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THE

TRAVELLERS' OWN BOOK,

SARATOGA SPRINGS,

NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA,

CONTAINING

noUTES, DISTANCES, CONVEYANCES, EXPENSES,
CSR or MINERAL WATERS, BATHS, DESCRIPTION OF SCENERY, ETC.

A COMPLETE GUIDE,

FOR THE VALETUDINARIAN AND FOR THK TOURIST,
8EEKINO FOR PLEASURE AND AMUSKMENT.

^V I T H MAPS AND ENGRAVINGS.

BY S. DE VEAUX.

"And still tliou dasliest in thunder down
Willi a silver robe and a rainbow crow n,"

BUFFALO:

FAXON & HEAD,
1841

REFERENCES TO THE mi

On the Canada Side.

1. BciiderV-J Cavp.

4. Concert Mouse.

(i. Col. Clark's old plwo.

P. Wlicre tliR Episcopal CliurcH

stood. IJiirnt hy incoiidia-

rios, Sept. Iriji),
0. Gull Isliinil.

10. Site of Briilgewairr A'illn;;"

11. Cliipprwa Battle Groiiini.
"Table Hock." It projrris over

several feet. Visitors dc-
Bc'ciul here to go under (lie
shc-c; of water, or to wli;u
is called Teriuiiiation Jfocfc.
" Clifton IJouse." on llie lirow of
tlir l:ill, where the road rises
fronj the ferry.
3. Where stood the Pavillion.
1«. C:irrin|jc Koad down the hank,
13. Ferry nud Guardhouse.

Bistauecs from the Ferry,
U. C.

To Ciit'ton House 106 rods.

Tabic R(M'k, ] 2 i:i..

Burning Siiring, i ••

" Bender's Cave, 3- 1 ' '•

" liundy's Lane Batlle

M A P F N [ A (i A

AND (iUlDE '

Being a complete Directory nnd tlnidc to tlie Fulls mid viriiiity

DIRECTIONS TO HASTY

1h<. Slarl from the HolcU, m Miiii stroet, Ningnrn Falls Vi 11 n<r>?—^j wcrtt to Pro^peH Pla-
to fbe hridgn—^iizr !~cr()fH (he hri.lire (o Iris klnnd— -rise the hill— take the rood to tlio liglit—
tlio Piospoct Tower, and round tli;' l-laiid.

"-id. At more leisure wnlknloug the high bank of the rivir, or ride lo the WbirlpoDl, and vis

(adjoin IN C; ) SHOHES.)

BUFFAJbO.
FaxDii <*i Read.

»»■

'y^ ''////■//

J '■ ■#-- ^J//!'l ! t - , ' ■'a

iiim>!'^i rrrt-ii-ra^/ ^^^^ 1//// / ' ' / / /

\^,

^; J I Mir ^^^ ^

N I A (i A U A F A L L S,

ND (iUlDE TABLE.

thr Fulls mid viplnity, for reninrk on the spot, or for rcfereiire at home.

lECTIONS TO HASTY TRAVELLERS.

go — ^.j vvccil (o Prn-f|)Pol Pla-p and Ware's Obacival'My ; gaze on the K'cnr! — rotiim cmfcrly along the river
-take Ihc road to the riglit — at the point of the Islmid look tironnil!-^\n\'H to (he Biddio stairs — thcnco to

ride to the Wbirlpoul, and visit other places of noloricty.

fiEFEREM'KS TO THE MV.

On the American Side.

A— Tatifrnct Hotel.
Tl— l'as1« llntH.

., ■■-Kxfhunjn' lfoti-1, i>H(l Whirlpool
Omnibus oflU'*!

r.-R»llilM...V^ '"?:« fouTirtation,
■I'-Lockport an'd >'i»P'ni Falls

r.iiirdad office.
*<-i-l?i»fraJ() and Niagara T^'"^ "'•'^'

loali ollu-c.
■II— Ferry, uml WarP's Observa-
tory,
^I— "Wliere Francis Abiiott livcd-
'T— Where Alexander went off lie

bank.
'K— l'r()|>oi!ed road Aown (l>c bank.
Tj — Old Indian liaddcr.
M — C'liapln's Island.
>i — Hobinson's Island-
>0 — Prospect Mmid.
{[»'Q— Sloop and Bay Islands.
iU— Prospect Tower and Terrapin

Hocks.
S~Hoad, washed away.
T_.^Ioss Island.
V—L"re^ce.nt^ or Centre Fall, under

wWdi is Ingraliai* a Cave.
V_PapTr .Hill.
■•'2— Presttytcrian Cliurch-

>!{ — Pro^pn-t T/Jwrr aJjil 'r<Tr:i|Mii

I.e.

To Clinon House i06 rods.

Tiihir R(M-k, j o ,„

Burning f^jiring, i >.

" IJciider's Cave, 3.1 .^
" liUnil} 'd Lane Ilatlle

Ground. j •»
t'liippewft Bat. Gr'«<I, 2 «'

" Wliirlpool 4 .1

" Stamford, 4 ..

" Mount DorcJiester, D "

" Rl.DavidH, c u

'• Brock's P.Ionunifnt, H "

" Qupenstoii, h .»

" F.CeorgcnndNiag'n. H "

" St. CatliorinpH, 10 .1

" ^Valcrloo Ferry, 14 <«

" Fort Kric, j,j ..

" City of Toronto, r)0 ♦'

Tlio Whirlpool.

II. Xifigiira Wivcr,

22. Pl;;cc to dcsci-iid ihc i,,„)k%

A. Prosppct Poiiii.

33. Snioolli rock, from wIiciut a

Ktonchas bcpn llii-o\vii ncro^s

the IJivcr.
41. Flsliln? croiinds,
C. Outlet.

1). iJefeclory, British side.
y. e-'nmnuT House, American

hdp IRIS

^n.,.^

iv ^^:-

C^iJ^!L3^1^•^£^.^^.IJ^ iM^imzs^im

m 4 L, t^:: ^ : ,^ ,t ci^' ''''' r :!' ^'' "^^^ ^-'^'- ^^-At^oncn mn, about 320 v.

frou. the Fulls d^sc^.ub Oir , t" ''."""^^^ to the Islands, passing over the rapids. 6-where
aus, d.sco„d, 104 feet to Lew..(on; from thenoe seven t^.ile., to Lake Ontario, 2 i^,L

Ave ^h^^^\-^(""^^'^HP\ %v l'^'

IRIS

" /r.

''■■/'

■ '^ / i - . k.

^{\-

^ ■

V n

3 |f n^

-j^^j^^r^^^jt^Tj^.r^jO'C^raa^:^.

\mcricnn Fall, about TySO yards nrounrl, 104 frcl hi,c4,. r'_rrr,.ent Fall, about 33 yards nrn,u>r?,
inted nl 90 foot. Ferry below the Falls, is 50 rods wide; pas^aae from five to ten minutop. 5,084,-
)iir Lours. From 200 to 250 feet, is the average height of the batiks of the river around the Fall?,
over the rapids. 6-where Robinson dceccnd.'d in the rapids to enve Chapin. The river in six miles
) Lake Ontario, 2 {<iQ\,

>1{— i'rn:|nTt Towrr sujii r«'riiit m

S— noiiil, wiislieil nwny,

V—t'rPM*wn«>r Centre Fall, under

wldMi w Ingrnliiuii's riivt*.
V— Pn|i»r .lini.
:i2— ''resliVlcrian C'liurcli.

Distances frora the Araeri-
fcan 1l6tcls, II. 8.

rollliitli aiid Iris T. Iirjdt.'r, 40 rnd<i|

" Ferry, and Wiirc's Oli-

srrvatory, 100

" rVrry I^uiding, »2.1

'" Horse Shoe Falls, crof!-

siiig bridgcand i.'^huid, 1-1

" Walk Frtniid tJ»r. Isliind, \ 1-1

•' I'diiuV'irw, 3-t

■" .Mineral .Spring, 'i.

" Whirlpodl, 8

■" ncvil's Hole, 3 1-2'

■" Tuswirora Indian Village 8 '

" JjPwis'on 7 ii

"" I'orlNiat'ara 14 i-.

" Loikport liy raflroad 24 i"--

:: i^cli'oss'^r s. Ijoat !un(I'g, 2 V.

:'. Tonawanda, and Erie

canal 11 fi

i: Buffdlo Ciiy 'io \i

Entered urcording to Act of Congress, in tlie year eighteen
hundred and forty-one, by

FAXON & HEAD,

in tiie Clerk's Ofl'ice of llie Disiricl Court of tlie Norlliern District
of Ne\v-Yori«.

PRESS OP ROBT. D. FUV.

TO THE PUBLIC.

A former publicnlion of Ihc aiillior on tlic Falls of
Ningnra, having been very favorably received, he haa
been induced to combine with it another subject, alike
interesting to the travelling community. He has cur-
tailed and revised his l)ook on the Falls, and added
eeveral subjects and incidents, of late occurrence.

As travellers move along, it is a satisfaction to be-
come acquainted with the names of places — to havo
before them some notice or remark upon them, without
the trouble of inquiry; and when arrived at the spot to
which the tourist had directed his course, a directory
at hand, as this book is intended to be, to point out to
him the object he seeks to obtain, or the scenes of in-
terest he came to view, will prove to him a valuable desi-
deratum.

On the subject of the mineral waters of Saratoga,
much valuable information, as to their qualities, use, and
effects, has been derived from highly respectablo citizens
of that place.

IV.

To vifiitors to the Sprinps, who grncrnlly hnvo but
little leigurc to look over inedical niilhorities, and but Bniall
chance of gouiing correct inlurination from personal in-
quiry of individuals into whose company they happen
to fall, this compendium will prove very useful, in its
cautions and directions as to the use of the waters.
Those who wish to investigate further, will find in
those pages references lo some of the most approved
writers on these subjects.

As not unfitting to th'i work, the author has thought
proper in many places, to introduco some subjects, alone
interesting from tbolr locality — incidents of border war-
fare—and descriptions peculiar to the two great points
of attraction of which he treats.

The author flatters himself that his ])ul)lication will
not only perform the office of a useful and faithful guide
to travellers while on their tour, but that it will also
prove an agreeable present to friends and children,
when they return refreshed to their homes.

THE AUTHOR.

Niagara Falls , May, 1841.

COxN TENTS.

PART I.

page
Torn TO Raratooa Scrincis, Niagara Falls and Canapa.

Fstiin.i'c of Expenses 14

Tlif tour I'f^^'tm IS

JIikIsoii river siuMirry 10

V<»iil<ors. 'rujipjm. o't 20

I\Io\Mit I'lf'jis.-uit. Siiij; Sine, fit- 21

Till- Hii;lil;iii(ls. WcsT l'oiiit,t''c 22

r()iii;likf(*psic. Hyde I'iirk, etc 2.")

C'i y of Alhnny 2H

Route to the Springs, via Schenectady 29

" " " vlii Troy 30

Lnnsinirlinrjrli. Waterford. etc . 31

I?oii*e from /Ml)iiny to Niagara Falls 32

li'tle F;dls, I'ticu, Syracuse, etc 34

Roij'e from Syracuse, liy canal, to Ninfffira Falls 3.>

'Ri'ilrojid from liockport to Nia'iara Falls 37

Route ^rom Syracuse, l»v Lake Ontario 38

" ' " by Aulturu, cu- .30

City of BuflTalo, and distances from thence on the Lakes. . . 41

Routes from Niasrara r'alls throu<;ii Canatia 42

Rrantford, Toronto, etc 44

Socket's Harlior. Kinjrston, etc 45

Montreal, Qnehec, etc 47

Route from Albany to Boston > 49

PART II.

Jattnt to Sarat ■ioa Springs.

Arrival at the Snrlnjrs « 53

A''ipit to (^on^res^■ Spring rt4

Hamilton, 1»' "ud the Pavilion Springs 56

Analvsis ol ■ u rs o7

Flat Hock, fii, I ■■• ,e Springs 58

HlL'h Hock Spt.u.„ 50

Ballston Spa 63

Observations on mineral waters 04

VI.

pnf6

Thrlr wnonn n drink, nnrl tnfrlirlnnlly []JJ

•' " In llie balli, uiul hiiiliiiij,' i"^

Thr cold lialll V{

T\i>' tepid and wiirin hiith i'*

Tin* viipor linth i' I ' Lj^

Diseases t'nr wiiii-li the Sarat()<;a watets are let'oniuiendcil. . r*

The vill.ijie of tSiirato^a f]

IMil.tir Mouses '"

AiiiiiseMieiit< ;

Coveiit (iardt'ii, fanilihiiir. t'tc j -

Hides, halls, and asseiiililics jl'l

Churches ' *

PART III.

TllK FaI.T.S of XiAOAnA, WlIIIU.l'OOI,, ISLAXnS, &c.

Jaunt to tiie I'alls of Niagara. . % \]>y

Descrip'ion of the I'alls j "J

Incpiiries answered J"

Names and initials on llic ro(d;s and trees. Ml

Mists around the l''iills, and op;ii'al illusions H'^i

Francis Aliliott, the licruiit J '4

Alevandei's lea]) '"ff

Fisii and anjilint: [•*

Hunting irrounds and frame I'-^I*

Road down the hank IxJ.

Point View \}»

Villa<re ot Nia^rara Falls - • • ''^'^

Hides of pleasure '•''•

Jaunt to Iris and olhcr islands l'|P^

The l)rldy;e to the island ^j-

Bath island J|^

A darinu enterprise ] jjj

Prospect island J;"'

Ijij/raham's Cave *'''|

The Hi Id'e staircase '•''■

Horse Shoe Falls jC'J

Prospect Tower.. l-.''*

Impressions of visitors 1''4

^Vinter scenery ]•;?«

ghrnhs a. d pi mts '-^^

Vei^s. Is ' It over the Fulls !•'>"

Ttloii: islui.d |5i

Th« Low Familv l';-*

■William Chamliers |Vi»

Expedition to Navy island, and steamboat Caroline IhY

Ownnunffa. or (irand island IJ^

Jaunt to the Whirlpool 1^7

Ond Pierce, Esq ' '»

Mineral Spring *J^

Description of the WHiirlpool 1|"-

Benjamiu Ilaihbun l^**

pnte

. 0(1

. OH

. 71

. 7H
. H'i
. H7

. to

. 1>1

. J»'i

. SI.3

. 1)1

• •

.100

I • •

.101

• • •

. I(H

• • •

.III

• • *

. ll'i

1 • • •

.111

• • •

.li'i

• ■ •

.1-24

• • •

. 1 •.!(•)

• • •

. \'ii

• • *

.1.10

r » •

13-2

• • •

.134

• • «

.130

« • •

.ll'i

. • •

.145

■ « •

.110

a • •

.110

• • •

.l.)0

• • •

.151

• • •

.152

• • •

.l.»3

• • •

.154

• • • • •

.156

• • •

.158

1 • • •

.159

• • •

.101

• • • •

.103

• • •

.105

• • •

.107

• • -

.170

• • •

.177

» • • •

.179

• • •

.181

• • • • •

.1F2

1 • • •

.195

vu.

n.ittlf of tlio DoviVs Hole '^<[l

Tusnir«»ra IndiuiH *J*

Littl«"v;i:i.f ^««

Esiiipc from liidinns *"»

Lpu htoii . . . f\\

Five \\\\\v meadow * *

Fort NiJiL'Jirii *'*

•Willi.iiri MorjiHU f^^

Jidiii Carroll f^^

Jaunt to Canai.a ^-^

View from llie stairs "•*

Pcriloim dos'Tiit of llic ladder '-^•'

C.-.tlhi's Ciivf. 'f;;-

Villa"!' ot' Clitioii • -*"

Tal.l.- I{.).'l< f^.

Vi\<A\\'J. miller thf "^liect of water -s-'J

(idiiiL' over the I'alls |ji>4

C^aiial lioat incident I*;*'!

f3:ininel S rei'f. Col. < lark -•'"

Citv of liic Tails ;^J

DrnmiHonK ille --j-

IJroi-U's :Mnnnineiit -\'*

Town of MaL'ara -s^"

:>fH(Ki r.ANKors NoTirFS.

Me liriiial vitu 's ot t lie air . ...»•.... !••..••••• *■**

4 ieolo'iv of Niairara I'^ali-* • • - '

.lolm Uownin'-'aiid the Wliirli)ool 'il!>

l)(>ath of Dr. lluML'erford |-'»'J

Ailventure anioiii.' the rapi Is '-J^

Clirono'ou'ii'al la'.dc of events at Xiau'ara Fulls 'iu

Distances '^^

^ !

Note. — The following Ehceis having been prepared
during the past winter, the rates of fare arc inserted as es-
tablished last season. On the following routes they have
this ycQx been reduced, and ore now as follows:

New- York to Albany, by steamboat, $1,00, board extra.
Syracuse to Rochester, by packets, $3,00, and found.
Rochester to Lockport, " .f 2,C0

to Buffalo, " $2,75,

ERRATA.

Page 88, 9(h line, for " G3," read " 87."
** 45, 2d " for "from," read "to," and for "of,"

read "on."
" 73, 30th line, for " intomperancc," read "temper-

ance.

>»

** 78, 23d line, for " wary," read " wavey."
" 86, 2Gth line, for " fount," read " forest."
" 126, 14th hne, for "some kind," read " the same

kinds."
" 188, 9th line, for "bridge," read "lodge."
" 196, 16th line, for " to calling," road " to the call-
ing."

prepared

ted as es-
hcy have

•

ird extra.
d found.

((

PART I.

THE TOURIST.

CONTAINIVO

for "of,"
"temper-

the game

HINTS TO TRAVELLERS,

ROUTES, DISTANCES, CONVEYAx\C£S,

EXPENSES,

BESCRIPTlOxX OF SCENERY,

&c. i&C.

> the call-

•%

•■ I

TO TRAVELT.ERS.

ESTIMATE OF EXPENSES, AND OTHER HINTS.

" Put money in thy purse."

In concluding upon a tour of business, of pleasure, or
of health to Saratoga Springs, to the Falls of Niagara, or
to both of these jilacee, among otlicr calculations and
arrangements it is customary to make some euitablo pro-
vision for the expenses, to consider the modes of con-
veyance, to count over the distances, and to know the
length of time that the journey will require.

Money. — This potent talisman, this charm more pow-
erful than the sorcerer's wand, must l)c the lirst object of
the traveller's attention. A sufficient amount must be
appropriated ; select such a stock of bank bills as will go
currently through the country you intend to pass. In the
State of New- York, Safety Fund and the General Bank
bills, which on the Bank Note List stand at no higher
discount than 2 per cent, will answer to pay expenses.
Upper Canada bills in the Upper Province, and Lower
Canada bills in the Lower, will do the best. Let your
hills be a mixture of small an.d large, that you may
t

TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS,

' i

Bfi^'jjagc — Cljoice of Borllis.

i M

always be supplied with change. It will be bad policy
to carry with you foreign, uncurrent, or doubtful bills,
unless you are disposed to quarrel with all to whom you
pay money, and to pass as a suspicious character. Keep
a few dollars in your wallet for present use, and the resi-
due of your money in some secure place about your person.
Baggage. — Let it be as compact, and in as small a
compass as possible. Have your trunks firmly made and
well strapped, and painted on them your initials, or full
name, with place of residence, in fair white characters.
If you travel alone, a simple valise or cloak bag only, will
, cause you to feel very independent. The company of
ladies will greatly increase your baggage; not only band-
boxes will be added, but one or two large trunks for every
lady. Never carry with you what is superfluous, but just
what is sufficient. A cloak, or over-coat, should not be
omitted. Paul Pry's indisijcnsable, an um.brella, can be
purchased any where on your route; and almost every
other small article that you may require. Put up no
pills, and take no medicine while travelling. Stop when
you consider medicine necessary. Never lose sight of
your baggage unless it is locked up.

Steam-Boats. — Always engage your passage as soon
as you can. The farther your berth is from the boilers
the more safe and pleasant it will be. If you come on
board late and should not like the remaining berths, or a
settee, insist upon having one of the reserved berths.
When you go at an early hour on board of a steamboat,
and find a long list of names in the same hand writing,
apparently engaging all the best berths of the boat, such
as **Mr. Drain," *< Mr. Lane," and "ditto," "ditto,"

NIAGARA PALLS AND CANADA.

ad policy
Ifui billB,
'horn you
ir. Keep
the reei-
ur person.
8 small a
made and
Is, or full
haracters.
only, will
mpany of
inly band-
I for every
3, but just
lid not be
la, can be
lost every
Lit up no
(top when
e sight of

e as soon
he boilers
L come on
jrthe, or a
;d berths,
jteamboat,
d writing,
boat, such
" ditto,**

Railroad Cars — Packet Boats.

or some similar device, you may be sure that it is ficti-
tious. This is an every day practice; and in this way
acquaintances and favorites enjoy the best berths, and the
uniniliated traveller has to put up with what he can get.

Railroad Cars. — The cars from the engine to the
centre have the least motion, and are considered the
easiest, and those in the rear the safest. But in these,
or in other respects, upon railroads, there is little choice.
Very little advice can be given as to avoiding accidents.
Do not sufler yourself to sleep in the cars; take your
seats before the cars start, and do not get out until they
have stopped. Always ascertain the hour of starting and
be on the ground a few minutes before. Ever have your
eyes around you, and keep out of harm's way Never
ride upon railroads in the night, unless it is really neces-
sary that you should hasten your journey. Railroad
travelling at night is very uncomfortable, and is attended
with more danger than during the day.

Packet Boats. — Enter your name as soon as you get
on board, that you may have a berth if you should remain
over night. Do not put your head out of the cabin win-
dows; keep below as much as practicable, and when on
deck look ahead for the bridges, and before passing them
come down on the lower after deck. For the feeble, and
Ihose who are worn out with fatigue, the canal boat af-
fords the best accommodations. It glides along so quietly
that you can repose and slumber as undisturbedly as in
your own c'aamber.

Stage Coaches — Of these old fashioned conveyances
little need be said. Ladies are always accommodated
with the back seat. The middle scat is the easiest, the

TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS,

Mii

I lii

Fure — Price of lioard.

front seat the best to sleep on; but if you arc subject to
sickness when riding, always avoid it. Potit coaches, if
not crowded with too many passengers, over good roads,
in fair weather, ofibrd the most safe and agreeable mode
of transit of any other; but the fly-away character of
travellers is fast driving them out of use. From these
vehicles the scenery of the country cnn always be advan-
tageously viewed; and as the wheels roll on, the hours
pass in social chat, free remark, amusing anecdotes and
gay sallies, often truly pleasant and interesting.

Newspapers. — On leaving a city, or other place of
importance, before the boat or cars move off, buy the
latest and most interesting papers. On meeting another
boat, or train of cars, have some papers ready to exchange.
In this way, as you will generally travel in advance of
the mail, you will c , ; find yourself in possession of the
iatest news. On boar, .f boats and at public houses leave
papers, but abstract none. Destroying and stealing news-
papers is not an original Yankee practice. That Vandal-
ism, with others of a like nature, should be frowned
down.

From New- York to Saratoga, vin. Albany and Troy,
the highest rate of fare usually charged is $4,75. The
lowest rate will amount to very little more than half that
sum. By the way of Schenectady it may cost $5.

The traveller may leave New- York in the afternoon
steamboat, and be in Saratoga the next day before dinner;
and if he pleases may be back again in New- York the
succeeding morning, having accomplished his visit in 36
hours.

Without reference to baggage and superfluities, $5,75

jubjcct to
ooches, if
>od roads,
ible mode
iracter of
•om these
be advan-
the hours
dotes and

place of
buy the
g another
exchange,
dvance of
ion of the
uses leave
ing news-
it Vandal-
3 frowned

nd Troy,
,75. The
1 half that
|5.

afternoon
re dinner;
-York the
^ieit in 36

NTACARA FALLS! AND CANADA.

lUffcTent Roiilos, and cost.

les,

55,75

is an ample sum to pay all necessary expenses from New-
York to Saratoga.

At Snratotrn the price of board per week is from $10 to
$)2, nt tlH! best hotcJB; and per dny from ,f 1,50 to $2.

The oflior public liousoa ehnrgo from $i (o $7 per
week; and from $1 to $'l,or, ^rr day.

Privnle boarding hoiiwH, of wbieb there arc a great
number, cliarge from ^'i to $12 per week.

Of other expenses at the Springs, it is unnecessary 1o
speak: they may be moderate or cxtrnvngnnt, according
to the notions or rlmrneter of the individnnl. As the pri^
CCS of lu-ovisions have fallen, the cost of living to travei-
lerf^ it is expected, will be reduced.

P>om the city of New- York to Niagnra Falls, or to the
city of T3nll)do, to the ordinary traveller or tourist, the
usual expense, when the journey is performed direct, by
steamboats, railroads, stages and jiackets, will be between
$20 and $22, and will include all that is respectable and
necessary.

Three days is as short a time as should be allowed for
the journey. Those who are interested in diflbrent routes
advertise a shorter period, but it is very seldom done in
less than three days, and is frequently more. Travelling
even at such a rate, is often more fatiguing than pleasant.

The expenses of living at Niagara Falls, and Buffalo,
varies but little from the like expenses at Saratoga, ex-
cepting at some of the most fashionable Hotels; and those
being equal to similar establishments in New- York city,
arc not backward in imitating them in their bills; bank
note paper, beautiful vignette, copy hand, round numbers.
There is an economical mode of conveyance that it may

I'l

111

TOUR TO SARATOC.A SPRINGS,

Stf*iuiil)0!itH from Ncw-Vork.

be interesting for eniigrnntH' nnd lliuHo Iruvcllcrs who
study economy more tlinn speed, to know: it is by the
steam tow boats on the Hudson river, and i'reight boats
on the canal.

By one line the passenger is carried through from New-
York to Bullido in six days, with board, for j|ll, and
without board for ^7,50.

On another line he is carried through in seven days,
without board, for , 1^0,50.

On board of the freiglit boats the passage \k'Y mile,
is H cent, and 2 cents with board.

The fare on board of the packet Iwats, with board, is
usually 4 cents per mile.

I M

! i i

THE TOIR BEGUN.

' " Land of flie forest and tlie rock —

Of dark blue lake and niighly river •,
Of mountains rcar'u aloft to mock
The storm's career, the lightning's shock—
My own green land forever I
liand of the lieantiful and brave.
The freeman's liome, the martyr's grave."

Much of the information that follows has been obtained
from actual observation and experience; the residue has
been gathered from, and collated with the best autho-
rities.

The usual mode of conveyance to Albany is by steam-
boats. Several pass and re- pass every day. The passcn-

llcrs who
8 by the
gilt boats

om Ncw-

|I1, and

roil days,

per mile,

board, is

n obtained
esidue has
est autlio-

by etcam-
'he posscn-

NIA(}ARA FALLS AND CANADA.

AVVpIiiiwlvPH — IJiiIl's Forry.

gcr boats t^tart in New- York IVom the foot of Courlland
street, and from the foot of JJarclry street. Jn Albany
they start from the pier at the foot of State street, and at
the foot of flnniilton street. The day boats go at 6
o'clock in the morning, and the night boats at 5 o'clock
ill the afternoon. The fare through is commonly f3,
meals extra, 50 cents. Competition sometimes carries
the fare down to 50 cents.

Besides the passenger boats there are also several freight
or tow boat?, which pass daily between the two cities.
Their price is $1 for passage, and meals extra, or the
passenger finds himaelf.

To those who have never been up the Hudson, a day
passage is recommended. Always to sleep in passing over
this noblest of rivers, and to loose the view of the varie-
gated scenery along its banks, evinces an unpardonable
ajiathy to the beauties of nature and the improvements
of man.

Weehawkcn, New- Jersey, 3 miles from New- York,
and 145 from Albany, on the west side of the river
— it commands a line view of the city. The range
of rocks called the Palisadoes, begin to make their ap-
pearance here, and continue 22 miles. The Monument
where Alexander Hamilton fell in a duel with Aaron
Burr, is observed near the water's edge. In former days
when duelling was more practiced by the citizens of New-
York than it happily is at present, this spot was the cho-
sen place for settling points of honor.

Bull's Ferry, west side, New-Jersey, is 10 miles from
New- York, and 138 from Albany. Near this place the
Palisadoes begin to assume a perpendicular attitude of
from 3 to 400 feet.

i
'A

* I'i

! Si

20 TOI'R TO SAHATOC-A KPRr\(JS,

Fori Liv — Vojikors — Pirrpoiii.

Fort Lee, 11 miles Iroin Nnw-York, niul i:J7 from Al-
bany, on tho brow of tbc I'liIiHiulooH, !5()0 feet from Ibo
wnter. Opposite, on York I^Innd, nrc the vcflti|TC8 of
Fort VVnHbinfi;ton. In the llovolution, n finiiken chcvnnx
(Ic frine exIciKh^l from one side of tho river to the other.

Yonkerrt, or riiinipfibiirgh, eaflt side, WeslcheHler ro.
N. Y. is 10 jMileH from New-York, and ]I)'2 from Albany.
The Bjiire of the church, and a men^ glimppo of the vil-
lage is oblnined as the 8tenml)oa< pnenes Imnlily along.
Here still filands the Hiibfelnntinl old mansion Iiouho of
the Phillips fnniily, once the head of Phillipw' mnnor;
and a venerable Etii,diHh church, still oecujjied by nn
Episcopal congregntion, many of (hem the dcsccndnnts
of the first settlers. A fine mill slrt^nm puts into the
Hudson. Tho formation of the ground, and the large
fruit and shade trees that cluster around, make this a
beautiful place.

Between this and the city of New-York, the river on
t\\e east side, with the exception of some rough and rocky
heights, is lined with highly cultivated farms and si)lcn-
did country scats.

Tappan, west side, Rockland co. N. Y. is 23 miles
from New- York, and 125 from Albany. From hence to
its source, the whole course of the Hudson is through
the State of New- York. Tappan village is hid from
view.

Pierpont, west side, Rockland co. N. Y. is 25 miles
from New- York, and 123 from Albany. The great
southern railroad, which is to extend to Lake Eric,
commences at this place. Here the river expands to
three miles in width and used to be called Tappan sea; it

NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA.

t'roni Al-
from llio

Cflli|TC8 of

I chcvnux
w other.
.108 (cr CO.

II Albany.
)f the vil-
ily niong.

house of
' iiiniior;
(1 by mi
scciulnnts
I into tlic
Hie lar<^e
to this a

) river on
ind rocky
nd flplcn-

23 miles

hence to

through

bid from

25 miles
'he great
ke Erie,
qiande to
m sea; it

f^inir Sill!? Prison — Aniliony's Nose;.

is now less dignilie.l, nnd is only termed Tnpi.nn boy.
Not ffir from this viUnge, Major Andre was executed.

Tarrylovvn, ca.st side, 2li mdes from New- York, and
V22 iVoiM Albmiy — Noted as the 'ace where Major An-
dre wad ciii)lured.

Above 'i^ni-rylown, and extendir? ■ Sing Si g, there
rises lioni the shore on the east side, ...ant Pleasant, a
commantbrig and delightful trad, presenting iicin the
river a most beautiful prosjjoct of rural scenery.

Sing Sing, east side, WcKlehester co. .-^2 nn'Ies from
New- York, and }W fr„m Albany, is the location of one
of the New- York Slate Prisons. It was built by the
convicts from Iho marble got from the premises. The
Croton AcqueducI, which is to supply the city of New-
York wilh water, commences near this place.

Ilaverslraw, west side, ]lockland co. 38 miles from
New- York, aiul IJO from Albany. The river in front
is called llaverstraw bay. Further up the river, in this
township, arc vestiges of Stony Point, and Forts Clin,
ton and Montgomery, famous in the events of the Rev-
olution.

Croton, east side, Westchester co.
Cortlajid, <' <<

Peekskill, cast side, Westchester co. 44 miles from New
York, and 104 from Albany.

The Inst mentioned village is a thriving place. Ver-
planck's Point is in the same township, upon which onco
stood Fort Fayette, now scarcely dieccrnable.

Anthony's Nose, on the east side, 44 miles from New.
York, and 104 from Albany, a high bluff of 1128 feet,
in former days, before steamboals abolished time and

■«ik1

ill!

TOUR TO RARATOOA SPRINGS,

! i

West Point — Miiifary Aciulciiiy.

Bpncc in travelling, Ihn i)aB8ing of the noec wns to the
nnvigntors of the ll\ulfl(>n, what crossing the line is to
sailors on the ocean; the novice was obliged to pay a
forfeit, which was devoted to the increase of red noses.
It is not contended hy those who have seen this promon-
tory that it hns any great resemhlnnce to a nose.

The river narrows in jinssing through the Highlands,
which extends nearly 12 miles, presenting on coch side
noble and picturesque scenes; high acclivities, sloping
heights, and deep ravines, advance and recede before the
opectator ab the boat drives along.

West Point, west side, Orange co. Fort ! iitnam, 53
miles from New- York, and 1)5 from Albany. At this
memorable place in the Revolution, there was a chain
stretched across the river, intended to cut off the nav-
jtration from below; but the British in 1777, succeeded
in removing it, and passed up the river as far as the
village of Kingston, which they mercilessly burnt. The
Military Academy was established here in 1802. 250
students arc only admitted. The sons of revolutionary
officers have the first claim; those of deceased officers of
the last war the second. Pupils arc only admitted be-
tween the ages of 14 and 22. There are 30 Professors.
A cadet costs the government $336 annually. The period
of study is 4 years. They encamp 6 or 8 weeks each
year. A well kept hotel is established at West Point,
for the accommodation of visitors.

It may be justly observed as respects the Military
Academy — its operation is, on one hand, to make scien-
tific and patrician officers, and on the other degraded and
plebian soldiers. For republicans, the present military

NIAfJARA FAF.LH AND CANADA.

Milimry Aciidciny.

^'nH to the
line ia to
I to pay a
red nosofl.
is promon-

highlands,

each side

3B, eloping

before the

lit nam, 53
. At this
as a chain
r the nav-

succeeded

far as the

irnt. The

.802. 250

^olutionary

officers of
mitted be-
Professors.
The period
veeks each
''est Point,

e Military
lake scien-
graded and
it military

eyHlcni is a bad one, allogdher incompatible with tho
|)rinciple8 of democracy; principles so d'^arly cherished by
all parlies of the Americnn people. At present, the sol-
dier, however meritorious he may be, is cut of from all
chance of promotion, and all appointments to office arc
made by the grace; and favor of the rich and influential.
Jt is not denied but that the present officers of the army
are highly respectable; eiiuaily true it is, that the private
soldiers are in the very lowest state. In so low an esti-
mation k the army held, that it is with the utmost diffi-
culty recruits are obtained to fill the ranks of the i)resent
small establishment. Do away with favoritism; let the
government make every fort and garrison a military
school; illowof no promotion except from the ranks: <'He
that would command, must first learn to serve;" ^nd tho
profession would soon become honorable. There would
be no need of increasing the pay, of giving bounties, or
of drumming up for recruits in the present vulgar way,
at taverns and grog fihoi)8. A live years term of service
would be but a course of education mixed with military
duties. Study, and the pursuits of useful knowledge,
would take the place of idleness and dissipation; and tho
army, instead of being shunned as the last resource of the
most degraded, would soon be filled with the eUte of tho
brave and youthful of the country. Such a system would
not only be novel, but great and exalting. A national
army, composed of the youth of the land, emulating each
other in the studies to fit them for the double capacity of
citizens and soldiers; forming at all times a powerful body
of men, to meet the exigencies of war; or in peace, to
maintain the supremacy of the laws and the integrity
of the Union.

TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS,

il:

\> :.

oM Spring — Nnwhui'.'li.

Cold Spring, east side, Putnam co. 53 niilea from
New- York, and 95 from Albany. The West Point Fonn-
dry is at this village. Of the hills in thia part of the
highlands, Crow's Nest, on the west side, is a high peak.
Butter Hill, is the last of the range of mounts on the
west side. It is 1589 feet high.

Bull Hill, on the cast side, is 1480 feet.
Break-neck Hill, on the cast side. On a part of the
rock on the south side, there is a fancied resemblance to
the human countenance. It is called the Turk's face.

New Windsor, on the west side. Near this village
there still stands a house in which General Washington
resided with his family nearly all the winter of 1774.

Newburgh, west side, C2 miles from New- York, and
86 from Albany. It is the half-shire town of Orange
CO. A fine stream of water spreads over this township,
and affords many mill privileges. The farmers arc
wealthy— -great enterprise is the distinguishing trait of
the citizens of Newburgh. Many roads concentrate at
this place, and much business is done. Large quantities
of butter, and of the finest quality, arc here shipped for
the New- York market. Tlic place has a fine appearance
from the river. Passengers to the southern tier of coun-
ties frequently disembark here, and take the Ithaca stage,
which runs daily.

Fishkill Landing, cast side, Dutchess co. C2 miles from
New- York, and 80 from Albany. It is nearly opposite
Newburgh, and is 5 miles from Fishkill village. The
MatteaM-an Cotton Factory at this place, gives employ-
ment to 300 persons.
New Hamburgh, cast side, Dutchess co. (>? miles

from

siness

LI i ■

NIA(JARA PALLS AND CANADA.

08 from
nt Fonn-
rt of the
gh peak.
s on the

rt of the
blance to
! face.
8 village
ishiiigton
774.

fork, and
f Orange
township,
mors arc
g trait of
3ntratc at
quanlitiea
lipped for
ppcurancc
r of coiin-
aca stage,

nilcs from
/ opi)08itc
ge. The
8 employ -

Poiijihkocpsio — Hyde Park.

Kff

miles

h-om x\ow-York, and 81 from Albany. This is an active
liUlc village, with a good landing, Rtore-hoiieee, draw-
bridge, and other improvements indicative of prosperity.

Milton, west side, Ulster co. GS miles from New- York,
and 80 milea from Albany. The inhabitants arc princi-
pally dcBcendants of English families settled here at an
early period.

New Pnllz, west side, Ulster co. 70 miles from New-
York, and 73 from Albany. This is a well improved
portion of country. The farms arc good and well cul-
tivated. The ijihabitunts arc of Dutch descent,- their
ancestors settled here as long ago as 1G70. Substantial
stone houses indicate the foresight and good condition of
the citizens.

Poughkeepsie, east side, 76 miles from New- York, and
72 from Albany. It is the county town of Dutchess.
The principal portion of the village is hid from the
river. The streets are neatly kid out, and shaded with
ornamental trees. A fine creek with many mill privile-
ges, run along the north part of the village, aflbrding '
many in-st rate sites for manufactories: several of which
are already in successful operation. Poughkeepsie stands
among the foremost river towns in the extent of its bu-
siness, and wealth of its inhabitants.

Hyde Park, east side, Dutchess co. 82 miles from
New- York, and CG from Albany. The village of Hyde
Park is near the centre of the township, but there are
several landing places oii the river. It is a beautiful
township oi land, and noted as being the residence of se-
veral gcnllemen of eminence, wealth and taste.
Rhinebeck, east side. Diiti'h"=-« r-i nA__-i- r
o

' ini i k

■1

HMi!'!

TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS,

Kinsrstoii — I'alHkill Mouiiliiiiis

York, and 58 from Albany. It was settled by Germans
nt an early day. Many of the inhabitants arc tenants
to large proprietors, but the great estates are frittering
away, and the number of freeholders are gradually in-
creasing.

Kingston, west side, Ulster co. 90 miles from New-
York, and 58 from Albany. It is the county seat, and
lies three miles west of the Hudson from Kingston Lan-
ding, which is opposite to Khinebeck. Before it was
burnt by the British in 1777, it was called Esopus. It
was settled by the Dutch, in IC16. On the south bounds
of the township of Kingston, Walkill creek passes into
the Rondout, which here enters the Hudson. One mile
from the river is the termination of the Delaware and

Hudson canal.

Lower Red Hook Landing, east side, Dutchess co.
is 9G miles from New-York, and 52 from Albany. —
There is an Upper Landing of this name, and a Post-
Office at each. The township is wealthy, and among its
inhabitants are some of the oldest and most considerable
names of the State. Several branches of the Livingston
family reside here, and their seats are distinguished by
choice of location and elegance of structure.

Saugerties, west side, Ulster co. 103 miles from New-
York, and 45 from Albany. The village is a mile west of
the Landing.

Catskill, west side, Greene co. 112 miles from New-
York, and 36 from Albany. A line of stages run from
here to Ithaca, as well as from Newburgh. Tasscngers
intending to visit the Pine Orchard, which is distant
about 9 miles irom the Hudson, and is elevated 3000 feet

jrerinans

tenants

rittering

lally in-

im New-
seat, and
ton Lan-
e it was
opus. It
h bounds
isses into
One mile
ware and

chess CO.
Llbany. —
d a Post-
among its
msiderablc
Livingston
fuished by

rom New-
ile west of

rom Ncw-
I run from
Passengers
is distant
a 3000 fuel

l;i

I
I

NIACAl^A PALLS AND CANADA.

Hudson — Atliciis — 0\ erHluiijrli.

above tide wafer, disembark at this place. The Moun-
tain H0U8C, and the majestic* scenery of the Catskill
Mountains, are nnich frequented by travellers.

The city of Hudson, east side, 111) miles from New-
York, and 29 from Albany, is the capital of Columbia
county. Considerable foreign commerce is carried on
from this city, and especially the whaling business has
been j)r()secutcd with much energy. Those who visit
hvhnium Springs, aiul the Slinker's village, debark here,
atid take the Jludson and Borkehire railroad, which runs
through Lebanon, and conveys passengers to the Springs
for $1 ,()2|, The water of these Springs is at the uniform
temperature of 72^ Fahreidieit. It is agitated by a con-
stant ennssion of nitrogen and azotic gas, and the place is
bcconu'ngone of considerable .esort.

Athens, 119 nu"les from New- York, and 29 from Alba-
dy, lies opposite Hudson, in Greene co. It is incorpora-
ted, and the village rises pleasantly from the river. Here
is the dose of ship navigation.

Coxsackie, west side, Greene co. 127 miles from New-
York, ajul 21 from Albany.

Kinderhook Laiuling, east side, Columbia co. 132 miles
from New- York, and 16 from Albany.

New Baltimore, west side, Greene co. 134 miles from
New- York, and 14 from Albany.

Coeymans, west side, Albany co. 137 miles from New-
York, and 11 from Albany.

Schodack Landing, Rensselaer co. 138 miles from New-
York, and 10 from Albany.

The Overslaugh, 145 miles from New- York, and 3
from Albany, is a shallow and difficult part of the river,

'f^l^w

TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS,

Ciiy of Albiiiiy.

where vcBsels are often grounded, and the larger class of
Steamboats are occasionnUy obliged to stop, ntul have their
passengers conveyed to the city by smaller boats.

i! I

\i I-

1,1

THE CITY OF ALBANY.

" Co forth into the fioMs,

Ye denizens of tlio- pent city's mart '.
Go forth and know tlie jiladness nature yiehlg
To the cure wearied heart."

The capital of the State of New- York is in latitude 42°
39' 99'' north. In magnitude and importance, it is the
eecond city in the State.

At Albany, travellers usually make such stay as their
amusement, business or interest demands. Few leave the
city by the first conveyance after their arrival. The ob-
jects of interest about the city are first to be seen, some
business is to be performed, or some new arrangements to
be made for the further prosccul ion of their journey.

As the tour to the Springs is not direct to the Falls of Ni-
agara, the different routes will be here distinctly described
to the traveller. During his stay at Albany, if he takes
the subject into consideration, by having the necessary in-
formation before him, he will be better enabled to make up
his mind as to his future progress.

NTAOAriA FALLS AND CANADA.

f^cheiuTtJ'.dy — IJallsloii iSpa.

r class of
tiave their

atilude 42°
3, it ie the

ny as their

vv leave the

:. The ob-
seen, some

igemente to

rncy.
Falls of Ni-

ly described
if he takes

lecessary in-
to make up

ROUTE TO SAIIAT0(^A RPRLXGS, FROM ALBANY,
VIA SCHENf^CTADY.

Tbo railrond oflipo f )r Scbciicotndy and wcetorn coun-
try, and for Snraloga, will be readily found, at the upiicr
<Mi(l of State street, on the riirht Ride, a sliort distance be-
fore reaching? the capitol. The fnj-c, usually $2, to Sara-
toga, is paid at this oillce.

The city of Schenectady, 10 miles from Albany and 22
from Saratoga, is the capital of the county of the same
name — it lies by the side of the Mohawk river, which
lK)unds it on the west. ItiP an old place, and in its early
day the inhai)itnn(s sulTored severely from the incursions
of the savages. The Erie canal passes through Schenec-
tady, and it is a great thoroughfare for travellers, but their
stay here is very short, the greatest number having barely
time to pass from one set of cars to another.

On leaving Schenectady, the cars pass over a fine rail-
road bridge, and then turn in a northern direction.

Ballston Spa, 31 miles from Albany, and 7 from Sara-
toga, is the county scat of Saratoga county. It is a place
of considerable importance, and it is evident that there has
been no lack of cntcrpise on the part of the inhabitants, yet
it is equally plain that it is not now advancing. The med-
ical Si)ring8 at this place once stood in the highest estima-
tion; the visiting community gathered round them, and
the public houses were crowded. The :San3 Sotici, a
very large and spacious hotel, was erected; but Saratoga
has grown into popularity, and Ballston has been measura-
bly deserted. Still however, in the summer season, it has

a*;

■"HI""

• L . l|ltl

•

lis

, 1

;i!

TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRIX08,

Wiitcrv lict — Troy

a shnro ot'lho luisiir'ss; ninny bunrders sojourn nl the \nih\\c
houses, mid the visitors nro conslnntly jmssinir iVoin one
viDnge t») Iho other. The line t»n the raih-oad hetweeii
(licsn two jilaces, ifl 37i cents.

