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L Arrowroot. * t Arnica .' t |lf Bat Rum q *'' Benzine * " * •*&».* *^ ■- IBtlR ORIGl]Nf,"'PROPER- TIES AND USE.' " ; , ■- '» - - ^ — ^— ^ ■-*,, *,-■ • Published by * GEO. A. FEAR, Dispensing and Family Cheniist^ acheson's block, GODERICH"^ ^ ^ONT. If.'.. I. H i^iiiiii iiiAliMai I i .«. — --.> 'Ti"A'\.*'" ' '-•''***'WiP''*^*''|iWW^ I'' >' - N ** ' y A o '^.li >^: «' ''"j^'M-. ry pretentious au^.. .. , ,^ ^ i .%.)iMy^^..^[^I A careful reading of it cuii.. -^"'l- .■■-^:^'^*'$0% « - prehensive knowledge of those arti^xuo . Y best ■ stock ion to 1 — 3rs, Itc. ifAe r rio. One of the most useful of drugs for domestic purposes was known to the ancients, who procured it from decaying matter. The process was first conducted near the temple of Jupiter Ammon in Egypt, hence its name. It is now chiefly obtained as a by-product in the manufac- ture of coal gas ; but the purest is a by-product in the manufacture of borax. It is used in both solid and liiquid forms. In its solid form (Carbonate of Ammonia) perfumed with oil of lav- ender, it makes ordinary sn^lling salts. The domestic or household solution of Ammonia is very valuable for laundry purposes. It gives a snowy whiteness to plain goods and does not injure fast-colored fabrics. It saves all the soda and half the soap, labor and time. A tablespoonful should be put into a pail or three gallons of water ; clothes soaped with half the usual quantity of soap and soaked over night in this water will be perfectly cleansed and whitened, with little or no rubbing. For cleaning glass, silver, crockery, painted walls, stains in marble, oil cloth and plain wood-work, use one or two tablespoonfuls to a pall of water and little or no soap will be needed. The original brilliancy and lustre of silks, laces and woollen goods can be restored by sponging them with a solution of a tablespoonful to a quart of water. To clean hair brushes and combs perfectly and quickly, use a tea- spoonful in half a basin of water. For the toilet, use half a teaspoonful to a basin of water, or one tablespoonful for the bath tub. A tablespoonful to two quarts of water will remove any unpleasant odor of perspiration. Inhaling Ammonia will cure headache caused by bathing. If when watering plants a few drops be added each time to the water their growth and luxuriance will be promoted. A valuable liniment is made by mixing solution of Ammonia with three times the quantity of olive oil (hartshorn and oil. ) This is a fav- orite old English remedy for sprains, stiffness of the joints, rheumatism, tCtC. The Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia (sal volatile) given in tea- spoonful doses in a little water, relieves h( dache when accompanied by fainting and nausea. It is said to be of great value for sea-sickness. We keep Ammonia in all its forms and eombinations at The Pharmacy. GEO. A. FEAR. Aniseed Is a plant grown chiefly in Southern Europe. It vields one of our most important aromatic medicines, and has been used from the earliest times. The oil distilled from the seeds, and the essence (the oil dis- solved in alcohol) are the favorite forms of administration. It is used to relieve flatulence, etc. , particularly in infants, and also to diminish the griping of purgative medicines. It has a warm, sweetish taste and an aromatic, agreeable odor. Dose of the essence : 5 to 20 drops on su|(Sr ; of the oil, i to 4 drops. Arrow Root Is a variety of starch extracted from the roots of certain plants growing in tropical countries. It is much valued as a delicacy and as an easily digested food, and therefore favored for invalids and for infants after weaning, or when the mother's milk is insuflicient. It is prepared by dissolving in hot water or milk and used when cold. It should first be formed into a paste with & little cold water and the boiling water added with brisk agitation. For children it is usually prepared with milk. A tablespoonful is suflicient for a pint of liquid. It may be sweetened and flavored to suit the taste. The genuine Bermuda Arrow-root is the best article in this line ; that which grows in Jamaica not being considered so good. East India Arrow-root is generally very inferior. Substitutes for the genuine arc often put up under this name. Arnica Is a plant chiefly grown in the south of Europe. Its leaves, flow- ers and roots are all of great medicinal value, the flowers being gener- ally used. The Tincture of Arnica, extracted from the flowers, is one of the^ most effectual remedies for wounds or bruises. It should be mixed with an equal quantity of hot water and applied as soon as possible. It should not, however, be used if the skin is broken. An ounce of the flowers steeped in a pint of boiling water makes a moLt valuable fomentation for sore nipples, etc. Arnica is seldom used internally, ana is in large doses poisonous. Antidotes -—morphia, opium. »l*WP"v*:-i "r-m^r^ Bay Rum The tree, from the leaves of which thi- pop'ilar toilet lotion is dis* tilled, is a native of Jamaica and other West India Islands. Compara- tively little is known concerning the manufacture of genuine Bay Rum, much of the Bay Rum on the market to-day being artificially prepared. It is used as a refreshing perfume in cases of nervous headache, faintness, etc., either by holding to the nostrils or applying on soft linen to the forehead. A small quantity added to water before bathing adds much to the refreshing effect. It is almost universally used as an after- shaving application. Bay Rum is also much used as a dressing for the hair, either alone or in combination with castor oil and glycerine. Every toilet supply should include a bottle of our genuine Bay Rum. ^ GEO. A. FEAR, The Pharmacy, Goderich. Benzine Is a product of American petroleum, in general use for removing grease, stains or paint from woollens or silk goods. A piece of cotton should be placed under the spot to be cleaned and the Benzine applied with a sponge. It should not be used near a fire or flame. Care should be taken to obtain only rectified Benzine for this purpose. Two table- spoonfuls of Benzine added to each boiler of water is said to facilitate washing. Benzine should be carefully kept in stoppered bottles in a cool place remote from fire or lights. It is largely used in the arts as a solvent, having to a great measure replaced turpentine. Borax Was known to the ancients. In its impure state ii