<\y. 71 <^ /i ^?. c^l c^>. ^m s^7 >y w w o / IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I |50 ""'= t 1^ 1.25 M |||M 11= 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation A /. <° Cx < "^^ (P., ^^ ■SJ \ iV \ :\" ^"V w ''^\.^ > * " ! ' /tyiU. Au .// t> J. t> ■- '« / ^^ THE TRAVELLERS' OWN BOOK, TO SARATOGA SPRINGS, NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA, CONTAINING noUTES, DISTANCES, CONVEYANCES, EXPENSES, CSR or MINERAL WATERS, BATHS, DESCRIPTION OF SCENERY, ETC. A COMPLETE GUIDE, FOR THE VALETUDINARIAN AND FOR THK TOURIST, 8EEKINO FOR PLEASURE AND AMUSKMENT. ^V I T H MAPS AND ENGRAVINGS. BY S. DE VEAUX. "And still tliou dasliest in thunder down Willi a silver robe and a rainbow crow n," BUFFALO: FAXON & HEAD, 1841 REFERENCES TO THE mi I On the Canada Side. 1. BciiderV-J Cavp. 4. Concert Mouse. (i. Col. Clark's old plwo. P. Wlicre tliR Episcopal CliurcH stood. IJiirnt hy incoiidia- rios, Sept. Iriji), 0. Gull Isliinil. 10. Site of Briilgewairr A'illn;;" 11. Cliipprwa Battle Groiiini. "Table Hock." It projrris over several feet. Visitors dc- Bc'ciul here to go under (lie shc-c; of water, or to wli;u is called Teriuiiiation Jfocfc. " Clifton IJouse." on llie lirow of tlir l:ill, where the road rises fronj the ferry. 3. Where stood the Pavillion. 1«. C:irrin|jc Koad down the hank, 13. Ferry nud Guardhouse. Bistauecs from the Ferry, U. C. To Ciit'ton House 106 rods. Tabic R(M'k, ] 2 i:i.. Burning Siiring, i •• " Bender's Cave, 3- 1 ' '• " liundy's Lane Batlle M A P F N [ A (i A AND (iUlDE ' Being a complete Directory nnd tlnidc to tlie Fulls mid viriiiity DIRECTIONS TO HASTY 1h<. Slarl from the HolcU, m Miiii stroet, Ningnrn Falls Vi 11 n?—^j wcrtt to Pro^peH Pla- to fbe hridgn—^iizr !~cr()fH (he hri.lire (o Iris klnnd— -rise the hill— take the rood to tlio liglit— tlio Piospoct Tower, and round tli;' l-laiid. "-id. At more leisure wnlknloug the high bank of the rivir, or ride lo the WbirlpoDl, and vis \; (adjoin IN C; ) SHOHES.) BUFFAJbO. FaxDii <*i Read. »»■ J 'y^ ''////■// J '■ ■#-- ^J//!'l ! t - , ' ■'a iiim>!'^i rrrt-ii-ra^/ ^^^^ 1//// / ' ' / / / I \^, ^; J I Mir ^^^ ^ N I A (i A U A F A L L S, ND (iUlDE TABLE. thr Fulls mid viplnity, for reninrk on the spot, or for rcfereiire at home. lECTIONS TO HASTY TRAVELLERS. go — ^.j vvccil (o Prn-f|)Pol Pla-p and Ware's Obacival'My ; gaze on the K'cnr! — rotiim cmfcrly along the river -take Ihc road to the riglit — at the point of the Islmid look tironnil!-^\n\'H to (he Biddio stairs — thcnco to ride to the Wbirlpoul, and visit other places of noloricty. fiEFEREM'KS TO THE MV. On the American Side. A— Tatifrnct Hotel. Tl— l'as1« llntH. ., ■■-Kxfhunjn' lfoti-1, i>H(l Whirlpool Omnibus oflU'*! r.-R»llilM...V^ '"?:« fouTirtation, ■I'-Lockport an'd >'i»P'ni Falls r.iiirdad office. *<-i-l?i»fraJ() and Niagara T^'"^ "'•'^' loali ollu-c. ■II— Ferry, uml WarP's Observa- tory, ^I— "Wliere Francis Abiiott livcd- 'T— Where Alexander went off lie bank. 'K— l'r()|>oi!ed road Aown (l>c bank. Tj — Old Indian liaddcr. M — C'liapln's Island. >i — Hobinson's Island- >0 — Prospect Mmid. {[»'Q— Sloop and Bay Islands. iU— Prospect Tower and Terrapin Hocks. S~Hoad, washed away. T_.^Ioss Island. V—L"re^ce.nt^ or Centre Fall, under wWdi is Ingraliai* a Cave. V_PapTr .Hill. ■•'2— Presttytcrian Cliurch- 7 >!{ — Pro^pn-t T/Jwrr aJjil 'r. " IJciider's Cave, 3.1 .^ " liUnil} 'd Lane Ilatlle Ground. j •» t'liippewft Bat. Gr'«r?, inted nl 90 foot. Ferry below the Falls, is 50 rods wide; pas^aae from five to ten minutop. 5,084,- )iir Lours. From 200 to 250 feet, is the average height of the batiks of the river around the Fall?, over the rapids. 6-where Robinson dceccnd.'d in the rapids to enve Chapin. The river in six miles ) Lake Ontario, 2 {1{— i'rn:|nTt Towrr sujii r«'riiit m S— noiiil, wiislieil nwny, V—t'rPM*wn«>r Centre Fall, under wldMi w Ingrnliiuii's riivt*. V— Pn|i»r .lini. :i2— ''resliVlcrian C'liurcli. Distances frora the Araeri- fcan 1l6tcls, II. 8. rollliitli aiid Iris T. Iirjdt.'r, 40 rnd 'Ri'ilrojid from liockport to Nia'iara Falls 37 Route ^rom Syracuse, l»v Lake Ontario 38 " ' " by Aulturu, cu- .30 City of BuflTalo, and distances from thence on the Lakes. . . 41 Routes from Niasrara r'alls throu<;ii Canatia 42 Rrantford, Toronto, etc 44 Socket's Harlior. Kinjrston, etc 45 Montreal, Qnehec, etc 47 Route from Albany to Boston > 49 PART II. Jattnt to Sarat ■ioa Springs. Arrival at the Snrlnjrs « 53 A''ipit to (^on^res^■ Spring rt4 Hamilton, 1»' "ud the Pavilion Springs 56 Analvsis ol ■ u rs o7 Flat Hock, fii, I ■■• ,e Springs 58 HlL'h Hock Spt.u.„ 50 Ballston Spa 63 Observations on mineral waters 04 VI. pnf6 Thrlr wnonn n drink, nnrl tnfrlirlnnlly []JJ •' " In llie balli, uiul hiiiliiiij,' i"^ Thr cold lialll V{ T\i>' tepid and wiirin hiith i'* Tin* viipor linth i' I ' Lj^ Diseases t'nr wiiii-li the Sarat()<;a watets are let'oniuiendcil. . r* The vill.ijie of tSiirato^a f] IMil.tir Mouses '" AiiiiiseMieiit< ; Coveiit (iardt'ii, fanilihiiir. t'tc j - Hides, halls, and asseiiililics jl'l Churches ' * PART III. TllK FaI.T.S of XiAOAnA, WlIIIU.l'OOI,, ISLAXnS, &c. Jaunt to tiie I'alls of Niagara. . % \]>y Descrip'ion of the I'alls j "J Incpiiries answered J" Names and initials on llic ro(d;s and trees. Ml Mists around the l''iills, and op;ii'al illusions H'^i Francis Aliliott, the licruiit J '4 Alevandei's lea]) '"ff Fisii and anjilint: [•* Hunting irrounds and frame I'-^I* Road down the hank IxJ. Point View \}» Villa" Ttloii: islui.d |5i Th« Low Familv l';-* ■William Chamliers |Vi» Expedition to Navy island, and steamboat Caroline IhY Ownnunffa. or (irand island IJ^ Jaunt to the Whirlpool 1^7 Ond Pierce, Esq ' '» Mineral Spring *J^ Description of the WHiirlpool 1|"- Benjamiu Ilaihbun l^** ^ pnte . 0(1 . OH "0 . 71 . 7H . H'i . H7 . to . 1>1 . J»'i . SI.3 . 1)1 • • .100 I • • .101 • • • . I(H • • • .III • • * . ll'i 1 • • • .111 • • • .li'i • ■ • .1-24 • • • . 1 •.!(•) • • • . \'ii • • * .1.10 r » • 13-2 • • • .134 • • « .130 « • • .ll'i . • • .145 ■ « • .110 a • • .110 • • • .l.)0 • • • .151 • • • .152 • • • .l.»3 • • • .154 • • • • • .156 • • • .158 1 • • • .159 • • • .101 • • • • .103 • • • .105 • • • .107 • • - .170 • • • .177 » • • • .179 • • • .181 • • • • • .1F2 1 • • • .195 i vu. n.ittlf of tlio DoviVs Hole '^<[l Tusnir«»ra IndiuiH *J* Littl«"v;i:i.f ^«« Esiiipc from liidinns *"» Lpu htoii . . . f\\ Five \\\\\v meadow * * Fort NiJiL'Jirii *'* •Willi.iiri MorjiHU f^^ Jidiii Carroll f^^ Jaunt to Canai.a ^-^ View from llie stairs "•* Pcriloim dos'Tiit of llic ladder '-^•' C.-.tlhi's Ciivf. 'f;;- Villa"!' ot' Clitioii • -*" Tal.l.- I{.).'l< f^. Vi\4 C^aiial lioat incident I*;*'! f3:ininel S rei'f. Col. < lark -•'" Citv of liic Tails ;^J DrnmiHonK ille --j- IJroi-U's :Mnnnineiit -\'* Town of MaL'ara -s^" :>fH(Ki r.ANKors NoTirFS. Me liriiial vitu 's ot t lie air . ...»•.... !••..••••• *■** 4 ieolo'iv of Niairara I'^ali-* • • - ' .lolm Uownin'-'aiid the Wliirli)ool 'il!> l)(>ath of Dr. lluML'erford |-'»'J Ailventure anioiii.' the rapi Is '-J^ Clirono'ou'ii'al la'.dc of events at Xiau'ara Fulls 'iu Distances '^^ I ^ i ^ ! H Note. — The following Ehceis having been prepared during the past winter, the rates of fare arc inserted as es- tablished last season. On the following routes they have this ycQx been reduced, and ore now as follows: New- York to Albany, by steamboat, $1,00, board extra. Syracuse to Rochester, by packets, $3,00, and found. Rochester to Lockport, " .f 2,C0 to Buffalo, " $2,75, H ERRATA. Page 88, 9(h line, for " G3," read " 87." ** 45, 2d " for "from," read "to," and for "of," read "on." " 73, 30th line, for " intomperancc," read "temper- ance. >» ** 78, 23d line, for " wary," read " wavey." " 86, 2Gth line, for " fount," read " forest." " 126, 14th hne, for "some kind," read " the same kinds." " 188, 9th line, for "bridge," read "lodge." " 196, 16th line, for " to calling," road " to the call- ing." prepared ted as es- hcy have • ird extra. d found. (( PART I. THE TOURIST. % CONTAINIVO for "of," "temper- the game HINTS TO TRAVELLERS, ROUTES, DISTANCES, CONVEYAx\C£S, EXPENSES, BESCRIPTlOxX OF SCENERY, &c. i&C. > the call- •% •■ I TO TRAVELT.ERS. ESTIMATE OF EXPENSES, AND OTHER HINTS. " Put money in thy purse." In concluding upon a tour of business, of pleasure, or of health to Saratoga Springs, to the Falls of Niagara, or to both of these jilacee, among otlicr calculations and arrangements it is customary to make some euitablo pro- vision for the expenses, to consider the modes of con- veyance, to count over the distances, and to know the length of time that the journey will require. Money. — This potent talisman, this charm more pow- erful than the sorcerer's wand, must l)c the lirst object of the traveller's attention. A sufficient amount must be appropriated ; select such a stock of bank bills as will go currently through the country you intend to pass. In the State of New- York, Safety Fund and the General Bank bills, which on the Bank Note List stand at no higher discount than 2 per cent, will answer to pay expenses. Upper Canada bills in the Upper Province, and Lower Canada bills in the Lower, will do the best. Let your hills be a mixture of small an.d large, that you may t 14 TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS, ' i Bfi^'jjagc — Cljoice of Borllis. i M always be supplied with change. It will be bad policy to carry with you foreign, uncurrent, or doubtful bills, unless you are disposed to quarrel with all to whom you pay money, and to pass as a suspicious character. Keep a few dollars in your wallet for present use, and the resi- due of your money in some secure place about your person. Baggage. — Let it be as compact, and in as small a compass as possible. Have your trunks firmly made and well strapped, and painted on them your initials, or full name, with place of residence, in fair white characters. If you travel alone, a simple valise or cloak bag only, will , cause you to feel very independent. The company of ladies will greatly increase your baggage; not only band- boxes will be added, but one or two large trunks for every lady. Never carry with you what is superfluous, but just what is sufficient. A cloak, or over-coat, should not be omitted. Paul Pry's indisijcnsable, an um.brella, can be purchased any where on your route; and almost every other small article that you may require. Put up no pills, and take no medicine while travelling. Stop when you consider medicine necessary. Never lose sight of your baggage unless it is locked up. Steam-Boats. — Always engage your passage as soon as you can. The farther your berth is from the boilers the more safe and pleasant it will be. If you come on board late and should not like the remaining berths, or a settee, insist upon having one of the reserved berths. When you go at an early hour on board of a steamboat, and find a long list of names in the same hand writing, apparently engaging all the best berths of the boat, such as **Mr. Drain," *< Mr. Lane," and "ditto," "ditto," f NIAGARA PALLS AND CANADA. 15 ad policy Ifui billB, 'horn you ir. Keep the reei- ur person. 8 small a made and Is, or full haracters. only, will mpany of inly band- I for every 3, but just lid not be la, can be lost every Lit up no (top when e sight of e as soon he boilers L come on jrthe, or a ;d berths, jteamboat, d writing, boat, such " ditto,** Railroad Cars — Packet Boats. or some similar device, you may be sure that it is ficti- tious. This is an every day practice; and in this way acquaintances and favorites enjoy the best berths, and the uniniliated traveller has to put up with what he can get. Railroad Cars. — The cars from the engine to the centre have the least motion, and are considered the easiest, and those in the rear the safest. But in these, or in other respects, upon railroads, there is little choice. Very little advice can be given as to avoiding accidents. Do not sufler yourself to sleep in the cars; take your seats before the cars start, and do not get out until they have stopped. Always ascertain the hour of starting and be on the ground a few minutes before. Ever have your eyes around you, and keep out of harm's way Never ride upon railroads in the night, unless it is really neces- sary that you should hasten your journey. Railroad travelling at night is very uncomfortable, and is attended with more danger than during the day. Packet Boats. — Enter your name as soon as you get on board, that you may have a berth if you should remain over night. Do not put your head out of the cabin win- dows; keep below as much as practicable, and when on deck look ahead for the bridges, and before passing them come down on the lower after deck. For the feeble, and Ihose who are worn out with fatigue, the canal boat af- fords the best accommodations. It glides along so quietly that you can repose and slumber as undisturbedly as in your own c'aamber. Stage Coaches — Of these old fashioned conveyances little need be said. Ladies are always accommodated with the back seat. The middle scat is the easiest, the ;i 16 TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS, Mii I lii n Fure — Price of lioard. front seat the best to sleep on; but if you arc subject to sickness when riding, always avoid it. Potit coaches, if not crowded with too many passengers, over good roads, in fair weather, ofibrd the most safe and agreeable mode of transit of any other; but the fly-away character of travellers is fast driving them out of use. From these vehicles the scenery of the country cnn always be advan- tageously viewed; and as the wheels roll on, the hours pass in social chat, free remark, amusing anecdotes and gay sallies, often truly pleasant and interesting. Newspapers. — On leaving a city, or other place of importance, before the boat or cars move off, buy the latest and most interesting papers. On meeting another boat, or train of cars, have some papers ready to exchange. In this way, as you will generally travel in advance of the mail, you will c , ; find yourself in possession of the iatest news. On boar, .f boats and at public houses leave papers, but abstract none. Destroying and stealing news- papers is not an original Yankee practice. That Vandal- ism, with others of a like nature, should be frowned down. From New- York to Saratoga, vin. Albany and Troy, the highest rate of fare usually charged is $4,75. The lowest rate will amount to very little more than half that sum. By the way of Schenectady it may cost $5. The traveller may leave New- York in the afternoon steamboat, and be in Saratoga the next day before dinner; and if he pleases may be back again in New- York the succeeding morning, having accomplished his visit in 36 hours. Without reference to baggage and superfluities, $5,75 # i jubjcct to ooches, if >od roads, ible mode iracter of •om these be advan- the hours dotes and place of buy the g another exchange, dvance of ion of the uses leave ing news- it Vandal- 3 frowned nd Troy, ,75. The 1 half that |5. afternoon re dinner; -York the ^ieit in 36 NTACARA FALLS! AND CANADA. 17 lUffcTent Roiilos, and cost. les, 55,75 is an ample sum to pay all necessary expenses from New- York to Saratoga. At Snratotrn the price of board per week is from $10 to $)2, nt tlH! best hotcJB; and per dny from ,f 1,50 to $2. The oflior public liousoa ehnrgo from $i (o $7 per week; and from $1 to $'l,or, ^rr day. Privnle boarding hoiiwH, of wbieb there arc a great number, cliarge from ^'i to $12 per week. Of other expenses at the Springs, it is unnecessary 1o speak: they may be moderate or cxtrnvngnnt, according to the notions or rlmrneter of the individnnl. As the pri^ CCS of lu-ovisions have fallen, the cost of living to travei- lerf^ it is expected, will be reduced. P>om the city of New- York to Niagnra Falls, or to the city of T3nll)do, to the ordinary traveller or tourist, the usual expense, when the journey is performed direct, by steamboats, railroads, stages and jiackets, will be between $20 and $22, and will include all that is respectable and necessary. Three days is as short a time as should be allowed for the journey. Those who are interested in diflbrent routes advertise a shorter period, but it is very seldom done in less than three days, and is frequently more. Travelling even at such a rate, is often more fatiguing than pleasant. The expenses of living at Niagara Falls, and Buffalo, varies but little from the like expenses at Saratoga, ex- cepting at some of the most fashionable Hotels; and those being equal to similar establishments in New- York city, arc not backward in imitating them in their bills; bank note paper, beautiful vignette, copy hand, round numbers. There is an economical mode of conveyance that it may ij I'l 111 18 TOUR TO SARATOC.A SPRINGS, Stf*iuiil)0!itH from Ncw-Vork. be interesting for eniigrnntH' nnd lliuHo Iruvcllcrs who study economy more tlinn speed, to know: it is by the steam tow boats on the Hudson river, and i'reight boats on the canal. By one line the passenger is carried through from New- York to Bullido in six days, with board, for j|ll, and without board for ^7,50. On another line he is carried through in seven days, without board, for , 1^0,50. On board of the freiglit boats the passage \k'Y mile, is H cent, and 2 cents with board. The fare on board of the packet Iwats, with board, is usually 4 cents per mile. I M ! i i THE TOIR BEGUN. ' " Land of flie forest and tlie rock — Of dark blue lake and niighly river •, Of mountains rcar'u aloft to mock The storm's career, the lightning's shock— My own green land forever I liand of the lieantiful and brave. The freeman's liome, the martyr's grave." Much of the information that follows has been obtained from actual observation and experience; the residue has been gathered from, and collated with the best autho- rities. The usual mode of conveyance to Albany is by steam- boats. Several pass and re- pass every day. The passcn- llcrs who 8 by the gilt boats om Ncw- |I1, and roil days, per mile, board, is n obtained esidue has est autlio- by etcam- 'he posscn- 1 i NIA(}ARA FALLS AND CANADA. 