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B.S.A., Dominion Animal Husbandman. AND G. B. ROTIIWELL, B.S.A., First Assistant. UTILITY, Of all farm animals, the sheep is best adapteii tor the profitable utilization of waste. In Western Canada they may clean sununer fallow with two-fold protit. I'niversally they are efficient weed destroyers on roadsides, lanes, summer fallow and weedy corners. K< ugh, hilly, rocky or wooded pastures give ideal and natural Krazin« conditions. Waste land generally, may be profitably utilized provided good fences are in place. Their value as producers of fertilizers on fallow, pasture, aftermath, etc.. is a very appreciable item. Nevertheless, sheep must not for the above reasons, be made to subsist entirely from such sources for livelihood. When pasture is scarce or bare extra feed is an economy, as will be treated more fully. In winter, while chenp roughapre are the main item, grain must be fed for maximum profits. The Breeding Ewe: Flushing.— Previous to the breeding season flush the ewe, or have her in rising condition. Good pasture, clover aftermath or rape with grass are excellent. A grain mixture of oats, 3 parts; bran, 1 part; may be fed, one-half to one pound per day as needed, provided ewos are not already fat. Usually light grain feeding at this time is decidedly economical practice. If the ewe is in low condition at breeding, single lambs, poor conditioned and wc;ik, will be droppfnl. with low milk production by the ewe. Result— a iwor lamb under any ^ubsequent treat- ment. If too fat, the ewe is difficult to get with lamb and will usually give trouble at lambing time. Early Winter Feeding.— For the early winter months the following ration is good: Hay, 2 to 3 pounds, or pea straw unthreshed. 2 to 3 pounds: roots, 2 pounds; feed latter sparingly, and only with plenty of exercise; ensilage and mots, 4 pounds; feed grain at this time only if the ewes are thin. Supply salt and water. Late Winter Feeding (previous to Lambing).— Hay, 2 to 3 pounds; ensilage. 2 to 3 pounds; grain, 1 to 3 pounds; salt and water. The above feeding methods should prevent indigestion, impaction and constipation (see later). Clip tags and loose wool from hind quarters and about teats, to avoid later ditTiculties with weaning lambs, from wool-balls, etc. Be present at lambing-time to assist difficult cases and Tielp we. k lambs to nurse, etc. After Lambing.— Feed for milk. If on pasture a limited grain ration may be fed. depending on the quality of pasture, flesh of ewe and growth of the lain!), ff in tx'u or paddock, feed hay, 2 to 3 pounds; turnips, 4 pounds; or turnii>s and ensilage (equal parts), 4 pounds; grain mixture, oats, 5 parts; bran, 1 part: linseed oilmeal. 1 part, 1 to 3 pounds daily, as needed. Shear early. Do not expect the ewe to pro- duce economically during the later spring months, loaded down with a heavy, hot fleece. Dip with any of the good proprietary sli.'ep dips (Cooper's, McDougall's. etc.'). Besides dir ctly saving feed by early dipping, the ewes are contented, milk, and thrive DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. J. H GRISDALE, Director. B.Agr. E. S. ARCHIBALD, B.A., B.S.A., Dominion Animal Husbandman. EXHIBITION CIRCULAR No. 61. 