is found abun- dantly on the borders of certain lakes in Thibet and Persia ; it also oc- 'curs in several localities in Europe and in what is known as Borax L. ake in California. As thus obtained it is covered with an earthy coating, greasy to the touch and having a soapy odor. It is puiiHed by treats ment with lime, which separates the soapy matter ; afterwards it is further purified by dissolving in water and re-crystalizing. Large quan- tities of^ Borax are now made artificially for the EUiropean market. Borax is a most valuable household article, and is becoming more generally used as its properties become more widely known. It should be used for laundry purposes in everv house. A table- spoonful of Borax and two ounces of soap should Le dissolved in five lO MEDICIMES ♦ Dispensed Accurately, with only Pure Drugs. Bring the Prescriptions your Doctor writes, to us and you can rely on having them properly prepared. Dispensins is a Braacli in whicli we lutve liad a Large and Varied Experience, and to which we devote Special Attention. Geo. A. Fear, The Pharmacy, CODERICH, ONT. ■<-♦- u i4< " >»t.«- fAMILY f^ECIPES May be Compounded by us or the ingredients supplied for your own i)reparation. In any case you may depend on getting the pure, fresh and full strength in Roots, Herlis, Fluid Extracts, Tinctnres, Etc., Etc. FOR YOUR RECIPES. Geo. A. Fear, The Pharmacy, GODBRIOH, ONT. II gallons of water, for white cbtton or linen goods. In washing flannels it will be found invaluable, and less than half the quantity of soap will be required. For colored flannels, cashmeres and colored woollen goods, use the water cold. For washing laces, dissolve a teaspoonful of Borax in a quart of warm water and let t^em stand over night ; then wash with a little soap. A fine ^loss can be given to linen by dissolv- ing a teaspoonful of Borax in a pint of starch when boiling. A small quantity of Borax used in the bath will soften the water and add to its cleansing and invigorating qualities. For cleaning paint, use a tablespoonful in a pail of soft water. For cleaning hair brushes, use a teaspoonful to a pint of water. To destroy moths, etc. , sprinkle a small quantity on the floor under the carpet. To clean the head and remove dandruff, dissolve a teaspoonful in half-a-pint of boiling water. When cold, rub until a good lather is produced ; then wash with cold water. Borax, combined with six or seven times its bulk of honey, makes an exce lent application for nursing sore mouth. At The Pharmacy you can always get the purest pow- dered Borax in boxes convenient for family use, at ten cents per box GEO. A. FEAR. Carbolic Acid Is obtain from coal tar oil by distillation. Vari' < forms of it are found in merce, though but t'vo. Carbolic Ar pure and Car- bolic Acid c are commonly used. It is a power poison, especi- ally to low fc as of life, and hence is largely used as an antiseptic and disinfectant. Carbolic Acid in its pure state occurs in white or colorless needle- like crystals. It is customary to add a small quantity of glycerine or water to it for disinfecting inrposes as it is much more convenient in liquid form. It is apt to be colored pinkish under influence of light and air, but this discoloration if only slight does not impair it. Carbolic Acid crude occurs in reddish brown liquid and should only be used for disinfecting purposes. For old sores, etc., add a dessertspoonful of pure Carbolic Acid to a quart of water and use as required. The crude Carbolic Acid used for disinfecting purposes, should be well mixed with water, in fSroportion of one ounce of Acid to a quart of water. The solution thus macle is of suflicient strength to purify drains, closets, ash pits, cess pools, etc. , and will be found very service- arfiiiwuitiiKa able in cleaiuiig yards where green moss accumukttes, as well as for the extraction of weeds in garden walks. To prevent the spread of contagious diseases, the floor should be sprinkled with the solution, and a half-pound well mixed with ten pounds of wet sand, spread on plates in every room. A sheet should oe hung over the door of the sick room and kept well saturated with a weak solution of the Acid. From dead bodies all chance of infection will be prevented by wrapping them in a sheet saturated with the solution above named. For cleaning rooms infested with insects, the solution as above will be found very valuable if infested places are well washed therewith. For this purpose see use of Sulphur. If any Acid should fall on the hand its caustic effect can be quickly removed by washing with oil. If taken internally by mistake, large doses of Sweet Oil and Castor Oil should be given at once. Carbolic Oil (Acid i, oil, i6) forms a rfery useful dressing for lacerated wounds, scalds, burns, etc. A few drops of Carbolic Acid added to a lotion of glycerine and rose water adds much to its healing properties. The pure Carbolic Acid in bulk always on hand. Try our Compound Carbolated Ointment for Sores GEO. A. FEAR, The Pharmacy, Goderieh. Castor Oil Is the product of a plant grown in the East Indies, Africa, Southern Europe and North America. The finest variety of oil is obtained from the seeds of the plant grown in Italy and is known as Italian Castor Oil. The seeds are about the size of a small bean, (oval) very smooth and shining, of a grayish color, marbled with grayish brown spots. As a lubricating oil for carriages, waggons, etc.. Castor Oil will be found better than ordinary machine oils. The oil is extracted from the seeds by pressure in hempen bags, under a hydraulic or screw press, after they have been bruised between heavy rollers. The best variety is obtained by pressure in the cold and ft known as Cold Drawn. If the bruised seeds are afterwards steamed or heated and again pressed, a second quality of the Oil is obtained, which is apt to become frozen in the wmter. Castor Oil is one of the must convenient and popular purgative medicines. Given in doses of from one to two teaspoonfuls with a little peppermint water it forms a gentle laxative for habits easily acted on by medicine^ while double this quantity may be necessary for others. The chief ob- 13 jection to the use of Castor Oil as a medicine is its disagreeable flavor and the sickness often produced by it. It is advisable to use the Aro- matic Italian Castor Oil for medicinal purposes. We always keep Castor Oil for medicinal purposes as well as for ordinary