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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be ffilmed at difffferent reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are ffilmed beginning in the upper lefft hand corner, lefft to right and top to bottom, as many fframss as required. The ffoilowing diegrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre ffilmAs A dps taux il9 reduction diffffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour hue reproduit en un seul clichA, il est ffilmA & partir de I'engle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droiie, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la methode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 s 1^ a m ONTARIO'S PflRLlflMENT BUILDINGS; OR, A CENTURY OF LEGISLATION. 1792-1802. A HISTORICAL SKETCH m •,,. - . , ■ ^^H ^^^n IIV 1 ^^B TORONTO. H jH ILLUSTRATED. Xtoronto: THE WILLIAMSON BOOK COMPANY (Ltd.) 1893? 'fr Kntered according to the Act of Parliament of Canada, in the year one thooaand eight hundred and ninety-three, by the Williamson Book Company (Ltd.), at the Department of Agriculture. ntlimD AXD BOVND BT lIl'NTia, HMB k COMPAKV TOROhTO, atHi0 $ooU aand rn.), » DEDICATED BY PERMISSION TO SIR OLIVER MOWAT, K.C.M.G., PREMIER AND ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF THK I'ROVINt^E OF ONTARIO FOB TWENTY-ONE YEARS, <::^^..^'i. CONTENTS. I'AtiK 9 19 30 (•iiAP. I— TIk- First J'niliaincut at Newark, 1792-1796 - II. -The First Parliament Buildings in Little York, 1799 1H13 111. — The Second I'drliauient BuildingH and Tempo- rary Quarters, 1813-1832 IV. — The Inception and Erection of the Old Parlia- ment BuildingH on Front-street, 1826-1832. 42 V. — The FVont-street Parliament Buildings in dif- ferent Roles ------ VI. — Famous Scenes in the Old Chamber VII. — Tile Reporters' (Jallery ----- VIII. — 'I he Lieutenant-Governors and their Homes, with List oi' Governors and Lieutenant- Governors - . - - . - IX.— The " Privileges " of the House - X — The Honor Roll of Parliamentarians, with List of Speakei*8 96 XI. — A New Era and a New Building - - - 105 XII.— Then and Now - - - - - - 1 24 47 55 70 77 87 Appendix. — List of Members of Provincial Legislature and United Parliament from 1792 to 1892 - - 155 ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. Now I'lirliaiiu'tit |{iiililin^, oxtorior view ( FriHili.ifiiiri), *2. Ontiirir'n KirMt I'arliiiiiicnt Hiiihlings, 17'.M>-lHi;i FiUt,„j ihuji |".» *3. JordnnH York Hotel, where tlio Li-HiMlaturi' met in 1814 Fiii'iiiij fHiifi' ;mi *4. ('hief JuBticu Draiter's Rosiileiicu, whore the Legislutiire unci Cduncil mot Fucing }Htg< WW *6. Piirliainent Buildings erected in 1H20, Iturned in 1H24 Fm-imj jmijc. M7 *(i. Old Hospitikl, tempurarily used hb Parliimient F'tiildingH in 1826- 1828 ...... t\tciiiij jMiije 40 *7. Old Court House, toinponirily used iis Parliiunent BHildings in 1820-31 FiU'iiKj iHiiji; 41 8. Piirliiinient Buildings, Front-street, hh they H|)pettred when first erected in 1832 FuciiKj ihuje. 42 1>. Parliunient Buihlings, Front-street, 18!»2 Furimj jHuje 47 lU. Interior of Legislative Chamber, 18!>2 — House in Session Fucinij iMiijc 66 11. Interior Legislative Chamber, Old Parliament Buildings, showing Bar of the House, I8U2 Fucimj imije 67 12. Sir John A. Macdonald Farhui /»<(uj>' 87 18. Hon. Alexander Mackenzie Fariiiij fxnin W) 19. Hon. Thomas BaUantynu, Speaker, 1892 - F(U'i» <*>iM t» fiiii riBifl i W MiiiiwMw tfa ii u Ontario's Parliament Buildings. in imparting to ua the same form of Government, but in secur- ing the benefit by the many provisions wliich guard this memor- able Act.so that the blessings of our invaluable constitution, thus protected and amplified, we hope will be extended to the remotest posterity. The great and momentous trusts and duties which have teen committed to the representation of this Province in a degree infinitely beyond whatever, till this period, have distin- guished any other colony, have originated from the British nation upon a just consideration of the energy and hazard with which tht inhabitants have so conspiciousl}'' supported and de- fended the British Constitution. It is from the .same patriotism, now called upon to exercise with due deliberation and fore8if."ht the various offices of the civil administration, that your fellow- subjects of the British empire expect the foundation of union of industry, and wealth of commerce and power, which may last through all succeeding ages. " The natural advantages of the Province of Upper Canada are inferior to none on this side of the Atlantic. There can be no separate interest through its whole extent. The British form ol' government has prepared the way for its speedy colonization, and I trust that your fostering care will improve the favorable situation, and that a numerous and agricultural people v/ill speedily take possession of a soil and climate, which, under the British laws and the munificence with which His Majesty has granted the lands of the Crown, offer such manifest and peculiar encouragement." On Monday, 15th October, 1792, after " prayers and a sermon," the House was summoned to the Council Chamber to listen to the following prorogation address from the Governor : " It is with very great satisfaction that I have considered the Acts which you have found it expedient to frame, and to which, in consequence of the power delegated to me, I have this day given my assent that they shall become laws of the Province of Upper Canada. As the division which His Majesty in his wisdom thougl^t proper to make of the late Province of Quebec obviated all injonveniences and laid the foundation for the establishment of the English laws within this Province, it was natural to pre- The First Parliament of Upper Canada. J5 sume that you would seize the first opportunity to impart that benefit to your fellow-subjects ; and by the Act to establish trial by jury, and by that which makes the English laws the rule of decision in all matters of controversy relative to property and civil rights, you have fully justified public expectation. " His Majesty, in his benevolence, having directed a seventh from such lands as shall bo granted to be reserved to the Crown for the public benefit, it will become my duty to take those measures which shall appear to be necessary to fulfil his gracious intentions, and I make no doubt but that as citizens and magis- trates you will give me every assistance in your power to carry into effect fully a system from which the public and posterity must derive such peculiar advantages. " Hon. gentlemen and gentlemen : " I cannot dismiss you without earnestly desiring you to pro- mote, by precept and example, among your respective counties, the regular habits of piety and morality, the sui'est foundations of all public and private felicity : and at this juncture I paiticu- larly recommend to you to explain thit this Province is singularly blessed, not with a mutilated constitution, but with a constitu- tion which has stood the test of experience and in the very image and transcript of Great Britain, by which she has long establish- ed and secured to her subjects as much freedom and happiness as it is possible to be enjoyed under the subordination necessary to civilized society." During this initial Parliament, the small band of fifteen elected legislators and eight councillors (appointed by the Crown for life) prefaced their important work by passing what may be termed our provincial magna charter, " An act for making more eflfectual provision for the government of the province of Upper Canada in North America," and to introduce the English law as the rule of decision on all matters of controversy relative to property and civil rights. Thus the law of Britain was made to supersede the old Canadian laws, which in turn had been founded on the French civil law. An act establishing trial by jury was also one of the eight acts passed at this first session, which was adjourned on the 15th of October, after sitting for nearly a month. 16 Ontario's Parliament Buildivgs. No less important is the record, dated Wednesday, June 26th, 1793, " House of Assembly : Read, as engiossod, a bill to effect the gradual suppression of slavery. Ordered that the said bill pass and be sent up for concurrence." And on July 2nd, a minute of the Legislative Council reads : " Read, as amended in the Legisla- tive Council, a bill to prevent the further introduction of slaves into this province. The house concurred in the amendments." In an issue of the Upper Canada Guzette of the same year, an advertisement appeal's, which gives the best evidence needed for the passage of such a law : FIVE DOLLARS REWARD.- Ran away from the subscriber, Wednes- day, the 25th of June last, a negro man-servant, named J(>hn. Who- ever will take up the said negro man and return him to his master shall re- ceive the above reward. Al\ persona are forbid harboring the said negro man at their peril. In the issue of August 19th, 1795, two other advertisements are to be found — one of " The runaway of Sue, a negro wench," and the other ; SALE for three years of a negro wench named Chloe, 23 years old, who un- derstands washing, cooking, etc. Apply to Robert Franklin, at the ReceivcT-Generars. Even Peter Russell, when administrator of the Province, ad- vertised for sale "a black woman named Peggy, an-Mier son named Jupiter," the price set upon Peggy being $150, and Jupiter S200. Commenting upon this act in his prorogation speech of 1793, Governor Simcoe expressed himself in noble though stilted lan- guage : " The Act for the gradual abolition of slavery in this colony, in no x'espect meets from me a more cheerful concurrence than in that provision which repeals the power heretofore held by the executive branch of the constitution, and precludes it from giving sanction to the importation of slaves, and I cannot but anticipate with singular pleasure that such persons as may be in that unhappy condition which sound policy and humanity unite to condemn, added to their own pei*sonal protection from all undue severity, by the law of the land, may from hence- f" The First Parliament of Upper Canada. 17 forth look forward with certainty to the emancipation of their ortspring." CJreat Britain passed lier anti-slavery bill in IfS.S^ : the United States in 1805; Brazil in 1871. Upper Canada set them alt a noble example a century ago. The dual language, as well as other debatable (juestions with which we of I8!);iare faniiliar, ha^.:r^ -■>•>- CHAPTER II. THE FIRST PARLIAMENT HUILlUN'(i,S IN F.n TLE VOHK. 179G ISia I HE change of the seat of (iovenunent from Newark to York was decided upon after much thought and con- sideration. Newark was found to be unsuitable for many reasons, but chiefly on account of its dangerous nearness to the American frontier, tlie original British fort, which was on the south side of the river, having been given up to the United States. During the early summer of 179Ji, therefore, Simcoe, accompanied by several boats, which ccntained his suite and other officials, his Executive Council, and a detach- ment of the Queen's Rangers, cruised around the head of Lake Ontario for the first time, until he weighed anchor opposite *he old French fort, which was the only habitation besides a few wig- wams of Indians who were temporarily camped on this their ancient camping grounds. The Governor soon decided to make this, the site of the present city of Toronto, his capital ; though he had previously made tem- porary choice of the site of the present city of London, on the banks of the Thames, which was then known as La Tranche. He spent the winter of 1794-5 in the nascent capital, engaged in perfecting plans for the village, living in a tent which had a history of its own, as it had once belonged to Captain Cook, the famous Yorkshire navigator. In the .spring of 1794, hewn logs, immense beams, shingles, planks, and scantling prepared in the adjoining woods were strewn along the shore, with irregular heaps of stone and a few bricks for the chimneys. In July of that year, the Canada Gazette, the first paper published in 19 50 O'ntarioH Purlhoncvf liuildivijH. 'in i tin' now I'roviiico, contained an advcrtiHenit'iit which luiefly read : " Wanted, carprnteiH for the pultlic l>uildin^ to ho erecte«l at York. Ap])licHtion.s to Ix) niadu to John Mc(*iir, ENq., at York, or to Mr. Alhui McNah, at Navy Hall (Newark)." Thus Were tln' I'ouiuhitions l)ein/^ hiid for the first h'giHlative huildin^ to he erected in this Province, and which were completed in 1 79(1. The site of this old-tini(> structure was on a small piece of cleared land hut a stone's throw from the waters of the hay to the south, and the forest to the north and east, while not far to the west there stood a ^rove of fine oak trees — •a renuiant of the original forest, and an irregular road led to it from Castle Frank, on the hanks of the Don. This road now forms Parliament-.strect. The ground wjis covered with finely grown timher and the spot had a nohle aspect. The buildings faced westward and commanded a full view of the harbor in that direc- tion. The swamps in the rear were evidently screene the session of 1708, the absentees were so numerous that, after excusing some on account of illness, three were left who received the formal censure of the House— TinK)thy Thompson, Thomas Smith and Thomas McKee — " who, in not having attended their duty in Parliament, are highly' reprehensi- ble," and notice was given them that if they did not attend their duty more religiously in future a tine would he imposed on them. The same House passed a bill providing " for the ex- penses of the members while attending their service in Parliament. " The public accounts of that year mention £50 as the sum to " reimburse twelve mend)ers their travelling expenses." Another address by Rtissell during this session contained a ref- erence to Great Britain that is inteiesting in view of the Home Rule question : " It is with the sincerest pleasure that I announce to you an event of the utmost importance which has lately taken place in Europe. I mean the union of Great Britain and Ireland. The British nations are now entirely consolidated, and all that seemed wanting to make them all that they are capable of being is attained. Everything that was partial, everything that was local, everything that could recall the recollection that those whom nature intended to be one were distinct, is done away, and the most intimate union is established on the justest and most liberal principles." Russell acted as President of the Legislative Council and Ad- ministrator during three sessions of this second Parliament, and until the arrival, in the latter year, of Peter Hunter, who in turn directed the Administration until 1805. In his absence Chief Justice Elmsley was one of a committee who performed the dutii 8 of the office. During these few years \ ork steadily grew. Governor Hunter was followed by the Hon. Alexander Grant as President, till Francis Gore aiTived froni England as the newly- appointed representative. Like Simcoe, as well as most of his fliKJoessors, Gore was essentially a soldier-governor, but he differed B 26 D'ularios Parlimneni Haildriufs. from Siiiicoe in possessing an unbending nature and a tenacity of purpose with which he tried to plant old- world idean in new- world soil. Having obtained leave of absence, Gore sailed for Kngland in 1811, leaving the (loverninent in the hands of Sir ls»ac Brock as President and Adniinisti'ator. Not returning to Canada un- til the close of lr/>: 27 AuiericauH, under General Dearborn, reached the shores of the little town, having crossed the lake from Saekett's Harbor. The American force burned all the public buihlings, including the jtarliamentbuihlings erected in 1790, and which, therefore, had u life of nearly seventeen years. It is said that when the Americans entered the Legislative Chamber, before ap[>lying the torch to it, they found a human scalp suspended directly over the Speaker's chair. It was regarded as a choice trophy, and was pre- sented to General Dearborn, who passed it on to the Secretary at Washington. The startling prize, however, idtimately turned out to be but a periwig or othcial peruke left behind by its owner, who it is presumed, as well as hoped, had one to take its place. The loss of the legislative buildings was small compared to the loss of the library, and all the state papers and records, which were destroyed. The Americans only remained in occu- pation for four days, the troops re-embarking in their Hotilla of fourteen vessels for their return voyage to Fort Cieorge. An aged resident of Ottawa, Mrs. Seymour, is able to call to memory the burning of the parliament buildings, and all the stirring events connected with the capture of the little settle- ment. Sixteen annual sessions were held in these pioneei- buildings before their destruction. The comparative harmony and absence of pai*tisan spirit that characterized the first Newark par- liament, unfortunately ended with that parliament, for party strife and its consequent bickerings then began to make its appearance. An interesting light is thrown on the legislative life of the period mentioned by the Hon. Richard Cartwright, who for twenty-three years was a member of the Legislative Council, he being, as will be remembered, one of the original appointees in 1792. During the session of 1801 the election of a Speaker gave rise to cf .ior- dan's Hotel, several .succeeding sessions were held in a residence, occupied in after years by Chief .lustic*' Draper, known as The Lawn, and which stood at the north-west corner of Wellington and York -.streets. It w»is hidden from the public view by a fence and a row of old trees, including a huge weeping willow. In September, 1815, (iore returned from Kngland and again assumed the reins of government, Jordan's name l)eing among those affixed to an "a M Q o o The Second Parliament Baildimis. '.U eration of the rising and future generations, while tlie wisdun* of your determination to leave the regulation of Conmiei'cial Duties and Drawbacks to His Majesty's Executive Government of this Province, until the Imperial Parliament decides upon them, cannot be called in question." The session of 1817 was the last over which Sir Francis Ciore had jurisdiction. Among the first of the motions to be passed was one which throws a side light on the relations between the House and the Governor, when they demanded from the latter " the rights and privileges of this House as amply as they are enjoyed by the House of Commons in Great Britain." In his last address to his Parliament, Gore claims that the Unite:ens and burgesses" who formed the assembly to replace that sum, and to increase it for the same object, to all of which his dutiful subjects acceded. The closing address of the Administrator reveals iiicieasing signs of friction between the Upper and Lower Houses. When he called them together he said it was in full expectation that they would assiduously labor to bring up any arrears of public business, and he regretted the more to have experienced disap- pointment, and " finding no probability of any concert between the two Houses," he concludes : ' I come reluctantly to close the session with its business unfinished. 1 do most earnestly entreat you to weigh well, during the recess, the important efiects oi* such a disunion, and that you may meet resolved to conciliate '*iiiiiif"Prj , 84 Ontario's Parliament Hinldivfjs. and hv useful." The Journals of IHIS contain a .series of reso- lutions that passed between the two Houses as to their respec- tive functions and assumption of powers and privileges which makes interesting reading even though the anomaly lias long since l»een discarded. In replying to tlu- [legislative Council, tlie Asfeemhly asserted that the resolutions of the former " excite emotions of the highest interest, being in their essence pregnant with principles subveraive of the exercise of the functions of the Representative Body of the People, nor would the House yield to the impression that it would ever be induced by weak example to compromise its undoubted and invaluable rights : " and as a further reply to the Upper Chamber, the incensed parliament- arians ordered reprinted in the Journals the openiii;' ."nd closing address of Simcoe, at the first session of 1792, when he outlined the duties and privileges of the popular House. Harmony seems to have been restored by the next session, when the resolutions and counter resolutions above mentioned were ordered to be ex- punged from the Journals, and thus the hatchet was buried. Perhaps this magnanimous action was the result of the Lieuten- ant-! Jovemor's appeal to the members of both Houses, " to recol- lect the celebrity of their proceedings. These considerations, enlightened manners, and the beneficial influences of religion will no doubt regulate the intercourse between your august as- semblies,'' was the placatory tone which he used. A second session was convened on October 12th, 1818, when Sir Peregrine Maitland made his first appearance as the Kny^rs deputy, the cause assigned for the extra session being the to'a^ want of funds to meet the exigencies of the State. He sur- mised, however, that, in the course of their investigations into the wants of the Province, the members " would feel a just in- dignation at the attempts which have been made to excite dis- content and to organize sedition. Should it appear to them," he added, " that a Convention of Delegates cannot exist without danger to the constitution, in framing a law of prevention, your dispassionate wisdom will be careful that it shall not unwarily trespass on that sacred right of the subject by such a redress of his grievances by petition." I J I The Seroncf Parlin/ment Buildi)>g». 