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Ori bet the sioi oth firsi sioi or The sha TIIM whi Mai ditf( enti begl righ reqi met 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library of the Public Archives of Canada The images appearing here are the best qualit/ possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -^ (meaning "CON- TIIMUED"). or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. 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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film^s en commengant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ►signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN ". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film^s & des ta.fx de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film6 d partir de i'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 I < i' I ^ ':^ A N HISTORICAL JOURNAL OF THE CAMPAIGNS in NORTH-AMERICA. ■K FOR The Y E A R S 1757, 1758, 1759, and 1760: CONTAINING The Mofl Remarkable Occurrences of that PERIOD; PARTICULARLY The Two SIEGES of Q^U E B E C, &c. &c. THE Orders of the ADMIRALS and GENERAL OFFICER Si Defcriptions of the Countries where the Author has ferved, with their Forts and Garrifons ; their C'Hmates, Soil, Produce ; AND A Regular D I A R Y of the WEATHER. AS ALSO Several iManifesto's, a Ma The French Orders and Di ndate of the late Bishop of CANADA; sposiTioN for the Defence of the Colony, &c. &c. Sec. B Y Captain JOHN KNOX. Dedicated by PERMISSION To Lieutenant - General Sir JEFFERY AMHERST. Ne quid faljt d'ucre atideat, ne quid vev'i non audcat. V O L I. LONDON: Printed for the AUTHOR; AND SOLD BY ^V^ Johnston, in Ludgate-Strf.et ; and J. Dodsley, i\ Pai.l-Mai.l. M DCC LXIX. A m '^=*v. ?w_> ^, ' ^ ■") !k . li T O Sir J E F F E R Y AMHERST, K N I G H T of the Honourable and Military Order of the B AT H, C O L O N E L of the Third and Sixtieth Regiments of I N F A N T R Y, LIEUTENANT-GENERAL in the Armv, AND Late Commander in Chief of All His Majesty's Troops and Forces in North-America, This W O R K is Infcribed, with great Refpedt. B Y City of Glouceftcr, May 10, 1769. His Much Obliged, and Moft Obedient Servant, JOHN KNOX. If m ^l 1 5 I't tv] INTRODUCTION. ACCOUNTS of tranfaaions, in which the Writer has borne any part, are generally drawn with fo evident a defign of making him " Th Heroe of the Tale^' that they have been called in the juft feverity of wit, " The Hiftories " of Maris Importance in his own Eyesr Alarmed at a prepofleffion fo dangerous, I have thus long fupprefled the following work, writt : moftly at the time, and finifhed almoft as foon as the events it contains. But upon cooler refleaion, confcious innocence of a felf fuffi- ciency fo juftly difgufting, and from all pretenfions to which I was precluded by my fituation, has encouraged me to lay it now before the Public. The [vi] The end propofed, at leaft profeffedly, by all publica- tions, is InJlruSiion^ or Entertainment, That I have any profped of affording either, by a recital of fads, fo recent as to be univerfally known, may poflibly be a qucHion with many. But the anfwer is ready. Though the fads, here recited, are known now, how long will that knowledge con- tinue, if they are trufted meerly to memory ? — And as fo much time has pafTcd without producing any other attempt to record them, why Qiould I not offer this of mine? — Inftead, therefore, of giving up my hopes of attaining either of thefe ends, I honeftly own my ambition afpires to both. 1 hope to afford the moil fublime of all entertain- ments to the generous mind, by placing before him pad fcenes of glory, in which he has either fhared perfonally, or fhall fliare in the review, by patriotic fympathy : and the nioft profitable iiiftrudion which hiftory can give, by fhew- ing the fleps which have led to fuccefsj the true advantage of experience. We know to ad, by knowing how others, in like fituations, have aded before us. In a detail, like this, there mull: unavoidably be feveral particulars, which at iirR view may pofTibly appear to many to be equally uiuieceilary, and uncntertaining: fuch for in- fiance as, T^ue Orders to the troops for Joreig?i fervice. — Their employ incnt in the City^ and Garrifo?i of Corke^ before they anharhd. — Occurrences in Nova Scotia. — Objervations on tht the w- hey on the m the weather, — Sea diaries. — Field and Garrifon regulations, ^c, &'c. But upon better examination thefe alfo will be found not to want their ufe, and even entertainment. The young Officer will learn from them the duties of that command, to which he afpires: and the Veteran will be pleafed to fee due attention paid to Mifiuticu, the neceflity of which he knows. In the latter inftances, the nature of which admits not of cer- tainty, knowledge of what has been, will lead to a judgement of what may be. Nor are thefe advantages confined mcerly to men of military profeflion. livery brave man is naturally curious of the events of war. Britons^ in particular, muft be fond of knowing every circumftance that contributed to wreft the empire of North America from France,^ and add it to the Crown of their beloved Sovereign. To this great point of blending pleafure with profit, utile dulciy I found my pretenfions folely on the facred bafis of truth. Let fadts fpeak for themfelves, I reprefent them faithfully as they were. The praifes, therefore, which on a review of great adiions will irrefiftibly burft from an honed heart, cannot, muft not^^be imputed to any defign of flatter-- ing the illuftrious Adors. They are the debt of gratitude. They are no more than juftice, the inviolable laws of which would oblige me to reprehend with equal impartiality ; but to the immortal honour of all concerned, rarely, moft rarely indeed does any caufe of reprehenfion exadl that painful duty. Every [ viii ] Every other particular, in the execution of this under- taking, is fubmitted to candour, which will refledl, that the life of a foldicr has but little leifure for ftudy. — That the Flowers of Rhetoric feldom grow amid the thorns of War. The fcvcral occurrences, recited in the following work, which happened in the parts where I did not perfonally ferve, were communicated to me, by fome of the brave Officers prcfent, with whom 1 had the honour of correfpoiitl- ing; and on whofe judgement and veracity I could depend. But my principal debts of information are due to General Sir yeffery Amberjl^ Colonel A7nherfi^ and General Willicun' fo?2y of the Royal Artillery^ for the orderly books^ and authen- tic accounts of different events, with v, Inch they condclccnd- ingly affiiled me, to compleat this work. Nor mufl I leave out of the lift of my creditors, my moft efteemed friend '^yoh?i Knox^ tfq; for the valuable maiiufcripts, and verbal remarks he communicated to mc, at Montreal^ in Septem- ber 1760, at the memorable juiidioii or the three armies. '•\\ All the Orders^ and TranfaSiions^ on the fide of ^ebec^ under General Wolfe\ and, after liis lamented lofs, under General Murray^ in that and the following year, in the progrcls ot our conquefts, from the capital up to Montreal, '* Was a Captain in the army, made the campaignn on the Inkes, and retired at the con- ».luhon of the war: he hii now Collcdtor of Excile in Dublin. are I [ix] are given from my own pcrfonal knowledge, or tliat of Officers of fuch approved worth and virtue, that I can fafely flake my reputation on their veracity. N. B. In order to enliven a Narrative of meer Fads, I have occafionally interfperfed remarks on the foil, pro- duce, and climates of the different countries, particu- larly of Nova Scotia^ which will be found under date of the 1 2th oi May, 1759. — As will alfo the defcrip- tion of Canada ^ in the latter part of the fecond volume, after the account of the redudion and furrender of that province to the Crown of Great Britain, N.B. IVith regard to ivhat is mentioned on Page 132, touching the Want of a Regulation of Pojis, Pojiage^ and the Conveyance of Letters to the Troops ^ in different Parts of Britijh America ; the Author has the Plcafure to obferve^ there is now no farther Room for Complaints on this Head. LIST arfc u ^11 ^! ■I O F SUBSCRIBERS, IJis Royal Highnefs William-Henry, Duke of Gloucester. His Serene Highnefs George, Prince of Mecklenburgh. jyjRS. Augufta Webber, City of Cork. Mrs. Ann Daunt, Gurtigrenan, County of Cork. Mrs. Dobfon, City of Gloucefter. Mrs. Sarah Farley, City of Briftol. Mrs. Mary Catharine Chillcott, City of Cork. Mrs. Mary Warren, Warren's-court, County of Cork. Mifs Maria Anderfon, Taunton, Somerfet- fhire. Mils Sarah Langton, Younghall, County of Cork. Mifs Norton, London. (^APTAIN William Abdy. Francis Addcrly, Efq; of the 52d Regi- ment of Infantry. Mr. George Alexander, London. Honourable Captain Allen, Dublin. Lieutyiant-Gcncral Sir JefFery Amhcrft, K. B. London. Colonel William Amherft, M. P. London. Honourable Richard Annefley, Efqj at N*' 5, King's Bench-walks, London. Thomas Apperley, Efqj London. B. Mr. Phineas Bagnell, City of Cork. Lieutenant William Ball, of Marines. Lieutenant-Colonel Barlow, of the 6ift Re- giment of Infantry. Right Hon. Lord Barrington, &c. &c. Thomas Bathurft, Efq; Sidney Park, Glou- cefterftiire. His Grace John, Duke of Bedford. lA 2 Mr. ^ !l(l! LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Ml -itj;' Mr. Thomas Bell, London. Right Hon. Ralph, Lord Bellifle, &c. Ire- land. Mr. Phillip Bennct, City of Cork. Paul Benfon, Efq; City of Coik. James Benfon, Efq; Dodlors Commons, London. Lieutenant - Colonel Rudolph Bentinck, of the ift or Royal Regiment of Infantry. John Berns, Efq; Throgmorton-ftreet, Lon- don.. Lieutenant Henry Bird. Samuel Blackwell, Efq; William's- trip, Glou- cefterfhire. Right Hon. Lord Blayney, &c. Ireland. John Boland, Efq; City of Cork. Thomas Crawley Bovey, Efq; Flaxley,^Glou- cefterOiire. Thomas Bowdler, Efq; near Bath, Somerfet- (hire. Dr. Will. Boyce, Kenfington Gore, London. Colonel Robert Boyd» of the 39th Regiment of Infantry. Enftgn St. Lawrence Boyd, of the 38th Re- ginaent of Infantry. Thomas Brand, Efq; F. R. S> Mr. Noblet Breton, City of Cork. Launcelote Brown, jun. Efq; Univerflty Col- lege, Oxford. Honourable Colonel Brudenel], London. Major General Ralph Burton. Leonard Buxton, El'q; County of Norfolk. George Byng, Efq; M. P. London. C. Mr. John Cade, Dublin, two Sets. John Caillaud, Efq; London. Reverend Henry Candler, D. D. Loixfon. John Carleton, Efq; Woodfide, County of Cork. Columbine Lee Carre, Efq; Merrion-flreet* Dublin. Mr. John Carter, London. Right Hon. Lord Frederick Cavendifli, M. P. London. Reverend Cholurch, D. D. Right Hon. John, Earl Clanricard, two Sets, Jafper Clutterbuck, Efq; Kingftanly, Glou- cefterfhire. Mr. Jofeph Coghlan, City of Briftol. William Congreve, Efq; of Shrewfljury. ArthurConron, Efq; Leicefter- fields, London. David Conyngham, Efq; Belfaft. Reverend Samuel Cooper, Chaplain to the 19th Regiment of Infantry, Brook, Coun^ of Norfolk. Colonel Eyre Coote,. M. P. London. Maurice Copinger, Efq; M. P. Dublin. Right Hon. Charles Earl Cornwallis, &c. Colonel Cuninghame,. Adjutant-General, M. P. Ireland. Waddel Cunningham, Efq; Belfaft. Thomas Colborne, Efqj Highgate. Richard Cox, Efq; D. Charles Dartiquenave, Efq; London. Samuel Dafhwood, Efq; London. Thomas Daunt, Efq; Owlpen, Gloucefter- fhire. Henry Davidfon, Efq; Poland-flrect, Lon- don. Thomas Dawfbn, Efq;, Berwic-ftreet, Soho, London. Mr. Charles dc !a Fofle, Mafter of Richmond School; Mr. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Mr. ! Mr. John Dennis, Woodhill, County of Cork. Mr. Samuel Dick, Merchant, Dublin. Mr. Peter D'Obree, St. Hilliers, Jerfcy. Reverend Oliver Dodd, KingVfort, County of Sligoe. John Port'. Dorman, Efq; Rapheen, County of Cork. Sir William Draper, K. B. &c. Clifton, near Briftol. Simon Dring, Efq; City of Cork. Major George Drummond, of the 33d Re- giment of Infantry. Nicholas Dunfcombe, £fq; Mount Defart, County of Cork. Henry Drummond, Efq; £. Right Hon. Lord Edgcumbe, &c. &c. John Ellis, Efq; Greenwich, County of Kent. Lieutenant General Ellifon. F. Mr. Magnus Falconer, Plymouth, Devon- fliire. Lieutenant-Colonel Faucitt, of the 3d Re- giment of Foot Guards. Mr. George Faulkner, Bookfeller, Dublin, three Sets. William Fergufon, Efq; M. D. St. Hilliers, Jerfey. Auguftus Fitzgerald, Efq; Dublin. Honourable Colonel Fitzroy, M P. London. Mr. William Frederick, Bookfeller, Bath, Somerfetfliire. Captain Chriftopher French, of the 22d Re- giment of Infantry. Major Henry Folliot, of the 18th Regiment of Infantry. G. Richard Gardiner, Efq; Swaffam, County of Norfolk. Captain Chich. Fort. Garflin, London. Herbert Gillman, Efq; Old Park, County of Cork. Lieutenant-Colonel John Godwin, of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. Captain John Gordon, of the 50th Regiment of Infantry. Robert Gordon, Efq; Surveyor-General of Munfter, Ireland. Mr. Edward Grace, London. Mod Noble Marquis of Granby, Field-Mar- (hal and Commander in Chief, &c. &c, &c. John Grant, Efq; Lieutenant-General, Sir John Griffin Griffin, K. B. &c. H. Colonel John Hale, of the 17th Regiment of Dragoons. Abraham Hake, Efq; London. Henry Hamilton, Efq; Pall-Mall, London. Mr. David Hamilton, City of Briftol. Peter Hancock, Efq; Twining, Gloucefter- ihire. George Hannington, Efq; Dungannon, in the County of Tyrone. Henry Winchcombe Hartley, Efq; Sodbury, Gloucefterfhire. Major-General Harvey, Adjutant-General, M. P. London. William Hawfkaw, Efq; Dublin. ' William Heath, Efqj Ade, County ot Nor-. folk. Mr. 1! ' i LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. tM "PI ill I' . Mr. Jofcph Hill, Excife Office, London. Edward Hooper, Efq; Lieutenant General Howard, M. P. &c. Honourable Colonel William Howe, M. P &c. Colonel William Hull, M, P. County of Cork. I. Captain Jackfon, of Marines. Demetrius James, ECq; City of Worcefler. John Jennings, Efq; City of Glouccfter. Captain Thomas Jennings, of the 30th Re- giment of Infantry. William Jcrningham, Efq; County of Nor- folk. John Johnftone, Efq; Governor of Charle- mount, Ireland. Captain Thomas Jones, late of the 72d Re- giment. Captain Albert Jones, late of the 96th Regi- ment. Lieutenant William Ivory, Norfolk Militia. K. Mr. Daniel Kendall, London. Honour.ibIe Major- General FTeppel, M. P. &c. 'i'homas Knight, Efq; Godmerfham, County of Kent. Thomas Knox, Efq; M. P. Dungannon, Ireland. Thomas Knox, jun. Efq; M. P. Dungan- non, Ireland. John Knox, Efq; Collector of Excife, Dublin. Ralph Knox, Efq; London. John Knox, Efq; Britain-ftreet, Dublin. Reverend Andrew Knox, Grange, County of Sligoe. William Knox, Efq; London. Mr. James Knox, Poland-ftrcet, London. George Knox, Efq; Sligoe. Reverend Henry Knox, Berkeley, Gloucefter- (hire. Thomas Knox, Efq; Drogheda, Ireland. L. St. John P. Lacy, Efq; Brook, County of Norfolk. Robert Lane, Efq; City of Cork. Right Hon. Lord George, Lennox, M. P. &c. Mr. Philip Lsrrier, Merchant, Jerfey. Charles Leflie, E(q; City of Cork. Lieutenant-Colonel Matthew Leflie, Eall- Indies. Robert Lindfay, Efq; Middle Temple, Lon- don. Moft Noble Marquis of Lothian, &c. &c. Daniel Lyfons, Efq; L. L. D. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. M. William M'Guire, Efq; Val. Rents, Lon- don. Arthur Mair, Efq; Mr. Griffith Maflcelyn, City of Briftol. John Monk Mafon, Efq; Dublin. Lieutenant-Colonel Eyre Mafley, of the 2ytb Regiment of Infantry. Mr. Diederich MeyerhofF, Merchant, City of Briftol. Right Hon. John Earl of Moira, &c. Ireland. , Captain Robert Molefworth, of the 38th Re- giment of Infaiitiy. Hon. If ■4 II LIST OF S U Hen. Major-General Monckton, London. Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Monejpenny, of the 56th Regiment of Infantry. Hon. Colonel Monfon, M. P. Mofl Noble Marquis of Monthermer, &c. Lieutenant - General Sir John Mordaunt, K. B. &c. Samuel More, Efq; London. Mr. Richard Morfon, London. B S C R I B E R S. George Piggott, Efq; County of Cork. Reverend Richard Piggott, City of Cork. Reverend Mr. Pitts, Reaor of Brickhill, {9 the County of Bucks. Sir George Pocock, K. B. &c. London. George Portis, Efq; Bclfaft, Ireland. James Portis, Efq; London, Lewis Pryfe, jun. Efq; Trinity College, Ox- ford. N. Albert Ncfbitt, Efq; Aldermanbury, London. John Nefbitt, Efqj Dublin. O. Mr. John Ogllvie, Condult-ftreet, London. Sir George Ofborn, Bart. M. P. P. Thomas Parker, Efq; Kerrigrohan County, Cork. Captain John Parr, of the 49th Regiment of Infantry. Mr. George Paterfon, London. Captain William Pawlet, late of the 97th Regiment. Mr. Richard Pember, Attorney at Lav/, in theCity ofGIoucefter. Right Hon. Henry Earl of Pembroke, &c. Mr. Cooper Penrofe, City of Cork. Right Hon. Hugh Earl Percy, &c. &c. Thomas Pering, Efq; London. William Perry, Efq; WoodrufF County, Tip. perary. Richard Perry, Efq; City of Cork. Conftantine Phipps, jun. Efq; City of Briftol. Major-General Pierfon, London. R. ■ -^ John Ready, Efq; Univerfity College, Oj^- ford. George Rhodes, Efq; Modbury, Devonfhire. Lieutenant-Colonel John Roberts, Taunton, Somerfetfhire, Captain S. W. Roberts, of the 13th Regi- ment of Infantry. Mr. Tobias Roche, City of Cork. Robert Rogers, Efq; Lota, County of Cork. Bailey Rogers, Efq; M. D. City of Cork. Robert Rogers, Efq; Afhgrove, County of Cork. Major-General Rufane, Southampton. S. Captain Sabine, of Marines. Mr. Abraham Saunders, Merchant, City of Gloucefter. Lieutenant-Colonel Scott, late of the 89th Regiment. Major-General John Severne, Shrewlbury. Mr. John Shaw, City of Briftol. Captain Thomas Simes, of theQijeen's Royal Regiment of Infantry. John Gait Smith, Efq; Belfaft, Ireland. John Smith, Efq^ City of Cork. Captaia Mi LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. !'J !1 •Hi; i Captain John Smyth, of Berwick. William Snow, Efq; City of Cork. Samuel Span, Efq; City of Briflol. Mr. Robert Stark, London. Mr. Benjamin Stephenfon, Fleet-ftrcet, Lon- don. Annefley Stewart, Efq; Ireland. Andrew Thomas Stewart, Efq; Ireland. Sir William Strachan, Bart. City of GIou- ccfter. Richard Strode, Efq; Buttcrford, Devonfhire. T. Richard Tonfon, Efq; M. P. County of Cork. Hon. Captain Henry Tracey, late of the 98th Regiment. Captain Thomas Trigge, of the 12th Regi- ment of Infantry. Reverend Jofiah Tucker, D. D. Dean of Gloucefter. U. V. Right Hon. Henry, Earl of ITxbridge, &c. Benjamin Vaughan, Efq; jun. London. John Vaughan, Efq; London. Arthur Villettes, Efq; Circus, Bath, Somer- fetfliire. W. Jofeph Wallace, Efq; Belfaft. William Wallace, jun. Efq; Belfaft. Colonel Hunt Walfh, of the 56th Regiment of Infantry. Mr Walfli, Surgeon, Panton-fquare, London. Henry Waring, Efq; Bangor, Ireland. Robert Warren, Efq; Warren't-court, inthf County of Cork. Thomas Webb, Efq; Old Caftle, Cork. Efq; City of Cork. Mr. Daniel Weight, ', Gloucefter- (hire. Edward Whitmore, Efq; City qf Worcefter. Daniel Wier, Efq; Temple, King's-Bench- Walks, London. John Henry Williams, Efq; City of GWu- cefter. Thomas Williams, Efq; Afligrove, County of Cork. Carre Williams, Efq; City of Cork. Major-General George Williamfon, of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. Captain Adam Williamfon, of the Corps of Engineers. Colonel Sir Armine Wodehoufc, Bart. Nor- folk Militia. Mr. Richard Wood, City of Gloucefter. Captain Elias Wrixon, of the 38ch Regimeat of Infantry. Robert Gorges Dobyns Yatc, Efqj Bromf- berrow, Gloucefterftiire. N. B. A Gentleman, who fubfcribed at the Printing-Oifice in Briftol, left his Ad- drefs on a fmall Piece of Paper, which has been, by Accident at that Houfe, miftaid; it is therefore hoped he will excufe the Omiftlon of his Name in this Lift : On his Application at the faid Office (and producing his Receipt) Books will be delivered to him. I A N [ I ] A N HISTORICAL JOURNAL OF THE CAMPAIGNS in NORTH-AMERICA, For the Years 1757; 1758; 1759; and 1760, &'c. &^c. A N S I R, ORDERS for Foreign Service. Dublin. f N obedience to the commands which the Earl of Rothes hath received from their Excellen- cies the Lords Jullices, it is his Lordfliip's orders, that Major-Gcneral Kennedy's regi- ^^■'&^:^'^'''['iit ment of foot, now under your command, do 4^vi.--:^c;' officer co.r.mana- ^^^^ CUNINGIIAML, « mg the 43(1 regiment or root «' atGalway. Adjt. General. (A true copy ) Cli. Crofbic, Lieut. Colonel. " To Lieutenant John Knox, or ofnccr commanding at Athcnry." Some time between the 5th and 1 2th inftant, the fifty-fifth re- giment, quartered at Galway, received orders, in like manner as the other fix, to march for Cork, and embark with us for foreign fervice. Thefe fcven regiments were all arrived at that city before the 26th infiant, where we found Colonel (now Lieut. General) Montague and his regiment; with whom, and under whofe com- mand, we did flridl garrifon duty until we embarked. The troops were fo well quartered and difpofed of, and fuch proper orders were given on the occafion, that no riots or difi:urbances happened in this populous city. We were fo long detained here by a feries of contrary winds, that the officers had fuflicient time to provide for their voyage and the expedition. This delay was alfo r!" fervice to us in another refpedl, as thereby the regiments, who had been for the mofl part feparated in cantonments, had an opportunity of difciplining B 2 thcmfelves. 3 J757- (.,ii'i:uv ;< ' , fii ■ ( i j I I .i 4 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ^757' thcmrdvcs, particularly their youii^ oiiiccrs and foldicrs. And here I cannot onut doing julHce to the Mayor, Sheriffs, and other magiflrates of the city of Cork, fcjr their great wilUom, jreal and acclivity at this jundure, not oiily in their regulation of tlie nv.ir- kets, hut of every other branch of the police ; inlbnuich, that there was not the leall fca rcity of any one article of the necciVa- lies of life, and the Itridell: harmony at the fame time fuhfillcd between the inhabitants and the troops. The merchants and other gentlemen of this great trading city likewife difplayed the moll confimimatc generoiity and humanity on this occafion ; on which •.dlb, the corporation dii'linguiflied themfclves in a fupcr-cminent degree ; for at the embarkation of the forces, all the foldicrs wives not being permitted to accompany their hulhands, pafles were p>ro- cured for them, and confiderable fums of money were raifed by voluntary fubfcriptions, to enable thole poor dirtrelfed women to return to their refpedive countries ; and fuch of the foldicrs chil- dren, as their mothers could be prevailed upon to part with, were happily provided for at the public * expencc. Having thus got upon a favorite topic, my regards for this flouridiing city, and its worthy inhabitants, flrongly induce me to recite many other circumftances greatly to the honour of both ; but as it is altogether foreign to the plan of this work, and left I ihould incur the imputation of partiality, fliall difmifs tlie fubjecft, * Upon future occafir.ns of tliis fort, foldicrs need not I'c under wnv apprchcurions libout the vvclfiire of their families, there being now in Ireland an efiabiiniinciit, intitlcd, •■' The Hibernian Society, for maintaining, educating, and apprenticing the Children " and Orphans of Sf.Iiiiers," which noble inftitution is fupported by an annual fub- kriptinn of one dav's fubfiftence from the army in that kingdom, as alio by the bounty and bcnefiiiSHons of the public ; and the parliament of Ireland have granted Thrcs ThoufanJ Pounds towards buiKling an hofpital for tluir reception; for which noble purpofc, His MajeRv has been gracioufly pleafcd to grant, by letters patent, three acies of ground in the Phoenix Park, near Dublin ; and the (jovernors have alremiy, in the ipacc of eighteen month?, extended the charity from twenty, to feventv boys, and thirty girls. Subfcriptions and beneia(^tions for this purpofc, arc received by al! tl;c Bankers ir. T.,ondon and Dublin, is'c. Wc, after I M .*ii Maicb. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. after obferving what ought, however, in juftice to be recorded ; — •* That, notwithllanding theconlklerable luiniber of men, both of the navy and army in this port, incrcafcd by a prudi^jious fleet of merch.intmen waiting for convoy, and Hill farther augmented by the intervention of a week's crowded aflizcs, during our abode here; yet (ivbich is equally rciiuirknhlc as it is matter ofj'adlj thefe made no alteration in the prices, as well of the neceflaries or conveniencies of life, as of a multiplicity of other articles, feldom demanded ex- cept by troops deftined for foreign fervice : the people of Cork equitably contenting themfelvcs with their cullomary moderate profits, and fenfibly conlidering (in contempt of what are ufually underdood by the tmjhries of trade') the great breach of the laws, of itrid juftice and honelly, in taking advantage of llrangcrs, and particularly of men, configncd to remote climes, to venture their lives in the common caufe, the defence of Britain, its dependencies, and commerce, ZSc. &c." This, I confefs from my own experience, is a rare inftancc of probity and exalted fentiments, as well as a noble example to other cities and towns in his Majefty's dominion?, where a contrary conduv!t is always moft infiitiably difplayed on iimi- lar occafions : the Inhabitants of thofe places being utterly regardlefs of that excellent precept of the IFiJ'e MaUy ** he that haileth (un- ivarrantablyj to be rich, hafleth to his own ruin." This day a large fleet appeared otT Kingfale, fuppofed to be thofe expedlcd to tranlport and convoy the troops, which arc under orders of embarkation for foreign fervice. This ir.orning Admiral Holbornc and Commodore Holmes, with 26th. a refpc(.'labic ucjt and a great number of Itorefliips, tranfports, ^c. &'l\ arrived ; and carnc to an anchor at the Cove of Cork. N. iL Major-Ccp.crals Hopfbn, and Lord Charles Hay, with Colonels Perry, Forbes, Lord Howe, and other oflicers belonging to the troop?, together \\ itli a detachment of the royal train of artillery, arrived \'-itIi this fleet from England: General Hopfon commands the embarkation. Here April 25th. hi !i| l^i HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Here follows a lift of this refpcdlable fleet, with that of tlic tranfports. Captains, Commanders, Wf. Adm. llolbornc, and Capt. Ilolbornc. Com. Holmes, and Capt. Cornwul. Captain Fowke. Captain IJciitlcy. Captain Collin.i. Captain Atnherll. Captain Sawyer. Captain Lord Colvillc. Captain Spry. Captain IJarndcy. Captain Kaird. Captain Parry. Captain Mantel!. Captain M'Kenzy. Captain . Otter floop, Captain Broadly 1 , Hawke ditto, Captain La Forey j ^ ^ S'^ " Furnace bomb. Captain Phillips. ♦ Light'ning fire-fhip. Captain Martin. * Km a-ground coming into harbour, but was foon got ofF, wiihout any damage. April. Llcre tollows a lilt t/, Ships Namci. 3 Newark Grafton -1 Bedford 3 Invincible * Terrible 3 Captain Nallau Northumberland 3 Orford 4 4 Tilbury Defiance 4 4 Kingfton Centurion 4 Sunderland 6 Portmahonc C c 3 (A n 3 8o 620 68 64 535 480 74 74 64 64 68 700 600 480 480 520 68 620 60 400 60 420 60 400 54 350 60 400 24 130 ■ill A lift n i [1 i III HISTORICAL JOURNAL. A lift of the tr.^nfports with their tonnage, and diflingufliing vanes. N. B. Commandiii/ ofHcers of regiments had a Swallow's-tail in the vanes of thofe Ihips in which they failed. »757- Api if Kcil, ai liic num. VVhuc, at tl.; n'ain BluL', ai tnc ttiie X.1.J, at Uic in. III! to',iniall litad. t" 17th 7c jiinall head. topmail head. topmail head Royal 2d llaitalV icoo Men. Tons Rtgiincni, Mtn. Ions 46.; 27th Rej;iint'nt, 700 Men. Toiu. 28th Regiment, 700 Men. J'llls 370 Concord in Conflant lane Anna 3n ivvchangc E.of Mades field "J7 Klizabcth ^3' Sukey 21 1 Britain 34? Fiicndfliip IT Two Brothers 2«3 Caplc 3<^9 Dragon 309 Ann and Mary H« Blakency '97 AniitysAfliltancc 446 Relblulion 238 Tlieodorick 107 Waliington 279 Rawltigh iHo Mary 218 Richmrnd 270 Fifliburne 242 Berry 244 St. Andrew 229 flaltic Merchant 20J I'rince of Wales 410 The Poe 20,- 2381 1701 1707 Total Total Total 1705 Total V.'hite, at the tore Blui', at the fore Red, at the ini/.en topinaft head. topmail head. topmail head. 43d Regiment, Ton^ 46th Regiment, Tons 55th Regiment, Tons 700 Men. 700 Men. 700 Men. 3-:') I'rue Britain 36c EfTex 602 Richard and Jane Neptune S«S John and Samuel 2^0 Ranger 3^0 Riciiard Sc Mary 2^2 Mediterranean 1S3 Tho*. and Mary 2,-6 Liberty 32q Ward 301 St. Ignatius 2iJ2 Brotherhood HS Fair American 199 Hopewell bucccA 26, Sharp 203 1704 Heron 182 1706 Rofe 220 1708 Total Total Total Total tonnage for 5100 men, is 12,612 tons*, but the allowance per man is various, according to the length of the voyage. Note. The Alderncy hofpital flilp was 503 tons, and this is ex- clufive of artillery, vidualling tranfports, and ilore fliips, which were numerous. The * There are two ways of furvcying a Hiip, to difcover its tonnage ; one is termed King's, and the other Carpenter's Meafure : for example, we will fuppofe the Iciigtli of the beam or main timber, which is atliwart the fhip under Iicr ci'ick, to be twenty llill lil lliU I I H'. ' 1 1 li .■• ^P. it ^1 Alay 2d. jjJ. 4th. and 5th. 6th. 7ih. fi'i. 9th. 2(nh. HISTORICAL journal; The troops were compleated by draughts from other regiments, muftered, and embarked in great fpiritsj together witli their bag- gage, ftorcs, &c. and this bufmefs was fo well condudled, that there w:.3 not the leaft c-onfulion or accident happened. The fleet and convoy fell down to the harbour's mouth, and came to an anchor : orders were iflued to be ready to fail at a mo- ment's warning. A reinforcement of three fliips of the line and a frigate arrived this morning early from England, in confequence of intelligence being received, that the enemy had put out a fleet of lixteen fail of the line to intercept us. We failed out of the harbour at four this morning with a fiir wind ; but it foon after veered about, and blew frpfli ; by which the fleet were feparated, and the Centurion ftruck upon the Tur- bet-bank. Perverfe wind to day, and our fleet much difperfed off Kingfale, though moflly in light : the Centurion got off the bank at the return of the tide, without any prejudice : in workinp- out yeflerday feveral of our great fliips and a few tranfports ran foul of each other, by which three of the former lofl: their heads, and a good deal of other damage was done in the fleet, but not fo conliderable as to retard their voyage. Our fleet kept well together until this day, when they feparated in a fog; bat the weather clearing up the day following, they were difcovercd a great way to leeward ; upon which the Admiral iliortened lail, and threw out fignals to keep together, and come one feet, and the length of her keel fifty feet, muUiply the one hy the other, und mul- tiply aa;ain by tight, which we will alfo fuppofe to be the depth of her hold; then thvide by ninety-five, and the product is the anfu'cr. This is called Carpenter's mea- furc, and only diiTcrs from the other, by multipl} ''n^ by ten and a half, being half the length of the beam, and the fuppofcd depth of her huld, and then proceed with the reft as before. ^ This example is only for a fmall coalling floop, larger veiTcls arc furvey- cd in like manner. down m;' 1:1^: M off i HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 9 down under his ftern. Nothing material happened in this fpace of i7S7- time, except giving chace to feveral itraggUng vcflcls ; and one floop was brought in, after a chace of near four hours ; this was on the 1 2th inftant, and the next day we encountered a dreadful llorni, which did confidcrable damage in the fleet, and difperfcd them for a few days. Laft night, and this morning, the wind was exceeding high, with zzl. thick foggy weather, and a very rough fea : — the fleet once more feparated, ami ive lojl them. About two o'clock P. M. we fpied a fail at a great diftance ftanding towards us, whereupon we fliewed our Admiralty colours, and flie then hoifted a Britifli flag, and came down under our flern to fpeak with us j flie was a merchantman bound to the Wefl-Indies, and had, with many others, rendevouzed at Cork for the benefit of convoy : we made reciprocal inquiries when either had fcen the fleet, and which way they flood ? The trader informed us, that he thought they fl:ood to the fouthward ; that, feeing fix or {tvzn f^iil in that quarter, he would follow them, and recommended the fame to us; but the Mafter of our tranfport, though an expert and experienced feaman, took a contrary mea- fure, and fteered northward, telling us he knew we were bound to Halifiix, that he had made the voyage frequently before, and was certain, by keeping that courfe, we were more likely to recover the fleet, but he proved mifliaken : for, a few days after, the Command- ing Oflicer, feeing no likelihood of rejoining them, infifled on the Ciptain's opening his fecret infl.ru(flions, which he and the rell of the tranfports had received at Cork; and, thinking it proper to tomply herewith, he perceived he was diredted, — " in cafe of fepa- ** ration by bad weather, ^c. to make the bell of his way to " Halifax, in Nova Scotia: which, at firft difcovery, he would find " to be a reddiih-coloured land; and alfo to keep well to the fouth- " ward in his eourfe." Notwithflanding thefe orders \\'cre pofi- live, he ventured to deviate from them, and continued his courfe to the northward. The truth I believe was, cur fliip was a letter Vol. L C of m h m I'Si (! ■'3 10 1757- May. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. of marque, and a ftout (though heavy) failor j mounted feven carriage guns (which Ihe could fight under cover) befides a great many fwivels, with plenty of ammunition j and his cabbin was well fur- niflied with fmall arms and cutlafTes ; he had a good number of able hands on board, and our detachment (including, however, a few women and children) amounted to about one hundred and forty perfons : therefore I believe the true motive, under thefc flattering circumftances, of our Captain's counterad.ing his orders, was the hopes he entertained of picking up a prize ; and our Commanding- Officer, fufpefting this to be the cafe, as he could not interfere in the failing of the ihip, or the bufinefs of its Mafter, gave orders for the foldiers arms to be flinted in readinefs, and a caik of am- munition to be laid in a handy place of fafety, where it might readily be come at, in cafe of necellity. There happened little re- markable in this voyage, except chacing feveral fail in our courfe, bringing to, and clearing (hip two or three times to fight, when we thought we might expedt refiftance ; but it fo turned out, that we neither met with enemy or prize. We faw every day great numbers of whales, grampuifes, and porpufles, together with va- riety of fea-fowl, particularly penguins, which were numerous; they are about the fize of young gecfc, have a thick fkin covered with fhort feathers refcmbling down, much valued for its exquifite foftnefs and and white colour; but they are not fufficiently fledged to take flight *; our attention, however, was more agreeably at- tradled by feveral mountainous iflands of ice, which, at a dillance, appeared to us, like land covered with fnow ; we perceived the air • In the northern parts of Europe, a penguin is larger than a fwan, and is cHeemed rfeliclous to eat : the aborigines of thofe countries convert their flcins into caps and hofe, which they ufually wear with the down or feathers outwards, except when hunting or Hiding in the winter, and then they turn them for warmth ; the women alfo border their (hort petticoats and other garments, by way of ornament, with flrips of the pen- quin's fkin ; in like manner as the females of more civilized nations do their cloaks, is?c. with different forts of fur> felt m. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. felt exceedingly cool, while they were in our neighbourhood ; and they were indeed remarkably curious ; it happened to be fine mo- derate weather when we came up with them, fo that we were not apprehenlivc of running foul of them ; one in particular was with- in lefs than a quarter of a mile of us, and, for my own part, 1 thought I fliould never have been tired with viewing it ; we computed it to be near a mile in length, and it did really appear like a barren mountain or rock, with a North- American winter's cloathing ; every eye fiw different beauties in this immenfe heap of ice, and one of the Officers had time to draw a fl<.etch of it with his pencil, there being little wind abroad ; and the view it made on paper was extremely grotefque and pleafing. At our arrival upon the banks of Newfoundland, we fpoke with a fiihing fchooner of New England, who informed us, that he heard fevcral French men of war and tranfports had arrived at Louilbourg near three weeks ago ; I remember we inquired of him what latitude we were in, for it was then, and had been for a few days, fuch foggy weather (endemial to all the North-American coafts) that we could not take an obfervation ; but the poor fimple fellow knew nothing of the matter, having neither quadrant, log, nor even a compafs on board; and told us, he did not know the ufe of them, for that the fifliermen of his country never troubled their heads about any thing more than an hour-tjlafs and a foundins: lead. The weather cleared up, and we fuv a large topfail veffel a-head, crouding all the luil flie could to come up with us;we hereupon once more cleared fliip, our men were quartered, and every thing was in readincfs for ac'tion ; they endeavoured to o-ct the wind of us, for, our foldicrs having white linings to their uniforms, and and their cloaths being turned outfide in, for clcanlinefs, accord- ing to the cullom of troops at ka, the Captain of the fiil con- cluded for a certainty, that we were a French tranfport bound to Louifoourg, and, had loft convoy j this fliip proved to be a MalTa- chuftt privateer, and having taken a prize the day before, which C 2 he 1 1 1757- June. 2 7t,l. 28th. Jill I I f m 'I I 12 1757- June. 19th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. he had fent into HaHfax, and there being at this time many of his prifoners in our view upon deck, drefled in bag- wigs and fliarp- cocked hats, we were for fome time as flrongly prepoflefled with a notion of his being an enemy ; and as he mounted twenty-two carriage guns, \vc concluded feme mifchief muft enfuc, though we ^v'cre one and all determined not to vilit Cape-Breton without the company of our friends who left Europe with us. As to his colours, though he fliewed us BritiHi, we paid no regard to them ; but, at length coming a little nearer, our Captain, fecming now fome- what dubious, hoillcd our Admiralty jack, and went forward with his trumpet, flill however keeping the wind of him, and haled him i the other foon put us out of fufpcnce by favouring us with his hirtiory, and accounting for the appearance of French men upon his deck ; then, inquiring if we were bound to Halifax, offered us his fervice to convoy and pilot us into the harbour : which we taking kindly, invited him to dine with us, and propofed hoifting our own boat for him at dinner-time ; but, the wind frefhening with a lumpy tumbling fea, we mutually agreed to poflpone the civility to another opportunity. In the afternoon we happily ef- caped running foul of the privateer, by the careleflhefs of his and our helmfmen : the American was immenfely terrified, and, in- flead of exerting himfdf as a Britifli tar would do in the like im- minent danger, fell upon his knees to pray ; whereupon the Cap- tain of our tranfport was obliged to give directions with his trumpet for the guidance of both fhips, till at length, by exerting the greateft adivity, we cleared him ; and this accident gave the New-England-man fuch a diflike to our company, that he bore away and left us. Fine weather with gentle breezes ; we came up with the pri- vateer again to-day, by his Shortening fail, to acquaint us what fleet that was we defcried at a great diflance on our larboard bow ; at firft we flattered ourfelves it might be Admiral Holborne and cur friends, from whom we had been feparated the 2 2d ultimo -, but i-'V i and HISTORICAL JOURNAL. but he informed us it was Sir Charles Hardy with the land forces under the Earl of Loudoun from New- York, and bound alfo to Halifax. Fair weather and little wind ; this morning we fell in with Sir Charles Hardy's fleet, which had very fortunately efcaped fall- ing into the hands of a much fuperior one of the enemy, that had cruikd in fearch of them for many days before, under the command cf Monfieur de Bcaufrement, who had very luckily Hieered ofi' to Louilhourg, in confequence of intelligence he had received from n filliing fchooner of Bofton, who had heard, and either thought it v,-as true, or wilhed it fo, — " that we had twenty fail of the Ihic and " a great number of land forces jufl: arrived from Europe, now " lying in Chebuifto harbour."* The fleet were doubtful whe- ther we belonged to them, though many of them thought they had not feen our lliip before : however, we took no notice of them, but flipt into the harbour in the crowd, and came to an anchor off the town of Haliiax, about the length of a mufket-fliot from (or as the failors fiy, ** nigh enough to chuck a bifcuit on") fliore. This voyage we performed in feven weeks and five days, and, though we had a good deal of rough, blowing weather, with thick fogs to four our pi.ffage, yet upon the whole we efteemed ourfelvcs peculiarly fortunate ; the duty of Chaplain was performed by an Oflicer, who read the fervice of the church every Sunday upon »7S7- June# 3oih. * This brings to my remrmbr-ince an almoft fimilar cafe that happened in the reign of Qiieen of Elizabeth, when Pi.il.'p the Second of Spain was bent upon the dertriiftion of England by his Invincible Armada; for an Englifli filherman, either through ignorance or defign, acquainted the enemy, that we, upon a report of the Spaniards being difabled by a ftorm from prouciiting their defign, had called home and laid up our fleet, and r'ifcharged our feamen ; whereupon the Dons, efleeming this a moft fortunate circum- ftance, determined, though contrary to their inArutSlions, to burn and deflroy all our fliips in harbour : but they no fooner appeared on our coafl, than the Englifli furprifed them, and gave them a complete overthrow, burning and deftroying fome fcores c.' their great unwieldy tubs, to the unfpeakable mortification of his Catholic Majtfty, and the rcll of the Roman Catholic powers of Eiuopc. deck. i i 4 \ :!! Sf I I I ■,!, H \7S7' Juoe. .•» i HISTORICAL JOURNAL. deck, when the weather permitted j and was very decently attended by the greatefl: part of the men and women on board : one circum- ftancc, however, though it may appear trifling, I cannot omit on this occafion : The Mafler of our (hip, who was a very fober moral man, always attended divine fervice witli great decorum, and anfwercd the refponfcs with much devotion ; but, if unfortu- nately (which was fometimes the cafe) the attention of the man at the helm was diverted from his duty, and confequently the fliip yawed in the wind, or perhaps was taken a-back, our fon of Neptune interrupted our prayers with fome of the ordinary pro- fane language of the common failors, which, immediately follow- ing a refponfe of the Litany, provoked fome of our people to laugh, feemingly againft their inclination ; while others remained fteady and attentive to their devotions, looking upon fuch uncouth interventions, though feafonable at that time, as the mere effeds of cuftom, and I am perfuaded they proceeded from no other motive. Upon our anchoring in Chebudto harbour, our Commanding Officer went a-fhore, and waited on his Excellency the Earl of Loudoun, who, v/ith Major- General Abercromby, expreffed great pleafure at our arrival, with the information they received of the licet and reinforcements we had parted with at feaj and his Lord- ihip faid, IVe Jtaid Jb long, he had almojl defp aired of us ; but, being allured our delay proceeded principally from an obftinate fet of contrary winds, that had retarded us in Ireland above two months after our arrival at the port of embarkation, his Lordfliip feemed pleafed.* * As the fate of the expedition to Louifbourg, this cnmpaign, depended in a great nieafure on the fpecdy faih'ng and juncHon of the fleet and forces fiom Kiirope with 'Jiofc of the Earl of Loudoun, it was for this reafon I judged it ncccfl'iry to commence this work with the firfl orders to the troops in Ireland to march and embark for foreign jlrvice : and it will thereby appear, that the carliefl nicafures were taken at home to forward this enterprizc, which without doubt would have fuccccdcd, if the rrrp-iment could have failed when firft intended, This HISTORICAL JOURNAL. This day the troops from New- York difembarked and iiicamped on a rough, barren, and rocky piece of ground, on the VV. N. W. fide of a fteep hill of a confiderable height, which covers the town of Halifax on that quarter; this new fettlement is on a declivity, on the oppofite fide, hanging like feats in a theatre, down to the water's edge j which view of the town from the river, with an incampment of the grenadiers from the 40th, 45th, and 47th regiments, formed on the hill clofe by the citadel above the town, together with the neighbouring verdant woods on every fide, and fome few buildings on George's ifland, (which is com- modioufly fituated for defence as well as ornament) aflfords one of the moft delightful profpeds that can poflibly be conceived. The troops in camp confift of the 22d, 42d, 44th, 48th, 2d and 4th battalions of the 6oth, or Royal Americans j their eftablifli- ment is one thoufand men each, with three fubaltern Officers, and four Serjeants per company. Mr. Coram is ordered to Louilbourg to reconnoitre the fleet and forces of the enemy. I was fent affiore in the afternoon, to mark out ground for our detachment to incamp on. This day the detachment of the 43d regiment difembarked, and incamped an the left of the ground occupied by the troops from New-York. Between this day and the ninth, our fleet arrived in difi'erent fqua- drons, being feparated off the land by fogs, and blowing weather j we have an account of the fudden death of the Colonel of the 55th regiment, in his voyage, on board the Grafton fhip of vvar. This day Admiral Holborne and Commodore Holmes arrived in the river, and were faluted by Sir Charles Hardy in the Notting- ham, and by the batteries from ihore ; the Newark and Grafton returned the falute. As fail as tranfports came in, the troops dif- embarked and incamped with the other fix regiments, without any regard to feniority, except that the Royal took the right of the whole i the train incamped on the eminence in the front and cen- ter »1 '757- ift. 2J, 3J. 1 0th, 'lit x6 I757-" July. II..;' nth. 1 2 th and J 3th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ter of tho line. His Majefty's (hip Windfor, and Granada bomb- ketch, arc juft arrived from England ; they brought in two prizes with them, loaded with ftores and provifions for Louifbourg and Quebec garrifons. Hitherto we had great variety of weather, with fudden tranfitions from heat to cold, high winds and heavy rains, with thunder and lightning, and almoft perpetual fogs. The troops are employed in clearing and levelling their camp, which to fomc of the regiments is a work of much difficulty, for the rude- nefs of the ground, by reafon of fwamps and immenfe rocks, is be- yond conception. This day the Commander in Chief reviewed a battalion of the Royal Americans : in the firings, a ball was difcharged from the center, which wounded one of his Lordfliip's orderly Serjeants in the arm, but, upon the ftridtefl fcrutiny, it appeared to be an acci- dent ; it is however remarkable, that an affair of the fame kind happened before, though not in this camp, as his Excellency was reviewing another battalion of this corps, by which a Lieutenant was killed, who flood very near to his Lordfliip. The fcveral corps of Officers pay their compliments, alternately, to the Commander in Chief. We have had mofl violent rains, with thunder and lightning, which renders our camp very uncomfortable. A body of rangers, under the command of Captain Rogers, who arrived with the other troops from the fouthward, march out every day to fcour the country ; thefe light troops have, at prefent, no particular uniform, only they wear their cloaths fliort, and are armed with a firelock, tomahock, or fmall hatchet, and a fcalping knife; a bullock's horn full of powder hangs under their right arm, by a belt from the left (houlderj and a leathern, or feal's f!dn bag, buckled round their waift, which hangs down before, contains bullets, and a fmaller fliot, of the fize of full-grown peas : fix or feven of which, with d ; and their Officers ufually carry a fmall a ball, they generally i^ P. a comp afs € 1»' I 'S .■Ji"-J HISTORICAL JOURNAL. compafs fixed in the bottoms of their powder-horns, by which to dires'tt 3^'. Vih. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. and fome ammunition were loil. The tranfports at this embar- kation are much more crowded than they were at leaving Europe, on account of fome veflels being difchargf,d, and others employed in carrying fafcines, gabions, flat-boats, with other ftores, for the ex- pedition. The ftateof the regiments as they embarked, viz. Royal, 700 rank and file only, having been very fickly ; the other fix regi- ments, who came lafl from Europe, at 668 each; and the fix re- giments from New-York, at 980 each; which, together with the detachment of 700 from the 40th, 45th, and 47th regiments, amount (exclufive of the artillery-men, marines, und 500 rangers) to 1 1288 cffcd:ives : hence it appears, that, fince this army lafl embarked at their refpc(ftive ports, if they were then aiflually complete, have have fuffered by licknefs, &c, and perhaps a few by deaths, to the amount of 612 men. Orders are iffued to the Maflers of tranfports to be particularly careful of their wood and water, and, according as either is con- fumed, to have it replaced from fliore, while we remain in the harbour. If the Commander in Chief fliould have occafion to fpeak with the followino- Generals and OlTicers when at fea, the fienals here- uftcr mentioned will be made for them, viz. SIGNAL S. Mai'ji -General Abeicromby — M;ijor-General Hopfoii — — — Major-General Lord Clmrles Hay — M.ijor of the firft brigaiJe — — (cconil ditto — — tliird uftto — — Qumter-M.iilcr General — — Adjutant of the firlt brigade — — iccoiid ditto — — • third ditto — — — i''or all Adjutants —__.__ — ConimaiiJer oi the train — — C O M M O N PENDANTS. At the main topmafl head. Fore topmaft head. Mizcn topmafl: head. Starboard main topfail yard-arm. Larboard ditto. Starboard fore topfail yard-arm. Larboard ditto. Starboard mi/,cn topfail yard-arm. Larboard ditto. Starboard main yard-arm. Larboard ditto. Blue pendant, inizcn peeke. I I i 'M The m ■f ■■■'i 1 "f.i The HISTORICAL JOURNAL. The Admiral with the fleet are to proceed to Louifbourg, and endeavour to decoy that of the enemy out of their harbour ; the tranfpints, with their convoy of frigates, are to remain here, and wait the event. A h^rge French fchooner is brouglu in, which was taken by the Gofport man of war off the Banks of Newfoundland; flie was bound from Cape-Breton to France, and her bufmcfs was to carry intelligence J when ihe llruck, flic pretended to throw a packet overboard; but, upon fearching her, a fmall bag was found in an unfufpcdcd place, under a parcel of dry fifli, which contained let- ters to the French Miniflry, •' acquainting ihem with the arrival *' of their fleet at Louifbourg, confiiling of twenty-two fliips of •* the line, befides frigates ; and that, exclufive of a garrilon of *' 3000 men, they have an army of 4000, intrenched up to the!;- " necks, with twenty-five pieces of cannon (of different dimen- ** fions) and three mortars, in order to oppofe our defcent ; that " their fleet and army are in great fpirits, and provided with every " thing neceflary for a good defence." The intelligence, obtained by the French fchooner, has obliged us to alter our meafures ; the expedition is laid afide, and all farther defign of ading offenfively to the ealtward, for this campaign, is given up. Some malevolent fpirits have contumacioully endeavoured to pro- pagate a general difcontent, by inllnuating that the foregoing in- telligence is the refult of a refined piece of policy in the French -, and have taken upon them to alledge, that it was not intended the prize fchooner fliould proceed farther than the latitude wherein ihe was taken by the Gofport ; but the army in general, as well as all fenfible people here, entertain too juft an opinion of the Com- mander ill Chief, to give the leaft credit to fuch infamoufly abfurd aflgrtions ; being aflTured his Lordfliip is not to be diverted from an enterprize of fuch confequence, by any finefle the enemy arc capable of. The 23 1757- Auguft. ;tii. b:h li .i« 24 »7S7- Augulh 7 th. 1 ; '^Ht ■ 8th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. The Royal and 28th regiments are ordered to difembark and re- turn to camp i the fafcines, hurdles, gabions, &c. are likewife landed upon George's ifland, having no occafion for them at pre- fent. The 27th, 43d, and 46th regiments, are ordered to hold themfelves in readinefs to fail at a moment's warning, upon an ex- pedition up the river St. John, in the bay of Fundy, under the command of Governor Lawrence ; after which thefe corps are to be fent to garrifon the forts of Annapolis Royal, fort Cumberland (called by the French Beau Sejour) and fort Edward (formerly Pifaquid) all in this province : which, with the troops at Halifax, are to remain under the command of Major-General Hopfon : the reft of the army are to proceed with the Earl of Loudoun to the fouthward, and the fleet are to fail and cruife off Louifbourg. It being now univerfally known at Halifax, that the expedition againft Cape-Breton is laid afide for this feafon, the Clerk of the church, to evince his fentiments upon the fituation of affairs, gave out this day, and fung, the ift, 2d, 9th, loth, nth, 13th, and 26th verfes of the xlivth pfalm of the new verfion. A Jew Mer- chant and another man were this morning committed to jail, by the Governor, for circulating a falfe report of there being only five fliips of war and three frigates at Louifbourg ; but the Earl of Lou- doun, being fuperior to fuch mean refentments, ordered them to be rcleafed in the evening. The troops on board received orders this day to be ready to fail at a moment's warning, together with their convovs, for their re- fpedive deftinations. *' By Paul Henry Ourry, Efqj Commander of his Majefty's fliip " Succefs, purfuant to an order from Francis Holborne, Efo; ** Vice- Admiral of the Blue, &c ^t . *' You are hereby required and dire<5led to keep the tranfport, '• whereof you are Mafter, in conftant readinefs to fail, in company *' with me, for the bay of Fundy : and, as it is of the utnioft confe- ** quence "/■ % tt mpany confe- quence m *' SIGNALS for the undermentioned tranfports bound up the bay of Fundy. At what place Red White Blue Yellow Main topmaft head Fore topmaft head Mizen topmaft head Starboard main J lopfail yard-arm ) Larboard ditto Vulture John and Samuel Ward Halifax Anna Amity Neptune Hopewell UIviTes True Briton Berry Richard and Mary Heron Briftol Aidcrney Rawleigh Brotherhood Mary •* When I would fpeak with the Mafter of any of his Majefty's ** tranfports abovcmcntioned, I will put a broad pendant, as againll *' that iliip's name. On board the Succefs, &c. ^c. ** P. H. O." * I have been up and down this bay at various times and feafons, in vcrv rou!>h wea- ther, and always with a convoy ; there does not fecm to be the luaft occiifion for anchor- ing to avoid danger : and I concur in opinion with many experienced Teamen, as well as with the Maftcrs of the fiveral tranfports employed there from time to time, thnt tiicie cannot be a frier bay, c)r a fafcr navigation any where. The -urrrnts (it is true) run be- tween feven and eight knots, but there is not any thing to be apprehend-'d ; pilots repre- fcni more dangers in the dilFeicnt river";, bays, and harbours of this country, than there are in reality. Vol. I. E Appendix A '■ I i;b Ml 1 il ■, t(j., t 26 »757- <« HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ** Appendix to the foregoing Orders. If I fhould have any particular fhip, or tranfport, come near enough to take orders, without hoifting a boat out, I will hoift a red flag at the flag-ftafF, at the mizen topmaft head, with the Mailer's fignal, and fire a gun. For a particular {hip (.0 tack, if fhe is a-head of me, a red flag at the foretop gallant maft head, with the Matter's fignal, and fire a gun. If a-ftern of me, a red flag at the mizen topmaft head, with ditto (as before). If I would have any (hip to bear down, I will hoift a blue flag at the mizen peek, with the Matter's ditto, &c. If any fliip fees a ftrange fail, he will hoitt his enfign at the mizen peek. If they fee land, * he is to hoift his enfign on the enfign's ftaff, and keep it flying, until I anfwer by hoifting mine. As to all other fignals, I refer you to thofe you have already received from Ad- ** miral Holborne. " P. H. Gurry." Having feen a lift of the fleet which the enemy have at this time in the harbour of Louifljourg, I think it not improper to prefent my readers with it here, and I believe it to be very authentic; it is com- manded by Monfieur Bois de la Mothe and Monfieur Beaufrement, Vice and Rear Admirals, with a (Chef D'Efcadre, or) Commodore. <( >l Lieutenant — — 2 Corporal — — I S Enfign — — 2 *-< Private — — I Chaplain — — 2 Drummer — — IJ^ Adjutant — 2J • Chief Engineer 5^ Mailer Apothecary — 3^ JjrJ Engineer in ordinary" "Ti Ditto's Mate — I ranking as Captain 3 ^. Matron — — I Other Engineers as [_ 3 CommifTary of Stores — 3 v> Subalterns "■><> Clerk of ditto — 2"^! Diredlor of the Hofpi tal ^ ^ Ditto Overleer — 1 n Clerk of ditto — . I O Extra Clerks — I Mailer Surgeon — ^ • Artificers — — I ' Surgeon's Mate — I 1 The artillery are to be fervcd with provifions, in the fame manner ;is the reft of the army, the Commanding Officers, as Majors ; and to draw four rations per day. A Lieutenant Colonel or Major com- manding;, a battalion may draw fix rations each : no Officers arc to * A ratioii is a certain proportion of provifions or forage : a foIJier's alloi^'ance />«' week is ftven pounds ot'bcxf, or, in iicu thereof, four [Kjuiids of poik, wliicli is thought to be an equivalent ; fcven pounds of bifcuit bread, or the fame weight of flour; fix ounces «4t butter, three pints of peafe, half a pound of rice ; and this is called fevcii rations. E 2 r.ceivc «7 m 't% ' ,1 "I i t : I,., I 28 •757- Auguft. 9th. lOth. iith. :h. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. receive money for their provilions i what he does not take in kind, at the regular times of ifluing, to be a faving to the Government. With regard to the currency of money, the dollars (fays the Earl of Loudoun in this day's orders) together with all the other deno- minations of that fpecies, arc to be iflucd out to fubfift the troops, as they are remitted by the Government ; that is to fay, the dollar at 4s. 8d. and the refl in proportion. Throughout this province the dollar paflcs for five Ihillings, which is called the currency of Nova Scotia. This evening the Commander in Chief embarked on board the Winchelfea man of war, and propofes failing for New- York, with, the firft fair wind. The regiments that are ordered for the bay of Fundy are to be quartered in the following manner; after the expedition up St. John's river, the 27th is to proceed to Bofton ; fix companies of the 43d are to garrifon Annapolis j the other four ^.ill fail back to Halifax, and march diredtly to fort Edward, diftant from thence about twelve leagues ; and the 46th regiment is to occupy fort Cmnberland : the weather changeable, and in general wet. Our men take great quantities of filh over the fhips fides ; they are cliieily mackarel and polluc : our tranfports are now much crowded, and, there not being fufficient births, or accommodations, for the number of men on board, we are obliged to have recourfe to the following expedient : ** A man from each birth mounts guard every day on the main deck, with a Serjeant and Corporal ^ and thev remain above, for the better convenience of the reft below, until they are relieved; there are feveral fentinels pofted both fore and aft, who have orders given them with refpedt to fire and candle ; alfo with regard to boats going from, or coming to the Hiip, to prevent fpirituous liquors being brought on board, and likewife the fmoking of tobacco." This guard is fuperintended. by an Officer, who is obliged, as the troops are ferved with an allowance of rum inftead of beer, to fee the fame ilTued out every day. •M ^ r?^ i '£1 I HISTORICAL JOURNAL. day, and mixed with water ; each foldier's daily proportion is a jill of this fpirit, with three of water: wet fultry weather, with thick fogs. 1, .. i . . • ■ A detachment of one Subaltern, one Sprjeant, Corporal, Drum- mer, and thirty men of the 43d regiment, difembarked this morn- ing, and marched to fort Edward to relieve the like detachment from the troops of this province. ) I .. This morning a Ivldier fell^ over-board from our (hip, and nar- rowly cfcapcd being drowned. In confequence of a fignal from the Succefs, our fquadron unmoored, fell down below George's ifland, and came to an anchor in fifteen fathom water ; the Mafters of tranfports, bound to the bay of Fundy, are ordered to provide tbemfclves with pilots immediately : it was intended we fliould fail this day, but, the weather and wind being both unfavorable, wc are detained. ^The prices we paid for the following articles of provifions were, beef and mutton fix-penee per pound ; veal from oneflulling to one ihilling and fix-pence j frefh butter (fcarce and very indifferent) fixteen-pence ; milk four-pence /^fr quart j a loaf of good foft bread (about three pounds and an half) one (hil- ling J mofl kinds of fifh, and particularly lobflers, * in great plenty ;. but the demand for them was fuch as rendered them much dearer than might be expected. The town of Halifax is large : the flreets (which are not paved) are tolerably regular, and of a good breadth -, but their houfes, upon a nearer view, are mean, and do not difplay any great knowledge of architedture, much lefs of tafle, in thofe who ereded them ; which in general, together with a capacious church -f , are of wood, and covered with the fame * Their (hells arc foftcr than In Europe, aHcl, when boiled, turn to a greenifh colour^ inflead of red ; they are neither (o firm, or well-flavoured, as thofe that ar« taken on the Britifh coafts. , ' t This edifice is remarkable for two particularities : in the flrft place, it is the only Englifli church, chapel, or houfe, dedicated to Divine worfliip throughout this whole province ; and, in the next, it differs in fituation from churches in general, ftanding due North and South. materials 29^ Augult. i4ti. m in m r'.ii .1 -'w Um 0\ 30 Augult. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. materials. Great allowances mufl nevcrthelefs be made for a fct- tlement ftill in its infancy, and the inhabitants, together with the troops, have had incredible difficulties to ftruggle with : one cir- cumftance however is to be regretted, namely, that the fettlers who are of different countries (as well as religions) have no great inducements to continue here, the country about it being entirely rude, and not worth cultivating : confequently as their chief pro- fpedts of gain, and dependence for fupport, are by the fale of flops, haberdaflicry wares, and liquors to the navy and army (which is a precarious trade) the inhabitants can at beft be only reputed fo- journers ; for, as their profits upon thefe feveral articles are im- menfe, fo it is natural to fuppofe they will remove to fome lefs inhofpitable climate, where they may enjoy their wealth more to their fatisfadtion, or lay it out to good advantage in land and agriculture. Their batteries, citadel, and other fortifications arc of timber, thefe being thought fufficient to protedt them againil an Indian enemy ; but the channel of the river is well defended by a refpedtable battery on the eaftern fliore, and by feveral others upon George's ifland ; there is alfo a port: at the head of this river, where there is a fmall picketed fort, called Fort Sackville, occu- pied by a party of regulars ; this is about twelve miles from Ha- lifax. They have here great variety of excellent filh, the ftaple commodity of this country and its dependent iflands : as for the other neceflaries and conveniencies of life, they mufl: be indebted for them to New-England, the other provinces to the fouthward, and to the mother-country; but I mufl: not omit that Chebudo or Halifax harbour is one of the fineft in the whole world, for depth of water, good anchorage and fafety : they liave a roval dock here, with all the conveniencies fer the largell firfl:-rate (hip to heave down and careen j moreover, it very rarely happens, that this harbour is frozen up in the winter; for which feveral reafons, it is the rendezvous of all his Majefty's Ihips in America, and is « frcqu^itly 'f' •I '.^ I * again 11 ■| fended ~'i, others li' J river. 'K occu- tn Ha- ■| ftaple ;|| or the ■ -i debted 1 iward. ■ 'm m ebudto r- Id, for il dock hip to s, that eafons, and is iuc;iuly HISTORICAL JOURNAL. frequently rcforted to by others from the Weft-Indies, whenever they have occafion to undergo any repairs. At lix o'clock this morning, fine weather though very fliarp, a fignal was made to unmoor, and the whole fleet and convoy failed foon after; about ten, we met an exprefs floop from Bofton, with difpatches to the Earl of Loudoun, importing, that the enemy had laid clofe fiege to fort William-Henry j whereupon a fignal was made, and the fleet came near and lay to. A council of war was held on board the Winchelfea, in confequence whereof two of the regiments that had been deftined to fail with us up the bay, viz. the 27th and 46th, were ordered to proceed with his Excellency to New-York, and an exprefs was fent back to Central Hopfon at Halifax, to embark the 28th regiment, and fend them immedi- ately after us. There being a detachment of the former of thefe corps ftationed on board the Succefs to fcrve as marines, which confifted of a Lieutenant, two Serjeants, one Drummer, and fixty rank and file, the fame was infl:antly ordered to be relieved by the like command from the 43d regiment, and this unpleafant fervice fell to my lot ; the removal from one fliip to another in a trifling cock-boat, the wind blowing frefli with a fliort tumbling fea, rendered it very difagreeable, and more fo ftill, as I had not time to take fome I've ftock, good liquor, or fweet water, with me, which we had on board our tranfport in plenty, and they were wanted on board the Succefs : this circumftance I had much caufe to regret during the remainder of our voyage. About five o'clock, every thing being now fettled purfuant to this change in affairs, the feveral fquadrons made fail. Lord Loudoun's to the fouthward for New-York ; Admiral Holborne's to the eaftvvard for Louif- bourg i and Captain Curry's for the bay of Fundy. Fine weather with gentle breezes : the expedition up St. John's river is laid afide for this year, and, it being apprehended that the enemy may attempt this autumn to ftrike a coup in this province, and try to recover fort Cumberland, we are to proceed thither without 3' 1757- 16th. m J'jtlu m 'ft'. I II "■"•"i iii;t ir 1 'H'.'H ; "Ml V: .1! 3« Auguft. iSih. ir^th. 20th. HISTORICAL J O U R Isr A L. without delay. Mr. Ourry being defirous to fee my detachment cx~ ercife in the marine way, which is nothing more than, after firing over the fliip's fide, to fall down upon one knee, fo as to be under cover, and load again ; we performed thefe firings repeatedly for an hour : the men were formed into three divifions, two upon the quarter-deck, and one upon the forecaftle, facing the (larboard fide of the (hip, and then fired, right, left, and center ; afterwards feveral vollies were difcharged, and the men acquired great ap- plaufe from Governor Lawrence and our Vice-Commodore. Fine weather : our fquadron all in fight, with a full view of the ifland of La Have, at the diftancc of five leagues North and by Weflj turned out a wet night. Moderate, though hazy, weather : fpoke this morning with a fchooner from Connecticut (New England) but received no intelli- gence J this night came on a very thick fog. Thick foggy weather, with light airs : to avoid running foul of the land, it was thought proper to found j got twenty fathom water, t'lc bottom a white and red gravel j at eleven o'clock the weather cleared up ; found ourfelves on Port Mouton fifliing-bank, met with feveral fchooners who were fifliing there, and exchanged three, men with them : we lay to on this bank, there being little wind, and caught fomc cod and polluc : got a fight of Lord Loudoun's fquadron, at the dillance of about three leagues, bearing away South and by Wefl of us j difcovered Hopeful and Port Mouton illands, the former Weft and by North of our courfe, the latter North half Weft, each at the diftance of a league and an half: fpoke with a floop from New- York, bound to Halifax with flores and provifioiis, and a bag of letters for the Earl of Loudoun : by him we are informed, that the inhabitants of the province where he came from are under the greatefl apprehenij^nns, lefl Monfieur Mont- calm fliould pay them a vifit ; by liis accounts, tliS French army at fort William-Henry amount to almbfl: 15000 men; that the provinces had levied an army of 22000 to fhop their progrefs, fomc contributing m 3 I * I ent cx> r firing ; under dly for >on the arboard ;rwards eat ap- of the and by with a intclli- foul of I water, vcather et with i three. wind, jdoun's away /louton hitter half: res and lini wc ; came Mont- 1 army lat the , fome bating 1 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. contributing a fourth, and others a fixth man j I obfcrved that Go- vernor Lawrence paid Httlc regard to any of this intclhgence, ei- ther refpcding the enemy, which he thought extravagant ; or the new levies, which he fecmcd to have no great opinion of, for immediate fervice. At night hazy weather, and blew frefli. Dark foggy weather with freOi gales : founded in forty- five fa- thom water, a rocky bottom ; the pilot calls this ground Portabere fiiliing-bank, fiys it is the finefl: in this countiy, and that he would engage with five or fix lines to take a thoufand cod in the fpace of one hour : founded again at three o'clock, forty-five fa- thom, a rocky bottom with fome fliells : the fogs inconceivably thick on this coaft : founded at midnight in ninety fathom water, the bottom muddv. Fine clear weather, the air Hiarp : at feven o'clock Cape Negro bore North-Eafl: between fix and feven leagues. This forenoon, by way of exercifing the feamen, the fhip was cleared for fighting ; the gunners and artificers, with the marines, were flationed at their refpedive quarters ; the guns were all run out and in, as if really engaged, and I had an opportunity of feeing a (ham fea-fight, which was well performed, and very entertaining. At one o'clock we fpoke with a floop bound to Bofton from Halifax, which port fhe left the 20th inllant ; this is a proof of the perverfcnefs of our wind and weather, though allowances muft be made for a fliip's failing in convoy, as Hie cannot make that difpatch which a fingle vcllcl may do. We have at length doubled Cape Sable, and en- tered the bay of Fundy; the cape bears E. S. E. at the dillance of nine leagues : we likewife doubled Cape Affous (perhaps for (/ej^.u or dfou i thefe are names I learn from our pilot) alfo Green and Seal iflands ; the former at about five leagues W. N. W. the others which are numerous on our flarboard fide, at two leagues diftiincc, and lie about E. and E. S. E. of our courfe. This cape (Sable) joins to the main land, and thofe iflands, which lie contiguous to it, were all inhabited by Neutral French, as they were called, and Vol. I. F produce'1 II ■; I m "'!!lr .; 'i^l m m .