10 AVVpIiiiwlvPH — IJiiIl's Forry. gcr boats t^tart in New- York IVom the foot of Courlland street, and from the foot of JJarclry street. Jn Albany they start from the pier at the foot of State street, and at the foot of flnniilton street. The day boats go at 6 o'clock in the morning, and the night boats at 5 o'clock ill the afternoon. The fare through is commonly f3, meals extra, 50 cents. Competition sometimes carries the fare down to 50 cents. Besides the passenger boats there are also several freight or tow boat?, which pass daily between the two cities. Their price is $1 for passage, and meals extra, or the passenger finds himaelf. To those who have never been up the Hudson, a day passage is recommended. Always to sleep in passing over this noblest of rivers, and to loose the view of the varie- gated scenery along its banks, evinces an unpardonable ajiathy to the beauties of nature and the improvements of man. Weehawkcn, New- Jersey, 3 miles from New- York, and 145 from Albany, on the west side of the river — it commands a line view of the city. The range of rocks called the Palisadoes, begin to make their ap- pearance here, and continue 22 miles. The Monument where Alexander Hamilton fell in a duel with Aaron Burr, is observed near the water's edge. In former days when duelling was more practiced by the citizens of New- York than it happily is at present, this spot was the cho- sen place for settling points of honor. Bull's Ferry, west side, New-Jersey, is 10 miles from New- York, and 138 from Albany. Near this place the Palisadoes begin to assume a perpendicular attitude of from 3 to 400 feet. H i 'A * I'i ! Si I 20 TOI'R TO SAHATOC-A KPRr\(JS, Fori Liv — Vojikors — Pirrpoiii. Fort Lee, 11 miles Iroin Nnw-York, niul i:J7 from Al- bany, on tho brow of tbc I'liIiHiulooH, !5()0 feet from Ibo wnter. Opposite, on York I^Innd, nrc the vcflti|TC8 of Fort VVnHbinfi;ton. In the llovolution, n finiiken chcvnnx (Ic frine exIciKh^l from one side of tho river to the other. Yonkerrt, or riiinipfibiirgh, eaflt side, WeslcheHler ro. N. Y. is 10 jMileH from New-York, and ]I)'2 from Albany. The Bjiire of the church, and a men^ glimppo of the vil- lage is oblnined as the 8tenml)oa< pnenes Imnlily along. Here still filands the Hiibfelnntinl old mansion Iiouho of the Phillips fnniily, once the head of Phillipw' mnnor; and a venerable Etii,diHh church, still oecujjied by nn Episcopal congregntion, many of (hem the dcsccndnnts of the first settlers. A fine mill slrt^nm puts into the Hudson. Tho formation of the ground, and the large fruit and shade trees that cluster around, make this a beautiful place. Between this and the city of New-York, the river on t\\e east side, with the exception of some rough and rocky heights, is lined with highly cultivated farms and si)lcn- did country scats. Tappan, west side, Rockland co. N. Y. is 23 miles from New- York, and 125 from Albany. From hence to its source, the whole course of the Hudson is through the State of New- York. Tappan village is hid from view. Pierpont, west side, Rockland co. N. Y. is 25 miles from New- York, and 123 from Albany. The great southern railroad, which is to extend to Lake Eric, commences at this place. Here the river expands to three miles in width and used to be called Tappan sea; it I NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA. 21 t'roni Al- from llio Cflli|TC8 of I chcvnux w other. .108 (cr CO. II Albany. )f the vil- ily niong. house of ' iiiniior; (1 by mi scciulnnts I into tlic Hie lar<^e to this a ) river on ind rocky nd flplcn- 23 miles hence to through bid from 25 miles 'he great ke Erie, qiande to m sea; it f^inir Sill!? Prison — Aniliony's Nose;. is now less dignilie.l, nnd is only termed Tnpi.nn boy. Not ffir from this viUnge, Major Andre was executed. Tarrylovvn, ca.st side, 2li mdes from New- York, and V22 iVoiM Albmiy — Noted as the 'ace where Major An- dre wad ciii)lured. Above 'i^ni-rylown, and extendir? ■ Sing Si g, there rises lioni the shore on the east side, ...ant Pleasant, a commantbrig and delightful trad, presenting iicin the river a most beautiful prosjjoct of rural scenery. Sing Sing, east side, WcKlehester co. .-^2 nn'Ies from New- York, and }W fr„m Albany, is the location of one of the New- York Slate Prisons. It was built by the convicts from Iho marble got from the premises. The Croton AcqueducI, which is to supply the city of New- York wilh water, commences near this place. Ilaverslraw, west side, ]lockland co. 38 miles from New- York, aiul IJO from Albany. The river in front is called llaverstraw bay. Further up the river, in this township, arc vestiges of Stony Point, and Forts Clin, ton and Montgomery, famous in the events of the Rev- olution. Croton, east side, Westchester co. Cortlajid, <' << Peekskill, cast side, Westchester co. 44 miles from New York, and 104 from Albany. The Inst mentioned village is a thriving place. Ver- planck's Point is in the same township, upon which onco stood Fort Fayette, now scarcely dieccrnable. Anthony's Nose, on the east side, 44 miles from New. York, and 104 from Albany, a high bluff of 1128 feet, in former days, before steamboals abolished time and ■«ik1 ill! 22 TOUR TO RARATOOA SPRINGS, I ! i West Point — Miiifary Aciulciiiy. Bpncc in travelling, Ihn i)aB8ing of the noec wns to the nnvigntors of the ll\ulfl(>n, what crossing the line is to sailors on the ocean; the novice was obliged to pay a forfeit, which was devoted to the increase of red noses. It is not contended hy those who have seen this promon- tory that it hns any great resemhlnnce to a nose. The river narrows in jinssing through the Highlands, which extends nearly 12 miles, presenting on coch side noble and picturesque scenes; high acclivities, sloping heights, and deep ravines, advance and recede before the opectator ab the boat drives along. West Point, west side, Orange co. Fort ! iitnam, 53 miles from New- York, and 1)5 from Albany. At this memorable place in the Revolution, there was a chain stretched across the river, intended to cut off the nav- jtration from below; but the British in 1777, succeeded in removing it, and passed up the river as far as the village of Kingston, which they mercilessly burnt. The Military Academy was established here in 1802. 250 students arc only admitted. The sons of revolutionary officers have the first claim; those of deceased officers of the last war the second. Pupils arc only admitted be- tween the ages of 14 and 22. There are 30 Professors. A cadet costs the government $336 annually. The period of study is 4 years. They encamp 6 or 8 weeks each year. A well kept hotel is established at West Point, for the accommodation of visitors. It may be justly observed as respects the Military Academy — its operation is, on one hand, to make scien- tific and patrician officers, and on the other degraded and plebian soldiers. For republicans, the present military NIAfJARA FAF.LH AND CANADA. 23 Milimry Aciidciny. ^'nH to the line ia to I to pay a red nosofl. is promon- highlands, each side 3B, eloping before the lit nam, 53 . At this as a chain r the nav- succeeded far as the irnt. The .802. 250 ^olutionary officers of mitted be- Professors. The period veeks each ''est Point, e Military lake scien- graded and it military i I eyHlcni is a bad one, allogdher incompatible with tho |)rinciple8 of democracy; principles so d'^arly cherished by all parlies of the Americnn people. At present, the sol- dier, however meritorious he may be, is cut of from all chance of promotion, and all appointments to office arc made by the grace; and favor of the rich and influential. Jt is not denied but that the present officers of the army are highly respectable; eiiuaily true it is, that the private soldiers are in the very lowest state. In so low an esti- mation k the army held, that it is with the utmost diffi- culty recruits are obtained to fill the ranks of the i)resent small establishment. Do away with favoritism; let the government make every fort and garrison a military school; illowof no promotion except from the ranks: <'He that would command, must first learn to serve;" ^nd tho profession would soon become honorable. There would be no need of increasing the pay, of giving bounties, or of drumming up for recruits in the present vulgar way, at taverns and grog fihoi)8. A live years term of service would be but a course of education mixed with military duties. Study, and the pursuits of useful knowledge, would take the place of idleness and dissipation; and tho army, instead of being shunned as the last resource of the most degraded, would soon be filled with the eUte of tho brave and youthful of the country. Such a system would not only be novel, but great and exalting. A national army, composed of the youth of the land, emulating each other in the studies to fit them for the double capacity of citizens and soldiers; forming at all times a powerful body of men, to meet the exigencies of war; or in peace, to maintain the supremacy of the laws and the integrity of the Union. Jh /. 24 TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS, il: \> :. oM Spring — Nnwhui'.'li. Cold Spring, east side, Putnam co. 53 niilea from New- York, and 95 from Albany. The West Point Fonn- dry is at this village. Of the hills in thia part of the highlands, Crow's Nest, on the west side, is a high peak. Butter Hill, is the last of the range of mounts on the west side. It is 1589 feet high. Bull Hill, on the cast side, is 1480 feet. Break-neck Hill, on the cast side. On a part of the rock on the south side, there is a fancied resemblance to the human countenance. It is called the Turk's face. New Windsor, on the west side. Near this village there still stands a house in which General Washington resided with his family nearly all the winter of 1774. Newburgh, west side, C2 miles from New- York, and 86 from Albany. It is the half-shire town of Orange CO. A fine stream of water spreads over this township, and affords many mill privileges. The farmers arc wealthy— -great enterprise is the distinguishing trait of the citizens of Newburgh. Many roads concentrate at this place, and much business is done. Large quantities of butter, and of the finest quality, arc here shipped for the New- York market. Tlic place has a fine appearance from the river. Passengers to the southern tier of coun- ties frequently disembark here, and take the Ithaca stage, which runs daily. Fishkill Landing, cast side, Dutchess co. C2 miles from New- York, and 80 from Albany. It is nearly opposite Newburgh, and is 5 miles from Fishkill village. The MatteaM-an Cotton Factory at this place, gives employ- ment to 300 persons. New Hamburgh, cast side, Dutchess co. (>? miles from siness i LI i ■ NIA(JARA PALLS AND CANADA. 25 08 from nt Fonn- rt of the gh peak. s on the rt of the blance to ! face. 8 village ishiiigton 774. fork, and f Orange township, mors arc g trait of 3ntratc at quanlitiea lipped for ppcurancc r of coiin- aca stage, nilcs from / opi)08itc ge. The 8 employ - Poiijihkocpsio — Hyde Park. Kff miles h-om x\ow-York, and 81 from Albany. This is an active liUlc village, with a good landing, Rtore-hoiieee, draw- bridge, and other improvements indicative of prosperity. Milton, west side, Ulster co. GS miles from New- York, and 80 milea from Albany. The inhabitants arc princi- pally dcBcendants of English families settled here at an early period. New Pnllz, west side, Ulster co. 70 miles from New- York, and 73 from Albany. This is a well improved portion of country. The farms arc good and well cul- tivated. The ijihabitunts arc of Dutch descent,- their ancestors settled here as long ago as 1G70. Substantial stone houses indicate the foresight and good condition of the citizens. Poughkeepsie, east side, 76 miles from New- York, and 72 from Albany. It is the county town of Dutchess. The principal portion of the village is hid from the river. The streets are neatly kid out, and shaded with ornamental trees. A fine creek with many mill privile- ges, run along the north part of the village, aflbrding ' many in-st rate sites for manufactories: several of which are already in successful operation. Poughkeepsie stands among the foremost river towns in the extent of its bu- siness, and wealth of its inhabitants. Hyde Park, east side, Dutchess co. 82 miles from New- York, and CG from Albany. The village of Hyde Park is near the centre of the township, but there are several landing places oii the river. It is a beautiful township oi land, and noted as being the residence of se- veral gcnllemen of eminence, wealth and taste. Rhinebeck, east side. Diiti'h"=-« r-i nA__-i- r o I ' ini i k "4 ■1 m HMi!'! 26 TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS, Kinsrstoii — I'alHkill Mouiiliiiiis York, and 58 from Albany. It was settled by Germans nt an early day. Many of the inhabitants arc tenants to large proprietors, but the great estates are frittering away, and the number of freeholders are gradually in- creasing. Kingston, west side, Ulster co. 90 miles from New- York, and 58 from Albany. It is the county seat, and lies three miles west of the Hudson from Kingston Lan- ding, which is opposite to Khinebeck. Before it was burnt by the British in 1777, it was called Esopus. It was settled by the Dutch, in IC16. On the south bounds of the township of Kingston, Walkill creek passes into the Rondout, which here enters the Hudson. One mile from the river is the termination of the Delaware and Hudson canal. Lower Red Hook Landing, east side, Dutchess co. is 9G miles from New-York, and 52 from Albany. — There is an Upper Landing of this name, and a Post- Office at each. The township is wealthy, and among its inhabitants are some of the oldest and most considerable names of the State. Several branches of the Livingston family reside here, and their seats are distinguished by choice of location and elegance of structure. Saugerties, west side, Ulster co. 103 miles from New- York, and 45 from Albany. The village is a mile west of the Landing. Catskill, west side, Greene co. 112 miles from New- York, and 36 from Albany. A line of stages run from here to Ithaca, as well as from Newburgh. Tasscngers intending to visit the Pine Orchard, which is distant about 9 miles irom the Hudson, and is elevated 3000 feet A I jrerinans tenants rittering lally in- im New- seat, and ton Lan- e it was opus. It h bounds isses into One mile ware and chess CO. Llbany. — d a Post- among its msiderablc Livingston fuished by rom New- ile west of rom Ncw- I run from Passengers is distant a 3000 fuel l;i I I NIACAl^A PALLS AND CANADA. 27 Hudson — Atliciis — 0\ erHluiijrli. above tide wafer, disembark at this place. The Moun- tain H0U8C, and the majestic* scenery of the Catskill Mountains, are nnich frequented by travellers. The city of Hudson, east side, 111) miles from New- York, and 29 from Albany, is the capital of Columbia county. Considerable foreign commerce is carried on from this city, and especially the whaling business has been j)r()secutcd with much energy. Those who visit hvhnium Springs, aiul the Slinker's village, debark here, atid take the Jludson and Borkehire railroad, which runs through Lebanon, and conveys passengers to the Springs for $1 ,()2|, The water of these Springs is at the uniform temperature of 72^ Fahreidieit. It is agitated by a con- stant ennssion of nitrogen and azotic gas, and the place is bcconu'ngone of considerable .esort. Athens, 119 nu"les from New- York, and 29 from Alba- dy, lies opposite Hudson, in Greene co. It is incorpora- ted, and the village rises pleasantly from the river. Here is the dose of ship navigation. Coxsackie, west side, Greene co. 127 miles from New- York, ajul 21 from Albany. Kinderhook Laiuling, east side, Columbia co. 132 miles from New- York, and 16 from Albany. New Baltimore, west side, Greene co. 134 miles from New- York, and 14 from Albany. Coeymans, west side, Albany co. 137 miles from New- York, and 11 from Albany. Schodack Landing, Rensselaer co. 138 miles from New- York, and 10 from Albany. The Overslaugh, 145 miles from New- York, and 3 from Albany, is a shallow and difficult part of the river, i 'f^l^w ! 28 TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS, Ciiy of Albiiiiy. where vcBsels are often grounded, and the larger class of Steamboats are occasionnUy obliged to stop, ntul have their passengers conveyed to the city by smaller boats. i! I \i I- 1,1 THE CITY OF ALBANY. " Co forth into the fioMs, Ye denizens of tlio- pent city's mart '. Go forth and know tlie jiladness nature yiehlg To the cure wearied heart." The capital of the State of New- York is in latitude 42° 39' 99'' north. In magnitude and importance, it is the eecond city in the State. At Albany, travellers usually make such stay as their amusement, business or interest demands. Few leave the city by the first conveyance after their arrival. The ob- jects of interest about the city are first to be seen, some business is to be performed, or some new arrangements to be made for the further prosccul ion of their journey. As the tour to the Springs is not direct to the Falls of Ni- agara, the different routes will be here distinctly described to the traveller. During his stay at Albany, if he takes the subject into consideration, by having the necessary in- formation before him, he will be better enabled to make up his mind as to his future progress. h] w NTAOAriA FALLS AND CANADA. 29 f^cheiuTtJ'.dy — IJallsloii iSpa. r class of tiave their l9 atilude 42° 3, it ie the ny as their vv leave the :. The ob- seen, some igemente to rncy. Falls of Ni- ly described if he takes lecessary in- to make up ROUTE TO SAIIAT0(^A RPRLXGS, FROM ALBANY, VIA SCHENf^CTADY. Tbo railrond oflipo f )r Scbciicotndy and wcetorn coun- try, and for Snraloga, will be readily found, at the upiicr i !l i . 