PasflinS fnMn IJallHton, the 7 niih^s nro soon run over,
and the traveller is landed at {Saratoga, J58 miles from Al-
bany.

ROUTE TO SARATOGA SPRINGS PROM ALBANY,

VIA TROY.

A steamboat generally runs hourly back and forth from
Albany to Troy; the fare is usually 12J cents. Stages run
every half hour — they will take you up at the public hou-
ses, and put you down in any place you direct. The fare
is 25 cents.

Watcrvlict, or West Troy, on the west side of tlie Hud-
son, 5 miles from Albany, and IM from Saratoga, is a
smart and growing village. A United States Arsenal, of
considerable magnitude, is maintained at this jilace.

The city of Troy, on the cast Eidt of the river, 6 miles
from Albany, and 33 from Saratoga, is the county seat
of Rensselaer. The river is here about 900 feet wide, and
the tides of the ocean arc perceptible in a slight rise and
fall of the water. This Troy is hardly less famed than its
great namesake of antiquity. It is distinguished for its
rapid yet sure and etablc growth, for the untiring enter-

he i)ublic

inun one

helweeii

run over,
from Al-

LBANY,

forth from

Singes mil

)ul)lic hou-

The fare

f the Hud-
toga, is a
A.r8ennl, of
ace.

r, 6 miles
ounty scat
\ wide, and
it rise and
ed than its
hed for its
ring enter-

"Wl

NIAOAUA FALLS AND CANADA.

111

LanHiiijrlmrjj:!! — Walorford,

priHc of its citizens, and for the stream of prosperity and
opulonee Uiat pours in upon them. The traveller to tho
Sj)ring8 here lakes the railroad cars. The ffire is ,f 1,50.

Lansinghurgli, on Ihc east side of the Hudson, in Reus-
Rolaer county, is 9 miles fnmi Albany, and 30 from Sara-
toga. It is seen from the cars, and is a flourishing place.

Waterford, Saratoga couniy, on the west side of tho
Frudsoi), where it is intersected with the Mohawk river, is
10 miles from Albany, and 2S) from Saratoga. It is a
considerable place, and is the head of sloop navigation.
Tho traveller is ready to inquire, how do all the cities
and villages so near together from Albany to Waterford,
continue not only to maintain their ground, but to improve
and flourish in an unprecedented maimer ? The only an-
swer is that the country adjoining is rich, and the people
industrious.

Mechanicsville, a town in Saratoga county, is 21 miles
from Albany, and J 8 from Saratoga. A canal runs thro'
the villnge. There is considerable water for hydraulic
purposes, and a Cotton Factory has been fbr some years in
operation.

Ballston Spa, and from thence the route is the same for
the next 7 miles, as on the first route from Schenectady.
The whole fare on the route via Troy to Saratoga Sprintre,
i8from$l,G2to$l,75. *

If it is the intention of the traveller on leaving the
Springs to go to Niagara Falls, he is advised to take the
route to the Springs, by the way of Troy, and to leave
them by the way of Schenectady. He will then be on his
direct way to the West. In all cases the tourist is advi-
sed to go to the Springs in one direction, and to return

i I

fcV

riiii

TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINOS,

Kciiiiirks lo Travellers.

li' in

1 '!

another: he will lose no lime by so doing, unci will ace
more of the coimlry.

Thnre nre m\ innncnsc nuni])er of trnvcUcrs cofislnnlly
pa8sin<5 onst and west throii<j;h Ihn cilii^R of AlbaTiy niid
Schcneolady, who have never been at the S})rin<,'8, but
would like to visit them. They have never troubled them-
selves to ascertain how easy, and cheap, such u very desi-
rable gratification is to be obtained.

To go from Albany lo Schenccfndy via Troy nnd Sam-
toga Springs, costs the traveller for fare, only $2,25 more
than to go direct to Schenectady. The same extra ex-
iSense occurs from Schenectady via Saratoga, &c. to Al-
bany. Who that can afford it would for so small a sum
forego the pleasure of a visit to the Spring?? The time
too, to tlie most hasty traveller, can be of little conse-
quence; a single day, or a night and half a day, will
suffice for a very hurried visit.

ROUTE FROM ALBANY TO NIAGARA FALLS,

i !l

i . 1

The railroad fare from Albany through to Utica is $3,75.
The distance is 94 miles; and to Syracuse 147.

After passing the uninteresting pine hills from Albany,
the cars descend the inclined plane to the city of Schenec-
tady, which is 16 miles from Albany, and 131 from Syra-
cuse; they stop in the spacious depot in that place, and
the passengers change their seals to the cars that carry
them through to Utica.

NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA.

i I

will ace

Dfislnnlly
)aTiy nml
in<^8, but
cd thcm-
^cry dcsi-

uid Sarn-
,2o nioro
?xtrn ex-
e. to Al-
ii a Bum
rhe time
le conse-
dny, will

ALLS.

is $3,75.

Albany,
Schencc-
Dm Syra-
ilace, and
hat carry

Atiistertlairi — Fonda -- Rocktoii.

The ride through the valley of the Mohawk is extremely
pleasant. Many villages are passed, some of them memo-
rable for revolutionary events; others are just springing into
existence, and are dietinguished by their new and fresh
appearance.

An.slenlam, Montgomery county, is 32 miles from Al-
bany, and 115 from Syracuse. The village is of old date;
of late years it has taken a new start, and it is in a thri-
ving condition.

Fonda, 42 miles from Albany, and 105 from Syracuse,
'8 a new place of two or three years growth onl-; it is the
county scat of Fulton, a county lately formed irom Mont-
gomery. The court house is a very respectable building,
an<' the prospects of general improvement appear favorable.
Here is an excellent eating house for railroad passengers —
they stop ten minutes; the same at Amsterdam, St. Johns-
vilk and Little Falls, for the purposes of refreshment.

Though it is not customary for travellers in this country
to dispense with a single meal, yet the effects of the ride on
the railroad, and the attractions of the luxuriously spread
tables are such at these houses, that the passengers usually
cat, as if they had not broken their fast before for a week.

St. Johnsville, a small village, 63 miles from Albany,
and 84 from Syracuse, is noted to railroad travellers by
its house of refreshment.

Rockton, or Little Falls, Herkimer county, is 73 miles
from Albany, and 74 from Syracuse. This place has abun-
dance of fine mill seats. The Mohawk is here broken by
many httle islands and rocks past which it descends with
much force, forming a variety of cascades and little falls.
An acqucdact bridge crosses the river to the Erie canal.

MHi

h - 1

TOrR TO SAKATOdA SPRTNOS,

rticn _ Uoiiu^— Svriu'usp.

The very wild and bold Hccnnry nroiiiid llookton, uinkcB it
a Bpot whicli the IravcUcr looks ii|)oii with Krcnt interest.

Herkimer, Si) miles from Albnny, nad ()7 from Syrneiisc,
is n post town on the Gcrmnii Flats.

The city of Ulicn, the enpilal of Oneida county, is i)4
miles from Albnny, and 53 from Syracuse. The central
Bitualion of this city has long given it a conmianding trade.
An unostentatious opuleiux-, niul a happy competency,
arc the characteristics of a large portion of its inhnbitnnts.
At Utica the traveller purchases a ticket in the oflice of the
Depository at which the cars stop for Syracuse, at $2, the
distance of 53 miles.

The route of the Syracuse road goes through Whites-
town, distant 100 miles from iVlbany, and 49 from Syra-
cuse, situated on a level near the M(»hnwk river.

The v" Inge of Rome, formerly Fort Stnnwix, is 107
miles from Albnny, and 40 from Syracuse. The Fort was
built by the British, in 1758. After the revolutionary
war, it was cnlled Fort Schuyler. Its ruins are slightly
discernable, near the bnidv of the Mohawk river.

The road passes through some other small villages that
are springing up at different intersecting thoroughfares.

Syracuse, is 53 miles from Utica, by the railroad. This
place has grown into importance since the construction of
the Erie canal, and has become the county seat of On-
ondaga. The manufacture of salt is here carried on ex-
tensively, both by boiling the water and by evaporation.
More than one hundred acres are covered with sheds and
vats for evaporating; and the salt thus made is consid-
ered superior.

Syracuse is a central point for travellers; in going west

NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA.

iimkcs it

tcrest.

iyrneiisc,

ly, is i)4
3 cent ml
11^ trnde.
ipotcncy,
inbilnnts.
ice of the
I $2, the

Whitrs-
m Syia-

c, is 107
F«irt wns
lulionnry
3 slightly

igcs that
fnres.

d. This
uction of
t of On-
d on ex-
iporntion.
sheds and
s consid-

aing west

t'annl Trav<!lliiip.

from tjiis place, throe diflercnt routes arc prcbeiitcd. Ono
hy the Erie cniuil, directly through lo Jldchesfcr and
Lockporl; thence l)y railroad to the Falls. One hy canal
and Htuirc to Oswego, thence hy steanihoats lo Lewiston,
and railroad to he trails. And the other hy railroad to
Auburn, and stages thence to Rochester, or Canandaigua
to Bullalo, and railroad to the Falls; or hy stages to
Lockport, and railroad to the Falls.

ROUTE FROM SYRACrSE, BY CANAL, TO
NIAGARA FALLS.

After the fatigue of the cars, if the passenger has come

direct fr(,ni Albany, 147 miles, it is a great relief to go

on board of the Packets. He can sit, or sleep, and in

other respects find himself entirely at his ease. The fare

to Rochester, 99 miles, is $4, with board. The tabic

is provided about as well as at ihe good hotels; the lodging

part, if there are many passcng.;^^.. cannot be favorably

spoken of, yet it is far better than is allowed by the jar of

the railroad cars, or the swing of post coaches. About

two days travelling on the canal is always an agreeable

change from other modes of conveyance.

The villages passed on the canal are —
Miles from
Syracuse.

2 . . . Geddesburgh, Onondaga co.
8 . . . Nine Mile Creek, "

Miles from
Rocliester.

. . 97

. . 91

.ninilliifi.

■m

f ;

1 i

1 1

•3

TOUR TO SARATOr.A HPRINCff,

^^m\

Canal Truvclling.

Miles from

Miles Croiii

Miles li

11 . 1

I^^H

HyrucuHC.

Hocliesier.

iiOrliC:^

^^H'

14 . .

. Cnnlon,

nondaga co.

• • '^^

27 .

20 . .

. Jordan,

. . 79 1

35 .

^^H

i 26 . .

. Wecdsport,

Cayuga co.

. . 73 \

39 .

^^^^H

27 . .

. Con Ire Port,

. . 72

44 .

^^^^^^^y i

,, 29 . .

ir . 35 . .

. Port Byron,

. . 70

45 .

. Montc/iima,

. . 04

51 .

46 . .

. Clyde,

Wayne co.

. . 53

03 .

55 . .

. Lyons,

. . 44

Fron

61 . .

. Lockvillc,

»•

. . 38

I i ccn

i ^ 02 . .

. Newark,

. . 37

slop tei

M 65 . .

. Port Gibson, '

Ontario co.

. . 34

at the .

^^^^^^^1

70 . .

. Palmyra,

. . 29

Lewist

^^H( :

i! ^ 81 .

. Fairport,

>»

. . 18

loconio

^^1

83 . .

. Fill lam's Basin

Monroe co. .

. . 10

The

89 .

, . Pittstbrd,

))

. . 10

Ridge

1 ' , 99 .

. . Rochester,

»»

• •

the disf

! : At the

city of Rochester, there is again puse

nted to the

The

1 1''

traveller

difTerent routes and conveyances to Ni

agara Falls,

Milos fr(
^ Iloclicsl

vii. .ock

port.

; First,

tt continuance by the cnnnl — a boat lei

ivcs shortly

11 .

; ;j , after the

arrival of the eastern

boat. The fare

is from $2

19 .

ij- ^ to $2,50

to Lockport; the disl

ance 63 miles.

35 .

^^B

•: ' The vi

llages passed are —

40 .

H^H

IMilos froii

iMilcs to

43 .

; ' llniilicster

•

Lockpori.

y i: 10 .

. . Spencer's Basij

1, Monroe co. .

. . 53

53 .

;::'■ 12 .

. . Ogden,

>»

. . 51 :.

61 .

15 .

. . Adams,

. . 48 1

And

.plr' 20 .

. . Brockport,

»>

. . 43 1

The

^^1

- ^ . 9i% .

. . Hnllnv.

Ol'lenns co.

. . 2S ^

, lavia, G

^^^^H

1 '^- '

J ,

\*f

■

MAfJARA FALLS ANL CANADA.

MiU',4 from

Itoi'linsKT.

. 85
. 7J)

. 7:i

. 72

. 70

. f)4

. 53

. 44

. 38

. 37

. 34

« f^*y

. 18

. IG

. 10

•

ted to the
i,fara Falls,

vcs shortly
is from ^2

IMilcs to
Lockporl,

48
43
38

liockporl and Nia»(iira Full-i llailroarl.

Murrny,

Alliiori,

Portvillo,

Oiik Orchard,

Modinn,

Miihilcport,

Lockjjorf,

Orleans co.

n
it

Nia<mra co.

Miles to

Lockp'.irt.

. 36

. 28

. 24

. IJ)

. 18

. 12

.Miles Irorii
Ilotlicstcr.

27 . .

35 . .

39 . .

44 . .

45 . .
51 . .
(13 . .

- ■ w • #

From Lockport to the Falla, hy railroad, 24 miles; furc,
1/ cents. At the village ef Pokin, lU miles, the cars
slop ten mimitcs, (o wood and water. 5J miles further,
at the Junction, the passengers going to Canada take the
Lewiston cars. That village is di^^tant only 2 miles. Tho
locomotive and train proceed on, 7 miles, to the Falls.

The second route from Rochester is hy stage, on tho
Ridgc road. The fare is ,f<2,50 in the summer ecason;
the distance 01 miles.

The villages paased arc —
INTilos from
Itoclicsicr.

G . .

11 . .

19 . .

35 . .

40 . .

43 . .

53 . .

Gl . .

Greece,
Parma,
Clarksoji,
Gaines,
Oak Orchard,
Ridge way,
Hartland,
Lockport,

Monroe CO.
It

»»

Orleans co.

Milop to

Lockpwrt.

55
50
42
^*>

And to tho Falls, by railroad, 24 miles.
The third route from Rochester, is by railroad, to Ca-

, lavia, Gcncaec county; fare, for 32 m\\v». ia *! r^\

From

dl l l|)| ' '»IW I »l|'WII!'iW l lll ll III

TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS,

Coiupurutive ExpeiiscH.

Ihencc by singe '.^2 miles, iiire $\,^yO, 1o Loekporl. Or to
Bullhlo, o9 niik-B, fare $2,50. And Iroiii theiicc by rail-
road, or Btenmbonl, lo Niagara Falls, 22 miles, fare 87 J
cent 8.

These routes present to the traveller the following rc-
Bulls, as to expense:

The first route from lloehester, by packet, to Lockport,
and railroad from thence to the Falls, the cost is $3,47 and
board, 63 miles.

2d. Stage by the Ridge road and railroad, $3,47.

3d. Railroad to Balavia, stage to Lockport, «fcc. $3,97.

4th. Railroad to Batavia, stage to BuiValo, and railroad
to the Falls, $4,87J.

ROUTE FROM SYRAtiUSE, BY LAKE ONTARIO.

iiiif:

Hill

■

Packet boat, or stage, to Oswego, at the month of Os-
wego river, on Lake Ontario, 38 miles; fare, $1,50. From
thence by steamboat, to Lewiston, on (he Niagara river,
150 miles; fare, $4. From thence to the Falls, by rail-
road, 7 miles; fare 50 cents.

As it is desirable to see Lake Ontario, and to pass over
its deep green waters, either in going up or returning, it
is reconmicnded to take this route, li' the tourist goes \o
Canada, the canal, or land route had bettor be taken in
going to the Falls, and the lake in pawaing down, or rc-

NrAOARA FALLS AND CANADA.

)rl. Or to
cc by rail-
?, fare 87J

llowing rc-

> Lockport,
$3,47 and

15,47.

Xsc. $:.{,97.

11(1 ruihoad

Kates of Fare — Dislfiiict^fl.

turmiig. T.) persons bound to tbc cily of Bufiiilo, or
to (lio Upper J.fikcH, Ibis is a pleasant and expeditious
route, and in an e(;onoinieaI point of view, botb as to
time and money, preferable; and travellers on busincBs
will bavo an oi)i)ortunity of seeinor ibe Falls without ex-
Vi'UBOy and without going out of their way. The time tlic
proprietors ndvertise to carry passengers from Syracuse to
Niagnra Falls, is 2-2 hours; and to Bufialo, in tbc short
space of 2'.H hours.

ROUTE FROM SYRACUSE, RY AUBURN.

STAKIO.

i)u(h of Os-
,50. From
igara river,
ills, by rail-
to pass over
eturning, it,
rist goes to
be taken in
own, or rc-

To Auburn, 2(5 miles, by railroad; fare, .f 1,25. From
Auburn to Canndnigua, the conveyance is by stage; tho
distance is 37 miles, and the villages it passes through are,

JMilcs from
Au!)urii,

9 .

11 .

15 .

21 .

37 .

Miles Jo
Canaiulaigua.

. . 28

. . 2G

. . 22

. . 16

. . Cayuga Bridge, Cayuga co.

. . Seneca Falls, Seneca co.

. . Waterloo, "

. . Geneva, Ontario co.

. . Canandaigua, "

From Canr.ndaigiia, this routes divides again into two
one leading to Rocheatcr, by railroad, 20 miles; faro
$l,12i; where the traveller will take one of the routes
alrcatly described, from that city to the Falls.

r-!!!|!r:'^r't;;i);n:Sttg*~!'s*^K

il.l

I Pi

TOUR TO SARATOGA BPRINGS,

Avon Spritifrs,

Or if he pleases, he may take the road to Buffalo by
Btage, distance 88 inilce, and pass through the following
villages:

Miles from Milos to

Caiiaiulaigua. Bulialo.

♦»

80
75
70
65
C3

8 . . . East Bloomfield, Ontario co.

13 . . . West Bloomfield,

18 , t . Lima, Livingston co.

23 , , , East Avon,

25 . , . Avon,
[Two miles north of Ihis village arc Ihe Avon Springs.
J They are sulphurous. The ncct)mniodations for visitors
nre such as are required, and Ihose Springs of late years
have been growing in favor with the public]

33 . . , Caledonia, Livingston co.

39 . . . Le Roy, Genesee co.

43 . . . Stafford,

49 . . . Batavia,

56 . . . East Pembroke,

62 . . . Pembroke,

70 . . . Clarence,

78 . . . Williamsville.

88 . . . City of Buffalo.

N. B. On some routes the price of fare is not esti-
mated, as on such it has been found to vary at different
periods it has been travelled over, upon the distance en-
gaged for, and for other causes, satisfactory to the propri-
etors of the differejit lines, if not to the traveller.

i»

•I"

Erie CO.

55
49
45
39
32
26
18
10

I J. t

Buffalo by
5 following

Milos to
Bulialo.

. 80

. 75

. 70
. 65
. C3

111 Springs.

for visitors

late years

. 55

. 49

. 45

. 39

. 32

. 26

. 18

. 10

•

8 not esti-
it different
ietancc en-
tlie propri-

NIACfARA FALLS AND CANADA.

J)istiincc.s from UurtUlo.

THE CITY OF BUFFALO.

or Ihis rising city of Iho West, of the high OBpirations
<»t ilsntizcne, of its connnanding position as to comincr-
cAnl advantages, of tlie proud eminence to which it has
already risen, and to the high destiny of its future pros-
perity and greatness, it is not in this volume necessary to
fipeak. It is suflicientto say, that it is admitted by all,
lliat there is no location that can become its rival, and no
untoward circumstances, can but for a short period retard
• tfi onward course. The City of the Lakes, as it should be
cnlled, already rising beautifully over the deep green wa-
ters, is an object cheering to the mind and delightful to
the eye of the tourist.

As the main chamiel of travel to the great west is
through this city, some information as to distances beyond
Buffalo, will here be given.

Steamboats leave BuHiiio every evening and morning;
and a stage leaves every morning for the west. The price
of cabin passage on the steamboats to Detroit is eight dol-
lars, and intermediate jiorts in projjortion.
The distances to various points on the lakes arc—

Miles.
From Buffalo to Dunkirk, ...... 45

" Portland, 60

;; ;; Ene.. ....... 90

Salem, jjg

Ashtabula, 130

I* *■ Grand River, 153

Cleveland, 133

■I

itf^

■Wi

42 TOUR TO BARATOOA SPRINGS,

(ioiiij; from Niag.'irii Fiills.
■ ~ Miles.

From 13ii(r»ilo to Huron, 235

SQiidiisky, 250

Detroit, 810

" " Mackinaw, 600

" " Green Bay, 750

" " Chicago, 1000

For furflicr information to emigrants and travellers who
are bound west from the city of Buffalo, " Steele's Wes-
tern Guide Book" is recommended as a very useful work.

i !

! i

1|! ! ^M

i I
i

It ' ^

III

Iff,.

ROUTES FROM NIAGARA FALLS, THROUGH

CANADA.

Travellers, when in the western pari of the State of
New- York, frequently come to the conclusion to make a
tour in Canada, and not having provided themselves with
suitable directions, at times require information which
they find it very difficult to obtain.

For the convenience of those who wish to extend their
journey beyond the Falls, the following information has
been brought together. The Falls, of late years, have
become very justly the great centre of attraction, which
usually receive the first visit of tourists, and thence they
branch off to scenes of less magnitude, as business or
curiosity leads them.

The city of Buffalo is the place of general embarkation
for all the countries, lakes, and rivers beyond. The
traveller car* reach Buffalo from the Falls, on the Canada

nnrl

Miles.

235
250
310

600
750
1000
i^ellcrs who

cle's Wes-
eful work.

LOU Gil

e State of
to make a
3elve8 with
tion which

ctend their
matiou has
l^ears, have
ion, which
hence they
jusiness or

mbarkation
ond. The

nada

NIAGARA PALLS AND CANADA.

St. Catherines — Haiiiiltoii.

Bide, by stage or raih'oad, to Chippewa, two miles, and
1 hence by steamboat, twenty miles; or, by crossing the
ferry at the Falls, to the American side, he will find it
iilcnsnnt travelling on 1 he Buffalo and Niagara Falls rail-
road, as a considerable portion of the route runs by the
eidc of the river. It is usual for person,? visiting Maiden,
«aiul\vich, or other portions of Canada west of those
places, to take steamboat from Buffalo.

Jf the tourist confines his ramble within a short com-
pass, there are, in the vicinity of the Falls, several places
that may attract his attention, not mentioned in the jaunt

to Canada, in the after part of this work.
AIlGiisburgJi, 8 miles west from the Falls, and 596 from

Quebec, is a smoll village on the Wellond canal; a good

rond leads to H, which passes llirough a fine country.
St. Davids, 6 miles nortji from ihc Fulls, and 588 from

Quebec, is a pretty, retired village; it lies below the

mountain ridge, 2 mileg west of Queenston.
The Deep Cut, 8 miles west from the Falls, and 596

from Quebec, has its name from the circumstance of the

W(;llnnd canal, at this place, being cut nearly 100 feet in

the mountain.

St. Catherines, is 10 miles west from the Falls, and
595 from Quebec. The Welland canal runs through it.
It is a thriving village, and of considerable business.

Hamilton, is west 40 miles, by land, and 50 miles by
steamboat navigation from Niagara, and 630 from Quebec.
It is near the head of Lake Ontario. It is situated on a
beautiful plain, skirted on one side by the mountain and
on the other by the green meadow lands lying between it
and the lake. It is one of the first class of Towns in the

! t

i .

li I

TOITR TO HAIIATOGA SPRINGS,

If 'i

'U l

";i:

1,1

lliii

Uraiilford — Toronto.

Upper Provincp, and is n very business like plnce, con-
taining nluMil oOOO iiilinbitnnte.

Brantford, on Grand River, is 25 miles fiirlhcr, and is
65 miles from tlic Falls, and 080 from Quebec. Along
Ihe borders of (Jrand River reside Ibo renmant of the
Mobawk Indians, vvbo, mider Rrant, baving taken sides
witb Ibo Brilisb govorinnent, in tbc revolutionary war,
bad a large tract of land allotted to tbem on tbc borders
of (bin river.

Tberc is a line of stages wbicb run daily from liowis-
lon and Queenslon, tbrougb Canada to Detroit, jjassing
; tbrougb SI. Davids, St. Catbcrines, Jianjilton, Ancas-
ter, Brantford and Jjondon.

Toronto, is 44 miles from Ibo Falls, on the nortbern
side of tbc lake, and 100 miles by land, and 550 from
Quebec. It contains about 12,000 inbabitants. It is
built by tbc side of tbe bay of tbe same name. Tbe for-
tifications are at a sbort distance from tbe city, on a point of
land wbicb conunands (be entrance into tbe harbor. Tberc
are several well built streets in Toronto, and many gov-
ennnent and other buildings of ample dimensions and in
good style. Tbe College at this place is well endowed,
and is a well conducted and an excellent institution. Tbc
precincts around tbe city are handsomely improved. Or-
chards, gardens, and tbc dwellings of wealthy peojile arc
seen in every direction. The lands about Toronto arc
very fertile, and for many miles in all directions, the
country is well populated by able farmers.

Travellers from tbe American or British side, can cm-
bark on board of steamboats at Lcwiston or Queenslon, 7
miles from the Falls, and 585 from Quebec, or at any

plnce, con-

hcr, nnd is
oc. Along
mill of the
Inkoii sides
(uiaiy wnr,
the borders

om liowis-
»i1, ]m8sijig
an, Ancas-

e northern
I 550 from
Ills. It is
The for-
n n poiiit of
)or. There
nmny gov-
ons and in
1 endowed,
tion. The
3ved. Or-
peojile are
oronto are
ctions, the

3, can cm-
leension, 7
or at any

NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA.

Oswego— Kiiifr.sion.

of the i)ort8 on the river below, for Hnmilton, Toronto,
Kingston, or from the American ports on the lake, or of
the St. Lawrence. If the tourist desires to go to the
Lower Province, he will take a steamboat from the Nia-
gara river, or, if he prefers an overland route, he can take
the railroad cars, and pass through the villages of Pekin
and Lockport, 24 miles from the Falls, and 5C9 from
Quebec; thence by packet or stage, and railroad, to the
cily of Rochester, the whole distance 85 miles, and 507
from Quebec.

Those travellers who did not come to the Falls by this
route, will find it a very pleasant one on their return.
The ride on the railroad, along the brow of the mountain
is delightful. The great combined locks at Lockport, and
the thousands of laborers now engaged in blasting the
rocks and excavating the earth fbr the enlarged canal, are
well worth seeing. The number, too, of beautiful and
flounshmg villages along this route -the rich and pros-
perous country- the city of Rochester -the great acque-
duct-the falls of the Genesee river -are all objects of
great interest. At Rochester the tourist is again on the
great thoroughfare of travel; and stages, railroad cars and
packet boats, are ready for his accommodation.

To Oswego, from Lcwiston, by the lake, is 150 miles,
and IS L57 from the Falls, and 452 from Quebec

To Sacket's Harbor, from Oswego, 40 miles; and is 197
from the Falls, and 412 from Quebec.

To Cape Vincent, from Sacket's Harbor, 20 miles

Kmgston, Upper Canada, now the capital of both Pro-
vmces, lies opposite Cape Vincent, distant 11 miles, and
.s 200 mdes from Niagara Falls, and 392 from Quebec.

Irt

:'l;

i 1

I 1

TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS,

Uidcaii Cuiial — Sf. liiiwrrMKn Uivrr.

It conlains nhont GOOO inlinbilnnls. This place was for-
merly Fort FronliiiQc; it is built on tho northern shore of
the St. Lawrence, at its junclion with Lake Ontario.
The river is here 10 miles wide. The Thousand Islands
commence immediately below Kint^slon, and are scattered
in the river for a distance of 50 miles. The fortifications
at Kingston are of considerable strength, and in reference
to military and naval operations, it is considered an im-
portant point.

The Rideau canal commences in the bay; and is five
miles from Kingston. It was built at the expense of the
British government, and principally for military purpo-
ses, in aftbrding an internal communication between the
Upper and Lower Provinces. The whole distance from
Kingston, by the Rideau canal, to Montreal, is 280 miles.
There is a variety of r 3rc8ting objects along the canal —
the Rideau and Ottawa rivers, the cataract of the Chau-
dire, the Rideau falls, extensive lakes, and some pleasant
villages.

By the St. Lawrence, the conveyance is by steamboat
to Dickerson's Landing, 110 miles, passing

Miles from
Niagara Falls.

250 . Ikockvillc, Upper Canada,

Morristown, St. Lawrence county, N. Y.
270 . Prcscott, Upper Canada, . . . I .

Ojjdensljiirgh, St. Lawrence county, N. Y.
310 . From Dickerson's Landing, by stage, 12 miles, to
322 . Cornwall, Lower Canada, ....

363 . Thence by steamboat 41 m. to Coteau du liac, li. C
379 . Thence by stage 16 miles, to Cascade, L. C.
103 . Thence by steanilioat 24 miles, to lia Chicn, L. C.
112 =. Thence bv stage 9 miles, to Montreal, , .

Miles to
Ciuebec.

JM2

320

282
270
. 229
213
IF!)
180

NfAr.ARA PALLS AND CANADA.

ice was for-
Drii shore of
vG Ontario,
and Islands
re scattered
brtifications
in reference
^rcd an im-

and is five
lensc of the
tary purpo-
)etween the
stance from
8 280 miles,
the canal —
' the Chau-
ne pleasant

J steamboat

Miles to
(iuebec.

320

DS, to

2S2

270
•, L. C. 220

213
L. C. IF!)

180

Moiiireal — Quebec.

The distance from Kingston, by the St. Lawrence, to
Montreal, is 2)2 miles. The fine scenery along the river,
of lakes and lapide, of islands and rocky shores, of wild
and picturesque views, of rising towns and elegant seats,
and the many scenes made memorable by historical
events, always chann and annise the traveller.

Besides the many objects which the city of Montreal
afTords to attract the attention of <he tourist, the village
of Varennes, on account of its medical spring and fine
prospect, has become a ])Iace of nuich resort. The village
is 15 miles from the city, 427 miles from Niagara Falls,
and 165 from Quebec; and the spring is about a mile from
the village. A steamboat runs from Montreal to this
J)lace twice a day, and the boats that ply lo and from
Quebec usually slop.

Pursuing the route down the river, William Henry is
40 miles from Montreal, 4G7 miles from Niagara Falls
and 125 from Quebec. It is on the bank of the river
Sorel, where it unites with the St. Lawrence.

The next place of importance is the Three Rivers at
the mouth of the St. Maurice, and is 497 miles from Nia
gara Falls, and 95 from Quebec. Some miles up the St
Maurice, are the flxlls of the Shawinncgame, of 100 {^^\. '
The Richelieu rapids commence 7 miles below the
Three Rivers, and is 504 miles from Niagara Falls, a,id
b8 from Quebec. The navigation is considered danger-
ous m the night, and by steamboats the rapids are always
passed in the day time.

The distance to Quebec from Montreal, by steamboat,
IB 180 mdes, and from Niagara Falls 592 miles. The
traveller having arrived in this city, so ceicbiated for the

TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS,

iil.

I'!'

Itptiirniin,' Uoiitc from (.iucli"*'.

many great cveulsof vvhioli it lias been the theatre, and
for its strong Ibrtiticatione, will, at liia leisure, accompa-
nied by tomo well informed citizen, >r hired guide, visit
all the locations and objects of attraction within and
around the city.

The Falls of Montmorcnei are eight miles northeast of
Quebec, on the river of the same name, and near the
St. Lawrence; being (iOO miles from Niagara Falls. The
height of the Fall is 240 feet, or 72 feet higher than the
Falls of Niagara, but the immense volume of water of
the great cataract is wanting. The falling sheet is about
100 feet wide, or about the same width as that of the
centre fall of Niagara, which passes over Ingrahain's
Cave. The great height, however, of these Falls, and
the singular beauty which pervades the whole wild and
romantic scene, is the admiration of all who have had an
opportunity of beholding them.

On the route between the Falls of Montmorenci and
the city, is the Indian village Lorette. Some beautiful
views of the surrounding and distant scenery is afforded
from this village.

There are several other places in the vicinity of Quebec
of considerable interest, which are pohited out to stran-
gers, and are frequently visited.

In returning, the usual route is back to Montreal —
from thence by steamboat to

Miles from Miles to

3Iontrcul. Albany.

7 . La Prairie, Lower Canada, ... . . 243
24 . Thence by railroad to St. Johns, L. C. 17 m. 226
33 . By steamboat to Isle Aux Noix, L. C. 14 m. 212

The c
public sf
road to ;
'>!)cratior

bcalrc, and
, accjuipa-
giiidc, visit
wit bin and

uorlbcast of
d near Ibe
brails. Tbo
cr tbau Ibc
ol" water of
icet is about
tbat of Ibc
Ingrabam's
Falls, and
le wild and
lave had an

Qorcnci and
ne beautiful |
J is afforded

y of Quebec
ut to etranr

Montreal —

Miles to
Albany.

. 243

\ 17 m.
;. 14 m. 212

NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA.

Itouto from Alhany lo |]oBtoii.

Milea from
Montreal.

101

139 ,

154 .

178 .

200 .

203 .

223 .

To Rouse's Point, L. C. 10 miles,
'* Cbazy, Clinton county, N. Y. 12 miles!

Miles to
Allumy,

202

15
2C
38
15
24
22
3
20

190

175

140

111

Plattsburgh, "

Bi-rlington, Vermont,

Crown Point, N. Y.

Ticonderoga, N. Y.

Whiteball, N. Y.

Sandy Hill, N. Y.

Glen's Falls, N. Y.

Saratoga,
And from thence to Albany, 38 miles
In going to the Springs from the north, the tourist
will only depart about 15 miles out of the direct route to
Albany.

The whole tour from New-York (o Saratoga Snr;„.e
N,agara Falls, Q„oboe, and back ,o the .Ty of New!
York w,ll comprise a distance of abo.U 1,W0 miles, and
may be accompl.shed m the summer season, by hose
whose ambition is rapidity of moven.ent, in less than 1(.
aays, and at an expense of from $50 to $70.

ROUTE PIIOM ALBANY TO BOSTON, (mass.)

The citizens of Boston have ovmced a i,reat de^rro ot
M.c.^ntind.Wngiorwardtbec^

Z:;^Zj^:^''1'T'''^^ ^^ completed, and ,n
! --i-_r- tM)ni Bo.tn„ to Sprin,ri,eld: uud it Ib expected

,-■ \

■

Mtfiil

iMlMM

ROUTE FROM ALBANY TO BOSTON.

Time of IcuvinR Alhiiny — Fare.

that from Springfield to Albany, a distance ol" 104 miles,
the road will be completed in lees than two years. Be-
fore that time, the 34 n.iles of railroad from Batavia to
Buffalo, or the 6() mil^q of railroad from Rochester to
Lockport will also be tinished. There will then bo a
direct railroad conmiunication from Boston to Niagara
Falls, and Buffalo, a distance of about 520 miles.

The communication now between Albany and Boston
is by stages and railroad cars, and the fare through is but

$6.

From Albany, there are two daily lines of stages.—
The Telegrai)h mail leaves at 5 o'clock, P. M. and ar-
rives at Springfield the next day in time for the afternoon
cars, and goes through to Boston, 204 miles, in 24 hours.

The Accommodation coach leaves every morning at 6
o'clock, and arrives at Springfield the same evening to
lodge. The passengers are the next day conveyed by
railroad to Boston by 12 o'clock.

Hi.! .!

104 milcfl,
rears. Be-
Batavia to
ochester to

then bo a
to Niagara.
lee.

and Boston
ough is but

'■ I

if stageB. —
M. and ar-
le afternoon
n 34 hours,
orning at 6
evening to
lonveyed by

i f ' -■

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n ®

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J

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XVAt'P

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t ^

u
s

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! ill'

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JA1

Descrip

DIRJ

SARAl

PART II.

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

PUBLIC HOUSES,

Description of Springs, Virtue in tlie cure of Diseases

DIRECTIONS AS TO DRINKING AND USING THE WATERS.

ANALYSIS.

BATHING— USE OF THE BATH.
SARATOGA VILLAGE — AMUSEMENTS, &c.

I ,■

r.i

Thc(

porters

The tra

room th(

having 1

I better tc

hi the c

irrcFipoiif

bills thr

never be

Lodgi;

the pnrlj

like, if i

JAUNT TO SARATOGA.

ARRIVAL AT THE SPRINGS.

" Madam, this way, here is our sitting room.
The day is pleasant, Sir — Pray be seated —
Happy to serve you — Any orders, Sir ?
The baggage? It shall be seen too — A room ?
With pleasure ; I'll show you one or more."

The cars with the passengers drive into the depot, the
porters from the different public houses surround them.
The travellers will observe painted on the sides of the
room the names of 1he public houses, the porter to each
having his appropriate stand. In selecting a house, it is
better to depend upon the advertisement of the proprietor
in the columns of some respectable newspaper, than the
irresponsible recommendation of runners, or of anonymous
bills thrust into cars and stages. Those things should
never be depended on.

Lodgings having been procured to the satisfaction of
the party; after ablutions, dressing, rcfreshmcnis and the
like, if in health they hasten to the fountains. The first
5*

i ■ , \

II!

JAUNT TO SABATOGA SPIIINGS.

Visit to Congrosa Spring.

"n * r^n.rrPHR Soring; it lias lon«,' Blood

aircction -l^-fl'l^-^ZJXi tto southern „art of
pre-eminent. It « nea t >^ , ^^ ^^_^ ^^^^.^^_

wbieU hnkta three hnlf phil tmnblerf, l>o d pB m he to
:l,anar.»c»tho.parU.:,.s«a,.U.ecU^^^^^^

rise te „3.,any UUen. This is eno„,b nnU the
^siu' has determined upon a mediea conrse of the wa
ters- or is informed of their virtuca and etlecis.

Hav n, tasted of these delightful waters the v. .tors
oft" "eturn to the Main street, in order to visit UJio
Springs in a regtUar conrse: they comn.enee at the most

eouthern. T, t, at the lower end of Broad-

Wasuincton Speiso. - It IS at me
wav on Main street, on the west s,de. This Sp ng pu
ZsTfme tninoral water; its predominant .nahties are
cholvbeate, saline, and earbonie ae.d gas. „._,,

n.ese waters are diuretic and catharUe. They arc
ZZu to persons who have been much reduced by
dlL who ar feeble and languid, without any local or
t^ ,«amma,ion, and who arc ^^^^'^^f^'t^^i
In. Slowness of f "-"»-' ^f"f;:^'^,X

rje::;g:L"rC\::u— tionofthe

— :;rri:hfr:r:.-.spring^om.ur

to eight tumblers may be used each day. When the
operate favorably, an improved appetite will iollow. When

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

g stood

part of
pring —
c frame
he foun-
itB them
is nskcd,

One or
until the
' the wa-

,e visitors

ait all the

the most

of Broad-
Ipring pro-
mlities arc

They arc
reduced by
iny local or
brile irrita-
e remedied
tending to
They will
ation of the

>»

from four
When they
tlow. When

roluinbiiin and Coriffross S[)rinj;s.

they oppress the stomach, cause nausea, hot flushings with
diarrhoea, and at times costivcness, they should be imme-
diately discontinued.

The recreative Garden surrounds the Washington
Spring; and the Washington Baths arc supplied with
the fresh and mineral water.

The CoLUMiuAN Spring. — A few rode to the north-
east of the Washington is tlio Columbian Spring. The
waters ore similar to the Washington. As there are so
many Springs near at hand of a more pojjular character,
the waters of this are seldom used.

This Spring is in a public park, or pleasure ground; to
the cast of the Spring passes the road that leads to the
rising ground that is surmounted with a grove of pine,
amid which is a circular railroad.

Congress Spring. — This Sirring already slightly men-
tioned as the one first visited on the arrival of the party,
is a short distance from the Columbian. It is convenient
to some of the principal hotels, and has as yet been unri-
valled for the excellence of its water. It is eagerly sought
for abroad, and has been transported to every part of the
United States, and to many foreign places. In some
parts even in the United States it is sold for a higher price
than some qualities of wine. But none can fully appre-
ciate its superiority, but those who quail" it at the foun-
tain, before any portion of the gas has escaped.

The crowd of invalids and fashionables, that are fre-
quently in a summer's morning, found around this Spring,
is truly surprising; and the quantity of water drank is
not only incredible, but in some individual cases quite
alarming. It is related that ten quarts have been known

' !l

niM

III' .

litll

i^''

ll:'. J

JAUNT TO SAF VTOOA SPRTNOR.

llainillon nnd rmnam Hprinps.

to have been drank by a single individual before break,
fast. The mineral combinations of this Spring ^ary in
some rcHpccts from the Washington. It holds in solu-
tion more magncHia and iron; and of ca.Honic acid gas,
the difti cnco is considerable in favor of Congress Spring.
The waurs of thi^ Spring, as a medicine, may be used in
all cases, w ith propriety, in which the Washington Spring
waters are reconnnended; and in i-evcral others.

Hamilton Spuing. — Passing to the north on Putnam
street, Hamilton Bath House nnd Spring are next observ
ed. This water is esteemed as posseesii. superior diur-
etic qualities. It is still a little more charged wi gas,
has more saline matter and soda, but less ini.^neBui and
lime, but the difTerence in thcF- particulars are not con-

eiderable.

The Baths at this Spring are well fitted up, and nre
supplied with both pure and mincrni water.

Putnam's Congress Spring. — Pursuing the route
along Putnam street, tlif? Spring is next i older. The
waters are of a quality equal to any already mentioned;
and a Bath Hour' wi1h every suitable convenience, hav-
ing also pure and mineral water, is near at hand.

The Pavilion Springs. — SHU further, on liie same
street, lying in the centre of the ravine, is the Pavilion
Springs. In ISriO, some slight appcamnces of a Spring
was noticed, and the enterprising own of the property,
D. M'Laren, Esq. commenced an excavatii a. He iol-
lowed the Springs down for about 35 feet, when the foun-
tains gushed up and flowed over the surface. Nothing
can be more beautiful than these fountains. They arc but
a few feet apart; they boil up with crystillinc purity; they

!».

eforc break,
ing ^/ary in
Ids in Bohi-
ic acid gas,
resfl Spring.
y be used in
i^ion Spring

■8.

on Putnam
next observ ■
ipcrior diur-
?d wit; gas,
mgnesin and
arc not con-
up, and are

I thu route
Older. Ttie
mentioned;
3nience, hav-
md.

3n llie same
the Pavilion
of a Spring
tbe property,
Ion. He ii)l-
bcn the foun-
ce. Nothing
They an but
! purity; they

JAUNT TO SARATOr.A SPRINGS.

Analysis ofjlio Wntcrs.

are not tnrl)cd or yonf-ty, ]m\ air and water Bcem conunin-

gledwith a bripbtjicss an, briUinricy altogether indoscri-
hahle.

The public hnve boon furnished with the following
niiaiypp of one of these foimtains. The other is called
the Mi-.gneftin Fountain.

♦'Pavilion Fountain— One t,'alIon of this water is
found to contain —

Chloride r Sodium, .
Carbonate of Magnesia,
C? bonat(^ Lime, . .
Cavbonnto Soda, . . ,
Oxide Iron, . . . »
Iodide ((f Sodium, . .
Bromide of Polaswum,
Sib"ca, . , . . .
Alumina, . . . .

Totcl grains.

'ari ni ' acid gas, . .
Afmospheric air, . .

• » • • *

firains.
226.58
62.50
. 60.24
4.70
4,10
2.75
2.75
.62
.25

. 861.74

Cubic inchefl.
. 480.01
8.00

Total cubic inches, .... 488.01

JAMES THOMAS."

►Saratoga Springs, A . 12, 18 '' "

As to the peculiar me<l,cal qnalities of these fountains,
if materially dilTercnt from the others, time and experi-
ence 18 required to test and dMr n-nine their value

! 1

|:.

J !^^

i 1 .
1 .' '

■ it i

it I

irHi

III

1 ^

(

i
1 :"

k 'i
''.iiiii'

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS-

Flat Rock and Monroe SpringB. ^

The Flat Rock Sprino. - Directly north from iho
New Saline, is the Flat Rock Spring and Bathing JI v^o.
The reputation of Hub Spring has always been good, an
its waters are used freely by visitors. The nnneralH tb- .-
hold in solution, vary in some slight lospects from luuso
already mentioned. The proportion of saline matter and
o earbonic acid gas, is not bo great as others that have
been spoken of; and in some cases of disease th.s water
is more useful than in those that require more powerful

remedies. , ^ ^i

, The Monroe Springs. -A few rods further, on a
small plat of ground of less than an acre, are three Springs.
These perhaps constitute as singular an assemblage of
Springs as was ever found together within so small a
compass. One is chalybeate, being very strongly impreg-
nated with iron. ^ . . . j « i
One is sulphurous; the only sulphur Spring introduced

to the notice of visitors at the village of Saratoga.

The other is a fine sparkling acidulous water, pungent,
and of agreeable flavor. Ii has received favor as an anti-
dyspeptic drink; it sits easier on the stomach, and taken
in moderate quantities, is not attended with any disagree-
able sensation of heaviness and cold.

The American Bath House at these Spr'ngs, affords all
the necessary conveniences to visitors.

Still a
Spring,
and was v
its curati''
mntion, ai
Around it
are secure

This is(
nine feet
towards tl
the 8urfac(
seen from
inches In
eubterrnnc
ations of n
ndm<ration
is not used
in almost c
popular.

JAUNT TO SARATOGA RPIlINOS.

llipli Hock .•^priiiir.

