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The Venerable Bishop Strachan, Toronto, has lately held u Visita- tion of his Diocese, and has delivered aCliarge, in which he gives the following interesting account of his career in Canada : — " It is, my brethren, generally known that in emigrating to this country I had a different object in vijw than that oif entering the Church, but a wise and kind Providence ordered otherwise. In 1796, having finished my terms at King's College, Aberdeen, and proceeded to the Master's degree, I removed to the vicinity of St. Andrew's, and while there I contracted several important and lasting friendships, amongst others, with Thomas Duncan, afterwards Professor of Mathematics, and also with Dr. Chalmers, since then so deservedly renowned. We were all three very nearly the same age, and our friendship only terminated with death, being kept alive by a constant correspondence during more than sixty years. After leaving I !: Ill fi The Bishop of Toronto. 807 St. Andrew's I was for a time employed in private tuition ; but, having a mother and two sisters in a great degree dependent on ray exertion, I applied for the parochial school of Kettle, in the county of Fife, and obtained it by puulic competition. And here, at the age of nineteen, I made my first essay in the field of educational labour, commencing my career with a deeply-rooted love for the cause, and with something of a foreknowledge of that success which has since crowned my efforts. It was my practice to study and note the cha- racter and capacity of my pupils as they entered the school, and to this discrimination, which gave correctness to my judgment, many owe the success which they ultimately achieved. Among my pupils at that time was Sir David Wilkie, since so well known as one of the first painters of the age. I very soon perceived Wilkie's great genius, and with much difficulty prevailed with his uncle to send him, still very young, to the celebrated Raeburn, then enjoying the highest reputa- tion in Scotland. It is pleasing to remark that, after an interval of perhaps thirty years, the preceptor and scholar met in London, and renewed an intimacy so profitable to one and so honourable to both. They attended the meeting of the British Association at Birmingham together, and saw much of one another during my short stay in England. Often did Sir David Wilkie, at the height of his fame, declare that he owed everything to his reverend teacher, and that, but for his interference, he must have remained in obscurity. Com- modore Robert Barclay, afterwards so unfortunate on Lake Erie, from causes over which he had no control, was another of my pupils. He was a youth of the brightest promise, and often have I said in my heart that he possessed qualities which fitted him to be another Nelson, had the way opened for such a consummation. While at St. Andrew's, the Reverend James Brown, one of the acting Pro- fessors of the University, a gentleman of vast scientific attainments, became so exceedingly attached to me as to take me under his kind protection. After some time he was advanced to the chair of Natural Philosophy in the University of Glasgow, to which place he removed. Still interested in my welfare, he proposed to me to become his attending assistant, to prepare and make the experiments necessary for the illustration of his lectures,* and in his absence from infirm health, which was not unfrequent, to read his prelections, and dis- charge such of his duties in the lecture-room as I was qualified to undertake. But difficulties intervened to prevent this arrangement from being carried out when almost completed, and Dr. Brown was, as he intimated to me, reluctantly induced to retire on a pension. But our mutual attachment continued through life. This to me was a very bitter disappointment. A career of honourable usefulness had been opened in a way after my own heart, and it was in a moment destroyed. But I was not overwhelmed ; for God had in his goodness given me a cheerful spirit of endurance, and a sanguine disposition as to the future, which it was not easy to depress ; and a kind Providence, even before I had altogether recovered the shock, presented to me an opportunity of removing to another sphere of i L. ■ f ■9'. 808 The Bishop of Toronto. \' activity ; and in the frame of mind in which I found myself, I wns the more disposed to accept employment in Canada. Among the many schemes contemplated by General Simcoe, for tlie benefit of the province, was that of establishing Grammar Schools in everj district, and a University at their head, at the seat of Govern- ment. Anxious to complete as soon as possible so beneficial an object, y'' the Governor gave authority to the late Honourable Richard Cart- '' Wright and the Honourable Robert Hamilton to procure a gentleman \J from Scotland, to organize and take charge of such College or Uni- versity. These gentlemen, whose memories are still dear to the pro- vince, applied to their friends in St. Andrew's, who offered the appointment first to Mr. Duncan, then to Mr. Chalmers, neither of whom were yet much known, but both declined. Overtures were then made to me, and, suffering severely under my recent disappoint- ment, I was induced, after some hesitation, to accept the appointment. I sailed from Greenock towards the end of August, 1799, under convoy ; but such was then the wretched state of navigation, that I did not reach Kingston, by the way of New York and Montreal, till the last day of the year 1799, much fatigued in body, and not a little disappointed at the desolate appearance of the country, being, throughout, one sheet of snow. But a new and still more severe trial awaited me. I was informed that Governor Simcoe had some time before returned to England, but of which I had received no informa- tion, and that the intention of establishing the projected university had been postponed. I was deeply moved and cast down, and had I possessed the means, I would have instantly returned to Scotland. A more lonely or destitute condition can scarcely be conceived. My reasonable expectations were cruelly blighted — a lonely stranger in a foreign land, without