1 The railroad fare from Albany through to Utica is $3,75. The distance is 94 miles; and to Syracuse 147. After passing the uninteresting pine hills from Albany, the cars descend the inclined plane to the city of Schenec- tady, which is 16 miles from Albany, and 131 from Syra- cuse; they stop in the spacious depot in that place, and the passengers change their seals to the cars that carry them through to Utica. NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA. S3 i I will ace Dfislnnlly )aTiy nml in<^8, but cd thcm- ^cry dcsi- uid Sarn- ,2o nioro ?xtrn ex- e. to Al- ii a Bum rhe time le conse- dny, will ALLS. is $3,75. Albany, Schencc- Dm Syra- ilace, and hat carry Atiistertlairi — Fonda -- Rocktoii. The ride through the valley of the Mohawk is extremely pleasant. Many villages are passed, some of them memo- rable for revolutionary events; others are just springing into existence, and are dietinguished by their new and fresh appearance. An.slenlam, Montgomery county, is 32 miles from Al- bany, and 115 from Syracuse. The village is of old date; of late years it has taken a new start, and it is in a thri- ving condition. Fonda, 42 miles from Albany, and 105 from Syracuse, '8 a new place of two or three years growth onl-; it is the county scat of Fulton, a county lately formed irom Mont- gomery. The court house is a very respectable building, an<' the prospects of general improvement appear favorable. Here is an excellent eating house for railroad passengers — they stop ten minutes; the same at Amsterdam, St. Johns- vilk and Little Falls, for the purposes of refreshment. Though it is not customary for travellers in this country to dispense with a single meal, yet the effects of the ride on the railroad, and the attractions of the luxuriously spread tables are such at these houses, that the passengers usually cat, as if they had not broken their fast before for a week. St. Johnsville, a small village, 63 miles from Albany, and 84 from Syracuse, is noted to railroad travellers by its house of refreshment. Rockton, or Little Falls, Herkimer county, is 73 miles from Albany, and 74 from Syracuse. This place has abun- dance of fine mill seats. The Mohawk is here broken by many httle islands and rocks past which it descends with much force, forming a variety of cascades and little falls. An acqucdact bridge crosses the river to the Erie canal. #1 MHi h - 1 I 34 TOrR TO SAKATOdA SPRTNOS, rticn _ Uoiiu^— Svriu'usp. The very wild and bold Hccnnry nroiiiid llookton, uinkcB it a Bpot whicli the IravcUcr looks ii|)oii with Krcnt interest. Herkimer, Si) miles from Albnny, nad ()7 from Syrneiisc, is n post town on the Gcrmnii Flats. The city of Ulicn, the enpilal of Oneida county, is i)4 miles from Albnny, and 53 from Syracuse. The central Bitualion of this city has long given it a conmianding trade. An unostentatious opuleiux-, niul a happy competency, arc the characteristics of a large portion of its inhnbitnnts. At Utica the traveller purchases a ticket in the oflice of the Depository at which the cars stop for Syracuse, at $2, the distance of 53 miles. The route of the Syracuse road goes through Whites- town, distant 100 miles from iVlbany, and 49 from Syra- cuse, situated on a level near the M(»hnwk river. The v" Inge of Rome, formerly Fort Stnnwix, is 107 miles from Albnny, and 40 from Syracuse. The Fort was built by the British, in 1758. After the revolutionary war, it was cnlled Fort Schuyler. Its ruins are slightly discernable, near the bnidv of the Mohawk river. The road passes through some other small villages that are springing up at different intersecting thoroughfares. Syracuse, is 53 miles from Utica, by the railroad. This place has grown into importance since the construction of the Erie canal, and has become the county seat of On- ondaga. The manufacture of salt is here carried on ex- tensively, both by boiling the water and by evaporation. More than one hundred acres are covered with sheds and vats for evaporating; and the salt thus made is consid- ered superior. Syracuse is a central point for travellers; in going west NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA. iimkcs it tcrest. iyrneiisc, ly, is i)4 3 cent ml 11^ trnde. ipotcncy, inbilnnts. ice of the I $2, the Whitrs- m Syia- c, is 107 F«irt wns lulionnry 3 slightly igcs that fnres. d. This uction of t of On- d on ex- iporntion. sheds and s consid- aing west 85 t'annl Trav ■m i I f ; 1 i 1 1 I •3 36 TOUR TO SARATOr.A HPRINCff, ^^m\ ' Canal Truvclling. "\ ^H Miles from Miles Croiii Miles li 11 . 1 I^^H HyrucuHC. Hocliesier. iiOrliC:^ ^^H' 14 . . . Cnnlon, nondaga co. • • '^^ 27 . ^H 20 . . . Jordan, >> . . 79 1 35 . ^^H i 26 . . . Wecdsport, Cayuga co. . . 73 \ 39 . ^^^^H 27 . . . Con Ire Port, >> . . 72 44 . ^^^^^^^y i ,, 29 . . ir . 35 . . . Port Byron, )> . . 70 45 . ^H . Montc/iima, 1* . . 04 51 . ^H 46 . . . Clyde, Wayne co. . . 53 03 . ^H 55 . . . Lyons, ** . . 44 Fron ^H 61 . . . Lockvillc, »• . . 38 I i ccn ^H i ^ 02 . . . Newark, M . . 37 slop tei ^H M 65 . . . Port Gibson, ' Ontario co. . . 34 at the . ^^^^^^^1 70 . . . Palmyra, >> . . 29 Lewist ^^H( : i! ^ 81 . . Fairport, >» . . 18 loconio ^^1 83 . . . Fill lam's Basin Monroe co. . . . 10 The ^H 89 . , . Pittstbrd, )) . . 10 Ridge ^H 1 ' , 99 . . . Rochester, »» • • the disf ^H ! : At the city of Rochester, there is again puse nted to the The ^H 1 1'' traveller difTerent routes and conveyances to Ni agara Falls, Milos fr( ^ Iloclicsl ^H vii. .ock port. . ^H ; First, tt continuance by the cnnnl — a boat lei ivcs shortly 11 . ^H ; ;j , after the arrival of the eastern boat. The fare is from $2 19 . ^H ij- ^ to $2,50 to Lockport; the disl ance 63 miles. 35 . ^^B •: ' The vi llages passed are — 40 . H^H 1 IMilos froii 1 iMilcs to 43 . ; ' llniilicster • Lockpori. ^H y i: 10 . . . Spencer's Basij 1, Monroe co. . . . 53 53 . ^H ;::'■ 12 . . . Ogden, >» . . 51 :. 61 . ^B 15 . . . Adams, >i . . 48 1 And ^H .plr' 20 . . . Brockport, »> . . 43 1 The ^^1 - ^ . 9i% . . . Hnllnv. Ol'lenns co. . . 2S ^ , lavia, G ^^^^H 1 '^- ' J , \*f ■ MAfJARA FALLS ANL CANADA. 37 MiU',4 from Itoi'linsKT. . 85 . 7J) . 7:i . 72 . 70 . f)4 . 53 . 44 . 38 . 37 . 34 « f^*y . 18 . IG . 10 • ted to the i,fara Falls, vcs shortly is from ^2 IMilcs to Lockporl, 51 48 43 38 liockporl and Nia»(iira Full-i llailroarl. Murrny, Alliiori, Portvillo, Oiik Orchard, Modinn, Miihilcport, Lockjjorf, Orleans co. » n it Nia 18 8 And to tho Falls, by railroad, 24 miles. The third route from Rochester, is by railroad, to Ca- (I m\ , lavia, Gcncaec county; fare, for 32 m\\v». ia *! r^\ n: From ,A i] dl l l|)| ' '»IW I »l|'WII!'iW l lll ll III 38 TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS, Coiupurutive ExpeiiscH. Ihencc by singe '.^2 miles, iiire $\,^yO, 1o Loekporl. Or to Bullhlo, o9 niik-B, fare $2,50. And Iroiii theiicc by rail- road, or Btenmbonl, lo Niagara Falls, 22 miles, fare 87 J cent 8. These routes present to the traveller the following rc- Bulls, as to expense: The first route from lloehester, by packet, to Lockport, and railroad from thence to the Falls, the cost is $3,47 and board, 63 miles. 2d. Stage by the Ridge road and railroad, $3,47. 3d. Railroad to Balavia, stage to Lockport, «fcc. $3,97. 4th. Railroad to Batavia, stage to BuiValo, and railroad to the Falls, $4,87J. ROUTE FROM SYRAtiUSE, BY LAKE ONTARIO. iiiif: Hill ■ Packet boat, or stage, to Oswego, at the month of Os- wego river, on Lake Ontario, 38 miles; fare, $1,50. From thence by steamboat, to Lewiston, on (he Niagara river, 150 miles; fare, $4. From thence to the Falls, by rail- road, 7 miles; fare 50 cents. As it is desirable to see Lake Ontario, and to pass over its deep green waters, either in going up or returning, it is reconmicnded to take this route, li' the tourist goes \o Canada, the canal, or land route had bettor be taken in going to the Falls, and the lake in pawaing down, or rc- 15 NrAOARA FALLS AND CANADA. )rl. Or to cc by rail- ?, fare 87J llowing rc- > Lockport, $3,47 and 15,47. Xsc. $:.{,97. 11(1 ruihoad 39 Kates of Fare — Dislfiiict^fl. turmiig. T.) persons bound to tbc cily of Bufiiilo, or to (lio Upper J.fikcH, Ibis is a pleasant and expeditious route, and in an e(;onoinieaI point of view, botb as to time and money, preferable; and travellers on busincBs will bavo an oi)i)ortunity of seeinor ibe Falls without ex- Vi'UBOy and without going out of their way. The time tlic proprietors ndvertise to carry passengers from Syracuse to Niagnra Falls, is 2-2 hours; and to Bufialo, in tbc short space of 2'.H hours. ROUTE FROM SYRACUSE, RY AUBURN. STAKIO. i)u(h of Os- ,50. From igara river, ills, by rail- to pass over eturning, it, rist goes to be taken in own, or rc- To Auburn, 2(5 miles, by railroad; fare, .f 1,25. From Auburn to Canndnigua, the conveyance is by stage; tho distance is 37 miles, and the villages it passes through are, JMilcs from Au!)urii, 9 . 11 . 15 . 21 . 37 . Miles Jo Canaiulaigua. . . 28 . . 2G . . 22 . . 16 4 . . Cayuga Bridge, Cayuga co. . . Seneca Falls, Seneca co. . . Waterloo, " . . Geneva, Ontario co. . . Canandaigua, " From Canr.ndaigiia, this routes divides again into two one leading to Rocheatcr, by railroad, 20 miles; faro $l,12i; where the traveller will take one of the routes alrcatly described, from that city to the Falls. r-!!!|!r:'^r't;;i);n:Sttg*~!'s*^K 40 il il.l I Pi I TOUR TO SARATOGA BPRINGS, Avon Spritifrs, Or if he pleases, he may take the road to Buffalo by Btage, distance 88 inilce, and pass through the following villages: Miles from Milos to Caiiaiulaigua. Bulialo. >> ♦» 80 75 70 65 C3 8 . . . East Bloomfield, Ontario co. 13 . . . West Bloomfield, 18 , t . Lima, Livingston co. 23 , , , East Avon, 25 . , . Avon, [Two miles north of Ihis village arc Ihe Avon Springs. J They are sulphurous. The ncct)mniodations for visitors nre such as are required, and Ihose Springs of late years have been growing in favor with the public] 33 . . , Caledonia, Livingston co. 39 . . . Le Roy, Genesee co. 43 . . . Stafford, 49 . . . Batavia, 56 . . . East Pembroke, 62 . . . Pembroke, 70 . . . Clarence, 78 . . . Williamsville. 88 . . . City of Buffalo. N. B. On some routes the price of fare is not esti- mated, as on such it has been found to vary at different periods it has been travelled over, upon the distance en- gaged for, and for other causes, satisfactory to the propri- etors of the differejit lines, if not to the traveller. i» If •I" Erie CO. *t 55 49 45 39 32 26 18 10 91 I J. t Buffalo by 5 following Milos to Bulialo. . 80 . 75 . 70 . 65 . C3 111 Springs. for visitors late years . 55 . 49 . 45 . 39 . 32 . 26 . 18 . 10 • 8 not esti- it different ietancc en- tlie propri- NIACfARA FALLS AND CANADA. 41 J)istiincc.s from UurtUlo. THE CITY OF BUFFALO. or Ihis rising city of Iho West, of the high OBpirations <»t ilsntizcne, of its connnanding position as to comincr- cAnl advantages, of tlie proud eminence to which it has already risen, and to the high destiny of its future pros- perity and greatness, it is not in this volume necessary to fipeak. It is suflicientto say, that it is admitted by all, lliat there is no location that can become its rival, and no untoward circumstances, can but for a short period retard • tfi onward course. The City of the Lakes, as it should be cnlled, already rising beautifully over the deep green wa- ters, is an object cheering to the mind and delightful to the eye of the tourist. As the main chamiel of travel to the great west is through this city, some information as to distances beyond Buffalo, will here be given. Steamboats leave BuHiiio every evening and morning; and a stage leaves every morning for the west. The price of cabin passage on the steamboats to Detroit is eight dol- lars, and intermediate jiorts in projjortion. The distances to various points on the lakes arc— Miles. From Buffalo to Dunkirk, ...... 45 " Portland, 60 ;; ;; Ene.. ....... 90 Salem, jjg Ashtabula, 130 I* *■ Grand River, 153 Cleveland, 133 4* ■I li itf^ I m ■Wi 42 TOUR TO BARATOOA SPRINGS, (ioiiij; from Niag.'irii Fiills. ■ ~ Miles. From 13ii(r»ilo to Huron, 235 SQiidiisky, 250 Detroit, 810 " " Mackinaw, 600 " " Green Bay, 750 " " Chicago, 1000 For furflicr information to emigrants and travellers who are bound west from the city of Buffalo, " Steele's Wes- tern Guide Book" is recommended as a very useful work. Pi i ! ! i 1|! ! ^M ! i I i It ' ^ III Iff,. ROUTES FROM NIAGARA FALLS, THROUGH CANADA. Travellers, when in the western pari of the State of New- York, frequently come to the conclusion to make a tour in Canada, and not having provided themselves with suitable directions, at times require information which they find it very difficult to obtain. For the convenience of those who wish to extend their journey beyond the Falls, the following information has been brought together. The Falls, of late years, have become very justly the great centre of attraction, which usually receive the first visit of tourists, and thence they branch off to scenes of less magnitude, as business or curiosity leads them. The city of Buffalo is the place of general embarkation for all the countries, lakes, and rivers beyond. The traveller car* reach Buffalo from the Falls, on the Canada nnrl Miles. 235 250 310 600 750 1000 i^ellcrs who cle's Wes- eful work. LOU Gil e State of to make a 3elve8 with tion which ctend their matiou has l^ears, have ion, which hence they jusiness or mbarkation ond. The av nada i NIAGARA PALLS AND CANADA. 43 St. Catherines — Haiiiiltoii. Bide, by stage or raih'oad, to Chippewa, two miles, and 1 hence by steamboat, twenty miles; or, by crossing the ferry at the Falls, to the American side, he will find it iilcnsnnt travelling on 1 he Buffalo and Niagara Falls rail- road, as a considerable portion of the route runs by the eidc of the river. It is usual for person,? visiting Maiden, «aiul\vich, or other portions of Canada west of those places, to take steamboat from Buffalo. Jf the tourist confines his ramble within a short com- pass, there are, in the vicinity of the Falls, several places that may attract his attention, not mentioned in the jaunt to Canada, in the after part of this work. AIlGiisburgJi, 8 miles west from the Falls, and 596 from Quebec, is a smoll village on the Wellond canal; a good rond leads to H, which passes llirough a fine country. St. Davids, 6 miles nortji from ihc Fulls, and 588 from Quebec, is a pretty, retired village; it lies below the mountain ridge, 2 mileg west of Queenston. The Deep Cut, 8 miles west from the Falls, and 596 from Quebec, has its name from the circumstance of the W(;llnnd canal, at this place, being cut nearly 100 feet in the mountain. St. Catherines, is 10 miles west from the Falls, and 595 from Quebec. The Welland canal runs through it. It is a thriving village, and of considerable business. Hamilton, is west 40 miles, by land, and 50 miles by steamboat navigation from Niagara, and 630 from Quebec. It is near the head of Lake Ontario. It is situated on a beautiful plain, skirted on one side by the mountain and on the other by the green meadow lands lying between it and the lake. It is one of the first class of Towns in the ! t 11 i . li I 44 TOITR TO HAIIATOGA SPRINGS, I' If 'i 'U l ";i: 1,1 lliii Uraiilford — Toronto. Upper Provincp, and is n very business like plnce, con- taining nluMil oOOO iiilinbitnnte. Brantford, on Grand River, is 25 miles fiirlhcr, and is 65 miles from tlic Falls, and 080 from Quebec. Along Ihe borders of (Jrand River reside Ibo renmant of the Mobawk Indians, vvbo, mider Rrant, baving taken sides witb Ibo Brilisb govorinnent, in tbc revolutionary war, bad a large tract of land allotted to tbem on tbc borders of (bin river. Tberc is a line of stages wbicb run daily from liowis- lon and Queenslon, tbrougb Canada to Detroit, jjassing ; tbrougb SI. Davids, St. Catbcrines, Jianjilton, Ancas- ter, Brantford and Jjondon. Toronto, is 44 miles from Ibo Falls, on the nortbern side of tbc lake, and 100 miles by land, and 550 from Quebec. It contains about 12,000 inbabitants. It is built by tbc side of tbe bay of tbe same name. Tbe for- tifications are at a sbort distance from tbe city, on a point of land wbicb conunands (be entrance into tbe harbor. Tberc are several well built streets in Toronto, and many gov- ennnent and other buildings of ample dimensions and in good style. Tbe College at this place is well endowed, and is a well conducted and an excellent institution. Tbc precincts around tbe city are handsomely improved. Or- chards, gardens, and tbc dwellings of wealthy peojile arc seen in every direction. The lands about Toronto arc very fertile, and for many miles in all directions, the country is well populated by able farmers. Travellers from tbe American or British side, can cm- bark on board of steamboats at Lcwiston or Queenslon, 7 miles from the Falls, and 585 from Quebec, or at any plnce, con- hcr, nnd is oc. Along mill of the Inkoii sides (uiaiy wnr, the borders om liowis- »i1, ]m8sijig an, Ancas- e northern I 550 from Ills. It is The for- n n poiiit of )or. There nmny gov- ons and in 1 endowed, tion. The 3ved. Or- peojile are oronto are ctions, the 3, can cm- leension, 7 or at any NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA. 45 m Oswego— Kiiifr.sion. of the i)ort8 on the river below, for Hnmilton, Toronto, Kingston, or from the American ports on the lake, or of the St. Lawrence. If the tourist desires to go to the Lower Province, he will take a steamboat from the Nia- gara river, or, if he prefers an overland route, he can take the railroad cars, and pass through the villages of Pekin and Lockport, 24 miles from the Falls, and 5C9 from Quebec; thence by packet or stage, and railroad, to the cily of Rochester, the whole distance 85 miles, and 507 from Quebec. Those travellers who did not come to the Falls by this route, will find it a very pleasant one on their return. The ride on the railroad, along the brow of the mountain is delightful. The great combined locks at Lockport, and the thousands of laborers now engaged in blasting the rocks and excavating the earth fbr the enlarged canal, are well worth seeing. The number, too, of beautiful and flounshmg villages along this route -the rich and pros- perous country- the city of Rochester -the great acque- duct-the falls of the Genesee river -are all objects of great interest. At Rochester the tourist is again on the great thoroughfare of travel; and stages, railroad cars and packet boats, are ready for his accommodation. To Oswego, from Lcwiston, by the lake, is 150 miles, and IS L57 from the Falls, and 452 from Quebec To Sacket's Harbor, from Oswego, 40 miles; and is 197 from the Falls, and 412 from Quebec. To Cape Vincent, from Sacket's Harbor, 20 miles Kmgston, Upper Canada, now the capital of both Pro- vmces, lies opposite Cape Vincent, distant 11 miles, and .s 200 mdes from Niagara Falls, and 392 from Quebec. I Irt :'l; I I i 1 li I 1 i i 1 ! 