35 M In the address in response the House stated that it was to be remeinbereeing the cause. The loss was estimated at £2,000. The furniture and library were fortunately saved, but some of the House journals were lost. In January of the following year, Parliament met in the old General Hospital, which stooetween King-street and Hospital- street (now Richmond- street) just west of the old Upper Canada College. The Hospital had the honor of being the most important building in the Province at that time. " It was two stories in height, of red brick, 107 feet long by (56 feet wide, with a flattish- hipped roof, a conveniently designed interio)', and recessed gal- leries on the north and south sides. It stood with its four sides facing precisely the four cardinal points of the compass." It has, it is needless to say, long since disappeared. The three succeeding .sessions, viz., of 1825-0, 1827 and 1828, were held in the Hospital, a vote of £100 being made annually for its use, which the Home District was called upon to pay The urgent need of the Hospital for its original purpose caused another change, the old Court House, which occupied, with the gaol, the block liordered by King, Church, Court and Toronto-sts being fceiected as the temporary home of the Legislature during the sessions of 1829, 1830, and 1831-2, when the new buildings on Front-street wei'e ready for occupancy. In the journals of 1831 appears an iten. of £108 17s. Id. for expenses incurred in using the Court House for the accommodation of the Legislature for the tw(> previous sessions. The four sessions lield in the second Parliament Buildings were turbulent in spirit, though important in results. As Dr. Scadding i 38 (hitarioH Parliament UalldiiKjs. suyH : " Here it wa.s the tirst Hkiriiii«lu's took placr in the great war of principles which afterwards with such deteriiiination and effect was fought out in Canada. Here it was that first loomed up before the minds of our early law-makers the ecclesiastical question, the educational question, the constitutional question. Here it was that tirst was heard the open discussion, childlike, indeed, and vague, but pregnant with very weighty consequences, of topics, social and national, which, at the time, even in the parent state itself, were mastered but by few. " The chief cause of bitterness and animosity was the heated election trials, the House forming itself into a Contested Election Court. Early in the session of 1821, a petition was })re8ented to the House in connection with the election of Barnabas Bidwell as Member for Lennox and Addington, in which the })etitioners held that " his character was such as to renJer him utterly unwoi'thy of the high honor of sitting in your august House," based on an alleged misapplication of public funds M'hen he was a resident of Massachusetts ten years before. The House thereupon constituted itself an election court, as has been said, with the result that Bidwell was allowed to retain his s,iat ; indeed, his eloquent advocacy of his own case no doubt had much to do with the decision of the members. But those opposed to him finally tri- umphed in the passage of a Bill " to render ineligible to a seat in the Commons House of Assembly of this Province, certain descrip- tions of persons therein mentioned," which accomplished the expulsion of the elected Member, who, however, had the satisfac- tion of seeing his son, Marshall Spring Bidwell, elected in his stead. The latter, however, had an even more stormy experience when, on a new election being held, the returning officer refused to accept any votes for him, on the ground that he was an alien. Another protest and election followed, and young Bidwell was elected for the third time (an experience not unlike that William Lyon Mackenzie went through years aftei), continuing to sit in Parliament for eleven successive years. The debates of the quartette of sessions from 1820-4 were also but samples and forerunners of the acrimonious discussions that have been heard in the old Front-street buildings. Attorney- The Secoml Podioment Buildinyn. 89 (uuieial Robinson is described aHexhihitin^ " »i iicrlVct whirlwind of rage and fiery indignation" in ilealingwith the ease of Barna- baH Bidwell, an exaniph' which others, no donbt, followed on both sides of tlie Horse. Clianges in public opinion were, however, as rapid as they were radical. The "Gagging Bill," of 1.S19, as " the Act to prevent certain nu-etings within the Province, ' was called, was repealed in 1820, and the Act of 1821, already referred to, ainie, chiefly after the election of 1824, who have received the title of Fathers of R«'foi m '" from their Liberal successor — John Rol])h, Captain John Matthews, Peter Perry, John Wih,.on, William Lyon Mackenzie, Robert Baldwin, and many others, who waged many an oratorical battle with their antagonists on the Consi'rvative benches, in the days when the House met in the old Hospital and Court House. VV^ith the first vith acclamations." The mover of the original motion made another effort to put his motion, "that It IS not the opinion of this House, that parliamentary usage warrants the huzzaing in a tumultuous manner by the members standing up in their place and waving their hats, and that this House will hereafter consider as irregular and disorderly such a mode of expressing their opinions or feelings." Such resolutions read oddly in these latter days, when the passage of a famous bill makes a "famous scene" for the historian, and when "tumul- tuous huzzaing " is indulged in to the full. r |S^S5^fiS8WSI?'SSf n if CHAPTER IV. THE INCEPTION AND ERECTION OF THE OLD PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS ON FRONT STREET. ( i 1826-1832. , HE first step toward the erection of the Parliament Buildings that stand on Front-street, was taken in the session of 1825, when three Commissioners were appointed by the Upper and Lower House to deal with the question, the result being that as a preliminary step they " resolved to offer by public advertisement a sum of money as a reward for the most approved plan, elevation and design for the required buildings." Many handsome architec- tural designs were, according to the report of the Commissioner, submitted, the premium being awarded to a Mr. Nixon. Later, four plans and estimates were put in by Nixon himself, and by Baldwin, Ford, and Ewart. The following year, 1826, the matter was advanced by the passage of an Act " to authorize the rais- ing by debenture a sum of money to be applied in erecting build- ings for the use of the Legislature." The Hon. William Allan, William Thompson and Grant Powell comprised the Commission. An architect named Rogers afterward tendered a plan and esti- mates for the erection of the buildings for a sum between £6,000 and £7,000. He was thereupon asked to reduce his estimate to £4,000, but £5,300 was the lowest figure he could be induced to name. This auiount was still deemed too large by the Legislature, and it came to the conclusion, by a resolution passed during the session of 1828, " That the sum voted by the Legislature for the erection of public buildings is insufficient to defray the ex- 42 3ti- )00 to to I > "I m yU ' iJt!..' 'ill "tn^i -'"M nd §. p. I ca o 5 3 «♦ ft" (D << »9 •o •a er of stays. The Chamber, t of the city, and others again in the distant west. The Eiecin^e Council officers were quartered with the Law Departi 'ent^ the Provincial Secretary's Department, and the office of the Governor- General, in the old hospital, which stood in the rear of an orchard near the corner of King and John-streets. This same building, by the way, was Sir John A. Macdonald's headquarters during that Parliament, and it was there also that George Brown's cele- brated two-days' administration held its deliberations during its brief but memorable existence. Immediately after the prorogation of the session of 1859, tlie Departments were removed to Quebec where they remained for six years before being permanently removed to Ottawa. Since Confederation, the old buildings have been even more inadequate to accommodate the Departments than in 1856, and various out- side buildings have been called into requisition. The Departments of the Attorney-General, Registrar-General, Division Courts and Immigration, were housed for some years in the building on the corner of York and Wellington -sti*eets, known as York House, and formerly occupied by Judge Hagerman. The Public Works. Department found temporary quarters in a building on Welling- ton-street near York-street, the Department of Agi'iculture and Bureau of Statistics were stationed at the corner of Yonge and Queen-streets, and the Board of Health on Yonge-street. Now, however, all the Departments are under the one roof, with tlie exception of the Education Department, which still remains at the Normal School buildings. On many occasions, the Chamber and Legislative Council room have been the scene of brilliant balls, held under the patronage of Government House. The old legislative Chamber was the scene of many a ball, where gathered the wealth and beauty of Ontario's capital. But the most successful event of this nature 52 Ontario's Parliament Buildings. was held in the charred ruins of the old Governrnert House, the burnt walls being covered with flags and banners, and the sum- mer sky serving as the only roof. The scene is described as being beautiful in the extreme. Nor have the old buildings been the home only of legislators, soldiers, judges, professors, and other classes of beings in human and visible form, but strange tales have reached me of j^'hostly visitors and occupants, who seem to have acted, as bad ghosts sometimes do, in a highly reprehensible manner. Certainly no flitting spirit could ask for a more suitable haunt than the cave- like cells in the basement, the dark and narrow corridors, with their bewildering twists and turns, or the dusty, echoing upper chambers. When the building was used as an insane asylum, one of the female patients committed suicide by hanging herself from a hook in the wall of the basement, and it was quite con- sistent, therefore, chat for years, on dark and stormy nights, she should haunt the spot where the tragic deed was committed. The spirit of the poor demented suicide is said to have had a rival in a sister ghost, who, clad in white, with her hair stream- ing loosely over her shoulders, stole silently through the subter- ranean aisles. Another female spirit, with a checked dress thrown over her head, chose the western cottage for her midnight meanderings — a building which was then used as the dissecting room, which piobably accounts for a pile of human bones unearthed near it a few years ago. The old office of the Queen's printer had an odd upper story or gallery, dust-covered and full of echoes, where a soldier-ghost was wont to parade in full regimentals. He displayed a com- inendable gallantry in thus choosing a quiet corner for himself, and not trespassing upon the preserves of his spectral companions. But his choice of locality may have been determined by the col- lection of arms and accoutrements that adorned the walls and ceiling, belonging to the late John Notman's museum, among which he would naturally feel at home. Less tangible and more mysterious were the denizens of the reporters' room at the rear of the eastern gallery. All that is The Parliament Buildings in (liferent R(Ues. 53 known of these was told by a night watchman, who after one midnight visit could never again be induced to enter the room alone. He hinted vaguely of knockings and noises, heavy breathings from unseen forms and other disconcerting manifesta- tions. Who knows how many phantom parliaments, where de- parted legislators met once more in wordy conflict, were dis- turbed by the erratic actions of the other uncanny occupants of the old buildings. On two occasions the buildings have narrowly escaped destruc- tion by fire. In 18()1 a fire occurred in the east wing and in July of 1 8G2 the roof of the west wing was entirely destroyed in the same way. Fire has indeed played havoc with many of our parliament buildings. Besides their destruction in 1813, and again in 1824, the parliament buildings at Montreal were com- pletely destroyed in 1849, while the Dominion buildings at Ottawa have had more thaii one narrow escape. A bank /obbery is also among the memories of the old build- ings, in the days when a branch of the Bank of Upper Canada was opened in what is known as the Speaker's Rooms. Just how much was stolen on that occasion is not known, but the most re- markable feature of the case is, so it is said, that the window glass was cut from the innide. Mention should be made of Mrs. Bilton, who for many yearf^ kept a confectionery stand In the corridor, near the main entrance, and wiiom the members of the old Legislature will well remember. If she could have carried the " sweets of office " in stock, her business might have been even more thriving than it was. The history of the various maces used in the dift'erent parlia- ments of the province is a most interesting one. The first one was made of pine or fir, painted red and gilded, and was used by Simcoe when the first parliament was convened in Niagara. It was afterward included among the spoils of war captured by the Americans in 1813 in Toronto, and is still to be seen, with a British ensign captured at the same time, in the U. S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md. All trace has been lost of the one used after the American war, but upon the union of the Canadas Parliament ordered the purchase of a new mace, which was pro- I s. I |Ni ' Ontario's ParliaTnent Bv/Udings. cured in 1845 at a cost of £500 sterling. It is described as a fac- simile of that in the British House of Commons, and it, too, has had a stirring history. Three times it has been rescued from the flames, and during the Montreal riot it again narrowly escaped destruction. It would seem to have a charmed life. The mace used in the Ontario Legislature at present was procured by the Sandfield-Macdonald Government, and is made of copper and richly gilded. Its cost, however, was only $200. The following dates will best illustrate the varied history of the old buildings : 1826. — First sum voted for their construction. 1829.— Tenders invited. 1832-41. — Occupied by the Legislature of Upper Canada. 1839. — Used temporarily by the Court of Queen's Bench for its sittings. 1846. — Utilized for university and medical school purposes, in connection with King's College. 1848-9. — Occupied as an asylum for the insane. 1849-51. — Sessions of Parliament of the united Provinces. 1856-59. — Parliament of the united Provinces. 1861-67. — Utilized as military barracks. 1867 to 1892. — Sessions of the Ontario Legislature. te- as he ed .ce he nd of or in I I i 11 /fft^wiPVj GO « OB s o n 00 s « 3 I 4k, CHAPTER VI. ■:M i « s o » 00 s > 3 I •I FAMOUS SCENES IN THE OLD CHAMHElt. 'F all the famous scenes witnessed in the old Parliament Buildings were to be chronicled, a very large volume would be required to contain the record, for, while warring spirits produced friction and keen contests for supremacy in earlier days, it is probable that no legislative chamber has witnessed stormier scenes or heard more animated, if not acrimonious, debates than the old home of Ontario's Parliament. It is therefore possible here to refer to only a few of the notable scenes connected with the Front-street building, and a commence- ment may well be made with the exciting incidents arising out of the burning in effigy of Sir John Colborne in Hamilton during an early session. Out of the investigation to which it gave rise came ultimately the imprisonment of Sir Allan McNab for "high contempt aiad breach of the privileges of the House," in refusing to answer the questions of the Committee of Privileges relative to the burning in effigy of the Lieutenant-Governor. "The House having learned with astonishment and indignation that some evil-disposed persons did on the night of the 29th of last month, at the town of Hamilton, in the Gore District, unwar- rantably and maliciously exhibit a libellous representation of our present Lieutenant-Governor," Sir Allan was summoned to the Bar of the Houseonthe 19thof February, where, afterexamination, he was, by a resolution moved by William Lyon Mackenzie and seconded by Jesse Ketchum, " committed to the gaol of York dur- ing the pleasure of this House." Two votes of the House were taken at different times to liberate him, but both were negatived. 56 56 Ontario's Parliament Buildings. He was finally given his liberty on the 2nd of March, after hav- ing been imprisoned for fourteen days. This episode had the effect of suddenly bringing the future baronet into prominence. Being treated as a martyr, his fortune was thereby materially advanced, one of the result:', being his election to the Assembly in the following year. The Honorable H. J. Boulton. Solicitor- General, was also called to the bar of the House, but escaped imprisonment by offering to answer questions. The most impressive and astonishing part of the scene was the administering of a most mild and kindly admonition by Boulton's old-time opponent, Marshall Spring Bid well, when everyone expected a severe attack. Another of the features of the investigation was the summon- ing of William Jarvis, Sheriff of the Gore district, to the bar of the House, " to give evidence upon the outrage and to produce the effigy connected therewith, or such parts thereof as are in his possession." One has only to picture the scene of the exhibi- tion of remnants of an unpicturesque caricature before an assem- bly, grave and solemn, as investigators should be, to see a ludi- crous side to it, especially in view of the report of the .''pecial committee, " that the circumstance called ' the Hamilton outrage ' was altogether unworthy the public notice which has been drawn to it by the exaggerated reports of the Oore Gazette, and that the persons who committed the offence have been so few in number as still to elude detection." The burning in effigy of William Lyon Mackenzie in Gait, a few years later, called for no such formal investigation. The decade of years preceding the uprising of 1837 were the most turbulent in the parliamentary history of the province, and nearly every session witnessed many a debate where vitupera- tion and invective were the chief weapons. The stormiest of all " the stormy petrels " of that time was un- doubtedly William Lyon Mackenzie. Soon after entering the political arena in 1829, he carried the warfare which he had been conducting in his paper, into the Legislative Chamber. In order to rid themselves of such a thorn in the flesh, the Government revived an obsolete rule, which forbade the unauthorized publi- I F(tmou8 Scenes in the Old Cli'imhcr. 