IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / O {■/ 1.0 I.I 1.25 illlM m 1.8 U II 1.6 ^ ^ P^ /; Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 145 BO (716) 673-4503 4f . signifie "A SUIVRE", *o symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 A psrtir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche A droite. bt de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^J-' ■\ X4 ■ h ■ TT'. TORONTO INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION ,'/;ri! cH ■ ■'):■■' *,\f''^ i>''^ . )....) •. !-,>.,, No. 3 Front St. East, Toronto, -' ; I , - EXHIBIT IN CLASS 79 AS SAMPLES, AND NOT FOR COMPETITION, .'!i irv '.TK. r^ds. ■•-- ot7j )(■ ir.c 'i, THE FOLLOWING .. . 1^ . •ijjf.r.-'ftj-.f j-,, i,i'*Hf' Li N SEED ni- vUi /!!uil ,ifbj:?f>'«i ■jti>''. _^jjD jTs PRODUCTS, VIZ. : •' '-at:f « , ;f.4 iWACjt ^"1 GROUND LINSEED. - -- — ,.^'" ; -w -^^ ;' f^"' (..; .hjjj; ^hff % OIL CAKE. )•. rill {{ ;I^ :^.t4.:.. -■ 'i^J' ." M pv:-,;t.i;] -^i.vn I. •.<■!. .Vf I!* U- 'Jvi'i ::>vi ■; i!^;.-w i. ~fi! jjuiKluirwfl-CRUSHEU OIL CAKE. • •-; .^ .■•j.;-) ii(-_ ;,^ !,?» vvv ..H'/ ni ,t,)!/ii*!<)vi ';;ofiv GROUND OIL CAKE. ^-''■^' ''^ n-^i. »';;..» -k, kM-jj^^jftsi > >>* y;ji, nf,*! :/ LINSEED MEAL. ' ■''^'-'^^ :>n..ofr*t^ ..ir!^:, RAW LINSEED OIL. .-- /i...aiv; ^ &i<^^^i REFINED LINSEED OIL. •.^ * »W' ^^ A u;.'. *vpALE BOILED LINSEED OIL. fLAXSEED has been cultivated in Ontario for many years, and in constantly increasing quantities until three years ago, when a difficulty of finding a profitable market for the fibre gave a temporary check to production. The crop employs laborers in large numbers in every stage, and saves an outlay for foreign goods and it is encouraging to know that production is reviving. The whole seedjs used to spme extent in medicine and the arts, and formerly what was known as Linseed Meal was the seed simply ground, as shown in Division No, 2, of our Case. It is still called for to a limited extent, and when ordered as " Ground Linseed " we supply a perfectly pure article. This sheet is intended principally for the use of farmers who are probably quite well aware of the method of cultivating Flaxseed. It may be proper, however, to say that when cultivated for seed alone it should be thin sown, say about six pecks to the acre ; while, if the fibre is the main object, eight or ten pecks is the proper quantity. The demand for the seed is practically unlimited, Great Britain imported last year over ten millions of bushels, which is rather below the average. \^ ■'•"f^^ The local market has never yet been fully supplieJ, and the price at any railway station in Ontario has hardly ever been beloAV $i.oo per bushel. / \ ■ When the Linseed goes into our Mill on Beverley Street it is first screened to free it from sand, foul and immature seed. If properly turned out by the farmer or the Scutching Mill, this should cause little loss, but sometimes as much as seven percent, of rubbish is taken out in ihe operation; next the seed passes through iron rollers which crush and tear it into coarse meal, from thence it pas.ses to the muUers, which are blocks of stone eight feet in diameter and two feet thick, revolv- ing on edge, liy which the seed is reduced to powder as in the sample of " Ground lansted." It is now heated in a kettle by means of steam, thoroughly cooking the meal, which makes the oil-cuke more nutritious and the oil to be more easily separated. From the kettle the hot meal is placed in hair mats or bags, and then sub- jected to a pressure of about two and a half tons to the square inch. The oil is by this mearts thoroughly squeezed out, and the oil-cakes left in the shape shown in Division No. 3. / Th«j cakes are sold for feeding purposes, either whole or as" Crushed or Ground Oil-cake," as shown in Nos. 4 and 5- ■ ^^ i i' The enormous quantity of Linseed imported into Great Britain has been men tioned, but in addition, about 230,000 tons of Oil-cakes were brought from abroad Of this quantity Canada sent 3500 tons, which, at $30 per ton, produced a little oves $105,000. It is quite safe to say that if sent in the shape of cattle or sheep, it would have netted the country double that amount. The export of Oil cake, together with the estimated home consumption, in- dicate a total production of x8o,ooo bushels of Linseed for the whole Dominion in 1878. It does not appear probable that