4 46 TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS, Uidcaii Cuiial — Sf. liiiwrrMKn Uivrr. It conlains nhont GOOO inlinbilnnls. This place was for- merly Fort FronliiiQc; it is built on tho northern shore of the St. Lawrence, at its junclion with Lake Ontario. The river is here 10 miles wide. The Thousand Islands commence immediately below Kint^slon, and are scattered in the river for a distance of 50 miles. The fortifications at Kingston are of considerable strength, and in reference to military and naval operations, it is considered an im- portant point. The Rideau canal commences in the bay; and is five miles from Kingston. It was built at the expense of the British government, and principally for military purpo- ses, in aftbrding an internal communication between the Upper and Lower Provinces. The whole distance from Kingston, by the Rideau canal, to Montreal, is 280 miles. There is a variety of r 3rc8ting objects along the canal — the Rideau and Ottawa rivers, the cataract of the Chau- dire, the Rideau falls, extensive lakes, and some pleasant villages. By the St. Lawrence, the conveyance is by steamboat to Dickerson's Landing, 110 miles, passing Miles from Niagara Falls. 250 . Ikockvillc, Upper Canada, Morristown, St. Lawrence county, N. Y. 270 . Prcscott, Upper Canada, . . . I . Ojjdensljiirgh, St. Lawrence county, N. Y. 310 . From Dickerson's Landing, by stage, 12 miles, to 322 . Cornwall, Lower Canada, .... 363 . Thence by steamboat 41 m. to Coteau du liac, li. C 379 . Thence by stage 16 miles, to Cascade, L. C. 103 . Thence by steanilioat 24 miles, to lia Chicn, L. C. 112 =. Thence bv stage 9 miles, to Montreal, , . Miles to Ciuebec. JM2 320 282 270 . 229 213 IF!) 180 NfAr.ARA PALLS AND CANADA. ice was for- Drii shore of vG Ontario, and Islands re scattered brtifications in reference ^rcd an im- and is five lensc of the tary purpo- )etween the stance from 8 280 miles, the canal — ' the Chau- ne pleasant J steamboat Miles to (iuebec. 320 DS, to 2S2 270 •, L. C. 220 213 L. C. IF!) 180 I 47 ;l Moiiireal — Quebec. The distance from Kingston, by the St. Lawrence, to Montreal, is 2)2 miles. The fine scenery along the river, of lakes and lapide, of islands and rocky shores, of wild and picturesque views, of rising towns and elegant seats, and the many scenes made memorable by historical events, always chann and annise the traveller. Besides the many objects which the city of Montreal afTords to attract the attention of r hired guide, visit all the locations and objects of attraction within and around the city. The Falls of Montmorcnei are eight miles northeast of Quebec, on the river of the same name, and near the St. Lawrence; being (iOO miles from Niagara Falls. The height of the Fall is 240 feet, or 72 feet higher than the Falls of Niagara, but the immense volume of water of the great cataract is wanting. The falling sheet is about 100 feet wide, or about the same width as that of the centre fall of Niagara, which passes over Ingrahain's Cave. The great height, however, of these Falls, and the singular beauty which pervades the whole wild and romantic scene, is the admiration of all who have had an opportunity of beholding them. On the route between the Falls of Montmorenci and the city, is the Indian village Lorette. Some beautiful views of the surrounding and distant scenery is afforded from this village. There are several other places in the vicinity of Quebec of considerable interest, which are pohited out to stran- gers, and are frequently visited. In returning, the usual route is back to Montreal — from thence by steamboat to Miles from Miles to 3Iontrcul. Albany. 7 . La Prairie, Lower Canada, ... . . 243 24 . Thence by railroad to St. Johns, L. C. 17 m. 226 33 . By steamboat to Isle Aux Noix, L. C. 14 m. 212 4 1 The c public sf road to ; '>!)cratior bcalrc, and , accjuipa- giiidc, visit wit bin and uorlbcast of d near Ibe brails. Tbo cr tbau Ibc ol" water of icet is about tbat of Ibc Ingrabam's Falls, and le wild and lave had an Qorcnci and ne beautiful | J is afforded y of Quebec ut to etranr Montreal — Miles to Albany. . 243 \ 17 m. ;. 14 m. 212 NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA. 49 Itouto from Alhany lo |]oBtoii. Milea from Montreal. 48 60 75 101 139 , 154 . 178 . 200 . 203 . 223 . To Rouse's Point, L. C. 10 miles, '* Cbazy, Clinton county, N. Y. 12 miles! Miles to Allumy, 202 i> 15 2C 38 15 24 22 3 20 i> M 190 175 140 111 96 72 50 47 Plattsburgh, " Bi-rlington, Vermont, Crown Point, N. Y. Ticonderoga, N. Y. Whiteball, N. Y. Sandy Hill, N. Y. Glen's Falls, N. Y. Saratoga, And from thence to Albany, 38 miles In going to the Springs from the north, the tourist will only depart about 15 miles out of the direct route to Albany. The whole tour from New-York (o Saratoga Snr;„.e N,agara Falls, Q„oboe, and back ,o the .Ty of New! York w,ll comprise a distance of abo.U 1,W0 miles, and may be accompl.shed m the summer season, by hose whose ambition is rapidity of moven.ent, in less than 1(. aays, and at an expense of from $50 to $70. ROUTE PIIOM ALBANY TO BOSTON, (mass.) The citizens of Boston have ovmced a i,reat de^rro ot M.c.^ntind.Wngiorwardtbec^ Z:;^Zj^:^''1'T'''^^ ^^ completed, and ,n ! --i-_r- tM)ni Bo.tn„ to Sprin,ri,eld: uud it Ib expected l\ ,-■ \ ■ I Mtfiil iMlMM 50 ROUTE FROM ALBANY TO BOSTON. Time of IcuvinR Alhiiny — Fare. that from Springfield to Albany, a distance ol" 104 miles, the road will be completed in lees than two years. Be- fore that time, the 34 n.iles of railroad from Batavia to Buffalo, or the 6() mil^q of railroad from Rochester to Lockport will also be tinished. There will then bo a direct railroad conmiunication from Boston to Niagara Falls, and Buffalo, a distance of about 520 miles. The communication now between Albany and Boston is by stages and railroad cars, and the fare through is but $6. From Albany, there are two daily lines of stages.— The Telegrai)h mail leaves at 5 o'clock, P. M. and ar- rives at Springfield the next day in time for the afternoon cars, and goes through to Boston, 204 miles, in 24 hours. The Accommodation coach leaves every morning at 6 o'clock, and arrives at Springfield the same evening to lodge. The passengers are the next day conveyed by railroad to Boston by 12 o'clock. Hi.! .! N. 104 milcfl, rears. Be- Batavia to ochester to then bo a to Niagara. lee. and Boston ough is but '■ I if stageB. — M. and ar- le afternoon n 34 hours, orning at 6 evening to lonveyed by ti i f ' -■ Hi :i.| I! IC ^ @ fe 4 J 1 n U :j D^ :? : Z2ZL ■^i r I J H 1 I ;i! *■'' 1 ' : • - • i » n ® 1 1 s ^ J 'if-y — tfvi"^ lJ "R ^ h U J a H ! J ^ J « 1 XVAt'P ZfausT • ■ i ■ ■ t ^ a 6 I u s i i h a^ iii« p 1 == 1 ' I l:' Jll' ! ill' l-!-'M I Vl 1!'^ IH JA1 Descrip DIRJ SARAl PART II. JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. PUBLIC HOUSES, Description of Springs, Virtue in tlie cure of Diseases 11 DIRECTIONS AS TO DRINKING AND USING THE WATERS. ANALYSIS. BATHING— USE OF THE BATH. SARATOGA VILLAGE — AMUSEMENTS, &c. I ,■ r.i Thc( porters The tra room th( having 1 I better tc hi the c irrcFipoiif bills thr never be Lodgi; the pnrlj like, if i 5 JAUNT TO SARATOGA. ARRIVAL AT THE SPRINGS. " Madam, this way, here is our sitting room. The day is pleasant, Sir — Pray be seated — Happy to serve you — Any orders, Sir ? The baggage? It shall be seen too — A room ? With pleasure ; I'll show you one or more." The cars with the passengers drive into the depot, the porters from the different public houses surround them. The travellers will observe painted on the sides of the room the names of 1he public houses, the porter to each having his appropriate stand. In selecting a house, it is better to depend upon the advertisement of the proprietor in the columns of some respectable newspaper, than the irresponsible recommendation of runners, or of anonymous bills thrust into cars and stages. Those things should never be depended on. Lodgings having been procured to the satisfaction of the party; after ablutions, dressing, rcfreshmcnis and the like, if in health they hasten to the fountains. The first 5* i ■ , \ II ll II! I 54 JAUNT TO SABATOGA SPIIINGS. Visit to Congrosa Spring. "n * r^n.rrPHR Soring; it lias lon«,' Blood aircction -l^-fl'l^-^ZJXi tto southern „art of pre-eminent. It « nea t >^ , ^^ ^^_^ ^^^^.^^_ wbieU hnkta three hnlf phil tmnblerf, l>o d pB m he to :l,anar.»c»tho.parU.:,.s«a,.U.ecU^^^^^^ rise te „3.,any UUen. This is eno„,b nnU the ^siu' has determined upon a mediea conrse of the wa ters- or is informed of their virtuca and etlecis. Hav n, tasted of these delightful waters the v. .tors oft" "eturn to the Main street, in order to visit UJio Springs in a regtUar conrse: they comn.enee at the most eouthern. T, t, at the lower end of Broad- Wasuincton Speiso. - It IS at me wav on Main street, on the west s,de. This Sp ng pu ZsTfme tninoral water; its predominant .nahties are cholvbeate, saline, and earbonie ae.d gas. „._,, n.ese waters are diuretic and catharUe. They arc ZZu to persons who have been much reduced by dlL who ar feeble and languid, without any local or t^ ,«amma,ion, and who arc ^^^^'^^f^'t^^i In. Slowness of f "-"»-' ^f"f;:^'^,X rje::;g:L"rC\::u— tionofthe — :;rri:hfr:r:.-.spring^om.ur to eight tumblers may be used each day. When the operate favorably, an improved appetite will iollow. When 1 JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. 55 g stood part of pring — c frame he foun- itB them is nskcd, One or until the ' the wa- ,e visitors ait all the the most of Broad- Ipring pro- mlities arc They arc reduced by iny local or brile irrita- e remedied tending to They will ation of the ^ >» from four When they tlow. When roluinbiiin and Coriffross S[)rinj;s. they oppress the stomach, cause nausea, hot flushings with diarrhoea, and at times costivcness, they should be imme- diately discontinued. The recreative Garden surrounds the Washington Spring; and the Washington Baths arc supplied with the fresh and mineral water. The CoLUMiuAN Spring. — A few rode to the north- east of the Washington is tlio Columbian Spring. The waters ore similar to the Washington. As there are so many Springs near at hand of a more pojjular character, the waters of this are seldom used. This Spring is in a public park, or pleasure ground; to the cast of the Spring passes the road that leads to the rising ground that is surmounted with a grove of pine, amid which is a circular railroad. Congress Spring. — This Sirring already slightly men- tioned as the one first visited on the arrival of the party, is a short distance from the Columbian. It is convenient to some of the principal hotels, and has as yet been unri- valled for the excellence of its water. It is eagerly sought for abroad, and has been transported to every part of the United States, and to many foreign places. In some parts even in the United States it is sold for a higher price than some qualities of wine. But none can fully appre- ciate its superiority, but those who quail" it at the foun- tain, before any portion of the gas has escaped. The crowd of invalids and fashionables, that are fre- quently in a summer's morning, found around this Spring, is truly surprising; and the quantity of water drank is not only incredible, but in some individual cases quite alarming. It is related that ten quarts have been known ' !l niM III' . litll i^'' ll:'. J 56 JAUNT TO SAF VTOOA SPRTNOR. llainillon nnd rmnam Hprinps. to have been drank by a single individual before break, fast. The mineral combinations of this Spring ^ary in some rcHpccts from the Washington. It holds in solu- tion more magncHia and iron; and of ca.Honic acid gas, the difti cnco is considerable in favor of Congress Spring. The waurs of thi^ Spring, as a medicine, may be used in all cases, w ith propriety, in which the Washington Spring waters are reconnnended; and in i-evcral others. Hamilton Spuing. — Passing to the north on Putnam street, Hamilton Bath House nnd Spring are next observ ed. This water is esteemed as posseesii. superior diur- etic qualities. It is still a little more charged wi gas, has more saline matter and soda, but less ini.^neBui and lime, but the difTerence in thcF- particulars are not con- eiderable. The Baths at this Spring are well fitted up, and nre supplied with both pure and mincrni water. Putnam's Congress Spring. — Pursuing the route along Putnam street, tlif? Spring is next i older. The waters are of a quality equal to any already mentioned; and a Bath Hour' wi1h every suitable convenience, hav- ing also pure and mineral water, is near at hand. The Pavilion Springs. — SHU further, on liie same street, lying in the centre of the ravine, is the Pavilion Springs. In ISriO, some slight appcamnces of a Spring was noticed, and the enterprising own of the property, D. M'Laren, Esq. commenced an excavatii a. He iol- lowed the Springs down for about 35 feet, when the foun- tains gushed up and flowed over the surface. Nothing can be more beautiful than these fountains. They arc but a few feet apart; they boil up with crystillinc purity; they \ !». eforc break, ing ^/ary in Ids in Bohi- ic acid gas, resfl Spring. y be used in i^ion Spring ■8. on Putnam next observ ■ ipcrior diur- ?d wit; gas, mgnesin and arc not con- up, and are I thu route Older. Ttie mentioned; 3nience, hav- md. 3n llie same the Pavilion of a Spring tbe property, Ion. He ii)l- bcn the foun- ce. Nothing They an but ! purity; they JAUNT TO SARATOr.A SPRINGS. 57 I Analysis ofjlio Wntcrs. are not tnrl)cd or yonf-ty, ]m\ air and water Bcem conunin- gledwith a bripbtjicss an, briUinricy altogether indoscri- hahle. The public hnve boon furnished with the following niiaiypp of one of these foimtains. The other is called the Mi-.gneftin Fountain. ♦'Pavilion Fountain— One t,'alIon of this water is found to contain — Chloride r Sodium, . Carbonate of Magnesia, C? bonat(^ Lime, . . Cavbonnto Soda, . . , Oxide Iron, . . . » Iodide ((f Sodium, . . Bromide of Polaswum, Sib"ca, . , . . . Alumina, . . . . Totcl grains. 'ari ni ' acid gas, . . Afmospheric air, . . • » • • * firains. 226.58 62.50 . 60.24 4.70 4,10 2.75 2.75 .62 .25 . 861.74 Cubic inchefl. . 480.01 8.00 Total cubic inches, .... 488.01 JAMES THOMAS." ►Saratoga Springs, A . 12, 18 '' " As to the peculiar me0BBe«s no l^cu^ harity, and are but seldom visit ed, it will bo saihcu u simply to enumerate some of them. The High I^ and aroi The' villngc. Springs a walk 1 The : The ( ten mile The i Lake, prcgnate It wa Spriiigs the Spri no inten within t] yet he fe notice al Springs Wash littk jnt( ^o those 1 ".m JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. 63 Ballsfoii Spa. The Red Sprlvg, about eighty rode east from the High Rock, 80 named from the iron like deposite within and around it. The Ten Springs. — These are about a mile east of the village. They are in the same ravine as the Saratoga Springs, and are of a similar description. To pedestrians, a walk to these Si)ringa is an agreeable excursion. The Ellis Spring, two miles south of the village. The Quaker Si'rixgs, in the eastern part of the town, ten miles from Saratoga. The Sulphur Spring, on the cast side of Saratoga Lake. This Spring is well spoken of; it is deeply im- pregnated with 8ul]ihur, and the water is abundant. i 'i 187 26 X 75 3 330 BALLSTOX SPA. It was not intended to notice any other mineral Springs but those of Saratoga; by omitting to describe the Springs either at Ballston or other places, there is no intention to underrate them — they do not come within the limits the author prescribed for this work; yet he feels it incumbent to add in addition to the slight notice already made of Ballston Spa, that among the Springs yet celebrated at that place, is the Washington Spring. — If.* chalybeate quality is but littU; intermixed with other ingredients, and is valuable ^o those who wish to use a pure water of this description. 04 JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. Ol)Hervations on IMincral Waters. One of the SaiiB Souci Springs is used for its cathartic effects, and to some it is an agreeable and pleasant drnik. The Park Spring, is highly spoken of as being among the best acidulous chalybeate water afforded in this or any other country. r 'I I H (fafc.