiH IkhIh of oniiiiary t-oiiKlomvrHtv, of >;rfvii, 
 rcil uliil |iin'|ilc ciilorN. t^i^cthcr with Home ),'ri'cii cliii litic aiiil ('|>iiliitic 
 HiatcH. The tli|i of the IhmIh is very ;;cm;raily uorthwurd iit iiUNlcriitu 
 auKluB, varyiiih' usually from N. 10' W. to N. «0 \V. -^ 60", but at 
 Koinu points N. to N. Id K. - tio . In approadiinn McAfee's mil! '•« 
 dip licconieK more westerly (N. <>!•' W. ^ 6i»'.), and the amyi^dalonitt 
 and aHsociated lieds are followed hy— 
 
 Coarse purple ipiartz coii;;li>meratcs, dippin;; N. 'lu W 20 . These latter 
 mark the iiase of the Primordial series, of which fossiliferoUH 8hale8 are 
 found, as heretofore noticed, at McAfee's null. 
 
 The so«'li(»ii oil tlio Si. Miirtin's aiul rpliain lailwu}', at Ileni-y'H iienry'iLakc. 
 Lake, Ls closely parullol with that of Ilaiwliord ihook, hut t<.\hihitH 
 still more clrarly tlio chai'aiUT and ri'latioiis o|' Divisions 3 and t. .lust 
 north ol' tiie lake iiU'iTcil to, tliooldor locks aiv mostly conceak-d I'roni 
 view by heavy deposits of Lower Carlionileious eony;loinefate {whieh 
 here oeeur I'ai- ahove iheii- usual elevation, and have n low northward 
 dip,) l»ut on j)assinj^ its we.stern side there appear from henealh the 
 latter, lieds of a more erystalline eharacter than are usually met with 
 in this region, viz., dark gi'ey syenite roek>, containing laluadorite, 
 associated with a coarsely crysttilline, hut much softer, frialdo rock, 
 containing red felspar, minified with soft acicular crystals. These tiro 
 near the folks of tin' roail at A. McCurdy's. Krom this point to the 
 southern extremity of the lake there are no e.xposures, hut Just north i>f 
 the saw-mill at the head of the lake similar rocks are attain met witii, 
 and for a distance ^A' nearly two miles are finely e.xhihited in the 
 railway oxcavjitions. The succession in siscending order is as follows : 
 
 Div. 3. — Dark grey flinty petrosilex. Dip H. 30" E. 90°. febt. Section fouth 
 
 Div. 4. — I'urple and green slaty conglomerates, with fragments of green Lake^'"^*^''' 
 
 and purple slati', pale grey felsite and red jasper. Dip. S. 
 45' W. <;^ 30°. Interstratified with these ro<ks and gradu- 
 .■itiiig into them are petrosilicious and felsite beds, in part 
 lliiityand homogeneous, and in part a coarse conglomerate, 
 full o(^ pi'trosilex fragment*!, both greatly shattered and 
 brecciated ; also fine-grained siindy and dioritic rocks, con- 
 taining much epidote. Tho surface breadth of the whole 
 
 is abt)Ut 2500 
 
 Fine fissile dark green chlorite schists 50 
 
20 nn GEOLOGICAL snnvET op canada. 
 
 nmr. 
 
 Very coarse iimygdaloid, of prey, green, red and purple colors, 
 
 the amygdules mostly of white (piartz, with chlorite and 
 epldote. These rocks are distinctly he<l(le<l with dip vary- 
 ing from S. 20° W. < 40° to S. 30° E. < 60°, and have a 
 
 surface breadth of 3000 
 
 Measures concealed 115 
 
 Purjjle grits 226 
 
 Greenish Kvndstoiie or chloritic grit, overlying fine-grained 
 siindy or slaty rocks, much seamed and broken, and having 
 the flaws and crevices covered with chlorite and epidotc. 
 Dip in part E. 30° S. < 50°. 
 Dark green, highly chloritic and epidotic, fine-grained rocks, 
 with purple conglomerates, slates and fine saiidstoiies, more 
 or less t;vlcoid ; also incl«<ling two considerable masses of 
 felsite, the more northerly jiale-red or flesh-colored, the 
 second and smaller pale-purple, while both are pyritous 
 antl rusty-weathering. The <Hp in some parts is northerly, 
 but usually to the south, ami the total breadth about 3400 
 
 The .succossioii exhibited in the above section applies, as regards its 
 general features, to the whole belt of shistose rocks skirting the petro- 
 silex band along its southern margin. The passage between the two 
 divisions, as before observed, is very generally marked by a decided 
 and often abrupt decrease in the dip, as well as by the occurrence of 
 coarse diorites and breccia-conglomerates, and by thick beds of amyg- 
 daloid. This dip, though suiyect to much local irregularity, is also in 
 both, as a whole, to the south, and the super-position of the shistose 
 beds upon the petrosilex distinct and well-detined. At the same time 
 there are some variations in the extent and special features of the beds 
 at different points, a few of which may be noticed. 
 
 To the west of the Henry's Lake line of section the best exposures are 
 Upper those aftbrded by what are known as the Upper and Lower (Juaco 
 
 Quaco road. "^ 
 
 roads. On the upper and most easterly of these two thoroughfares 
 
 the most noticeable feature is the abundance of a pale or white, very 
 
 rusty-weathering, felspathic quartzite, or flinty felsite. It occupies 
 
 about the same position as that of the felsite beds south of Henry's 
 
 Lake, but is far more voluminous, having an apparent breadth of over 
 
 1,000 yards, with a southerly dip, which in some parts is as high as 
 
 85°. Similar but more sandy beds have already been noticed as 
 
 occurring in Golden Grove and Bftrnesville. As at Henry's Lake, they 
 
 lie to the southward of a considerable body of dioritic, ejiidotic and 
 
 amygdaloidal rocks of grey, green and purple colors, which, with 
 
 bright green, purple and grey sandstones, purple porphyritic felsite 
 
 and bluish-grey jjetrosilex-conglomerate, occur between them and 
 
 the main body of petrosilex to the north. To the south, near the nead 
 
SOUTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK. 21 DD 
 
 of Quigley Brook, they are covered by Lower Carboniferous conglom- 
 erates. 
 