57 t S I bo o ■a 4> I I I: 09 •c cation of reports of parliamentary proceed in|:f8. Tlio ugitation for Mackenzie's exclusion fioui the House commenced a.s early us the session of 1831. Motion after motion, made by Mackenzie, Im-ii^ht from Attorney-lieneial Boulton speeches of a very bitter tone, but "tiie little mannikin from York," as he was called, con- tinued to annoy and harrass the Government in a manner never before dreamed of. The attempted revenge of the Government came during the following session. By this time the Reform party had a following in the House which materially strengthened their hands, among the number being Dr. Rolph, Marshall Spring Bidwell, Dr. Morison and others, in time they controlled the Assembly, but the Executive exercised the veto power when- ever they deemed it nticessary. But in Mackenzie they liad an opponent whose restless spirit kept the Chamber in a state of excitement and occasional uproar. He, however, found a stout foe in Sir Joiin Colborne, a man described as " a rigid absolutist and strict disciplinarian." It is not to be wondered at that the family compact were in bitter hostility to Mackenzie who, through the medium of his paper, called them " touls of a servile power," declared " he would rather work foi- his bread than sub- mit to the ollicial fungi of the country, more numerous and pes- tilential than the quagmires and marshes that encircle Toronto." He also had petitions sent to the House, made numerous charges against the Executive, and started on a new line by investigating the public accounts. His utterances were regarded by the Ex- ecutive authorities as " gross, scandalous and malicious libels," and a charge of breach of privilege was ultimately made against him. After making a defence on the lines that the House had no jurisdiction in prosecutions for libel, he withdrew from the Chamber. A number of motions and amendments were voted upon, when the House, by a vote of twenty-four to fifteen, de- cided to expel him. This precipitated a series of the stormiest scenes ever witnessed in the historic old building. Petitions poured in, signed, no doubt, by Mackenzie's friends, praying the Lieutenant-Governor to dismiss a House " tainted with the worst vices of judicial partiality." The privilege of petition was apparently largely taken advan- D ii 68 Ontarios Parliament BaUditKjs. tafre of judging by the long lists published in the Journals of the House at that time. For instance, during this session of 1831 they numbered 200, increasing us the popular discontent increased, to over 600 in 1880 and 1837, and 750 in 1857. In fact, they form a comparatively correct index of the unrest that then existed. The expelled member was re-elected on the 2nd of January, 1832. His friends carried him through the streets in triumph, via Government House to the Parliament Buildings, where they halted amid loud cheers and much confusion from the thousands attracted by the unusual scene. Entering the House he stood at the bar waiting to be sworn in, surrounded by a crowd of sympathizers. A motion to expel him a second time was met with hisses. At length, the surging mass of men that filled the galleries and corridors, forced the outer doors of the House, and took possession of every available space. He was, however, again expelled on a new charge, that he had deliberately repeated in the Advocate the libellous statement that " the present House was an assembly of sycophants," although the main phra.se which offended his opponents was, that " they were a band of public rob- bers." On leaving the chamber, the hero of the hour in the eyes of his followers addressed the latter, when cheers were given for William IV., Earl Grey and the Reform ministry. The proces- sion of sleighs reformed and conducted the new member to his home. Fearing serious outbreaks. Sir John Colborne had the articles of war read for several days to the regiment, and one of the members of the House, Mr. Thomson, gave notice of an address to the King, praying him to remove the seat of Govern- ment to some more safe and convenient position where they would not be daily liable " to be annoyed, insulted and overawed by a mob so ignorant or infatuated as to become the ready tools for executing every species of violence and outrage to which any political demagogue may choose to incite them." Mackenzie was re-elected by a vote of 628 to 96, the voting taking place at the Red Lion Hotel on Yonge-street. The turbu- lent spirit assumed threatening proportions. Scores of meetings were held, and petitions were signed and sent to the King and the I. f u Fdmoua Scenes in the Old Clunnher, 59 Imperial Parliament, praying for redress of grievances. While Mackenzie was in England for the purpose of presenting the peti- tions in person, the Legislature of 1833 once more expelled him. The old story was repeated of his re-election, and so the battle went on. After his election in December, 1833, another great crowd followed their leader in his attempt to enter the House and take his seat. Sir Allan MacNab was hissed from the gallery, whereupon the Speaker ordered it cleared. The Sergeant-at-Arms (David MacNab, a brother of Sir Allan), also ordered Mackenzie to leave. MacNab drew his sword when Mackenzie said, " Don't touch me, I am prepared to take the oath." Still standing his ground, the custodian of the mace seized the recalcitrant member and tried to draw him toward the door, but a stalwart Highland friend of the little Scotchman interfered. By this time the ex- citement was at fever heat, and the populace attempting to take possession of the Chamber, possibly for the novel purpose of bodily routing the thirty-five members, the inner door was bolted and barricaded. Great confusion reigned in the lobbies and galleries. Some of the members fearing bloodshed, address- ed the crowds, when gradually the uproar died down and a truce was called. Mackenzie's re-expulsion the next day brought forth another shower of petitions to the Lieutenant-Governor. A few days after, the redoubtable contestant again entered the House, wearing the gold chain and medal that had been presented ta him by his admirers, and took his seat, only to be ejected thr6e times by the vigilant Sergeant. As before, dense crowds wit- nessed the scenes from the galleries. Finally, Mackenzie left the House, and Toronto remained without one of its members for nearly a whole Parliament. The acrimony that distinguished the debates appeared in the press of that day. One paper, in reporting the proceedings of the session of 1831, thus referred to Mr. Mackenzie ; " Mr. Mac- kenzie brought up to the House as many documents as could be packed in a common wheelbarrow, and entertained honorable members by what he called a speech on the Kingston bank bill for the period of about six hours and a half, during which he addressed the Speaker with, Yes, sir ; No, sir ; Then, sir ; Now, sir, mum r 60 Ontario's Parliament Buildings. 555 times." In another issue, the same paper (the Canadian Freeman) refers to him as William Lie-on Mackenzie, the mounte- bank, ' who begins m feel his consequence among small people and to swell, like the frog in the fable, with pomp and vanity- This emporium of political villainy, this squib scribbler, this heavy curse upon the public, little Mackenzie, has been raised from a prostrate baboon posture to assume the attitude of a man. The shameless fabrications of this lying knave, and his idle chat- tering this session, hp' cost the country as much as would mac- adamize most of the road from York to Newmarket ! We tell the people of Upper Canada to beware of the designing, hypo- critical faction and all their tools. If not closely watched they will yet overturn the liberties of the country." The choice of Marshall Spring Bidwell as Speaker in 1835 was another occasion for an exhibition of extreme party feeling. The Solicitor-General denounced him as totally unfit to occupy that high and dignified situation. Thereupon Mr. Perry, says the Recorder, " got on his props and talked against time with a good deal of success, and succeeded in convincing the House of the ex- cellence of his wind and the suppleness of his tongue." Sir Francis Bond Head (the • first purely civil Governor), arrived in Toronto while Parliament was in session in 1835. Con- ti'ary to all precedent, he visited the Upper House at once, called the Assemblymen to the bar of the Council-room, and there addressed them. The King had heard there were grievances to redresSj he said, and he had been sent out to redress them. This raised the hopes of the Keformei-s, who looked upon the new representative as an ally and a friend. Returning to the Assem- bly, Dr. Puncombe, then member for Oxford, moved for a Com- mittee of Privilege to enquire as to whether it was the correct thing for the King's representative to address them in the midst of Parliament. " That did the business," said an eye-witness of the scene to me. " The Governor turned against the Reform sec- tion, being greatly annoyed by the motion, and that was in fact the turning-point which led to the outbreak in 1837," The charg 3 against Sir Francis Bond Head that he was guilty of directing unconstitutional means during the elections of 1838, Famous Scenes in th& Old Chamber. 61 i i '%. produced materials for a bitter fight in parliament and in the press. One journal says : " We have before us the report of the committee who were carefully selected to whitewash His Excel- lency Sir Francis Bond Head. We expected it would be plausi- ble though false, but it tui'ns out to be false without the cumber- ous appendage of plausibility. It declares Sir Francis to be as pure as driven snow, and the House of Assembly and the Orange- men a leetle purer ! Whatever effect the report may have on Downing-' treet, every man, woman, and child in Canada will pronounce it from beginning to end one living lie. The trail of the serpent is over it all." No wonder Sir Francis, from his point of view, afterward wrote of Mackenzie as " a political mounte- bank," who " spoke, stamped, foamed, wiped his seditious little mouth, and then spoke again," and no wonder also that he writes, " On the 23rd of March ( 1 838), at noon precisely I pro- ceeded to Parliament Buildings to attend the swearing-in of my successor, and as soon as this important ceremony was over, bow. ing in silence, first to him and then to his Executive Council, I descended the stairs and found myself alone in the pure, fresh air. It was altogether to me a moment of overwhelming enjoyment and I could not help fervently muttering to myself, ' Thank God, I am at last relieved ! ' " The seventh report of the Grievance Committee — a formidable document, v/hich was afterwards sent to the Home Government — W88 another bone of contention that produced not a little vituperation in the House debates. In 1836 a general election was held, the Reformers being left in a decided minority, Macken- zie and several of his co-workers suffering defeat. A new parlia- ment assembled on the 8th of November, the Government strength being irresistible. During this session Dr. Rolph, who was a new addition to the Opposition, made the speech of his life in favor of selling the clergy reserves and applying the proceeds to educational purposes ; but his motion was defeated. The session terminated amid a scene of disorder, based on the project of uniting Upper and Lower Canada. A number took part in the debate amid frequent interruptions, when Dr. Rolph rose to speak to a question of order. Strongly worded appeals r 62 Ontario' 8 Parliament Builclivgs. were made to the Speakei', and hard words were freely hurled between the excited members. Confusion and disorder reigned, until the Speaker announced the arrival of the Lieutenant- Governor. This put a stop to all further discussion, and in proroguing the parliament the Lieutenant-Governor congratulated the n\embers on the harmony of the session ! The visit of Lord Durham in 1838 was an important event of that day. He reached Toronto by boat, and thousands had gathered between the Front-street entrance of the Parliament Buildings and the bay to see and hear the Commi. sioner sent out by the Home Government. The vessel could be seen sailing around the Island, but instead of tui"ning through the western gap, it continued up the lake, to the wonder of the waiting throng. Returning at length, however, the boat entered the bay and landed its distinguished passenger, who proceeded to the Build- ings direct from the wharf. For nearly three hours the crowd had patiently waited, discussing the cause of the delay. It was some time after that rumor attributed the strange conduct of the Captain and the Commissioner to the fact that My Lord was in the act of preparing an elaborate toilet when the city was reached, and the captain was ordered to cruise around for an hour or two until the important operation could be completed ! Entering the Legislative Council-room, he there addressed the members of both Houses, and afterwards delivered a speech to the outside throng from the stone steps of the main entrance. The sessions of 1849-51 were also alive with stormy scenes among the political warriors of those days. Lord Elgin was Governor-General at the time, and although an unassuming, plain old gentleman, being often seen to walk arm-in-arm with his wife in the good, old-fashioned way, yet he never failed to uphold the dignity of his high office when opening or proroguing the House. On such occasions a gaily caparisoned four-in-hand drew the Vice-Regal coach, while a full complement of postilions attended to wait on His Lordship. When he made his first ap- pearance in Toronto a few hisses were heard amid the cheers, the burning of the Parliament Buildings in Montreal being still a disturbing question, V>ut public feeling was soon allayed. I! Sir John A. Macdonald ^ I FiUnuua Hcenen in the Old Ckambev. 63 % The session of 1850 witticHNod a series of keen (debates on the rild-tinie (|ilf^Ht-ion8 of the clergy reserves, the rebellion losses bill mid selgUDiiul Ii'IHIIch. Ihincor, virulence uiul iicriiiiony charac- jtirizcf) the sneeciieH. Uol, I'rince nioveii an aniendnient (which WI|,H voind (ffiWIII r'niiNlirlllU Mm exooufcjve for dinmissing from (lllJMH SMIIIH of tho sl^noi'W of th" /UiliOKdilo// Miatiifesto. Papineau, Nil- Alliui MncNfdi mid i/MmM' Mhi^mmhwH hiduighttjn pav- sonalities that eallswl iHIIHii iiUtiHHfili^ bxhihitions of temper, accompanied Avith shaking of fists and dire threats. This lasted I'mI' iJil'dt' nionlliH, hot flint tluMc was a great deal of legislative work [)erf()riiied,deHpite the acriiiiunioiiH Hpoech-making, is sliown by the fact that nearly 250 bills were introduced in the two houses, of whicli 145 refK/JverJ i}iG royal assent; 739 petitions were also presented and 84 select ('o////;dttees appointed, which made 10(5 reports. The Journals of 1851 confaht ofte of ihe earliest s^fifgestions of Confederation, Mr. Meri-itt moving tliat " an addre.ss he Sent /o the Queen to coir Idir flu: iMojccj, of a general confedei'/ith/fi of all the British North American [H'i>\'\Uili%" \iUii lii only secured seven votes. William Lyon Mackenzie reappeared In /'///llament during this session. His return from exile produced a conuixjtion, three successive atteiiipth liij||ij| made on his life at flm IntiidH of niol»s, which were only (fuelled by the calling out of the troops, but thtise were the last public displays against him. He continued to occupy a seat in the House for seven years, and finally ended his exciting and eccentric life 'in the 28th of August, 1801. The Parliament of 18o6-50 witnessed almost as many acri- monious debates as ihe sessions leading up to the troubles of 1837-38. The mo^t memorable, perhaps, was the attack of John A, M/icdonald,then Attorney-General, on George Brown, accusing liini of falsifying t(!sfcimony and suborning witnesses in connection with an old investigation regarding the Kingston Penitentiary. The member for Kingston is described as having electrified the House with Jiis tirade, " causing even the least scrupulous of parliamentary sharp-shooter.':, to stand aghast." The excitement became general and rose to white heat. The \ery atmosphere 64 Ontario's Parliament Buildings. ! ;■ of the assembly seemed to be charged with electricity, and the Speaker twice called the offenders to order. After the attack, which was a most bitter one, the accused member arose, " shivering with rage," and repelled the charge with a torrent of fierce words. As an outcome a special com- mittee, whose sittings lasted the greater part of the session, went thoroughly into the Attorney-General's charges, which were proved to be unfounded. The personal hostility between the two leaders arising out of this combat never fully died out. This was almost equalled during the same session by a scene between John A. and Colonel Rankin on a motion regarding the seat of Government, which nearly resulted in a personal collision. Mr. Macdonald had commenced the trouble by a very warm per- sonal attack on Rankin, the latter replying that his assailant was " a man totally lost to all sense of honor." In those days, duel- ling was just dying out, but the spirit of it so far lived that it was supposed the episode would lead to a personal encounter ; in fact the Speaker, fearing such a result, threatened to place the warring members under the custody of the Sergeant-at-Arms until their trouble should blow over. So far as the public has hitherto known, nothing passed between the principals, but I have reason to believe that some correspondence did pass be- tween them, having a settlement of their difficulty by the old- time code in view, but it all ended in correspondence. During all these sternly contested discussions and debates, Cab- inet dissensions were frequent. Sir Allan MacNab finally resign- ing. Two days after his resignation he was carried into the House, swathed in flannel, by two servants. A touching spectacle followed, when the old parliamentarian, addressing the House, but remaining seated in his chair, said, with emotion, that he had been a member of the House for twenty-six years, and that he had certain statements to make to his Ministers. " If I am supported by their voice, I shall feel that I am right ; if con- demned, I am ready to retire int<^> private life, and, perhaps, I am now fitted for little else." Bent with age, and " broken with the storms of state,'* the end of hi« public life had come, the survival of the fittest, in his di-splacer/K-nt by « younger man. Hon, Oeorge Brown. n 1 k Famous Scenes in the Old Chamber. 65 1 1 !i once again being clenionstratod. He remained a member for six years thereafter. The Tache-Macdonald administration was then foiinod, the MacNab ministry having been defeated on the Corrigan murder trial vote. The great debate of the sesHioii was tluit as to the seat of Government, which lasted for several days ; at one time the flood of oratory continuing for thirty-two consecutive hours. No wonder the occupants of the reporters' gallery of that time refer to the hard work they were called upon to perform. What would they have said, however, to one day's record of 106 speeches during the session of 182G ? George Brown, " who revelled in public tumult as the petrel does in the storm," produced a hot debate by reading a motion on the 27th April, 1857, declaring for representation by popu- lation. The next exciting event was the " double shuffle," of 1 858, which was ushered in as well as out of existence by unusually bitter displays of party feeling. The want of confidence motion in the Brown-Dorion Administration was fiercely debated till midnight, when the two-days-old Cabinet was defeated. This memorable session lasted for five months, the speech-making being extraordinary at least for length and ({uantity. Even in the Legislative Council, twenty-five out of twenty-eight mem- bers spoke on one subject. The question of protection to home industries first came up at this session. During one of the long debates of this period, when a great deal (A speaking against time was indulged in, Mr. McKellar a MY 0/ INSTITUTE. 74 Ontario' ff Parliament Build inga. Hanientjiry start*. Mr. W. H. Orr, then of the Oshawa Vindica- tor, now of Toronto, joined the staff later Mr. Penny, while a very fair shorthand writer, was one of the best men of his ut the reformo tliat emanated from tlie legiwhitoi-s l)elow them. A great advance upon the old (juarters in the Front-street Imilding is seen in the new building, where a deep gallery, run- ning across the southern end of the chamber, has l)een set apart for the use of the press, in addition to two adjoining rooms. In concluding this brief chapter it may be well to insert the names of those who compose the staff first using the new gallery. Empire.— H. Burrows, W. H. Dickson, P. F. Cronin and C. T. Long. Globe.— J. Kelso, George Simpson, J. E. Atkinson S. T. Wood. Mail. — Alex. Fraser, J. A. Currie, Alex. Smith, J. Jackson. Tfor^d—W. Wilkinson. Telegram.— John Robinson, Roden Kingsmill. New8.—A. M. Burns, Charles Ryan. Star. — Thomas Gregg, J. Hamilton. . I I "■ ; I Hon. G| A. Kirkpatrick, Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, 1893. CHAPTER VIII THE LIEUTENANT-GOVERXOHS AND THEIR HOMES. HE biographies of the seven men who occupied the L\^ Lieutenant-Governorship from 1792 to 1H41 — Simcoe, Hunter, Gore, Maitland, Colborne, Bond Head and Arthur — when read together, give a key-note to the ideas and policy of the English Government regarding their North American colony, and emphasi;'.e a fact that perhaps needs no emphasis, viz., that it is difficult for an executive in an old land, with long-established customs and precedents, to legis- late intelligently for, or control in the wisest manner, an adjunct of the British Empire three thousand miles distant. The prac- tice of rewarding men who had accjuired fame in connection witli the army, by appointing them to the Lieutenant Governorship of Upper Canada did not conduce to the best results for the new pro' * Rt As a rule, the soldier-governor was not only out of toucn with the citizen-settler, but the attempt of the former to set up a sort of court di' Ohauvin "■'ICapUlnPontvrave... 