-a!WjtL'l THE USE OF THE WATERS IN BATHING, AND THE I5ATH IN GENERAL. *♦ Abana ct Parpar, flouves dc Danias, no sont-ils pas nipilleurs que toiitos iRH oaiix d'lsracl! Nc iii'y lavcrois-jc pas bien, ct je deviendrois not .'" Watering places arc not only frequented for the pur- pose of drinking the waters, but also for another consid- eration, often more important in the cure of diseases, the judicious use of the bath; and as the most ample arrange- ments are made at Saratoga for bathing, any directions to visitors would be very incomplete, were this subject omit- ted. As it is dangerous to drink the waters to any great extent, either in good or ill health, without a perfect knowledge of their virtues and powers, so the bath should not be resorted to without possessing some experience or information on the subject. The bather should at least know the kind of bath most suitable, when to be taken, the temperature, and the length of time to remain therein. JAUNT TO SARATOOA SPRINGS. OU iJciirficial etlccts of the I{;,tli The },alh, as a remedy for "di^^J^^^T^;^^ Tl,c a„li,|„i,y of ha(l,i„g, He ccncral prevalence omonrr vinuca 01 the bulh, ,(a Beaswmblo an,l proj.or mo „ro not «ono,aIly appreciated, and b,a litlle regard d. ZZ Z 1 loa^nt 01.. ef.eelual remedy l„ (l,e cure of tl,e manr .ca.a to „,„eU ™,.ki„d i. .„.ject as ,Ue J, ^ , .0 of" ;r;""' '"T""' "'""'""^ '» ">"■""- I all f > f ■™"'- ^'""•SHMOral renovator of the ; I ;7.'=-^'""'" ""l"'™'-" »n give con,for,, I'lo, the A,„encana have paid the lea^t attention to its Doct Bell, i„ hi., hook on hathin,?, observes: " A bath ouse should be dcen.cd of iu.portaaco only secondary « kdchen or a cooking stove, and certainly should take recedencc of rooms idled with eos.ly Lniture at devoted to company keeping." As to the eirects of bathing upon (he human system ef ;: s ° Ti!: rT r"-"'" ■- "^ -Native,;::':; of en ,1 ; ^'" '""'•"' "'"' "-""n ''"ths have not only latn g. The hot bath is held to be highly stimulatinL- n the use of „„ „e baths much depends upon th^] hoar>xt to last. ] ciee sh( Bathe \ food un wipe tl] cient cl( To bo sufHcien A sin, dinarily Soon shock, V body bo should 1] and the 1 of the b iew degri Medici water, e known li JAUNT TO MARATOGA SPRINGS. 71 Huiiahleiiiiicfn-- IJathinp. I or those .n good honnh, i proper hath in nnn.orsion. I he temperature of th. eohl hntliihr ren.ediul purposes, mvres from 50- to 70- Fahrenheit. Some hove ranged It ns low as from 32- lo 05- Fahrenheit. An extraordinary cHli;.ren«.e of opinion exists with wri- crs on the power and effects of the cold hath; one holding hat It IS sUmuIating, the other that it is sedative. The latest authorities are in favor of its sedative effects. Ihe hest time for hathing is allowed to he an hour be- lore dinner, or after the digestion of the morning meal- -xt to this is the morning, .r a .hort time, before break- iast. If a.er the hath the body is cold, moderate exer- CISC should ne u.ed to raise it to its proper temperature. Bathe when the stomach is empty, and not after takmg lood uiitd the digestion is over. Alter leaving the water wipe the body briskly, and imn.ediately dress with sufli- cient clothing to preserve the heallhlul temperature To bathe every other, or third day, is usually ueeounted sufhcient. A single plunge in Ihe cokl bulla i« olic,, cnuugh: ot- dnwrily ,t Bbould not exceed biit u Ibw niiuulcs See,, niter (he glow of wurnXh is fell, ea.,Jed by the shock we should withdraw, „„d not rcmoia until the body becomes chilled. The cent inum.ce in the water .ml theba hsho, d never be used when the temperature ot the body ,8 below the etmidard of health. If it ;. . iow degrees „bove, the bathin,. will be more agreeable. iVIedical professors have prescribed the use of cold vvater, externally, in m„„y eases; they arc generally >^i'own by an ...xeited ac„„n of the blood: ,o ,',an,tl .:!.««M'- H' J f ■ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V iUo {./ :/. :/, 1.0 I.I |5 1.8 1.25 1.4 1==== 1.6 „ 6" _ ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 m^. &> ^ ^\ /^o V -i-^; .f Mia 72 JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. Cases ill which tho Cold Katli may l)c used. lions internal, ns well as extcrnnl. Some of the most enlightened members of the profession, consider the ap- plication of cold, in some cases, as highly importont, and at times, a valuable substitute for blood letting. It is suitable to persons in good health, to the fleshy, to the temperate, and to those who use suitable exercise. It is injurious to thin habits, old men, children, cold constitutions, and those live who intemperately and use no exercise. It is dangerous in a state of perspiration, after vomiting, purging, watching, and to those who arc not accustomed to at. In nervous diseases, as they arise from different causes, cold bathing may be useful in some coses, and injurious in others Washing the head in cold water has aggravated the heaviness and pain. Bathing the feet in cold water is injurious to the dyspeptic and hypochondraic. An occasional cold sponging is useful to the sedentary, engaged in close and confined apartments, at the desk^ or study — who complain of troublesome heat, and dry- ness of the hands, and sometimes of the feet, with quick pulse and thirst. Cold washings and affusions in cases of wounds, bruises, and even old sores, when used persevering! y, liave hod the best effects in allaying pain and inflammation; and in many instances, have effected wonderful cures in cases almost hopeless. The cold bath has been successfully used in scorlet fever; and in pains accompanied with eruptions, called miliary, cold affusions have been used advantageouely. ^NT TO SARATOGA SPRINGP. 73 Sun atroke- Lightning and Electricity." ^ In spit mg of blood from tbe lunge, the cold bath has of o2 Fahr. applied to the cheat of a patient with this disease, arrested the flow of blood, without any accom- panying or subsequent inconvenience. In vomiting of blood, and in bleeding from the bowels, pdes, and hemorraghage - cold affusions to the portion of the body affected has proved servicable. The burning of the skin from the sun's rays, the ac compnnying head-ache, violent fever, and delirium, and sometimes insensibility, constituting what is called a suns stroke,"- repeated cold affusions, when freely used, have had the best effect. Poisoning from opium and narcotics. In injuries by lightning, or when struck by the electric fluid, several pails of cold water having been thrown on the sufferer, animation and life have been restored. In convulsions and spasmodic diseases, the cold bath has been greatly resorted to. Obstinate constipation of the bowels, has frequently been relieved by cold afliiaions. To be used, however, in cases where there is much heat and irritation and when no danger exists of stopping perspiration. The same has been used to good effect, in inflammation of the joints, dislocations and fractures. Females with cold skins ar.d phlegmatic habits, and exhausted by previous disease, and who are clear of fever wdl be injured by cold bathing. Palsy of the tongue, or loss of voice, has been cured by the cold bath. .^. u °"y ^^^r^«t'on from intemperance, the cold bath should not be used for some days. 7 '74 JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. Tepid and Warm Batlit*. THE TEPID BATH. Of this, little need be eaid, as it ranges between the cold and warm ; or between 70" and 0*2° Fahrenheit, and its effects are altogether intermediate. THE WARM BATH. t i: ,1,1 I ,1 I, I ! 'lit The success of the warm l)ath depends upon the well regulated temperature of the bath, the time of taking if, and on exercise and regimen. The limits of the warm bath are between 92° and 98* Fahrenheit. A thermometer shnidd bo in every ba1hiii| room, by which the temperature should l)e regulated, and not always by the sensations of the batht^r. In general, the water should be brought to a lukc-warni state to the arm, fooling neither hot nor cold. After the bath is entered it may be raised to its proper tempera- ture. Whether the warm bath is to prove pleaaurable, beneficial, or hurtful, depends mainly on its temperature. For those in health, the best temperature is that state which produces the most agreeable seneations. This is ordinarily found to be between 93° and 95° Fahrenheit. Of the two it is better to have the bath rather cool than warm. If entered too warm we lose the power of judging the degree of heat most bencficiaU i JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. 76 ween the heit, nnd the well nking if, ond 98^ / ba11iin| cgnlalcd, kc-wnrni \iler the tcmpera- asurable, pciatiire. hat state This is enheit. Lhcr cool power of TJic urcut cxocllnncf of the Warm Hath. Though the bath be of the same degree as the animal heal, ycf after a few minutes imm. rsion the heat of the body will be very mate.. Jly increased. The bath may be used before breakfast, or dinner, but never immedialely after eating. An hour or so before dinner, after the digestion of the morning meal, seems to be most generally recommended. Suitable, though not severe exercise should follow the use of the bath. The apprehension of being chilled, and suffering from cold by expoeiirc to the open air, after the warm bath, is not well founded; the usual occupations of life can be l)ursucd through the remainder of the day, not only with- out injury, but with renewed animation. The air in the bath house should be agreeably warm. With this precaution and suitable clothing, there is no more danger of going into the cold air after the use of the bath, than from a warm bed in a winter's morning. The body in both cases is refreshed, and is truly more able to resist the cold. Doct. Coffin, of Boston, from whose treatise a portion of the compilation on this sub- ject is taken, observes: << I have taken the warm bath in the warmest and coldest seasons of the year, more with a view to observe its effects on my own health, than need of its restorative influence; and I can truly pay, after bathing in both extremes of weather, that I have been equally and uniformly less sensible of the inconvenience from heat or cold. I have always felt more light, cheer- ful and active, and more inclined and better fitted for a full and successful employment of the powers of mind and body." Among the means of preserving beauty, as ■I m 1i ' f I, '.! I I ■ lli i ...HI 76 JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPR1N08. Duration of tho Warm Halli. well ns health, a lady recommcndB, that by such abhitionB ** all accidental impurities arc thrown off; cutaneous ob- Btructions removed; and while the surface of the body is preserved in its original brightness, many threatening disorders are checked or prevented. By f=uch means the women of the cast preserve their health which sedentary confinement would otherwise destroy." Darwin eays: ** To those who are past the meridian of life, and begin to be emaciated, the warm batli, for half an hour, twicd a week, I believe eminently serviceable in retarding the advances of age." ^ The effects of the warm bath arc tranquilizing, it allays excitement, moderates excessive heat, invigorates after the fatigue of a journey, and always refreshes and renovates. The duration of the warm bath is much longer than the cold. It may be continued from half an hour to an hour; some have even taken a short and pleasant sleep in it. Though the most suitable time for using the bath is considered to be in the fore part of the day, yet it may be used in the evening, after the fatigue of travelling through the heat and over dusty roads; but not upon a full stomach. A part only of the cases in which it is used medicin- ally, are the following: Morbid sensibility; acute pain alone, or accompanied with irregular and convulsive action of the muscles. Convulsions of children; hysterical alToctions of females; cholic, from the simple spasmodic to the bilious and pain- ters. JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. 77 blutions C0U8 ob- body is calcning cnna tho edontary in eays: id begin twice a ling the izing, it /igorates shcs and gor than iir to an int Bleep 3 bath ifl t it may ravelling t upon a medicin- )mpanied lee. ■females; md pain- Its medical use. Cramp in the stomach, and obstinate costivenees of the bowels. Warm bathing, and fumigations with cloths dipped in warm vinegar or simple warm water, will greatly relieve the pain. It is the readiest and surest re- lief to be offered in this dangerous and painful disease. Mania, and mental derangement, in which extreme wakefulness, and dry skin, are predominant symptoms. Infantile cholera, and cholera morbus ; dysentery and diarrhoea, more particularly of the chronic kind. Warm bathing is adapted to all diseases of the respira- tory organs. Catarrh and influenza, whether in the first stages or seated, are greatly mitigated, and at times completely cured. Bronchitis, especially of the sub-acute; asthma, ner- vous or spasmodic; organic affections of the heart; chro- nic inflammations of the liver. The most obstinate eruptions of the skin have yielded to this remedy. When there is much heat and itching, the temperature of the bath should not exceed 90° Fah- renheit. In the early stage of fevers, a warm bath would fre- quently go far to arrest the disorder. Recent suppression of respiration; pains in the mus- cles. The sickly sensibility and pains which often foljow after a mercurial course, are very happily abated by the warm bath. 7* ^^■i in 78 JAUNT TO SARATOOA SPRINGS. P pi fin ft H H 1, l.l 'viiiJ The Hot and Vapor Baths. THE HOT BATH. The hot bath is gencrnlly undcrslood lo be of a heal exceeding 98" Fahrenheit. It is highly stimulating and i8 often violent, and marked in its eficcta on the human body. There are few cases in which the hot bath can be used with utility. It enfeebles; and is pernicious to weak and delicate persons. The sanguinary and robust; those of full habits and large heads, and who are inclined to be drowsy after ex- ercise, or any exertion, after a meal; those who are liable to spitting of blood; or whose skins are very sen- sitive to heat — should avoid the hot bath. Persons in good health had better omit it. The advantages of the hot bath in some long con- tinued affections of the skin, hns been admitted by practitioners; and, in a vast number of other cases, it has been judiciously applied; but, without a full know- ledge of its use, or medical advice, it would be best not to resort to it. THE VAPOR BATH. '* The od'rous drug, the blazing Home consumes In wary clouds ascend its rich perfumes; Mildly, perspiring prone, the bather lies, While round his form luxurious vapors rise." There are two kinds t)f this bath; one of simple watery vapor, or hot dry air; the other medicated or compound, holding in solution various medicinal substances. TAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. 79 Vapor Bath for tlip, Hydroiiholiia. It is necessary, in many coses, to exclude the head from the vapor; and especially so, when the compounds are of a deleterious qualify. When the head is exposed to the simple vapor, the stimulating effects of the bath are greatly increased. The temperature of a simple vapor bath varies from 90» to 150O Fahrenheit. Vapor acts upon the surface, and produces nearly the some effects as sponging or fomentation. The information as to the medical effects of the vapor bath i& limited, though from the earliest ages, and in modern times, it has been much used. In cutaneous diseases, this remedy is considered valua- ble. Ulcers, are greatly benefitted by moist vapor alone, or in alternation with sulphurous and mercurial fumi- gations. It is useful in tumnfactiona of the lymphatic glands, especially those of a scrofulous nature along the neck. In painful affections of the joints, whether chronic, gout or rheumatism, it proves useful. Chronic glandular inflations of the liver and pancreas, and tumafactions of the epleen, are often much relieved, and at times effectually cured. Chronic afFections of the digestive passages, muscular rigidity, suspended animation, and some stages of fever. In all the cases mentioned, the head of the patient should not be exposed to the vapor. * The Hydrophobia, too, that most strange and horrid of all diseases, it is said, has been cured by the vapor bath. M. Buison, a Parisian physician, in a late publication, aseerta that he was affected with this disease, that on the i I I T'''mmm 80 JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRIXOS. ii ■ i i I jHiti M' RusHJnn Bmh. ninth day after receiving the infection he was suddenly seized with puin in his throat and eyes. The saliva ran from his mouth, a current of air, or the sight of brilliant bodies gave him pnin. lie felt disposed to run and bite; not men, but nniiiinls and inanimate bodies. He drank with great difTicully, and the sight of water was distrrs. sing. The symptoms recurred every five minutes; the pain seemed to commence in the finger which had received the infection. He determined to suff'ocate himself in a vapor bath; for this purpose he caused the temperature to be raised 107^'-' Fahrenheit, when he was soon surpri- sed and delighted to find the symptoms disappear; and he left the bath well. Since then he has treated more than eighty patients, in four of whom the symptoms had de- clared themselves, and in no case has he failed, except in that of a child, seven years old, who died in the bath. The mode of treatment he recommends is, that the perron bitten should take n number of va})or baths, commonly cal- led Russian, and should induce every night, a violent per- spiration, by wrapping himself in flannel, and covering him- self with a feather bed. The perspiration is formed by drinking freely of a warm decoction of sarsaparilla tea. He declares that he is so well convinced of the efficacy of this treatment, that he will sulfer himself to be innocu- lated with the disease. The only peculiarity of the Russian bath is, that the vapor in formed by pouring water on heated stones. The readeif who is desirous of more extended informa- tior> on the subject of bathing, its history, general useful- ness, and in reference to its curative powers, is referred to the work of John Bell, M. D. " on baths and mineral JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRIN08. Ql The Douclif! limh. waters," a work tbnt Rhoiild bo in Ihe hniuls of every phy- flic.an, in every library, nnd every bathing hoiiBc. Tbe nutbor nck.iowledorcs his indebtedness to tli'it work for no inconsiderable portion r,f ibis compilation ,. . the subject of mineral waters and bolbing. THE DOUCHE BATH. This la formed from one or morn spouts that throw a jot of wafer on the body, or on a particular part of it. It may be constructed so as to be descending, oblique, vertical, or ascending. The Douche bath is considered most effectual at 100: )p8y, thcyaro declared to be inadniifesibic. Dyn- pcpsia, both admissible and inadmissible. in scrofula, I hey arc highly connneudcd. The Spring containing the most Iodine i^hould be used— it is the Walton. in paralysis, they are very useful. In rheumatism, much benefit is derived from them. Tlwy should be used intciiially, and accompanied exter- nally at the same time wilh tiie warm balli. The tiulpbu- rous waters are ) l)e preferred for (.his disease. in bilious) diseaees, if not of lung standing. in nephritic comidaints, and calculu», they have been very successfully used. In ulcerous sore?, and cutaneous eruptions. Those Spr. igs that are most acidulous arc more par- ticularly recommended for fevers of a typhoid type, nau- sea, vomiting, and relaxation, and want of tone of tlie stomach. Such are the Walton or Iodine, the Hamil- ton, the Congress, the Monroe and the High Hock, and some others. Those waters that are most f^trollgly impregnated with iron, arc useful as tonics; they stimulate and increase the I 84 JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. It :H: ' T The Sprin|t;s applicnble to ceriain diseuses. circulation. In chlorosis, fliior nlbus, amcnorrhoea, nervous diseases, and in general debility and derangement of the whole system, they arc very useful. Of such is the Congress; the Sans Souci, at Ballston; the High Rock, the Monroe, the iJamilton, and the Flat Rock. The Springs in which the saline qualities predominate, are used to keep the body gently open, without severe purging, by means of which the appetite and strength is increased. Such is the Congress, the Monroe, the Wash- ington, the Hamilton, "id Putnam's Congress. The sulphurous are valuable in glandular swellings, chronic rheumatism, gout, scurvy, and cutaneous dis- eases generally. Such is one of the Monroe Springs, and the Sulphur Spring on the east side of Saratoga lake; and all the bath houses at Saratoga are provided with Bulphurous water for the purposes of bathing.