 The Lower (iiiaco roiul crosses the schistose belt obliquely. Here Lower 
 the ilioritic and am3'g(laloi(lal rocks are less conspicuous, and in their 
 place there is a much greater development of the true schists, with the 
 associated sandstones and schistose conglomerates. Tiiese may be seen 
 almost all the way from the crossing of Stonj' Brook to Donnelly's 
 Inn, near which, as well as in the Ilibernia Settlement, just to the cast, 
 they may be seen resting against the petrosilex ridges with the same 
 marked decrease of dip already noticed. Along the Quaco rotul the 
 inclination rarely exceeds (iO^, and is often as low as 30°, generally 
 S. 10°-20° E. < 60°, the beds consisting of pale yellowish-green and 
 purple talco-felspathic or hydro mica schists and green chlorilic schists, 
 with grey, flesh-colored and purple slaty felsites in repeated alternations. 
 Many of the schistose beds are quartzose or gritty, though still retain- 
 ing tlieir glossy or unctuous aspect, and not unfrequently include beds 
 of purple conglomerate and sandstone possessing the same feature. 
 The breadth of the entire belt at this point, measured across tiio 
 strike, is about two and a-half miles, but as there arc undoubtedly 
 faults repeating the measures, the actual thickness of the latter is only 
 a matter of conjecture. 
 
 Another very complete view of the rocks of this series is to be seen 
 on the Black River road, south of Bloomsbury Mountain, except that 
 they are here obscured by association with Devonian rocks. The 
 following section on the latter is in direct continuation of thatgiv^en on 
 page 10 Di), and will servo to exhibit the relations of these two groups: 
 
 FKET. 
 
 Grey slaty felsites at beginning, overlying dioritic and amygdaloidal ^ .. ., 
 
 ash-rocks. Space mostly concealed .lYS of Bloomsbury 
 
 Pale yellowish-green felspathic schists, varying to grey and purple. 
 
 Dip S. 15" E. < 50" 250 
 
 Measures concealed, except a ledge at end, of pale pink unctuous slaty 
 
 felsite or felspathic schist 1300 
 
 Grey porphyritic felspathic schist, occurring at intervals as far as the 
 bridge over the east branch of Black River, where occur similar 
 schists, together with pale grey, unctuous and rusty-weathering 
 slates, conspicuously porphyritic with pale angular felspathic 
 blotches. Dip S. 40° E. < 60" 325 
 
 Measures concealed 1870 
 
 Bright purple slates and slaty sandstones, dipping S. 20° E. <^ 90° and 
 
 exposed at several points within a space of 1720 
 
 Coarse purple conglomerate with beds of grey grit. The pebbles in 
 this conglomerate are of red slate and sandstone, green diorite, 
 purple amygdaloid, purple porphyry, white quartz and granitoid 
 rock,— all evidently derived from beda of Division 4, and indicat- 
 
22 Di) 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 Devonian 
 rocks. 
 
 Black River. 
 
 East Branch. 
 
 KKET. 
 
 ing that these i origluincrate.s (which dip S. 30° E. < 60°) are of 
 
 Devonian age. Tiieir liroatltli aeross the Ktrike is 525 
 
 ( 'oarse grey sliales ami purple sandstones. Devonian / 180 
 
 Measures concealed .300 
 
 Bright purple shite 50 
 
 Talco-felspatliic .scliists, wltli luight-green slaty beds. Dip S. 20° E. 
 
 \ 75 ' 40 
 
 Bright-green diorite, followed liy greenish and purplish hydro-mica 
 
 schists and glossy grits. Dip S. 10" E. \ 50' 330 
 
 Mrlght purple-red, fine conglomemte, with white kaolinized specks. 
 
 Dip N. 10' E. . 30" 180 
 
 Green dioritic and schistose beds 125 
 
 ruri)h! schist. Dip S. 30^ E. < 40' 50 
 
 Measures concealed 220 
 
 (!rey sandstones, containing irregular beds of impure grey limestone, 
 
 both staiui'd with green carbonate of copper. Dip varying from 
 
 N. 20 ' W. ^ 50° to N. 30° E. \ 10°. (Devonian ?) 75 
 
 Schistose and ferruginous greenish-grey granitoid rock. Dip S. E. <^ 
 
 30° 140 
 
 Measures c uucealed 370 
 
 (Jreenish-grey and rusty schistose beds. Dip S. 50° E. •< 40° 220 
 
 Measxires concealed to junction of Mounttiin road with that Icfiding 
 
 west, to mouth of Black River 870 
 
 The as.s()ciatioii of Dovoniuii with lluroiiiun sti-uui, indicated in 
 the aliove section, is still moiv iniii'ked on the main stream of BUiclc 
 Hiver and in the I'Cgion to the westwai-d, the newer formation being 
 here represented, in addition to other beds, by the grey " Dadoxylon" 
 sandstone, whiih at St. John and elsewhere forms one of its mo.st 
 characteristic members. It is I'cmarkable that throiigli much of this 
 region (frofii Hlack Jiivcr westward to Mispeck) these two formations 
 sh(;iikl accord almost exactly both in strike and dip, the Devonian 
 being iticludeil afnong the lluronian rocks and both dipping southward 
 at high angles ; but, in addition to the tact that the conglomerates of 
 the former are largely made up of the debris of the latter, there arc 
 points in which this concordance is clearly wanting. The most remark- 
 able of these is on Black Eiver, about half a mile from the bridge at 
 its mouth, and near its point of confluence with the East Branch. At 
 and above the bridge, for j.bout a furlong, the rocks are bright puri)le 
 highly micaceous beds, in part slaty, but mostly coarse grits, passing 
 into conglomerates, with pebbles of white quartz, quartzite, red slate, 
 etc., with large quartz veins, and varying in dip from S. E. < 70° to 
 S. 15° E. < 40°. Iti approaching the mouth of East Branch the 
 Dado.xylon sandstone is seen to rise from beneath these last named 
 beds, with a dip S. 20° B. < '75°-80°. This, however, soon declines to 
 S. E. < 40°, and gradually bends around to S. 20° W. < 20°, being 
 
SniTTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK. 23 DD 
 
 followed closely by i^rey glossy slates having the normal dip (S. 20° 
 E. •< 40°) as well a* the aspect of the Huronian rocks, while still higher 
 up the stream are other Nhistoso beds of grey and greenish colors, maiu' 
 of which are poi-phyritic with paler fels]>athir hlotchcs, as already 
 noticed in the case of those seen where the East Branch crosses the 
 Mountain road. To the south of the Ulack Kivcr bridge, between the 
 latter and the mouth of the stream, some of the rocks have the aspect 
 of Devonian sediments, but the bulk of the beds are those of Division 
 
 4, being greenish, granitoid aTid micaceous schists, having a general dip 
 
 5. 50° K. <; ()0°, but much broken, and having irregular veins of mixed 
 quartz and chlorite. West of the mouth of Black Iiiver the same 
 granitoid and schistose beds, together with glossy grey atid ]tui'])le 
 slates, grey sandstones and conglomerates, form the hills oveilookiiig 
 the shore at West Beach, between Beveridge's and Thompson's (_'oves, 
 and are the beds described in the Report of Progress for 1870-71 as 
 containing large beds of iron ore. These are conformably inters! ratified 
 with the shistose beds, attain at some jtoints a thickncssof twenty feet, 
 and occur at intervals as far as the mouth oi Black Eiver. 
 
 We may now return to the region east of the line of tiie St. Martins 
 railwa}-. On the main road leading from Upham to (Juaco, south of 
 Wocxl Lake, there are good exjiosures of ash-rocks and amygdaloids 
 similar to those of the section near Henry's Lake, and with the same 
 diversity' of dips, while the schistose beds are concealed by overlying 
 Carboniferous sediments (Millstone-grit). The schistone rocks, however, 
 ap})ear a few miles to the eastward, along the course of Vaughan's 
 and Macomber's brooks. They hei'e include several thick masses of 
 fclsite of various colors, from pale jmrplish red-and-j>ink to dark grey, 
 and sometimes ribbanded, together with bi'ight purple and ri'd slate- 
 conglomerates, purple grits and sandstones; they aj)])car to ibrm a 
 series of folds, the dip being in some parts northei-l}- and in othei-s 
 southerly, but with great irregularity. The observations during the 
 past two seasons have not extended eastward beyond this ])oint. 
 From the general range, however, of the series as a whole, together 
 with the course of the beds on Vaughan's Creek, it seems ])roL»able 
 that the latter are directly connected with the somewhat similar beds 
 described in earlier reports as occurring along the valley of Little 
 Salmon River, and be^'ond in Albert county. It is to the north of the 
 last-named valley and along the course of tiie Hhepod}' road that the 
 granitoid and gneissic rocks, described on a former page as here 
 flanking the petrosilex belt, are met with. Among the beds there are 
 many which bear much resemblance to those of Division 4, as befoi-e 
 described, while others are more highly crystalline; but whether 
 actually a portion of that division here gi-eatly altered b}' syenitic 
 
24 DI) GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 intnision, or, on the other hand, a portion of an older formation 
 coming to the surface, the writer hiul not the opportunities of determ- 
 ining. They may be seen along the Shepody road at many points 
 between the head oi' Salmon Iliver and the Albert County line, as also 
 further north in the vicinity of PoUet Lake and the Mechanics' Settle- 
 ment. Here ledges of grey gneissie reck, of talcoid or protogene 
 aspect, and having bright felspar, may be seen alternating with beds of 
 grey glossy or unctuous slates and greenish-grey hydro-mica schists, 
 both dipping northerly (N. 30°-35° W. < (50°), while on the shores of 
 I Pollet Lake are numerous ledges of red syenite, the beginning of a 
 
 large area of such rock extending southerly and eastwardly into 
 Albert county. To the north of the Mechanics' Settlement, schistose 
 rocks, in the form of grey unctuous slates, were observed on the 
 Penobsquis road overlying diorite and dark grey petrosilex. They 
 dip northerly, as does the petrosilex, and include the beds described in 
 previous reports as containing beds of Albertite. 
 
 In the more northerly band of lluronian sediments described as 
 extending from the vicinity of St. John to Barnesville, there are com- 
 paratively few rocks which can be distinctively refei'red to Division 4. 
 Thej^ are not, however, wholly wanting, and, where found, hold the 
 same relations to the associated rocks as in the region last described. 
 
 Among the localities to which the above remarks ap])ly, one of the 
 most noticeable is that of Carleton, just west of St. John Harbor, 
 whei-e the tbllowing section has been made. It is apparently an 
 ascending one, but in reality, owing to an inversion of the beds, 
 descending : — 
 
 . . FEET. 
 
 Carleton"' Grey Primordial slates, exposed along the course of Duke Street, 
 
 with dip S. 40° E. < 60^ 75 
 
 Hollow filled with clay, with small ledge at end, of giey micaceous 
 
 sandstone (Primordial) 400 
 
 Measures concealed 75 
 
 Grey sandy slate. Dip S. 10 E. < 70'. (Primordial) 125 
 
 Purple sandy slate, dip S. 10° E. < 70" (Primordial), and grey sandy 
 
 slate, spotted with films of mica 160 
 
 Measures concealed 115 
 
 Purple (very ochreous) and micaceou.'s, hard grey sandstone and sandy 
 
 slate. Dip S. 20' W. < 70 " 50 
 
 Bright purple sandy slate 25 
 
 Massive g^-eenish-grey, tine-grained diorites, more or less chloritic and 
 
 am)-gdal()idal, with veins and amygdules of white quartz. 
 