>Vi 1 38 »757- Auguft. 29th. 30th, iift. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. heretofore, where there have not been any ordnance mounted to oblige them to keep their diflance. Gloomy weather to-day j a detachment is gone out to cut and make fafcines and pickets for intrenchments, that are to be thrown up here with all expedition : we are credibly informed the enemy threaten to come and retake this fort : at night the blockhoufe was alarmed by one of its advanced centries, who is ported in the fkirt of the wood ; he fired his piece at a man as he imagined, who was advancing towards him ; however it appeared to be a miftake, and is rather fuppofed to have been a wild dog or fox, with which the forefts here are much infcfted. The 28th regiment came to an anchor this day in the bafon from Halifiix ; near to which place, a body of French and Indians have lately fliewed themfelves at Dartmouth, on the oppofite fide of the river. No alteration in the weather thefe two days : the 28th regiment difembarked, and incamped on the right of the 43d ; by them we are confidently afTured, that a large corps of regular and light troops are upon their march to retake this fortrefs, and are com- manded by Monfieur Bois Hibert, a famous partifan, who is Lieu- tenant for the French King in this province, where I find, by the following manifeflo he has refided for fome years : ** Nous Ofiicer commandant pour le Roy a la Riviere St. Jean, " et de toute L'Acadie Fran9oife, et fes dependances. *• Commc I'interet fordide, plus que tout autre motif, engage les *' Accadiens a s'cxpofer a un danger vifible d'etre pris des Anglois, ** et que nous avons des exemplcs reccntes des rifques qu'on rour- *• rut quelques mauvais fujcts, qui font peut ctre pris. ** A cette caufe defendons a tous Accadiens, fous quelque pretexte " que ce puifi'e etrc, de fortir de Icurs habitations, ou cndroits ** qu'ils habitent, fans mon agrement. ** Pro- ''0. ,0 '•"Ir inted to cut and thrown 5 enemy )ufe was :he fkirt vho was ke, and lich the fon from ns have le of the •egiment em we th d light re corn- is Lieu- by the ;t. Jean, p-ajje les ^no-lois, h '^our- iretexte en droits Pro- .;) it it a (( HISTORICAL JOURNAL. *< Promettons cinquante livres de gratification a quiconque nous declarera a I'avenir ces malfaiteurs, et admoneftrons ces derniers de trois cents livres a prendre fur Ics meubles et immeubles, et les envoyrons a Quebec, comme fujets rebelles et prejudiciables au bien public. '♦ Orcionnons a tous Capitaines de faire publier dans leurs rivieres et dependances le prefent. " Auquel avons fait appofer le cachet de nos armes pour que perfonne n'en pretende caufe d'ignorance; {xi triple ^moncamp le 20""' Decembre 1755. *' BoiS HiBERT." N. B. Pour mes armes, trois canards regardants. In Englifh thus : We the Officer commanding for Tlie King, on the river St. John, and in all French Acadia, and their dependencies. As fordid intereft, rather than any other motive, induces the Acadians to expofe themfelves to the apparent danger of being taken by the Britllh, and that we have recent examples of the riiks which worthlefs fuhjeds incur, who are perhaps taken. For this caufe We command all the Acadians, not to leave their habitations, or places of refidence, without our permiiTion, under any pretence \shatfoever. And We promife a reward of fifty livres (about two pounds, five (hillings, fterling) to any perfon who fliall advertife us of fuch tranf- greifors for the future ; and We admonifh thefe laft, under the- penalty of three hundred livres, to be levied upon their goods and chattels, befides caufing them to be tranfmitted to Quebec as rebel- lious fubjeds, and prejudicial to the public good. And We command all Captains of Militia to circulate and publifb thefe our Orders on all their rivers and diftrids. To 39 »757' Augultf m 1\ '^Ilt 40 *757- Auguft. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. To three of thefe prefents We have fixed the feal of our arms {viz. three ducks regardant) that no perfon whatfoever may plead ignorance. Given at our camp, this twentieth day of December, 1755. BoiS HiBERT. .v'» fiSi l|- i '% Si' "I- Sept. ift. Our Commodore has received a letter from Admiral Holborne, who was returned to Chebudto (Halifax) from Louifbourg, wherein he informs him, that he looked into the harbour with his own fliip, and reckoned eighteen capital fliips of the enemy's, fome of which were much larger than many of thofe under his command j and he is of opinion there could not be lefs than fevcn thoufand men in- trenched along fliore j that he drew up his fleet in the bay, in order of battle ; but the enemy would not come out. The Admiral has recommended it to the Commodore to repair, without lofs of time, to Annapolis Royal, as he thinks he will be fafer under the cannon of that fortrefs than here. A council of war has been held in the fort, upon the meafures to be taken in cafe the enemy fliould put their threats in execution. Our men load their arms now upon all duties, and the centinels have orders not to fuffer any perfon to pafs them in the night, without giving them the counterfign, or fecond watch-word. This day the 28th and 43d regiments moved their camp nearer to the glacis of the fort, in order to render it more compad ; for this purpofe they are confined to clofer diftanccs tlian ufual, in larger armies and incampments j as the men are growing fickly, by reafon of the wetnefs of our camp, they are ordered to bed their tents well with the boughs of fpruce for want of fcraw, and the OHicers have got boards to floor their markees : it is inconceivable what quantities of mice we have on this grounJ, infomuch that one can fcarce walk a few paces without feeing or treading on them ; they burrow under the decayed roots and {lumps of trees, that formerly .1 € )ur arms lay plead '55- [BERT. olborne, wherein ivn fliip, •f which and he nen in- bay, in Admiral : lofs of ider the ;en held / fliould w upon srfon to fign, or nearer id; for fual, in ; fickly, ;d their ind the :eivab]e :h that them ; :s, that )rmerly It HISTORICAL JOURNAL. formerly grew here, and I am told they have been frequently eaten by the French inhabitants, as well as by our troops, when frefh provifions have been fcarce : I am likewife alfured, that the foldiers have alfo fed upon dogs and cats, under the fame circumftances. We are tormented here, both day and night, with myriads of muf- keta's, which are fo immenfely troublefome, that we are obliged t' i il 4* V57- Septeni' ber. ad. 5th- yh. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. fupplied by bifcuits ferved out with our fait proviTions from the ftores. The weather cool and windy, with frequent fliowers : between detachments, fatigue, and camp duties, the fubalterns, non-com- miflioned and private men, have very little time for reft j a refcrve from each regiment, confifting of a Captain, Lieutenant, Eniign» and iixteen rank and file, with Seijeants and Drummers in propor- tion, mount every evening at retreat beating, and patrole the camp every night continually. Our trenches are in great forwardnefs, weather variable, and gene- rally cold for this feafon, which we partly impute to the extreme wetnefs of our camp : a fioop came yefterday on this fide of the Joggen near to the bafon, and went off again : flie is fuppofed to be a fpy from St. John's river ; had fhe been a friend, there was not any thing to obftrudt her coming to an anchor, and fhe could not have been forced thither by any perverfenefs of wind or weather. Another deferter is come in from Cape-Breton ; he fays, ** the enemy expedl to fiibdue this province to the French arms, before the feverity of the winter fets in ;" our works go on vigoroufly. The country here is infinitely preferable to that about Halifax, and there are many veftiges, every-where, of the induftry of the pre- tended neutrals, its late inhabitants. Between nine and ten o'clock this night, a detachment of the troops, in camp andgarrifon, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Walfh, with a company of rangers, were ordered to proceed to Gafperau, and Baye Verde, as well to reconnoitre the country, as deftroy the roads and bridges,— and render them as impaffable as poflible; theyhave taken three days provilions with them. [Baye Verde lies eaftward of this fort, at the diftance of about thirteen miles j and it is from thence we ex- pedl the enemy will vifit us, if they fhould put tlieir threats in execution.] The detachment returned this evening all fafe and well : they deftroyed eleven bridges, cut trenches in many parts of the road, burned i Is ■(& I HISTORICAL JOURNAL. burned three large boats, and a fchooner that lay at anchor in the bay; they neither met with men or cattle, nor could they difcover any human tracks in any part of the country where they have been: the weather is now dry and warmer than of late. This morning a floop arrived from Halifax j in her palllige here, flie called at Annapolis Royal, whence we are informed, that they had lately fuftained a great lofs at that place, by a party of the ene- my who came down, took away all their cattle, and burned feveral rtore-houles ; that the garrifbn were fo weak, as to numbers, that thev could not venture to fdly out and purfue them : by this vellcl v;e alio learn, that fome corps of new-raifed Highlanders were arrived at Chebu^ftoe. Ev a letter which I have received, from a brother Ollicer at New- York, dated Aiigufl: the 13th, I have the following information of the fate of fort William-Henry, and of its late garrifoa : *' Lieutenant-Colonel Monroe commanded there with about two ** thoufand men, compofed, by detachments, from the 35th regi- " ment, the 60th, and a body of the New Jerfey Militia; part of ** which were intrenched in the lines adjoining to the fort : on the ** third inflant, an army under the Marquis de Mont-Calm (Cap- tain-General, and Commander in Chief of the French forces in Canada) confifting of eight thoufmd regulars and militia, fome artillery, and fifteen hundred fivagcs, inveiled the place, and *« cut off every communication, by which there was the leaft ap- ** pearance, or poflibility, of the garrifon, or trenches, being rcin- ** forced, either with men, ammunition, or other ftores. Colonel ** Monroe contrived to convey feveral letters to General Webb, ** who had retired to fort Edward with five thoufand men, to wait *' for farther fuccours, which had been promifed by the feveral *' provinces ; but, thefe fupplies not being arrived, or likely to come *' in proper time, the General tranfmittcd a letter to that effect to *• the Colonel, recommending it to him to make the befl: terms ** he could for the troops under his command. This letter was in- G 2 *♦ tercepted (( (( 43 ^1757- Septem- ber. 8t!). m r-fi iH^I M Pi m ^^ :ii i 44 '757- ocpttm- bcr. ill . '' 111 '■ ;! ■i ' 1 •I u << <( (( (( (( HISTORICAL JOURNAL. tercepted by the Marquis on the morning of the ninth, and was fent by him, without delay, to the Commanding Officer of the garrifon, accompanied with a peremptory demand of the furren- der of the place, under pain of his not having it in his power to prefcribe bounds to the favages, if he did not immediately comply. The gallant Colonel, thus myfterioufly forlorn, after making a very fpirited defence, was thereby compelled to fur- *' render on the fame day : by which, the troops under his com- ** mand are reftrained from farther fervice againft the enemy or ** their allies, for the fpace of eighteen months from the date of *♦ the capitulation: we had about three hundred, of every rank, ** killed and wounded during the fiege -, the lofs of the enemy is ** uncertain, but, by accounts from deferters who came to fortEd- *♦ ward on the 8th, their lofs could not then be lefs than twelve hundred men j this my dear friend (continues my correfpondent) is a great number to lofe in fo fliort a time, and where there was no adion ; but the French General has acknowledged he never faw artillery better ferved than thofe of the garrifon were : after the troops had marched out (which they were allowed to do with the ufual honours of war) the favages, who before had been flattered with great hopes of plunder and fcalps, notwithftanding ** the efcort which our troops had to condudt them in fafety to fort •* Edward, and in fight of the whole French army, fell upon the ♦' poor fellows with the moft barbarous rage, rifled the Officers of *• every thing they had, even to their fhirts j and bafely butchered «• feveral hundreds, neither fparing women or children ; Colonels «' Monroe, Young, and a few Officers, with about three hundred •* men, retired to the French army, and put themfelves under the •* Muiquls's immediate protedion ; how this intricate afi^air, the «* inadivity of our forces, and this flagrant breach of faith, on the " part of the enemy, will be received at home, time only can ** evince. I returned here yefl:erday from fort Edward j we are all ** in confufion in thefe parts, as you may well fuppofe : it is faid the (( (( (( 4C *f $< iC (( ■ :■ t" «i tt «< HISTORICAL JOURNAL. the enemy have demoliflied the fort, and levelled the lines j if ** they fliould advance farther into the province, C^c. ^c. Pofl- fcript. Several of the Indians did not ufe fire-arms, fome of our people being killed and wounded with arrows, in the ufe of ♦* which thofe brutes are reputed very dexterous." I immediately waited on Governor Lawrence, and (hewed him this letter, as he could not receive any authentic accounts before j he told me he had got fome letters from the fouthward, by the way of Halifax, brought by this fame Hoop ; but mine contained more particulars, and he was heartily forry to believe our advices of that Ihameful difafter were too true. A command of miners and colliers from the troops, with a co- vering party of regulars and rangers, embarked this day, on board the Brillol tranfport for the coal-pits, about fixteen miles from the fort, near to the Joggen, and fituated between the capes of D'Or and Checnecfto, they have taken a fortnight's provifions with them ; the men and officers will be paid for their labour and attendance, and the coals are for the ufe of the garrifons in the bay of Fundy *. Though we have had the weather (harp for fome time, this is as hot a day as we have felt this fummer, and the mufketa's, from which we have had fome refpite, are again exceedingly tormenting ; I have the pleafure to oblerve our fick and fcorbutic men are on the recovery. The province floop. Captain Rogers, arrived this evening from fort Edward, where he laid in a cargo of pro- vifions for the ufe of that fortrefs ; the intelligence received from thence is — ** that, the evening before the floop failed, two Chiefs of the Neutrals came to that fort, and propofed to treat with the Commanding Officer, which they faid they would have done be- fore, but were afraid they fhould not get quarter; that the reft of their friends and neighbours were ftarving, and that they came in now to fue for charity and mercy :" the Officer referred them to * There are not better burning coals in England than thefe. pits produce. 45 1757- biptcm- ber. 9tb. m m 4y| t* US 11 < ■J.; I 1 'i'^ : 1 ! •\ iip 1 1 •' P , il.fl |l m ;i ill 111,, • ^.ll 46 1757. beptem- ber. icth. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. his Excellency, and tranfmitted them here by Mr. Rogers j the Governor ordered them to be confined in a decent apartment, and diredled that they fliall have the (lime a41owance of provifions as are ilTued to the troops. An expedition is talked of againfl: the inhabitants of the neigh- bourhood of Chcpordie Hill, in order to bring oft their cattle, burn their corn and fettlements, and other ways diftrefs them as much as pofliblc; this fervice will be performed by a detachment of 800 regulars from the garrifon and lines, with our company of ran"-ery. Pleafant weather for fome days j mornings and evenings are raw and cold. We proceed at our inircnchmcnts with great diligence, and without intermiflion even on Sundays : tlie working hours are from fix to eight, from nine to twelve, and from one to fix in the afternoon i the men are aflemblcd by the ringing of a bell at the fort. The troops of this province are fuppiied with Ibruce beer, which was firil introduced, during the late war, in tlie garrifon of Louifbourg when we were in pofleflion of it ; and then the mclalfes were ilTued from the flores gratis, this liquor being thought neccflary for the prefervation of the healths of our men, as they were confined to fait provifions, and it is an excellent anti- fcorbutic : It is made of the tops and branches of the Sprufs- tree, boiled for three hours, then ftrained into cafks, with a cer- tain quantity of melafies i and, as foon as cold, it is fit for ufe. When we were incamped at Halifax, the allowance was two quarts per day to each man, or three gallons and an half ^fr week, for which he paid fevcn pence New-York currency, as by the Earl of Loudoun's regulation of the 5th of July lafi: (equal to four pence and -.-V fterling.) Here the foldiers are obliged to draw five pints per day, or four gallons and three pints per week, for which they are charged nine-pence halfpenny currency of this province (equal to eight-pence and 44 fterling) the paymafter of the 43d regiment aiTured me, that the fpruce account for that corps, in the .4 4, 5 ; the It, and ons as ncigli- le, bum s much of 800 ningcrs. are raw ligence, g liours to lix in L bell at 1 Ibrucc in the nd then r being ir men, lit anti- Spruls- h a cer- ule. as two r week, by the to four aw five |r which rovince he 43d rps, in the histor;ical journal. the fpace of about (even weeks, amounted to eighty pounds currency. The forces in America are generally paid in dollars, half and wj quarter ditto, which are iliaed at the rate of four fliillings and '1 eight-pence fterling, with the fmalkr denominations at the fame '• proportions; the dollar palTcs at New-York for eight fliillings, which is called the currency of that province ; in New-England it is reduced to fix fliillings, and then it is termed lawful money, to diflinguifli it from what is called Old Tenor, whereof feven-pence halfpenny is equal to or e penny, or Ceven pounds ten fliillings to one pound lawful moneys but they ufually keep their accounts in Old Tenor, as the Portugueie do theirs in Millreas. The cur- rency of this province is five fliillings to the dollar j confequently V one pound flerling amounts to one pound, one fliilling, and five- " pence, one feventh, at par; yet the merchants here wfll not take a Britifli fliilling for more than twelve-pence, or a crown for more than a dollar ; but the cafe is different when they want bills upon London ; for then, at certain times, the paymaflicrs of regiments can make an advantageous bargain.* We have now finiflied the lines in the front of our incampment, and it was this day ordered that feventy men per regiment fliall intrench the flanks, and the remainder of the foldiers off duty are to be employed at the fort, for which they will be paid one fliil- ling per man per day, and the non-commiflioned Officers in pro- portion to their rank ; fliowery weather, with a thick fog, towards evening. The Governor has received intelligence from Halifax, that Ad- miral Holborne's fleet were again failed to Louifl^ourg, being re- inforced with five Ihips of the line from England 3, the weather hazy and damp. * I have known from five to ten per cent, fterling given for — London bills, though in' general the courfe of exchange is feldom more than eight, and never lefs than five j by this one may form fome judgment of the great profits merchants have here upon their commodities, when tliey can afford fuch large difcount for their bills. 47 I7S7- Septcmf bcr. 1311-: f^ if- -n I+tlt, ,^■1 ,. ,'»• ,ya»'i^ "I '!;:i 48 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. »7S7' Lad night we were alarmed in our camp» by two (hots fired on bcr 2ift. the fwamps to the left of our ground; the guards and pickets turned out, and wc ftood to our arms until it was clear day-light in the morning ; this was occafioned by fome of our rangers, who took the advantage of a moon-light night to lie in waiting for wild ducks, which, with moll other kinds of wild fowl, are in great plenty here, though not to be got at without rifk ; the weather to- day is clear, and comfortably warm. The reinforcements of High- landers, mentioned before to have arrived lately at Halifax, confiftcd of two new-raifcd regiments; an unlucky accident lately happened to one of their private men, of which the following are the parti- culars ; a foldier of another regiment, who was a centinel detached from an advanced guard, feeing a man coming out of the wood, with his hair hanging loofe, and wrapped up in a dark -coloured plaid, he challenged him repeatedly, and receiving no anfwcr (the weather being hazy) he fired at him and killed him ; the guard being alarmed, the Serjeant ran out to know the caufe, and the unhappy centinel, ftrongly prepoflefled that it was an Indian, with a blanket about him, who came fkulking to take a prilbncr, or a fcalp, cried out, I ha've killed an Indian t I have killed an Indian ^ there he lies, &c\ but, upon being undeceived by the Serjeant, who went to take a view of the dead man, and being told he was one of our own men, and a Highlander, he was fo oppreflcd with grief and fright, that he fell ill, and was defpaired of for fome days. In confequence of this accident, moil: of thefe young fol- diers, being raw and unexperienced, and very few of them conver- fant in, or able to talk Englilh (which was particularly his cafe who was killed) thefe regiments were ordered to do no more duty for fome time ; at length fome of the inhabitants having crofled over to Dartmouth to cut fire-wood, they were attacked by a party of the enemy, and feveral were killed and fcalped : whereupon a large detachment of thefe Highlanders were immediately fent to take poft, and remain there i which will effe<3:ually fecure the town i fired on d pickets r-light in ers, who ; for wild e in great lather to- of High- con lifted happened the parti- dctached the wood, -coloured ifwcr (the the guard , and the lian, with 3ncr, or a an Indian f ant, who e was one fled with for fome 'oung fol- n conver- y his cafe •nore duty ng crofled by a party ereupon a ely fent to 'ecure the town HISTORICAL JOURNAL. town on that quarter, and inablc the fcttlcrs to provide fuel du- ring the approaching winter, without any farther apprchenfions. Changeable weather for fevcral days part, though moftly fair. Two men of the 28th regiment deferted this morning, and took their courfe towards Baye Verde, where meeting with fume of the enemy (fivages as we are informed) one of them made his cfcape, and returned to the fort j in confideration whereof, and his good charadler, he was pardoned. A violent rain came on this after- noon, which obliged us to quit our work. We have had conftant heavy rain all laft night and this day ; our bread-works have fuffered much thereby, our camp is almoft knee- deep, and our trenches full of water; fo that it was impoflible for men to work to-day. A floop arrived from Bofton, with black cattle, flieep, and liquors ; and nothing could be more feafonable at this time; by this vcflel we have intelligence of great cruelties being committed by the Indians about Penobfcot, who came down among the inhabitants under a mafk of friendfhip ; and fuch was their fury, that they fpared neither fex nor age. I never faw fuch ftorms of wind and rain as we have had for fome dayspaft, which have done more injury to the trenches, and made confiderable breaches in the ramparts of the fort ; the wea- ther being fair to-day, with a feafonable drying wind, all the men off duty are employed in repairing thofe feveral damages in the garrifon and lines. Weather windy, fliowery, and very cold : fome ihots were fired laft night on the marfli, to the left of our camp j on which a gun was difcharged towards that place from the fort, and notice in- ftantly fent to the camp to prevent an alarm. Dry, cold, windy weather : we finiflied our trenches to-day; the hours for work are changed ; we begin at feven in the morning, and continue until noon; return at one o'clock, and do not quit until gun-firing in the evening. VoL.L „ ^^^ 49 ber. 22(1. tyi. 27lh. 28tll. 29tl<. « m m ¥^' i ^U,i; ' ''^"li!,!, 50 oeptem- bcr 30th. Oaober ift. 3d. 4th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. The lines being completed, we are now employed in forming a glacis round the fort, repairing the ramparts» and adding fome new works to the place ; a cafemate is alfo building in the gar- rifon, lor the fafety of the troops in a fiege. Fine weather to-day, and warmer than it has been for fome time paft ; this is the pleafanteft feafon of the year, being neither into- lerably hot nor cold i and we have got a releafe from the odious infedts which have tormented us all this fummer ; befides, fogs are not fo frequent and condenfe now, as at other times. Though this profpedt is pleafing at prefent, the people here do not feem to enjoy it as much as we do, who are new-comers ; for they are fen- lible it will be of fliort duration, and probably fucceeded by a ri- gorous winter. A nine-inch mortar was brought to camp this afternoon, and feveral fhells were thrown towards the woods, in order to try at what diftance we could annoy an enemy from our intrenchments> as likewife to difcover whether it was neceifary to clear any more ground on that fide, within view of the fort. N. B. There were no new meafures taken in confequence of thefe experiments. Fine feafonable weather ; we were obliged to difmifs our work- ing parties this afternoon, at four o'clock, the troops being or- dered under arms to man the trenches, agreeable to the following orders : % t f The difpolition of the troops in camp, at their alarm-pofls, for ** the defence of the lines, viz. *• The 28th regiment. ** Three faces — ♦* Two flanks ** One curtain ** Two redans —- ** Two intervals •— a. U 2 2 3 6 2 2 2 2 Rank and File. 198 66 53 100 100 The 43d regiment. Three faces Two flanks One curtain Two redans Two intervals « 1 m 4-1 U3 3 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 Rank and File. 198 66 50 96 96 « The I ng a fome. ; gar- time into- )dious gs are hough :em to re fen- ' a ri- n, and ) try at iments> y more lence of work- ing or- llowing bfts, for ^Rank and File. 198 66 96 " The ■^ HISTORICAL JOURNAL. «' The rcferve to confift of a Field Officer, for which, the 28th *' regiment to give one Captain, three Subalterns, and feventy- *' four men j the 43d regiment one Captain ; the detachment in «* garrifon one Captain, three Subalterns, and 226 rank and file; •* the rcferve to be drawn up at the head of the interval of the •' incampment of the two regiments. Lieutenant-Colonel James, *' of the 43d, to command the front of the lines ; Licutenant- " Colonel Walfli, of the 28th, the rcferve; the Major of this laft *' re^'inient to be on the right flank, and the Major of the 43d " on the left flank." Total Captains 17, Subaltern Ofilcers 34, rank and file 1323, cxclulive of the troops who were at their feveral alarm-pofls in tiie o-arrifon. After the lines had been manned, the Governor walked to round to take a view of his difpofition, and then difmifled us. Thefe intrenchments, though as compad: as they well could be, would require double our numbers to defend them j however, even witli the troops at prefent here, the fort and its dependences are on a very refpedlable footing; the expedition againll the enemy's fettlcments, in the vicinity of Chepordie Hill, is no more talked of. Fine clear weather to-day ; in the afternoon two brafs fix pounders were drawn down to the outfidc of our trenches, to try how often they could be difcharged in the Ipace of one minute with deliberation, and in fiich manner as to do fervice ; for this purpofe they had a target ereded, which was foon demoliHied ; they were fired eleven, twelve, and thirteen times, in that fhort fpace, without any accident happening, and were well pointed. I never faw the weather alter fo fuddenly as it has done this forenoon ; about eleven o'clock it changed, from fair weather and feemingly fettled, to tempelluous rain and hail, which laH-cd one hour, and continued Ihowery for the remainder of the day. A Frenchman has appeared on horfeback (with a white uniform, fiip- pofed to be Monficur Bois Hibert) on the Hiore weflward of our H 2 fort; 5« '757- October' 5di. 7tli. m i i! A ,1,: '1 ;'''i| 'Hi m 52 X7S7« Odober. M ' 8ch. .|l loth. I'll ' HISTORICAL JOURNAL. fort ; the Succefs frigate rides within lefs than a quarter of a mile of that place, and this day gave him a gun, upon which he thought proper to difappear, and, at the fame time, there was a great fhout heard from the adjoining woods. We have at length finiflied all our works, and the late garrifon, with the 43d regiment, are ordered to embark their baggage on this day, and on Monday (the xoth), and themfelves on the day following : the 28th regiment, with a company of rangers, are to remain here this winter; a detachment of three hundred men from that corps, under their own Major, were ordered out this afternoon to fcour the country as far as Baye Verde, to difcover if any thing has happened in that quarter, (ince the lafl command had marched that way. Two of the number of oxen, ftolen by the enemy lafl Auguft, deferted their new mailers, fwam a-crofs Tantamere river, and once more put themfelves under the protedlion of the Britifh flag. There being now no farther attendance required from the Officers who had been appointed to infpedl the King's works, they were this day paid off, with a polite compliment for their fervice. The embarkation of the baggage is much favoured by the weather to-day, which is warmer than it has been for fome time pad. This forenoon the above command returned to the fort : on Sunday evening (the ninth) they got upon the tracks of men and horfes before it was quite dark, and foon after came upon an abandoned camp *, with fires flill burning ; wherein they found a bottle of milk, a Brltilh pork barrel, fome flour, a fmall leather bag of balls and buck-fliot, alfo a firelock, which, by the marks, appeared to have formerly belonged to a man of the ranging com- pany, who, with an Officer and twenty five men, were way-laid % .1 * This muft not be fuppofed to be a camp of canvas tents, but a parcel of fheds or huts thrown up irregularly, and called by the Indians Wigwahms: they are made of fmall trees or branches faftened together, and covered clofc with the boughs of fpruce, and »g - ti HISTORICAL JOURNAL. and made prifoners fome weeks before our arrival here ; the night coming on a-pace, and the ground being advantageous, the Major occupied this camp, and immediately ported his centinels, giving all necelTary orders on this occalion. About midnight a party of the enemy (as is furmifed) returned to reconnoitre the difpofition of the detachment, but, being nearer to one of the centinels than they had fufpedted, he, upon hearing a ruftling noife in the buflies, gave an alarm, by difcharging his piece as near, as he could form a judge- ment, to the place the noife proceeded from ; this was inflantly repeated by the reft of the Gentries round their poft. The party immediately ftood to their arms, and the men fired fo furioufly, fome one way, and fome another, that it was with difficulty their Officers could reftrain them ; whether any fire was returned on the part of the enemy is uncertain ; there were no (houts nor yells heard, there- fore it is concluded, if any were there, they were furprifed, and ftole off, feeing our party fo numerous, and well fituated ; the de- tachment remained under arms until it was clear day-light, and the Gentries were doubled j the Officers continually vifiting them. In this affair, very fortunately, there were none killed, though four men were flightly wounded (I prefume by the impetuous firing of their own comrades j) — by the number of tents or wigvvahms which the enemy left ftanding, and the preffiire of many bodies upon the beds of fpruce where they lay, with various other circumftances, it is conje(5lured that they were not a fmall party; but, being, as I faid before, taken unawares, at the firft appearance of fo uncom- monly large a detachment, they retired to fome of their faftnefies, flattering themfelves that they would be purfued (for ihefe fellows will notfigiit without fome apparent advantagesj) they were, how- ever, difippointed, for, as foon as it was light enough to march with precaution, the Commanding Officer, purfuant to his orders, di- reded his courfe by a different route, back to the camp. — This affair has been varioufly reprefented, and fome circumftances have been told S3 Oaober. 1. V' Ilii'! ^'iiir 1 '' 4' 1 u if "%|J "I" 54 »7S7- Oaober. iith. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. told that I think art not probable, therefore I omit any mention of them ; however, what I have here related I have colledled from my materials, and I believe it to be as near as poffible to the ftate of the cafe. The enemy never fire a fingle ball, for they always load with fix or feven fmaller ones (which are called buck-fhot) be- fides their ufual muficet-ball ; and it is agreed by every body there was no fuch (hot fired that night. That the enemy had been in, and occupied that camp, previous to the command's marching out, I give intire credit to : but, at the fame time, I am inclined to think the ccntinel, who firft fired, was rather alarmed with his own apprehenfions, and perhaps a breeze, jufl: at that inftant, fpringing up, caufed a ruflling noife in the bufhes, which increafcd, as the wind continued. Upon the whole, by all that I can learn from the Britilli inhabitants of Nova Scotia, and Officers, as well as rangers, who have lived long in this country (and to which I mav now add my own fubfequent experience) I am induced to be- lieve, if there had been fo fmall a number as twenty of the enemy, and our party even fix hundred inftead of three, they would ailually have given a fire, raifed their accuftomed favage fhout, and then fled ; — for they are very enterprifing and clever in thofe woods ; their hatred of the Englifli is implacable, and their revenge beyoiid con- ception ; therefore, if one or two of thofe poor mifguided wretches were there, when the firft fliot was fired, they came as fpies, and muil only have withdrawn themfelves to their main body, as I have already obferved, with the hopes of decoying the detachment to a poft more fuitable to their own humour and manner of fighting j for there is no other confideration could have prevailed on them, at that time, to defert their camp, and the prefcnt opportunity. Fair weather to-day j the Succefs frigate failed on the eighth in- ftant for Annapolis Royal -, and this morning arrived his Majefty's Hoop Vulture to take charge of the tranlports. By an after order, the old garrifon are to remain fome time longer, and the 28th re- giment .^ ■%1 .V' ■i 111 mention :ed from the ftate y always hot) be- dy there been in, larching inclined ivith his inftant, icreaicd, an learn , as well which I d to bc- : enemy, actually md then is ; their ).id con- A'retches ies, and s I have lent to a ighting i hem, at y- ;hth in- lajelly's ;r order, 28th re- giment ■ii t^ :M HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ginient is to keep the field until it fhall be thought proper to em- bark the otliers ; their principal delay at prefent is to complete the magazine of coals for the ufe of this fortrefs. The 43d regiment embarked to-day, after a great deal of trouble, and many delays on the part of the Matters of tranfports, who were very tardy in fending their boats for them, infomuch that the re- giment was obliged to march and countermarch the marflies, to keep the men in motion until the evening j for they were above ancle-deep in mud and water, befides being expofed to the incle- mency of very tempeftuous weather. I cannot take leave of fort Cumberland, without giving a particular defcription of it, and its fituation. — Moil: hiftorians, and other writers, advance Beau Baflin and Beau Scjour to be at the bottom of the bay of Fundy; but I muft in this differ from them j for it is to me inconteftable, that the fource of a bay, or river, is the head of it. This bay is neither formed nor fed folely by the fea, but by innumerable tributary rivers and ftreams, which difgorge themfelves into the bafon and other parts of it, and run with a majeftic courfe down to the ocean, forming a current from four to (tvQn or eight miles in an hour : and. when the tide is at its lowefl ebb, the water is as frefli and fit for ufe, as any other water whatfoever ^ in like manner is the river St. Lawrence, and fure no man will infift, that the gulf or entrance of that river is the head of it, or that Quebec, Mon- treal, &c. are at the bottom of it: this being to me a clear cafe, I muil: advance that Beau Sejour, now fort Cumberland, is eredled at the head, and not at the bottom of the bay of Fundy; (perhaps I may be thought fmgular in this opinion, but I cannot prevail upon myfelf to depart from my own fentiments, and to adopt a fyflem, though generally received, fo repugnant to reafon.) The fort, which is a pentagon, is delightfully fituatcd on an enu- ence, that commands an agreeable and extenfive profped : it was ereded here by the French, after the treaty of Aix la Chapelle ; and was taken by Lieutenant-Colonel, no^v General Mon<.^tgn, in the S$ J7S7' Oaober. 1 2th. 1^1 •'^ 56 Oaober. " |i^ H HISTORICAL JOURNAL. the year 1755, fince which time it has undergone fome altera- tions and additions, and yet it is neverthelefs a miferable fortrefs ; the ramparts are raifed with turf, earth, and fafcines, which every year require fome repairs ; fo that, at beft, it can only be faid to re- femble a patch of new cloth on an old threadbare garment. The baftions are made of fquare timbers, and round the fcarp, below the parapet, is a frize, or row of pointed pickets, laid horizontally. Before our arrival here, there were fome hollows round the foot of the rampart, refembling a fofle, or ditch, which we have now made regular by the addition of an excellent glacis, whofe counter- fcarp is revefted with palifadoes, with their points rifing about two feet abov3 the head of this efplanade. There is only one gate, with a draw-bridge and fally-port to the fort ; and on the curtain, that looks to the blockhoufe (before defcribed) and adjacent country leading to Gafpereau and Baye Verde, is a long battery en barbeti but fuch is the weaknefs and infignificancy of this rampart, that its own guns, if difcharged for two or three hours fucceflively, as in a fiege, would tumble into the ditch, and lay all open for the enemy to march in. The artillery mounted here are fix nine and twelve pounders, with a few nine-inch mortars, and fome cohorns ; a good deal of ground has been lately taken in to inlarge this fortrefs, furrounded only by ftout pallifadoes, with loop-holes for mufketry, and the glacis is extended round the outfide of them : this addition, which is called the fpur, is a tolerable barrier, againft an Indian enemy, to the fort ; and, within that, are conftrudted good barracs for the better quartering of the troops, with feveral llore-houfes, work-fhcps, &f ' ontally. -•7 ' it foot of ve now ounter- ''h out two • • te, with ■'■.-. in, that ^' country ■■, I barbet't 'i irt, that vely, as ii' 1 for the ^ '.*.- line and J :ohorns ; rge this oles for f them : , againft W iftruded feveral nd con- mmoda- mafters. iberland fagnafli. Sejour : the 1 1 HISTORICAL JOURNAL, the country is fenny on that fide, ai it is likewife for three parts round the garrifon, and is gcneially overflowed by various fmall rivers that interfed thofe marflies ; yet the French were at much pains to reclaim them by drains and dykes, fo that, if ever this province (hould be fettled in right earneft, and fecured from infults or apprchenfions, and the new inhabitants fliould take the hint from their predecellbrs, thefe fwamps may be rendered as profitable and beautiful vales as are to be met with in any other country ; for they are very extenfive, furrounded by hills covered with woods and by water, and confequently would, with the alliftance of induftry, become not only fertile and advantageous to the proprietors, but alfo form as agreeable a landfcape as imagina- tion can conceive. The enemy had a chain of forts between this and Baye Verde, the principal whereof was at Gafpereau ; and they had a little town here, with a church and a decent chapel of boards and timber, with a parcel of fmall villages between this and the before-mentioned bay ; all which they burned and deftroyed, to prevent their being ufeful to us ; fo that, at prefent, there is no town, fiving a row of indifferent brick houfes *, between twenty and thirty in number; occupied by induftrious people, formerly Serjeants and foldiers, who, having been licenfed to futtle, have ac- quired fmall fortunes fuflicient to inable them to become mer- chants and dealers, and are confequently rendered ufeful, in fup- plying the troops with all manner of European cloathing, furniture, haberdafhery wares, liquors, provifions, &c. which they import from Bofton, New- York, and fometimes by tlie way of Halifax dired:ly from England. There are likewife a fet of mean wooden huts here, inhabited by artificers and fuch of the married foldiers, whofe families are not permitted to lie in the fort ; thefe, with the others before-mentioned make up the fum total of tlie Beau Monde • There is to be found in different parts of this province excellent clay, of which the French made bricks, tiles, earthen ware, isfc. VoL.L I in 5f »7S7- Oaobcf. ' ■ I 'A 1 ^iil! f-i ! r, M m J'! l' V'f m i ' . • I rV ■ \ !'■ ■A' 1 \ ,' ' I I tl. - il , i 'm I7S7- Oaober. 58 HISTORICAL JOURNAL, In this remote corner of the new world. I cannot difmifs this fiib- jedt without relating, that, when the French were in poflefiion of this garrifon, they had no artillery j however, being remarkably fruitful of invention, they were not at a lofs to deceive their ene- mies at fort Lawrence j for they provided a parcel of birch, and other, hard, well grown trees, which they fliaped and bored after the fafliion of cannon, fecuring them from end to end with cordage j and from one of thefe they conftantly fired a morning and evening gun (as is cuftomary in garrifons) but, upon the redudiion of this place> and a fpirited inquiry after the cannon, they found thenr.felves obliged to difcover their ingenious device. 13th. The 43d regiment being embarked, viz. fix companies for An- napolis Royal, on board the True Briton and Neptune tranfports; and the other four under the Major, in the Richard and Mary, with the Brotherhood, for fort Edward j we this evening received our failing orders as follows : " By Captain John Scaife, Commander of his Majefly's floop ** Vulture. ** You are hereby required and dire'ii I I/S , 'I ■ "l \i I ,.;r- i "I I! , 4 U'l ? i:; l|. 64 ^1757- Oaobcr. lilSTORICAL JOURNAL. knew nothing about them, nor the errand they were going upon ; in this affair the father of Anfelm fell ; the reft betooic themfelves to flight, and the party not purfuing immediately, as they did not yet know the number of the Indians, gave the old Chief time to recoUedt himfelf and efcape alfo.* This had fuch an effect on the Sachems and their companions, who concluded it to be the refult of treachery, that they thought it in vain to renew their follicita- tions, and (no doubt vowed revenge at a proper feafon) perfuaded that the Englifh were a faithlefs people j they refolved to return to their habitations, and remain quiet, until they (liould hear the fate of Clare and Anfelm j thefe circumftances being yet unknown to the Commanding Officer here, except an imperfedt account brought, within this fortnight, by a floop from fort Edward in this pro- vince, viz. that a fcouting party of the enemy had been way- laid near Lunenburg j that one old man was killed (this was fuppofed to be ^iie father of thefe captives) whom the reft carried off be- fore our people could venture upon a purfuit, &c. and, the two brothers not returning purfuant to their proniife, it was concluded they muft have been the fufpedted enemy^ and therefore it was refolved that Anfelm and Clare fhould be detained, and brought to Halif-^.x, there to be difpofed of as the Governor fhould think proper : as I was very particular in my defcription of thefe favages, I thought it neceffary to account for the manner in which they fell into our hands. The detachment we relieved here was com- manded by a Captain, and confifted of eighty effedlive men, be- fides Artillery-men, to the number of ten, including their Officer, who is a Lieutenant. They made a very fhabby appearance (I * It is cuftomary with the Indfans, upon the earlicft glirrofe of a flafh from an enemy's fire, to fall flat to the ground, as if killed ; and, after they have heard the report, they fpring up brifkly, and return the falute, followed by a (hout, and then run off} but, by what I can learn, thefe people had no arms, jr, if they had, being furprifed, and few in i.amber, they thought it better to retire. mean m ii '& ■'^ g upon ; smfelves ' did not time to 1 on the he refult folHcita- erfuaded return to • the fate nowp to brought, this pro- way- hiid fuppofed d ofF be- the two oncluded e it was brought Id think favages, ich they l^as com- cn, be- Ollicer, arance (I an enemy's report, they fF} but, by and few in mean J 4 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. mean the infantry) and did not trouble thcmfelves much about dlf- cipHne, nor were they regularly cloathed; their Officers feemed to be a good deal alhamed ; but I think great allowances fhould be made for troops, fituated as they were, who were worn out with hard labour and watching, and who rather looked upon thcm- felves in the light of flaves, or, at beft of- rangers, doomed to per- petual banifliment. The regiments ftationed in Nova Scotia have fuffered much in all refpedts, by their long confinement in this province, and their being fuhdivideJ (the very bane of difciplinc to a corps) into fmall detachments to garrifon fo many different places ; but, at length, by the arrival of an army this year at Hali- fax, the appearance, as well as regularity, of thefe European troops, and the out-parties, from the other regiments, being relieved, and called in, raifed an emulation among them immediately, upon their jundion ; they gradually improved, foon difcarded the ranging party coloured cloathing, and rc-affumed the air and fpirit of ex- pert regular forces. There is nothing can be more prejudicial to his Majcfty's fervice, and it can be no advantage to the mother- country, in many refpcds, to fuffer troops, or people in public employments, civil or military, to refide long in any of thofe re- mote garrifons or countries ; I could point out Tome judicious rea- fons in fupport of thefe fcntimcnts, but it is no longer requifite ; they arc, or feem to be, at this time fA?uw 1768) obvious to the ruling powers, and wifer meafures are now adopted.*" I mull, however, intreat the reader's patience to attend to what I am going to relate, as it is not altogether foreign to the fubje(5l, and, I ha\c been frequently affured, is matter of fadt. There is an old French * Some exceptions, it is true, may be made to this fyftem, bccaufc there are coun- tries fubjet^ to Great Britain, whofe inhofpltablc climates arc fatal, not only to Kuropcan:., but to Britifli conftitutions in particular ; therefore it may be impolitic to relieve fcafbned veterans too often : in fuch cafes, hov^'ever, there is no doubt, \.\\?^x. the grfuleji evil ought ahvci)s to be efchivaed. Vol. I. K gcnllewomati 65 , '7S7-- Oaobcr m •f i 'i tt Oaober. m % \K I'll HISTORICAL JOURNAL. gentlewoman here, of the Romifli perfuafion, whofe daughter.^, grand-daughters, and other relations, have, from time to time, intermarried with Officers, and other gentlemen of this garrifon, whereof feme of the former's were of refpedtable rank j the ladies foon acquired an influence, the fpirit of the foldier and the cha- ra(fleriftic of a good Officer were gradually changed, and fucceedcd by rufticity j the women, in fliort, did as they pleafed, provided they would indulge their good-natured hulbands in a pipe, and a chear- uping glafs extraordinary, in the evenings. The private men, whe- ther on guard, or employed, at the government's expence, ir» patching the decayed works of the fort, have been fent for to dig up gardens, or d'j fome other bufinefs, for the inhabitants of the towm, and, after earning an extra fliilling, repaired to a public- houfe to drown the cares of the day in the feafons of good fellovv- fhip, regardlefs of their duty, or the work they had, perhaps, been engaged at in the morning : if an Officer ventured to call one of thefe delinquents to an account, the anfwer was, ** I was fent for ** to finifli a jobb of work for Madam ;" and, if the foldier was confined, the old gentlewoman ordered him to be releafed by her own authority, which was deemed fufficient, and no farther in- quiries mufl be made into the matter. I am alfo afiiired that this good lady has adlually prefided at councils of war in the fort, when meafures have been concerting to diftrefs the common enemy, her good kindred and countrymen. The fimple relation of thefe mat- ters now a-days, appears very extraordinary : but, I believe, I may venture to affert, that they are no lefs to be relied on. I called at this gentlewoman's houfe one morning foon after we had been fet- tled, and, feeing a young man in blue cloaths, with a foldier's hat and lace on his head, I fuppofed he was an Officer's fervant, and therefore directed my eyes towards him and his hat, to try if he would take the hint; but the poor lad, though in foldier's pay> was an idiot ; his father had formerly been an Olficer of rank in much S HISTORICAL JOURNAL. much efteem here, and was married to one of her daughters j fhe, fceming highly offended at my viewing her grandibn fo fledfaftly, faid, •* I might look at him, but flie could aflure me he was a «« 's Ton, as good as mylelf, &c. &c." I unfortunately re- plied, that I fuppofcd he was the fon of a French militia , or words to that cffctl. I cannot defcribe her wrath at this an- fwer; (lie could no longer contain herfclf, and, after venting a great many choleric exprelTions, Ihe concluded with this fpeech, Mt' hirce rendered King Shorge more important fervices dan ever you did, or pent etre ever Jhall ; and dis be well knoivn to peoples en an- thorite. To which an Officer, who accompanied me, anfwered, Fery true, Madam ; I fuppofe it icas in council. — He was going to add fometliing more, but the lady grew fo outrageous, that we found it was time to decamp. All meafures, however, in confequence of thefe connections, have been long fmce changed by deaths and removals j I fliall therefore proceed to a defcription of this flimous fortrefs, which has had the honour of being, if not under the jurif- didlion, at leaft the influence, of this fage and able female counfellor : " Annapolis Royal is of a quadrangular form, and (lands on an artificial height, which, with the ramparts, arc raifcd by loofe fandy earth, faced with timbers j it is fituatcd clofe to a pleafant river, which takes its name from the garrifon, and lies S. E. of the entrance, leading from the b?y of FunJy, at the diftance of fomewhat better than four leagues. It has four b.iltions or batte- ries, one at each angle; it has one gate, a draw-bridge, a:ul two barriers, with a folic, a covered wav, and a [rood crlacis : the cur- t-iirip, to the Eali, Weft, and South, are flanked by ravelins, or balf-moons; and to the North, bv the river ; v»'ith the town running eailward along the fhore, which is proteded, at the upper extre- mity, by a blockhoufe, built on a peninfula, called Hoglfland; and on the S. S. W. ftands another, leading to the country, to prevent any furprifc on that quarter. Under the north curtain, K 2 on 67 »757- Odtobcr. :( :Vf m T •: I il.m I- 1757- Odtober. Eif;-.: I „ ,,, ^ll: I ili r.: HISTORICAL JOURNAL. on the level of the covered vv'ay, is a Barbet battery faced with brick, and well fituated ; it mounts lix twenty-four pounders pointed down the river, and a thirteen-inch mortar ; behind this battery, in the ditch, {lands the powder magazine, whofe com- munication with the garrifon is by the fally-port. The fofle, or ditch, which is dry, is very broad and of a proper depth, in thfe center whereof, between the fcarp and counterfcarp, Aands a wall of palifadoes, ranged clofe together. The garrifon mounts about thirty pieces of cannon, mortly twelve and nine pounders, w^itlr fome fmaller ones, and feveral mortars of different caHbers ; but the works are in a ruinous condition, there are no communications between the body of the place and the ravelins : thefe laft feem to be entirely negle: ■ 1 1 7« ^'757- Odtober. aSth. 27th. «( (( <( HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ** The Newark, drove into Halifax, threw eight guns over- " board. ** The Invincible loft all her marts. ** The Sunderland loft her main and mizen marts. ** The Captain and Eagle loft all their mafts. ** The Centurion and Frederic the fame. ** The Tilbury — loft. About 175 fouls out of 400 were all that could be faved ; they were drove afliore on the ifland, and the French took them up, and fent them foon after, under a Hag of truce, to Halifax. ** The Nottingham loft her mizen mafts. ** The Devonfliire was fmcc feen at fea without her marts. " The Naffau and Grafton the fame. The Windfor threw fifteen guns over-board. The Ferret floop is milling ; it is feared flie is loft. The Cruifer (loop loft her moving mizen maft and all her guns." The Governor and his fquadron failed this day for Halifax, with a fair wind, under convoy of the Succefs frigate, who waited here for them j we discovered this night a large fire in the woods about two leagues up the river, on the North fide ; this piece of info- lence, we are told, is one of the baits laid by the enemy, in or- der to decoy a party to go in purfuit of them. Soft open weather thefe two days, yet gloomy and very cold. Some horfes, which the enemy rtole from the inhabitants of this place laft fummer, appeared, this afternoon, on Mayafs Hill, near two miles from hence; (this eminence is the utmoft limit of our clear, open ground, South of the fort ;) two or three Officers, with a Serjeant and twelve men, went out to intercept their retreat to the woods i but they were fo fliy and wild, that the party found it imprafticable j fo they returned without them. (( (( <( (( 1 Fair I her :old. this near our with treat larty Fair PI, HISTORICAL JOURNAL, Fair weather with, a very fliarp air: another party of volunteers, conlilling of Oriicers and foldicrs, feeing the horfcs before-men- tioned return to the hill, went out in the afternoon, divided thcm- felvcs, and, after fome courfing, got between them and the woods ; whereupon a few fignal ihots were difcharged by the rabble un- der their cover, and they fet up a hideous Ihout j as the party ap- proached the garrifon with their prize, two of the enemy appeared on the fliirt of the wood, and fired their pieces, hoping thereby to draw our people after them into a fnarc ; but the Oliicers hav- ing, at tlicir fcttiiig out, received pofitlvc orders to keep clear of the forells and thickets, they returned with their booty, being eight in number, ani drove them into the fort. The inhabitants came this day to the Commanding Olliccr, claimed, and made a formal demand of, the horfes brought home yellcrday ; the Olhcers, being immediately fent for, transferred their right to the foldiers of the party, and the Colonel was dcfirous that fome fmall gratuity might be given to the men, to encourage them to go on fuch kind of fervices hereafter; efpccially as tlicic claimants acknowledged they would not have ventured themfclves for their horfes, without a good party to fuilain them (becaufe they have had frequent experience of the enemy lT<.ulking in hollow ways, and under the fides of banks near to the hill, for feveral days, to take a fealp or a prlfoner;) at length the Colonel, feeing the honeil burghers would neither pay falvage, nor leward the men in any refpedt, gave them up their horfes, that there might be no room tor preferring a complaint againll an Odicer or foldier under his command. Clear v/eather, with a fmart froft, after two days heavy rain. The garrifon contradted with a merchant to fupply them all this winter with beef anu mutton, at f^ur-pence per pound j pork and veal (as long as the latter can be got) at fix-pence ; milk, whicii is ?. fcarce article, we pay for at the rate of three-pence /^cv quart, and eggs from eight-pence to one lliilling/v/' dozci: ; the want of Vol. L L foft 73 J757- Odtobei-. 2 5 ill. bci- Hi. nf: i' 'i m flLi, ■ n ^ ^ f' I' IIS i .'I f:J' I, 4.' I '' I'M ,> IH J. All the men off* duty were fent to the orchards call ward of May- afs Hill, for a quantity of apples for the garrifon ; two Captains, a Lieutenant, two Enfigns, and our Chaplain, went volunteers, and obtained a covering party, which, with town's-pcople, artificers, &;c. completed our command to about fifty armed men j as foon as we palled the barrier, a Corporal and fix men were advanced to fcour the country. After we had reached the orchards, about three miles from the fort, the covering party were ranged in fuch manner as to prevent any furprife, while the reft filled bags, ha- verfacks, bafkets, and even their pockets, with fruit ,• a moft grate- ful treat to our poor foldiers in particular, fo long accuftomed to a fait diet, without any vegetables. After we had fent thefe meri back to the garrifon with their agreeable lading, the armed party divided themfelves into two feparate bodies, to take a tour through the country for a few hours; our plan was to purfue different routes, mutually promifing to came to each oth.r's aHlflance, .n cafe of being attacked : we agreed to meet at a particular place by the river-fide, which our guides had fixed upon ; and the firft who fliould reach this rendezvous were to whiftle three times, and wait a reafonable fpace for the other; and, if the whole (hould not unite in half an hour, the divifion that fhould reach firfl were to cut three large notches in a tree with a hatchet, then return to the orchards, and wait until the remainder flwuld join, marking, at different i HISTORICAL JOURNAL. different places, a tree, to ferve as a beacon or guidance to tlic others. Accordingly, one divifion direded their courfe by the fivcr-fide, keeping however under cover, while the other Aruck into the country to the fouthward. After we had reached the appointed rendezvous, which is computed about eleven miles from Annapolis, tlie lignals were made, but no anfwer returned ; we even waited long beyond tlie appointed time, and made fcveral kinds of noife, yet had no profpecfl of our companions ; two of the artificers, contrary to orders, fired at fome ducks (which, being killed on the water, were carried down with the current) and the great reverberating report of thefc two fliots was not even pro- dudlive of any fignal on the part of the reft of our detachment; fo that we returned to the orchards by the fame way that we had before taken, following our own marks we had left on the trees. We ported a few centinels, and then made fires to warm us ; but it was near two hours before the other divifion rejoined up, and, through fome miftake of their guide, who had bewildered himfelf in thofc forcfts, they were not able to make the appointed ren- dezvous. Upon our juntflion we compared notes ; the river party faw fome tracks of horfes, and found fome ordure quite frcfli, which appeared to be human ; however, from various circum- ftances, we rather believed it to be that of a bear, to which it is faid to have fome refemblance. The divifion who had dire(fted their courfe to the fouthward faw no tracks of man or beafl:, neither did they hear the two fliots that were fired, nor any otiier noife ; their guide feemed fliy every rtcp he took, from which they concluded he was frightened, and thereby milled them. The French have been at great pains here in clearing and planting thefc orchards, and, indeed, finer-flavoured apples, and greater variety, cannot in any other country be produced; there is alfo great plenty of cherry and plumb trees ; but the fruit were either ga- thered, or had rotted and fallen off. TJicfe people have left large L 2 patches 75 '757- Novem- ber, l\\ i t^$ m 'A .r.r I ii< V] <^ n /a /A ? IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I III 1.8 11.25 11.4 11.6 — 6" Photographic Sciences Corporation V. ^^ /. O > / i^o sr A Ef 1 A V :\ \ <6 C^ % >.- '<#^' 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 i' ■ ■'[ •1 ': If! ' ■' , ■! . II .J' ill "I, t i: i "r S i'llll in ' f 76 J757- J>J' Af'lll- b«.r. 4th. Sth. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. patches of clear ground, with tufts or fmall patches of fpruce trees at certain diftances, which in winter, or bad M^eather, fervcd their cattle for fhelter, and now themfelves for ambufcades, when they are difpofed to way-lay our people ; the branches of this tree are large and bu(hy, forming a thick cover : there are various kinds of it (as fhall be hereafter recited) fome whereof grow up into tim- ber, and others are dwarfifh ; this laft fpecies is that which favours their barbarous ftratagems, being as impenetrable to the eye as a brake of furze. We met with the ruins of feveral habitations, and many veftiges of induftry 3 where the country was cleared, the foil appeared to be tolerably rich and good, and the grafs incon- ceivably long, with great plenty of it, though very coarfe. Upon the return of the firfl divifion to the orchards, for they lie in iight of the fort, the foldiers off duty were again fent out with facks and a pair of horfes, which we loaded, and returned to our garrifon by a different route from that we had taken in the morning, wherein we found fome difficulties, fuch as fwamps, thick underwood or brufh, &c. which, together with a violent fnow that fell at the fame time, and beat in our faces, foured our excurfion, and rendered the latter part of the day difagreeable and very fa- tiguing. It froze hard laft night -, to-day we have foft open weather -, the Sufanna floop, from New- York, arrived this morning, with ftores and provifions j as every veffel is productive of fome variety, the Mailers of them are fure of meeting with a very hofpitable recep- tion from the Officers ; we generally find them plain honeft men and fair dealers, for they always, whether freighted on the Go- vernment's account or otherwife, bring fome articles with them that they know will be acceptable, and, being punctually paid, they come as often as they can. The weather has changed to froft, and has been very fevere thefe three days. . Cold, vy I i loth. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 77 Cold, raw, and wet, with a thick foggy air. xr''^^"* This being the anniverfary of his Majefty's birth, the fame re- ber 9th fpedful rejoicings were obferved as on the 23d ult. with this ad- ditional circumftance, that the Commandant poHtely entertained the o-arrifon, and the foldiers were indulged with an advance of one Ihilling per man to thofe who were not on duty, and the fame to the others, when they were relieved, on the day follow- ing ; fifteen guns, and three vollies from the grenadier company, were difchargcd after dinner, on drinking the healths of our gra- cious Monarch and his Royal Family. The fevere winter weather begins gradually to fleal upon us ; it is fair to-day, and the wind extremely fharp. 12th. m 'm On account of the various reprcfentations of this climate by authors and travellers, I propofe to continue my diary of the weather until thefirjl of May next, and then decline ity except on fomc very uncQ?nmon change^ or remarkable event. Clear, dry, frofty weather and fun-fliine : arrived the Swift fchooner from Halifax, lall: from fort Cumberland j the Mafter in- forms us, that a few nights ago (the 9th inft. in the evening) a party of French and Indians came down and cut away a floop, that lay at anchor in the creek at the head of the bafon j fhe was about lixty tons burden; that there were only a man and boy on board, when the enemy came and took poileflion of her, they being a fleep in the cabbin : that they worked her up Chepordie river; but, being immediately purfued, both by land and water, by a vigorous fally of regulars and rangers from the fort, the rabble fet fire to and abandoned her; the party came up with her before ihe was much damaged, and had time to fave fome fugars, and other articles, that lay in ca(ks in the hold. About two hours before this happened, Mr. Arbucle, the Mafter, carried on Ihore twelve hundred dollars he had brought for the fubfiflence of the garrifon. As this is neither the ijJi, '41; ■"»■■! J ' ■ .'(! ^ m ' 'ifiiji m 1 li i )'). : m> i II n i: IfM ' V mr •; 'irl; i'li Novem- ber. 78 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. the firft nor fecond ad of this kind that has happened fince we re- covered that part of the country, it is furprifing fome efFedual means are not taken to prevent fuch flagrant infults ; for, if the ene- my were to become mafters of a trader or two, they would in a fliort time reduce fort Cumberland to great ftreights ; a good block- houfe with a couple of guns, eredled on a convenient fpot (of which ther Bre many) and furrounded with a llout palifado work, would prevent fuch accidents for the the future, be a great defence to the inhabitants, and alfo contribute much to the fafety of their cattle, when turned out upon the marHies ; this creek being very little (hort of an Englifli mile from the garrifon. We likewife learn that, fmce we left that place, the enemy have been fo troublefome as to appear in fmall parties of two or three, in different places round them; that the rangers are always fcnt out when they have the im- pudence to fliew themfelves ; but, as it is impoflible, by the fituation of that place, to make a detachment from the fort without their knowledge, there is no coming up with them ; for, before they can reach the fkirts of the wood, the rabble may be at two miles dif- tance. 15th. Soft, open weather : this evening arrived the Trial floop of and from Philadelphia, with King's ftores and provilions ; the Mafter of her, who is one of the Friends, is an intelligent, converfable man, and informs us, that Governor Morris has concluded treaties of peace with ten Indian nations, called the Shawanefe and Delaware Indians, whofe refidence is chiefly on the river Safquehannah ; that they have received a prefent of 8000I. fterling, five of which were given by Pennfylvania, and the remainder by the Government ; and that a great part of this fum is to be applied, at their own requeft, to purchafe arms, ammunition, working tools, blankets, and other cloathing of Britilh manufadure, for their ufe. The honeft Quaker farther fays, that it is univerfally expedled, affairs will aflfiime fuch an afped this winter, as probably to produce in the enfuiiig cam- paign, great events and glory to the Britilli arms. Soft |yi^.ii' ^B HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 79 Soft weather and gloomy ; about one o'clock it grew exceeding ^757 ovcm ■ 1 8th. 19th. ■ » dark; this was fucceeded by a violent ftorm of wind, that laftcd bci 17th for three hours, and was then followed by a very heavy rain, which brought on fine weather in the evening. Foggy air and wet weather : arrived the Mafter Mafon floop from New-York, with King's flores and provifionsj this veflel brings us an account of fome fuccefsful fkirmifhes between our light troops and the favages to the fouthward, but no particulars : the Earl of Loudoun has ordered all the cadets, or volunteers of the army, to ferve among the rangers, until the opening of the next campaign. Surprifing fine weather to-day for the feafon, with fun-fliine j two Officers, with a Serjeant and twelve rank and file, marched this morning to fort Faggot, which they compute to be about ten miles diftant, nnd returned late in the evening ; the wood is regularly brought up from thence in floops to the quay, whence it is carried by the foldiers off duty up to the covered way, and laid in piles or cords. A hard frofl to-day. Showery weather, very cold, and blows hard. A hard froft, clear and pleafantj a party marched out to cover fome Officers, who went on a tour of pleafure i they killed a good many partridges and fquirrels, and returned in the evening. Severe weather, with Hiowers of fleet, and haad frofl: i the wood cutters and covering party returned this day to the garrifon from fort Faggot, and made as droll and grotefque an appearance as a detachment of Hungarian or Croatian irregulars, occafioned by the length of their beards, the difordered fhape of their hats, and the raggednefs of their party-coloured cloathingj for fome had brown, others blue watch-coats (buckl d round their waifts with a cartouch- box ftrap) and fome were in their threadbear uniforms; in (hort they had very little of the Britifh regular about them, and it could not be otherwife, the kind of fervice whereon they had been em- ployed 20t!:. 