* * For many matters relative to the analysis of the Saratoga and Ballston waters, and their medical use and properties, the reader is referred to the excellent work of Doct. Steel, published in 1S38. si 3 05 2g 1005.7 1004.6 to to WW tow 00 VI WW w fi» w too • • to I i ^73 ra P* < f? w 11 > M r H 3 O 05 ^ 32g oo o o • • to to WW pw coco CO Ci ? ;tO ben vJO CO on to CO »6>. ^ on p p Vl^Kj o nc'H-co 00 C!).-I)onate of Iron. C.-irbonate of Mairiiesia. to • • vl ^ 00 to »-»Va" vl CO on C5 O CO ^ »U. on X Carl)onatc of fcjoda. 05 t— to t— • • • on o on on U'Jdine. Silix. OD 00 en b CO C5 00 on )U 10 to^o-■ *-' vj cfi3 .^^o^o2. • • • •— o !:■ vt hU p5 on bo % Cnrhonic acid At* losphcric au". g-o I r V 9, I' 'I 86 JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. Medicinal Waters of Europe. ^________ In addition to the preceding, the Pavilion Fountain, at Saratoga contains the following: Graina. Chloride Sodium, 226.58 Oxide Iron, ' • • '*•!" Iodine of Sodium, 2.75 . Bromide of Potaseium, 2.75 Alumina, '^«^* The bottling and use of the waters at a distance from the Springe, are matters of importance to those who usg them. The residents of Saratoga say that none of the ^-aters bottle so well as the Congress and Iodine Springs. They leave no ecdimcut, but when drawn they are fine and pure. The others often cast a red sediment, and when uncorked, they are found to have a dull and milky appearance. In the use of bottled water, the same salu- tary effects must not in nil cases be expected from them, as if used at the Fountains, with all the accompaniments of new scenery, change of air, gay company, music, and the thousand other excitements of travel. Of the medicinal wnicrs of Europe, those under the de- nomination of " Spa waters," are the most celebrated. Of this kind are Pyrmcnt, in Westphalia; Forges and Passy, in France; and Tunbridge and Brighton, in England. But the most noted arn those of Spa, a small town in the mountainous district of Belgium, which forms a part of the fount of Ardennes, the noted scene of one of Shaks- peare's plays. The Pouhon Spring water at this place, was analysed by Doct. Jones, in 181G. The following result shows that the Saratoga waters arc much more richly charged both with gas and mineral properties.— JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. 87 The village of Saratoga. Temperature, 50°; one gallon of water, or 231 cubic inches, produced Grains. Sulphate of Soda, 99 Carbonate of Soda, . . , 2.25 Carbonate of Magnesia, 1.80 Silix, 2.26 Loss, 2.94 Muriate of Soda, 1.16 Carbonate of Lime, 9.87 Oxide of Iron, 5.24 Alumina, 20 Carbonic acid gas, 26^ inches; less by 68 cubic inches to the gallon than some of the Saratoga Springs. THE VILLAGE OP SARATOGA. " Green arching bouglig hung over where I sat, And through the paitinj^ leaves, dazzling and beautiful. The flunbeains pour'd rich streams of golden light." The village of Saratoga, is in the northwest part of the town of Saratoga, in the county of the same name. It is laid out upon a plain broken only by the ravine of the I ;^s^*>*s 88 JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. I'.. FiXpeiiditure of visitors the source of wealth. Springe, through which there courses a small fresh water brook. The direction ol" this rivulet through the village is northern; from the upper end of the village it passes off in an eastern direction, first emptying into Owl creek, and nfterwards into Saratoga Lake. Although this brook passes directly through the low ground from whence all the principal medical Springs issue, and the waters of which mingle more or less with it, yet to the taste it ap- pears not to be impregnated with any of their mineral qualities. The villngc was incorporated by an act of the legislature, in April, in 1826. It is for its situation, iguitably laid out; a part is compactly built, and many handsome dwellings and seats are observed around; some commanding fine views, and others almost hid from eight in groves of evergreens. As a place of business, Saratoga has nothing to recom- mend it but its Springs — from these its wealth and capital is derived; and the expenditures of strangers constitutes to the business men of the place their only income and dependance. The trustees and inhabitants of the village are entitled to much credit for th^ order and cleanliness of the streets, for the shade trees that they have planted, and for the care and neatness in which the fine groves are kept, for which the place is distinguished. Saratoga being a healthy, as well as a pleasant and fashionable place, many gentlemen of wealth and dignity, have chosen it as their residence. The act by which the village is incorporated gives to the trustees power, by the written consent of the owner of iixB land on vhich any medicinal or mineral Springs JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. 80 !»nri»toga l;rfore it was aoltlpi ore situated, to make erections about such Si)rings, for the accommodation oflbose who visit the Spritig^f, for tho purpose of drinking or olherwJee using the watora; and it is their duty to see that the passage is kept open to and from the Springs, and to appoint proper persons to atlcnd the Springs to draw the water for mich as wish to drink, or moke use of them, without demanding any compensa- tion. At an early day, the present site of Saratoga was most forbidding, wiki and uninteresting; it was more congenial for the abode of bears, wolves, and other ferocioun beasts of the forest, than for man. Of these great numbers re- sorted about the marsh, the waters being very agreeable to them. The ravine in which the Springs are situated, was an almost impassable morass; where it was not filled with fallen trees, rubbish and brush wood, black and noxious mire holes were seen, on which it was dangerous to ven- ture. Even the air was impregnated with a foul stench which arose from the mareh, and sickness, especially fevers and chills, preyed severely for many years upon the first fictdera. What a change has the labor of man produced? Not only now are there beautiAil fields, shady groves, attractive gardens, elegant and comfortable dwellings' but the veiy air, from being noxious and insalubrious, has become pure and healthy. There arc very few places more thriving, or that are faster advancing in business and improvements, than Saratoga. 8^ i ii I 90 JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. CliHractcr of Public Houses. f PUBLIC HOUSES. ♦• A Yankee can keep a tavern." — Foreign Traveller. The clicimctor of sninc of the public houses at the Springs is of the very first order, and all nre respectable. Some are particularly the resort of stntcamen, of ollice holders and politicians; and the great, and would be great. With these are mingh d gentlemen of the turf, connoisseurs of the odd Irick, and the amateurs of poker. With these too will be found the exdiirives of society, whether Pres- l)ytcrian, Ilomani.il, or Churchman; the fashionable lady, and hello of high ^jretensions. In another house will be observeeiuent8. 91 m LBR. Springs orne are iurs and With seurs of th these er Pres- jle lady, md their persons retiring, 1 observ- at Sar- by any emselves I on this be omit- le hotels board at snements , may be desirable joarding- irtments. AMUSEMENTS. *' I^'ig. joyous cords ! — ring out again ! A swifter still and a wilder strain ! And bring forth wreaths ! — wc will banish all Save the pure in heart from the festive hall ! — On, through the maze of the fleet dance, on !" For a place so retired, the amusements arc various, and are so ordered as to suit the taste of those who are to par- take of them. Visitors from the cities find enough of green shades, pleasant rides, pure nir, and fine country eating, to make the place agreeable; and those who are from the country, see enough of new things, odd charac- ters, and fine fashions, to make thc^r time pass pleasantly; " And vvitii sweet novelty the soul detain." The circular railroad is a very pretty thing. It is at the southern extremity of the village, on a beautiful ter- race, completely shaded with ever green trees; and from the spot is afforded to the spectator a charming sylvan prospect. The road is in circumference the eighth of a niile; it has two tracks on which two light airy cars re- volve in opposite directions. The cars resemble the light body of a gig, and are provided with a seat for a lady and a gentleman. With much ease the gentleman gives power to the movement, and when both cars are flying round with the velocity of the wind, and passing each other as feathered arrows, a thousand fashionable prome- naders, chatting and laughing, fill up Uie ground; the H i I 92 JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. ii, wM C'oveiit Gnnicn— CJniiihlirig. scorio is truly joyous and animating. All who visit the Springs can partake in this amusement, as it is exhilara- ting, and a diversion in every respect unobjectionable. The cost of this railroad was eleven hundred and fifty dollars; and the charge for riding three times round, is twelve and half cents. Next to the circular railroad, are the public gardens. The Recreative garden has three bowling-alleys, one of which is exclusively for the use of ladies. Covent garden, besides rustic huts, summer houses, and shady bowers, has a plalform of flying horses. These with their riders, arc whirled around with great rapidity. There are in the village altogether, thirteen bowling- alleys, several billiard tables, and m the season of visiting, all the apparatus and paraphanalia of gambling and dissi- pation. Such are the accompaniments of the throng that find their way to the Springs in the summer. They are not acknowledged as a part of the regular inhabitants of the place. The citizens of Saratoga are a steady, quiet people, and no way inclined to participate in the follies and dissipation which is annually poured in upon them. Another great source of amusement is :.iding. Not less than thirty five thousand dollars worth of livery property is owned at the Springs, for the use of strangers, and which to the owners produce a handsome income. Coach- es, barouches, curricles and gigs, are used. Of late years the fashion of riding on horseback, both by ladies and gentlemen, has been revived, and is much followed at the Springs. Among the many places to which visitors ride, are the following: JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. 93 litilld and Assemblies. Barhyt'a fish pondj two milea eciU It producea trout, and affords fine amusement to anglers. Ho charges for the privilege of fishing, aud requires that what is caught shall be cooked on his premises. The Lake House, on Saratoga Lake, 4 miles; where a game dinner, consisting of fish, and wild game, is fur- nished to gourmands, for |2. The lake is 9 miles long, and 3 wide. Bemis's Heights, and other memorable scenes of the revolution around the eventful battle grounds of ^Saratoga, are still much resorted to. To Glen's Falls, about 20 miles. To Lake George, 28 miles. To these places stages go daily. Niskayuna, the Shaker settlement, on the Mohawk river, is 16 miles. Schuylersville, where Burgoyne laid down his arms, is 12 miles. Besides riding, promenading round the village, visiting the Springs and gardens, there is got up, when there is much company, balls, assemblies and cotillion parties. These are held at some of the highest public houses. Caive, ice creams, frui1», wines, and other refreshments are furnished. The tickets of admission cost from ^1,50 to $2. * A more costly, and of course more fashionable order of assemblies, are sometimes held, called Champagne balls. Tickets to these are usually $5. At two of the principal public houses a band of music is employed. The band performs alternately at each house at dinner and tea. There are also at tho Springs two public libraries and reading rooms; and two weekly newspapers. * « I II II ill; . !; m 94 JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRIKOS. Cliurcliea. CHURCHES, There is a Presbyterian church, a Baptist, and a small Episcopal Chapel, a Methodist chapel, and a Roman Catholic church is now building. The middle scats of the Presbyterian church are all reserved for the I'.se of strangers; at the Baptist Church they are respectfully received, and the Episcopal chapel, and Methodist, are free. These last denominations are ^ also building new churches. TABL 'ill iiii ill PART III. THE FALLS OF NIAGARA, DESCRIPTION OF THIS WONDER OF NATURE, OF THE WHIRLPOOL, ISLANDS, A JAUNT TO CANADA, TABLE ROCK -BROCK'S MONUMENT, &c. r*w.3 '■ I ■■Js^^'s,W.'f^ „ ? 1^: U. THE ARRANGEMENT. wf The colloquial form has, in some places been adopted, in affording directions and information to travellers. The observations of the guide, and the remarks of the visitors, have been in some places transcribed. In this manner, the information which has been garnered np for years, is imparted to strangers in its appropriate place. The sketches are made in a tour round the Falls, and vicinity; and is divided into four Jaunts. The First Jaunt is to the Falls on the east side of the river, or, as they are commonly called, the American Falls. It may be made, from the hotels, in half an hour; but the feelings of those M'ho go, will determine the pe-' riod of their stay. Some have thought half a day a short time to spend in viewing the cataract from that position, and the other objects to which their attention is drawn. The Second Jaunt is to the Islands. Bath, Iris or Goat, and the other little adjoining Islands that are ac cessible. It may be made in two hours. Many persons spend a day, and repeat the visit frequently, asserting, that the interest excited increases the oftener the scene is held. uc 9 ill'. 