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Maps, plates, charts, . , m'~jy be filmed at different reduction ratios. Tho.ie too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre film6s d des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est film6 d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la methods. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 OLOGIOAL AMD NATUBAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CANADA ALFEED K. C. SELWYN, LL.D., F.K.S., F.C^S., Director. CHEMICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EOLOGY OF CANADA. COALS AND LIGNITES OF TUB NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. BT G. CHRISTIAN HOFFMANN, F. Inst. Chem. Chemist and Mineralogist to the Survey. PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF PARLIAMENT. MONTEEAL : DAWSON BEOTHEES. 1884. t y} Ml if:-. W'V ■h To To Alfred R. C. Selwyn, Esq., LL.P., F.RS., F.G.S., Director of the Geological and Natural History Sunvy of Canada. Sir, — I hrive the honor herewith of laying before you the results of an investigation, carried out by me, with the object of determining the economic value of the Coals and Lignites of the North-West Territory. The specimens were in all instances collected by officers of the Survey — some by yourself, a few by Prof. J. Macoun, one by Mr. R. \V. Ells, the remaindei" and greater number by Dr. G. M. Dawson and Mr. E. G. McConnell. The information in regard to the geological age of the various ileposita was kindly furnished by Dr. G. M. Dawson. ) I have the honor t-o be, Sir, Youi- obedient servant, G. CHRISTIAN HOFFMANN. Ottawa, May 3l8t, 1884. 'te CHEMICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY OF CANADA, COALS AND LKJNITKS op THE NORTH-WEST TKRRITORY, BT (J. CHRISTIAN HOfTMANN, F. Inst. Chora., Cliemist and ]Mineralogi.st to the Survey. Introductory Remarks. The majority of the i'r.f.h under consideration are from the Bow an retluced to the state of a coarse powder by crushing it in an iron mor- tar, the application of more force than was absolutely necessary tn ett'ect this being carefully avoided, so as to ol>viate, as far as possible, the ju'oduction of tine particles and dust. The material was subse- quently freed from this latter by shaking it uj)on a sieve do so on those occasions — as that observed in determining the specific gravity of the various specimens of graphite and apatite which formed the Eubject of some former reports, — Reports of Progress, 1870-77, p. 489 and 1877-78, p. 1 ii. II. determin.\tion op THE water, — The loss by dossication at 110° C. was estimated as hygroscopic water. III. determination op the sulphur. — This was effected by the method proposed by Mr. Nakamura.f The process is exceedingly simple and affords most accurate results. The details of the method, as given * See under " GoneroJizations on tho physical and chemical characters, and applications i>f these fuels." Pages 5 u-10 m. t Joum. Chem. Soc, xxxv. 785. t>i. -offMANN.] COALS AND LIONITES OF THE N<»RTn-WEST TERRITORY. :i M )n at 110°C. applicationa df liy him, aro as folIowK : "Tako throo or four partn of tho mixod alkali Mothwlnof ■urlwnatoH, or of Hodiuni carlMniatc, to one part of coal in v\vdor. Intimately mix in a larj^o platinum diMh or cruciltle with a liy glasH rod, and heat tho mixture in tho dish or crucihie, loosely covered, at tirst so j^ontly as not to volalilizt' hydrocarlHtns, that is, so tliat no smell or only a very fain! aromalif (nlor isohservahle, a matter much more eivsy of execution than might ho supposed. Useanargand »pirit-lamp instead of a Bunsen's luirnor, to avoid possihlo ahsorhtion of >ulj)hur from the flame of coal gas. Keep at a low temporature for -lime time; ihon raise the heat l>y slow ilogreos without letting it reach that of visible redness, until tho surface, which is at tirst of a ijark-grey color, becomes only faintly grey. No smoke or odorous :,'!i>es should escape during the whole of tho oxidation. When tho Muface becomes only faintly grey, raise the temperature to a faint It'll heat, and keep it stationaiy for about forty to sixty minutes, at the end of which time the mass will become almost perfe(!tly white, III reddish if the coal (!oiitains iron, from the complete comliustion of the coal. The mass is then treated vvith water, tilterod, and thesulj)hato i> determined in tho filtrate as usual after acidification." It is imj)ortant that tho cohI should be very finely pulverized. The mixture should not bo stirred during ijfuition, as this, .so far from hast- iiiing, retai'ds tho oi)eration. The ignition may bo conducted in a ])latinum dish or crucible, tho former is to be preferred. The vessel employed by mo was a thin, fiat-bottomed, platinum dish, having a diameter, at the base, of four and a half centimetres. Reagent, sodium cai'bonato. Source of heat, a Berzellus' argand spirit-lamp. The sulphur existing as sulphate (gypsum) was eifltimated by boiling the finely pulverized coal with a solution of sodium carbonate, etc., otc. IV. DETEU.VINATION OV THE CARBON AND HYDROQEN. — The COUlbufltion was effoctod in a current of oxygen gas, in a tube open at both ends, one of which was placed in connection with the absorbtion-bulbs and lubes, the other with tho apparatus for ])urifying and drying the air and oxygen gas. As prepared for combustion, tho tube— commencing with the anterior end — presented the following arrangement : — an asbestos plug, immediately upon which followed a four inch column of a loosely packed mixture of woolly asbestos and lead dioxide, then another asbestos plug, succeeded by a column of granulated cupric oxide kept in place by a loose plug of asbestos, and behind this the jilatinum boat containing the material to bo analyzed. The heating was effected in an Erlenraeyer's furnace, closely attached to the one end of which was a four and a half inch square sheet-iron air-bath, pro- Tided with two holes, one on either side, for the passage of the com- MothiHl* III' Hnalyiiii, otc, oont. 411 (lEOLUdlCAI, AND NATURAL IIIHTORT HIIRVKY nV OANAOA buHtioii tul)o, and a tuliorlaturo ut the top for tho lecoption ol" ti tlni moinotor— tlio position o('tin' liittor was just a Utlio on one Miiltt (tin wani) of'the contro, tlif lmll» l»«ing on a level \vitl> and alinoHt tniidi. itig tho coinliUHtion tiiite. Wlion the hiltor was in ](ositi()n, that |,iui tontaining the coliiran ofaslteMtoH and lead dioxide mixture, oxlL-ncicI over the furnace propei-, passing into the air-bath, which cuniiilololv enclosed thia portion of the tube. The bath which was heated liy » separate burner, was maintained tluoiighoul tho operation at a tfH). perature of 150° to 170 °C. The results of a preliminary analysis of cane sugar wore as foljnws Employed 0.;{0H3 gram of chemically pure sugar, dried at 100° C, tlii> gave 0.4755 gram carlwin dioxide, and 0.17i*4 gram of water: Ikmuc percentage composition of sugar: Found. Calciilftlod. Carbon 42.(KJ 4'_'.l(i Hy 0.43 Oxygen 51.48 51.47 PitrnruiicK. — 0.(14 ■j- u.o;i KHMKI 1(H1.(H» hi w re W .3 Specimens mimbers 2, 2fi, 2H, ;J0, ;^1,:{2, .'{.'{ami :{5allcontainc(i moi, or less caloite. The total amount of carbon dioxide was in each in-tnim determined, as was also the amount remaining in the ash, and conec tions made for it in calculating the composition of these fuels. V. CALORiKir I'owER. — Expiiriimntdl. The determinations wore nisule in a Thompsons calorimeter. The method of proco liberated or absorboii during the decomposition — previously to, or at the niomt'iit <»f combustion — of tin- various coni|ioiinds of carlion, hydro- gen and oxygen, of which the organic part of coal must bo composed. .\gain the hydrogen and oxygon are present in the solid state, and we ■Mv unable to iletermine what amount of force may be absorbed during liu'ir conversion into the gaseous state."] V^l. TREAT.MENT WITH A SOLUTION OK cAfsTio I'OTAsH. — Thcso experi- ments wcre Carried out almost simultaneously and under precisely similar loiiditions, the results therefore admit of a fair comparison. The fiu'ls were all ivduced to the same degree of fineness: specitic gravity of the jiutash solution 1.12. The amount of alkaline solution, weight of fuel employed, and length of time occupied in the digestion was in all instances the same. IfENERAMZATIoNS ON THE PHYSICAL AND ChEMIOAL CHARACTER.^, And Applications ok the Fuels in tii'ESTioN. The fuels under ccmsideration mav — having regard to their physical '*,''"'.'""'.'""' (iuiracters and chemical composition, — perhaps not inappropriately, "'""■"<"*"■"• Im' arranged under the three following headings, viz.. Lignites, Lignitic Coals, and Coals. I. lionites. — Numbers 1 to 21 (inc.). — On exposure to the alino- spliere all — with one excei)tion. No. 21 — the fuels included in these imnibers, have a greater or less tendency to disintegrate and fall to pieces. This property necessarily varies in degree with the different luels: some resist oxj)osure, esi»ecially when well i)i'otecled, for a tt)lerably lengthened period, and in the freshly won condition admit of ti':insportation, whilst others break down very speedily and are too triable to bear carriage. If used in their natural state, they should, liy reason of their then sounder condition, be employed as freshly \l t: ' IVroy's Metullur^' ; Rofractor>' MatorinU iind Fuel, London, 1S76. 6m QBOLOdlCAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OP CANADA. Physicnl and cheir.ical chiiractors, cont. U'> mined as ponsible. Thoy all communicate a deep brownish-red (olor to a boiling solution of caustic potash, The hygroscopic water ranges (No. 21 being disregardetl) from, say, 10 to 22 per cent. — in the greater number ol cases (excluding Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 21) from 10 t(» 15 jiei' cent., the average for the seventeen specimens being 12.17 per eent. This high percentage of moisture acts pi-ejudicially in two wjiys ; firstly, it diminishes the relative percentages of the combustible ingrodieiUs; and secondly, it (in conjunction with the combined water, of which, tlie fuels of this class contain a much larger proportion than is found in coals of Carboniferous age) diminishes the heating effect of the fuel by reason of the large amount of caloric which is absorbed in its vaporisa- tion. This defective charactei-istic of lignites is not, howevei', exclu- sively confined to them, it has also been observed in certain Amciican coals of the Carboni.'ornas; some specimens of Iowa coals having lieen found to contain as much as 12.