use. GEO. A FEAR, The Pharmacy, Goderieh- Camph or 'i^>T IfS Is obtained from the branches of an evergreen of the laurel family which grows in China and Japan, frequently adorning the banks of the rivers and growing to very great size. There are several ways of purifying Camphor. In China the branches while fresh cut are steeped m water for two or thrae days, and then boiled till the gum, in the form or a white jelly, adheres to a stick which is constantly used in stirring the branches. The fluid is then poured into a glazed vessel where it concretes in a few hours. To purify it the Chinese take a quantity of finely powdered earth which they lay at the bottom of a copper basin ; over this they place a layer of camphor and then another layer of earth, and so on until the vessel is nearly filled, the topmost layer being of earth. They cover this last layer with leaves of a plant called the Poho, which seems to be a species of mint. The whole is then sub- mitted to the action of a regulated fire for a certain time, and then left to cool gradually. On separating the vessels the Camphor is found to have ascended in vapor, and to have adhered to the upper basin. Repetitions of the same process complete its refinement. There is another variety of Camphor tree in the Island of Sumatra, which is much larger than that in China, under the bark of which the gum is found in a concrete form and from which it is brushed down carefully with long brooms. Another variety of the same tree yields its gum in the form of pith. These are cut down, divided into lengths of about three feet and split open very carefully, when the gum is taken out in large rolls, often as large as e man's arm, and all ready for market. One tree sometimes furnishes as much as eleven pounds of gum, which is valued very much more than that of the Chinese production. It is used both internally and externally, as a temporary stimulant. It is 'frequently employed in gout and rheumatism, and is useful as well for cholera and diarrhoea, ft is also of special value as a disinfectant and preventive in cases of contagious diseases. The Spirits of Camphor, mixed with hot water and inhaled and applied to the nostrils, relieves the inflammation in hay fever and cold in the head. H ; Will cure your Neuralgia or : Stop your Toothache. - PRO TUSSIS - THE LEADING COUGH SYRUP Maiinfiictnred by- Geo. a. Fear, - Goderich. Try it. Only 25 Cents a Bottle. The nicest preparation for Chap- ped Ha7ids or Roughness of the Skin is Fears Cream Balm. : : It Beautifies the Complexion. : : - GEO. A. FEAR, - . THE PHARMACY, Q-oderich, - - Ontario. IS Applied as a lotion to the forehead- and temples, Spirits of Cam- phor yields relief in many cases of headache, neuralgia and kindred complaints. Camphorated Oil (Camphor, one part ; Olive Oil, four parts) makes an excellent soothing embrocation for all irritations of the skin, ear-ache, etc. Camphorated Chalk (Camphor, one part ; Chalk, fifteen parts) is preferred by many as a dentifrice, to the higher priced tooth powders. Cinnamon Is the bark of a small tree, a native of Ceylon, which is very graceful. The leaves which are red in spring become thick, leathery and glossy-green as the summer advances. The Cinnamon peeling, as the harvest is called, begins at the close of the rainy season, in May, and lasts till Novemoer. "When the natives assemble to strip the bark their graceful figiures and bright colored clothing form picturesque groups in the forest glades, and the whole air is loaded with the scent of the spice. They slit the bark and cut it across so as to turn it back ; it is then soaked to remove the outer rind and rolled up into quillf about three feet long, when it is ready for exportation. Cinnamon is among the most grateful and efficient of the aromatics. It ir, warm and cordial to the stomach, astringent, and will oftentimes pllay nausea, check vomiting and relieve flatulence. It is often employed in diarrhcea, generally in connection with other astringents. The dose of the Oil is I to 4 drops. *' *' '* B^ssence is 20 to 60 drops. ♦* ** •* water is i to 2 ounces. Cloves Are the unopened flowers of a small evergreen tree that resembles in appearance the laurel or bay. It is a native of the Molucca or Spice Islands but is now grown in all the tropical countries. The flowers grow in large numbers, in clusters, to the very end of the branches. The Cloves used in Canada are the flowers gathered before they arc opened and while they are still green. After being gathered they are smoked by a wood fire, and then dried in the sun. The round head of the Clove is the four petals or leaves of the flowers rolled up, enclosing a number of small stalks or filaments ; the outer part terminated with four points is the flower cup of the unripe seed vessel. The parts may ^r««MflMw«aNirihM^^ — ^- -' iilrtV* tr-*fnr ' *"* ■ '*«"^' ---^^-^ t^^/t-lA^ be seen if a few cloves are soajced for a short time in hot water, when the leaves of the flowers soften and readily unroll. Sometimes the oil is separated from the Cloves before they are sold, and the odor and taste are, in consequence, much weakened. Cloves are seldom used medicinally, except as a flavoring agent in connection with other medicines. The oil obtained by distilling the cloves with water, in which is often added a little salt, is much used for toothache. Combs ''''••sfcei. Are manufactured ^ore extensively thtfh at aiiyi6ther place, in Ab- erdeen, Scotland. In ^e establishment l^ere, there are an immense number of furnaces for preparing boms and tortoise shells for the combs and between one and two hundred iron screw presses are constantly em- ployed in stamping them. Steam power is employed to cut the combs, the operation being performed by this means with great efficiency. The coarse combs are stamped or cut out, two being cut in a place at one time by ingenious machinery. The fine dressing Combs and all small tooth combs are cut by fine circular saws, some so fine as to cut forty teeth in the space of an inch, and they revolve thousands of tinies in a minute. There are about two thousand varieties of combs made, and the aggregate number produced of all these difi*erent sorts is about nine millions annually. The annual consumption of ox horns, hoofs, tortoise shell and buffalo horn is, of course, prodigious ; even the waste, con- sisting of horn shavings and portions of hoofs, amounts to hundreds of tons