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aBSBFSJSBem'il ■"«-•■; 
 
 ,0<^vcy 
 
 X 
 
 BULLETINS ^-^;>\,<!. 
 
 OP 
 
 y 
 
 AMERICAN 
 
 PALEONTOLOGY 
 
 Vo;.. II 
 
 Dec. 'p6 — Mar. *p8 
 
 Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. 
 Harris Company. 
 
CONTENTS OF VOL. H. 
 
 Bull. No. 6.— The Relation of the Fauna of the Ithaca 
 Group to the Faunas of the Portage 
 and Chemung, By E. M. Kindle. Map. PI. i, Page 1-56 
 
 7._The Bibliography of the Geological, Miner- 
 alogical and Paleontological Literature 
 of the State of Virginia, By T, L. 
 Watson • 57-166 
 
 8._N((te8 on Eocene Mullusca, with Descrip- 
 tions of Some New Species, By T. H. 
 Ai^DRiCH ^-6. 167-192 
 
 9.-The Lignitic Stage, Part I; Stratigraphy 
 
 and Pelecypoda, By G. D. Harris 7-20 193-294 
 
 10.— The Tertiary and Pleistocene Foraminifera 
 ofthe Middle Atlantic §lope, By R. M. 
 BAGC.jR 21-23 295-348 
 
 Index to Vol. II 349-362 
 
 'SOGO 
 
■AM 
 
f 
 
J 
 
 *1^<')-»^ 
 
 
 r-^^a^. 
 
 ■'' Hs^ 
 
 ■^ :^N ' ' 
 
 Tribh: 
 
 
 // lypical Ithaca Croup exposure 
 vSee pp. iS-19, stations 9, 10, 11. 
 
 riwto hy J. O. Martiv. 
 
Vol. a 
 
 BUI^LETINS 
 
 OF 
 
 AMERICAN PAI.BONTOI.OGY 
 
 No. 6 
 
 THE RELATION OF THE FAUNA OF THE ITHACA 
 
 GROUP TO THE FAUNAS OF THE 
 
 PORTAGE AND CHEWIUNG 
 
 BY 
 
 Edward M. Ktndlr 
 
 December 25, 1896 
 
 Itliaca, N. Y. 
 IT. S. A. 
 

M 
 
 THE RPXATION OF THE FAUNA OF THE ITHACA 
 
 GRIUP TO THE FAUNAS OF THE 
 
 PORTAGE AND CHEMUNG. 
 
 HY 
 
 E. M. Kindle, 
 
 SC^A/A/.^/^y OF CONTENTS. 
 
 PART I 5-15 
 
 Introduction 5 
 
 Brief Review oe the Study of the Upper De- 
 vonian IN New York 5-15 
 
 PART II 16-32 
 
 The Ithaca Sections 16 
 
 Section I, Fall Creek: Station /, 17; ^, 17; j, 
 17;^, 18; .fa, 18; 5b, 18; /5, 18; 7, 18; 8, 18; 9, 18; ro 
 &//, [9; /2, 19; /J. 19 17-19 
 
 Section II, Cascadilla Creek: Station /, 20; 2, 
 
 20; J & 4, 20; 5, 20; 6, 20; 7, 20; S, 21; p, 21; /n, 21 ; 
 
 // & 12, 21; /J, 21; 14, 21; /J, 22; /6, 22; /7 & iS, 22.20-22 
 
 Section III, University, McGraw and Cor- 
 nell Quarries: Station /, 22; 2, 23; j, 23 22-23 
 
 Section IV, Williams Creek: Station /, 23; 2, 
 
 23; .? & /. 23; 5, 23; 6, 24; 7, 24 23-24 
 
 Section V, Quarries near Six-mile Creek: 
 
 Station /, 24; 2, 24; j, 24; 4, 25; 5, 2;; <5, 25; 7, 25. ...24-25 
 Section VI, Buttermilk Creek: Station /, 26; 
 
 ^, 26; J, 27; ^, 27; 5. 27; <5, 27; 7, 27 26-27 
 
 Section VII, McKinney's Station: Station i, 
 
 27; 2, 28; J. 28; /, 28; 5, 28; 6, 28\ 7, 29; S, 29; /o, 
 
 r' 29; //, 29 27-29 
 
niTMT^'Vl 
 
 y 
 
 V. 
 
 4 HULI.KTIN 6 4 
 
 * Section VIII, Glenwood: Sfathm /, 30; 2, 30; 
 
 .?. 3^-: i'. 30; 5. 3<^> 30 
 
 Section IX, Ren wick Brook: Sfafhw /, 31; ^, 
 
 31; J, 31: /. 31; .7. 31; ''' «: 7. 31 31 
 
 Section X, Newfield Creek: Station / , 31; 2, 
 
 32; .?, 32; ^, 32; .f. 32; ''^ 32; 7. 32 31-32 
 
 Taiile Showixc. thk Ranc.k of Somk ok thk Spk- 
 
 CIEvS OF THE PoRTA(;E AND ItAaCA FaVNAS AT ITH- 
 ACA, N. V opp. 32 
 
 PART III -,3-47 
 
 List of vSpectes Occi'hrinc; in the Portacje and 
 
 Ith AC a ( tRoups 33-47 
 
 CcRlenterata 33 
 
 Echinodermata 33-34 
 
 Molluscoidea and Mollusca: HrachidixKla, 34- 
 
 38; Pterop«da, 38; (Tastro[K>da, 38-39; Cephalopoda. 
 
 39-40; Pelecypoda, 40-46 34-4^ 
 
 Crustacea 46 
 
 Vetrebrata: Pisces, 46 46 
 
 Plantae 47 
 
 Typical Chemttnc. Fauna 47 
 
 PART IV 4«-54 
 
 Summary. 48-49 
 
 A LIvSTofthe more important Papers and Works 
 
 con.sulted,in thk preparation (!f this work 49-54 
 
 Plate and Explanation ... 56 
 
Ithaca Group 
 
 :':% V- '■■.'■■..., PART I. 
 
 Introduction. 
 
 The more recent .studies of the Upper Devonian in New York 
 have shown that some of its five divisions are closely related to 
 each other by their fossil remains. Some of the most characfler- 
 istic fo.ssils of one group often begin to appear in the formation 
 just below it. and to continue, though less abundantly, into the 
 succeeding horizon. It is for this reason often difficult to decide 
 whether a group is more closely related to the beds above or be- 
 low it. In the case of that at Ithaca, opposite views have been 
 held by the two paleontologists best acquainted with it at the 
 typical locality — Prof. Hall including it in the Chemung and 
 D'\ Williams placing it wi.h the Portage. 
 
 The present paper has to offer such data and conclusions on 
 the relations wiilch these faunas sustain to each other as the 
 writer has been able to gather from the detailed study of sever- 
 al j-e(5tions near Ithaca. All of the material collecled during 
 this study has been presented to Cornell University and may 
 be found catalogued in the Paleontological Museum. 
 
 Brief Review of the Study of the Upper Devonian in 
 
 New York. 
 
 The basis of the present classification and division of the New 
 York Devonian was developed by the geologists of the New 
 York Survey — Hall, Vanuxem, Conrad and Emmons — during 
 the first ten years of its existence. 
 
 The firsi attempt to determine the age of the New York De- 
 vonian by means of its fossil remains was made by Prof. Tas. 
 Hall, who .stated in 1838 that he considered "the rocks of the 
 4th Distri(5\ as belonging to the Old Red sandstone and the Car- 
 boniferous group and to be above the Silurian system of Mr. 
 Murchi.son."^^ 
 
 Prof. Hall first introduced the term Ithaca group in 1839.! 
 As originally defined by him it included the rocks about the 
 .south end of Cayuga Lake lying bctwepn the Genesee shale, or 
 Black shale as it was first called, and the Chemung. 
 
 In the Report for 1840,^ Lardner Vanuxem gave the name 
 
 *2<1 Aiin'l Rep'l 4th Geol. Dist., p. 291, 183.S. ..--.„ _ 
 
 t3<'i .Xnn'l Rep't 4th Geol. Dist., p. :\i8, 1839, 
 t:"4th Ann'l Rep't ^d Geol. Dist., p. 381, 1840. 
 
I N 
 
 6 
 
 Bulletin 6 
 
 i 
 
 11 1 
 
 Sherburne flagstone to the lower part of Hall's Ithaca group. 
 His classification of the Upper Devonian of New York was as 
 follows: — 
 
 Tully limestone. 
 
 Black shale. 
 
 Sherburne flagstone. 
 
 Ithaca group. 
 
 Chemung group. 
 
 Montrose sandstone or sandstone of Oneonta. 
 
 In his Report for the 4th Di.stri(5l,* Prof Hall states that in 
 the Genesee valley the Ithaca group and the Tully limestone 
 are wanting. He recognized there the following formations: — 
 
 Portage g''oup. 
 Gardeau group. 
 Cashaqua shale. 
 Encrinal limestone. 
 
 In 1 842 the geologists of the 3d and 4th Distri(5ls had reached 
 opposite views as to the relation of the Ithaca group to the for- 
 mations above and below it. Mr. Vanuxem states t that he had 
 intended uniting the Sherburne and Ithaca groups into one, 
 while Mr. Hall wished to unite the Ithaca and Chemung. 
 Vanuxem, however, retained the origmal arrangement, only sub- 
 stituting the name Portage or Nunda group v.hich Hall had 
 u.sed in western New York for Sherburne. No distin(5t line of 
 division is indicated by Vanuxem between the Ithaca group 
 and the Portage below or the Chemung above. In the Report 
 for 1842,]: Vanuxem introduced the term " New York System" 
 to include all of the New York formations from the Potsdam 
 sandstone to the Chemung inclusive. The following is his 
 clas.sification of the upper part of the New York System: — 
 
 Catskill group. 
 
 Chemung group. 
 Ithaca group. 
 Portage group. 
 Genesee slate. 
 Tully limestone. 
 Hamilton group. 
 Marcellus shales. 
 
 Prof. Hall united the Ithaca group with the Chenuuig in the 
 
 *4th Ann'l Rep't 4th (ieol. Dist., p. 390, 1840, -y, .--..-^l^:': 
 
 t Final Rep't Surv. of y\ (leol. Dist., p. 171, 1842. '< * 
 
 t Final Rep't Surv. of "v^ ^^eol. Disl., p. 13, 1842. ---— — -i; - 
 
 New York System. — Erie division. - 
 
?% 
 
 ?a ^roup. 
 \k was as 
 
 ;s that in 
 limestone 
 knations: — 
 
 ad reached 
 to the for- 
 lat he had 
 into one, 
 Chemung. 
 :, only sub- 
 i Hall had 
 in{5l line of 
 liaca group 
 the Report 
 k System" 
 le Potsdam 
 r'mg is his 
 stem: — 
 
 group. 
 
 3Up. 
 
 roup. 
 
 late. 
 
 estone. 
 
 group. 
 
 shales. 
 
 uuig in the 
 
 i'. 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 Report for 1843 and made the following classification: 
 
 O g 
 
 I- 
 
 .0 
 > 
 
 V 
 
 Chemung group. 
 Portage or Nunda group. 
 Genesee slate. 
 Tully limestone. 
 
 Hamilton group -j Encrinal limetone. 
 
 Marcellus slate. ( Ludlowville .shales. 
 
 ( Portage sandstone. 
 ^ Gardeau flagstone. 
 ( Cashaqua shale. 
 M0.SCOW shales. 
 
 \ 
 
 Hall states as the reason for uniting the Ithaca and Chemung, 
 the impos.sibility of distinguishing them by any charadleristic 
 fossils. In the valley of the Genesee river Prof. Hall found the 
 three divisions of the Portage distin(5l and well marked, but 
 toward the south end of Cayuga lake he considered them scarce- 
 ly distinguishable. He considered the Portage fossils entirely 
 distindl from those above, and states* that he never saw one of 
 the Portage fossils in the higher group. As will be shown 
 later, this opinion was due to the lack of an intimate knowledge 
 of these faunas. 
 
 The classification of the Upper Devonian in eastern New York 
 has been attended with much difficulty. The absence or .scarcity 
 of fossils in much of the series in that part of the State made 
 its correlation with the well defined faunas to the west difficult 
 and uncertain. 
 
 Vanuxem in 1840 recognized t a formation in the 3d Distridl 
 which he considered distincfl from the Chemung and more re- 
 cent. He called this the " Montro.se .sandstone" from the town 
 of Montrose in Pennsylvania where it is well developed. 
 
 Mather included all of the rocks of the Catskill mountains in 
 his "Cat.skill Mountain Series" which he subdivided as fol- 
 lows t: — 
 
 1 . Conglomerates and grits. 
 
 ( Red and gray grits with red shales mottled with green 
 
 2. I .spots. 
 
 ( Montro.se sandstone of Prof. Vanuxem. 
 
 3. Chemung group of Prof. Vanuxem. 
 
 4. Ithaca group of Prof. Vanuxem. 
 Sherburne flags. 
 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 8. 
 
 Hamilton group. 
 Marcellus shales. 
 
 *Geol. of N. Y.. I'art 4, p. 229, 1843. 
 
 t4th Ann'l Rep't vl ti<-*ol. Di-st.. p. 381, 1840. 
 
 t-jth Ann'l Rep't Kst Geol. Dist., p. 77, 1841. _ __ 
 
 _e8JiQ_ 
 
 _J__ 
 
I 
 
 I I 
 
 i p 
 
 I ■ 
 1 r 
 
 
 Bulletin 6 
 
 ■|^ 
 
 I I 
 
 In his final Reix)rt* Vanuxeni used the term "Catskill group" 
 for the uppermost member of the New York System which he 
 had previously called Montrose sandstone. The Catskill group 
 continued to be regarded for several years as distin<5l from and 
 subsequent in time of deposition to the Chemung. 
 
 The preliminary work of the classification of the New York 
 strata according to their organic contents into the groups which 
 have since been recognized as the paleontolgic units for the 
 United States was completed with the publication of the final 
 reports of the different districts from 1840 to 1843. 
 
 In 1847 Edward de Verneuil visited America and correlated 
 the divisions of the New York System with the European for- 
 mations. + The divisions of the Erie and the five superior divis- 
 ions of the Helderl)erg he correlated with the Devonian of Eng- 
 land. He proposed to combine the Marcellus shale, Hamilton 
 group and Tully limestone into one division, and the Portage 
 and Chemung groups into a second division of the Devonian. 
 
 The di.scovery in the year i86_' of fish bones of a chara(5leristic 
 Catskill species associated with Chemung fossils in the Catskill 
 rocks created doubt as to the superior position of those deposits. 
 Col. E. Jewett declared his belief that there]: "is no Old Red 
 sandstone in the State." Prof. Hall was led by the same fa(5t 
 to modify his views of the extent of the Catskill group. He 
 expressed the opinion that the "greater part of the area colored 
 on the geological map of New York as Catskill group is in fa(5l 
 occupied by the Portage and Chemung. "J^ 
 
 A comparative study of the Upper Devonian faunas of New 
 York led Prof. H. S. Williams to consider the Chemung and 
 Catskill as contemporaneous formations. |i 
 
 In his vice-presidential address^ in 1891 Prof. J. J. Stevenson 
 reviewed in detail the evidence bearing on the relation of the 
 Catskill to the Chenumg and their extent. He considered the 
 Catskill and Chennnig to have been deposited synchronously in 
 a shallow basin subsiding most rapidly to the east. 
 
 Mr. N. H. Darton proposed** as the re.sult of .stratigraphical 
 studies in the Catskill region that "Catskill" Ix' broadened 
 
 *rTeol. of N. Y., Pari 3, p. 16, 1842. , 
 
 t BuU. (ieol. Soc. of rrance, 2d ser., vol. iv. M , • ' ' : ^ 
 
 J Am. Jr. Sci., 2d ser., vol. xxxiv, p. 418. ^ ^ « ^: 
 
 - - JCan. Nat. and Jr. of vSci., new ser., vol. vii, p. 377. ^--.-~-„ . ,^„.^,^,^„ 
 II Bull. U. S. (ieol. Surv., No. 41. ' ^ - . , . v- 
 
 f Proc. Am. .\.s.soc. Adv. Sci., 1891, p. 241. 
 **Am. Jr. Sci.. 3d vSer., vol. xlv, pp. 203-209. 
 
9 Ithaca Group 9 
 
 from the name of an epoch to that of a period, and that it in- 
 clude the Chemung and Portage epochs. This suggestion to 
 substitute the name of a local formation not well charadlerized 
 paleontologically for one of wide extent with a very distincflive 
 fauna like the Chemung has not met with favor and has been 
 followed by no other writers. 
 
 All recent studies of the Catskill group go to show that it is 
 the stratigraphic equivalent of the Upper Devonian of the cen- 
 tral and western parts of the vState. 
 
 In the detailed and careful study of the relations of the Upper 
 Devonian faunas of New York, Prof. H. S. Williams was the 
 leader; and to hira more than to any other student, paleontolo- 
 gists are indebLcd for our present knowledge of these faunas. 
 In the year 1894 ^^e published the results of the study of a sec- 
 tion from Cayuga lake to Bradford county, Pennsylvania. The 
 horizons included in this study are shown in the following sec- 
 tion*: — 
 
 Feet. 
 XII. Barclay coal bed. 
 XI. Pottsville conglomerate. 
 
 X. Mauch Chunk Red shale. )■ 1000 
 
 IX. Pocono Gray sandstone. 
 Catskill Red sandstone. 
 
 Upper Chemung fauna in Penna. (top at Ulster)... 300 
 Typical Chemung fauna (outcropping in the vicini- 
 ty of State-line, bottom of Chemung Narrows, N. Y, 300 
 Lower Chemung fauna (bottom outcrops at Caroline, 
 
 Danby and Newfield) 600 
 
 Upper Portage Sandstones and Shales of H. S. Wil- 
 liams '. 600 
 
 ( Upper Ithaca , 200 
 
 Middle Portage. ] Typical Ithaca 100 
 
 (Lower Ithaca 150 
 
 Lower Portage Sandstones and Shales 250 
 
 , Genesee Shales ._ — - 
 
 3500 
 
 In this study Dr. Williams attempted to discover the associa- 
 tion of the species in faunas and the relation of these to each 
 other. In the Portage rocks at Ithaca two distin(5l faunas were 
 recognized, — the Cladoclionics and Spirifer lavis, — and the rela- 
 tion of these to those of the Ithaca group was pointed out.f 
 
 * Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Knj^neers, vol. xvi, p. 945. 
 
 t Bull. U. S. Geol. Sun-. , No. 3, p. n . - r r - 
 
w 
 
 ■«> 1 
 
 lO 
 
 Bulletin 6 
 
 X0 
 
 In the Ithaca group Williams recognized five faMnas — the IJn- 
 gula complanata , Spirifer Jimbriatux, Spirifer mesastnalis, Rhyn- 
 clionella eximia and Spirifer mesacostalis. 
 