-15, 13.02, and 14.05 per cent, of water, In considering the ash numbers !>, 1-4 and 20 have been exclmled, it being in tiiese instances exceptionally high, number 13 has also been disregarded, as this lignite does not form a separate bud. In the remainder it ranges from, say, 3 to 9 per cent., in tivo instances (inly exceeding 7 per cent., the average for the seventeen specimens heing 5.83 per cent. The ash, like the moisture, lowers the relative pei- centages of the combustible ingredients, and hence the heat producing power of the fuel. The value of the latter is influenced not only by the amount but also by the nature of this constituent (when used for household purposes, where the heat of combustion is comparatively moderate, the amount, rather than the character of the ash, is the chief consideration). Combustibles containing a large propm-tion of ash are prevented from burning completely by reason of the impedi- ment it offers to the draught — when fusible, it forms clinkers ui)0u tiie bars, impeding the passage of the air and entailing extra labor in stoking and loss of heat from the cooling effects of the rush of cold air through the flues while the grate is being cleared. These fuels are all non-cuking — in no instance was n f.'oherent coke ol)tained cither by slow or fast coking, number 17, it is true yields by fast coking a slightly fritted coke, but this is most probably due to the resin which is diffused through its substance. II. LiGNiTio COALS. — Xumbcrs 22 to 27 (inc.). Of these numi^ers 22, 23, 2-4, and 27, may be said to be tolerably firm coals — on exposure to the air they become slightly fissured but do not readily disintegrate ; numbers 25 and 26 are hard and firm and well suited for transporta- tion. In appearance they are not unlike some varieties of coal of tiie Carboniferous — numbers 23, 24 and 25 show slickensides. These fuels all communicate a brownish-red coloration to a boiling solution of Lffmann.] coals and lignites OP THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 7m aiistic potasli, which although far less intense than that artbrdotl by I'hysicai and Ijny of the fuels considered under I., is nevertheless much deeper thanoliaracters, I that wliich would be imparted by any true coal. The percentage of '^"" ' hy,i,'i"08eopic water ranges (omitting No. 2-4) from, say, 5 to 9 per cent., ' average being fi.84 ])er cent. The amtiunt of ash is very variable. IXono of these fuels yield, by slow coking, a coherent coUe — by fast coking they give, however, — with the exception of No. 22 — a slightly I fritted coke. III. COALS. — Numbers 28 to 35 (inc.). All those fuels are hard and I firm, and would, it may be infei-red, bear transportation without serious waste by reduction to tine coal. Numbers 31, 32. 33, 3-t and 35, in appearance, closely resemble some varieties of coal of the Carbonifer- ous; numbers 2i> and 31 show traces of slickensitles. Only one of these coals communicates any very appreciable coloration to a boiling solu- tion of caustic potash, the remainder do not impart a greater depth of tint than that afforded by some coals of Carboniferous age. In common with all the preceding fuels, they yield, by slow coking a non-coherent I col making will constitute a valuable fuel for many purposes; in the case of the lignitic coals and lignites, however, which yield respectively l)ut slightly fi'itted and non-coherent cokes, the residuary coke, more especially that of the lignite.s, will most probably be found to be of somewhat limited application. It appeared desirable in the case of those fuels which are only slightl}' or non-caking, to ascertain what proportion of a caking coal would be required to be added to them in order to ensure the production of a coherent, serviceable coke, and with this object in view the undei-mentioned experiments were carried out. Numboi- 26 was selected to represent the lignitic coals and number 2 the lignites: the caking coal employed was the well-known Youghio- ghen}' gas coal (Penn.> Ir ApplioatioD8, «ont. 10 M GBOLOOICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CANADA, said, higher than could be obtained in practice, where indeed tlic fulll capabilities of a fuel are never realizoti, and this maybe asfrihed toT several causes : — the fuel is scai-cely ever fully consumed, a part es(:ai)esj combu8ti(m by passing off in the form of combustible gases and isinoke I another portion falls thi-ough the grate with the ash ; there is lossol' heatT by radiation and conduction, that by conduction not only occurs throiiirh the materials of the fui-nace,but also from the gaseous i)i'oduct8 aiK 1 excesn of air, which cai-ry with them a considei-alile portion of the heat into the chimney and air ; heat is also conducted away by the ash which falls through the grate, and a further portion is absorbed in va]io!isiny the hygroscopic and combined water. In the emploj-ment of fuel, its physical and chemical constitution must be taken into account, and the conditions ascertained which ai(> most ctmducive to the development of its tuU calorific power :— tlio fuinace should have its details arranged with special reference to tiie burning of a particular fuel, as may be found after a trial, the beslj and most economical arrangement for that fuel. With reference to the value to be attached to the experimental results obtaini'il by actually burning a portion of the fuel under the boiler, the infoimatioi which even this niethod affords for practical guidance is not always sol reliable as might appear at first sight. Touching the evaporativel power of coals, Di-. Percy says* — " Numerous costly and very elabo-j i-ate experiments have been made in this and other countries to| determine the relative values of different kinds of coal with reference to steam navigation ; and I liave no hesitation in expressing my con-j viction that some of the results may lead to very erroneous conclusions.! A particular boiler — it may be an old one — is selected foi- the purpose! of experiment and set over a particular fire-grate, etc. We will supposoj two varieties of coal, say A and B, to be tested in this apparatus, and| that, weight for weight, A is found to yield more steam than B;: whereupon A is pronounced decidedly superior as a steam coal to BJ But it is quite possible that this result may be due to the particulaii boiler and fire-grate being best suited to the manner in which A burns;! and that under another boiler, and with another form of fire-grate, etc.,! B might be found superior to A. Experiments, indeed, have estal> lished that such is sometimes actually the case." r til • Percy's Metallurgy ; Refractory Materials and Fuel, London, 1875. HOFFMANN.] C^ALS AND LIGNITES OF THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 11 M I. Analyses op Lignites. -From the Souri.s River, one mile west ol' La Eocho Percdo, at the LiKnite from junction of Short Creek and Souris River. " Sutherland's " mine.' Seam fivo feet thick. Geological position — Tertiary. Collecteil by Dr. A. R. C. Selwyn, and i-eferred to by him in the Report of Progress for 1879-80, p. 5 A. A broAvnish-black, compact lignite; ligneous texture very markedj lu.stre for the greater jmrt dull, in more altered parts sulvresinous to resinous ; tough ; fracture on the whole uneven, occasionally however, verging on the sub-conchoidal ; does not soil the fingers powder black, with a brownish tinge; it communicates a deep brownish-red color to a boiling solution of caustic potash; by exposure to the air becomes more or less fissured. Specific gravity 1.4168 — Weight of one solid cubic foot, 88.65 pounds. Anal^'ses by slow and fast coking gave : Slow coking. Fast coking. Hygroscopic water 21 .84 21 .84 Volatile combustible matter 32 . 15 3.5 . 12 Fixed carbon 41 .61 38.64 Ash 4.40 4.40 Analyses of 100.00 Coke, per cent 4() .01 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1 : 1 . 29 100.00 43.04 1:1.10 It yields — both by slow and fast coking, a non-coherent coke. The ash has a brownish-yellow color — exposed to a bright red heat it becomes slightly agglutinated. 2. — From the South Saskatchewan, south side, about ten miles above Linnite from Medicine Hat. Lower seam. Seam four feet thick. Geological Snskntchcwan. position — Cretaceous. Collected by Mr. R. G. McConnell. Structure coarse lamellar — the various layers differ somewhat in lustre ; contains an occasional interstratifled layer of mineral charcoal ; color black ; lustre along the plane of bedding dull, that of the cross fracture sub-resinous to resinous ; fractm-e un- even, that of some of the layers not imfrequently conchoidal ; the brighter portions do not Boil the fingers ; powdei- brownish-black ; it communicates a deep brownish-red color to a boiling solution of caustic potash ; by exposure to the air splits along the plane of bedding and falls to pieces. Specific gravity 1.3972 — Weight of one solid cubic foot 87 . 32 pounds. 12 M OEOLOaiCAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY-OK CANADA. I i ?5lH- AiialyHM uf. Analysos by hIovv ami fast coking gave: Slow coking. Fast coking. Hygroscopic water 1(5.82 10.82 Volatile combustible matter 29.54 31 .5)0 Fixed carbon 4«i.34 43.!»8 Ash 7.30 7.30 100.00 Coke, per cent 53.(14 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixeil carbon 1 : 1 .57 100.00 51.28 1 :1.38 An ultimate analysis gave: Exclusive of sulphur. ivsh, and h.vKrosco|iie water. Carbon 54.35 72.26 Hydrogen 3.34 4.44 Oxygen and Nitrogen 17.52 23.30 Sulphur 0.