more than one-third that quantity was harvested in 1879, but in the current year the crop is said to be as large as in any former season. In addition to the Oil from all the home seed, Canada consumed the Oil from over 220,000 bushels of foreign seed in '78 and '79, and as the Oil now pays a duty of 25%, it will be apparent that farmers have a profitable opening in cultivat- ing Flax for the seed alone.".r--™-- •----rTWT'^»r--' •---- — r- — All writers and scientific observers of agricultural matters are quite agreed that Oil-cake is unrivalled, not only as a strong, wholesome food in itself, but in the assistance it gives to the assimilation of other foods. It keeps the bowels regular and the skin healthy, conditions necessarily precedent to taking on fat. .'■^■.♦.jv; , I n^T t,^ r • Mr. Wm. Brown, of the Guelph Agricultural College, says 100 lbs. Oil cake will give 81 lbs. fat and flesh, and that Turnips. Straw, and Oil-cake will fatten any reasonable animal as fat and as cheap as most oth;;r things can. ' ' ' For horses, it is useful to give a good coat. When working give half a pound to a pound per day, crushed or ground. For horned cattle Oil-cake can be advan- tageously used in fattening, both summer and winter, In summer with grass, hay, fermented straw, or distillery oflfal. In winter, or at the end "of the grass seaaon, the practice most recommended is to put the cattle in stalls and give Oil-cake from 2 to 5 lbs. per day, with hay, cut-straw, and, if necessary, oats or inferior barley. *' For Cows on pasture it is invaluable, and if fed at the rate of about two pounds a day increases the flow and richness of the milk to an extraordinary extent. The best dairy farmers in England adopt this practice. 7 ; h.i ' *\-'' lilJ or i t For fattening sheep, as much as a pound per day with hay and turnips has been found profitable. viuxV'-i For pigs, the same quantity may be used as for sheep. >^ «^j Mr. Hall the eminent English authority on the American cattle trade, in his examination before the Agricultural Commission, gave very strong testimony as to the value of Oil-cake in feeding cattle during preparation for exportation and during the voyage. It should be borne in mind that if it is desired to produce the highest clas? of beef, mutton, or pork. Oil-cake should be given continuoi^Iy fron- the time the animal commences to take solid food. This paper is distributed in the hope of inducing Ontario farmers to feed this valuable product of their farns at home, rather than allow it to enrich lands in Scotland and England. At present, in proportion to population, forty-three times more Oil-cuke is used in Britain than in Canada. The extensive use of Oil-cake in Britain arises not only from its value as a food, but very largely on account of the value of the manure which remains after feeding it. Careful experiments indicate the following scale of value for the manure for each ton of material fed on the farm in England : - < . , Xi Turnips and Carrots, Straw, Hay, Oats, . . . . Indian Corn Peas, . . . , Oil-cake $o 96 2 20 3 S 6 15 64 60 07 25 18 50 ■■«i{-,M,- Although these figures will not apply in Canada where the products of the farm in the shape of grain, cattle, &c., are lower than in Britain, they clearly show the proportionate value of the residue from the different foods, and explain the reason why thousands of English farm leases contain a stipulation that so many tons of Oil-cake shall be fed to animals on the farm each year during the continuance of the holding. In some cases it is required that if the Oil-cake be not fed, it shall be spread on the land as manure. Our make is acknowledged to be equal to any offered in Great Britain, and could not be well otherwise, as it is always made from clean, screened Flaxseed, without adulteration or admixture. We are at most times ready to supply car-load quantities at a day's notice, but we do not supply less than a ton. For shipment, we pack in gunny bags holding 20c lbs., for which there is a charge of 20 cents each. Prices fluctuate with the couisc of- the British Markets, an4 vary according to the quantities required. Quotations will be forwarded by mail on application As we pay for the seed before we get it, and pay cash for labour, the terms are invariably, cash with order. ELLIOT & CO.. No. 3 Front Street East, Toronto. / CANADA OIL & PAINT MILLS. Jl r»L-ir- 1