2lft. 22d. 23d. ; 'H.1 : wM n l£ i: ■ ■(■ ■; i' ' • 'm if! I: W Novem- ber. 23d. 2Sth. 26th. 27th. 29th. joih. Decem- ber lit. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ployed diriy confidered j but I have faid enough on this fubjedl be- fore, refpcfting troops long ftationed in this province, who muft in a great meafure lay aiide the uniformity of the clean, fmart foldier, and fubftitute, in his ftead, the flovenly, undifciplined v/ood-hewer, fand-digger, and hod-carrier. A floop arrived this day from Bofton, with ftores j by whom the Colonel has received an order, that the Ofiicers and men muft be provided with all manner of camp equipage and neceffaries, by the firfl day of March next. This affords great pleafure, as it opens to us a profpedt of being relieved and going upon fervice with the army, the enfuing campaign. Cold weather thefe two days, with rain and fnow alternately. It froze hard laft night, and blows frefli to-day; the cold is much more fevere than we have hitherto perceived it j as it ftrengthens, our foldiers become more healthy. Froft and fnow ; the Nova Scotia winter now fcts in with hafty ftrides ; we had pleafant fkaiting on the ice to-day. We fee frequent fires, on the north fide, in the woods up the river. The Sea Flower floop, from Biddeford (New England) ar- rived this day in ballaft, lall: from fort Cumberland j he fays all is well there; being alked his reafon for coming up, as he had no packet or any thing elfe for us, he replied, that, fufpedling bad weather and a contrary wind, he ran into the bafon, and intended to come to an anchor ; but, feeing a great fmokc in the woods and feven or eight canoes on the fliore, he concluded it would not be fafe to flay there ; herein we fee one of tlie bad confequences of not having a vellel ilatloned here, for the proteftion of this river. This being St. Andrew's day, the f.une was obferved by the Officers and other Gentlemen of thisgarrifon : it froze and thawed alternately, all thefe lafl: twciity-four hours, witli very a fliarp air. Some fnow fell laft night; hard froft, and clear fun-fliine; fix Officers, and a party of foldiers, all volunteers, amounting in the whole thirty armed men, went out to fcour the country ; as to route 'n'i •:■ n ■ IP! HISTORICAL JOURNAL. route was through the orchards to the eaflward of Mayafs Hill, we took all the Officers' fervants and other men off duty, loaded them with apples, and fent them back to the fort ; after which, the day being pleafant, we agreed to extend our walk, and take a view of the country j we foon got upon the tracks of cattle, which we cafily difcovered by the fnow on the ground ; and, when we had marched about five or fix miles, we came upon human footfteps : fome of them had the impreflion of a Moggofan*, or Indian flipper; and others of a fharp-toe'd Ihoe, with a high fliort heel ; thefe laft, as our guide informed us, are what are ufually worn by the French regulars, and fometimes by Canadians, who often pafs into this country, either to join the natives in fome of their enterprifes, or to traffic with them : we alfo got upon the tracks of horfes, and found fome of their dung before it was cold, and afterwards fome pieces of apples indented with human teeth, which had not yet changed their co- lour J from thefe and other circumflances (needlefs to be recited) we had reafon to think the enemy had difcovered us, and were re- tired to one of their faftnefles : thefe are generally on a road or path, by which they exped their enemy mull pafs ; however we ftill 8r »757- "^■^ • The reader is defired to obferve, as he wiil frequently meet with this epithet in the courfe of this work, that thefe flippers are generally made of the fkin of beaver, elk, calf, (beep, or other pliant leather, half drefled : each Moggofan is of one intire piece, joined or fcwed up in the middle of the vamp, and clofed behind like the quarters of a Hioe ; they have no additional fole or heel-piece, and mufl: be ufed with three or four fiize focks, or folds of thick flannel wrapt round the foot ; they are tied on the iuftep with thongs of the fame leather, which are faftencd to the joining behind, and run through the upper part of the quarters ; they are exceeding warm, and much fitter for the winters of this country than our European fhoe, as a perfun may walk over (beets of ice without the leafl danger of falling : the meaner fort of French and Indians make them of a tougher and thicker leather, but the heads of tribes, and better kind of French, afFeit a more gay, drefly fort, with very broad quarters to them, that turn over like the deep or broad neck of a fliirt} and this part, as well as the vn.ip from the toe upwards, is curioufly ornamented with narrow flips of red cloath, covered with white, green, and blue beads fewed on in various whimfical figures. *^* This brogue, or {hoe, is peculiar to the favages. Vol. I. p,l awfched f 1. I / ' 'mw "i '• Irifii: Bii-dt.tJ;-! 7 ' M !i' vm 82 '757- De."-'m- bcr. I '*)■ 1 , 1, m HISTORICAL JOURNAL. marched on, and, coming foon after upon frefh footfleps of men, we halted our party, animated our foldiers, and charged them not to fufifer themfelves to be furprifcd, or terrified by fliouts or yells : they promifed, * they would not yield an inch, but would fland by us like good foldiers :* accordingly we advanced in excellent or- der, following the enemy's fteps to a houfe or cabbin, in the center cf a clear piece of ground, which our guide told us was called Pr^ J^ond (it being of a circular form) about ten miles from the garri- fon J we found the door was faft, and, not feeing any key-hole or other mark on the outfide, by which it was fecured, we naturally concluded that it muft be bolted on the infide, and that we had now caught fome of the river vermin in their own trap ; where- upon we furrounded it, and called to the enemy, in French, to open the door and furrender ; but, receiving no anfwer, we declared we would inftantly fet fire to it,— and immediately one of our men, more impatient than the reft, with fome difficulty forced the door and ruflied in with his bayonet only in his hand ; it is not to be wondered we received no anfwer to our menacing challenges, for the birds were flown. It was not a dwelling, but a ftore-houfe, and was partly under ground ; there were three rows of fhelves on every fide of it, covered with long wheaten ftraw, on which lay a choice colledion of apples j the floor was likewife covered with ftraw and fruit, which were the beft we had met with fince we came into the country j there was nothing elfe in the houfe, except a few pair of wooden flioes, and a fmall vefliel refembling an half peck. As foon as the detachment had filled their pockets and haverfacks with part of their plunder, we fet fire to the houfe, and only tarried until we faw it paft all recovery j while we were thus employed, our guide examined the field, and difcovered in the fnow the tracks of a fmall party of men, which he followed, as far as he could with fafety, and came back to report to us ; he told us he knew which way the enemy were gone j that their route led to a mill. '^^ i as HISTORICAL JOURNAL. mill, where there was a river, and (to ufe his own words) * wicked a pafs * as any in the country.* We confulted whether there was no poffibility of taking a tour, fo as to come on the back of them in that place ? He anfwered in the negative, the day being fo far advanced : (6 we agreed it would be mod prudent to avoid any night-work, and accordingly, direding our guide to re-conduft us by a different path to Annapolis, we proceeded on our re- turn by a lower road, v/hcre we perceived many footfleps up and down the country, and three or four fcattered huts > thefe we look- ed into, but, finding nothing in them, we would not lofe time, by ftaying to burn them; we did not meet with any thing remarkable until we had reached the back of the orchards, which was about three miles and an half from our garrifon, and S. S. E. of it; and there we difcovered in a clofe thicket an abandoned camp, and from many circumftances they could not be fewer in number than fifteen or fixteen, nor was it long fince the enemy had been there, as plainly appeared by the fmall trees they cut down for fuel j while we were viewing and making our obfervations, we heard a noife, when immediately a dog barked, and howled afterwards as if filenced by force ; this being an advantageous place, we formed our men, and flayed above half an hour, in hopes they would return to their camp, our guide and three men advanced together about two muf- ket-lhots' diftance from us, towards the place whence the noife pro- ceeded i and by his account they h:A been lately here, for he faw their tracks every- where, and wac •■■-rkiaded they liad v/ithdrawii themfelves either to increafe their numbers, or in the hopes of de- coying us after them to a place where they thought they might 83 •7S7- Decem- ber. '( : n m Ml Ui: 1, * I am informed by fome of our men who were made prilbncrs on the 6*.h of this month (as will hereafter appear) and made their cfcape the fummer following, that the enemy told them they faw us burning their ftore-houfe ; that they (wore tlicy would be revenged of us before our return to the fort, and had aftually retired to Barnaby's mills, in order to way-lay us, as they expected we would proceed iiulhcr up into the country. M 2 'Ave :51!r 'If {I ... ,,, i I" i II' 1 -ifll l\ '^ i: I:| ■ : ^ J ■.![■■:'. lii ill ■ ;v ■ t 4' 1 iiiiii;-. sb 84 1757. lur. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. give us a coup defurprife with greater fafety ; this not being impro- bable, and the evening drawing on a-pace, we repaired to the fort, without any accident, or other remarkable occurrence : we found all our friends uneafy about us, as we had been cxpedled to dinner j and, had we continued out much longer, a detachment was to have been fent in purfuit of us. Variable weather thefe two days. — Upon finding the enemy ftill numerous in Nova Scotia, for I always apprehended they, or the greateft part of them, had been feized and fent out of the pro- vince, I was naturally induced to make fome inquiries on that fub- jedl J and the only information I could receive was, that forty-eight families, who formerly refided, and were well fettled on this river, had retired with their effeds to th.; mountains, and other inaccelH- ble places, to wait the event of the war ; they were generally re- puted neutrals, and were aflured, that, if they would take the oath of allegiance to his Britannic Majefty, and fwear neither to aflift, traffic, nor correfpond with the French, their allies, or the fub- jedts of France in Canada, they (hould not be molefted ; but this they obftinately declined, whereupon, fearing compullion might be ufed, or rigorous meafures taken with them, they thought it fafcft to withdraw ; and now, in order to procure a livelihood, they are obliged to have recourfe to robbing and plundering, and the Governor-General of Canada has taken them under his protec- tion, by placing an Officer among them, fupplying them with arms and ammunition, and rewarding them for fcalps and prifon- ers. What number of fighting men they had among thofe fami- lies, or in any other part of the province, I never could learn for cer- tain i but have procured a return of the men, women, and chil- dren that were fhipped off to the continent, on the breaking out of this war, with their deftinations, &c. &c. a copy of which I fhall here prefent the reader : I alfo obtained the names of the fugitives,, or thofe who had retired ; but I decline inferting them, as they are of no confequence, A lift \ i / ./ »l HISTORICAL JOURNAL. A lift of the fliips, tonnage, and the number of days for which they were victualled, with the number of French inhabitants of both fexes, that were taken from hence, and their deftinations. 85 Ucccm- bcr. ^ 330 H *> ^ en C H Ships Names and Dcllinations. 2 1 ? 3 n a 12 s a- 323 The Helena, lor liofton 28 166 ^2 108 1 1 1 The Edward, for Conne', ■ . 1 fj,' ■ m • ! : .'if I > :ti •||;^'|l|h ■'^""'■•ii:«Jr 4 ■' ■ li 86 1757. Decem- ber. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. thcmfclves to flight towards the water-fide, the ground being there clear and open ; one of our beft grenadiers was killed on the fpot ; fix men were made prifoncrs with Mr. Eafon, the Mailer-Carpen- ter of the garrifon. The troops in the fort were inilantly alarmed ; a Captain, two Subalterns and feventy men, were ordered to go over to the afiill- ance of the party, and in purfuit of the enemy ; however, there not being any barge, flat, or boat on the river to ferry fuch a num- ber over (for there were only a fmall wliale-boat and an old crazy canoe on the fliore) the detachment was countermanded for the prefent : two Officers went voluntiers, and took over with them a Serjeant and twelve rank and file ; but even this, for want of pro- per boats, was attended with delay; as foon as they had all crofled the river, they proceeded into the woods, and tracked the enemy and their prifoners, fome of whom they believe arc wounded, for they traced their blood above two miles from the place where the wood-cutters had been way-laid ; the Officers, being injoined by the Colonel not to go too far, returned, and brought with them the corpfe of the grenadier, who was ftrippcd of every thing except his breeches, but they had not time to fcalp himj the enemy re- turned to the fame place in the evening, fired a J'cu dejoiey and fet up a fhout ; whereupon a detachment of two Captains, two Lieute- nants, two Enfigns, four Serjeants, two Drummers, and one hundred rank and file, with four guides, were ordered out to fcour the country, and endeavour, if poffible, to crofs the river above, not only to recover the prifoners, but aUb to give a fenfible check to the rabble for their infolence ; we were reinforced by a Captain, an Enfign, three young Gentlemen Cadets, fome townfmen and a few foldiers, who all turned out voluntiers, which augmented our command to one hundred and thirty armed men : we marched out in the dulTc of the evening, and immediately it began to rain, and continued until it was dark, and then it poured '.IB HISTORICAL JOURNAL. poured heavily for ibmc hours j the darknefs of the night ohligcd us to halt fcvcral times, until our guides, with an advanced guard, went forward to Hud out the road, which the thickncfs of the woods and the obfcurity of the night rendered dilHcult ; the rear of our detachment loft themfelves, and, as foon as tliey per- ceived it, one of the Officers fired two fhots, as a fignal to halt the van, who had hy this time reached the fording-place at Saw-mill - creek (a fmall river about fourteen yards over) and here, the marlh being fpacious and clear, we halted until the whole (liould join ; it is conjcdtured thefe two (hots alarmed the country, but there was no avoiding it, and it was a pre-concerted fignal : in the fpace of half an hour the remainder of our detachment came up, and we then waded the creek, which luckily was not above knee-deep, for as this, as well as the main river, is always confiderably fwelled by the tide of flood, fo it would not have been paflable at high wa- ter, which would have retarded our march, and put us to great inconvenience ; as foon as we had all crofled over, we halted, to put our men in good order, and then — proceeded brifkly, the country being open, until we reached Jofeen's village, diftant about feven miles from Annapolis j and, finding it impracticable to proceed far- ther, by reafon of many trenches and other obftru(ftions in the roads, we retired to an adjacent field, where flood the ruins of an old houfe, and fome wooden fences adjoining to it ; here it was agreed to lie on our arms until morning. It had hitherto rained very hard, but the weather cleared up by the wind's fliifting to the North-eaft, and it blew frefh with an intenfe froft, inconceivable for its fudden tranfition from foft rain, and its feverity : we did not venture to make a fire, left the enemy fhould be farther alarmed ; and, as we were all wet, and the night fo extremely cold that we could not fleep, we refrefhed curfelves with victuals and drink, and walked about, for the remainder of the night, with our arms in our hands^ Hard ,'757- Decem- ber. 1 i^: ami ■*'<'■[ m ■ f! it M ' ] i't. ■■) r ^'1 ''* i.l„ f ■"( ■I Iff ' ■'itli 1 i^' 'i' ri 88 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. '757- Hard froft with fome fhowers of fleet: as foon as the day had bcr 7th. dawned, our detachment was formed, and we fet forward, directing our courfe under cover of the woods as much as poflible, to avoid being difcovered : about nine o'clock we cro(I(:d two branches of Barnaby's river, which is about twelve miles from the garriibn : the ground leading to the fo; Jing-place is high and woody on this fide, and very low on the other : the defcent is a narrow, winding, fleep road, oppofite to which, after you pafs the river, is a thick orchard inclofed with a fence of boards between five and fix feet high : this flanks the pafs on the right hand, — and the remains of a large faw-mill and ofiices, — the left. Here we had fome expeda- tJons of meeting with the enemy, it being reputed a dangerous pafs ; for, as the planks, wherewith the orchard is inclofed, are not laid clofe by two inches, thefe fpaccs would well anfwer the fervice of muflcetry j fo that, after we got down the hollow road, and pafl^ed one arm of the river, a dozen tolerable markfmen wi*^hin-fide of this fence would do great execution among us, while as m ny more might run down from the thickets which were a little hi^ er up, poflefs themfelves of the precipice behind us, and a fewer nu iber alfo oc- cupy the old houfes to the left, and thereby get the d achment be- tween three diftind fires. This is fo feafible, that it ould not ad- mit of any doubt of effedual fuccefs ; and my reafc for being fo particular, in my defcription of the place, will be ki wn before the return of our detachment to the garrifon ; having met with no an- noyance here, we vainly flattered ourfelves we had fl:olen a march upon the enemy, and that we fliould foon furprife them in their fettlements, either on this, or the north fide of the main river. We continued our route through very difficult and difagreeable forefls, ' . fome rough, and others fwampy j andj about one o'clock, we croflcd Renne Foret bridge, another defile that afterwards proved fatal to «iiany of our party — . We came now upon the tracks of Moggafans, and alfo of foine horfes, which it was evident, by the fnow or fleet that f I r- ? "Ij* €^ HISTORICAL JOURNAL. that had fallen this morning, were quite new ; whereupon wc quickened our pace until wc arrived at Peter Godct's, about twenty- four miles from the fort; it Is the firft fordlng-place called the Freflies. Here it was intended we fliould crofs the river Annapolis, fall upon the enemy's fettlements, and return by the road they had taken with their prifoners on the 6th inllant ; but, from the depth of water and mud, it was not poflible. We faw three horfes on the north fide, which we were of opinion were thofe we had traced, and had with their riders fwani over the river : finding we were difap- apointed here, we poffeiTed ourfelves of a thicket on an eminence to the right of the road, (it being too late In the day to attempt any thing farther, and we had neither halted or rcfrefhed fince we left Jofeen's Village this morning:) This Is called Godet's Village. Here we incamped, and indulged ourfelves with fires : we made beds of fpruce tops, laid in a circular form, with a fire in the center, and fhaded round the windward fide with larger branches : thus we lay after the manner of the Indians. We ported a proper number of centinds, who were relieved every hour, and the Subalterns vifited them every quarter of an hour : their orders were to challenge every body, and oblige them to give a counterfign, which was Brell, (for we too fanguinely flattered ourfelves, by intelligence we had received from Bofton, that this port and harbour were under Britifli colours. After we had fecured our camp, and refted ourfelves, one of the Officers, and Mr. Dyfon, our principal guide, with a Serjeant and twelve men,, were ordered co try once more if they could wade the river, but with no better fucccfs than before. In their making tliis attempt, feveral fignal-Ihots were fired by the enemy on the oppoiltc lide. In the evening we made a third attempt to ford the river, and found it utterly imprafticable. In returning through a thicket to the eaftward of our camp, we made a prize of thirteen flieep, which wc inftantly killed, and divided among the detachment, referving only one for the Officers and guides, which we roafted after the Indiaii Vol. I. N manner -f*, 89 '7S7- Decem- ber. 'li', ■.:';4| !• ill. 'm\ 9P ^1757- Decem- ber 8tli. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. manner-f", and afforded us a comfortable repall: j but we unfortunately paid dear for it the next day j a. mod immoderate froft, with a fevere wind at north-eaft.. As foon as it was light this morning, our Com- manding Officer- called all the Officers and guides together, and con- fulted on the meafurcs next to be taken j the rcfult of which was, that we ffiould proceed farther up the river, and endeavour to find out a fording-place,' where we might crofs over to the north fide : ac- cordingly we ' maiched about fix miles higher up, to a place called Bernard Grotet's *, alias Peter Bernard's *. Here we hoped to fuc- ceed, but we were again difappointed, the river being uniformly of the fame breadth, as it is oppolite to the garrifon j and, the higher up we marched, the more rapid did we find the current. We took a view of the country, and faw a great deal of clear ground feemingly fertile : we found a neat fmall painted canoe, which we ftaved and fent adrift : oppofite to it on the north fliore lay a more ordinary one, with many tracks of human feet on the mud at both fides. Here we confulted again about our farther operations j and, upon inquiry, we difcovered that the detachment had neither bread, rum, wine, nor any other refreihment, except a few joints of French mutton our fol- diers had got in their haverfacs j that many of our men were lame and foundered, as were alfo fome of the Officers, and the whole command exhaufled with the preceding day's and two nights fa- tigue. Under thefe circumftances it was refolved to return home- wards. Our guides, being examined about the fituation of the country and roads, declared they were as great ftrangers to thefe parts as ourfelves, and that they had never been fo high up before. More- over, that they knew of no road, nor would they undertake to re- con dud us to our garrifon by any other than that which we had i i ,''* !fl I We fixed a quarter on a long faggot-ftick, and, as we fat round the fire, roafted it in the flames ; we had no fait, there*X)re we relilhed it with fome of the King's pork, broiled on the embers. * * Thefe are the names of the late Ciiiefs of thofe parts of the country. , taken. ii« . * i' HtStORICAL JOURNAL. taken. This being the cafe, and we now above thirty miles from Annapolis, there was no room for hefitation, or time to delay : fo we refolvcd to return. Three horfes were picked up in our way, and we marched about ten miles unmolefted, , which brought us to Renne Foret river, a moft dangerous pafs, abo\it twenty miles from the fort. Here we were fiiddenly attacked with a dreadful fliower of ball and buck-fliot, feconded by as horrid a yell as ever I h^ard. — This, with our Commanding Officer's being fliot d9ad on the fpot, and all our advanced-guard (except three or four^ cut off, who had - i a ■'■ A ii'«^ ;l 1'! ■• li.:qi 92 peccm- bec HISTORICAL JOURNAL. enemy's fire and noife, for they plainly perceived what he was doings and endeavoured to make him defift j but he perfevered until he had got the Captain's laced hat, watch, fafh, fufil, cartouch-box, piftols-, and his purfe with near thirty guineas in it ; all which he faithfully accounted for. In this fmall fpace of time the Officers went from right to left, animating the men ; and particularly the Commanding Officer harangued them very coolly on the occafion. Every thing being now adjufled, and our foldlers, by the example of their Offi- cers, in good fpirits, we moved forward to force this detefted pafs, which I (hall here defcribe : " The enemy lay concealed to the €* <( l< <( <( (( tt 94 »757. Decem- ber. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. think of purfuing other meafures ; therefore it was agreed to move forward with all expedition, and endeavour to get before the enemy : but, coming to a part of Barnaby's river that branched out in two places, we croffed the left arm of it, and forced a road over a fleep fwampy hill, which, however, was fo deep, as to take us up to our knees, and it was with difficulty fome men could be pulled out of it, even with the lofs of their (hoes. By this courfe' we fliortened our road confiderably, and avoided that dangerous defile at the mills we had fo much apprehended. When we reached Commeau's village, within eight or nine miles of our journey's end, the ground being clear and open beyond ihot (or reach) of any thickets, the wounded men we brought with us begged to have a halt, which was granted for half an hour; and, in this interim, we were agreeably furprifed with a light of one of our Officers, (who had been a volunteer on this unlucky expedition) two guides, and eighteen of our foldiers, whom we had given up, concluding they were among the other fufferers at the place of adion j this gentle- man told us, that, feeing thefe men fubmit to the influence of one of the guides who headed them, it occurred to him that it was not improbable but a way might be difcovered whereby to crofs Foret river higher up, and charge the enemy either in flank or rear, while we engaged them in front, and therefore took the command of this party ; but, finding it impradticable to fucceed, and hearing the fire we made at the bridge, he haftened to our affifl:ance, fought his way over the pafs without any lofs, after giving the enemy who had returned there two regular fires on the top of the hill to the left ; and, perceiving, by the lofs of blood from fome of our wounded men who were able to march with us, that we had diredled our courfe homeward, he made the beft of his way after us. We ar- rived at our garriibn, between five and fix in the evening, much harrafled (as may well be fuppofcd) after a march of above thirty miles, without any refrefliment fince the preceding night j we did not ^: the ded our ar- uch lirty did not I 1757- Decem- ber. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 95 not meet with the leaft annoyance, though we neverthelefs took every neceflary precaution. Our lofs in this expedition amounted to one Captain, one Serjeant, and twenty-two rank and file, (lix of" whom we brought back with ns) be fides twenty-four firelocks, fixteen bayonets, twenty- three car- touch-boxes, one drum, and a number of axes, hatchets, camp- kettles, &c. &c. It is difficult to afcertain what number of the enemy engaged us, but, by the weight of their fire, we conjecture they were not lefs than forty, or more than filiy; and, from feveral circumftances, we conclude they may have about twelve killed and wounded. It was an inconceivable mortification to us to leave fo many difabled men behind us j but, alas ! what alternative had we in our prefent fituation ? We were not prepared to lie out another night, and we were this day expedted at the garrifon ; we had nei- ther liquor nor provifions of any kind ; therefore, under fuch circum- ftances, and at this rigorous feafon, it might have proved a matter of fome difficulty to keep our foldiers fleady, or under difcipline : they feemed, from this day's experience, to be fully convinced, that they were by no means a match for the rabble in the woods ; the opinion of our guides, and others who accompanied us, feemed to have more weight than any thing their Officers could fay j fo that, in fuch a dilemma, there was an abfolute neceffity of returning to the fort as faft as poffible, to give our poor fellows time to recolledl them- felves. The Officers and volunteers exerted themfelves as much as men could do, and indeed the generality of the detachment behaved well ; fome, it is true, were reftlefs and foolifh, but they were young, ftrangers to woods and bufh-fighting, and, as this was their firft bleeding, every allowance ought to he made for inexperienced fol- diers, efpecially when obliged to adl out of their own proper fphere. The wind changed laft night to the fouthward, which brought on ^tb. "" to-day foft and mild, with intermittent fhowers and fun-fliine. This rain ■I ' i- :i . % V' -■{*;% ■ )^ i'l m ■ "'I ''ill ' ' mm "m M H ID 4 }■' i '? I'. 'tl^M¥'' ■'h;i i 1' ' I" ! V 1757- Uecem- ber. 96 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. This morning the Serjeant of Hog ifland blockhoufe fent to acquaint the Commanding Officer, that he faw a canoe, with three of the enemy, crofs over from the north to the fcuih fliore, within lefs than two miles of the fort ; whereupon a detachment of one Lieu- tenant, an Enfign, and fifty men were ordered out to fcour the country as far as Saw-mill creek : the greateft number of the privates of this detachment were volunteers, and the three Cadets accompanied them : after they had reached the orchards, the two Oflicers fubdivided their command, took different routes, and returned without feeing any thing, or making the lead difcovery ; it is fuppofcd the Serjeant might be miftaken in his intelligence, as there are frequently pieces of large timber feen floating up and down the river. Here follows an abftrad of this day's Orders : *' A court of inquiry to fit this *' day, at eleven o'clock, in order to take an inventory of the late Cap- tain Pigou's effeds, &c. As the honourable Captain Maidand, and the reft of the Officers of the party, have acquainted the Lieutenant-Colonel, that the men behaved extremely well yefter- day on being attacked by the enemy, he takes this opportunity of returning them his thanks, and makes no doubt but they will always behave with bravery on every fuch occafion." loth. One of our grenadiers, who deferted his party on the 8th in- ftant, when attacked by the enemy, returned this afternoon, and was immediately confined, nth. It froze a little laft night; to-day the weather is mild, with fun-fliine. 12th. A hard froft, and feme fnow fell ; thick air, weather gloomy. 14th. Severe froft and fnow ; yefterday a court-martial fat on the gre- nadier, for abfenting his command on the 8th inftant, when at- tacked by the enemy -, he was found guilty of cowardice, and I think the particular punilliment, ordered for him, evinces great dif- oernment m the members of that court ; their fentence ran thus :— " It <( C( ' :.T Vol. I. O the 98 «757- bir. i-tli. iSth. 7.0th. 231I, HISTORICAL JOURNAL. the fljorc, and two men, as they thou|;ht, creeping towards their poll J tliat thereupon he had two firelocks dilcharged at the light, which was inllantly cxtinguillicd, for he could not dilcern any tiling afterwards ; the detachment ranged all the adjacent ground, and in the fpace of two hours returned to the fort, witiiout mak- ing any difcovery. The alarm \:\i\ night was occafioncd hy fomc fellows of the town going to rob fome filh-ponds * (as they are called) within the precinc'ls of the blockhoufe. The weather is changed to a cold thaw, and threatens us with a fall of rain or fnow j this afternoon a French and Englifli adver- tifcment was put into a tin canillcr, with two pens and an ink bottle i and the fame was tied to a pole with a wliite Hag, and crcded upon Mayafs-hill ; the contents of it were to offer a ran- fom of two hundred dollars (fifty pounds currency) for Mr. Ea- fon the Mafler-Carpcnter, who was made prifoner on the 6th in- flant ; the enemy are delired to give an anfwer in fix days, con- veyed in the fame manner, with a red flag difplayed inftead of white : the Commanding Otlicer has pafled his word for the punc- tual payment of the money, and the greateft fecurity and honour to the perlbn or perlbns who fliall deliver the prifoner, and de- mand the ranfom. The weather fhowery thefe two days, and extremely cold. It freezes hard every night, Ihowery and raw by day, with fliarp winds ; here follows an extrad of this day's orders : — " The '• Oflicer commanding the detachment of the Royal train of ar- " tillery will be pleafed to make a weekly return every Monday *' morning to the Commanding Officer of the garrifon : the bar- ■^ ', I'l ; * The principal inhabitants of the town have parcelled out the fliore or beach, and inclofeJ it, at low-watcr-mark, to a certain height, with flakes, and wickered hurdles, in fuch manner as to confine any fifh that nmy come in with the tide of flood j and thefe are called iifh-ponds ; there is one that belongs to the Governor, or Commanding Officer for the time being. rier m- and es, ill Ithefe [fficer ner :.i d (< It (I tt <( tt HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ricr to be (hut as foon as it is dark, and not fo be opened with- out a Corporal and a file of men ; the wicket bridge of the main gate to be drawn up before the barrier is opened, and to remain fo until it is fliut again ; the key of the barrier to be kept till nine o'clock at night by the Officer of the main-guard, who is then to fend it to the Commanding Orticcr, and like- wife to take particular care to obferve the orders in regard to fending patroles round the fort, before the main gate is opened, *' &c. 6cc." The remainder of ihefe orders relate to the ports allotted to the troops in cafe of an alarm, viz. one company to Kine; George's baftion j one company to the Duke of Cumber- land's ; one to the Prince of Wales's ; one to Prince Edward's ba- ftion ; and two companies (whereof the grenadiers are one) to be drawn up on the grand parade, as a referve ; all the men of the different companies, who underftand the artillery excrcifc, are dircded to draw up at the fame time before the quarters of the Of- ficer of that corps, with their arms, and to obferve his orders. Frofty weather and immenfcly cold. The weather clianged early this morning, and this has been a a day of conftant rain. Though we have no church here, we have neverthclcfs divine fervice and a fermon every Sunday, in a fpacious apartment in the fort; this High Feftival was obfcrved here, as is cuftomary in the church of England ; and our Chaplain (who is moft laudably diligent in difcharging the duties of his fundion) gave us an excellent difcourfe fuitable to the day. The garrifon has been regularly ferved with fpruce beer fince our arrival here, which is to be continued; the Paymafler of -the 43d regiment alfures me, that this article brings in a revenue of twenty pounds currency in the fpace of nine days, which is above 800 1. per annum} and this is exclufive of what is expended by the Officers. We have had the moft whimfical weather for feveral days part, that ever was known in any climate ; and the inhabitants fay it is O 2 right 99 «7J7- Decern^ bcr. 24th. 25tk. 31ft. ■:l '. i. ./. m tn4^ 6i;, .