(57 — Ash 7.30 — Hygroscopic water 1(5.82 — 100.00 100.00 Calorific iiower of Lignite from the South Saskatchewan. Calorific power — determined by experiment : Indicatetl power of fuel in calories 5144 Indicated evaporative power 9.57 pounds of water (at 100° C.) per pound of fuel. It yields — both by slow and fast coking, a non-coherent coke* , the gases evolved during coking burnt with a yellowish, some what luminous, slightly smoky flame. The ash has a reddish- brown color — exposed to a bright red heat it becomes slightly agglutinated, at a most intense rod heat it forms a more or Ic^s vitritied mass. -From the South Saskatchewan, south side. From the same se;im as the preceding specimen, but taken at a point somewhat furtlior up the river, viz., ten and a quarter miles above Medicinr" Hut Collected by Mr. E. G. McConnell. Structure coarse lamellar — the successive layers differ some what in color and lustre, the former varying from black, with a brownish tinge, to pure black, and the latter from sub-resinous to shining resinous ; some of the layers exhibit a very marked • With rospeot to the preparation of a coherent coke from this fuel by admixture of the saino with a caking coal, 8ee page 8 m. SADA. HOFFMANN.] COALS AND LIGNITES OP THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 13 M ast coking 1().H2 31.00 43.98 7.30 100.00 51. 2« 1:1.38 vo of sulphur. id hyKroscopic water. . 72.26 . 4.44 . 23.30 100.00 .. ,5144 pounds )hereiit coke*, illowisrh, some- has a reddif^h- 1 icoires slightly ■I more or less ] 10 same scam newhat further Medicinr' Hat, B diifer some- )m black, with I im sub-resinous I very marked! mixture of the same I ligneous texture ; fracture uneven, occasionally somewhat con- choidal; does not soil the fingers; powder brownish-black; it communicates a deep brownish-red color to a boiling solution of caustic potash i by exposure to the air splits along the line of bedding and falls to pieces. Specific gravity 1.3722 — Weight of one solid cubic foot 85.76 pounds. Analyses by sIoav and fast coking gave : Slow coking'. Fast coking. Hy^rroscopic water 17 . 70 17 . 70 Volatile combustible matter 28 . 03 2f> .90 Fixed carbon 49.83 48.56 Ash 3.84 3.84 Aniilysoa of. 100.00 Coke, per cont 53.67 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1 : 1 . 74 100.00 52.40 1 :1.G2 It yields — both by slow and fast c<)king, a non-coherent coke ; the gases evolved during coking burnt with a yellowish, slightly luminous, almost smokeless flame. The ash has a dark reddish- brown color — exposed to a bright red heat it becomes agglutinated, at a most intense i*d heat it forms a slaggy masss. 4. — From the North Saslvatchewan, right bank, abont forty miles below Lignite from the confluence of the Brazeau River. Seam eighteen to twenty .Siwkatche wan. feet thick. Geological position — Laramie (Tertiary ?) or Creta- ceous. Collectetl by Mr. E. W. Ells, 1875. Photographed and described in 1873 by Dr. A. E, C. Selwyn — Eeport of Progress for 1873-74, p. 49. Structure, coarse lamellar ; made up of alternate layers of more or less dense, bright and dull coal, and numerous intorstratiflcd layers of mineral charcoal ; the surface of the denser layers parallel to the plane of deposition present a ligneous structure ; color black ; lustre along the surface of bedding dull, that of the cross fractui-e sub-resinous to resinous ; fracture uneven, that of the brighter layers somewhat conchoidal ; the brighter portions do not soil the fingers ; powder almost black ; it communicates a deep brownish-red color to a boiling solution of caustic potash ; by exposure to the air becomes fissured, preferably along the line of bedding, and falls to pieces. Specific gravity 1.4341 — Weight of one solid cubic foot 89.63 Bounds. 2 1 f . 1'^ 1 14 M MEOIiOOIOAL AND NATURAIi HISTORY SURVEY OP CANADA. Analyses of. Cftloriflc power of. AniilyHes by slow ami fast coking gave : Slow coking. Fastcokinir. Hygroscopic water 14 . 78 14 . 78 Volatile combustible matter 28.4'J 30.48 F'red carbon 50.69 48. 07 Afib 6.07 (i.07 100.00 Coke, iier cent 50-70 Ratio of \olatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1 : 1 . 78 100.(/0 54.74 1 :1.5!t Calorific power — determinetl by cx])eriment : Intlicateank, a sliort distancic below Saskatchewan. p^^.^ Edmonton. Seam six feet thick. Geological position- probably Laramie. Structure very ccmipact and homogeneous ; color brownish- black ; lustre dull, occasionally sub-i-esinous ; tough ; fractui-e largo conchoidal; does not soil the fingers; powder black, with :i brownish tinge ; it communicates a deep brownish-red color to u boiling solution of caustic potash ; by exposure to the air bccomo more or less fissured. Specific gravity 1.4256 — Weight of one solid cubic foot 8!). 10 pounds. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave : Slo.v coking. Fast cokin"; Hygroscopic water 12.89 12.89 Volatile combustible matter 32.19 33.79 Fixed carbon 52.17 50.57 Ash 2.75 2.75 Analyses of. 100.00 100.00 Coke, per cent 54 . 92 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to 53.32 fixed carbon 1:1.62^ 1:1.49 HOFFMANN.] COALS AND LIUNITKS OP THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 15 m foot 89.10 Calorific power — determined by experiment : Calorific power Indicated itower of fuel in calories 5207 Indicatetl evaporative power 9.09 jjounds of water (at l(tO° C.) ixjr iK)und of fuel. It yieldH — both by slow and fuKt coking, a non-coherent coke ; the ga«e8 evolved during coking burnt with ayellowiwh, somewhat luminous, slightly smoky flame. The ash has a dark brownish- yellow color — oxjiosed to a bright red heat it becomes agglutinated, at a most intense red heat it forms a slaggy mass. 6. — From Red Deer River, at the mouth of Arrowwood River. Scam Linnite from six feet thick. Geological iwsition — Laramie. Collected by AIi-. luvoi!*"'' R. G. McConnell. Structure very fine lamellar, the lines of bedding are however not unfroquently vei-y indistinct — tolerably compact ; color black; lustre sub-resinous to resinous; fracture uneven, occasionally verging on the conchoidal ; does not soil the fingers ; powder almost black ; it communicates a deep brownish-red color to a boiling solution of caustic potash ; by exposui-o to the air becomes somewhat fissured and in consequence has a tendency to fall to pieces. Specific gravity 1.402'7 — Weight of one solid cubic foot 8*7.67 pounds. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave : Analyses of. Slow coking. Fast coking. Hygroscopic water 13.08 13.08 VolatiU combustible matter 31.49 34.50 Fixed carbon 51.35 48-34 Ash 4 .08 4 .08 100.00 Coke, per cent 55 .43 Eatio of volatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1 : 1 .63 100.00 52.42 1:1.40 Calorific power — determined by experiment : Indicated power of fuel in calories 5347 Indicated evaporative jwwer 9 .95 pounds of water (at 100° C.) per pound of fuel. It yields — both by slow and fast coking, a non-coherent coke ; the gases evolved during coking burnt with a yellowish, slightly luminous, almost smokeless flame. The ash has a reddish-brown color — exposed to a bright red heat, it becomes very slightly agglutinated, at a most intense red heat, it forms a slaggy mass. Ciilorlflc power of. I ! I 1 1 16 m OEOLOfllOAI- AND NATtTRAL HI8T(»RY SURVEY OF CANADA. hi I I 1 1 > --4 Llmilto from Red Deer Hirer. Analyses uf. 7. — From tho TJod Deor Rivor, two miUs below tho mouth of Anow- wood Jlivor. Tho Honm, which here hiiH ii thicknoHs of (ivo foot, is tho wamo uh that from which tho precodinf^ sjtocimoii wm tukon— it iw probably an extonsion of tho seam at Hhickfoot Crossing, Bow River ('•pocimea No. 12 Geological position— Laraniio, Collectod by Mr. R. G. McConnoll. Struciuro very tine lamollai-, tho linos of bedding are, however, often almost obliterated — tolerably compact; color black; Instre Bub-resinouH to resinous; fracture uneven, occasionally approiicli- ing tho conchoidal ; does not soil the tingers ; powder alIll(l^t black ; it comraunicatos a dcoi) brownish-rod color to a boiling solution of caustic ])otaHh ; cracks somewhat by exposure to the air and as a result has a tendency to fall to pieces. Specific gravity 1.^929 — Weight of one solid cubic foot 87.0t> pounds. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave : Slow coking. Fast coking. Hygroscopic water 14.2(i 14.20 Volatile combustible mattor 30 . 92 34 . 22 Fixed carbon 51 .21 47.91 Ash 3.07 3.07 1(10.00 Coke, per cent 54.88 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1 : 1 .0(i 100. (JO 51.58 LJKnito from Red Deer River. 1:1.40 It yields — both by slow and fast coking, a non-coherent coke; tho gases evolved during coking burnt with a yellowish, somewhat luminous, slightly smoky flame. The ash has a bright red colui — exposed to a bright rod lieat, it becomes slightly agglutinated, at a most intense red heat it forms a slaggy mass. -Fi'om the Red Deer River, about seven miles above Hunter's Hill. Seam three and a half feet thick. Geological position — Cretaceous, below Pierre. Collected by Mr. R. G. McConnell. Structure somewhat fine lamellar ; contains an occasional inter- statified layer of mineral charcoal ; reticulated throughout with delicate laminro of gypsum, those perpendicular to the lamination dividing it into small blocks of irregular shape, consequent upon which the cross fracture, which is very uneven, presents a highly characteristic appearance ; lustre in the direction of the bedding dull, that of the cross fracture resinous ; apart from the layers of mineral charcoal, does not soil the fingers ; powder almost black ; it communicates a deep brownish-red color to a boiling solution of J MOFrMANN.] COALS ANU LIONITES OF THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 17 M foot 87. OG cauHtio potaHh ; aftor exposure to tho air it parts Homowliut readily into nmall fragmontH, tho lino oi'lractui'o being apparently iloter- rained by tho tilmn of gypsum. Specific gravity 1 . 4257 — Weight of one solid cubic foot 80.11 pounds. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave : Slow coking. Hy>,'ro8(;oi)ic water 13. (Ki.. Volatile pumi)ustlblo matter 20 .41 . . Fixed carbon. 48.r)l . . Ash i».()2.. Fast coking. .. i;j.(W .. 3:5.7.5 .. 44.17 .. ».