 The Lingula comp/anafa fanna is a recurrence with a slight 
 modification of the fauna found in the Marcellus shales and the 
 Genesee slate. The presence of this fauna and the recurrent 
 Hamilton species in the Ithaca fauna he considered to be the 
 result of a shifting of Taunas, — new conditions and faunas driv- 
 ing the Hamilton and Marcellus faunas out of the area in ques- 
 tion and permitting them to return at intervals, while in some 
 areas they lived on continuously undisturbed by new conditions. 
 
 Above the Ithaca fauna Williams found a recurrent Portage 
 fauna containing Lunitlicardium fragile and Cwlyptocardia speciosa. 
 The occurrence of these characteristic Portage species above the 
 Ithaca fauna led him to refer it to the Portage group instead 
 of the Chemung where Hall placed it. 
 
 In western New York the studies of Williams and Clarke have 
 thrown much light on the relations of the Upper Devonian 
 faunas. 
 
 In 1883 Prof. Williams publi.shed a paper* on a peculiar fauna 
 in Ontario county at the base of the Chenunig in what he called 
 the Naples beds. In this fauna he found a majority of forms 
 to be species cliara<5leristic of the Lime Creek beds of Iowa, to- 
 gether with a few species peculiar to the Ithaca and Lime Creek 
 faunas. He therefore correlated the fauna of the Naples beds 
 with the Kinderhook in the West and the Ithaca fauna to the 
 east. 
 
 In Ontario county, Prof. Clarke, as^a result of his studies (pub- 
 li.shed in 1885!) found that the Portage group, as originally de- 
 fined by Hall, includes an assemblage of unlike faunas, the lower 
 ones being closely related to the Genesee or Hamilton, while the 
 upper are related to the Chemung. The Cashaqua and Gardeau 
 beds of Hall he includes under the name of the Naples shales. 
 Of the 47 species occurring in the Naples shales, Clarke finds 
 that 34 per cent, occur in the Genesee shale and 19 per cent, in 
 the Hamilton proper, while but 2.1 percent, occur in the Port- 
 age. He concludes, therefore, that the Naples beds .should be 
 regarded as constituting the uppermost meml)er of the Hamil- 
 ton, or together with the Genesee, as representing a di.stindt 
 geological epoch. ^ ^ - _,.^,,,-,^^^^^.^,^,^-^^_, 
 
 — *Am. Jr. Sci.. vol. xxv, p. 97. ' Jl l^T I _ 
 
 t Bull. U. vS. Geol. vSurv., No. 16. " " 
 
 ^' 
 
 *•*'■ 
 
lO 
 
 ZI 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 1 1 
 
 -the Lin- 
 lis, Rhyn- 
 
 \ a slight 
 :s and the 
 recurrent 
 to be the 
 inas driv- 
 a in ques- 
 in some 
 onditions. 
 Portage 
 a speciosa. 
 above the 
 ip instead 
 
 arke have 
 Devonian 
 
 iliar fauna 
 
 he called 
 
 of forms 
 
 Iowa, to- 
 
 ime Creek 
 
 aples beds 
 
 ma to the 
 
 dies (pub- 
 a^inally de- 
 , the lower 
 , while the 
 i Gardeau 
 les shales, 
 arke finds 
 •er cent, in 
 the Port- 
 .should be 
 he Hamil- 
 a distin<5l 
 
 About 600 feet of sandstone above the Naples beds are re- 
 ferred to the Portage. Only ten species have been found in 
 the fauna of these Portage sandstones, seven of which are com- 
 mon to the Chemung. 
 
 It should be observed that ' ' Naples beds' ' as used by Williams 
 and Clarke lepresent entirely different horizons. Prof. Williams, 
 who introduced the term, applied it to a horizon "about twelve 
 hundred feet above the highest Genesee slate."* Prof. Clarke 
 has applied the same term to a portion ot Hall's Portage lying 
 directly above the Gene.see; alx)ve the Naples beds of Clarke is 
 the Portage sandstone followed by the High-point bed, which 
 latter is equivalent to the Naples liorizon of Williams. In order 
 to avoid confusion, the term Naples beds, if used, should at 
 least include the horizon originally designated by Williams. 
 
 As regards the absence of the Ithaca fauna from the Upper 
 Devonian of western JCew York, the results of Prof. Williams' 
 studies of the Genesee sedlionf correspond with those of Clarke 
 and Williams in Ontario county. The fauna of the Portage 
 group of the Genesee se(5lion as given by Prof. Williams is very 
 meagre as compared with the Portage as developed at Ithaca, 
 while it contains some of the more charadleristic fossils found at 
 Ithaca, as Glyptocardia speciosa and Lumilicardium fragile. Most 
 of the species which at Ithaca are common to the Portage and 
 Ithaca groups are absent from the Portage of the Genesse sec- 
 tion. Immediately following the Portage, Williams finds the 
 typical Chemung fauna. The peculiarities of the Chemung 
 fauna immediatety above the Portage fauna indicate that it 
 represents a later stage than the Ithaca fauna. At Hornells- 
 ville, about half way between the Genesee and Cayuga sedlions, 
 Orthis tioga of the Chemung, and the Chemung stage of Spiri- 
 fer mesacostalis were found diredlly above shales carrying the 
 Portage Glyptocardia fauna. The occurrence in the western 
 se(5lions, immediately above the Portage, of fossils of a type 
 which in the eastern sedlions were developed after the Ithaca 
 stage, indicates that in the west the Portage fauna must have 
 continued until after the close of the Ithaca stage in the east. 
 
 Previous to his study of the Genesee section, Prof. Williams 
 made a comparative study of ten se(5lions through the Upper 
 Devonian. These extended in an east and west diredlion from 
 
 *Atn. Jr. Sci.. vol. xxv, p. 97, 1883. 
 tBull. U. S. Geol. vSurv., No. 41. 
 
..-TL^r' 
 
 12 
 
 Bulletin 6 
 
 19 
 
 
 if! 
 
 the Cuyahoga se(5lion near Cleveland, Ohio, to the Chenango 
 section of the Chenango valley. The conclusions which Prof. 
 Williams reached from the study of these se(5\ions regarding the 
 charav^^er of the Portage, he expresses as follows*: "The Port- 
 age rocks and their faunas are comparatively local, belonging to 
 the central part of the area, the fauna failing in the more west- 
 ern sections, and both fauna and lithologic characters are unrec- 
 ognizable east of the Cayuga section." 
 
 Concerning the differences between the faunas of the Portage 
 horizon and the Genesee along the Cayuga and eastern se(5lions 
 he says,+ "It is evident from the study of the sec5lions, that the 
 interval occupied in the (xenesee sec^lion by the typical Portage 
 fauna is represented in the Cayuga section by an entirely differ- 
 ent set of species, while still farther east in the Chenango and 
 Unadilla sections the same interval is filled by a preliminary 
 stage of the Catskill." 
 
 The views which Williams held of the relation of the fauna 
 of the Ithaca group to its antecedent and subsequent faunas, 
 he states as follows: "The Ithaca group of the State reports 
 contains faunas which I have defined as stages in the successive 
 modification of the Hamilton fauna. This set of faunas differs 
 from the Chemung in the absence of several of its common and 
 abundant species and by presenting unmistakable evidences of 
 earlier stages in modification of species which are near enough 
 alike to be classified under the same specific name, "t 
 
 The Ithaca fauna, like the Portage, Williams considers to 
 have a limited geographical extent, being best developed in the 
 east, and blending toward the west with the Portage fauna 
 which in the western secf^ions entirely replaces it. The transi- 
 tion at Hornellsville from the Glyptocardia fauna of the Portage 
 directly to the lowest true Chemung fauna characflerized by 
 Orthis tios^a he considers evidence that the Ithaca group has no 
 representative in the region west of there. >^ 
 
 The correlation of the Upper Devonian faunas of central and 
 eastern New York with those of the more western has been at- 
 tended with considerable difficulty owing to the changes in the 
 several faunas in passing westward. In most of this region the 
 TuUy limestone and Genesee shale are absent, their most eastern 
 
 * Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. xxxiv, p. 233. 
 
 t Ibid. 
 
 X Ibid. ^-^ ..;..:__ ™.-:.^_.,. 
 
 \ Bull. r. S. Geol. Surv., No. 41, p. 30. 
 
 --_r--^ — * -r^' 
 

 za 
 
 Chenango 
 ich Prof, 
 rding the 
 rhe Port- 
 onging to 
 lore west- 
 ire unrec- 
 
 e Portage 
 n se(5lions 
 ., that the 
 il Portage 
 -ely differ- 
 lango and 
 reliminary 
 
 the fauna 
 It faunas, 
 ite reports 
 successive 
 nas differs 
 mmon and 
 idences of 
 r enough 
 
 isiders to 
 >ed in the 
 ige fauna 
 'he transi- 
 |e Portage 
 erized by 
 |up has no 
 
 antral and 
 been at- 
 jes in the 
 hegion the 
 1st eastern 
 
 * 
 
 13 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 13 
 
 5' 
 
 outcrops bt-'iiig on the west side of the Chenango valley. The 
 absence of these formations leaves no definite line of division 
 between the Hamilton and the faunas above. This has led to 
 much uncertainty as to whether the bluish shales and sandstones 
 underlying the Oneonta sandstone and containing a fauna com- 
 posed of Hamilton fossils and a few Ithaca group species belong 
 in the Hamilton or abijve the horizon of the Genesee shale. 
 These faunas of uncertain affinities have been studied in Otsego 
 and Chemung counties by Williams, Prosser and Clarke. While 
 these careful observers agree in the main in their conclusions as 
 to the relations of the faunas of this region there are some dif- 
 ferences, and it may be worth while to summarize briefly the 
 results of their published studies. 
 
 In his paper on the cla.ssification of the Upper Devonian,* 
 Prof. Williams describes the faunas of the Chenango and the 
 Unadilla river sections. The faunas above the Genesee shale in 
 these seclions represent, according to him. five stages of the modi- 
 fied Hamilton fauna and one stage of the Chemung. The stages 
 which he recognizes are the Paracydas lira fa, At>ypa retinilaris, 
 Lciorhynchus ghhiiliformis, Tropidolcptus mrhiatns, Spirifcr me- 
 sastn'a/is stages of the Hamilton followed by the Rhynchonella 
 coutracla stage of the Chemung. The nearly barren .sandstones 
 and conglomerates lying above the last of these stages and in- 
 tervening between the first two are stages of the Catskill. These 
 modified stages of the Hamilton correspond to the Ithaca group 
 of the Cayuga sedlion. Williams finds no representative of the 
 Portage fauna in these sedlions. 
 
 Prof. Prosser has studied the same se(5lions and has published 
 a complete list of the fossils identified by him in the Unadilla 
 .secflion.f 
 
 In another paper % he discusses the correlation of the Upper 
 Devonian faunas of central and ea.stern New^ York. In this 
 Prosser recognizes above the typical Hamilton faunas represent- 
 ing two stages of the western se(5lions, the Portage and the Ith- 
 aca group stages. The determination of the Portage stage seems 
 to be based on stratigraphic evidence. The presence of the 
 Portage in the Chenango valley is not shown by the lists of 
 fossils given since none of them are charac5leristic of the typical 
 western Portage. The lists of fossils indicate that the typical 
 
 *Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. xxxiv, p. 222. 
 
 t i2ih Ann'l Rep't State Geol. of N. Y., pp. 1-35. 
 
 t Am. Jr. Sci., vol. xlvi, pp. 212-230. - ' '. . - 
 
w§ 
 
 14 
 
 Bulletin 6 
 
 14 
 
 " I 
 
 Hamilton in the Chenango valley is followed by beds bearinji^ 
 an Ithaca fauna, though these may l)e the stratigraphic etiuiva- 
 lents of the Portage of the western secflions. 
 
 More recently Prof. J. M. Clarke has studied the fossiliferous 
 beds Ixilow the Oneonta sandstone in the Chenango valley. In 
 the western part of Chenango county Prof. Clarke found the S/>/- 
 rifer tnesasin'a/is fauna 1> ing umiuestionably alcove the Gene.see 
 shales. Where the Genesee and Tully formations in the Che- 
 nango valley and the eastern part of the region are absent Clarke 
 makes the presence of Spirifer mesastrialis the index of the ap- 
 pearance of the supra-Hamilton fauna. The Portage fauna, ac- 
 cording to Clarke, is entirely absent from the Chenango valley. 
 There is, he states,* not a single species common to the typical 
 Portage of the Genesee .sedlion and the Ithaca fauna of the Che- 
 nango valley. 
 
 The Cayuga se<5lion, he thinks, represents the mingling of 
 those two faunas, the Portage from the west and the Ithaca 
 fauna from the east. 
 
 The immediate successor of the typical Hamilton fauna in 
 this region represents a more perfect and normal development of 
 the Ithaca group fauna, Prof. Clarke thinks,! than is to be found 
 in any of the .se(5lions to the west. Overlying the Ithaca group 
 of this region are Oneonta flags and shales. These Oneonta 
 l)eds Clarke con.siders to be the equivalent of the typical western 
 Portage. The principal evidence given for this correlation is 
 the occurrence of peculiar concretions found in both formations. 
 
 The first diagrammatic presentation of the relations of the Up- 
 per Devonian faunas, based on the view that .some of them were 
 local faunas imperfedlly developed or entirely absent from some 
 of the sec-lions, was a series of secflions of the Upper Devonian 
 published by Prof. Williams in i886.t 
 
 All of the paleontologists who have since studied the New 
 York Devonian have reached similar views as to the local de- 
 velopment of the faunas. 
 
 Fig. I, republished from Prof. Clarke's Report J^ on the Che- 
 nango valley, represents probably as accurately as our present 
 knowledge will permit the relations of the Upper Devonian 
 faunas in the eastern, central and western parts of the State. 
 
 * 13th Ann'l Rep't State Geol. of N. Y., p. 555. 
 
 t Ibid. 
 
 j Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. xxxiv. 
 
 1 13th Ann'l Rep't State Geol. of N. Y., p. 556. 
 
 n u, 
 
bearing 
 : equiva- 
 
 vsiliferous 
 illcy. In 
 1 the .S7>/- 
 (^iciiesee 
 the Che- 
 at Clarke 
 if the ap- 
 fauna, ae- 
 ro valley. 
 lie typical 
 ■ the Che- 
 
 ngling of 
 he Ithaca 
 
 fauna in 
 
 opnient of 
 
 o be found 
 
 aca group 
 
 Oneonta 
 
 I western 
 elation is 
 
 lormations. 
 
 if the Up- 
 
 them were 
 
 roin some 
 
 Devonian 
 
 the New 
 local de- 
 ll the Che- 
 
 II r present 
 Devonian 
 
 le State. 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 c/> 
 
 
 
 5^ 
 
 •< 
 
t6 
 
 Hr I. UET IN 6 
 
 z6 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 PART II. 
 
 Thk Ithaca Shctions. 
 
 Sfnitii^rapfiv. — The rocks of the Porta>;e and the Ithaci j^roups 
 outcrop a\o\\\r the sides of Cayiij^a lake valley about Ithaca, 
 New York. The Portajje rocks rest upon the black Genesee 
 shal ". and are terminated alK)ve by the Ithaca shale. Tou^h 
 sandstone fla^s, often wave-marked, toj^ether with beds of more 
 arenaceous character, constitute the Poitajjje rcx^ks, which are 
 here alK>ut 250 feet in thickness. The base of the Portage is 
 sharply dehned by a fine-grained, hard, blue sandstone about 3 
 feet in thickness. From Esty's glen to the iK)int where the 
 base of the Portage pa.sses below the surface of the lake, the 
 dip is more than 100 feet to the mile. Near Ithaca the dip be- 
 comes less, and to the south it is very slight for several miles. 
 
 The soft argillaceous beds which lie above the Portage have 
 been called the Ithaca .shale by Prof. Williams. These shales 
 are often .stained a reddish brown by iron. Lenticular layers of 
 .sandstone sometimes occur in these .shales. Above the base of 
 the Ithaca shale 25 or 30 feet, it lo.ses its arenaceous characfter 
 and is replaced by the sandstone flags and intercalated shales 
 which contain the typical Ithaca fauna. These beds are fossili- 
 ferous for a thickness of nearly 400 feet. The rocks containing 
 the Ithaca fauna are followed by nearly 600 feet of barren 
 sandstone flags which extend to the tops of the hills about Ith- 
 aca. The fo.ssiliferous beds of the Chemung do not appear in 
 the immediate vicinity of Ithaca, but several ni.ies to tlie .south 
 they form the tops of the hills along the southern extension of 
 Cayuga valley alx)ve the barren strata. 
 
 The numerous deep gorges of the .streams entering the Cayuga 
 valley afford excellent exposures of the rocks about Ithaca, from 
 the ba.se of the Portage to the top of the Ithaca group. Ten 
 secl;ions through these rocks have been carefully studied and 
 the results are given in the following pages.* 
 
 *NoTK. — The sedlions are miin))ere(i in the order in which they were 
 studied. All of the specimens on which the lists of species are based are 
 in the Paleontoloj^icai Museum. Two numbers are attached to each speci- 
 men, the first indicating the .se(5tion, and the second the .stratigraphic posi- 
 tion or station in the .section from which it canie, e.g., 1-2 refers to the 
 second station in the Fall Creek seclion. 
 
i6 
 
 4 
 
 ci p roups 
 It Ithaca. 
 Genesee 
 Tough 
 3 of more 
 vhich are 
 \)rta)^e is 
 
 ?; 
 '^>< 
 
 » _ 
 
 09 
 
 2 about T, 
 
 < 
 5' 
 
 ihere the 
 
 
 lake, the 
 le dip be- 
 
 3- 
 O 
 
 ll miles. 
 
 a' 
 
 [a>;e have 
 
 «B 
 
 ise shales 
 layers of 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 Si. 
 
 e 
 
 e base of 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 chara(5ler 
 
 -*> 
 
 ed shales 
 
 o 
 
 re fossili- 
 
 e 
 
 3 
 
 ontaininjj^ 
 )f barren 
 
 09 
 
 3 
 
 ea. 
 
 bout Ith- 
 
 03 
 
 ippear ni 
 
 5" 
 
 the south 
 
 0» 
 
 ension of 
 
 — -. 
 