0:1380 I Jatp m i i ■:i^ I ' K.) ll'T'T; uil^ 7'^'7"'">''"' ''^"■•n^ I'.v tl.c lan.hs nn.i l,.„h tl,.. I.onlth of tl,o .kin n„.l t^:'l::!,:t z zrL ;::■ ;'l:';; :"„::t,f'"""^ """ • - -- ' Summer Feeding.-^With ^^,od ,.ast„r.. „,„1 fair n.np.. „„ ^.rain U;.\n.r i ,„.. The Breeding Ram.-/« .„„,„,<.,• allow tl... ran. .i,!,..,- fr..e ranxr.. with tl„. il ,- or a ^^.1 ^n.,. ,.,|.,„..; wi,l, .,,„!... /„ /„,/ k,.,,> hi„, i„ a ,.a.l,l, 'k a" v , , K ■.;f'v-f;'- 'C;,-r;-„:: ;:rr:;,;;-,-r::;;r-,;:' ;::i; ;:rt;r;;;t r ,:;; » :::;;r: Ju:;;;,;"n;^::;;;,,:;- ;:;,,^t1:: : f, ■ ::SI:^tJr;S;li-:^-;;r'ir;;:\iTr^::'::';:;,r;:i; 'r-"^ tb.'.r onus,,,,. ,ho fnr,„ati„„ of ^all stones. Turnips am ox,.,.li,.nt ' Feeding the Lamb.-The la.nl, n..,„in.s ,noti„.rV n.ilk a, .<,o„ aft.r l.„nl,in.. ■, oilfako. A ra.-k ,.„ntainn,fr som.. s,H...iall,v s..l..,.„.,l ,.l„v,.r hav nirv -iK., 1,. , l- nn.tnr^"^,^';:^-.^ :;;;,rr;;:;;.^: •■'-■ 'T '■"/ '>■ ' •'> ■' li^'" --. ■T ,.orn.r, f,.n...;r,y , i... ; '.f;,' " ?; ^v^^ V'"'^ V'^;'"- ' "^"'- '^' "' " '■'■'■•■'' i:t::;;;:;':rr''v:::i;''St'^-^".'''-^ ,;:.^...ions ^..^n,.,!t;;t:!'r-r';;.;:;!^^ .■Hira<-.n„s ,n k«.,,inf; slu.,.p fr,.e fr„m intrrnal pnra^itov • The Weaning lamb sl,„uld liav.. ac.-.-s.-. r<. n m«.,i.iI t,., t, . .1 ■ The Breeding Lamb.-K.op the l,n.,din^^ ia.nl, jrmwin^. on aftrr.n-,s. s,,l,ll or rape ,n eonjnnetion with frrass or pastnre an.l ^-rain. if n,.e,i„l. "''-'•'^^- ^" '''''"■ Market Lambs.— See foreir irr. v , . winle t,a. elover ,lnes .,f .lew. This will h.r.el, .u.e::Z::\:^':ZrZ;r,! Ihr hnnhs ,„ a h,,ht unU.nsh.d .late. Kini.h then, f,.r Chri.fna. or F „r 1 I n. nn.rket,n. hon,e-^own feeds, n.ake *. to *I..O per Ia,„l !: .. eui^^ ..; v ? - unfnnsh,.,! .tate. 11 ,.,',.,• /;„/,/, ,, f,,,,,.,,;,,,, ,„,,•„,„ ,^ (turn' „ V^ " "7" r >• "■'■'•■<-l ' to .; pounds: or en.ila.e an.l ro.J. r ' ' t '' I>onn,U: ha.v. elovr an.l hn.. ^ra.^s. U U> .3 pound,; .^rain nd.vture a' fou'wl'- ' 1. Oats •'! part>: hran. 1 part; oorn, 1 part. ■2. ()at>. 4 part-; hran. 2 part-; oileak... ?. part. :!. Oats 1' part- hran. 2 parts; oih-ake.'l ,,arT; eorn. 2 parts Start with 1 pound p.T land, p..r ,la.v. tini-hin, with 1 pound p.r ,1 ,v. Flev.t,. .ereenmf.. as s,d.l trotn f,..v..r,nu,.nt elevator-, or oontainin,. a tnininuun of b hu seeds (nm.tank rU-.) are eeo„o„,i..al in the prain ration. In Ontario an,. ,1..,', t;on3 o: ( .i;,„d.i. oari..^ is more easily obtainwl than corn or even hran. It'fonns a,. . d f . 111. :,iiii,- ■'IllH ■ i , 1 , or ' 1, 1 _' 11 ■ .nil : I'i'Vci St ■■iiiii d d al iiihi ' 1 1 i.i C( ;irt c " ^y,w;,'T';'^ ".xM^m^^s^ 3 .xcellfiiit f 1 Miid iiiiiy r.'|il;icc citlHT ..t tin -filiicnt-. iiiciitinii,.,!. in tlic f..r.'t.".iiii.' iitioii. Sii|i|ily >iilt iiiil \v:itcr. Pastures. Shcf p ;in- iKrnliinlv iilijccl to iiitcriiiil pMr;i~il(-. ,|ur tc iiifi-ti'd |iu«- ; iro. the n-iilt i.f i-oiitii]i icI yrii/ii];; in i>iii' liiiiilcil ii;i-tiiri'. vcmt iit'ti-r yiMV. I'mvidr cliiui-r ciii'li ,v,-;ir. Mlln^int: tlic pn-tiirc of tlif prcvimi, yriir I., clciiii^c it-.'lf. Ciilti^ -.itioii niid -cr.liiiy' i|..