 (Division 3 or 4) 500 
 
 Measures cimcealed 160 
 
 Grey felspathic slates, about twenty feet in thickness, directly overlaid 
 
 (with dip S. 10° E. < 60°,) by massive greenish-grey diorites and 
 
 ash-rocks 50 
 
 Measures concealed, to crossing of St. James' street 375 
 
SOUTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK. 25 DD 
 
 From St. James' street to the railway crossing near the bay shore, a 
 distance of about 1,2G0 feet, there are no rock exposures along the line 
 of the section, but a little to the oa.stward, at and about what is known 
 as Blue Hock, are beds which, if extended, would fall into this space. 
 They are greenish-grey, chlorito-felspathic schists, full of ochreous 
 seams and blotches ; grey and purple slates and dolomites with seams 
 of calcite, and massive, imperfectly slaty and very chloritic dark green 
 rocks containing much epidote, together with dykes of diorite and 
 irregular lenticular bands, six to eight inches in width, of dense petro- 
 silex. It is the same series which, extending westwardly through 
 Manawagonish Island, reappears on the bay shcn'O in the peninsula of 
 Pisarinco. 
 
 The above exposures in Oarleton lie to the south of the Primordial 
 belt, and, with their continuation across St. John Harbor and Courtnay 
 Bay, are, as described in jirevious reports, overturned upon the latter. 
 On the north side of the same belt the schistose rocks of Division 4 are 
 very inconspicuous near St. John (forming a narrow band extending 
 eastward from the Suspension Bridge through Reed's Hill), but become 
 somewhat more prominent further east. On the road to Lily Lake Lily Lake, 
 they consist of pale greenish and purplish-grey felspathic rocks, 
 obscurely stratified, and interwoven with grey limestones of Divi- 
 sion 2, and purple sandy slates marking the base of the Primordial, 
 both dipping southerly (S. 00° E. < 50°). Near the Coldbrook Coldbrook. 
 Iron Works there are heavy beds of coarse grey and purple 
 slate-conglomerate, some of which evidently belong to the Primor- 
 dial series, while others probably' appertain to Division 4 of the 
 pre Silurian rocks. These latter, which are more or less chloritic, 
 cross the Westmorland rojwi about half a mile east of the nail 
 factory and reai)pear on the okl road from Coldbrook to Loch Lomond, ?'•• Loch . 
 
 -' . ... Lomond road. 
 
 where they are associated with pale grey glossy and pyritous felsites, 
 
 elsewhere common in Division 4, and dip S. 10° E. < 40°. Farther 
 
 south, and on the same road, are pui'ple and grey ochreous felspathic 
 
 quartzites (also dipping southerly), bright-purple slates with white 
 
 talcoid blotches, and pale grey alternating with bright-purjde slates, 
 
 some of which contain small pebbles of grey, ferruginous ash-rocks. 
 
 Fi'om the want of exposui-es the relations of the different groups in 
 
 this region cannot be clearly made out, but it would appear that in 
 
 approaching the petrosilex belt which forms the prominence of Ben 
 
 Lomond, the rocks of Division 4 bifurcate, or form two belts, of which 
 
 the more northerly extends up the valley of the Coldbrook Stream to 
 
 Quinn's Lake (where they consist of schistose felspathic betls otgrey, Quinn'gLake. 
 
 green and ])urple colors, with purple slates, grits and conglomerates, 
 
 dipping S. 20°-40° E. < 60°-80°), and the more southerly in the 
 
26 DD 
 
 GEOLOOICAL srRVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 Pre-Silurian 
 rucks of Kines 
 
 direction of Loch LohioikI. Tlic iuttci- is of special interest from the 
 evident unconformability l>et\veen it and the Primordial belt, the rocks 
 of which, to the south of Coldhrook and near the lakes of the Water 
 Compan}-, bend around a ridge composed of purplish petrosilicious 
 rocks of Division 4, and are again found in isolated patches covering 
 the latter near the western end of Loch Lomond. 
 
 The occurrence of schistose rocks and conglomerates resembling 
 those of Division 4 in (lolden (Jrove and Willow tJi'ove settlements, 
 has been ali-eady alluded .to on an earlier page. 
 
 In connection with the revision of the pre-Silurian rocks of St. John 
 and King's counties, of which the results liave now been given, an 
 opportunity has been embraced during the past summer to make a 
 partial re-examination also of the sediments underlying or connected 
 with the more northerly belt of Primordial slates, described in former 
 re])orts a^^ occupying portions of the Long Reach of the St. John River 
 in King's county. The result of this examination was to show not 
 only a larger development of the Primordial in the valley referred to, 
 but to exhibit a marked parallelism between the inferior beds and those 
 occupying a similar position nearer the coast. 
 
 The following section, measured nearly across the strike, from near 
 the mouth of Jones's Creek to the shore of the St. John Fiiver, near 
 Caton's Island, will serve to illustrate this point. The section is an 
 ascending one : — 
 
 Section west of 
 Jones' Creek. 
 
 FKET. 
 
 Grey slates, with Upper Silurian fossils, and including beds of dark 
 grey cr}'stalline diorite. Dip S. \ C0"-80^ 
 
 licd crystalline felsite, covered on soiithern side liy grey light- 
 weathering felspathic sandstone. Dip S. ^ 70 100 
 
 •~ ' Measures concealed, with ledges of diorite at end 500 
 
 Grey felspathic sandstone and diorite 125 
 
 Measures conceale<l, with ledges at end, of grey, white-weather- 
 ing, very felspathic sandstone, approaching felsite. Dip 
 
 S. <^ 80" 830 
 
 The .'iiinie, with grey felspathic conglomerate 250 
 
 Grey felspathic sandstone 770 
 
 Measures concealed, witli ledges of grey sundstonc at (Mid 875 
 
 Aleasures concealctl 450 
 
 Grey felsiiathic sandstone 270 
 
 Measures concealed 125 
 
 Coarse grey diorite 75 
 
 Measures iM>ncealed 400 
 
 .J (ircy ruhhly felsite 50 
 
 Grey amygdaloidal sandstone, or ash-roek, and dark pnrplish- 
 
 grey amygdaloid. Dip S. \ 40° 600 
 
■* 
 
 e 
 
 ^5 
 
 .a 
 i "5 
 
 SOUTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK. 27 DD 
 
 KKKT. 
 