* I

IIICH ROCK Sl'RING

" Thou stream,
Wliose source ig Inni-.cefjsibly profouncil,
Whither do ihy mysterious waters lend ?
Thou imag'dt my life."

Still n short spnce farther north is the High Rock
Si)ring. This is the most ancient of all the Springs,
and was well known to the aborigines of the country for
its curative powers. It was held by them in great esti-
mation, and was by them pointed out to the white man.
Around it nature has formed a curb of rock; all the others
are secured by artificial means.

This isolated rock i6 about three feet high, and about
nine feet in diameter at its base, diminishing in width
towards the top; the waters within rise about a foot above
the surface of the earth, boiling and gurgling. They arc
seen from above through a circular opening of about eight
inches In diameter, but disappearing through some unseen
subterranean passage. This is one u." those singular form •
ations of nature which excites the wonder and claims the
admiration of all who visit it. The water of this Spring
is not used as much as formerly, tnough it will compare
in almost every respect with many that have become more
popular.

'I i

f t

9' ■ !!

m '-M

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

It is supposed that iLc fountain once ilowcd over the op
of the rock. One tradition says, that a tree fell over the
Spring and split the rock at the bottom; but an Indian
tradition accounts for it in another way.

INDIAN LEGEND OF HIGH RUCK SPRING.

I.-

Far in the forest's deep recess,

Dark, luudcn, arul alone.
Mid marshy ien^ and luuj|lca vvood^,

There rose a rocky cone.
It was a strange, mysterious spot,

And near no mortal dwell' d -,
But there retired the sorccre?- priest,

His secret orgies held.

There the fierce tcnnnlB of the wood

On one another prey'd,
And though the thuid deer wore slaui,

Yet fondly round they stray'd -,
Their natures craved the saline draught :

For that they ca^er sought,
And oft one single, hasty sip,

Wad with their life blood bouglit.

III.

Within that rocky cone a spring

Of healing waters rose,
And o'er the top it gUllering spread^j,

And down the sides it flows -,
It looked as if with hrllUant gems,

Thai curtain'd rock wiis bound.
As sparkUng hung tlie airy slrcaui.

Like floating drap'ry roniid.

The fip
only one
a fiinall p
Spring sL
G

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

Ituliuu Lc<(en(I.

IV.

From forth the forest deepest gloom,

There moved wiili stealthy pace,
A female form of lovely mould,

And beauty's witching face ;
Upon her brow the summer sun,

And the free desert air
Had cast a mellow auburn tint,

With love to revel there.

Slie came to bathe in that pure sprjng,

As forth the waters boil'd ;
Her hand she raised to touch the fount,

Back! back! 1 he stream rccoil'd.
IJeci) printed on (hat beating heart.

Forever to remain,
In spite of tears and cleansing founit;,

There was a guilty slain.

VI.

Down in the bosom of the lock,

The gurgling founuiin fell ;
There still it llowg, and its lone sound.

As notes of warning swell.
That guilty one in frantic fear,

Fled witli desponding shame ;
Nor was siir ever lieard of more,

And none recaU'd her name.

The spot nronnd ibc IJigli Rock Spring socnia to be the
only 01,0 that has Ihllcn into neglect. It ahouJd not be so;
a fcmall park with trees, bhoiild surroitnd it, and over fhc
Spring should be erected a liiiht and airy temple
G

fiiih

mb .

\ .!

'i '

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

WiiUon, or loiliue Spriiifi.

Walton, or Iodine Spring. -Not far from the
[lock, in a northerly direction, is the Walton or
Iodine Spring, formerly called the President's Spring. It
is a beautiful water, and is much used on account ot tho
medical efficacy of Iodine in certain diseases. As there is
also less iron in it than in the other Springs, to a ccrtau.
class oi patients it wUl prove useful. To others however,
the iron ixirms the principal virtue.

On account of the Iodine, this Spring has been rccom-
mended im- many forms of scrofula, goitre, and some
other diseases of a like nature.

Professor Ennuon., of the Medical College in Aloany
and one of the New-York State Geologists, has furmelied
an analysis of one .nllon of the water of the Walton
Spring, and find, that it contains the following ingrcdi-

t^n^«= drains.

..... 187

.... 26

.... 1

.... 75

.... '^

» . • ' ^h

Cubic iiichco'.

Muriate of Soda,
Carbonate of Lime,
Carbonate of Iron, . •
Carbonate of Magnesia, / »
Carbonate of Soda, . . . •
Hydriodate of Soda, or Iodine,

Carbonic acid gas, (iVom water which had

been bottled three weeks,) . • * * • ^^^

Atmospheric air, * ' ,' i

Besides the Si^rin-ss that have been described, several
others might be mentioned, but as they i>0BBe«s no l^cu^
harity, and are but seldom visit ed, it will bo saihcu u
simply to enumerate some of them.

The
High I^
and aroi

The'
villngc.
Springs
a walk 1

The :

The (
ten mile

The i
Lake,
prcgnate

It wa
Spriiigs
the Spri
no inten
within t]
yet he fe
notice al
Springs

Wash
littk jnt(
^o those 1

".m

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

Ballsfoii Spa.

The Red Sprlvg, about eighty rode east from the
High Rock, 80 named from the iron like deposite within
and around it.

The Ten Springs. — These are about a mile east of the
village. They are in the same ravine as the Saratoga
Springs, and are of a similar description. To pedestrians,
a walk to these Si)ringa is an agreeable excursion.

The Ellis Spring, two miles south of the village.

The Quaker Si'rixgs, in the eastern part of the town,
ten miles from Saratoga.

The Sulphur Spring, on the cast side of Saratoga
Lake. This Spring is well spoken of; it is deeply im-
pregnated with 8ul]ihur, and the water is abundant.

i 'i

187

75
3

330

BALLSTOX SPA.

It was not intended to notice any other mineral
Springs but those of Saratoga; by omitting to describe
the Springs either at Ballston or other places, there is
no intention to underrate them — they do not come
within the limits the author prescribed for this work;
yet he feels it incumbent to add in addition to the slight
notice already made of Ballston Spa, that among the
Springs yet celebrated at that place, is the

Washington Spring. — If.* chalybeate quality is but
littU; intermixed with other ingredients, and is valuable
^o those who wish to use a pure water of this description.

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

Ol)Hervations on IMincral Waters.

One of the SaiiB Souci Springs is used for its cathartic
effects, and to some it is an agreeable and pleasant drnik.

The Park Spring, is highly spoken of as being among
the best acidulous chalybeate water afforded in this or any

other country. r <i «

The Sans Souci. -This is very similar to some ot tnc
best Springs of Saratoga in its acidulous, chalybeate and
BQlinc (jualities, and is in nso for like medical purposes.

By these hasty notices it will be perceived, that as well
as from location and accommodation for visitors, Ballston
has yet in its rich medical waters, a strong claim upo.i
the public for a portion of their patronage

MINERAL WATERS.

" Go wash in Uie rool of t^iloam."

The cfiicacy of mineral waters to euro all diseases is
not to be expected, and by their greatest advocates eo
much has been claimed for them; but that they possess
curative powers, and have proved successful in thousands
of cases, has not been denied even by those who are most
incredulous as to their salutary operauon a general.
Much weight liowever, has been placed upon change ol
air, healthful exercise, cessation from ordinary occupa-
tions, variety of eccnee, amusements, the excitement ot

compan;

restorati

round ol

year, he

60 long,

so to hii

served U

turn froi

mo3pher(

a change

resumed

depresses

and ende

or an occ

To tho

to medic

the use

Mincrn

1st. T

carbonic

the glass

gent tast(

2d. a

is iron.

With gallt

lous. Tb

3d. ^m

dients, sui

and carbc

Saratoga ;

4th. ;S

JATTNT TO SARATOGA fiPRTNGS.

of Ihe
te and

=es.

aa well
;allato)i
a upon

RCaSCS IB

jcates 60
y possess
liousands
are most

general.
ihangc of

occupa-
cment of

■

Tlie acidulous waters.

company, and tbe like. These are undoubtedly valuable
restoratives to feeble habits. Man tires with th? dull
round of occupation to which day after day, and year after
year, he has been bound. The very air he has breathed
so long, thciyh fresh and healthful to others, is no longer
so to him. The fond we cat, be it ever so delicious, if
served to us repeatedly, palls upon the appetite, and wc
turn from it with loalhing. It is the same with the at-
mosphere; it loses its accustomed elasticity, its f. e&hness;
a change is necessary; and when we rolurn, we find it has
resumed its pristine purity — the air of home no longer
depresses, but refreshes. To give to home all its value
and endearments, nothing can be better than travelling,
or an occasional excursion abroad.

To those in ill health, much is to be gained by a resort
to medicinal springs, besides the advantages derived from
the use of the water.
Mineral waters are usually classed under four heads.
Ist. The Acidulous. The^e are highly charged with
carbonic acid, or the acid of charcoal. They sparkle in
the glass when drawn from the spring, and have a pun-
gent taste. The Saratoga waters are of this kind.

2d. Chalyhcatcs. The distinguishing feature of these
is iron. They have an acrid taste ; form a black color
With galls, or oak bark. Some of them are also acidu-
lous. The Saratoga waters are also of this kind.

3d. Valine. This class contain different saline ingre-
dients, such as sulphate of magnesia and soda, muriates
and carbonates of soda and lime. The springs also of
Saratoga are alike of this class.

4th. Sulphurous. Their prevailing character arises
6*

■i I t>

'I I

(fafc.-a!Wjt<i

JAUNT TO BARATOGA SPRINGS.

I I !

1 1

ill :''' '

jiiii^i

Saratoga waters as a lievcraec.

from the presence of Bulpburrctcd bydrogen, either iin-
combined, or united with lime, nn alkali, iron, &c.~
One of the Monroe Springs, at Snrnloga, is sulphurous.

These are the four great clas.ea of mineral springs, and
of some of these are all the celebrated springs scattered
over Europe and America. At Saratoga there is combi-
ned all the essential virtues of those that are most highly
approved. They are Acididons, ChahjhcaU, Saline, and
Sulphurous. At Saratoga nature has left nothing want-
ing in this respect, but Thermal vvaters; and these for
all useful purposes, are furnished by art, in the numerous
'and commodious baths which have of late years been

erected. • ^ a

The temperature of the Saratoga Springs is low, and

ranches between 48"^ and 51" Fahrenheit.

THE USE OF THE SARATOGA WATERS SIMPLY
AS A DRINK, AND MEDICINALLY.

■ " FiVon hero, let not

The thoughtless fasliion of the giddy crowd
Tempt thee too fur.'*

If used simply as a drink by those who are in health,
when no medical operation is desired, all that is required
is moderation. The temperate use of them is healthfitl,
and beneficial: but to use them to excess is dangeroufi
even to those whose health is sound.

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

in health,

8 required

healthful,

dangeroufi

In ill lipalili consult a physician.

Invalids, and all those who desire to use them as a
medicine, unless they are themselves well acquainted
with mineral water?", and Ih? nature of the disease with
which they are a(llict;jd, should nover commence upon
their use without iinst consulting with a regular physi-
cian, well experienced in a knowledga of the medicinal
effjcts of mineral waters. Thouirh in this work a variety
of diseases arc mentioned in which thjso waters have been
used beneficially, yet th-jsj must be considered as mere
indications to those who desire to use th;.'ni, founded on
the hest authoiity; but it is the experience and authoiiLy
of others, and not positive directions emanating fr.)m tho
author. His advice is always to consult a physician who
resides upon the spot, and one who has closely studied
the character of diseases in general, and who well knows
the virtues and effects of the nudicinc to be used.

To those who desire tho waters to operate as a cathar-
tic, it is recommended that they rise early in the morning
and repair to tho spring which they prefer, and take two

tumblers of the water; then a little exercise a walk

to the circular railroad, to the Washington, or Hamilton
Spring, where one more glass may be taken. In most
cases this will be sufFicient, but some persons require
more, and a glass may be taken at Putnam's Concn-ess.
the Pavdion, the Monroe, Flat Rock and Walton Springs,
in all about four pints. This is ihe utmost limit, and
seems to be too large a quantity; but even six pints have
been allowed; but more should m no case be presumed to
be taken. Some however have imprudently taken much
larger quantities, even to the extent of two gallons and
a half before the hour of dinner. By the time the round

JAUNT TO SARATOOA SPRINGS.

Halhifiii at Mie .S|»riii<;H.

of the springs has been made, the nppclilo will be pre-
pared for breakfast, and it will be proper to return to tho
hotel.

As a daily drink, from f )ur to ci^dit glaseca is a suitable
quantity; ordinarily it is not advisable to exceed this per
diem. When the water lies heavy on the stomach, caus-
mg unpleasant sensations, its use should be discontinued.

H:' 1

» ill]!

li i<>L'l

THE USE OF THE WATERS IN BATHING, AND
THE I5ATH IN GENERAL.

*♦ Abana ct Parpar, flouves dc Danias, no sont-ils pas nipilleurs
que toiitos iRH oaiix d'lsracl! Nc iii'y lavcrois-jc pas bien, ct je
deviendrois not .'"

Watering places arc not only frequented for the pur-
pose of drinking the waters, but also for another consid-
eration, often more important in the cure of diseases, the
judicious use of the bath; and as the most ample arrange-
ments are made at Saratoga for bathing, any directions to
visitors would be very incomplete, were this subject omit-
ted. As it is dangerous to drink the waters to any great
extent, either in good or ill health, without a perfect
knowledge of their virtues and powers, so the bath should
not be resorted to without possessing some experience or
information on the subject. The bather should at least
know the kind of bath most suitable, when to be taken,
the temperature, and the length of time to remain therein.

JAUNT TO SARATOOA SPRINGS.

iJciirficial etlccts of the I{;,tli

The },alh, as a remedy for "di^^J^^^T^;^^
Tl,c a„li,|„i,y of ha(l,i„g, He ccncral prevalence omonrr

vinuca 01 the bulh, ,(a Beaswmblo an,l proj.or mo „ro not
«ono,aIly appreciated, and b,a litlle regard d. ZZ Z

1 loa^nt 01.. ef.eelual remedy l„ (l,e cure of tl,e manr
.ca.a to „,„eU ™,.ki„d i. .„.ject as ,Ue J, ^ ,

.0 of" ;r;""' '"T""' "'""'""^ '» ">"■""-
I all f > f ■™"'- ^'""•SHMOral renovator of the

; I ;7.'=-^'""'" ""l"'™'-" »n give con,for,,

I'lo, the A,„encana have paid the lea^t attention to its

Doct Bell, i„ hi., hook on hathin,?, observes: " A bath
ouse should be dcen.cd of iu.portaaco only secondary

« kdchen or a cooking stove, and certainly should take
recedencc of rooms idled with eos.ly Lniture at

devoted to company keeping."
As to the eirects of bathing upon (he human system

ef ;: s ° Ti!: rT r"-"'" ■- "^ -Native,;::':;

of en ,1 ; ^'" '""'•"' "'"' "-""n ''"ths have not only

latn g. The hot bath is held to be highly stimulatinL-
n the use of „„ „e baths much depends upon th^]

hoa<th, the disease, and the peculiar stage of the discaae.

! • 1

' 1 f

:) ^i

TAUNT TO SARATO(

PRINOH.

1i!!i!i

I -I

(^old I

Tbo ufio of the mineral wnl "t Snmtoga fer the i^ir-
poBCB of the bath, is a Biibjccl oi' iniicli impoiinnc but
one on wliich cxi)(;ricncc cems not as yet to bnv* i&^
any great tloj,'rec of lirrhl. IJjitbing in sulpburouB water
has long been advantngrouply used tor ■ ay cutaneous
diseaaes; and tbo warm sulphurous Imtli L-.h often proved
morit happy in its ctlect in relieving many distressing
cases of rlieumatiem, but always after a long and perse-
vering course.

Of the other waters of Saratoga, and indeed tho«' ir
which the place is most celebrr.led, they have been re-
commended in general to bo used externally in the bath,
at the pame time that they are taken internally. It is
said by those who have had an experimental knowledge
of these waters, that they are decidedly superior to any
others for this purpose. They are used in the ordinary
manner, in the cold, teprid, warm or hot bath.

THE COLD BATH.

" BatliR on, my fair

- I go to frnard thy Iiannt,

To keep from thy recess each vagrant foot.
And each licentious f^yc"

This being the most common and the most convenient,
its temperature, time of use, period of continuance, and
some of the diseases for which it is recommended, will
first bo mentioned.

•

For

The t(

ranges

it as 1

An (

ters on

thai it

latest c

The

fore di:

r>r>xt to

last. ]

ciee sh(

Bathe \

food un

wipe tl]

cient cl(

To bo

sufHcien

A sin,

dinarily

Soon

shock, V

body bo

should 1]

and the 1

of the b

iew degri

Medici

water, e

known li

JAUNT TO MARATOGA SPRINGS.

Huiiahleiiiiicfn-- IJathinp.

I or those .n good honnh, i proper hath in nnn.orsion.
I he temperature of th. eohl hntliihr ren.ediul purposes,
mvres from 50- to 70- Fahrenheit. Some hove ranged
It ns low as from 32- lo 05- Fahrenheit.

An extraordinary cHli;.ren«.e of opinion exists with wri-
crs on the power and effects of the cold hath; one holding
hat It IS sUmuIating, the other that it is sedative. The
latest authorities are in favor of its sedative effects.

Ihe hest time for hathing is allowed to he an hour be-
lore dinner, or after the digestion of the morning meal-
-xt to this is the morning, .r a .hort time, before break-

iast. If a.er the hath the body is cold, moderate exer-
CISC should ne u.ed to raise it to its proper temperature.
Bathe when the stomach is empty, and not after takmg
lood uiitd the digestion is over. Alter leaving the water
wipe the body briskly, and imn.ediately dress with sufli-
cient clothing to preserve the heallhlul temperature

To bathe every other, or third day, is usually ueeounted
sufhcient.

A single plunge in Ihe cokl bulla i« olic,, cnuugh: ot-
dnwrily ,t Bbould not exceed biit u Ibw niiuulcs

See,, niter (he glow of wurnXh is fell, ea.,Jed by the
shock we should withdraw, „„d not rcmoia until the
body becomes chilled. The cent inum.ce in the water

.ml theba hsho, d never be used when the temperature
ot the body ,8 below the etmidard of health. If it ;. .
iow degrees „bove, the bathin,. will be more agreeable.

iVIedical professors have prescribed the use of cold
vvater, externally, in m„„y eases; they arc generally
>^i'own by an ...xeited ac„„n of the blood: ,o ,',an,tl

.:!.««M'-

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■

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

iUo

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:/,

1.0

I.I

1.8

1.25

1.4

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►

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

m^.

&>
^

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JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

Cases ill which tho Cold Katli may l)c used.

lions internal, ns well as extcrnnl. Some of the most
enlightened members of the profession, consider the ap-
plication of cold, in some cases, as highly importont, and
at times, a valuable substitute for blood letting.

It is suitable to persons in good health, to the fleshy,
to the temperate, and to those who use suitable exercise.

It is injurious to thin habits, old men, children, cold
constitutions, and those live who intemperately and use
no exercise.

It is dangerous in a state of perspiration, after vomiting,
purging, watching, and to those who arc not accustomed
to at.

In nervous diseases, as they arise from different causes,
cold bathing may be useful in some coses, and injurious
in others

Washing the head in cold water has aggravated the
heaviness and pain.

Bathing the feet in cold water is injurious to the
dyspeptic and hypochondraic.

An occasional cold sponging is useful to the sedentary,
engaged in close and confined apartments, at the desk^
or study — who complain of troublesome heat, and dry-
ness of the hands, and sometimes of the feet, with quick
pulse and thirst.

Cold washings and affusions in cases of wounds, bruises,
and even old sores, when used persevering! y, liave hod
the best effects in allaying pain and inflammation; and in
many instances, have effected wonderful cures in cases
almost hopeless.

The cold bath has been successfully used in scorlet
fever; and in pains accompanied with eruptions, called
miliary, cold affusions have been used advantageouely.

^NT TO SARATOGA SPRINGP. 73

Sun atroke- Lightning and Electricity."

^ In spit mg of blood from tbe lunge, the cold bath has

of o2 Fahr. applied to the cheat of a patient with this
disease, arrested the flow of blood, without any accom-
panying or subsequent inconvenience.

In vomiting of blood, and in bleeding from the bowels,
pdes, and hemorraghage - cold affusions to the portion
of the body affected has proved servicable.

The burning of the skin from the sun's rays, the ac
compnnying head-ache, violent fever, and delirium, and
sometimes insensibility, constituting what is called a
suns stroke,"- repeated cold affusions, when freely
used, have had the best effect. Poisoning from opium
and narcotics.

In injuries by lightning, or when struck by the electric
fluid, several pails of cold water having been thrown on
the sufferer, animation and life have been restored.

In convulsions and spasmodic diseases, the cold bath
has been greatly resorted to.

Obstinate constipation of the bowels, has frequently
been relieved by cold afliiaions. To be used, however,
in cases where there is much heat and irritation and
when no danger exists of stopping perspiration. The
same has been used to good effect, in inflammation of the
joints, dislocations and fractures.

Females with cold skins ar.d phlegmatic habits, and
exhausted by previous disease, and who are clear of fever
wdl be injured by cold bathing. Palsy of the tongue, or
loss of voice, has been cured by the cold bath.

.^. u °"y ^^^r^«t'on from intemperance, the cold bath
should not be used for some days.
7

'74

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

Tepid and Warm Batlit*.

THE TEPID BATH.

Of this, little need be eaid, as it ranges between the
cold and warm ; or between 70" and 0*2° Fahrenheit, and
its effects are altogether intermediate.

THE WARM BATH.

t i:

,1,1

I ,1

I, I

! 'lit

The success of the warm l)ath depends upon the well
regulated temperature of the bath, the time of taking if,
and on exercise and regimen.

The limits of the warm bath are between 92° and 98*
Fahrenheit. A thermometer shnidd bo in every ba1hiii|
room, by which the temperature should l)e regulated,
and not always by the sensations of the batht^r.

In general, the water should be brought to a lukc-warni
state to the arm, fooling neither hot nor cold. After the
bath is entered it may be raised to its proper tempera-
ture. Whether the warm bath is to prove pleaaurable,
beneficial, or hurtful, depends mainly on its temperature.
For those in health, the best temperature is that state
which produces the most agreeable seneations. This is
ordinarily found to be between 93° and 95° Fahrenheit.

Of the two it is better to have the bath rather cool
than warm. If entered too warm we lose the power of
judging the degree of heat most bencficiaU

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

ween the
heit, nnd

the well
nking if,

ond 98^
/ ba11iin|
cgnlalcd,

kc-wnrni
\iler the
tcmpera-
asurable,
pciatiire.
hat state
This is
enheit.
Lhcr cool
power of

TJic urcut cxocllnncf of the Warm Hath.

Though the bath be of the same degree as the animal
heal, ycf after a few minutes imm. rsion the heat of the
body will be very mate.. Jly increased.

The bath may be used before breakfast, or dinner, but
never immedialely after eating. An hour or so before
dinner, after the digestion of the morning meal, seems to
be most generally recommended.

Suitable, though not severe exercise should follow the
use of the bath.

The apprehension of being chilled, and suffering from
cold by expoeiirc to the open air, after the warm bath, is
not well founded; the usual occupations of life can be
l)ursucd through the remainder of the day, not only with-
out injury, but with renewed animation.

The air in the bath house should be agreeably warm.
With this precaution and suitable clothing, there is no
more danger of going into the cold air after the use of
the bath, than from a warm bed in a winter's morning.
The body in both cases is refreshed, and is truly more
able to resist the cold. Doct. Coffin, of Boston, from
whose treatise a portion of the compilation on this sub-
ject is taken, observes: << I have taken the warm bath in
the warmest and coldest seasons of the year, more with a
view to observe its effects on my own health, than need
of its restorative influence; and I can truly pay, after
bathing in both extremes of weather, that I have been
equally and uniformly less sensible of the inconvenience
from heat or cold. I have always felt more light, cheer-
ful and active, and more inclined and better fitted for a
full and successful employment of the powers of mind
and body." Among the means of preserving beauty, as

■I

' f

'.!

I I

■ lli

i ...HI

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPR1N08.

Duration of tho Warm Halli.

well ns health, a lady recommcndB, that by such abhitionB
** all accidental impurities arc thrown off; cutaneous ob-
Btructions removed; and while the surface of the body is
preserved in its original brightness, many threatening
disorders are checked or prevented. By f=uch means the
women of the cast preserve their health which sedentary
confinement would otherwise destroy." Darwin eays:
** To those who are past the meridian of life, and begin
to be emaciated, the warm batli, for half an hour, twicd a
week, I believe eminently serviceable in retarding the
advances of age."

^ The effects of the warm bath arc tranquilizing, it
allays excitement, moderates excessive heat, invigorates
after the fatigue of a journey, and always refreshes and
renovates.

The duration of the warm bath is much longer than
the cold. It may be continued from half an hour to an
hour; some have even taken a short and pleasant sleep
in it.

Though the most suitable time for using the bath is
considered to be in the fore part of the day, yet it may
be used in the evening, after the fatigue of travelling
through the heat and over dusty roads; but not upon a
full stomach.

A part only of the cases in which it is used medicin-
ally, are the following:

Morbid sensibility; acute pain alone, or accompanied
with irregular and convulsive action of the muscles.

Convulsions of children; hysterical alToctions of females;
cholic, from the simple spasmodic to the bilious and pain-
ters.

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

blutions
C0U8 ob-

body is
calcning
cnna tho
edontary
in eays:
id begin

twice a
ling the

izing, it
/igorates
shcs and

gor than
iir to an
int Bleep

3 bath ifl
t it may
ravelling
t upon a

medicin-

)mpanied
lee.

■females;
md pain-

Its medical use.

Cramp in the stomach, and obstinate costivenees of
the bowels. Warm bathing, and fumigations with cloths
dipped in warm vinegar or simple warm water, will
greatly relieve the pain. It is the readiest and surest re-
lief to be offered in this dangerous and painful disease.

Mania, and mental derangement, in which extreme
wakefulness, and dry skin, are predominant symptoms.

Infantile cholera, and cholera morbus ; dysentery and
diarrhoea, more particularly of the chronic kind.

Warm bathing is adapted to all diseases of the respira-
tory organs.

Catarrh and influenza, whether in the first stages or
seated, are greatly mitigated, and at times completely
cured.

Bronchitis, especially of the sub-acute; asthma, ner-
vous or spasmodic; organic affections of the heart; chro-
nic inflammations of the liver.

The most obstinate eruptions of the skin have yielded
to this remedy. When there is much heat and itching,
the temperature of the bath should not exceed 90° Fah-
renheit.

In the early stage of fevers, a warm bath would fre-
quently go far to arrest the disorder.

Recent suppression of respiration; pains in the mus-
cles.

The sickly sensibility and pains which often foljow
after a mercurial course, are very happily abated by the
warm bath.

^^■i

JAUNT TO SARATOOA SPRINGS.

P pi fin

1, l.l

'viiiJ

The Hot and Vapor Baths.

THE HOT BATH.

The hot bath is gencrnlly undcrslood lo be of a
heal exceeding 98" Fahrenheit. It is highly stimulating
and i8 often violent, and marked in its eficcta on the
human body.

There are few cases in which the hot bath can be used
with utility. It enfeebles; and is pernicious to weak and
delicate persons.

The sanguinary and robust; those of full habits and
large heads, and who are inclined to be drowsy after ex-
ercise, or any exertion, after a meal; those who are
liable to spitting of blood; or whose skins are very sen-
sitive to heat — should avoid the hot bath.

Persons in good health had better omit it.

The advantages of the hot bath in some long con-
tinued affections of the skin, hns been admitted by
practitioners; and, in a vast number of other cases, it
has been judiciously applied; but, without a full know-
ledge of its use, or medical advice, it would be best
not to resort to it.

THE VAPOR BATH.

'* The od'rous drug, the blazing Home consumes
In wary clouds ascend its rich perfumes;
Mildly, perspiring prone, the bather lies,
While round his form luxurious vapors rise."

There are two kinds t)f this bath; one of simple watery
vapor, or hot dry air; the other medicated or compound,
holding in solution various medicinal substances.

TAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

Vapor Bath for tlip, Hydroiiholiia.

It is necessary, in many coses, to exclude the head
from the vapor; and especially so, when the compounds
are of a deleterious qualify. When the head is exposed
to the simple vapor, the stimulating effects of the bath
are greatly increased.

The temperature of a simple vapor bath varies from
90» to 150O Fahrenheit.

Vapor acts upon the surface, and produces nearly the
some effects as sponging or fomentation.

The information as to the medical effects of the vapor
bath i& limited, though from the earliest ages, and in
modern times, it has been much used.

In cutaneous diseases, this remedy is considered valua-
ble. Ulcers, are greatly benefitted by moist vapor alone,
or in alternation with sulphurous and mercurial fumi-
gations.

It is useful in tumnfactiona of the lymphatic glands,
especially those of a scrofulous nature along the neck.

In painful affections of the joints, whether chronic,
gout or rheumatism, it proves useful.

Chronic glandular inflations of the liver and pancreas,
and tumafactions of the epleen, are often much relieved,
and at times effectually cured.

Chronic afFections of the digestive passages, muscular
rigidity, suspended animation, and some stages of fever.

In all the cases mentioned, the head of the patient
should not be exposed to the vapor. *

The Hydrophobia, too, that most strange and horrid of
all diseases, it is said, has been cured by the vapor bath.
M. Buison, a Parisian physician, in a late publication,
aseerta that he was affected with this disease, that on the

i
I

T'''mmm

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRIXOS.

■ i i

jHiti

RusHJnn Bmh.

ninth day after receiving the infection he was suddenly
seized with puin in his throat and eyes. The saliva ran
from his mouth, a current of air, or the sight of brilliant
bodies gave him pnin. lie felt disposed to run and bite;
not men, but nniiiinls and inanimate bodies. He drank
with great difTicully, and the sight of water was distrrs.
sing. The symptoms recurred every five minutes; the
pain seemed to commence in the finger which had received
the infection. He determined to suff'ocate himself in a
vapor bath; for this purpose he caused the temperature
to be raised 107^'-' Fahrenheit, when he was soon surpri-
sed and delighted to find the symptoms disappear; and he
left the bath well. Since then he has treated more than
eighty patients, in four of whom the symptoms had de-
clared themselves, and in no case has he failed, except in
that of a child, seven years old, who died in the bath.
The mode of treatment he recommends is, that the perron
bitten should take n number of va})or baths, commonly cal-
led Russian, and should induce every night, a violent per-
spiration, by wrapping himself in flannel, and covering him-
self with a feather bed. The perspiration is formed by
drinking freely of a warm decoction of sarsaparilla tea.
He declares that he is so well convinced of the efficacy of
this treatment, that he will sulfer himself to be innocu-
lated with the disease.

The only peculiarity of the Russian bath is, that the
vapor in formed by pouring water on heated stones.

The readeif who is desirous of more extended informa-
tior> on the subject of bathing, its history, general useful-
ness, and in reference to its curative powers, is referred to
the work of John Bell, M. D. " on baths and mineral

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRIN08. Ql

The Douclif! limh.

waters," a work tbnt Rhoiild bo in Ihe hniuls of every phy-
flic.an, in every library, nnd every bathing hoiiBc. Tbe
nutbor nck.iowledorcs his indebtedness to tli'it work for no
inconsiderable portion r,f ibis compilation ,. . the subject
of mineral waters and bolbing.

THE DOUCHE BATH.

This la formed from one or morn spouts that throw a
jot of wafer on the body, or on a particular part of it.
It may be constructed so as to be descending, oblique,
vertical, or ascending.

The Douche bath is considered most effectual at 100<?
Fahrenheit, or a little rising. It may be of cold, warm,
or hot water; or of vapor.

Hot jot baths are had recourse to in diseases of an asth-
mic nature, and which from long standing are known by
the name of chronic. The duration of the jet may be
from a quarter to half an hour daily.

In delirium tremens, tumefactions of the viscera, with-
out fever; paralysis; cholics; chlorosis; swellings of the
joints, without redness or pain, whether rheumatic, gotaty,
or scrofulous after the subsidence of fever, and clearing of
the digestive pnRsnge. These are but a small portion of
the diseases that have been beneficially acted upon by the
use of this remedy.

I I

JAUNT TO SARATOr.A SPRTNOS.

IHsniHCs Jur w liirli llie Snniloiifii wiiUth lire rcoonimcmlcd.

Al)lution, or aponginp, is n mild nppllcntion of a fluid.
As it ndmifs of locnl use, it is often more suitnble than
any other method. Wet rlotiis applied to the skin act in
the eaine way as sponging. Kilher cold or wnrin liquids
niay be used.

Allusion, or the shower hath, when cold, gives a
greater shoek than the bath, but there is more inequal-
ity in its employment.

DISEASES FOR WHICH THE SARATOGA WATERS
ARE RECOMMENDED.

" Tlirro is an ncliinii; void Id ev'ry hciirt,
Till- sad allciidiint of inan's weary life —
For all diseases else, kind iiaturo gives
Some healiiijr dranglu. For this Iherc's none —
Farlh yields no halm for tliis. "

There arc a great variety of diseases in which these
waters act most beneficially, and very often perfectly
cure; yet so much depends upon tie stage of the disease,
that it is unsafe to give a wholesale recommendation. In
some diseases they are useful in the incipient stages, and
injurious when the same diseases are further advanced.
In other eases it is the reverse of this. For these reasons
it is difficult to enumerate fully all the diseases for which
the waters may be used, as it might be the means of mis-
leading some who are too much disposed to confide in

JAUNT TO SARATOGA RPIIINOS.

The Hprlnjcs iipidicuhli* to piirticul'ir <liH«iM

K'H.

what they Hnd pubhshud; or to depend too much on their
own diecretion. It niny ngnin be repeated, to use the waters
wiih entcly, and inost advanlairtously, alwnys take the ad-
' vice of a practical pliysician.

Visitors hav«j been warned against using them in pul-
monary affections, and diHcanrn of the lungs; and yei this
needs L^nie qualification. Tlic ca«(; ran o/dy be decided
by the medical adviser. In o|)hthnhiiia, cr inflammation
of the eye?, they have been used to great advantnge.

ln>: )p8y, thcyaro declared to be inadniifesibic. Dyn-
pcpsia, both admissible and inadmissible.

in scrofula, I hey arc highly connneudcd. The Spring
containing the most Iodine i^hould be used— it is the
Walton.
in paralysis, they are very useful.
In rheumatism, much benefit is derived from them.
Tlwy should be used intciiially, and accompanied exter-
nally at the same time wilh tiie warm balli. The tiulpbu-
rous waters are ) l)e preferred for (.his disease.
in bilious) diseaees, if not of lung standing.
in nephritic comidaints, and calculu», they have been
very successfully used.
In ulcerous sore?, and cutaneous eruptions.
Those Spr. igs that are most acidulous arc more par-
ticularly recommended for fevers of a typhoid type, nau-
sea, vomiting, and relaxation, and want of tone of tlie
stomach. Such are the Walton or Iodine, the Hamil-
ton, the Congress, the Monroe and the High Hock, and
some others.

Those waters that are most f^trollgly impregnated with
iron, arc useful as tonics; they stimulate and increase the

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

It :H:

' T

The Sprin|t;s applicnble to ceriain diseuses.

circulation. In chlorosis, fliior nlbus, amcnorrhoea, nervous
diseases, and in general debility and derangement of the
whole system, they arc very useful. Of such is the
Congress; the Sans Souci, at Ballston; the High Rock,
the Monroe, the iJamilton, and the Flat Rock.

The Springs in which the saline qualities predominate,
are used to keep the body gently open, without severe
purging, by means of which the appetite and strength is
increased. Such is the Congress, the Monroe, the Wash-
ington, the Hamilton, "id Putnam's Congress.

The sulphurous are valuable in glandular swellings,
chronic rheumatism, gout, scurvy, and cutaneous dis-
eases generally. Such is one of the Monroe Springs,
and the Sulphur Spring on the east side of Saratoga lake;
and all the bath houses at Saratoga are provided with
Bulphurous water for the purposes of bathing.*

* For many matters relative to the analysis of the Saratoga and
Ballston waters, and their medical use and properties, the reader is
referred to the excellent work of Doct. Steel, published in 1S38.

3
05

1005.7
1004.6

to to

tow

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WW

<l w

43.407
41.51

5.95
3.71

>fi» w

too

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• •

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coco

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h-oi

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01

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Hydriodate of

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Carbonate of
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ben

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C.-irbonate of
Mairiiesia.

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to »-»Va"

vl CO on C5

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CO

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Carl)onatc of
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on

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At* losphcric
au".

g-o

r V 9,

I' 'I

86 JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

Medicinal Waters of Europe. ^________

In addition to the preceding, the Pavilion Fountain, at

Saratoga contains the following:

Graina.

Chloride Sodium, 226.58

Oxide Iron, ' • • '*•!"

Iodine of Sodium, 2.75

. Bromide of Potaseium, 2.75

Alumina, '^«^*

The bottling and use of the waters at a distance from
the Springe, are matters of importance to those who usg
them. The residents of Saratoga say that none of the
^-aters bottle so well as the Congress and Iodine Springs.
They leave no ecdimcut, but when drawn they are fine
and pure. The others often cast a red sediment, and
when uncorked, they are found to have a dull and milky
appearance. In the use of bottled water, the same salu-
tary effects must not in nil cases be expected from them,
as if used at the Fountains, with all the accompaniments
of new scenery, change of air, gay company, music, and
the thousand other excitements of travel.

Of the medicinal wnicrs of Europe, those under the de-
nomination of " Spa waters," are the most celebrated. Of
this kind are Pyrmcnt, in Westphalia; Forges and Passy,
in France; and Tunbridge and Brighton, in England.
But the most noted arn those of Spa, a small town in the
mountainous district of Belgium, which forms a part of
the fount of Ardennes, the noted scene of one of Shaks-
peare's plays. The Pouhon Spring water at this place,
was analysed by Doct. Jones, in 181G. The following
result shows that the Saratoga waters arc much more
richly charged both with gas and mineral properties.—

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. 87

The village of Saratoga.

Temperature, 50°; one gallon of water, or 231 cubic

inches, produced

Grains.

Sulphate of Soda, 99

Carbonate of Soda, . . , 2.25

Carbonate of Magnesia, 1.80

Silix, 2.26

Loss, 2.94

Muriate of Soda, 1.16

Carbonate of Lime, 9.87

Oxide of Iron, 5.24

Alumina, 20

Carbonic acid gas, 26^ inches; less by 68 cubic inches

to the gallon than some of the Saratoga Springs.

THE VILLAGE OP SARATOGA.

" Green arching bouglig hung over where I sat,
And through the paitinj^ leaves, dazzling and beautiful.
The flunbeains pour'd rich streams of golden light."

The village of Saratoga, is in the northwest part of the
town of Saratoga, in the county of the same name. It
is laid out upon a plain broken only by the ravine of the

;^s^*>*s

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

I'..

FiXpeiiditure of visitors the source of wealth.

Springe, through which there courses a small fresh water
brook. The direction ol" this rivulet through the village
is northern; from the upper end of the village it passes
off in an eastern direction, first emptying into Owl creek,
and nfterwards into Saratoga Lake. Although this brook
passes directly through the low ground from whence all
the principal medical Springs issue, and the waters of
which mingle more or less with it, yet to the taste it ap-
pears not to be impregnated with any of their mineral
qualities. The villngc was incorporated by an act of the
legislature, in April, in 1826. It is for its situation,
iguitably laid out; a part is compactly built, and many
handsome dwellings and seats are observed around; some
commanding fine views, and others almost hid from eight
in groves of evergreens.

As a place of business, Saratoga has nothing to recom-
mend it but its Springs — from these its wealth and capital
is derived; and the expenditures of strangers constitutes
to the business men of the place their only income and
dependance.

The trustees and inhabitants of the village are entitled
to much credit for th^ order and cleanliness of the streets,
for the shade trees that they have planted, and for the
care and neatness in which the fine groves are kept, for
which the place is distinguished.

Saratoga being a healthy, as well as a pleasant and
fashionable place, many gentlemen of wealth and dignity,
have chosen it as their residence.

The act by which the village is incorporated gives to
the trustees power, by the written consent of the owner
of iixB land on vhich any medicinal or mineral Springs

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

!»nri»toga l;rfore it was aoltlpi

ore situated, to make erections about such Si)rings, for
the accommodation oflbose who visit the Spritig^f, for tho
purpose of drinking or olherwJee using the watora; and it
is their duty to see that the passage is kept open to and
from the Springs, and to appoint proper persons to atlcnd
the Springs to draw the water for mich as wish to drink,
or moke use of them, without demanding any compensa-
tion.

At an early day, the present site of Saratoga was most
forbidding, wiki and uninteresting; it was more congenial
for the abode of bears, wolves, and other ferocioun beasts
of the forest, than for man. Of these great numbers re-
sorted about the marsh, the waters being very agreeable
to them.

The ravine in which the Springs are situated, was an
almost impassable morass; where it was not filled with
fallen trees, rubbish and brush wood, black and noxious
mire holes were seen, on which it was dangerous to ven-
ture. Even the air was impregnated with a foul stench
which arose from the mareh, and sickness, especially fevers
and chills, preyed severely for many years upon the first
fictdera. What a change has the labor of man produced?
Not only now are there beautiAil fields, shady groves,
attractive gardens, elegant and comfortable dwellings'
but the veiy air, from being noxious and insalubrious, has
become pure and healthy. There arc very few places
more thriving, or that are faster advancing in business
and improvements, than Saratoga.
8^

i ii

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

CliHractcr of Public Houses.

PUBLIC HOUSES.

♦• A Yankee can keep a tavern." — Foreign Traveller.

The clicimctor of sninc of the public houses at the Springs
is of the very first order, and all nre respectable. Some are
particularly the resort of stntcamen, of ollice holders and
politicians; and the great, and would be great. With
these are mingh d gentlemen of the turf, connoisseurs of
the odd Irick, and the amateurs of poker. With these
too will be found the exdiirives of society, whether Pres-
l)ytcrian, Ilomani.il, or Churchman; the fashionable lady,
and hello of high ^jretensions.

In another house will be observe<l Clergymen, and their
families, respectable professional gentlemen, and persons
and characters who^e demeanor, though sober and retiring,
are yet affable and genteel.

The substantial farmer and tradceman, are often observ-
ed at another house. It is thus that people while at Sar-
atoga fall into a particular class; not one formed by any
arbitrary rule, but as they arc pleased to rank themselves
with each other at the different hotels.

It would be a pleasure to enlighten strangers on this
subject, but the task is so invidious that it must be omit-
ted. The advertisements of the keepers of the hotels
must in this respect lie regarded. The price of board at
Saratoga is mentioned at p«ge 16. Rooms and tenements
furnished and unfurnished, for the use of families, may be
obtained for rent.

On the whole, strangers can meet with every desirable
accommodation, at the public houses, private boarding-
houses, at the rcstiuateurs, or in their own hired apartmenta.

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS*

Aiiiui>eiuent8.

LBR.

Springs
orne are
iurs and
With
seurs of
th these
er Pres-
jle lady,

md their

persons

retiring,

1 observ-
at Sar-
by any

emselves

I on this
be omit-
le hotels
board at
snements
, may be

desirable
joarding-
irtments.

AMUSEMENTS.

*' I^'ig. joyous cords ! — ring out again !
A swifter still and a wilder strain !
And bring forth wreaths ! — wc will banish all
Save the pure in heart from the festive hall ! —
On, through the maze of the fleet dance, on !"

For a place so retired, the amusements arc various, and
are so ordered as to suit the taste of those who are to par-
take of them. Visitors from the cities find enough of
green shades, pleasant rides, pure nir, and fine country
eating, to make the place agreeable; and those who are
from the country, see enough of new things, odd charac-
ters, and fine fashions, to make thc^r time pass pleasantly;

" And vvitii sweet novelty the soul detain."

The circular railroad is a very pretty thing. It is at
the southern extremity of the village, on a beautiful ter-
race, completely shaded with ever green trees; and from
the spot is afforded to the spectator a charming sylvan
prospect. The road is in circumference the eighth of a
niile; it has two tracks on which two light airy cars re-
volve in opposite directions. The cars resemble the light
body of a gig, and are provided with a seat for a lady and
a gentleman. With much ease the gentleman gives
power to the movement, and when both cars are flying
round with the velocity of the wind, and passing each
other as feathered arrows, a thousand fashionable prome-
naders, chatting and laughing, fill up Uie ground; the

H i

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

ii,

C'oveiit Gnnicn— CJniiihlirig.

scorio is truly joyous and animating. All who visit the
Springs can partake in this amusement, as it is exhilara-
ting, and a diversion in every respect unobjectionable.

The cost of this railroad was eleven hundred and fifty
dollars; and the charge for riding three times round, is
twelve and half cents.

Next to the circular railroad, are the public gardens.
The Recreative garden has three bowling-alleys, one of
which is exclusively for the use of ladies.

Covent garden, besides rustic huts, summer houses,
and shady bowers, has a plalform of flying horses. These
with their riders, arc whirled around with great rapidity.

There are in the village altogether, thirteen bowling-
alleys, several billiard tables, and m the season of visiting,
all the apparatus and paraphanalia of gambling and dissi-
pation. Such are the accompaniments of the throng that
find their way to the Springs in the summer. They are
not acknowledged as a part of the regular inhabitants of
the place. The citizens of Saratoga are a steady, quiet
people, and no way inclined to participate in the follies
and dissipation which is annually poured in upon them.

Another great source of amusement is :.iding. Not less
than thirty five thousand dollars worth of livery property
is owned at the Springs, for the use of strangers, and
which to the owners produce a handsome income. Coach-
es, barouches, curricles and gigs, are used. Of late years
the fashion of riding on horseback, both by ladies and
gentlemen, has been revived, and is much followed at the
Springs.

