IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A.^ 1.0 I.I ■25 Li 12.8 ut Ui |2.2 ^ tea 12.0 IU& 1^ 1^ lii^ ^ 6" ^ Photographic ^Sciences Corporation 4. '^^ V '^ ^ '^^\ C> «<^J5^ 33 WIST MAIN tT«IIT WIUTH.N.Y. USaO (7U)I73-4S03 4^ %" CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/iCIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Instituta for Historical IMicroraproductiona / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquaa Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Nota* tachniquat at bibliographiquaa Tha Instituta has anemptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filitining. Faaturas of this copy which may ba bibiiographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagas in tha raproduction. or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. 0Colourad covars/ Couvartura da coulaur nn Covars damagad/ D S D D D Couvartura andommagia Covars rastorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura rastauria at/ou palliculia I — j Covar titia missing/ La titra da couvartura manqua Colourad maps/ Cartas gtegraphiquas wt coulaur Colourad ink (i.a. othar than blua or black)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) r~1 Colourad platas and/or illustrations/ Planchas at/ou illustrations an coulaur Bound with othar matarial/ RaliA avac d'autras documants Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion along intarior margin/ La r« liura sarria paut causar da I'ombra ou da la diatorsinn l« long da la marga intiriaura Blank laavas addad during rastoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar possibia, thasa hava baan omittad from filming/ II sa paut qua cartainas pagas blanchas ajoutias lors d'una rastauration apparaissant dans la taxta. mais, lorsqua cala itait possibia, cas pagas n'ont pas At* filmAas. Additional eommants:/ Commantairas supplimantairas; L'Institut a microfilm* la maillaur axempiaire qu'il lui a *ti possibia da sa procurar. Las details da cat axamplaira qui sont paut-Atra uniquas du point da vua bibliographiqua, qui pauvant modifiar una imaga raproduita. ou qui p«uvant axigar una modification dans la mithoda normaia da filmaga sont indiquis ci-dassous. I I Colourad pagas/ D This Itam is fllmad at tha raduction ratio chackad balow/ Ca docjmant ast film* su taux da reduction IndiquA ci-dassous. Pagas da coulaur Pagas damagad/ Pagas andommagias Pagas rastorad and/oi Pagas rastaurAas at/ou pailiculias Pagas discolourad, stainad or foxai Pagas dicolorias. tachatias ou piquAas Pagas datachad/ Pagas ditachias Showthroughy Transparanca Quality of prir Qualit* inAgala da I'imprassion Includas supplamantary matarii Comprand du material suppl4mantaira Only adition availabia/ Snuia Adition disponibia I — I Pagas damagad/ r~~| Pagas rastorad and/or laminatad/ r~y| Pagas discolourad, stainad or foxad/ p~| Pagas datachad/ r^ Showthrough/ r~n Quality of print varias/ r~1 Includas supplamantary matarial/ rn Only adition availabia/ Tha CO to tha li Tha inn possib of tha filmint Origin) baginn tha lai sion, c othar < first pi sion. a or illui Pagas wholly or partially obscurad by arratn slips, tissuas, ate, hava baan rafilmad to ansura tha bast possibia imaga/ Las pagas totalamant ou partiailamant obscurcias par un fauillat d'arrata, una palura, ate, ont Ati filmAas i nouvaau da faqon A obtanir la maillaura imaga possibia. Tha lai shall c TINUE whichi Maps, diffars antiral baginr right • raquiri matho 10X 14X 18X 22X 2ex aox y 12X 1IX aox 24X aix sax The copy filmed here hee been reproduced thenks to the generosity of: UniMnity of SailcatchavMn S«k«toon The imegee eppeering here ere the beet queiity poMibie considering the condition end iegibiiity of the originei copy end in Iceeping with the filming contrect specif icetione. L'exempioire f limA f ut reproduit grice i ie gAnirosit* de: Univwrtity of Saslutehtwan Sariutoon Les imeges suiventes ont 4t* reproduites evec ie plus grend soin, compte tenu de Ie condition et de Ie nettet* de I'exempleire fllmi. et en conformit* evec les conditions du contret de filmsge. Originei copies in printed peper covers ere filmed beginning with the front cover end ending on the lest pege with e printed or iiiustreted impres- sion, or the becic cover when sppropriete. All other originei copies ere filmed beginning on the first pege with e printed or iiiustreted impres- sion, end ending on the lest pege with e printed or iiiustreted impression. Les exempleires origineux dont Ie couverture en pepier est imprimis sont filmto en commen9ent per Ie premier plet et en terminent soit per Ie derniAre pege qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustretion. soit per Ie second plet, selon Ie ces. Tous les eutres exempleires origineux sont filmis en commenpent per Ie premlAre pege qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustretion et en terminent per Ie dernlAre pege qui comporte une telle empreinte. The lest recorded frsme on eech microfiche shell contein the symbol — ^> (meening "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol y (meening "END"), whichever eppiies. Un dee symboles suivents epperettre sur Ie dernlAre imege de cheque microfiche, selon Ie ess: Ie symbols -^ signifie "A 8UIVRE", Ie symbols V signifie "FIN". Meps, pistes, cherts, etc., mey be filmed et different reduction rstios. Those too Isrge to be entirely included in one exposure ere filmed beginning in the upper left hsnd cornsr, left to right end top to bottom, es meny fremes es rsquired. The following diegrems illustrete the method: Les cortes, plenches. tebleeux, etc., peu/ent ttre filmte i dee teux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grend pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichi, II est film* i pertir de I'engle sup4rieur geuche, de geuclie i droite. et de heut en bes, en prenent Ie nombre d'imeges n4cessoire. Les diegremmes suivents illustrent Ie mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 TESTIMONY ACTUAL SETTLERS .^.v\^^ 3^' 5)^^V " ( ^^e^t^to^'* 111 IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT. I 4>» ■ '^ Under the Land Regulations now in force (see next page) payments for land are SPREAD OVER TEN YEARS instead of five as heretofore, without conditions requiring cultivatim. mWOffS FA7ABLS AT THI BND OF BAOH 7XAB, AND NOTIN ADVANOl AS 70BMBBL7. Under these Regulations, and considering that each settler, or son of a settler can obtain 160 ACRES FREE from the Government, it is believed that no country in the v^rorld offers such favorable inducements to those desirous of taking up lands for settlement SASKATOON '^iSll 'H;'5:katch? ^^^!2 JAN 1 7 1967 331111 Hegttlations for tbe Sale of lanl » II O II » The lands within the Railway belt, extending 24 miles from each side of the main line, will be di^KMcd of at prices ranging from $2.50 PER ACRE vpwaids, according to location and quality, without any conditions requiring cultivation. T^ise Regulations are substituted for and cancel those hitherto in force. If paid for in fiill at time of purchase, a Deed of Conveyance of the land will be given ; but the purchaser may pay one-tentll in casll) and the balance in with. inter<«t at six per cent, per annum, payable at the end of each yeiur. Payments may be made in Lud Grant Bonds, which will be accepted at ten per cent, premium on their par value and accrued interest. These bonds can be obtained on application at the Bank of Montreal, Montreal, or at any of its agencies in Canada or the United States. All sales are subject to the following general conditions : I. All improvements placed upon land purchased to be maintained thereon until final payment has been made. a. All taxes and assessments lawfully imposed upon the land or improvments to be paid by the purchaser. 3. The Company reserves from sale, under these regulations, all mineral and coal lands ; and lands containing timber in Quantities, stone, slate and marble quarries, lands with water power thereon, and tracts for town sites and railway purposes. 4. Mineral, coal and timber lands and quarries, and lands controlling water power, will be disposed of on very moderate terms to persons givmg satisfactory evidence of their intention and ability to utilize the same. 5. The Company reserves the right to take without remuneration (except for the value of buildings •ad improvements on the required portion of the land) a strip or strips of land 200 feet wide, to be used for right of way, or other railway purposes, wherever the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, or any bnmch thereof is or shall be located. Liberal rates for settlers and their efierts will be granted by the Company over its Railway. For further particulars, apply to the Company's Land Commissioner, JOHN H. McTAVISH, Winnipeg. Montreal, January, 1886. NOTB.— SOVTHCRN MANITOBA. The Manitoba and South Western Railway (leased by the Canadian Pacific) has now been extended from Manitou to the neighbourhood of Whitewater Lake (see map), and applications for lands along this line will now be received. These are among the choicest lands in the Province, and will be sold on ▼ery reasonable terms to actual settlers. Apply to Mr. McTAVISH for prices and conditiona. r^i ; ot ^c'^ ^ 'i- 1 "J! VoH. ,'^ « • "I ill Bclt«n»> ^ 4r^\ r S(" •% 11 lAda * .K \%, W 1 aw: 95 DC ru L ^ 8b rc uummivn ur umnmum rNK THROUAN UNK 99 TNC ...^ Pieint iiaiiwiji AND ITS CONNECTIONS. — — "%■ f I S \ W'^^'^jb. \ J?^ i ! \ I «v sr<- 95 »o " CMICAOi RELA MBODII f on many g for inf< ured. T all in oi s present, The full mpetent foi he answer hen did 3 ow much hat do y( hese ques Name. tor, Henry kmr, John i/. ie, Williai leron, G. A »on,J. W. ler, W. , F')< • • • • • Ircer, James, •••••• tie, James . |ld, Edward tch, Angus klkerJ.C. 'ndervoort, ( Jirt, Georg 'fnny, David >rton, Thos. rson, Jame t ^H-r Jb ' jnu K^ 'JL' ^3 RELATING TO THE C AN ADIAN NORTH-WEST. MBODIED in the following pages are plain facts from fanners in the Canadian North-West on many points of interest to intending settlers. It should be stated that circular letters ing for information were sent out to all farmers in the country whose addresses could be cured. The replies received were so numerous as to make it quite impossible to embody [n all in one pamphlet. Those given in the following pages relate chiefly to the main ques- fs present, in the first instance, to the mind of an intending settler. ,^ The full address of each settler is given in the first instance only. It is, of course, mpetent for any reader, by writing to the address given in each case, to verify the accuracy he answers now published. Questions were asked as follows : — hen did you first settle in the North-West ? ow much capital did you commence with ? hat do you consider the present value of your fann ? hese questious elicited the following answers from actual settlers : — Name. tor, Henry. . . ^ng, John M.L. ie, William . . leron, G. A . . . cson,J. W.... igner, W. (M. P.).. Toer, James. Woodlands, Manitoba. Moosomin, P. O. Asa.. Chater, Man Indian Head, N.W.T.. Arnaud, P.O., Man.... le.J tie, James . • • • • • t • • • • Id, Edward . . . . tch, Angus . . . . ilker,J.C ndervoort, G... art, George. . . nny, David W. >rton, Thos, L.. rson, James . . . Postal Address. Ossowa, Man. Black Ox Farm, Gren- frll, N.W.T. Regina, N.W.T. Manitoba • • • • t • Shell River, Man . . . , Griswold, Man.. ... Glendale P.O.,Man. Alexandria When Settled L^\ Holland, P.O Woll (.:i. <.•!<, Sec. 31, T le, R. 10, Asa Gladstone, Mun Mountain CUy, Sec. 16, T a, R. 6, W. Man. 1873 1881 1S80 1882 1882 187 1 187a 1883 1879 1867 1881 1877 1876 "879 1883 »873 1877 Capital at Commencement. Nothing I was in debt $10 Had no money to begin with, but made about $2,000 thp first two years with warehouse on river Carpenter's trade wns all the capital I had None, but what it cost to build, and all of that I made by working out None None ; I had to be an agricultural laborer at first ....< Net any , I had a team of horses, waggon, plough and harrow. None < None None whatever '. . . . . No capital at all. Upon entering on my homestead I had not one dollar left . . Nothing What paid the pasi^age for my family and freight Nil Not any Value of Farm. % $12,000; ' y $1,600 About $10,000 to $12,000. $2,000 to $2,500 $2,500 I was ofTeredfaoper acre and refused . , $900 $2,000 I have 320 acres, which is worth $7,000 : town pro()erty $looo. $2,000 $3-000 $2,000 $3,000 $2,000 $1,000 $3,500 Say about $^,000. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. Name. Chun ben, S. • • • • Agnew, James. . . . Bruce, Geoige. . . . Perley, W.D Postal Address. When Settled McGill, George. . . Harward, Fred. .. Roriton, W. D.... Davis, John B.... Troyer, Christian. Pollock, John.... Uttle.J Wilson, James. . . . McGregor, D.... Riddelf, Robert... Hall, P Bolton, Ferris.... Carter, Thomu. .. Warren, R.J McCorquodale.. .. Taylor, William . McDonald,Duncan Burgess, J. W.. Garratt, R. S.(J.P) LawTie, J. M. . < • • Kiaes, William... Wattsview, P.O., Man. Brandon, Man Gladstone P.O., Man. . Wolseley, N.W.T Carrol ton P.O., Man. . Littleton, Man Oberon P.O., Man .... McLean, Assa, N.W.T. Sec. 22, T. 3, R. 2, W. 2, Alameda, N.W.T. In Southern Man. »879 Wolf Creek, Assa., i N.W.T 1 Neepawa, Man Stodderville, Man Griswold, Man Salisbury, P.O., Man.. South Antics, N.W.T. Calf Mountain, Man... Woodlands, Man Oliver, Man r Morden, Man Manitoba Bate St. Paul, Man. . . . Fleming, N.W.T Kenlis, N.W.T Birtle, Man Big Plains, Osprey,Man 1879 1882 1879 1883 1882 1881 1877 1882 1882 April, 1884 1869 1877 1882 1871 1882 1877 1879 1878 1882 1874 1872 1882 1878 1881 1882 No cash capital. Had one year's provi- sions, one yoke of oxen, cow and some implements I was a poor man, and had but little capital Not 5 cents Capital at Commencement. Not much. Very little after landing in this country. I had $2.50 when I landed at Emerson. is $15 I borrowed $40 to come here with fioo. $100 cash, I yoke of oxen, two cows and a good stock of clothing $150 $240 $300 •300 1380 $400, with $1420 to follow in ii months. The collector absconded, and the 1420 never came to hand. . . . About $400 About $400 About $400. $475i ^ith a wife and three children.. . . •500. Value of Farm. $8,000 $1,000 I cannot say. I have only 80 acres. Situate within two miles of Wolseley it ought to bie worth $3.25 an acre As fiirm property does not change hands, can make no estimate .... $2,500 911,000 I5.000 My wife says $10,000 About $1,500; if I were selling it would be $2,000 $8,000 ^6,000 a.500 5,000 $a,500 $4,000 Have refb8ed$4000 will not take len than $5,000 About $1,000. I have 1,000 in implements, and $2,000 stock. „ $3,500 1,088 acres, valued at 25 per acre At least $5 an acre $2,000 10 i>er acre. Sold my homestead and pre-emption last Spring for $4,150 $2,000 t Reid, E. Drew, W Lambert Heaney, PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. r Farm. coo coo iay.Ihave acres, rithin two •Wolseley lit to be .25 an acre property tot change , can make imate • • . • ,500 [,000 ;,ooo rife says 0,000 11,500} if I selling it I be $2,000 S,ooo S,ooo 2,500 5.000 2,500 4,000 !fli8ed$4000 tot take lest $5,000 $1,000. I 1,000 in cments, and 00 stock. icres, valued 15 per acre it $5 an acre ) 2,000 per acre, ly homestead pre-emption Spring for |2,000 Name. Cowlord, C. Q.P.) Hall,W. B Chester, A • . . • ( Tate, James Connorson, James. McCormack, David Kempt, John Connell, T. K . . . . fieesley, John G.. McKitrick, Wm.. Rogers, Thomas.. Sheppard, Jos.... Farmer, W. A . . . Ogletree, Francis. Bonesteel, C. H . . Postal Address. Ossowa, Man Headingley, Man.... Harringhurst, Man . . , Sec. 30, T. 2, R. 2 W. Alameda P.O., Assa. Minnewashta, Man .... Sec. 22, T. II, R. 30, Fleming P.O., Man. Austin, Man Osprey P.O., Man .... Moose Jaw, Assiniboia. Rose Bank Farm, Crys- tal City P.O., Man.. Anderson, George McCaughey, J. S.. Headlip, J. J Day, Samuel When Settled 1869 1858 1882 1882 1878 1882 1882 1878 1883 1880 Railway View Farm, Moose Jaw, Assa... Indian Head, N.W.T.. Headingley, Man Portage la Prairie, Man. Pheasant Plain, Kenlis P.O., Assa, N.W.T Stevenson, G. B . . Doyle. W. A.(J.P) Wat, James Haney, A. W . . . . Hind, Brothers . . . Reid, Alex Reid, E . J Drew, Wm. D. .. Lambert, W. M . . Heaney, Jonathan. Grenfell, Assa. N.WT. Alameda P.O., N.W.T. Alameda P.O , N.W.T. Sec. 34, T. 13, R. 30, Fleminp, N.W.T... Brandon, Man Beulah, Man.... Brierwood, P.O., Man. Wolseley, N.W.T.... Pense, Assa., N.W.T. Of Messrs. Callender and Reid, farmers and general store- keepers, Millford, Man Plum Creek, Man. . .. Brandon, Man Regina, N.W.T Meadow Lea P.O ,Man. Knight, W.G(J.P)Oak Lake, Man Capital at Commencement. 1883 1883 1869 1869 1883 $500 About $500. $500 $500 $500 $600 $700 $700 $800 I brought $800 in cash with me, but a young man will malo. iild not sell r|i5 per acre 1532,000. 1 10,000. 3 for the one ve on. 00 for the sec. I15.OCO. $12,000 to ;,ooo. o, that is my r section. 150,000. s e V e r al ; rth from $10 $12 per acre, mproved and unimproved - acre. irs through- iress. I, R. la, y P.O , Man. .,T. 13, R.30. Plum Creek. Man. O., Man. .0., Man. Blackwell, James. Blythe, R Boldrick, Robert. Boulding, G Bowers, John.... Brown, W.J CafTeraU and Jefferd. Cameron, Wm. C • . Campion, Brothers . Campbell, Robert. Carroll, A. H Champion, W. M. , Connell, Robert... Coay, Thomas.... Cox, William.... Cox, John T Daniel, Joseph.... t t • • • ElUott, Robert W Elson, John Fannery, W.J. Fargay, John H Finlay, James.. Fisher, Henry . Fraser, John S . . Fraser, John • • •••• •••• • • • t • • • ••••!