1 98 JAUNT TO TnE FALLS. The Arr;iiii:c!iieiU. The Third Jaunt is to the Whirlpool. It requires three hours; and, if extended to the Devil's Hole, Indian Village, nnd old Fori Ningnra, a day or more will be plea- santly spent in the excursion. The Fourth Jaunt is to Canadn. This, like the visit to the Falls, may be accomplished in less than an hour; but it would be superficial. Very few arc satisfied with such a slight peep into her Majesty's dominions. They like to visit Table Rock, and take a look below, through the mist and under the sheet of falling water. In speaking of the time to be consumed in looking at and around the greatest cataract in the world, reference is had to those who travel with railroad speed, and such are travellers in general, in these days; and not to those who have leisure. To such as have time and opportunity, no period can be fixed; all depends on their own impres- sions. If they are uncxcited and uninterested, their stay will be short; they will cast a dull and unimpassloned look over the scene, and hurry away. Others who have tcit diflercntly, have remained weeks and months at the Fallp, still extolling them, and spending their time much to their eatisfuction. A JAUNT TO THE FALLS OF NIAGARA, ON TjHE AMERICAN SIDE. TnE TRAVELLERS. A pnrty from q diptnnt eity ore on o tour of plcasuro to the Fallc. There arc three principal routes on the Amcricnn eide that lead to this celebrated plncc. One from the upper lakcF, the south nnd the cast, through the city of Huflalo, from thence by railroad to the place of destination: One from Canada, and the lower lakes, via Lewiston, and from thence alto, by railroad: The third, from the east, by the Erio canal, railroads, etages and steamboata, to the city of Rochester, end through the vllage of Lockport, and from thence by rail- road to the Falls. The travellers that arc the dramatis pcrson I 102 JAUNT TO THE FALLS. First si i,')it. road cars. They have nnivcd withhi two miles of tho object of their visit, and the exclamation is heard — *' the Falls ! the Falls !" An imposing scene has, indeed, broke upon them, and a general move takes place to catch a glimpse of the mighty calnract. Those seated at the right side of the cars have a full and direct view in front, and of the Niagara river, which, by their side, flows far beneath. On the very verge of its banks, at a dizzy height, they are whirling at the rapid rate of eigh- teen miles an hour. On looking below, some passengers hold their breath in amazement; others have been known to express their astonishment by a low protracted whistle, until the supposed danger was past. On looking at the object before her, one of the ladies exclaims— '* is that the Falls?" " Yes," replies a pas- u eenger, " and look below, there is the far iluned Niagara river." Another observes— ** after so long a period I behold this place;" and one — "what a distance have we como to feast our eyes upon this scene!" ** A great mist arises from the water — the Falls seem concealed behind a cloud. Is it always so 7" ** Always," answered a person familiar with the scene, ** and in the clear cold weather of winter, the mist which arises in clouds, appears like the flame and smoke of somo great conflagration, or as of a burning city. At such times the burning of Moscow is always brought to my remembrance." In a few minutes after the Falls are first beheld, at tho mineral spring, two miles from the cataract, the cars have rolled on; have passed through tho Main stroet of the vil- lage, and have stopped at tho upper end. JAUNT TO TOR PALLS. 103 Gener.'il Renmrks of Travellers. The cui-fi of the pnasengcrs ore Bnlutod with — " pnesen- pnrH ibr tlic ," << tmvnllcrfl (or the — ," " nggasc," " for the , Mndam?" " do you go to the , Sir?" nnd all the jargon and noise which a full array of the runners nnd waiters from the hotels can utter. The travellers having made up their minds i)efore their arrival, or afterwards, go to their hotel, enter their namoa, Eccure their rooniB, and breakfast, dine or sup, as the case may be, and when prepared for a visit to the Falls, send for a Guide. The aid of a guide is indispensable, to point out the dif- ferent views, and to impart a full knowledge of all the localities. After having concluded their arrangements they start on their first ramble. Passing in a western direction from the hotel, they traverse the bank of the river, or after leaving a narrow street, continue along on the rising ground, until they enter a grove of trees; emerging from thence, they behold the Falls at once before them, rolling majestically, and displaying all their grandeur. **How magnificent!" " Truly, the half has not been told!" *' It is grand — it is dreadful!" " They are terrible, yet beautiful!" *' They appear small at a distance, and, at first eight, I was disappointed. They exceed my expectations." "Never have I beheld, or imagined, any thing com- parable to this. Such arc some of the many expreasiont) which break ,iM ' h ^' II " Ml 1' M IHiiiil Pl i 104 JAUNT TO THE PALLS. Description. from travellers, and show forth tlioir emotions; they are generally those of admiral ion, min^dcd with pleasure; but many gaze and wonder in eilence. \ THE FALLS OP NIAGARA. *' Tremendous torrent! for on instant hui«li Tlic terrors ot'lliy voire, and cast aside Those wild involving niiadows ; lliat my eyc3 May see the fearful beauty of thy face." On the western boundary of the State of New- York, runs the Niagara river, in a northern direction, and the centre of which is the boundary line between the United States and the dominions of Great Britain. The Niagara is the outlet of the va^t chain of western lakes, beginning with lake Superior and its hundred tributary streams, and is the principal inlet of lako Ontario. Niagara fs derived from the Indian, and was called by them Onyakarra, according to David Cusich, of the Tuscarora tribe, who published a pamphlet in 1827. The Falls are twenty-two miles from lake Erie, and fourteen from lake Ontario. The two branches of the river which encompass Grand and other Islands, unite a mile above the rapids; and it is there, two miles in width. As it advances forward, the current accelerates in its downward course, and the channel contracts in width. From tranquil and glossy, a slight ripple is seen to move the surface; it next assumes a descendinff and cradle-like JAUNT TO THE PALLS. 105 Volume of Wuler. movement; the waves enlarge, the tops roll over each other, and are broken into whilc-caps and spray. Tho whole body of the mighty river becomes agitated, as if conscious of the great plunge it is about to make. The placid stream has become a rushing torrent, broken into cascades and sweeping billows. Its own momentum presses it forward with irrcsiatiblo violence; from ridge to ridge it bounds, until it reaches the perpendicular rock, and there it sweeps over, and falls below. The water boils up from beneath, like a sea of white foam; the Sjjrny rises in clouds which hang dark and heavy above, or are wafted away by the current of the wind; and rainbows encircle below and obove this most wonderful of nature's workg. Iris island is in the mid,3t of the F«lls, and separates the water inii. 70 great sheets. A smaller ehect is struck off by ProspecL island, jiassing between that and Iris isl- and. The portion between the islands and American shore is lees than the main channel which separates Can- ada from the United States, and passes on the western side of Iris island. In that channel is borne along a volume of water of inmiense magnitude, the drain of more thau 150,000 square miles of surface of lakes and rivers. How sublime the object that is presented to the enrap- lured beholder! Such a body of congregated v/ater poured at once over so high a precipioe, and falling perpendicu- larly into tho chasm below, whose depth it is not possible for man to fathom. The rushing, roaring sound which is emitted by the falling water — the variety of colors presented to the eye; I KXJ JAUNT TO THE PALLS. Fiiiiiilinrilv willi llioi iioiso. the Bplcndor yot Bublimily of the prcne — nro new to Iho Bpnnlator, and create emotions Imrd In he iloscribed. The Bounds ore Ihone of the stormy ocean and ovcr- wlichning tempent; 1he-e is one continued roar, yet other Bounds arise filtul and varied. Some ptn-fiojiH, at tJintR, hnvc fjincicd noiscfi, strange and myfiterioiiB; the intonnlions of the hnsa drum — the Blow, solemn and heavy report of artillery — the swelling note of tho trumpet — and even the human voice in agony, has been heard by many imaginative enthusiasts. But the similarity of the sounds to the hum drum, and to artillery are so near, at times, that persons have been re- peatedly deceived. It requires a long residencG to become familiar to, and regardless of the noise. To some it creates unpleasant sensations, hut generally they arc those of a contrary character. To those who are residents, the quietude which seems to prevail when they visit any of the adja- cent villages, makes it appear to them like the stillness of Sunday. Strangers who remain over night, though the sound of the Falls is in their ears when they retire to rest, yet when they happen to awake from their slumbers, fre- quently fancy themselves in the midst of a tempest; the house trembles, the windows and doors clatter, the wind rushes and whistles round, the rain pours; and amid all, they hear the unceasing sound of the cataract. They rise to look out upon the raging storm; and when they draw the curiam, or throw up the windows, they per- ceive that the stars are shining sweetly, and not a zephyr disturbs the pendant leaves. JAUNT TO THE PALLS. 107 Distance wliich the Falls nrc heard. ' to tho * d over- it other Rtrnngo n — tho ^veiling I'oice in lusinstp. , and to been rc- to, nnd pleasant contrary quietude he adja- Btillness sound of rest, yet ers, frc- pest; the the wind amid all, t. They hen they they per- ; a zephyr In heavy weather the sound ie louder, and In heard farther; and to those who live at a distance, though within hearing of the Falls, they are an unfailing baro- meter. After a pleasant turn "f weather, during which the sound has just bce.i perceptible, often gradually, nnd sometimes suddenly, the increased roar of the cataract comes upon the ear. A change of weather immediately takes place, and is often followed by a storm. In some directions the roar of the Falls is not usually heard over six or seven miles; along the course of the river they are constantly perceptible for about fourteen miles; they have been occasionally heard at the distance of thirty miles; and in one instance nn individual asserts to have heard them at the city of Toronto, in Canada, distant forty-four miles. The concussion of the falling waters jar the adjoining shores, and the houses tremble in concert with the un- ceasing shock. This may be questioned by those who have only spent an hour or two at the Falls, in the clear, serene, and bland weather of summer; but those who have remained there longer will certify to the fact. If a door is left ajar it vibrates, if a window is loose it clatters; and even sitting quietly at their fire-sides, the inhabitants will, at times, perceive a tremulous motion, which they can trace to the Falls. There ia much difierence in hearing the Falls; at a short distance from them the noise is not unpleasant, but close to the sheets of water, to many persons it ia almost overwhelming. It is believed by many abroad, that persons long resident at tho Falls become hard of hearing. That this is generally eo, cax-iaot be positively 108 JAUNT TO THE FALLB. IG I MM ijHinirics imsj\\»'rr»i|. oBflertcd. A lady of Lovviston, who scvernl years eiiice visited Uio Falls, asserlB, Hint to her the noise wqs so inteiiBenH to deprive her of hearing in one car; and (hough ninny years have since pnHHcd, she has not recovtjcd from the deafncBrf v/ith which she was then struck. And yet very many visitors express thenisolvea greatly diHn[)point- ednsto the noise of the Fnll.i; they expected to hear it henvier and louder. Nothinjr hut hursting boilers, ronring cannon, pualing thunder, or crashing enrthcpiakcs can come up to tho expectations of such persojis. INQUIRIES ANSWERED. " Trifles, on an interesting aubject, Cease to be trifles." Ah many inquiries are made as to places, heights, dis- tances, nml on a variety of other subjects, the following paragraphs arc intcjided as answers to such, and alibrd in the shortest practicable way, the information required. The form of the Fnlls is a curve. That part between Iris island and Canada is called the Horse Shoe Falls. The western or Horse Shoe Fall is about seven hun- dred yards in circumference. The Fall on the northern sido of tho island Is three hundred and thirty yards. The centre i all, bct-wxjcn Iris and Prospect isUmdfl, is about thirtv-thrct3 vords. Ij. JAUNT TO THE PALLS. 109 ira Biiu'u WQ8 80 1 (liou^U red from A.iul yet inppoint- htar it , roaring kcb can This, tlis- following nd afibrd equired. between ven hun- [ Is threo ieUmdfl, is (liumlily of water passiiijj over llir I'jiIIh. Tlio whole (liBtnnrc nroiind the curve, inchuhiifr Iria and Profjprct ielnridf^, ia computed at one thousand four hnndrf'd yards. The height of the Falla, on the American fide, is ono hundred and Fixty-four feet; on the Canada side, ono hundred and fifty-eight feet. From Chi])pcwa to Schlosaer Ihc river is the widest. The descent from those places to the great pitch is esti- mated at ninety feet. At the ferry below the Fnlls the river is fifty-six rods wide. It has been crossed in live minutes; it ordinarily requires ten. The cloud of ppray wliich arises from the Falls, is nlvvoy? S3en, except when scattered by the wind. It is sonictinics seen irom a great distance, even from that of one hundred miles. Computations have been made of the quantity of water that passes over the FuHh. One -'s Ibat 5,034,089,280 barrels descend in twenty-four hours; 211,830,853, in one hour; 8,5.30,614, in a minute; and 58,843 in a sec- ond. This statement is undoubtedly within bounds; and the quantity is probably considerably more. The average height of the banks about the Falls is from two hundred to two hundred and fifty feet. You can go, for a short distance from Iris island, un- der the spray of the Horse Shoe Falls; some have called it going under the Horse Shoe Falls, but that is saying ioo much. The principal spot visited, for going under the sheet of water, is at Tabic Rock. Even there, it is fashionable to iueak of ihc distance advanced, in exaggerated tcruib. I 110 JAUNT TO THE PALLS. Nuiiilier of ViHiterH. Great difibrenccs of opinion exist as to the best view of this sccno of mnny wonders. One says, ** the best view of the Falls is from Tabic Rock." Another, "the best view to be had is from the centre of the river, in crossing." A third, **at Ware's observatory, near the ferry. A fourth, *Mhe best view is from the foot of the etair-casc, on the American side." A fifth, ** the grand- est views of all are from the point of Iris island where it overlooks the Horse Shoe Falls, and from the Tower at the Terrapin rocks." After all, it must be conceded that the view of the Falls in Canada, surpasses any on the American side. On this side there are many different views; your eye passes over the various prospects, piece by piece; on the Canada eide you have a full front view. On the Ameri- can side, comparing large things with small, you not only occupy the stage box, but go behind the scenes. Persons who visit the Falls, to form a right conception of the wonders of this country should pass over to Iris island, should visit the whirlpool, and great rapids along the river, and should cross into Canada. From the rapidity of the water below the Falls, it has been difficult to fathom it, but as nearly as has been as- certained, it is two hundred and forty feet deep. The ferrymen convey baggage safely from one side of the river to the other, for a fair compensation. The descending and ascending the hills is a laborious task, and they earn their money. The number of visiters increase yearly. In 1838, from the best authority, the number exceeded twciity thou- sand. The number of visiters in 1831), exceed d by one- JAUiNT TO THE PALLS. Ill Niiiiics Mild liiitJalH. third, that of any other year. In 1840, though tho preBSuro of the limes wns impi ledented, yet the num- ber of visitors was about tho eamc as tho previous year. NAMES AND INITIALS ON THE ROCKS AND TREKS. •' Busy memory seeks, IVen in tlie woody glade, for boujo dear mark Of iliose we love." There are observed many names and initials chiseled upon the rocks, and cut upon the trees. Some high in the branches, and some projecting over the precipice. At the first thought one sujjposes that the short lived immortality thus to be obtained is hardly worth the labor and risk. It is not so much the expectation of fixing a lasting me- morial, as the pleasure of having one's name recognised by some friend, or acquaintance, in present or after years. These mementos arc like the registry of a public house, but possesses a romantic interest that registers do not. Here on the dark rocks and wild forest trees of Niagara, mingled with names from every pau of the world, will sometimes be found one dear to the heart of the observer, and the object will be hailed with pleasure. It may have been indented years ago, and he who made the memorial, may, when the name is recognised, have ceased to exist among the living ; and then mn^' be broiif''ht t I 10 JiU^^^K#'- 112 JAUNT TO THE FALLS. Mists aiui Optical Illusions. " eccncfi long pnescd, never to relurn." More thnu once, nlfoclini; recof^'iiizfinccR ol thifi kind have been witnessed. Ifnd the first Enropf.'nn wlio visited this pjjot lelt. Honie ineniorinl of tlie lime, and his own name, he woidd, by thnt nh^bl cireuniRtaner, have secured an inunorlality for aiin83S8, the majesty and awful ness which they once poa- eesBcd. Frequently beholding them has nnide the scene familiar; not only so, but there are now so many of the works of man about them, houses stair-cases, bridges, roads, pro.-^pect towers, and the like, that the wild and savage a6i)ect which they once wore, has di6ai)peared. When the ferry was at first established, at times there would not be a passenger for several days; in conse- quence, it would be often neglected, and travellers were JAUNT TO THE FALLS. l-'irst (iiscoviTv, 113 > n,c „„nu,,„,„ or ,i,„ ;„..,,,„,,,,,,, ,,,,jy ,,„j,,,„,: «)a« wijo««« .-oWlv, „ |,|,„t ,„■ ,,,„, ,,„„,j ^._,_^_ ^1^ ;; """y the cl.....i „(■ „„■„,, „„., ^,^^,„,,.„^, ^,^^ ^j^^^^ ^^'^^ |.™,,. wco in „i,l,|. I „,,«l,i ,l,i„k ,|,ey b,„| „t„ea e ,.n,l ,b„ ,.oc .., „,. «.„.e i. „„o i,id,Io„ ,„„, of ,he „„th Iml .«-,.,„k,,l ,h. bm,k, „« ;,, «.,„„„I Us ol,.„„ro wny „„. ..«■ d.n.lM „n,l (rec. Ag.-,:,, ,t,e ,„i,t ,,„„,,i „|| ;^,_,^ nn, but hiH body coidd jiot be lound. It wna 8U['[)o8ed to have been carried away by tho current. th III } k '• The iircciiy siiriro li;ul Kwept liiia down, I'lr, fur Froiii iiiorlal krii." On the 2Ih<, llie body wan taken up a( Fort Niagara, was eh'arly idcntilled, and wan on Ihe next (biy removed and d(>eenily interrc'I in tho burial ground at Nia«^ara FaUH. Thus tcrminaled tli;- career of the iinfortenato Francis Abbott — lillle, indeed, luuAvn to Iho.