in a year, and this becomes a valuable material in the manufacture of prussiate of potash, etc. Copperas ^ *^^ ^ / ^ ( --»- (Sulphate of Iron), Medicinal Sulphate of Iron is/f5repared by boiling iron wire and Sulphuric Acid in water. This nihiffure on cooling deposits the Sulphate of Iron in crystals. Commerciafaulphate of Iron (Copperas), that used for disinfecting purposes, occurs as a by product in the manufacture of numerous chemicals. Copperas is one of the best known and cheapest of disinfectants. tt may be scattered around in cess pools, water closets, sinks, etc., or dissolved in water and sprinkled wherever filth exists. It is a poison and should be used with care. In cases of poisoning with Cop- peras give while of eggs, while a stomach pump is being procured. oi lij ol 17 len oil [lid in is Ab. t ense f ■ >mbs l' rem- t mbs, . V The ^ ■ fc one ■■■ imali. forty a- 1 in a 1* "' and t nine rtoise i' • con- ;ds of icture t rp-^ ;d by oling "Iron Dduct ants. etc., is a Cop- Cream of Tartar This well-known article is deposited in the form of crystallized crusts during the fermentation of wines, especially those of a tart nature, and as such is called crude Tartar. This crude Tartar is pulverized, boiled in water and cooled in earthen pans in which it crystallizes. Ij'hese crystals are again boiled in water mixed with a small quantity of |)ipe clay ; this is evaporated. The clay precipitate removes the im- purities. The clear liquid is removed arid further evaporated when it deposits the pure Cream of Tartar. It is well to discriminate between the medicinal and commercial kinds of this article ; the latter are extensively used in arts and pro- duced at low prices, but on account of the metallic impurit^s they con- tain much injury may be sustained by their use. Cream of Tartar is a cathartic and diuretic ; in small doses it acts as a cooling aperient, in large as a cathartic. It has a tendency to ex- cite the action of the kidneys and is used in dropsical complaints. It is much used in combination with sulphur, senna and jalaps. The dose of Cream Tartar as an aperient is a teaspoonful : as a cathartic, twice that amount. In combination with double the quan- tity of -sulphur, Cream of Tnrtar is used by many as a spring medicine. It is advisable not to expose one's self too much to cold or dampness after using this or any other cathartic medicine. Flax Seed (Linseed) On account of its emollient and demulcent prop>erties is of great value in catarrhal affections and also for coughs, bronchial troubles, etc. It is said to be improved by the addition of a little stick licorice and lemon juice. The infusion is prepared by boiling an ounce of the seed in a quart of water. The ground seed, freed from the oil and mixed with olive oil, makes one of the best poultices — four ounces of meal, half an ,ounce of olive oil, and half a pmt of boiling water are the proper proportions. A small quantity of flaxseed meal added to a mustard plaster enhances its value and lessens its tendency to blister. » Linseed Oil and lime water in equal parts make the famous Carron Oil* used in the iron works of Scotland for recent burns and scalds. i$ Florida Water Florida, cologne and violet waters are all excellent toilet waters. Though hardly strong enough to be of much value as handkerchief per- fumes they are very refreshing when used in connection with the batl As a perfume for the sick they are preferable to the stronger handk( chief perfumes, being entirely free from the suffocatinp odors of most the higher priced perfumes. Much benefit is derived by many, especially ladies, by their lise headache and fainting spells. Get a bottle of our Florida Water at 50 or 25 cents if you want^ real nice toilet water. GEO. A. FEAR. Friar's Balsam (Tr. Benzoin Co). Is a tincture prepared from gum benzoin, styrux and balsam of tolu, and is known under various names, viz : Turlington's balsam ; Wade's balsam ; Jesuit's drops, &c. It is used both internally and externally. Internally in doses of ten tc sixty drops on sugar. It is given with good results in chronic coughs and catarrhal afifections. Externally it is much used as an application to cuts, wounds, indolent ulcers, chapped nipples, etc. In combination with forty times the quantity of rose water it forms a nice lotion to protect the face fro n the heat of the sun. A variety of Court Plaster is mc : :- by applying a solution of isin- glass to black silk and afterwards tincture of benzom. Ginger Is the root, or rather the underground stem, of a plant grown in the East Indies and other tropical countries. The stem grows two or three feet high and is reed like j the flowers are borne on a separate stalk, of a dark purple color, and appear from between broad scales. That used in Canada comes from both the East and "West Indies ; and is imported in the root, which differs much in appearance and quality. The Jamaica or White Ginger differs from the common or black Ginger in being entirely deprived of the outer bark or covering, and commands a much higher price. The common is often bleached to re- semble the Jamaica, but is much inferior to the genuine article. Ginger is a pleasing and efBcient stimulant, greatly used with much ' i9 benefit in dyspepsia, flatulent colic, diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera mor- bus and kindred complaints. It is an efficient addition to bitter in- fusions and powders, imparting to them an agreeable, warming and cordial operation of the stomach. The concentrated extract of Jamaica Ginger is one of the most val- I uable of family medicines ; it is particularly recommended as a tonic to ^* "^ersons recovering from fevers, and in all disorders of the digestive or- ms, as dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, seasickness, summer irrhcea, &c. , also to the inebriate who wishes to reform but whose stomach is constantly craving the noxious liquor. It is given in doses of from 5 drops to a teaspoonful, according to age, and should always be diluted with water. For all above troubles it would be well to use Fear's Extract Jamaica Ginger. Glyce rine A sweet liquid of a syrupy consistence, colorless and odorless, is obtained from fats and fixed oils. It was discovered in 1798 and is produced in the manufacture ol lead plaster and soap. Soap makers' waste is an abundant source of Glycerine, but when thus obtained it is apt to have more or less odor. Lead