■> ■ r I: 100 »757- Dtcem- ber. 1758. January. ift. ad. 3^. 4th. 5th. 6ih. 7th. 8ih. 9th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. rlglit Nova Scotia weather i one day it will freeze hard, change towards night, and rain inceflUntly for five or fix hours; this is fuc- cecded by fiiow, and afterwards by froft i let what wind will blow, it rains, fiiows, and free2cs alternately from every point : and wc are not many hours certain of our weather. Soft weather and gloomy j at noon fell ibmc rain i in the evening we were wrapped up in a thick fog. We had a great ftorm of fnow to-day, which the wind laid in fome places above four feet in depth, and, in general, two feet: the drifts were fo thick, and the atmofphere fo dark towards noon, that our centinels could not difcover a floop that came in, until fhe had laid her broad-fide clofe to the quay ; this continued till mid- night, then cleared up with the wind at north, and froze very hard. It began to thaw about ten this morning, at one o'clock fell fome rain, it continued dropping till night, and then it poured heavily. It blows hard to-day with frequent fhowers of hail and rain ; at noon cleared up, froze hard, and exceeding cold with a high wind at N. W. A fevere froft laft night, this morning an agreeable fun-fhine, about noon a cold thaw with gloomy air, which continued. A fmart froft this morning, and it was raw and cold until noon, then cleared up, and was mild and pleafant. A foft morning, came on heavy rain, and the weather open and warm ; at night cleared away with a high wind, and it froze hard. Severe weather, hard froft, blows frefli with the wind at N. W. No alteration, except its falling little wind, with fome fhowers of fleet, and intermittent fun-fhine j we had pleafant fkaiting to-day, on fome low ground, which was overflowed by the late falls of fnow and rain ; for thefe two days paft, the cold has been incon- ceivably •; i HISTORICAL JOURNAL. cclvably fevcre, and furpafles any thing I ever felt in the Nether- lands. Cold and v\i/idy, with fome rain, which freezes as it fidlsj at noon a (lonn of lao\* ^or three hours, then cleared up with a fmart froll. • . , Late Lai night the weather changed to a heavy rain, and turned to a fioit towards ynorningj to-day a pleafant fun-fliinc, though the wind blows cold and frc(h : it froze hard in the evening and con- tinued. Hard frofl: and feme fliowers of fleet, with a cold wind. The fnow fell laft night to a great depth ; it blows hard to-day, and freezes with great feverity ', notwithftanding the rigour of the feafon, t/je Gens de Bois are almoft every day hunting and Ihooting on the oppofite fide of the river, even within the range of nur guns J which fometimes provokes us to give them a fliot. The froft is now very intenfe indeed. The feverity of the air has a vifiblc effedl upon our candles, fo as to prevent their burning with the fame freedom, as in milder feafons ; the rigour of the feafon drives the cattle from the woods to feek for fodder, yet they are fo wild, that we cannot approach them ; a Serjeant, Corporal, and fifteen men were detached this night in purfuit of them, but returned without any prize j an Officer was in readinefs in cafe it had been necelTajy, to fally out with the guard at the Cape blockhoufe, to reinforce the Serjeant. It froze, thawed, fnowed, rained, and froze again. Soft dropping weather to-day, fell heavy rain at night. Open weather, with rain; at noon a fnow ftorm; it froze hard at night. Mofl fevere weather with an intenfe froft, and the fnow flies in thick drifts ; the ground is become fo flippery that it is dangerous to fl:ir out of doors : the troops, throughout this province, are obliged to have recourfe to various expedients to prevent meeting with accidents by falling : fome by wearing coarfe flockings over their 101 1758. Jaituary, nth. l\\.\\. i6th. 17th. 18th. 25th. 26th. 27th. 29th. >. ;,•: \4. •\ i\ ii' H m III , > m ■' t r I' ■t m \i V vA 102 January. February I ft. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. their flioes, with an additional fole or two, of thick frize or other woollen cloath ; fome wear moggofans j and others again ufe what are by us termed creepers *, which are an invention calculated for the hollow of the foot, that buckles on like a fpur ; it is a fmall plate of iron an inch broad, with two ears that come up on both fides of the (hoe between the ancle and inftep, with a ftud on each of them, for the leathers : from the two extremities are four ftout points turned downward, to the length of two thirds of an inch, which, by the weight of the perfon who wears them, are indented in the ice j this contrivance is adually neceflary, and prevents many fatal accidents. I think I may fay with great truth, I never felt any thing equal to the rigour of this feafon ; one would be inclined to fufped:, that a climate fo much upon extremes fliould not be healthy ; however, the inhabitants here are remarkable for their longevity, and it is rare to hear of any perfon's dying of acute diforders; the reader may obferve, that we have been in fome meafure prepared by many almofl: infenfible gradations (as in other northern cHmates) which ufher in the intenfe and moft fevere cold. I am credibly informed, that there are not any fettlements of the enemy nearer than fixteen or eighteen miles to our gairifon, and yet thefe fkulking wretches are fo amazingly hardy, that they fcarce pafs one day without fcouring the environs of this fortrefs, which they daringly make known to us by their repeated fignals, efpecially upon the arrival, or fuling of a vellel, or of a detachment marching out : there is a Hoop that came up to-day, who is bound to fort Cumberland with King's llores, &cc. She has made many efforts to work up the bay, but, from the quantities of floating ice, was as often compelled to put buck } at length, finding it impradticable to get there, ihc fleered for the entrance of Annapolis, and came to an anchor in the bafon III; I'li'i * Are called da Qrap'm by the French* between L^« fit HISTORICAL JOURNAL. between Goat Ifland and the Scots Fort * ; he foon after fent his boat a-(liore for fome wood and water, and, at tlieir landing, two fignals were difcharged in the woods very near them, whereupon they inftantly took to their boat, and returned to their fliip : upon their report to the Mafter, he prudently took the advantage of the tide of flood, and brought his floop up to the wharf. If thefe rabble could have lain quiet, they might have way-laid the two men, manned the boat, and feized the veiTel, which would have proved a noble prize ; and it could have been accompliflied without any danger, for there was only a cabbin-boy with the Mafter on board; the confequences of fuch a capture, which would have put them in pofl'eflion of this navigation, muft have been of the higheft prejudice to his Majefty's garrifon. A Serjeant's party, with two guides, went out this day, in order to take off a dozen head of black cattle that appeared on Mayafs- hill ; they took the lower road to the orchards, with an intent to get round to the fliirts of the wood behind them ; but the cattle were foon alarmed, and, inftead of turning that way to gain the cover, as was expeded, they diredied their courfe a-crofs a fmall rivulet called Allen's river, and got off to the weftward ; the men could with eafe have (hot fome of them, but were reftrained by the Serjeant, in hopes that a mere favourable opportunity might foon offer to furprife and take the whole : the party returned to the fort without making any difcovery, and reported, that they never faw fuch plenty of hares and partridges as the orchards and adjoining thickets now abound with. * So called from a fettlement of North-Britifli families who had refided there, but were unluckily routed from thence, fome years ago, by a numerous party of French and Indians ; they had no fort, except an jnclofure of palifadoes, with loop-holes for mufketry j and, not fufpeding any danger, fuffered themfelvcs to be furpriled. 103 .758. February 3d. My n 1 'i Ptiil •^. M ^u%l '-^^ i itil in The !-'ll 'MS m .>!''■, 1 "1' I I i! '|i'i 1' i ''I < !ii February 4th. 6th. 7 th. 8tli. H I S T R I C A L J O U R N A L. The weather is changed to a foft thaw, and blows frefli j to- wards the evening we had a fall of fnow, with a fmart froft ; and it continued, uncommonly cold the remainder of the night. A great number of black cattle appeared this evening on Mayafs- hill, and this night three head of them ftrayed to the town and were taken. • ' We had a great fall of fnow late in the night, clear weather to- day with fun-fliine, yet extremely cold ; our Commanding Officer, accompanied by the Engineer, and efcorted by a Serjeant and twelve rank and file, went to Mayafs-hill, in order to reconnoitre fome ground which it is propofed to fence off with palifadoes ; a block- houfe is alfo to be erefted there to awe the enemy, and fecure the in- habitants cattle from their depredations ; if this fcheme fhould be executed, it will render the refidence of the troops, &c. much more agreeable, as our limits will be thereby confiderably en- larged . A hard froft, the atmofphere ferene, and the fun comfortably warm. It has been expeded that one hundred foldiers would be employed, (without a recompence being granted them for their labour, not to mention the rifk of their lives) in order to go into the forefts and cut down palifadoes, and other timbers, for the repairs of the fort and the conftruftion of the new fences; but the Commanding Officer could not be prevailed on to confent to it, though he promifed he would chearfuUy grant covering parties to proteift any artificers or other workmen that fhould be employed on that or any other duty, for his Majefty's fervice. This being the cafe, the new works on the hill are likely to be poftponed ; and, if they were immediately to be put in execution, as the people of the town would benefit moft by the extent of ground that would be inclofed, and which would be in- ilantly claimed, it was unreafonable to expe<5l that foldiers, who pay exorbitantly dear for fliirts, flioes, and ftockings, &c. &c. fliould be employed on fuch flaveries without any compenfation. With relped to the M '•4 'i HISTORICAL JOURNAL, the works of the fort, there are artificers and others referved here in conflant pay, and under proper diredors, to keep them in repair. As I have already more than once obferved, that the troops arc obliged to pay extravagant prices for every European article they have occafion for, I think it will not be improper to particularife fome of them : and, in order to fct thefe matters in the clcareft light, I pro- pofe to draw a parallel between the prices here and what I could have bought the fame articles for in Ireland; I would fay in Britain, if I were acquainted with them; but, for feveral years before I left Europe, the regiment was upon the Irifh Eftablifliment. N. B. The currency of a dollar in that kingdom is 4J. gd. and ^s. in this province^ as has been ohjervcd before. rebruarjr. Articles. Ordinary coarfe fliirts A better kind Soldiers' linncns per yard Common woollen yarn ftockings Ordinary worfled ditto ' Ordinniy cheque linncns Prices Currency of Ireland. j3s. 6d. to 3s. Sd.tojs. lod. 4 s. 10 d. to 5 s. 8 d. I s. to I s. 3 d. lid. to I s. id. IS. 6 d. to I s. 10 d. from lod. to I s. ^"/ff"'-'y {N.Scotia and rriccs. J 8 s. 10 s. from 2s. 6d. to 3 s. 2S. 2d. to 2S. 6d, 3 s. 6d. to 3 s, gd 2s. 2d. to 2s. 6d. Befides the foregoing, they pay here is. 10 d. per lb. roll-tobacco ; and leaf from 10 d. to 1 s. Scots fnuff from 2 s. 6 d. to 3 s. per lb. Hard foap from 10 d. to is. Lump fugar from is. 3 d. to i s. 6 d. Ordinary powder 10 d. Common brown fugar 6 d. Ordinary Imoking pipes from -ir to i d. each ; and a better fort 1 d. I. to 2 d. ,!-. each. Dutch pipes 6 d. Threads, needles, pins, tapes, flannels, coaife woollen cloths, nails, bolts, locks, hafpp, garden tools, with all manner of haberdalheiy and ftationary wares, bear the fame pro- portions. Th.i weather changed lad night to rain and fnow : to-day it loih. blows hard, with a fevere frort: ; more fnow fell towards evening. P A fmai t ♦ ■■ I ■. *■ <■ ''i'. '■l^5i^ i : m {. wm m tm m V. -- 'i • •'■i ''hr- I ill 1 06 1758. February iith. 15th. 17 th. jgth. 20th. 2lft. 22d. I3J. 24th. 25th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. A fmart froft, clear weather, and fun-fhine. — Twenty-tour men are gone out to the woods to the right of Mayafs-Hill, in order to cut fire-wood for the garrifon : they have a covering-party of an Officer and thirty men, and the wood-cutters are obh'ged to take their arms and cartouch-boxes. This work is to be continued, whenever the weather will permit. Good fkaiting-weather j inconceivably cold. Gloomy weather, frefli wind, and the cold much more fevere than we have had it heretofore. A cold thaw thefc two days. A froft laft night, gloomy air to-day, wet weather and mild. A gentle froft this morning after a great fall of rain j it cleared up, and proved a pleafant day. Serene weather : it froze inconceivably hard laft night. Some dogs chaced a bullock out of the woods into the river from the north fhore : a great finoke is difcovered this evening between Goat Ifland and the Scots Port i we conclude the rabble are waiting to furprife a trader at anchor. We had a great fall of fnow laft night j cold raw weather to-day j in the evening and fore-part of the night another remarkable fall of fnow. This evening four bullocks (which, with others, had been ftolen from hence laft fummer) ftrayed fo near to the fort, that a Corporal and four men furrounded them, and drove them into the covered way, ^ good fire and indifferent fare are much more acceptable to us than a turtle-fea/i without fuel. This day a floop arrived from Bofton, with provifions, &c. By a letter from Colonel Mafkareen, late Go- vernor of this garrifon, to a gentleman here, we are informed the Commander in Chief has flopped all European letters at New- York that were brought by the packets. His Excellency the Earl of Lou- doun has tranfmitted an order to the feveral corps in North America, that, when an Officer dies, (of any rank whatfoever) he may be bu- ried i^i way. than >fton, Go- the 'ork iOU- jrica, bu- ried HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ricd with as little expence as poflible, and no fcarfs to be allowed to any pcrfon, exxept to the Clergyman ; moreover his Lordfliip or- ders, that no Officer whatfoever, whether recruiting with his regi- ment or otherwife, do wear any other cloaths than their regimentals or frocks *. Thefe orders were given out to put a ftop to the ex- travagancies of many Officers, which they may unthinkingly com- mit, to the great prejudice, peradventure, of families, &c. in Europe. Lord Loudoun has alfo tranfmitted a propofal to the troops in this province, that, if the Officers chiifey they may have money in lieu of provifions from the Jlore-kcepcrs, at the rate of four-pence per ration. The Commanding Officer has affiired his Lo'dfliip, in the name of the Oflicers of the 43d regiment, that we cafimt fubfifl without the Kings provifions, and therefore preferred takifig them in kind to any fum of money ivhafocver. Certainly, if \vq could fubfifl without them, it would be abfurd to put the Government to an expence that is not incurred by the troops in Europe j but money alone will not fupport an army in the dreary uninhabited forefls of America, any more than it will in the inhofpitable fandy deferts of Arabia. Before the arrival of this laft floop from Bofton, we were reduced to great flraits in our manner of living, having nothing to eat, except the ftore provifions, and fometimes a little thin ftarved beef, much inferior to fome that I have frequently ^een condemned and burnt publicly in well-regulated market-towns in Europe. In the times of the greateft plenty, which I have ever feen fince I came into the country, a foop made of the King's peafe, with a piece of pork in it, compofed the principal difli in our bill of fare ; and, indeed, we fliould have made a very indifferent repaft without it. Our conflant drink, for thefe two months pafl, has been fpruce beer or bad cyder, qualified with as bad rum : wine we have almofl forgot the flavour * This is a revival of an old ftanding order, publifhcd by his Royal highnefs the Duke of Cumberland, to the army in Flanders. P 2 of; ,107 1758. February n mm 4 '^lA ■ I' :vf] 111 1 1 I sU'i $1 \f\ 111 . li 1>MS^ if. mm f •V i! m.A io8 1758. March ift. id. 3J. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. of) roots, or any kind of vegetables, milk and eggs, we are Intirc flrangcrs to. This being the anniverfary of St. David, the fame was obferved by the Officers of this garrifon, and the colours were hoifted : had we been blcfled with Leeks ", we fliould greedily have converted them to a better ufe than mounting them in our hats. This feafon is now inconceivably rigorous ; but the fun is fo power- ful, that the froft and fnow begin vifibly to wear away. The wood- cutters and covering-party this day difcovered, on the fnow, the tracks of Rackets or Snow-fhoes, not far from their advanced Gen- tries ; and, as they led from the fliore to the woods, we conjedure the enemy came over in canoes on feeing our repeated fires there, either to reconnoitre what we are about, or, perhaps, with an intent to lay a fnare for our wood-fellers. The weather gloomy, and the air milder than for feveral days part : the working and covering parties were out to-day, and, purfuant to the Colonel's orders, we beat the ground above half a mile round the place of cutting, and ported our centinels at a greater diflance than ufual, to prevent a furprife : as it was cxpedted we iliould be at- tacked, the Main and Cape blockhoufe guards were ordered to be in readinefs to fuftain us, if it had been necefTary. — In the evening, when we were returning, the weather changed : we had a great fall of lleet, with a general thaw. A hard froft with a cold bluftering wind at north-weft, and heavy drifts of fleet. * As I apprehend there are many people, as well ancient Britons or othets, wlio are unatquaintci' with the true rca(bn of their wearing leeks on this day, it will not, I prefume, be unacceptable to my readers to be informed whence this cuftom is derived ; »' On St. David's day, in the year of our Lord 640, the Welfli, under their famous " King Cadwallader, obtained a fignal victory over the Saxons ; and, the ground on »' which they fought bearing immenfe quantities of leeks, they, in order to diftinguifh " themfelves, mounted this vegetable in their hats, and it has been ever fcnce efteemed ♦» as a badge of honour." Fine in fall who not, I 'ived ; amous md on ngui{h eemed Fine ■ HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Fine weather to-day, with a thaw, though it froze fmartly lad night. The rigour of the feafon is not to be exprefled } it furpafles every thing we have yet met with for its feverity. Gloomy open weather to-day, and threatens rain. Mild air, the atmofphere clear, with fun-fliine, Intenfe froll again, and the wind very cold j in the evening it thawed, and a great quantity of fnow fell, which continued in drifts for the remainder of the night. A gentle froft laA: night j about noon it changed to rain, and con- tinued with great violence. Very rough weather with fome fnow, and exceeding cold ; wind north-weft. Dry blowing weather, with intenfe froft : it has been much colder thefe two days than we have had it this winter. This being the anniverfary of St. Patrick, the fame was obferved by all the garrifon with great chearfulnefs and good humour ; the colours were hoifted, and the foldiers, natives of Ireland, had one fliilllng each advanced to them, the Britifti taking the guards for them, as is alternately pradifed on thefe feftivals. Late laft night it began to thaw, and this day we h.ive the moft uncommon weather imaginable ; there is little or no wind, and a fmall rain falls, which freezes as faft as it comes down : the ground is now fo crufted over, that it is very dangerous to ftir out of doors. In the evening we were relieved from this flippery fituation, by feveral fliowers of fleet, followed by fnow. Froft and fnow. A little before the wooding-party marched out this morning, fotne of the enemy came to Mayafshill with a Flag of Truce ; but, the weather being hazy, and their flag rather fmall and ill-coloured, the centinels did not immediately difcern them, which they perceiving, inftantly firedtwo fliots. The Fort-Major then puflied out at the head of the wooding-party with a napkin fixed to a pole, and 109 1758. March 5th. 8th. 9th. icth. nth. 14th. 15th. i6th. 17th. 19th. 2Cth. (*;■ 1 mw m r > 4'.i ;;»^i. *'if m Hi Mm i' ivt no March. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. and demanded their bufinefs. They feemed fliy, and unwilling to trufl us J but the Major, advancing fingly, took off his hat, and wa- ved it towards them, to advance in like manner into the plain ; (for as yet they kept among ftumps of trees and uneven ground, where our people have been daily wood-cutting j) upon which one of them came forward, and acquainted the Major, that they had not difco- vered our flag with the canifter (which was hung out on the iBth of December laft) until yefl:erday; that the written paper was {o defaced, it was not altogether legible ; therefore defired to know what it had contained : on being told it was a propofal of two hun- dred dollars for the ranfom of Mr. Eafon the Mafter-carpenter *, whom they made prifoner on the 6th of December, he anfwered, that he fuppofed there could be no objcdion ; and requelled, that the form and terms fliould be again reduced to writing. This, he was told, fliould be complied with j and, upon being ordered to wait for it, and the Major's turning from him, he humbly intreated in the name of his party, that they might be fupplied with fome I'cau de vie, (meaning brandy or rum) and fome tobacco, which were ac- cordingly promifed. In an hour's time the paper was fent to them, with a baiket containing a few pipes, fome tobacco, one gallon of rum, fome cold meat and bifcuit j for all which he feei.ied very thankful, yet neverthelefs anfwered evafively to the various qucflions that were put to him. Being afked how foon we might expedl an anfwer, he replied, that their Commandant lived a great vjay from hence ; therefore he could not pretend to fay, when an anfwer would be returned. We inquired the meaning of the tracks of rackets, which were difcovered fome days ago near the wooding-place : and * This poor man was not rcleafed until the rcdudlion of Quebec, in September 1 759 : I met him there in the ftreet the day after wc took pofl'eflion of that capital ; he was in good health, though reduced very low by bad living ; he affured me he never heard a fyllable of the propofal for a ranfom until that place had furrendered, when he was informed of it by fome of our Officers. he •( ' ■;,■ bcr he ver he HISTORICAL JOURNAL; he gave us to underftand, that, feeing conftant fires there, three or four of their people came down, merely to gratify curtofity^ and to fee what we had been doing. Thofe, whom I faw, were a raw, hardy, adive, yet mean fet of fellows, and as meanly cloathed : one of them had a firelock and cartouch-box of the 43d regiment, and another had a band and bowling to his hat of our foldiers' lace. They were aikcd, how they could prefume to come before us with our fpoils about them ? To which, notwithftanding our hofpitality, they gave no anfwer than an impertinent Jf.riig. We defired to be in- formed, what they did with all our prifoners, as well the wounded men, as the others that were not wounded. To this they replied— * Gentlemen, we have a great way to go, and beg we may be per- mitted to depart ; as to fuch of your people, who have fallen into our hands, we took as much care of them as we have done of our- fclves.' So faying, they once more thanked us for our civility, bid us adieu, and retired to the woods. About noon the weather changed to rain and fnow alternately, which obliged the detachment to return to the garrifon : it continued fhowery until the evening j then the wind fprang up at north-north-wefl, blew frefli, and froze hard. A fevere hard froft thefe two days, with a high wind at N. W. Gloomy weather j fome fnow fell this morning, which lulled the wind and foftened the air ; it was mild for the remainder of the day. A fmart froft to-day, the atmofphere clear with fun-fliine, yet the air is cold. Mild weather, though rather inclining to froft than otherwife j fome dogs and cattle appeared this morning at the ikirts of the wood, beyond Mayafs-Hill : being Eafter-day, this folemn feftival was duly obferved. The weather ferene and pleafant this day, with a warm fun. High wind and heavy rain all this day. It III 1758. Match. 22.1. 23J. 25«h. 26tln 2-]\h, mi I 'i t ) t'\m -'II. I i«; I : ' ,V I 'if mm't hi: W fi* .1i;i;i!iJ 112 1758. March 29th. 30th. 31ft. April I ft. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. It froze hard lad night ; to-day it blows frefli and cold, with flying fliovvers of fleet; it cleared up and was more moderate in the after- noon. Two fail of fliips were difcovcred to crofs the bafon blow and run up Moofe and Bear rivers, which being unufual for Bri- tifli fliips, a boat, that had lately t.en fitted up, was fcnt down for intelligence, and to watch their motions. The boat returned, and brought up the Mafters of the two vef- fels ; they came from fort Cumberland, and are bound to Bofton ; by them we are informed there is an embargo laid on all the ports of New-England, New-York, Halifax, Sec. &c, we hear of great preparations for opening the campaign, that there are more troops expedled from Europe, and that the province of MalTachufet are raifing a large body of provincials to co-operate with the re- gulars ; the Mafters of thefe floops fay, that a' I is well at Chcg- neifto, and alfo at fort Edward and fort Sackville. where they have lately been : thefe men farther add, that it was reported at Bofton, t6at the particular department of the New-England troops y this cam- paign, would be the redu£iion of Canada ; this was matter of great mirth to us, and an Officer, who was prefent, humoroufly re- plied, jind let the regulars remain in the different forts and garrifons, to hezv wood and dig fund, &c. then the French will be finely humbled in America. Some fnow fell Lift night, yet the weather to-day is mild and pleafant j this morning a large fmoke was difcovered in the woods near the orchards, and, according to cuftom, the colours were in- ftantly hoifted, whereupon we could perceive the fire abated, and was, in a few minutes, gradually extingailhcd. The weather is exceeding cold, with flying fliowcrs of fleet and fnowi this morning two (hots were difcharged on Mayafs-IIill, and a flag of truce was hoifted, upon which the Fort-Major, with an OiHcer and fifty men, marched out under a white flag : the enemy did not fcem fo ftiy as they were on the 2cth ult. we de- manded of them their errand, and they anfwered, They came to know i'l fli X HISTORICAL JOURNAL. know 'whether ive would exchange prifoners with them F They ofTered four men for the two Indians, viz. Clare and Anfelm Thomas, (as mentioned under the 17th of Odlober lafl;) the perfons who ap- peared to us were the father and another brother of the two captives, with a Frcnchmanj but we could difcern there were others in the fkirts of the woods, at a didance behind them : the old Sachem was told, that we had heard he was dead, being Hiot by an aecidental party of our people, who were ignorant of the parti- culars of his own and his family's cafe and rcfolutions, &c. to which he replied, there was fufficient caufe for fuch a rumour, but that he himfelf was moll culpable. Upon this we interrogated him, and related to him what we had heard of the matter j to which he anfwered — • It was not lb, for he was adlually, at that time, with an Englilh party j that he grew diffident of their fince- rity, and, being fuddenly feized with a panic, he flipped behind them, with an intent to make his efcape ; that the Englifli turned about and fired at him, which he avoided by falling prollrate on the ground, and from thence he fuppofed our people might have thought he had been killed.' — This Chief appeared to be an ho- neft, chearful, well-looking old man, much refembling his daugh- ter, though of a fwarthier complexion ; — he was meanly drefleJ, and not at all like an Indian ; his fon, who had alfo a good open countenance, was habited quite in characfler, with a turban on his head, adorned with an extravagant number of beads and feathers of various colours, which thefe creatures much affedt, and are very fond of: they were told, that Clare * und Anfclm*were both well at Halifax j upon this they took leave of us, retired to the woods, and made fires for thenifclves ; our party returned to »*3 1758. A{)ril. '1 1 1," i, ; .1^ ' : it: : > ' i t • We have been fince informed, that the Squaw and her brother died at Halifax of the fmall-pox, a diforder very fatal to the Indians, who have fo great a dread of it, as to be intirely diJheartened upon the firft fymptoms, and cannot be prevailed on to u("e any means for their recovery. We had no knowledge of their deaths on the firft of April. Q^ the H'!' I • 114 1758. April HISTORICAL JOURNAL. the fort. An hour had fcarce claplcd, wlien the enemy appearcil a fccond time on the hill, waving their flag, which obhged tlie Fort-Major and his party once more to marcli out ; being defired to anlwcr prccifely what burniefs they came upon, the Frenchman (or rather Canadian, which, by the multiplicity of buttons on hii> coat, and his leathern cue to his iiair, he Teemed to be) replied — * to fee if you will barter with us for our furs, and give us to- bacco and L't'dii ill' Vie in exchange,' The Major told him wc would neither traffic nor carry on any correfpondence with his Majefty*s enemies. We converfed near an hour with them, and the Indians expreiVed an inclination to come into the fort, and, we believe, would have been prevailed on, were it not for the great influence their French companion feemed to have over them : we inquired if this party did not belong to the lame people who came to us on the 20th ult. to treat for Mr. Eafon ? The Frenchman firfl: pretended ignorance of that bufinefs, tho' he afterwards con- tradidled himfelf, and was obliged to confefs it ; being afked by a gentleman of Annapolis what was become of that monjlcr cf cruelty he Loiitre the Prie/l, laying, * he has more fins to anfwer for, than all the Acadians put together,' the other replied — * t/jey had a different opinion of him, and hoped he was {ifa and well in France*:' Colonel James invited thefe people to corns into the fort and * I faw Monfieiir Le Loutre a fiate prlfoner at Elizabcth-caftle in the ifland of Jerfey, ill the year 1762, where he was allowed one fhilling per day by the Government : but this was fliort of what hcopendcd at the futtliijg-houeC in that garrifon, .or he lived very luxuriously ; to iuj jiort which, he regularly drew upon London i\>T twelve pounds fterling /tr month, and his hills were duly honoured ; he left a moil remarkable character bchiiul him in Nov.i Scotiu for inhumanity, infomuch that a centinci who had been placed over him (and had formerly the misfortune, when in a regiment ftationed in that country, of hcinc his prifoner, and was miraculoufly pieferved from being fcalpcd aWvp, to which « ruel fate he had bten doomed by this fame Pritft, who marked him with a knife round the forehead and pole, in order to ftrip ofF the intirc fcalp) and, recolle<5ling his face, unfixed his bayonet, with an intent, as he undauntedly confefled, to put him to death, had he not been, with the greateft difficulty, prevented from executing what he calial < I" HISTORICAL JOURNAL. and Tiirrender, alTuring them of generous treatment, adding, " wc have all kinds of provifions and rum, and you fliall have the fame allowance with his Majcrty's troops :' Monficur politely thanked him, faid they were in want of provifions, and that he would impart our kind offer to the reft of his friend;;, l^pon their de- parting, the Fort-Major, hy order, told the Frenchman, * that at prefent he and his companions were quite fafe, for that we Hiould always pay due honour to a flag of truce ; but, for the fu- ture, they mull not prefume to appear on trifling errands, except they fliould come determined to furrender, or to bring Mr. Eafon the Mafter-Carpenter to be ranfomed, otherwife they might be afliircd we fliould treat them as enemies ,' the Major fiirther added, « that we took very ill their making fires in the woods within the precindj of our garrifon, and that it was highly impertinent:' to which the fellow replied, ' it was the favages,' — and pertly fubjoined this old trile cvafion, * we cannot be accountable for the condu(fl or anions of the Indians.' This morning, between eight and nine o'clock, two fliots were fired on the oppofite fide of the river, which attracting the atten- tion of our centinels, they difcovered a large party marcliing from the woods towards the fliore ; the Oflicers having dark-coloured cloaks, and the foldiers brown watch-coats on them, at the fame time the weather being remarkably hazy, fo that they could not eafily be dirtinguiflied, by the naked eye, from the enemy ; we were a little alarmed, and the artillery Ofliccr received orders to difcharge all the guns he could bring to bear on them, with grape- fliot i but the Commanding Officer, fortunately coming out with a perfpedlive, difcovered them to be an Englifli party, and inftantly, a jtijl vmgeance on him. This foldier's refeiUment was fo great, and he .nppeariiig be- fore the Commander in Chief of the ifland fo determined, that it was thought ncceflary to remove him to England, and exchange him into another corps. CL2 as »I5 ?.J. ■*. ' I '^' ''-111 \m ..;;:i''3 I .1 n n '.'^ -si ]i6 April. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. as his orders were ready to be executed, he countermanded them; the Adjutant was immediately fent over, and foon returned with a Captain of the 43d regiment, vvho, with a Lieutenant, Enfign, and fixty rank and file, had been detached from fort Edward, in order to efcort our Engineer thither, on his way to Halifax^ whence he is to proceed with the army toLouifbourg* j thi5 com- mand left their garrifon on the morning of the 28th ult, and the Officers compute that they have marched about one hundred and twenty miles ; they met with feveral habitations of the enemy, and about ten or a dozen llraggling Frenchmen, in different parts of the country, who, on firfl difcovering oui people.