-o near wliom he spent tho two laal yems of his hfe. Sv)uie f 'W gksam'nga more can only bo given. He way an Engli>h gentleman, of a retyped able family; he was endowed with a good mind, highly cultivated; and was eminently pleasing in his nuinnerrt. lie was not oidy master of several langua- ges, bat deeply read in the arti3 and BcicnccH, and pos- sessed all the minor aeeoniplibhnu'nts of the tininhcd gen- tleman, fa^scinating eolIo([uial powero, and music and drawing in great perfection. Many years of bis life had been spent in travelling. He had visited Fgypt and Pa- lestine; had trtivelled through Turk..y niul Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and France; and had resided lor cun- eideruble periods o[ time in R;»me, Naples, and Pari«. JAUNT TO THE FALLS. 119 His cli.'iractrr. While nt iho Fnlle, l)UHinrss hrongbt him in cnnlncl, with Foveral of the ii ■ ■' "••"«» t<-*v in ijiuiu ue would somet.mos ho «ociahlc; to all others ho was distant and rcsorv..!. JLs conversations were always inlercstinrr, and h.s doseriptions of countries and people highly glowing nnd animated. But at times, even with his favored ac- quamtancc, he wonid hold no converse; but conununica- ted to them his wishes, on a slate, and would rerpiest that nothing might he said to him. Ifc would frequently, for Ihree or four months, go vmshaved,- often wifh no coverirtg on his head, ami his body enveloped in a blanket; shun- ning all, and seeking the deepest solitude of the island He composed much, and generally in Latin; but he do Btroyed his compositions almost as fast as he produced Ihem. When his little cot was examined; hopes were entertained that some manuscript or memorial might bo ound, of his own comi)osition; but he left nothing of tho kind. Ifis faithful dog guarded his door, and it was with difficulty it was persuaded aside while it was opened. J lis cat occupied his bed; and his guitar, violin, flutes, mid music books, were scattered around in confusion. Iherc was a portfolio, and the leaves of a large book- but not a word, not even his name, was written Jn any of them. ' Many spots on Iris island arc consecrated to the mo- mory of Francis Abbott. On the upper end of the island he had established his walk, nnd in one place it had be- come trodden and well beaten, hke that on which a sen- tinel performs his tour of duty. Between Iris and Moss •sland, there is cm!,owcred in seclusion and shade, one 01 the moat charming waterfalls, or casofldcs, iinamnable. ' II I 120 JAUNT TO THE PALLS, Mis walk.-' — his toiiicritv ■lijpi;; This was his fnvorilc rcjlrcut for balLiiig. Thoio bo re- Bortcd nt nil floasons of the year. In the coldest wcntlicr, even when snow was on llio ground, and ice in the water, he continued lo bathe in the Niagara. On the lower extremity ol" the inland, there waa a briiige leading over what are called the Terrapin Hocks; from this bridge there extended a single jjiece of timber, eomc twelve or lifteen Ibet over the precipice. On thia bridge it was his daily practice to walk; with a quick step he would pat-H the bridge, advance on the timber to the extreme point, lurn quickly on his heel and walk 'back; and continue thus to walk for hours together. — Sometimes he would let him.^eh" down at the end of the timber, and hang under it by his handri and i'cet for fifteen and twenty minutes nt a time, and this over a chasm so terrific, as to make di'/.zy the strongest head. On being remonstrated with, for thus exposing himself, ho would reply, that, in cj'ossing llie ocean, he had frequently seen the sea-boy iji much greater peril; and, as he should pro- bably again pass the sea, he wished to inure himself to such damxcrs: if the nerves of others were disturbed, his were not. in the darkent hours of the night, he was often foimd walking alone, in the wildest and most dan- gerous places near the Falls; and at such times he would shun the approach of men, as if they were unwelcome in- truders on his solicitude. He had a stipend allowed to him by his friends in Eng- land, competent for his support. He attended to the "elate of his accounts, very carefully; was economical in his eircnditure of money for his own use; but generous in payinj far all rav>n":j an-'i gjivJccs, v.r-d never receiving JAUNT TO Tfli: FAJ.LH. 121 Hit oi)!l i');i ofilip \i(.\vs m.y thiMK wilhc.t .„„k,„, i„„„e,li,„„ .,„,,„„,„. j,^, :, ;'7 ""•', " !''";g --'■ "'■ -li^'i"- rru\vr» a paiiff, Whicli for a inoiiKMit woidii conviilso. ]\Iy blood rc-dow'd, tlioiijili tliick and chill i My rar witli nia-oulh noises rang •, My heart be<,'an once more to thrill ; My si.^ltt reuirn'd, thoii'ih (Ihn, alas! And thicUen'd as it \\ere Willi frhiss- Mcthoujilit ll('^ M Between eighty and one hundred rods from the Falls the party arrive at a large excavation in the bank. Great quantities of earth have been washed away by the action of water conducted in a race from the rapids for that pur- pose; and masses of the rock have been blasted longe and thrown down. It is the commencemeiit of a carriage- road to the ferry. The road down the bank, in Canada was completed fourteen or fifteen years ago, and this was begun soon after. Very little progress was made, and it was soon discontinued. In 1836, was re-conmenced, un- 11* ii, III I'. fill ill 129 JAUNT TO THE FALLP. Sliip Canal around ilie l-'alls. der the QUspicGH of BLMijimiia llatLil)un; and if his opera- tions had not been brongbt to u close, it would soon have been completed. It J8 to be regretted that a work so much required by the citizens of the country, and for the nccommodation of the travelling public, ehoidd bo permitted to linger along from year to year. At an early day the erection of a flight of stairs to descend the bank to the ferry was Buffi- eient; but now when the ferry produces a large income,, and thousands are anuually crossing the river, both on business and f.^r amusement, no description of stairs can give to the public that safe and convenient communication which ought to be afforded, where there is so much pas- sing and re-passing. It is wrong that travellers should be still obliged to descend long and tedious stair cases. In the road down the bunk, and in the Welland canal, the Canadians have gone ahead of American enterprise. The very cuter-^rising gentleman who claims the exclu- sive right of r.iaking this road, has listened to public opin- ion, and he lias promised that the work shall be immedi- ately commenced upon, and continued until it is comple- ^ But as to the great ship canal to connect the two lakes! Forty American vcsgels have been counted at one time lying in Port Dalhousie, in Canada, waiting to pass thro' the Canadian canal. Will not the western states rouse to action on this all-important subject ? Will they allow this great connecting link between these mighty waters to re- main broken? Or shall the vessels of this proud Republic much longer contiime subject to the onerous regulations Aud exactions of a distant dependency of Great Britain ? JAUNT TO THE PALLS. 129 Indian Ladder. When the road down the bank was first commenced, an Irish laborer was employed on a projecting rock, of several tons weight. Very unexpectedly, the rock gave way, and both went down together. Fortunately, the rock passed down first, struck a heap of earth below, and rolled out of the way. The man fell on the same heap of earth, and was to little injured that in a few days he was able to resume his work. THE INDIAN LADDER. A few rods further, and the guide points out a notch in the bank. Here is the oldest place for descending to the Falls: it is called the Indian Ladder. The ladder consisted of a cedar tree, lying sloping against the rocks. The natural branches, and notches cut in the body of the tree, were the only slight helps afforded to those who went down. The last person known to have descended, was a hunter, by the name of Brooks. He was in pur- suit of some game, which he had shot, and had fallen below. He got about half way down, when he slipped, and fell between twenty and thirty feet, and was badly injured. 130 JAUNT TO THE FALLS. I'oiiil View. I'OINT VIEW. — "I am on llie brink Of the srreat waters •, jind their autiiealic voice Coes up aiiiid tlie rainl)')W and the mist, Their chorus shakes tlie ground." i|,i |. I* i Point View, on ilic American side, not a neio position, as the clear surface of the bank and well trod foot path will show, but one hardly nienlioned by any who have written on this subject, was the spot from which Vander- lyn sketched one of his great paintings of the Falls. On the projecting rock at Point View, the spectator stands and beholds the unrivalled prospect which is spread before him. Two hundred feet below the rock from which he looks, lies the calm ilark waters of the river, bounded on either side with rock and precipice; the ad- joining shores crowned with native forest trees, and in the distance green meadowi-i, blooming orchards, and rising villages. He looks at the great object of his gaze, with sensations of reverence; the white sheets hanging in mid air; the waters foaming, and hurrying from beneath those that impend above; the spray rushing up from the deep cavern, and rising in clouds, which hang as a pillar of smoke over this sublime sanctuary of nature's mysteriefl. The rocky base of Iris island, dividing the Falls, with its tall trees towering above the water; the Terrapin rocks on the American side, and Table Rock, in Canada:— JAUNT TO THE FALLS. 131 The Falls spoken of by olht-rs. altogether the scene is, beyond conception, unique and imposing. It is thought, by some, that the terms in which the J'allH ore sitoken of nnd usually described, arc too high and exaggerated. If the English and Scotch poets are any criterion for descriptive expressions, (nnd that they are the true standard, all will allow,) so far then from being exaggerated, the terms applied to the Falls are but tame and feeble. Several of the authors alluded to, have afforded poetical de8crii)tions of v/aterfalls in the United Kingdom, in which all the epithets of beauty and ;rran- deur have been exhausted in the labored delineation — descriptions so lofty as to leave nothing to add, even when applied to the Falls of Niagara. Look at the objects as nature presents them: a brook or mill-race, to a mighty jiver — a pond, to an ocean. Indeed there is no term of our language too high, or idea of our imagination ade- quately comprehensive to describe this profound and im- pressive scene. The mind, awe-struck, is overwhelmfid and lost amid the elemental strife. And it is not only so as regards the Falls, but the whole of that portion of the Niagara river, from the commencement of the rapids below Navy Island, to the eddying and heavy current at Lcwiston, is, without doubt, one of the most wonderful *l the works of nature, and allords scenes, with but few exceptions, more sublime and terrible than is exhibited in any other land. The travellers having now completed their tour to all the most interesting points along the bank, conclude to return to the hotel. 132 JAUNT TO THE FALLS. Villiifrc of Niagara Falls. VILLAGE OF NIAGAKA FALLS. #;i i I ". !,<»! " JiCail on — to yonder village lead, 'SVIicre heaven lias liappinCi-s decreed For tlioye tlie blessings prize ; AViio Hcnk, in 'solitary ease, Jsucli joys as innocently i)lcase, Nor \\i6h for other joys." ? In 1805, Augustus Porter, Peter B. Porter, Benjamin Barton, and Joseph Aiinin, Eaqrs. became, by purchase of the State of New- York, the proprietors of a considera- ble tract of land, lying immediately adjacent to the Falls of Niagara. They laid out a village, which was called Grand Niagara, but was soon changed to Manchester, This name it retained for several years; but, as much in- convenience arose, from there being several others places in the Slate of the same name, it was altered to Niagara Falls, which is the name of the post office. In 1813, the village was burnt by the enemy. After the war, the citi- '^ene returned, and it has very gradually increased, since then, in buildings and inhabitants. In 1836, the survey of the village was greatly extended; the lands became in great demand, and large sales could have been made at enormous prices; and some lots were sold. The water power, at this place, is unlimited; and at some distant day must come largely in use, for manufac- turing purposes. There is now one large grist mill, two saw mills, a woollen manufactory, a trip hammer shop, furnace, and two machine shops. There is also, two JAUNT TO THE FALLS. 133 VillagRofNiuir.Mru Falls. blacksmiths' shops, two cabinet makers' shop, one shop for the manufacture of raihoad cars, four merchants' shops; one public library, several splendid hotels, and three other public houses; two public schools, one classical Institute, and one select school for young ladies; eighty-five dwel- lings of nil kinds, and upwards of seven hundred inhabi- tants. The location is commended for its healthiness, and for rural beauty, it is unexcelled. It affords the finest places for residences, for those who wish to combine elegance of scenery and salubrity of air, of any on the Niagara frontier. Nature has done every thing; but as to the village of the Falls, man has done but little. Attached to some of the houses are gardens, Iruit yards, and some orchards; and circling around are some beautiful native groves; but no pains are taken to remove rubbish, open walks, or to add to the attractions of nature. As to the width of the streets, nice stone or brick side walks, the banishment of mud and nuieances, each inhabitant on these subjects maintains a sturdy independence worthy of a better cause and much to the annoyance of fastidious travellers who have been used to dry and easy walking. The bad condi- tion of the streets is a serious draw-back on the pleasure of visitors who happen at the Falls in moist weather, and a great pecuniary loss to the keepers of the hotels, and business people of the place. People will hurry away when they have but the choice of two evils, to be cooped up in their rooms or to encounter wet and mud. More money is this way every year lost to the proprietors of the public houses, and the villagers, than the necessary improvements would cost, if double the value was paid for them. 134 JAUNT TO THE FALLS. Hides of IMciisure. •il wm RIDES OF PLEASURE. ,£i-i- •* By brook and river o'er the i)lain, Springing light tiic carriai^c dances •, With crested neck and flowing mane, Bold and (luick the gay horse prances; There's glowing clieeks whose bcjioty smiles, Cheerful hearts with joy rebounding ; Love with his bewitching wiles, Far offmusic, sweetly sounding." I A regular line of Omiribuees and pleasure carriages has been established at the Falls, to run every hour from eight o'clock, A. M. (dining hours excepted,) till sun- down. All the principal places of interest in the vicinity of the Falls, too distant, and which it would be too fatiguing for pedestrians to visit, are passed or brought into view from these carriages. Tickets arc obtainable at the " Whirlpool Omnibus Office"— To the Mineral Spring, '* the Whirlpool Lodge, " the Devil's Hole, «• Old Portage Road, ** Fort SchloBser, " Old French Landing, The auth r closes this part of his work with the fol- lowing charming lines, from Mr. Hooker's Album. Apro- pos — Mr. Hooker should not be forgotten by visitors to the Falla. He was the first person who became a guide ill JAi;x\T TO THE FALLS. 135 Li II fs from an Album. slrnngore, and ho has ever ,lia(,„g„i„l,ecl himself by h,B cnre „„ in fear," From the point of Iris i.lnnd, fronting the Americ«n Fa Is descends a path towards P,ospect idond, sometimes ca ed Mrs. Davis's isia id. as, wh,!e she was visiting the l-alls, a foot bridge was thrown o/er to it, and on its extreme point she planted a few seeds of the everlasting pea, which were observed some years afterwards in bloom with their beautiful little flowers hanging over the side of the bank, near the Cave of the Winds. The bridge to this island, is generally carried away in the winter, and replaced again in the summer. It is worth crossing over, to ramble through the tangled evergreens, to look down the hi^gh bank, and enjoy the prospect which is there dis- 13 :| 150 AM XT TO THK IST.ANDS. Iii),'r»lianiN Cnvc. IN GRAHAM S CAVE. «« The weeping rocks ilislil, with coiiHlMnt Hpwh ; Tlie gushiiiK waters lienwivc ihuuglits infuse. Here a viist iirrli, the cavity so wide, Scarce, can the oyc rvtciid from side lo side, lliflli o'er tlie roof iillernalc echoes wave, And sound in distant tliunders, tlirough the cave." This cave was first discovered by .Joseph W. In graham, Esq. who gave it the name of the Cave of the Winds, one as applicable as any that can be u^cd; yet, the public, dc- sirous to award some meed of tb- .r esteem to the amiable discoverer, have, in many instances, evinced a desire to use his name, and call it Ingraham's Cave. It was tirst entered by Mr. George Sims and Mr. Berry Hill White, of Niagara Falls village. They passed over the rooks, and through a port of the sheet of water. It was, they alleged, difficult and hazardous, but they acknowledged theii.pelvcs fully rewarded in thn new and magnificent scene which the lofty cavern presented. Mr. Ingraham soon afterwards visited it himself, and Horatio A. Parsons, Esq. and a few others, have since ventured in. It is represented to be near one hundred and twenty feet wide, about thirty feet deep, and a noble arch hanging ov. r head eighty feet high, and the sheet of water rolling in front. It is said to be quite a;i adventure to go imder Table Rock: it is a much greater one, to visit this cavern. The following beautiful lines are taken from Mr. Hook- er's Album: m' JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS. Tije Ilid.iie ?