 Measures mostly concealed, bnt including ledges of pale red 
 
 talco-felspathii- gneiss 400 
 
 Spjue, with lc<lg(! at end, of red granulite 250 
 
 Purple, red and tiesh-colored granulite or iiuartz-porphyry, com- 
 posed of miK'h felspar, Muall grains of quartz, and a pale 
 green mineral, well stratified and dipping N. 10° W. <^ 80°. 
 
 These rocks fwrm the greater part ol a high ridge overlooking 
 the river having an elevation of nearly 400 feet and a sur- 
 fiice l>rcadth of about CGO 
 
 On the Bouthcru face of this hill the granulite last referred to 
 is oviirlaid by very coarse purple-red conglomerates, con- 
 tainiii^' large rounded pebbles of purple-red granulite in a 
 re<tdish clay-stone baseband dipping N. 10" W. \ 80°. They 
 are believed to form the base of the Primordial series, 
 and have an exposed breatlth of 150 
 
 The Primordial rocks which succeed to the above and which form 
 the shore of the Si. John River near Caton's Island, are described 
 beyond. 
 
 To the westward of the above lin'3 of section the rocks, with the 
 exce])tion of those constitutini^ the continuation of the granulite ridge 
 anil the Primordial beds (pur]>le sandstones and diorites) which overlie 
 the latter, are mostly concealed from view. The granulite ridge is, 
 however, traceal)le along th(! entire northern side of the Long Reach 
 Valley, passing in the rear of the Devil's Back, near which its continuitj'^ 
 is broken by a lateral dislocation, crossing the mouth of the Nei-epis 
 River not far from Nerepis Station. In addition to the granuljtes a 
 few other rock exposures are to be seen at different points in the valley 
 between the latter and the granite range to the northward, a })ortion 
 of which are grey slates and sandstones containing Upper Silurian 
 fossils, while others, b}' their highly crystalline character and general 
 aspect, recall the rocks of the Iluronian and Laurentian sj'stems. These 
 latter are most dearl}' exhibited towai-ds the western extremity of the 
 disti'ict, along the roads leading north from the lower part of the 
 Reach, and especially about Long Lake and the stream leading thence 
 to Elliott's inill on the Nerepis River. Along the stream in question 
 the beds consist chiefly of a highly crystalline and granitoid orsyenitic 
 rock containing much chlorite, with whiith are some beds of pale red 
 granular felsite, but further north there are with these, chloritic and 
 felspathic schists, dipping northerly, and holding ^at Belj^ea's) veins of 
 white quartz stained with carbonate of copper. They are probably in 
 part a continuation of the beds described in previous reports as ex|)osed 
 on the St. John and Maine railway (Western Extension), and are either 
 of Huron ian or Laurentian age. 
 
 4 
 
28 ui) 
 
 aBOLOOICAL SUaVEV OP CANADA. 
 
 Earlier 
 Ke|>urts. 
 
 Unconfonna- 
 bility of 
 Primordial to 
 Huronian. 
 
 Coldbrook. 
 
 Old Loch 
 Lomond road. 
 
 Water Co. 
 Lakes. 
 
 Loch Lomond. 
 
 The Primordial or St. John Group. 
 
 The {general character and distribution of the rocks of this group, 
 more |)articularly as exhibited neur the city of St. John, have alreaily 
 been i^iven in earlier reports. The observations made thereon during; 
 the two past summers have been partly to <^ive completeness and 
 accuracy to what was previously known, but chiefly to determine the 
 relations of the Primordial to the associatctl strata, as already in part 
 described in ])receding ])ages. 
 
 In tiu! Report of Progress for 1870-71, the only rocks described as 
 directl}' belonging to the St. John or Acadian group are the dark- 
 colored sandstones and slates which make up its principal bulk, and 
 from tlie lower beds of which, resting upon a white sandstone or 
 quartzite, the fossils by wliich its age was determined were deriveil. 
 A series of red and green argillites, sandstones and conglomerates, 
 described uncler the name of the " Upper Coldbrook " group, was 
 spoken of as forming an unfossiliferous portion of the same group, as 
 were also certain beds of grey felsj)athic sandstone, with chloritic 
 schist and bi-eccia-conglomerate, at first described as No. C of the Cold- 
 brook-lluronian group. There can be little doubt that these latter 
 beds, which have been described in preceding pages, are really a portion 
 of Division -t of the pre-Silurian rocks, and that the real base of the 
 St. John group is to be found in the red and purj)lo sediments which 
 succeed. Adopting this view, the uncomformability of the two groups 
 is marked and general. 
 
 In tracing th'^ Primordial belt eastward from the city of St. John, 
 the first point a, \vhich the uncomformability referred to may be seen 
 is in the district l^Mng between the Coldbrook stream and the high-road 
 to Loch Lomond. At the Coldbrook nail factory the dark grey shales 
 hoUling trilobites, etc., may be seen resting as usual against beds of pale 
 grey or white sandstone, and this in turn upon bright red and purple 
 slates and conglomerates. While, howevei", the bulk of the latter beds 
 have a dip S. 10° E. < °(i0-80°, anil with a corresponding trend, may 
 be traced eastward to the Old Loch Lomond road, the quartzites and 
 connected beds show a tendency to sweep around to thtj southward, 
 becoming at the same time broken and faulted. The cause of this 
 change is probably to be found in the occurrence, just south of tliis 
 point, t)f an area of Huronian rocks, over or around which the Primor- 
 dial beds would appear to fold, for on crossing in the direction of the 
 lakes of the Water Company, the white quartzites are again met with, 
 now with a southerly dip (S. -< 00°) just south of the ridge of these 
 older rocks. In approaching Loch Lomond, similar discordances 
 between the two groups may be seen, the Primordial beds at some 
 