•••■• * Fraser, D. D Garratt and Fergusbn . . . Gibson, William Oilmour, H. C. Gordon, Leslie.. Graham, Mark.. Grang, J Grimmett, D.W. Haddow, James < Hall, David Hannah, S. (Reeve of Whitehead) Harris, A. B Hartney, James H . . . Hoard, Charles Hope, George Hornor, T. R Howey, Wm. ...... , Address. Virden, Man. Blythewood, Wapella. Balgonie, Assa., N.W.T. Regina, N.W.T. Sec. 25, T. 9, R. 26, Vir- den, P.O., Man. Pomeroy, Man- Sec. 24, T. 18, R. 24, Pense P.O., N.W.T. Edgeley Farm, Qu'Ap- pelle. Manitoba. Bridge Creek P.O., Man. Carrolton P.O., Man. Reabum P.O., Man. Osprey P.O., Man. Manitoba. Millford, Man. Box 44, Rapid City, Man. Postmaster and Farmer, Moosomin, N.W.T. McLean, N.W.T. S.34,T. I, R. ii.W.Man. McLean, N.W.T. Manitou, Man Shoal Lake, Man. Regina, N.W.T. Beulah P.O., Man. Sec. 13, Tp. 12, R. 19, Brandon, Man. Oak River, Man. Kenlis P.O., N.W.T. Longstone Farm, Wol- seley, N.W.T. Moose Jaw, N.W.T. Qu'Appelle. N.W.T. Portage la Prairie, Man. Cart Wright, Man. Sec. 26, Tp. 8, R. 28, W. Elm Valley P.O., Man. Manitoba. .\u8tin P.O., Maa. Griswold, Man. Ueulah P.O., Man. Souris, Man. Lake Francis, Man. Carberry, Man. Pendennia, Man. Warleigh P.O., Man. Hutchinson, A Hume, Alex. Ingram, W. A Jeffrey, William (Junr.) Johnston, James ....... Jones, James Kennedy, Thomas King, M Kinnear, J. H.....> ... Lang, Robert Leepart, R. N Lothian, James McAskie, James McBean, Angus McDiarmid, Colin McDonald, W. W McDougall, Adam G. (Reeve of Wallace)... McGee, Thomas McGhee, James Mcintosh, Archbald. . . . Obee, F Oliver, Thomas Orr, James D Osborne, Daniel Parr, James E Parslow and Healey . . . . Patterson, Abr. Paul, James M . Paynter, W. D. Paynter, J. E.. Phillips, S Pierce, Stephen , . . . . . . • Plunckit, Robert.. Pollard, Alfred.... Pollard, E. Sep... Pollard, H Powers, Charles F. Prat, John Reid, William Rutherford, Johnston (P. M. and J. P.).. Screech, John Shipley, Martin Shirk, J. M Address. Craven P.O., near Regina Chater P.O., Man. Millford, Man. Rapid City, Man. Brandon, Man. Portage la Prairie, Man. Stoddartville, Man. Belle Plain, N.W.T. Plum Creek, Man. Oak Lake, Man. Balgonie, Assa., N.W.T. Pipe Stone P.O., Man. Beaver Creek P.O., Man. Brookdale P.O., Man. Gladstone P.O., Man. Fleming, N.W.T. Virden P.O., Man. Bumside, Man. Blake, Mac. Broadview, Assa., N. W.T. Glenboro' P.O., Man. Bumside, Man. Cartwright P.O., Man. Fleming, Man. Crystal City, Man. Sec. ao, T. 19, R. ao,W., Regina, N.W.T. Alexandria P.O., T. 2, R. 6, W., Man. Sec. IS, T. 15, R. 12, W. Beulah, P.O., Man. Beulah, Man. Rapid City, Man. Sec. 28, Tp. 12, R. 30, Fleming Station, Man. Manitoba. Sidney, Man. Manitoba. Sidney, Man. Brandon, Man. Rounthwaite, Man. Sec. 16, Tp. 13, R. 20, Rapid City, Man. Silver Creek, Man. Rounthwaite, Man. Wavy Bank, Man. Tp. 8, R. 18, \W. of 1st Mer., Rounthwaite P.O. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NOKTH-WEST. Name. Address. Name. Address. McKellar. Duncan ...... Rapid City, Man. Arrow River P.O., Man. Bumside, Man. Chairman Municipal Ccl. S. Qu'Appelle, N.W.T. Gladstone, Man. Asessippi P.O., Man. Sec. 18, T. 3, R. 2, Ala- meda P.O., N.W.T. Minnedosa, Man. Minnedosa, Man. Minnedosa, Man. Balgonie, Assa., N.W.T. Hanlan P.O., Man., Sec. 18, T. 13, R. I, W. Postmaster, Brookdale, Man. Littleton, Man. Sec. 4, T. 17, R. I, 2W. Sec. 20, Tp. 7, R. 16, Milford, P.O., Man. Carberry P.O., Man. Birtle, Man. Ossowa, Man. Lucas, Man. Moosomin, N.W.T. Emerson, Man. * Brandon. Man. McICenzie. Donald. ..... Sirett. Wm. F Glendale P.O.. Man. McKenzie, Kenneth McT Ane. A. M ......... Slater, Charles B Smith, William Smith. W. P E. }i S. 34, T. 14, R. 23, W. i,Wapella,Assa. Beaver Creek, Man. Souris. Manitoba. McLean, John A McLennan, Thomas McMurtry, Thomas McRae, Roderick McTellan, John Malcolm, Andrew Middleton, Alex Miller, Robert S Stevenson, F. W Stirton. Tames • • • Griswold, Man. Calf Mountain. Man. Stewards, R.C Sneers. A. R Maryville, Arrow River P.O., Mar. Griswold. Man. Taylor, John Taylor, Williaia Thompson, Stephen. . . . I odd* MTa XX >«•*•■ • » m » a S. 32, T.7,R.2S,Belleview Beulah P.O., Man. P.M., Beaver Creek, Man Griswold. Man. Mitchell, John Tulloch, Andrew Upjohn, Frank TJrton. W. S Broadview, N.W.T. Mitchell, T Lake Francis, Man. Moosejaw, N.W.I. Neepawa, Man. Sec. 34, T. 17, R. 14, 2 W., Qu'Appelle Station. Balgonie, Assa., N.W.T. Douglas P.O., Man. Birtle, Man. BeaconsBeld, Man. P.O. Oak Point. Man. Moore. Geortre Warnock, Wm Webster, A Whitney, Charles Wilmott, H. E Wood, James H Wright, Charles Yardley, Henry Mooney, John Muirhead, Thomas Nelson. Robert. Newman, Charles Nickell, William Niff.J.R Nugent, Arnold J Information for the Guidance of Intending Settlers. On arriving at Winnipeg or any other of the principal stations along the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the first step should be to visit the Land Offices of the Canadian Pacific Railway, where the field notes and maps descriptive of the lands may be inspected, and the most minute details obtained as to the soil and general character of each locality. This will enable the intending settler to choose a locality in which to seek his farm. The land grant of the Canadian Pacific Railway alon^ the main line has been divided into agencies as far west as the Rocky Mountains, within the limits of which lands belonging to the Company can be purchased from the Agents of the Company at the stations hereinafter indicated. BRANDON. — Lands in main belt, ranges 11 to 23 (inclusive) west of First Meridian. VIRDEN. — Lands in main line belt, ranges 24 to 28 (inclusive), excepting townships 14, 15, i6» WMt of First Meridian. Gove Dom PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. 9 MOOSOMIN. — Lands in main line belt, ranges 28 (part of) to 33 (inclusive) west of First Meridian. BROADVIEW. — I.ands in main line belt, ranges i to 7 (inclusive) west of Second Meridian. WOLSELEY. — Lands in main line belt, ranges 8 to i^ (inclusive) west of Second ^Teridian. REGINA.— Lands in main line belt, ranges 14 to 23 (mclusive) west of Second Meridian. MOOSEJAW. — Lands in main line belt, range 24 west of Second Meridian to range 10 west of Third Meridian. SWIFT CURRENT.— Lands in main line belt, ranges 1 1 to 20 west of Third Meridian to Fourth Meridian. MAPLE CREEK. — Lands in main line belt, range 20 west of Third Meridian to Fourth Meridian. MEDICINE HAT. — Lands in main line belt, from Fourth Meridian to range i > west of Fourth Meridian. CROWFOOT.— Lands in main line belt, ranges ii to 20 west of Fourth Meridian. CALGARY. — Lands in main line belt, range 50 west of Fourth Meridian to summit of Rocky Mountains. The business of the Swift Current and Medicine Hat Agencies is for the present being attended to by the agent at Maple Creek, and thit of Crowfoot Agency by the Agent at Calgary. The Agents at the Land Offices have, for free distribution, maps showing the lands open for sale, and those already disposed of, plans of the town plots, and pamphlets giving descriptive notes of the lands within their agencies. The Government have established Intelligence Offices at various points along the line, in charge of officers, who will give the fullest information regarding home- stead lands. Attached to these offices are Land Guides, whose services are always available gratuitously for locating those in search of homesteads. Settlers arriving in Winnipeg should, before going west, call at the Land Department of ^lie Canadian Pacific Railway, the office of which is located in the station. There th'^y can ascertain what lands are open for homesteads, and the situation of the Government Intelligence Offices. How to Obtain Government Lands. The Dominion Government makes a free grant of 160 acres of agricultural land to every British subject over the age of 18 years, and also aifords settlers the right to pre-empt another 160 acres; that is, the settler may take up the additional 160 acres, making a payroeiit of from 2 to 2j^ dollars (8 to 10 shillings) per acre at the end of three years of settlement. Settlers taking up Government free homesteads are required to reside on their farms for at least six months of the year during the first three years, In the case of taking free homesteads, pre-empting or -purchasing from the Government, the business will have to be transacted at the nearest of the following Dominion Land Offices : — 10 PLAIH FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WSST. Agency. Post Office. Agent. WimuDCfir ••••••• •• •• Winnipeg Nelson A. H. Whitcher. Daffenn ••• .... W. H. HiAM. Little Sfiskatchewm) ...... Minnedosa ••• .... W. M. Milliard. Birtle Birtle W. G. Pentland. Souris • Brandon Deloraine Coteau E. C. Smith. Turtle Mountain .......••••..... J. A. Havs. T. T. McHuGH. Coteau Revina • Regina • W. H. Stevenson. Touchwood Hills. .» Touchwood Hills J. McTaggart. J. McD. Gordon. P. V. Gauvoreau. CaUrarv Cal^arv • ••• vy«i|jiM jr ••• •...•.•... Edmonton .••••. Edmonton Prince Albert Prince Albert Geo. Duck. Lilserality of Canadian Land Kegnlations. The land regulations of the Canadian Government, combined with the advantages offered by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, are the most liberal of any on the North American Continent. The fee for taking up a homestead in the Canadian North- West is only $io, whereas it is $26, and in some cases $34 in the United States; and the taking of a homestead does not in Canada prevent the pre-emption of other government lands, or the purchase of Canadian Pacific Railway or Government lands. The Climate. Following are the opinions of actual residents in regard to the climate. The questions asked were : — About what time does winter regularly set in, and when does it end ? Have you suffered any serious hardship or loss from the climate in winter ? Is the climate healthy ^ For postal address of each settler, see pp^es 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. Naaie. Answer. Dickin, George ist week in November, txA ist week in April. No loss ot hardship. I travelled ao miles with ox train in the worst blizzard last winter. Climate verr healthy. . . . Latter end of November, till middle of March. Climate can't be better. . . . Begins end of November. It is always very pleasant in the daytime. No loss or hardship ; you need endure none if you are careful. It is most certainly the- healthiest climate I have seen. Yardley, Henry About loth November to about aoth April. Climate very healthy indeed. Hind Brothers. Urton, V/.S.. Hutchi! Proctoi Knight Smith, Blythe, Field. ; Lawrei Screecl Camer( Lothiai 'Gibson Bruce, Middle "Warno Reid, i Fraser Perley McGil ■Grimn Purdy, > PLAIN FACTS AS TO^THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. 11 vantages ^ on the Canadian d States ; of other nt lands. ite. The I suffered healthy ^ rd&hip. I limate very r. No loss or rtainly the eed. Hutchison, A. Proctor, Henry Knight, W. G Smith, W. P Blythe, R. Field, Edward Lawrence, Joseph .... Screech, John Cameron, Wm. C Lothian. James 'Gibson, Wm Bruce, George Middleton, Alex 'Warnock, Wm Reid, Alex Fraser, Tohn Perley, W. D McGill, George Grimmett, D. W Purdy, Thos. F Answer. and week in November to last of March or first of April. No hardship whatever. Climate very healthy indeed, probably one of the healthiest m the world. About 15th November to about 1st April. Our fiunily (Father, Mother and 14 children) have been very healthy. 5th November to 5th April. Three years ago I was living in a small tent until the end of November, my house not being built- The thnrmometer registered considerably below zero at times. The climate is undoubtedly healthy, the exceeding dryness of the air in winter being .ery fiivorable to the healthy and vigorous action of the lungs. Begins middle of November. Climate very healthy. About 15th November to beginning of April. Had several slight frost Intes. Climate decidedly healthy. About 15th November ; very often later and sometimes earlier. No hardship or loss. Climate very healthy. About 2oth November to about March 20th. I never lost a dollar from the climate in winter. Climate as healthy as any under the sun. Middle of November to 20th April. No hardships or loss ; with care there is no danger. Climate very healthy 2nd week in November to end of March. No hardship or loss whatever. Climate very healthy. A.bout 2nd week in November to end of March. I have ploughed for three seasons up to the 7th November. No serious hardship or Iosf^^. I believe the climate to be very healthy. Last year I ith November to middle of March. No hardship or loss as yet. I can say the climate is very healthy, as two of my children had had bad health in Scotland, and we have all had the best of health since we came here. The snow generally goes away about the second week of April. I like the winter well, good steady weather, no slush and mud here. Climate healthy. Frost set in 2nd week November, 1883; first heavy snow about middle of December; had fine weather after 22nd February ; ' winter ended first week in April. Climate very healthy. For farming operations from middle of November till last of March. No hard- ship or loss. The climate is cold, but steady and healthy, and stock do well. There is very seldom any really cold weather in Novemtwr. I have always been l)etter here than I was in Scotland in winter. Climate very healthy indeed. About 15th November, ends in March. Have been very comfortable. Climate very healthy ; no better in the world. . Not much dependence on open weather after ist November. Some people sowed in March this past season. I like the climate much ; it is dry and immensely healthy, tst November to middle of April. No hardship or loss ; persons soon learn to avoid them both. Climate undoubtedly healthy ; never hear a person cough in church. 6th November to middle of April. No hardships or loss. Have chopped in woods in January with hat and mittens off. The climate it the best I have seen as yet. Last year frost came on the 7th of November, but no snow till the end. No material loss or hardship, no worse than from Belleville to Montreal and in Western Ontario. Climate very healthy ; those that come here wiil find that out when they come to feed themselves. n PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. Name. Rogers, Thos Downie, John Anderson, George Young, Jno. M. L Doyle, W. A., Oliver, Thomas. . . Sheppard, Joseph. Answer. Stevenson, T. W . ... Blackwell, James. . . . McGregor, D Powers, G. F.. ...... Rutherford, J Carter, Thomas Bobier, Thomas McKitrick, Wm Cameron, G. A Bailey, Z Black, G. R McLennan, Thos Fai«;er, W. A Last year, loth November to 15th March. No loss or hardship whatever. Climate very healthy indeed ; can go three good square meals every time. Ploughing stops 5th to 7th November. Winter doesn't begin till, say, from 1st to loth December. No hardship compared with the settlers of Ontario. Climate perfectly healthy ; clear, dry atmosphere. About 15th November to generally the ist of April. No hardship or loss. My wife and family suffered in Ontario, but not here. Climate healthy. I can hardly say that winter always begins as early as November, but it generally ends between March 15th and April ist. No hardship or loss. I drove a yoke of oxen 140 miles in six successive days, starting February ist, about the coldest time we had, and did not suffer. I consider the climate very healthy, far ahead of Ontario. About 20th to 30th November to about last of March. No hardship or loss whatever, I have frequently in travelling slept in the snow rolled up in a buffalo robe and have never been frost-bitten. The climate is certainly healthy except for consumptives in late stages ; for them the winter is too severe. About the middle of November. I like the winter, as it is always dry and a good deal of fine weather. Climate very healthy. Last year loth November, and opened for seeding on the 25th March if I wa& ready. This is a good climate to live in. It is healthy because the air is pure and the nights cold. Last year 9th November. No serious hardship or loss, but frost-bites now and then. Climate extremely healthy. Latter end of November till generally the end of March. No loss or hardship. Climate very healthy, loth November till April 1st. A little loss both years. Climate healthy. About the middle of November to about 1st of March. No hardship or loss at alU All stock winter well. Climate very healthy. My wife came here weighing 130 lbs and sicklv, now she weighs 184 lbs. and has good health. About 1st November till ist week in April. No hardship or loss. Stock do well if half cared for. Climate the most healthy in the world. About 20th November till about 15th March. No hardship whatever. My fowls also do well in winter. I have a few black Spanish fowls, and my Brahmas also do well. I know the climate to be very healthy. About 1st November to end of March. The snow being dry a person never haS' wet or damp feet during winter. The climate is most decidedly healthy, that *is one of the reasons I am in this country. 15th November to 1st April. I &'\n say from experience this is a healthy climate, loth or 20th November. No hardship or loss. Climate is healthy ; I never heard any one deny it. Middle of November till April. No hardship or loss. We have all been very healthy ; consider climate very healthy. Middle of November and breaks up in the beginning of April. No hardship or loss whatever, and I have roughed is as much as any of the settlers. Climate very healthy. About 15th November to Ist April. A little hardship ; had to sleep out 15 or 16 nights, but no loss whatever. Climate healthy, could not be more so. 5th Nov. to i5th[^March. No hardship or loss. Climate very 1>^-Uhy. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. 13 Name. Drew, D. W. Ogletree, F. Thompson, S. Bonesteel, C. H. Anderson, Geo. McDougall, A. G. Hume, Alex Stevenson, G. B , Wagner, Wm... Nelson, Bobert. Mcintosh, Bolton, F . Morton, Thos. L- Wilson, James.. Slater, Chas. B. Connerson, James . McKenzie, K . . Kennedy, Thos. Harris, A. B . . Burtley, Noah. Chambers, W . Carroll, A. H , Answer. About the middle of November ; we are apt to have some good weather after that- Winter ends about end of March, but some grain was sown in March this year. No hardship or loss. Climate healthy, myself and family all having good health here. Three years since I came, we ploughed until the middle of November, but oftener the ground is closed the latter part of October. Never suffered any hardship ; am well pleased with the winter. I consider the climate very healthy. 