1608 Captain 8. de Ohampiain 1030 Sieur Montmacny, HI7 " -■■■-• ' lOSO 1067 ion loes loes DallelMut De i^-6!. I Hon. Edward Blake. f CHAPTER IX. I THE " PRIVILEGES " OF THE HOUSE. VER 3ince the day the first parliament was evolved from the rude conditions of feudalism, the members thereof have observed a Ltern jealousy of their " privileges, " as they have been termed — a jealousy so stern and implacable, in fact, as to cause many an offending commoner and citizen to lament his attempt to infringe upon them or to dispute their right of existence. The parliamentarians of our own Upper Canadian Legislature were no less watchful of these sacred and vested rights. Before the second session of tin first Parliament had been prorogued in 1793, Sheriff Sheehan, of the Niagara District, was made a sub- ject of censure by the House for having served a writ of nipiafi upon a member " contrary to his privilege," and the offending officer was only excused from having to appear at the bar of the House, to be further dealt with, from a conviction that want of reflection, and not contempt, had made him guilty of such a marked infringement upon the aforesaid " privileges." Iha Sherifi' of the Home District and his deputy had a nar- row escape from perpetrating a similar error in 1812, when, at the instance of William Warren Baldwin, a barrister, they were asked to serve a writ of capias on Alexander McDonell, the member for Glengarry, and also the Speaker. Thereupon all con- nected with the " outrage " were summoned before Parliament. Baldwin audaciously insisted that a member of the House was not entitled to the privilege of non-arrest, as it was a House of Assembly only, and not a House of Parliament. John Small, Clerk of the Crown, who administered the oath (taken by a Mrs. Jordan), pleaded ignorance of his error and prayed for pardon, 87 8S Oiitarios Parlutment Buildings. but dismissal was tho penalty meted out to him. Baldwin, it seems, came under the direct control of the Legislative Council iis Master in Chancery, and forfeiture of his office was his share of the penalties, but after a few days Baldwin was restored to office at the request of the Assembly, the members feeling, no doubt, that he had had a salutary lesson. If the members of the two Houses held strong opinions regard- ing their privileges, the Governors of the province were no less emphatic as to their exclusive rights. Simcoe, for instance, was in a constant state of conflict with Lord Dorchester, who was stationed at Quebec as the Commander of the North American forces. They not only differed as to the best means of serving the public interests, but Simcoe petulantly declared that " he understood neither His Lordship's military or civil views in re- spect to Upper Canada," and asked the Home Government to give him leave to act direct and independent of the Commander- in-Chief ; but this request was refused, while many of Simcoe's ambitious and progressive schemes for the betterment of the province were either ignored or decided against. Writing direct to Dorchester, the incensed Governor of Navy Hall tells him that had he, Simcoe, known that all his views as to the public service were held to be erroneous and to be checked, he could not have held office ; and these differences of opinion only ended when Simcoe left Upper Canada for another sphere of labor. The House of 1806 had a complaint that the first and most constitutional privilege of the Commons had been violated in the application of moneys out of the Provincial Treasury to various purposes without the assent of Parliament, or a vote of the Com- mons House of Assembly. The latter memorialized the Lieutenant- Governor as follows : " To comment on this departure from con- stituted authority and fiscal establishment must be more than painful to all who appreciate the advantages of our happy Con- stitution, and who wish their continuance to the latest posterity ; but however studious we may be to abstain from stricture we cannot suppress the mixed emotions of relative condition ; we feel it as the representatives of a free people, we lament it as the subjects of a beneficent Sovereign, and we hope that you, in your I ■,- The " Privileffm " of the House. 89 'om- lant- con- J than ICon- Irity ; le we feel the 1 your relation to both, will more than sympathize in so extraordinary an occurrence. We beg leave to anrex hereto a schedule of the moneys so misapplied, amounting to six hundred and tliirteen pounds, thirteen shillings and sevenpence, and trust that you will not only order that sum to be replaced in the Provincial Treasury, but will also direct that no moneys be issued thereout in future without the assent of Parliament, or a vote of the Commons House of Assembly." The absence of members without sufficient reason from their parliamentary duties was looked upon by those in attendance with a disapprobation as marked as that manifested when a flagrant breach of privilege occurred or was suspected. More than half of the members of the first parliament of 1702 failed to respond to the summons to appear in Newark on the 17th of September of that year, but no special notice was taken of abs 3n- tees until the next session, when Christopher Robinson, Timothy Thompson, Richard Wilkinson, John McDonell, Thomas Smith, Thomas McKee and Mr. Hardison were severally named three times in succession without any of them appearing. The time had come to deal with a matter so serious. Robinson, Hardison and McDonell were, upon motion, excused on the ground of ill ness, but as to the otheiTS, the House went into committee of the whole to adopt proper measures for compelling their attendance. For many sessions thereafter the House felt itself called upon to deal with representatives who did not attend to their public duties, and investigations into the cause of non-appearance were frequently held. A new method of bringing the offenders to time was adopted in 1810, when the absentees were to be considered as being in the custody of the Sergeant-at-Arms, and were not to be discharged until they should pay the customary fees estab- lished in the Parliament of the United Kingdom in like cases, un- less they could show to the satisfaction of the House sufficient cause for their absence. This cure proved to be ineffective, and at last the exasperated House ordered medical attendants to ex- amine Benajah Mallory. Philip Sovereign, Joseplj Willcocks, John Roblin, and John and James Wilson, and report the state of their health to the Bar of the House, Doctors Richardson and Lee F rr 90 Ontario's Parliament Buildings. were assigned to this task, and reported that while one was really indisposed and unable to attend, the rest would be sufficiently re- covered to be present the following day, the inference being that the latter had been feigning illness. Another breach of privilege was that of which Robert Nichol was guilty in 1812. Nichol, as a road commissioner, fell foul of the House in the criticisms passed by the latter upon his work, and the expenditure of public moneys entrusted to him. Not only did he use words disrespectful to the House, but be was also ad- judged guilty of " making a false, malicious, and scandalous re- presentation to the person administering the Government, rela- tive to the proceedings of the House." Added to all this was the further denial of the right of the Assembly to commit an offender for an alleged breach of privilege. But committed he was for his " high contempt," and out of that action arose another insult to the House on the part of the Hon. Thomas Scott, Chief Justice, who liberated Nichol after the House had committed him and sent the Sergeant-at-Arms to Long Point, at a cost of £35, to arrest Nichol. So strong was the feeling aroused that the House petitioned the Prince Regent in reference to the action of the Chief Justice. It was about this same time that the Commons petitioned Governor Gore in reference to another insult offered not only to them, but to the whole country, by one John Mills Jackson, who appears to have been a disturbing pamphleteer. Their peti- tion read as follows : — To His Excellency, Francis Gore, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Upper Canada. May it please Your Excel- lency, We, His Majesty's dutiful and loyal subjects, the Commons of Upper Canada, in Parliament assembled, beg leave to assure Your Excellency of our approbation of Your Excellency's administra- tion of the government of this province, which, since your arrival among us, has increased in wealth, prosperity and commerce far exceeding our most sanguine expectations, aided by your wise and liberal exertions to promote the same. We should not in- trude upon Your Excellency at this time to express the general The " Privileges " of the House. 91 of jel- tar ise ih- ral h i Hentiment of the people of this province, did not we feel ourRelves called upon and impelled by a sense of that duty which we owe to our constituents, His Majesty's loyal subjects of this province, to you, sir, as administering the Government thereof, and to that august Sovereign whom we regard as the father of his people, only to express our abhorrence and indignation at a pamphlet now before us, addressed to the King, Lords and Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, containing in al- most every page the most gross and false aspersions on Your Ex- cellency and His Majesty's Executive Government, the House of Assembly, and the loyal inhabitants of this province, under the signature of John Mills Jackson, tending to misrepresent a brave and loyal portion of His Majesty's subjects. The Commons of Upper Canada, as the organ of the pople, consider the author and publisher of such false and libellous pam- phlets as a character endeavoring to alienate the minds of the unwary from His Majesty's Government, and to diminish the par- ental affection of His Majesty to his liege subjects in this pro- vince, which with gratitu le we proudly acknowledge to have ex- perienced an ample and abundant share of. In addressing Your Excellency we feel a satisfaction in repeat- ing our approbation of Your Excellency's administration of this Government, without entering into the details, which would exceed the bounds of an address. (Signed) Samuel Street, Sjteaker. Jackson was thereupon ordered, like all previous offenders, to the Bar, to answer to the charge laid against him. The Toronto public library recently secured copies of all of Jackson's pamphlets, with, strange to say, Shelley's autograph on the front page of each. In 1816 the Speaker of the House was the recipient of a special address from the members on the ground that he had entertained a high and just sense of the firm and dignified conduct required of a Speaker, inasmuch as they had had unprecedented difficulty in maintaining their rights and privileges. Even a Speaker who was master of conduct so " firm and dignified " could not appar- 1 i »t •.;TY s OiiLBOBOMGELiGS INSTITUTE. i 1 92 OntaHoa Parliament Buildings. . ently prevent trouble, for a motion was carried in the following session demanding from the Lieutenant-Governor the rights and privileges of the House, as amply as they were enjoyed by the House of Commons in Great Britain. The session of 1817 was an unusually protracted one, owing to the lengthy discussions of a case of breach of privilege, as well as two contested election trials. During the previous Parliament tlie district of Gore had been erected, with two electoral -divisions, the counties of Wentworth and Halton, but in the bill no provis- ion had been made for their representation. This oversight had to be amended after the House met, subsequent to the general election, and the session was twenty days old before the members elected for Wentworth and Halton were able to take their seats. Moses Gamble's election for Halton was protested on the grounds of his being an alien, Henry John Boulton, the defeated candidate, being the petitioner, and Gamble, after a hot fight, was unseated. The case of James Durand, member elect for Wentworth, was much worse than Gamble's. He had been a member from the Niagara District in the former Parliament, and in his address " to the independent electors of the county of Wentworth," printed in the St. David's Si^ectator, he made reference which was charged to be " a Breach of Privilege, in that it reflected grossly on the conduct of the late House of Assembly, and upon persons who were members of the present House." A motion to enquire into the matter was made immediately upon Durand's introduction to the Assembly, and the case took up the major portion of the session. In the address Durand had given a r^sum^ of the grievances of the people under martial law, which was, he claimed, unlawfully declared by Major-General de Rottenburg in 1813, from the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act, and the op- pression of the military. His denunciations of both measures and men throughout the addresss were scathing, and his disap- probation of his opponents stood out in marked contrast to his approval of himself. He finished his long arraignment by setting forth his own fitness as a representative in a style so remarkable, that though lengthy, it is worthy of being quoted as showing the nature of the campaign literature of that early day : u The " Privileges " of the House. 93 !\ "When your rights and liberties were in danger I never hid my iiead ; and as to tlie votes of money last year, had I opposed them I should only have been a scapegoat in the House. The mysteries of courts, and the various inti igues employed to gain favorite points are numerous. It would be novel and useless to develop them all. It is enough for you to keep a good watch- dog to guard your flocks from the hungry wolves. This I know, that the Hne of duty to you, which I have uniformly pursued, has obliged me to drop off exchanges of civility with many who I can in no other way have oflended than in differing with them on the score of politics. I have been settled in this province upward of fourteen years, without, I trust, any one to impeach my char- acter with spot or blemish. My abilities are not of the most in- ferior class ; you have seen me in various public points of view, at the head of a flank company of brave, gallant militiamen, whose services at the commencement of the war called forth pub- lic thanks in general orders after the battle of Queenston, and whom I hope I never disgraced. I was out on duty the very last time the enemy showed themselves, under McArthur. * You have seen me as President of Courts Martial, where I always tempered justice with lenity. You have seen me as Commis- sioner of Roads. If in any of these situations I have evinced anything unfriendly to the yeomanry of the country, you will know it. But no, fellow-subjects, 'twas impossible. Whilst I esteem you so much, I never could be false to you. I shall con- clude with the assurance that I am still the object of your choice. My unremitted endeavors shall be used for your in- terest and welfare. I shall stand firm in support of your rights and liberties, and in so doing, I conceive I give the best proof of my inviolable attachment to our glorious Constitution. The happiness of the people is the strength of the state, and their happiness consists in the absence of taxation, simplicity of! man- ners, and proper respect for religion, morality, and the laws of their country. Once more, then, my friends, I invite you to favor me with the honor of your suffrages ; and by a long, strong, bold pull at one time convince the tools of corruption that the path to the people's patronage is honest independent conduct." \m \ 94 Ontario's Parliament Buildings. The Committee of Privilege in Durand's cajse met and rose again and again, and at length the House received the report and passed the following resolution : " Resolved, that James Durand, a member of this House, is the author of an address published in the St. Catharines Spectator, of Feb. 14, and which was a false, scandalous and malicious libel." Being adjudged guilty, he was on motion sentenced to be committed to the com- mon gaol of the Home District during the session, a motion that he be called to the Bar of the House to make an apology, being defeated by a vote of 12 to 9, The Speaker issued his warrant, but when it came to be served, James Durand was not to be found. The day following the issuing of the warrant for his committal, a petition from Richard Beasley and other freeholders of the county of Wentworth was read in the House, setting forth that the name of James Durand did not appear on any assessment roll of the province, and that he was therefore ineligible to be their representative. This caused further enquiry, which was, however, ended by the expulsion from the House of the offending fugRive, for " high contempt of the authority of the House, and of a flagrant breach of its privileges." Notwithstanding all this, and an indictment for perjury against him by the Grand Jury, Durand was re-elected in 1818, and took a very active part in the sessions of that Parliament. Though so zealous of their privileges, the House sometimes showed great magnanimity when nothing was at stake, and did not stand out for the letter of their rights. In the session of 1817, when " An Act to prohibit the sale of goods, wares, wines, spirits, etc., on Sundays," was sent by the Assembly for the con- currence of the Council, which they passed with some amend- ments, the following motion was brought in : " That as the amendments made by the Honorable the Legislative Council to the bill for preventing the sale of spirituous liquors on Sundays, being a matter of form, and not in any wise interfering with the raising or disposing of any public money, this House will not in- sist upon its undoubted right to reject them, and that the said amendments be now read." In 1818 Mr. Robert Charles Home was called to the Bar of the I & The " PrivUegea " of the House. 95 House to answer to a charge of having infringed upon the rights and privileges of the House in having published a certain adver- tisement in his paper, the Upper Canada Oazette, headed " Sta- tutes of Upper Canada." Mr. Home acknowledged the publica- tion and an apology was demanded, which he straightway made, and that settled the matter. As the years went by, however, and new conditions were re- gulated and altered into precedents and the rights of both repre- sentative and commoner were recognized and settled, conflicts between Parliament and the people were less frequent, until to-day a breach of privilege is as rare as an infringement upon the jealously-guarded rights of the Legislature, n CHAPTER X. THE HONOR ROLL OF PARLIAMENTARIANS. J^\ HAT a very large percentage of the public men of a country are called sooner or later to represent the people in Parliament, is cleai-ly seen in the list of members to the Provir il Assembly from 1792 to 1892. With but few exceptions, all the leading men of Canada entered public life via " the bar of the House," and with ecjually few exceptions, nearly all who legislated for the province prior to Confederation have passed away. The survi- vors would hardly be sufficient in number to form a provincial cabinet. It may be well to take a passing though necessarily incomplete glance at the honor roll of distinguished Canadians who served as provincial legislators. As in the present day, the early parliaments had a large representation of professional men, the followers of Blackstone being probably in a majority. Thus, the list referred to com- prises nearly all the leading niembers of the bar, and the legisla- tive history therefore makes frequent mention of such old-time lawyers as Marshall Spring BidWell, William Hume Blake, Robert Baldwin, Judge Hagerman and others, and it is not to be won- dered at that the debates were often brilliant and eloquent when participated in by such accomplished orators. The bar, the judiciary and the legislature have always been closely connected, and it is not surprising that the list of Upper Canadian judges during the century contains a large number of names prominent in the parliamentary as well as the judicial history of the province, in fact, of the thirty-one mentioned in 96 A The^ Honor Roll of Purlhimentarunn*. 