SOUTHERN NEW BRirNHWICK. 29 DI> 
 
 points restiiif; u])on tlic rocks of Division 4, jind ul others ujx)n tiioso 
 of Division 3, besides heinij liroiion by numerous faults. Near the 
 western extremity of the First Lake, the cliuracteristic white quartzite 
 Ixilow the fossiliferous beds may be seen dippini( X. < (50° towards, and 
 onl}' a few miles distant from, the dark i^re}' petrosilex of the IJen 
 Lomond ranj^e, and ai^ain a little to the westward similar quartzites, 
 with i^rey sandy and micaceous shales, may be 8een overlying purple 
 sandstones and coni^lomerates with a similar, but much higher, northerly 
 dip (N. 10° W. < 75°-80°). Near Allandale, however, on the] Loch Allandale. 
 Lomontl highway, coarse ])urple conglomerates (containing white 
 quartz pebbles) which belong to this series and which are overlaiil by 
 dark grey slates, have a southward dip of 43° ; and again, on the Old 
 Loch Lomond road, a similar southward dip of ()0°. It would a])j»car 
 as if the I'rimordial beds were irregulai'.y sj»read over ridges or among 
 the hollows of the IIuroni:;ii series, there having intervened both 
 movements and erosion, though from the extent to which the country 
 is here covered with drift the details of their relations cannot satis- 
 factoril}- be made out. 
 
 The facts connected with the distribution and chai-acters of the 
 Primordial rocks south of the First Loch Lomond Lake have already 
 been given in an earlier report, as also lists of the fossils found at 
 Uatclitt'e's mill-stream, three miles south of the head of the lake, by 
 which their age was first determined. The beds below the fossiliferous 
 strata at the latter jwint are as follow : — 
 
 Coansc jiroy shale and hard grey .sandstone, nearly vertical. Section on 
 
 Fine i)Urplo sandstones and grey sandy sliales. Dip S. 30 K. < 90". Ratcliffe's mill- 
 
 Pine sandstones, lianiled or ribbanded with grey and purple. 
 
 Fine olive-grey shale. Dip S. 30^ E. < 90", declining to 70". 
 
 Piirplish-red sandy slate. S. 20" E. < 30°. 
 
 Purplish eonglomerate, with pebbles of quartzite, felsite, red jasper, etc. ; 
 the dip declining from 10° to o", and subsequently becoming N. 70" \V. 
 < 10°. From this point the dip of the beds becomes exceedingly 
 inegular, varying within ten feet from S. 50" E. < 40" to S. 10" \V. < 
 90°, and forming a series of folds, in some of which the conglomerates 
 or sandstones, in others the olive-grey shales, come into view. The 
 beds are also much faulted. About half a mile above, the fossil-bearing 
 beds nuiy be seen to rest upon the syenites before describeii as 
 extending thence across the Quaco road towards Negro Lake. 
 
 Li tracing the Primordial belt to the eastward of Loch Lomond it 
 soon slu>ws a teudeucy to bifui-cate, one branch, the northern, extend- 
 ing as fai- as the head of the Third Lake in the direction of Barnesville. 
 while the main band trends more to the southward, sweeping around a 
 high ridge of Iluronian rock, and from the heail of Ratditte's mill- 
 stream extending eastward to the valley of Germain Brook. Along 
 
30 nn 
 
 GEOLOaiCAL SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 Third Loch tho highway soiilh of the Thinl Luke the ^rey nandy shales of tho 
 series may be seen at several points with a dip which is at Hi-st N. 25° 
 W. < 30°, hut which j,'ra<huilly chan^'es to N. 20° W. < 70°, N. < 80° 
 and N. 10° H. < 30°. Alon^ the course of a small hrook at the head 
 
 FosHild. of the lake tho Ixxls are fossiliferoiis, and fossils (similar to those of 
 
 Katclitfe's mill-stream) may also he found a mile or so to the southward, 
 on the farm of R. Stack house. The inferior coarse heds of tho series, 
 ccmsistin^ of purplish-red conglomerates, full of white quartz ])eltl>les, 
 aro finely e.X])osod along the course «>f the post-road to IJarncsville, 
 whore they dip S. < 30°, and are associated (as at Ratclitfe's) with ver}' 
 fine }^vcy sandstones, banded with ])urj)le. Tiie last beds visible in this 
 direction are not far from the hea<l of the Third Ijake, but from their 
 course at this ])oint and the occurrence further eastwai-d of numerous 
 large blocks of purjdc sandstone, it is conjectured that a spur of 
 Primordial rocks may at one time have extended through the valley of 
 South Stream to its junction with llaiiimfuid Kiver. The soft groy 
 shales overlying the ferruginous sandstones and purple conglomerates 
 at the mill in Barnesville may possibly be of this series. 
 
 Between the head of Ratcliffe's inillstream and (Jermain Hrook there 
 ai'e but few exposures of the Primordial rocks, tho vallo}' which thoy 
 occu])y being mostly filled with drift as well as reduced in breadth by 
 tho approximation of the bordering lluronian belts and the occurrence 
 of an extensive outlier of Lower Carboniferous sediments. They may, 
 
 Ilardingville. however, bo seen in irardingville and at many other points along the 
 valley of (Tcrmain IJrook nearly to Hammond River, consisting as 
 usual of grey and dark <grey (often pyritous) sandy shales anil flags, 
 exhibiting numerous and often abrupt corrugations, but having a 
 general northerly di{), which decreases as the main stream of Ilam- 
 
 Porter's Brook. ii^<^i>*l River is approached. In the valley of Porter's (or Harding's) 
 Brook the lower beds of the series are well-e.xposed, and may be traced 
 thence in a nearly north-east course across the valley of Handford 
 Brook towards the settlement of Upperton. Both at Porter's aiul at 
 McAfee's (or Upham's) mill the facilities for the collection of fossils 
 aro all that could be desired, but as the beils are here much softer and 
 more fragile than at Raiclifib's and other points to the westward, tho 
 obtaining of good S])ecimens is more diificult. The beds at Portei''s 
 are especially remarkable for the abundance of minute trilobites 
 Agnosti. Among the specimens collected from this locality during tho 
 past season, the following genera and species have been recognised by 
 Mr. Whiteaves : 
 
 Agnostns simiHs. Ilartt. 
 Acadicus. " 
 N. Sp. CO 
 
 Handford 
 Brook. 
 