plaster pro- duces a much finer quality. It is highly valued as an external remedy, chiefly from its emollient and undrying properties. When applied clear, for chapped hands, etc., it should be used after washing before the skin is dry. It is more gen- erally used in combination with rose water or in the formulas below : Glycerine Lotion. — Glycerine, i oz. ; rose water, 2 ozs. ; car- bolic acid, 10 drops. Glycerine Camphor Crbam. — Glycerine, 2 ozs. ; camphor, i oz. ; spirits of wine, I oz. Mix. Glycerine Cream for Chilblains. — Glycerine, i oz. ; soft soap, I oz. ; cherry-laurel water, I oz. Internally, Glycerine is used for sore throat and colds in teaspoon- ful doses. Gum Arabic Exudes from the trunk and branches of the acacia tree after the rainy season. It gradually thickens in the furrow down which it runs and assumes the form of oval and round drops, about the size of a pigeon's egg of different colors as it comes down from the red or white ptlin tree. About the middle of December the Moors encamp on the borders of the forest, and the harvest lasts a full month. The gum is packed in large leather sacks and transported on the backs of camels and bullocks to seaports for shipment. The harvest occasion is one of great rejoicing and the people for the time being, are said to live on the gum which is nutritious and fattening. Many families keep mucilage of Gum Arabic for general pasting^ purposes always in the house. It is also sometimes given as a medicin^^ for coughs. To make into a mucilage, one ounce of the gum rubbed idfil a mortar, should he dissolved in four ounces of warm water. Insect Powder Istheground flower heads oiihtpyrethram roseum^ cultivated chiefly in Southern Europe and Persia. Owing to the larger demand for it of late years much of the powder has been found to have been greatly adulterated. To overcome this the most of the large dealers in Canada now import the unground flowers and grind them themselves. Purchasers should be careful to buy this drug only of reliable dealers. Its use has become almost universal for the destruction of flies, bed bugs, cockroaches, mosquitoes, cabbage worms, carpet i.:.oths, sheep ticks, ants, crickets, fleas on dogs and lice on hoie?^ .::t ':, house plants, birds, etc. , etc. Dusted on furs, clothing and carpels to be laid away it is a protec- tion against moths. In using Insect Po vder for the destruction of flies, etc. , the doors and windows should be cl'^^ed and the powder sifted on the windows and in the air so as to fiH the r<. jm as much as possible. The Powder is v^oi considered poisonous to persons and animals, at any rate in small quanl'.des, but is believed to destroy insects by suflbca- tion. It should be protected from the air when not in use. We put up the genuine Insect Powder in cans witli perforated lids specially for household use. GEO* A. FEAR, The Pharmacy, Goderich. tt I chiefly powder me this iground reliable )f flies, 1220ths, protec- doors ndows With Heh. Lemons Art' the fruit of a tree which has been regarded by many botanists as a V 'n :Ly of the citron, and is ^'ke it a native of the north of India. In the common variety, which is now very extensively cultivated in ma.iy tropical countries, our supply coming chiefly from the West Indies and Mediterranean. The pulp of the fruit is very acid, abounding in citric acid. There is, however, a variety called the sweet lemon, occasionally cultivated in the South of Europe, of which the juice is sweet. The use of the lemon as a flavoring agent is so well known that it is needless for us to do more than merely refer to it here. The juice of the lemon properly diluted forms a very refreshing and agreeable beverage in febrile and inflammatory afliections. One of the most beneficial applications of Lemon Juice is to the prevention and cure of scurvy, for which it is almost a specific. For this purpose, ships destined for long voyages should always be provided with a supply of it in concentrated form. In England every foreign going ship is required by law to take such a supply of lemon juice that every seaman should have a daily allowance of one ounce after being ten days at sea. Licorice Powder (Compound) (Browr Powder) Is a gentle laxative, the value of which is not duly appreciated. For women and children there is no nicer form of laxative. One or two teaspoonfuls may be taken in milk or water at bedtime or before breakfast. Lime Water SJ^HiId be considered a constant necessity in every home. Proper* ly prep»iied Lime Water is an inexpensive article, which though used by many is not generally duly valued. It corrects sourness of the stomach and is a valuable tonic. It is usefully employed in dyspepsia, diarrhoea and dysentery. Mixed with an equal measure of milk, Lime Water is one of the best remedies for nausea and vomiting dependent upon irritability of the stomach. Wh«n employed to allay nausea it is usually given in doses of a tablespoonful, repeated in half an hour or an hour. Con- tinued use of it is liable to weaken the stomach. lf^»%t»-;».l v:.'.£m ■M 9mM^. 22 It Magnesia (Carbonate) occurs sometimes as a native mineral known as mag- nesite, the best deposits of which are in the Grecian archipelago, but that which is sold in Canada is prepared on a large scale by the manu- facturers by mixing together solution of sulphate of magnesia (epsom salts) and carbonate of soda, then evaporating the solution and purifying by again dissolving and evaporating. It is anti-acid, and by combining with the acid in the stomach be- comes cathartic. It is much used in dyspepsia, sick headache, gout and other complaints attended with sour stomach and constipation. It is a favorite remedy in the complaints of children, though the solution of Magnesia known as Fluid Magnesia is much easier of administration and when freshly made is preferable to the solid form. Gregory's Powder is a mixture of rhubarb, Magnesia and ginger. The dose of the carbonate is from one to four teaspoon fuls and should always be thoroughly mixed with milk or water before being taken. A few drops of extract of ginger or peppermint mixed with it enhances its value. Magnesia Citrate is made by mixing together carbonate of Mag- nesia, citric acid, soda and sugar. It occurs in a granular form and should always be kept in well closed bottles. ' It is a cooling cathartic and operates mildly. It is more acceptable to the stomach than the ordinary carbonate, and