1st week In November till about April. No hardship or loss. I have^been out a good deal with team in winter ; never been frozen yet. About the last of November, and ends in April sure. I suffered no loss from the climate last winter. I consider it a very fine winter, much more so than I ever expected to see here. Climate very healthy. loth to 15th November and ends in March. No hardship or loss, and don't know of any one in this section having suffered anything serious. About 15th to 2oth November, ends about 1st April. No hardship or loss. Climate the healthiest in the world. It freezes up about the ist Nov, No hardship or loss. Climate healthy. Have ploughed three years till 5th November. No hardship or losa. Climate healthy. 1st to 15th November till 1st April. No hardship, but by the neglect of my stableman I have lost two calves through being frozen ; cow calved during night. Very healthy climate. I left Toronto with a fever, ague and rheumatism, and to-day, 65 years old, I am strong and healthy. About the Sth November ttU ist April. Can't say I have suflered any hard- ship or loss, but have found it cold, and I lost some poultry. Llimate healthy upon the whole. Climate, as far as I can judge, is favorable to suc- cessful settlement. Have not suffered any serious losses. Climate extremely healthy. About 20th November till 20th March. No hardship or loss. Winters are cold but dry, and therefore I prefer it to softer climate. Climate particularly healthy. Averages from 1 5th November to isth April. No hardship or loss whatever. Climate very healthy. Ploughing stopped about loth Nov No hardship or loss. Climate healthy. In 1883, November 15th, ended 25th March, 1884. No hardship or loss in the slightest. Extremely healthy. About 15th November to 17th March. No hardship or loss. Climate by all means healthy. All the family in perfect health ; was twenty-eight years in HoUatid, but never so well and happy as here. Ploughing stops about 7th November, but generally fine weather after. Ends about latter end of March. No hardship or loss. Climate healthy. About 5th November till the icth to 20th April. No hardship or loss. Neither myself nor family have had any sickness since coming here. 1st November to 1st April. No hardship or loss. Climate very healthy. 1st November to loth April. No hardship or loss in any respect. Climate considered very healthy by almost everybody. ■*' About 1st November to middle of April. I have found the winters most enjoy- able. I have been in various countries, and can say that this is the most healthy of any I have ever lived in. About the last of November till the latter end of March. No hardship or]^loss'; enjoyed the winters exceedingly. Climate very healthy. u PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. Name. Garratt 6f* Fei^uson. Bole,J Garratt, R. S McLean, J. A Bedford, J ........ . Elliott, Joshua Todd, P. R (Dickson, Phillip .... Hoard, Chi ' >es Connell, Robert.... Cox, William Answer. About last week in November. We have only lost one ox, and that was through neglect in the first winter :n the country. Climate very healthy. Between the 15th and last of November, ends about the 20th April. A man can do more work and with greater comfort than he can do in Ontario. Climate healthy. From 1st to 15th November, ends firom March 15th to April 1st. I say emphatically I have suffered no hardship or loss. Climate healthy, very much so. About 15th November, sometimes later. No hardship or loss whatever. Climate certainly healthy ; I find it so, and so do a good many more. Commences at different times in November, breaks up in April. No hard- ship or loss. Climate healthy for young and healthy people ; too severe for aged and infirm. The plough is generally stopped by frost 1st to 15th November. We have suffered considerably from cold, but do not know that we have lost much, Climate very healthy. Ground frozen November 7th, not much snow in November. Cattle began to graze about April 1st ; some snow till 1 8th April. No htudship or loss. Climate healthy. About last of the month to 1st of April. No hardship or loss. Climate healthy, more so than any country I have been in. About 1st to loth November till about end of March. No loss or hardship. Climate wonderfully healthy. Beginning of November, sometimes in October. Not very many hardships or losses. Climate healthy, but wants plenty of clothes in winter. November 15th to April 15th. No hardship or losses. No healthier climate could be desired. foUov weatl tranq fall < invig of 1^ occas theb it sh( Sept< ofBi prov( cont after testii that early The Farming Seasons. The following are the seasons :— Spring. — April and May. Snow disappears rapidly, and the ground dries up quickly. Sowing commences from the middle to the end of April, and finishes in the beginning of May. Summer. — June, July, August, and part of September. Weather bright and clear, with frequent showers — very warm at times during the day ; night cool and refreshing, Harvesting commences in August and ends in September. Autumn. — Part of September and October and part of November, perhaps the most enjoyable season of the year, the air being balmy and exceedingly pleasant. At this period of the year the prairie fires take place, and the atmosphere has rather a smoky appearance, but it is not disagreeable. Winter. — Part of November, December, January, February and March. Dick( Urto Hutc Smit Blytl Field Lawi Sere Loth McG Bruc Wari SBS PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. 15 In the early part of November the Indian summer generally commences, and then follows the loveliest portion of the season, which usually lasts about a fortnight. The weather is warm, the atmosphere hazy and calm, and every object appears to wear a tranquil and drowsy aspect. Then comes winter, generally ushered in by a soft, fleecy fall of snow, succeeded by days of extreme clearness, with a clear blue sky and invigorating atmosphere. In December the winter regularly sets in, anc*, antil the end of March, the weather continues steady, with perhaps one thaw in January, and occasional snow-storms. The days are clear and bright, and the cold much softened by the brilliancy of the sun. Summer Frosts. In considering answers to the question " Are summer frosts prevalent or exceptional ?* it should be remembered that last year a most exceptional frost appeared on one night in September throughout the whole northern part of the United States, and in some parts of British North America. The damage done to crops in the Canadian North-West was proved by Government statistics to be much less than that generally experienced on the continent of North America ; and the facts that the following replies were given immediately after a frost, even though it was most exceptional, adds largely to the value of the testimony. It should further be remembered, as will be seen from the testimony of many settlers, that ill-effects from summer frosts may be, in almost every case, avoided by a system of early ploughing ; so that each settler has his remedy in his own hands. 104 farmers answer ed^ ^'' Exceptional^ Following are replies of others, whose •g JO \L '9 'S 'i' 'C sa3ed uo punoj aq Xbui sdsssjppB [B^sod -^ Name. Dicken, G. .. Urton.W. S. Hutchison, A Smith, W. P. Blythe, R... Field, E Lawrence, J. . Screech, John Lothian, J . . . McGhee, J. . . Bruce, G....< Wamock, W., Answer. Exceptional, doing little or no damage if wheat land is autumn ploughed. Have seen frost by chance in July, in England. Exceptional ; most certainly not the rule. Have never experienced any. I believe exceptional. This year up to date (September 13th) no frost to nurt the greenest grain. We have had two slight frosts, but not to do much harm. ' should say exceptional ; but after Brst week in September we generally get frost. I never lost a dollar by summer frost. There has been none here to do any harm. Very rare. I have only seen it once, and that nothing to speak of. No summer frosts here. We have never suffered from frost during summer. A:-e the exception, the frost of 1883 being the only one I have seen in six yean to do any harm. 16 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. Name. Rtid, Alex Grang, J....« Perley, W. D Grimmett, D. W Punly.T. F Leepart, R. N Ingram, W. A Anderson, G Young, J. M. L Doyle, W.A Newman, C. F Lang,R Sheppard. J Stevenson, F. W Fifllay, J Walker, J. C Honor, ^,R><««t ••. Wat,T Malcolm, A Pollock, Jno Reid, E.J Rutherford, J Robier, T Little, James McKitrick, W McFellan,J Troyer, C Vandervoort, G Wood, J . H Brown, W.J Chambers, S. W PatterHon, A little, J Black, G. R Wright ^Sons Whitney, C Answer. The exception from all I can learn from men who have been ten years in the country. Very seldom coming before the 25th September. Once in four or five years, there is frost about 7th September. Wa do have slij^ht frost, but not to do any general or serious damage. As th« country becomes cultivated I feel sure they will disappear, as all new countries in British America have had that experience. Very rare in growing season. I think they are exceptional. Cultivation will improve that as the turf gets worked off the land. No frost this summer. Exceptional in our locality— Souris district. Last year was the first that I have seen to injure. 1 Summer frosts that are injurious are very exceptional. I have not lost $10 (2/.) per year by fiosts. Late^own grain is never safe from September frosts. Not hurt anything, except last year. I can answer for Oak Lake only by experience. None whatever. They are exceptional ; this is my second year, and they have done no harm. I have peas, the second crop in blossom to-day (September 12th). Prevalent, but seldom do harm. Vegetables not injured this year till 7th September. Summer frosts do no harm here. Last year was the. only frost that did any damage since I came here in 1877. I have grown four crops, and had one damaged by frost. Cannot tell yet, but I hear they are exceptional. We have occasional summer frosts, but not often to do much damage. Grain that was a little late has been damaged twice during my seven years residence here- They are prevalent here to a certain extent. They are no worse than in Ontario. We have, but seldom to do much harm. Last year was considered the worst in ten years, and I raised 1,400 bushels of grain and did not have 30 injured by frost as it all was sold for seed. There was frost on 1st July, 1883, but did not do much damage. Light frosts are prevalent in my district, but heavy frosts are exceptional. Never suffered but once in nine years. I have never had anything frozen. They are the exception, late sowing the cause. We generally have a light one in this part about the dm of June. I have not suffered from summer frosts. They are never looketl for. No, not to any sirious extent ; still they are not exceptional in this part, rhey are more exceptional than where 1 came from (Ontario). I have farmed for 15 years and have never had frozen grain with the exception of jnce. Exceptional. Have seen no serious summer firosts. There was not the slightest frost this season from the first week in May until the seventh September. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. IT Name. McLennan, T Gilbert, J Grigg, S Fraser, D. D ...•.*.. . Gilmour, H. C Drew, W. D Answer. Ogletree, F, Harris, Jas Smart, G £I)ton, John Elliott, T.D McArkie,!. Osborne, D Harrison, D. H Thompson, S Chester, A Bonesteel, C. H . Nugent, A. J.... McCormack, D. . , Lambert, W. M. . Bowes, J Champion, W. M. Mclntyre, J Tate, James McMurtry, T.... McCaughey, J. S . Stevenson, G. B.. Shipley, M Wagner, "W. (M.P.P.). Heaslip, T. J Nelson, K Stirton,J Bolton, F Morton, T. L Campbell, R. . . . Sifton, A. L,... McDonell, D. . . . Hall,P McGee, T McEwen, D Day, Jno. F. Exceptional, I think. Never did me any harm, and I have had three crops. We have had no frosts this summer. Hoar frosts are exceptional. Not common. Cut my first frozen wheat last season. Here we have had none. Summer frosts have done no harm here since I came, excepting September, 1883. They are not prevalent in this part of the country. In my experience of sixteen years the frost last year was the first that ever injured wheat, except patches sown late. None to huit this year, nor last either. Exceptional, such as last year, but often have slight frosts, not iujurioui. Not prevalent in Southern Manitoba. We were hurt with the frost last year i none any other year. Never saw any before the 7th of September, and that last year only. None this year to hurt. Exceptional ; not more frequent than in Ontario. Last year we had early frost. The cucumbers are not hurt yet (September 19th). They are the exception, not the rule. I have not been here long enough to be certain, but I think they are exceptional. Last summer we had frost, this summer none. The exception till this season. None. We have had no frost to do any damage. None in June, July and August this year. The exception since I have been here, as the frost of September 7th, 1883, is the only one I have seen. No summer frost this year. Summer frosts have done no damage in this part. We are not troubled with summer frost. In some localities prevalent, in others exceptional. Have not seen any. Had an early frost last fall. I lost nothing by it, and only late grain was hurt. I have only seen one in eleven years do any harm worth mentioning. Not prevalent ; Inst year was the first one which did damage to my knowledge. Exceptional ; none »ince 1 came here. My experience is that there is some danger from it. Have nad no summer frosts to hurt even the tenderest vegetables. Exceptional. 1883 is the only year frost did any harm since I came here. Exceptional ; only one year since 1873, ^ think 1875. Barley and oats were cut on loth June, but no damage. Summer frosts are not prevalent m this part. -^ None in this part. Very exceptional in this part ; one this summer in the latter end of August. None where I am. Exceptional. More seasons without than with frost. We nave had slight frosts this season from the 5th September, but so far no damage to growing crop^ Never seen any. 18 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. Name. Fwgey.J. H Connerson, J Rorison, W. D McKenzie, Kenneth. .. Daniel, J Nickell,Win Harris, A.B Bartley, N Chambers, W Faynter, W. D Hayter,W. H Wilmott, H. E "Wright, C Johnston J Garratt, R. S.G'P-)'- Day, S. and A McDonald, W. W.... McLean,!. A Beaford, J Elliott, J To*« Bolton. F..... >• Not in the least. l^nr^An T L. >«•« .«•« None in winter. In 1876 hail destroyed half crop. • The storms never injured the stock or house and stables, &*c. There was a little hail this summer which did a little damage. Yes ; lost all crop by hail in 1883, and badly damaged by rain 1884. No ; had no damage whatever in six years. Only from hail. Yes, twice in summer from local hail storms and frost on 7th September, 1883, though quite exceptional. Not any, except by thunder and lightning, which destroyed outbuildings, stock and implements. Never have seen a storm other than thunder since I came. McDonnell, D Heanev. T ••• •••• McHAan. A....«> .... donnerson. T......... McUiarmid, C RawBon. T...... Bartlev. N Chambers W Bole. T This part is not subject to storms in summer. A hail storm destroyed my crop in 1883. I have never suffered or seen any bad storms Last year I lost all the grain I had, about the middle of August. Not so far, Garratt. R. S McDonald, W. W . . . . Mitchell, John Tones. Tames. ....•••• Mcl«an, J. A I suffered some one year by hail storm during growing season. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. 