 Fossils. 
 
 u 
 It 
 
\ 
 
 SOUTHERN NEW BRirSHWICK. 31 HI) 
 
 HyolUhus. N. Sp. 
 ContHrphdlifes orestcn. Hui-tt. 
 
 IMlii " 
 
 Pantih.iidt,s Micmnc. 
 And IVoni McAtW-'s ilaiuironi Hrook : 
 
 A(jtiitsti(ti Aciulirus. Ilailt. 
 
 Coiwci'pkaUtes Mdt/iari. Ilurtt. 
 
 MirrodiscHS punctatus. .Salter. • , ' 
 
 Disrinti Acddicd. Ihirtt. 
 
 Off hi a, BUlingxiL Ilartt. 
 
 Bonoath the tos»ii liods upon tho two stroam.s abovc-montioned, the 
 coarsoi- fragmental beds whi(di mark tho baso of tho weriort are also 
 well-cxposod. Their unconfbrinability to tho Ilnronian is well seen in 
 tho lact (bat wliiie on the post-roads niootinj; at McCoy's Corner they 
 have a surface breadth of over a mile and a-half, with a nearly uniform 
 dip of N. 30° W. < 20°, on Ilandford Brook, only half a mile distant, 
 tho same space is occupied almost entirely by Iluronian sediments, 
 and those with numerous corrugations. The succession as seen above 
 McAfee's mill on the last-named stream is iis follows, in descending 
 oi-der : — 
 
 FEET. 
 
 Fine soft aud frasilo shaK's, filled with fossils and containing bands of ?,''*"'."r" "," 
 
 harder grey shale. Thickness about 30 liruok. 
 
 Hard grey slmles and sjindstones, dip N. 10' W. < 40' 150 
 
 Pure white i]uartzite or silicious sandstone. The dip of the beds, in 
 the extension of which, a little to the eastward, a <iuarry has been 
 opened, varies from N. JO" \V. < E. 30° to N. 20° E. Their 
 
 breaiUli is about 2.'>0 
 
 Below tliese <iuartzites there is a space of about 1,100 feet occupied by 
 the mill-pond, in which the measures arc concealed. Grey sand- 
 stones then appear, with a dip N . 30° W . < 30°, beneath which 
 arc — 
 
 Sandy and micaceous shales, in narrow alternating bands of 
 
 grey, green and purple ; 
 Purple sandstones, with scales o mica ; 
 Purple grits and sand8t<ines ; and 
 
 Coarse jiurple and (juartz conglomerates, with thin beds of 
 white conglomerate. 
 The general dip of these purple beds is N , 30° W . < 30°, varying to 
 N. < 60°, but owing to the wintUngs of the stream.'which often 
 runs with the strike, their thickness is imcertiun. The conglom- 
 erates at their base, which are ftdl of white quartz pebbles, rest, 
 apparently unconformably, upon amygdaloidal diorites already 
 described as being a part of the Huronian formation. 
 
 Ea^stward of McAfee's mill tho Primoitlial rocks arc mostly concealed 
 from view. Lodges of puiplo sandstone may, however, bo seen a little 
 
32 i)D 
 
 QEOLOCHCAL MIRVKY OF" CANADA. 
 
 HMmmond 
 River. 
 
 Black River. 
 
 Primordial 
 Kelt on Lung 
 Reach. 
 
 Devil's Back. 
 
 Mdiith ul tlio hiiil^^e acrosH the llainriioiitl IJivi-r in lT|i|»ort(>ii, iK-yoiid 
 wliicli tlic oiitirt' t'oniialion pasm'.- '>t'in'alli llu- Lowor Cai'lNiiiittii'ttiiH 
 HorioH, and in not tif^uiu mot willi in this iliri'dion. 
 
 In a<l<liti<in to tlio main Ik'Ii of l'i'imoi-<iial ruckn uImA'd <loHt'rilHMl, 
 ivd'iviico lias lit'on niadf, Ih»||i on an i-ailifi- patjc ami in lonnrr 
 ivportw, lo llu' ocriinviirc of l»cils of thi.s ii'^a in tin' val U-y of |>Ia«k 
 River in St. .lolin County, as aluo upon tlio S(. .lolin liivi-r in tlio valloy 
 of tlio Lonix Kcach. At Inith of these |X)ititH tlioir relations to the 
 Ilnronian are in tlie main similar lo what has heen aUn-e deserihed. 
 
 The I'xposiires in the lila<k ijiver Valley are e.xliemely liinili'd, 
 heiri"; eontined to a few ledges of dark .u;rey fossil hiaiini^ shales 
 occurring ahout midway hetwecn Willow (irove and (Jarnetl Settle- 
 ment. Their exj)08ed hieadth tlocs nt)t exceed 150 feet, and tliey arc 
 apparently overturni-d, hoim; at one ])oint directly overlain hy piii'i»le 
 santlstonos which come in hetween them anil the diorites of lUooins- 
 bury Mountain, with a southci-l^' dip (S. 30° E. < 20°). In the 
 opposite directicMi, and on the north side of the river, there are ledi^os 
 of a peculiar jet hiack sandstone or black slate, tilled with ijlassy -grains 
 oftiuartz, hut whether there are a i)art of the Primordial series or not is 
 un!:nown. A little farther to the eastward, in Willow (Jrove, a series 
 of ujrey shales, which are probably Primordial, overlie the prc-Silurian 
 schistose belts of Division 4. 
 