for this reason has be- come a favorite aperient. The effervescing solution, the most convenient form, has full direc- , tions on each bottle. Of the Granular Eftervescent Citrate of Magnesia two heaping tea" spoonfuls put into a tumbler half full of water and drank during effer* vescence forms a mild but efficient aperient ; while a small teaspoonful taken in a wineglass of water acts as a valuable anti-acid cooling draught when feverish. Magnesium Sulphate (epsom sails) is a constituent of sea water and of some saline springs ; it also occurs native in certain rocks and is found in the great caves $o numero»«s west of the Alleghany Mountains. Sulphate of Magnesium was originally procured by evaporating the waters of the saline springs at Epsom in England, but it is now prepar- ed in many places both in America and Europe by different processes. [Sec Salts.] There are advantages in the results of its action by administering in divided doses, frequently repeated. It is often given in combination 23 with other medicines, especially senna, the griping effects of which it tends to obviate. ^ As well as the Granular Effervescent Citrate of Mag- nesia we keep the solution or Fluid Magnesia in conven- ient bottles for domestic use. GEO. A. FEAR, The Pharmacy, Goderich. Olive Oil This oil is pressed from the ripe fruit of the olive tree cultivated in Southern Europe and Northern Africa. Attempts to cultivate the olive in the Southern States have met with very poor success. The best Olive Oil, called Virginia Oil, is obtained from fruit picked before maturing And is of a greenish hue. The common oil used for culinary purposes and in the manufacturing of soaps is procured from very ripe fruit. It is the most valuable of all vegetable oils. It is largely used in salads and as an article of diet. Medicinally, Olive Oil is nutritious and mildly laxative and is oc- casionally given as a feeble purgative in cases of irritable intestines. Dose : One to two ounces. When swallowed in large quantities it serves to involve poisonous substances and lessen their action. Externally applied, Olive Oil is useful in relaxing the skin and cool- ing irritated surfaces. It is greatly used as a costituent of liniments, ointments, plasters, etc. Opodeldoc A liniment made from soap, camphor, rosemary and alcohol. It was formerly made of a jelly-like consistence but is now almost univer- sally made in liquid form. It is a very useful liniment for sprains, bfuises, rheumatism or gout. Otto of Rose Is an article the expense of producing which prevents its importa- tion into Canada in its pure state. The rose gardens of Ghazepore in India are flelds in which small rose bushes are planted in rows. M i The blossoms are gathered in the mornings and their leaves distilled in clay stills with twice their weight of water. The water which comes over is placed in open vessels, covered with a moist muslin cloth to keep out dust and flies, and exposed all night to the cool air, as we set out milk to throw out its cream. In llie morning a thin layer of oil has collected on the top which is swept ott with a feather and carefully put into a small bottle. This is continued for several nights till nearly all the oil is separated from the wf.;er. Twenty thousand roses are required to yield a rupee-weight of oil which sells for fifty dollars. The Otto ol Rose sold in this country, and in fact, almost all that is sold anywhere, is largely diluted with sandal-wood oil or sweet salad oils. Paregoric (Camphorated tincture of opium). This is a very pleasant ano- dyne, much used to allay cough, to relieve nausea and slight pains in the stomach and bowels and to check diarrhoea. It is used in infantile cases to produce sleep, but the opium it contains makes it objectionable for this purpose. A mixture of Paregoric and syrup of squills forms a very frequently used cough mixture for children. The dose for adults is one teaspoon ful " ** *' infants ** tive to twenty drops. Peppermint Belongs to the family of plants of which spearmint and penny- royal are the other important species. Each of these contains an aro- matic essential oil, possessing medicinal qualities. The peppermint plant is widely distributed over the temperate parts of (he world, is easily propogated and readily recognized by the peculiar pungency of its odor. The State of New York prcxluces nearly all the crop of Peppermint used in America. It is grown on black ash swamps, which have l)een drained thoroughly, from roots which are planted as 1 ops are. When cut it is partially dried and taken to a still where the oil is extracted. The oil sells from $2. 50 to $5 a pound. About seventy thousand pounds are vsed annually in producing medicines, manufacturing candies and making cordials. For domestic medicinal use a tea is made from the essence of Pep- permint and sweetened. It is found of great value for wind on the stomach, colic, etc., and to prevent the griping eflect of other medi- cines, it should be made very weak when given lo infants. 25 The oil is one of the best external remedies at our command for neuralgia, and is said to have been used in China for ages. A cloth wet with it should be laid on afflicted part and evaporation restrained by oiled muslin or other covering. The dose of the oil is from 2 to 6 drops on sugar. Perfumes Are manufactured principally in tropical countries, where groves of oranges and lemons are convenient to supply their buds and where flowers bloom by the acre — fields of the violet, of the rose, of the geranium, the verbena, the lily-of-the-valleyj, the jasmine, tulxirose, hyacinth, jonguil and myrtle and many others; These flowers, each in its season, are gathered always at night-fall or at early dawn when the dew is on them. Brought in in large hampers they are piled handful by handful on a frame over which has previously been stretched a cloth, often resembling cotton flannel, moistened in odorless olive or almond oiL When the frame is filled, another is fitted over it and that in turn is heaped, and the fitting and heaping aie continued until a ponderous pile is prepared, which is left a couple of days, and the fresh flowers replace the first, and the process is repeated every two days for two weeks. At the end of this time, the last flowers being removed, tho cloths are taken from the frames and the oil with which they wi:io moistened is wrung out of them under great pressure, and is found to be heavily and deliciously charged with the aroma of the flowe;-; used. In order to make the finest extracts, this oil is used with double its weight of pure rectified spirit in a vessel known as a digester, that is a porcelain or block-tin kettle that fits in another kettle, tin; outer one filled with boiling water. In this vessel the contents digest during three or four days, being very frequently shaken the while. Then, Inivin;.