21 The Soil. The high average yield of crops in Manitoba and the Canadian North- West — more than double that of the United States — is in itself a practical proof of the rich quality of the land, and of its adaptability to agricultural purposes. Still, it is interesting to study the chemic ' properties of this extraordinary agricultural tract excelled by none and equalled only by the alluvial delta of the Nile. Dr. Stevenson Macadam, of Edinburgh University, an undoubted authority, says the soil is " very rich in organic matter, and contains the full amount of the saline fertilizing matters found in all soils of a good bearing quality." The soil is in general a deep black argillaceous nr ild c " loam resting on a deep tenaceous clay subsoil, and 's so rich that it does not i , ire the addition of manure for years after the first breaking of the prairie, and in particular places where the 1' im is very deep it is practically inexhaustible. The question asked on this point was : " PI ...ise state the nature of soil on your farm, and depth of black loam ?" The description of one farm in each district only h given to economise space. Where, however, the description of lands in the same district differ, the answer of each settler is given. (For postal address of each settler, see pages 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. Name. Hind Brothers... . Cafferata and JefTerd Urton Rogers Beesle " Phillips Hutchinson ...., Proctor Mercer < Pollard , Lawrence Orr Screech Hoard • Upjohn i Harward < Cameron Lothian McGhee Gibson Bruce Pense . Pense. Moose Jaw..,, Moose Jaw . . . . Moose Jaw..., Rapid City . . . Craven , Woodlands. . . . . Grenfell Sidney Clearwater . . , Cartwright. ... Rounthwaite... Lake Francis. . Lake Francis. Littleton Qu'Appellc... Pipestone .... Blake Wolseley. . . . Gladstone.. .. Answer. Rich black loam, average depth 18 in. Sandy loam : about 9 in. of black loam. Soil various, all good ; loam 6 to 12 in. deep where tested. Deep rich clay on clay subsoil. Alluvial soil, 4 ft. of loam. 2 ft. black loam on clay subsoil. Sandy loam on gravelly clay subsoil, loam from 9 in. to 2 ft. (Hack loam, with clay under, 2 ft. deep, Depth of black loam 18 in. Under black loam is gravel and sand. Sandy loam, with clay subsoil. Black loam, 18 in. to 2 ft., with clay subsoil. Soil is good, with foot of black loam and clay subsoil. Soil heavy, black loam 1 5 in. Soil is good but somewhat stony and bushy ; black loam 6 in. to I ft., with cloy subsoil. Depth of black loam 8 in. to a font. % vSoil is varied, clay, sand, gravel and shnlo from 6 to 34 in. Black loam, clay suliscil ; loam 8 to 13 in. deep. ' Clay loam, from 16 in. to 2^ ft. black soil. Sandy soil, from 18 in. to 3 ft. deep Black loam 2 ft. deep, on a clay Hubsoil. There is a small creek through my place, which also divides the soil, the one half is sandy loam and the other black loam. 22 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. Name. McDiarmiu McLean . . . Bell Mitchell. Warnock. Reid Fraser . . . . Stevenson Carroll... Agnew > . . Stowards. Kinnear . Hayter... McGill... Purdy Lambert Kines . . . Young . . . McGee. McKenzie.. Sheppard.. Armstrong. Findlay.... Walker.... Blackwell. Hall Homor.... Graham .... Hope Malcolm . . Davis Rutherford. Little Fraser McKitrick . Warren McKnight Brown Bailey Black McCorquodale. District. Gladstone. Gladstone. Belleview. Brookdale. Neepawa Millford.. Brandon. Brandon. Brandon .... Brandon . . . . , Arrow River. Plum Creek.. Alameda Souris Regina. Regina . . . , Osprey . . . . Moosomin. Burnsiue. Bumside Indian Head Dalton Shoal Lake Glendale Virden Headingley Pendennia. Portage la Prairie. Carberry . . . Minnedosa. . McLean. . .. Silver Creek . Oak River.. • Oak River... Crystal City . Olive Carman Pomeroy . . . • Lothair ...... Wellwood.. .. Minnewashta. Answer. i6o acres of sandy clay bottom. On level prairie 2 103 ft., Sandy loam, with 2 ft. of black loam. Black sandy loam, 4 ft. 320 acres of clay loam, with black loam 30 in. loam 24 in. deep. From 12 to 18 in. of black loam, then yellow clay mixed lightly with sand. Black loam, i S^ to 2X ft. in depth ; clay subsoil. Sandy loam of 4j^ ft., with clay sul^il. Black loam, top depth 2 ft. ; clay bottom. Some of it clear prairie ; depth of soil 15 to 20 li. ; some scrub, with 3 ft. loam. Considerable alkali, 2 ft. loam. Loam 3 ft. in depth. Black loam, 20 m. Good rich soil ; 2 to 3 ft. black loam Rich loam, depth i ft. ; clay bottom. Rich black loam, average 15 in. deep. rich alluvial soil on river slope. Black clay loam, all alike as far as you may go down ; now and then you strike gravel 25 or 30 ft. down. Heavy clay, loam depth, 20 to 30 in. Black loam, depth from I to 2 ft. Black loam ranges from 8 in to 22 in. deep, with sand on clay subsoil. Clay soil ; black loam 6 in. There is also a gravel ridge running througn the farm. Black loam about 2 ft. , and generally clay subsoil. Clay, about 3 ft. of black loam. 1 black loam, or vegetable soil Black loam from 18 to 36 in. 8 in. black loam, then clay below. 2 ft. of loam ; clay subsoil. Top soil black loam, about 20 in. subsoil clay. Clay loam, about 12 in. 8 to 12 in. of black loam, with clay subsoil. Heavy black loam, varying from I ^ ft. to 2}i ft., with clay sub- soil 6 ft. Black loam and clay, 15 in. black loam, clay subsoil. Black sandy loam, from about i to 2 ft. deep. Clay and part sandy loam, black loam lo in. Black loam, slightly mixed with sand, depth of soil l}i to 3 ft. 2}i ft. very black rich loam, very heavy clay under. Black loam and clay subsoil, I to 3 ft. The black loam is about 18 in. in depth, and 2 ft. of white marly clay ; below that, clay and gravel. Sandy loam black, depth about 2 ft. Clay loam, fVom I to 3 feet. Sandy loam, from 2 to 3 ft. deep. Sandy loam, varying from 6 in, to 2 ft. on black loam. Clay subsoil, with 12 to 18 in. of black loam. Sandy loam, with clay subsoil, black loam about 18 in. 1 1 1 I I I MM I PLATN FACTS AS TO THB CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. as Name. of sandy lightly i scrub, t03ft., >w and an clay unning 5 in. ly sub- 3ft. marly Connerson Whitney Boldrick Mcl.ennan Smart King Elliott Harrison, Thompson Chester Nugent Kenny McCormack .... McDonald Dickson Barnes Speers Champion Hume Shiplev Wagner Mcintosh Stirton Coay Campbell Hall Wilson Kemp Heaney Slater Rorison Nickell Harris Paynter Hartley Chambers Lawrie • • • . Wilmott Wright Garratt Elliott Batherland Hanna.... i.... Speers.... Minnewashta Balgonie.... Balgonie.... Asessippi.... Holland Belle Plain.. Alexandria. . . Newdale Beaver Creek.... Marringhurst Kmerson • . Wolf Creek Fleming Fleming Amaud.... Morris Griswold Reabum Chater Wavy Bank Ossowo District. Broadview Calf Mountain.... Westboume Bridge Creek.... South Antles.... Stoddartville Austin Meadow Lea Wapella Oberon Lucas Beulah Beulah Birtle Birtle Birtle . . , Douglas Beaconsfield . Moline Kenlis Sourisbourg . St. Andrews. Griswold ... Griswold.... Answer. I ft, then a rich brown clay First-class, can't be beat ; loam 4 ft. Subsoil of grey clay, with about 3 in. of black loam. Clay loam ; 6 in. black loam. Black loam from 18 to 24 in. Sandy loatn, 4 ft. Heavy clay loam, 3 ft. deep. The soil is Brst-class, black rich soil for 6 ft. 18 in. black loam on a clay subsoil. Sandy loam, black loam from 12 to 18 in. Clay subsoil, with from 11 wo 12 ft. black loam. Black rich loam, depth 4 to | feet. Black loam, ftom 6 in. to 2 ft. Black loam, 12 to 15 in., with clay subsoil. Clay loam, 18 in. All clay, and about I ft. of black. Black loam and heavy clay. Dark clay loam, depth about 4 ft. Heavy black loam 14 in. Clay subsoil, morefor less limestone Heavy clay, loam about 12 in. Part sand loam, and part clay about I ft. Black loam from 5 to 12 in., with limestone,rgravel or scrub, under which is heavy clay. Black loam on top from 10 to 16 in., with clay and loam subsoil Black sandy loam ; clay subsoil from 16 in. to 2 ft. About 3 ^'^ on clay subsoil. Blav k Ic 1, on clay subsoil, 12 to 15 in. deep. 1 Clay ottom, 10 in. black loam. White clay subsoil, black loam from 2 to 6 ft. Black sandy loam from 2 to 3 feet deep. Clay loam, about a foot on average. I ft- to 2>^ ft. of black loam. Black loam, 2 ft. deep. Black loam, clay sulwoil, 10 to 12 in. of loam. Black loam, 12 to 36 in. clay and travel subsoil, Sandy loam, with gravel ridees. 18 in. A rich sandy loam, 12 to iBv. . The part of my farmer under cultivation is grand gravelly' loam warm early soil ; the black soil is from I ft. to 18 in. * Black loam from 8 to 24 in. deep, clay subsoil. A black clay loam with cluy subsoil the black loam from 8 to IC in. deep. * Sandy clay loam, I to 2 ft. Clay loam, 2 ft. Clay loam, from I to 3 ft. of black loam. Black loam from I to 2 ft., with clay subsoil. Black loam from 6 to ic inches. Black loam 2 ft., yellow clay subsoil. Dark clay loam, depth about 4 ft. (^3 .,hl 24 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. im Fuel and Water. Recent investigations show that in addition to the clumps of wood to be found dotted here and there on the prairie, and the timber with which the rivers and creeks are lined, there is in these new regions an ample supply of coal. The coal-beds in the Bow and Belly river districts, tributary to Medicine Hat on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, are the first to be worked, and settlers now obtain this coal at moderate prices. Other mines have been discovered immediately on the line of the railway, between Medicine Hat and the summit of the Rocky Mountains, and some of these will be in operation during the present season. Valuable and extensive coal-beds also exist in the Souris district in Southern Manitoba and the south-eastern and western part of the North-West, and these wU shortly be opened up by the projected Manitoba South- Western and other railways. As regards the water supply, the North- West has not only numerous rivers and creeks, but also a very large number of lakes and lakelets in almost every part of the country, and ii has been ascertained definitely that good water can be obtained almost anywhere throughout the territory by means of wells ; in addition to which there are numerous •clear, running, never-faihng springs to be found throughout the land. An ample supply of water of different qualities may always be found on the prairie by sinking wells which generally range in depth from eight to twenty feet. Rain generally falls freely during the spring while the summer and autumn are generally dry, On these two points the farmers were asked : '• What sort of fuel do you use, and is it difficult to obtain ? " " Have you plenty of water on your farm, and how obtained ? If from a well, please state depth of same." The full name and postal address of each settler may be found on pages 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. Name. Dickin, George Hind Brothers Urton, W. S Yardley, Henry...... Hutchison, A Proctor, Henry Mercer, James Knight, W. G Jeffrey, Wm ........* Fisher, Henry Answer. Wood getting scarce ; will be able to get coal. Plenty of water, springs rising to surface, usual depth 7 ft. to 20 ft. Wood within four miles. Plenty of water from wells 15 to 20 (t. deep. Wood, close at hand, is rather scarce, but there is plenty within 15 miles. Coal is cheap here. Plenty of water from two wells 22 ft. each ; one in house, one in stable wUh pumps. Poplar, about three miles distant Plenty of water for general use in summer ; well, 4 ft. 6 in. I get water for cattle in winter at a swamp up to the middle of February. Wood is easily obtainable at present. I have Long Lake on one side of fiirm ; also a spring of good water, and a well 30 (t. deep. Plenty of poplar wood in this settlement. Five wells of the best water, depths 20, 25, 26. ^o and 36 ft. Poplar ; no difficulty, lots of it here. Plenty of water, the Qu'Appelle River runs through m^ farm. Wood, and there is plenty in this district. Plenty of water from small lake for cattle, and a well for house 7 ft. Wood. I have never been short of fuel. Plenty of water from a spring, the water rising to the surface. Wood, chiefly, but it is costly. Water from Wascuia Creek. m^. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. 36. Name. l^ Smith, W.P Blythe, R Field, Edward Pollard, Alfred Orr, James D Screech, Johni • . . . . . Robertson, P.... Harward, F Hall, D Lothian, James Bruce, Geo Bell, C. J Wamock, Wm Haddow, Jas Reid, Alex Perley, W. D Prat, Jno Miller, Solomon Grimmett, D. W ..... . Leepart, R.N McBean, Angus Young, Jno. M. L Doyle, W. A Newman, C. F Sheppard, Jos Arnjstrong, George. . . Pierce, S Graham, Mark Malcolm, A McGregor, D Answer. Wood, hard to get. Plenty of water, not very good. All neighbours have good wate at 15ft. Poplar ; easily obtainable from the blufls. Plenty of water from wells and sloughs ; deepest well at present 16 ft. Poplar ; no difficulty. Plenty of excellent water from well 22 ft. deep. Dry wood (poplar) in abundance. Splendid water by digging 12ft. Dry poplar and oak, which are not difficult to procure. Not too much water ;. two wells, one 23 ft. and the other 10 ft. Poplar poles, but rather scarce. Surface water for the cattle ; well for house 6 ft. Wood, getting difficult to obtain. Plenty of water ; wells 10 to 20 ft. Poplar wood. I have plenty on my own place. Plenty of water, a lake 6 ft. deep and a stream running in summer. Poplar wood ; no difficulty to obtain. Water from running creek. Wood, poplar; about nine miles to haul. Good water for home use in well l6- ft. deep. Poplar and hardwood ; I have a good deal on my place. I use river water in winter and well water in summer. 3 ft. deep. The finest water in the province. Coal and wood ; both are now difficult to get here. Wood, poplar and white birch, easily got. Plenty of water j spring creek and well 20 ft. deep. Wood ; it is difficult to obtain, and so is water, on my farm. Wood, no difficulty in getting it. Plenty of water. Oa i cveek runs through it. Wood, and plenty in this district, at $3.00 per cord at your house. A good lake, and could get water by digging a short distanc.-. Wood, Quite close to the house. Plenty of water from a well about 4 ft. deep. Coal and wood ; wood three miles to draw, coal about 25. Plenty of water ;. water from well 25 ft. deep Elm and maple ; enough on my farm to last twenty years. One elm measured II ft. 5 in. in circumference. Pipestone Creek runs through comer of my farm ; depth of well 3 feet. Poplar ; ten miles to get it. Water from well 16 ft. deep. Wood very difficult to obtain. Plenty of water, boggy creek ; wells 12 to 14 ft. deep. Poplar, very handy. I have always had plenty of water from a well 6 ft. deep. Wood, dry poplar ; an ample supply here. Water from two spring creeks and several good springs. Poplar or ash, plenty of it. Plenty of water from a well 15 ft. deep and out of my little lake. Poplar wood, costs, six miles from my house, $1.50 per cord. Water is rather hard to get in some places, but easy in others. Wood, to be had for the drawing and a fee of 50 cents for enough for a year's use, for house, stable and some fencing. Water for cattle from a deep pond and for domestic use from wells. Have one well at 17 ft. never failing, and another at 28 feet. Wood in blufTs on homestead. Plenty of water. Wood, poplar and oak. Not very difficult to obtain. Plenty of water by digging about 12 ft. Wood ; is plentiful here. Plenty of water from a living spring. Elm. Plenty of water from Assiniboine River. 26 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN MORTH-VflCST. Name. Bobier, Thos. Warren, R.J Niff;j.R <:hambers, S. W Bailey, Z Black, G.R 'Champion Bros McKenzie, D Fraser, D Farmer, "Vf. A.., King.M '^ompson, S Anderson, George McDougall, A. G Tate, James McMuitry, Thos McCaugl.ej, J. S Heaslip,J.J Bolton, F •.... Campbell, Robert Paynter, J. E 1M[cEwen,D -Connerson, J Kennedy, Thos Johnston, Jas McLean, J. A Answer. Wood ; have to draw it six miles, but intend using coal, as I hear we are going to have it at $6 50 per ton. Good water from wells 8 ft. deep ; all of my neighbours get plenty of good water by digging from 8 to ao ft. Wood ; have got plenty on my farm. Plenty of water from wells and springs ; depth of well 14 ft. Poplar ; difficult to obtain, but will use coal. Plenty of water from well 18 ft. deep. Wood, any amount of it in this district. Plenty of water ; a spring for home use, and a spring creek for cattle. Wood, rather scarce, but coal, which is superior, is easily got at Railroad Station. Plenty of spring and river water, wells 10 ft. Poplar ; any quantity three miles off. Plenty of water and good well 38 ft. deep. Dry oak and poplar ; not difficult to obtain. Generally plenty of water, one well 5 ft. and another 16 ft. Poplar fuel. We have plenty yet, handy by. The Arrow River runs through my farm. I have a spring at my house. Wood getting scarce ; expect to use coal soon. Plenty of wator. Ponds and wells 14 ft. and 30 it. Any amount in latter, could not be bailed dry. Wood and coal. River water. Wood from Qu' Appelle, and coal at $9.00 per ton on Canadian Pacific Railway. Water is very scarce, and draw it five miles. Have no well yet. Wood ; from three to five miles off. Plenty of water. Beaver Creek runs through the farm. Wells are from 8 to 12 ft. round here. Wood, abundance in this district ; the Weed Hills, Woolf Hills and Qu' Appelle being very adjacent and well timbered. Price to townspeople I2s. per cord. We depend on slough water in summer for stock. Wells range from 6 to 35 ft. in depth. Wood. Coal this year $6.50 per ton. Plenty of water from well 14 ft. deep. Coal in winter, wood in summer, both of which are easily obtainable. Get water from a never-foiling spring. We use coal, it is quite handy. We get water from a well about I a ft, deep. Coal and wood easy to obtain. Water from well 25 to 40 ft. deep. Cdal from Souris, 18 miles from here; not difficult to obtain. Plenty of water from a well 15 ft. deep. Poplar and oak wood in abundance ; haul three miles. Wells 28 ft. deep. Ponds for cattle in summer. We get our fire wood, fencing and building timber from the Riding Mountain, four miles to draw. We get our water from Stoney Creek, a spring creek rising in the mountain and running all the year round. Wood. difBcult to obtain. Plenty of water from a well 7 ft. Wood at present, but intend using coal for winter. Expect to get it at Brandon, about $7 (28s.) per ton. Plenty of water, well and sloughs. Wells, one ao ft. another 35 ft. All oak wood ; in abundance. Water in abundance all the year round ftom " Dead Horse Creek." Wood, not difficult to obtain in my case, but some have to buy. It costs about 92.50 per cord. Plenty of water. Have a good spring creek. Wood and coal. Have had no difficulty so far to obtain supply. I have a nice creek crossing farm, but supply buildings by wells from io to 15 ft. First- class water. Poplar, oak nnd ash ; very easy to obtain. I have to dig for water, the depth is from 8 to la ft. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-MTEST. vt Grain- Crops. The following tables, taken from official sources, will show at a glance the average yield in bushels per acre of the crops of Manitoba during tht last six years : — Wheat. Oats . . . Barley. Peas ... Rye ..., Potatoes Turnips Carrots Flax... 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 3a ^6% 26K 26K 29K 30 32 27 s» S9U S9H 5^, SiK 59 5» 56 41 4o3< 63 37^ 41 40 37 35 3a 32 34 32X Z^}i 38 30 30 30 40 40 35 229 304 308 302 3»8 320 278 2§9 583 400 28 General Avenge. ^9 42 34 35 287 683 400 28 The following are the chief averages of the chief wheat-growing countries of the World, as officially given for a series of years : — Manitoba, average yield per acre in bushels . . . Great Britain and Ireland Minnesota (the Empire Wheat State of the Union) United States Ontario South Australia Wisconsin .' ... Iowa Ohio Indiana Illinois Wheat. 20 28-8 II-4 I3'6 "^8 11*3 6-6 13-3 10-8 8-2 Barley. 