any resources or a single acquaintance. But my return was next to impossible, and it was wisely ordered. Mr. Cartwright, to whom I had been specially recommended, came to my assistance, and sympathised deeply and sincerely in this to me unex- pected calamity, and after a short space of time, proposed a temporary remedy. My case, he acknowledged, was a most trying, but not altogether hopeless ; and he submitted an arrangement which might be deemed only temporary, or lasting, as future events should direct. Take charge, said he, of my four sons, and a select number of pupils, during three years ; this will provide you with honourable employ- ment and a fair remuneration, and if, at the expiration of that period, the country does not present a reasonable prospect of advancement, you might return to Scotland with credit. He further added, that he » did not think the plan of the Grammar Schools and University alto- gether desperate, although it might take longer time to establish them than might be convenient or agreeable. In my position there was no alternative but to acquiesce, and I was soon enabled to return to a healthy cheerfulness, and to meet my difficulties with fortitude and resignation. In the meantime, a strong attachment grew up between me and Mr. Cartwright, whom I found to be a man of great capacity and intelligence, of the strictest honour and integrity, and, moreover, The Bishop of Toronto. 809 self, I was Joe, for the Schools in »f Govern- an object, lard Cart- gentleman e or Uni- o the pro- ffered the neither of ares were lisappoint- )ointment. '99, under ition, that Montreal, and not a try, being, evere trial some time informa- univeraity I, and had > Scotland, ved. My anger in a nee. But red. Mr. me to my me unex- iemporary ;, but not ich might lid direct, of pupils, 6 eraploy- lat period, ancement, id, that he irsity alto- blish them ire was no iturn to a itude and p between t capacity moreover, a sincere churchman from conviction, after deep inquiry and research. A similarity of feelings and tastes tended to strengthen and conPrm our mutual regard, which at length ripened into a warm I'riendship, which continued, without the slightest change or abatement, till we were separated by death. I was left the guardian of his children — the highest and most precious proof of confidence that he could have conferred upon me ; and I feel happy in saying that under my guar- dianship they became worthy of their excellent father. At Kingston I formed other friendships, especially with the Rev. Dr. Stuart, the rector of the parish, and the Bishop's Commissary for Upper Canada; a gentleman whose sound judgment, sagacity, and other high mental qualities were rendered more useful and attractive by his kind and courteous demeanour, and a playful wit which seemed inex- haustible. From this gentleman I received the most affectionate and parental attention and advice fi'om the day of our first interview, and our friendly intercourse continued ever after without interruption. At Dr. Stuart's suggestion, I devoted all my leisure time during the three years of my engagement with Mr. Cartwright, to the study of Divinity, with a view of entering the Church at its expiration. Accordingly, on the second day of May, 1803, 1 was ordained Deacon, by the Kight Reverend Dr. Mountain, the first Protestant Bishop of Quebec ; and on the third day of June, 1804, 1 was admitted by the same prelate into the Holy Order of Priests, and appointed to the Mission of Cornwall. On entering upon the discharge of the duties of my ministry, I adopted the rule enjoined on Timothy by St. Paul — to avoid needless discussions on religious subjects, and never to forget that I was sent to proclaim and to teach the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ, and Him crucified. Therefore, when any came who manifested a sincere desire to know the truth, it was my duty, as it was my joy, to encourage and assist them in their inquiries ; but if they came merely to dispute and wrangle for the sake of victory, I refused to indulge them. By such a course, I 5radually acquired authority, and, notwithstanding my youth and inexperience, I was able to repress superciliousness and to expose ignorance. In the meantime, my walk and conversation, and friendly bearing to all around me, in- creased my influence, not only with the young, but with the elderly part of the congregation. Moreover, I endeavoured to be on all occasions prepared to give an answer with reverence to every one of my parishioners who asked me for a reason of the hope tha\; was in me. With this view, I made the study of the Holy Scriptures, from which all the formularies of our Church are drawn, my daily practice ; and after no little inquiry, found her Book of Common Prayer, her Creeds, her Thirty-nine Articles, her ministration of the Holy Sacra- ments, and her other minor ofiices in marvellous harmony one with the other. This conviction set my mind at rest, and enabled me at all times to speak with the boldness of conviction in favour of our beloved Church, and with an inward satisfaction and firmness of pur- pose which, under the Divine blessing, has never changed. Notwith- standing my careful preparation, and my knowledge, from personal y (1 310 The Bishop of Toronto. .L m intercourse that my people were kindly disposed towards me, I felt ex- ceedingly agitated on preaching my first sermon. Looking at my audi- ence, 1 was deeply struck with my own weak and slender attaiimients, and the awful responsibility I had assumed, and from which there could be no retreat. I was now, in the providence of God, occupying a station, if faithfully employed, of great social and religious influence, and of vast consequence both to myself and my people ; and if it should happen the same congregation, or any member thereof, to take hurt or hindrance by reason of my negligence ; I knew the greatness of the fault, and also the horrible punishment that would ensue. More than fifty-seven years have passed away since that sermon was preached, and I still behold in the book of remembrance the whole of that scene as if it were of yesterday, and I am at times even yet similarly