()2 Analysoii of. 100.00 Coke, per cent .'37 .63 Ratio of \olatilo combustible matter to tixod carbon 1 : 1 .05 100.00 .53.19 1:1.30 Calorific power — determined by experiment : Indicated jmwer of fuel in calories 5028 Indicated evaiHirativc* jxiwer 9.36 pounds of water (at 100° (".) i)or jwund of fuel. It yields — both by slow and fast coking, a non-coherent coke ; tho gases evolved during coking burnt with a yellowish, somewhat luminous, slightly smoky flame. The ash has a bi-ownish-yoUow color, — exposed to a bright rod heat, it becomes slightly aggluti- nated, at a most intense rod heat, it forms a slaggy mass. Cnloriflo power of. utinatcd, iit 9. — From the Red Doer River, nine miles above Hunter's Hill. Seam Lignite from one and a half foot thick. Geological position — Cretaceous, below River. Pierre. Collected by Mr. R. G. McConnoll. Structure tine lamellar — tolerably compact ; color black; lustre of surface along tho plane of bedding dull, that of the cross frac- tare resinous ; fracture uneven, occasionally somewhat conchoidalj does uot soil the lingers ; in parts coated with a slight deposit of ferric hydrate ; powder black, faint brownish tinge ; it communi- cates a deep brownish-red color to a boiling solution of caustic potash ; by exposure to the air splits in the direction of the bed" ding and falls to pieces. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave : Analyses of. Slow coking. Fast coking. Hygroscopic water 13.03 13.63 Volatile combustible matter 31 . 31 34 . 01 Fixed carbon 41 .81 39.11 Ash 13 25 13.25 100.00 Coke, per cent 55-06 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1:1.33 1:1.15 f 18 M (IE<>I,0(»ICAL AND NATimAL lUSTOUY HIIKVEY OK CANADA. # It yields — both by h low ami fiiHt ooking, a non-cohoront coko; the j^aHOH ovolvoT. Seam tifteon inchoH tliick. North-north-oaMt oxtouHion of the "Coal Banks" Hoani (Hpocimon No. 2G). Goologiral position — Cretacoous, ba^o of Pierre. Collected by Mr. R. G. MuConiioll. Structure tine lamellar, — tolerably compact ; color black ; liistro along the piano of bedding dull, that of the crosB fracturo, resinous ; fracture irregular; Intersected throughout by numerous thin plates of gyjisum ; here and there coated with aslight deposit of ferric hydrate ; does not soil the fingers ; po\v2 Volatile conibustiblo matter 32 . 08 3o . ! 10 Fixed carbon 4(i.72 42.81 Ash 8.58 8.58 100.00 100.00 Coke, percent 55.30 51.39 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1:1.40 1:1.10 It yields — both by slow ajid fast coking, a non-coherent coke ^ the gases evolved during coking burnt with a yellow, luminous, somewhat smoky flame. The ash has a pale dirty reddish-brown color, — exposed to a bright red heat it becomes slightly aggluti- nated, at a most intense red heat it forms a slaggy mass. Litrnito f rom 11. — From Grassy Island, Bow River. Main seam; seam four and a (Grassy Island). half feet thick. North-north-east extension of "Coal Banks" seam, (specimen No. 26). Geological position — Cretaceous, base of Pierre. Collected by Dr. G. M. Dawson. Structure fine lamellar, tolerably compact ; fracture uneven ; lustre of surface parallel to the bedding dull, that across the bed- HorfMANN.] 0OAL8 AND MONITBH OF TUB NORTIF-WfHT TRRRITORT. IOM (lin>? rtiil>r»'HinouH ; color Itlack ; contaiiirt lioro and thero an intor- |»OHt!(l patch of riiinorul charcoal, ami in in partH coatod with a Blight film of tcrric hydrate; apart from Iho patchoH of ininural charcoal, doen not Hoil tho tinkers; powdor black, uli^ht hrowninh tin^o; it communicatuH a (loop hrowninh-rod color to a l>oilin^ Holution of caustic potarth ; hy oxposuro to tho air Hplitw in tho direction of the hoddinji; and falln to piccon, Sj»ocitic gravity 1 .4l(i2 — Weight of ono Holid ('ubic foot 88. Bl poundw. Analyne« by hIow ami faHt coking gave : yiow ookin^'. Fnat coking. Ilynromopir \vat((r 11. IH) 11. »K) Volatile comlHiMtiblo matter 31 .20 35.02 Vixod (larbon M\.U7 47.15 AhIi 5.93 5.!»3 Annlytca of. 100.00 Coko, per cent 50 iK) Ratio of volatile combustible matter to tixcHl carlton 1 : 1 . (i3 100.00 53.08 1:1.34 Caloi'itic power — determined by experiment : Indicated iwwer of fuel in calories 5473 Indicated evaporative jwwor 10.19 pounds of water (at 100° C. ) jier pound of fuel. It yields — both by slow and fast coking, a non-coherent coke ; tho gases evolved during coking burnt with a yellow, luminous, somewhat smoky flame. Tho ash has a bright red color, — exposed to a bright red heat it becomes slightly agglutinated, at a most intense red heat it forms a more or less vitrified mass. Cnloriflo power of. 12. — From Blackfoot Crossing, Bow River ; in coulde six and a half Ljgnito from miles east of old Blackfoot Agency buildings. The deposit con- [3"^^'^^^^'^®'' sists of two seams, the upper averaging one foot eight inches in *^'""''''"«-^ thickness, the lower three feet : they are separated by a foot of carbonaceous shale. This specimen was taken from the lower or three feet nnam. Geological position — Laramie. Collected by Dr. G. M. Davt.on. Structure fine lamellar, tc'erably compact; color black; lustre in tho direction of the bedding dull, that of the cross fracture resinous ; contains here and there an interposed patch of mineral charcoal ; fracture uneven, occasionally somewhat conchoidal ; in parts coated with a slight deposit of ferric hydrate ; powder black, faint brownish tinge ; it communicates a deep brownish-red color ill 20 M GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTOttY SURVEY OP CANADA. Analyses of. to a boiling solution of caustic potash ; by exposure to the air splits along the line of bedding and fulls to pieces. Specific gravity 1.3970 — Weight of one solid cubic foot 87. .31 pounds. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave : Slow coking. Fast coking. Hygroscopic water 11.01 11.01 Volatile combustible matter 30.04... . 33.L'.5 Fixed carbon 54.78 51.57 Ash 3.27 3.27 Calorific power of. 100.00 100.00 Coke, per cent 58.05 64.84 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1:1.82 1:1.55 Calorific power — determined by experiment : Indicated ^wwor of fuel in calories 5531 Indicated evaporative power lo .29 pounds of water (at 100° C.) jjer pound of fuel. It yields — both by .slow and fast coking, a non-coherent coke ; the gases evolved during coking burnt with a yellow, luminous, slightly smoky flame. The ash has a j'cllowish-brown color, — exposed to a bright i-ed heat it becomes agglutinated, at a most intense red heat it forms a slnggy mass. ' Conchoidal." 13. — " Conclioidal'' lignite found in some parts of the seam from which the preceding specimen was taken. Collected by Di-. G. M. Dawson. Structure compact; homogenous, like jet — some fragments exhibited, although but faintly, a delicate ligneous texture ; color velvet-black ; lustre resinous ; brittle ; fracture conchoidal ; feel smooth, does not soil the fingers ; powder black, faint brownish tinge; it communicates a deep brownish-red color to a boiling solution of caustic potash. Specific gi-avity 1.3850. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave : Slow coking. Fast coking. Hygroscopic water 12.31 12.31 Volatile combustible matter 20 . 82 32 . 83 Fixed carbon 55 . 75 52 . 74 Ash 2.12 2.12 lignite Analyses of. 100.00 Coke, per cent 57.87 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1 : 1 .87 100.00 54.80 1:1.60 LrFMANN.] COALS AND LIGNITES OF THE NORTH-WEST TEHRITORY. 21 M It yioklH — both by slow and fast coking, a non-coherent coke. The asli has a dark brownish-yellow color. This " conchoidal" lignite would a])pear to con.sist of fragments of the more solid portions — root, trunk, oi- branch — of some of the vegetable matter from which the bed of lignite has been derived. |l4. — From the south side of Bow Eiver, about four miles below Black- liiKnito from ^ . i-ii'i •^. T • /->4.i 1 1 -r^ r, the IJow River foot Ci'ossmg. Geological position — Laramie. Collected by Prof (Biacktoot _ ,, Crossing). J. Macoun. Structure somewhat coarse lamellar; contains an occasional layer of mineral charcoal ; color black ; lustre of freshly fractured surface, bright; some of the layers of lignite are reticulated throughout with tilms of gypsum, such, on pressure, crumble readily into small fragments ; powder black, with a brownish tinge; it communicates a deep brownish-red color to a boiling solution of caustic potash ; by exposure to the air has a tendency to split along the line of bedding. This specimen was slightly soiled with clay, which had also permeated some of the fissares. * Analyses by slow and fast coking gave : Slow coking. Fast coking. Aimlyses of. Hygroscopic water 10 . 72 . ^'olatilo combustiblb matter 29 . 26 . Fixed carbon 46.09 . Ash 13.!«. 10.72 32.03 42.72 13.93 100.00 100.00 Coke, per cent 60.02 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1 : 1 .57 66.65 1 :1.31 It yields — both bj- slow and fast coking, a non-coherent coke. The ash has a reddish-white color, — exposed to a bright red heat it becomes very slightly agglutinated. 1 15. — From Crowfoot Creek, four miles fi-om its entry into Bow Eiver. Lignite froin Seam six feet thick. Geological position — Laramie. Collected by (Crowfoot Prof J. Macoun. Structure line lamellar; reticulated throughout with delicate lamina? of gypsum ; fractui'e uneven : color black ; lustre bright; powder black, with a brownish tinge ; it communicates a deep brownish-red color to a boiling solution of caustic potasli ; by simple exposure to the air does not readily fall to pieces — when pressed between the fingers it jiarts into small fragments, the line of ft-acture being determined, appai'cntly, by the films of gypsum. 22 m OEOLOQICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OP CANADA. Analyses of. Analyses by slow and fatA coiling gave : Slow coking. Fast cok' Hygroscopic water 1 1 . 2o . . . Volatile combustiblo matter 31 .98 . . Fixed carbon 50 . .^.5 . . . Ash 5.92.. 100.(10 Coke, per cent 56 . 77 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1:1 .59 100. (10 53.111 1 : i.;« It yields — both by slow and fast coking, a non-C()horont coke The ash has a brownish-yoUow color — exposed to a bright rod heal it becomes slightly agglutinated. Ibfilow^Rivor 16.