^ been set to cool, the spirit is decanted into another vessel holding tlie same quantity of the perfumed oil, and the process is repeated. After the third repetition, the spirit has taken up enough of the perfume, and is carefully decanted from the oil, for the last time, through a lube, cnc end of which is filled with cotton-wool ; and it is then pronounced to be the chociest known, usually called "Triple Extract," possessing an ex- quisite delicacy that belongs to no other preuaration. ^ We )ay much attention to the matter of Choice Per- fumes, keepingr in stock all the staple odors as well as every favorite new variety. GEO. A. FEAR, The Pharmacy, Goderich. ^mm 26 ,1 FEAR'S PERFECTION B aking • P owder Is growing rapidly in popular favor — Have you ever used it ? If not, You Should. ALWAYS FRESH, PURE AND HEALTHFUL ! THE BEST FOR BAKING. -o- Oilr Flavorinp Extrach anfl 8pice8 Have an established reputation for Purity and Strength. They are superior to most others on the market, and lower in price. Diamond Dyes, Turkish Dyes and every line for Cleansing and Restoring Colors in wearing apparel. We have the Largest Variety of Fancy Toilet Soaps in town, at prices to suit everybody. SEC. A. FEAR, THE PHARMACY, Goderich, Ontario. vT- "twi'saav •a tiuian— II ' 27 Petrolatum Is manufactured chiefly in the oil regions of Western Pennsylvania. It is an article that has acquired considerable importance of late years under various trade names, such as "vaseline", "cosmoline", &c. It is a bland neutral body well calculated to take the place of lard as a base for ointments and for other purposes. It is used medicinally as a cooling protecive dressing and is said to be of value taken in half teaspoonful doses three or four times a day — in chronic bronchitis and other throat troubles. As a dressing for the hair, Petrolatum has largely taken the place of oil, specially prepared perfumed pomades being generally sold for this purpose. Salts Is so well known as a purgative that it needs little attention here. It generally acts quickly and is therefore much favored in acute diseases. "When combined with an infusion of g-ntian and a little ginger, Epsom Salts is found beneficial in dyspepsia. The dose of Epsom Sal** is from one-half to two ounces dissolved in warm water. Salts of Lemon (Poison) Is a well-known article for removing iron mould, ink and other stains from linen, lace, muslin, cambric, lawn, etc. Senna Leaves The leaflets of various kinds of cassia. Senna is imported chiefly from India and Egypt, the former place furnishing what is known as Trunevelly Senna, the latter Alexandria Senna. Senna was first used as a medicine by the Arabians, and the name itself is Arabic. It is a prompt and very safe purgative well calculated for fevers, the only dis- advantage being that it is liable to produce severe griping ; this, ^ ow- ever may be overcome by mixing with it some aromatics and one o* the alkaline salts, preferably cream of tartar or epsom salts. ^ I- . ^ s8 The purgative effect of Senna is considerably increased by combin- ation with bitters. The most common method of administering Senna is the infusion. One-half pint of boiling water is poured on one ounce of the leaves ; let stand tor half an hour and strained. Dose from one-half to one wia«- glassful as required. The addition of a little ginger will verjr much improve the infusion. Soap Bark Is the bark of Qutllaia Saponaria, The name Quillay is derived from the Chilian word, Quillean — meaning to wash. The bark when bruised and macerated in water imparts lo the liquid the property of frothing like soap, when agitated. There is nothing equal to it for restoring the color in dress- goods, etc. Every housekeeper should keep on hand a package of Soap Bark for removing spots and stains from wearing apparel. The bark is steeped in hot water, two ounces to a quart of water, and the fabric sponged with the solution. A large quantity of water may be used if it is thought convenient to wash the garment in it. Our ten cent boxes of Soap Bark are becoming very popular. Keep a box in the house. GEO. A. FEAR, The Pharmacy, Goderich. Soda Is an alkali which was formerly obtained in large quantities from the ashes of the Kali and various other native plants growing on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, and to which ashes the name of barilla is given, A more impure Soda was obtained from Kelp, which is the ashes of different sea weeds found on the coasts of Ireland and Scotland. A large trade was formerly carried on in these articles but it is now found cheaper to make Soda from the decomposition of salt. The salt is put into a furnace and sulphuric acid poured upon it ; the heat first melts it and then roasts it into Sulphate of Soda ; this is after- wards put into another furnace with an equal weight of carbonate of lime, either in the form of limestone or chalk, and half its weight of small coal ; the whole is subjected to intense heat, during which many chemical changes take place. The mess when finally raked out to cool consists of black ash and ball Soda ; it is afterwards separated from in- 29 soluble impurities by being dissolved in wann water ; and, after being further purified in the furnace, becomes the ordinary Soda of commerce. It will be seen from this cheaper and more extensively used method of producing Soda, that it is wise to use caution and procure the genuine bi-carbonate of Soda for any important domestic or medicinal use. The uses of Soda in cooking are well known to every housekeeper. Medicinally it is given for acidity of the stomach and dyspepsia in doses of from ten grains to half a drachm. The Genuine Bi-carbonate of Soda can always be ob- tained at The Pharmacy. GEO. A. FEAR. Sperm Oil This oil mixed with spermaceti is obtained from the head of the sperm whale ; it is separated from the spermaceti by filtration and pres- sure. As a lubricating oil for sewing machines nothing is superior to Sperm Oil. Mixed