 
 3 
 
 e Cayuga 
 
 <-* 
 
 aca. from 
 
 •: 7 
 
 Lip. Ten 
 
 
 died and 
 
 
 '-■■'■■/:-'- ■ " 
 
 
 tliey were 
 based are 
 
 plate 
 
 'ach speci- 
 
 '•'# ^ 
 
 iphic posi- 
 ers to the 
 
 # 
 
 n 
 
 I: 
 
 MM iO 1 if ;3 
 
I 
 
17 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 Section I, Fall Creek. 
 
 This sec5Vion begins in the upper Portao:e sandstone at the foot 
 of Ithaca falls r.nd ends at the outcrops in the bed of the 
 stream above Forest Home. This section includes about 410 
 feet of strata. 
 
 Staticni i. — The fauna of this statior. occurs in the Portage 
 flngslone and shale exposed at the foot of Ithaca falls. This is 
 the be.st localit\- known for coUedling Spirifcr Icevis, which is 
 the predominant species, and its associated fauna. 
 
 The following is a list of species obtained from about three 
 feet of strata: Spirifcr hevis a ', Spotiiclla typica c, Goniatites 
 sinuosnsf r, Cratiia sp. r, Cyrtina haniilto)icnsis r, Lunulimrdiuin 
 fragile a, Palrroneilo filosa a. Ortlioccraz pccator '-, Ai'iculopeficn 
 /aiitus var. ithacensis r, Goniatites discoidciis c, Modiomorplia suh- 
 a/ata, Grantmvxia subarcuata r, Taxocrinus ithacensis stems, Clio- 
 netes lepida a, Pleurotomaria capiUaria r. Chonctcs seitnla r, Gom- 
 piioceras tninidum r, Glyptocardia speciosa r, Coleolus tennicinclus, 
 Nucula dijjidens r. Afvtilarea clwmnngensisl^ r. Leiorhynclius niesa- 
 eostalis, Lingnia ligeaf r, Pluniuliiia plumaria c, Avieidopeflcn 
 rugcF.striatusi , Leda diversa. . . 
 
 Station 2. — 135 leet above Station r. 
 
 The rocks containing the fauna of the Ithaca shale are ex- 
 posed in the vertical cliffs of the falls, so that no representative 
 of it were obtained from this seclion. 
 
 At the sunnnit of Ithaca falls the sandstone and silicious shale 
 contain the following species, indicating the initiation ot the 
 Ithaca fauna: Produftella speciosa c, Spirifcr mesacostalis, Chonetes 
 sctigera c. .Unboca'/ia nmbonata c, Pleurotomaria capiUaria, Micro- 
 don tenuistriatns, Stiflopora mccki c, Paheoneilo constricla, Aflin- 
 optcria bovdi, Ortlioccras bcbry.v var. cayuga, Modiomorpha subalata 
 var. chemnngensis c, Nucula corbuliforniis. 
 
 Station j. — From the foot of the cascade below the electric 
 light plant, the following species were collecfled: Atnboorlia nm- 
 bonata a, Cliofietcs scitula, Khynclwnclla eximia a, Palcroneilo filosa , 
 Leiorhynclius nicsacostalis, Gomphoceras iumidum r, Modiomorpha 
 subalata var. chcmungcnsis, Atiinoptcria boydif r, Spirifcr nicsas- 
 trialis a, Microdon bcllistriatus r, Stiflopora mccki, Pleurotomaria 
 capiUaria r, Graninivsia subarcuata f, Cyrtina hamiltoncnsis c, Pro- 
 
 *Tlie letttr j^laced after a species refers to its abundance, — a, indicatinjj 
 abundant, c, connnun and r, rare. 
 
IB 
 
 BUI^LETIN 6 
 
 x8 
 
 '*;f.Ws..... 
 
 dnfleUa spciiosa, Conularia lOHi^regata a, Monticulopora sp. r, Co- 
 leolus tenuicinilus r. 
 
 Station /. — F'roni the toj) t)f the cascade at the electric light 
 plant, the following species were obtained: Spirifcr itusastrialis c, 
 Lciorhynchus incscuostalis r, Microdon hii/istriatus, Plcurotoviaria 
 capillaria r, Aflinoptcrin ptrstn'alisf , Plumaria plitniu/ina r, Stic- 
 topora nnrki c, Ort/ioccfas Inbryx var. cayuga. 
 
 Station 5 (a). — The following species were obtained a short 
 distance above Station ^: Cyrtina haniiltoncn'\isf , Amhocalia um- 
 bonata, Spirifer niesacostalis r, Lciorhynchus mcsacostatis c, Rliyn- 
 dwnclla cximia c, Rhynchonclla stcphani c, (Mrammysia suharcuaia, 
 Stiflopora wccki, Atlinoptcria pcrstrialis, Palironcilo Jilosa, Modio- 
 motpha suhalata var. chcmungcnsis c, Plumaria plumulina. 
 
 Station 5 (b). — Abont four feet higher than 5a, just below 
 the foot bridge, in a calcareous layer, the following species oc- 
 cur: Produclclla spcciosa a. (ht/;is imprcssa c, .itrypa reticularis c, 
 Rhynchonclla pugnus c, Sliciopora nn cki. 
 
 It will be observed that this is the first occurrence in this 
 se(5lion of the last three brachiopoda noted above. 
 
 Station 6. — The following species occur in the first exposures 
 above the foot bridge: Orthis imprcssa, Palceoncilo Jilosa, Stro- 
 phodonta mucronata c, Produflclla spcciosa, Aflinoptcria boydif r, 
 Grammysia subarcuata, Tontaculitcs bcllulus, Chonetcs kpida, Cho- 
 nctcs scitula, Spirifcr mcsacostatis a, Goniatitcs sinuosusf, Atrypa 
 reticularis. 
 
 Station 7. — In the bottom of the gorge, a short distance above 
 Station 6, the following species occur: Strophodonta mucronata a, 
 Produclclla spcciosa. Crania sp. , Ptcrinca chcmungcnsisf , Spirifcr 
 ,ncsacostalis a, Atrypa reticularis, Pahconeilo filosa r, Platyceras du- 
 mosumf X, Orthis imprcssa c, Aviculopcclen cancellatusf r, Cyrtina 
 hamiltoncnsis r, Goniatitcs complanatus r, Ptcrinopcncn ereftus r, 
 Modiomorpha subalata var. chemungensis r. Panenka sp?. 
 
 Station 8. — Just below Triphammer falls, the following species 
 were noted: Strophodonta mucronata a, Goniatitcs complanatus* , 
 Chonetcs scitula r, Produflclla spccio u c, Orthis imprcssa r, Platy- 
 ceras creflum r, Spirifcr mcsastrialis r. 
 
 Station ^. — From the lower shelf of Triphammer falls, the 
 following species were obtained; Chonetcs scitula, Strophodonta 
 perplana \^x. nervosa. Crania sp., Produclclla spcciosa^, Stropho- 
 
 .* 
 
19 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 19 
 
 ice in thivS 
 
 donia mucronata a, Spiri/cr mesawstalis a, Atrypa reticularis a, 
 Goniatitcs complanatusf r, Rdmo7idia subovaia r, Niicula corbuli- 
 forniis r, Amboavlia umbonata r, Microdon bellistriatus c, Grammy- 
 sia subarcuata r, Palceoneilo filosa c, Orthoccras bebryx var. cayuga, 
 Aviculopincu , Cyrfina hamiltoncnsis, AHinoptena boydir. 
 
 Stations lo & //. — The lists of fossils from two slightly differ- 
 ent horizons at the top of Triphammer falls having the same 
 fauna have been combined in the following list: Schizodus 
 chemungensis, Edmondia subovata, Nucida diffidens, Lunulicar- 
 dium fragile r. Cyrtina hamiltoncnsis a, AHinopteria boydi q. Pro- 
 duflella speeiosa c, Atrypa reticularis a, Modiomorpha subalata var. 
 chcmungeusis c, Spirifer mesacostalis c. Chonetes sctigcra c, Micro- 
 don bcllistriaius r, Aviculopcclen sp.. Pterinopeflen creHusr, Cra- 
 nia sp. r, Paloconeilo plana c, Orthoccras sp. r, Platyccras sp. r, 
 Mytilarca clienningensis r, Palcconeilo Jilosa c, Spathclla typica r, 
 Goniophora minor r, Strophodonta mucronata a, Macrodon sp. r, 
 Orthis imprcssa c. Pleurotomaria capillaria r, Chonetes scitula c, 
 Orthoccras bebryx var. cayuga? r, Aulopora sp. r, Chonetes kpi- 
 da r, Orthoccras demus? r, ProduBclla hallana r. 
 
 Station 12. — The following species were obtained at the old 
 quarry above Triphammer falls: Strophodonta mucronata a, Pal- 
 eeoneilo constrifla, Cyrtina hamiltoncnsis, Spathclla typica Schizo- 
 dus chemungensis, Chonetes scitula, Spirifer mesacostalis, Produflella 
 speeiosa; Aflinopteria boydi, Ptcrifiea ( Vertutnnia) rcproba. 
 
 Station rj. — Below lower bridge, Forest Home. 
 
 The shales here contain an abundance of fossils, of which the 
 following species were identified: Strophodonta mucronata, Ortho- 
 nota parvula, Modiomorpha subalata var. chemungensis, Grammy- 
 sia subarcuata, Palcroncilo maxima, P. plana, P. constrifla. Crania 
 sp?, Chonetes scitula, Orthoccras sp., Rhynchonella pugnus, Schizo- 
 dus chemungensis, I^cda diversa, Spirifer mesacostalis, Spathclla 
 typica, Atrypa reticularis, Aflinoptcria boydi ,_ Bellerophon ithacmns^ 
 Aviculopcflen cancellatus, Pleurotomaria sp., Pterinopeflen (Ver- 
 tumnia) rcproba, Arthroacantha ithacensis. 
 
 Prof. H. S. Williams informed the writer that he discovered 
 Spirifer Iccvis and its associated fauna near this station but they 
 have not been re-disjovered. 
 
mm 
 
 mmmmmm 
 
 20 
 
 BULLKTIN 6 
 
 20 
 
 i 
 
 ii 
 
 j 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 I ' 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 Hi 
 I 
 
 ' 
 
 
 i 
 
 Section II, Cascadilla Creek. 
 
 The Cascadilla creek seclioti einb-aces the rocks exi)()sed aloiijj^ 
 the gorge from the old mill to Eddy's dam, — about 3J0 feet of 
 strata. 
 
 Station I. — This station is in the dark Ithaca shale at the 
 base of the k)\vest cascade in the gorge. The species common 
 here are typical of the Itiiaca shale. They arc Lunidicardinni 
 fniQ^ile, IJiii^ula coiuplatiata, Lciorhyuclms ntfsacostalis (sm. var. ), 
 RhynchoucUa cximia. 
 
 Station 2. — About 30 feet above Station /, the following spe- 
 cies occur: (tlyptocardia s/xriosa, ProditClcUa truncata, Palcconeilo 
 filosa. /.cior/iynr/nts n/tsaios/a/i.s\ Mioodon htl/istriatns, Orthoceras 
 sp.. Pahroncilo plana, Picurotontaria capillaria, Microdjn grcQarins. 
 
 Stations j fi: /. — About 55 feet above Station /. the following 
 species were found: Palcroncilo filosa, Nucula diffidcns. A", corbuli- 
 formis, Microdon ^rei^arins, Clionctes siitula, PaUromilo maxima, 
 RhynclwncUa cximia, Modiomorpha snbalala var. rlitmun^cnsis 
 Spiri/'rr mcsarostalis, /.<iorln'nrli//s mtsacostalis, Pliurotomaria cap- 
 illariaf , Produfldla spcciosa, Ortliorcras i^p., Aflinoptcria boydi. 
 
 Station 5. — 95 feet alx)ve Station /, the following species were 
 obtained: Spirifer mcsacostalis, Rhynchonilla cximia, Nucula diffi- 
 dcns, Palcconcilo constricla, P. filosa, P. plana, P. maxima, Aflin- 
 optcria pcrstrialis, Modiomorpha snbalala var. clicmungcnsis, Micro- 
 don grcgarius, Clionctes setigcra, C. scitula 
 
 Station 6. — 122 feet above Station j, the following s])ecies oc- 
 cur: Microdon bcllistriatus, Aflinoptcria boydi, Rliynclionclla sfi'- 
 phani, Spirifer mcsastrialis, Granimysia subarcuata, Nucula corbuli- 
 formis, Plcurotomaria capillaria, Modiomorpha snbalala var. chc- 
 mungcnsis, Ambocaiia umbonata, Spirifer mesacostalis, Leiorhyn- 
 chus mcsacostalis, Orthoccras sp. , Chonetes scitula, Pahconcilo max- 
 ima, P. constrifla, P.Jilosa, Cyrtina hamiltonensis, Cryptonella eu- 
 dora. 
 
 Station 7. — The following s])ecies were obtained 150 feet alx)ve 
 Station /.• Spirifer mesacostalis, Pterinca reproba, Plcurotomaria 
 capillaria, Leptodesma sociale, Chonetes scitula, Aflinoptcria perstri- 
 alisf, Sticlopora meeki, Gon ia tiles '>\i., (irammysia elliptica, Chone- 
 tes setigera, AcJinoptcria sp?, Cyrtina hamiltonensis, liellerophon 
 sp., Modiomorpha subalata var. ehemungensis, Aflinoptcria boydi, 
 PaUconeilo plana, Rhynchonella eximia, Plumnlina plumaria, 
 
ai 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 it 
 
 )Ose(l along: 
 
 Gomphoccras tumidum, CryptoncUa cndora. 
 
 Station 8. — The following fauna was noted i8o feet above 
 Station i : Pieiirotoniana capillariaf , Palceoncilo plana, Produflclla 
 spedosa, Spirifer mesacostalis, Cryptonella eudora, Aflinopteria 
 boydi, StiHopora meeki, Rliynchonella eximia, Modiomorpha snba- 
 lata var. chemungensis, Cyrtina hamiltoncnsis. 
 
 Station g. — I have obtained the following species 195 feet 
 I above Station r: Cyrtina hamiltonensis, Gompfioceras tumidum, 
 \ Aflinopteria perstrialis, Pleurotomaria capillaria, Sputhella typica, 
 Orthoceras bebryx var. cayuga, Nucula corbuliformis, Schizodus chc- 
 wtungei^sis, Palcconeilo plana, P. constricla, Elytndla nuculoidcsf , 
 \Stinopora meeki, Spirifer mesastrialis, Clionetes scitula. 
 
 Station ro. — At the foot of the falls, just below Heustis Street 
 ,jiidge, 225 feet above Station /, the following species occur: 
 \Atrypa reticularis, Produflella zpeciosa, Rhynclwnella pugnus, Or- 
 Ithis impressa, Spirifer mesacostalis, Cyrtina hamiltonensis, Stroplio- 
 idonta mncronata. 
 
 Stations // &. r2. — From the arenaceous sandstone and shale 
 under the Heustis Street bridge, the following species were ob- 
 tained: Aulopora sp., Paheoneilo filosa, Mytilarca chemungensis , 
 Spirifer m ucronat us , Aflinopteria boydi, Orthis impressa, Produflella 
 speciosa, Cyrtina hamiltonensis, Strophodonta perplana var. nervosa, 
 S. mucronata, Orthorercs pecator, Rliynchonella pugnus, Schizodtis 
 \diemiingensis, Microdon bdlistriatus, Pahroneilo constrifla, Modio- 
 morpha subalata var. chemungensis, Edmondia snbovataf , Gonio- 
 Xphora minorf , Microdon chenuingensis. 
 
 Station /j. — The following species were obtained below the 
 electric railroad bridge, 285 feet above Station i: Atrrpa reticu- 
 laris, Loxonema sp., Produflella speciosa, Microdon sp., Stropho- 
 donta mucronata, Chonetes scitula, C. lepida, Goniophora minorf, 
 Modiomorpha subalata var. chemungensis, Cyrtina hamilto7iensis, 
 Schizodus chemungensis, Goniatites sp., Palceoncilo filosa, Strapho- 
 Idonta perplana var. nervosa, Aviculopeflen sp. 
 
 Station /.^. — The following fauna was found 300 feet above Sta- 
 tion I : Edmondia subovata, Chonetes hpida, Ptychodcsma nanumf , 
 Pleurotomaria capillaria, Palceoncilo filosa, P. constrifla, Mytilarca 
 chemungensis, Microdon bdlistriatus, Aflinopteria perstrialisf , Bel- 
 lerophon Icda, Modiomorpha subalata var. chemungensis, Macrodon 
 sp., Strophodonta mncronata, S. perplana var. nervosa, Aflinopte- 
 ria boydi, Atrypa reticularis, Pterinea sp?, Lunulicardium fragile. 
 
■M 
 
 •iifii 
 
 22 
 
 BULLKTIN 6 
 
 Z2 
 
 m 
 
 Grammysio subarcuaia, A^nru/a corbulifonnisf . Spirifer mcsacosta- 
 lis, Produflilla spcciosa, Ptcrinopctltn rcproha* , Amboarlia umbou- 
 Uta, Macrodon c/icniiiu^insis. 
 