 When the Beport of 1870-71 was ])ul)lished, the only poiid at which 
 the St. John group had been identitiod in the valley of the Long Kcach 
 was on Caton's Island, about two miles below Oak Point, although 
 certain dark-colored slates exposed on the western side of the Nerepis 
 Eiver were believed to be a ])art of the same series. Obsei-vations 
 mJido during the past season not only contirm this view, but show that 
 a belt of these rocks traverses, though with some iiderrui»tions, the 
 entire length of the Long Eeach valley from its western extrcnuty to 
 Gorham's Bluff, near the mouth of Belleisle Bay. The position and 
 relations of the beds on Caton's Island as well as on the adjacent shore, 
 with lists of the fos.sils here met with, have been g. on in earlier publi- 
 cations. To the westward of this point the beds are chiefly coarse 
 purple sandstones and conglomerates, and may bo seen at many points 
 along the north shore of the reach as fiu* as the Devil's Back, asso- 
 ciated, however, with beds of more or less crystalline diorite and 
 grconish-grey ash-rocks, all dipping southerly at an angle of 40°. The 
 Devil's Back itself is a somewhat prominent ridge, composetl of a very 
 homogeneous and obscurely stratified grey felspathic sandstone holding 
 numerous chloritic specks ; on the north side of the eminence these 
 felspathic sandstones may bo seen to I'cst directly and conformably 
 upon the purple sandstones, both with a regular dip of S. 30° E. < 
 
HOITTHK.RN NKW BKINNWrrK. 33 I>l> 
 
 20". Notwithntamliii^ IIiIk conformity, it is ))roh:il)li> llmt tlio vuxhh 
 in i|iU'Mtion iw ol' lI|»|M'r Silurian nitluT tliaii of I'rinioitlial aj^o, no 
 rockn of Hiinilar clianictoi- liavini^ \h)vi\ oIhowIioiv oli «>rve(l in con- 
 noction with the last-named Horics, wliilo llioy very cloHely rcHomblr 
 many of llu- hods formirii; portions of tju- ITpjicr Silurian formation 
 as uxliihiU-d on tin; opposit*- slioi'O of tin- river. 
 
 Ah far tin tho iK-vil's iJack. thf Primordial rot-ks lio altoicotln'r to tho 
 Honlliwai-d of the folspathic and i^rannlitic rocks doscrilKxl «tn an earlier 
 pai^c as oxttMidini; in this direction from near Caton's Island. After ttHloeation. 
 crossing,' the creek, however, which on tho western side of thi^ tirst- 
 named eminence tlows into the St. Jolm River, the ridj^o of these rocks 
 lies milch moro to tho southwani, and tho Primordial beds are found 
 on their northern tiank, now dippini; northerly. They are well- 
 exposed on tho road U-adini; north from tho steamhoat landim; at Josse 
 liolyea's, and contain numerous remains of trilohites and hiachiopods. Foesil*. 
 Beneath tho shales, and also dij)ping northerly, are grey micaceous 
 and rusty- weathering sandstones sj»an^h><l with mica, which appear to 
 rest directly on the j^ranulitic rocks. These latter would thus api»car 
 to form a ridge tianked on either side by Primordial rocks, and to 
 occupy the position of the pre-Silurian rocks of Division 4 in tho 
 southern metamorphic hills, to portions of which they also bear much 
 resemblance. The saim' relation is also indicated at other points aloiij: 
 the Keach shore, the purple sandstones (with some shales,) beint; found 
 on either side of the granulite ridge anil dipping away from it. Near 
 Elliott's mill, on the Nerepis, there arc coarse, dark, greenish-grey, Ncrepis River, 
 white-weathering conglomerates containing pebbles of white (juartz, 
 grey and re<l sandstone, mica schist, &c., and dipping northerly 
 (N. 29° B. < 00°), overlain by dark grey, sandy slates dipping 
 N. 10° E. •< 50°. This is jusL south o£ tho groat body of syenitic and 
 chloritic rocks, describotl on an earlier page as occurring on tho castcni 
 side of tho Nerepis Eivcr, and which are either of Iluronian or 
 Laurcjitian age. 
 
 On the western side of the Nerepis, the character and relations of 
 the ditterent rocks have already ))een given in the Eeport of Progress 
 for 1871. The beds which in position and character hero appear to 
 represent the shaly portion of the Primordial occur in the bed of a 
 ravine about one mile al)Ove Belyea's Inn, but as far its could be ascer- 
 tained are without fossils, and are greatly crumpled and broken. Tho 
 next rocks to the south of these are conglomerates in heavy betls, in 
 which lx)th jiobbles and paste consist largely of granulite or purple 
 felspathic grit, similar to that of tho range extending along tho nortJi 
 side of the Ecach. Those beds dip northerly, and are underlaid to the 
 south by purple sandstones and felspathic grits, beneath whicfi again, 
 
34 r»D GEOLOOICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 after an interval, are green and rod slaty beils and imcttious felspathic 
 schints, dipping N. 30° W. < 10°. Thcso latter have the appearunc-e 
 of the })re-Silurian rocks of Division 4. 
 
 The reprcHentatives of the Prinioi'dial series at the hetul of the Long 
 Keach arc to bo soon in a small cove forming a part of the southern 
 Gorham's Bluff, »hore of CJorham's Bluff, and consist of ferruginous grey sandstones 
 containing poorly-proservcd fossils. They have a southerly dip 
 (S. 40°-50° E. < 50°), and are Hanked on the south by recomposcd 
 quartziferous felsitos of an older scries, continuous through Rocky 
 Island with the granulites of the north shore of the Roach, and on the 
 north by rubbly, dark-jnirplc and sandy beds, which form the base of 
 the Upper Silurian formation. 
 
 N^-