with a small quantity of kerosene it is not so apt to clog the machine as when used alone. Squill! Are the sliced bulbs of the urginia scilla — a plant growing on the sea coasts of Spain, France, Italy and other countries bordering on the Mediterranean. The fresh bulb is pear shaped, usually a little larger than a man's hand but sometimes as large as a child's head and consists of fleshy scales closely applied over each other. There are two varieties, the red and the white ; they do not lifter medicinally. Squills are expectorant, diuretic and in large doses emetic and purgative. Water, alcohol and vinegar extract their virtues. It is seldom used except in the form of syrup, but in this form is probably the most used ot any cough medicine. Either singly or in connection with other ex- pectorants it forms an excellent expectorant cough medicine. The dose of the syrup for an adult is one to two teaspoonfals ; for a child 5 to 20 drops. The Compound Syrup of Squills, commonly called Hive Syrup, is a splendid remedy for infantile croup. It should be given in doses of from s to 30 drops according to age, and repeated every 15 to 20 min- utes until it causes vomiting. 30 -.5 Sulphur Is a solid non- metallic mineral known from the remotest antiquity ; it is hard, yellow, battle and has a disagreeable smell. It is found native in veins or b jds mostly near active volcanoes ; it is also found combined with iroi>, copper, lead and antimony, forming the most abundant ore of thoie metals. While it abounds in the mineral king- dom, traces of it are ^ound both in the animal and vegetable kingdoms. The bad smell of some plants, as assafcetida and garlic is to be attributed to the sulphur they coi:tain. It exists also in eggs and some other animal products ; thus it iS that eggs discolor silver spoons. The imported Sulphur comes mostly from Sicily, but laige quan- tities are procured from iron and copper pyrites. These metals are heated, and the Sulphur being volatile flies off in fumes, which are conveyed by pipes to a condensing room. When left in the powdery state in which it condenses, it is called Flour of Sulphur, but if melted and cut it makes Roll Sulphur. As well as being largely used in the manufacture of gun powder and matches. Sulphur is a most valuable article for bleaching and many domestic purposes. Sulphur is used medicinally as a laxative, in hemorrhoidal affec- tions, rheumatism, chronic catarrh and asthma, and externally in skin diseases, especially itch, both in the form of ointment and as a vapor bath. Dose as a laxative : One-half to two teaspoonfuls, m.ixed in milk or with molasses or syrup. Sulphur is often combined with magnesia or with cream of tartar as a laxative and also used in this way to induce perspiration in rheu- matic complaints. Rod bugs and other insects may be effectually disposed of by wash- ing the walls of the room with i solution of carbolic acid and burning a sufficient quantity of Sulphur in a tinsmith's stove or other suitable vessel, keeping the windows and doors closed and the keyholes covered. Sweet Spirits Nitre Is deservedly much esteemed as a medicine and is extensively used in febrile affections for the purpose of promoting the secretions, especi- ally those of sweat and urine. It often proves a grateful stimulus to the stomach, relieving nausea and remf ving flatulence and not unfrequently quiets restlessness and promotcH «'eep. 3« On account of its tendency to promote the acting of the kidneys it is often used alone or together with other medicines. The dose is from one-half to one teaspoonful in sweetened water and may be repeated in two or three hours. Tartaric Acid A crystallin acid obtained from cream of tartar. It is refrigerant and allays thirst and irritation of skin. Dissolved in water and sweet- ened it forms a substitute for lemonade ; it may be improved by adding a few drops of essence of lemon. It is an excellent remedy, when largely diluted, for reducing unnat- ural heat in the body. For making extemporaneous eftervesciijg drinks Tartaric Acid has ever been a favorite article. Probably the nicest preparation of this kind is Cream Soda, made as follows : . Two-and-a-half pounds of granulated sugar ; one-eighth pound Tartaric Acid dissolved in one quart of hot water ; when cold, stir in the beaten whites of three eggs and bottle for use. To a half glass of water add two dessertspoonfuls of the mix- ture with two or three drops of any desired flavoring. Stir in on«- half teaspoonful of bicarbonate of soda and drink while effervescing. Turpentine Is procured chiefly from the long-leaved pine of the Southern States. The crude Turpentine (the natural juice of the tree) is first ob- tained during the months of December, January and February. This is sometimes called white Turpentine and gum Turpentine. The operation of distilling the gum is carried on in turnip-shaped copper stills of a capacity from ten barrels up to sixty — the ordinary size being twenty and thirty barrels. They are bricked up at the sides and the fire strikes directly on the bottom. The resin, being a residuum, is let off at one side into vats, from which it is dipped into vats to cool. If the resin is not entirely free of either spirits or water, it is opaque and loses value. In the trees from which the gum has been taken for years, trees deaden- ed by fire and stumps of trees cut down when the sap is up, a peculiar transformation of the wood takes place : all its pores become filled with pitchy matter, :t increases greatly m weight and will take fire almost as readily as gun-powder. The smothered burning of this wood in kilns covered with oirt is the source of pine tar and pitch. Pitch is tar boiled down until all its volatile matter is driven off. 32 The public are so familiar with the uses of Turpentine that it may not be out of place for us to warn our readers against its indiscriminate use. In chronic rheumatism the vapor of Turpentine, used as a vapor bath, has been highly recommended. For worms, sufficient to moisten a teaspoonful of sugar may be taken. A stimulating application for ulcers, bums, scalds, etc. , may be made with two ounces and a-half of resin cerate melted by standing the vessel in hot water and adding one ounce and a-half of oil of Turpentine and thoroughly mixing. / rr-Ti r-n-rn—s-T it may riminale a vapor je taken. may be iding the irpentine m #:'-^V' "^^S*- ^^ '^SJ. *A*5 'tensing &" F^m^ 0