07 Rend'H "Lives of Upper Canada Judges," from 1792 to 1892, no leas than twenty were ineuibers either of the Legislative Council or the Assembly, some of the first judges occupying a seat in Parliament and on the bench dually. Chief Justice Osgoode, after whom Osgoode Hall was named, was a member of the Legislative Council, as were Chief Justices Elmaley and Scott ; Allcock and Thorpe were both judges and members ; Chief Justice Robinson was councillor and Attorney-Ceneral before he was promoted to the bench ; Chief Justices Draper and McLean were active members, as were Judges Hagerman, D'Arcy Boulton, Sherwood, Jonas Jones, Sullivan, John Wilson, Connor and O'Connor. Nearer our own time. Justice Joseph C. Morrison and Chief Justices Moss and Matthew Crooks Cameron were par- liamentary representatives. While the Union Act was in force, the Front street Chamber had among its occupants a group of brillfant and famous French Canadians — Sir A. A. Dorion, Sir Hector Langevin, Hon. Joseph Cauchon, Hon. L. V. Sicotte, Sir George E. Cartier, Mr, La- fontaine, Hon. Charles Alleyn, Hon. L. J. Papineau and others, and in the long-continued struggles between the Upper and Lower Canadian sections of the Assembly for the rights of their respective provinces, the membei-s from the sister province were well to the front in the old Chamber as leaders, speakers and debaters. Sir Antoine A. Dorion sat in the Toronto Chamber during the Parliament of 1855-9, and as a leader of the Rouge party of <5uebec, became Attorney-General of the famous Brown-Dorion administration before which he was Commissioner of Crown Lands. He became member of the Privy Council in 1873, and latterly ended a fruitful and noble life as Chief Justice of Quebec. Sir Hectci Langevin entered Parliament while it met in Toronto in 1857, and soon became a force in the House. Mr. Sicotte exercised a sppicial influence in connection with the clergy reserve question, became Speaker in 1854, was a member of the Tachfe-Macdonald Government, and also of the Cartier- Macdonald Administration. Cartier was another of the French- Canadian leaders, a man short of stature and " with an English « 98 Ontario 8 Parliament liuildivgp. tenii'i* ISiv ed age ly and yand IX. II 1 ' IJ Hon. Thomas Baliaatyne, Speaker of tli3 Legislative Assembly of Ontario, 1893. ^ ^ N CHAPTER XL Ik i< Institute. A NEW ERA AND A NKW BUILDING. ,HE hundred years of Ontario's history is naturally divisible into distinct eras or periods, the first being the initial parliament held at Newark, from 1792 to 1796; the second, connected with York's earliest par- liament building, from 1796 to 1813; the third, surrounding r^ and centreing in the second parliament building, from 1814 to 1832 ; the fourth, contained in the Front-street building, from 1832 to 1841, and the fifth, dealing with the union of the two provinces, between 1841 and 1867. The sixth and present era was inaugurated when Confederation became an accomplished fact in 1867, and Provincial Legislatures were again organized. The first Cabinet after Confederation was led by the Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald as Premier and Attorney-General, with the Hon. John Carling as Minister of Agriculture and Public Works, the Hon. Stephen Richards as Commissioner of Crown Lands, the Hon. M. C. Cameron as Provincial Secretary and the Hon. E. B. Wood as Provincial Treasurer. After an existence of nearly four years and a half, the first general election for the province under the new order brought about the defeat of the Sandfield Macdon- ald Government and the accession to office, on the 20th Decem- ber, 1871, of the Hon. Edward Blake, with the Hon. Alexander Mackenzie, the Hon. Adam Crooks and the Hon. Archibald McKellar as colleagues. The table given elsewhere includes the names of all who have held portfolios in the Ontario Govern- ment sinct. 1867, with the length of their term of office. On the 31st of October, 1872, upon the retirement of Messrs. Blake and Mackenzie from the provincial arena of public life to G 105 nl i< 10() OatarwH Parliament JhiUdiifi/H. the larger field of the Dominion Parliament at Ottawa, what has long been known as the Mowat (Jovernment wan formed, which has held continuous power thei'efore for over twenty years and which has lived through five general elections. Such a long term of administration of one government is, as has been said, rare in the history of governments. Though brief reference has already been made to Sir Oliver Mowat, the words of a recent writer may well be added : "It has been his fortune to become peculiarly and distinctively iden- tified with the Province of Ontario. His name is indeed familiar enough to the people of the most distant provinces, and to Ontar- ians it is a source of much pride to reflect that fjimiliarity has in his case bred universal respect and admiration ; yet it is in this province that his great work has lain, and it is* by the people of this province that he has been honored to a degree without par- allel in the history of democratic communities. Charged first with the affairs of Ontario at a period when the institutions planted at Confederation remained in a condition of unripeness, it became his lot to carefully tend, nurture and develope them until they have reached a stage when, glancing around the world, we are able nowhere to find a people in the enjoyment of a sys- tem of laws e(|ually sound, useful and progressive with those with which our statute books are filled. Though he had no part in the final arrangements of that confederative system of govern- ment in the ultimate success of which his long administration in Ontario has been so prominent a factor, Sir Oliver Mowat was actively concerned in the preliminary movements and was suffici- ently identified with the great project to be included in Mr. Harris' celebi-ated picture, ' The Fathers of Confederation.' " Sir Oliver has always chosen able colleagues who have rendered him most valuable assistance in governing the province. AmoQg the present members are the Hon. C. F. Fraser, who has held office for nearly twenty years ; the Hon. Arthur S. Hardy, who has been a member of the Cabinet for over fifteen years ; the Hon. George W. Boss, whose ten years as Minister of Education will soon be completed ; the Hon. J. M. Gibson, sworn in in 1889 ; and the Hon. John Dryden, the Hon. R. Harcourt and the Hoh. i 1 i > & A New Era and a Neiv liailding. 107 K. H. Hmnswii (without portfolio) in IHOO. The Hon. T. B. Pardee and the Hon. Adiini ('rooks have paHsed away, and the Hons. S. (/. Wood, A. McKeUar, James Young, A. M. Honh and Charles J)rury are ex-nieinl)ers. It iri not the purpose of the writer to att«unpt a sketch of this modern era of oiu' lejifisUitive recoril, thoujjh the statute books leveal a mjiss of legishition which lias placed Ontario in the front rank of any province, country or state for advanced laws on all the lines that come within the purview of a provincial legisla- ture. What has been above penned is intended as preliminary to a brief sketch o* the history and inception of the new Parliament Buildings recently erected, the opening of which marks not only an important epoch in this latter era, but the closing of the first century of our provincial history aiii the auspicious opening of the second. The (juestion of new parliament buildings was mooted in 1877, and in 1880 the Commissioner of Public Works, the Hon. C. F. Fraser, obtained from the legislature an initial grant of ^500,000 towards their erection. Competitive plans on the basis of this $500,000 were invited, but it was found that suitable buildings, with the requisite accommodation, could not be had for that amount. Nothing more was done until a sum of $250,000 addi- tional was voted in 1885. In 1886 the preparation of plans and Bpeciftcations for the proposed new buildings was entrusted to Mr. R. A. Waite, of Buffalo, and in 1887 a further sum of $300,- 000 was voted for the erection of the buildings on Mr. Waite's plans. Subsequently there was added to the sums above men- tioned a final grant of $200,000, which brought up the total amount voted for the construction of the buildings to $1,250,000. The contract for the excavating and masonry and bricklayer's work was given to Lionel Yorke in October of 1886. Tl^e work of excavation was at once commenced, and in 1892 the building was practically completed, only six years being taken in its erec- tion, at a total cost of less than $1,300,000. The sale of the site occupied by the old '^uilding will, it is expected, realize half a million dollars, which, applied to the cost of the new structure, will reduce it to about $750,000. i I I mmmKmmm 108 Ontario's Parliament Buildinffs. The lapae of only six years between the first excavation and the completion of the new building is creditable to the Commis- sioner of Public Works and the contractors. Considering the magnitude of the building, covering as it does four acres of ground, and containing over two hundred rooms, six years is an exceptionally short period in which to erect it. No better situation could have been chosen for a public build- ing than the southern end of the Queen's Park. It partially covers the site of the old King's College, 'vhich was built just fifty years ago, and which was removed a few years ago to make room for the Parliament building. On the occa- sion of the opening of King's College by Sir Charles Bagot, the Governor-General, the 43rd Kefjiment assisted in the ceremony, while all the notable^ of that day, including Doctor McCaul, the fi"st president of the college, were in attendance. The ceremony of the 4th of April last, half a centuiy later, was in some respects like the former in the presence of the Lieutenant-Governor, detachments of the militiiry, and repre- sentative men in many of the departments of li fe The peculiar effectiveness of the situation of the building is best seen from the outlook in the eastern tower. To the south, the University avenue stretches to Queen-street, with the heart of the city on either side extending to the bay, while the Island and blue waters of the lake beyond complete a picture of rare beauty. To the east, the Scarboro' heights border the horizon and enclose the vast area of the city extending in that direction. To the west, the Humber bay and the High Park tree-tops form a boundary as Wells' hill and Upper Canada College do to the north. Tn the immediate neighborhood the eye takes in a noble group of public buildings — the University, with its annexes of library, gymnasium, Biological building, and School of Practical Science ; the sister educational centres of Victoria and McMaster Universities, and Wyclitfe College, the Athletic Club, and the circle ot handsome private residences around the Queen's park, with its groups of massive o. • ? and elms, its svy-ard, its walks and drives, its spacious pavilion Its groups of statuary, and its twin Sebastopol cannon guarding the southern entrance to the A New Era and a MfiW Building. 109 park. Near the nortli-we.st corner of the building the bronze figure of George Brown faces the structure, and adjoining his monument is the group of statuary erected in honor of the vol- unteers who fell at Ridgeway in 1800. The more one studies the front exterior view of the new build- ing the more impressive does it seem, and the more does the on- looker realize that he is gazing upon a noble structure, fully worthy of the province in whose interest it has been built. The principal frontage is 490 feet, including the porte cocheres, with a depth of 294 feet, the main plan forming a double letter E, and enclofing within its walls over 76,000 square feet. In arcliitec- tural design, it is Romanesque, the carved surfaces following the Celtic and Indo-Germanic schools. The main walls are con- structed of Credit Valley sandstone taken from the quarries of Carrol & Vii-k, its reddish brown tinge producing a most pleas- ing effect of color. Some of the larger surfaces present their natural face, and harmonize with the chiselled and moulded sur- faces, the result being an infinite variety. The centre facade measures 120 x 125 feet and rises to a height of neai'ly 200 feet. The massive window arcas, and (juiet fields of quarry-faced walls, aie judiciously enriched here and there with carvings, and the whole crowned by a pyramidal roof, with angle turrets, terminating with elongated domical roofs. Among the most striking exterior features of the buildings are the porte cocheres at the eastern and western ends, the mas- 1. I '.- 110 Ontario's Parliament Buildingfii. siveness of which is seen in the illustrations given, and the details of which illustrate the wealth of carving executed. In- deed, the stone carving, taken in its entirety, is perhaps to be classed among the chief features of the building. The largest specimen of carving is the sculptured frieze, nearly 70 feet long, and 15 feet high, surmounting the three great windows in the centre structure, which represents in heroic size allegorical figures of music, agriculture, commerce, art, science, law, philosophy, architecture, engineering and literature grouped on either side of the arms of the province. On the east and west sides of the main entrance excellent likenesses are carved in stone of Gover- nor Simcoe, Chief Justice Robinson, John Sandfield Macdonald, William Hume Blake, Timothy Blair Pardee, Sir Isaac Brock, Robert Baldwin and Matthew Crooks Cameron. These are guarded, as it were, by four monster gargojdes, which look down from the corners of the four great towers. The main entrance is in keeping with the dignity and general effect of the front exterior. It is composed of three noble arches eighteen feet wide by twenty-six feet high, and is reached by a succession of steps and platforms. This entrance is flanked by the great towers with their domes of copper and their wealth of stone design. The western tower will have a massive clock, which will be seen from the south and west, while the eastern tower has a balconied outlook, the view from which is, as has been described, one of the finest in the city, taking in a great portion of the city with the island and lake beyond ; indeed, Brock's monu- ment on the banks of thie Niagara is ^discernible on a clear day. In many respects the exterior facing the north, or the rear view, is equally as imposing as the front or southern aspect, tak- ing in the larger area of the Park, and Avenue Road beyond. The contract for the masonry, brick, stone and excavations was originally undertaken by the late Lionel Yorke. Upon his death the work was taken up by nis surety, Mr. Robert Carrol, who associated with him Mr. J. B. Vick, who was with Mr. Yorke. To insure its early completion they found it necessary to pur- chase 400 acres of brown stone quarricK, near Orangeville, which 1 ■ « !' l! >li 1 'rf" II ■f''"' ;■'■■'*■" , *' ' \ ■ ■' ■ j ^K'^'' ■■■ r I :: -s ■'^H Sl^i ^HHP j^ -y ^i^.^ 1 •J I ■ ■•■'-—■ ■■' -'■■:■ ■. Hon. 0. F. Fraser, CommiBsioner of Public Work?. A New Era and a New Building. Ill required developing in a more expeditious manner than lure- tofore. To this end they adopted the mining system, for wliich purpose they brought out English miners, wliieh proved a good success, as the completed buildings now show. The. entire roof is covered with deep blue slate, taken from quarries in Rutland, Vermont. The donies of the two central towers are, however, covered with copper. Forty-six tons of copper have been used throughout the building. Passing through the massive entrance, the general effect is maintained by a view of the wide and high corridor with its rows of iron pillars and the grand staircase at the end. Here one is forcibly struck with the contrast between the dingy, dusty and deserted old structure on Front-street. The change is indeed a marked one. It is a transition from glooniy corridors, dimly-lighted offices, dust-begrimed desks, flickering yellow gas jets, and old-time grates, to spacious quarters, with high ceilings, handsome paneling, massive corridors, beautiful electric appli- ances, and perfect heating an. 80 feet, and a height of over 50 feet. The paneled ceiling is a mass of color, amongst the designs the maple leaf predominating. The color scheme of the ceiling is in cool green and rich tones of purple, maple leaves of autunmal tints being wrought into scroll ornaments which form the ceiling design. These tones, with the warm, strong color of the heavy wood beams, form a strong and eflective combination. The coat of arms of the province, in heraldic coloring, is prominent, the framing or outline of which is a beautiful Celtic scroll entwined with maple branch and leaves. The novelty of the whole is most happily adapted to the deep wood-beam paneling, the lines breaking through it at all points, yet so conceived as to show a careful following of each paneling, thus avoiding the heavy and monotonous eftect of simply decor- ated panels. Aliove the arches on the northern and southern walls are four allegorical subjects — Moderation, holding a curbed bridle ; Justice, with sword and scales, and a cherub holding a code of laws ; Power, carrymg a sword and oak branch, and Wisdom, with open l)Ook and lamp of knowledge. On the east and west walls notable dates in the histoiy of Ontario are inscribed, such as " 1792 " and " 1892." The handsome woodwork is paneled and moulded of Canadian sycamore, with mahogany paneling nine feet high. The plastered walls are richly decorated with mouldings and artistic ornament in low relief of a rich yellow brown, studded with maple leaf outlined in gold and beautifully-modelled enrichment treated in warm tones, wiped with trans)iarent color, resembling anti(iue marble. Perhaps the most effective portion of the decora- tion is to be found in the eight-feet cove, which is filled with a beautifully drawn Romanesipie ornament broken at intervals by medallions in deep tones of purple. The side galleries are colored in quiet, warm tones as a foil to the richer effects of the chamber proper, and the distinctively Canadian symbols are wrought into the design in an artistic, unobstrusive manner, in pleasing contrast to the usual baldness of such introductions. In the centre of the lofty ceiling there is a ventilating iron grill, 10 feet in diameter. This connects with a galvanized iron A New Era and a New Building. 113 pipe leading to a brick stack, containing a fan driven by an engine in the basement. By means of this all the foul air is carried out- side, and fresh air constantly distributed throughout the whole of the building. The Speaker's dais, executed in San Domingo and " v^J vet cowl " mahogany, has richly-carved " coat of arms " shields with dates 1792, 1867, 1892, and enriched surfaces surmounted by two stan- dard lions. It is placed at the south end, with the press gallery, treated more as a balcony, inunediately behind and forming, as it were, a part thereof. The Speaker's gallery, treated in unifor- mity, runs across the opposite or north end, and on either side are located the ladies' and visitors' galleries. The latter are greatly increased in beauty by the massive arcades fronting them, and they are admirably successful as to sight lines, as eveiy membei' on the Hoor of the chamber can be seen therefrom no matter from what point he may rise to address tlie throne. The chamber is lighted chiefly by four immense and highly ornamented chandeliers, containing a combination of gas and electric light. This piece of work was specially designed for the purpose. In each of the chandeliers there are 24 gas and electric lights. The latter are of 32 candle power. Arranged around the walls of the chamber are 22 brackets, 18 of which have tive lights each and the remainder four. The chandeliers and brackets are manufactured -jf what is known as polished bronze, hand-cut and hand-cliased. The allotment of rooms on the gi'ound floor of the western wing is in connection with legislation, the assistant clerk of the House, as well as the law clerk, having their offices on this floor. Seven of the rooms will be for the UvSe of house connnittees, some of them being 40x20 in size. The Queen's printer has three r(X)ms, and the postmaster two, on the north side of the main corridor of the ground floor. The Lieutenant-Governor has a hand.somely furnished room adjoining the Library, while the leader of the Opposition has had a room at the western tower, placed at his disposal, the Speaker utilizing the corresponding room in the eastern tower. These apartments are paneled in natural woods. Each of the departments is arranged eti suite, and located in I ifj ".:■: lt:i 114 Ontario's Parliament Buildings. the east wing ; that of the Crown Lands is on the ground floor , comprising 21 separate rooms, with four very large vaults, and the commodious apartments of the Hon. A. S. Hardy, the Crown Lands Commissioner. On this floor also are the apartments of the Hon. John Dryden and his Department of Agriculture, com- prising seven rooms. On the floor above is the Attorney-General's Department, comprising nine separate rooms, with one very large vault, this suite of apartments including the sumptuous Council Chamber entered from the main corridor, as well as judiciously connected with the apartments for Sir Oliver Mowat. Hfere are also the Department of the Provincial Secretary, the Hon. J. M, Gibson, comprising li offices, and two large vaults, and the Departments of Insurance, Prisons and Inspector of Division Courts. The floor above accommodates the Public Works De- partment, where the Hon. C. F. Fraser and his staft'are located, occupying 13 rooms, and using one large vault. Also on this floor are the Provincial Treasurer's Department, the Hon. Richar!■ f H] iTdi < ' i\ <»^\e^~ i#2i-AA: - ^''%:^:!v^sMmimmmk',i «l '* '' ^^H ""^^ ^^■■^^uHl VlSor ' X^i^^*^ ' v ' 1 '•*'. '3' ^^BH ' \$i if Ws'/S^Bm^ ^tffll i| ■ 1 Pi^ 1 HI' • ^i ■ll1llx<.iA^ \ ■ XW mmn EjjJj^UII tMm.«ra I € IB III '1 */: fifswtwr^ ^K^.r ' % »v\\«iAV ^^^R^H K r*4lill I yv UTrnli^' ^tftii '^' 1 . A \\WiA^ ^^■^■1 Bi iirrtinBBffl l&i'«'^ ^^^'^1 ^^mwimhB|» »i |.''fvAs, 1 "ii'"" ■ 1* iSr ■iii^lv^A^ 7^' rn^H m w .1. ?**.■ ''■ i "'. ■H^^Il '/:i i ' * ,.y:''^,:^i^ ' r^ ■^'^^ ^'W '^^"■vci^i I^^^Hk'^- lN5*^Wi?tt l.'^.'Mt i M^ WMjMB^Ly^^"^^^^^ g- ^ ,': i\ KsMf'^^H ^^^^IHilM^KP'.wBftjI.feti.'i''' ' '' n! BP' ' ~ ?^ ii T^^'' i;:^y'i^^^S| M< '.?; 0. : 1 .. woMHb n 1 ' ' ' / / Vrt^W^lBEt^ ^rf^*'!^*B(B * ( ■1^^^^^ PB ■ ;••' p^^t- /)■! ! H^^BKftll^it^pr^ : ffP^^H ?