Among the many places to which visitors ride, are the
following:

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.

litilld and Assemblies.

Barhyt'a fish pondj two milea eciU It producea trout,
and affords fine amusement to anglers. Ho charges for
the privilege of fishing, aud requires that what is caught
shall be cooked on his premises.

The Lake House, on Saratoga Lake, 4 miles; where
a game dinner, consisting of fish, and wild game, is fur-
nished to gourmands, for |2. The lake is 9 miles long,
and 3 wide.

Bemis's Heights, and other memorable scenes of the
revolution around the eventful battle grounds of ^Saratoga,
are still much resorted to.

To Glen's Falls, about 20 miles. To Lake George, 28
miles. To these places stages go daily.

Niskayuna, the Shaker settlement, on the Mohawk
river, is 16 miles.

Schuylersville, where Burgoyne laid down his arms,
is 12 miles.

Besides riding, promenading round the village, visiting
the Springs and gardens, there is got up, when there is
much company, balls, assemblies and cotillion parties.
These are held at some of the highest public houses.
Caive, ice creams, frui1», wines, and other refreshments
are furnished. The tickets of admission cost from ^1,50
to $2. *

A more costly, and of course more fashionable order of
assemblies, are sometimes held, called Champagne balls.
Tickets to these are usually $5.

At two of the principal public houses a band of music
is employed. The band performs alternately at each
house at dinner and tea.

There are also at tho Springs two public libraries and
reading rooms; and two weekly newspapers.

* «

ill; . !;

JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRIKOS.

Cliurcliea.

CHURCHES,

There is a Presbyterian church, a Baptist, and a small
Episcopal Chapel, a Methodist chapel, and a Roman
Catholic church is now building.

The middle scats of the Presbyterian church are all

reserved for the I'.se of strangers; at the Baptist Church

they are respectfully received, and the Episcopal chapel,

and Methodist, are free. These last denominations are

^ also building new churches.

TABL

'ill

iiii

ill

PART III.

THE FALLS OF NIAGARA,

DESCRIPTION OF THIS

WONDER OF NATURE,

OF THE

WHIRLPOOL, ISLANDS,

A JAUNT TO CANADA,

TABLE ROCK -BROCK'S MONUMENT, &c.

r*w.3

'■

■■Js^^'s,W.'f^ „

1^:

THE ARRANGEMENT.

The colloquial form has, in some places been adopted,
in affording directions and information to travellers. The
observations of the guide, and the remarks of the visitors,
have been in some places transcribed. In this manner,
the information which has been garnered np for years, is
imparted to strangers in its appropriate place.

The sketches are made in a tour round the Falls, and
vicinity; and is divided into four Jaunts.

The First Jaunt is to the Falls on the east side of the
river, or, as they are commonly called, the American
Falls. It may be made, from the hotels, in half an hour;
but the feelings of those M'ho go, will determine the pe-'
riod of their stay. Some have thought half a day a short
time to spend in viewing the cataract from that position,
and the other objects to which their attention is drawn.

The Second Jaunt is to the Islands. Bath, Iris or
Goat, and the other little adjoining Islands that are ac
cessible. It may be made in two hours. Many persons
spend a day, and repeat the visit frequently, asserting,
that the interest excited increases the oftener the scene is

held.

ill'. 1

JAUNT TO TnE FALLS.

The Arr;iiii:c!iieiU.

The Third Jaunt is to the Whirlpool. It requires
three hours; and, if extended to the Devil's Hole, Indian
Village, nnd old Fori Ningnra, a day or more will be plea-
santly spent in the excursion.

The Fourth Jaunt is to Canadn. This, like the visit
to the Falls, may be accomplished in less than an hour;
but it would be superficial. Very few arc satisfied with
such a slight peep into her Majesty's dominions. They
like to visit Table Rock, and take a look below, through
the mist and under the sheet of falling water.

In speaking of the time to be consumed in looking at
and around the greatest cataract in the world, reference
is had to those who travel with railroad speed, and such
are travellers in general, in these days; and not to those
who have leisure. To such as have time and opportunity,
no period can be fixed; all depends on their own impres-
sions. If they are uncxcited and uninterested, their stay
will be short; they will cast a dull and unimpassloned
look over the scene, and hurry away. Others who have
tcit diflercntly, have remained weeks and months at the
Fallp, still extolling them, and spending their time much
to their eatisfuction.

A JAUNT

THE FALLS OF NIAGARA,

ON TjHE

AMERICAN SIDE.

TnE TRAVELLERS.

A pnrty from q diptnnt eity ore on o tour of plcasuro
to the Fallc. There arc three principal routes on the
Amcricnn eide that lead to this celebrated plncc.

One from the upper lakcF, the south nnd the cast,
through the city of Huflalo, from thence by railroad to
the place of destination:

One from Canada, and the lower lakes, via Lewiston,
and from thence alto, by railroad:

The third, from the east, by the Erio canal, railroads,
etages and steamboata, to the city of Rochester, end
through the vllage of Lockport, and from thence by rail-
road to the Falls.

The travellers that arc the dramatis pcrson<E of this
J" — ; — c BCflu)a in vtie xjOCiiport cuiu x^igagufa Falls roil*

L,.' 1

> I

102

JAUNT TO THE FALLS.

First si i,')it.

road cars. They have nnivcd withhi two miles of tho
object of their visit, and the exclamation is heard — *' the
Falls ! the Falls !" An imposing scene has, indeed,
broke upon them, and a general move takes place to
catch a glimpse of the mighty calnract. Those seated at
the right side of the cars have a full and direct view in
front, and of the Niagara river, which, by their side,
flows far beneath. On the very verge of its banks, at a
dizzy height, they are whirling at the rapid rate of eigh-
teen miles an hour. On looking below, some passengers
hold their breath in amazement; others have been known
to express their astonishment by a low protracted whistle,
until the supposed danger was past.

On looking at the object before her, one of the ladies
exclaims— '* is that the Falls?" " Yes," replies a pas-

eenger, " and look below, there is the far iluned Niagara

river."

Another observes— ** after so long a period I behold
this place;" and one — "what a distance have we como
to feast our eyes upon this scene!"

** A great mist arises from the water — the Falls seem
concealed behind a cloud. Is it always so 7"

** Always," answered a person familiar with the scene,
** and in the clear cold weather of winter, the mist which
arises in clouds, appears like the flame and smoke of somo
great conflagration, or as of a burning city. At such
times the burning of Moscow is always brought to my
remembrance."

In a few minutes after the Falls are first beheld, at tho
mineral spring, two miles from the cataract, the cars have
rolled on; have passed through tho Main stroet of the vil-
lage, and have stopped at tho upper end.

JAUNT TO TOR PALLS.

103

Gener.'il Renmrks of Travellers.

The cui-fi of the pnasengcrs ore Bnlutod with — " pnesen-

pnrH ibr tlic ," << tmvnllcrfl (or the — ," " <rcntle-

\nrn, plcaec to show me your bagjjrnge for the ,"

— ^>nggasc," " for the , Mndam?" " do you go

to the , Sir?" nnd all the jargon and noise which a

full array of the runners nnd waiters from the hotels can
utter.

The travellers having made up their minds i)efore their
arrival, or afterwards, go to their hotel, enter their namoa,
Eccure their rooniB, and breakfast, dine or sup, as the case
may be, and when prepared for a visit to the Falls, send
for a Guide.

The aid of a guide is indispensable, to point out the dif-
ferent views, and to impart a full knowledge of all the
localities.

After having concluded their arrangements they start
on their first ramble. Passing in a western direction from
the hotel, they traverse the bank of the river, or after
leaving a narrow street, continue along on the rising
ground, until they enter a grove of trees; emerging from
thence, they behold the Falls at once before them, rolling
majestically, and displaying all their grandeur.

**How magnificent!"

" Truly, the half has not been told!"

*' It is grand — it is dreadful!"

" They are terrible, yet beautiful!"

*' They appear small at a distance, and, at first eight, I
was disappointed. They exceed my expectations."

"Never have I beheld, or imagined, any thing com-
parable to this.

Such arc some of the many expreasiont) which break

,iM '

h ^'

II "

Ml 1'

IHiiiil
Pl

104

JAUNT TO THE PALLS.

Description.

from travellers, and show forth tlioir emotions; they are
generally those of admiral ion, min^dcd with pleasure;
but many gaze and wonder in eilence.

THE FALLS OP NIAGARA.

*' Tremendous torrent! for on instant hui«li
Tlic terrors ot'lliy voire, and cast aside
Those wild involving niiadows ; lliat my eyc3
May see the fearful beauty of thy face."

On the western boundary of the State of New- York,
runs the Niagara river, in a northern direction, and the
centre of which is the boundary line between the United
States and the dominions of Great Britain. The Niagara
is the outlet of the va^t chain of western lakes, beginning
with lake Superior and its hundred tributary streams, and
is the principal inlet of lako Ontario. Niagara fs derived
from the Indian, and was called by them Onyakarra,
according to David Cusich, of the Tuscarora tribe, who
published a pamphlet in 1827.

The Falls are twenty-two miles from lake Erie, and
fourteen from lake Ontario. The two branches of the
river which encompass Grand and other Islands, unite a
mile above the rapids; and it is there, two miles in width.
As it advances forward, the current accelerates in its
downward course, and the channel contracts in width.
From tranquil and glossy, a slight ripple is seen to move
the surface; it next assumes a descendinff and cradle-like

JAUNT TO THE PALLS.

105

Volume of Wuler.

movement; the waves enlarge, the tops roll over each
other, and are broken into whilc-caps and spray. Tho
whole body of the mighty river becomes agitated, as if
conscious of the great plunge it is about to make. The
placid stream has become a rushing torrent, broken into
cascades and sweeping billows. Its own momentum
presses it forward with irrcsiatiblo violence; from ridge
to ridge it bounds, until it reaches the perpendicular rock,
and there it sweeps over, and falls below. The water
boils up from beneath, like a sea of white foam; the Sjjrny
rises in clouds which hang dark and heavy above, or are
wafted away by the current of the wind; and rainbows
encircle below and obove this most wonderful of nature's
workg.

Iris island is in the mid,3t of the F«lls, and separates
the water inii. 70 great sheets. A smaller ehect is struck
off by ProspecL island, jiassing between that and Iris isl-
and. The portion between the islands and American
shore is lees than the main channel which separates Can-
ada from the United States, and passes on the western
side of Iris island. In that channel is borne along a
volume of water of inmiense magnitude, the drain of
more thau 150,000 square miles of surface of lakes and
rivers.

How sublime the object that is presented to the enrap-
lured beholder! Such a body of congregated v/ater poured
at once over so high a precipioe, and falling perpendicu-
larly into tho chasm below, whose depth it is not possible
for man to fathom.

The rushing, roaring sound which is emitted by the
falling water — the variety of colors presented to the eye;

KXJ

JAUNT TO THE PALLS.

Fiiiiiilinrilv willi llioi iioiso.

the Bplcndor yot Bublimily of the prcne — nro new to Iho
Bpnnlator, and create emotions Imrd In he iloscribed.

The Bounds ore Ihone of the stormy ocean and ovcr-
wlichning tempent; 1he-e is one continued roar, yet other
Bounds arise filtul and varied.

Some ptn-fiojiH, at tJintR, hnvc fjincicd noiscfi, strange
and myfiterioiiB; the intonnlions of the hnsa drum — the
Blow, solemn and heavy report of artillery — the swelling
note of tho trumpet — and even the human voice in
agony, has been heard by many imaginative enthusiasts.
But the similarity of the sounds to the hum drum, and to
artillery are so near, at times, that persons have been re-
peatedly deceived.

It requires a long residencG to become familiar to, and
regardless of the noise. To some it creates unpleasant
sensations, hut generally they arc those of a contrary
character. To those who are residents, the quietude
which seems to prevail when they visit any of the adja-
cent villages, makes it appear to them like the stillness
of Sunday.

Strangers who remain over night, though the sound of
the Falls is in their ears when they retire to rest, yet
when they happen to awake from their slumbers, fre-
quently fancy themselves in the midst of a tempest; the
house trembles, the windows and doors clatter, the wind
rushes and whistles round, the rain pours; and amid all,
they hear the unceasing sound of the cataract. They
rise to look out upon the raging storm; and when they
draw the curiam, or throw up the windows, they per-
ceive that the stars are shining sweetly, and not a zephyr
disturbs the pendant leaves.

JAUNT TO THE PALLS.

107

Distance wliich the Falls nrc heard.

' to tho

d over-
it other

Rtrnngo
n — tho
^veiling
I'oice in
lusinstp.
, and to
been rc-

to, nnd
pleasant
contrary
quietude
he adja-

Btillness

sound of
rest, yet
ers, frc-
pest; the
the wind
amid all,
t. They
hen they
they per-
; a zephyr

In heavy weather the sound ie louder, and In heard
farther; and to those who live at a distance, though
within hearing of the Falls, they are an unfailing baro-
meter. After a pleasant turn "f weather, during which
the sound has just bce.i perceptible, often gradually,
nnd sometimes suddenly, the increased roar of the cataract
comes upon the ear. A change of weather immediately
takes place, and is often followed by a storm.

In some directions the roar of the Falls is not usually
heard over six or seven miles; along the course of the
river they are constantly perceptible for about fourteen
miles; they have been occasionally heard at the distance
of thirty miles; and in one instance nn individual asserts
to have heard them at the city of Toronto, in Canada,
distant forty-four miles.

The concussion of the falling waters jar the adjoining
shores, and the houses tremble in concert with the un-
ceasing shock.

This may be questioned by those who have only spent
an hour or two at the Falls, in the clear, serene, and bland
weather of summer; but those who have remained there
longer will certify to the fact. If a door is left ajar it
vibrates, if a window is loose it clatters; and even sitting
quietly at their fire-sides, the inhabitants will, at times,
perceive a tremulous motion, which they can trace to
the Falls. There ia much difierence in hearing the Falls;
at a short distance from them the noise is not unpleasant,
but close to the sheets of water, to many persons it ia
almost overwhelming. It is believed by many abroad,
that persons long resident at tho Falls become hard of
hearing. That this is generally eo, cax-iaot be positively

108

JAUNT TO THE FALLB.

ijHinirics imsj\\»'rr»i|.

oBflertcd. A lady of Lovviston, who scvernl years eiiice
visited Uio Falls, asserlB, Hint to her the noise wqs so
inteiiBenH to deprive her of hearing in one car; and (hough
ninny years have since pnHHcd, she has not recovtjcd from
the deafncBrf v/ith which she was then struck. And yet
very many visitors express thenisolvea greatly diHn[)point-
ednsto the noise of the Fnll.i; they expected to hear it
henvier and louder. Nothinjr hut hursting boilers, ronring
cannon, pualing thunder, or crashing enrthcpiakcs can
come up to tho expectations of such persojis.

INQUIRIES ANSWERED.

" Trifles, on an interesting aubject,
Cease to be trifles."

Ah many inquiries are made as to places, heights, dis-
tances, nml on a variety of other subjects, the following
paragraphs arc intcjided as answers to such, and alibrd
in the shortest practicable way, the information required.

The form of the Fnlls is a curve. That part between
Iris island and Canada is called the Horse Shoe Falls.

The western or Horse Shoe Fall is about seven hun-
dred yards in circumference.

The Fall on the northern sido of tho island Is three
hundred and thirty yards.

The centre i all, bct-wxjcn Iris and Prospect isUmdfl, is
about thirtv-thrct3 vords.

Ij.

JAUNT TO THE PALLS.

109

ira Biiu'u

WQ8 80

1 (liou^U
red from
A.iul yet
inppoint-
htar it
, roaring
kcb can

This, tlis-
following
nd afibrd
equired.
between

ven hun-

[ Is threo

ieUmdfl, is

(liumlily of water passiiijj over llir I'jiIIh.

Tlio whole (liBtnnrc nroiind the curve, inchuhiifr Iria
and Profjprct ielnridf^, ia computed at one thousand four
hnndrf'd yards.

The height of the Falla, on the American fide, is ono
hundred and Fixty-four feet; on the Canada side, ono
hundred and fifty-eight feet.

From Chi])pcwa to Schlosaer Ihc river is the widest.
The descent from those places to the great pitch is esti-
mated at ninety feet.

At the ferry below the Fnlls the river is fifty-six rods
wide. It has been crossed in live minutes; it ordinarily
requires ten.

The cloud of ppray wliich arises from the Falls, is
nlvvoy? S3en, except when scattered by the wind. It is
sonictinics seen irom a great distance, even from that of
one hundred miles.

Computations have been made of the quantity of water
that passes over the FuHh. One -'s Ibat 5,034,089,280
barrels descend in twenty-four hours; 211,830,853, in
one hour; 8,5.30,614, in a minute; and 58,843 in a sec-
ond. This statement is undoubtedly within bounds; and
the quantity is probably considerably more.

The average height of the banks about the Falls is from
two hundred to two hundred and fifty feet.

You can go, for a short distance from Iris island, un-
der the spray of the Horse Shoe Falls; some have called
it going under the Horse Shoe Falls, but that is saying
ioo much.

The principal spot visited, for going under the sheet of
water, is at Tabic Rock. Even there, it is fashionable to
iueak of ihc distance advanced, in exaggerated tcruib.

110

JAUNT TO THE PALLS.

Nuiiilier of ViHiterH.

Great difibrenccs of opinion exist as to the best view
of this sccno of mnny wonders. One says, ** the best
view of the Falls is from Tabic Rock." Another, "the
best view to be had is from the centre of the river, in
crossing." A third, **at Ware's observatory, near the
ferry. A fourth, *Mhe best view is from the foot of the
etair-casc, on the American side." A fifth, ** the grand-
est views of all are from the point of Iris island where it
overlooks the Horse Shoe Falls, and from the Tower at
the Terrapin rocks."

After all, it must be conceded that the view of the
Falls in Canada, surpasses any on the American side.
On this side there are many different views; your eye
passes over the various prospects, piece by piece; on the
Canada eide you have a full front view. On the Ameri-
can side, comparing large things with small, you not only
occupy the stage box, but go behind the scenes.

Persons who visit the Falls, to form a right conception
of the wonders of this country should pass over to Iris
island, should visit the whirlpool, and great rapids along
the river, and should cross into Canada.

From the rapidity of the water below the Falls, it has
been difficult to fathom it, but as nearly as has been as-
certained, it is two hundred and forty feet deep.

The ferrymen convey baggage safely from one side of
the river to the other, for a fair compensation. The
descending and ascending the hills is a laborious task,
and they earn their money.

The number of visiters increase yearly. In 1838, from
the best authority, the number exceeded twciity thou-
sand. The number of visiters in 1831), exceed d by one-

JAUiNT TO THE PALLS.

Ill

Niiiiics Mild liiitJalH.

third, that of any other year. In 1840, though tho
preBSuro of the limes wns impi ledented, yet the num-
ber of visitors was about tho eamc as tho previous year.

NAMES AND INITIALS ON THE ROCKS AND

TREKS.

•' Busy memory seeks,
IVen in tlie woody glade, for boujo dear mark
Of iliose we love."

There are observed many names and initials chiseled
upon the rocks, and cut upon the trees. Some high in
the branches, and some projecting over the precipice.
At the first thought one sujjposes that the short lived
immortality thus to be obtained is hardly worth the labor
and risk.

It is not so much the expectation of fixing a lasting me-
morial, as the pleasure of having one's name recognised
by some friend, or acquaintance, in present or after years.
These mementos arc like the registry of a public house,
but possesses a romantic interest that registers do not.
Here on the dark rocks and wild forest trees of Niagara,
mingled with names from every pau of the world, will
sometimes be found one dear to the heart of the observer,
and the object will be hailed with pleasure. It may have
been indented years ago, and he who made the memorial,
may, when the name is recognised, have ceased to exist
among the living ; and then mn^' be broiif''ht t

JiU^^^K#'-

112

JAUNT TO THE FALLS.

Mists aiui Optical Illusions.

" eccncfi long pnescd, never to relurn." More thnu once,
nlfoclini; recof^'iiizfinccR ol thifi kind have been witnessed.
Ifnd the first Enropf.'nn wlio visited this pjjot lelt. Honie
ineniorinl of tlie lime, and his own name, he woidd, by
thnt nh^bl cireuniRtaner, have secured an inunorlality for
aiin8<!lf, and niiieb Balisfaclion to modern enciuirers. —
This is nof, a listless labor; it is interesting to many,
and will often allord some data aad materials for the
traveller and historian.

itH'

^U i

MISTS AUOtJM) THE FALLS, AND OPTICAL
ILLUiSIONS.

" Iiulitilinct

" Hc(Mi (liroiutli liio nuhid tiir, beyond the life,
"Objects 11 ppctir."

The Falls, 1o rcsidenis, have lost much of their lonc-
hi>3S8, the majesty and awful ness which they once poa-
eesBcd. Frequently beholding them has nnide the scene
familiar; not only so, but there are now so many of the
works of man about them, houses stair-cases, bridges,
roads, pro.-^pect towers, and the like, that the wild and
savage a6i)ect which they once wore, has di6ai)peared.

When the ferry was at first established, at times there
would not be a passenger for several days; in conse-
quence, it would be often neglected, and travellers were

JAUNT TO THE FALLS.

l-'irst (iiscoviTv,

113

> n,c „„nu,,„,„ or ,i,„ ;„..,,,„,,,,,,, ,,,,jy ,,„j,,,„,:

«)a« wijo««« <h„. ,l,:„,i„e,I, wl,a. ,„.,.t ,.„.i„„s, on im-
-rtm.t h„8,„,« „, e,.,„. 11,0 ,;v„, ,,,,,„,_.. ^ „„i,^j „__
<he Ainor,™,, bm.k, „„,! vv„tcl,c,l iLc „„„,„;; „f ,Ue ,;,,.
ryin-n. C1„„,I« „f ,„is( w,„;M „,„vo ,lowu fbc river, cb-
8c.,r,ns, ..xcc,,l ,„ ;,„,,,,,,,,, „„■ rf,,,,,. f,,,„ each uihc.
Al 8UC.L Inius, l„„ „p,,oa,a„cc« v^on.. Irnly ,locc|,!ive. I

;l*c, e a,em „„s.,„,- d„„,, ,!,, i,i„ „„

c .mt (I, .r „,„„,„,„ „, ,|,^,y „^,^.„„,^^,,, ,^^ ^j^_^

pi.--'. I>.-oWlv, „ |,|,„t ,„■ ,,,„, ,,„„,j ^._,_^_ ^1^ ;;

"""y the cl.....i „(■ „„■„,, „„., ^,^^,„,,.„^, ^,^^ ^j^^^^ ^^'^^

|.™,,. wco in „i,l,|. I „,,«l,i ,l,i„k ,|,ey b,„| „t„ea

e ,.n,l ,b„ ,.oc .., „,. «.„.e i. „„o i,id,Io„ ,„„, of ,he „„th

Iml .«-,.,„k,,l ,h. bm,k, „« ;,, «.,„„„I Us ol,.„„ro wny „„.

..«■ d.n.lM „n,l (rec. Ag.-,:,, ,t,e ,„i,t ,,„„,,i „|| ;^,_,^

nn<l „.„,„ ,b„ pi„„„„„, „„,,,,, „j,j,„,„. _,,_^,_ |.|^^^ __^^ .^^^^^^

Jutms would lure n.o lo remain (ill ,|„rk„e8s „„cl n.ght
nil of) nil prospect of (ho ferryman's comin.' n"

Wbo ilret diecovered tbe F„ll., does no°t „ppe„r to ho
knew,,. They were visited in 1(;57, and wilboul do,d,t
"m..y yoar« l.eforo. Thi, i, (ho earliest notieo of (hem
ycl ,r„„ght to light. In 1078, they were vi«ted and de-
6cr,ho by Father Hennipcn. The deeeription is not

llu. Falls („)0 feet h.gh, it i. likely (he estimate was made
from (ho top of (he banli (o the supposed bottom of tho
gulf, or abyss into which tho waters ore precipitated. It
18 nut mm ccriainly known but (hot

" ! \ i\

poii.t of viov/ ii?

er.r

rcet.

Ills Cfiuiiiaie in (hut

114

JAUNT TO THE FALLS.

Fruiicis Abl)Ott.

After having viewed the Fnlle, from the observatory,
or brow of the bank, to thr ir satisfaction, the travellers
pass down the river, entering the pleasure garden. A
Bummer house stands upon the ground where once was
the cottage of Francis Abbott. From this place he could
look out upon the Falls, and regale himself with the sight
of the object to which he was siJcU-bound and infatuated.
This was not a favored residence; but as he could not be
permitted to seclude himRclf on the island, to wbich he
was so extremely partial, he Borrowfi.lly seated himself
; here. As every visitor wiBhca to hear about this eccentric
gentleman, all the information Ibat has been obtained,
is given in the following account.

FRANCIS ABBOTT.

«'Frotn my youth upwnnla,
My epirit wi^lknil not, wilh the souls of men,
Nor looked tiiioii tlic earth wilh human eycM -,
The tliirst of their ai!i!)ition was not niino,—
Tlie aim of tlieir existence was no: mine ;
I had no sympathy witli l)^^aUlin^ flesh.
My joy was in tiie wilderness, to breathe
The diflicuU air of the iced momitain's top.
Where the 1)ird3 dare not build, nor insects wing
Flit o'er the herbless <rranitc ; or to plunge
Into the rolling torrent, and to roll tilong."

In the afternoon of the 181 h of June, 1820, a t^l,
vwll built, and handsome man, drc&5cd in n long loose

JAUXT TO THE PALLft.

115

Fr.'inris Alihoif.

gown or cloak, of a chocolate color, was .con passi..g
through ho principal .tree., of the village of Niagara
FallB. He had uiider his arm a roll of blankets, a llutt,
a port foho, and a large book; in his right hand he carried
n Bmall stick. Ho advanced towards (he Ea^rle Hotel
attracting the gn/e cf vis.lors and others by the singular-
ity of hL. appearance. With elastic step and animated
motion he passed the hotel; he heeded not the inquiring
gaze of the .die multitude, but linn and erect he bent hit
course to a more lowly, but re.pectable inn. He at onco
entered into stipulations with the landlord, that the room
1^0 occupied should b. solely his own; that he sliould
Imohistabe to himself; and that only certain portions
ot h.s fare should be furnished by tlie landladv. He made
tue U8unl inquiries about the FuUe, and amon-r other
tlimgs, wished to know if there was a reuding-room or
'lary in the village. Being informed that there was a
ibrary, he immediately repaired to the individual who
kept It; deposited three dollars, and took a book; j.urcha-
«.da violm; borrowed music book.; irdormed the librarian
that his name was Francis Abbott; that he should remain
a cw days at the Fails, and conversed on many subjects
with great ease and ability.

The next day, ho returned to the same person; expa-
tia ed largely upon the surrounding scenery, the cascades
and cataracts, and of that sublime spectacle, the Falls
n all his travels, he said, he had never met with any
(Inng to compare with this combination of all that was
groat^ and beautiful. There was nothing so grand as
N ngara Falls except Mount .Etna, during an eruption.
He inqmred how long traveller, usually remained, and

116

JAUNT TO THE FALLS.

Mis opinion of the Falls.

being informed that many stayed only one day, he obser-
ved that he should remain at leant a week; and further
remarked, "Can it be, that there are thoae who come to
this place, and leave it in one day! I am astonished that
persona can be found so little interested in these aston-
ishing works of nature, as to spend so short a period of
time in passing around and beholding them. As well
might a traveller, in one or two day?, attempt to examine
in detail the various mueeums and curiosities of Paris, as
to think of becoming ncqunintcd with the magnificent
scenery of Niagara, in such a short space of time."
^ In a few days ho called again, and again expatiated up-
on the resplendent scenery of the Falls, and said he had
concluded to remain a month, and perhaps six months.
In a short time after, ho determined to fix his abode on
Iris island, and was desirous of erecting a rustic hut, for
the purpose of abstracting himscll from all society, and
of becoming a solitary hermit. The proprietor of the
island having become acquainted with his eccentricities,
was apprehensive that his permanent residence there,
might be alarming to strangers, who did not know him.
For this reason, he thought it not proper to allow him to
erect a building for such a purpose, but permitted him to
occupy a room in the only house then on the island. In
this house there lived a family that furnished him at times
with milk and bread. But he often dispensed with these
necessary articles, providing himself in such other way
as suited his fancy, and preparing his food to suit his own
taste. He observed once to a friend, *'that people, in
their mode of living, took a great deal of trouble and un-
necessary pains; for my part, I have adopted a method

JAUNT TO THE PALLS.

117

HiM residonce — mode of livinjr.

Which I find very pleasant and agreeable. I take about a
pmt of water, in which I mix n eufficient quantity of
wheat flour, to give it a proper consistence, and then
dnnk ,t down. I find that it answers every purpose, and
eaves me much labor and inconvenience."

With his guitar by his side, supported from his shoulder
with a silken sash, like an Eastern Minstrel, he would
perambulate the banks of the river to the Whirlpool- and
once or twice extended his Malk to Lewioton. The in-
mates of the houses on the way would suddenly hear
the sounds of strange and unknown music, the musician
would be observed standing at a distance in the road, but
ns soon as noticed, or spoken to, would glide away
without giving any reply. '

The island was his permanent residence for about 20
months, At length, the family removed; and to those
tew persons with whom he held converse, he expressed
his great satisfaction of having it in his power to live en-
tirely alone. For some months, ho seemed to enjoy him-
self very much, and until another family entered the
house. He then concluded to erect a cottage of his own;
and as he could not build on the island, he made choice of
the high bank of the river, near to and in full view of the
Falls; which, of all other objects, it was his delight to
behold. He occupied his new residence about two months.
On Friday, the lOth of June, 1831, he went twice
below the bank of the river, to bathe, and was seen to
go a third time. At two o'clock in the afternoon, the
ferryman baw him in the water — he was partly floating
and partly resting his body on the shelving rocks. As

Tv I

the boat approached, to

screen himself from (he gaze of

9mmM-.

118

JAUNT TO THE PALI.H.

M'liiiKT ol' Ills (Icat!!.

tho pnRKon^Pi'8, ho drew Lin lioad under llio wnlor. It wjih
not seriously tbouglit of, us he bfid often been noticed in
the same aituation, and acting in the same manner.
When the ferryman returned, bin clothep ; seen on
the rocka, svliiire \\c ueurdly deponited them. jo was

not there. An examinalion waH inniiediatidy niad(>, but
hiH body coidd jiot be lound. It wna 8U['[)o8ed to have
been carried away by tho current.

III

}

k '• The iircciiy siiriro li;ul Kwept liiia down, I'lr, fur

Froiii iiiorlal krii."

On the 2Ih<, llie body wan taken up a( Fort Niagara,
was eh'arly idcntilled, and wan on Ihe next (biy removed
and d(>eenily interrc'I in tho burial ground at Nia«^ara
FaUH.

Thus tcrminaled tli;- career of the iinfortenato Francis
Abbott — lillle, indeed, luuAvn to Iho.-o near wliom he
spent tho two laal yems of his hfe. Sv)uie f 'W gksam'nga
more can only bo given. He way an Engli>h gentleman,
of a retyped able family; he was endowed with a good
mind, highly cultivated; and was eminently pleasing in
his nuinnerrt. lie was not oidy master of several langua-
ges, bat deeply read in the arti3 and BcicnccH, and pos-
sessed all the minor aeeoniplibhnu'nts of the tininhcd gen-
tleman, fa^scinating eolIo([uial powero, and music and
drawing in great perfection. Many years of bis life had
been spent in travelling. He had visited Fgypt and Pa-
lestine; had trtivelled through Turk..y niul Greece, Italy,
Spain, Portugal, and France; and had resided lor cun-
eideruble periods o[ time in R;»me, Naples, and Pari«.

JAUNT TO THE FALLS.

119

His cli.'iractrr.

While nt iho Fnlle,

l)UHinrss hrongbt him in cnnlncl, with

Foveral of the ii

■ ■' "••"«» t<-*v in ijiuiu ue would

somet.mos ho «ociahlc; to all others ho was distant and
rcsorv..!. JLs conversations were always inlercstinrr, and
h.s doseriptions of countries and people highly glowing
nnd animated. But at times, even with his favored ac-
quamtancc, he wonid hold no converse; but conununica-
ted to them his wishes, on a slate, and would rerpiest that
nothing might he said to him. Ifc would frequently, for
Ihree or four months, go vmshaved,- often wifh no coverirtg
on his head, ami his body enveloped in a blanket; shun-
ning all, and seeking the deepest solitude of the island
He composed much, and generally in Latin; but he do
Btroyed his compositions almost as fast as he produced
Ihem. When his little cot was examined; hopes were
entertained that some manuscript or memorial might bo
ound, of his own comi)osition; but he left nothing of tho
kind. Ifis faithful dog guarded his door, and it was
with difficulty it was persuaded aside while it was opened.
J lis cat occupied his bed; and his guitar, violin, flutes,
mid music books, were scattered around in confusion.
Iherc was a portfolio, and the leaves of a large book-
but not a word, not even his name, was written Jn any
of them. '

Many spots on Iris island arc consecrated to the mo-
mory of Francis Abbott. On the upper end of the island
he had established his walk, nnd in one place it had be-
come trodden and well beaten, hke that on which a sen-
tinel performs his tour of duty. Between Iris and Moss
•sland, there is cm!,owcred in seclusion and shade, one
01 the moat charming waterfalls, or casofldcs, iinamnable.

' II

120

JAUNT TO THE PALLS,

Mis walk.-' — his toiiicritv

■lijpi;;

This was his fnvorilc rcjlrcut for balLiiig. Thoio bo re-
Bortcd nt nil floasons of the year. In the coldest wcntlicr,
even when snow was on llio ground, and ice in the water,
he continued lo bathe in the Niagara.

On the lower extremity ol" the inland, there waa a
briiige leading over what are called the Terrapin Hocks;
from this bridge there extended a single jjiece of timber,
eomc twelve or lifteen Ibet over the precipice. On thia
bridge it was his daily practice to walk; with a quick
step he would pat-H the bridge, advance on the timber to
the extreme point, lurn quickly on his heel and walk
'back; and continue thus to walk for hours together. —
Sometimes he would let him.^eh" down at the end of the
timber, and hang under it by his handri and i'cet for fifteen
and twenty minutes nt a time, and this over a chasm so
terrific, as to make di'/.zy the strongest head. On being
remonstrated with, for thus exposing himself, ho would
reply, that, in cj'ossing llie ocean, he had frequently seen
the sea-boy iji much greater peril; and, as he should pro-
bably again pass the sea, he wished to inure himself to
such damxcrs: if the nerves of others were disturbed, his
were not. in the darkent hours of the night, he was
often foimd walking alone, in the wildest and most dan-
gerous places near the Falls; and at such times he would
shun the approach of men, as if they were unwelcome in-
truders on his solicitude.

He had a stipend allowed to him by his friends in Eng-
land, competent for his support. He attended to the
"elate of his accounts, very carefully; was economical in
his eircnditure of money for his own use; but generous
in payinj far all rav>n":j an-'i gjivJccs, v.r-d never receiving

JAUNT TO Tfli: FAJ.LH.

121

Hit oi)!l i');i ofilip \i(.\vs

m.y thiMK wilhc.t .„„k,„, i„„„e,li,„„ .,„,,„„,„. j,^,

:, ;'7 ""•', " !''";g --'■ "'■ -li^'i"- <i..L „„., ,,.e rut

-smdd ,,H,« behavior, ,,,.,, i,,„n,,,i,„ ,,,,,„ J:
• 1 ol,g,„„ w„s u «,l,j.et l,c. „,,.,rcaalc.,I, ,,nd .ec„.cd
"'•11 " . ndoretand. The clarify ho „ekcd from o.bora
lie extended lo nil mo.dvind. '

What it will |,e i„,i„i,.,,,, ,,„„,j ^„^ ^
-leslroyed s„ch a „,i„d a, hi,J What drive hi,,, fro,,,
s"e.ely wl„cl, ho woa so woll cnlc.,l„,ed ,„ „d,.rn,-„nd
what 1rm,rf„„„ hi,,,, „„I,ln i„ „er«,„ „„d uMkcl, i„,„
nn,a„laled a„e!,n,i,e, „h„„„i„g ,he nseociali,,,, „f his
ellow „,e,r 1 The ,„ya.ery he „ovor unfolded, „,„1 hi,
• .""J^ li..ve ,ou,ai„ed sile„t ,,„ the euhjeol. Jlo w„«
ak.ut twcly-oight yc„r» of age, a:, the time of hi.

With the .ce„cry of Iho Faib, he w„s pcrfeelly i„f„l-
Mled,a„dcx„re:.„odhin,sc!fi„ ,he ,„„.,t mptaro,,. ter,„„,
jvhen he .poke of ,|,„ h„,,,if„l ,et,o.lB of Iri, island
lie was „.kcd why be did not („ko up his residence in
Cai.adn, under his own (rove,„u,e„t-an,o„g his own
peo,, o; and, ns ho prefenod hein;; near (he Falls, ho
could 11,0,0 soleet a ,.l«ce lo suit hi,n, as the views on'
Huit sulo wore conshiered hy ,na,iy, ll,o l.e«;. liis rculy
"•as, that bo pieferrd I his side, heeausc, in all that was
'n<'-.resling and honuliful, the American seencs around
luc inlls were decidedly superior.

iJigtSgi utigmt

H'i

122

JAKNT TO THK FALLS.

Ah'x.'iiHlcr's lim|).

hi?!

'Iff

ALEXANDERS LEAP.

"My (hoiiplils mine buck. AVlicrc wjia I ? Cold,

An.l nimil), aihU'iilily, i"''«^''y P"'*^°
Lifon-nssuiiiod its linu'criiif^ hold ;

And llirob liy llirol), lill >rru\vr» a paiiff,
Whicli for a inoiiKMit woidii conviilso.
]\Iy blood rc-dow'd, tlioiijili tliick and chill i
My rar witli nia-oulh noises rang •,
My heart be<,'an once more to thrill ;
My si.^ltt reuirn'd, thoii'ih (Ihn, alas!
And thicUen'd as it \\ere Willi frhiss-
Mcthoujilit ll('^ <iash of waves was nigh •,
There was a frleaiu, too, of the sky,
Sindded Willi stars : it is no dream."

At a Bpol, about thirty rods from the Falls, a thrilling
incident occurred in 1836.

A number of men, employed upon the Lockport and
Niagara Falls railroad, were one night carousing at a
small tavern in the village. A dispute, upon some reli-
gious subject, arose between a parly of Irishmen and a
few Scotchmen, who happened to be present. The
Scotchmen soon found it necessary to retreat to another
room ; but the Irish blood, excited with whiskey, was
up, and they rushed in upon them, swearing aeu\u and
destruction upon ''Luther's breed." It had beccme one
of those fierce and fatal rows, where reason is lost in
passion and intoxication, and in the whirlwind of ex-
citement, blows are dealt, and life is taken; and from

which, happy is ho who can

safely retreat. The Scotch-

t ,

JAUNT TO THE FALLS

123

Hi8 filltroni the bank.

me,, r.,3hed Ibrough Iho l,„ck door „,„| „ver tb. fenee»
l"<l,„g .hcneolvc. hebiod ..cc. „„,1 „„„„„, :,"'^^
«uccoe,cd in dudi,,,, tUeir i„f„n,„od p„r, ,cra o,f„ rf
then however, .,y ,he na,„c of Alexander, .bo,"h ho

dre.dful When ho got out of ,bc ynrd of Ibe t„vern ho
found h,„sel, ,„„.,„a ,y ,„,„,„ „„^„„„_ , ;™'^;

cq».,„ted w„h the place; it w»s about i, oVIoekT nd
qu,te dark,, be o,.uld «co the wood,, „„ be thought «t «
distance. He ran toward, then: be wa, .Icceivcd by bo
hrush wood and acatteri,,,, trees growing along the ,^0
bank Ibe r,vor. As ho entered the wood, he rem™ .
teed al,ppn,g: ,be .lope i, about SO feet, and the perpen-
d,eular he.gbt 70 feet : he recollected no ,n„re. Tho
next .norning, „t the beginning of day, be found him-
«lf wounded and bleeding on tho rock.. The shelving
bank and nver on one side, and an inBur,nou„tablc bar
ner of rock on tbo other. If. bad never been to the
»ll.,nndd,d not know that there were „„„.« t„ „,cend
the hank; but tho «hanloe, at which the workmen lived,
he knew was down the river. In bopes of finding so,no
P^aco to «sce,„l, crushed and bleeding „s he was, ho
made out to gather himself „p, „,d made his way over
the rocks, and through the brakes and bushea. I„ this
muUated state, he crawled along for nearly two miles.

rhe next day, towards noon, bis companions began to

Unnk of b,m; and, as there was snow on the ground, hi.

teps were w,thout difficulty traced to where he had ;one

over the bank. A party was dcs|,atchod below. Mark,

of blood, and the manner in which he had drawn himself

soon led them to him. They fcand hi

lu on mil

124

JAUNT TO TIIK FALLS.

l-'inli, and Au^liiiL'.

feet, ho bad a stick in bia bandfl, over wbich bis fingers
were clcncbod throuj^'b rncb olbcr, and frozen solid. He
was going round and round, and was then in a bewildered
Btate; and if timely relief bad n. t arrived, he would soon
have peiiBbed. He was wrapped in blankets, and con-
veyed to the place where he lived. His body was se-
verely injured, and his hands and feet were badly frost-
bitten; but, with good medical attendance, and careful
nursing, he recovered in about three months, with the
loss of some fingers and Ioph. Yet, he is an enfeebled
, man, and it is not likely that his former strength will
ever be restored.

FISH, AND ANGLING.

«» The silver eel, in shining volumes roll'd ;
The yellow carp, in scales bedeok'd with gold ;
g'.vift trouts, diversified with crimson sUxins ;
And pikes, the tyrants of the wat'ry plains."

Thp'c are several places where fish arc taken with hook
ar: line, and pleasant sport is aftbrded to those fond of
angling. The best places are between the two sheets of
water, on Iris island; in the eddy at the ferry, in Canada;
and at the Whirlpool and Devil s Hole. There are also,
several other places resorted to. The river abounds with
a variety of fiih: white fish, salmon trout, pike, pickerel,

JAUNT TO THE FALLS.

125

EelH.

is fingerH
.lid. He
iwildcred
t)idd 8oon
nnd con-
' W08 se-
dly frost-
id careful
with the
enfeebled
igth will

'1-,

with hook
se fond of
sheets of
n Canada;
•e are also,
Dunds with
B, pickerel,

l)crch, Bturgeon, cnt-lish, while and black bass, the mue-
ciilnngc, ecia, htrrinjr, and many other kinds.

On the subject of Hsh attempting to ascend the sheet
of water, one of the party, a traveller, remarks — '« In
thin, I am remindud how I was amused, many years ago.
When I was a yonfb, I was nt the Falls, on some busi-
nces; and, while dinner wn.s preparing, the schoolmaster
of the village came in. We commenced talking about the
Falls. He conminnicated to me his whole stock of infor-
mation; and, with other things, gravely informed me that
he had sat for hours together, in observing the exertions
offish to ascend the sheet of water. They would rise for
about eight feet, and then fall back, and attempt it again.
Some would spring from the water; others would ascend
the sheet by muscular strength."

The story must be put down as fabulous. Yet, ella
do actually ascend from thirty to forty (vet, on the rocks,
among the moss and grass, where the mist from the
Falls constantly descends ; and they have been there
picked up, in considerable quantities : but there is no
possibility of their reaching the river above.

Eels were not formerly taken on the upper lake; but
they have been often caught in the river below, and carri-
ed and put alive in the stream above. It was supposed
that they again returned, by passing over the Falls; but,
for a year or two past, a few messes of fine eels have been
caught in the river above, and carried to the BufFalo
market.

,8 i
'1| ■■' ■

Si ...

Mkm

: r

ll;':',

IIIH^mI

^^B ' '^'

126

JAUNT TO THE PALLS.

HiiiHiii^' groiiniiH, nud (iiiiiM*

HUNTING GROUNDS, AND GAME.

The wholo extent of country lyintj east of the Falls,
on the American side, is well filled witL game. This
tract is yet new, a large portion of it being in a state of
nature, and deer and bears have not entirely disappeared;
though the latter is quite a stranger. Sometimes wolves
aio numerous and troublesome, but among a people with
whom the rifle is as familiar as the scythe and reaping
hook, their career is but short. Foxes, wild cats, racoons,
squirrele, and other wild game, are plenty. Similar
descriptions of game are yet found on the islands.

For the sportsman, there are ducks, sometimes wild
geese, pheasants, quails, pigeons and woodcocks. The
woods of Canada also abound witli some kind of game.

Large stories have been related, by travellers, of water
fowl alighting in the current, t:bove the Falls, and, before
they could rise, of being drawn over.

One authentic instance can only be mentioned. As a
gentleman was standing near the Falls, he saw a duck in
the water above. It was playing and gamboling in the
rapid stream, just where the water begins to curve over
Ihe rock. It plunged in, and rose again, several times.
At length, it dived too near the suction of the current,
and it was seen no more.

After very heavy and dark nights, much game in the
morning is frequently picked up, in the river below, such
as wild geese, ducks, and swans, a bird not common to
th« couatry. They fall in the current, in the darkness o'"

JAUNT TO THE FALLS.

127

Itoiul down the linnk.

the night, or dash the.n^elves, in Ihoir paHeage, against
the rocks or sheet of wafer. They arc found dead, or
du^nbled, With broken legg or vvina«.