«ii will .■ffictivrly .ic'diiipli^li llii-. Green Feeds. (Icii.TMliy >pcMkii,y. n.cli-lV.dini; i- nut pr..lit,d.lr. It is pn'rc:;il.|,. !.i fctici- otf p,.rti.i,i- of tile HcM niid idjnw til.- -Iiirp to ■^n-.,n-. Supplying .'ut ^'n-cii •rrd i> fxpcii~ivc, iiivnjviii- hdinur whin it i- -imivi-; wn-trl'iil. liiT;u;-r I'lit [ticii : ",d rnpidly wilt- iind l.i iin- di^tii>ti'f'nl to -lin-p. Rules for Feeding. I''r<-il only wli^l tin. :i;:ini,,U will .-linn lip. Shr.p nn- pnr- liruhir lirciMJiT- 1111(1 will nfll-r Iclt-ovol-. (Jl M;lkr rll..n-rs >lowly. I :) I Supply ;ilt nt nil tiiiir> iiiid watii- I'vcn if tlic -licvp iisf- Imf little. ( I I .\void .liui-tivc iinil iit.'stinid troiilil,.- in wintn- l,y uMii;.' wcll-cuni! I.ri'iii rut ron-h;,-,- .md -urcnlcnt-. .". ) Avoid (iv.Tfcidin^' nil i-lovcr. nlfnlfn. -ni-. or r;.pr in -uiiiiii,r. ( C ) .\void .Aircnic-' ill the iMiiilition of l)rpi'diiii: >tock. THE HEALTH OF SHEEP. The Health of Sheep is ndviTsdy utTict.-d mainly tliroiif,'li pani-itcs, external ,i:id internal, and l.y iditions and inaladii- the re-uli of ..verfeedin-. tlio al.-ei„'t- ■f Mieenlents lai-k of niii-e. and failnro to ohservp eomparatively siinple'details. I'.rief m.ntinn is herewith made of .■ertaiii afTeetieiis. tlie -eneral treatment for which would i '■ prevention. Ticks and Lice.- -K.xamine ^hee|l and laiiil- from time to time lor , re-eiie.- ,,f •I . -!• para-ite;. Treatment.— As already outlined. The dippiii}.' outfit illustratiil (rireuhir No. 'I'l is ea>y and eheap to eon>triiet, the tank requirintr the niinimnni amount of fluid. I -'■ any p:ood proprietary dip. Tape Worms. Cni/.«": Tnfe.=tod pastures due to til.- u-.- y.-ar after y,-ar of :- -iri.-te.l areas. Sfimiitoni- ,-ually appear in lamhs li.-intr unthrifty with ^tarin^r .-oats an.) --Ii..\v- : - la.-k of V .r. loss of app.-tite ami .-.-..uriiifi. .S.-etion- ,,f tap.-worm^ an fr.-.|U.-iitlv !:i->ed. Trrntmnit.— In general, prevent hy ehaimin- pa-t.r.- auniiallv, ami allowing -.re raiifTP if possihi.-. Rid infeste.l animaK hy f,.!l,.winL' tr.>atmi-iit : Komove all ■ mI from the animals to he trcati-.i tor from U' to I'n hours. Administ.-r at !l oVIo.-k . in. 1 .Irani Ktlicrial Kxtraet of male fern in t-onn.-p .-a-tor oil. for adiilt>. l-or Mill- .'.-.Iram male fern iu i' ouin-.- oil. At i' p.m. -.am.- day have foil,, win- iii-r.-,l- ■;il- (tonic and worm-expellenti made up in wat.-r -.ojuti.^n: Salt, i' i.oiiii-.!-; nitre. - -inn-.-: Kpsem salts. -. |,ounr 4 oniuvs; lamh-. 2 .niii.-.-. Tin- m:. »ful actio,, of ahov,- mixtiii-c- .lep,-,,.!".. i-.-Iy on wh.-ther tin- aniniar- ili.i.'e>tive tra.'t i- fre.- from f 1. |-",-,.,l -parii,-!y at ■ .nil--- f.-cl. after tr.-atment. and ke.-ji tin- tr.-at.-d animal.- in a pc;, for I'J h.mr- t<; !i-ivii,t the >pr.-a(i ..f the tape-worm s.-uin.-iits. Stomach Worms.-- '/'/-ci/i/io)/: K.-iimv.