— From Horse-shoe Bend, Bow River (Horse-shoe thiok Analyses of. Seam four and a-half feel This specimen was taken from the n])pcr part of the soaiaj Geological jiosition — Cretaceous, top of Pierre. Collected by Drj G. M. Dawson. Structure fine lamellar — tolerably compact; color black; lustn in the direction of the bedding dxdl, that of the cross fractui'oJ resinous; fracture uneven, occasionally somewhat conchoidal does not soil the fingers ; jiowder black, with a brownish tinge j it communicates a deep brownish-reil color to a boiling solution oi caustic ])otash; by exjiosure to the air it becomes incrustcd with a white etHorescence, resulting from the oxidation of the irou-j pyrites, which is disseminated through this lignite in a very tiiiel} divided state — splits in the dii-ection of the bedding and falls lol pieces. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave ; Slow coking. Fast coking. Hygroscopic water 11.13 11 . 13 Volatile combustiblo matter 36 .52 38 . 75 Fixed carbon 43.16 40.93 Ash 9.19 9.19 100.00 100.00 Coke, per cent 52 . 35 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1:1.18 50.12 1 ;1.06 It yields — both by slow and fast coking, a non-coherent coke. The ash has a dark brownish-red color, — exposed to a bright i-edj heat it becomes slightly agglutinated, at a most intense red liBatj it forms a slaggy mass. IwMANN.] COALS AND LIGNITES OP THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 23 M |7 _Fi-om tho Smoky Eiver, five miles below the mouth of Little Lignito from Smoky Eiver. Seam two and a-half inches thick. Geological """ ^ position — Cretaceous, Dunvegan Group. C(jllected by Dr. Gt. M. Dawson, and referred h by him in the Report of Progress for 1879-80, p. 118 B. Structure coarse lamellar ; made up of alternating layers of a dull and bright lignite and mineral charcoal, of which tatter it contains a good deal; small fi'agments of a pale yellowish, sub-transparent resin also occur, diffused through certain poi-tions of its substance; color black ; powder black, with a brownish tinge ; it communicates a deep brownish-red color to a boiling solution of caustic potash. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave : Analyses of. Slow coking. Fast coking. Hygroscopic water 11 -52 11 .52 Volatile combustible matter 31 . 26 34 . 83 Fixedcarbon 53.04 49.47 Ash 4.18 4.18 100.00 100.00 Coke.percent 57.22 53.05 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixedcarbon 1:1,69 1:1.42 It yields — by slow coking, a non-coherent coke — by fast coking a slightly fritted coke, the fritting most probably being due to the presence of the resin. The ash has a pale reddish-brown color, — exposed to a bright I'ed heat it becomes slightly agglutinated. i — From the Athabasca River, about fifty-live miles above the site of Li^nitefrom old Fort Assineboino. Upper seam ; seam ten feet thick. Geo- ^•^g^'^'*^''* logical position — Laramie. Collected by Dr. G. M. Dawson, and referred to by him in the Report of Progress for 1879-80,p. 126 B. Structni-e coarse lamellar ; it consists of '.iright and somewhat dull layers of lignite, and an occasional layer of mineral charcoal interstratified ; color black ; lustre of some of the layers, sub- resinous, that of others shining I'esinous; fracture uneven; some of the layers of lignite are reticulated throughout with delicate laminae of gypsum; powder black, with a brownish tinge; it communicates a deep brownish-red color to a boiling solution of caustic potash ; by exposure to the air splits along the line of bedding. Specific gravity 1.4423 — Weight of one solid cubic foot 90.14 pounds. 24 M GEOLOGICAL AND NATIIBAL HLSTOHY SURVEY OP CANADA. Analyses of. Analy.scs by slow and fast coking gave : Slow coking. Fast cokiui;. Hygroscopic wator 11.47 11.4' Volatile coinbnstihle matter 28.1M) 32. dj Fixed carbon 50.!ti? 47.7 Ash 8.f)5 ,S.(')5 100.00 Coke, per cent 59.57 Ratio of volatile conibnstihlo matter to lixod carbon 1 : 1 . 70 100.00 50.44 Calorific power of. Lignite from Artliabasea Kivcr- Analyses of. 1 :1.4i) Calorific power — determined by experiment : Indicated iwwer of fuel in calorics 5424 Indicated evaporative jxiwer 10. 10 pounds of water (at 100 ° C.) per pound of fuel. It yields — both by slow and fast coking, a non-coherent col'".'" I the Lower Forks. Seam six inches thick. Geological position — Coal Brook.' Cretaceous, Dunvegan Grouj). Collected by Dr. OJ. M. Dawson, and referred to by him in the Report of Progress for 1879-80, p. 117 B. Structure very fine lamellar ; the lines of bedding, which are very- numerous and close together, are almost obliterated — compact; jl| I 26 M OEOLOQICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OP CANADA. Analyses of. color black ; lusti-e sub-rosrilliant ; fracture uneven, at times somewhat conchoidal; ajiart from the i)atches of mineral charcoal, docs not soil the fingei'8 ; powder almost black ; it communicates a brownish-red color to a boiling solution of caustic potash ; by exposure to the air becomes slightly fissured, but is on the whole a tolerably firm coal ; in ap]iearance it resembles some varieties of coal of the Carboniferous system. Specific gravity 1.3976 — Weight of one solid cubic foot 87.35 pounds. I HOFFMANN.] COALS AND LIGNITES OP THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 27 M Analyses bj- slow niid fast coking gave: Analyses of. Slow L'oking. Fjuit coking. Hytrroscopic water tt.l.H 9.18 Volatile combustible matter 30 . 0(1 34 . 97 Fixed carbon 68.31 49.00 A.sli (j.85 (i.So 100.00 100.00 Coke, jier cent 60.16 55.85 Ratio of volatile combuMtiblo matter to tixed carbon 1:1.74 1:1.40 An ultinuUe analysis gave : E.xcliisivc of sulphur. a.=h, mid hydroscopic water. 74.99 Carbon 02.39 Hydrogen 3.99 4.79 Oxygen and Nitrogen Mi .82 20 . 22 Sulpbur 0.77 — Asb 6.85 — Hygroscopic water 9.18 — 100.00 100.00 Calorific power of. The total percentage of snlphur in this coal amoniited to 0.816 of this 0.04:(3 was present in the form of gypsum — representing 0.247 of that mineral. Caloi'itic power — determined by ex])erinient : Indiy fast cokinir, a slightly fritted coke; tlie gases evolved during coking buiiit witli a yellow, luminous, smoky tlamo. The ash has a reddish- grey color, — exposed to a bright red heat it does not become agglutinated, at a most intense red heat it becomes slightly Iritted. .iKiiiiieco.'ii 24. — From the Ilighwood Eivcr, North Fork. This specimen is from rum tlit^ lIiKh- ' ' .1 tlie same seam as the one last under consideration, it was, how- ever, taken at a point about one hundred yards distant from where that was procured. The description given of the preceding specimen applies also to this one. Thesiiecitic gravity was not determined. Analyses by slow anil fast coking gave : Slow coking. Fast cokinj:. Hygroscopic water 4.23 4.23 Volatile conibustiblo matter 20 .13 31 .00 Fixed carbon 47.97 43.04 Ash 21.07 21.07 r wood Hiver. Analyses of. 100.00 Coke, per cent 09 .04 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1 : 1.83 100.00 04.71 1 :1.38 ' : WFFMANN.] CDALS AND LIGNITES OF THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 29 M c foot 88.r)2 Calorific power — dotormined by oxporimont : Cnioriflo liower of. Indicatwl iM)Wor of fuol in calories r)507 Indiuatod ovaporativo power 10.25 pounds of water (at 1U0° C.) i>ot iround of fuel. It yielfls — by slow coking, a non-coherent coke — by fast coking, a slightly fi'ittod coke, which crumbles oa.sily i)etwccn the fingers; the gases evolved during coking burnt with a yellow, luminous, rather smoky Hame. The ash has a light bluish-gi-oy color, — exposed to a bright red heat it does not become agglutinated, at a mosl intense red boat it becomes slightly fritted. 25, — Prom the 'overnment Indian Farm, south of Pincher Creek, LiRnitio coal about one mile from the farm buildings, up the valley of the small Crook, stream on which they are situated. Seam two feet thick whore examined, but reported as considerably thicker where worked into. Geological position — base of Laramie. Collected by Dr. G. M. Daws(jn. Structure foliated, highly contorted ; shows slickensides ; color black ; lustre resinous ; firm ; fracture uneven ; jjowder black, faint brownish tinge; it communicates a brownish-red color to a boiling solution of caustic ]iotash ; slightly soils the fingers ; resists exposure to the air ; in appearance it much resembles some varie- ties of coal of the Carboniferous system. Specific gravity 1.3999 — Weight of one solid cubic foot 87.49 pounds. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave : Analyses of. Slow cokiujr. Fast coking. Hj'groscopic watej- 5 . 38 5 . 38 Volatile combustiblo matter L7.1i) 3o.li» Fixed carhon 58.34 52.34 Ash 9.09 9.09 100.00 Coke, ijer cent. 07 .43 Ratio of volatile combu.stihle matter to fixed carbon 1 : 2 . 14 100. 00 01.43 1:1.58 Calorific power — determined by experiment : Indicated power of fuel in calories 0241 Indicated evaporative power 11 .62 jiounds of water (at 100" C.) jjer pound of fuel. It yields — by slow coking, a non-coherent coke — by fast coking, a slightly fritted coke, which crumbles easily between the fingers; the gases evokved during coking burnt with a yellow, luminous, 3 Cnloriflc power of. Lignitip ccml "riiiil liiiiik.-," Uclly Uivor. 30 M OEOLOaiCAI. AND NATURAL HISTORY SfRVEY OP CANADA. rather Binoky fliimo. Tho awh lias a palo rotldinh-brown coloi,-- oxjtosotl. to a briglit red heat It does not l)e('Oino a/,fglutinatod, al a nioHt iiitoiiKc red heat it becomes slightly fritted. 2fi. — Krom the Helly River, main seam at "Coal Banks" (which is iil the crossing of the Helly River by tho trail to Henton). Seam averages about five and a-half feet thick. Goologicnl pusition— Cretaceous, base of Pierre. Collected by Dr. G. M. ])aws()n. Structure very tine lamellar, the lines of bedding, which are very numerous and close together, are almost obliterated — compact ; ii contains interstratitied, more or less disconnected, lenticular laycis of dense, pitch-black, highly lustrous coal, and an occasional patih of mineral charcoal; it is hero and there intersected by thin plates of calcite as also by an occasion/' film of pyrite; it also contains in })arts a little reddish-brown, translucent re.>jin ; color black; lustre resinous ; fracture uneven, occasionally more or le.ss conchoidal ; hard and firm ; aj)art from the patches of mineral charcoal, does not soil tho fingers ; powder black, with a faint brownish tinge ; it communicates a brownish-retl color to a boiliii;; solution of caustic potash ; resists exposure to tho air ; in appear- ance it closely resembles some varieties of coal of the CarboniferoiiH system. Specific gravity 1 . SSST — Weight of one solid cubic foot 84.92 })ou nds. Anaiyses'of. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave ; Slow coking. Fast coking. Hygroscopic water G .50 Volatile combustible matter 31 .Tilt Fixed carbon 54.30 Ash 7.55 100.00 Coke, per cent (il . 91 Eatio of volatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1 : 1 . 72 100.00 55.40 1 :1.20 An ultimate analysis gave : Exclusive of sulphur, ash. and hygroscopic water. Carbon ()5 .30 70 .00 Hydrogen 4.30 5.04 Oxygen and Nitrogen 15.05 18.30 Sulphur 0.70 — Ash. 7.55. Hygroscopic -vater .50. 100.00 100.00 A (ADA. )wn (. MOFfMANN.] COALS AND LIGNITES OP THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 31 M ul( itiiiutt'il, :it a (which in at iton). Seam 111 position— )aws(iM. lich are very -compael ; it ticuhir liiyers asional iiutrh •ted hy thill ^'Hte; it also , resin ; eolor r more or less 68 of mineral with a taint or toaboilinu' ii- ; in appear- Carboniferou!* | •if foot H4.'.I2 <'ast eokin^r. ().5U 38.04 47.91 ■.55 100.00 5-5 . 40 1:1.20 !of sulphur, ash, sroscopic water. 7(i.00 O.04 I8.;!0 100.00 Ciilorifio power of. Calorific power — determined hy experiment: • Indicated power of fuel in cnlorieN fil83 Indicated evajxirative iwwer 11 .51 pounds of water (at 100°('.) per jkuumI of fuel. It yields — hy slow cokinj;, a non-coherent coke — by last coicinf,', a slightly fritted coke, which crumbles easily between the fingers ;* the gases evolved during coking burnt with a yellow, luminous, smoky flame. The ash has a brownish-yellow color, — exposed to a bright red heat it does not become agglutinated, at a most intense red heat it liirms a vitrified mass. '11. — From the St. Mary River, seven miles alx)Ve its junction with the LiimiUc cnui Belly Kiver. .Southern exposure, on St. Mary River, of " Coal Kiver. Banks" main seam (specimen No. 2(5). Geological position — Cretaceous, base of Pierre. Collected by Dr. G. M. Dawson. Structure somewhat coarse lamellar; made up of alternating layers of a greyish-black, dull, anil bright black coal, with an occasional interstratitied layer of mineral charcoal; it is here and there intersected by thin plates of calcito and also by films of pyi'ite ; fracture uneven, — it occasionally breaks into more or less rhombic fragments ; apart from the layei-s of mineral charcoal, does not soil the fingei-s ; in parts coated with a slight deposit of ferric hydrate; powder black, with a fiiint brownish tinge; it communicates a bi-ownish-red color to a boiling solution of caustic potash ; by exposure to the air becomes slightly fissured, but is on the whole a pretty compact and tolerably firm coal. Specific gravity 1.361)0 — Weight of one solid cubic foot 85.56 pounds. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave ; Analyse? of. Slow coking. Fast coking. Hygroscopic water 7.02 7.02 Volatile combustible matter 20.41 30.47 Fixed carbon 57.28 50.22 Ash 0.20 0.29 1(10.00 Coke, per cent 03 .57 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1 : 1 .1)5 100.00 50.51 1:1.38 k Calorific power — determined by experiment : Indicated power of fuel in calories 0205 Indicated evaporative power 11 . 72 jwuuds of water (at 100 ° C.) per pound of fuel. * With respect to tho preparation of a coherent coke from this fuel by admixture of the Uh; exposed to u bright rod lioiit it bocomoH very Hligbtly agglutinated at a most intense red heat it iteeomoH fritted. 111. Anai-yheh of C'oai.s. Conlfromthc 28. — From Coal Creek. Bow Hiver, 'belvveen .Morley and Calgary Dow Rivvr r. < 1 t ic i' . A\ ■ I ' /t I •!'•,• 1 (Coul Crui'k). Seam lour and a-liall toet tliiek. (.roologiful position — ba-c oi Laraniio. Colleclod by Mr. 11. (1. McConni'll. Sti'uc'ture coarse lamellar; contains occasional iutcrjioscd layor> of mineral charcoal ; it is intiTsoctod by numerous very thin ])lati'.s of calcite, which are ])ei'pendicular to the lamination of the coul; color black ; lustre along the line of bedding, dull, Unit of tlic cross fracture resinous; fracture uneven, at times .somewhat c((ii- choidal; apart from the layers of mineral charcoal, does not soil the fingers; powder lilack, faint brownish tinge; it communicates a pale brownish-yellow color to a lM)iling .solution of caustic potasli , here and there coated with a slight lilni of ferric hydrate; doesiint readily become fissured when exposed to tlu' air; a tolerably tiriii coal. Specific gravity 1.4002 — Weight of one solid cubic foot 87.51 ])ounils. Anniyecsof. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave : Slow cokinjr. Fast cokins.'. liy^'ruscojiic water 4.93 4.!i3 Volatile eouibustihle matter 27.21.'. 33.55 Fixed carbon 52.54 46.21 Ash 15.31. 100. 00 Coke, i)er cent ti7.85 Katio of volatile combustible matter to tixeil carbon 1:1 .!I3 . 15. :u UH).oo U1.52 1:1.3S An ultimate analysis gave: Exclusive of sulpliur, ash, iimt hydroscopic wiitcr. Carbon G2 .59 78.91 Hydrogen 4.13 5.21 Oxygen and t.itrogen 12. GO 15.88 Sulphur 0.44 — Ash 15.31 — Hj'groscopic water 4.93 — 100.00 100.00 c foot 87..")! HornnANN.] COALS AND MONITBH OK THE NOHTH-WEHT TEKHrTORV Caloritic |towi>r — (letorminod l»y cxpcriniont : Inilirat.i i> 1 \f i • ,.( .• r , ,1 • I rt 1 • Old Man Rivor, 10 base oi tiu! Itocky Mountams. t!)eam five leeltluck. ueologi- North Kurk. . cal position — Cretaeoous, lower than I'ierre shales. Culleeted by Mr. R. a. McConnell. .Strueture eomjiact — lines of bedding somewhat indistinct; it contains a tow thin layers of interstratitied liright black coal; shows traces of slickensides ; hard andtirin; fracture uneven, that of tho bright layers conchoidal ; lustre sub-rosinous to resinous; does not soil the Hngers; in parts coated with a slight deposit of ferric liydrate ; ])Owdcr almost black ; it communicates a brownish- yellow color tft a boiling solution of caustic potash ; resists expo- sui'e to the aii-. Specific gravity l.,520!) — Weight of one solid cubic foot 95.62 pounds. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave : Analyse? of. Slow cokiniJ!. Fast cokinj;. H yurnsi'opic water 1 . 75 1 . 75 Volatile comhustH lie matter l(i.S5 19.99 Fixetl carbon (Jl .ri4 .'18. 40 Ash 19. 8() 19.88 100.00 Coke, per cent 81 40 Ratio of volatile coinliustible matter to fixed carbon 1 : 3.65 100. on 78.26 1:2.92 An ultimate analysis gave : Exolnsivo of sulphur, ash, und hygroscopic wntor. Carbon 65.71 84.21 HydroiL'en 3 56 4 .56 Oxjgen and nitrogen 8 . 76 11 . 23 Sulphur 0.36 — Ash 19.86 — Hygroscopic water 1-75 — 100.00 100.00 34 m GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CANADA. Caloriflo iniwer of. Calorific power— determined by experiment : Indicated power of fuel in calories G082 Indicjitfid evajiorative iwwor 11 .32 pounds of water (at 100 ° C.) {wr ixjund of fuel- It yields — by slow coking?, a non-coherent coke — by fastcokintj a coherent but tender coke, the form of the original particles of coal fi'om which it has been derived may be easily recognized ; the gases evolved during coking burnt with a yellow, luminous, rather smoky flame. The ash has a reddish-white color, — exposed to a bj'ight red heat or even a most intense red heat it does not become agglutinated. Colli from the Ort Fi-nm tho Old M..n River, ^W-— ^ * O™ ^IC Middle Fork. Analyses of. Old Man River, Middle Fork. Upper scam. Seam three feet thick. Geological position — probably Laramie. Col- lected by Dr. G. M. DaAvson. Structure very fine lamellar — the successive layers ditfering somewhat in lustre — compact; color black, but not pure black, lustre sub-resinous to resinous; fracture uneven; here and there intersected by a thin plate of calcite ; does not soil the fingers ; in pai'ts coated with a slight deposit of ferric hydrate ; hard and firm ; powder black, slight brownigh tinge ; it communicates a pale l)rowni.sh-yellow color to a boiling solution of caustic potash , resists exposui-e to the air. Siiecific gravity 1.431(5- -Weight of one solid cubic foot 89.47 pounds. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave : Slow coking. Fast coking Hygroscopic water 3.27 327 Volatile combustible matter..... 26.41 32.53 Fixed carbon 50.50 44.38 Ash 19.82 19.82 100.00 Coke, i^er cent 70.32 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1 : 1 .91 100.00 64.20 1:1.3(1 An ultimate analysis gave : Exclusive of su^ihur, .isli, and hygroscopic water. 78.37 Carbon 59.84 Hydrogen 4.17 5.4(i Oxygen and nitrogen 12.35 16.17 Sulphur 0.55 — Ash 19.82 — Hygroscopic water 3.27 — 100.00 100.00 i foot 89.47 hoikmann] coals and LKSNITES OP THE NORTH-AVEST TERRITORY. 35 M Calorific power — determined by experiment : Cai.>rific . „ , , , . -r^nn pOWeT Of. Indicated iwwer of fnol m calories 59.S0 Indicated evaporative jwwor 11 . 13 i>ound,s of water (at 100 ° C.) per pound of fuel. It yields — by slow cokinuj, a non-coherent coke — by fast cokinj?, a firm coke, a few particles retaining the form of those of the . original coal were discernable in it; the gases evolved during coking burnt with a yellow, luminous, very smoky flame. The ash has a light bluisii-grey color — exposed to a bright red heat it becomes but very slightly agglutinated, at a most intense red heat it becomes slightly fritted. 51. — Frf)m the Old Man Eiver, Middle Fork. Lower seam. Seam Roai from the about three feet thick. Geological position — probably Laramie. MWJ'e Fork. Collected by Dr. d. M. Dawson. Structure compact ; shows traces of slickensides ; hard and firm ; color black ; lustre sub-resinous to resinous ; fracture uneven, occasionally somewhat conchoidal ; intersected by numerous thin plates of calcite; does not soil the fingers; jjowder brownish- black ; it communicates only a just perceptible brownish-yellow tinge to a boiling solution of caustic potash ; resists exposure to the air; in appearance it resc bles some varieties of coal of the Carboniferous system. Specific gi-avity 1.3111 — Weight of one solid cubic foot 81.94 pounds. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave : AnuLvsos of. Slow coking. Fast coking. Hygroscopic water 2.30 2.36 Volatile combustible matter 32.07 40.66 Fixed carbon 56.37 47-78 Ash 9.20 9.20 100.00 100.00 56.98 1:1.18 Coke, per cent 65 .57 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixed carbon 1 : 1.76 An ultimate analysis gave : Exclusive of sulphur, ash, and hygroscopic water. Carbon 71.11 81.01 Hydrogen 5.04 5.74 Oxygen and Nitrogen 11 .63 13 . 