An old English inagn/ine, called the - Magazine of
Magazines," pretends to give ^' . true account of Niagara
Falls ,n Amenca." A.nong other things, it states that
the Indians, in their canoes, sometimes passed the Falls
in safety. That the cjuantity of game drawn in, and car-
ned over the Falls was so great, that oii a time, the French
garrison, at Fort Niagara, consisting of ]000 men, becom-
ing destitute of provisions, were subsisted for three months
on the game picked up below the Falls. Surely, travel-
lers in those days, u.iderstood how to exaggerate full as
well as those of modern times.

ROAD DOWN THE BANK.

Between eighty and one hundred rods from the Falls
the party arrive at a large excavation in the bank. Great
quantities of earth have been washed away by the action
of water conducted in a race from the rapids for that pur-
pose; and masses of the rock have been blasted longe and
thrown down. It is the commencemeiit of a carriage-
road to the ferry. The road down the bank, in Canada
was completed fourteen or fifteen years ago, and this was
begun soon after. Very little progress was made, and it
was soon discontinued. In 1836, was re-conmenced, un-
11*

ii,

III I'.

fill ill

129

JAUNT TO THE FALLP.

Sliip Canal around ilie l-'alls.

der the QUspicGH of BLMijimiia llatLil)un; and if his opera-
tions had not been brongbt to u close, it would soon have

been completed.

It J8 to be regretted that a work so much required by
the citizens of the country, and for the nccommodation of
the travelling public, ehoidd bo permitted to linger along
from year to year. At an early day the erection of a
flight of stairs to descend the bank to the ferry was Buffi-
eient; but now when the ferry produces a large income,,
and thousands are anuually crossing the river, both on
business and f.^r amusement, no description of stairs can
give to the public that safe and convenient communication
which ought to be afforded, where there is so much pas-
sing and re-passing. It is wrong that travellers should
be still obliged to descend long and tedious stair cases.
In the road down the bunk, and in the Welland canal,
the Canadians have gone ahead of American enterprise.
The very cuter-^rising gentleman who claims the exclu-
sive right of r.iaking this road, has listened to public opin-
ion, and he lias promised that the work shall be immedi-
ately commenced upon, and continued until it is comple-

^ But as to the great ship canal to connect the two lakes!
Forty American vcsgels have been counted at one time
lying in Port Dalhousie, in Canada, waiting to pass thro'
the Canadian canal. Will not the western states rouse to
action on this all-important subject ? Will they allow this
great connecting link between these mighty waters to re-
main broken? Or shall the vessels of this proud Republic
much longer contiime subject to the onerous regulations
Aud exactions of a distant dependency of Great Britain ?

JAUNT TO THE PALLS.

129

Indian Ladder.

When the road down the bank was first commenced,
an Irish laborer was employed on a projecting rock, of
several tons weight. Very unexpectedly, the rock gave
way, and both went down together. Fortunately, the
rock passed down first, struck a heap of earth below, and
rolled out of the way. The man fell on the same heap of
earth, and was to little injured that in a few days he was
able to resume his work.

THE INDIAN LADDER.

A few rods further, and the guide points out a notch
in the bank. Here is the oldest place for descending to
the Falls: it is called the Indian Ladder. The ladder
consisted of a cedar tree, lying sloping against the rocks.
The natural branches, and notches cut in the body of the
tree, were the only slight helps afforded to those who
went down. The last person known to have descended,
was a hunter, by the name of Brooks. He was in pur-
suit of some game, which he had shot, and had fallen
below. He got about half way down, when he slipped,
and fell between twenty and thirty feet, and was badly
injured.

130

JAUNT TO THE FALLS.

I'oiiil View.

I'OINT VIEW.

— "I am on llie brink

Of the srreat waters •, jind their autiiealic voice
Coes up aiiiid tlie rainl)')W and the mist,
Their chorus shakes tlie ground."

i|,i |.

I* i

Point View, on ilic American side, not a neio position,
as the clear surface of the bank and well trod foot path
will show, but one hardly nienlioned by any who have
written on this subject, was the spot from which Vander-
lyn sketched one of his great paintings of the Falls.

On the projecting rock at Point View, the spectator
stands and beholds the unrivalled prospect which is spread
before him. Two hundred feet below the rock from
which he looks, lies the calm ilark waters of the river,
bounded on either side with rock and precipice; the ad-
joining shores crowned with native forest trees, and in the
distance green meadowi-i, blooming orchards, and rising
villages. He looks at the great object of his gaze, with
sensations of reverence; the white sheets hanging in mid
air; the waters foaming, and hurrying from beneath those
that impend above; the spray rushing up from the deep
cavern, and rising in clouds, which hang as a pillar of
smoke over this sublime sanctuary of nature's mysteriefl.
The rocky base of Iris island, dividing the Falls, with its
tall trees towering above the water; the Terrapin rocks
on the American side, and Table Rock, in Canada:—

JAUNT TO THE FALLS.

131

The Falls spoken of by olht-rs.

altogether the scene is, beyond conception, unique and
imposing.

It is thought, by some, that the terms in which the
J'allH ore sitoken of nnd usually described, arc too high
and exaggerated. If the English and Scotch poets are
any criterion for descriptive expressions, (nnd that they
are the true standard, all will allow,) so far then from
being exaggerated, the terms applied to the Falls are but
tame and feeble. Several of the authors alluded to, have
afforded poetical de8crii)tions of v/aterfalls in the United
Kingdom, in which all the epithets of beauty and ;rran-
deur have been exhausted in the labored delineation —
descriptions so lofty as to leave nothing to add, even when
applied to the Falls of Niagara. Look at the objects as
nature presents them: a brook or mill-race, to a mighty
jiver — a pond, to an ocean. Indeed there is no term of
our language too high, or idea of our imagination ade-
quately comprehensive to describe this profound and im-
pressive scene. The mind, awe-struck, is overwhelmfid
and lost amid the elemental strife. And it is not only
so as regards the Falls, but the whole of that portion of
the Niagara river, from the commencement of the rapids
below Navy Island, to the eddying and heavy current at
Lcwiston, is, without doubt, one of the most wonderful
*l the works of nature, and allords scenes, with but few
exceptions, more sublime and terrible than is exhibited in
any other land.

The travellers having now completed their tour to all
the most interesting points along the bank, conclude to
return to the hotel.

132

JAUNT TO THE FALLS.

Villiifrc of Niagara Falls.

VILLAGE OF NIAGAKA FALLS.

#;i

i I

!,<»!

" JiCail on — to yonder village lead,
'SVIicre heaven lias liappinCi-s decreed

For tlioye tlie blessings prize ;
AViio Hcnk, in 'solitary ease,
Jsucli joys as innocently i)lcase,

Nor \\i6h for other joys."

? In 1805, Augustus Porter, Peter B. Porter, Benjamin
Barton, and Joseph Aiinin, Eaqrs. became, by purchase
of the State of New- York, the proprietors of a considera-
ble tract of land, lying immediately adjacent to the Falls
of Niagara. They laid out a village, which was called
Grand Niagara, but was soon changed to Manchester,
This name it retained for several years; but, as much in-
convenience arose, from there being several others places
in the Slate of the same name, it was altered to Niagara
Falls, which is the name of the post office. In 1813, the
village was burnt by the enemy. After the war, the citi-
'^ene returned, and it has very gradually increased, since
then, in buildings and inhabitants. In 1836, the survey
of the village was greatly extended; the lands became in
great demand, and large sales could have been made at
enormous prices; and some lots were sold.

The water power, at this place, is unlimited; and at
some distant day must come largely in use, for manufac-
turing purposes. There is now one large grist mill, two
saw mills, a woollen manufactory, a trip hammer shop,
furnace, and two machine shops. There is also, two

JAUNT TO THE FALLS.

133

VillagRofNiuir.Mru Falls.

blacksmiths' shops, two cabinet makers' shop, one shop
for the manufacture of raihoad cars, four merchants' shops;
one public library, several splendid hotels, and three other
public houses; two public schools, one classical Institute,
and one select school for young ladies; eighty-five dwel-
lings of nil kinds, and upwards of seven hundred inhabi-
tants.

The location is commended for its healthiness, and for
rural beauty, it is unexcelled. It affords the finest places
for residences, for those who wish to combine elegance of
scenery and salubrity of air, of any on the Niagara frontier.
Nature has done every thing; but as to the village of the
Falls, man has done but little. Attached to some of the
houses are gardens, Iruit yards, and some orchards; and
circling around are some beautiful native groves; but no
pains are taken to remove rubbish, open walks, or to add
to the attractions of nature. As to the width of the
streets, nice stone or brick side walks, the banishment of
mud and nuieances, each inhabitant on these subjects
maintains a sturdy independence worthy of a better cause
and much to the annoyance of fastidious travellers who
have been used to dry and easy walking. The bad condi-
tion of the streets is a serious draw-back on the pleasure
of visitors who happen at the Falls in moist weather, and
a great pecuniary loss to the keepers of the hotels, and
business people of the place. People will hurry away
when they have but the choice of two evils, to be cooped
up in their rooms or to encounter wet and mud. More
money is this way every year lost to the proprietors of
the public houses, and the villagers, than the necessary
improvements would cost, if double the value was paid for
them.

134

JAUNT TO THE FALLS.

Hides of IMciisure.

•il

RIDES OF PLEASURE.

,£i-i-

•* By brook and river o'er the i)lain,
Springing light tiic carriai^c dances •,
With crested neck and flowing mane,
Bold and (luick the gay horse prances;
There's glowing clieeks whose bcjioty smiles,

Cheerful hearts with joy rebounding ;
Love with his bewitching wiles,
Far offmusic, sweetly sounding."
I

A regular line of Omiribuees and pleasure carriages
has been established at the Falls, to run every hour from
eight o'clock, A. M. (dining hours excepted,) till sun-
down.

All the principal places of interest in the vicinity of the
Falls, too distant, and which it would be too fatiguing for
pedestrians to visit, are passed or brought into view from
these carriages.

Tickets arc obtainable at the " Whirlpool Omnibus

Office"—

To the Mineral Spring,

'* the Whirlpool Lodge,

" the Devil's Hole,

«• Old Portage Road,

** Fort SchloBser,

" Old French Landing,
The auth r closes this part of his work with the fol-
lowing charming lines, from Mr. Hooker's Album. Apro-
pos — Mr. Hooker should not be forgotten by visitors to
the Falla. He was the first person who became a guide

ill

JAi;x\T TO THE FALLS.

135

Li II fs from an Album.

slrnngore, and ho has ever ,lia(,„g„i„l,ecl himself by
h,B cnre „„<! eivility („ the l„,lie8 and gendcmen vho have
engaged his aorvicea. He haa g„i,l„l individual™ from
airaoat every nalinn on the gl„l,o; Turka, Jewa, Greeks
I omnns, Kgyptiana and Chinese; ex-kings, prinees, J.
Wemen; b.ahopa and prieala; l„on-focos and whiga; besides
be '< iwn tannys." IIo haa grown ohi, bul, he is no, (he
less able to aeiuit himaelf aatisfaclorily to those who em
ploy him.

NIAGARA FALLS.

" I lovp to pnzc upon tiiat craseless rush
Of waters ; for it (fotii raise my full .soul
To Iliin wlio l)i(i,s the deep in wihl/iess flow ;
^Vho h . -es the mighty flood from rock to rock
And sends it dashinfr to (he dark ahyss, '

Where it doth thunder forlli His //lorious might
And sj)eak eternally Jehovali's j)rui,se. '

Bcarce less I love to ?aze upon the circling foajn
And sdv'ry mist- for, on their milder front,
I behold the sweet how of promise, arched —
That how, uJiich, \^•hen refnigent on his eyes
And first was sent to cheer his heart, '

Who mourn'd the ruins of a world,- to him
It spoke of hope, and peace, and future calm.
And, as awe struck, I gaze on yonder flood,
All terrible in wild sublimity,
Trembling I turn away: — then do I love
To fix my eyes on the bright pledge of hope
And think that He who gave it to be oura
Is not a God omnipotent aloue.
But is a God of love — eternal love."

'Niagara Falls, 3(1 Aug. 1835."
12

wjlf .■-■*'-•

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IRK

■|t^"^'^il®l:;Vv'^':r,.v'' -t';,'^

All
Or

There i
and pccul
attracted i
visit, to 8
have an o
or, as it i
since, a ]
island, an(
have giver
appropriate
ted.

A JA UNT

IRIS AND OTHER ISLANDS,

IN THE VICINITY OF

NIAGARA FALLS.

" Say, shalJ we wind
Alonp the streams ? or walk tlie siuilhig mead 7
Or court the foresi glade ? "

There are several islands, which, from their locality
and peculiar position in reference to the Falls, have
attracted the attention and curiosity of strangers; and a
viBit, to some of them, is never neglected by those who
have an opportunity. The one most interesting is Iris
or, as It is commonly called, Goat Island. Many years
8.nce a resident at Schlosser, put some goats on the
island, and hence the name. The present proprietors
bave given it the name of Iris island. As that is very
appropriate, it is proper that it should be generally adop-

fiBMiilfn-ir.ii'-f

'J*

<i I

; (s|

■ii,i .,

ilHMl.

140

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

Iris Islaiul.

It lies in latitude 43 dog. G min. and longitude 2 deg.
5 sec. west from Washington city; and contnins between
Bixty and seventy acres. Though the soil is an accumu-
lation of earth upon a heap of rocks, yet it is very fertile,
producing all the native plants of the country in great
luxuriance. A circuit round it, whicn visitors usually
take, is about a mile. By the boundary commissioners,
who were appointed under the treaty of Ghent, it was
very properly adjudged to belong to the United States;
and the Indian title being extinguished, it fell )nto the
• hands of private individuals. Just at the upper end of the
island, commence the terrific rapids that lead on to the
Falls. There the river divides; the main body passing
on the south-western side, and the lesser on the north-
eastern. The lower end of the ieland is like the main
ehore below the Falls -a perpendicular bank, from sev-
enty to ninety feet, and thence, to the water's edge, a
sloping precipice of from one hundred to one hundred and
twenty feet. A small portion of the island has been
cleared off, and is in a state of cultivation; but the prin-
cipal part is yet covered with native forest trees, of vari-
ous kinds: thro'igh the density of some of which, when
covered with their rich foliage, the rays of the sun are

seldom admitted.

In making the tour of the island, occasion will be
taken to mention and describe such other islands that
lie in the Niagara river, as have in any way drawn thQ
attention of the public

^AUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

141

Jaunt to the Island.

JAUNT TO THE ISLAND.

" Go to the cool and shady bowers,

Where flow the wild cascades ;
Stroll through each green and deep recess,

And dark romantic glades.
Then, rest thee, on the mossy bank.

Or onward further stray.
And gaze upon the mighty stream,

Tliat winds its course away."

The party leave the hotel, and turn down a short
street, called Bridge street. They fall into conversation
with the guide, making Buch inquiries of him as are
usually interesting to travellers, and such as are
commonly made. The information which follows, is in
answer to such questions:

Besides seeing the Falls, travellers, who remain for any
length of time, find various amusements.

The pleasure Garden, comprising about one acre of
ground, a few rods south of the Falls, is an attractive
phce. It affords a fine view of the Falls, and the enter-
tainments offered by the proprietor are of a very superior
order; and especially his evening exhibitiors of fire-works.
For variety and brilliancy they are unsurpassed.

For those who like in-door exercise, there is a ball or
ten-pin alley. There is, also, in the village, got up
exclusively for the use of travellers, several billiard
tables.

There is a library; and at another place a reading-room;
but the locality itself, in general, affords abundant amuse-
ment for several days.
12*

.m^-^-^-M

( 'I

^ '1

142

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

AmiiscincnlH.

Some rcaorl to tho buths : olliers hnlhe in the river.
Some amuse themselves in fiehing ; others in fowhng,
nnd in seeking after <ho great bald eagb\ Some of tho
noblcat of the species have been found in this quarter;
specimens of which are to be seen at Mr. Burnet's mu-
seum, in Canada.

The generality of travellers ride to those places which
it has become fashionable to visit. Old Fort Schlosser,
up the river — the mineral spring — the Whirlpool —
the Tuscaroras Indian village — iuid Fort Niagara.

Besides these, considerable time may be spent most
pleasantly in a trip to Canada.

On Sunday, some travellers go to church, in the vil-
lage; others go to the meeting-htuse of the Indians; some
ride to the places mentioned; and some promenade round
the island and FalU\

The party are descending a small declivity, towards the
bridge, ^o the ipland.

Traveller.— '* Indeed, this prospect is very grand; those
majestic waves, bounding aiul curving along, and that
bridge lying at rest over them ! Here is nature, in all
her might; and the art of man triumphing over obstacles
appearing almost insurmountable."

lsnI;*

'fm

THE BRIDGE TO THE ISLAND.

The construction of this bridge appeared almost incre-
dible to an individual who happened to be at this place
when the work was going forward. One or two of the

JAfJXT TO THE ISLANDS.

143

Uri(l^-o lo the Inland.

Piers only were laid d,»vvn. He c.quirod of the w,)rkmen
the object of the bridge, and to where it was going. '* To
the island," was the reply. '' J don't want lo hvo any
longer," said the stranger, '< than until yon get this bridge
to the island." He could not be convinced that its con-
el ruction was practicable.

It was built by first erecting piers near the shore; long

timbers wore then projected beyond thein. After which,

two substantial posts or duds were let down, and rested

on the bottom, at the end of the projecting timbers, which

were firmly secured to them, and supported them, until

a small crib filled with stone?, was sunk. Then the large

timbers for the piers were framed, put down, and fastened

to the small crib. They were then filled with stones,

the string pieces put on, and the planks laid. After one

pier and bent were completed in this manner, the long

timbers were again moved forward, and another, and

another, constructed, until the whole were finished. The

projectors were Judge Porter and his brother. Gen. Porter,

who are the owners of the island. The original cost of

the bridge was only about sixteen hundred dollars.

The first bridge erected to the island, in 1817, was
built further up the river, opposite to the residence of
Judge Porter. The winter after its erection, in 1818, it
was carried away by the ice, and in the following summer
a bridge was built on the present site, passing to Bath
island. In 1839 it was rebuilt; its present construction
is more firm and substantial than the first.

The erection of this bridge has universally received the
commendation of travellers. It enables them, with a tri-
fling expense, to visit the island with safety and conven-

144

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

Hcd .Tiickel.

ience; on undertaking which, before, was attended with
considerable expense, and some exposure to danger. It
has thrown open to the piibhc view, one of the wonders
of the world, which, to the greatest propoKion of visitors,
could only be seen at a distance.

The income of the bridge is considerable, but no more
than a fair return for such a work. Too much credit
cannot be bestowed upon the genius that suggested the
project, and so substantially executed it.

The celebrated Indian Chief, Red Jacket, passed over
the bridge with one of the proprietors, shortly after it
was completed. His sinister feelings towards white men,
and his envy of their superiority over his brothers of the
forest, arc well known. As he walked along, the min-
gled emotions of hate, envy, and admiration, which
rankled in his bosom, wore expressed every little while,
as he looked on the dashing waters, firm piers, and se-
cure superstructure, with '' Yankee," *'

Yankee," applying an epithet not proper to mention,
though easily guessed, — one demonstrative more of spite
than good will.

Arriving at Bath island, the travellers ascend the bank,
enter the toll- house, and pay the charge of twenty-five
cents each; which gives the individual the privilege of
visiting the island during his stay at the Falls, or at any
time thereafter for the current year.

v!l

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

145

litnh LsJuikI.

BATH ISLAND.

Sounds

•Tlip isle is full of noises,

tliat f^'ivc (]olij,'lit, and hurt not."

A traveller thus speaks of this island: " It is itself a
curiosity worth bcholdin^r. To visit this, alone, would
be worth the c()j.^t of the bridge which leads to it. Why-
it 18 a perfect chaos ! How the waters ru.h and roar
nlong, beating vainly against the impregnable rock to
which it is fast bound. Those trees and green patches;
the broken surface and firm roeka arc all in unison with
each other. Nature has charms here, amid the boister-
ous waters of the Niagara, that I little imagined."

On the south side of the island is a pap^r manufactory,
bclongmg to the Mos^rs. Porters. It is one of the lar-
gest and best conducted in western New- York, and in
which paper is made with machinery, of the latest im-
provement. The rags are put in the engine, and are
passed out through the machinery, in one continuous
eheet of paper, dry and finished for use.

The islands observed just above Bath island, are Sloop
nnd Brig islands. A foot bridge formerly extended to
them, and they were a favorite resort of visitors in tho
warm afternoons of summer. The shade of the trees,
the commotion of the surrounding water, and the cool
breeze that constantly agitates the air, make them, for
social parties, a delightful retreat for an hour or two.
Having passed, with much admiration, the bridge which

■;i:

AipBaiiwnrrr

146

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

Aiiipriwui Flag placed in llif* Hapitis.

spans the beautiful and rai)id piece of water which courses
along, between Bath and Iris islands, they arrive upon
the latter inland.

Before the bridge was built, Iris island was visited by
boats, running down between the two currents, to the
upper point of the island. To strangers, the navigation
appeared very hazardous, and it was not without danger.

In the severe win1;-^r of 182!), the great accumulation of
ice in the river, formed a communication from the main
shore to the island; and, though the bridges were then
"built, yet many persons, for curiosity and a ramble, pre-
ferred crossing over on the ice. In that winter, all the
adjacent islands were accessible, and were visited by many
persons; and the American flog was planted on a ledge of
rocks in the middle of the stream above Brig island.
There, surrounded by the dashing waves, it floated gal-
lantly during the succeeding aummcr, to the admiration
and wonder of strangers, of how it came there.

A DARING ENTERPRISE.

" From a lioy,

I wantoned with thy breakers — they to me
AVere a delight."

The most hardy and daring enterprise known of lafe
years to have been performed upon the rapids of the Nia-
frara. was undertaken bv Mr. Joel R. Robinson and Mr.

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

147

A Slory.

John Smith. There was observed to be in the river be-
low Bath island, hanging to the rocks, and waving in the
water, something that had the appearance of cotton cloth.
These persons got a boat, and launched it in the river
near the paper mill floom. Robinson was to manage the
boat, and Smith to secure the prize. TI.ey succerded in
gomg very near the point, of the island which lies to the
southwest of Bath island, and just above the Falls. They
secured two pieces of domestic sher ngs, and returnod in
safety, Robmson having managed the boat over the driving
and impetuous water in perfect self-possession, and with
apparent ease.

Iris island had often been visited both by the French
and English, previous to the Americans coming in pos-
session. The initials of names have been found u^ion the
trees bearing a date as far back as 1742. In an old En'^-
hsh magazine, it is related, that on a time, two Indians
were, by accident, cast ou the island. Thr v made ropes
of the bark of trees, and passed down the lower bank to
the river, but being afraid to enter in between the two
sheets ot water, returned. An ingenious French black-
smith, belonging to a corps of artificers, who were then in
this quarter, seeing their suffering and perilous condition,
constructed a pair of stilts, by which means he passed
over safely to them, carrying them over supplies; and by
the same means finally succeeded in getting them off.
The story is doubted, but it is not altogether incredible,
borne years ago, the construction of a bridge over the
roughest part of the river, to the same place, would have
been considered more impracticable than the performance
juat mentioned.

■m

.vHOi

■

148

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

The (Jrove — Ho^'h Back.

On ascending the hill, from the bridge, three walks
arc presented : one to the right, leading to the Biddlo
Btair-cnse and to the Horse Shoe Fall; the one in Ironi,
goes directly across the island; and the one to the left,
passes near the edge of the bank, to the upper end.

The party continue the jaunt, taking the road leading
to the Biddle stair-case. It is the course usually taken.
On advancing a short distance, they enter a lofty grove
of trees, through which the walk passes for some distance.
It is one of those delicious places for which nature has
done every thing, and to which art can add nothing. Tho
road that passes tbrough it, accouii)lit<hcs all that ever
should be done, nnd the sound of the axe should never bo
heard upon these trees, to disturb the stillness which
reigns around this spot, or to profane what nature seems
to have consecrated.

As the road nears the lower end of the island, the
height of the bank, from the edge of the water, increases;
from which circumstance, it appears, this part of the isl-
and has received the name of the Hog's Back. The name
is considered very inapplicable; but, as some travellers
have spoken of the Hog's Back, as being something pecu-
liar, it has been thought proper thus succinctly to refer
to it.

At the northwest corner of the island there is a fine
prospect of the river, of Canada, and of the American
Falls, suitably so termed, aR they are entirely within the
United States. The actual boundary is in the centre of
the river, between the island and Canada, and must be
about the middle of the Horse Shoe Falls. By some means
or other, the public have been led into a mistalce on this

.TAITNT TO THE ISLANDS.

149

Trosppct Ixland.

tbo Falls ,« e.velu6,vcly i„ ,ho State of Now- York, and
»o d of the n,„i„ ehannol, as it eonsti.utea the „„„

rnOSPECT ISLAND.

"Whore Icfips

The torrent in io wihl oaroer,
While sliake its l)arricr.s, as> in fear,"

From the point of Iris i.lnnd, fronting the Americ«n
Fa Is descends a path towards P,ospect idond, sometimes
ca ed Mrs. Davis's isia id. as, wh,!e she was visiting the
l-alls, a foot bridge was thrown o/er to it, and on its
extreme point she planted a few seeds of the everlasting
pea, which were observed some years afterwards in bloom
with their beautiful little flowers hanging over the side of
the bank, near the Cave of the Winds. The bridge to
this island, is generally carried away in the winter, and
replaced again in the summer. It is worth crossing over,
to ramble through the tangled evergreens, to look down
the hi^gh bank, and enjoy the prospect which is there dis-

150

AM XT TO THK IST.ANDS.

Iii),'r»lianiN Cnvc.

IN GRAHAM S CAVE.

«« The weeping rocks ilislil, with coiiHlMnt Hpwh ;
Tlie gushiiiK waters lienwivc ihuuglits infuse.
Here a viist iirrli, the cavity so wide,
Scarce, can the oyc rvtciid from side lo side,
lliflli o'er tlie roof iillernalc echoes wave,
And sound in distant tliunders, tlirough the cave."

This cave was first discovered by .Joseph W. In graham,
Esq. who gave it the name of the Cave of the Winds, one
as applicable as any that can be u^cd; yet, the public, dc-
sirous to award some meed of tb- .r esteem to the amiable
discoverer, have, in many instances, evinced a desire to
use his name, and call it Ingraham's Cave. It was tirst
entered by Mr. George Sims and Mr. Berry Hill White,
of Niagara Falls village. They passed over the rooks, and
through a port of the sheet of water. It was, they alleged,
difficult and hazardous, but they acknowledged theii.pelvcs
fully rewarded in thn new and magnificent scene which
the lofty cavern presented. Mr. Ingraham soon afterwards
visited it himself, and Horatio A. Parsons, Esq. and a few
others, have since ventured in. It is represented to be
near one hundred and twenty feet wide, about thirty feet
deep, and a noble arch hanging ov. r head eighty feet
high, and the sheet of water rolling in front.

It is said to be quite a;i adventure to go imder Table
Rock: it is a much greater one, to visit this cavern.

The following beautiful lines are taken from Mr. Hook-
er's Album:

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

Tije Ilid.iie ?<lnir-fase.

151

•• Dread awe-inspirinjf cavorri ! '^fMnj? f|,n new
AVild, wond-roiKs ol.je.l.s tli;,t around I view '
None «irikrs my houI like th.o ! Thou .cn'st .u aio
1 he very porlal of Huhlm.iiy !
And naiurc_:,.s if dr.-:..|i)i-r ,„ expose
The hidden aiyslerir;.. ,.t lir-r ini-nv tliroes-
Hath (hrovvn over thee a wi.ie .pread, henuteou« veil.

M oven fro,n ,he nir-hnn. wat.rs- ..atched fro,u out
Their wonted , .lani.el f.ir this stronj,' avail -

A,uJ dyed it with the lovelirst tints fhro..irh„,u -
K en trin^'cd it with a rainlx.w ! ?,li.Hity eavr •
What shall we call the 7 VVh.t ..a.ne ^ould'st thou have
More ht ih;u. las, who (irst ,hy depth lid scan -
Ftrst oje'd thy rocky doorn to w „„d'ruig inun 7
^ es : « hile Dene u w.ds thy viuilie.i arches sv. eep
And thy wiM shores the ru.lnu^ waters lave, '
Or thiiidcr there terrific xi'jlU keep,—
He thon forever known as Inoraium's (kve \

A. H. P., of Georgia."

' (

THE BIDDLE STAIE-CASE.

The pnrfy, after (heir progress to Prospect island, re-
trace their steps, and coi,' nue their route to the Bddle
stnir-cnsc. This convenience, for deecendin; the bank
was erected at the expense of Nicholas Biddle, Esq. \i
was a great desideratum to travellers, to be enable to reach
th's part of the island, to range niong over the rocks, and
to advance near the sheets of water. The stairs are of the
spiral form, well secured from the weather, and about

152

JAINT TO TilK ISLANDS.

llornc f*\\ov. Fulls.

i'i<,'lily ftM-l bifih. Near (ho fi>ot of those staira, at the
(•(Ijrc of Iho wiitrr, Sam. Patch, in 1H:J!), nimlc two lea^ a
from n plnlform, iiinoty-acvcn feet hiuh, orccted for the
p\ir|)o.sc. Sum. cnmc oil" with credit, lion"; hut shortly
aflor, tlio poor foUow mmlo two lonprf nt Ilochostor,— ono
from the hoi^ht of oiio hiuidroil foot, ami tho othor of one
huiidroi] ajid twonly-livo foot. Tho Kiat provod fatal; he
(lid not vmif ami was novor found.

Aftor tho travoliorti have proceeded below, and gone, na
near the slioots of vvat(.'r on each side as they dobired, and
had pointed out to thom all tho ohjoota of interest, they
return, and resume thoir walk alonj,' tho brow of the bank.

m^s

, sii

SHUI't l.ii

THE HORSE SHOE FALLS.

" TIiou foiirfiil slrcani '.

llnw do tliy terrors tour me I'roiu niy myself,
And till my rfoul with wonilor !"'

This sublime prospect opens to view suddenly, between
the trees, 'j he rainbow, seen below, encompassing a
obuul of pprcy, is as beautiful, with all its mellow tints of
coloring, as the same oi)jecL appears after a summer's

ebowcr.

The rainbows are seen according to the position of tho
spectator with that of the sun. In the morning, they are
viewed from this side; in the afternoon from the British
Bide. At night, when the moon shines brightly, a lunar
bow encircles the Falls, with rays well defined, but pale

, at the
'o lea^s
for tbfi
shortly
r, — one
r of one
iitiil; he

gono, na
reel, and
at, they
be bnnk.

between
^inssing a
V tints of
uimmer's

on of the
, they are
le British
y, a lunar
but pale

jfAuxTjro Tin: r.srA\i)s.

IVcispcci 'I'owor.

153

«nd murky. 0„ ,„,„ ,„•,.„,, ,,,,, „,,,., ,^

congregnfe on the inlnn.!. nn<l nuU ,o|. .,Mu.J^^Z

to pervade every bo.on.. The mind ..t.ellv ;i 1 7
sentiment of the jmet — ^ ^"^

How many .-.r.Ml.c scenes of woe on which '
Ihy pureli;fht Ijeamctli !"

Tlie cnr«,,(..rc.,l 8e,„i„„,„|„li«i lingers around this scene,

becomes wrapped in sad „„., „nwo„,ed n.editations. The
great F„l s, rhe lovely „,„„„ conr.ins i.s way throjh

act, the sombre woods, ,bc deep n.yslcrious s„lf, the
™hmg waters, all eon.bine powerfully ,o affect the mind
^o no,sy conviviali.y, no boisterous mirtb prevails at such
;;n.c. and ,»s.u.d is beard e.eept the de^^

In the centre of the Hor.e Shoe Fails, the wafer is of
feerde,.r™ "'"' ""'' '' '"'^'"'^'"'' '" '"' "■""" '^^^'^

PROSPECT TOWER.

Jtl^ K .""■"■'f '""■'*"°"' *■■'"■ "" «''«"vafory on the

op, budl below the point of the island, among the Ter-

r.pm rocks. From the observatory is presented a full

154

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

Impressions of Visitors.

•^reat Falls, O'ld into the

view into the very midst o
great chasm below.

♦♦ It l)ul)l)lc3 up, it fiurgles fortu, .1 hisses and it roars,
As when on nitfiiiK fire a stream of Rushing water pours ;
Wild sheets of foam shoot throu</h the air, waves thunder

towards heaven,
As forth from out the hlack abyss the hiUowy flood ia driven."

The timber and fragments that are scattered around,
are the remains of a bridge, built by Gen. Whitney, a
part of which projected over the bank. It was on a
single projecting timber of this bridge, that it was usual
for Francis Abbott to walk, and, at the extreme end,
turn on his heel and walk back.

The Terrapin bridge should be re-built. It afforded an
unqualled prospect into the white and misty chasm. And
to spectators at a distance, the ligiit bridge hanging over
the clouds and rainbow below; the moving forms upon it,
ourrounded by the flickering spray; now seen, and anon
hid from view, gave to the scene an impressive interest
deeply felt by every sentimental mind.

THE IMPRESSIONS OF VISITORS.

" When nature's might some wond'rous scene unfolds,
And awe-struck man the glorious work oeholds,
In silence fix'd — th' enrapt imagination —
More than loud words, shows forth its admiration."

It is frequently inquired, what are the usual impies-
sions of visitors? They are various. A very few think

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

155

I'aiiiftil iiii|)rrs.sioii.

I>ghtly of ihc FnllB, or oxprc.s .urpri«e that others are so
absorbed n,Kl pleased with them. Sueh persons usually
remark, '^ Is this „Il7 I b,„ve been deceived!" or the cii-
max of their admiration is cxprosyed in —

" Oh ! wli.-it !i place to sponge a coat :'♦

Some are so much moved, as to form a lasting adaeh-
ment, and visit Ihem ofien, even from great distances.
Others have been completely iufatuated, and seem only
1o bye in beholding this subli.ne work of nature, and in
inhnhng the pure though mist-imprognated atmosphere,
which arises from the broken v/aters.

Some look upon the Falls with fl'elings of dread, and
the impressions they leave on their minds, are those of
terror. Many years since, when travelling, I fell in with
n party at a public house. Niagara Falls happened to be-
come a topic of conversation. '^ The Falls," said a lady
who was present, " I saw them three months ago, and
neither sleeping or waking, are they out of my mind. 1
hear them roar, and see them before me continually."

"Is their impression painful or pleasant ?" I enqm'red.
" Oh, very painful and distressing 1 They are dread*
ful !" was her reply.

When a party of Indians, from the far west, were on
their return from Washington, they were brought this
way. When they saw the Falls, they evinced emotions
of reverence, and cast their pipes, wampum, and several
trinkets, in the water, as offerings to the Mighty Spirit
of the place.

Many gentlemen have expressed themselves as expe-

P'fli

JMMtiiii'.'

•.mi

156

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

Winter scciicM.

riencing very strange Bcnsations, while l)eholding the
Falls. Fear — a perception ot weakness — trembling of
the nerves; but the predominant sensations are those of

reverence.

Traveller.—" Siu-h ecnsntionR are becoming the place;
for who can look upon the.^o rising cloud?, this rush of
many waters, these walls of rolid rock, and this abyss
of foam, without reverencing Iliin who made them, and
upholds them still."

«i: 1

WINTER SCENERY.

»' Who c;in ]);iint

Like nature? Lisn iniagiiiiition boast,
Amid its gay oreution, liuc^i like hers ?"

The Falls, in winter, present a very different appear-
ance from that of any oUicr t^caaon of the year. Large
quantities of ice accumulate in the river below, which,
gradually gathering in the eddies with that which is
brought from above, join together, and form a natural
bridge. This bridge of iee extends, frequently, to within
n short distance of the sheet of water, hnd to the rapids,
two miles below. It is in places from twenty to forty
feet thick. On the rocks, such large quantities of snow

JAUNl TO THE ISLAN-

DS.

157

AVinter sfoiierv,

nml con^rcalcd nnst collect, ns to form pyramids, reaching
nlrnost to the upper surface of the Falls. On the perpen-
diculur banks are sKspcnded huge icicles, of the most
fanciful shapes, which are white as alabaster, and appear
at a distance like magnificent columns. But the most
beautiful sight iB the spray congealed upon the surroun-
Jl-ng trees and shrubs. Every branch is incrustcd. It
looks like a forest of coral, but of dazzling whiteness.
Towards the close of the day, iii winter, when tiie rays
oi the dcchiiing sun passes through the rising cloud of
inist, ,t appears as if tinged with burnished gold, or as
a bnghi flame of fire, floating in mid air. This, with the
trees, in their dress of perfect whiteness, makes the scene
80 novel, so strange, that it appears like fairy-work, or
a« one of ern-hnntment. Nothing is wanted but the ice
palace of Cat.nrine of Russia, to make it like a perfect
winter paradise to the e.vc. The eye only can be de-
..ghted; to every other sense, it is the very essence of
frost and cold -of vaix>r and glittering snow; a meet
place for ancient winUr'a mint

Travellers who have visited the Falls, in the winter
say that when the tree, are thus arrayed, the views affor-
ded are superior to those of summer, .fust to look on,
for a short period, it is, indeed, unequalled; but you must
Boon hurry away to the warm rooms of the hotel. lu
summer, you can ramble through the groves, wh^re na-
turc IS clothed in her beautiful dre.s of green; then, you
pass from scene to seem?- ''all nature smiles." Noth-
ing can compaie with the beauty as well as gi-andcur <^
this place while summer holds her cheerful aiid iiapuy

rcign.

iMfeU

.* '11

iim

158

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

&!hriil)s and PlautH — InsectH.

Ml. !

SHRUBS AND PLANTS.

« F>UTimcr ! doliclods summer ! Ihou dost fling
Thy unbouglit treasures o'er the glorious earth «
Music iH in thy step, and m thine eye
Afloodofsunsliine! On thy brow is wreathed
GarhmdH that wither not, and in thy breath
Are all the perf.mics of Arabia !"

It has been reported, that there are many plants found
* on Iris island, not commoti to the surrounding country.
This is not correct; but there iff, certainly, in the small
space of the island, a greater varicly of plants to be ob-
tained, than at any other place. For this reason, many
visitors are in the practice of collecting her])arium8 of

such as they fancy.

There is one peculiarity reputed of this island, which
is a desideratum vainly desired at many places. It is,
that there are here no musketoes, or other insects, to an-
noy or interrupt the rcpoee of those who seek these se-

eluded bowers.

This has been contradicted ; but, in support of the
assertion, an individual, who has resided for over twenty
years at the Falls, states that, during that time, he hua
not seen a dozen musketoes, nor been bit by one; and
that he has often visited the island, and never observed
an insect of this description on it.

The party, in advancing along the path, by the side
of the river, come to a place where the walk is suddenly
terminated by the caving in of the bank.

■ ,1

i ,

: f

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

159

Vessels sent over the P\ill.s.

The river, at this spot, has made advances on the
shore several hundred feet ; and the road, which a few
years ago was made to encircle the island, is here for
some distance washed away. The water is continuing
lis devastating power, most forcibly. A large piece of
the island will soon lie carried over the Falls, or a new
channel will be formed, dividing it in two.

VESSELS SENT OVER THE FALLS.

" Like thee, full man)- a frallant bark
Ha.stes on its faterl way ;
The wave, the jrulf, tJie cavern dark,
Ope' to receive tJieir prey,"

The party, being on a position that commanded a view
«>l the vessels going down Ihe river, and passing over the
i^alls, some account of them is usually requested. The
schooner Michigan, an old merchant vessel, of lake Erie
was dismantled, with the exception of the masts, and
iiggmg enough to hold them up, and sent over in Sep-
tember, 1827; and the Superior was sent over in Octo-
ber, two years after. Thoy were towed to the centre of
he stream, between Navy islan,] mid Canada, and let
loose. The Michigan came maje;.(ically along; figurcB,
representing men, were placed at proper stations, and a
number of animals, both domestic and wild, were on
board.

160

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

Vessels pnssiMKovcr llif I-'iil! -.

The putting of nnimals on board, lor cerlnin destruc-
tion, for mere nmuscmcnt, was not generally approved;
but, in extenuation, it was eaid that none had been taken
but the useless and vicious, and euch as would have been
destroyed, if they had not been Beieclcd for this purpose.

Onward the vessel floated, the river was smooth, and
all was quiet on board. The poor animals, having been
tormented as they had passed through the hands of the
vicious and unfeeling, tired and worn out, had laid them-
selves on the deciw and in corners, to rest. She arrived
at the first descending swell, and passed down gallantly.
All was yet in repose on board; she came to a more ra-
pid descent; was tossed to and fro, and the animals were
Been running about from one place to another. Bruin
was more actively engaged than others, amid the doom-
ed throng, he took an observation from the rigging,
which he ascended, and then returned to the deck. Still
very near the centre of the river she passed along. An-
other, and a greater pitch is made — her bow points to-
wards the Falls— she rocks from side to side — vainly
she labors to pass the rocky reef :— the masts go by the
board. One deep descent more: she groans harshly over
the verge — her bow descends, and with an astounding
crash, falls upon the rocks; she breaks in two— the tim-
bers sink to the water's edge — and the whole moves on,
u doating, broken mass, and pass over the Falls. The
•>ear, and one or two other animals, reached alive the
Canada shore, above the Falls: all 'he others perished.
Between fifteen and twenty thousand persons came to-
gether, to witness this sight.
The large vessel, called the Superior, which was sent

JAUNT TO THE ISLANUS.

over in 1829, did „ol proccwi in its ^'^^^^^^TTiiZiZT'
in a„ch gan„„t «.,,e. S„e ,„d,ed „nl\l ' t
mamed (here for several day«, „„d wont over u„ beerved
xcept by two or throe person. I„ ,U„ i„„„„„, t "l'
mals were put on board.

-MOSS ISLAM).

"In IjKiulili.l iviMness ii uUirls auny
Wasting ii3 wcallli in lailljery spray."

The walk round the i«hu,d passes near to the beautiful
stream of water, which ru„a on the north side of mI
■eland. Th. stream is overhung and enshrouded with
trees and evergreen .hrubs, whose leaves dip in ffae eil
vered water as it glides along. In it, „„„„^, ,,,^f,: .
most ovely water-fall, in rnuunUuo, and wh eh Fralei!
A bott used as his shower bath. The adjacent spot ,
»1 ed Moss island on account of the mosly and v Ive

the°dT„TT; °' "' """""• °" '^'^ '^^""'^ Abbott
as be of rough materials, with latticed windows, Ld
^b covered w,th moss and evergreen creeping v „ee.

With the cottage, w,th a draw attached to if, that, when
he dea,rcd to be alone, he might be socure from all m

162

JATTNT TO THE IRLANHF?.

i f

The HcrinilaKO.

trnsion, and ho himself the master of a small and solitary

domain:

•' Recluse, and hid from every eye,
Suvc that of smiHn},' heaven."

Such additions would have been quite an attraction,
and the hermit, himself, a great curiosity. He appears
to have been just the kind of man required to animate
these wild romantic scenes. On the subject, he observ-
ed, *♦ On some of the great estates in England, where
I the proprietors seek to give a romantic interest to their
possessions, a forest or some retired glen is chosen, where
a hermitage is erected, and a man himd to play the her-
mit When the owner passes over his estate, with his
friends, the hermit, with his flowing beard, and dressed
in antique costume, receives them at the hermitage.
He would conclude, by saying, *' 1 desire to live alone; I
voluntarily wish to retire from the world. It suits me
not to mingle with mankind."

The islands lying beyond Moss island, are not accessi-
ble, excepting in some severe winters, when the ice and
enow is driven around them, and dammed the water oft;
at such times they have been visited by a few persons.
The httle island which lies between this and the Canada
shore, and which just rises above the water, is called Gull
island, from the circumstance of its being the resort of
great numbers of birds, of that species. There they live
secure and unmolested by man.

Some years ago, a bridge frcm the island to Canada,
to pass over Gull island, was a favorite project with some
gentlemen.

JAUNT TO THE ISLAx\DS.

168

Navy Islmid.

It would bnvc been a great undertaking; and, if com-
pleted, a cunoeity not loss interesting than the fIiIs

Having arrived at the head of the island, where an un-
obstructed prospect of the river is presented, severa b-
jects are ebcted by the inquiries of travellers. They are
comprjsed in the notices which follow.

NAVY ISLAND.

"There is a pleasure in the pathless woods ;
TJicre in a rapture on tlie lonely shore ;

There is society, where none intriuies,'
By the deep wave, an.hnusic in its roar •
I love not man the less, but nature more'."

This island contains three hundred acres of land. It

that and he American shore. Opposite to Navy i.land,
iB Street's point, in Canada. It was once a ttavy yard
the B i,,h, and late the residence of Captain Us^
one of the persons concerned in the Caroline affair, and
Who was assassinated in December, 1838.

THE LOW FAMILY.

" Ah ! never shall Uie land forget

How gushed the Iife-h]oo<i of her brave -

tiushed, warm with hope and valor yet,
Upon the soil they fought to save.' >

MgeJ to belong to the Britisb, Mr. John Low made some

164

JAIINT TO THK ISLANDS.

iiUMiienaiit Low,

31! 1'

lyw 1

fl" 1 '

11 -4

hI m '^ '

H '1^^ A\

^Hi '''

iii

impruvemenls, and built a house .u, the eastern end. He
resided there with hi» fnn,ily. They were A"-''^""";''/
birth and in principle, and of very respeetab e eharacter
and eonnexicms. When the war broke out, they lell the
island, and took up their resideuee on the '™""'"'"; "^
Bloody Hum. At the battle of ^iurenston, ho unfortunate
to the Ameriean arn.s, old Mr. Low F-^'^'y ™ "f "l",^
as one of the pilots, to eonduct the boat. Whde thus
employed, he was fatally wounded, and died soon after
His son, John, at the tin.e of his father's death, had
1 just engaged in the praetiee of the law, in the eounty of
Niagara; but gave up the prospeet of a lucrafve pract e
to serve his country, and accepted a lieutenancy m the

"Tn the disastrous clo.o of the year 1813, when the
destruction of all the vUlages and seltlen^cnts on the N,-
„„„ra river was effected by the combined forces of the
?n^sh and Indians, Lieut. Low was at old Fort Bchlos
ler, of which, however, there was then, an'"^- ^^^^
since, nothing remaining but the name. The British
force that scoured along the border, was overwhelming.
The lieutenant, with a few men, waited the approach o
the enemy, and made such resistance as thoy could. He
was shot, and his men saved themselves by flight.