*' »> .1 i^^^ BHiRI^B^^ ^ \ • ■ 1 1 y* w ' ' '1 i *a"!5H«2Ji '"'.-•>'- V '^i J B ^BUSlI ^B kI V iWa' ^M iK\m^#-i 1 ' Hi IflM Ml 11 f |j^' ij ! ;-J w^^ Mi\ 2 h '1 ''^ W^i^ j*5^^^j|P*.';; ^^: .; Kv' o-'^^^i- -'^^'■■- (."««»■;. WJ% f;§:;'^:--^^%||^.q' : W^'^ i^;. ^^ ,„ .J *>3«tt»~£SS III 'i-i '.^x ,, -^'^fXif- ■■■ '■ m*:- ■ ■(iW...*»^,d-i:^ I I t U CO A Neir hJra unci a New BuihHiHj. 115 I 1 u M of reception raid at the rate of six dollars per thousand for the difference between the quantity supplied and the said thirteen and one-half millions. The actual quantity of brick supplied from the Central Prison to the contractoi-s was only 10,454,450. i; n A New Era and a New liaildiny. 1 1 7 Grand staimwe, etc. (H. C. Hnrrower, Buffalo) $21,})91 Outer drainage (Garson & Purcer, St. Catharines) 5,4{)0 Decoration of ceiling and walls in chamber (Elliott & Son) 4,500 Mantels, furnishings, fittings, etc. (Rice Lewis & Son.Lt'd.) ;i,822 Seating for galleries in chamber (The Chas. Rogers & Sons Co., Lt'd., Toronto) H,250 Tiling for vestibules and lobbies, etc. (Toronto Granite Co. ) 1 ,450 Among the contracts for e(|uipnient and furnishing of build- ings were ; Combination gas and electric fixtures (Bennett & Wright) 25,206 Four elevators (Otis Bros., New York) 22,000 Fitting up ten vaults (OfKce Specialty Mnfg. Co.) 11,770 Library fittings, etc. (William Simpson, Toronto) 5,199 The formal opening of the new building and of the Legislature took place on the fourth of April, when the floor of the Chamber and the quartette of galleries were crowded with representative citizens. Punctually at three o'clock, Lieutenant-Govei*nor Kirkpatrick and suite arrived at the main entrance from Govern- ment House, accompanied by a detachment of the Governor- General's Body Guard, while Company " 2 " of the Royal School of Infantry, with their band, formed a guard of honor near the entrance. Adjoining the building, the Toronto Field Battery was stationed, and a salute of guns was fired. A procession formed at the main hall, consisting of the Lieutenant-Governor and suite and the Premier, officers of the various artillery, cavalry and infantry corps of the city, judges of the courts, consuls, city officials and others, passing up the grand entrance to the Chamber, The Lieutenant-Governor, on reaching the Throne, read the first Address to the members delivered in the new Chamber, and the first indeed since his appointment to office. One of the para- graph of the Address is given : " It gives me great pleasure to meet you as a Legislative Assembly for the first time since my appointment as Lieutenant-Governor ; and it is peculiarly grati- fying that I am privileged to do so in these beautiful buildings, now so nearly completed, and so well adapted for your accom- lis Ontario's Parliavfient Buildings. I modation and the convenience of the public service. I regret that the condition of the work did not admit of my calling you together at an earlier day. It is to me a source of historical in- terest to remember that I am addressing the Legislative As- sembly of this province in the first year of the second century of the existence of representative government in Canada. The pro- gress of events from the first Parliament, opened by His Excel- lency, Governor Simcoe, at Niagara, in 1792, to the opening of this Parliament to-day, shows what great strides have been made towards the development of the country, and the enlargement of the privileges of citizenship under the Constitution given to us by the Imperial Parliament. As a native of Ontario, and for many yeara connected with the public life of Canada, I rejoice to believe that under our present relations with the Empire we can enjoy every right and privilege necessary to the fullest exercise of self-government." With the reading of prayers by Speaker Ballantyne, and the transaction of a few matters of parliamentary business, the sec- ond century 3f Ontario's legislative life was inaugurated under the happiest conditions, and in a building that is worthy of a vrealthy, advanced and progressive province. Another interesting feature following the opening exercises, which warrants a reference, was the presentation to Sir Oliver Mowat of a life-size portrait of himself, executed by Mr. Robert Harris, of Montreal. In his felicitous reply, the Attorney-Gen- eral took occasion to review his long official life, and, although of a personal nature, it merits a place in a work such as this. Sir Oliver said in reply : — " Mr. Christie and gentlemen, — I am very grateful for the warm feelings towards me which are shown by your address. I . do not pretend to merit your encomiums, but I appreciate deeply the spirit which has inspired them. I understand that the por- trait which you do me the honor of presenting is pronounced by connoisaeurs to be a success lx)th as a work of art and as a good liktroess. As a likeness it tells me that I look considerably older than I feel, though not older than I am. I cannot conceal from myself that a man in his 73rd year is an old man, however little •et ou in- of ro- ;el- of eide b of I us for eto can cise the sec- ider of a iises, liver bert 3en- rhof ■ tlie 8. I jeply por- idby good older from little k i Il V • SSI ;•■■' ■■?• 1 s Grand staircase, New Fariiament Building. \ A New Era and a New BuUdi)in, (^.('., Hon. A. McKclliir, Hon. «. C. Wood, Moll. .\ii- Hon. ('Iia.-i. Iinir\ , Hon. .loliii HrviU'ii, lion. C. y. KraMr, Hon. II. W. Srott, Hon. T. I!. Pard.f, ll(.n. A. S. Iluid.v, (J.C, Hon. .\dani Crooks, (^.C, Hon. (1. W. HoHs, Hon, E. n. BroiiMon, ;ilMt del , l>^r•.' to (late. •-'■.th Oil., IfT-'. to rilli Nov., l»T:l. J. til N(0 ., I.hT.S, to nil Aiiril. I«74. iMli Mel,., I'TT, to iMti .lull . l^v» Htli .Ian., \»M> to ilatv. 4lli Ainil, 1«"4, to •J4tli .Iiil.\, K.V .Mari'h, 18T7, to and .luno, Hm:!. ■r.thoi't., IsT'.', I<>'.i4tli .Mill., l-»77- .March, 1^77, to •Jul .Innr, l,i>):{. :«>tli Sept, l.>i!Ml to date. Jiid .liiiic, IssH, to 1st \o\., H,i;i. Nov., ISfJ), to 14tli .liliic, ISiHi. ions ciiliinet, to 4tli April, ls74 1st .Mav, 18»!i. to 2i)th Si'|it,. Ii0<» .tilth SVj.t., IWIll to (lute. 4tli A|iiil, 1S74 to (late, 7th Nov., Is72, lo7tli Nov., l373. 4lli Dec., 1S7H, to Dec, IShS, iMh .Ian., 1881» todale. null Fell '""(i, to :j;{r(l Nov., Isa3. 'iSrd .Nov., 18S3 todate. ;t()th .Sept.. 1»!K) to (late. Premier and Attorney Uciieral, ConiinisHioner of Crown Lands, Commissioner of I'lihlio Works, Provincial Secretary, Provincial Treasurer, Minister of Kdiicatioii, Minister of .4K'''ii''t"'''' Without Portfolio, I'fexeHt Cabinet. Hon. Sir Oliver Mowat, Q.C., K.C M.C Hon. A. S, Hardy, (J.C, lion. ( . K. Kraser, t^.C. Hon. .hihh .M. (Jihson, t^.C. Hon. Kichaid llarcourt, t^.C, Hon. (!. W, Itoss. Hon. .lohn I'ryden, Hon. K, H. Bronsoii. I CHAPTER XI I. THKX AND NOW. 1792-1892. HE close of the first century of Ontario's existence as a separate province is a fitting time for a review of its history and development, hut volumes instead of I)ages would he reijuired to fully record all that has transpired between the holding of the first Parliament oh Niagara's banks, and the session of the Legislature now being held in its new home, or t(» adecjuately measure the eH'ect of the legislation that has emanated from the Legislative Chambers of the four Parliament buildings referred to in this work. That is a task awaiting the historian. The most that need be attempted here is the institution of a few comparisons between the Then and the Now, as affording a gauge by which Ontario's progress and gr.S, no less than 300 chiefs of the Seven Xations passing through Newark on their way to the Grand Council. Thus the game of diplomacy, if not of duplicity, on the part of some, was j^layed until the war of LSI 2 'arrants and fiats, urxlcr old regulations 2,404, MOO " " under new regulations 19."», loO '• " Uniied Empire and Militia claiiniints '2,046,000 p ' 130 Ouiarioa Parliament liuildinrjx. Aulhoritics. Acrtt ifrauttd. Militia certitiwitej (iHo.SOO Seltlei-M to 1S19 8'2(i,800 (iratuitous giants, warrants ir),!((IO (irants, (>th July, IS04, !)7S,4O0 Land Hoard fiats fW, UX) Militia 221,100 Scotch Emigrants sent out by Government warrants 13,700 Peter Robinsons settlers' fiats 40,100 Officers' and Soldiers' warrants 702,700 Officers of regular Army and Navy 12(5,924 Warrants for land wit iiout purchase 32,S0O Warrants for land by purchase 2,00() Total S,399,974 Ky 17!J>S, when the province was divided into counties and districts, the four original districts of the province contained twenty-three counties, and one hundred and fifty-eight townships, so rapidly liad municipal organization proceeded since 1792. To-day, as a striking evidence of the growth of a century, Ontario has forty-tive counties, with over eight hundred townships. Tiie following is a list of the Coiuniissioners of Crown Lands from the Union till the present time, with years of office : • Hon. K. B. Sullivan, 1841 : Hon. John Davidson, 1841-2 ; Hon. A. X. Morin, 1842-8 : Hon. D. P. Papineau, 1844-7 : Hon. John A. Macdonald, 1847-8: Hon. J. H. Price, 1848-51; Hon. John Rolph, I80I-08: Hon. Louis V. Sicotte, 18.58: Hon. A. N. Morin, l858-oo : Hon. Joseph Cauchon, 1855-57 : Hon. E. P. Tach^, 1857: Hon. L. V. Sicotte, 1857-5.S : Hon. A. A. Dorion, 1858: Hon. P. M. N'ankoughnet, 1858-152 : Hon. (Jeorge Sherwood, 18(52 ; Hon. Wm. McDougall, 18(52-(54: Hon. Alexander Campbell, 1804- 67: Hon. Stephen Richards, 18(57-71; Hon. M. C. Cameron, 1871 : Hon. R. W. Scott, 1871-78: Hon. T. B. Pardee, 1873-89; Hon. Arthur S. Hardy, present occupant since I8f)l. No more striking contrast lietween " His Majesty's Province of Upper Canada" of 17!)2 and the Ontario of 1892, need be affr^rd inie of ('anai ynrit/f the vast domaui of the new province. One (}f the earliest sigr).s (A ft democratic spirit in the pi'ovince is seen in the correspondence iK'tween Simcx' aiid ]>uiidas, the form*rhaving fomid that the spirit of the young/towfttry was against the election of lialf-pay officers, and in favor '4 men vho dined in (ommon with thfir sen'antii! This did nf>t prevent him from indulging in a little •leetione^'ring. presuujably in his own inter- ests, as, in the sam<' letter he congi-atulates himself on having bet^T) enabled to ^.^cure the retiaru at Kingston of Mr. White. •I if 6. (tiUarliiS Parliiiment liaildinffs. luH Attonioy-Cicncral, tliou^li lie was defeated at a later election, when tlje (jioverniiient paid all tiie expeiiHes iiicviired Uy the d<'feated iioinber. As to the eoinposition of the two Housen, the nieiiiliers of the Asficinbly were active and /ealous for | ar- ticidar nieasureH, which were, in the (Joveinor's opinion, improper and futile, while they indulf^ed in over-iiherality in providing for the orticers of the House, and he concluded, therefore, that the Le<^'islative Council, being cautious an^ - ^^^ % 1.0 ^tiim I ^Bg m Im 12.2 1.1 : iffi 12.0 FliolDgrdphic Sdenoes Coiporation as VMST MAM STRMT 'MMSTIR.N.Y. 14SM (716)S73-4S03 v\ vV ^ lilit r^ ■ Legislative Library, New Parliament Building. Then and Now. 18a ordination, DiindaH himself, writing to iSinicoe front Whitehall, thought it was eniinuntly pi-oper " to give enc( urageuient to clergymen of good morah* and ^iound principles. " In this connection, a report of the Hon. Richard Cartwright, one of the Legislative Councilloi's, on "Thu Marriage I^aw in Upper Canada," made in MWl, is given as aftbixling an interest- ing point of comparison with the religious privileges enjoye*! in 1.S1KS. " Riport on the subject of Marriages and the State of the Church of England in the Province of Upper Canada, hun>- bly submitted to His Excellency tJovernor Simcoe. " The Country now l^pper Canaefore the Officer Commanding the Past who publickly read to the parties the Matrimonial Service in the Book of Common Prayer, using the ring and observing the other forms there prescribed : or if he declined it, as was sometimes the case, it was done by the Adjutants of the Regiment. After the settlements were formed in 17S4 the Justices of the Peace used to perform the Marriag** Ceremoi'iy till the establishment of Clergymen in the Country, when this practice adopted only from necessity hath been dis- continued in the uistricts where Clergymen reside. This is not yet the case with them all : for though the two lower Districts have had each of them a Protestant Clergyman since the year \li ilj 1*1 134 Oiihii'ios Pt /in idii tiffin. 17een performed even by a regular Clergyman, and with due Observance of all the Forma prescribed by the Laws of Kngland. For tue clause in the Act of the 14th year of His Present Majesty for regulating the (iov- ernment of Quebec which declares ' That in all cases of Contro- ' versy relative to Property and Civil Rights, resort shall be had ' to the Ljuvs of Canada as the rule for the decision of the same,' appeal's to me to invalidate all Marriages not soleninized accord- ing to the Rites of the Church of Rome, so far as these Mar- riages are considered as giving any Title to property. " Such being the case it is obvious that it re«]uire8 the Inter- position of the Legislature as well to settle what is past as to provide some Regulations for the future, in framing of whicl. it should be consiclered that good policy re(|uires that in a new Country at least, matrimonial Connections should be made as ea,sy as may be consistent with the Importance of such Engage- ments; and having pledged myself to bring this Business for- ward early in the next Session, I am led to hope that Your Excellency will make such Representations to His Majesty's Ministei-s as will indue 4'nem to consent to such arrangements Then nnd N(nr. I :{.") s ivspfctinff this Hu.siiu'BS as the rircuinstaiicts of tin- Country may render expedient, MeaHUies for this imi-itosf having heen postponed only hecause they nii^ht he thoii^dit to intert'eiv with tlieir Views respecting the C'lerjj^' of the Kstahlishnieut. " Of this Church I am myself a Mcmher and urn sorry to say that the State of it in tliis Province is not very Hatterin^j. A very small proportion of the Inhabitants of I'pper Canada have been eport. In the Kasteru District, the most populous part of the Pro\ince, there is ur» Church Clergyman. They have a Presbyterian Minister, for- merly Chaplain to the are very numerous ami all Catholics. There are also many Dutch Calvinists in this part of the Province who have made several attempts to get a teacher of their own Sect but hitherto without succeas. " In the Midland District where the members of the Church are more numerous than in any other part of the Province, there are two Church Clergymeii who are allowed one hundred pounds stg. p. ann. each by Gf)verument, and fifty pounds each by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. There are here, also, some itinerant Methodist Preacheis, the Followers of whom are numerous. And many of the Inhabitants of the greatest pro- perty are Dutch. Calvinists who have for some time past been using their endeavours to get a Minister of their own Sect among them. In the Home District there is one Clergyman who hath been settled here since the month of July last. The Scots Presbyterians who are pretty numerous here and to which Seco the most respectable part of the Inhabitants belong, have built a Meeting House, and raised a Mubscription for a Minister of i \ li f 13li Untainos Porliametit Buildings. their own who is shortly expected among them. There are here also many Methodists Si Dutch Calvinists. " In the Western District there are no other clergy than i]uise of the Churoh of Rome. The Protestant Inhabitants here are principally Presbyterians. " From this Statement Your Excellency will be able to draw the propter Conclusions ; and to judge how far the Establishing the Hierarchy of the Church of England in this Province may be proper & exiK'dient. "I have the Honor to Im " With the most profound Respect, "Your Excellency's " Most humble servant, "RICHD. CARTWRIGHT. Jr." "Newark, 12th October, 1792." The history of the gradual growth of religious freedom is par- tially contained in the petitions on the subject presented to the Legislature by the Council. The earliest of these petitions were for the repeal of the Marriage Law, referred to by Mr. Cart- wright, byjvhich only clergymen oi' the Church of England could p'jrform the marriage rite. Some of these prayel^< were in the opinion of the first parliamentarians, " couched in very unbecom- ing language," and were, in addition, signed by men who should have acted otherwise, all classes of dissenters joining under the indeterminate name of Presbyterians. Such an attack on the National Clergy was to be resisted, but, as has been pointed out, the agitation forced the repeal of the Act soon after. " Their next attempt will probably be on the Sevenths set apart for the National Church," Simcrc exclaims in fright, and true enough the clergy reserves were next attacked, though their abolition did not follow till long after. England not only sent out our rulera, but our first judges, mili- tary ofiHcers and cler'gymen of the established church. Chief Justice Elmsley was accompanied by clergymen of " independent means and most respectable character," and £500 was given in 1705 and 1790 towards building churches as an incitement to the here th<:se B are draw Bhing ! may rr." 8 par- to the s were Cart- l could in. the becom- should ier the on the «d out, " Their for the enough t)olition B8, iniii- Chief [>endent riven in it to the HI J r a ■na .8 ; If i !• Corridor, New Parliament Building. kT^I Tln'ii ond, the Clfrj^y Reserves beiiif( their solutiot) of the (piestion. In 17f)7 Russell asked leave to have churches huilt at Newark, York, Cornwall and Sandwich, V[> to this time Kingston was the only town in the province possessing; a Protestant church IJrant also applied for a missionary for the Five Nations, and Russell advised the Bisliop of Quehec to seinl them a "piou8 missionary,' which wjus (h>ne. In 17!)0 there weio only three clergymen of the Kstablishcil Churtli in the entire ])rovince, and the fear was expressed that, should religion remain much longer in this state, there would he everything to fear foi* tlu' morals of the people. A few years iati-r another evidence of the interest taken in the re^'irious sbite of the province was atlui-ded l»y the jjrant of tlOO per annum by the Prince Regent for every future missionary of the gosjiel sent from England, and who remained in service for ten years. The Ijocal Parliament, in 1(S()7, petitioned Sir F'rancis tutors tir.- velh'd from sctthtnicnt to N<'ttli'ni<'nt dispensing education. The cryinj^ need of education for thtir children, on the jwirt of the early settlers, is seen in their petitions to the (ioverinnent, one of which reads; The ])etition of the undersipied nia»jistrat<^s and others of the county of (Jlengarry, eastern district, humhly sheweth : "That amidst the many blessings your petitioners enjoy under the constitution and (lovi'rnnient of this province, and notwith- standing the wise exertions of the I^egislature to promote the public pro8i>erity, they still conti'mplate with anxiety the ill consetjuences that may result from the want of sc1hk)1s, lK)th to the present generation and to posterity. That though the scarcity <)f these useful institutions may be ascribed in some d«'gree to the infant state of the province in general, and to the want of adeipuite means to give them weight and perpetuity, yet pecidiar circunistances aggravate these unavoidub e misfortuneH, in this part of the province in particular. The Highlanders who form the great majoiity of inhabitants in this comity, and who are in general a moral and religious people, are yet extreniely backward in promoting any public institutions of learning. ■ In tlieir native country they were accustomed to hear the beauties of Christianitv inculcated in their mother tonmu', whence many of them supposed that an Knglish educaticm was unneces.sa)v, and what each individual was made to contribute by public authority towards the support of a .school was so very light antl so imperceptibly collected with the annual rents, that the mass of the people actually forgot that they bore any part of the bunlen. "These circumstances, together with the numerous charity schools estjiblished in ditf'erent parts of the Highlands of Scot- land, which cost nothing to the inhabitants, have impressed tlie T T/iftn and NmiK 141 iiutivrH of tliat ronntiy with Imbits of tliiiikin^' uiifavoniltN- to pulilic iiiHtitutioiiN, aii'l tlic few h<*Ii(H)Im foiinrtaiii iiieners will ever pmy, etc. " To-day there are in this province hIx thousand commodious school structures, acconnnoeen made to the existence of slavery in the province, and the pjussage of an Act of abolition during the firat Parliament. Though we bestow praise upon the legis- lators who ptissed such ai beneficent law ho early in the history of the province, 8ome of them strenuously opposed it, many plausable arguments being brought forward in resjM-ct to the taining servants. A correspondent of that day has written, '" Some possessing Negroes, knowing that it was questionable if any suUsisting law author- i/e.