25 Sulphur 0.66 — Ash 9.20 — Hygroscopic water 2 . 36 — 100.00 100.00 3Gm GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CANADA. Calorific power of. Coal from the Upper Belly River. Calorific power — determined by experiment : Indicated power of fuel in calorie.s 7020 Indicated evaporative iX)Wor 13.06 poumls of water (at 100° C.) per pound of fuel. It yields — by slow coking, a non-coherent coke — by fast coking, a firm compact coke, in concentric layers, in which the form of the particles of coal from which it has been derived is entirely obliterated ; the gases evolved during coking burnt with a yellow, luminous, smoky flame. The ash has a pale dirty reddish-brown color, — exposed to a bright red heat it becomes slightly aggluti- nated, at a most intense red heat it forms a slaggy mass. 32. — From the Upper Belly Eiver, twenty-five and a-half miles above the mouth oi Kootanie (Waterton) River. Seam one foot thick. Geological position — probably near marine base of Laramie. Col- lected by Mr. R. Gr. McConnell. Structure fine lamellar, the lines of bedding are very close to- gether and occasionally somewhat indistinct — it is interstratitied with very thin layers of bright black coal, and contains here and there a patch of mineral charcoal ; hard and firm ; it is intersected by numerous thin plates of calcite, as also, here and there, by a few films of pyrite ; color, greyish-black, almost black ; lustre resinous ; fracture uneven ; shows tolerably well defined planes of cleat ; apart from the patches of mineral charcoal, does not soil the fingers ; powder brownish-black ; it communicates a pale brownish-yellow color to a boiling solution of caustic potash ; resists exposure to the air ; in appearance it much resembles some varieties of coal of the Carboniferous system. Specific gravity 1.3802— Weight of one solid cubic foot 86.2fi. pounds. Analyses of. Analyses by slow and fast coking gave : Slow coking. Hygroscopic water 3.01... Fast coking. ,. 3.91 Volatile combustible matter 30 .93 38 .01 Fixed carbon 53.83 4G.75 Ash 11.33 11.33 100.00 100.00 Coke, percent .« 05.16 58.08 Ratio of volatile combustible matter to fixedcarbon 1:1.74 1:1.23 DA. '020 nds ast coking, he form of is entirely h a yellow, dish-brown ly aggluti- 8. niles above foot thi(!k. amie. Col- ry close to- terstratilied IS here and 1 intersected here, by a ack ; lustre id planes of )e8 not soil ites a pale ic potash ; mbles some foot 86.2fi. coking. .91 .01 13.75 .33 0.00 8.08 1.2a OFFMANN.] COALS AND LIGNITES OP THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY An ultimate analysis gave : 3Ym Carbon 6(3.10- Hj'drogen 4 .43 . Oxygen and nitrogen 11 .90 . Sulphur 2.18. Ash 11.33. Hygroscopic water 3.91. Exclu.iivo of .sulphur, oA, and hyKroiico|iic water. 80.1.5 5.37 14.48 100.00 100.00 Calorific power of. Calorific power- — determined by experiment : Indicated power of fuel in calories 6(304 Indicated evaporative power 12.29 jMunds of water (at 100° V.) jxir pound of fuel. It yields — by slow coking, a non-coherent coke — by fast coking, a firiii compact coke, in concentric layers, in which the form of the particles of coal from which it has been derived is entirely obliterated ; the gases evolved during coking burnt with a yellow, luminous, smoky flame. The ash has a greyish-brown color, — exposed to a bright red heat it becomes slightly agglutinated, at a most intense red heat it forms a slaggy mass. 33. — From the Wellington mine, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. c™ii Cf."™ the '^ ' ' Wellington This mine is situated five and a-half miles north-west of Nanairao '"i"e. Va'icou- vcr Island. and three miles west of Departure Bay. The seam, which is known as the Newcastle seam, has, in this mine a thickness of from six to ten feet. Geological position — Cretaceous. Structure very fine lamellar, the lines of bedding, which are very numerous and close together, are almost obliterated — com- pact; color black; lustre resinous; hard and firm; fracture rmeven; it is intersected in many places by thin films of calcite and contains, interstratified with it, an occasional thin calcareous layer consisting of what, at a first glance, appears to be the crushed fragments of somewhat minute shells — a close examina^ tion however led to the conclusion that the same was most pro- bably not of organic origin. Powdoi- brownish-black ; it com- muni'^ates only a just perceptible brownish-yellow tinge to a boil- ing solution of caustic potash ; resists the action of the air. In appearance it resembles some varieties of coal of the Carboniferous system. Specific gravity 1.3222— Weight of one solid cubic foot 82.64 pounds. The material employed for analysis was regarded as a fair average of a large quantity of the coal. 38 m GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OP CANADA. Analyses of Analyses bj- slow and fast coking gave : Slow coking. Fast coking. Hygroscopic water 2 75 2 . 75 Volatile combustible matter 30 . 95 38 . 03 Fixed carbon 59.72 52.64 Ash 6.58 6,58 100.00 100.00 59.22 1:1.38 Coke, per cent 06.30 Ratio of volatile comliustible matter to fixed carbon 1 : 1 .93 An ultimate analysi.s gave : Exclusive of sulphur, nsli, nnd hygroscopic water. Carbon 72.65 80-45 Hydrogen 4.89 5.41 Oxygen and nitrogen 12 . 77 14 . 14 Sulphur 0.36 — Ash 6.58 — Hygroscopic water 2.75 — 100.00 100.00 Calorific power of. Caloritio power — tletei'niined by experiment: Indicated power of fuel in calories 7204 Indicated evaptirative power 13 .41 pounds of water (at 100 ° C.) per pound of fuel. It yields — by slow coking, a non-cohei'ent coke — by fast coking, a firm compact coke, the form of the particles of coal from which it has been derived is perfectly obliterated; the gases evolved during coking l)urnt with a yellow, luminous, very smoky flainc. The ash has a brownish -yellow color — exposed to a bright red heat, it does not become agglutinated, at a most intense red heat it becomes more or less fi icted. This coal is well known on the Pacific coast, and has the repu- tation of being of good quality both for steani and household pur- poses. Agreeably with the Report — for the year ending Dec. 81st, 1883 — of the Minister of Mines for British Columbia, the output of coal from the Wellington Colliery for the twelve months ending Dec. 31st, 1883, amounted to 171,364 tons, 5 cwt., which with 2,443 tons, 2 cwt. coal in stock Jan. 1st, 1883, makes a total of 173,807 tons, 7 cwt., of this 47,333 tons were sold for home con- sumption and 124,748 tons, 15 cwt., were sold for exportation, leav- ing on hand Jan. 1st, 1884, 1,725 tons, 12 cwt. The coal fields of Nanaimo and Comox, Vancouver Island, have been examined bj- Mr. J. Eichardson and are described by him in IDA. HOFFMANN,] COALS AND LIGNITES OP THE NORTH-WEST TEHUITORY. 39 m t coking. 2.75 18.03 ,2.04 6.58 to.oo )i).22 ;1.38 if sulphur, nsli, oscopic water. 80.45 5.41 14.14 00. 0() .7204 ouuds ,- fast coking, from whicii uses evolved molcy flaine. a bright voil use red heat las the repu- •usehold pili- ng Dec. lUst, , the output onths ending which with cs a total of ir home con- •rtation, leav- Ishmd, have ed by him in his reports — Eoport of Progress ISTG-Tt, p. IfiO (and pi-evious Reports of Progress) — information in regard to the same will also be found in the re])ort of Dr. (t. M. Dawson, Eeport of Progress 187 257 f lot. 221 a 162 8 it70 8 850 lot. let. lot. lot. 123 0( 387 8f 140 94 .'17 88 I TABLI'] I I ■3 = 2 Mi ® 3 5 108 88.55 11)8 972 , 87.:!2 " I 7L'2 , 8r).7KIIIMKNTA[, .•\s ri'iM>r(lotl Exnri'fiK- ca in onlorics. 21 .hh-yolluw iiiulet. Kl.i-brown ,! 5144 17."(l(li8li-br()wn !j uiidet. H.'AvnisIi-yolluw '] 5289 12 . (•ownish-yellow 5207 13.(i-brown 5347 H.J-od i niulot. 13.(Jh-yollo\v 5028 13.(l(liHh-yellow ! mulot. 12.fty roildish-brown. . . " ll.&-od 5473 ll.feh-brown 5531 12 .Jownish-yollow undot. 10. -(-white : " ll.i)wnish-yollow 11 . 1'ownish-red ll.Sdish-browu 11.4ni8h-grey 5424 10.5'ey undet. 9.8i-grey 4980 7 . 8i-white undet. 2 Woitflil (if water (nt 11)0" C.) L'viip(initci| by 1 Ih. „f luel. midot. 9.57 11)8. mulot. )».84 lbs. 9.(19 " 9.95 " undot. 9.36 Ibb, undet, 10.19 11)8. 10.29 ' undet. After cnrroolidTi for liyKr(iciMi|iiu water. ! WoiKhtof ExiirudH- W'ltor m ill caluriua. 10.10 lbs, undet. 9.27 lbs. undet. 5054 5210 5138 5277 4958 5409 5467 5363 4927 (at KHI" C.) (ivaiKiriited by 1 II). of fuol. ». 9.41 Iba 9.70 11)8, 9.57 " 9.83 " 9.23 lbs. 10.07 ll)s. 10.18 " 9.99 lbs. 9.1711)8. TAHLM I.— I'UOXI.MATK ANALYSKS OK ("OAI.S AND I,|(iN VI y. LOCAMTY. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1!) 20 21 ^ouris Rivor, ono niilo wost of T.a Rdcho ?orc6o, at _ junction of Short fVook and Souris Kivor .Sontli SaBkatcliowan, Kontli sido, about ton railos al)ovo Moilicino Hat. Lowor snain Soiitli Saskatclunvan, south sido, ahont ton and a (iuartornnlosabovo^l(uli('inc. Ilat. Lowoi-Hoam. North Saekatdiowan, rifihl bank, about forty nuloa l)('low tlio conlluonco of tho Urawjau \\\\k\t Nortli Saskatchowan, rifiht bank, a short distanco t c c C 0-3-- IkiIow Fort Edmonton Rod Ptior Rivor,attlio month d 1 )oor Rivor, about sovon milos above Hunter's Hill Rod Door Rivor, nine miles above Hunter's Hill. . . Red Deer River, thirtoon miles aboye Hunter's Hill Row Rivor, ( iraasy Island Row River, Rlackfoot ("rossinj,',six and a lialf miles oast of (lid Blaokfoot A^jency buildintrs Found in some parts of the seam from which the procodinf; .sj)ecimen was taken Bow liiver, .south .side, about four milo.s bolow Blackfoot Crossiiifr Crowfoot Crook, four miles from its entry into Bow River Bow Rivor, Horse-shoo Bond Smoky River, live milos lielow tho mouth of Little Smoky River Atliabasca River, about lifty-flve nnles above tho site of old Fort Assino])(jine. rpjK'r .soam Athabasca River, aljout lifty-fivc. milos above tho site of (jld Fort Assinoboijie. Lower soam Milk River Ridge, northern side Pino Rivor, Coal Brook, two and a half milos oast of the Lower Forks 1.41().s 88.55 lbs 1.3!t72 S7.;!2 " i ].H7l.'L' s,-..7(> " 1.4:MI s!i.