Ifter the soldiery had secured the v'-f-. f ^ °°''.
the body of Low, and laying it on a table in the hall f
the aneLt Schlosser house, set the budding on fire.
This, and all the other houses in the place, were con-

Thtother, by the name of Vincent, when the war was
over, entered the military academy, at West Point-

J '

T TO THK ISLANDS.

165

VV'illiain (Jhamhers.

About a y. „,„„, o„ ,h„ „„.„,,„, rf^np „ salute,
ine cannon b. 4, nnd ho wn- h\} •

Wp«t Pr * V I , "lonumcnt Qt

We8tP(> »t records (he melnnclu)ly nU

\Whf

WILLIAM CHAMBERS.

" No voice comes to fiiin oVr the x nf waves
But tJic wild dusJ.ing of the uiircIeniHig surge '"

In the nccountfl of the nfTair of Navy Island, an old
woman ,8 mentioned as being the o.dy inhabitant when

of W-ll"" l,r\'°°^ J^— -"• She was the widow
of Wdham Chambers, an indivichial among the early set-
lers of the country, of sotne notoriety. He was one of
those persons often found upon the frontier of two na
t.ons; sometimes living in one, and at another time living
m the other; taking a part equally with citizens or subjects
m political affairs, and entering with interest in matters
nnd thmgs incident to the nation in which he happened
to bo. Tn Canada, a most loyal subject; in the United
States, most vociferous in the support of the dominant
party.

At the commencement of the war with England, he
resided m the United States, a few miles in the rear of
Fort Niagara. At one period, he was suspected of car-
rymg on a correspondence with the British, but no evi-
dence appeared against him. When, however the
country was overrun by the enemy, he remained at home
14*

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23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

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166

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

Wininm Chambers.

unmolested; and he and a few others, nftcr that period,
kept up a communication with (bem, at Fort Niagara.
It was not generally believed that his intercourse with
them was of a criminal character. With his neighbors,
he pasr^ed as a wry easy, obliging man, designing evil

to no one.

He was one of the pioneers of Niagara county, and a
genuine leather-Btocking. He was among the first that
opened the woods on the bike ebore, at Eighteen-mile
Creek. He would tVcciuently sell out, as is usual with
persons of his description, and realizing a small profit
on his labor, would pay oft' bis debts and commence

anew.

His last residence was at Navy island, under the juris-
diction of Canada: his principal occupation was bunting,
trapping, and fishing. Grand island, and the other isl-
ands in the river, abounded with game. The muskrat
was the chief object of pursuit, being the most numerous,
and affording the beet return: coons were also plenty —
the meat was acceptable, and the skins sold readily. The
mink, the fox, and the otter, afforded him more valuable
furs. To these, he occasionally added the deer, the bear,

and wolf.

He had arrived to near eixty years of age, when, one
very stormy night, in lbs month of December, he and
another person came to a farm house, near the river,
about seven miles above the Falls. They said they had
been up the river, and had purchased a barrel of whiskey,
which they had with them in the canoe. They staid an
hour, and at nine o'clock, departed. They were advised
io remain: the Geverity of the storm, the darknnes of the

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

Expedition to Nuvy Island.

167

night, and the danger of the river, were urged upon
them; but Chambers was confident in his ability to '<get
over the bay." They lauched their frail canoe in the
rapid stream: fbr a moment only, after leaving the shore,
they were distinguishable - they were then lost in the
driving tempest; ana men or canoe were never more heard
of. They went over the Falls.

one

he and

river

THE EXPEDITION TO NAVY ISLAND, AND THE
STEAMBOAT CAROLINE.

" Nipht's blessed spell hath now

Lulled every sound of crirth in slinnl;er deep.

The sad heurt hulli awliiie forgot its woe —
The weary frame its toil ; Init such sweet sleep

Brings not its halni to soothe this fevered brain and b row."

About the middle of the month of December, 1837,
twenty-eight men, principally Canadians, with Rens-
Belaer Van Rensselaer, and William L^ n Mackenzie,
went on Navy island. They called to them the patriots
of Canada, and all others the friends of that cause. In
the space of three weeks, between three and four hun-
dred responded to the call; some from the United States,
and some from Canada. They brought with them arms
and provisions. They staid on the island for one month,
and then, at their own choice, left it, and not in fear of
their opponents. Opposite to them, were assembled five

hr-

168

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

ii.

If-

Steuinboat Caroline.

thousand men, consisting of British regulars, incorpo-
rated militia, and a body of Indians and Negroes. Bat-
teries were erected, and balls and shells were at intervals
cast upon the island. The islanders were incessantly in
a state of danger and alarm; yet they would, at times,
provokingly return the fire. For a month, a raw, undis-
ciplined band of men, in the severity of winter, with no
shelter but such as they then constructed, and miserably
clad, set at defiance and laughed at the overwhelming
force, which lay so near to them, that they frequently
conversed together. Let justice be done to them; and,
however, by contending parties they may be differently
esteemed, there must be awarded to them the praise of
being as enduring and as brave a set of fellows as ever
assembled together. They left the island because the
United States would not countenance them, and in ac-
cordance with the wishes of American citizens, who in-
terposed to effect their dispersion. An expression of one
of the leaders, before leaving, was—" I fear not my
enemies, but my friends."

Theie is an occurrence connected with the Navy island
affair, painful to relate.

The steamboat Caroline came from Buffalo, on the 29th
of December, it was said, to ply as a ferry-boat between
Schlosser and Navy inland. It passed, that day, forth
and back several times, and before sun-down was brought
to at the wharf, at Schlosser, and moored for the night.
At that place, there was but one house, and that a tavern.
The warlike movements between the patriots and British,
had drawn to the frontier, through motives of curiosity,
a great number of persons. The tavern was crowded —

%ii!fr^

island

U if

f t^'^ i\

lodgir

servir

hoard

the V

kept,

but b(

riiGhc(

crying

No ar

pectet

uninji

woiin(

twelv<

Ihe bo

the fl
shone
On th
burnin
expedi
boomii
of thog
The
vod on
ecene
Iris ieli
and el]
the GUI

In j
accoun
8tructi(

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

169

Beacon Liehi.

lodgings could not be obtained— and severnl persons, ob-
serving the steamboat, sought for accommodations on
board, and were received. In the middle of the night,
the watch, for a watch on board steamboats is usually
kept, saw something advancing on the water. He hailed,
but before he could give the alarm, a body of armed men
ruGhed on board, ehot at the sentinel, and all they met,
crying — '< Cut them down!" ''Give no quarters!"
No arms were on board of the boat; no attack was ex-
pected; and no resistance was made. Some got on shore
uninjured; others were severely cut and dangerously
wounded. One man was shot dead on the wharf, and
twelve were missing, either killed, or burnt and sunk with
Ihe boat.

They towed the boat out in the river, and set it on fire;
the flames burst forth; it drifted slowly, and its blaze
shone far and wide over the water and adjacent shores.
On the Canada side, at a distance above Chippewa, was
burning a large light, as a signal to those engaged in the
expedition. In a short time, an astounding shout came
booming over the water: it was for the success and return
of those who had performed this deed.

The beacon was extinguished. The Caroline still mo-
ved on, and cast its lurid light far and wia.^, clothing the
scene in gloom and horror; and just below the point of
Iris island, suddenly disappeared. Many of the wrecked
and charred remains were, the next morning, floating in
the current and eddies below the Falls.

In justice to both sides, it should be stated, that the
accounts of the difl'erent parties connected with the de-
struction of the Caroline, differ entirely from each other,

iw^'

fli

iSIsc*

I'ffii

170

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

Grunil Inland.

as to the character of <hc vessel, the resistance made by
the persons on board, the number killed, and in various
other particulars. These the author leaves to be settled
by the politicians of the two nations. The account which
he has adopted, is the one most strongly impressed upon
the American public.

OWANUNGA, OR GRAND ISLAND.

" Here, lofty trees, to ancient song unknown,
The noble sons of potent heat and floods,"

This island is twelve miles long, and between six and
seven wide. It lies mid-wny between the Falls and Lake
Erie, and contains seventeen thousand acres of land. It
is principally covered with large and valuable timber, and
the soil is rich and productive.

In 1816 and '17, a number of persons, from the United
States and Canada, went on this island. They marked
out the boundaries of their different possessions; elected
magistrates, and other officers, from among themselves;
and gave out that they were amenable to neither govern-
ment, but an independent community. After the ques-
tion of boundary was settled, the State of New- York
passed a law to drive them off; but that was not effected
till the severe measure was resorted to, of destroying their
houses, which was done by tie sheriff and posse of Erie
county.

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

171

Burnt Hhip Creek.

Grand ,riand was selected by Major N„.h, of New-
York, on which to build a city, and establish a colony of
Jews, w.th .he view of making it the Ararat or eating

hat thcr government would bo organized, and thenee the

awe would emanate which were again to bring together

he children of Wl, and re-establish them as a na^on of

the earth. The European Rabbi did not sane on the

scheme, and .t vanished as a day-dr,am of the learned

and worthy projector. «oniea

A company, from Boston, have since become the pro-
pnetors; and the great improvements they have mad^
evmce a noble spirit of enterprise. '

BUCK HORN ISLAND.
At the north-eastern point of Grand island, lies Buck-

hundred and fifty .eres. It was occupied first by David
Mudget a veteran otficer of the American Revolution

flS^rhrrrover"™"""' '"*' "-"^'-'-^^P-ion,

Burnt Ship Creek lies between Buek-Homand Grand

.sand In 1759, the French, in preference of their ^

lus place. The.r remains are yet observable, and con-
«derable iron has been obtained from them; and, not long

172

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

Fort Schlosser.

since, Borac timber, suflicicntly firm to work into walk-
ing canes.

Two miles from the Falls, and near the steamboat

landing, is Corner's island.

Tlirec miles further, and opposite Cayuga creek, is
Cayuga island.

Six miles further, and opposite Tonawanda, is Tona-
wanda island. Between that and Lake Eric, there are
several others, of greater or less magnitude.

The next object to which the attention of the traveller
is directed, is Porter's storehouse, or the steamboat land-
ing. It is the end of ship navigation, on the American
side of the Niagara, and is the proposed point for the
commencement of the great ship canal, around the Falls;
a work which the extensive and p»>pul()us countries on
the upper lakes are requiring, and will urge forward until
accomplished.
■ At this place, the pcrsorB going on the Navy island
expedition, embarked; and it ie there that the steamboat
Caroline lay, when she waa cut out.

Nearly a mile below the landing, are the remains ol
old Fort Schlosser. The name is derived from the Ger-
man, and means castle. It was anciently a stockade,
built upon banks slightly raised above the plain. From
the remains, it appears that there were two fortifications
contiguous to each other, and of similar construction.
In a historical memorandum and map, in 1755, before
the country was subdued by the British, it is marked
" Store House" only. The site is now a cultivated
field, and the grounds have been frequently ploughed
over.

JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.

173

Jaunt coiicJiKjfd,

Tl,c parly move on, and posa tho house whTiTiwia

Ahbou W.o,„o .in,e re«„K a„.l ,u,, „t „ pW„ X"

I enrlh 1,„, been exe«v«le,l. Here, several human

ke e,„„a have been dug up. How ,hey e«„,e there,""

iiintter of conjecture. '

The enclosure, which is aeon at the left, is a garden
vvhore ,n the aenson of llowerB and fruits, boquets and
fruits are kept for g«]o.

From every part of the upper end of the islnnd, a Hnc
View 18 presented of the village of Niagara Falls, and
intervening rnijjds. '

The residence of Judge PoKer is much admired. It
stands on rising ground overlooking the river and rapids.
The Judge is a gc>ntleman of much industry, and of dis-
lingiushed talent.. He and his brother, General Porter
purchased mn.iy years ago, of the Slate of New- York a
large tract of land around the Falls, of which they are
etill the princii)ul proprietors.

Gen. Whilney'. place is aleo seen advantageously from
the island. JJo wa. among the liist inhahilaiits, and has
proved himself a pioneer worthy of all praise. Enterpri
^ing in a most eminent degree, doing at all times all that
industry aiid his means could afford in making improve
ments around the Fall., and ori his own pi-emises, for the
accommodation of visitors -lirst putting ladders down
the bank, and then a stair-case; establishir.g a ferry and
in building bridges, platforms, and many other conveni-
enccs.

round the island is ended.

woiiKI
Niago
than
one, 1
bo fan
called
that p
and th

A JAUNT

TO THK

WHIRLPOOL, DEVIL'S HOLE,

TUSr\RORA INDIAN VIJ.LGE,

AND

l-'ORT NI AG All A.

THE WHIRLPOOL.

"AW. irrrMiIy tJioy rape!
TlK- hoarse and ra|)i(l \vliirlp(..i|'ri ilirrc 1 My |,rain
(irowH w il.l : my senses wander, as I .raz-
Tpou the Iiurrying wuter."

If the FoIl« of Ninjrara did not exist, the Whirlpool
would be the most diatiniruiyhcd curiosity aObrded by the
Njagam river ; and, in the estimation of many, greater
than any of present notoriety in our country. Every
one, brought up in or near the city of New York, mur*
be famdiar with the far-famed and much dreaded strait
called Hurl-Gate, formerly Ilell-Cxate. The horrors of
hat place are well know i to all youthful imaginations,
and the dread of the "frying-pan and pot" can hardl^

178

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

rr<MiiiiiiK>ry notice

be eradicnl'd by more mature obeervalion. But ptiRS
once from the East river to the wikl ami rnehing Whirl-
pool of Niagara, and the imaginary terrors of Hurl-
Gate will pass away : on your return, the strait will
appear placid, or only seem agitated as with a summer's
breeze.

Even the great Maelstrom Whirlpool, of Norway, is
not more dangerous tlian that of Niagara ; none have
passed the vortex of either, nor fathomed their depths.
For the satisfaction of those wlio visit Ihe Whirlpool of
Niagara, a short description of the Maelstrom is inserted
' in this work. It is from the pen of an American gentle-
man, who visited the place he describes. If travellers to
the American Whirlpool would wish to experience all the
sensations of danger and peril which come over those
who passed the disk of the Maelstrom, they have but
to launch a boat on the Niagara, and atltnipt an excur-
sion, for examining more closely the whirling waters.
In so doing, they will truly peril their lives, and feel
sensations of terror, to their hearta contc'-t ; or the
waves of Niagara will make buoyant their bodies, and
infuse courage, more than natural, in the hearts of those
who ride over them.

ifi, i

OLD PORTAGP] ROAD.

" Rent me, Oh bear me to scipicster'd sccncg,
The bow'ry mazes, ami surrounding greens."'

The party at the Falls having taken seats in the omni-
J3iie or havinf cnf'Qp'ed a barouche or carriage, are on

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL. I79

tind Pierce.

road w h ,h '^- "'" I" ""' ^"'"=""" "f "- Lowiaton
road with the Nragam Falls and SchlosBcr roads In

ZZ^ri '"' ™" ^-^ «■" Sroat ,h„™.,„„hfar; be"
tween the lower and upper lakes. When all the enr-
round,„g country was wild and solitary, unimproved
and u„.„h„bited exeept by the natives of IL fore "tW:

Pri. .. 1 ! ' °* greatly changed; the

Ene canal opened a new communieation, and the Wei-

Thl I "I /"' """"'"'' '''''™ E™ ^"d Ontario.
These works have drawn the business from the Portag^

road, and now, although the country through which It
passes . .^proved and productive, it .s far more lonely
tban it was m former days.

GAD PIERCE, ESQ.

" Who does the utmost that he can
Does well.-acts nobly ; angels conld no more."

At the junction ofthe Portage with the Niagara Falls
road, was, some years since, kept the public house of
Gad Pierce. He was, in the time of the war with Great
iintam, an active frontier partizan. When hostihties
commenced bet..en the two countries, there was ^Z

small number o^ tr^-r" -^i, a ^

li* "" American side of the

■I

u ■

180

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLrOOL.

.*. J

A cavalcailc — An altack.

river, and a single company only to garrison Fort Nia-
gara. It was expected, every night, that the fort would
be attacked by the British, who had a large body of men
at Fort George. Mr. Fierce, aware of this state of things,
one day raised all the inhabitants of the country, far and
near,— young and old. The country was then thinly
populated, and they assembled at Lewiston from several
miles distant. Horses of every kind were brought into
requie'tion, and when the citizens were mounted, they
appeared at a distance like a formidable troop of cavalry.
Among them, too, were several of the Tuscarora Indi-
ans, who entered with spirit into the manoeuvre. In the
place of swords, they used walking canes, sticks, and
ramrods. Several of the ramrods were of polished steel
or iron, which made a very bright and flashy appearance.
The cavalcade moved from Lewiston, along the river
road, in sight of the enemy, and entered Fort Niagara :
the blankets of the Indians lluttcring in the wind, and
the many-colored and various habiliments of the farmers ;
the limping and ovcr-straincd plough horse; the nibbling
gait and twitching head of the wild pony ; with now and
then a noble horse of the Pennsylvania breed ; formed,
to those who were near, a most ludicrous spectacle. In
the fort, they dismounted, and performed some slight
evolutions in the most laughable style. At the command
to mount, some of the Indians executed the order in
such a masterly manner, as to throw themselves entirely
over their ponies. To the British, the imposing appear-
ance of the troops, with their steel ramrods, which glit-
tered in the sun like broedswords, had the desired effect ;
the contemplated attack was not made.

JAUXT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

181

iNriiieral Spring.

^ At the time of tho general invasion of the frontier, Mr.
Pierce had hiB family conveyed to a place of security, but
would not himself quit his premises. He, and three or
four others, formed the little garrison, with which he
determined to defend his honee. They waited for the
approach of the enemy. At length, a company of British
regulars appeared in sight, and n fire was opened upon
them. They continued the defence for some time ; but,
as their opponents were numerous, it was impossible
to keep them at a distance. A part advanced upon the
front of the house, succeeded in breaking down the door,
and fired their pieces as they entered. The defenders
effected their escape in an opposite direction, without an
individual of their uumber being wounded. Whether
the attacking party suffered any loss, was not known.

i^ :. !

iMINERAL SPRING.

i>' nil.

Two m,les from the Falls, a small open building,
painted white, with Grecian columns, is j^ointed out by
the guide, as one of the works of Benjamin llathbun.
It stands between the road and the river, and is placed
over a mineral spring. The spring is sulphurous, and
the water, it is said, very much resembles that of Har-
rowgate, in England. In rheumatic and scrofulous and
many other diseases, it has been used to advantage, in

several cases: and it nnlu rnnii.r-^'^ .^-^ o— . ;^ ,

.} L ^.iij * '^ 4 '^^ ^'- o "c^;cBoaiy improvement;

182

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

Drscription ot'llir Wliirlpool,

hathfl, and other acconiinodnl ions, and it will Bt)()n ohtnin
celebrity and favor with the puhlic. Tiic situation, too,
is very pleawint, and a distant view of the Falls is obtained
from the road — the view which Capl. UmW ][m11 so much
admired, and which so vividly, he says, reninijied iixed
upon his mind. Afler all, 1o Knllihiin must he awarded
the credit of liavin<f a very sound judgment in making his
purchases, lie selected the most choice and valuable
situations ; and, had it not been for his unfortunate aber-
ration from Ihc path of rectitude, his high expectations,
as to value, would have been realized.
4

i <'

THE WHIRLPOOL.

" IiiiajriiiiUion, hanied, strives in vain !
The wildest 8lrciuns tliat ever poctH foifin,
Thou (lost transcend ! Tiicrc is no i)o\ver in song
To paint the wonders that around nie tlirong !"

This grand and beautiful scene is three miles from the
Falls of Niagara, and lour miles from the village of
Lewiston.

Sttmding on the right bank of the Niagara, two hun-
dred and fifty feet above the river, you behold at a dis-
tance the advancing waters ; not mild and gentle, but
agitated, rushing, and roaring, with deafening sound,
they hurry on. They come, in all their power ; majes-
tic, solitary, and alone. No vessel, or work of man's
formation, floats on the raging torrent : nothing of life

^AUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

Fr.'HriiiriiiH of Vcssols.

183

rules ovor the roMom wavon, or flcntn u„«calh.;l on
bn misLcrowned billovvH. TI.Ih mi.hfy ii„ocl is n,ore
ionoly nn.l n,y«tenonH tlmn tlu- solitary oronn. Man
}'»««"« Willi cornparafivc scrurily over tho vasty doep ■
>"t, on these vvalorH, livi,,., I,c n.oves not : he is power'
lcB«. Ihoy rn.:o, in th.ir solitudo, alone,- for ever •
'"" man ran only b.>hoid thorn with enrotions of awe'
J.n. reverence that Ahni.l.fy Pown- -who weighs the
nllH.n ahalnn<.e,ancl hold, the water, of the ocean in
tlie hollow ot ]n"s hand."

«till forward, in wave after wave, rushes the resist-
lo.s lood ; and all ,|,.t l!oa,H therein, i« podcd, dis-
H.en.hend and cr.^hrd. Jf an object in h.held, it is hut
/-r a monunt : Rwifdy it pa.srs the hollow of the crested
waves-risesann-dtho feathery nn'^t-and then, again,
in an inst r.t, i. ,:li„,,.d I.elow. It remains for some tin.e
mm>e,.,ed IVon, si^ht ; and, if i(, a.ain appear., it will
»>e Rtill more wrecked and hrokeii.

The river widens, opposite the spectator; and, on the
(nnada.Hle, a counter cnrront, equal to the main chan-
nel, rusher, up the Rtream. A lariie basin of warrin.. water
IS presented to the eye of th(. enraptured beholder. Ho
sees the great Niagara, pouring therein the accumulated
waters of a thousand rivers and lakes, and driving, with
irresistable inij)etiioHity, against the rocky shore of Cana-
•In; and the counter current, with equal power, passing
m an opposite direction. With absorbing interest, he
observes, between the contending currents, the deep en-
trnlh:,!; eddfes, and the yawning whirlpool. There ho
sees huge masses of timber, dismembered trees, the fracr-
ments of vessels and water craft, the wrecks of ail timt

If'

4:1

mimt

RMife !

I^^^H

I^^H fl

l^^l'

^B t

H 1

'^H

^■p

n^H ^

^■jjB

184

JATINT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

Now view.

bnH paBsed the Falls or lLi(3 calamctB ..l" the river nhc.vc.
They go roun.l, and round ; they gradually approach the
centre ; then they am drawn in, and are f^wallowed up
in the deep vorlex of the sln^ani. After a while, at a
distant point, they arc propelled upward, and again re-
new tueir circuit, and again arc drawn helow. Some-
times trees, and logs, are cjocled upwards with bo nmeh
violence, as to raise one end several feet perpendicularly
above the water. 01)i('ct8 drawn in the Whirlpool, have
been knowu to remain there for several weeks.

The wliole exijansc of water lies below the spectator ;
'his eye seems to take in the whole scene; and no open-
ing or outlet for this vast and constantly increasing Hood,
is observed Sometimes, travellers, who, in past years,
visited this place without a guide, returned disappointed.
They did not see the Whirlpool , but, mistaking a rapid
portwn of the Niagara, something similar in appearance,
n quarter of a mile above, their expectations of the mag-
nitude and interest of the scene, were not amswcrcd.
Others have seen the Whirlpool, but not all about it ;
not having turned the point, to feast their eyes upon the
fine and noble view of the retreating water, or not
having descended the bank, to the edge of the stream, as
it thunders along.

The traveller should pass a few paces to the north, and
at the turn of a point near the brink of the precipice, di-
rect his attention beneath. There he beholds, what at
first appears a small, dark and heavy stream ; like some
deep and narrow mountain torrent ; but unlike the great
Niagara, so much the object of admiration. For some
moments, the illusion is complete. The Whirlpool and

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

185

Hddiea luid Vorlicrs.

nhovc.
veil tho
wed up
le, at n
fQiii rc-

Somc-
o nmc'li
liciilnrly
ol, hnvc

relator ;
10 opcn-

l)g ll()0(]>
t yCQllB,

pointed,
a iPi)id
K^aiaiK'c,
[he ma<,'-
iiswcrctl.
hout it ;
npou tbe
or not
leuui, ae

)rth, and
ipice, di-
wbat at
ike some
tbe great
Por some
Ipool and

Its fonnnng eddies -its deep gulfs and encircling waves,
are all forgot ; and (he imagination in seized with rapture
and Burpriso, at this unexpected and newly discovered
scene. He advances— tbe reality is discovered: tbis is,
indeed, the Niagara, escaping, as it were, from its prison
house. The charm is not immediately dissolved ; the
great river is contracted to a very span ; the opposite
shore of Canada is within a stone's throw; and the deep
waters are literally poured out from the broad basin of
the Whirlpool.

When tbe waters are at their usual height, the vsitor
can, where the river disgorges from the Whirlpool, walk
out from the shelving bank, to the very verge of the pas-
sing torrent. He ca.i there, if his nerves are steady and
strong, dip his hands or bathe his feet in the deep, green,
impetuous Hood that rushes along ; but, to do so, he
must be firm, or, at beholding the advancing waters,
hearing their astounding roar, and glancing at the fluc-
tuant current, the head may become dizzy, and, like
other daring unforlunates, he may fall a victim to the
dark and troubled waters of Niagara. The more wary
traveller will retreat a few yards, and try his strength to
cast a stone to reach the opposite shore of Canada ; a feat
which has been done by the sinewy sons of the farmers
of Niagara.

The Whirlpool is a place combining many objects to
interest ; but, at times, the spectacle is not alike impo-
smg. When the water is at its usual height, or rather
lower, the eddies and vortices are the largest, and the
8cene then appears to the best advantage. After a storm,
when brideea have been rarrind r^ir ,r^oR„i„ -l,- , ,*

^11

:!:■'!

186

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

Hi ?

"Sow (lirii'ovcry.

bonts torn nway from their liiHtoning, and trees and loga
Bwcpt down from the upper hdic, then all Ihe terrors of
the place are prcHcnted, and it is only inferior to the ^reat
cataract of Niagara, The two scenes are alike the result
of the stupendous oongrrf!;ation of waters, which irre-
sistibly passes through the niounlain gorge, from Schlos-
eer to Lewiston ; but there is no similitude existing be-
tween Ihem.

Sometime since a raft of logs of more than seventy
pieces, belonging to Gen'l Whitney, broke loose above the
Falls and were carried over the cataract ; they lodged in
tlie Whirlpool where they remained careering round for
several weeks. The scene was then very interesting;
some were gliding over the smooth undulating water,
some were dancing and bounding on the waves, while
others were springing on and driven forth from the deep.
They were in all positions, striking and crushing each
other, leaping and moving round in a commingling war of
elemental commotion.

A visitor in the month of September 1840, while in-
tensely admiring and studying this scene of beauty and
wonder from the American side waa lead to the impression,
that any thing thrt)wn into the river at a particular point,
would not be taken down the stream, strong as the current
swelled itself along, but would be carried to the other
side. The next day the experiment was made, and a
most interesting feature of the Whirlpool discovered;
showing more clearly than had yet been known, the very
singular action of the water. Several pieces of timber
were set adrift, one after another ; they first floated up
the stream, then full into the main channel, in which they

JAUNT TO THE VVHIRLroOL.

tSuspension Mri(Jge.

187

rf :,

moved rap.dly towards the Canada shore, to which they
approached within a few ro.ls : then wheeling they ,assed
up the stream entered the Whirlpools where they renmin-
ed driving round during the day.

A short time after a tight barrel was taken to this point-

a quantity of gravel was put in for ballast, to cause it to

float on end ; a slender staff with a ting attached to it was

secured to the other end, and thus prepared it was launched

mto the river. It took the same course, passed to the

Canada shore, entered (he Whirlpool ; where after many

hours It was left, still moving and dancing round. This

simple, yet beautiful experiment more than any thing vet

Witnessed, shows the very extraordinary movements of

his flood of water. This experiment can only be made

trom the American side.

It «how8 almost conclusively that nothing passes floating
from the Whirlpool, but such things as enter it from the
rn-er above, continue therein, until swallowed up in the
Whirlpools, they are carried ofl' in the depths of the cur-
rent.

At the outlet of the Whirlpool, the banks of the Nia
gare river approach each other nearer than at any other
point ; and it a suspension bridge should ever be erected
over the Niagara, nature seems to have designated this
Bpot as being the most suitable, as it is here the most

practicable.

" There is a beautiful, undying charm
In God's created work.. The whispering wind, and waves,
1 he mountain brook, ihe creeping grass, /lowers,

Quivering leaves, even to Jhc lowliest things,
Do lisp their Maker's praise."

Illi!

188

JAUNT TO THE WHlULrOOL.

J-

Tlic i)r(»s|ifcl.

llnviii^nrrived nt the Lodge the charge for entering
upon the grounds is puid at the gnte. It has been custom-
ary to drive to the hnidv with n cnrrifige, and the carriage
is left in waiting. This course is not recommended ; the
expense is enchanccd, the visitors are hurried to return by
the hackman, and have not time to look around. As
there arc now accomodations on the ground for visitors,
and ample conveyances by omnibuses and hacks for their
return at all hours, it is better to stop at the bridge on the
road und walk out. The distance is short and the walk
I will form a pleasant one after the ride. Before coming in

sight of the river, the road enters a bowery of forest trees,
the close and luxuriant foliage of which forms a cool and
sombrous shade, very refreshing in the prevailing heats of

summer.

As the party advances towards a summer-house near
the bank of the river, proceeded by the guide, one of the
pnrty inquires — " Where is the Whirlpool 1"

Guide.— "This is the place. From this point, you
perceive the waters api)roaching, with great velocity.
They pass before us, towards the shore of Canada ;
then they devidc, part passes off to the right, but a large
portion is propelled back, forming the counter current ;
between thai and the main channel, arc the eddies and
the Whirlpool. By looking through this prospect-glass,
you will distinguish more plainly the logs and timber ;
which, from the distance wc arc from them, to the naked
eye appear quite small. With this, you will also per-
ceive the magnitude of the vortex around which they are
carried. To view the Whirlpool advantageously, c glass
fiVinnlrl alwavs bo used."

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOr.

189

Tlin oullRf.

ntering
;u8tom-
^arriagc
id ; the
turn by
id. As
vieilors,
iT their
on the
he walk
ning in
st trees,
;ool and
heats of

ise near
\c of the

int, you
velocity.
Canada ;
t a large
current ;
dies and

3Ct-gla88,

timber ;
he naked
also per-

thcy are
Yj e glass

After contemplating the prcmpeet fl.r some time, with
much aatiefaction, in.iuiry is made, '' What course docs
the nver take, from this ?"

The guide lend. ll»o way, saying, - We will advance a
short distance. Now look below."

Traveller.-'' Snint Mary ! what a scene ia this !"
One of the ladies.-" IJow beautiful and clear, and
yet how powerful and rapid ! With what coiumotion it
bounds away I la this a branch of the Niagara ?

Guide.-'' Still move a few steps closer to the bank,
and you will perceive that the stream below is truly the
Niagara. Its sudden turn, the contraction of the chan-
nel the high and approaching banks, and the dark and
swelling water of the outlet, strikes every one with sen-
sations of admiration."

Traveller.-" Tastolcsg to the marvellous and surpri-
s.ng beauties of nature would he be, who can behold
these, her noble works, without emotion."

" Nature here
Wantons in her prime, and plays at will
Her vifgui fancies."

Guide.-" These are the points spoken of, as beinrr
practicable to connect together by a suspension brid J
Though the inhabitants of Lewidon and Queenston ha've
companies incorporated for that purpose, and ser.ously
contemplate to build a bridge ^ , . their villacrcs, yet
the distance across the river, at I. - iston, is muHi fur-
ther than here."

As nearly all the travellers, that visit the Whirb.ool
descend the bank, and consider thcraBelves wellpa-^ {br
Jhe trouble, the party conclude to go down.

190

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

StniiP thrown to t'aiiadu.

The guide lends the way, imd with eorno labor aud
exertion, thovi^'h not more than is healthy exercise, they
dcBcenu. lie conducls tlicni to the Smooth Rock, against
which dnshcB the powerl'iil nnd resifitless current.

"Here." ho observes, **a youns,' man by the name
of Snnniel Whitner, of this township, threw a jtone that
Btruck the (-nnndn Bhorc."

Several of the party, being disposed to try their skill
and strength, make the same attempt. Whether they
Bueceod or not, has not been reported.

Traveller. — " I think I have seen it mentioned in some
pul)lic'ation, that there is a cave near the Whirlpool. If
worthy of notice, we will visit it."

The guide acknowledges that he is ignorant of its loca-
tion; that he knew but one person who had visited it, and
his account was very vague an 1 unsatisfactory; stating
that he entered but a short distance; that it was very
dark, and that he did not like to go in alone. The same
person also said, that he observed, near the cave, many
valuable mineral specimens; and, that spot not having
been visited by travellers, he thought more minerals might
be picked up, than at any other place. The cave, he
said, was about thi:'./ rods up the river from the path that
descends the bank. The .>uide exi'f? ues a desire to lead
the party in that direction, and explore it out; but, the
route appearing very ditFicult, the offer is declined.

The almost impenetrability of the trees and bushes,
the rocks hanging dangerously above, and the necessity
of climbing and again descending many steep and forbid-
ding passes, have, as yet, prevented a full exploration of
this place; but it will be different for the future. The

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
Iniproveineiiis \ito\iOHin\.

191

doHcent down the bank will I,, mmle convenient, the whole

v.cimty will be exan.ine.l, nn.i many obstacles will be re-

moved Ihot impede (hu rnn.biee of visitors around IhiH

«pot; and without elFecting the wild ronmntic aspect of

• '<' l''«''^', '"nke every p(,int aeee.«iblc that visiters may

desire fo view. Heretofore no person ha.s re.id.'d near

the Whirlpool, and there was no ncconunodalion or pro-

v.H.on for the condort of travellers. It will now be made

n.ore agreeable for a protracted stay to those who desire
to tarry.

One of the parly expresses some surprise, that this
water power has not been brought into use; - :he rapids,
though laiger, are similar to those above the Falls, and
they may be controlled in the same wuy."

Guide -.'^ The hill, or high bank appears to be the
o:ily obfctaele."

Traveller.-- That, now, is of but little consequence,
ns power may be u.ed at almost any distance, by n^enn^
t^l^ ' " "'' coniined and conveyed in cast

Some of the party seek for new and strange plants,
foi .his place, dec Iris island, produces many varieties,
not readily found in other parts of the country.

" And midst the cra-jry piles andlmuldcrs, here
Wild plant.s and trees, with vcrdam tops, uppear •
1 ncommon herl.s, pe<-iili:ir to the place
Peep throu'^h the fissures, and the prospect grace.
Here the sa^'e hotanist delights to stay,
And in deep study wiJe the time awny."

Having spent some time below the bank, in ramblin.
over the mcks, and engraving .heir .amea npon the rocks

192

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

Return to tlie upper bank.

or trees, they retrace their steps. Arriving at the top of
the hill, they proceed along the upper bank for a quarter
of a mile or more. Here are presented some ih Ae views
of the formidable river, driving furiously along.

*' Thou sec3t not all: but piece-meal thou must brenk
To separate contemplation, the great whole ;
And, as the ocean many bays will make,
That ask the eye, so, here, condense thy soul
To more inmiediate objqcls, and control
Thy thouf;hts, until thy mind hath got by heart,
Its eloquent proportions, and unroll
Its mighty graduations, part by part.
The glory which, at once upon Ihee did not dart."

No scenes more enlarge themselves on the mind, the
more thoy are vie'- 'ed, than those around the Whirlpool.
Who casts but a furtive glance and then hastens away,
enjoys but little, and drinks not of the cup of inspiration
which nature here presents in nil her greatness and sub-
limity. To those who live not distant, who love the pure
air and delight in the wild woods, the brown and broken
rocks, deep caverns, and roaring floods, re-visit this spot
again and again with renewed pleasure. Many from afar,
who have cast but a slight and hasty glance, and turned
unsatisfied away, have afterwards regretted their apathy,
and have longed to retrace their steps and to review the

scene.

The following inscription, without date, was lately

found at that place:

" Flow on in the garment of spray
Which God hath given thee.
And fill all other souls, as thou hast mine.
With wonder and praise."

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

193

Maoisiroin, of iN'orway,

Having traversed the shore till wearied with the walk,
they return to the siin.nier-house, where they seat and
rest themselves. While enjoying the cool retreat, and
the beauty of the prospect, the conversation is still on
the scene before them. O

enquires — '< Do you not
suppose it possible to cro.e the river, here, in safety ?"
The guide replies-'' No one has ever thought it pos-
sible; though a life boat has been spoken of, and, if ob-
tained, there is n person at the Falls, bv the name of
Joel R. Robinson, a mont skilful waterman, who would
not hesitate to attempt it."*

To which, another gentleman adds— '< With such a
boat, no doubt, it might be accomplished. While look-
ing at the Whirlpool, of Niagara river, my thoughts have
been drawn to the Maelstrom, of Norway ; contrasting
the two together, to discover if there is any resemblance
between them; but I find none."

An American gentleman, who sailed along the edge of
the Maelstrom, says: " The waves foamed around us in
every form. The sensations I experienced, are difficult
to describe. Imagine to yourself an immense circle, mo-
ving round, of a diauiefer of one and a half miles, the
velocity increasing as it approximates towards the centre,
and gradually changing its dark blue color to white —
foaming, tumbling, rushing to the vortex — very much
concave, as much so as the water in a tunnel when half
run out; the noise, too, hineing, roaring, dashing — all
pressing on the mind at once — presented the most "awful,

*This- wfis puhlisli-,1 of Rol)inson two inonth=i l.pfore liis rescue
of Ch;ipin from the island.

194

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

I' I

I,!

It?

If.- r

Slirnhs and I'lants.

grnnd, and solemn sight I ever beheld. It is evidently n
subterranean puBBP.gc. From its magnitude, I should not
doubt, but that inetant destruction would be the fate of
a dozen of our largest ships, if they were drawn in the
same inomcnt."

As to the foaming, tumbling, dashing, and roaring, our
eyes and ears must witness that the scene before us can-
not be surpL'Sried; but the great peculiarity of the Mael-
strom, the tunncl-likc appearance, is not found here.

Traveller. — " If the improvenienta were made, of
which the place is susceptible, it would make a beautiful
■ country retreat. The ground8, west of the road, 1 would
enclose as a jxirk; the forest part should be cleared of the
imder-growlh, leaving here and there, dense as it now
is, a clump of indigcnious shrubs and plants, as impervious
as nature has reared them. The whole should be inter-
sected with roads and walks; steps, also, to descend the
bank; a bathing and fishing house; a life-boat on the
river; and a suspension bridge, from bank to bank. The
water power should be brought into use, in carrying on
mills and manufactories; and my cottage should be in the
midst of the active and rural scene."

Guide. — **To which could be added a view of the
Falls, at a distance, if the woods on yon i)(>int of land at
the south, in Canada, were cut down. This place was
one of the favorite purchases of Ilalhbun, and on which
he very justly placed a high value. It was he who erected
the summer-house, and it was his design to carry into
effect many of the improvements which you have just
mentioned.

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

Benjamin ilutlibun.

195

HENJAMIX RATHBUN.

" f?ny, why we strive a lustroua name to pain
Ami Jivc in t-une, for vain ambition's sake?"

A8 there is, at almost every important point in this
Vicmity Bome work remaining of the taste and enter-
pn8e of this individual, and so many inquiries are made
relative to hin., it is proper to give to the public such no-
ticcs as have come to the knowledge of the author. Per-
.^apsno more strong delusion ever cnme over the public
nimd, as to any man, than prevailed in reference to
Katfabim.

In 1816 he kept a public house at Sherburne, in the
State of New- York. Near his tavern, he had a -tore of
goods: he also issued notes, as a private banker. His
store was fitted up in a superior style, and the interior
of his public house was really a model, and the admira-
tion of travellers. It was much in advance, in appearance
and in general accommodations, over the other public
houses of the country.

He soon after failed; and, much reduced, he sought for
employment in another part of the country. It is stated
that the relations of Mrs. Ralhbun proposed that she
should return to them, her hu.band being alike bankrupt
in property and character ; but she declined the offer,
preferring to share adversity as well as prosperity ^viih
the man of h.r choice. He first came to Niagara Falls,
and proposed to get a public house built for his occupation

196

JAUNT TO THE WHIRM'OOL.

KiUhbim — ii»reer hngun.

there; but, relinquiehinff Hint U\m, he succeeded in ob-
taining charge of the Kaglo Tavern, nt Bullalo. Under
his mnnngemcnt, the rcpulalion of that bouse was soon
roised from a very low state, to one of the highest char-
acter. He enlarged Ibe buildings, and erected adjoining
ones. Every thing he did wna in good style. As a land-
lord, he became ominciit ; all tbat called on him, were
pleased, and commended him to otbcrp. Ilia bar was
eaid to be slocked wilh the choicest wines ; his table was
abundant ; his beds, the best evidence of a well kept
house, every thing the weary traveller could desire ; and
his servants were the most attentive and obliging. It
was, in those dayn, a luxury to be a guest at the Eagle
Tavern. The citiz.ens of BuiValo were proud of such a
public-house, and such a landlord , and well they might:
he was a credit to the calling in which he was enga-
ged, and an honor to the place.

While his hotel was so well conducted, many were
his guests that came and went away, without seeing the
landlord, to know him ; yet were delighted with his
house. He moved through it quietly and unobtrusively,
directing about every thing, vm\ seeing to the comfort
and acconnnodation of his company, without their no-
tice.

To Benjamin Rathbun, more than any other man, the
public, in every portion of the United States, arc mainly
indebted, for raising the standing and character of Ameri-
can public-houses to their present splendid condition.

In 18:11, he was employed to build the banking-house
of the United States Branch Bnnk, at Buffalo. He had
been rapidly gaining in chnraciur and credit ; and he

1 in ob-
Uiuler
vm soon
!Bt chnr-
idjoinin^
a a Innd-
m, were
bar wna
able was
i^ell kept
ire ; and
^ing. It
le Eagle
if such a
!y might:

'08 engii-

iny were
}eing the
with his
trueively,
} comfort
their no-
man, the
re mainly
of Ameri-
ition.
ing-houso
He had
; and he

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

197

ip^

Jtatlihun — licivy npcratiorifi

now fairly commenced on the extraordinary career which
he altcrwnrds run. Having correct ideas, as to build-
ings and improvements, he met with ready encourare-
inent from an enterprising people. First, he erected
houses, for others, on contract; then he gradually com-
menced to buy lands, and build for hiinself. As he mado
improvements upon the l.md.s, he j.urchnsed, every new
acqmsition, assoonasitwn^known to be in his hands
rose in value, and carried up nil the proi,erty in the
neighborhood. Hence arose the great Butlalo spe'>ula.
tions, which crazed the head of every body. He was
extolled for his superior discernment and capability for
business. It was said, " Hi« affairs went like clock-
work." "He has a most perfect system." ''He
knows the value of property better than any man in Buf-
lalo." Whene/er be fixed his eye favorably upon any
spot, speclulators were alive to overbid him, and obtain
the bargain. The inhabitants of the surrounding, and
even distant villages, courted his acquaintance, and so-
hcited him to make purchases among them ; for the
fact of his making a purchase in any place, was at once
the cause of property advancing to double and treble its
former value. At length, he was called 'Uhe mighty
operator," ''the Girard of the West"; and, it was
added, ''Buffalo will erect a statue to his memory."
'' He has laid his hands on the most valuable property
in the city and country." " He is worth more than two
imlhons of dollars." 8omc few had apprehensions that
his condition would not turn out so well, and hinted
that, after all, he might fail. " No, he won't fail "
Would hfi Ihe r'^n'u " tk! -^ Ur. u u i - '

-JO r.p4, aiia u hQ Khouldj ihe people of

198

JAUNT TO THK WHIRLPOOL.

¥4Ul

Rill hburi — his character.

Buffalo will suBtain liini." Tbc wifiost and Boundest
men in Ihc comnmnity Pnnk benontb him in the public
estimation; and cvun sucb, eecmcd to bave parted with
their wits, as they fell in his train, lauded his talents,
favored his magnificent undertakinga, and certified as to
his success. He was flooded with the oilers of property,
of bnrgains, and of plans and enterprises. No important
work could go forward without his aid, as one of the
proprietors, or managers, llis name was considered as a
sanction — the guarantee of successful operation. The
multiplicity of his business became such, that those who
called on him could have but so much of his time; and
the highest in society thought it no disparagement to run
round the city after him, and then wait their turn to ad-
dress him. Now it was said, " lie cnn. do any thing."
** He hath the power of a sultan."

During his whole career, he lived in good, but not
ostentatious style. Sometimes n party would be got up,
ofthe fashionables to go to the Fulls; in that case, there
would be a little more bhow. The carriage, or sleigh,
that carried his family, would be the richest, the harness
the most elegant, and the horses the most noble; his
whole equipage outshining all the rest. And why should
it not have been so ? All others sunk themselves to
pigmies by his side; oil eyes sought for him; '* he was
the admired of all." He was the theme of every body's
conversation. Phrenologists discovered an extraordinary
contour in the formation of his head, and developments
of capacity far exceeding any they had ever noticed in
other subjects.