42 342 3*2 2467 24-c 208 i6'4 26 »5S Oats. 66 43a 356 39 286 262 277 23 33'4 Asked as to the probable yield per acre of their wheat, barley, and oat crops Fanners replied as follows : — M 28 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. Name. Sheppard, Joseph ..... Stevenson, T. W Little, James Morton, Thomas L. . . . McLean, John A Paul, James M Rutherford, Jonathan. . Wat, James Boulding, G. T Stowards, R. C Day, John F . Leitch, Angus Daniels, Jbseph Reid, E. J Robier, Tlios McKenzie, Kenneth... Todd, P. R McBean, Angus Harris, James Osborne, Daniel Slater, Charles B Wright, Charles Proctor, Henry Smith, W. P (Robertson, P Lothian, James Bruce, George Webster, A Lownie, John Sii»tt, W. F Young, John McRae, Roderick Armstrong, George. . . Finlay, James Deyell, John Bailey, Zachary Patterson, Abr Howey, Wm •Grigg, S Elliott, T.D.... About 40. . 40 Average 40 40 at least, I had 45 last year 40. Yield of Wheat per acre in bushels. About 35 . 35 35 Expect 35, 35 35 35 About 35 . 32- 32, very good . 32 32- About 30 or 40 From 30 to 35 ■ Between 35 and 40.... 30*035 Between 30 and 35 . . • Average about 30 , A certain 30 ■ 30 30 ••■ 30 30 '. 30 ••• 30 Barley. 40. 40 About 30. 25 50 50- 40. 40, 30 About 40 or 50 40 to 50 35 Black barley average 25 40 last year 35 30. 30 30 last year, and my crop is better this year .... 30 30 30 30 30 30 On account of a dry spring it will not go over 30 ' Over 40, 1 should think, not thrashed yet ... . 30 on this season's breaking 50, the best I ever saw 40 I have none ; but my neighbors' will yield about 45 Oats. 30 50 40 35 40 50 About 40 . About 50. Partly 70 and partly 40. Average 70. so- Some 60 and some 80. About 50. 46. Expect 70. 60. 60. 50. 50 to 60. About 45. '50. About 80. 50 to 80. About 60. 40 to 50. 60. Average ^o, good crop. 70 at least. 35- 60. Badly wasted by hail storm. 40 on this season's breaking. 60 to 70. 40. They did not do well this year; too dry in the spring. 50 to 60. 60. 70. 40. About 60. 60. 50. 60. spring makes yield, say 35. ALdry small PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. 29 Name. Chester, A Obee, F Muirhead, Thos Mcintosh, Archd .... Hall, P .• Speers, A. R Mitchell, Jno Teller, Solomon. Hope, Geo. . . McLane, A. M. . 'Gibson, John. Thompson, S. Hancy, A. W. Hall, W. B McKellar Harrison, D. H. . Taylor, Wm.... Stevenson, G. B , Heaslip, J. J.... Coay, Thomas.. . Pollard, Alfd.... ItfcGhee, James. . Austin, A., senr. Purdy, Thos .... Smith, Wm . Lang, Robt . Yield of wheat per acre in bushels. Certainly expect 30. . . . 30 Average will be 30.. . . 30 40 35 Average 30... Good maturity. 30 30 Expect average probably 28 or 30 . About 28 28 About 28 I expect it will yield 26 as it is a good crop . zo ••.«.. .... .... .... 26 on land broken last year, not backset . , 251030 25 to 30 25 to 30. 25, and likely 30 . 25 to 30. to 30. Averaging 25 . . . 25 About 25 Estimated at 25. About 25, 25 Barley. 40 50 or 55. 40 30 35 on Spring backsett- ing 40. About 30. 40 About 30. Fully 50. About 25 , Averaging 60. 35 25 ; land not well tilled 40. 35- Oats. 50 to 60 50 Average 50 •70 Probably 40 Between 50 and 60 SO 25, on Spring backset*'*"* 50 About 45 75, on land broken last year, and not backset. About 40 40 50 to 60 About 40 Only about 40 ; last year I had 65 From 50 to 70 About 50 or 60 on average Averaging 50 40 About 40 40, badly tilled; on ac< count of dry weather, last year did not rot. 40 45 . Koots and VegetaUes. All root crops yield well, turnips standing next to potatoes in area of cultivation. They aie in no reported instance infested by flies or other insects. Mangold-wurzels and carrots are not cultivated as field crops to any great extent. All garden vegetables produce prolific crops, and the Province sustains an extraor- 'dinary reputation for their production. During recent years a very large and general increase has taken place in the acreage devoted to the cultivation of garden products. In the earlier years of the Province's history new settlers had but liitle time to devote to gardening, but once having got their farms into good working order, they are •devoting more attention to it, with most satisfactory results. \ lii ill 80 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. The following are instances taken from fanners' reports of success in the growth of vegetables, and in conjunction with these reports it must be remembered that very few, if any, of these farmers used special means to produce these results. The question asked was : " What yield of vegetables have you had, and what is your experince m raising them ?" For postal address of each settler, see pages 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. Name. Dicken, George. Yardley, Henry. Proctor, Ifenry. . Knight, W. G. Teffrey, Blythe, William, R , Field, Edward. Pollard, Alfred. Orr, James D... Lothian, James. McGhee, Jas. Gibson, Wm. Bruce, George. Mitchell, John.. Middleton, Alex. Answer, in bushels per acre. Have had carrots 12 inches round, and grown cucumbers successfully in the open. Beans and potatoes very good, better than I ever raised in England with 2a years' experience; Turnips very good, and mangolds good. Potatoes, 300. I have grown in the garden beans, peas, carrots, parsnips, beets, cabbage, (several kinds), onions. With attention all do well. Potatoes, 300, well manured ; turnips, 600, well manured; Carrots and peas, beans and flax, have also done well in small lots. I have grown almost all kinds of vegetable^ with the best results. Potatoes, about 160. All kinds of garden produce grow luxuriously ; that is, all and every kind that can be grown in England, and do not require manure for some years. I have grown almost all kinds, and the quality is splendid. Potatoes, 150, on the breaking; my beans were frozen. The first year it is not well to sow vegetables on the breaking, except for home use, other- wise, after the ground has been properly worked, nearly all vegetables thriv ; well. Potatoes, 300 ; turnips, from 500 to 700. Carrots, peas and beans, I have only grown on a small scale ; the yield is good. Vegetables are a great success in this country, and come on very rapidly. I have grown potatoes, onions, carrots, beets, corn, cucumbers, parsnips, radishes, letf uce, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, melon ; in fact same as we grow in England. Potatoes, ^oo- An abundant crop of turnips, carrotB, peas and beans. My vegetables have this year generally been a failure. I have grown almoBt every description of vegetables with great success. Potatoes, 300 ; ' turnips, 400. I have only grown vegetables in the garden, bu» they all do extremely well. Potatoes, ^00. Have raised cabbages, carrots, onions and beet, all of which did well. With a little experience of the climate, I believe gardening can be made a success in all sorts of vegetables. Potatoes, 100. This country is second to none for vegetables. Potatoes, 200. Cabbage, Scotch kail, rhubarb, onions, carrots, tur.iips, parsley, peas, pumpkins and sage, all do well with climate and soil. We have used potatoes two months after planting them. Potatoes, 400. I have grown almost every kind of cabbage and garden stuff you can mention. I have lifted cabbage this fall ao lbs. in weight. Potatoes, i8o. Turnips, carrots, onions, beets, parsnips, parsley, lettuce, and radishes all grow well. I have not made such headway with cabbage. Rhubarb grows splendidly. I find no difficulty in growing any of the vegetables I was acquainted with in Scotland. They all require to be sown early in the season. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. 81 growth It very uestion ince iiv the open, with 20 ps, beets, nd peas, Imost all ; that is, 'e manure year it i» le, other* ties thriv; have only success in s, onions, broccoli, ans. My noBt every irden, bu^ which did n be made s, parsley, have used ;n stuff you !ttuce, and cabbage. kI with in< Perley, W. D Prat, Jno Miller, Solomdn McGill, George Smith, WUUam Ingram, W. A # Lawrie, J. M Doyle, W. A Sheppard, Jos Stevenson, T. W Depell, John ...*..... Walker, J. C Mooney,Jno Homer, T. K***- ..•• Davis, Jno« B Powers, C. F. NT" Rutherford, J . Answer, in bushels per acre. Potatoes grow splendidly, and of fine quality, without manure. Carrots will f;row fine, but have not had much experience. Peas grow splendidly. I be- leve manure would help and produce a large crop, but for quality, the present can't be excelled. Have some parsnips grown on land which had a crop of peas and potatoes on it last, and no manure put on it, and took one or two potatoes, a week ago, which were 2|i inches in diameter, and long in proportion. Potatoes, 400 ; turnips, 750. Potatoes average 250 bushels (of 60 lbs.) per acre. Never saw a better crop of potatoes, in any country, than I have this year. Turnips, carrots, peas, beans, and flax, are good. Potatoes, 300; turnips, 800. Have also grown carrots, parsnips, onions, cabbage, cauliflowers, pumpkins, melons, citrons, cucumbers, lettuce, squash, tomatoes and raddish. Potatoes, ^OG to 500 ; turnips, carrots and beans do well ; peas 30, and flax 20. Everything in the way of vegetables does immensely, except Indian com and tomatoes, which I do not find as yet a success. Potatoes, 250. Only raised turnips and carrots in garden, but they would do well here. My experience is that vegetables cannot be raised more successfully in any other country. Potatoes, about 250; peas, about 25. Have never seen vegetables equal to those of Manitoba,. We cannot raise squash, melons or pumpkins to maturity, however. Carrotb, bsets, maize, onions, salsify, celery, chicory, radishes and cucumbers all do unusualy well with us. Potatoes, 200; peas, 60 lbs. per acre. Vegetables very good; you can raise every , kind to perfection. Potatoes, 300. Turnips not attended to would have produced 400 or 500 bushels per acre. I never saw as fine vegetables anywhere else, except turnips. Potatoes, 359; turnips, 800. Peas do well. Vegetables do very well. Potatoes, 300; turnips, 600; carrots, 300; peas, 30 and beans, 40. Have grown with good results; potatoes, turnips, mangold-wurtzels, beets, carrots, parsnips, onions, radishes, cabbages, cauliflowers and many others. Potatoes, from 300 to 400. Turnips 600, and peas 30. All vegetables do well. Have also grown carrots, beets, cabbage, tomatoes, squash, citron, onions, rhubarb and pumpkins. I never saw vegrtables grown to better success than here ; in fact, they are the surest crops we can grow. I have grown potatoes, turnips, carrots and beets with perfect satisfaction. Potatoes 300, turnips 600, carrots 600, peas 30, beans 25, and flax 30. Have also grown cabbage, beets, tomatoes, radishes, onions, salsify, pie plant, lettuce, pumpkins, grapes, artichokes, pepper and parsnips. Potatoes 200, turnips 500, carrots 400, peas 30. Beans do well. All vegetables can be grown with great success. Potatoes 350, turnips 600 to 800, carrots 400 to 500, and peas 40 to 50. I have grown successfully : — Cabbage, carrots, parsnips, beets, onions, lettuce, radishes, beans, dr%. 32 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. Name. Bobier, Thos. Patterson, Abr. Fraser, D. D Osborne, Daniel. Harrison, D. H. . Thompson, S.... Answer, in bushels per acre. ^Stevenson , G. B Stirton, James Slater, C.B Burgess, j. W Connerson, James Rawson, James. Potatoes, about 300. Turnips generally have not done well this year, the weather being very dry when they were sown in the spring. I never grew any except in the garden ; these are excellent. Have grown peas two years ; they do first-class here. Beans can be grown here in abundance. I have grown the finest potatoes that I ever grew in my life, both in quantity and quality. Carrots, cabbage, cauliflowers and other garden stuff grown in this country, are of the very best quality. Potatoes, from 250 to 300, and turnips, 500. Carrots average 450. All kinds of vegetables grow well. I have also grown beet, onions, radishes, cabbage, cauliflower, melon, citron and cucumbers. Potatoes, turnips, carrots, peas, beans and flax do very well, without any care and trouble. If the seed is only sown early, v/ith care and cultivation, the yield is enormous. Potatoes, 200 bushels from half acre. The yield of turnips and carrots was poor, owing to the drought in the spring. Flax was good. Vegetables did fairly. All cullender vegetables do well here. Potatoes, 300 ; really magnificent. Also turnips, carrots and mangolds ; the latter yield well. Cabbages and cauliflowers do well. Potatoes, about 350. I had nine waggon loads (about 30 bushels each) of turnips off half an acre last year. Carrots, 500 ; peas, 50 bushels off two acres one year ; beans, 40 to 60 ; flax 15. All kinds do well here ; cabbages, cauliflowers, beets, melons, cucumbers, ^c. Onions do splendidly. Tomatoes are not a success ; we have lots of tht r», but they are green yet (Sep- tember. ) My potatoes are the best I ever saw in this country. Turnip, very heavy yield, also carrots ; peas, 30. This equals any country for the growth of vegetation. Have grown beets, onions, melons, citrons, cucumbers, pumpkins, tomatoes, radishes, celery and lettuces. Potatoes, 400, and peas 40. All garden vegetables usually grown on a fiirm, grow first class. Onions and cabbages grow extra lai^e and are of fine quality. I had a fair crop of potatoes thi . year. My turnips were poor on breaking. Tm yield ( f carrots was good, but (ton'., killed my beans. Carrots, cabbages, onions, parsnips, potatoes and beets are all doing well. Potatoes 500, turnips 1,000. Have also grown beets. Potatoes 300, turnips about 350, and peas and beans from 14 to 15. I think I could raise about 300 bushels of carrots per acre. Vegetables grow first-class. Sweet corn, cabbages, carrots and long and turnip beets grow to Derfection; tomatoes splendidly; onions in abundance. Have also grown celery, musk and water melons, 6^. Took $15 prize money two years ago. Yield of potatoes and turnips heavy ; carrots are simply immense ; peas are not good here, the land is too heavy ; beans do well, and flax yields from 20 to 30. This is a splendid country for vegetables. I have also grown mangold-wurtzels, onionn, beets, parsnips, tomatoes, cucumbers, melons, citrons, sauash, celery, cabbage, cauliflower, radishes, kail, brusscls sprouts, letiucc, salsify and mushrooms. 1 have the Provincial Diploma for the best collection of garden vegetables. 41k. PLAIN FAOra AS TO THS CANADIAN NORTH-WKST, ss Name. Chambers, W. Bole, J Day, S. D. A. McDonald, W. M.... McLean, J. A Speers, A. R. Answer, in bushels ^tt acre. Potatoes 300, turnips 1,000, and white Belgian carrots 500. Drought aflfected my peas this year, but they will yield 25 ; beans do well here. A little capital invested in flax seed culture and the manufacture of twine or cord for our self-binding machines, would result in great wealth. Onions, table carrots, parsnips, beets, turnips, radishes, lettuces, melons, tomatoes, peas, parsley, and all sorts of garden and Held vegetables can be grown here to perfection ; at least, that is my usual experience. Potatoes xoo. All kinds of vegetables do well in the North -West when the ground is properly prepared. Potatoes about 400 ; turnips 600, and peas 2o. Have very fine cabbage, carrots, turnips, beans, parsnips, beets, onions, lettuce, spinach, rhubarb, radishes and cucumbers. Have raised tomatoes and Indian corn, but not with success. Potatoes 500 ; turnips 1,000, and peas 30. Potatoes 409, sometimes more ; turnips from 400 to 600. Peas and beans do well. Any and every kind of vegetable does wonderfully well in this couniry. I believe there is no better country in the known world that can come up to the country for vegetables. Potatoes 400, tumipr^ 1,000, peas 30, flax 40. Carrots remarkably good crop ; beans yield splendid. The Use of Uanure. Fertilizers are not used in the North-West, for they are not needed, and common manure is used but spailiigly. The land is, indeed, in most cases, so rich that the using of it during the fiist years of cultivation would be apt to encourage the growth of straw, and make the crops too rank. After the second year manure in limited quantities may be used with advantage to prevent any exhaustion of the land. This \i the general experience of settlers to be found related with their opinions on many other useful subjects in an additional pamphlet, to be had free on application to Mr. Begg, Canadian Parific Offices, 88 Cannon Street, London : — " When you have it, put it on your light land, don't waste it ; but it is not necessary for years." One settler, Mr. William Gibson, of Loganstone Farm, Wolseley, says : " I have used manure to a few potatoes to try the effect it had along with others planted without manure, and they did no better with it." Stock Raising and the Hay Supply. The general healthiness of the climate and the favorable conditions for feeding horses, cattle, and sheep, make stock-raising a most profitable industry. The boundless prairies, covered with luxuriant grasses, giving an unusually large yield, and the cool nights for which Manitoba is famous, are most beneficial features in regard to stock ; and the remarkable dryness and healthiness of the winter tend to make cattle fat and well- conditioned. The easy access to good water is another advantage in stock-raising. The i i;!; W'^ H PLAIN FACTS AS TO THB CANADIAN NO&TR*WMT. abundance of hay almost everywhere makes it an easy matter for farmers to winter their stock ; and in addition to this there is, and always will be, a ready home market for beef. Owing to the abundance and excellence of prairie hay, little has hitherto been done in the cultivation of grasses, though what small quantity is cultivated is largely of the Timothy and Hungarian classes. The average yield of hay per acre is 2j4 to 3 tons ; sometimes 4 tons are gathered, and in wet seasons as many as five tons. The crop of 1883 was an abundant one, and was generally saved in good condition, while, in 18S3 almost a double yield was gathered. On thes*^ points the experience of settlers is especially valuable. Their statements ar *'"e questions : " How many horses and cattle have you ? Have you plenty ly, and do cattle thrive on the wild prairie grasses ? How do your animals e in winter, and where do you stock them ?" For postal address of each settler. an of thr see pages 3, 4» 5. 