 Station 15. — 305 feet alx)ve Station r , the followinp^ fauna oc- 
 curs: Pahroncilo plana, P. /ilosa, P. constritla, Macrodon clicmunii- 
 cnsis. Crania sp. , Atrypa reticularis, Atlinoptcria boydi, Spathclla 
 typica, Schizodns chcnmn^cnsis, Aulopora sp. , Aficrodon bcllistria- 
 tus, PIcurotomaria capillariaf , Cyrtina hamiltoncnsiis, Strophodanta 
 niucronata , Spirifer niesacostalis, Chonetes scitn/a, Nucula corbuli- 
 formisf 
 
 Station 16. — The fauna of this station occurs under the foot 
 bridge below the dam, 320 feet alxwe Station i : Palceoneilo con- 
 striila, P. Ji/osa, P. plana, Aficrodon bellistriatus, Cyrtina hamilton- 
 ensis, Crania sp., Produftella speciosa, PIcurotomaria capillaria, 
 Spirifer niucronatus, Modiomorpha subalata var. chcmuni^cnsis, Bel- 
 leroplwn Icda? , Chonetes scitula, Atrypa reticularis, Spathclla typica, 
 Strophodonta niucronata, Schizodus chcniunircnsis. 
 
 Stations ly & t8. — The following species were obtained from 
 the beds exposed at the end of the foot bridge, about 10 feet 
 above the last station: Schizodus chcfnunirensis, Atrypa reticularis, 
 Chonetes scitula, Crania hamiltonixcf , Strophodonta mucronata, 
 Grammy sia sp. , AFtinopteria boydi, Microdon bellistriatus, Chonetes 
 lepida, Modiomorpha subalata, Pahroncilo Jilosa, Produftella speci- 
 osa, Spathclla typicaf, Tentaculitcs spiculus, Cyrtina hamiltonensis, 
 Modiomorpha subalata var. chemungensis. Crania sp., Goniophora 
 minor, Pahroncilo constrifla, Avicuhpeflen sp., Nucula diffidcns, 
 Stiflopora meeki, Spirifer niesacostalis. Gram my sia subarcuaia, 
 Orthoceras bebryx var. cayuga. 
 
 Section Hi, University, McGraw and Cornell Quarries 
 
 This ,set?tion includes only about 60 feet of Ithaca group strata. 
 
 Station /. — The ({uarry below the McGraw-Fi.ske mansion at 
 tiie edge of Fall Creek gorge, which is 175 feet above the 
 Spirifer hrvis bed at the foot of the falls, furnished the follow- 
 ing I'auna: Cyrtina hamiltonensis x, l.eiorhynchus mesacostalis c, 
 Spirifer mesacostalis c, Grammysia subarcuataf r, Microdon belli- 
 striatus q, Goniophora sp. , Modiomorpha subalata var. chemungen- 
 sis q, Rhynchonella e.ximia, Pahroncilo Jilosa, Chonetes scitula a, C 
 sctigera c, Orthoceras bebryx var. cayuga r, PIcurotomaria capillaria 
 
22 
 
 23 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 »3 
 
 •■ tn rsa casta - 
 I'lia Kvilnvh 
 
 ff fauna oc- 
 >// c/ic)nu7iii- 
 li\ S/ya//it//a 
 >/i M/isfna- 
 Itraphadauta 
 ula corbuli- 
 
 ler the foot 
 Iceoncilo con- 
 la haniiltan- 
 j capillar ia, 
 Ijrcfis/s, Bcl- 
 f he I la typica, 
 
 tained from 
 )out lo feet 
 % reticularis, 
 
 miicronata, 
 ftis, C/nnictcs 
 (ftclla spcci- 
 1 mil ton en sis, 
 
 Goniophora 
 tla di (fid ens, 
 
 snbareiiata. 
 
 1 Quarries 
 
 i^roiip strata. 
 
 mansion at 
 : aKove the 
 
 the follow- 
 esa cos talis c, 
 'crodon bclli- 
 
 eheniuni*cn- 
 
 scitula a, C. 
 via capillar ia 
 
 r, /.injfula com plan ata r, Palcroneilo plana. 
 
 Station 2. — The quarry in the cemetery lies about 25 feet 
 above the last. Plumiilina plnmaria occurs here rather abund- 
 antly. Some of the species associated with it are Plcurotomaria 
 capillaria, Rhynclwnella eximia, Spirifer ynesacostalis, S. mesastri- 
 alis, Aflinopteria .sp. 
 
 Station j. — University quarry is about 235 feet above the 
 Spirifer Icrvis zone in Fall creek. The Spirifer mesastrialis fauna 
 reaches its best development here. The species identified from 
 this quarry are as follows: Spirifer mesastrialis a,^. mesacostalis c, 
 Rhynchonella eximia c, Cryptonella eudora a, Bellerophon sp?, 
 Spathella typica? , Platystoma lineatum var. callosum r, Plcurotoma- 
 ria capillaria x, Cyrtina hamiltonensis c, Pterinopenen ereflus r, 
 Stifiopora meeki c, (ronipnoceras ttnnidum r, Ailinopteria boydi, 
 Orthoceras bebryx var. cayuga, Leptodesma socialef. 
 
 Section IV, Williams Creek. 
 
 This se(5lion affords a good continuous exposure of the rocks 
 from the upper Spirifer Levis /one of the Portage well up into 
 the Ithaca group. 
 
 Station 1 . —At the southwest corner of the lake, about 6 feet 
 above its level, the upper Portage Spirifer lavis fauna occurs. 
 The following species were found: Spirifer lavis, Aulopora sp., 
 PaUeoneilo filosa, Orthoceras sp. , Crania sp., Cyrtina hamiltonensis. 
 
 Station 2. — At the old quarry near the railroad, about ^ mile 
 south of Williams creek, the following species were obtained 
 about 15 feet above the level of the lake: Goniatites discoideus, 
 Palcroneilo filosa, Orthoceras ^y*., Clionetes lepidaf, Leptodesma sp. , 
 Palcroneilo constrifla, Aulopora sp. 
 
 Stations ^ & ^. — These two stations occur in the Ithaca shale 
 about 60 feet above the lake. The following species were 
 found: f.unulicardiv.n fragile c, Produflella speciosa a, fAngula 
 (oniplanata a, Leptodesma sociale, Orthoceras pecator. 
 
 Station 5. — This station is 265 feet above the lake in a bed 
 of impure limestone about 5 feet in thickness. Nearly all of 
 the following list of species are from this limestone, but a few are 
 from the shale innnediately beneath: Atrypa reticularis a, A. 
 spinosa c, Spirifer mesacostalis, S. mesastrialis c, Cyrtina ha?nilton- 
 ensis c, Cryptonella eudora q, Leiorhynchus mesacostalis, Stiflopora 
 
f 
 
 I 
 
 ;i1 
 
 24 
 
 Bulletin 6 
 
 24 
 
 m<rA'i a, Pahroncilo Jilosa r, P. constricla r, Mytilarca chcmiiugeu- 
 sis c, Rhynchonclla puj^nus a, (iom'atitcs sinuosus r, Produflella 
 speciosa p, Spirit cr ntcsacostalis a, Gouiatites coniplanaiusf r, A fi in- 
 apt eria boydif r, Ortlioceras sp. c, Stropliodotita miuronata, S. pcr- 
 plana var. nervosa, S. dctnissaf r, liellcroplion sp. r, (ioniopliora 
 minor r, Modiomorptia subalata var. cfwmungtnsis c, Niicula di/Ji- 
 dcns c, A^. corbufiformis, G/ossi/cs diprcssus r, Rliynclionclla cximia 
 c, ^. sti'ptiani, Scliizodus chcmungensis r, Microdon gregari^is, 
 Pterinopcflcn sp. . Aviciilopcflcn striatiis r, Pteurotomaria capillaria, 
 Platyccras sp., Aitinoptcria boydi, Or/tiis imprcssa a, Grammysia 
 subarcuaia r, Zaplirentis simplex f r. 
 
 Station 6. — This horizon, which is just alwve the wagon road 
 and 330 feet alx)ve the lake, afforded the following .species: ^V- 
 ////.? impressa, Atrypa retieularis, A. aspera, ProdHclclla speciosa, 
 Spat/iella typira, Stropliodonta perplana var. tiervosa, S. mucronata , 
 Chonetes setigera, Rliynclionella pugnus, Goniatites eomplanatus, 
 Spirifer mesacostalis, Mytilarca c/iemiingensis, Orthoceras sp. 
 
 Station 7. — About 10 feet above the last station, the following 
 species were colle(5led: Grammy sia sp?, Porcellia nais, Atrypa re- 
 ticularis, Spirifer mucronatus, Ortliis sp., Produflella speciosa, Cho- 
 netes lepida, Palcconeilo filosa, Platyceras bueeulentum , Stropliodonta 
 mucronata, Aclinopteria boydi. 
 
 Section V, Quarries. 
 
 i^ I 
 
 Mf 
 
 This se(5lion has for its lowest .station a rock exposure in the 
 bank of Six Mile creek at the Cayuga Street bridge. All th'- 
 other stations are in the quarries on South Hill and on the 
 north side of Six Mile creek. The section includes a thickness 
 of 230 feet beginning in the Ithaca .shale. 
 
 Station i . — Six Mile creek at Cayuga Street crossing. 
 
 Just above the Cayuga vStreet bridge, about ten feet of dark 
 .shale are exposed. The following three .species of the Ithaca 
 shale are found here rather abundantly: Lunulicardium fragile, 
 IJngula complanata, Glyptoeardia speciosa. 
 
 Station 2. — Quarry at Inclined plane, 115 feet alx)ve Station 
 I. The following species were obtained here: Chonetes scitula, 
 Spirifer mesacostalis, Spathella typicaf, Leiorhynehus mesacostalis, 
 Pa Ucon eilo con strifla . 
 
 Station J. — Quarry at the .south end of Ha/.en Street, f 
 
24 
 
 as 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 «5 
 
 ch emu tig I'll - 
 , Prodnhclla 
 usf r, Aflin- 
 uaia, S. per- 
 (rOniof>/iora 
 Niiciila dijfi- 
 yiiella iximia 
 I gregaru/s, 
 ia ca pillar ia, 
 , Grammysia 
 
 t waj^oii road 
 species: Or- 
 'I'lla spixiosa , 
 i. mucronata, 
 complanatus, 
 ras sp. 
 
 the following 
 
 r, Atrypa rc- 
 
 spcciosa , Cho- 
 
 Stropliodoiita 
 
 losure in the 
 
 ^e. All th'- 
 
 and on the 
 
 a thickness 
 
 sing. 
 
 feet of dark 
 ■ the Ithaca 
 ////;;/ fragile, 
 
 hove Station 
 
 iiu'tes scitula, 
 
 mcsacostalis, 
 
 :reet. 
 
 The lower layers of the sondstone contain an abundance of 
 fossils. The most abundant species are Rliynchonclla eximia, 
 Leiorhyiichus mesarostalis, Modiomorpha subalata \2iX .cliemiingensis. 
 
 The following is a list of the less abundant, associated species: 
 Orti'ioccras bebryx var. caynga, O. leander, Stiflopora meeki. AHin- 
 Opteria pcrstrialis, Callonenia sp. , Leptodesma sp. , Discina grandis, 
 Goniopliora hamiltonensis, Niicula diffi.dens, Plutnuli7ia pluniaria, 
 Conularia congngata, Scliizodus chemungensis, Microdon bellistria- 
 tus, Produflella spedosa, Amboavlia umbonataf , Spirifer mcsastri- 
 alis, Leptodesma matlierif, Grammysia subareuata, G. bisiilcata, 
 Chonetes scitula, Gomplioeeras tumidum, Leioptcria sp?, Tcntaculi- 
 tes spiculus, Modiomorpha mytiloides, Strophodonta perplana. 
 
 Station ^. — Quarry at the south end of Cayuga street. 
 
 The sandstone here is inclined to be shelly and thin bedded. 
 Fossils are not very abundant. The following species were Coi- 
 ledled: Rhynchonella eximia c, Chonetes setigera, C. scitula, Lin- 
 gula eomplanata, Mierodon belli striatus, Grammysia subarcuataf , 
 Modiomorpha subalata var. ehemungensis c, Orthoceras bebryx var. 
 eayuga, Pleurotomaria eapillaria, Plumulina phimaria. 
 
 The occurrence of Lingula eomplanata, of which a single speci- 
 men was found at this station in the midst of the Ithaca fauna, 
 \ is worthy of special note. This is the most abundant and char- 
 a(5leristic species of the Ithaca shale, but is seldom found in the 
 typical Ithaca fauna. 
 
 Station 5. — Quarry southwest of Quarry Street bridge, 140 
 feet alx)ve Station /. 
 
 The following species occur here, the first four being very 
 abundant in some layers: Rhynchonella eximia, Spirifer mesaeos- 
 talis, S. mesastrialis, Stiflopora meeki, Glossites depressusf , Leio- 
 rkynchus mesacostalis, Platyceras sp?, Orthoceras bebryx var. eayuga, 
 Cryptonella eudora r, Microdon bellistriatus, Modiomorpha subalata 
 var. ehemungensis, Pterinopeflen ereflus, Discina grandis. 
 
 Station 6. — Inclined plane above the railroad, 170 feet above 
 Station /. 
 
 The .species constituting the bulk of the fauna at this locality 
 [are Spirifer mesastrialis, S. mesacostalis, StiHopora meeki. 
 
 Species less common are Paheoneilo filosa, Cyrtina hamiltonensis. 
 
 Station 7. — Quarry at the south end of Ha/.en street, 230 feet 
 above Station i. 
 
 The following is the list of species obtained at this quarry: 
 
faWiii 
 
 f 
 
 26 
 
 RUT.LKTIN 6 
 
 26 
 
 Srhi::o(ius (•/icnnnij^ensis, Chonrtcs hpida, C. sa'tu/a, Ltda diversa, 
 (h'//i/'s />ft/>nss(i, Spirijtr mtsastrialis a, Afliuoptcria hovdi.\ Rlnn- 
 clumel I pui^uus Q., Crania sp., Strophodonta pcrplana var. nervosa, 
 (foniophora minor, Strophodonta mticronata, AHinopteria sp., Mi- 
 crodon bcllistriatus, Orthoccras bebryx var. cayuga, Aulopora sp., 
 Amboarlia uwhonata, Pterinca nproba, Palteoncilo plana, Producl- 
 tlla sptxiosa, Lyrtina fianiiHonvnsis, .Itrypa reticularis, Porcellia 
 naisf , fMt'Sothyra sp., Arthroacantha ithaccnsis. 
 
 Spirifer mesas trial is and Prodnclella speciosa are the predomi- 
 nant species at this station. Strophodonta perplana var. neri'osa, 
 which is not a common species at most localities, is rather com- 
 mon in the upj^r part of the quarry. Rhynelionella pugnus is 
 also quite common in the lower part of the quarry. 
 
 Section VI, Buttennilk Creek. 
 
 This .sec5lion includes about 250 feet of .strata bej?ituiing in 
 the Ithaca shale at the ba.se of Kuttermilk falls. 
 
 Station /. —Base of Buttermilk falls. 
 
 A very interesting fauna occurs in the dark shale at the foot 
 of the falls. The following species have l)een recognized: /sin- 
 gula punctata a, L. spatulataf , Leiorhynchus mesacostalis a, Or- 
 tliis lanuvemi a, Palwoneilo constrifla, Coleolus sp. , Loxonema del- 
 pliicola c, Pleurotomaria capillaria, Grammy sia subarcuata c, Lep- 
 todesma sociale, Amboca'lia umbonata, Aclinoptcria sp., Sticlopora 
 meeki, Produclella speciosa (sm. var. j, Rhynelionella eximiaf, Nu- 
 cula diffidens c, Orthoceras sp., Maerocheilus {/folopea) niaerosto- 
 nttisf, Phthonia cylindrica. 
 
 The Ithaca shale fauna at this station contains three species 
 which have not before lieen recognized in the Ithaca group. 
 Two of these are referred with doubt, oA'ing to the slightly flat- 
 tened condition of the .specimens to M ~rocheilus {Holopea) ma- 
 crostomus and Phthonia cylindrica, lx)th of which are Hamilton 
 species. The specimens referred to Orthis vanuxemi are identi- 
 cal with the Hamilton specimens of this species; they occur 
 abundantly through a few inches of strata. 
 
 Station 2. — 60 feet above Station r . 
 
 The following is a list of the species collected at this point: 
 Modiomorpha subalata var. chcmungcnsis, Nucula diffidens, Palreo- 
 ncilo filosa a, P. constrifla, Stiflopora meeki, Lunulicardium fragile , 
 Maerocheilus sp. , Pleurotomaria capillaria, Sehizodus sp., Modio- 
 
 ,-^r'a*.^., . » 
 
26 
 
 27 
 
 iTTiACA Group 
 
 27 
 
 ^^tda di versa, 
 hoydi.'', R/iyn- 
 var. nervosa, 
 ieria sp. , Mi- 
 lulopora sp., 
 ana, Produfl- 
 jris, /'oree///a 
 
 the precloini- 
 
 var. nervosa, 
 
 . rather com- 
 
 f/a puj^niis is 
 
 beginning in 
 
 e at the foot 
 »giii/ed: IJn- 
 ostalis a, (h- 
 .o.xonenia del- 
 ruata c, Lep- 
 >. , Stielopora 
 xiniiaf, Nu- 
 \ea ) tnaerosto- 
 
 jthree species 
 haca j^roup. 
 slightly flat- 
 lolopea ) nia- 
 ire Hamilton 
 1/ are iclenti- 
 they occur 
 
 this point: 
 
 'dens, PaUeo- 
 
 Uum fragile, 
 
 sp., Modio- 
 
 tnorpha quadndaf 
 
 Station ?. — 97 feet above Station r. 
 
 The follovvinjij .species were obtained at this .station: Microdon 
 
 Xgregarins, Modiomorpha suhalata var, ehenrnngensis, Rynehonella 
 
 \exiniia, Lingula spatulata, ProduRella speciosa, Nucula diffidcnsf, 
 
 Paheoneilo eo?istrifta a, f.eiorhynelius mesaeostalis a, Chonetes seitnla, 
 
 PaUeoneilo plan a f 
 
 Station /. — 162 feet above Station r. 
 
 The following species were obtained from the dark arenaceous 
 [sandstone above the falls: Spirifer mesaeostalis c, Cyrtiaa hamil- 
 \tonensis, Stiflopora nteeki, Modiomorpha subalataf , M. snbalata 
 [var. ehemungensis, Paheoneilo constrifia, Nucula corbuliformis? , 
 \Leda diver sa, Afiinopteria perstrialis a. 
 