*i, Simcoe congratulates himself that no "adverse party '" had yet formed itself, though he su.spects it ma}' sooner takf place in the Upper than in the Lower Hou.se. On the other hand, while there had been no direct oppo.sition, there had been no "iirect support to (Jovornment mcusuivs. and he thinks it wi.se to avoid using the negative of the Crown, and perhaps stirring u}) the opposition he evidently ieared. Yet there probably has not been a session of the hundred held when the Houses were not divided into opposing tmres, whether on } arty )ine.j as now undei'stood, or independent of political bias. A curious message from Whitehall expressed the sorrow of Dundas in observing any tendency on the part of the members of the Legialafure to ^ppo.se Government in matters so evidently beneficial to the province, but, in his generous opinion, allowance must be made for the novelty of the duties. To view things in a wide, rather than a local light, would naturally be repugnant to the first impressions in their minds I The Hon. Richard Cartwright was undoubtedly one of the independents of his duy, and Simcoe makes frequent reference to his opposition, but in a letter to the Duke of Portland, SimctH) expresses the hope of conciliating the opposing Councillor and remov'ng his hostility to the measures of Government that might be necessary for the public service. An organized opposition followed Thorpe's fii-st election in 1806, and ever since such " turbulent spirits " as Willcocks, Gourlay, the Bidwells, and the latev " fathers of rc-orm " obtained seats in the Legislature, the ins and the outs have been represented. Then l a vijjorous policy in this respect, after havinj^ traversed large ])ortions of the piovince. Hi' reports in 1703 having found a route hitherto unku'.wn between York and the waters flowing into Lake Huron, and merchants were buying lots in York in anticipation of the opening of this route. The Yonge-street road leading from York to Lake Simcoe (or Lake Aux Claies as it was formerly called > was also made by the (Queen's Rangers, and a year or two after- ward he reported that seventy families had settknl along its borders. (Jloucester (oi- Penetanguishene) he held to be the most considerable town in L'^pper Canada, as the passage to the North- west would be via it. " Kasy means of connnunication " between Montreal and Ltike Huron were also considered, " especially by traineau in wintei-." It was hoped the East India Company would establish a warehouse at Kingston, and that trade might be carried to a great length, paj-ticularly to Chicago, where Simcoe appre- hendeil a settlement would immediately take nlace : whai was wanted was a liberal system of commerce on the lakes. ^\ii8 naturally leads to the (juestion of trade and commerce which tlie new Government had to deal with. If the law-makei-s and legislators of to-day have a difficulty to adjust taxation ov to .idopt new methods of raising a revenue, their predecessors found the pi-oblem much more troublesome and hard to .solve. Spirits, and, later, stills were the favorite subjects tor levying a tax upon. Then came the (juestion as to how the export trade could be managed, the natural vent for the produce of the pro- vine*; appearing to be bj^ the Mississippi. For several yeai*s, ex- tending indeed to the time of the union, much friction was caused by commercial misunderstandings between Upper and Lower Canada. Investigations, recriminations and readjustment of ac- counts followed in quick succession, the result being a sp'rit fai- removed from the amity that should prevail between sistei pro- |! 144 Ontario's ParHametit Buildings. vinces. It is interesting to note, too, that there was an alarm at the power of the monopolists fully a century ago, connected with the supply of flour to the garrisons, and a warning is eve!« issued against land jobbers. While Parliament met at Niagara, the home authorities were told that the establishment of a Government in Upper Canada was absolutely necessary for the preservation of British commeice against the aggression of the United States, the two countries thereafter watching each other with eyes more or less blinded by jealousy. Notwithstanding the friction between Upper Canada and the United States, individual efforts were made to foster trade. One trader suggests the possibility of encouraging trade between Michilemackinac and Kentucky, based on the trade already es- tablished with St. Louis, and the settlements on the Illinois where British gooeen ^iveii two market days in the year, other ^'t•etions of the comiti y asked for the same privilege. The settlers of (Jleiiguirv, as an instance, petitioned : " That, in the present st»ite of the eountr}' y<»ur i)etiti<»uei-> ex- perience many inconveniences from the want of a market for several articles of province which will hardly bear the e.\p^■n^e of transporttition to Lower C'anada, where similar articles are already abmulant,and the markets are supplie«lwith one hall of theexpense to the farmer that will unavoidahly be incurred by pei'soiis from this ([uarter. That, you njj as this country is, it now yieMs sonu? few superfluities which mijjht l)e turned to ^reatei- advaiita«r»' l>y being sold or bartered within itself than fty luing disposef an internal market would be a spui- to industry and enmlatiou to every individual, and may, in time, tiu'n the coinse of exchange in such articles from the Lower to the Uppei- Province, as the inhabitants do already excel the Lower Canadians in home manu- facture, and hope to out-rival them still more as their means and 14(i Ontario's Parlitunenf Huildin(j>'. I t'xpei-icncc iiicroascs. Uinlor tlieso impreasioiis your potitioiu-i's are cucoiirjij^ed to en(|uir»' whether the scheme of a Fair may not he contemphit»'k up to you for redress, for not only this but other grievances that we have a right to complain of, at least as you in your situation can assist or take notice of, that we conceive to extend to everv mattt-r or thing which doth or may tend to harm the welfare or prospnity of your constituents, or benefit the same. We also i-etpiest you will communicate this to the other two branches of the Legislature in what manner you may think most proper, and at the same time recjuest their aid in adopting measures the most tit and speedy to remedy the aforesaid grievances. We are also aware that n< ithing can be done to insure a free trade as aforesaid, short of obtaining His Majesty's consent, occasioned by stipulation in the present treaty of amity, commerce and navigation, between His Maj(;sty and the United States of America, at least as far as that nation is concerned ; and trust that you will see with us the innnediate necessity of an endeavor to obtain the privilege aforesaid, and, through a petition, or by some other means that may be thought proper, make the same known to our most Gracious Sovereign. " We also assure you that we are willing to accept it under every restriction as to duties which might othei'wise tend to harm His Majesty or his subjects in general ; and we are con- fident that the obtaining the above mentioned privilege would be a means of thousands of good subjects emigrating immediately to ihis country. It is with regret we have to observe that our aV»ove stated situation rendera us incapable of being that benefit to our most Gracious Sovereign in conjunction with our fellow subjects IT Then ami Now. 1 49 in othvv parts of his Dominions, that our inclinution \viu\» us to hv. " Wo conchule this our prayer ant 1 statement, havinorcriviMi only the outlines of our opinion on the ahove important subject, as We c'onct'ive it, and with a saiiijuine hoj>e that you will tliink with us tinit there is an actual necessity of endeavouring by the best and suiest method of obtainir it to enhance the price of evr-ry article we can furnish for exportation. " We also Hatter ourselves that «mr fellow subjects throughout tlie Province will join us in this opinion, and hope to see some abler pen employed in adopting the most .salutary measures to be taken in the pursuit thereof, at the same time trusting that yon will seriously reflect on this subject, aneet which in your wisdom you ma^ deem it worthy of." As in all countries and in all parliaments, the taxation of spirits was among the tirst fi.scal laws debifted at Newaik, the first ap- plication of the fund being asked fo," the cost of civil govern- ment, and then (a) to supi)ly gaols, bridges, and other public works, (/>) to supply count}' wants, and (<•) to leave enough foi- the " wages" of the membei-s. Karly in 1800, licpior stills were heavily taxed, the liquor trattic thus pi-oviding one of the chief funds of the revenue. In later .sessions the sultject of intemper- ance had a place in Addresses and Prorogation Speeches, its evils and destructiveness being referred to in strong term.s. The fact that riots had taken place in Penn.sylvania owing to an obnoxious tax on whiskey, which had become a circulating medium owing to the want of corn, frightened the Upper Can- adian legislators for a time who, however, continued the tax. It is to l)e feared that the CJovernment did not set a temperance example, especially to the Indians, as the Superintendent of tlie Indian Department was in the habit of asking for a supply of rum at the distributions of presents to the tribes. The administration of justice was accomplished under great n*i«;.s, none for the suitorH, the witnehses, ()!• the bar, and very indifferent for the juvuy of the jurors, too, would have to travel sixty or eighty miles, and be absent from home not less than ten days, so that a mere fine would have no effect as against the expense, loss (tf time and fatigue in going to that point: in fact, he very nuich feared he would not be able to form a Jury at York, and any interruption to the course of justice would be very pernicious. President Russell opposed the Chief Justice's views, however, and the Court of King's Bench thereafter sat at York. It would seem that the legal qualifications now retiuired were unknown then, as Governor Hunter refers in a letter to " the limited knowledge of the law possessed by the bar. With a few exceptions, not one of them was ever within the walls of a Court of Chancery." When a gaol was ultimately built at York, it was made large enough to hold debtors as well as criminals, the gaoler receiving 5s. a day salary, and Is. 3d. daily for the main- tenance of each prisoner. The practice of electing judges to parliament was made a (juestion in 1807, when the opponents of Judge Thorpe — "the radical judge " — contested his right to occupy his seat, on ac- count of his judicial position. The argument was " that in England none of the Judges of the Court of King's Bench, Common Pleas, Barons of the Exchequer who have judicial places, can be chosen Knight, Citizen, or Burgess in Parliament, and that having adopted in this Province the Law of England as a rule of decision, the said Robert Thorpe was not eligible to sit as a member." " One who decides on the life, liberty and property of His Majesty's subjects," they continued, " must necessarily be liable to the frailties and passions incident to human nature, and may, therefore, imbibe partialities, prejudices or prepossessions repug- nant to and at war with the purity of the unsullied ermine.inimical to the independence and dignified administration of the law,aTid I Si 5 II I i; J si i as Thn\ II ml Ninu. 151 sjiliv'crHivr of tilt' Tree und ('onstitutiotuil lilMTtics ol" Hin Miiji'4y.s su))ji'cts ; tliut it was uiicoiistitiitionul, iiiiiHiniicli as hciii^ mi attempt to eloilic, anil aixl l>l*'iitl in oii<> pt-rsou tli** coiitlictiii^ p()werH, authorities and jiiri.S'ii( tion of tin- L-nisltitixc uiid Jiiili- cial fuiictioiiM, contrary to the spirit of ^oo»l irovi'inimnt. ' VVliilci tliis petition was disinisHed, Thor|M''s mciiiifs suecccilitl in having' him siispeiidcd IVom the judjijcship ami leealletl to Kiii;- land. The system of electing,' judges to parliament was, howevt-r, H(M)n thereafter aholished, a hill heinjr i»ass»'d in INII " makiiH ineli^nhlc to a seat in the House any person or persons who shrdi hohl, sustain or enjoy an othce, place or appointment of profit or emolument in and by virtue of any commission derived imme- diately from His Majesty, or of any commission derived IVom His Excellency the Lieutenant-Oovernor or person admiiiisterinii- the Government of this province, Re<;istrars of Counties only excepteks in those days, such as the public whippingof deserters in case they failed to pay their lines, and the placing in the i)illory, as was often done, of offenders, and the branding by fire on the hand. The legislators, in the interests of a high public morality, passed a bill in 1810 prohibiting public plays and shows, as well as one to " prevent all plays of interludes, puppet shows, rope dancers, or stage play- ing for hire or gain." Many other comparisons might be made — of the stirring inci- dents attendant upon open voting, when an election took four to six days and when, as one victorious letter-writer of York says, they had " a famous electioneering dinner after the polls closed, 152 OntnrioK Parliament BiiildiwjK I uikI after 180 oftho inliabitants Imd inarclied to tlie town with flag's Hyin^:" of tlic fi('((ueney of duelling, many lives being lont in that way: of the military laws in force prior to 1M12, and of the many other conditions theii existent, and which stand out in sucli striking contrast to our own times. The abuses arising out of o])en voting eai'iy led to an agitation for the ballot, inasmuch Hs " the present method of voting at elections within this pro- vince is productive of many and gi*eat altuses, one of the most prominent of which is the oppoi'tunity which it affords to rich ttnd powerful individuals of exerting an undue influence over the minds of the electors, and causing their choice too frequently to fall upon men but little (|ualitied for so important a trust." This particular reform was, howevi-r, a long time in coming. The periection which the modern post office system has attain ed is a comparatively recent fact. There is no need for dwelling at length upon the days of the mail carrier and the mail coach, wluii letters were few and [tostage high, but the insertion of some of the prices prevailing in LS20, for the carriage of letters, may be of interest. With York as the starting-point, the postagi; to Diindas was 8d. : (Jrnnsby, St. Catharines, Niagara, Queenston and Chipi^awa, lOd. each: \'ittoria, Is. ; Amherstburg, Is. 4d. The rate from England to Halifax was Is. Sd. : from Halifax to York. 2s. 9d. : Montreal to York, Is. 2(1.; Kingston to York, lOd. In 1S21 there were only thirty-live post offices in the provinces as again.st 2,954- to-tla}'. ' The House of that year, as the result of a special connnittee, decided that the charges then prevalent for the conveyance of letters was in excess of the charges authorized by law. The sur- plus postal revenue of the early days were .sent to England and formed a mite in making up tlie British budget. Le)»gthy reference might be made to the early social life of York — of the State balls given l»y the (Jovernors and Presidents, of o+hers under the jmti'onage of the officers of the garrison ; of the official dinners always given at four p.m. : of the " carroling" or sleigh-riding on the bay or up Yonge-street. Shortly before the war scattered the inhabitants of the town, a rift in the social lute occurred, when the party divisions iii the Legislature caused Then and Now. 153 [e of 1; of tore kcial ised the stoppage of the general hops or assemblies, each party there- after holding its own social functions in private houses. The first military balls were held in the large canvas tent which belonged to Simcoe, and which had been made for and used by Captain Cook, the famous traveller. If its walls could have spoken, what a variety of scenes it could have described — natives in far-off lands, settlers in New South Wales and Aus- tralia, negroes in Hayti and Hawaii (the unfortunate voyageur receiving his death wound from a Hawaiian native), and at last the society of a new settlement in a new country in the gayety of the dance or the dinner. In conclusion, we have but to contrast 1792 with 1892 to be vividly impressed with the degi-ee of growth and development of the province on all the lines that go to make a successful and prosperous state. During the period covered by her four parliament buildings, Ontario has made mighty strides. Educa- tionally, the old log school-houses scattered through the sparsely populated country have been supplanted and supplemented by thousands of schools. Instead of a few hundred pupils in at- tendance as then, now half a million young Canadians are being taught, practically free. Then, the lumbering stage coach or the slow and uncertain sailing vessels were the only means of con- veyance. Even the peregrinating governors of the good old days, when making a sort of royal tour through the new coun- try, made comparatively slow progress over the rough roads. Nov.% the steel arteries cover the land like a network, until 15,000 mi]«}8 of railway now serve the Dominion as a whole. Then, the administration of justice was cumbersome and slow compared with to-d«y. Then, the centres of population were few and far between — peopled oases in the midst of forests. Now, Ontario is the banner province of Confederation, with nearly two mil- lion of its five million people. Since sixty years ago, the bound- aries of the province have been enlarged, adding to its wealth of forest and stream and minerals a stretch of territory almost a province in itself. Toronto, as the capital city, has emerged from her infantile stage of 1796 to the stature of a metropolitan city, the seat of learning and the centre from which radiates 154 Ontario 8 Parliament Buildings. much of the life of Ontario. If the bricks, therefore, of the old structures could speak, if they could picture the Upper Canada of their early days with the Ontario of to-day, they would tell a story of expansion and growth unequalled n the history of new countries. The year 1892 was a year of anniversaries of Canadian im- portance. It was the 25th anniversary of Canadian Confeder- ation, the 50th anniversary of the establishment of Responsible Government in the Province, the 250th anniversary of the found- ing of Montreal, and the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America by Columbus. But the facf that it was the 100th an- niversary of the Convocation of the first Parliament of Upper Canada is the most important to the citizens of Ontario. THE END. APPENDIX. LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE PROVINCIAL LEGISLATURE AND OF THE UNITED PARLIAMENT FROM 1792 TO 1892, WITH CONSTITUENCIES REPRESENTED. The destruction by fire of the firs*, two Parliament buildings, through which so many of the official records were lost, renders the work of compiling a list of the members of the early parlia- ments, with their constituencies, difficult, and, in some cases, im- possible. From division lists and casual mention in thoise jour- nals of the House that were preserved, some information can be gleaned, but it is necessarily incomplete. LIST OF MEMBERS OF UPPER CANADA LEfJiSLATURE FROM 1792 TO 1841. MEMBERS. WHEN ELECTED. CONSTITUENCY. Alcock, Henry 1801 Durham, Simcoe and York (E. R. ) Adams, Gideon 1813 Atkinson, James 1825... 1835 Frontenac. Alway, R Oxford. Armstrong, J. R Aikman, M 1836 Prince Edward. 1836 Wentwortb. Booth, John 1/92 Buell, Wm 1801 1796,1801 1825 Leeds. Beasley, Richard W. R. Yotk, Ist Lincoln & Haldimc od. Halton. Burritt 1809 Baby, James 1792 York and Lincoln. Baby, J. B 1809, '20 Brownell, John 1809 Stormont and Russell. Baby, Francis 1829 Essex. Beikle, John Bumham, Zach 1813 1817, '20 1826 1813, '17, '20 1831 1836 N^orthnmberland and Durham. It 11 Northumba land. BarwelL Mahlon II II Oxford and Middlesex. Middlesex. i - ii •« London (town). 165 156 Appendix. HBHBBB8. Bostwick Bidwell, Barnabas . . Bidwell, M. S Berczy, W Baldwin, Dr. W. W. Beardaley, B. C Boulton, Geo. S. ... Blacklock, A. M Brouse, George Buell, Wm., Jr. .... Bethune, D Baldwin, Robt Brown, John Brant, John Boulton^H. J Bruce, W Bockua, Chaa Campbell, Alex. Cornwall ... Clench, Kalph... ^rysler, John Cowan, David Casey, Samuel Casey, Willett Cornwall, Joshua Cameron, John Colter, Jaa Chisholm, Alex Chisholm, Wm. Crooks, Jaa Crooks, Wm Clark, Matt Clark, John-' Cumminga Coleman, Thomas Cameron, Duncan Cawthra, John Caldwell, Francis Cook, John Cornwall, N Cameron, Mai C>«rtwright, John Solomon Dorland, Philip.. Dorland, Thomas Dickson, Thomas Durand, James . . Dalton, Thomas Dickson, R Dunlop, R. S.. Duncomb, Chas. D. Dehor, S. H. . . Draper, W.H... Elliott, Matt 1801, '05, '09 Essex, WHEN XLECTED. 1820 1821 1824, '25, '29, '31.. 1825, '29, '31 1820, '29 1826, '31 1825, '31, 35, '36. . . 1829 1829 1829, '31, "35 1829 laio 1831, 'a5 1831 1831 1835 1835 1792 1796 1801, '05 1813 1805, 13, '17, '25. 1805 1820 1817 1817 1817 1817 1835 1831, '36 ;.. 1820 1831 1823 1820, '25 1825 1825 1825 1829 1835, '36 18;i5, '36 1835 1836 1836 1792 1805, '09 1813 1814 1817 1836 1829 1829 1835 1831, '35, '36. 