6, 7 or 8. Name. 11 Dickin, George Hind, Brothers. Urton, W. S.. Yardly, Hein-y. Philips, S.... Hutchison, A. Mercer, Jas . . Knight, W. G Field, Edward. Answer. 17 cattle. Can cut 20 tons, nd can get other on government land. Cattle do equally as well as they did in pastures in England ; they thrive well in wintef with the same shelter they get there, pole and hay stable. I horne and ten head of cattle. Yes. Cattle do well ; wintered first-class. 5 horses and i cow. Yes. Cattle do splendidly, better than on English hay. They are stabled in winter during very bad days, but are umed out inost days. [ have 3 oxen and two yearling steers. I have sufficient hay for ao head of cattle; they thrive first-class. Last winter I took la head of cattle from a neighbour. They came out in the spring equal to when I was in England. I kept them in open sheds with vards last winter. My neighbour has his in stables, and they do not do as well as mine. 3c horses and 20 head of cattle. Plenty of hay ; cattle get fat in summer on the prairie grasses. I house them in a log stable during winter. ao head of cattle, 3 horses, 19 sheep and a pigs. Yes ; cattle get very fat on the piairie grass in summer ; they do well in the stable in winter. 1 fed them on hay alone last winter ; this winter I intend using grain and roots in ' small quantitieb. 9 head of cattle at the present time. Plenty of hay. Cattle thrive well on wild grasses. I have wintered over twice the above number of cattle. I stable yuung cattle, large cattle run loose in open sheds. No horses, 45 head of cattle Plenty of hay. My thoroughbred short-horns hnve nothing but the wild grasses of the country, and tliey are in splendid conditon, in fact quite fat. I should take a urize for Christmas lieef in Eng- land ; the beef cannot be beaten. Cattle thrive well in winter, on hay only. Some are in stables and some out. Plenty of hay. Cattle undoubtedly thrive well in winter, and get very fnl in summer. Both horses and cattle do well in the winter in the stable at night. Heifers, steers, (Sr>c., in open sheds. Native horses and half-bred horses thrive well out on the prairie all winter, if you have no work for them. PLAIN FACTS At TO THS CANADIAN NOKTH-WBST. u Name. imer on the PoUwd, Alfred Robertson, P Cowlord, C Gibson, Wm Bruce, George Middleton, Alex Waraock, Wm Reid, Alex Eraser, John Perley, W. D Mftlhoit,Z McGill,Geo Grimmett, D.W Purdy, Thos. F Downie, Jno McBean, A Answer. A scarcity of hay in this part. Cattle thrive wonderfiilly. I house them in winter, and feed them on straw, hay, and roots. 3 horses and la cattle. Plenty of prairie hay, and cattle do well on it. They get on well in stable in winter. I let them out every day, if possible. 67 cattle and 3 horses. Cattle do all that I can wish. I winter them in log stables. 3 horses, 2 colts, i pair of oxen, 2 cows, i bull and 2 sheep. I have hay in abundance ; cut it this summer 66 inches long ; and cattle get fat on it without any other seed in winter. I winter cattle in log stables, and they get nothing but hay. Horses have hay, with a little oats. 18 head of cattle. They do well on prairie hay, and do well all winter, a work oxen and cow and 2 calves. Hay has been difficult to put up owing to light crop. Cattle thrive on wild grass. When well housed ; they thrive well in winter on hay and water, with a little salt. 3 horses and i e cattle. I have enough hay for present stock ; they do better on wild hay. I winter my horses and milk cows in stable ; steers and young stock in shed open to the south, and they thrive well. Plenty of hay. Cattle do splendidly on the wild grasses, better than on some hay. They thrive well in winter ; I stable them at night and let them out during the day. 7 head of cattle and team of horses. fat on with nothing but prairie hay winter. I have only a small stock, but they do b'jt the prairie grass all over the N. W Plenty of in spring; hay, they and cattle do well come out in stable in fine in winter. I have not much hay, . far exceeds the best quality of cultivated hay in the East. I never saw so fine and fet animals as this prairie grass will make. 18 horses. Plenty of hay ; and cattle are doing very well. I winter them in a frame stable, and they do first-class, a horses, 3 cows, and some young stock. Cattle winter better on prairie hay in this climate than they do in Ontario. A better name for it would be " lawn hay," a quality well understood in Europe. I keep the cattie in rough weather in winter, and they winter easily. yoke oxen and a ponies. Plenty of very nutritious hay. Cattle fatten on it in winter. I can put it up at 200 dols. per ton, and make money. I winter my stock in sod and strew stable, and they thrive well, that is, when I fittten them. 6 horses, 4 oxen, a cows, and 2 yearlings. Hay plenty in certain localities. Cattle do splendidly ; never saw them get so fat on grass. I have a barn 16 by 4; dug in bank ; it will house 16 head, horses and cattle. Loft on top ; will hold 10 tons of hay. The cattle do well in winter. horses and la cattle. Tlentv of hay ; cattle fed on the hay here are fit for the butcher in spring. I keep them in winter most generally in stabler ; they are rolling fat in the spring on hay and water. 15 horses and 50 cattle. Cattle thrive well on wild grasses ; I winter them all inside and they thrive very well, where teed can be obtained. " M VLAXM f ACTi Af tO TSOt CAHAOIAM KOftTH.IVStT. Name. Sirrett, Wm. F. Doyle, W. A. Lang, Robt ... Riddle, Robt.. Pollock, John . . Powers, C. F... Rutherford, J.. Bobier, Thomas, Black, G.R Howey, Wm ... Gllmour, H. C . . Answer. Little, James .... McKnight, R ... Vandervoort, Geo 4 horses and seven head of cattle. Plenty of hay ; cattle do better here than on the cultivated grasses or in the woods of Ontario. I stable them at night in the winter and keep them in a yard in the daytime ; they thrive well. I milked my cows nearly all winter, bull and young stock lived at the straw stack all winter. 2 horses and 47 head of cattle and hogs. Plenty of hay ; my cattle do not not seem to want anything but the wild hay if well cured, and they winter well without buildings if in tinchel out of wind. The working bullocks, milk cows and calves are stabled in winter, the balance have sheds as windbrakes severely, and a belt of tinchel to shelter from winds also. 10 horses and 35 homed grades which do well. Plenty of hay. Never saw cattle do better ; my stock does well in log stables during winter. 2 horses and head of cattle. I have an abundance of hay. Cattle do well. I winter my stock in the open-air sheds, and they thrive well. I have I yoke of cattle. Plenty of hay, and cattle do very well on it without grain. They do splendidly in winter in a stable of sods or Ic^s. ID horses, 10 cattle and 20 sheep. I have ao acres of Timothy, plenty of wild hay. Cattle all do well. I winter my stock in stables made from logs, and covered with straw. Cattle and sheep do belter than in Ontario. 3 horses, i yoke of oxen, 3 cows, 2 two year olds, i one year old, and 5 calves. I winter my stock in the house when very cold, otherwise let them have their liberty, as stock thrive best to get their liberty to move about. I cut 100 tons of hay (handless). Thousands of cattle in Ontario, and had 600 acres under pasture there, but never had cattle do so well in Ontario. Cattle and horses do very well in winter, and the grt-at reason is that tiiere are no rain or sleet storms here during winter. I winter my stock in a stable built of poplar posts sunk in ground, sided with lumber and sodded, covered with poles and straw. A.11 kinds of stock do well here. There is all the hay that I require. I winter my btock in stables, and some out of doors where there is shelter. 4 horses and 29 cattle. Any amount of hay. Cattle do well on prairie grass. In winter I stable my stock at nights, and run out during days ; they ure no trouble to keep fat. horses and 2 cows. There is a goodly supply of hay, and cattln thrive better on wild hay than they do on cultivated. In winter I stable horses and milch cows, but let the young run in an open shed around the straw stack. They thrive splendidly, only I think horses require a little more grain than they do in Ontario. horses and cattle. No hay, but cattle do exceedingly well on the wild grasses. I stable my stock in winter with straw and a little grain. I have no trouble. 4 horses, and 8 head of cattle ; lots of hay ; cattle keep fnt on it all the winter. I winter my cows in stables, young stock outside, and they do well. We have a team of horses, and 28 head of cattle. We have plenty of hay, and cattle do exceedingly well on it. They winter well in 1^ log stable on the opei> pjairie. Name. rLAIN''FACTS~AS TO THl CANADIAN NORTR-WBST. Hartney, J. H. Smart, George ElUott, T.D.. Answer. II horses, 2 mules and 4 head cattle. Plenty of hay, and homed cattle thrive exceedingly well on prairie hay. Up to this time I have wintered my stock in log stable, covered with poles and straw, and they thrive well. a horses and 5 cattle. Plenty of hay, and cattle thrive well on wild grass. In winter I feed my stock on prairie hay, and let them run at straw stack. They are as fut in the spring as in Ontario in the fall. 13 hor (ind and 10 of cattle. Plenty of hay, and cattle do well. They all do well in winter in sheds made of straw. Sheep Eusing. Sheep-growing is now becoming an important industry in the Canadian North- West, and the climatic conditions are such as to render the yield of wool much finer and the fibre considerably shorter than that from the same class or breed of sheep elsewhere. Sheep have been entirely free from disease in the. North- West, and foot-rot has never occurred so far as can be ascertained. " Do sheep thrive in the Canadian North-West, and is sheep-raising profitable?" In answering this question 57 settlers replied " Yes,^* The replies of the others are giveiTbelownne full name {mT^ostal address of each settler are given on pages 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. Name. Dickens, G Urton, W« S ••• Yardley, H Hutchinson, A Proctor, H Mercer, J ., Lawrence, J Pollard, A Robertson, P Answer. Yes, only cannot get them here to suit the settlers in small lots. They thrive well and are very profitable. In my opinion sheep will do well ; very profitable. Am testing the above now, and believe they will both thrive and be profit* able. Very profitable and do well. Yes, sheep thrive well and are profitable. Yes. I don't think the* e is anything that will pay better. They do much better thkn in England or Ontario. Should like to go in for this branch largely, if means were forthcoming. Sheep require a great deal oi attention m this country. No doubt they could be ndsra to pay well here. 38 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NO&TH-WBST. Name. Upjohn, F Harward, F. McGhee,J Bruce, G Warnock, Wm Fraser, John Grang.J Purdy, T. F Davis, W.H Rogers, T Downie, J Anderson, George Young, J. M. L Doyle, W. A Armstrong, Geo Walker,]. C Riddle, R Wat, J Powers, C. F Rutherford, J Carter, T Robier, T Wanen, R. T Mcknight, R Chambers, S.W Patterson, A Little, J McLennan, T McKenzie, D Gilmour, H. C Ogletree, F Harris, J Smart, G Elliott, T. D Shirk, J. M Chester, A Lambert, W. M Boulding, G. W Mcintyre, J Wagner, W Answer. In this location they do well. No stock pays so well, and they are neither trouble or cost. Sheep are scarce, but do well. I find them unprofitable for want of mills in my neighborhood. They do very well. Sheep raising is very profitable. Sheep thrive well here and are very profitable. Yes ; have found them do splendidly, with £ur profit. Yes, sheep do well ; very profitable. Yes, for those who have capital to put into it. Sheep do well ; very profitable at present. Sheep thrive well, but would not pay in this part yet, as there are no woollen manufactories in this part- Sheep, I feel sure, will do well, and be profitable. The best sheep I ever saw were raised in Manitoba. I saw mutton with three inches of fat on the rib. Sheep raising is profitable. I have some sheep ; they thrive well, and would be profitable. Sheep do well in some parts, but the spear grass in some places gets into their wool, and is severe on them. Yes ; will be profitable when market for wool is obtained. Yes, particularly well, beine profitable for mutton. Sheep do well and-pay well. They thrive well and are profitable. Yes, if we had a market for wool. I think the most profitable of any stock. Thrive well and are profitable to those who have them. Where there is no spear grass they do well and pay well. They do well, and will pay the man that raises them, as the wool and meat aiw needed in the country. Thrive well. Sheep do well, they are a paying stock. Sheep thrive well. Nothing I know of would be more profitable. Sheep thrive well, and 1 think would be profitable if there were more. Sheep thrive well and are very profitable. Yes, sheep thrive, and sheep .aising is profitable. It would be more so if there were wool factories in this neighborhood. Good inducements for some enterprising man. Sheep do well ; they are profitable. have a small flock of sheep, and they do exceedingly well. I tUnk it very profitable. They thrive well, but I do not consider them very profitable at present. Sheep have beer tried in this country and do very well, and are profitable. Yes ; no demar a for wool, as yet, in this p9rt, else it would pay better. This is a first lass sheep country. Yes, it is considered profitable. There are not many sheep here. What there are do well. Sheep do well and are profitable. Do well, with profit. Sheep thrive well and are profitable. Yes, and pay well. Farmers get from i a to 14 cents p«r pound in carcase* (LAIN VACT8 AS TO THK CANADIAN NOKTH-WBST. 81 Name. Answer. Nelson. R Yes, they do well and will pay. Sheep do splendidly, and pay better to raise than any other stock. Sheep thrive well in different parts of the country. Sheep raising is very profitable, if on' a high scale. They thrive well. Do veay well and pay well. It is a first-class country for sheep raising. Yes, very well and profitable by keeping them dry in winter. No, unless on cultivated land. They thrive well and will be profitable. Yes, I believe it would be profiuble if properly attended to. They thrive well, but get too fat to breed to advantage. No fair trial has'yet been made in this vicinity. Sheep are considered very profitable and thrive well. All the sheep 1 have seen are doing well and will be profitable. Yes, they thrive well &nd it will be profitable to keep them. Our sheep do exceedingly well ; they run the prairie in summer, and are undei: shed in winter. Sheep thrive well and are profitable. They do splendidly. Yes, very profitable. Sheep thrive very well and are found to be very profitable. Stirton. T...*»ft McDonell, D Wilson. T Heanev. T. ..•••• .... Farffev. T H *• wr^cjr »j. *» rionnerson. T.... ..... Rorison, W. D McKenzie, K Kennedy. T Harris. A. B " irtlev. N Chambers, W Garrattand Ferguson. Sutherland, W. R Hoard. C Sneers. A. R • Cox. W Horses, Figs and Poultry. The raising of horses has not as yet assumed any considerable proportions, though what has been done in this direction has met with success. There are few countries where the horses have such immunity from the diseases of stock as they have in the North-West. As to pigs, the Berkshire breed seems best suited to the country, as the pigs of this class mature rapidly and fatten easily, living on the grass and making good pork in six or seven months with proper feeding. The breeding and fattening of pigs increased considerably in 1882 and subsequent years, and no disease was reported among them. Poultry do exceedingly well in the North-West, especially turkeys, owing to the dry- ness of the climate. Manitoba is itself the home of the wild duck, gorse and chicken, and those who devote care and attention to the raising of poultry are sure of a good return. It is important to add that no disease of a contagious or infectious character exists among the cattle and sheep of the North-West, and that every care is taken by the Provincial Government to promote the interest of breeders. Among the more recent measures adopted is the appointment of veterinary surgeons in each county, to look after the interests of stock raisers, and to carry out the stringent regulations now in force to prevent the introduction of disease among cattle and horses. m ''I ; 40 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN N0RTH-WE8T. Raising of Bees. Apiculture is successfully carried on in the North-West, as bees require a clear, dry atmosphere and a rich harvest of flowers ; if the air is damp, or the weather cloudy, they will not work so well. Another reason why they work less in a warm climate is that the honey gatheied remains fluid for sealing a longer time, and if gathered faster than it thi kens, it sours and spoils. The clear bright skies, dry air and rich flora are therefore well adapted to bee culture. Fruits. Wild fruits, attaining to great perfection, abound in Manitoba and the North-West. Wild plums, grapes, raspberries, gooseberries, strawberries, cherries, cranberries, and other berries of various kinds abound and are of luscious quality. Little attention has hitherto been paid to fruit growing, owing to the time of settlers being too much occu- pied with the important work ot erecting buildings, and getting their lands fairly under cultivation, but as the general improvement of the farms progresses, fruit culture will doubtless receive its due share of attention. Following are but a few representative statements from farmers on the subject ; a remarkable array of testimony on the subject may be found in the pamphlet to be had free on application to Mr. Begg, Canadian Pacific Railway Offices, 88 Cannon Street, London, E.C. " Strawberries, c; rants, gooseberries, raspberries, and in fact all small fruits, bear in the greatest abundance and give every promise of being very profitable. " W. A. Farmer, Headingly." " Planted twenty apple trees two years ago, which are growing very well. " Arthur J. Moore, Nelsonville." ** I have over i,ooo apple trees doing very well, and also excellent bleck currants. ** James Armson, High Bluff" ** Strawberry 1, raspberry, brambleberry, gooseberry, black currant, cherry, cranberry, saskatoonberry, and others. Mrs. Gibson has made over loo lbs of jelly this summer from wild fruit. ** William Gibson, L(^anstone Farm, Wolseley." " I planted this spring currants, gooseberries, and mull berries, and so for they are doing well. **JoHN Prat, Rounthwaite." "Currants, gooseberries, strawberries, pluips, cherries, raspberries, huckleberries, in proiWon. Only commencing with apple trees and cultivated fruits ; going in for a nursery. *• Thomas Rogers, Railway View Farm, Moose Jaw.'