* and fo un- expecfledly from that fide of the province, ran off, as if terrified,, and hid themfelves : for, fuch a vifit being (I am told) almoft un- precedented, they were not prepared, efpecially as they could not be certain but there might be other detachments out, either before, the better to fecure the defiles, and thereby reinforce the party ; or elfe behind, in order to execute fome fecret fervice, perhaps to their utter extirpation from the country. The Acadians did not appear armed, and the Captain, being ordered to make the befl of his way to this garrifon, without any unneceflary delays, took no notice of them, efpecially as they did not prefume to molefl him. In point of weather, our vifitors were very fortunate j for, before the laft of them could be ferried over the river, there came on the mofl violent florm of fnow that ever I faw, which blew about in fuch clouds, that the oldeft people here exprefs the greateft fur- prife at it : before night it was fo deep as to obfcure our win- dows, and then our foldiers were all turned out with (hovels and lights, in order to make communications throughout the fort, ;ind to cleai the batteries, centry-boxes, and ramparts j though every •'U\ .1 i li. I III • Could they not wait far the relief of the 28th regiment, which is fliortly to take place, in order to join the army upon the fame expedition ? That corps being to be re- liev^'l by a detachment from this garrifon and fort Edward, confec^uently the tranfports muft put in here, before they can proceed to fort Cumberland. man ■f man HISTORICAL JOURNAL. man off duty was employed, this was a work of fome hours, and and, had it been neglefted, we (hould all have been barricadoed in our houfes before morning. — We had the fatisfadion to receive many European letters by this detachment, being the firft fince we failed from Ireland : we learn that General Abercromby is appointed Commander in Chief, and is to condudt an army that is to aft by the lakes; that Major-General Amherft and Amiral Bofcawen are to command an expedition againft Lou- ilbourg, and that the Colonels Lawrence, Wolfe, Monckton, and Whitmorc, are appointed Brigadiers upon this fervice; all the Lieutenant-Colonels of regulars, ferving in North America, are pro- moted to Colonels, in order to give them the rank of the Colonels of militia, or provincial regiments : we are farther afTured, that one French fhip of war, and feveral tranfports with troops and ftores that were bound to Louifbourg, have been intercepted by Admiral Coates ; that Sir Charles Hardy is arrived at Halifax, and Commodore Durell at New- York ; moreover that Admiral Bofcawen was daily expefted at Chebudto with the following fleet, on board of which are feveral regiments from Britain and Ireland. The gentleman who has tranfmitted this lift from Ha- lifax fays, that the fhips he has marked thus * are now in that harbour, and are going off diredlly to Louifbouig under Sir Charles Hardy, viz. The Namure * The Orford Royal William Devonfliire Princefs Amelia Invincible Burford * Northumberland * Terrible Lancafter Somerfet Bedford * Captain Pr. Frederic This account adds, that four other capital fhips were arrived at New-York, which would join the reft in a little time. Frigates . The York * Defiance * Kingfton Nottingham Prince of Orange Centurion * Sutherland. 117 April. *■ m lis m ■■'M ■m ■■*j ' 'r' -11 l! ■IJ ti. ,r .1 ; i' ■til! . 1] m f 1 ' ill' " i iim''''' Iflf InSv 1 "Mir, ■I |.v ii8 1758. April. 3J. 5th. 6th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Frigates. — Diana, Nightingale, and * Boreas. Nineteen other frigates, floops, bombs, &c. are expecfted to ar- rive with the Admiral. It is faid the Earl of Loudoun is gone back to England, and that Major-Generals Lord Charles Hay and Hopfon, with Colonel Webb, will return by the next opportunity. The fame weather as yefterday, with a high wind j the drifts are fo thick and heavy, as to exceed all defcription, and dill the air is inconceivably cold. All the men off duty are employed to fcour the fofle round the fort and covered way, and to clear the fnow from the infide of our fortrefs; an efcort is to proceed from hence to the head of this river with the detachment from fort Edward, at their return ; this is by General Hopfon's orders. In the evening we had foms fhowers of fleet and hail, with a fevere froft; it freezes hard at one hour, and the next it rains, then fnows, and rains alternately, which is fucceeded by fleet and hail, and again it clears up, and turns to a froft. Cold and wet thefe two days, with fome light fhowers of fnow; the ficklenefs of the weather, in this climate, is beyond all con- ception . It froze hard laft night j to-day it is clear and pleafint, with a gratefully warm fun : an old bark, or flat, which has lain here for years, like a wreck on the fliore, has been repaired for the fervice o! the garrifon, and this morning the detachment from fort Edward crofl'ed the river on their return ; they were accompanied by the Engineer, and an efcort of one Captain, two Lieutenants, one Enfign, belides Serjeants, Drummers, and eighty rank and file, they took five day's provifions with them, and three horfes to carry tliem, which is a great eafe to our poor foldiers ; the ef- cort is to convoy the others to the head of this river, and then to return. A com- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. A command from the fecond battalion of the Royal Americans, who are at Halifax, will meet the Engineer at fort Edward, and condin5t him thither. As foon as thcle detachments had crofled the river, a party of two Subalterns and fifty men were ordered out on this fide, to proceed as fur as they could, fo as to be able to return to the fort, by clear day-light in the afternoon : the Officer who commanded was ordered to light feveral diftindt fires, in different parts of the country, to amufe the enemy, and draw their attention from the detachments on the north fide : moreover, if we fhould meet a party of the enemy under a flag of truce, and could perceive that Eafon was not among them, we were to convince them effediually, that we would not be amufed or impofcd on by their trifling arti- fices. At our fetting out, the Serjeant of the Cape blockhoufe fent to acquaint the Colonel, that he had feen a fire, late lafl night, in the orchards, to the left of Mayafs-Hill ; but this was a mif- take, for we fcoured all thefe grounds and the adjoining thickets, and did not difcover the flighteit veflige of man or bead, in this whole day's tour; at the high ground on the fouth fide of Saw-mill creek, we left a Serjeant and twelve men, with orders to make a great fire : from thence we proceeded with the remainder to Bar- naby's Mills, but avoided the defile, by keeping away to the right; there we f"ound the country almoll open, except at particular places, where a thickv.t of fpruce-trees and buflies was left flanding. About three miles above the mills we made our firfl fire, as there was a kind of opening to the north fide of the river ; this is about fifteen miles irum Annapolis. In our return we took poffellion of the copfe, on the eminence that commands the pafs at Barnaby's Mills, where wc found fomc logs of timber, laid in fuch manner as to ferve for a breafl-work, which covered the road and fording-places of the ri\'er ; as we had not any thing to apprehend here (for we had every advantage of fituation) we pulled down the enemy's pa- rapet works, and made a noble fire of them, by the affiftancc of fome linaller 119 1758. April. • ) i^\ ■ i J . f'j' • ' ' -K '1 \ m 120 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. '7S8' fmaller wood ; and between this place and our garrifon we made four other fires, and arrived in the evening about fix o'clock, not a little fatigued, for the fnow was very deep and heavy. A foldier has been miffing thefe four days paft, and as we cannot get any tidings of him, we apprehend he has either drowned him- felf, or deferted to the enemy. 7'*'- This morning Mr. Thompfon, the Mafter of the Eagle fchooner, of Bofton, arrived here in his boat with his crew : he was coming down the bay from fort Cumberland, bound to fort Edward with liquors and provifions ; and on the 2d inft. in the great ftorm we had here, his veifel was drove on fhore about five leagues to the weftward of La Haute ifle, where flie ftuck fo fall that flie could not be got off; finding all their efforts infufficient, they put a-fhore in their boat, and marched a confiderable diftance a-crofs the country, in hopes to reach this garrifon; but, coming upon the tracks of moggofans, and fome fnow-flioes, they thought it would not be fafe to proceed farther, and therefore refolved to return to their boat and tide it here j Mr. Thompfon reports, that, about four leagues, on this fide the place where his fchooner lay, he fiw fix of the enemy on the fliore, who, on difcovering the boat, fired feveral fignal fliots up in the air, and he is apprehenfive left his veiTel may have fallen into their hands ; his cargo confifted of one hundred and fifty barrels of beef and pork, fifty caflcs of flour, and feveral cafks of rum, wine, and cyder, befides many articles of value, for the Officers at fort Edward. This unhappy man farther informs us, that on the 29th of March, between the hours of eleven and twelve at night, a party of Frenchmen, about forty in number, came down and attacked his, and another fchooner, and a floop, as they lay at anchor in the creek, at fort Cumberland -, that they boarded them, and charged the failors, at their peril, to make no alarm, afluring them they fliould have good quarters ; however, the New-England nitn^ feeling bold (according to their ownphrafe], and rot caring to trnft them, took to their arms, and engaged them (though :ii\ V I HISTORICAL JOURNAL. (though not a fourth of the enemy's numbers) and, the gariifon being alarmed, a detachment immediately fuUied out, which the French perceiving, retired to their canoes and got clear off", before our people could come up with them : in this (kirmidi, the Mafter of one of the veiTels, with two failors, were killed ofi the fpot, and one was (lightly wounded : the enemy left none behind them, but in the morning after, by the quantity of blood that was found be- tween the creek and the place where their canoes lay, it appears that fome of them were wounded. On the morning preceding thia adventure, a large party of regulars and rangers were detached to- wards Chepordie-Hill, where they made feveral women and chil- dren prifoners, and deftroyed many houfes ; as they did not difcover any men in thofe parts, it is conjedured that it was the owners of thefe habitations who were engaged in the attempt upon the vefTels at the creek. One of the French women, feeing her children feized by a ranger, knocked him down, which another refenting, grafp'=;d his tomahock (or fmall hatchet) and would inftantly have laid her head open, had he not been prevented by a regular Officer: Thompfon adds, that this detachment returned the day following to the fort with their captives and fome cattle, and that what they could not bring o.ff they killed and threw into the flames of the houfes they had fet fire to; that the Officers were in raptures with that part of the country where they had been, and are of opinion, by the appearance of the enemies fettlements, that they are very numerous, and live more comfortably, than they could poflibly be fuppofed to do, in their precarious fituation. Our weather is now extremely fevere ; the efcort, that marched with the detachment on the 6th inftant, returned this morning, after an expedition of an lumdred miles ; they difcovered many tracks thro' the country, and feveral of the enemy on the fouth fuie of the river : the OHicers fay, that they believe the rabble expe^^ted they would have eroded over above, and returned by Renne Force, which mij'-ht be the rcalbn of their being on the fouth fide before Vol. L R tnem i I2t 1758. Apiil. 9ta. . I ;-»,';.-^ < :-;!'p 1 ■ ; )H SPSH^vf' n '';V m t .■. •i. SI- 122 1758. April. lOtll. uih. 14th. 15th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. them; however, the Captain difappointed them, kept the north fide of the river, and made a forced march, by which he brought all his party fafe and well to their garrifon. Two Officers are order- ed to hold themfelves in readinefs to go by the next opportunity to the continent, on the recruiting fervice. The weather milder to-day, with fome Hiowers of rain. The Endeavour fchooner, of Boflon, arrived this day with ordnance ftores : the Mafter informs us, that Major Rogers had been lately on a fcouting party byond fort Edward towards lake George-; that they were met by a body of near feven hundred, moftly Indians, whom they attacked and twice routed ; but the enemy, upon being purfued, finding our party fo much inferior to themfelves in number, rallied and renewed the fight with fuch vigour, that our partifan was at length obliged to retreat with the lofs of near fixty men and Officers j Mr. Rogers's detachment con- fifted of one hundred and eighty fighting men, among whom were many volunteers, both Officers and Cadets from the regulars ; and, before he ventured on the purfuit, the enemy loft near two hundred men, forty of whom he fcalped on the fpot j fome of "the regular Officers are prifoners. Weather open and warm to-day, with fun-fhine ; a fire was dif- covered this morning in an old barn on the oppofite fide of the river, about three miles from hence j it was there our detachment lay, on the night of the 8th inftant, after efcorting the other to the head of the river on their march to fort Edward. An advertife- ment of a late date having appeared in fome news-papers brought by the laft veflel, ordering all the recruiting parties belonging to the regiments who are quartered in Nova Scotia to repair forth- with to their refpedive corps, the twoOfiicers who were under orders to proceed from hence, by the next opportunity, upon that ferviccj are in confequence thereof countermanded. Fine weather to-day with fun-fhine, and was fo fuddenly warm that the odious infed, mufketa, has made its appearance for the firft time^ HISTORICAL JOURNAL. time, though, as yet, it cannot give us any great annoyance ; a detachment embarked this afternoon, on board of the Endeavour Ichooner, and failed in queft of the Eagle fchooner, ftranded the 2d inftant off La Haute Ille -, this command confifled of a Captain, Lieutenant, Enfign, three Serjeants, one Drummer, and fixty rank and file> feveral Officers went volunteers on this cruile, which, with the Eagle's crew, augmented the whole to eighty fighting men : they mounted in their veflel fix fwivels, four wall-pieces, and two cohorns (or Royals) and had a large quantity of ammuni- tion, and one week's provifions. Fine weather to-day, the air extremely fultryj the fun has fuch power, that the fnow begins to wear away, and the grafs and weeds to fliew their heads, fo that we are now regaled with the root Dandelion *, whofe leaves make a good falad, and are equal to endives j or, if boiled, eat as well as fpinage ; this may be fup- pofed to be highly acceptable to men who have been ftrangers to every kind of vegetable for feveral months paft. The enemy have got many fires about the old barn on the north fide of the river (about three miles from hence ;) they began yefterday in the evening, and continued until two o'clock this morning, when, their fires flack- ening, they then renewed them, and they have continued burning ever fmce : we apprehend from hence, and fome fliouts that were heard by the guard at Hog Illand blockhoufe, that the Eagle fchooner and her cargo have fallen into their hands, and that they are entertaining themfelves with the excellent chear which they got on board. Mild weather; the wood-cutters and covering party went out to-day ; at noon they were compelled to return, by a violent ftorm coming on, both of wind and rain, with moft formidable thunder and lightning ; the claps were fo loud, that one would imagine the gunners were difcharging all the ordnance round the fcrt. * This is corrupted from the French worJs Dent dc Licfi, in Eiiglifli, Lion's-tooih ; when it flowers, it is not fit for ufe, being difagrceably bitter, R 2 We 123 1758. April. i6th. 17th. ^ !:■? , »■'■ 'ii ' 4. MifAl ' ^' bourg — J A company of rangers 1 go Total Total 127 1758. April* 'II I"'. ^^'f Mr. liili. 128 April. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Mr. Prodlor the Agent has ftwoured me with the following lill of the tranfports employed in relieving the 28th regiment, for the fervice againft Louilbourg : ■ %■■ i« ' r ■'' ( ■1 IJJI k 1, ' :'■■' t\ ; 1 fl t h- ' m ' : l{ 1 m:^ >loop Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Schooner Ditto Vtflels. Ton- nage Value in Sterl. When in Pay. Day pci Ton per Month. TITot per Month. Plat- form. •7) 1 to 1 1 1 n 3 2 3- Tlfids. of Water. Endeavour Vidlory Profpcrous Mermaid F.Iizabeth Merry Meeting Scarborojigh Endcavoijf Sea-fljwcr VVilmot 2:! 1 76;. 93; 95 66], 69;. Q'>i £■ "0 220 190 180 160 300 280 200 180 200 220 300 Apr. 12 14 14 »3 IS 17 »7 17 19 17 15 £-9 1-2 5 I 25 24 22 25 25 30 30 2.3 25 20 25 36 1 '"T May I ft. In confequence of the intended redudlion of the forces of this garrifon, the ftore-keeper (of provifions) balanced accounts with the Officers to the fatisfadtion of all parties. N. B. Six women per company, per regiment, were vitflualled in like manner and proportion as the foldiers arc, from the day the regiment embarked in Ireland, until the middle of December laft, at which time they were ftruck off by order of Major-General Hopfon. / have now done ijoith the •weather for the prefenty except fome very uncommon alteration JJjall happen which may deferve particular attention j andy as I am informed the winters in this province ad- mit offnuch variationy my intention is to renew my diary of the weather on thefirjl day of November Jiexty and continue it with the fame punSluality as has been hitherto obferved. Three of our companies embarked to-day, and fell down the river \ the Colonel embarked in the evening j he is to command fix HISTORICAL JOURNAL. M'-i lifl the very cular ad- the ivitb tbs land lix fix companies and a detachment of rangers at fort Cumberland ; upon his ftepping into the boat he was faluted with eleven guns, ac- cording to the cuftom of mod garrifons abroad. Our prclent force of every rank, including the detachment of Royal Artillery, amounts to two hundred and twenty-five men : and, if occafion ihould re- quire, we can be reinforced with about feventy artificers and others from the town. - The tranfports failed to-day, and the Plaw lloop of war came up to the wharf to clean ; at ten o'clock this night, as fome of the town's-people were fiiliing in their ponds, they were near being fur- prifed by fome of the enemy in a canoe, wliom we conjedlure to have been laying night lines on the north fhorej and, perceiving a light which our people had with them, they had tJie prefumption under cover of a thick fog to make towards it, but were luckily difcovcred, and obliged to put off haflily to prevent an alarm j it is fufpeded they were defirous to take a prifoner, in order to procure intelligence of our prefent ftrcngth, as the failing of fo large a de- tachment from hence could not efcape their vigilance. Some Frenchmen were (cQn this morning on horfe-back riding down towards Babynot's-Hill, from cape Mayafs, which is a little to the eaftward of it : they came to take a view of the foundation that has been laid for a new blockhoufe, for the protedtion of the cattle belonging to the government's teams, and to the inhabitants i thefe fellows made no delay, not chufing to truH: themfelves in fuch open ground : after gratifying their curiofity, they galloped ofi'very precipitately. A covering party went two miles off to-day, to cover fome v/ork- men who are digging land, in order to fiiiidi a cafcmate and Ibnie other works in the fort; our duty i^ now become fmart on the Otiicers and foldiers j we are on guard every otlici niglu, iuid by day we are employed either in cutting rirc-wood, or dir^ginq iand. Vol. I. S VVhoii May. 2J. 3J. •K. ■ n ii m ' ji 'ii mi ,i ' if ! (•■ \i 130 • 758. M.iy. 8tli. 12th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. When tlie covering party were out to-day, fome dogs ruflied down the hill on the oppofite fide of Allen's river, and were immediately called off J one of the centinels gave the alarm by firing at them; tlie men flood to their arms, and the artificers retired behind them; our fituation was too advantageous for the rabble to venture to at- tack us, and we were rather too diftant from the range of their llict : we whiflled and called to their dogs, hoping to provoke them to quit their cover ; and the party gave them three cheers, but it was all to no purpofe; at length, finding they would not comedown from their amibuili, the workmen returned to their work, and the detachment contin.ued under arms for the remainder of the day. [The fand-pit v/as on the upper de(;livity of a hill, and the covering party on the eminence behind them ; at the bottom was a pleafant vale, watered by the river before-mentioned, which ran fepentine : and on the oppofite fide, at fome dillance, was a very fteep hill, covered with trees and under-wopd. Late laft night arrived a Hoop from fort Cumberland, with the Major of the 43d regiment, whc is to take the command of this garrifon : to-day, at his landing, he was faluted with eleven guns, which were anfwered by the fwivels of the (loop, in which he took his pafilige. The tranfports with the 28th regiment came to an anchor in the bafon ; the wind, being contrary, obftrudls their pur- fuing their voyage. Several reprefentations have been made of the ruinous condition of the fortifications of this garrifon, the infuffi- ciency of the number of troops here to defend it, the neceliity we are under of fending parties ahnoil two miles off to cut fire-wood, and of our foldiers being obliged to carry it that great length of way, at the rilk of their lives; the prefiing neceility we are un- der of forwarding the King's works ; and that we have neither flats, boats, barges, fchooncr or other vcffel, on the river, by which to proted: the navigation ; or, if invelled, to inable us to detach ad- vice to any other fort or garrifon in the province : and, lartly, that our Paymallcr has not money fufficient to fubfifl the regiment for the HISTORICAL JOURNAL. the enfuing mufler. — Two young gentlemen who left Europe with the 43d regiment, in order to ferve as volunteers, marched with the detachment from hence that efcorted the Engineer to fort Ed- ward, on the 6t'i of 1 aft mcnth : their inten'ion being to proceed with the army to Lou'fbourg, they were efcorted to Hal fax by a detachment from the Ro al Americans, and in their march met with a ftraggling party of the enemy, of which they have tranfmit- ted to us the following relation : ** About fix miles from fort Edward, in our way to Halifax, we faw a great fmoke in the woods, about two hundred yards from the road -, why we paid no regard to it, I will not pretend to fay : going a little farther, our guide, who was at feme fniall diftancc before our advanced-guard, faw twelve or fourteen of the enemy fitting together at their dinner i they immediately bounced up and ran off towards the woods : on their flight our guide fired at them and wounded one of them, having tracked his blood after- wards on the fnow; our party by this time came up and piirfucd them, upon which the enemy drew up behind their ufual fences (the trees) fired at our people, and then ran off. Our whole lofs amounts to two men killed on tlie fpot, one of whom was our guide : we had none v/ounded j what execution v:c did among them, I will not pretend to fay; but our advanccd-^ijuard gave them very brifk firing, until they were ordered to deli it : the Commanding Officer, not having any inflrucT-ions liov,- to ivtl in a cafe of this kind, did not think it proper to jv.uiu ■ tli-j enemy any farther j we tiiL-f .sore went bavk to the pi '.c? wlicrc tliey had been firft alarmed, and got three camp-kettle.^, a ll'.d- (kin gun-cafe, feveral haverfacks of the fame ikin, with niany little odd tilings in them, particularlv a lock of a firck)ck be- longing to the 43d regiment, aiv.I a pair of 1 irge lilver buJil.-s, which they got fonie tiiiie beiorc from a Scricaat of r^'.np.er.i who fell into their ha:u]s, Afcer we had cf)lk'Cr. d our plunui.r, we proceeded on our mareh to Il.'.Ur.r;, ami never haUeu urr.il S 2 ♦' v.-e I3» i75«. 0' "1 il. ilji Wr .m :n4 1 : ik : : :.'.di h i Ml •I Hj J, I jri ^32 1758. May. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ' we reached fort Sackville, where we arrived at eight o'clock in * the morning, and the other twelve miles we came at our leifure ; * [ mufl obfcrve to you, that I faw among the enemy a well-look- ' ing man with white cloaths, and his hat and waiftcoat were * laced ; which makes us imagine he is a French regular Officer, * &c. &c." // is is not unlikely but it was Monficur Bois Hibert, and that he might then be on his march to Louijhoiirg with thefe rabble, whom, he was probably colle^ing from their different dijlri£ls, for that fervice. A large detachment of chofen men from the troops going againit Louifbourg, under the command of a Major, are ordered to fcour this province, burn their fettlements, and direft their courfe after- wards towards the ftraits of Caufeau, in order to cut off the retreat of the Acadians in their return from Cape Breton, after the furren- der of its capital. We are credibly informed, that upwards of forty letters for the Officers and foldiers of the 43d regiment lately lay at the Pofl:- Office at Halifax, and the Poftmaller, not knowing how he fhould be repaid the poftage of them, or where to forward them to, tranf- mitted them back to New- York, by which means it is not im- probable but they may all mifcarry; it is an unlucky circumftance that fome regulation is not fet on foot, to prevent fuch difappoint- ments happening to the troops throughout America, and thofe particularly who are doomed to exile in the miferable fortrelTes of this remote province. It is well known, that, during the late vvai' in Flanders, there was a Poftmafter-General to the Britifh army, whofe office was always at the head quarters j and all I-^tters, whether forwarded by the packets to Holland, or tranfmitted by private Ihips, or otherwife, were regularly fent to the army, and duly diftributed to the refpeftive regiments; it is almoft incredible what fums have been paid for fmgle European letters by Officers aad foldiers, and the unneceflary extravagant expence that has been in- curred rate uly hat in- rred HISTORICAL JOURNAL. curred by their travelling over almofl every part of British America, bsfore they have reached their proper owners. Some Officers of the 28th regiment, who are ftill detained by contrary winds in the bafon, came up to-day to fee this garrifon, and inform us, that the feafon is much forwarder here than at fort Cumberland j this is eafily accounted for, that part of the province being many leagues* eaflward, or E. N. E. of Annapolis; more- over that fortrefs is fituated on an open eminence, much expofed to every wind : while this fort, and its environs, are well (heltered by high lands, covered with thick forefts all round. It being Whitfunday, this feftival was duly obferved : the New- England artificers, who are a fober, religious fet of men, chanted two anthems for us in a very pleafing and folemn manner. The fleet with the 28th regiment failed this morning. Notwithftanding the length of a rigorous winter, and the back- wardnefs of the feafon, vegetation is furprifingly forward, infomuch- that we have been regaled with afparagus for thefe two days part:. By a floop juft: come from Halifax, we have an account of Admiral Bofcawen's being arrived with a fine fleet in Chebudto harbour, and of Sir Charles Hardy's having taken fome valuable prizes off Louifljourg ; on board of one of them was the following lading : fifteen hundred thirteen-inch Jhells, Jour hundred barrels of powder ^feven * I never heard exa£^Iy the diftance between thefe two places, but, from my own knowledge of the time employed in failing thither from hence, and the rate at which we failed, I am of opinion it cannot be lefs than fifty leagues; and I calculate it after this manner : it is allowed to be above four leagues (or better than thirteen miles) from this fort to the entrance of this river from the bay, which I remember we once cleared about eight o'clock, in the morning, and did not come to an anchor at ChegnecSto until eleven o'clock the next day ; in all this time, we never once fhoitcned fail, for we had a fair wind, and remarkably moderate weather; fo that allowing we did not exceed five knots in an hour (which, however, I am certain we did for feveral hours) it will be little Oiort of what I have advanced. 1 admit fiiips will run it down from that fort in a much (horter time j feven,— eight,— nine,— nay ten knots I have frequently heard of. hundred 1758. May. 13th. 14th. 19th. % i' '?^ l-'iiiS ■ '■■:.-,% '■ ^ ■-'•:•*• t ^ ' i . 1 , « \?^ m^ '*'! ^t ^\\ i ll^i A •P^l ? \\\ iHi 1 K > ,•*! '• t \ i iii 4 \ Il^ii'. r:S'|r,,.. 'Hill ["5" 1758. 24th. 29th. 1''!i HISTORICAL JOURNAL. hundred barrels of floury four hundred barrels of porky four chejis of money ^ and twelve hundred jiands of arms. Upon Admiral Bofcawen's being told at Halifax, that fomf! French men of war and tranfports had got into Louiibourg, he replied,- / am glad of it ; if all the feet of France goes in, I will follow them j there is room enough for us all s—the more we fnd there y the 7nore captures I will make. The Captain-Lieutenant of the 43d regiment is promoted to the company that was vacated by the death of the worthy Officer who was killed on the 8th of December laft j and a Lieutenant from an- other corps is preferred in his room. Wooding and covering parties were fent out this morning, to the hill weftward of Allen's river, for fome fire-wood (this emi- nence is defcribed under the 8th inftant ;) when the party are in pof- feffion of that ground, they have little to apprehend ; but the road leading to it is dangerous, being a defile of near a quarter of a mile in length, fo that twelve men ported there would make great exe- cution among ten times their number, without being driven to any follicitude for their own fafety. At noon the weather, turning out wet, with thunder firorms, obliged the detachment to return to the fort j the Officer, purfuant to his orders, reported the difagreeable circumftances of a command's being fent there, and the dangers they are expofed to, notwithflanding the moft prudent precautions. The cape blockhoufe has been pulled down, in order to be re- paired; and, when completed, is to be ereded on Babinot's-Hill, which will render this place more agreeable both to the troops and the town's-people, and be a great protection to their cattle ; many advantages will refult from it to every individual. At five o'clock this morning a Captain, Subaltern, and forty men, with three gunners, fix fwivels, and two wall-pieces, marched out, and took pofTeffion of the ground on the eminence of Babi- not's- i HISTORICAL JOURNAL. not's-Hill for the blockhoufe ; this fortrefs will ftand very advantage- oufly, being on a neck of land, which, by the Terpentine courfe of Allen's river, forms a peninfula, with a natural glacis to three faces of it j the detachment incamped here with their front to the caihvard, then difpofcd of their artillery to the bed advantage, in cafe of an alarm ; ported the proper advanced centinels, fet up a flag-ftaff, and inftantly hoifted colours : carts were, at the fame time, employed in carrying out the timber, and the artificers, who are expert at this kind of work, raifcd one ftory of the houfe, and laid the floor for the fecond, before night. The detachment at the advanced blockhoufe was relieved to-day by an equal number, as yefterday ; an Officer and thirty men, with two guides, were ordered to fcour the country : they took a tour of about fourteen miles, and returned by a different route, without meeting with any annoyance, or track of man or beaft. The new fortrefs at Babinot's-iHill being almoft finiflied, the de- tachment is reduced to one Subaltern, one Serjeant, one Gunner, and thirty rank and file. We are now tormented much by mulT ii '■ f;^{Mi Pt '^^ \... 'N ■ , r ■ !: ' 1 ■' ; %■[•*• M i'i 136 1758. June, 5th. 8th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL, florehoufe, and robbed it of feveral valuable articles, fome of which, in their confufion, they dropped on the (hore, and were fincc re- covered : one of thefe fellows went to a houfe adjoining to the ilorehoufe, and lifted up the latch, whereupon the woman from within, being awake, challenged j the other called to her in the Indian language (with an intent, as (he thinks, to frighten her) and, finding {lie would not be iilent, he fpoke to her in Englifli, bade her lie quiet, and make no alarm, or he would murder her ; which terrified her fo much, that, by pinching her hufband, flie roufed him : he jumped up inflantly, and the Frenchman, being thereby likely to be difcovered, ran out of the houfe j fome town's- people, paffing at that time, in order to fifh in their ponds, obliged the rogues to make off to their canoes, and re-crofs the river. Had they not been difturbed, their intention, probably, was, after plun- dering the florehoufe, to fet fire to it, according to their ufual cuf- tom ; one of them exchanged an old hat for a better j it had a Corporal's fhoulder-knot round it, by way of hatband, with a taffel at the end, curioufly ornamented with beads afier the Indian manner. The advanced blockhoufe is now finifhed on Babinot's-Hill j it has a flout picket-work, at a fmall diflance, round it, and loop- holes therein for mufketry, with flankers at the angles, which enfilade the faces and circumjacent ground, fo as to render it a good pofl againfl any number of fmall arms j a Serjeant, Gunner, and fifteen rank and file, mount guard there every day j fix fwivel guns are fixed there on carriages, with a proper allowance of ammunition of every kind, fome granado's, and a week's provifions, A floop is jufl: arrived from Pimmaquid, the Maflcr whereof i'l- forms us, that he fpoke with a twenty-gun fliip who lies at anchor in the bay, flationed there, as he luppofcs, for the protcvftion of thefe garrifons -, we are alfo told by this man, that the urmy under (jeneral It a inei", i lix ■'■ ance eck"s frl f h)- ichor f n of mder : neral HISTORICAL JOURNAL. General Abercromby, are on their march j and that Sir William Johnfon has the command of a large body of Indians, who are daily increaiing their numbers, by the defection of other tribes from the French intereft; and that the laige corps of provincial troops, which compofe a part of that army, were in high fpi- rits, and well appointed, infomuch that the provinces fanguinely flatter themfelves with a very fuccefsful campaign in that quarter. The Captain of his Majefty's fliip Hind, now at anchor off the entrance of this river, arrived here in his barge, with money for the troops ; he is to proceed on the fame errand to fort Cumber- land } whence, in his return, he is to look into St. John's, fire fe- veral guns there, and afterwards repair to the fleet at Louifbourg ; —this gentleman informs us, that the whole armament failed from Halifax for Cape Breton, on the 28th ult. Captain Bond has fa- voured us with a copy of the following orders, publifhed by his Excellency Admiral Bofcawen, dated Halifax harbour. May the 2 1 ft, 1758. ♦* All arrears and fea pay of all the corps to be paid forthwith, ** as far as there is money to do it. The grenadiers of the army, ** and two or three of the oldeft regiments, will probably be the ** firft to land, unlefs the Admiral thinks it neceflary, from the ** fituation of the tranfports, or other circumftances, to order it " otherwife. The boats of the ordnance fhips, as well as the reft, will be employed in landing the firft body of men, ex- cept fuch as are requifite t5 carry on fhore the light fix-poun- ders. The boats of the hofpital-ihips are foiely to be employed for the ufe and afiiftance of any who may be wounded j and a place of rendezvous will be appointed for the boats, when the landing is fixed upon. The feamen, who row the tranfports' ** boats, are not to have fire-arms, when the ti'oops are ordered " to land. Officers are to go into the boats, in proportion to the "number of men, without crowding, particularly if there be any VoL.L T "fwcU «< tt (< i< tt i75«. J inc. . i *** ""I ** ' " : * i '.i 1 i* > ■• 1-, ,;.