 This station is the first of this section in which Spirifer tties- 
 laeostalis occurs in abundance and marks the beginning of the 
 [typical Ithaca fauna. 
 
 Station j. — At the foot of the dam, 182 feet above Station r. 
 
 The satid.stone flags here contain an abundant fauna snnilar 
 to that in the University quarry. The following species were 
 identified: Spirifer mesastrialis a, ►S. mesaeostalis a, Cryptonclla 
 eiidora, Cyrtina Iiamiltonensis, Stiflopora meeki, crinoid stems. 
 
 Station 6. — 35 feet above the la.st station. 
 The following chara(5leri.stic species of the Ithaca group occur 
 here abundantly: Atrypa reticularis, Spirifer mesaeostalis, Stro- 
 \phodonta mucronata, Produflella speciosa. 
 
 Station 7. — 242 feet above Station /. 
 
 The following species occur here in the arenaceous, shell}' 
 sandstone: Strophodonta mucronata, Spirifer 7nesacostalis, Atrypa 
 reticularis, Mierodon bellistriatns. 
 
 Section VII, McKinney's Station. 
 
 This sedlion extends from thc^ base of the lower Portage into 
 the Ithaca group. The exposures on which it is based occur 
 along the east side of Cayuga lake from the point where the 
 Genesee disappears beneath the lake to McKinney's station, and 
 in the north glen at the .station. 
 
 Station i . — At the sinking of the Genesee beneath the lake. 
 
 About ID feet above the lake, in the Portage shales, two 
 
 species occur in .some layers rather abundantly. These are Glyp- 
 
28 
 
 lU'LLKTlN 6 
 
 98 
 
 i 
 
 iocardia speciosa and Chonetes Upida. A sinjj^le small .sjHJciinen 
 of Spirifvr resembling .S". nusastrialn was found at this station. 
 
 Station 2. — Alx>nt ^ mile south of Station /, at the side of 
 the railroad, the following s|)ecies were found: /.uniilicardimn 
 fragile, Crlyptocardia speciosa , Coniatitcs siunosus, Chonctcs lipida, 
 Coleolus aciculum, Strophodonta mucronata, Cladocliotius sp. , Lin 
 gula spatulata, /\il(fontilo tmaririnata. 
 
 The occurrence of Strophodonta mucronata here in the lower 
 Portage fauna is of special interest since it is a very a!)undant 
 fossil in the Ithaca group. 
 
 Station j. — A short distance south of Station 2, at the side of 
 the T-ailroad, the following species have l)een obtained in the 
 Portage shales: C/adoc/ionns np., Strophodonta mucronata, Nnculi- 
 tes oblongus, Amhoca'lia umhonata , Chonetcs Icpida, Plcurotomaria 
 sp., Palcroneilo constrifta, P.jtlosa, Glyptocardia speciosa, Coleoins 
 aciculiun, Lunidicardiiim frat^ile, I.eptodesma socialef, (ioniatites 
 discoideus, (i. sinuosus, Loxonema sp., crinoid stems. 
 
 Station /. — In the north glen at McKinney's station, 20 feet 
 above the lake. 
 
 In the tough arenaceous sandstone at this horizon, a second 
 zone of Spirifer hrvis has been discovere<l. The associated fau- 
 na of .S". Icevis at this horizon appears to be much less abundant 
 than that of the upper zone. The only other species identified 
 are Strophodonta mucronata, a sj>ecie' of Macrodon, and Coniatitcs 
 sinuosus. The upper .S*. icrvis ^>ed in this se(5lion lies no feet 
 higher. 
 
 Station jy. — 35 feet above Station 4 and 85 feet l)elovv the 
 upper Spirifer Icevis bed, the following species were obtained: 
 Glyptocardia speciosa, Rhynchonella pus^nus, Coleolus aciculum, 
 Aftinopteria boydif , (ioniatites s\>., Leda diversa, (irammysia sp?, 
 Mytilarca chemungensis, > unulicardium fragilef 
 
 The discovery of R'i , > chonella pugnus at this station extends 
 its vertical range in th..s region from a limited zone in the Ith- 
 aca group into the middle Portage, alxnit 100 feet l)elow the base 
 of the Ithaca group. 
 
 Station 6. — The shelly sandstone and silicious shale at this sta- 
 tion which is 75 feet alx)ve the lake and 65 feet below the up- 
 per Spirifer Itevis zone, contain an abundance of Glyptocardia 
 speciosa and Lunulicardium fragile: as.sociated with these are 
 Strophodonta m,ucronata, Palceoneilo Jilosa, Nucnla diffidens, Goni- 
 
98 
 
 specimen 
 is station. 
 
 le side of 
 
 ilicardiuw 
 
 h's U'pida, 
 
 sp. , lAn- 
 
 the lower 
 abundant 
 
 he side of 
 ed in the 
 'a, Niiculi- 
 urotomaria 
 a, Col col US 
 Gotiiatitis 
 
 3n, 20 feet 
 
 I, a second 
 
 Mated fau- 
 
 abnndant 
 
 identified 
 
 Gonial ilt's 
 
 1 1 o feet 
 
 )elovv the 
 obtained: 
 aricHlitvi, 
 
 m extends 
 the Ith- 
 vv the base 
 
 -^g 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 29 
 
 w 
 
 atitcs sp. , Col coin a sp. 
 
 Slatiou 7. — The upper Spirifcr Ufvis zone of the Portage is 
 exposed here, 140 feet aljove the lake. Spirifcr hevis occurs 
 here even more abundantly than at the Fall Creek locality. The 
 small numlx.'r of associated species obtained is due doubtless to 
 the small amount of time spent in coUedlinp them. They are 
 as follows: Chonctes Icpida, Niiaila sp. , Crania .sp. , Lcda divcrsa, 
 Pahcoueilo Jilosa a, I.nnulicardium fragile^ crinoid stems. 
 
 The .*>. hevix bed is followed by about 20 feet of coarse shales 
 \ alternating with thin l^edded sandstone to the base of the Ith- 
 ^aca shale. 
 
 Stations. — From the Unver part of the Ithaca .shale, 160 feet 
 Labove the lake, the following .species were obtained; Lunulicar- 
 \dium fragile a, f.cptodesma sociale a, Lingula complanata a, Colco- 
 'Ins aciculiim, Conularia congrcgata. 
 
 Station g. — At the top of the falls, 225 feet above the lake, 
 fthe dark blue .shaly .sandstone contains a sparse fauna from which 
 the following species were recognized: Produfiella triincata, Pal- 
 ceoncilo constrifla, Plcurotomaria sp. , Nurula sp. 
 
 Station 10. —285 feet above the lake, the following species 
 were colle(5led: Modiomorpha ncgleflaf, Palaoncilo constriHa, P. 
 Jilosa, Glyptocardia spcciosa, Spirifer mesacostalis, Rhynchonella 
 eximia, Nucula diffidcns, Plcurotomaria sp. , P. capillaria, Nucitli- 
 tcs triqiictcr, Taxocrinus iihaccttsis. 
 
 The finding of Nuculites triquetcr at this station adds one more 
 species to the li.st of recurrent Hamilton fossils in the Ithaca 
 group. 
 
 The presence of Glyptocardia spcciosa at this station is an in- 
 teresting instance of the recurrence of one of the most charac- 
 teristic lower Portage fossils in the Ithaca fauna above the 
 Ithaca .shale. 
 
 Station n. — This station which is 300 feet above the lake and 
 160 feet above the upper Spirifcr Icpvis zone is the highest point 
 at which good outcrops can be obtained. The following species 
 were found here: PaLroneilo cotistrifla, Lciorhynchus mcsacostalis 
 a, Chonctes scitula, Spirifcr mcsacostalis, Microdon gregarius, 
 Rhynchonella cximia, Palceoncilo filosa. 
 
 ffl 
 
~M 
 
 30 
 
 lUlI.IJCTIN 6 
 
 30 
 
 Section VIII, Glenwood. 
 
 1 
 
 The Glenwood se<^ion includes 3S5 feet of strata exjiosed by 
 the stream entering the lake at (ileii\viH)d. The seeiion l)ej;ins 
 in the Genesee shale and ends in the lower part of the Ithaea 
 group. No collecting was done in the lower part of the seeiion. 
 
 Statmt I. — Just l)elow the railroad, 170 feet above the lake. 
 
 The following charaeleristic lower Portage sjKvies were oh 
 tained here: Cilyptocardia sfuciosa a, Palwoneilo const rifla, (ionio- 
 tifcs simwsus, Orthoccras s^., Aniboorlia itmbonata. 
 
 Statiou 2. — 210 feet alx)ve the lake. 
 
 The upper Sf^iri/cr I'rvis /one was found at this ]>oint. TIk- 
 fauna obtained here is as follows: Sf^irij) r hrx'is a, (h//toar<is sp., 
 /.<«/</ divtrsa, Plumulinn plumariix l\ilcroutilo brtvis, /.iinu/ira) 
 dintn /roi^ilt-, Au/o/>ora sp., I.ini^ula sp. , CV/ont/ts /</>u/a, (irani 
 mysia subarcuata, (loniatifcs s[>., Schi~odus syt* 
 
 Station j. — 260 feet above the lake.- 
 
 The Liniittla .shale here ct)ntain al>undant specimens of tlu' 
 following sjKH:ies: /.ini^uia ionif>/a}iatn, L. pioutatix^ l.tiorliymhns 
 /f/<'S(i(Osti;/is, Prodiittt'/la sptdoso , /\^i/of>iiyto)i primrps. 
 
 Station /. — 36t^ feet rdnive the lake. 
 
 This station is al)ove the Ithaca siiale in the lowtT part ot 
 the Ithaea group. It is re:narkable for the great abundance ol 
 the sj^H^Mes which (Kvur in the sandy shales, and for ih-.' presemi 
 of /Vtacops rana in abundance in a single layer. The list (.f fos 
 sils obtainetl is as follows: Chonctcs sdtii/a a, C. sfti^tra a, C. 
 li'pida c, Amboavlia umbonata c, /.(•iortivnc/ms mtsacostatis a, (tlos 
 sites iicprcssns, Modioniorplia subalata var. r/n niunx<nsis, (inini 
 Mvsia suban/tata, Lini^ula (O/np/anata, /'a/ironci/o n>nstri(7a, /\> 
 tcriorrin us syi., P/iypKhondia tximia, Conitlaria (OfHiici>ata. Stit'lo 
 pora niifki. Crania haniiltoniiC c, Ltpidodtndron sp., Afcsothyni s\y 
 
 Station j^. — 3S5 feet alH)ve the lake. ;• ^ , v , 
 
 The species noted at this station are Produftdta spcriosa. Am 
 
 boorlia nnibonata, (ht/totcnis sp , Afitrodon ^i^rt'i>an'ns, Modiomoi 
 
 pita subalata var. i/i< ninnocnsis. 
 
 Section IX, Renwick Brook. 
 
 This section is located about ).• mile north of the southeast 
 ct)rner of the lake. The vertical st*c\ion studied here is alxini 
 250 feet in thickness. I)egiti»iing l)elow the up|)er Spiri/cr //rvi 
 
30 
 
 31 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 31 
 
 CX|X>S0(1 1)\ 
 
 the Itluica 
 the section. 
 
 ; the lake, 
 es were ()l> 
 7V7<^ (ionio 
 
 |Kiitit. Thf 
 >'/ior<'ras sp. , 
 , Lufiuliaif 
 
 mens of thf 
 l.iiorhvHiliii^ 
 
 wcT ]iart of 
 binuhmoe ol 
 
 h'j presenet. 
 
 list t.f fos 
 tii^tta a, ( 
 /<)■//>■ a, ^//('> 
 
 //.v/.v, drain 
 fis/r/(7a, Po 
 
 onto. Sdffi' 
 /, sothyra sp 
 
 f^rn'osa, . \n' 
 ;. Modionioi 
 
 niie soiilhea^^i 
 jere is alH)Ui 
 Xfyiri/cr hrri 
 
 bed of the Portajjje. 
 
 Station 1 . — This station whieh is 45 feet above the lake, marks 
 the [xysition of the ;:nj)er Sf^irifcr hevis /one of the Portage. 
 Very few fossils besides .S". Icevis were found; they consist prin- 
 Icipally of fragments of Cnmiatitts sp., crinoid ^tems, Ortlnnrras . 
 bt'bn'x var. <vn'/(i/yjf, and lilossitis deprcssusf v ; • , , > 
 
 Station 2. — In the Ithaca shale, 50 feet above Station /, the 
 i following fauna was found: /.nnniiiatdiutn frajrili- i\, /.cptodcsnia 
 \$orial(' a, J.fiorhync/ins mfsacosta/is, (ioniatitrs i/isroidrns, Lini^ula 
 complanata. 
 
 Station -7 — 95 feet alx>ve Station /, the following fauna (X^- 
 ;urs: Leiorhynclius n/rsact'statis, /.im^n/a complanata, Loxoncwa 
 sp., Proa'mltlla sptriosa, C/tonftts Si/th/a, Ort/ioaras pccator, l.ip- 
 \iottt'snia so<iale, ^^^^"' ■' 
 
 Station ^. — 1'^5 feet al)ove Station /, the following species oc- 
 
 :ur: Picnroioniaria capillaria, Spirifer n/csarosta/is, Modioniorpha 
 
 Isnba/ata var. thcnniniicnsis, (irainniysia snbannata , Pal(fO)u'ilo 
 
 \plana, Ihodncttlla spcriosa, Rliynchonilla cxiniia, /.tioriiynrhns 
 
 Wtsarostaiis. 
 
 Station 5. — P/nn/ntina p/nn/aria occurs at this point, 220 feet 
 above Station /, in a single stratum, in great abnudance. A.sso- 
 ciated with it are /\//\n</tont//a t.vimia, Crania sp., Spin/'tr >nrs- 
 aiosta/i.\, and .hntworiia nn//>onata. 
 
 Stations 6 Si y. — 235 feet above Station 1. the following fauna 
 occurs: /x/ivnclt, nt'lla sttp/iani, P. (Xiniia, . Itlinoptcria sp., (,'on/- 
 p/toccras tnmiduni , linoniplialns sp?, .\niboca'lia nnifwnata, Pltnro- 
 ton/aria s\)., C/ionctcs sctii^ira. 
 
 Section X, Newfield Creek. 
 
 'riic exposures of the Newfield .seoliou occur along the gorge 
 of Newfield creek. The seOlion begins in the Ithaca group 
 rocks and extends through them to tlie unfo.ssilil'erous flags and 
 sliales above, b'rom the last .station of this .section, which is 
 350 feet above the Inlet valley, to the tops of the hills which 
 rise 700 feet above the valley, the flags and shales appear io be 
 entirely l)arren of fo.ssils. 
 
 Station 1. — At the f(X)t of the ca.scade at the lower end of 
 the gorge, the rock is an arenaceous, .shelly sandstone. The - 
 
""■"iliiipppp 
 
 ! .;< 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 i' 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 '■ 
 
 32 
 
 Bulletin 6 
 
 32 
 
 horizon here is evidently above the Ithaca shale. Only a few 
 fossils were obtained. Palcponeilo consiriHa, Cfwnctcs scitula and 
 Nnciila diffidens being the most abundant. 
 
 Station 2. — Above the cascade, 6o feet higher than Station /. 
 the more common species are Leiorhynchus mesacostalis, Afodio- 
 morpha siibalata var. chrmungensis, Amboarlia umbonata, and 
 Nuaila diffidens. 
 
 Station j. — At this station, 15 feet above the last, the pre- 
 dominant fossils are Modiomorpha siibalata var. cheniungcnsis, 
 Chonetes setif^era and C. scitula. 
 
 Station 4. — The predominant fossils at this point which is r6o 
 feet above Station /, are Spirifer mcsacostalis and ..S". mcsastrialis. 
 Some of the associated fossils are Cyrtina hamiltonensis, Rhyncho- 
 nella cximia, Paleeoneilo constriHa, and Aflinoptcria perstrialis. 
 
 Station 5. — 180 feet above Station i. 
 
 A calcareous layer about 18 inches thick occurs here CMitain- 
 ing an abundance of crinoid stems and Monticuliporo'' r 's. 
 
 The following species were obtained here: Schizodns dieniunff- 
 ensis, Glossites depressus, Stiflopora tnecki, Microdon gregarins, 
 Aftinopteria boydi, Calhpora s,\). ■ ' 
 
 Station 6. — 195 feet above Statioii i. 
 
 The abundant and characfleristic fossils at this horizon are 
 Atrypa reticularis, Produilella speciosa, and Spirifer mcsacostalis. 
 
 Station 7. — 3.50 feet above Station 1 . 
 
 This station is about Yz mile below the village of Newfiekl 
 at the first rock exposure below the flour mill. A remarkable 
 recurrent Portage fauna occurs at this l(x:ality entirely alx)ve the 
 Ithaca group fauna. The following species were obtained : Glyp- 
 tocardia speciosa, Lunulicardiuni fragile, Palaoneilo constriHa, Co 
 leolus sp. 
 
 Prof. Williams has found, from about the same horizon, the 
 following additional Portage species: Lingula complanata, 13 cl- 
 lerophon mccra, Sirophodonta mucronata. 
 