* <* Plums, black, white, and red currants, strawberries, raspberries, and saskatoons. Rhubarb does remarkably well. »• W. F. SiRETT, Glendftle P. O," Hops. Wild hops, pronounced by brewers to be of excellent quality for brewing purposes, attain to a luxuriant growth in nearly every portion of Manitoba, the soil and climate being apparently thoroughly suited to them. Hops from these parts have for some time past commanded good prices, and the cultivation 6( the hop plant is believed to be most profitable to the grower. A resident settler, writing on this subject, says : — PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NO&TH-WEST. 41 O." '* Hops will do well cultivated. I have planted wild hops out of the bush into my garden along the fence and trained on poles, bearing as full and fine and as ' ^rge as any I ever saw at Yalding and Staple- hnrst, in Kent, England. "Louis DuNESiNG (Emerson).'* Flax and Hemp. These important crops were cultivated to a considerable extent by old settlers many y^ears ago, the product being of excellent quality ; but the universal complaint at that time was the want of a market, or of a machinery to work up the raw material, and this led them to discontinue this important branch of husbandry. Its cultivation has been renewed extensively by the Russian Mennonite settlers, on whose reserves in the southern portion of Manitoba a considerable quantity is produced. At West Lynne alone over 6,000 bushels were brought in during the first week in December, alone, in one year, averaging 8oc. (3s. 4d.) per bushel. Flax is peculiarly suited to the Province, and so much is this felt that an English capitalist has started in Winnipeg an extensive linseed-oil mill. This fact and the demand for flax seed that must necessarily arise, will still further increase the area of its cultivation. It can only be raised successfully in a cool region, the warm climates of the south causing the bark to become brittle and hard, and the rapidity with which it there matures preveniing the lint from obtaining consistency or tenacity. On account of their extremely favourable climate for this cereal, Manitoba and the North- West territories are likely to prove formidable rivals to northern £urope in its cultivation. Shooting and Fishing. There is excellent shooting everywhere in the woods and on the prairie, as may be seen by the following list of birds and animals to be found :— Small Game ; Prairie chickens, ducks, geese, pheasants, partridges, pigeons, cranes, snipe, plover, rabbits, &c. ; Large Game : Moose, deer, antelope, buffalo, elk, and a large number of fur- bearing animals. The rivers and lakes abound with the following fish : — Sturgeon of large size, white fish, pickerel, pike, bass, perch, suckers, sunfish, gold eyes, carp, trout, and maskinonge. Uarkets. Small centres of trade are continually springing into existence wherever settlements take place, and these contain generally uue or more stores where farmers can find a ready market for their produce. The stations along the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway are not more than eight or ten miles apart, and the liberal course adopted by the railway company in dealing with persons willing to undertake the erection of elevators for the storage of wheat and other grains has led to the establishment of a large number of these warehouses along the line of the railway in Manitoba alone. These have a total capacity of over 1,500,000, and enable farmers to dispose of their grain at good prices almost at their doors. A glance at the map demonstrates that Manitoba, ii PLAIK FACTS AS TO T^ CAMAblAN NOkTH-IVtST. via the Canadian Pacific Railway, will have closer connection with the seaboard than Minnesota, Dakota, or any of the more Western States now have with New York ; so that the export of grain from the Canadian North-West at remunerative prices is assured. The very large influx of people, and the prosecution of railways and public works will, however, cause a great home demand for some years, and for a time limit the quantity for export. Success of Settlers. " Are you satisfied with the country, the climate, and the prospects ahead of you ? " This is, after all, the most crucial question. For what are enormous yields and sub- stantial profits, if the country cannot be made a home — a resting place of comfort, of independence and of freedom ? There are, of course, drawbacks in the Canadian North- west, and in these pages the settlers speak their own minds fully on these points. But what country under the sun has not some drawbacks ? If so, it were indeed an earthly paradise. F^ow will old England or bonnie Scotland stand in the matter of drawbacks ? The point is this : — Are the drawbacks of the Canadian North-West anything approach- ing in importance those under which I am now living ? Is the Nor ih- West a desirable place for settlement in my own peculiar circumstances ? Can I hope to live there with greater comfort and less anxiety for the future of myself and my children than in the old country ? No impartial reader will have difficulty in answering for himself by the aid of these pages. In legard to the replies to this particular question, it should be borne in mind that the Canadian North- West is an immense country. Its perfect development is naturally a work of some time. Railways have been during the past year or two built there at a rate perhaps unknown in human history, and the work still proceeds. But there must yet be districts without immediate contact with the iron horse, though another year may see these very districts the centre of a system as has been the experience in the past. It is of course natural that each farmer should want the railway nmning through his farm and even close to his own door. But such a thing is impossible even in long established,: Britain ; how can it be expected in newly-settled Canada ? It rests with each intending | settler to choose his own land ; there is still ample to be had with good railway facilities. ] In answering the question. Are you satisfied with the country, the climate, and thej prospects ahead of you ? 84 farmers replied simply " Yesy Following are the answers given by others. Their postal addresses are given on pages 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. is I Name. Urton, W. 8. Yardley, H.. Hutchison, A Answer. Very well satisfied. • . Yes, I am quite satisfied. If I had more capital, could make a fortune in a few] yeai s. Perfectly satisfied. . N) Fisher, H. Field, E.. Lawrence, Screech, J Upjohn, F Harwaid, Cameron, Lothian, J McGhee, J Bruce, G.. Bell, C. J . Middleton, Warnock, Reid, A. . , Fraser, Jol Grang, J. . Perley, W. Kinnear, J Miller, Sol Webster, I McGill, G. Grimmett, Purdy, T. Davis, W. Rogers, T Smitli, Wn Downie, J Kines, Wi Ingram, A\ Anderson, Young, J. McRae, R Oliver, T. Lang, R. . Sheppard, Stevenson, Armstrong Deyell, J. Walker, J. Robertson, PLAlU FACTS AS tO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. ift ird than 'ork; so jrices is i public limit the Name. »f you?" and sub- nfort, of in North- nts. But in earthly iwbacks ? ipproach- desirable here with n the old he aid of id that the aiurally a || there at a f lere must year may I past. It ; i farm and :;; stablished I intending! r facilities, g ;, and thei are thef, 6, 7 or 8. 1 i ne in a few] Fisher, H. Field, E Lawrence, J . . . . Screech, J Upjohn, F Harward, F.... Cameron, W. C Lothian, J McGhee,J Bruce, G. ..... . Bell, C.J Middleton, A.. Warnock, W... Reid, A. Fraser, John.. Grang, J Perley, W. D Kinnear, J. H . . . Miller, Solomou. Webster, A. McGill,G.. Grimmett, D. W. Purdy, T. F Davis, W. H.... Rogers, T Smith, Wm Downie, J Kines, Wm... Ingram, W. A. Anderson, J . Young, J. M. McRae, R... Oliver, T.... Lang, R Sheppard, J . Stevenson, F. W.. Armstrong, Geo.. Deyell, J Walker, J. C Robertson,? Answer; Settled in June, 1884; more residence is c^cessary to answer this question, but I think with capital a man will do well. Very. I am well satisfied with the country and climate. Perfectly satisfied. Yes, very. Yes, fairly so. Yes, by all means. Perfectly satisfied with the country, and prospects are fiur. Very. Prospects good. Satisfied. Yes, very well. I am quite satisfied with the country, climate and future prospects. Yes. Except to go on a visit, i have no desire to go back to the Old Country. Yes, I am perfectly satisfied, if only a little more railway fiEicility in this district (Milford). Yes, perfectly contented and good prospects ahead. Y«s, if we had railway communication to this place (Cartwright). Remarkably well. It is a most wonderful country, and with energy and per- severance skilfully directed a fortune can be made soon. Weil satisfied. I am well pleased with the country and climate, and if we had a railroad here (Alameda) I would be well pleased with my prospects. Yes, fully. Yes. So far as climate, it is more desirable than Great Britain or Ireland on the whole. Winter is clear, dry and healthy ; no need of umbrella, mud-boots or top-coat round home. Well satisfied. Very much indeed. I think this will be a great country. We require railway facilities in this place (Crystal City). Perfectly satisfied. I am satisfied. Perfectly satisfied, and would not go back to Ontario to farm if paid for it. lliere is not half the hard work here that there is in Ontario- Satisfied with country and climate. I am. In this locality (Miiford) we want a railroad, or a market where we can go there and back m one day. Certainly satisfied. All we want is railway &ciliUes to this place. I am perfectly well satisfied. Yes, you bet I am. Yes, I am, if we had railways through the county (Barnside). Perfectly. I am. Although 62 years of age I am determined to make this my home for the future, as it is a farming country. Perfectly with all Lovely weather is the rule here. Yes, fully. 1 am, if we had a branch railway here (Plum Creek, Souris). Perfectly. I like the climate, the only drawback is the rather long winter. 44 FLAlM^FACTS As TO TtiE CANADIAN NOftTH-WXST. Black well, J. Honor, T. R. Hope, G... Malcolm, A , Pollock, Jno Reed, E.J McGregory, D Powers, C F Rutherford, J. (J. P.).. Cc-er, T Bobier,E Little, Jas . . . . McKitrick, W. Taylor, W Warren, R.J McKnight, R Troyer, C Vandervoort, G Wood,J.H Chambers, S. W Baily,Z Little, J Black, G.R .... McCroquodale, C.T.C. Wright.^* Sons Whitney, C McLennan, T McKenzie, D. . . Fraser, D. D... Gilmour, H. C. Drew, W. D... McKellar, D... Hartney, J.H.. Ogletree, F . . . . Harris, Jas . Smart, G . . . Shirk, J. M. McAskie, Jas. Osborne, D . . • • • • • . • . Harrison, D. H Cbesttr, A Am satisfied with the country and climate, but the country wants more railroads , to make it prosperous I am satisfied with the climate and natural resources of the country and my own prospects ahead. Well satisfied, have no reason to be dissatisfied. There are drawbacks here as well as in other countries, but I know of no place where I can go to better myself. I cm very well satisfied in every respect. Well pleased. No. 'Hiree sons and myself all well satisfied with the country. I am, and have great confidence in the fiiture of the country. Right well. I consider it ahead of Ontario for farming anU health. I am well pleased with the country, or I would not be here if I was not. Yes ; I find this country ahead of Ontario and better for crops and stock. The country and climate are better than I expected ; the scarcity of timber and railroad facilities are drawbacks to this part (Crystal City). Satisfied. Yes, as I was worth 80/. when I came, and now I am worth 1,400/. Perfectly satisfied and prospects are good. I am, with one exception, railway facilities to this place (Alameda). I am well satisfied with everything, even to the C. P. R. Perfectly. Yes, more than satisfied. Perfectly satisfied. Perfectly satisfied. The country and climate can't be beaten ; the prospects are fair. Entirely so. Well satisfied. I am well satisfied. Yes, very well satisfied with the country, climate and prospects, if we only get the railway to this place (Asessippi). I am well satisfied. Certainly. I am verv well satisfied with the country. I am well satisfied, and have unbounded faith in the future of the country. Satisfied. Perfectly, if we had a branch railway to this place TSouris). I am well satisfied with the country, the climate and prospects ahead. I would not change under any consideration. Yes, very much Yes, if we had a market and railroad here (Holland). Personally, not exactly, as I have been rather unfortunate in losing animals, d^., but think the general prospects are good. Very well ; the winter is pretty cold ; the spring, summer and fall are de- lightful. Very well satisfied. Very much, would not leave. I am well pleased with the country, the climate is good, and I am sure this must b« a grand country yet. M Bonesteel, Nugent, A Obee, F. . Anderson, Kenny, D. McDougall Muirheiul, Barnes, F. Lambert, \ Bowes, J. Champion, Bouldingfti Tate. J . . . . McMurty, ' McCaughe) Taylor, Wi Stevenson, Wagner, V Heaslip, J. Nelson, K, Mcintosh, i Stirton, J . ^ Bolton, F. Morton, T. Campbell, ]| Cox, J. T.. Sifkon, A. L McDonell, WiIson,Jas Kemp, J • . • Paynter, J. McGee, T. Heaney, J. McEwan, E Slater, C. B Frazer, J. 8 Connerson, Rawion, . Nickell, W. Harris, A. Bartley, N . Chambers, \ Paynter, W. Hi^ytw. w. riAIM FACTS AS TO THS CANADIAN NORTK-^vnUT. re railroads nd my own well as in yself. leased with >ck. timber and we only get itry. i. I would timals, ifc., all are de- re this must Bonesteel, C. H Nugent, A. J Obee, F Anderson, George. .... Kenny, D.W.... McDougall, A. G Muirhead, T Barnes, F. A Umbert, W. M Bowes, J Champion, W. M Boulding,«G. W Tate. J McMurtv,T. McCaughey, J. S Taylor, Wm SteTenson, G. B Wagner, W. (M.P.P.) Heaslip, J.J Nelson, R Mcintosh, A Stirton, J Bolton, F Morton, T. L. . . • • . • . . Campbell, R Cox, J. T Sifton, A. L McDonell,D Wilson, Tas Kemp, J Paynter, T.E McGee,T Heaney, J McEwan, D Slater, C.B Frazer, J. 8 Connerson, J Rawson, Nickell, W Harris, A. B Bartley, N Chambers, W Paynter, W. D t^yter, W.H,******* Answer. Very well satisfied as yet. All right, if change in Government policy, still I am a good Conservative. I am well satisfied. I am thoroughly satisfied with the country and climate, and my prospects are good. Perfectly satisfied at present. With the country decidedly, but want a little more capital in my business. I am quite satisfied. Yes, and prospects are good ahead. Yes, they are all that can be desired. Most decidedly. This country has done well for me. Very much. Am satisfied with country and climate. I am satisfied with the country. Yes, I am ; all we want is a railroad to this part (Alameda). Well satisfied. Yes, well satisfied. Yes, very much. Yet, perfectly, if we had a railroad here (Alameda) ; otherwise no. As to country and climate, yes ; As to my own present prospects, no. I have n) reason to complain. Quiie satisfied with the country and climate, but want free trade in lumber and machinery, and the Hudson Bay Railway. Yes, winters area little too long ; but think this country equal to any. Most decidedly so. Yes, if the Government would see fit to remove the duty off implements. I think it would be all right. Yes, well satisfied. Perfectly satisfied with country and climate. The only drawbacks are want of additional shipping facilities, and high tariff on implements. Yes, very satisfied. With the country and climare, yes. Yes, the country and climate are first class. Not entirely. am. I came to the country without any experience, and am well satisfied with it. I am verv well satisfied. Yes, perfectly. Yes, prfcctly. v, Yes, if we had a railroad here (Beulah). Yes, I feel happy, and all my familv, six sons, four daughters, and twenty grandchildren. All in Manitoba ; all well and happy. With the country and climate, yes. Fairly well satisfied with the country. I am, if we get railway accommodation here (Beulah). Yen, providing we can get market and railroad facilities here (Wattsview), if I were not satisfied I would have led long ago. Yes, if we get railway accommodation here (Beulah). Y«i (juite satisfied. 46 PLAIN FACTS AS TO TRB CANADIAN NOKTR-WIST. Wright, C Garratt and Ferguson.. McLAne, A. M Mcljean, J. A Bedford, jf Todd, P. R Boldrick, R TuUock, A Speers, A. R Cafferrata and Jefferd . . Connell, R Cox, W.T Yes, very well. The country is all right, but we want more railways x this part (Beaconsfield). Quite satisfied, if we can get our grain sold at satisfa%;tory prices. I have faith in the whole country. I am satisfied with all of them. I should like it better if December, January and February were warmer. Well satisfied. Only objection is a little too hard frost; storms are nothing like what I expected. I do not know where I could better myself. ■^^^ Perfectly satisfied. Yes, perfectly. Certainly. Satisfied with the country and climate. * Yes. Our only drawback is the lack of local railway &cilities (Milford). The Class of Settlers now In the North-'West.