1836, '36 1836 1836 CONSTITUINOT. Lennox and Addington. Lennox and Addington. York. Norfolk. Lincoln. Durham. Stormont. Dundaa. Leeds. Kingston. York (town). Durham. Haldimand. Niagara. Stormont. Prince Edward. Lincoln (2nd, 3rd and 4th B.) Lincoln (2nd Riding). Dundaa. Essex. Lennox and Addington. Kent. Glengarry. Prince Edward. Glengarry. Halton. Halton. Lincoln. Lennox and Addington. Lincoln. Kingston. Hastings. Glengarry. Simcoe. Easex. Dundaa. Kent. Lanark. Lennox and Add! gtcn. Prince Edward. Lennox and Addington. Niagara Diatrict. Wentworth. Halton. Frontenac. Niagara (town). Him>n. Oxford. Norfolk. Lennox and Addington. Toronto. A2ypendix. 157 HIMBIBS. Ewing, Benj. Elliott, Wm. Elliott, Geo. . French, Jeremiah . Eraser Fairfield, William FergusoD, John . . . Frazer, W Frazer, Isaac .... Fothergill, Chas. . . Fairfield, Benj Frazer, Alex Frazer, R, D Frazer, Donald Ferrie, CO , Gray, R«bt. J. D. Gougb, Thos. B.. Ganoble, Moses . . . Gates Gordon, James. . . . Gibson, David.... Gilchrist Gowan, O. R Howard, Peter , Howard, Matt. H. fill, Sol all, Geo. B Hatt, Richard Hamilton, Geo Hamilton, Robt Hagerman, Daniel Hagerman. Chris. Alex. . . Homer, Tnos Henderson, R. E Hopkins, Caleb Hotham, R. P IngersoU, Chas. WHEN ELBCTED. 1825, '29. 1831 1836 1792 1796 1797 1801 1809 1817 1825, '29. 1813 1829, '31. 18,31 1832 1836 1796, 1801, '05. 1809 1817 1820 1820, '25 18;«, '36 1835. 1836 Jones, Ephraim Jones, Solomon . Jessnp, Edward Jones, Jonas . . . Jones, Charles ., Jones, David . . . Jones, Henry . . . Jessnp, Ed Jarvis, Wm. B.. Jarvis, George S. Kerr Eilbom, John . . Ketchum, Jesse Kearns, John . . Lewis, Levi ... 1805, '09, '17 1831, '35 1..05 1817 1818 1820, '25, '29 1820 1820 1831. '36 1820, '25, '29, '32. 1829 1829, '35 1836 1825, '31. 1792 1796 1796 1817, '20, '25. 1836 1820, '25 i825 1831 18.31 1831 1836 1820 1829 1829, '31. 1836 1809. CONSTITUENCY. Northumberland. Essex. Durham. Addington. Frontenac. Lennox and Addington. Lennox and Addington. Glengarry. Grenville. Lanark. Hamilton. Stormont and Russell. Halton. Kent. York (1st R.) Leeds. Leeds. York (W. R., and Lincoln lat K.) Essex. Halton. Wentworth. Lincoln. Lennox and Addington. Kingston. Oxford. Grenville. Halton. Prescott. Oxford. Grenville. Leeds. Leeds. LeeJs. Brockville. Grenville. York (town). Cornwall. Leeds. York. Prescott 158 Appendix. HEMBRBS. Lyons, James Lefferty, J. J Longley, Geo Lockwood, J. M Lewis, J. B Lonnt, Samuel Lyon, Geo McComb, William .... Macdonald, Hugh .... McDoneli, John McDonell, John McDoiiell, Ani(us McDonell, Alex McDonell, Angus .... McDonell, D McCrae, Thomas .... McCrae, William McKie, Thomas McLean, Allan Mallory, Bena jah McGregor, John Marcle, Henry McNab, James Marsh, Ab Mears, Thomas McMartin, Alex McCormick, Wm McLean, Arch Matthews, John McCal), Duncan McBride, Ed Morris, William Mackenzie, Wm. Lyon Malcolm, Finlay McDonald, Arch Mount, Roswell Macon, Jean B Macnab, Allan N McDonald, D, A McDonell, D Mcintosh, John McKay, Thomas McMicking, Gilbert . Manahan, Anthony. .. Mumey, Ed Matthewson, James ... Marks, John Morrison, T. D Moore, Elias Merritt, W. H Malloch, Ed McNeille^ge .... Nelles, Robt , Nichol, Robt.".'.".'.*.*.'.!! Norton, Hiram WHRN ELICTKI). 1825. '29 1825, "29 1829 1829 1831, '35, '36. 1835 1832 1792 1792 1792, '96,1813 1817 1802, '05 1801, '09, '13 1820, '25, '36 1801 18-20, 25, '29 ... . 1801 1835, '36 1796 1801 1805, '09,'13,'17,'20. 1805, '09 1805, '09, '13 1809, '13, 1809, '17 1S09 1809, '13 181.3, '17, '20, '31.. 1813, '17 1820, ■25,'29,'31,'36. 1825, '29 1825, '29, '31 1825 ... 1825, '29, '35 1829, '.31, '35 1829 1831, '35, '36 1831 1831 1831, '35, '36 18;«, '36... 1836 183.5, '.% 1835, '36 1835, '36 1836 18:^6 1836 1836 1835. '36 1835, '36 1832, '35, '36 1835, '36 1832 1801, '05, 13. 1817 181.S, '17, '20. 1835, '36 .... CONSTITUENCY. Northumberland. Lincoln. Grenville. Hastings. Carleton. Simcoe. Carleton. Glengarry. Prescott. Durham, Simcoe and East York. Glengarry and Prescott. Glengarry. Glengarry and Prescott. Prescott and Russell. Kent. Kent. Kent. Essex. Frontenac. Norfolk, Oxford and Middlesex. Kent. Dundas. Hastings. Stormont and Russell. Glengarry. Essex. Stormont. Middlesex. Norfolk. Niagara. Lanark. York (town.) Oxford. Northumberland. Middlesex. Essex. Wentworth. Stormont. Glengarry. York (4th R.) Russell. Lincoln (4th R.) Hastings. < ' Hastings. Prontenac, Frontenac. York (3rd R.) Middlesex. * Haldimand. Carleton. Norfolk. York (W. R.), Lincoln (Ist R.), and Ist Lincoln. [Haldimand. Norfolk. Grenville. Appendix. 169 MEMBERS. WHIN KLECTISD. CONSTITUENCY. Pettit, Nathaniel Pattinson, Richard Pattie, David 1792 1813 1820 Peterson, Paul 1820, '25, '29 1825, '29, '31, '35... 1825 1831 Prince Edward. Perry, Peter Lennox and Addiogton. Plater, Ely York and Simcoe. Pinkey, Hamnett Carleton. Parke, Thomas 1835, '36 Middlesex. Powell, J. A. H ism Lanark. Prince, John 1836 Essex. Rawlincr, Beni 1792 Robinson, Christopher .... Rogers, David McGregor. . Eoblin 1796 1796. 1801, '05, '09, '13, '20 1809 Addington. N'orthumberland and Hastings. Roblin, John 1831. '35 Prince Edward. Ridout, Thos. G 1813 West York and Simcoe. Robinson, Peter .... Randal, Robt Ruttan, Henry 1817, '20 1820, '2-), '29, '31. . . 1820. '36 York (E. R.) Lincoln. Northumberland. Bolph, John 1825, '29 Middlesex. Robinson, John Beverley. . RadenhurAt, I'hos 1820, '25. '29 1829 1829 1831, '35, '36 1835, -30 York (town). (?Ar1eton. Rolph, George Hal Con. Robinson. W. B Richardson, Charles Niagara. Rykert, George 1835. '36 Lincoln (2nd R.) Weutworth. Rymal Jacob 1835 Spencer, llazleton Smith, Thoraa) Swazey, Isaac 1792 1796 1792, 1801, '05, 13. 1817 • Lincoln (2nd, 3rd and 4th B.) Lincoln (4th R. ] Norfolk, Oxford and Middlesec. G ren ville. t« ' ' It Smith, D.W Sherwood, Samuel 1792, '96, 1801 1801, '05 Sherwood, L. P 1813, '20 Sovereign, Phil Street, Sam'l Secord, D 1809 1796, 1809 1809, 17 Lincoln (3rd R.) Stinson, John 1809 '13 Shaver, Peter 1820, •29,'3l,'35,'36. 1825 Scollick, William Halton. Smith, J. D 1829 Durham. Smith, Hermanus 1835 Wentworth. Samson, J. H 1829. '31 Hastings. SmaU 1835 Shibley, Jacob 1835 Strange 1835 1836 Sherwood, Henry Brockville. Shale, Ab. .. 1836 1796, 1801, '13 ... . 1806 FTnlf.nn Thompson, Timothy Thorp, Justice Lennox and Addington. York (2nd R.), Simcoe and Durham. Frontenac. Thomson, H. C. Thompson, Wm 1825, '29, '31 1825 ... Terry, Wm 1829 18:i5, •;36 1835 1836 Thorburn, David Lincoln (3rd R.) Thorn Thompson, Ed. W York (2nd R, f 160 Appendix. HKUBKRH. WHIN BLECTBU. Van Alstine, Peter. . . , Van Koughnet, Phil . , It White, John WllkinMn, Richard N Weaker, Jacob Waahbarn, Eben WilkinBon, W. B Weeks, Wm Wllaon. James WiicooKS, Joseph .... Willson, John Wilson, Growth" !!..'.'! Wilson, Jas White, Reuben Walsh, Francis L Wilmot, Samuel S. . . Wilkinson, Alex Wilkinson, John A . . . . Walter, Hamilton . . . . Woodruff, Wm Werdan, Asa. Wilson, Wm Warren, John Wool vei ton, Dennis.., Wells, W. B Waters Wickens, Chas Young—— Young, James Yager, Henry W. 179.3 .... 1817, '20. 1825 1792 1796 1801 1801, '05 1805 1806 1809 1809, '13 1809, '13 1820, '25, '29, '31. 1809 1820, '2.5, '29, '35 . 1820, '25, '31 1820, '35 1820 1825 1829, '35 1826 1829, '36 1831 1831,-35 118.31 1835 11835, '36 1835 1836 CONSTlTUlNCr. Prince Edward. Stormont anu P.ussell. Stormont. Uundas. Prince Edward. Glengarry and Prescott. York (2nd B,), Simcoe and Durham York (W. R.) Wentworth. Prince Edward. Hastings. Norfolk. Essex. Essex. Grenville. Lincoln. Prince Edward. Not folk. Haldimrnd. Lincoln. Grenville. Simcoe. 1792 , 1813 1 1835 iHastings. LIST OF MEMBERS FROM UPPER CANADA IN THE UNITED PARLIA- MENT FROM 1841-1867. VEHBERS. WHEN ELECTED. C0^•8TITUENCY. Aikins, Ja.. C ia54, '58 Peel. /ilan, Chaa 1858 1861 Wellington (N.R.) Prince Edward. Andenoo, Wm., Jun Ault, Samuel Baldwin, Robert II II 1861 1841 1841, '44 Stormont. Hastingp. York (4th R.) " (N.R.) Northumberland (S. R.) Toronto. \ ll ll BoBwell, Geo. Mono 1848 1841 Buchanan, Isaac 1841 Boulton, Henry J 1842 1848 Niagara (town). Norfolk. II II BoultoD, Wm. H BurriM, Read 1844, '48 1848 Toronto. Grenville. BrowD, Geonre 18.51, '64 Rent. MJ «^ «,VTW.gO............ II II 18.58, '62, '64 1858 Oxford. Toronto. Burnham, Asa A 1851 Northumberland (W. R.) York (E. R.) Brant (W. R.) Durham (E. R.) Lanark. Blake, Wm. Hume 1848 Biggar, Herbert 1854, '58 Burton, F. H Bell, Robt 1854, '58 1848 1854, '68, '61 1861 BeU, Robt Lanark (N. R.) Russell. - II II . Bowes, John G Burwell, Leonidas 1854 1858, '61 Toronto. Elgin (E. R.) Hamilton. Buchanan, Isaac 1858, '61, '63 1858, '61 1861 Benjamin, Geo Ha8tinM(N. R.) Brant (E. R.) Northumberiand (E. R.) Cornwall. Bown, J. Y Biggar, Jas. Lyon 1861 Chealey, Sol. Y 1841 Cook, «rno 1841 Dundas. Conger, R. B Craik, Robert 1847 Prince Edward. 1861 Middlesex (E. R.) Oxford. Cook, Ephraim 1854... Conger, WiUon S 1866 Peterboro'. Crane, Samuel 1841 Grenville. Cameron, Malcolm 1841, '44 Lanark. II II II II 1848 1851 Kent. Huron. II II 1868 Lambton. Curtwright, John Sol 1341 Lennox and Addington. Niagara. Halton (E. R.) Lincoln (S. R.) Brockville. Went worth. Campbell, Ed. C 1841 Chalmers, Geo 1844 Cummings, Jas Crawford, Geo Christie, David. 1844 1851, '54 1851 .1 II 1858 Brant (E.R.) Chrysler, John Pliny Chisholm, Geo. K ] 1848, '54 1854 Dundas. Halton. 161 162 Appendix, MKUBBRS. Cayley, Wm Church, Basil R...'." Cameron, J. Hillvord 11 •! II il Clark, Wm Cook, Jas. W Carling, Jno Clark, Jno. R Connor, Skeffington. . Cameron, John Cookbum, Jas Cameron, M. C Crawford, John .... Cowan, Jas Derbishere, Stewart.. Dunn, John Henry. . Duggan, George, Jan Durand, James Day, Chas. Dewey..., Dunlop, Wm Dickson, Walter H . . Dixon, Thos. C Deloug, Jesse D<*ly, Thos. Mayne . . Dorland. W.C Dickson, Ja? , Dawson, Wm. Met). Dunsford, Jas. W... Draper, Wm. H •I 11 Ermatinger, Ed . . . . . Egan, John..' Ferguson, A.J Flint, Billa II i< Folev.M.H..'.'.*. '.'.*.." Ferrie,Robt !!!."!!!! Finlayson, Hugh Frazer, John Freeman, Sam. B. . . . Ferguson, Thos. R. . Gilchrist, John Gowan, Ogle R. .... Gamble, John W. . . . Gould, Jos Gibbs, T.N Hopkins^aleb Hincks, Francis .... (I II II n Harrison, Samuel B. II It WHEN ELECTED. 1815, '48. 1854 1854, '58. 18.54 184S 18BI ...... 1854, '01 . 18.58 1858, '61. 1858 ia58, '61 . 1858 .... 1C61, '63. 1861, '64. 1861 1861.. .. 1841 1841 1841, '44 1841 1841 1811, '44 1844, *48 1851 1854 1854, '58, '62. 18.58 1861 1861 1861 1841 1845 1844 1848, '51. 18.51, '54 1848 , 1854 1854, '58, '61 . 1861 1854 1858 1854 , 1854 18.58. '61 1841 1844 .... 1851, '54. 1854. '58. 1864 1841, '50 1811, '48, '31, '54. 1851 1854 1841 1844 CO.NHTITUKNCY. Huron. Huron and Bruce. Leeds and Grenville (N, R.) Toronto. Cornwall. Peel. Wellington (N. R.) Dundai, London. Northumberland (B. R.) Oxford (S.R.) Victoria. Northumberland (W. R.) Ontario (N.R.) Toronto (E.R.) Waterloo (H. R.) Bytown. Toronto. York {2nd R.) Halton (W.R.) Ottawa. Huron. Niagara (town) Lo:idun (town) Leeds (S. R.) Perth. Prince Edward. Huron and Bruce. Ottawa. Victoria. Russell. London. Middlesex. Ottawa. Waterloo. Hastings. Hastings (S. R.) Waterloo (N.R. » Perth. Waterloo (S. R.) Brant (E. R.) Welland. Wentworth (S. R,} Simcoe (S. R.) Northumberland (N. R.) Leeds. York (S. R.) Ontario (N. R.) Ontario (S. R.) Halton (E. R.) Oxford. Niagara. Renfrew. Kingston (town). Kent. Ai>peii(lix 168 MEMBIRB. WHRN ELECTRD. Hall, (>eorge B Hall, JameH Hartinan, Joseph Hogan, John S . Hounea, John Howland, W.P Harcourt, Michael HaultaiD, F. W Johnston, James Jesaup, H.D Johnston, T.H Jackson, Leo Killaly, Hamilton Lawrason, Lawrence Langton, John Lyon. George Byron F. . . . Lyon, George Larwill, Edwin Lumsden, J.MacV Loux, John W McDonald, John Sandfield I. << McLean, Alexander. McDonald, Donald Morris, James Manahan, Anthony Macnab, Allan A Merritt, William H Macdonald, BoUand Macdonnell, George Murney, Edmund Macdonald, John A Meyers, Adam H McFarland, Duncan McLachlin, Daniel Malloch, Edward McDonald, Bod Mackenzie, William Lyon. Mattice, William McEerlie, Daniel Munro, Henry McBeth, George Morrison, Joseph C (I i< Grant, Alexander J Gibson, J. M Gillies, John Gould, I. J Gray, John Gsrson, William. . . . Guthrie, Donald. . . . Oilmour, J. T Godwin, H. T Garrow, J. T Glendinning, James. Hooper, £. J Hays, W. T Hodgins, Thomas . . Hamilton, George W Harrington, Eric. ... Hunter, James H . . Haney, Henry R.. Hanjraft.W Hay, D. D Hardy, A. S Harkin, W Hunter, James H.. Hawley, G. D Haroourt, Richard . . Hammel, W. H.... Hudson, W. P Hess, George....... Hagar, Albert Hart, James WHEN ELEOTCn. 1871 1871 1875 1874,75 1880, '84, '87, '90. 1875, '80, "84.... 1875 1880, '84, '87.... 1880, '84, '87.... 1880 1887, '90 1884 1884, '87, '90.... 1885, '87, '90. . . . CONSTITUENCY. 1867, '71 18C7, '71 1867, '71 1867 1867, '71, '75 . 1867 1872 1871, '75,'80,'84;87, '90 1874 1871. '75 1871 1875 1875, '80, '84, '87.. 1875 1880, '84, '87, '89,'90 1884 1884, '87 1884 1887 1887, '90 1887, '90 1891 1891 1891 1867 1867 1871 1871 1871 1875 1873, '75 1875 1«75, '80 1874,'80,'84,'87,'90 1875, '80 1880, '91 1880, '84, '85 1878, '8 •, '84,'87,'90 1884, '87, '90 1884, '87, '90 1884, '87 1881, '84 1884 Ontario (S. R.). Peterboro' (W. R.) Cardwell. Grenville (S. R.) Brockville. Northumberland (E. R.) Waterloo (S. R.) Grenville (S. R.) Norfolk (N.R.) Northumberland (W. R.) Muskoka and Parry Sound. Victoria (N. R.) Kent (E. R.). Hastings (W. R.) Huron (S. R.) Lanark (N. R.) Prince Edward. Wellington (S. R.) York (W. R.) Northumberiand (W. R.) Huron (E.R.) Leeds (S. R.) Lennox. Perth (S. R.) Frontenac. Lambton (E. R.) Glengarry. Hamilton. Bruce (N. R) Ontario " York (W. R.) Lincoln. Wellington (S. R ' York(W. R.) Elgin (E. R.) Huron (W. R.) Ontario (N. R.) Addington. Huron (N. R.) Elgin (W. R.) Prescott. Renfrew (S. R.) Grey (3. R.) Monck. Northumberland (W. R.) Perth (N. R.) Brant (S.R.) Prescott. Grey(S. R.) Lennox. Monck. Cardwell. Hastings (E.R.) Perth (N. R.) Prescott. Prince Edward. Appendix. 16D MEMBEBB. Hilliard, Daniel. HiBcott, James... Harty, Wm iDgram, A. B. Johnston, Alexander. Jelly, William Keen, John Kerr, Joseph Kerns, William.. Kirkwood, James. Lyon, B. A. ... Luton, D Lauder, A. W Lount, W Long, Thomas Lane, John Lyon, B. A Lees, William Livingston, James. Laidlaw, James . . . Leys, John Lockhart.W. T... Loughrin. John... McKellar.A. WHEN FLECTED. 1887, 1890. 1892. 1887. 1884. 1880. 1875 1880, '84 1884, '87, '90. 1891 CONSTITUENCY. MacDonald, John Sanfield McLeod, John McCoU, Nicol McOall, S McUill, Dr Monteith, A Matchett, T McKim, R McMurrich, John McDougall, J. L. McManu", George Monk, George Wm 1867.. 1867 1867,71,'75,'80,'84 1867 1875, '80 1875 L879, '84, '85 1880, '84, '87 1880 1880, '84 1887 1890 Merrick, Henry Macdonald, H. S McKenzie, Alexander . . , McCallum, Lachlin McKae, Duncan Mclntyre, A. F Munro, Malcolm G McCuaig, James S Mostyn, W Meredith, W. R McDougall, John. Miller, John C. Mowat, Oliver. . . . McGowan, John. . K 1867,71 1875 1867,71 1867, '72, '76 1867 1867,71 1867 1867.71 1867 1867, '71, '80, '84.. J867 1867 1871 1871, 75, '80, '84,'87 '90 1871,'75,'80,'84 1871 1871 1871 1871 1875 1875 1872 1875 1872, '75,'80,'84.'87. '90 , 1875.... 1875, '80 1872,'75,'80, '84, '87, '90 Lanark (N. R.) Lincoln. Kingston. Elgin (W.R.) Middlesex (W.R.) DuiTerin. Simcoe. Stormont. Halton. WeUington (E. R.) Carleton. Elgin (E. R.) Grey (S. R.) Simcoe (N.B.) Simcoe (W. R.) York(E. R.) Algoma. Lanark (S. R.) Waterloo (S. K.) Wellington (S. R.) "Toronto. Durham (W. R.) Nipissing. Bothwell. Kent (E. R.) Cornwall. Durham (W.R.) Elgin (W.R.) Noifolk (S. R.) OnUrio (S. R.) Perth (IN. R.) Victoria (S. R.) Wellington (N. R.) York (N. R.) Renfrew (S. R.) CardwelL Carleton. Leeds andGrenville (N. R.) Leeds (S.B.) Middlesex (W.R.) Monck. Victoria (N. R.) Cornwall. Elgin (W.R.) Prince Edward. Lanark (N. R.) Lon«?'>n. Middlesex (N.R.) Moakoka and Parry Sound, Oxford (N. R.) 1874 .■.IWeUington (N. R.) 170 Appendix, MEMBEBS. i ' Mack, William McLaughlin, J. W. . . , , MacMa^ter, Donald . . . McCraney. Daniel Metcalfe,.!. H Morgan,Williaui Murray, Thomas Morgan, Ira Morria, Alexander McLawd, David Madill, Frank McMahon, James McGhce, Robert McKenzie, Donald Mulholland, Uobert . . , McOolman, N'eil AfcKay, George R; . , , Mclntyre, D. J Master, Isaac Morin, James E Miller, J. S Meacham, W, W.... , Marter, George F McAllister, William 6 McKay, Angus , McAndrew, J. A McKenzie, Hugh . . . . , Mackenzie, Charles ... McLenaghan, N Magwood, Thomas Miacampbell, Andrew, McKay, John Moore, J. D , McCIearv, William . , McColl, Dugald McKechnie, Gilbert , . XeeloD, Sylvester Near, Daniel Nairn, T. M Oliver, Adam O'Donoughue, D. J.. O'SuUivan, J O'Connor, H. P Ostrom, 6. W Pardee, Timothy Blair Paxton, Thomas Perry, G Prince, Albert Patterson, Peter. , . . . . Patterson, J. C Preston, R. H Parkhill.W. J Peck, S. S Phelps, O. J,. Pacaud, Gaspard WHEN ELECTED. 1880 1887, '90 1880, '87 1880 1880, '84 1880, '81, '87, '91.. 1880, '84, '87 1867, '80, '84, '87.. 1880 1878, '80, '84 1878 1881 1880, '84, '87, '90.. 1884 1884 1884 1884 1884 1884 1878, '82, '84, '87.. 1884, '87 1887..... 1887, '90 1887, '90 1882 1887, '90 1887 1891 1890, '90 1891 1891 1891 1891 1891 1891 1891 1891 1875, '80, '84. 1880 1880, '87 1867,71, '75 1874, 75 1875 1882, '84, '87, '90. 1887 C0N8TITUEKCY. 1867,71,'75,'80,'84, 18C7, 71, '76, '80. 18<.7, '71 1871 1871, 75, '80 1875 1875, '84, '87, '90. . 1878, '80 1880 1884, '87 1887 Cornwall. Stormont Durham (W. R.) Glengarry. Kent (E. R.) Kingston. Norfolk (S. R.) Renfrew (N. R.) Russell. Toronto (E. R.) Elgin (W. R.) Ontaiio(N.R.) Wentworth (N. R.) Duiferln. Middlesex (E.R.) Northumberland ( W. Grey(E. R.) Simcoe (S. R.) Victoria (S.R.) Waterloo (S. R.) Wetland. Addington. Lennox. Muskoka. Renfrew (N. R.) Oxford (S. R.) Renfrew (S. R.) Lanbton(E. R.) Lambton (W. R.) Lanark (S. R.) Perth (N.R.) Simcue (E. R.) Victoria (W. K.) Waterloo (S. R.) Welland. Elgin (W. R.) Grey(S. R.) Lincoln. Welland. Elgin (E. B.) Oxford (S. R.) Ottawa. Peterboro' (E.R.) Brucj (S. R.) Hastings (W. R.) Lambton, Ontario (N. R.) Oxford (N. R.) Essex. York (W. R.) Essex (W.R.) Leeds (S. R.) bimcoe (S. B.) Victoria (N.R.) i3imco«(W. R.) Essex (N. R.) R.) Appendix. 171 MEHBKBS. WHBir ILICTED. C0N8TITUKHCY. Paton, Robert 1890 SImcoe (C. R.) Lincoln. Niagara. Halton. Rykert, J.C Robertson, D 1867, '71 1867 ;• li 1880 Reid, George Robinson, William 1867, 71. 1871, '75.. 1871 Peterboro'(E.R.) Kingston. Niagara. Durham (E. B.) Huron (W. R.) Norfolk (S. R. Cardwell. Richards, Stephen RoBsvear, John 1875, '80. 1875, '80, 1875 Ross, A '84, '87.. Richardson, R Robinson, Charles 1880 Robertson, Alexander .... 1880 Hastinfrs (W. R.) KentiW. R.) Robinson, Edward 1880 Richardson, William 1880 Leeds (S.R.) OnmwAll. Ross, A. P 1884 Rayside, James 1882, '84, 1884 '87, '90. , Glengarry. Lennox. Roe, Alexander, H Rose, Bal tis 1882 Htotings (W. R.) • Russell. Robillard, Hocor^ 1884 Robillard, Alexander 1887, '90. 1887, '90. 1887, '90. 1890 Russell. Rorke, Joseph Grey (G. R.) MiddlesexlW.R.) Addington. Toronto. Ross, G. W. Reid, James Ryerson, George Egerton. . 1893 Sinclair, D Swinarton, T 1867, '71, 18G7 75, '80. . Bruce (N. R.) Cardwell. Smith, Sir Henry 1867 Frontenac. Scott, T 1867, 71, 1867 75 Grey(N. R.) Kent Smith, J Strange, M.W 1867 Kingston. Lanark (S. R.) Leeds and Grenville (N. R.) Xjennox. Shaw, W. M 1867 Smith, H. D 1867 Stevenson, J 1867 Smith, J. S 1867, '71. 1867 Middlesex (N.R.) Monck. Secord, G Scott, R. W 1867, '71. 1867 Ottawa. Supple, John Renfrew (N. R.) Waterloo (N. R.) Wentworth (S. R.) Prinre Edward Springer, M._ Sexton, William 1867. '71, 1867, 71, 1871, 75, 1872 75, '80. . '75 '80 Striker, Gideon Snetsinger, J. G Cornwall. Smith, John D 1875 Victoria (N. R.) Wentworth (N. R.) Peterboro' (W. R.) Hastings (W. R.) Waterloo (N.R.) Dufferin. Stock,Thoma8 1875 Scott, W. H 1874, '80 1884 - Sills, E.G Snider, E. W. B Stewart, F. C 1881, '84, 1887 '87, '90. . Smith, G. B 1887, '90. 1887, '90. 1887, '90. 1888, '90. 1890 York(E. R.) Peterboro' (W. R.) Prince Edward Stratton, .Tames R Sprague, John A Smith, Hugh Sharpe, James Parry Sound. i Peel Smith, John 1892 Tett, B 1867 Leeds S.R.) Perth S. R.) Middlesex (£. R ) Toronto. Trow, J 1867 Tooler, Richard 1871, '75, 1890 '80,'87,'90 Tait, Joseph r 172 Appendix. MEMBEBS. Wood, E. B WUliama, A. T. H., WiglP, 8 WmiamR, J. M..,, Wilson, JameH ■W rUw, J Wilw.n, J. H Webb, W. W Wood, S. C Well^R. M Wide, Lewis Will«. Thomas Watter worth, John Widdifipld.J. H.... White, Solomon Waters, John Wilmot, Henry Wood, A. F Wood,W. B WiUoughby, W. A.. Wylie, Thomas Whitney, J. P WHEN ELECTED, 1867, 18«7, 1867. 1867, 1867. 1867. 1871, 1871. 1871, 1872, 1876, 1875. 1873, 1875, 1878, 1880, 11884, .1884, .1887, .!l887, . 11887. .1888, 71. 71. 71, 75. 75.. 75, '80. 75, '80, '80 75, '80 '80, '84, '87. '80, '84, '90. '84, '87, '90. '87 '87, '90 '90 '90 '90 '90: Young, James 1880, '84 Brant (N. R. ) C0N8TITUBKCY. Brant (S. R.) , Durham (E. R.) Essex. Hamilton. Norfolk (N. B.) Toronto (West). Elgin (E. R.) Northumberland (E. R.) Victoria (S. R.) Bruce (S.R.) Essex. Hastings (W. B.) Middlesex (W.R.) York (N. R ) Essex (N.R.) Middlesex (N. R.) Frontenac Hastings (N. B.) Brant (iV. R.) Northumberland (E. B.) Simcoe(W.R.) Dundas.