Oil the day of the jircat m\c of lots, at Niagara Ftillh

soundest
e public
ed with
talents,
cd OB to
:)ropcrty,
nportant
le of the
ered as a
n. The
lose who
ime; and
it to run
rn to ad-
^ thing."

but not
i got up,
ise, there
)r sleigh,
) harness
loble; hia
ay should
iselves to
'* ho was
ry body's
aordinary
}lopment8
loticed in

ara Fallo

'-'?

^ AUNTjro^HK WHIRLPOOL. I99

ItatJibun — Iiis t'ttil. ~ ' '

""'' :'"■" ' « -'■'"« «'-y "f W« fraud, he know wout;
-n ho p„., .hod to ,he ,v„rM; when the b.,r.hl. „
i.»ve preyed „po„ his ,„i,„l l,k„ „„„„, ,„„,. " "";;'

nmn, „f n„,eh knowledge of ,„„„ki„d, to who,,, lilZZ
was unknown, desired to have hin, po.nted out and
. .•rsee„,g „nd ohservin« hin, for son,e ti,ne, he'aid-
How ,„.,eh ,„ore aetive and able R„,hh.„, ^,,Jt„
~ -' ""■nl'"'"ng Ihe name of ,„,„ „f ,,,„ ^■

and „,ost act,ve ,nen in the country. Su,h ,„, ,^0 deT„
»,onlhatprev„,ledw,than, „s to the es,i,„„tio„ of r1
'"" ' •='''"'"^'" "'"' ■""li'y- None felt hi,nself den,eaned
l.yaw„rdn,« to him superior an.l exeelling powers I,
not wonderful, that in beholdin-. ihe .e,rer!l f .' ,
he too, should bcome beside bU^^l ""'" '"*"""'""■'

" tJr,-,-,l « ii, are, surr, ,„ ,r„„|„c,s „,,,„ ,„|,^,,
A„u ,l,i„_,,ar(i,io„3 Jo ll.cir bouu.la ,livije."'

His own sohe,nes of a„,biti„„ were boundless, and be
«"des, he had the visionary views of olber« hi 7
ain,. and he heca„,e the broL, eolXit.^lr
«1 .he spceulating mania of that time. He was f ttl .'
."'o an opinion of the perfectness of his judgment
"»de to believe that he was worth mill,C„s s" ilM ""
'" W-. of the means to earry into effl" „lf h ' ,:;:
v.«.c,ns, or yet there remaine.l to be secured som^f. 7

rtTitir

Nothmg can be said in j„s„fiealion of sueh conduct ,

gym

III

it"

'*MiHtottf^>

200

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

Uailrottds, mills, factorips, &c.

yet, it is charitable to believe, thnt it was his intention
to cancel every liability. As he daily had brought to his
notice, the immense value of hie estate, doubtless he
vainly supposed he could, at any hour, sweep away every
vestige of fraud. But the volcano, on which he reposed,
burst forth, and plunged him into irretrievable ruin; leav-
ing his buildings, his improvements, and all his valuable
acquisitions, to be sacrificed, and to become the property

of others.

Rathbun committed no frauds to lavish the avails m
. debauchery, or in criminal pursuits of any kind. Very
' industrious ; regular in his habits, and attached to his
family, he lived quietly in his own domestic circle; devo-
tedly beloved by his wife, a very amiable woman, and
esteemed by all his acquaintance. He was just in his
dealing with those who labored for him, settling with
them, and paying them with great regularity. A course
80 honrst and commendable, made him very popular with
his workmen.. His great aim appears to have been to
give celebrity to the name of Benjamin Rathbun.. and that
he sought to do, by the erection of fire-proof stores, spa-
cious dwelling houses, noble hotels, and magnificent ex-
changes, and to beautify and adorn the country by useful
and elegant improvements. The building of railroads,
mills, factories, and steamboats, all were among his opera-
tions, or entered into his plans. For accomplishing objects
like these, his offence was committed, and not for any
criminal purposes. He erred greatly, in not at once ac-
knowledging the charges against him, and in not throwing
himself upon the mercy of the court, and commisse.ation
of the commuiiity. Such boundless ambition, however
directed, can never be approved.

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

201

tcnlion
to his
less he
y every
epoeed,
i; leav-
raluable
)roperty

ivails in
. Very
d to hia
e; devo-
inn, and
)t in his
ing with
h. coursG
iilar with
been to
and that
ores, spa-
icent ex-
by useful
railroads,
ilia opera-
ng objects
)t for any
t once ac-
t throwing
tiiBse^atiou
Vinwever

Devil's Hole.

The enda of juetiee have now been answered: he may
again be an useful man. Let hia friends osk for the ro-
mission of the further penalty of the law. Let them do
more: let them, at some suitable place, build a public
house, equal, if nut surpassing any in the United States,
and make Rathbnn tlic landlord. Such an act would be
kindness to him,- would confer a favor upon those who
travel, and the proprietors would soon find their stock
profitable.

Returning to the Lodge at the road side, the party take
their seats in their own, or in one of the regular carnages.

BATTLE OF THE DEVIl's HOLE.

" Once this soft turf, the riv'Iet's sands,
Were trampled by a hurrying crowd ;
And fiery hearts, find armed hands,
Encountered in the battle cloud."

A mile from the Whirlpool, the road rnns within a few
feet of the river's bank, where a deep and gloomy chasm
is rent or worn out of the rock. This is called the Devil's
Hole, and the small stream which crosses the road and
falls in the chasm, is the Bloody Run.

In 1759, while the war was yet raging between Eng-
land and France, a detachment of one himdred British
regulars were conveying a large supply of provisions, beef
cattle, and munitions of war, to Fort Schlosser. Indians
were employed by both parties. Those in the interest of the

.l«Hlii

.*. f*

■ ^^^t^^fitlgg^lj^.

I ' ■!,

ii'l

202

JATTNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

Th(* iiiiibuHnwlc.

French, hnd beon 'ir eome dnys hovering? about Ibc T5ril-
ish camp, and when the convoy set out, they were on the
nlert. At this place, they formed their anibuscado, and
never was there a spot more favoral)le for such a manoeu-
vre. The road passed down a small hill, and continued
on a level for about a hundrcl rods, when it again rose
on hifjher ground. The northern portion of the road is
now slightly varied. The ascents were united by an do-
vated ridge of level land, which was covered wilh wood,
and commanded the road for the whole distance. On
the right of the advancing party was the high bank of
the Niagara river, and on the left the ridge, and at
each extremity the two small hills. The party, unsiiR-
pecting any attack, moved forward on the .. "d; when the
front of the detachment reached the end of the ravine,
the Indian fiistes were opened upon them with deadly
rim; then followed the dread war-whoop, as if a thousand
wolves were howli.ig and yelling around them. Indeed,
their assailants were more fierce and ferocious than the
wild beasts of the forest.

♦' Pale terror innrcli'd nmid tlic yielding baivl,
Chiird every heart, unncrv'd each iron hun(il."

Many of the soldiers were killed at the first discharge,
and the others were thrown into hopeless confusion. The
Indians fell like tigers upon the drivers, tomahawked
them in their seats, and threw them under foot. The
waggons were backed ofT the precipice, and men and
cattle fell with the loading in one dismembered and mu-
tilated mass. Some threw themselves from the bank,
and full mangled and dying on the rocks; others lodged

JAITNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

203

]c Tlrit-
) on tbo
ulo, and
nnnoeu-
mliniied
nin roHC
1 road is
y nn elr-
h wood,
re. On

bank ot
, and at
•, iinsiiR-
,hcn tho
} ravine,
h deadly
Ibousand

Indeed,
than the

lischarge,
:>n. The
mhawkcd
.of. The
men and
and mu-
he bank,
srs lodged

Four persons rsrapo.

in the branches of the trees, where they remained, disa-
bled, unlil the affray was over, when the savage- at their
leisure despatebod thcni. The horror of the e.ene can
be but faintly imarined. The quiek report of the fmec.,
the yells of the Indians, the bellowing of the cat,'- ^o
shneks of the wounded and dying, mingled with the mo-
notonous roar of the mngos of the Niagara, which rose
from below ns in mockery of the follv, the strife, and
dying groan« of men. The brook that courses over the
bank, ran red wifj, the blood of the .lain. A person, by
the name of Stedman, escaped bv cutting the bridle of
his horse, which an Indian had seized. The horse fled
with him up tho small stream, and came again to the
Niagara river, at the mouth of a creek now called Gill
creek. The heirs, or representatives of this man have
since set up a pretended title to the tract of land which
he encompassed in his retreat, bounding west on the Nia-
gara river, and say that the Indians gave him the land,
as ''a medicine," for his loss at the Devil's Hole No
deed or confirmation of title being produced to our courts,
the claim was not admitted.

Sledman's brother threw himself down the bunk and
was fortunately, without injury, caught in thetop'of a
pine tree; thence, he descended to the water's edge, and
by swmiming in some places, and scrambling through
brakes and over rocks in others, he succeeded m reaching
the landing now Lewiston. Two other persons, only,
inn e good their e.cape: all of the others were destroyed,
tntil of late years, pieces of the waggons, and other evi-
dences of this bloody discomfiture, existed; but they have
now entirely mouldered away.
17*

'» !l''li?llMll

4 *" I

ateawiiHitri.mni

l^''

204

JAl'NT TO TIIF wimn.rofM-.
'I'lii- Indian \ illauc.

At Colt'R tavern, four niilcfl frnni tb(> Fnlls, n rond
RtrikoH oir to the oast, wliirli h.ndri to tl.»(* liidiuii villnjio.
As the IrnvollcrH turn lo the riglil, the ^niidc pointa to
the next rising gro\ind in Ripht, on the Jjcwiston rond,
and ohservcH — "there rosidcd un honewt. old Dutch far-
mer, hy the name of March. When the Uriti^hand Iii-
dinns made their (hMtructive incurHioti on tlie front i<T,
infornmtion did not reach him in season to mt.kc hi.^
rbcai)e. Whih; he was harnoa«ini( his hor^e.-, a party ol
Indians rushed upon him, and miirdcred him (>n the
iBpol. Whih< the hloody (hn'd was goin« on, in front oi
the houHe, the family ellccted thiiir ewcape to the woods.
A scouting party of Americans, Fomc days afterwards,
paP'^ing that way, foimd hirf own hogs eating his hody.
Such are ihe ahhorrent EwJnes which war prcK(>ntR.

TUSCARORA INDIANS.

•' Tliat diff, nictliinUp, the T)iflinn cry
IVals fronj its siiiimiit, shrill ami hi;,'h."

They are n part of the trihe of Tuscaroras, formerly
inhabiting North Carolina. They came to this country
about the year 171*2, and joined the live nations. The
whole formed the warlike confederacy called the Six Nn-
lions. They live on a tract of land ceded to them by the
Senecas, of one by three miles, and also four thousand
lUree hundred and twenty-eight acres deeded to them by

n roiid
villnjj[C.
lointH !»•
m rond,
ilcli flll-
and Iii-
tVoiilicf,

\)tn\y (il
on llic
Inmt i<\

i woods.

oivvard.^,

Urt hndy.

formerly
8 country
)ne. The
) Six Nn-
ixn by the

thousand
> them l>y

JAI^NT TO TifK vvirnu.pooL.

205

<l«n ILdlnnd ]juh\ ('on.pnpy. Tho UnKod Slntrs, in
1HM7, purchnscd out lluir infrroflt, nnd tlioy nre to |,o re-
niov. d to (he wrHl. Tlu.y nun.l.rr om!v, nl (hin li.nr,
two hundred nnd ni.dity.tiir..c in(hvi,lunI.^ Tli.ir present
Vynu-n,n\ chic.f is Thoino^ Chow, the con of nn Kn-dinh-
in.'iti. "

Our i)nr(y havinfr nrrivod nt the villnirp, Jook info f|,o
wi-wnnis; make mcU oh^orvationH, and lako «uch notoH
<>' tlin ,Mi«toni8 an<I niannern of the inhahilnnle, as n Mmrt
nnd hn.!y vinil alll.rd.; purchase gome artick>« of Indian
inaiiufacture: or, perhn].p, seek an introduction to th'> ve-
r.end.Io chi.f Sa'-aris.a, who was n connnisRionod olhcer
HI the American a my, in the revohitionarv war. If it
he Su.id.My, the travellers attend the place of i.ul.lic wor-
ship, where, bcHides the interest aflorded by the sermon
of the nuBHionary, they will hear it translated to the na-
tives, in their peculiar frutlural Inn-ruage ; and also hear
HHisin-, of the n.ost superior order. The Indians are,
.iusdy, much extolled for their line voices. They are
very fond both of vocal and instrumental nnisic.

Anion- their distinguished men, there was* one, some
time f-mce, by the name of

LITTLE CHIEF.

Immediately after the declaration of war by our -ov-
ernment, in 1812, about a dozen of the sachems !and
principal men of (he village, with much formality, called
'-n the commanding oiHcer at Fort Niagara. The o/lh-ers

I. I

'Ml

206

JAU^T TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

Indian JSpcech.

of tlic fort assembled at the commnndnnl's quarters, and
being seated, Little Chief thus expressed himiself, thro'
John Mountplcaoant, a noble Indinn:

<' He 6ny,v," spoke the interpreter, "that Captain
Bruff waa the first American that took possession of this
fort. He received it peaceably from the hands of the
British. He and his troops resided here in peace; tk^c
was no war, no trouble. He went away: he left the fort
strong ns he got it. He did well."

"He says,"— "Next came Major Rcvardi, and still

' there was peace. These fortifications remained firm and

strong: there were no enemies to approach them. He

went away: he left all things as he found them. He did

well."

"He suys,"— "Then came Captain Wiley: yet there
was peace. Friends passed from one side of the river to
the other: the warriors rested on their arms in security,
and there were none to call them to battle. He went
away. He, too, left the fort strong. He did well."

"He says,"— " After him, came Major Porter : yet
there was peace. He also went away. He left all things
as he found them. He did well."

"He says,"— " These all did well, You came next.
You found the fort strong. You have been here in peace.
You, too, have done well. Now, war has come. This
fort is of great importance to the United States. Those
that came before you, did well in peace. You must do
well in war."

" He says,"—" We have come to tell you, that we are
the friends of the United States: we are as one people.
We wish to offer our services to you: our warriors will

JATTNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

007

An Indian Advenuire.

'_ come.

<Io nil Ihey can : they bold Ihomselvos rcndy to li.rht
for thifl country. When you need xib, cnll, and wc will

The roinmanding ofTiccr mndo a suitable reply, slating
that if their services should be required for defensive
purposes, the government of the United States would
inform them. After Great Britain had set the example
of employing Indians, the Tuscnroras were called upon,
and no Americana behaved better than they did, during
Ihe remainder of the war.

The travellers leave the village, and descend the moun-
tain towards Lcwi^ton.

AN INDIAN ADVENTURE.

"In voice, mien, gesture, savage na'.ure spoke."

Just below the mountain, and to the right of the road
which descends from the Tuscarora village, lives Mr.
Sparrow Sage. He had, on the ]9th of December, 1813,
m the distressing invasion of this frontier, been driven
from his home. For the purpose of securing his harvest,
lie, the summer after, returned with his wife, to their
exposed and solitary dwelling. One day, when he was
at work at some distance in the fields, an Indian, attached
to the British cause, entered the house. He demanded
something to eat, speaking in broken English. Mrs. S.
was entirely alone, and immediately obeyed his bidding,

!■;■. i.

I-

208

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

An abduclion — The rescue.

being in hopes that he would, after eating, go away.
After he had finished his repast, he told her that he lived
nt Grand River, in Canada, and that he had come after
her to go with hini, and she must be his squaw. She
replied to him, that could not be, for she had a husband.
"No, no," he angrily said, ''You very pretty— you
must be my squaw — you shall go." In vain she told
him that her husband and others were near by; that he
had better go away, or he might get killed. The Indian
then took down Mr. S's gun, and finding it not loaded,
put it up agaii.. Afterwards he ransacked the house,
commanding Mrs. S. not to leave his sight, am' keeping
hi3 eye upon her. He firrst appropriated to himself all
that he could carry; then, seizing her forcibly by the arm,
dragged her out of the back door, and thence towards the
woods, in the direction of Fort Niagara, then in the oc-
cupation of the British. The husband heard the screams
of his wife, and hurrying towards the house, seized an axe
which was lying at the door, and followed in pursuit.
He came up to them at the fence, on the border of the
forest. Not letting go his hold, the savage fired at Mr. S.
as he ran towards them. His ball did not take effect ;
and, just as he was raising his victim to throw her over
the fence, he received a blow from the axe, which broke
his rifle, and made him let go of Mrs. S. He then, con-
sulting his own safety, leaped over the fence; but, in bo
doing, he received another blow from the axe, which made
him fill the forest with his yells, and he made off with all
the speed he could, into the thick woods. Mr. S. did
not think porper to pursue, but, returning with his wife,
they immediately left their dangerous habitation for a
place of greater security.

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

209

JO away.

he lived
me after
w. She
hubband.
ty— you

she told
; that he
le Indian
t loaded,
ic house,
' keeping
imself all

the arm,
tvards the
n the oc-
; screams
ed an axe
I pursuit,
der of the
at Mr. S.
ke etfect;

her over
lich broke
Ihen, cou-
)ut, in 60
liich made
IT with all
Ir. S. did
L his wife,
lion for a

Anollier .ndventure.

Mr. William Molyncux, the father of Mrs. S. had,
the winter before, occupied the same residence. About
a month after he and his family had been obliged to flee
from their homes, he returned very cautiously. He er -
tered his house, and found two Indians lying dead on the
floor. A party of American militia-men had come upon
Ihem unexpectedly, while they were carousing upon the
good fare and liquors which (he occupants had left. They
were, no doubt, abroad for murder and destruction, and
met the fate ^hich they intended for others. Mr. M.
dragged their bodies from the house, and as ho had no aid
or time to bury them, he formed round them a large pile
of logs and rails, and, setting fire to it, they were consum-
ed. The British Indians considered it quite an affiont,
and threatened vengeance. It was an empty threat, for
they had already done him all the mischief they could.

AN ESCAPE FROM INDIANS.

" Though few Uie numbers — theirs the strife,
That neither spares nor seeks for life."

Another incid( nt, which occurred on the memorable
invasion before alluded to, took place on the Ridge Road,
a few miles east of Mr. Molyneux's public-house. The
roads had been deeply broken up, and were frozen in
that state, and it was impossible to proceed with wagons ;
a very little snow enabled the inhabitants slowly to move
along with sleighs. They were fleeing from a relentless

,U I 1 !

M'".l

'^nWMnMHHIJHH^

210

JAUNT TO THE WHlllLrOOL.
Dealli ot'un liiduiii.

and cruel enemy. The rear of 1li(; lu^itives was brought
up with a twohorHu nlcigb, driven by u young man, who
wart walking by Ibe Bide of bis horses, [n the sleigli lay
his i)rolher, who, one week belbre, bud hud his leg ani-
puiated just l)el()w the thigh. His condition was very
feeble, and to proceed rapidly, rough as the roads then
W(!ro, would have been death to him. There was no
ulternutive, but to continue the moderate pace at which
they were moving. The driver was armed with a rille.
At tiiat, and distrustfidly behind him, ho alternately
looked ; for he knew the foe was near at hand. At
length, the war-hoop, witli its accompanying yells,
broke upon their cars. The disabled brother beeougbt
the other to leave him to his fate, and by ilight to eave
his own life. " No," he replied, *' if we are to die,
we will jjcrish together." The party of Indians that
pursued them were in full night ; and one, far in advance
of the others, called to them to stop, making threatening
g(>8tures, and raising bin rille. With the same slow
pace, the horses proceeded ; the driver, coolly collecting
himself tor the conflict, in which there were such fearful
odds against him. The Indian sprang forward, and was
within a few paces of the sleigh, when the yoimg man,
suddenly turning himself, quickly raised his rifle, and
firing, fatally wounded his pursuer. The savage plunged
forward, fell, and his body rolled out of the road. A
yell of vengeance, from the band in the rear, came like
the knell of death upon the brothers. At that moment,
a friendly party of the Tuscaroras were seen descending
the adjacent mountain ; and the well-directed fire they
opened on the British Indians, obliged them precipitately

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

211

ijcwision.

to rel.re. The drivor of the nlcigh wns Iho Hon. Bates
Cooko ami the i..valicl wa« hin brother, Lathrop Cooke,

pWot ot the boat that led the van on that oeraBion ; the
l.nat washro.,.bt|o the exaet point designated, and the
u^vn, though hn-d upon hy the eendnel who gave the
alarm, were landed without lose.

1 1111

■ ,3 .r' iM Ul

TllK VILLA (;e Ot' LKWisi'u.N.

*V\ii(I cnltn and pcjKvrtiirfll 111,, lirjiiul ray
:Mi(I rural scciiory and woodland spray ;
Hu( eriMliiit, hcaa. another day had crou'iiM,
A {Thastly ruin inark'd ilm eliarin jiroiMid;
The LTCcMi jrraHs u uv'd aionjr ij.c vonlrni' plain,
Anollicr day — 'twas crusli'd bpnoalli ih,. slain ;
'ri)o siroandet sparkled but llie eve liefore,
Another day — 'twas red with rhxtcd gore."

The party approach Lewiston. The Biimmcr after
Ihe Village was burnt, the prospect all around was like
one extensive meadow. Nearly all the fences in the
liolds had been destroyed by our own troops, at ditierent
'imcp, while encamped there, or passing through; but,
at (he tmic it was burnt by the British, the destruction
^vas general : nothing was left that would burn ; and
Hie life of no creature was spared that could be destroyed.
Not only the fields, but the yards and streets were
covered with high, grass, and the prospect was lonely and
18

212

JAUNT TO THE WIHRLrOOL.

Tlioiiuis Hustler.

melancholy in the extreme — not o living creature was
to be Been. A spirit of wanton cruelly had caused the
ene'^v to doslroy all ihat they could not carry away.
Li'. . mns of emnll yellow butterflies, ilitting about
abovt .uc tall fjraRS, marked the ppot where tlie carcass
of some creature lay, where it had been shot down or
perished. What scene can be more gloomy, than a coun-
try depopulated, and laid waste I'.y the ravages of war.

As you enter the village, directly fronting the road
from the Falls, formcrlly lived sergeant Thomas Hustler,
one of Gen. Wayne's old vctorniis. He carried about,
for many years, a ball in hie thigh, which he received
in battle. Ho kept a public-house, one of the best of
those times; and the grateful beverage of mother Hust-
ler's good collee, is yet remembered by many an old
traveller ; and many a slcigh-ride, and jauat of pleasure,
was made by the officers of Fort Niagara, to the public-
house of the old sergeant.

A little further in the village, lived a respectable phy-
sician, by the name of Alvord. When the Indians en-
tered Lewiston, carrying before them terror and death,
he was preparing to fly from danger, but he was too late ;
as he was mounting his horse, they shot him down and

scalped him.

Lewiston, was, in 1805, named after Governor Lewis,
of the state of New York ; it was burnt in 1813, in 1815
the inhabitants returned and it is now a beautiful and
flourishing village.

Ill i

i I -4M

uro was
ised tho
y away.
ig about
I carcafis
down or
. a coim-
war.

the road

Hustler,

xl about,

received
e best of
er Hust-
ly an old

pleasure,
10 public-
able pby-
idians cn-
nd death,

too late ;
down and

or Lewis,
3, in 1815
Litiful and

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

213

Five IMile Mradow

FIVE MILE MEADOW.

" ('oine, (read with me yoiirlmnjrrfiil (lellg,
Whcie beamy imo ;4raiide.ur swells."

This beautiful situation, celebrated in the early days of

be country, as bein,. one of the first cultivated spots of

be Wilderness, i« between one arul two niilea below Lewis-

ton, and live miles from the Fort. Hence its name. It

was the residence and property of Captain Nathaniel

Leonard, formerly of the United States army.

At the close of the last war, he retired to this place
esteemed as the most attractive and pleasant of any on
the nver. Here, in the mindat of a beloved family, in the
improvement and cultivation of his farm, and in the
confidence of his many friends and neighbors, he lived
happily for many years, and truly verified the adage, that

" The post of honor is a private stailon."

Youngstown is a village, also, lying by the side of the
Niagara river. It is one .ile from Fort Niagara, and
old 1^ ort George, in Canada, is directly opposite It
clerives its name from John Young, formerly an American
merchant in Canada. He was the principal proprietor.
Here is kept the only ferry to Canada, between Lewis-
ton and Lake Ontario. A horse boat is maintained. In
summer time, it is very pleasant crossing ; but, in win-
der, It the ice runs, there is danger.

nil !

214

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

Fort i\iii(.'ii»ii.

'•I

*l i^

[j^i a J

■HHi

Hp^^K^^B

^Bt T^T^H

I^E^i ^ ^^I^^B

■^1 WBHini

K-N - ^IH

■Ml

klal

FORT NIAGARA.

" IIoarr^R bnrkr^d tlio wolf-, tlio v\ilHiro scrcnnied afir -,
The aiigol i)ity slmiinnl tlif* walks of w:ir."

This fortress ifi in Intilude 43 dog. 14 sec. N. In 1G79,
a siiinll spot wns enclosed by i)nlliisndcs, by M. De SalU-,
nn oftic'.'r in the i^ervicc of" Franco. In 1725, the Fort
wns built. In 1751), it \\m taken by the British, umUr
^Sir William Johnson. The cnplure has been nscribed to
treachery, though there is not known to be any existing
authority to prove the charge. In iVM\, it was surren-
dered \o the United Stak's. On the lOlh December,
1813, it was again taken by the Brilish, by surpricc :
and in March, 1815, again surrendered to the Ameri-
cans. This old fort is as much noted for enormity and
crime, as for any good ever derived from it by the nation
in occupation. While in the hands of the French, there
is no doubt of its having been, at times, used as a prison ;
its close and impregnable dungeons, where light was
not admitted, and where remained, for many years after,
clear traces, and a part of the ready instruments for exe-
cution, or for murder. During the American revolution,
it was the head-qiiarter of all that wns barbarous, unre-
lenting, and cruel. There, were congregated the leaders
and chiefs of those bands of murderers and miscreants,
that carried death and destruction into the remote Ame-
rican settlements. There, civilized Europe revelled with
gnvoire America ; and ladies of education and rclinement
mingled in the society of those whose only distinction

"f;

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

215

Fori Ni.ij^uru — Mess-ho

Use.

waa to wield Ihe bloody tomahawk and «oalping-knife.
Ihore the sauaws of tho forest wore raised to eminence,
and the most unholy unions between them and officers
of the h.ghest rank, smiled upon and countenanced.
There m their strong hold like a ne.t of vultures,
secure y, for seven years, they sallied forth and preyed
upon the distant settlements on the Mohawk and Sus-
quehanna. It was the depot of their plunder ; there
they pl„„,.ea their forays, and there they returned to
teast, until the hour of action come again.

Fort Niagara is in the State of New York, and stand«
on a point ot land at the mouth of the Niagara river. It
IS a traditionary St ^>ry, that the mess-house, which is a
very strong building and the largest in the fort was,
erected by sti^tagem. A considerable, though not power!
M body of French troops, had arrived at the point.
Their force was inferior to the surrounding Indians, of
whom they were under some apprehensions. They ob-
tained consent of the Indians to build a wigwam, and
mduced them, with some of their officers, to engage in
an extensive hunt. The materials had been made ready,
aiid while the Indians, were absent, the French built.
When the parties returned, at night, they had advanced
80 far with the work, as to defend themselves against the
savages, in case of an attack. In progress of time, it be-
came a place of considerable strength. It had its bastions
ravines ; its ditch and pickets ; its curtains and counter-
scarp ; its covered way, draw bridge, raking batteries ;
Its stone towers, laboratory, and magazine; its mess-houee,
barracks, bakery, and blacksmith shnn r .r^^ fo. ^^--^'^--n
a chapel with a larg, ancient dial ov^r the door, toTark

I :;iili

III

i* ■

«■'

iJ_t.

210

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLrOOL.

Fort NiajTiira.

the hourly conrBc of the hum. Ti wan, indeed, n lilllo oity
of itself, mid for n lonil period iLio <,rrente.>t phice soiilh of
Montreal, or west of Albany. The forlilicalions origin-
ally covered a npnco of about eight nerce. At a few rods
from the harrier gate, was the burying ground ; it was
filled with memorials of the mutabiUty of human life ;
nnd over the portoh of the entrance was painted, in large
and emphatic chnracters, the word ''Iir.ST."

It is generally l)elicvcd, thnt f-onio of the dii^tnnt fort-
resses of France were often converted into slate i)ri6ons,
'n. well as for defenfive purpo.nes. There was much
about Fort Niagara, to eHtnl)li.^h the belief that it had
been used as such. The dungeon of the nicps-house,
called the black hole, was a strong, dark,, and dismal
l)lacc ; and in one corner of the room was lixed the ap-
paratus for strangling such unhai)py wretches as fell im-
der the dif-pleasure of the despotic rulers of those days.
The walls of this dungeon, from top to bottom, had en-
graved upon them French names, and mementos in that
language. That the pri^mers were no common persons
was clear, as the letters nnd emblems were chiselled
out in good style. In .Tune, 1812, when an attack was
momentarily expected upon the fort by a superior British
force, a merchant, resident at Fort Niagarn, deposited
some valualle articles in this dungeon. He took occa-
sion, one n'.ght, to visit it with a light ; he examined the
walls, and there, among hundreds of French names, he
Baw his own family name engraved, in large letters.
He took no notes, and has no recollection of the other
names and memorials ; he intended to repeat his visit,
and to extend his examination, but other avocations

JA-JNT TO THE WJIFFU.POOI,

117

tie pity
onth ot"

origiii-
■jw rods

it was
in life ;
in large

int forl-
l)ri6on-',
8 miicli
t it bad
g-liouse,
.1 dismal
the op-
fell nn-
ise days,
bad en-
i in tbnt
I pereoMH
chiselled
tack was
r British
deposited
)ok occa-
nined the
lames, he
;e letters,
the other
his visit,
wocatioiife

^Villiaiii JMorgaii.

)t I

irontrlii

rniiBod the subjVct to bo ncudectcd ; and it was not
to mind arrnir) until of late years, when nil was cbnnircd.
In further corrobcration Ilia' Fort Niagara had witnessed
scenes of guilt ofid f.ul murder, was the fad that, in
]8()5, it became nec(>ssary to clear out an old sink at-
tached to the me^s-house. The bones of a fenuile were
found therein, evidently, from the place where discovered,
the victim of some atrocious crime.

There were many legendary stories about the fort. In
the centre of the mese-houtie was a well of water, but,
it having been poisoned by Pome of the former oecuj)ant8,
in latter years the water wa.s not u.;cd ; arul it was a
atory with the soldiers, imd belivcved by the Mipersitious,
that at nn'dnight the headless trunk of a French general
officer was often seen pitting on the curb of the old well,
where he had been murdered, and his body tiirown in ;
and, according to dreamers and money-diggers, large
treasures, both in gold and silver, have been" buried ia
many of the nooks and corners of the old fi)rt. JMany
applications used to be made to the America:! officers to
dig for money, and persons have been known to come
from a considerable distance for that purpose. Such re-
quests were, of course, rcfueed.

Of late years, matter of fact has been more strange
than romance. William Morgan was kidnapped from
the jail in Canandaigua ; carried in a post coach, undis-
covered and by violence, for more than one hundred
miles, through a populous country ; the jjerpetrators, at
the time, unsuspected ; was lodged in the magazine at
Fort Niagara, for three or four days ; and then was no
more seen. He was the last hu-maa victim offered up
-n these recesses of oppreeeion and blood.

lijjillil

218

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

Juliii Ciirroll.

In tho summer of 1839, the United States government
commenced to rebuild the fortifications of Fort Niagara,
and it ie stated, thai it will be again put in a rcspcctabltt,
and commanding condition.

JOHN CAllUOLL.

\ ♦' A i;0(ir old solflicr

The very luuiie iheir loves engage."

In the palmy dnys of Fort Niagara, when the surround-
ing country first conmienced to be settled, tho command-
ing officer was in all respects a petty sovereign, not al-
ways ruling with a light or easy hand. The Lieutenants
and under officers were likewise persons of great conse-
quence, and a very good feeling did not always prevail be-
tween the independent, urdy, first settlers and the mili-
tary ; but now the show and eclat of military command
have vanished, and the faiiaer, the mechanic and the
man of business fill their allotted stations, without rivalship
or annoyance.

From many of the former residents of Fort Niagara
there might be selected characters, a descriptive notice of
whom, would be interesting to general readers. Some for
their true nobility, some for their meanness, and others
for peculiarities especially their own. But one, however,
will be here noticed, and his rank was no higher than that
of all afuiy musician.

.TArXT TO TITR WHIR T. POOL.

210

Jnliii Ciirroll.

Wholhnr he was brother or eouRin to Curroll, the fti-
moiw Irish harper, is not known ; but, lik<. him, he was
of nil fliin<rK dcvofed lo miif^ic and whiskey. One morn-
ing', Carroll phiycd the troops, on pnrnde, n vory Hprii,di{ly
tunc ; the comnmndinnr ofliccr threw up his window, mid
called out " Carroll, wli,-it tunc i^ that ?"

" What the devil ail.s you, sir ?" replied Carroll.

"Yon old rascal! What tune is that?" the onicer
again voeiffrnted.

" Wluit the devil alls yon, sir ?" was (he response.

** Come up here, I will learn you to an,^wcr nic in that
way," was next.

Carroll lm.stcnfd to (ho room, but was very careful to
pay, a,^ s,)on ai ho oi)cned the door, *' Sir, the name of
the rhiine is what the devil ails you."

" Gj about your buMn.-.sH," finid the Major.

One day, when Carroll hnd been paying his devotions
too freely to B.icchus, in the use of his favorite beverage,
and staggering on thc^ parade, made a ludicrous figure in
playing the retrcit. The cominindant gave him q per-
sonal rei)rimand, and threatened him with confinement.
Carroll was not then in so beggarly a state as to bear
censure patiently, but felt as great as his oflicer, and m
rich as a lord. Ho first retaliated in words, but shortly
became so furious and ungovernable, as to make it ne-
cessery to confine him ; and, what was very unusual, he
was conveyed and locked up in the black hole. h\ the
middle of the night, the most dismal sounds were heard
from the place of his confinement ; and orders were
given that he should be looked to. He was found in a
piteouB condition ; declaring that he had been visited by

'^^imm^mmk'

220

JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.

Jaunt concluded.

all the hobgoblins, and all the devils in existence ; that
they came to him immediately at his entrance, and had
haunted him all the while he had been confined. He
begged that he might be allowed a light, his fife, and
pen, ink and paper ; that, by employing himself in some
vay, he might be able to drive awny the horrid thoughts
and phantoms that assailed him. His request was
granted. In the morning, when he was released, and
met the other musicians, ho produced them a tune which
he said he had composed during the latter hours of hia
} confinement. He called it '' Carroll's thoughts on eter-
nity." Besides this, he composed several marches, waltzpB,
and other pieces ; many of which possessed considerable
merit. He died in 1812, of the epidemic which at that
time prevailed in the army.

TAl

The
patchc
lakes
river,
miles,
Ameri
and tl
tbree i

JAUNT TO CANADA,

IN THE VICINITY OF THE FALLS,' VISIT TO

TABLE ROCK, BROCK's MONUMENT &c.

WITH NOTICES OF

QUEENSTON, FORT GEORGE, &c.

.:::!ll

CANADA.

'♦ Prinrcs and lords may flourish or may fade ;
A breath can make them, as a hreatli has made
But a bold peasantry, their country's pride,
When once destroyed, can never be supplied

»>

That portion of Upper Canada, designated in the dee-
patches of Gon. Brown, as the peninsula lying between
lakes Ontario and Erie, bounded east on the Niagara
river, and extending west about one hundred and fifty
miles, ia one of the finest tracts of country in North
America. The soil is fertile, the climate salubrious,
and the scenery beautiful. Besides being bounded on
tbree sides with navigable water communication, there

"'' Willi

.iMilart;iiiiiij%i.».

i;v

222

JAT^NT TO CANADA.

Impressions of iravellorri.

also passes over it many line streams and rivulets. The
state of improvemt!nt is very respectable: the whole tract
is only eciualled by Western New- York, whote inhabit-
ants, in enterprise, are yet considerably in advance of
those of Canada. The settlementp, on the western side
of the Niagara river, tooii place during and immediately
after the war of the revolution. On the American side,
except at three points, it commenced much later, and
large tracts of the native forests are still remaining. The
first settlers to this part of Canada, were from the nor-
then and western borders of Pennsylvania, and New- York;
Butler's rangers; the followers of Sir J. Johnson, and
others, who preferred the paternal government of Great
Biitain to the republican institutions of the people. The
proximity of the two countries, the same language, and
similarity of pursuits, have so assimilated the inhabitants,
that a stranger, not knowing the political division, in
passing from one to the other, would still think himeelf
fimong the same people.

It was not so with Captain Basil Hall, when he landed
in Canada from the United States, and trod again on
British ground; his chest expanded — he breathed more
fi-ee — the air seemed purer; and, seeing a British soldier
near Brock's monument, he hastened towards him, and
embraced him as a brother. It is the reverse with an
American. When he goes to Canada, he feels himself
from home, and experiences a degree of constraint to
which he has not been familiar. With feelings no less
buoyant than those of Capt. Hall, when ready, he returns
to his own shore rejoicing, and grateful for the freedom
which hio forefathers won. Still, Amcricane always leave

t8. The

lole tract

inhnhit-

vancc of

tern side

nodiately

can Bide,

titer, and

ig. The

the nor-

cw-York;

iHon, and

of Great

)le. The

lagc, and

jabitanls,

vision, in

k hinieelf

he landed

again on

hed more

leh eoldier

him, and

3 with an

8 himself

3traint to

^8 no Ices

le returns

3 freedom 1

'T¥

tvays leave

JAUNT TO CANADA.

223

The Ferry.

Canada pleased with the country, and gratified with the
civility with which they are usually treated. The eensa-
tions that animate both Americans and Britons in passing
into a foreign land, though apparently dissimilar, yet arise
from the same source— love of country — of home, and
veneration for long cherished institutions.

.■3

VIEW FROM THE STAIRS.

'* And hark ! the bugrle's mellow strain,

From hill to hill Is ringing ;
And every zephyr, o'er the plain,

The joyful note is bringing.
The eagle from his eyry darts,

To hear the flying numbers •
And echo, in her grotto, starts.

Awakened from her slumbers."

The party of travellers are at the top of the bank, and
commence the descent of the long flight of stairs, in order
to cross the river. They stop at the foot of the first flight,
and enjoy a fine view of the Falls, and the river below.
The view below extends about two miles, where the wa-
ters again break into billows, and white with foam, seem
to sink into some subterraneous cavern, as they disappear
behind the projecting cliffs.

Inquiry is often made, " How was the bank descended
before the stairs were built?"

The descent was made by means of the Indian ladder,
half a mile further down the river, and hero k», oiir,„,„a.

I'lliliji

i^ Li

' ' !!l

i'M!

' "l,i' 1111

'I .1 'i I
,,i I III.'"''

I' I '

li iiiii)

"If 11 1

224

JAUNT TO CANADA.

Perilous descent of the ladder.

to the rocks and sLirube. The next improvement was n
ladder, eighty feet long, placed nearly perpendicularly
against the bank. Last war, it was thrown down. The
same year that peace was proclaimed, and before another
ladder was erected, a party of ladies and gentlemen from
Boston, visited the Falls; and, incredible as it may appear,
descended and ascended the bank, at this place, by holding

fast to the rocks.

One of the ladies observes— " Tbeir curiosity must
have been very intense, to induce them to expose them-
selves to 60 much danger."

A traveller replies — *' Even the ladder was difficult and
dangerous to many who descended it for the first time.
A gentleman once described to me his passing down the
ladder in the following terms: ' When I was a youth, I
visited the Falls, in company with a lad of about my own
age. It was in 1808. We came to the top of the bank,
and after viewing the great scene from above, we recon-
noitered the prospect below, and the means of getting
down. I became very anxious to descend, but the view
was much more wild and terrific than at present; and I
had some slight apprehensions. I desired my companion
to accompany me, but he declined. I had not been used
to climbing or descending ladders, and such wild scenes
were not familiar. I concluded to venture, and commen-
ced to go down. I soon discovered that every step I
descended, I had to hold on still more firmly; but down I
got. I then threaded my way along the rough and slip-
pery path to the water's edge, and thence to the mist and
falling water. It was a chaotic scene to me; the water
poured from above: the mistB rushed over, and the Fa'ls

JAUNT TO CANADA.

225

Perilous descent of the ladder.

roared. I felt as if buried alone in the deep and rocky
chasm. I looked up, and saw my companion, no larger,
apparently, than an infant. Like the first travellers who
visited the Falls, and reported them to be six hundred
feet high, to me the bank and Falls appeared no less; and
their actual height I did not then know. I glanced at
the long ladder standing against the rocks, which I had
again to ascend, and became oppressed with fear; and
thought, if once eafe on the upper bank, that I would not
soon again be caught in thai horrid place. At length I
started up; I reached the ladder, and began the ascent. I
looked above; the height appeared almost interminable. I
cast my eyes below; my head became dizzy. I found it
my only security to direct my eyes in front, against the
black and projecting rocks. My feet touched the ladder
with weak and unsteady steps, and my hazids clinched it
with my utmost strength. When I successively let go to
take another hold, it seemed as if all power was gone, or
as if a heavy load was attached to my arms to keep them
from rising. On 1 went, my eyes still directed against
the rocks, and exerting my strength almost to exhaustion.
I reasoned with myself, and endeavored to subdue the
apprehensions that overcame me; I thought of the folly of
my fears, and that it required but a slight exertion to hold
to the ladder; and tliat there was no necessity of grasping
it with such death-like energy. If it was twenty times
as high, I thought I could ascend it. At once I attempted
to be less exercised, and took hold of the rungs carelessly;
but, if I had not instantly grasped them with all my might,
I shoidd have fallen to the bottom; and it required all the
strength I was master of, to recover my position. I found

ii )'i

"hill

'! I

• «

226

JAUXT TO CANADA.

Hji

Convenience for travellers.

that I had vainly flattered myself; and with more and
more difficulty did I rise, and more firmly was I obliged to
hold. Though requiring but about five minutes to make
the ascent, it appeared to be the labor of half an hour, at
least. At length I reached the summit, and wilh joy I
once more found myself on level land. I advanced to-
wards my companion, who was seated on a rock at a
short distance, but, to my surprise, my legs refused their
office, my knees bent under me, and I barely succeeded in
walking. I rallied myself, and determined to walk erect,
but in spite of every eflxirt to the contrary, my knees
continued for some minutes to give way; and I was con-
vinced that I had been greatly frightened. I afterwards
frequently descended, but never again with such emotions.'
It was certainly a hazardous way of descending the bank,
and particHlnrly for ladies and pereon. of weak nerves.
The public are much indebted for the present conveniences
afforded to visiters, and for nothing more 'than the differ-
ent staircases."

The guide observes— "It is well thought of by some,
and they are willing to pay for the many accommodations
they receive: others think that these conveniences should
be erected and maintained gratuitously, and complain of
being taxed at every turn."

Traveller. — <'It is very unreasonable to expect that
people should go to great expense in providing these ac-
commodations, and also give their personal attention with-
out reward."

Guide.— " There is another class, that object to these
conveniences, they are hunting for adventure and hair-
breadth eecapesj about the Falls ; they wish, on their

JAUNT TO CANADA.

227

Catliii'8 Cuve.

return, to relate the imminent danger they were in, or
the daring enterprises they performed."

Traveller.- "As lo that matter, there is room enough
yet. Let thom go down the bank, where there are no
Ptairs, if they disapprove of them: let them wander under
the perpendicular rocks; pass lo Ingraham's cave; take an
excursion in a boat, and pass from Bath island to the isl-
andiUying just above the Falls; swim the Niagara river;
or, in a boat, pass to the rapids below. There is yet room
for the wildrst adventure about Niagara; but after all, the
greater portion of mankind are fond of eecing exciting
bcenes from safe po/sitions. And the various facilities of
communication, and other conveniences for strangers, are
worth all that is charged for them."

The stairs that descend the bank were built by and
belong to Judge Porter. The ferry also, from the Ameri-
can side, belongs to him: from the British side it belongs
to Samuel Street, Eyq. The first boat put on the river
at this place, was by Gen. Parkhurst Whitney. He built
the first stairs down the bank, and established the first
ferry.

Having arrived at the foot of the stairs, the very fine
view of the Falls, which is there presented, is noticed by
the party. Thence they wind around the sloping bank to
the landing place; the boat is ready to receive them; and
they are soon floating over the convulsed and agitated
waters. Hoods, India rubbers, oil cloths and umbrellas,
are brought into requisition, to shield them from the de-
scending mist that gushes away from the falling stream.

Catlin's Cave, is about a mile below, on the American
eide. It can onjj^ be \it:iicd by going along the bottom
19*

'1 '' Ml
Hi'

,1 ,1!

ti I Ml

illi 'i

1 !

i' '

'' lini li

1 i"i:

n 111

'r'':;iii

228

JAUNT TO CANADA.

Crossing the river.

of the perpendicuhir bank, or near the water's edge.—
Travellers usually employ the ferryman to take then, in
a boat. The cave is about twenty feet in circumference,
or about the size of a baker's largo oven: and the entrance
just big enough to admit the body of a man. When dis-
covered, it was almost filled with beautiful Citalactitcs.
but they have been all removed. Around the cave arc
large qunntities of petrified moB3, and springs of water
gush out above and at the sides of the cave, in a peculiar
and beautiful manner.