- iill fo<,d ovor-iiij.'ht. in tin- iiioini,,.' 'uiini-tcr ."( ouin-.- of i-ow"p milk. 1 tahlespoonful ira-oleno. 1 tahlc-p ,onful raw lin" ■I oil. l!.-iK-at for thre.- suocv-ive morning'-. Stomach worm- an- whit.- in .-.d.uir d ah.uit three-.pjart.Ts of an inch l.uii.-. ■I'ape-worin- from 1 to C yar.l>. Symptoms 'iiiar in both .-ases. Constipation or Impaction.- -.^>//i/./«m,s: I,..-- ,,f appetit.\ diilliuss; animal lies ;irt fr.im flock, etc. I I in m 'aiisc. — Lack of s.n-cuient feci; too mu.-ii drv t.-ed. \ ' Ir' ;i ; 1 . Treatmrnf.-Vor .nlult. 4 ounces cantor oil or 4 ouneo, Kp^m salt, a, a dren, I, or d.v,.o mo. Rcnmve raui«, u, prevent further cas,... With lambs ^nv.- ■> ou,,,,! ■ M-tor oil 8lmkfn up with (•»>w"8 milk. Diarrh(ea.-6'«»....: Feeding too much roots without e.xprdse; frozen rune. t„r iiip to|)s, srii.s.s or clover; sudden chaniifs in diet. oU with 1 dram each of laudanum and ground KiuRcr. Starch and flour .rruels in pi'r.si>fiiit cases. n'ucio ^^ Acute Indigestion. Hoven or Blo^t.-Symptoma: ['.leasiness, colicky pai>„, Cau6c.-()verfecding; .sudden changes in diet; usually seen in summer and f:.i; d oil and i ounce turpentine Milk u.irnHrum the cow, is al.>"i/)'"m,N. -Stretching the Iwdy ; lyinp and tiiruiuj;. Tnalwr„l--Ouo tablespoonful sweet spirits of nitre in water will relieve pain Kepent later, if nere.-arv. (Jive mild pur-ative. ra^^tor oil or raw lin.seed oil. Caked Udder (Inflammation of the Udder.- Ca^.s,- : Too heaw feeding bei, ,. laniung, too hea^y milk -eeietion for lambs' need, draught.s, injuries, damp beddi, ■ rieiilect ot shei)lierd to remove milk at weaiiiuK time. 7',vn/m,.»<.-H..,„ov,. caiKe. Reduce feed. .Milk ,.ut affected teat. If mu.'h swelling, bathe and rub in ca,npl„.ratelive troubl,.s, causing unnatural cravings; biting at sides to relie e irritation due to ticks. ^ 7Vc„/m,„/._As mentione.1, clip ta-. f,„ui ewe's sides before lambing If ,t „• ro nabit give wide range, supply salt, lime phosphate or bone-meal. If much wool U< acuniulated blocking the digctivc tract, little can be done. Li„>eed oil in mv ,'1 doses rec'oininendcil. Treatment almost wholly preventive. TO DRENCH A SHEEP. Sheep are easily and usually fatally choked. Administer drenches with great c If the sheep IS small straddle it; otherwise back it into a corner and stand on ri side. I la,.e left hand on jaw. with thumb in mouth on tongue and between front back teeth. Do not hold flu- he,,,! too high. Pour contents of Iwttle slowly a li at a time. Do „ot hold the under jaw tight against the upper. In short give animal evevy opportunity to swallow as naturally as possible, and little diffir^ should occur. The use of Stock Foods.-While sheep are benefited bv certain pronrief.ry , parat.ons as dipping fluids (Cooper's, McDougall's, etc.), and by compounds in nature of a combined relish, tonic and worm-e.xpellent (Sal-Vet" Medico He V value o f many of the stock fo ods on the market, at the prices askod i., qj.estin ■ht :,,d ' le liie :'rv Published by authority of Hon. MARTIN BURRELL. Minister of'A^;i^ ur«, Ottawa. 'he ■ he ;nt.