 Above this station for a distance of more than 300 feet, the 
 rocks consist of shales and thin bedded sandstones, and appear 
 to be barren of fossils. 
 
 iii 
 
Only a few 
 y scitula and 
 
 x\. Station /, 
 talis, Modio- 
 bonata, and 
 
 ust, the pre- 
 \emungcnsis, 
 
 vhich is r6o 
 mcsastrialis. 
 is, Rhyncho- 
 erstrialis. 
 
 ere contain 
 O^' r %. 
 W5 cheniuns;- 
 ■ gf'^gafius, 
 
 lorizon. the 
 'anata, Bcl- 
 
 AND It] 
 
 >o 80 I 
 o 
 
 10 
 |o 
 
 o 
 
 '~^jgfgg/ffllllSgimiSBtlKB^^ 
 
 ,,»..-# 
 
Tablk vShowing the Rangk of Some of the Species of the 1 
 
 I/Ower Portage. ith 
 
 240 220 200 
 
 Stiflopora meeki 
 
 Zaphrentis simplex 
 
 A nlopora sp 
 
 Ctadochotttis sp 
 
 Taxocrinus ithacensis 
 
 A rtkroacantha sp 
 
 Strophodonta mucronata 
 
 Strophodonta perplana var. nervosa 
 
 Strophodonta demissa 
 
 Produflclla hallatia 
 
 ProdiiBella spcciosa 
 
 IJngula spattilata 
 
 Lingida complanata 
 
 Ling Ilia punflata 
 
 Cyrtina hamiftotiensis 
 
 Ambocivlia ximbonata 
 
 Spirifer Icevis 
 
 Spirifer mesastrialis 
 
 Spirifer mesacostalis 
 
 Orthis impressa 
 
 Rhynchonella eximia 
 
 Rhynchonella pugnus 
 
 Leiorhynchtis mesacostalis 
 
 Cryptonella cudora 
 
 A try pa reticularis 
 
 Chonetes scitula 
 
 Chonetes lepida 
 
 Coleolus acictdum 
 
 Tentaculites spiculus 
 
 Conularia congregata 
 
 Pleurotomaria capillaria 
 
 Belle rophon leda 
 
 Bellerophon ithacensis 
 
 Gomphoceras tumidum 
 
 Goniatites sinuosus 
 
 Goniatites discoidcus 
 
 Grammy sia siibarcuata 
 
 Spathella typica 
 
 Glyptocardia speciosa 
 
 Schizodus chemungensis 
 
 Leda diversa 
 
 Lutiulicardiutn fragile 
 
 Leptodesma sociale 
 
 Mytilarca chemungensis 
 
 Modiomorpha subalata var. chemungensis.. 
 
 Microdon brllistriatus 
 
 Microdon gregarius 
 
 Nucula corbidiformis 
 
 Nucula dijffidens 
 
 Palceoneilo constrifta 
 
 Palceoneilo filosa 
 
 A viadopeflen cancellatus 
 
 Plerinopefl en ereflus 
 
 Pterin ea ( Vcrtumnia ) reproba 
 
 Phacops rana 
 
 Plumulina plumaria 
 
 * The figures above each column in this table indicate the ve 
 
 t spirifer Icevis zone. 
 
 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 
 
 20 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 (J 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o? 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 ■tical distance above or below the upi)er Sp 
 
 irifer lervis bed of the Po 
 
HK Speciks op thk Portagk Axn Ithaca Faunas at Ithaca, N. Y.* 
 
 Ith. Sh. Ithaca Group. 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 40 20 •(• 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 o o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o o 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 o 
 
 o o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 000 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o o 
 o o 
 
 20 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 o o 
 
 o o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 o 
 o o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 ri/er l(rvis bed of the Portage. This table is base<l on four sedlions in which the Spirifi 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 n 
 
 O 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o o 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 O O tJ o o o 
 
 o 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 r Icpvis zone has been ascertained. 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 • 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
•f 
 
 1 
 
 -* 
 
33 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 33 
 
 PART III. 
 
 List of Speciks Occurrtng in thk Potrac-.e and Ithaca 
 
 Groups. 
 
 The present list contains alf of the species which have been 
 ound by the writer or reported by other from these faunas at 
 Ithaca, together with notes on their range, abundance and varia- 
 tion. 
 
 Coelenterata. 
 
 Cladochoniis sp. 
 
 An undetermined species of this genus is one of the most 
 abundant and charaderistic fossils of the lower Portage. 
 Aulopora sp. 
 
 A species of Auhpora attached to the valves of brachiopods 
 is common at many localities in the Ithaca group and in the 
 upper Spirifcr hcvis zone of the Portage. 
 
 Stromatopora sp. . 
 
 This genus has been reported by Prof. Williams from the 
 |lthaca group. 
 
 ^Hclopora tneeki Nicholson. 
 
 A very abundant fossil throughout the Ithaca group. 
 '^aphrtntis simplex f HnW. 
 
 Specimens resembling this species have been found at a sin- 
 gle locality m a calcareous sandstone in Williams Creek section. 
 
 I have found an undetermined species of this genus occurring 
 ibundantly in a calcareous stratum at station 10-5. 
 
 iEchinodermata. 
 
 \Taxocrhius Wiaceiisis H. S. W. ;i 
 
 A single perfedt specimen from the Ithaca group at station 
 7-10 has been found. 
 
 Xrthroacantha ithacensis H. S. W. - ' 
 
 This crinoid is rather common at station 1-13 in the upper 
 
IP 
 
 BULLETIN 6 
 
 34 
 
 '" . The original s,H.ciu.et.s can.e from 
 
 ,,n of the jth- ^^^^^ ^T.,,U.er falls, 
 
 the bottom of the gors^ 
 
 W.„«rm« .W/-««^ H^ ^ ,^^„ ,„, nuaca group. 
 Reported by H. b. w ^ 
 
 Lower Ithaca gro«p.-H. b. w 
 
 Ithaca group.-H.b.wm ^ « W 
 
 Portage group?-H. h. wi . 
 
 r««n'»« /«««■'«« var «//;*<■ H. b W. , 
 Ithaca group.-H, S. WlUams. 
 
 Taxocrinu. curlus n^S."^^ 
 Portage group.— H. b. wui 
 
 Mollttscoidea and MoUu8ca. 
 
 Brachiopoda. 
 
 Piscitta negleda Hall. 
 Upper Ithaca group. 
 
 Discina grandisi Hall. -^^ ^^cur in the 
 
 Specimens which appear to belong to V- 
 
 Ithaca group. 
 
 Lingula complanata H. S. W. 
 Abundant in the Ithaca shale. 
 
 Ungula pu7ictata YL2i\\. , v - . 
 
 Ithaca shale. l- 
 
 Ungula spaiulata Ha-W. ,,;; 
 
 Ithaca shale. '^ 
 
 Lingula ligea Hall. 
 Ithaca shale. ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ j; y 
 
 Crania?,'^. ', ', i .. -//^ »,/.«» <vcurs throiiR^' 
 
 A species of Cm«/ti resembling 6. //a/^///^^^'^ <^*^t^^ 
 
 the Portage and Ithaca rocks. 
 
 t 
 
34 
 
 inie from 
 
 35 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 35 
 
 s occur in 
 
 the 
 
 occurs 
 
 thfottg^^ 
 
 Cyrtiiia hamiltonensis Hall. 
 
 Very abundant in the upper part of the Ithaca group. 
 
 The large number of specimens of this species which have 
 been examined show but slight tendency to vary, except in size. 
 Average specimens have a width of about Yi inch along the hinge 
 line; the longest no*'ced measured seven-tenths of an inch. 
 
 Amboarlia timbonata Conrad. 
 Abundant in the Ithaca group. 
 
 Strophodonta mucronatu Hall. 
 
 Very abundant in the upper Ithaca group. It also occurs 
 through most of the Portage. 
 
 Strophodonta perplana var. nervosa Hall. 
 
 Occurs in the Ithaca group but is less common than the pre- 
 Iceding. 
 
 \Strophodonta demissaf Con. 
 
 A rare species in the Ithaca group. 
 
 ^roduflus { ProduHella) hallanus Walcott. 
 
 Two or three specimens of this species have been found in 
 the upper part of the Ithaca group. 
 
 '^rodtiflella speciosa Hall. 
 
 This is an abundant and chara(5leristic .species of the Ithaca 
 group. The larger specimens measure from four-fifths to one 
 inch in width. The most abundant species associated with it in 
 the Ithaca group are Strophodonta miicronata, Spitifer mesacos- 
 talis, and Cyrtina hamiltonensis, 
 
 Produflella trnncata Hall. 
 
 This is a common species in the Ithaca shale. It seems to 
 differ from P. speciosa only in size, some specimens measuring 
 not more than one-tenth of an inch, while those of average size 
 are from three-tenths to two-fifths of an inch in width. In the 
 lower part of the Ithaca group, forms occur which seem to be 
 intermediate between P. trnncata and P. speciosa. 
 
 Spirifer mesacostalis Hall. 
 
 m Abundant in the Ithaca group. .S". mesacostalis shows a large 
 ^feiount of variation in specimens from the same horizon. Vari- 
 ation occurs principalh- in conne(5lion with four different charac- 
 ters, — the number of plications, the extent of the hinge line, 
 
mw^sm 
 
 1 
 
 BULLETIN 6 
 
 3^ 
 
 one^ 50 or 6o, of ^^-^^J'Z^^ ^ ^^^ T"! f l^^c^ 
 f.lls and KcWy's c^a'" <^3«>^ ^f ^ ^ . ^^,„e tuiniber show a trace 
 
 one 
 
 fall 
 
 3^ , -;«cr1(> or duplicate, and 
 
 a?e ™V"-' '•""^' ""■■ ""'" T \ « V small ,«r cent peri>='l- 
 
 trace 
 have 
 ;;;- 7 plication in the snius ---■- ^^^j^^^. AU of the 
 
 been noticed in specimens frmn be o. ^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^.^^^ 
 srecimens which were P^^l^J^l^ ^ '^^ 
 
 In septnm extend.K -ar Uuougl ^^ ^^^.^^. ^^^^ 
 ventral valve. The ^rcatcs a ^^^^ .pecunens, the hm^ 
 
 in the extent of the hnige hnc n ^^^^.^^ ^^.^^^ ,„ 
 
 ;;: aoes not extend ^y^^J^^^Lr. than e,ual the w.dth 
 others its delicate spnie-like project 
 of the valves. . 
 
 Spirifer lavis Hall. f^^„, ^^e upper part 
 
 Prof Williams has reported this "^^^'f ^ ^^^.^ral specuneus 
 
 of the Ithaca group and the -^^^'Z, ,one. so that tins 
 
 of it no feet below tbe "Pi- Po^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ,, „ot less than 
 
 species is now known to have a %e 
 
 5CX) feet. 
 
 -H S. Williams. 
 
 Sbirifer fimbriata Morton. 
 
 ; Lower part of the Ithaca group.- 
 
 Spirifer an^usta Hall. ^:iiiams ^^ " ' 
 
 Lower Ithaca group.-H. S. WUliams. 
 
 spirifer mesastrialis Hall. i^ has 
 
 This is a very abundant species in the ItUaca g v 
 not been found in the Portage. ^ , ,,^ ,,.; ..'. 
 
 Orthis impressa Hall. ^ Ithaca group 
 
 This is one of the ^baraaeristic ossds of^ ^ ^^^,, 
 
 Most specimens have ^be 1-gth and be^^^^^^^^^^^ ,,. 
 
 — dl^e^ir ^-t ^^^^^ according to Prof. William. 
 1^- having the shell wider than long. 
 R,ynchonella iStenoschisma) eximia Halh ^^ 
 
 Occurs through the greater part of the Uliac. g 
 
36 
 
 ate. and 
 In fiftN 
 t;r Port 
 12 to 24. 
 
 perhai)s 
 ^)h a miner 
 :) show a 
 w a trace 
 ^ers have 
 \,U of the 
 ^tina me- 
 ars in the 
 3wever, is 
 
 the hin^^e 
 ^, while in 
 I the width 
 
 uv>per pari 
 \ specimens 
 so that this 
 ot less than 
 
 s. 
 
 37 
 
 Ithaca (fRot'p 
 
 37 
 
 roup. 
 
 It has 
 
 Ithaca gronp 
 rly equal, bolli 
 form of thi> 
 ^rof. Willia"^^ 
 
 V group. 
 
 The forms descrilx-'cl as A', (xiniia and A*, sfep/iani appear to 
 l)e varieties of the same species. The larger specimens sometimes 
 have a width of one inch, and the strong angular plications char- 
 aC'leristic of A', strp/iani. The ratio of length and breadth varies 
 c()nsideral)ly in different individuals; generally the length is 
 slightly greater than the width, hnt in some individuals the 
 length and breadth have the ratio of 8 to 11. The majority of 
 the specimens are not more than % to 3^2 inch in width and 
 have the finer jilications of A', cxitnia. 
 
 Rhynchonella contrafia Hall. 
 
 Lower part of the Ithaca group. 
 
 Ryhnchonella pugnu^ Martin. 
 
 This species which has heretofore been known only in the 
 Ithaca fauna. I have found in the Portage below the upper 
 Spiri/cr hrvix /.one. 
 
 Liiorhyyichus mcsacostalis Hall. 
 
 This .species is very abnndant in the Ithaca group, occurring 
 in some layers almost to the exclusion of other species. The 
 P specimens vary greatly in size, the largest measuring alx)Ut i^ 
 finches at the greatest width, while average specimens measure 
 about ^4 of an inch. Lcioi/iync/iiis sinuatus is probably a small 
 ariety of this species. 
 
 'ryptonella nidora Hall. 
 
 This .species appears to have a very limited vertical range. It 
 occurs abundantly near the middle of the Ithaca group. 
 
 Atiypa reticularis Hall. 
 
 This species becomes abundant in the upper part of the Ith- 
 aca group. It .seems to be entirely ab.sent from the Portage 
 lind the lower part of the Ithaca fauna. 
 
 Atrypa aspera Hall. 
 
 Abundant at a few localities in the upper part of the Ithaca 
 group. - 
 
 Qionetcs kpida Hall. 
 
 This is a common Portage species, 
 group, but le.ss frequently. 
 
 Chonetcs scitula Hall. 
 
 Specimens of the C. scitula type occur associated with C. seti- 
 
 It occurs in the Ithaca 
 
 ^j^sp*" 
 
ft 
 
 38 
 
 BnxKTiN 6 
 
 9S 
 
 ! 
 
 I-F 
 
 j^era, but are much less common than the latter. This si>ecies 
 seems to t)e a variety of C. setifrera: the same is probably, but 
 less certainly, true of C. Upida. 
 
 • Pteropoda. 
 
 Tantacidites spiciilus Hall. * f 
 
 This is a rare species in the Ithaca group. 
 
 Styliolina fissurella Hall. 
 
 This .species is recorded by Williams from the Portage and 
 the lower part of the Ithaca group. 
 
 Coleolus aciculum Hall. 
 Common in the Portage and the Ithaca shale. 
 
 Hyolithes aclis Hall, 
 
 Lower Portage. — H. S. Williams. 
 
 Conularia congregata Hall. 
 
 Occurs in the Ithaca shale rarely; more common in the mid- 
 dle and upper part of the Ithaca group. 
 
 Coleoprion sp. 
 
 This genus is recorded by Williams from the uppei rifcr 
 IfEvis zone of the Portage. 
 
 Ga.stropoda. 
 
 Etiomphalus {Straparollus) hecale Yi?i\\. 
 Ithaca group.— H. S. Williams. 
 
 Pleurotomaria capillaria Hall. 
 
 Common through the Portage and Ithaca groups. 
 
 Loxonema delphicola Hall. 
 
 This species is common in the lower part of the Ithaca group 
 above the Ithaca shale. 
 
 Bellerophon leda Hall. 
 
 This is a rather rare species in the upper part of the Ithaca 
 group. 
 
 Bellerophon expianatusf Hall. 
 
 A few specimens from the upper part of the Ithaca group 
 stations 2-9, 2-14, and 2-16, are referred with doubt to thi^ 
 
 -1 
 
38 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 39 
 
 is species 
 ably, but 
 
 
 ortage 
 
 aiul 
 
 m 
 
 the mW- 
 
 ppei 
 
 'rifcr 
 
 species. They are much smaller than the specimen figured by 
 Hall, and have the dorsum flat instead of rounded as in that 
 s^iecies. 
 
 Bellerophon ithacensis n. sp., PI. i, fi^.s. i, 2. 
 
 The specimens on which this species is based are somewhat 
 distorted and crushed. 
 
 Shell of medium size. Width of flattened specimen greater 
 than the length . The aperture is considerably expanded. Vo- 
 lutions apparently not more than one or two. The dorsum is 
 marked with a sharp elevated carina. 
 
 The surface is marked by a peculiar wrinkling, varying in its 
 development from roughly transverse striae to a pustulose or 
 reticulate surface. 
 
 The ornamentation of this species is unique, readily distin- 
 guishing it from any other of the genus. 
 
 From the Ithaca group, station 1-13. , 
 
 Macrochcilus {/fohpea) macrostomusf Hall. 
 
 A single well-preserved specimen of this genus has been ob- 
 tained from station 6-1, in the lower part of the Ithaca group. 
 
 Platy stoma lineatum var. callosum Ha' 
 
 This gastropod is rather common in the University quarry as- 
 sociated with Spirifer mesacoslalis and 5". mesrstrialis. 
 
 Platy ceras carmatum Hall. 
 
 Common at a few localities in the Ithaca group. 
 
 ps. 
 
 I Ithaca grouv 
 
 t of the Ithaca 
 
 Ithaca group 
 ^ doubt to tlu> 
 
 Cephalopoda. 
 
 Orthoceras fulgidiim Hall. 
 This is rather rare in the Ithaca group. 
 
 Orthoceras leander Hall? 
 
 A few specimens from the Ithaca group are referred to this 
 :cies. ■ 
 
 Vthoceras pecator Hall. 
 
 Two specimens were obtained from the Ithaca group at sta- 
 ion 2-12. 
 
 Orthoceras anguis Hall. . 
 
 Occurs in the upper Spirifer Icevis zone of the Portage. 
 
40 
 
 Bl'LLKTIN 6 
 
 40 
 
 ml 
 
 Ihf/ioccras dcmns Hall. 
 
 Specimens referred to this ^^eiu^ were found in the Ithaca 
 group at station i-i i. 
 
 Ori/ioceras handcr Hall. o 
 
 From the Ithaca group. ■. ■ ,• ; 
 
 Orthoccras pcrtcxtinn Hall. 
 This species is recorded from the Ithaca gr()U[) by Hall. 
 
 Orthoccras bcbryx var. cayui^a Hall. 
 
 This is the most abundant species of Orthoccras; found at Itli- 
 aca. It ranges throughout the Ithaca group. 
 
 (romp/ioccras tiouidum Hall. 
 
 This species is rather conmion in the Ithaca group. A small 
 variety of it occurs in the upi)er Sp. I<rvis zone ot the Portage. 
 
 PorccUia nais Hall.* 
 
 This is a rare species occurring occasionally in the Ithaca group. 
 
 (roniatitcs siHuosns Hall. j: , 
 
 This species ranges from the lower Portage through the Ithaca 
 Sroup. 
 