Bender's Cave, is on the Canada side, a little further
down than Catlin'e. It is about twenty fort from side to
side, is high enough for persons to stand in, and has a
floor of pure white sand. To persons of leisure, both
caves are worth visiting, and afford a pleasant excursion.
Before the bridge to Iris island was built, parties used
to visit the lower end with boats, by passing up between
the two sheets of water; some arc still fond of making the
trip, as they advance very close to the Falls, which is to
many very iixtt^/esting.

Usually, visitors are greatly delighted with the view of
the Falls which is obtained in crossing the ferry. To-
wards the centre of the river, the mist is dispelled, and
the prospect of the immense body of falling water is un-
obscured by any intervening object. The whole sublimity
of the scene is displayed. Besides this, the eddies are
strong, the waters dance round the boat, the boat itselt
rocks and bounds along, and some of the obtrusive waves
dash over upon the passengers. The ladies become alarm-
ed; but they hardly have time to inquire if there is not
danger, before the dashing of the waves has ceased, the

JAUNT TO CANADA.

229

edge. —
lien, in
ference,
ntrance
ben dis-
lactilcs.
;ave arc
)f water
peculiar

further
I side to
id has a
re, both
icureion.
lies used
between
king the
ich is to

3 view of
ry. To-
lied, and
er is un-
iublimity
ddies are
oat itself
ve waves
ae alarm-
re is not
ased, the

VilhiKe of Clifton.

boat glides smoothly o- er subdued and dead swells, and
soon reaches the Canada shore.

The pasHongers step forth upon the rocks that line the
shore. The mighty cataract is pouring its ocean of wa-
ters before them, but, if they are Americans, it has ceased
to be the only curiosity, and their attention is called to
persons and characters. Sentries, in the red and showy
uniform of England, arc paceiiig the rocky shore; or a
portion of the Brifi«h army may be observed performing
their evolutions nt the top of the bank. The notes of the
bugle are often hoard in the distance, and sometimes the
martial strains of the full regimental band breaks upon
the traveller's ears.

VILLAGE OF CLIFTON.

This village comprises a fine plat on the first and second
rise of land above the ferry. The road leading from the
river to Drummondville passes through the centre. It
lies directly in front of the Falls, and commands a full
view of the river, of the great cataract, and of the Ameri-
can shore.

Clifton House, stands just at the head of the hill from
the ferry.

The party proceed along the bank of the river until
coming near a house containing a large Camera Obscura,
which beautifully reflects the Falls. To many, it is a
new and pleasing sight, and is always wo; th a visit.

iiiii

Mill!

230

JAUNT TO CANADA.

Tuldc llock.

Procecdirijcr further, Mr. Barnet's museum attracts their
attention, and <hey cnt^r tc. eve his cu^io^itic8. No por-
eou who visits this niurtuem will rcyict the lime or the
trifling cxpL'n.5e; ami all that have viiiileJ it, have depar-
ted plcan. ' and gratified. It is one of the heat coileoMonH
of birds and animals any where to be met with. They
are preserved in a very neat style. The animals and
birds are generally those of the country, and look almost
as if living. The birds eeum not to have lost a Lather,
and appear as if ready to raise their wings to fly. Mr.
Barnct makes his own preparnlions; and, for the beautiful
manner he performs his work, he is unexcelled. He pre-
pares for viditorn, animals or biids to order, or will sell to
them out of his stoek on hand. Besides birds and ani-
mals, there are many other curiosities in this museum,
worth seeing. The j)arty, after 8])ending half an hour
very pleasantly, bend their course towards Tabb Rock.

TABLE ROCK.

*' Aiul still with soiiiit! like liooming peal
From disitiiit tliuiulcr jjivcii,
Forllt, forili from out the dark uhysa,
The ruahiMsj siicum Is driven."

Although much of this rock has fallen from time to
time, within the memory of many yet living, still it pro-
jects some forty or fifty feet over the bank. Through a
consitr^rable portion of it juus a wide and deep fibsure,
evidencing that it will nut be many years before the outer

JAUNT TO CANADA.

231

TusBing under ihe lihcct of wuter.

portion will be launched below. Some years since, the
person who kept the winding Btoirs, at Table Rock, gave
notice that on a cermin day, (it was on the occasion of
one of the vessels going cynr the Falls,) he should put a
number of kegs of powder in the fissure of the rock, and
blow it off. It wns expected that it would make a tre-
mendous crneh. But the gentleman who owned the prin-
cipal interest in the privilege, would not allow it to be
-'one, as it would have put an end to the charm of the
place — the visit under the sheet of water.

Traveller.— " If the rock is safe, the gentleman did
right in preserving it; but if it hangs jeopardising the life
of human beings, it ought to be blown off."

Guide— " We are now on it, and you must judge for
yourselves."

Traveller.— '< It mny stand for half a century, or may
give way while we are tolking about it. It has no doubt,
too dangerous a look for a man to think of building a
residence on, yet, for a Niagara Falls enthusiast, and I
have both seen and heard of such, it is just the spot."

'll!

','H!

PASSING UNDER THE SHEET OP WATER.

" The gliuering stream, the Bprny with rainbow round,
The dizzy height, the roar, the gulf profound."

Near to Table Rock, there is an establishment at which
uicH^vu, «.v proviucu, anu gaiaua uirnisDea lo conduct trdv-

232

JAUNT TO CANADA.

The descent.

ellerB under the rock, and thence under the ebeet of water.
Several of the party conclude to make the excursion, and
enter the house. The ladies start bnck in astoniehment
and dismay, as they see rising up, apparently from a
lower apartment, half a dozen villainous looking charac-
ters, arrayed in canvass jackets, and in India rubber and
oil cloth cloaks; some with caps flapped over their necks,
and others with tarpaulin t-louchcd hats, a good represen-
tation of Italian banditti; but, as they seemed to be satur-
ated with wet, and the water ran in streams from them,
it was no great elrctch of fancy to imagine them demons
of the Falls. The party come forward, laughing and
chatting gaily; and the sweet treble of women's voice,
mixed with the louder yet well modulated tones of the
men, would, at least, have passed them olT as a gay set
of masqueraders. An explanation soon takes place; they
prove to be a company of ladies and gentlemen just retur-
ned from under the sheet of water.

Similar dresses were soon provided for the new comers.
The ladies remonstrated about the cow-hide shoes, much
too big, and other grotesque looking articles with which
Ihey had to array themselves, and laughed heartily at
each others odd and frightful appearance.

They descend the stairs, make their way along the
rocky path, and soon enter under the overhanging arch
of Table Rock. In front is the sheet of water: below,
at the left, is the river, white with foam, and on the
shore large bodies of rock that have tumbled from the
arch under which the travellers are winding their way ;
and above, is the mighty mass divided into thousands of
fissures, and rocks hanging equipoised, ready every mo-

1 i i

JAUNT TO CANADA.

233

Termination Rock.

if water,
ion, and
liebment
from a
cliarae-
)ber and
r necke,
•epreeen-
be eatur-
m them,
demons
[inig and
'b voice,
38 of the
, gay set
ice; they
tst retur-

,' comers.
les, much
th which
eartily at

ilong the
;ing arch
r: below,
d on the
from the
leir way ;
jueands of
3verv mo-

ment to fall and crush those whose temerity leads them
through that dangerous pass. But, as no accidents have
happened, visitors may look danger in the face, and move
cheerily along, not troubling themselves with any dis-
turbing tl'jughts. They soon arrive in the mist, the
rocks become slippery, but (he guide directs and lends
his assistance, aesuring them that there is uo danger.

" Slill groping through the dark recess, we find
New 81 ncs of wonder, to ummc the mind."

The water, driven by the force of the wind, pours over
them, and in spite of India rubber and water-proof
guards, very few escape being drenched to the skin. At
length, it is announced that they have arrived at Ter-
mination Rock. There they stand and gaze upon the
wonders of the place, until the eye becomes weary with
seeing the white and mingling waters, and the ear tired
of the deafening sound. Some just look in, and cast a
fearful glance around, and then hurry away ; others re-
main for half an hour, or more, seemingly enjoying the
terrific scene. Visitors usually go only to Termination
Rock, but it is possible to advance 35 feet further.

It is considered one of the adventures which Niagara
60 prolificly affords, to go under Table Rock. And the
proprietor furnishes a certificate, at a certain price, to all
those who perform the exploit. A German prince, who
vieited the Falls, a few years ago, offered to pay two
dollars, that sum being double the amount demanded,
for a paper certifying that he had gone further under the
Falls than any other man. The keeper would not take

♦ no KriKo Kll+ naTto \r\{r\% ■♦U^ «_J; — __-. i.;ii__^_

■msmm:r

234

JAUNT TO CANADA.

(ioing over the Fall!4.

Having enfely returned to the top of the rock, and re-
sumed their colloquy with the guide, one o( the party
observes —

" It would be a dreadful sight to behold a boat, in
which there were human beings, coming down the rapids
and going over the Falls."

Guide. — "That sight has never been witnessed; in
all the cases that have occured, the boats have been
capsized, and the persons thrown out in the rapids, and
were lost to the eyes of those who stood on the shore
before they reached the Falls ; and it is generally sup-
posed that they perish before they pass over.

li'i J

GOING OVER THE PALLS.

•' What thoughts are theirs, who, in the wat'ry deep,
For a short space cling to some hope forlorn,
And tug for one more moment of sweet life —
For precious and desired life?"

In 1810, a large boat, loaded with upwards of 200
barrels of salt, was sailing up the river, from Schlosser.
The wind was very high, and the boat being too deeply
laden, the swell rolled over her, and she sunk. The
masL at first projected out of the water, to which two of
the crew secured themselves ; another, there being but
three on board, seized the steering oar, on which he
ffoated. The place where the boat sunk, was at the

JAUNT TO CANADA.

235

(ioiii;,' over llic Fjills.

upper end of Navy Islnnd. It wa^ driven along by the
force of the current, the boat touching the bottom, and,
na it passed down, sinking deeper and deeper. At length,
the swells rolled over those who were on the mast, and
at times they would sink from sight, and then, where the
river was not so deep, would again rise. Ojie let go his
hold, and made for the shore, but soon sunk; the other
continued his hold upon the mast, until lost sight of.
Both of them, without doubt, went over the Falls. The
man who got the steering oar, succeeded in sealing himself
on it, and was drifting down the river. A gentleman,
about a mile from Chippewa, observing him, ran his horse
to that village, drove some men in a boat, and jumping
in himself, put out, lifted the exhausted and helpless man
with difficulty from the oar, and brought him safe to the
shore. In their humane exertions to save the life of a
fellow being, they got so far in the current, as to come
very near going over the Falls them el /es. The spirited
gentleman who was the means of eaving this man, was
the talented and well known Doct. John J. LafTerty, of
Upi)or Canada.

The occurrence of persona passing over the Falls is so
frequent, that but a small part of the cases can be enu-
merated. It being fo very dangerous for a long distance
above, it might be 8up|)osed that people would be more
careful; but they seem to be heedless of the risk, and rush
with imprudence upon the impetuous and deceiving wa-
ters. In 1820, two men were so neglectful of themselves,
as to fall asleep in a boat, at the mouth of Chippewa creek,
the bow of which lay on shore, but was not fastened. It
was carried out in the stream, and was seen to capsize in

(Hi:

,|.i:

'l*!liii^

'^;:i!^

. .11

! ii

I It

fSI

1.1

236

JAUNT TO CANADA

Caiiiil lio.it iiiciilon;.

Ihe rapids, when the mon were ihrowii out. For the
space of thirty years, hardly a year has parsed without
hearintr of one or more persons going over the Falls.

CANAL BOAT INCIDENT.

" Destruction moves on yon dorfccndins wave,
A sccaiiii;^ iiuracleuloiie can suve."

Besides the many fatal accidents that have happened,
there have been a great many narrow escapes. Only one,
however, will be mentioned here.

A canal boat, in Js32, was going up the river, from
Chippewa. When two miles up, the lowing line broke.
The captain was Bick below; one of the hands drove a
horse that was on board into the water, and he swam
ashore; the man, also, jumped overboard, and reached the
land. Besides the captain, there was left on board no
other person belonging to the boat, but a boy. Of pas-
sengers, there were two men and a woman. A trip over
the Falls appeared inevitable. The wind was blowing
freshly across the river, and the ready presence of mind
of the woman suggested that some of the bed clothes
should be got, and a sail erected. No time was lost, and
an old quilt was eoon hoisted to court the propitious bre?ze.
They made way over, but much faster down. It was in
the forenoon of a fine and pleasant day, their situation
was noticed from both sides, and boats put out to their

ror the
without

ppened,
Illy one,

31-, from
3 broke,
drove a
le swam
ched the
)oard no
Of pas-
rip over
blowing
of mind
clothes
lost, and
8 bre?ze.
t was in
situation

JAUNT TO CANADA.

237

Canal ho; t iticiileiit.

relief. The perrons were taken off just before reaching
the rapids. A dog only wan left to pursue the perilous
navigation. The boat passed down near the American
shore, north of Iris island. The dog remained on deck
until she entered Ihc rnpido; and then, as she struck, and
heaved, and bounded over the rocks, he would run below,
look out of the cabin door, then jump on deck, and cast
his eyes upon the water, doing as much as any sailor could
in such a situation. To the inhabitants of the village of
Niagara Falls, the boat came suddenly and unexpectedly
hurrying along the rapids. It was not known to them
whether there wore any ])ersons on board or not. It was
the season when the cholera prevailed at Chippewa, Buf-
falo, Tonawanda, and through the whole course of the
Erie canal. It was common, at many places, when in-
fected persons were foimd to be on board of vessels or
boats, to cause the craft to be anchored out in the stream.
It was the general impression that this was an infected
boat, and that it was probable that there were several
miserable wretches below. The old quilt hanging out,
and the filthy and dismal appearance of the boat, confirm-
ed the impression. With these opinions, to the specta-
tors the scene was painfully interesting, ps the boat groaned
and drove along, every moment expecting that it would he
broken to pieces. It however made a lodgment on the
rocks, just above the bridge that leads to the island; and a
brave African dashed into the water with a rope, and
secured it to the shore. The boat was not bndly damaged,
and was afterwards hauled out and transported half a nn'le
by land, repaired, and agam Inunched ujjon the water.
The building standing on Table Rock, is for the pur-

"iiilii

M'il

{ i\

if \i

238

JAUNT TO CANADA.

Concert House.

poae of forcing water to the village, or, ns it was called,
the City of the Fnlls.

The first house on the hill, after passing Mr. Bnrnct's
museum, is colled the Concert House. ]t was erected for
the double purpose of being used as a bath house and for
concerts and assemblies. In the summer of 1838, it was
a barracks for eoldiers; and a beautiful display of white
canvas tenls along the green bank, which were occupied
by the forty-third regiment, added considerably to the
scenery about the Falls. These troops had every week a
eham fight, making a handsome sight, exceedingly novel
and interesting to American visitors.

Guide. — " Having passed over all the great views, it
is customary to inquire of travellers — which they prefer,
the American views of tbe Falls, or the Canadian ?"

Traveller.—" I perceive that it is true, there is in Can-
ada one grand unvaried view, which surpasses any single
view on the American side; but there is not that variety,
that enchanting shifting of the scene, that occurs as wc
pass along on the American shore and islands.'*

While the party are yet lingering around Table Rock,
sometimes gazing on the Falls, making inquiries, and des-
canting upon the surrounding scenery, several objects are
brought to their notice.

The island just above the Falls, and lying nearly level
with the water, is called Long island. By damming the
water from the side next the main shore, a slight injury is
done to the prospect.

The island about half a mile above the Falls, which
hugs in close to the shore, and around which a small
branch of Vne Niagara passes, is called Round island, and
Bometimca Cynthia island.

JAUNT TO CANADA.

239

Haiiiuel htrcct, Ksq. — Co!, (lark.

3 called,

Barnct'a
Dcted for
1 and for
S, it wns
of white
occupied
/ to the
r week n
;ly novel

news, it
y prefer,

in Cnn-
ly single

variety,
:b 88 wo

le Rock,
and des-
jects ore

irly level
Tiing the
injury is

3, which

a email

nnd, and

The dwelling house emhowcred in trees, below the
brow of the hill, and beyond the milla which arc seen at
the side of the river, is the residence of Samuel Street,
Epq. on American gentleman, long resident in Canada.

The house just discernible on the hill beyond Mr.
Street's, was the residence of Col. Thomas Clark, now
dcceaped, and long the partner of Mr. Street. He was
a Scotchman, and represented in himself an excellent
specimen nf Scotch nationality. In his youth, he was as
strong and hardy as his own native mountains. At an
early period, he performed the extraordinary feat of walk-
ing from the Falls of the Genesee river to Black Rock,
on the Niagara, in one day. He started a little before
sunrise, and arrived at Black Rock before nine at night,
having travelled the whole distance on an Indian path.
He was a man of great capacity in business, and very
exact and regular. When travelling, a few years since,
in company with the author, although he was then worth
millions, the Colonel was observed to make an entry in a
pocket memorandum book; and he remarked at the time,
" I have never spent a sixpence without making a regular
entry and account of it, and I do so still." He left a great
estate to three already wealthy maiden sisters in Scotland,
and Canada, (where his wealth had been made,) was for-
gotten in his will.

At the upper end of Round island, is the place called
Bridgewater. There was once on this spot extensive
mills, and quite a little village. The works had been
erected at great expense, and much labor bestowed upon
the bank to prevent slides; but during the last war, the
hand of destruction was stretched over the rising prospects
20*

n -

240

JATTNT TO CANADA.

liurniMK Sprint;.

of lhci)lno.*, nnd the mills and mont of iUo houses of the
village were hiirnt. Since Ihrii, il has heen almndoiied,
nnd almost forjTotlen. There in now nolhing infere.slinj;,
but the burning Rprinfr. Of Inte yeaiP, the water of the
river is eo hi^h an to cover the ppring. When it is in a
state to collect the gas, travellers very griicrnlly go to it.

Two miles fr(un the Falls, is Chippewa, a village of
considerable con8;;qnrnce, and more noted from its con-
tiguity to the great battle which took place in 1814. It
waa fought juf-t above the town, and the ground is now
undietit.guifihnble in any way except by fields and enelo-
fiures. In the winter of 1837 — 8, Chippewa was the
Bcene of action of JMcNabb's forces. There they erected
batteries, whence shells nnd rockets were thrown on Navy
island.

The party now pass from Tj.ble Rock, and if they
conclude to remain for some time in Canada, they go to
the Clifton House; and al their leisure visit Drummond-
ville — go to the \\ jirlpool on the British side, which is
four miles — to Brock's monument nnd Queenston, eight
miles — Niagara and Fort George, fourteen miles. If
they conclude to return to the American shore, they take
" new route back, by rising the hill nenr where stood the
Tavilion, and thenco pass on to Drummondville, and
round to the ferrv.

JAUNT TO CANADA.

241

t'iiy of the Fulls.

THE CITY OF THE FALLS.

The propnrljr of William Forpyth, comprising nboiit
four biuulrcfl ncrcs of land, and lying in the immediate
vicinity of the Falla, was purchased eome years since by
Thomas Clark, Samuel Street, and a numb-r of other
gentlemen. The grounds v/cre laid out into squares and
streets, suitably fur the accommodation of a large city.
An act of incorporation was talked of, in which foreigners
were to be allowed some special privileges, and meaoures
were taken for the encouragement of those disposed to
purchase and build. Some sales were made. For a while
the prospect was favorable, and several advantages were
offered to induce people to make investments; and more
would have done so, but the proprietors becoming lax in
their measures, improvements stopped, and the place has
been stationary for some years. As it is n commanding
situation, on a dry and pleasant soil, and enjoys eome of
the finest prospects in the world, it only requires the en-
couragement which the proprietors can well afford, to
have it go ahead at any time they may think proper to
determine. It has around it a flourishing country, thickly
populated by wealthy freeholders, whoso farms ore in a
high state of cultivation.

'\m

.'... .^-^, .id'

242

JAUNT TO CANADA.

Druiuinonilvillr:.

DRCMMOXDVILLE.

'* Wlint boots llic ofi rrpenfed talc of strife,
The feast of vultures, and the waste of life "

N'lf' k

This flourishing village sfnnds on ihc ground on which
the mis-named battle of Bridgevvatcr took place. It is
more properly known as the battle of Lundy's Lane. —
After the battle, the American dead were thrown into n
heap and burnt — and the Indians carried some of the
woundc'd who were yet alive to share the same fate, but
were stayed in their inhuman conduct by the exertions
of the British soldiers. Of one, it is related, that seeing
an Indian dragg'ng a wounded American to the flames,
who was begging for his life, he dcdpatched the Indian,
threw his body into the heap, and saved the American.
This was the greatest battle which took place on the
frontier. The report of the cannon was heard for the dis-
tance of a hundred miles, and, to persons within four or
five miles, the incessant dischar o of fire-anns sounded
like the continuous roll of a drum. The roar of the Falls
was not heard amid this din of human combat.

JAUNT TO CANADA.

248

(joneral Urock'd IMonuinnit.

iiitii

BROCK S MONUMFNT.

♦* Away, away, earth's pageai. ry,
Her ifiehtest genia are dim ;
Anfl glittering wealth, and power and f me,
How worthless now to liim."

Brock ^ Monument stands on Q'eenston heights, a
fihort distance south of tiifi vil'age. It is built of a soft
whitish t* me, taken out of tht nonntaiu nearby. The
base is twenty foet square, the shaft round, and rises one
hundred and twenty-six feet from the ground. It cost
nbout eight thousand dollars, and was b lilt at the expense
of tb? Provincial "'ovexnnicnt. It occuuies a bfiaii^ifnl and

ifii

244

JAUNT TO CANADA.

Extensive pro9|)crt.

commniidiiif,' bUj, and overlooks Fort Grey, on the Amer-
ican side, a largo battery erected mainly to cover the
nttack upon Quecnslon, and the roads and cultivated
farniB beyond the opposite beiijlits for several miles. Be-
low lies Lewiston, with its streets and orchards spread out
before the sjjcctator as a gardrm, and from which passes
to the east the celebrated Ridge Road. Thence along
the brow of the heights, the prospect extends north as far
as the eye can reach, and acro:-;s Lake Ontario to its north-
ern bounds. On the Canada side, the view is equally
fine. The beautiful little village of St. Davids, distant
but a few miles at the west, i)ceps out from under the
diverging hills ; and far beyond, a large tract of level
country, interspersed with improved farms, but generally
appearing like a dense forest, to the shore of the lake.
Below, and directly in front, is the antique looking village
of Queenston, and the Niagara river, bending its serpen-
tine course to the lake, and fornn'ng the boundary of two
great nations. At the mouth of the river, on the Ameri-
can side, rise the fortifications of old Fort Niagara, and
where is beheld waving in the breeze the ptar spangled
banner of liberty. On the British side, is the town of
Niagara and Fort George, where floats the proud stan-
dard of England.

General Brock did not fall on the spot where the monu-
ment is erected, but down the hill, in a northwesterly
direction, about eighty rods distant, near a cherry tree,
in the rear of Queenston. He was at the head of his
men, cheering them on to action. He was first interred
in the northeastern bastion of Fort George, and a twenty-
four pound American cannon contured with Hull-, olaced

JAUNT TO CANADA.

245

Dralnielion of Hrock'n IM(.niiinoiit.

at his bend. Alter the monumc.t wna built, his remoinB,
/itb those of his aid, Col. McUorinld, were deposited hero
with miieh pomp, on one of the anniversnrica of the battlo
of Qucciiston.

To Americans, thia moinmicnt must cause but one emo-
tion — sorrow for their fellow citizens wh) fell in that ill-
fated battle. One part of that badly dirfcfcd and bloody
conflict, related by an eye witness, is fcufRcient. A tihort
distance below the monument stands a log house. To-
wards the close of the bnttlo, a portion of the Americana
were driven down the hill, and as many as could, crowded
into the house. For a short period, they lircd on their
pursuers from the doora and windows; but for some mo-
ments after they ceased firing, the enemy continued to
lire in upon them. This yight, with the piteous cries of
our drowning countrymen, who sought to escape the car-
nage of that day, by endeavoring to swim the Niagara,
makes Brock's monument, to those Americans who were
eye witnesses of the battle of Quoenston, no object of
veneration.

On the 17th of April. 1840, an attempt was made to
destroy this memorial of the gallant Brock, by blowing it
up with gunpowder. The circular stairs within the mon-
ument were torn to pieces, stones were Ihrown out of tho
wall, and it was rent from the bottom to the top. This
act waa attributed to the noted radical paf ,ot, Benjamin
Lett. He neither admitted nor denied the charge; but
observed to those who spoke to him about it, ** They may
lay it to me."

In the August following, a great meeting of the Cana-
dian authorities, of the military and Canadian subjects,

4,*,w>"~

'-^1

246

JAUNT TO CANADA.

Town of Niagara.

was held at the monument, to devise means to repair, or
rebuild it. An individual ascended to the top, and fixea a
flag on it, though the monument Vi'as in a shattered con-
dition.

Contrary to the opinion of many who had seen Brock's
monument since the attempt was made to blow it up; who
supposed, that though shattered, it might yet stand tor
many years, in the month of February, 1841, a part of it
fell, and it is now left a perfect ruin.

TOWN OF NIAGARA.

This is one of the oldest settlement in Canada, It is
pleasantly situated on the left bank of the river, and is
bounded on the north by Lake Ontario. It once had the
prospect of being an important place, and had all the ad-
vantages that insure prosperity; but it has not advanced
as was expected. Many of its most wealthy and enter-
prising men ha^^e carried their business and resources to
other places; others appear to have ol umbered over the
advantages which they enjoyed at home, and suffered
their neighbors to advance ahead of them. Still it is a
place of considerable wealth, more enterprise is evinced,
and from its fine location, it must eventually arrive to
eminence and respectability.

MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.

MEDICINAL VIRTUES OF THE AIR AT NIAGARA

P\VLLS.

This may appear startling, though it is indeed nothing
more than what is admitted by all who have spoken or
thought on the subject. While some waters possces pro-
perties, the medical virtues of which are admitted, others
are deleterious. So with airs; while some are destructive
to animal life, others are ambrosial, grateful, and invigor-
ating. That there is not only a salutary and exhilarating
quality in the atmosphere of Niagara Falls, '-ut also supe-
rior medical virtues, is believed by many. No epidemics
have prevailed here. When the cholera raged through all
the country, no case occurred within the domain of the
misty cloud. Here there arc no poisonous vapors arising
from stagnant pools; no miasma from marshes or swamps;
but the moisture with which the air is saturated, is driven
up from the fall of broken n-aters — not raised by the in-
fluences of heat or cold, but purified and buoyant, it floats
away from the clear stream, and we breathe it, charged
as it is with ten thousand particles, fresh from nature's
great alembic.^ We not only see and hear, but feci, and
•ss^e, SRu: breathe tho Falls.
21

24B

MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.

(ieology of Niagara river.

GEOLOGY OF NIAGARA RIVER.

Here is a great fuld for geological and mineral re-
search. The rocks in many olaccs arc laid bare to a great
depth, and many of the most interesting spots for such
examinations have never yet been visited, owing to the
ditliculty of getting to them. Slight m)tice8 of the form-
ation and character of the rocks in this neighborhood,
have been laid before the public, by the New- York State
geologists, but it iri not known t^iat they have devoted
much time to a careful examination. There are known
to be saline waters at the Five Mile Mea'iows, and sulphu-
rous and gas springs upon the mountain. Argillaceous
iron ore is found on the bank of the river; many specimens
of lead ore are obtained, and in one instance a largo lump
of several pounds was picked up. Common ami water
lime, and building stone are abundant, and gypsum is also
supposed to be plentiful. In a late examination abng the
river, at a bare part of the bank, where it is exposed for
two hundred feet, there was observed to be in one of the
lower strata of the rocks, of several feet in width, a dark
Btrcak, much resembling lead or coal. It may be neither;
but the careful examination along the borders of the river,
will undoubtedly lead to some interesting results.

MISCELLANEOT'S NOTICES.

Mmeral spociiiims.

MINERAL SrECIMENS.

249

eral re-
a great
or such
f to the
e forra-
)orhood,
k Slate
devoted
known
eulphii-
illaceous
lecimens
go lump
d wnler
ni is also
bug the
)08ed for
10 of the
1, a dark
neither;
he river,

Large quantities of beautiful fipecimens have often been
found, or broken out of the rocks, around the Falls. Many
of them arc olfored for tale to visitors. Some of them are
very valuable.

Niagara Ftdla has also become a mart for canes and In-
dian curiosities; moccasins, worked with beads and porcu-
pine quills; Indian work pockets, needle cases, war clubs,
bark canoeSj maple sugar in fancy boxes ornamented with
quills, &,c.

JOHN DOWNING, AND THE WHIRLPOOL.

** He lives ! from out the wliirlpool's depths,
From out a wat'ry grave !"

This is not the celebrated Jack Downing, but may be
a remote relative of the family; however, he performed
a voyage which the navigator of the Two Follies would
hardly attempt. In 1811, Mr. Downing, with others,
was cutting cedar posts at the Whirlpool, on the British
Bide, for palisades at Fort George. Th.oy were made into
small raft«, and set adrift where the current passes out
from the Whirlpool, and were afterwards picked up in the
m^r between Queenston and the Fort. While he waa
nxing soitisihing on one of the rafts, the end lying on the

250

IMISCELLAVEOUS NOTICES.

Dcall'i ofDoci. Iliiiiycrroril.

Bbore, it flipped into llir wntcr, niul before his compniiiona
could help him, he wnH cnrricd out of (heir rench. Slowly
the rnfl receded from Ihe nhore, ])nfising up the sfrenm. It
remniiied in Ihe Whirlpool nnd eddies, for nenrly hiilf ndfiy,
but wiiR not drnwii into \hc priricipnl vorlex. At lenglh,
Ihe rnfl \vn:s thrown t-o near the shore, Ihnt his compniiiona
renehiMl out to him n long pol;', on which JNIr. D. seized
nnd e8cnp(>d from his perilous, situntion.

113 pnid that he wna cnrricd round with his rnft Bcvcnty
times. A\ one linu; ho wn.^ on the outer circle of n whirl-
pool whicli des!cend!:d to th:' c'Mitre nt IvnM thirty feet.
Tlu re hi' thought he eliould !)(> engulphed, nnd he consid-
ered d:'nth as eertnin, in an instant; but very fortunately,
nnd singularly, his raiY was Firurk wilU a current which
carried it in n contrary direction, and iuinlly brought it to
within n few feet of the bhorc.

DEATH OF DOCT. IIUXGERFORD.

i
li

"OIkIchiIi! plern tyrnnt of our flectins; hours,
III tlionsMiiil slitipes ilioii trifk'st lliiiie aiuic powers ;
V<)u;li, uiaiiliooil. asiP, are all alike to tlire ;
Creation IjcikIs Ijciiealli thy s:crn decree."

Mnny narrow eacnpcs, nnd runny end and serious acci-
dents hnve occurred nround the Falls; but at length it has
become the pninful duty of the nnnnlist to record nil inci-
dent of n new nnd fatal charncter. Since the first discov-
ery of these profoundly interesting yet fearful scenes,
visitors have with impunity rambled above and bcnouth

MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.

251

Dcailj of Doct. llungcrford.

the overhanging rocks; and though the danger was evi-
dent to the eye, no accident had happened, no event had
taken place to warn Ihem of the hazard to wliich they
were exposed.

About ten o'clock in the forenoon of the twenty-seventh
of May, 18:^!), Doctor IJungerford, of Troy, N. Y. with
Mr. Nile, of Columbus, O. and Mr. Lindecy, their guide,
were viewing the river and Falls, near Ingrahani's cave,
below the point of Iris island. Doct. Ilungerford was
standing between the guide and Mr. Nile. After looking
awhile upon the eccne, the guide concluded that all had
been seen at that point interesting to the travellers, and
remarked that they would now go to another place. At
that instant, he saw the air fdled with earth and falling
stones; all endeavored to spring aside. Doct. Ilungerford
fell. Mr. Lindsey immediately raised him, and, with the
assistance of Mr. Nile, bore him to a more secure place.
They were not at liret aM'are of the fatal injury he had
received. The rocks had struck him on the back of the
head, and on hie neck and shoulders. He breathed but a
few times, and expired without a groan or the least con-
vulsive motion. Mr. Lindsey, too, received several severe
contusions, and had his coat and pantaloons torn, but did
not notice his own bruises until some time after.

About half an hour before, the party had been standing
on the edge of the bank immediately above the spot where
Doct. Hungerford met his death. While there, he was
engaged in taking notes of the scene in his memorandum
book; and, the last words he wrote were —

** I fear not, I dread not. though cataracts oppose,
The rocks that support nie I'll feud us my foes."
21*

252

MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.

An nrlvcntiiro iiiiioni; Uio UapiilH.

It is not vvi>iul('rfiil tbnt this find nccidont bIiouUI have
happened ; hut centuries may roll awny, nnd thousands
and tens of tlioupands of inchvidunls pass and repass in
safely, as they htive done, hcfore sueh unolher melaneholy
disabter is n-rain witiu's-ied.

AN AUVENTLIIE A3I0N(J THE JIAPIDS.

" Tic colIoctoJ -,
No more niii;./.iMiioiit ; tell yoiir pitcouH hc.-irt
There's no liarmdone."

On the twenty-fifth of July, 1830, an occurrence hap-
pened at the Fnll8, of Sfcat drauialic elli'ct, and of much
anxiety and inlereet to the actors, as well as to those who
were lookers on.

The trrcat rapids which pass down the American side,
between the main shore and among the islandi?, that lead
directly to the Falls, have ever been beheld with aston-
ishment and awe. Upon the bridge which spans this
impetuous stream, two men were at work, Myron Chapin
and Wdlinm Murray. A plank accidentally fell in the
water on the upper side of the bridge; Chapin was struck
by one end, and thrown in. To say the water here rune
like a mill-race, conveys but a slight idea of its raging
violence. Murray misbed his companion, but while he
was for a moment wondering in his mind at his sudden
disappearance, he cast his eyes over the side of the bridge,
and Buw him Btruggling in the water, which wns bearing

MISCKLLANEOUS NOTICES.

Cliit|iin in tiic riipidn.

253

him rapidly alonf? to Iho ontarncf. The day was boaiiliful,
the air was gently undulated by the dafihiiifr water?, and
poseeesed all tlu)8<; refreBhing and bracing powers for which
the Niagara alniowphere has bcconu' so much esteemed.
A great number of visitors were aroinul the island, and
several were passing on the briduc A man contending
with the driving tovrcnl, pitching over descending ridge.s,
■ and rolling hendlong towards the FailH, was to them a
Budden atul fearfid night. (Quicker than the cry of ' lire!'
the wordri (l(,'\v, " a num in oil' the bridge, io the ra[)id8,
going over the FuHh!" It fell like a i-liock on the ear,
and all hurried to witnees a fellow being in Kuch a dread-
ful extremity; to see his agony; his struiigle for life; his
looks of despair on that terrific verge; and the j)Iange into
the deep and foaming abyrs.s. The eyes of all, a.^ they
assembled, became rivctted upon him, as he vainly eon-
tended against the powerful billows whicli were bearing
him along to destrnction, apparently so inevitable. It
was a spectacle of thrilling interest and anxiety to the
beholders. The raging waters dnslied resistlcssiy along, and
the Falls roared their hoarae and hollow moan, aa he was
forced over the dceeending steps, and every moment
neared him to his fiite. A small island lay at the left of
his downward course, and a rny of hope arose that he
might reach it. It was evident that he was struggling
for that isolated spot. A moment more and he will reach
the island, or pass on to that terrific plunge — it was a
moment of suspense, in which the fate of a fellow being
would be determined for life or death. He gained it —
he rose from the water, and stood forth aa one escaped
from destruction, This isle is about twenty feet wide

254

MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.

C'liapin reacheH an isliiiid.

and about thirty feet long, and is eight or ten rods above
the sheet of fnlhiig water: a fiiimll bul (h-ep channel runs
between it and the next island; the foot of man had never
before pressed upon its turf, or trod upon its rocks. Tho'
many iiad dared to venture in the nuist dangerous places
among the rapidi, yet this island had remained unvisitcd,
and was considered inaccessible. There, on that lonely
(spol, cut off from his fellow men; what could be done for
his relief?

An hour or more intervened; a snuill boat was got from
Canada; but who was to attempt that dangerous luiviga-
tion. Joel 11. llobinson, sjjoken of in another })art of
this work as a moat skilful waterman, and which had been
written of him six months before this occurrence, had
lately met with an accident. His thund), and a part of
his hand, had been tnk(>n off by a circular saw, and the
wound was yet in an unsound t-tate. He was found, the
disaster hastily related to him; and he jiroved true tho
words which had been spoken of him in relation to his
going over the Whirlpool in a life boat: "He will not
hesitate to attempt it."

He enters the boat at the lower end of Bath island;
examines with a careful eye the oars and the condition of
the row-locks, and seating himself in the usual position,
with his back to the prov.' of the boat, he shoves off into
the white and foaming waters. He bends his way against
the strong current around tho ieland to the northwest
corner, leading to the Falls: it descends stern foremost;
the eyes of Robinson are upon the raging stream, on the
Falls, the island, and on him to whose relief he is going.
From the time Chapin was precipitated in the water to

MISCELLANEOUS NOTrCF.S.

Holiiiisnn jrops to his rcsciio.

255

bis roncbiiifr iho islaiid, a f.vv minutcB only IratiHpirocl.
It was not 80 wifli Uobinpon: in llial fitronj; and bounding
flood he (loscondcd slowly. JIo niad(! true the language
oflbepocl: bo " wantoned with tljo hillowe." At times
be eat composedly in liie boal, but sligblly skimming iho
water; nl olhor linuB h(> wouhl throw out all hi« powers,
to wrestle with the driving Biirgep. When be bad descend-
ed a pcrp(.ndc\iiar pitch, he would for a moment repose on
bis oars, and bin ' );it would statul spell-hound, as if
fhained to the spot, or a,^ if waiting his further bidding.
Thus leisurely ho descends, the spectators beholding bis
progress in breathlops solieitude. The wile of Chapin too,
bad arrived, and her heart beat with interiPO anguish, as
she witnessed the attempt which was making to relieve
ber husband.

At length, after about llfteen minutes, bo nears the
isle; to reach it ho springs into the water; the force of
the current prostrates bim; tho boat slips from bis hold
and passes on; the aspiration dies upon the lips of the be-
bolders, '' ho js gone!" *' ho is ^,)^■t!" In an instant be
rises, j)lunge8 at the boat, seizes it, bounds into the seat,
looks collectively arouiuJ, deliberately takes the oars, dips
them in tho water, and in a moment more, boat and boat-
man have pni-Tr^ed from fight in tho rear of the island.
Whether be had landed, or whether the current had swept
him down, was uncertain. Not long was the suspense.
In r ^v\v minutes he was observed upon tho \u\> of the
highest tree, and severing tho topmost branch, be waved
it in the air; while the excited multitude answered in
loud and repeated cheers. Before Robinson had mounted
tho tree, Chapin had met and embraced bis debverer

•t|

250

MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.

'J'lirir siif«* rclurn.

After socuring minr hnitichcs of llic <n>0H uiul other mc-
morinls of the it-Iaiul, they eiiibrnk in [■. o l>'>nt. llol)inson
docs not tnke the wuno eonrso l)fick that he rnnic; but ono
obliquely neroHS the river, jn sing through the riuule t
divide the ib^lnntU that lie north of Iris island, and just
nbove the Falls. It wan a most perilous and dillleult nav-
igation: but the inlands hid them from view nearly tho
whole distance. The niuUitudc receive them with exul-
ting cheert! on Iris ihlaiul; tli;^ wife of Chapin rushes for-
ward to embrace her re.-(;ue(l hui hand; Robinson diKtributes
to the assembly the branches of evergreens which he had
lorn from tho island; a spontaneous collection is made for
him, and he and Cbai)in being placed in the boat, they
are triumphantly carried on the shoulders of the i)Cople
across the bridge to the mam shore; and what was begun
in danger and imminent hazard of life, is concluded in
hilarity and joy.

The small it^land on which Chapin landed has, by gen-
eral consent, received the name of Chapin's island. Tho
next island lying southwest of it, and which is larger, has
long been known by the name of Robinson's island, he
having visited it in JH.*??, in company with Capt. Kowa-
lewski, who planted the Tolisih Hag on its extreme western
point above the Falls.

MISr K !.t A N EOU8 NOTK; KH .

257

CliroiK 'ogifiil I'iil)!'

CHKONOLO(JICAL TAULE.

107H.
1079.

1711.
1712.

171-2.
17 J!).

1770.
17!r>.

1801.

18Uj.

1^10.
IHIl.
ISl'i.

IHi:}.

1814.
1817.

1818.

IS'20.
182-2.
1825.

First nufliftitic notir'' of tlip I'mIIs.

Tlify won' visilcl In TiUlicr llnmrpiii.

Stockade Fort built hy iJc lii Halle, on Ihr, present site of Fort

Niajrar't.
Fiarliest dale foiiMd on tlie rocks at Ihe Falls.
A pari of ilie Tusearora trilie of Indians etnigrated from

rarolina.
Inirli'-sl date found on the iri-es on Iris Island.
Hatlle of the Devil's Hole. Fort NiaLMra taken from tho

French. French N'esseis hurnt at IJuriil Ship Creek.
f:o:iis pl.ice.l oil iris Island, hy Mr. Siednian, an lOiifjlishnuui.
A shoi'k of an eanlKinake at N'iaiiara I'^ills.
I'ort Mairara ''Miveied up to the Ainencans. The IJritisli

inhalii!ants n.tvc to ("iinada. At this time there was hut

one white fauiilv , e\<'liisive of those at Fort Niagara and

Sildosser, in the territory that now forms the county of

IS'itiyara-
Vlllatre of I,ewi>!oM surveye I out.
'J'Jie mile reserve, a strip of one mile ulonii Hie Niiiirara river,

from l-'iiri i\'ia<,'ara to Hiitfilo, sold hy the Slate of Xew-

^'ork, at ii puhlic sale, at Alliany. Ai'mustus I'orier, FiSi].

peules lie ir the I'alN, and lays out ^laneliester, aficrwarda

iNia!j:ara Falls \illatre.
IMr. Valeniiiie and aiiother person mi over the Falls,
.loliii Dowtiiii;,' dnt'is out in Ihe Wliirlpool, and gcta out safoi
Oclolier J"}. IJallle of t^eeiiston.
May -27. IJalllc of P'ort (ieorire.
.Inne.i. HattleofSionyCreek.
.Iune24. IJattle of IJe.iVer Dams.
JJec. 1!). Tiie British lake l-'ort Niasrara hy surprise, burn all

the frontier villag'-s, and lay waste and depopulate tiie

country.
July (I. IJaltle of Chippewa.
.Inly '2,3. IJattle of hiindy's Lane.
First liridtre hiiili lo Iris Island, and was the next winter cnr-

ried off ity the ice
Second hridire to tiie Island, huilt lower down than the first.

A |)orti()ii of 'ra!)le Uock falls, with much noise. Uen. P.

Whiiney luiilils the first stairs down the bank, establishes

the first ferry.
Two men, in a scow, sro over the Fallsi.
Two men, from (jlran<l island, go over the Falls.
William Chambers and another man, in a canoe, go over tho

Falls. Cave discovered by Mr. Catlin, which bears his

name.

f * V

258

MISCELLANEOUS NpTICEri.

lJhr()noloj,'i('.iI Tahlr.

1827.

1828.

1829.

18;]2.

1834.

18.3.').
1830.

i 1637.

18.18.
Ic31).

1840.

A vcssrl, (viIIp I ilic iMuliiguii, will) iiniiiiiilH uii hoard, is sent
ovrr llic Fulls.

Aiioitipr poriioii of Tulilo Uock fulh; and in I lie same year,
isrvpr.il lAt'/c pioi'ps of llif roik coiiiposiiitj llic Horse .Shoe
Fall.

lliddl*' Siairciisc Imilt. Srliooiicr Superior scri( over tlio
I'^ills. !S;iiii, I'alcli jiiiiips luicc tVoin a plalforia erected
helow the hank. Aiioilier jiari of Tahle Kock falls.

June 10. I'raiiciH Ahlioli drowiieil while halliii)<r.

A canal ho it dril's a<•ro.s:^ the river. ('Iiolera prevails through
the comi ry ; no c'lsrs ai Xiajrara i"'alls v.llaye.

July I.'). .Mr. IJeny il.ll White and .Mr. Cieorgc Sims first
eater Inirrahani's L'ave.

IMay Jl». A man \v;Mit over the Falh.

(jireal speculaiion in r>'al estate. Two men in a skirt', 20 over
the Falls. Carstirsi comnienre running on the IJii'falo and
Niagara Falls raiiroad. Alexander L'oes over the hank.

Cars commence running; on the liockpon and Niatrara Fall.<»
and liewision railroads. Dec. "i'J. rtieandjoat Caroline cut
out from Schtosser, and l.urnt.

Dec. 11. C^ajitain Islier, al .Sireel's Point, assassinated.

Fch. ID. Pavilion Hotel hnrnt. .May 'i? Doctor llnngerford,
of Troy, killed ne ir in;iraliam'.s (^ave, hy some falling
rocks, wli Isl viewing the Falls. .Inly 2.). Itohinson res-
cued Chapii from the islaml. r»ept. Episi;oi)al Church
burnt ne;ir Chi]ip"\va, hy incendiaries.

April 17. Urock's iMouunAMU hlowu up hy incendiaries.

DISTANCES.

From the Cataract Hotel and Engle Tavern to the

top oi" the bank at the ferry, .... 100 rods.

Thence to the water, ........ 25 '*

The river, at the ferry, is in width, .... 56 **

From the water's edge to the top of the bank, in

Canada, 96 "

Thence to the Clifton House, 10 "

(/.