— The great number of settlers come from the Eastern Provinces of the Dcminion, Ontario contributing by far the largest portion, composed principally of the very flower of her agricultural population. The arrivals from Europe are principally English, Scotch, and Irish, mcluding tenant farmers, laborers, servants and others, most of whom readily adapt themselves to their new life. There are also a good number of Germans and Scandinavians, hard-working, law-abiding citizens, whose co-patriots have proved them- selves to be among the most valuable settlers in the United States. Some settlers are contributed by the American Union, a small portion being repatriated French-Canadians, principally from the State of Massachusetts, and the balance, farmers and farmers' sons, almost entirely from the Western States, while there is also a large settlement of Russians, Mennonites, and Icelandics, who are now comfortably settled, contented and prosperous, the last named having formed an Icelandic settlement at Big Island, Lake Winnipeg. The French-Canadians settled along the Red River, who emigrated from Boston and other Cities in the New England States of America, are reported to be in good circum- stances, and, their crops having yielded largely, their prospects are excellent. Speaking generally, the people of the North-west are highly respectable, orderly, and law abiding. Farm Labour* — It is difficult to give definite information on this point. There is no doubt it has been high, especially during harvest time, when there is a great demand for men to take in the crops, but the very lar^e number of people going into the country during the past few seasons has tended materially to reduce the scale of wages. One point should be remembered — that the farmer in Manitoba, with his immense yield and fair prices, can afford to pay a comparatively high rate of wages, and still find his farming very profitable. ChurcheSt — The utmost religious liberty prevails everywhere in Canada, Churches of nearly all denominations exist and are in a flourishing condition, lind where a settleir clergyme: abound i schools, ^ educatioi generally only a v< in each 1 sold are and teacl class of e Mti governm< palities s organ isat regulate directly \ by the re system o ment, cai believing The la phlet wa: place th( country s of but a C. ] consider not only from tha persuade of their which th they can ME5 Manitob large caf: of Amer how to y^ HLAIN PACTS A8 TO TRK CANADIAN NOETH-WUI. 49 consiield). ker. are nothing •ord). The great mtributing gricultural find Irish, iily adapt nans and ved them- ettlers are !!anadians, ners' sons, Russians, irosperous, Winnipeg, oston and 3d circum- Speaking and law this point, e is a great ng into the ! of wa^es. lense yield ill find hii n Canada, Vind where a settlement is not large enough to support a regular church, there are always visiting clergymen to do the duty. ScllOOlS* — Means of education, from the highest to the lowest, everywhere abound in the Dominion. The poor and middle classes can send their children to free schools, where excellent education is given ; and the road to t:ie colleges and higher education is open and easy for all. In no country in the world is good education more generally diffused than in Canada. It is on the separate school system, and receives not only a very considerable grant from the local government, but there are also two sections in each township set apart by the Dominion Government, the proceeds of which, when sold are applied to the support of schools. There is a superintendent to each section, and teachers are required to pass a rigid examination before they are appointed. A high class of education is there.'jre administered. mnnlclpal GoYemment.— There is a very perfect system of municipal government throughout the Dominion. The North-West country is divided into munici- palities as fast as settlement progresses suflflciently to warrant it. These municipal organisations take charge of roads and road repairs — there being no toll charges — and regulate the local taxation of roads, for schools, and other purposes, so that every man directly votes for the taxes he pays ; and all matters of a local nature are adminibtered by the reeve and council, who are each year elected by the people of the district. This system of responsibility, from the municipal representative up to the General Govern- ment, causes everywhere a feeling of contentment and satisfaction, the oeople with truth believing that no system of government could give them greater freedom. Last Words of Settlers. The last request made of settlers in the course of the enquiries dealt with in this pam- phlet was that they would supply such information as they might " deem desirable to place the Canadian North- West before the world in its true position as an agricultural country and a land suitable for successful settlement." Space will allow of the publication of but a very few here. C. H. BoNESTBEL, of Pheasant Plain, Kenlis, P. O., Assiniboia, N.W.T., says : — " I consider this country a grand field for emigration for all that are homeless and farmless, not only in the old country, but in Ontarip. Why, I know of hundreds where I come from that are working for daily and montfily wages, who, if they only knew or could be persuaded what this country is, or the chances that there are here for them to get a home of their own, they would come at once. Even if they only took a homestead, i6o acres, which they get for lo dollars {£2), it would make them a good farm and home, which they can never hope to get where they are. This is my honest belief." Messrs. Campior Broihers, per R. E. Campior, who omit to forward thoir Manitoba address, says : — •' This country is surer and safer for a man with either small or large capital, being less liable tc flood and drought than any part of the Western States of America, speaking from experience. Intendmg settlers on landing should Irst know how to work and drive a team and stick to it, and they are bound to succeed." 48 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NOKTH-WBST. William Wagner, M.P.P., of Woodlands, Ossowa, Manitoba, writes : — " Very few inhabitants have visited Manitoba and North West as myself. I have seen the settler in his first year, and again after three and tour years, and what a difference. The first year much misery, then again comfort. I have seen a good many English settlers in the first year ; they are a great deal disappointed ; but after they have been accustomed to our ways, they are happy and contented. We have in Woodlands about thirty English families, who had but little, and they belong to-day to our best of farmers, and with us we have never heard of any discontent." James Connerson, of Minnewashta, Manitoba, writes thus : — " Keep back from whisky, contract no debts, sign no notes, stick hard at work for two years, and be up and at it. If one has do means, work out with a farmer for a time ; pay as you go along. That is my humble advice to all intending settlers. I know hundreds of very decent people in Glasgow (Scotland), also in Holland, who would be thankful to come out here and get a homestead free." James Little, Postmaster, of Oak River, Manitoba, says: — "This is the best country in the world for settlers to come to ; for instance, they can get their land for nearly nothing, and in three years be worth between 4,000 and 5,000 dollars (;^8oo to ;^i;Ooo) just in the rise of the price of the land ; besides, he can raise all the stock he requires, perhaps the same amount or more. There is not much work to do, it can be done with machinery, and a man that is fond of sport can shoot all the fowl he wants, I can kill hundreds of all sorts of wild fowl here, geese, ducks, prairie chickens, snipe and wild turkeys in abundance. Thomas Carter, of Woodlands, Manitoba, says: — "The Canadian North- West needs no vindication. It will soon be as well known to the world as is the Rock of Gibraltar As for the cold, I have been more miserably cold on the heights of Shorn- cliffe, Kent (England), than I ever have been in the North- West. Of course a man may allow himself to freeze to death if he chooses, or if he is standing near a fire he may allow himself to burn if he chooses — it's all a matter of taste." G. A. Camkron, of Indian Head, N.W.T., writes — "As good a place as a man can find if he has plenty of money and brains, or if he has no money, but muscle and pluck. Send as many here as you can and they will bless you for it." William Taylor, of Beulah, P.O., Man., says : — " Settlers should be used to labour with their hands without kid gloves, unless provided with ample means. The grumblers here are composed Oi" men raised idle at home, who have not means to carry it out here. Labouring men and i ired girls coming out with those that hire them do not want to be bound for any lenghth of time, as wages rule much higher here than in the old countries." Christian Trovjr, of Sec. 23, T 2, R 2, W 2, Alameda, Assiniboia, N.W.T., says: — *' I should advise in ending settlers to 'encumber themselves as little as possible with extras, with the exception of clothing, and be cautious on their arrival to husband their resources. As I claim to be a successful north-wester I would be pleased and most happy to give advice and information to intending settlers free." J. R. NiFF, of Moosonim, N.W.T., states : — " The fact that I settled shows that I had confidence in the country, and after two seasons' experience I am more than satisfied. As a grain growing count .y I believe, with proper cultivation and energy, it cannot be exceeded." Georg North-Wesi Georg of the lead< sober, in( many who ; require is a Union grun S. W. years* expei approach tl man who is years, it ofll expenditure G. R. the best pi have been to this Can nothing but have raised Mr. A. grain produ considerabli for ICO doll do very we! this country Mr. P. willing to w in this coun business on Mr. W can come h six boys to Mr.jA writes : — " , start wiih ; difficult. I water good, Mr. Tl North-Wes mechanics, good one ft Mr. Jc will raise la have travel have seen i Very few settler in first year n the first ed to our Y English vith us we >acic from 36 up and go along, ry decent s out here the best r land for rs (;^8oo J stock he it can be he wants, ens, snipe or th- West Rock of of Shorn- man may •e he may I man can md pluck. to labour jrumblers out here, vant to be :ountries." .T., says: sible with band their and most that I had 1 satisfied, cannot be PLAIN PACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WKST. 49 George Vandervoort, of Alexandria, Man., says : — " I consider Manitoba or the North- West is the proper place for a man to go to get a home with ease." George H. Wood, of Birtle, Man., writes : — ** Speaking from what I know as one of the leaders of one hundred and fifty in this locality, I don't know a single instance of a sober, industrious person who has not benefited by coming here, and I do know of many who always lived " from hand to mouth " in Ontario, who are getting rich. All we require is a railway to get on well, arid all get rich. Farming pays here, the Farmers' Union grumblers to the contrary notwithstanding." S. W. Chambers, of Wattsview P.O., Man., writes thus: — "After more than five years' experience in this country, I am satisfied that no other country in the world can approach the Canadian North- West as a field for agricultural productions. And to the man who is willing to rough it first and to roll up his sleeve's and work for two or three years, it offers u comfortable independence in a very few years, with very little capital expenditure." G. R. Black, of Wellwood, County Norfolk, Manitoba, says : — " This country is the best place for a man with a small capital to make a home that I have seen, and I have been through eight states of the United States, and I have seen nothing to compare to this Canadian North- West. I would advise settlers coming from Europe to bring nothing but clothes and bedding and iigi.t materials. I would say in explanation that I have raised as high as 40 bushels of wheat .ud 75 of oats, but that is not the rule." Mr. A. R. Speers, of Griswold, Manitoba, writes : — " I consider this the greatest grain producing country in the world without any exception, and as I have handled considerable stock here I know that to pay well. Last spring I sold one stable of cattle for 100 dollars (^^20) per head for butchering. My sheep have paid well. Milch cows do very well, and also poultry, and in fact everything I have tried. No man need fear this country for producing anything except tro|)ical fruit." Mr. P. R. Todd, of Griswold, Manitoba, writes : — " I believe that any man who is willmg to work, no matter how small his means, can improve his circumstances financially in this country, and there is a good chance for a man of means or large capital to run business on a large scale profitably." Mr. W. H. Havter, of Alameda, Assiniboia, N. W. T., writes : — " A single man can come here and farm on a small capital, say 500 dollars (>(^ioo). I have a family of six boys to start. We are well satisfied with the prospects ahead." Mr. James Rawson, of Mountain City, Sec. 16, Township 2, R. 6, W., Manitoba, writes : — " Persons coming to this Province should have 500 dollars (;^ioo) in cash to ,startwiihj not but what a person can get aloniij with less, as I have done, but it is difficult. Magnificent country for persons who have plenty of money. Climate healthy, water good, plenty of game." Mr. Thomas McGek, of Burnsidc, Manitoba, writes : — '* I think that the Canadian North-West is well for industrious hard working people, either laborers, farmers or mechanics. 1 was a mechanic before I came hero, and am satisfied that the country is a good one for people that want to make homes for themselves." Mr. John Kemp, of Austin, Manitoba, writes : — " The soil is immensely rich, and will raise large crops for a long time without manure. I am a Canadian by birth, and have travelled over a good part of the States and Canada, and, all things considered, I have seen no part of America to equal this country for agricultural purposes." 00 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-MHtST. Mr. Thomas L. Morton, of Gladstone, Manitoba, writes : — " My land is all brush, which I consider the best in the end, but more labor. I have twenty acres dark loam, sown with Timothy, red top and clover; 25 head of stock, and 50 acres of crop, which pays far better than 100 acres of crop. Pigs pay well. Native hops grow well." Mr. Robert Campbell, Bridge Creek, P. O., Manitoba, writes : — " My opinion is that any man with, say, from 500 to 1,000 dollars (jQioo to £206) and energy to go to work, will have no difficulty in making a comfortable home for himself and family." Mr. John T. Cox, Box 44, Rapid City, Manitoba, writes : — " As an agricultural country it is a splendid one — that is the crops must be put in early, and then they wi'.i do all right." Mr. Duncan MoDonell, Baie St. Paul, Manitoba, writes : — '* The Canadian North- West, if once settled, will be and is the best agricultural country of all I have travelled through" Mr. Joshua Elliott, of Sourisburg, Man., says :— I consider this country the best in the world for all classes of farmers. For the capitalize, plenty of room and safe returns ; and the man of limited capital, to secure a good home and be independent. I have given you a true statement of my own experience. You have my address above, and persons wantmg information by sending a stamped envelope I will answer it, and give them the benefit of all my experience." Mr. Samuel Day, Sec. 34, T. 13, R. 30, Fleming, N.W.T. — "I should like to see the emigration agents go more into the farming districts of England, and induce more farm laborers to come to this country. I would suggest Devonshire, as labor is plentiful there and wages low. I am afraid some of those city people will not make good settlers, and hence have a bad effect by writing home bad accounts. I am satisfied this is one of the best countries for an industrious man with energy." Bolton, Ferris, of Calf Mountain, Manitoba, says : — " I firmly believe that this country has advantages over all others for growing grain and raising stock, and would advise all young men who have not made a start, and all tenant farmers with limited capital to come here." ?r- iv r^ Testimony such as is contained in the foregoing pages could be pro- duced indefinitely. The bountiful resources of our Great North-West as herein to a small extent shown, cannot fail to impress the reader with the knowledge that we have indeed a country whose resources and attractions are boundless. Montreal Herald Print. / all brush, i,rk. loam, )p, which >• pinion is ^ to go to ily." gricultural ey will do an North - I travelled the best in e returns ; I have bove, and , and give ke to see luce more s plentiful >d settlers, s is one of i that this ind would ith limited I be pro- West as I with the tractions •OUTHIRN MANITOBA-TNI QAIIOBN OF THI PROVINOI-Th* lands along tht Lin* of tha Manitoba and tomhwootorn Ralh the Northwest Territories at Canada, Showing the Lines and Land Grant of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Th* Oompany's iMid* In part oenalat wT Mm oddfiumkaMd MOtiMM In t' '^ iMtt oetorad prawi, tha ramklning aaatlona b*lna Oovvrnmant Worn— f ad i^ntfa. I>v3 \h 11.: / P 7\i4 23\32 m^ >A- -Mwi .->J>- /(>; and touthwMUrn Railway, laaaad by th« Canadian Paolflo, and oomprlaad within th« unoolorao belt In Southern Manltotofi are new ol^in fcr 41 -t f^f^SfeiSS-x [..^V ♦UwW" 5 1 "r'Tinri '5' i/i / ■7" 102 101 99 OS 97 iinculorod belt In Southern Manitoba are now opon for aalo. Apply to JOHH N. M«TAVitH, Land Oommlooloner, WInnipog, ■ iln ai nwnmuM mrnmmmmmmmmmf^ ■ ( # V ■ ■■■■. ^-i ^r IIKr!l