 (roniatitcs pcracietus Hall. • • ■ 
 
 A single well preserved specimen from station .|-2, a1x)ut fif- 
 teen feet above the Spirifcr Irevis zone. (Omitted in list, p. 2.^1. 
 
 (ioniatitcs romplanafus Hall. 
 This is a common .specie.; in the Portage. 
 
 Gon in titcs disco id t 'its Hall. 
 Conunon in the Portage. 
 
 (ioniatitcs simulator Hall. 
 Ithaca group.— Hall. 
 
 Goniatitcs unianffularis Con, 
 
 Some -specimens from the Ithaca group are doubtfully referred 
 to this .species. 
 
 PelecvjKxla. 
 
 Phthonia cylindrica Hall. ~ r 
 
 A single entire specimen of this species has been found 
 * Classed by the writer amoiijj; oeplialopods, <l<.uotless by inistiikf. 1 
 
 'i:»i 
 
40 
 
 the Ithaca 
 
 41 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 41 
 
 • Hall. 
 nm\ at Ub- 
 
 ihe PortaK^' 
 
 Ithaca «rouv 
 ightbe Ithaca 
 
 ^_2, alMHit fit- 
 Lmlist, p. 23)- 
 
 nibtfully referred' 
 
 ,s hocti foniul 
 •ss V)v niistuUf. 
 
 Station 6-1 in the Ithaca shale. It har, not been reported before 
 from the Ithaca group. 
 
 Phihonia lirata Hall. 
 
 Ithaca shale.— H S. William.s. 
 
 Pholadella radiata Hali. 
 Ithaca group. — Hall. 
 
 Spcxthella typica Hall. 
 
 Common in the Portage and Ithaca groups. 
 
 Schizodus chevuing crisis Hall. 
 
 This is a common species in the upper part of the Ithaca 
 group at Ithaca. 
 
 Schizodus clunniuircnsis var. quadrangularis Hall. 
 
 A few specimens have the distin(5lly ere(5l form of the variety 
 (Itscribed as quadrangularis by Hall. 
 
 iilossites dipressus Hall. 
 
 This species occurs in the Spirifer Iccvis zone, and is occasion- 
 ally found in the Ithaca group. 
 
 iGrammysia subanuata Hall. 
 
 This is a connnon species throughout most of the Ithaca 
 
 oup. It als(5 occurs in the upper Portage. 
 
 Prof. Hall has recorded the three following species of Gram- 
 lysia from the "lower Chemung" at Ithaca: Grammysia magna 
 flail, G. circularis Hall, and G. dliptica Hall. 
 
 oniopJiora minor Hall. 
 Rather common in the Ithaca group, 
 
 oniophora hamiltonensis Hall. 
 
 This species occurs in the Ithaca group, but less commonly 
 
 an the preceding. • 
 
 Mdmondia suhovata Hall. 
 , Connnon in the upper part of the Ithaca group. 
 
 ^icrodon {CypHcardiila) hellisf, iatus (Conrad) Hall. 
 
 M Common throughout most of the Ithaca group. It has not 
 
 1|feen found in the Portage. 
 
 ficrodon gregarius Hall. 
 __This species is associated with the former, but is le.ss connnon. 
 
 .„«*' 
 
 iS** 
 
BULLEVIN 6 
 
 4* 
 
 
 la 
 
 i 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 i 
 
 *.^i^o,o„ len..U>r!«>.a HaU ^^^^^ ^^„„p._H. S. WiUiams. 
 From the lower part of t. 
 
 Con.carmm ">"""» "^from the Ithaca group by Trof. Ha . 
 
 This species is repoi lc 
 CUfiocariia 'A^^" «f ^ eharafleristic and abundant portage 
 
 Ithaca group; toiina o 
 
 ptychodesma nanum Hall. - 
 
 'ithaca group.— Hall. 
 
 u ^ uoxp been found in 
 
 Panenka sp. •„,,„, of this genus ha^e beei 
 
 Two imperfea spec nien^^^ 
 
 the Ithaca group m the t^a 
 
 Macrodon chcmrin^'nu^J^^^^ ^^ , i„ surface ni^k- 
 
 Soecimens corresponding to ^"^^^ ^ ^^^ ithaca group. Tht 
 
 • ^ Tr sDaringlv in the upper part «y"^ concentric struc 
 
 ing occur sparing ^^^^^^ ^^ ."'f f " u'es which mark 
 
 t,«„o hpen fouiul 
 Parana sp. . x .^^^j^ aenvs have oeci 
 
 A few fragmentary specimens ot g 
 
 in the Ithaca group. ■v^^- 
 
 M.../a diffidens HaU- ^ . . ^^^^ portage and Ithaca groups. 
 
 This is a common species 
 Nuada corbuliformis Hall. ^ ^.^^,„, ,vhich ap 
 
 Ar«../a lamdlata Hall. .^ ^^^ ^^^,,, g^oup. t.o 
 
 This is apparently a rare spc 
 specimens. 
 
 A^,.,«/z^.:. triiiuetcr Con. . ^^^^^^ed from sU 
 
 A single good specimen of this specie | 
 
 tion 7-IO in the Ithaca group. ^ I 
 
 -^T - - pal^oneilo constrim ^^-^'f\^f-,^ p^^^age and Ithaca group^l 
 This is a very common fossil of the I ortag 
 
42 
 
 43 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 43 
 
 Villiaiiis. 
 >rof. Hall. 
 
 It Portage 
 
 above il^e 
 
 tiaca fauna. 
 
 en 
 
 found ill 
 
 mrface mark- 
 group. T"^^^ 
 icentric striie 
 i which mark 
 pustules, giv- 
 
 ve 
 
 been 
 
 fomul 
 
 Ithaca groups 
 
 idffis which ap 
 . Hamilton. 
 
 ca group. 
 
 tw" 
 
 btained from ^t; 
 
 ,ud Ithaca gr'>^n- 
 
 occurring at nearly every station, and usually associated with P. 
 Jilosa. It varies greatly in form and size. 
 
 The specimens referred to this species include many which 
 correspond to Hall's figures of P. maxima, but which seem to 
 be only variations of the P. constrifla type. 
 
 PalcEoneilo constrifla var.y?^.r7/(7.ya (Conrad) Hall. 
 Ithaca group. — Hall. 
 
 Paliponeilo Jilosa Con , 
 
 This is a common species of the Portage and Ithaca groups. 
 It shows comparatively little tendency to variation. Well pre- 
 served specimens show distin<5l, fine striae between the coarser 
 ones on the posterior part of the shell, similar to P. fecunda. 
 
 PalcEoneilo plana Hall. 
 
 This species occurs in the Ithaca group, but is much less 
 common than the two preceding. 
 
 Palaoneilo emarginataf (Conrad) Hall. 
 
 Two imperfe(5l specimens from the Ithaca group are referred 
 to this species. 
 
 eda diver sa Hall. 
 
 This species is rather common in the Portage and Ithaca groups. 
 
 eda curtaf Meek. 
 Lower Portage. — H. S. Williams. 
 
 Leda perstriata Hall. 
 
 Upper Spirifer Icevis zone. — H. S. Williams. 
 
 Modiomorpha subalata var. chemungensis Hall. 
 
 This is one of the most abundant species in the Ithaca group. 
 
 Modiomof-pha subalata Hall. 
 
 Some specimens from the Portage and Ithaca groups corre- 
 l^nd to M. subalata of the Hamilton. 
 
 ^odiomorpha concentrica Hall. 
 
 A few specimens have been found in the Ithaca group. 
 
 ^fodioviorpha complanata Hall. 
 !;' From the lower part of the Ithaca group. — H. S. Williams. 
 
 mfodiomorpha negleilaf Hall. 
 
 .^_A single specimen from .station 7-10 is referred to ti > .species. 
 
w 
 
 BULLETIN 6 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 TW« ^If^twrrroup. „. ........ ,„„, bed a. Ul--...'^' ; 
 
 >his species is common |,__ 
 
 ^ ""fl the ordinary specmrens of A/ 
 ffiorTand -aU si.e. 
 
 ,„d occurs less ^^^^-^^^r^ i„ the exterrs^" of the^ g^^_ 
 viduals show f^at vana ^y.^^,, <,f the «> > ^, ^^,,, 
 
 ,ibi«sity o '^^^^'^^'■eCely to HalVs hs"-;: ,j^;,^u>tions „f 
 
 r. sociale. 
 
 -. • . r»f / cfyfodcsnid 
 
 /,^W..ma naz^i/bm. Hall. ,. - . 
 
 From the Ithaca group.-Hall. 
 
 P,..n.a C V^^^^^:^^, oMhe Ithaca group. 
 Common m the upper p 
 
 «.„-».^./7« '-^"■' «f ■ ^ f,, specimens have ^ee.^ "!>,;"•;:„ 
 
 This is a rare spectes. A fe^ P-^^^^.^^ q„„,y and 
 from the Ithaca group at 
 creek. 
 
 pterinopcae'i mborbicuhrit Hall. ^■^^^^^^, 
 
 ^c4 in the Ithaca gro«p.-H. b. NV 
 
 ^wK^/'fto »«^''"'""" "''"„ c Williams. ■ 
 From the Ithaca group.-H. h. « ^ 
 
 Aviculopenenfa^cuU^^-^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^„„p. 0,.e spec, 
 
 Jrr::fS1oth"s;ciesisfromstat,on.-.4. 
 
 %i 
 
 i} 
 
45 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 45 
 
 , been pbtaiiK-a 
 ry and in Vail 
 
 occasionally in the Ithaca group. 
 
 Avindopeflen rugo'stn'atusf Hall. 
 
 A few specimens which are found in the Portage and Ithaca 
 groups are doubtfully referred to this species. 
 
 Aviculopecten lautus var. ithacensis n. var., Pl. i, fig. 3. 
 
 The specimen on which this variety is based differs from A. 
 lautus, figured by Hall, in having the beak prominent, the 
 hinge line much shorter than the width of the shell, very dis- 
 tin(5l concentric striae, and only a portion of the strong rays with 
 ! intermediate finer ones. 
 
 The left valve has a width of nine-twentieths and a height 
 [of two-fifths of an inch. 
 
 From the Portage at the foot of Ithaca falls. 
 
 \Aflinopteria sp. • 
 
 Specimens of this genus are common through the Ithaca group 
 md upper Portage. Prof. Hall has described ten species of 
 \ninopteria from Ithaca. The.se probably represent variations 
 )f two or three species. All I have seen I have been able to 
 refer to the three following species: — 
 
 Xflinopteria tenuistriata Hall. 
 
 A few specimens from the Portage and the lower part of the 
 tthaca group are referred to this species. 
 
 Aflinopteria boydi Hall. 
 
 Typical specimens of this .species are abundant at Tiiphammer 
 and other localities in the upper Ithaca fauna. 
 
 Ailinopteria perstr talis Hall. 
 
 Specimens referred to this species are common in the Portage 
 and Ithaca rocks. 
 
 oup. 
 4- 
 
 One sp*-'^^ 
 
 species are 
 
 The points of difference made by Hall between his Ithaca 
 l^cies of AFlinopteria, are shown in the following synopsis of 
 eir chara(5lers: — 
 
 Analytical key to the species of Aflinopteria. 
 
 Body nearly ere<5l, broadly ovate; hinge line extended. 
 
 Concentric striae crenulating the rays and bending back in 
 
 the interspaces. Aflinopteria seta. 
 
 Concentric striae not crenulating the rays nor bending back 
 
 in the interspaces; form quadrate. A. tenuistriata. 
 
Wi'iri' r- ""-'■• 
 
 46 
 
 BULLETIN 6 
 
 46 
 
 B. Body not very obli^^^^ ^^ ., ^Hch curve backward 
 
 /? Surface marked by con 
 
 between the radu. interstitial adauions. 
 
 - ;^, Itrong radii, usually without u ^^^,^, 
 
 ' ' '*"": f ;ked by concentnc strte which curve back- 
 B. Surface not marHea oy 
 
 ward between the faa»- interspaces. 
 
 ,S'/ Strong elevated rays and wider ^. ,^„/„„. 
 
 &2. Radii, fine. ^ o ^jth the hinge. 
 
 . /i'/. Body at an angle of about o ^ ^^,^^^ 
 
 f w.i,t A.^' with the hinge. 
 
 %rsLu :»ito;' :— -'^^>' -r:;^-w.. 
 
 ,.. SheU of .ediun, s..e. rhomboMal, body^brc«dU 
 ovate. 
 ^- nUrE*interr„pted and undu.atU.g. A. kapp.. 
 
 Crustacea. 
 
 Phacops rana Hall. ^ ^ ^^^^^^^y Ui the Ithaca 
 
 This species is abundant at a smg 
 group, station 8-4. 
 
 Mesothyra oceani Hall. 
 
 This is a rare species m the Portage g 
 
 Vertebrata. 
 
 Pisces. 
 
 Dipterm ithacemis H. S. W- ^^ §. Williams. 
 
 U)wer Ithaca group and Ithaca snaie. 
 
 11 
 
46 
 
 47 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 47 
 
 backward 
 
 lilions. 
 A. boydi. 
 
 about 55°- 
 
 A. theta. 
 an angle o\ 
 
 A. eta. 
 curve back- 
 
 :S. 
 
 A. epsilon. 
 
 hinge. 
 A. delta. 
 t hinge, 
 ovate. 
 , perstrialh. 
 body broadly 
 A. iota. 
 
 A. kappa. 
 
 hi the Ithaca 
 
 5. Williams. 
 
 Plants. 
 
 Plumidina plumaria Hall. 
 
 This species occurs abundantly at many localities in the Ithaca 
 group. I have also found it in the upper Spirifer Icevh fauna 
 at Glen wood. 
 
 Psilophyton princeps Dawson. 
 
 Common in the Ithaca shale and Portage group. 
 
 Rachiopteris punctata Dawson. 
 
 Occurs in the Ithaca shale. — H. S. Williams. 
 
 \Lepidodendron .sp. 
 
 Fragments of a species of Lepidodendron have been found in 
 I the Ithaca group at station 8-4. 
 
 Typicai, Chemung Fauna. 
 
 The Chemung fauna does not occur in any of the Ithaca sec- 
 tions, but the following list represents it at the typical locality, 
 near Chemung village, as determined by Prof. Williams*: — 
 
 Orthis tiogay Streptorhynchiis chemungensis, Aviculopenen pec- 
 tenifortnis Hall, Pterinea chemiingensis (Con.) H. S W., Stro- 
 phodonta cayuta, S. dentissa, ProduHella lachrymosa var. lima, P. 
 costatnla, Spirifer disjunflus, Amboavlia timbonata var. gregaria, 
 Atrypa reticularis, Rhynchonella contraHa, Leiorhynchus sinuatiis, 
 L. mesacostalis, Cryptonella eudora, Pteronites spinigeriis Con., 
 Pterinta protexta Con., Aviaila muUilineata Con., Cypricardites 
 XGoniophora) chemungensis, Schizodus {Nuculites) chemiingensis 
 (Con. ), Grammy sia subarcuata H. & Whit. 
 
 The rare species are Chonetes setigera, C. illinoisensisf , Pleuro- 
 iomaria capillaria, Euomphalus sp. , Collonema sp. , Rhynchonella 
 mppho, Orthis michelini L'Ev. (if distinct from O. vaniixemi), 
 trlyptodesma sp. , Bellerophon mara, Platyceras sp., Cyclonema sp., 
 Orthis carinata, O. leonensis, Knorria sp. , Cladochonus sp. , Stro- 
 ffhodonta perplana var. nenvsa, Taxocrinus ithacensis, Gomphoce- 
 ius sp. , spirifer Jimbriata, ''Fucoides graphica,'' Spirifer mesa- 
 ^stalis (2d var.), Atrypa aspera, Orthis impressa (wide var.), 
 \hynchoneUa orbindaris, Discina grandis, Mytilarca chemungensis. 
 
 J*lJull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 3. 
 
48 
 
 Bulletin 6 
 
 48 
 
 PART IV. 
 
 Summary. 
 
 W' 
 
 The detailed lists of the preceding pages show that we have 
 represented here four faunas. The work of Dr. H. S. Williams* 
 has left little to be done in determining their composition and 
 order of sequence. The efforts of the writer have therefore been 
 directed toward ascertaining the extreme limits of the vertical 
 range of the several species beyond their zone of culmination, by 
 a minute study of .several sections. A precise knowledge of the 
 vertical range of the dominant species of a fauna is very essen- 
 tial to a corre(5l interpretation of its hi.story. If the principal 
 spec es of a fauna can be shown to be entirely ab.sent from the 
 beds below it, then it may be con;;:dered a migratory fauna. 
 The scarcity of the principal rep'-esentatives of a fauna below 
 their horizon of culmination might give a locally developed fau- 
 na the appearance of having migrated into a region. 
 
 The principal result of this study has been to extend the 
 vertical range of some of the well known species of these fau- 
 nas, and to determine more definitely that of others. The range 
 of a number of these is shown by the table. B>' reference to tlie 
 same, it will be seen that two of the most abundant and char 
 adleristic Portage .species, Glyptocardia speciosa and Lunuliav- 
 dium fragile, have been found in the midst of the Ithaca group. 
 One of the most interesting of such forms h^r^—Spinfer lievis— 
 has been found no feet below the well known zone at the ba.se 
 of Ithaca falls. Some of the .species of the Ithaca fauna not 
 previously known below it, have been found in the Portage 
 rocks. One of the mo.st interesting of these is Ryhnchondla 
 puiimis Martin, which I have found at station 7-5. ' Plumulina 
 plumaria has been found at a few localities as.sociated with 
 Spirifer hevis near the middle of the Portage. 
 
 The number of -.current Hamilton fossils previously known 
 from the Ithaca group has been increased by the discovery of , 
 some additional species. These are Phacops rana, which occurs f 
 abundantly in a single layer in the Ithaca group (station 8-4). 
 Ortlns vanuxetni, also abundant at a single locality (.station 6-1), 
 Modiomorp/ia mytiloides, Nuailites friqucter, Strophodo7ita perplami. 
 Phthonia cvlindrica. 
 
 Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 3. -'- 
 
 -it 
 
49 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 49 
 
 A comparison of the Ithaca and Portage faunas shows that 
 nearly all of the typical Portage species occur, though less -rbuncl- 
 antly, in the Ithaca fauna. Some of the most abundant species 
 of the Ithaca fauna, Cyrtina liamiltoncnsis and Strophodonta 
 mucronata, are present in the Portage. A few of the most dis- 
 tinctive species of the Ithaca fauna as Cryptonella iitdora and 
 Spirifcr mrsacostalis, are not found in the Portage and the Ith- 
 aca shale. The prevalence of the Ithaca shale conditions and 
 the Li)ii^ula fauna probably led to the .shifting of some of the 
 Portage species, since they appear to be absent from the Ithaca 
 shale; with the return o£ .sandy sediments, the Portage species, 
 [some of which were thinned almo.st to extniclion. were accom- 
 panied by Hamilton species which were probably derived from 
 ithe east and by others not before known from the New York 
 (sy.stem, giving rise to the co.smopolitan Ithaca fauna. 
 
 An examination of the Chemung fauna also reveals its close 
 I relationship to the Ithaca fauna. Several of the species are 
 i common to both. There is, however, a smaller per cent, of 
 species common to the Chemung and Ithaca, than of those com- 
 mon to the latter and the Portage fauna. This together with 
 tlie fa(5l that Portage species occur in the Ithaca group, and 
 that a typical Portage fauna occurs above the ithaca, seem to 
 indicate that the latter has a closer relationship to the Portage 
 and shouldbe classed in the Portage epoch. 
 
 A LlvST OF THE MORE IMPORTANT PAPERS AND WORKS CON- 
 SULTED IN THE Preparation of this Work. 
 
 1538. Hall, Jas. 2d Ann'l Rep't 4th Geol. Dist. of N. Y., 
 pp. 287-373. 
 
 1539. Conrad, T. A. 2d Ann'l Rep't Geol. Surv. of N. Y., 
 vol. iii, pp. 57-60. 
 
 1 84 1. Conrp'i, T. A. 5th Ann'l Rep't on the Paleont. Dep't, 
 
 Geol, Surv. of N. Y., vol. v, pp. 25-57. 
 [842. Conrad, T. A. Obs. on Sil. & Dev. Systems of U. S.. 
 
 with descriptions of new organic remains; Jour. Acad. Nat. 
 
 Sci. Phila. , vol. viii, part ii, pp. 228-280. 
 J42. Hall, Jas. Explanation of two sedtions at Portage: Amer. 
 
 Jour. Sci., vol. xlv, pp. 329-330. 
 $43. Hall, Jas. Surv. 4th Geol. Dist. of N. Y., pp. 224-227, 
 
 414-449. ._._^ _ - 
 
 J46, De Verneiiil, Ed. Note sur le parallelisme des roches 
 
 '■■■-.gfe. 
 
\q 
 
 50 
 
 Bn.LKTIN 6 
 
 50 
 
 il 
 
 des (lc])ots ixileo/ouiuts de rAniericiite septentrioiiale avec 
 ceiix de I'luirope, suivie d'un tableau des espcces fossils 
 comimines aux deux continents, avec 1' indication des etages 
 on elles se rencontrent, et terminee par un exanien criti<|ue 
 de chacune deces especes. — Hulletin de la vSociete de France, 
 2e serie. t. iv, p. 646-710. 
 
 1S4.S. Conrad, T. A. Descriptions of new species of fossils, re- 
 cent shells and corals; Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., vol. iii, 
 pp. 19-27. 
 
 1S52. Hall. Jas. Paheontology of N. V., vol. ii. 
 
 1S57. Hall, Jas. De.scriptions of Paheo/oic fo.ssils; loth Ann! 
 Rep't N. Y. State Cabinet Xat. Hist., pp. 41-180. 
 
 185S. Bigsby, J. J. On the PaUeozoic basin of the State of New 
 York. Par/ I. — A synoptical view of the niineralogical and 
 fossil characlers of the Pakeozoic strata of the State of New 
 York; Quart. Jour. (xoel. vSoc, vol. xiv, pp. .^35-427, 
 
 1 858. Bigsby, J. J. Part II. — Classification of the Pakeozoic 
 strata of the State of New York; Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., 
 vol. xiv, pp. 427-452. 
 
 1859. Big.sby, J. J. Part III. — An inquiry into the .sedimen- 
 tary and other external relations of the Pakeozoic fos.sils of 
 the State of New York; Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, vol. xv. 
 
 PP- 251-335- 
 i860. Hall, Jas. 13th Ann'l Rer t N. Y. State Cabinet Nat. 
 Hist. 
 
 i86i. Hall, Jas. 14th Ann'l Rep't N. Y. State Cabinet Nat. 
 Hist. 
 
 1862. Dawson, J. W. On the flora of the Devonian period in 
 northeastern North An^erica; Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. 
 xviii, pp. 296-530. 
 
 1863. Hall, Jas. Descriptions of new species of Brachiopoil:i 
 from the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton and Chemung groups: 
 1 6th Ann'l Rep't N. Y. vState Cabinet Nat. Hist., pp. 19-^^^ 
 
 1867. Hall. Jas. Pakecmtology of New York, vol. iv. 
 
 1868. Hall, Jas. 2oth Ann'l Rep't N. Y. State Cabinet Nat 
 Hist. 
 
 1870. Hall, Jas. Prelim. Notice of Lamel., &c., part ii; pp. i 
 96. 
 
 1873. Hall, Jas. 23d Ann'l Rep't N. Y. State Cabinet Nat 
 Hist. 
 
 1874. Pitt, W. H. New Gramrnvsia; Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat 
 
50 
 
 51 
 
 Ithaca (iRorp 
 
 51' 
 
 Divale avec 
 ces fossils 
 des etagcs 
 eii criti(iut 
 de Friiiice, 
 
 fossils, re- 
 ila., vol. iii, 
 
 lotli Ann'l 
 8o. 
 
 i^tate of New 
 ralogical and 
 State of New 
 
 5-427- 
 
 :he PaltEO/oic 
 
 . Geol. S(K., 
 
 the sedimen- 
 ^zoic fossils of ll 
 Soc, vol. XV. 
 
 t Cabinet Nat. | 
 
 e Cabinet Nat. 
 
 onian period m 
 aeol. Soc., vol. 
 
 of Brachiopoda 
 heniung groups; | 
 Hist., pp. i9-^^' 
 vol. iv. 
 ate Cabinet Nat. 
 
 :c., part ii; PP- ' : 
 ate Cabinet Nat 
 Buffalo Soc. Nat 
 
 vSci., vol. i. 
 1.S75. Hall, Jas. 27th Ann'l Rep't N. V. State Cabinet Nat. 
 
 Hist. 
 1876. Hall, Jas. ^illustrations of Devonian fos.sils. 
 
 1879. Hall, Jas. Paheontology of New York. vol. v. part ii. 
 
 1880. Lesquereux, Leo. Coral flora of the Pennsjlvania Coal 
 Mea.sures; 2d Cieol. Surv. Penna., vol. P. 
 
 1880. Williams. H. S. Palitontological Researches; Science, 
 vol. i. No. 16. p. 190. 
 
 1880. Williams, H. S. Some pakeontological studies on the life 
 lystory of Spirifer /trvis H.; Proc Amer. A.ssoc. Adv. Sci., 
 vol. xxix; Amer. Jour. Sci.. 3d .ser., vol. xx, pp 456-459. 
 
 i88r. Williams, H. S. Channel fillings in the Upper Devoni- 
 an; Amer. Jour. Sci.. 3d .ser., vol. xxi, pp. 318-320. 
 
 188 1. Williams. H. S. The recurrence of faunas in the Devo- 
 rocks of New York; Proc. Amer. A.s.soc. Adv. Sci., vol. xxx, 
 pp. 1 86- 1 91. 
 
 188 1. Williams, H. S. On fish remains from the Upper Devo- 
 nian; Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. xxx, p. 192. 
 
 1 88 1. Daw.son, J. W. Notes on new £)rian (Devonian) plants; 
 Quart. Jour. Geol. vSoc. vol. xxxvii, pp. 299-308. 
 
 1 1882. Dawson. J. W. Recent discoveries in the Erian (Devo- 
 
 vonian) flora of the United States; Amer. Jour. Sci., 3d .ser.. 
 
 vol. xxiv, pp. 338-345- 
 
 [882, Williams, H. S. New crinoids from the rocks of the 
 
 Chemung period of New York; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.. 
 
 PP- 17-34- 
 (882. Williams H. vS. The undulations of the rock masses 
 across central New York; Proc. Amer. A.ssoc. Adv. Sci., 
 vol. xxxi, p. 412. 
 
 1882. Williams, H. S. Catalogue of the Fo.ssils of the Che- 
 mung period of North America, Ithaca, N. Y. 
 
 |882. Clarke, J. M. New phyllopod crustaceans from the De- 
 vonian of western New York; Amer. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., 
 xxiii, pp. 476-478. 
 583. Williams, H. S. On a remarkable fauna at the base of 
 the Chemung group in New York; Amer. Jour. Sci., 3d 
 .sen, vol. XXV, pp. 97-104. 
 J83. Clarke, J. M. New di.scoveries in Devonian cru.stacea: 
 Amer. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. xxv, pp. 120-125. 
 1883. Daw.son, J. W. On rhizocarps in the Paleozoic period; 
 
aMMMl 
 
 52 
 
 Bulletin 6 
 
 52 
 
 Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. xxxii. pp. 260-264. 
 
 1884. Hall. Jas. Pakeontology of New York, vol. v, part i, 
 sedl. I. Moiioniyaria. 
 
 US84. Will-ams. H. S. On the fossil faunas of the Upper De- 
 vonian along the meridian of 76° 30', from Tompkins count> , 
 New York, to Bradford county. Pennsylvania; Bull. U. vS, 
 Oeol. vSurv., No. 3. 
 
 18H4. Ringueberg, E. N. S. A new Dinichthys from the Port- 
 age group of western New York; Amer. Jour. Sci., 3d .ser., 
 vol. xxvii, pp. 476-478. { ■ ■;' ; . ;-- 
 
 18.S4. Hall, Jas. Preliminary notice of the lamellibraii^hiate 
 shells of the Upper Helderlierg. Hamilton and Chemung 
 groups, part i; 35th Ann'l Rep't N. Y. State Mus. Nat. 
 Hist., py. 215-406. 
 
 1S84. Williams, H. S. On a crinoid with movable spines: 
 Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. xxi. pp. 81-88. pi. 
 
 1885. Williams, H. S. A revision of the Cayuga Lake section 
 of the Devonian; Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., p. 215; 
 Amer. Jour. Sci., 3d ser.. vol. xxxii, p. 321. 
 
 1885. Clarke, J. M. A brief outline of the geological succes 
 
 .sion in Ontario county. New York; to accompany a maj); 
 
 Ann'l Rep't State Geol., 1884, pp. 2-22, map. 
 1885. On the higher Devonian faunas of Ontario county, New 
 
 York; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 16, pp. 1-86, pis. 1-3. 
 1885. Hall, Jas. Palaeontology of New York. vol. v. part i, 
 
 se(5l. 2, Dimyaria. 
 1885. Hall, Jas. Note on the intimate relations of the Cli 
 
 mung group and Waverly sand.stone in northwestern Peini 
 
 sylvania and southwestern New York; Proc. Amer. Assoc. 
 
 Adv. Soc, vol. xxxiii, pp. 416-419. 
 1885. Newberry, J. S. Some peculiar screw-like fossils from 
 
 the Chemung rocks; Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. iii, pp 
 
 33-34- 
 
 1885. Beecher, C. E., Hall. J. W. and C. E. Notes on tlu 
 Oneonta .sand.stone in the vicinity of Oxford, Chenann' 
 county, New York; 5th Ann'l Rep't N. Y. State Geol., p. n 
 
 1886. Wilhams, H. S. Devonian Lamellibranchiata and spi 
 cies making; Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xxxii, pp. 192-199. 
 
 1886. Williams, H. S. On the classification of the Upper IH 
 vonian; Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. xxxiv, pp. .^.'- 
 
 ■:-^^ 234. . ,,^,^,. ^_. 
 
 — Jl 
 
52 
 
 53 
 
 Ithaca Group 
 
 53 
 
 1-264. 
 V, part I. 
 
 lTpj)er l)t 
 ins coimtN , 
 Bull. U. S 
 
 m the Port 
 id., 3d ser., I 
 
 lihrail^hiati 
 d Chenumi; 
 Mus. Nat 
 
 ,'able spines 
 
 Lake section 
 Sci., p. 215 
 
 ogical succes 
 bpauy a may. 
 
 3 county, New 
 S6, pis. 1-3- 
 vol. V. part i 
 
 IS of the Cli 
 iwestern Pemi 
 
 Amer. As>"c. 
 
 ke fossils from 
 3ci.. vol. iii, 1>V 
 
 Notes on lli^ 
 ford, Chenanji' 
 LateGeol.. p. " 
 :hiata and spe 
 )p. 192-199- ,^ 
 
 f the Upper 1'^^ '^ 
 . xxxiv, pp- 22- 
 
 1HH6. Williams. H. vS. Notes on the fossil fishes of the Oen- 
 e.see and Portage black shales; Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. S<:i.. 
 vol. V, No. [, pp. Hi -84. 
 
 iSSj. Clarke, J. M. Annelid teeth from the lower part of the 
 Hamilton group and from the Naples .shales of Ontario 
 county, New York; 6th Ann'l Rep't State Geol., pp. 30-32. 
 
 18H7. Williams, H. S. On the fos.sil faunas of the Upper De- 
 vonian — the Genesee section, New York; Bull. U. S. Geol. 
 Surv., No. 41, pj). 1-121, pis. 1-4. 
 
 1H.S7. Williams, H. S. A revision of the Cayuga Lake .sedlion 
 of the Devonian; Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. xxxv, 
 p. 215. 
 
 1S.S7. Williams, H. vS. The vStrophomenidae; a palaeontological 
 study of the method of initiation of genera and species; 
 Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. vSci.. vol. xxxv, p. 227. 
 
 1S88. Ashburner, C. A. Petroleum and natural gas in New 
 York State: Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. Engineers, vol. xvi, p. 
 
 495- 
 isss. Pro.sser, C. S. The Upper Hamilton of Chenango and 
 
 Otsego C(mnties; Proc. Amer. A.ssoc. Adv. Sci., vol. xxxvi, 
 
 p. 210. 
 iSSS. Hall. Jas. and Clarke, J. M. Palaeontology of New York. 
 
 vol. vii, text and plates. 
 18S.S. Williams, H. S. The different types of the Devonian 
 
 vSystem in North America; Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xxxv, pp. 
 
 51-60. 
 
 1889. Clarke. J. M. The genus Bronteus in the Chemung 
 rocks of New York; 8th Ann'l Rep't State Geol., pp. 57-59- 
 
 .1889. Williams, H. S. On the relation of the Devonian faunas 
 of Iowa; Amer. Geol., vol. iii, pp. 230-233. 
 
 1890. Williams, H. S. The Cuboides zone and its fauna; a dis- 
 cu.ssion of methods of correlation; Bull. Geol. Soc. of Amer., 
 pp. 481-500, pis. 1 1- 13. 
 
 1890. Hall, Jas. On the genus Spirifera and its interrelations 
 with the genera Spiriferina, Syringothyris, Cyrtia and Cyr- 
 tina: Bull. Geol. Soc. of Amer., vol. i, pp. 567-568. 
 
 1890. Hall, Jas. New forms of Dictyospongidse from the rocks 
 of the Chenunig group; Bull. Geol. Soc. of Amer., vol, i, 
 pp. 22-23. 
 
 [890. Prosser, C. S. The thickness of the Devonian and Silu- 
 rian rocks of western central New York; Amer. Geol., vol. 
 vi, pp. 199-201. 
 
'^.^^m 
 
 54 
 
 Bulletin 6 
 
 54 
 
 1891. Prosser, C. S. The j^eological jx)sitioti of the Catskill 
 group; Amer. Geol., vol. vii, pp. 351-366. 
 
 1891 Williams, H. S. Correlation papers — Devonian and Car 
 boniferous; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 80, pp. 1-279. 
 
 1892. Pros.ser, C. S. Thickne.ss of Devonian and Silurian rocks 
 of western New York; Proc. Kocli. Acad. Sci. , vol, ii, pj). 
 49-104. 
 
 1892. Prosser, C. S. The Devonian system of eastern Penn- 
 sylvania; Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xliv, pp. 210-221. 
 
 1893, Darton, N. H. The stratigraphic relations of the One- 
 cnta and Chemung formations in eastern central New York, 
 Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xlv, pp. 203-200. 
 
 1593. Prosser, C. S. The thickness of the Devonian and Silu 
 rian rocks of central New York; Bull. Geol. Soc. of Amer., 
 vol. iv, pp. 91- 1 iS. 
 
 1893. Stevenson. J. J. U.se of the name "Catskill"; Amer. 
 Jour. Sci., vol. xlvi, pp. 330-337. 
 
 1594. Pros.ser. C. S. The Devonian .sy.stem of eastern Petm- 
 sylvania and New York; Bull. U. S. C^eol. Surv., No. 120. 
 
 \r'S 
 
 :0:- 
 
 %■ 
 
54 
 
 le Catskill 
 
 11 and Car- 
 
 -279- ^ 
 urian rocks 
 
 vol. ii, PP- ^3 
 
 tern Penn 
 
 f the One- 
 New York. 
 
 in and Silu- 
 .. of A.mer., 
 
 :iU"; Anier. 
 
 istern Penn- 
 r., No. I20. 
 
 Plate I. 
 
Iflf-"' --***■ '^•*' 
 
 mm 
 
 56 
 
 KlLLETlN 6 
 
 56 
 
 "h\ 
 
 wu'i 
 
 EXPLAXATIOX OK PLATE I, 
 
 (I) 
 
 Page. 
 
 Fig. I. Bellcrophon it/iaansis n. sp. , X2 39. 39. 
 
 Dorsal view. 
 
 2. Bellcrophon itlnurnsis n. sp., X2 39, 39. 
 
 Showing part of peristome. 
 
 3. Aviculopccloi laittns var. it/iaansis n. var. , X2.. 45, 45. 
 
 Left valve. 
 
 mi 
 
•'( - i'if 
 
 1-^ ' ' 
 
 -r 
 
 {■mcr. Ar-(2.cont. vf/ 
 
 x: 
 
 a