(i;j " , 1.4:'rifi SI). 10 " 1.40L'7 i S7.(17 " 1.3,i:'.i ! S7.(K) " 1.42.-.7 j WMl " undct. I 1.4.'L'l ' S8.8.S " 1.41 111' ' 88. .-)1 1.3' 170 j «7.:i] t nndot. undet. undot. undet. 1.4423 1.4:iH7 1.5140 1.4217 90.14 " 89.02 " 94.02 " 88.86 " ANALYSIS BY SLOW C'OKINd. OiimiioHltlon, pur cent. o, Sis n 21.84 1().S2 17.70 14.78 12.89 13.08 14.20 13.00 13.03 12.02 11.90 11.91 12.81 10.72 11.25 L ^ com arte 1 1 V a 6 «3 "S "o'C s t- £ 32.15 41.01 11 .13 11 .52 11 x7 10.58 9 84 7.83 29.54 28.03 28.40 32.19 31.49 30.92 29.41 31.31 32.08 31.20 30.04 29.82 29.26 31.98 30.52 31.26 28.90 29.29 28.60 30.55 ^ 40.34 49.8;i .'.0.(19 52.17 51.35 51.21 48.51 41.81 46.72 50.97 .54.78 55.75 46.09 50.85 43.10 53.04 .50.92 53.69 42.07 55.75 4.40 7.30 3.84 6.07 2.75 4.08 3.07 9.02 13.25 8.58 5.93 I 3.27 2.12 113.93 5.92 9.19 4.18 8.05 6.44 18.83 5.87 9 V ■r- M :1.29 : 1.57 :1.74 :1.78 :1.0L' : l.(i3 : 1.00 :1.65 ;1.33 ;1.40 1.03 1 .82 1.87 1.57 1.59 1.18 1.09 1.70 1.83 1.49 1.82 I'liiiranti'i' III the CdIu'. a. 40.01 .53.04 53.07 50 70 ! .■)4.92 .55.43 54 . 88 57.53 55.00 55.30 50.90 58.05 57.87 60.02 56.77 52.:!5 57.22 59.57 60.13 61.50 61.02 •Vim-ciiliuri'iil. -ji^f^ If, ^ do. do. do. • lo. • In. do. do. do. do. do. ,lo. do. do. do. do. lO.s 17.7 1-1.7 12.' 1 14.: i;;.!) 13. t! I2.ti: 11.111 11.9, 12.3 1(1.7: 11. 2i 11. l: 1!.,M 11. i; lO..')!' 9.SJ 7.sa \ OF ("OAF.S ANI) LKiXlTKS FROM TIIK MoUTII-VVKST TKIMMTOUY. OKfNd. 2!t 4(!.(ll >7 .-)3.(14 r4 53.07 ■8 ")() 7ti VJ .■)4.!tL' ili ■),■). 43 r> 54.88 5 57.53 3 55.00 <) 55.30 ;^ 50.! 10 •) 58.05 7 57.87 7 00. OL' 9 50.77 H 52.:J5 U 57.21.' 6 59.57 3 60.13 9 61.50 2 61.62 c\wmv\e powEn. KXI'KKIMKNTAI. Ac n nlt'il Cn|,()l( (iK TlllO .ASH. cd ill oiilorii'ti. Hrowiiisli-yollow tiiulof. Uoddish-brown ' 5144 Dark reddisli-lirown iiiidnt. I'alobrt.wuisli-ycdlow 5L'89 I )iirk hiownish-yolliiw ; 5207 KoddiHlr-lii-dwii ,5347 Brifjht ro( I iiiidut. Bro\vniKli-_\ , How 5028 I'alo roddiMh-yellow I imdist. Palo diity roddisli-tiidwii. .. j " Bright ivd 5473 Yollo\vi»h-brown i 5531 Dark brownish-yollow undut. Reddish-white ; " Pale bn'Wnish-yollow , " Dark browiiiah-red " Palo retidish-brown Light bluiHli-grey Light gioy . Greenisli-grey . . . . Reddish-white . . . 5424 uiidet. 4980 undet Wuikclil III' wiihtr (lit inO» ('.) cviipiiratccl l.y 1 II.. ..r t'lii'l. llIliiiM. 9.57 lbs tiiidet. 11.84 liijj !».01l " 9.95 " niiddt. 9.30 lbs. undet. a 10.19 lb,s. 10.29 " iiiidot. After oiirrectliin fur li.vtrriintMi|iii' wiUor. KxiircsH- Cll ill ciiliiriei. 10.10 11)8, undet. 9.27 lbs. undet. 521(1 5138 4958 5400 .5407 53(i3 4927 WoiKlit nf wiitor (III 1IKI»C\) t'VftiMinitcd l>y 1 II.. i.t liiel. •- 5054 ' 9.41 lbs, 9.70 lbs, 9.57 " 9.83 " • • • • 9.23 lbs. Jl).l)7 ll«, 10.18 " 9.99 lbs, 9.17 11)8, ABLE J i 1 ! 3976 87. 4163 88. idot • 3\m 87. 3587 84.' ;?»i9(» 85.; KKIL' ST.: I 43!.'! 80.4 .'.111 81. SI 3802 m.'^ 3221; j 82. (! 4169 j 88..'-. 422(i 88. !» (272 89. 2( ABLE II.— PKOi. > i CO !'■'■- e .tliHli-bro\vii. (Ull-VtilldW. . . CALltUIFIC POWER. KXPKHIMKNT.M.. Ak recorded. Expreu- ud in oaloriea. Af'fiT cofrection for liyKro8ci>|iic wiitur- 3 I 4 Wridlit of I WpiRht of wiitcr KiiircHo- wiit«r (lit UK) C.) ,„i ill (at m ('.) I I'vinniriit.d : ,.ai„|.irH. fvaiMiriitiMl by 1 lb. ot , by 1 lb. of fuel. fiu^l. 5821 10.84 11)8. ! .V.»8(i ; ll.i;! " .').-)07' ' 10.25 " (;24i 11. (;2 " 4002 87.51 " 5874 4. -brown 52yy I »5 .(52 " 1 .-whito 1| (1082 I i 4S!;) I 89.47 " I 3«iiHh.Kn«y jl 5l>80 :!111 81.1(4 •' 2Xy nvl.lish-hmwii ... i 7020 ;J8()2 s5 iindot. 7*52 5772 , 10.75 11)8. 5ii47 11.07 " 5485 10.21 " (1212 11. 57 " 7 i-bro wn ()2y5 1 1 . 72 10. iC! " ; 5848 10.8!) ll.:!J •' ! 0073 11 31 I .5i)U3 : 11.10 7(K)7 13.05 (1.583 12.20 7 IS!) 13.3!) 11.13 " i:;.(Ml " 12.2!) " 13.41 •' 11.72 " 12.211 " iinili^t. 14. (i2 11)8. 0282 1 1 . 70 I 0500 12.2S (;183 11.51 " 0148 1 11. 45 " 0257 ! 11. tM '• Table ii.— proximate analyses of coals and lk «3 J3 a 3 22* 23 24 25 2fi* 27 28* 29* 30* 31* 32* 33* 34 35* 36 37 LOCALITY. Belly Elver, five miles below tlio mouth of Little Bow River Highwood River, North Fork, five miles above Forks Highwood River, North Foik, one huiulrod yards from site wlionce precediiiii spBi'iinon was taken. Government Indian Farm, south of I'incher Creek, about one mile from farm buildings Belly River, from the main seam at " Coal Banks." St. Mary River, seven miles above its junction -with the Bellj River Bow River, at Coal Creek, between Morley and Calgary Old Man River, North Fork, one and a half miles from the base of ths Rocky Mountains Old Man River, Middle Fork, upper seam Old Man River, Middle Fork, lower seam Upiier Belly River, twonty-flve and a half miles altove th(>- mouth of Kootanie River Vancouver Island, British Columbia, "Wellington Mine," Newcastle seam Pine River, five miles above the I^ower Forks Mill Creek, about four miles above the mill Cascade River, two and throe quarter miles from its couHuenco with the Bow, Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains Cascade River, Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains. 1.3976 1 .4103 inidot. i.y.m 1.3587 1.3090 1.4002 1.0299 1.4316 1.3111 1.3802 1.3222 1 .1109 1.4220 undet. 1.4272 I i> §1. Si! >. 87.35 lbs. 88.52 " 87.49 " 84.92 " 85.56 " 87.51 " 95.02 " 89.47 " 81.94 " 86.20 " 82.64 " 88.56 " ANALYSIS BY SLO'.V OOiaNQ. Composition, percent. a 9.18 6.12 4.23 5.38 0.50 7.02 4.93 1.75 3.27 2.36 3.91 2.75 2.45 88.91 " 1.63 89.20 " 0.71 Is i> a 30.66 20.87 20.13 27.19 31.59 29.41 27.22 10.85 26.41 .32.07 30.93 30.95 27.87 22.61 10.58 53.31 54.93 47.97 58.34 54.36 57.28 52.54 61.54 50.50 56.37 53.83 I 59.72 54.58 03.39 81.14 6.85 12.08 21.67 9.09 7.55 6-29 15.31 19.80 19.82 9.20 11.33 0.58 15.10 12.37 7.57 O V 1.74 2.04 1.83 2.14 1.72 1.95 1:1.93 1 : 3.05 1 : 1.91 a 60.16 67.01 69.64 07.43 01.91 03.57 67.85 81.40 70.32 Charactc of the Coke 1 :1.76 i 05.57 1:1.74 05.10 I 1 :1.93 ! 00.30 1:1.90 I 69.68 ! I i 1.2.80 ! 75.76 Non-cohcrc do. do. do. do. do. Non-oohcro do. do. do. 1 : 7.07 do. do. 88.71 Non-coherc i OF COALS AND LIGNITES PEOM THE NOKTH-WEST TERRIOHY— Confmwe.i. sLov/ roiaNG, O V •r; XI 1.74 2.04 1.83 2.14 1.72 1.95 1.93 3.65 1.91 o O 60.16 67.01 69.64 67.4,3 61.91 63.57 Character of the Coke. Non-coherent, do. do. do. do. do. 67.85 81.40 70.32 1.76 i 65.57 1.74 65.16 I 1.93 ! 66.30 1.96 I 69.68 ! 1 .2.80 ! 75.76 1 : 7.67 Non-ooheront. do. do. d(i. do. do. ANALYSIS BY FAST COKING. Composition, per cent. 9. IS (>.12 4.23 5. 38 6.50 7.U2 4.93 i 1.75 3.27 2. 30 il 3.91 2.7."^ 2.15 1 .63 88.71 Non-coherent. 2.07 0.71 3 . as « s 2.2 3'-C 34.97 31.92 31.06 33.19 38.04 36.47 33.55 19.99 32.53 40.66 38.01 38.03 33.76 28.43 15.84 10.79 49.00 49.88 43.04 ,52.,,, 47.91 50.22 46.21 .58.40 44.38 47.78 46.75 52.64 48.69 57.57 74.35 80.93 6.85 .2 08 21.67 9.09 7.55 6.29 15.31 19.86 19.82 9.20 11.33 6.58 15.10 12.37 7.74 7.57 =_2 '•w en ce s It 1 : 1.40 1 : l.,56 1 : 1.38 1:1.58 1:1.26 1 : 1.38 1 : 1.38 1 : 2.92 1 : 1.36 1:1.18 1:1.23 1 : 1.38 1 : 1.44 1 : 2.02 1 : 4.69 1 : 7.50 6 di Charaotor of the Coke. 55.85 Non-cohoront. 61.96 64.71 61.43 55.46 56.51 Slightly fritted- do. do. do. do. 61.52 ICohercnt but j tender. 78.26 64.20 ■56.98 58.08 59.22 63.79 69.94 I do. Firm. JMrm and oompaot- do. do. do. Firm. 82.09 88.50 Non-coherent, do. COIOItOFTlIE ASII. Brownif h-yellow Koddisli-irroy Light bliiish-f^rcy Palo rodilish-browii Browiiifrli-ycllow Koddieli-biown Kotldish-lirown Koddish-wliito Light blaJMh-groy Palo dirty roildlKh-bniwu Groyif'. Vnnvn Brownisli-yoUow White Greyish-white Pale reddish-yellow — White CALORIFIC POWEU. Exi'RHIllENT.a. As recorded. Express- ed in calories. 5821 5980 5507 0241 6183 6295 5874 6082 5980 7020 6604 7204 6295 6(504 undet. 7852 3 Weight of water (atlWC.) evaporated by 1 lb. of fuel. 10.84 lbs, 11.13 " 10.25 " 11.62 " 11.51 " 11.72 " 10.93 " 11.32 " 11.13 " 13.06 " 12.29 " 13.41 " 11.72 " 12 . 29 " After oorreotion for hyKrosoopic water. Express- ed in cull Ties. undet. 14.62 lbs. Weight of water (at 100" C.) evaporated by 1 lb. of fuel. 5772 5947 5485 6212 6148 6257 5848 6073 5963 7007 6583 7189 6282 6596 10 75 lbs, 11.07 " 10.21 " 11.57 " 11.45 " 11.65 " 10.89 " 11.31 " 11.10 " 13.05 " 12.26 " 13.39 " 11.70 " 12.23 " TABLE III.—ULTIMATE ANALYSES OF COALS AND a QQ o o 22 26 28 29 30 31 32 33 35 Composition, per Cent.! LOCALITl" o 6 South Saskatchewan, south side, about ten miles above Medi- cine Hat — Lower seam \ 54 .35 Belly Kiver, five miles below the mouth of Little Bow River. . . Belly River — from the main seam at " Coal Banks" Bow River, at Coal Creek, bet- ween IMorley and Calgary .... Old Man River, North Fork, one and a-half miles from the l)ase of the Rockv Mountains- • . . Old Man River, Middle Fork, upper seam Old Man River, Middle Fork, lower seam 71 .11 Upper Belly River, twenty-five and a-half miles above the I mouth of Kootanie River 66.19 Van(!0uver Island, British Col- uml>ia, " Wellington INIine," Newcastle sc^am 72 .65 Mill Creek, about four miles above the mill 71 . 57 a 62.39 65.30 62.59 65.71 59.84 3.34 3.99 4.30 4.13 3.56 4.17 5.04 4.43 4.89 4.05 c a c P O 17.52 16.82 15.65 12.60 8.76 12.35 11.63 12.77 9.94 .a a 'a m 0.67 0.77 0.70 0.44 0.36 0.55 0.66 2.18 0.36 0.44 15 19 19 9 11 12 ^OALS AND LIGNITES FROM THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. ITION, PER Cent. Calorific Power I. Experimental. Calorific Power II, Theoretical. 1 2 A B 3 . to • a, • GO < H a 2.2 P.03 Weight of Water (at 100*' C) evaporated by 1 lb. of fuel. p It pq 1 Weight of 1 Water ! (at 100*^ C.) evaporated by 1 lb. of fuel. '^ . Weight of Is Water |-g (at 100'' C.) 55-2 evaporated &g by lib. W of fuel. '.52 0.67 7.30 16.82 5144 9.57 lbs. 4842 9.02 lbs.' 4654 8.67 lbs. ;.82 0.77 6.85 9.18 5821 10.84 " 5744 10.70 " 5600 10.43 " ».65 0.70 7.55 6.50 6183 11.51 " 6137 11.43 " 6015 11.20 " J. 60 0.44 15.31 4.93 5874 10.93 " 5991 11.16 '' 5896 1 10.98 '' .76 0.36 19.86 1.75 6082 11.32 " 6212 11.57 " 6157 11.46 " .35 0.55 19.82 3.27 5980 11.13 " 5793 . 10.79 " 5708 10.63 *' ! 1 .63 0.66 9.20 2.36 7020 13.06 " 7038 13.11 " 6962 12.96 " I M 2.18 11.33 3.91 6604 12.29 " 6413 11.94 " 1 6327 11.78 " 77 0.36 6.58 2.75 7204 13.41 " 7059 1 13.14 " 6974 12.99 ** 1»4 0.44 12.37 1.63 6604 12.29 " 6806 i 12.67 " 1 6745 12.56 "