affected. My congregation in Cornwall was at first very small, and confined to the village and neighbourhood, consequently my clerical duties were so little burthensome as to leave me much leisure time. Thus situated, I was induced to listen to the solicitations of the parents of some of my pupils who had not finished their studies at Kingston, to continue them at my new Mission, and also to the urgent entreaties of many from Lower as well as Upper Canada, to admit their sons to the same privilege, because there was at that time no seminary in the country where the Protestant youth could obtain a liberal education. I spent nine years very happily at Cornwall ; my time was fully, and on the whole, usefully and pleasantly occupied. My congregation gradually increased, and the communicants multi- plied year by year. I sought recreation occasionally from what I called Missionary excursions. I considered my parish to extend as far as Brockville, about sixty miles, and within this area I made from time to time, as my avocations admitted, appointments for Divine worship, and for the administration of the sacraments. These services were delightful to myself, and gratifying to the people scattered through the wilderness. Hundreds are still alive who were baptized at these appointments, and many a mother's heart was filled with joy in beholding her child made a member of Christ, the child of God, and inheritor of the kingdom of heaven. In 1812, I was transferred to Toronto, then York. I left Cornwall with deep regret, yielding only to the conviction that it opened to me a larger field of usefulness. In my new parish my clerical duties were very much increased. But I still contrived for many years to keep up my Missionary excursions through the distant settlements, and I can still find many of my bap- tized children in the Talbot settlement, the townships of Tecumseth and Penetanguishene, Orillia and Georgina, Port Hope, Cobourg, &c. The general progress of the Church during all this time, was much slower than might have been expected. In 1803, we had only five clergymen in Upper Canada, and one Bishop for all Canada. In 1819, the clergy had only increased to sixteen, with two military chaplins. During the French revolutionary war emigration was next to nothing, and they dropped in by single families. It was not till the American war of 1812, and after the pence of 1815, on the return The Bishop of Toronto, 811 I felt ex- my audi- niiiniunts, lere could jupying n influence, and if it ►f, to take greatness isue. It sermon the whole J even yet first very jenlly my ch leisure tations of studies at he urgent to admit time no obtain a wall ; my occupied, nts multi- m what I extend as nade from or Divine 56 services scattered 3 baptized 1 with joy d of God, ransferred t, yielding usefulness, ised. But excursions f my bap- recumseth 30urg, &c. was much I only five nada. In [) military I was next as not till the return of the troops to the mother country, that Canada became at all known, or that emigration begun to commence in any strength from the United Kingdom of England and Ireland. It was indeed for many years very small and imperfect in arrangement, nor did it come in any great strength till aAer 1831. Since then it has been at times some- what fluctuating, but on the whole very large, and attended wi ila proportional increase of the clergy. In 1831), they numbered sixty- one ; and in 1857, just before the Bishopric of Huron was established, they reached one hundred and seventy-three ; and at thi^ time they are supposed to be rather more than two hundred, presided over by two Bishops, with the prospect of soon having a third. Looking at the progress of the Church through a vista of sixty years, I feel it most encouraging, and more especially because I can witness to its continued peace and moderation. The movements in the mother Church never to any extent disturbed our tranquillity, and scarcely reminded us that there were any differences anywhere within the Church ; and )if she continues to preserve the same prudence, peace, and harmony, and a like activity of exertion, her future, under the Divine blessing, will be glorious." We venture also to lay before our readers the following extract, from the Charge on the subject of Marriage with a Deceased Wife's Sister, a Bill for legalizing which has been happily defeated in the Provincial Parliament : — " My Brethren, — As on integral portion of the United Church of England and Ireland, we are deeply interested in any proceeding that may either directly or indirectly touch upon her purity, and in- fluence for good. Under this impression I feel it my duty to allude to the alteration which has already been made at home in the law of marriage, and to the attempts that are making to legalize marriage with a deceased wife's sister. You are aware that a law of divorce has been passed in England, contrary to the strenuous opposition of the Church, and is now in operation. But, perhaps, you are not equally aware that the evils of its working are already so manifest as to alarm its promoters, and fill them with apprehension as to its future results. I trust what they have done in England, and threaten yet to do, will not be lost upon us, and that we shall resist to the utmost any attempt to legalize incestuous connexions in any form or shape. That this is no empty or useless warning, is sufficiently evident from what took place on this important matter during the last session of the Provincial Parliament, when a Bill was introduced by the Hon. James Morris, to legalize marriage with a deceased wife's sister. It was strenuously opposed by the Hon. P. B. De Blaquiere, and other Churchmen in the House ; and when it was cunteraplated to confine its operations to Upper Canada, it was very properly contended that the House was called upon to legislate for the whole province, and as the Lower Canadians disapproved of the principles of the Bill, they would oppose it, and it was thrown out. Immediately, on hearing of the impending danger, it was my duty to petition, with my clergy, against the Bill, denouncing the wickedness of the proposed enactment, and praying .1 H illi 'I! ^ il'i