■ ■ \ ■I ' ■ \'' ^:;si •m ^'■'u :*! :^. :nji el I , 1758. June. tt t ( It »( *t (( «( K *e (i (( *( t( (( (( '<( (( 4( «( i( <{ <( (( (< (« <( «( <« <( ({ (( (< If HISTORICAL JOURNAL. fwell or fiirf. The Admiral will order fome light boats, to fiu'c any men that may fall into the fea by any accident. The firll; body in Gabarus bay mnfl; carry nothing in the boats but their arms and ammunition, with bread and cheefe in their pockets for two days. All the tents and blankets of the troops that land firfl are to be carefully bundled up, ready to carry on" Ihore, after they have got footing, and beat off" the enemy. Six days' provifions to be prepared, at a proper time, in readinefs to be fent a-fliore after the men. Trufty perfons to be left in every lliip, to fuperintend and take care of the baggage and provifions. No woman to be permitted to land, until the men are all on fhore, and until their tents, blankets, provifions, and necefla- ries are likewife landed. Every Officer, commanding in a boat, fliall be anfwerable, that no man fire his piece from out of the boat. There have been examples of men fixing their bayonets in boats, but the pradice is fo abfurd, that it feems hardly ne- ceffary to forbid it : bayonets are fixed in a moment after the men are landed. As faft as the men get out of the boats, they muft form, and march direftly forward to clear the beach, and charge whatever is before them j they are not to purfue, but will be ordered to take poft, fo as efi^edtually to fecure the reft of the army. The Commanders of the grenadiers, and all the Field-Officers, employed in the firft landing, are to difembark in light rowing-boats, that they may land their refpedlive corpse and '»ive their orders readily. The tranfports, which have on board the regiment of the train of artillery, and of the corps of rangers, muft keep as much together as poflible, that, when the fignal is made for any particular corps, it may be in readinefs to a without makirig any difcovery ; the party did not return till near eleven o'clock at night. The occafibn of the alarm yefterday was a negro Servant's de- ferting bis mafter, upon his fuppofing himielf ill uied ; anu, after wanderiiiig through the woods until he was almoft exhaufted with fatigue and hunger, he made feveral efforts to crofs Mayafs-Hill» in order to return to the fort ; but being fired upon by the block- houfe guard, he was frightened, and retired again to the woods. This, with the hazinefs of the weather, and fome black ftumps of trees, that appear, at a diftance, like men (and aided, per- haps, by the force of imagination, which is not an uncommon, cafe) deceived the Serjeant and his guard ; the extreme fimplicity of the poor African prevented his being feverely punifhed *. * When the Commanding Officer threatenec' to hang him, he replied with great firw- nefs, *■ he was glad of it, for then he was certain he fbould return to his own country.' A veflel vim- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. A vcfTel from fort Cumberland put in here ; by her a letter was received, acquainting us, that on the i8th ult. three defertcrs from the enemy came and furrendered there to the Commanding Officer •, they brought their arms with them ; one is a Swifs, the fecond a Hollander, and the third a native of France j they be- longed to the regulars, and their uniforqis are faced with blue. They report, that they came from the iflr.nd of St. John (near Cape Breton) that their people were flarving for want of provi- fions, and that Monficur Bois Hibert was adtually gone to Louif- bourg wita a great number of men from this province; being aiked how many? they anfwered, between three and four hundred. Our weather has been remarkably whimfical fince the beginning cf May ; fometimes it is very fultry, and then we are tormented with infe by this yeff^l we have received the following manifefto, concerning the French in- fraction of the capitulation of fort William-Henry. HI 1758. June. 17th. ad-, Julv, 6tii. \ ■ (' '•til (( Fort f'.l! : l'- .■ i''Ni i-fi , I ' j •<:• I mm ' mi ' 'I ' '*■ ;i:i '\ ■ 142 8th. (( <( << <( <( (( <( HISTORICAL JOURNAL. «« Fort E.iward (N^cvv-Eiigland) June the a+th, 1758. ** The enemy being become mailers of Ibrt William-Henry, by virtue of a capitulation made upon the 9th of Augufl lall, which capitulation tliey immediately broke, in a moll notorious ond flagrant manner, by murdering, pillaging and captivating many of his Majelly's good fubjedts, in violation of the faid capitula- " tion, as well as of the law of nations. Upon thefe confidera- *• tions, and in honour and juflice to his Majeily's arms, — Major- '* General Abercromby hereby ikclarcs the faid capitulation null and voldt and that all Officers and foldiers, ferving, the 9th of Augufl laft, at fort William-Henry, are hereby impoiuercd and commanded to lerve in the fame manner, as if no fuch capitulation had ever ** been made. All which Major-General Abercromby has notified to the Governor General of Canada, fignifying to him at the fame time, that, if any of his Majelly's fubj .'^ts, fuppofed to be ** comprehended in the laid capitulation, may fall into the enemy's " hands, and any violence follow thereupon, that he will retaliate ** on the perfons of the French prifoners now in his hands, as well ** as on all fuch as fliall be taken hereafter by fea or land. ** The above to be publilhed at the head of every corps in his " Majefty's fervice in North America, Signed by order, ** James Cuninghame, ** Aid de Camp to his Excellency." To Lieqtcnant Colonel James, or the Officer commanding his Majefty's 43d Regiment In the Bay of Fundy, and Piovince of Nova Scotia. An immenfe quantity of excellent filh was taken in the ponds this morning : a foldier, who was bathing in the river, was carried, by the violence of the current, beyond his depth, and drowned. In confequence of repeated reports made by the Officers who daily viiit the barracs, *' that the foldiers have no beddinjj to lie on (what his HISTORICAL JOURNAL. (what they had being worn out) that the windows are in a fliat- tcrcd condition, and the roofs of thcfe cafcrns are fo fauhy, that tlie men can fcarce keep thcnifelvcs and tlicir arms dry :" the Commanding Orticer has made frequent reprcfcntations of thefe grievances, yet to no purpofe : the anfwer, made by the gentle- men who have the management of thefe matters here, is to this tTc^ft: " We cannot do any thing without orders from England, the barracs arc not worth repairing, they ought to be con- demned, 6cc." The detachment here is daily at exercife, neverthelefs our time padcs away very heavily; and, when the calendar does not furnilh us will a loyal excufe for aflembling in the evening,, we have re- courfe to a Free-Mafon Lodge, ♦* where we work (o hard, that it is inconceivable to think what a quantity of bufinefs, of great im- portance, is tranfaded, in a very fhort fpace of time." Frefli provifions have been fcarce with us for fome weeks paft, fo that, when we are not fo fortunate as to take fifli, we are reduced to eat fait beef and pork from the flores j a circumdance much more difagreeable in fummer than in winter. Our Commandant has made a partition of all the clear ground, on Mayafs and Babi- not's-Hills, within the range of the advanced blockhoufe ; and all hands are now employed in cutting and fjiving hay, againft the ar- rival of cattle from New-England, for the enfuing winter. We begin to be impatient for news from the callward and fouth- ward; this morning our Major, defirous of taking a view of the country, ordered an Officer and thirty men to efcort him ; we were accompanied byMr.Dyfon, and proceeded as far as Saw-mill-Creekj we marched out, and returned by different routes ; fcourcd the orchards, and all the adjoining thickets, without making any dif- covery, except fome horfe's dung which was quite frefh : we track- ed the horfe to the creek, where we could perceive he had crofled over, fo that we conclude he was mounted by one of the enemy, who mijght^be detached as a Ipy to watch our motions, and, having di£- H3 1758. 12th. 24'it ^n ■^tM II ^> M "M ■ ^t *l m ■ m ; 1 v.'u ■il"! W:\'j il' t ., ''■Wi$ 144 1758. July. 31ft. Auguft. 2d. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. difcovered our party, had retired to alarm the country. The or- chards abound with apples, pears, cherries, currants, and fome rafpberries ; the grafs, on thefe grounds, is not lefs than three feet in length, though of a ftrong coarfe kind; nothing can equal the beauty and fragrance of the forefts at this feafon, where there are rtrawberries and other fpontaneous fruits in great plenty ; the de- tachment returned, about four o'clock in the afternoon, a little fatigued, for the heat of the weather was intolerable ; though of this we cannot complain every day. A velTel turned into the bafon this morning early, and tripped out again J as the weather was hazy, we could not difcern whether fhc was a (loop, or a large fail-boat : the Fort- Major, with two Office«*s, a Serjeant, and twelve rank and file, were fent down in an old crazy boat to reconnoitre the bafon and bay, and returned at night without making any difcovery ; upon their firft fetting off, feveral fignals were difcharged in the woods, on the oppofitc fide of the river, by the fculkirjg rabble of the country. This morning arrived a floop from Bofton'' with (heep and black cattle, a moil agreeable freight, as we have been much difl:refl^ed for frefli provifions for fome time paft; feveral letters were brought by this veflel, among which I received two, with the following authentic intelligence : «« Camp before Louifbourg, June 16th. " The fleet arrived fafe in Gabarus bay on the 2d, 3d, and 4th, " inftant j and, by a perverfe feries of bad weather, we could not •* land before the eighth j which we fortunately effefted, after en- ** countering dangers that are almoft incredible : we are now in- •* trenching our camp, but cannot yet land any artillery, by reafoii ** of the high wind and great fwell upon this coaft. Brigadier •* Wolfe (whom, I have heard you fay, you remember in Flan- •* ders) has performed prodigies of valour, and has, within thelc ** few days, taken pofi: at the light-houfe point, which is oppofiie •• to the ifland battery. To give you my own private opinion, I *'think tt « <( €* t( (( (( <« <( (( i( <( <( << (< and, in order to difappoint their views, for the future, a proclamation is ifTued from the fort, ordering all the cattle to be houfed, immediately, upon the firfl gun firing in the evening. A council was held to-day in this garrifon, in confequence of which, an embargo is laid on the lafl floop that arrived, on account of two privateers the enemy have got in the bay : thefe vefTels were alfo New-England traders, that have been furprifed, as they lay at anchor, by thefe river vermin in their canoes ; a fcheme was pro- pofed to arm the floop, and, put a detachment on board of her, to cruife HISTORICAL JOURNAL. cruife againft the enemy j but it was confidered, that a large party could not, in our prefent lituation, be fpared, and we could not hope for fuccefs with a fmall one. We were alarmed, about ten o'clock this night, by two (hots dif- charged in the ikirts of the town j the main-guard inflantly fallied out, but returned before it could be replaced by another : fince the robbbery of the ftore-houfe, as mentioned on the 2d of June, the inhabitants of the town have kept a guard to patrole every night ; and the alarm proceeded from their feeing two men whc-n they challenged, and, receiving no anfwer, at the fame time one f them fculkiiig oft, to avoid being difcovered, the patrole fired at them, but fortunately did no mifchief : the two men were Officers' Ser- vants who were upon an affair of gallantry, and declmed anfwering the challenge, to prevent a difcovery ; one of them was (liot through the corner of his hat. This morning the Serjeant of the advanced blockhoufe reported to the Commanding Officer, that lafl: night, between eleven and t'velve o'clock, he was alarmed by a loud fliout, at a little diftancc from his poflr, which was anfwered by another ftill nearer to him ; whereupon he made his men (land to their arms, and difpofed of them, in a proper manner, on the two floors of the houfe ; that they then lirtened very attentively, and could plainly hear people talking ; as they fpoke in a language he did not underftand, he con- cluded they were a party of the enemy, and therefore remained un- der arm.s until it was clear day-light ; he added, that he would have given the dogs a fwivel, but was afraid of alarming the gar- rifon. [We are concerned that the enemy did not attack the blockhoufe, for that Serjeant is a brave fellow, and would have given us a good account of themj though it is more probable their intention was to ileal our cattle, rather than attempt to llrike a coup at that poft.J U2 Two 147 1758. Auguft. loth. 13th. a ',, ■(- Ur^H ; ;-: ! i 4 ' iii • ;l ilm ■a \i .Mf ::'Ui '■' U v'M I'.' ■' 'iiffl 'I >'' f i' If T ' ' M' 148 J758. Auguft. 17th. xSth. aoth. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Two veirds turned into the bafon this morning, but, without wetting their anchors, turned out again into the bay ; upon the wind's failing them, they came back afecond time, and, before they could moor, the wind fprung up frefli from the fouth-weft, fo that they foon difappeared and proceeded on their voyage (as we fuppofe) to fort Cumberland. About one o'clock to-day, the enemy made a large fire in the woods, oppofite to the fort; our colours were inftantly hoifted, and two guns were difcharged at the fmoke, with a round and grape {hot in each i upon a falutation of this kind, tlie fire always diminiflies» A fchooner arrived, from Bofton, this morning ; by this veflel we had the fatisfadtion to receive a bag of letters, fome from. Europe, and others from the fouthward ; but none from the caft- ward : among thofe which I got, was the following one, from my friend in the Commander in Chief's army, dated Albany, July the 29th, 1758. ** I fcratched a few lines to you, on the nth inftant, from fort ** Edward, and, as I wrote in great pain, I think it was fcarce ** legible ; — fuch as it was, fhall be glad to hear it reached you fafe: ** in a few days after 1 difpatched it to you, my fever abated, and *' I was judged to be out of danger; for fome time, however, it '* was apprehended I fhould lofe my arm ; as all my baggage re- ** mained here fince laft winter, I obtained leave to remove to this ** place, knowing I could be better accommodated here, than in my " confined fituation at fort Edward : in my laft, I promifed you a ** particular account of our unhappy florm on the 8th inftant ;. it is *• a mortifying taik, but you fhall be indulged, as I know you arc *' curious after every occurrence. It will be needlefs to have re- *♦ trofpeft to any events preceding the 4th of this month, as there '• wa» not any thing remarkable, except preparing for the expedi- *' tion> and embarking our provifions, (lores, and artillery ; the " latter HISTORICAL JOURNAL. " latter wen; mounted on floats or rafts^ for the protedlon of our " armament upon the lake, and to cover us at our landing. On ** the 5th, the whole army, amounting to about fixteen thoufand *' men, embai-ked likewife ; our tranfports were batteaus and whale- " boats, and in fuch numbers as to cover the lake for a confider- *' able length of way, as may well be fuppofed j we proceeded foon ** after in great order, and, as I was in one of the foremofl divi- " fions, as foon as we were put in motion, I think I never beheld *♦ fo delightful a profpedt. On the 6th, we arrived early in the *• morning at the cove, where we were to land : here we expedted ** fome oppofitionj but a party of light troops having got on ** lliore, and finding all clear, the whole army landed without lofs ** of time, formed into columns, and marched immediately j upon ** our approach, an advanced guard of the enemy, confifting of fe- *' veral hundred regulars and favagcs, who were ported in a ftrong ** intrenched camp, retired very precipitately, after fetting fire to *' their camp, and deftroying almoft every thing they had with •* them J we continued our march through dark woods and fwamps ** that were almoft impafl'able, till at length, having loft our way, ** the army being obliged to break their order of march, we were •* perplexed, thrown into confufion, and fell in upon one another, ** in a moft diforderly manner : it was at this time that Brigadier "Lord Howe, being advanced a confiderable way a-head of us, " with all the light infantry, and one of our columns, came up *• with the before-mentioned advanced guard of the enemy, whom *' we alfo fuppofe to have loft themfelves in their retreat, when ti •* fmart fkirmilh enfued, in which we were vidlors, though with •• fome lofs ; trifling, however, in comparifon to that which tiic ** army fuftained by hii. Lordftiip's fall, who was killed at the firft ** charge, and is univerfally regretted both by Officers and foldier?; •' the enemy fufFered much in this rencounter, betng very roughly ** handled -, and we made many men and feveral Officers prifoners. On the morning of the 7th we marched back to the landing- '* place. «( 149 AugUltr ■m itii !'s' I; M f I! '?( h 1 i I .fill I !■■" 150 1758. Auguth t* s until the evening, when we were joined by the remainder of the army. I with I could throw a veil over *• what is to follow ; for I confefs I am at a lofs how to proceed : — *• our army was numerous, we were in good fpirits, and, if I may ** give you my own private opinion, I believe we were one and all *• infatuated with a notion of carrying every obftacle, with fo •* great a force as we had, by a mere Coup de Mufqueterie -y to fuch ** chimerical and romantic ideas I intirely attribute our great difafter "* on the 8th, in which we were confirmed by the report of our chief Engineer, who had reconnoitred the enemy's works, and determined our fate, by declaring it as his opinion, that it was very pradiicable to carry them by a general ftorm j accordingly, *' the army being formed, and every thing in readinefs, we pro- *' ceeded to the attack, which was as well condudled and fupported as any bold undertaking ever was j — but alas ! we foon found ourfelves grolTly deceived ; — the intrenchments were different from what we had expected, and were made to believe j their breaft-works were uncommonly high, and the ground in their front, for a great length of way, was covered with 2Ln Abbatis de Bois, laid fo clofe and thick, that their works were really ren- * dered impregnable. The troops, by tlie cool and fpirited ex- * ample of the General, made many eager efforts to no purpofe ; for we were (6 intangled in the branches of the felled trees, ** that tc *t t( it <( <( ■f ,ii^ r HISTORICAL JOURNAL. '5« that we could not poffibly advance j the enemy were fenfible of '75^* this, and remained fteady at their breaft-works, repeating their fire, which, from their numbers, was very weighty, and, from a convidion of their own fafety, was fervcd with great compofurc. Such was our lituation for almoft five hours, when, at length, finding our lofs confiderable, and no profpeft of carrying our point, we were ordered to defift, and retire : — the army retreated to the ground we had occupied on the preceeding night at the faw-mill, and the wounded were fent off to the batteaus with- out delay, where the remains of our fhattered forces joined us early on the ninth, and the whole re-embarked, and continued our retreat to lake George i there we arrived the fame evening and incamped. That place is computed to be about thirty miles from Ticonderoga (though I believe it is more) and four- teen from fort Edward, whither, as alfo to this town (from which I now write) all the wounded were fent the next day. Our lofs is indeed very confiderable, as you will fee by the in- clofed return. The valiant Colonels Donaldfon, Bever, and Major Proby, with many other of our friends, I am heartily forry to acquaint you, are among the flain *. So that what we find fo feelingly expreflcd by the poet is here fatally verfified, " For, How many mothers (hall bewail their fons ! '* How many widows weep their hufbands flain ! *' What lofs the enemy fuftained, or if any, it is impofllble for us *' to be able to give the leaft account of; they did not attempt to •• purfue us in our retreat. Let me hear from you upon receipt " of this packet, and, if any thing fhould occur in the farther '• courfe of this campaign, you fhall hear from me again j but, I * Thefe three Officers were gentlemen of diftingui/hed merit, and, being refpcc- tively very great ornaments, fo they are fenfible loffes to the army, by whom they arc Uncerely regretted. '* prefume. 4* *t tt tt «( « << €1 tt tt tt tt tt ft tt (( tt tt tt tt tt , l;Ct :■>!*■ K : l| r, 1 1 w. !■ I- i^- '•':■ I «»■ li i' ;. '■■■'■ 1;!* ' i' ' '' mi h 154 1758. Aiigwft. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ** their plunder. In the afternoon of the Hime day Captain Dank>, ♦* with Lieutenant Meech and fevcnty men, landed on the foutli- " wcil Ihore, went up the river, and marched fevcral miles up ** the country, but could not difcover any thing ; upon which the " Captain returned to their floop, and reached fort Ciiinberlaiui oi\ " tlic 4th inihuTt, with all his party, prifoners, and plunder; and *• had not a man of his whole detachment killed or wounded." Here follows an extract of a fecond letter from the fame Oil'icer, dated fort Cumberland, July 17, 1758. N. B. This letter relates to the occurrences oj the 6th, yih, and %th December Iqjl. " Yet I could not let flip this opportunity of ac- <( (( <( <( (< «< (( <( <( «< <( (( i< and, in fliort, the want ^S7 Augult. 2ift. ' .)' ''il a+th. 27th. Septem- ber. 2d. r 't\\ 1 t i ; ' • i ■, ' '( ■iA ' ■('-if .-( ■■I'- u I K yi'.l'r ; i i I ''!" Jr ;:!■ .58 i-ss. Septem- ber. 6th. ■ !'■■ ■I' I II I STORICAL JOURNAL. want of more manly employment, and rational amufcment, fcrvcs to hciglitcn our difcontent. This day a floop arrived from Bofton, and, as foon as fli2 came near to the wharf, the troops and town's-people eagerly ran down to in- quire for news : every f )ul was now impatient, yet fhy of allcing j at length the velT"] being come near cnougii to be fpokcn to, I called out — * What news from Louifbourg?' to which the Marter fimply re- plied, and with fome gravity, — * Nothing ftrange.' This anfwer, which was fo coldly delivered, threw us all into great confternation, and we looked at each other without being able to fpeak ; fome of us even turned away, with an intent to return to the fort *. At length one of our foldiers, not yet fatisfied, called out with fome warmth, — * Damn you, Pumkin, — is not Louifbourg taken yet ?' The poor New-England man then anfwered — ' taken! ay, above a month ago, and I have been there fmce : but, if you have never heard it before, I have got a good parcel of letters for you now.' — If our apprehen- fions were great at firll, words are infufficient to exprcfs our tran- fports of joy at this fpeech, the latter part of which we hardly waited for ; but inftantly all hats flew off, and we made the neigh- bouring woods refound with our cheers and huzzas, for almofl half an hour. The Mafter of the floop was amazed beyond ex- yreflion, and declared he thought we had heard of the fuccefs of our arms to the eafl:ward before, and had fought to banter him. Among the letters that were now handed on fliore, I had the fatisfa(ftion to receive my wifhed for packet ; but fliall pcftpone any notice of it, until I have infertcd fome extracts of the general Orders, that were publilhed before the army failed i at landing ; and in the courfc of the fiegc, 1/^:;. 1 , * We had ftill farther caufe of tlifiUlence, and dcjcilion ; for the hi and only acconuts wc have hitherto received from the caftward were by a vcJicl from Boflo:)> ami were by no means favourable ; Ihc left the fleet and army at Cape Breton, about the !.u;or end u» June. •♦ Halifax, lifl' '• HISTORICAL JOURNAL. '59 " Halifax, May the I2th. ** The O-anding orders of America are to be given to Amherfl's reqiment, to Anflruthcr's when they arrive, to the artillery, and to any detiichirients, that may be ordered from the fleet, when- ever they join tiie army. The regiments intended to fervc upon the expedition againlt Louilbourg, under the command of Major- CJeneral Amhcrfr, are "The ill, 15th, I'/tli, 22d, aSth, 35th, 40th, 45tli, 47th, 48th, jBtli, 2d and 3d battaUons of the 60th, and 78th of Iligh- landcis. " The Brigadiers-General are Whitmore, Lawrence, and Wolfe. " Lieutenant iLuxc Barre, of the 3 2d regiment, is appointed a Major of brigade to this army. *' As foon as the Commanding OfHcers have provided their corps with a fufficient quantity of necelfaries for the campaign ((hoes and ftockings in particular) they are to order the men's accounts to be maue up, and report it to the Commander in Chief, who will give diredions fur their being cleared. All Commanding Officers of corps are defired to be at the head quarters, at orderly time to-morrow, with reports in writing of their condition, of that of their arms, ammunition, and camp equipage ; and how their men are provided with ihoes, and what meafures are taken to procure what may yet be waiiting. The Commanders of the regiments already embarked arc to report, what nuniber of men the boats of their traiifports will conveniently contain. As the troops arc of different edablilhments, the duty is to be regu- lated in the molt exadt manner, having regard to their ftrength, and allowing to inch corps as have detachments not likely to join, for the numbciu detached. A body ot light infantry will be form- ed, from the different corps, to a^^ as nregulars ; the reriments, that have been any tune in America, are to fuiniili fuch as have '« been 1758. 5cp(cm- bcr. iu ■"'Hi -if! 'Mi m. •; i- 160 1758. Septem- ber. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ** been mofl accuftomed to the woods, and are good markfmen ; " and thofe from Europe are to furnifli adlive marchers, and men *' that are expert at firing ball; and all in general mud be alert, ** fpirited foldiers, able to endure fatigue. Some corps are to give ** a Lieutenant and forty men, others a Lieutenant and thirty men, ** except the Higlandors, who are to furnilli one hundred. — The *' rangers, and light infantry, appointed to a(fl as rangers, are to ** be commanded by Major Scott, till farther orders. A lift of the ** volunteers, in every corps, to be given in to-morrow at orderly *• time, diftinguilhing their time of fervice in their refpedlive t* corps. May 13: (C (( (i (« (( (( <( ti *t t* (« it 4< t( (( *t *t ** The companies of grenadiers are forthwith to be completed, and kept conftantly complete ; fuch grenadier companies as arc armed with light fwords are to take them into the field with them i but none of the battalion companies are to have fwords. Battalions will be furniflied with feventy rounds of frefh ammu- nition J the men are to make up their own cartridges, and muft be careful that they go eafily into their pieces, alfo to avoid too great a quantity of powder. The non-commiflioned Officers and foldiers are ordered to pay the Admiral and Captains of the royal navy the compliment of the hat, and, when on duty, to pay them that refpecft which is due to their rank. A detachment of one Captain, two Lieutenants, one Enfign, three Serje.ints, three Corporals and ofie hundred men, from the three additional companies of Highlanders, are to difcmbark, and join the ran- gers under the command of Major Scott. It is recommended to the Commanding Officers to cxercife their men, and prepare them, in the beft manner the time will permit, for the enkiing campaign j thofe on board are to be kept extremely clean in their (hips, carried frequently on fliore, and all poifible means ukd to preferve them in health and vigour." ♦• May M'A ,|ii HISTORICAL JOURNAL. «' May 14. ** One Captain, three Subalterns, two Drummers, and one hun- " dred men, with non-commiflioned in proportion, out of fuch of *• the third battalion of Royal Americans as are under articles of " capitulation, are to hold themfelves in readinefs to embark at a ** moment's warning to relieve the troops now doing duty at Lunen- ** berg. A Subaltern, two Serjeants, and thirty rank and file of ** the Highland additional companies, with fix days' provifions, to ** march to-morrow to fort Edward, to relieve the detachment ** there ; one Subaltern, one Serjeant, and twenty men of Capt. •' Goreham's rangers to guide that detachment through the woods, ** and to return with the relief; they are alfo to have fix days' pro- vifions. The regiments doing duty in garrifon are to leave here (at Halifax) one Captain, two Subalterns, four Serjeants, four Cor- porals, two Drummers, and one hundred men fit for duty." " May 16. *' Brigadier-Major Scott, being appointed to command the light troops, Lieutenant Dobfon, of General Lafcelles's regiment, is appointed Major of brigade, till farther orders. Such of the thirty-fifth regiment as are under articles of capitulation are to hold themfelves in readinefs to relieve the out-pofls of fort Sack- ville, Dartmouth, and the eaftern battery. See. The Command- ing Oriicers on board of the tranfports are to give in a return to the Admiral, as foon as poffible, of the {late of the provifions,. and water, on board their refpedtive iLips." « 161 1758. Septem- ber. -v.:;M !»., m 4 kUllg May *' May -7, " The light infantry are forthwith to exchange their heavy arms ** for thofe of the Artillery, and of the additional companies of " Colonel Frafer's Highlanders, that are to remain in Nova Scotia, " to the number of about 470 ; receipts are mutually to be taken " for the fame; and any lofs fuftained, on either part, is to be Vol. I. Y ** made nli ItUt \w 162 1758. Stptcm- btr. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. *' mads good, according to a price to be fixed. All the light in- •* fantry and rangers, under M.ijor Scott, to be rurnifhed iminc- " diately witii feventy rounds per man of ammunition ; which they *' are to demand from, and give receipts to Colonel Williamfon, the •' Commanding Officer of the Artillery; the army are likewife to ** be completed to fifty rounds, and three flints per man, except ** the Highlanders, who are to have feventy rounds." " May 18, ** Major Robertfon, of the Royal American regiment, is appointed by General Abercromby, Commander in Chief of his Majefty's forces in North-America, Deputy Quarter-Marter-General to this army. *• The following orders, given by General Abercromby, at New- York, April 20, 1758, are to be ftridly obeyed : ** When the troops are on board their tranfports, they are to be upon the fame allowance of provifions as laft year, according to the printed tables, viz. fix, to f mens' allowance, both Officers and men, which is two thirds allowance in the navy. After they difembark, the mrr* io have their full allowance, according to the Contrador's agreement ; but all Officers, whatever, from the day of their regiments' embarkation, or taking the field, until the day of entering into winter quarters, are to have only one ration per day. And the order of the 26th of November laft, for the allowance given in lieu of provifions, to ceafe upon embarkation of the regiments or companies. ** Mr. Robert Porter is appointed Deputy-Paymafter to the ex- pedition." " May 20. *• The barracks, evacuated by the 45th regiment, being prepared as an hofpital for the reception of the fick that are unable to pro- ceed on the expedition j every corps is forthwith to fend their fick to that hofp'tal, where the Deputy-Diredor will receive *« them. <( «( <( f< <( «( (< (( << ft <( i( H 'Ih C( it (t K <( (( (( (( (( (( <( (( <( (( (( HISTORICAL JOURNAL. them. Major Morris, of the 35th regiment, is appointed to do duty at Halifax." *' May 22. " Experience having difcovered, that ginger and fugar, mixed with the water of America, prevent the ill efFeds of it, and preferve the men from fevers and fluxes better than any thing elfe, yet found out ; Brigader-General Lawrence does, therefore, in the ilrongefl: manner recommend the ufe of this difcovery to the troops. — Any of the volunteers that chufe to ferve with the light troops, until the trenches are opened, are at liberty to do it, taking care to be provided with a cloak, a blanket, and a good quantity of ammunition." *' M;iy 2j. ** One hundred pioneers are to be fent forthwith on bo;^.rd the Reftoration tranfport, where a fpade and pickax for each man will be fent by the Commanding Oflicer of the Artillery, wlio is alfo to fend on board the faid fliip two light pieces of cannon, with the ncccfllry ammunitiv^n, and a proportionable detachment from the Artillery. The Commanding Officer of the Artillery is to receive into his ftores, from Colonel MefTervey, 500 pick- axes, 300 felling-axes, together with the crofs-cut faws that were provided by direction of the Earl of Loudoun, and lince ordered for the fervice of this, expedition by Major-General Aber- cromby. •' Nets, lines, hooks, and other fifliing tackling, are put on board the iloop York, for the fervice of the troops, and will be delivered, when wanted, for that purpofe. " The regiments to be employed upon the prefent expedition are put into brigades, in the following manner : ** Firft brigade commanded by Colonel . ** ift, 47th, 2d battalion of the 60th, and 28th. ** Second brigade commanded by Colonel Murray. ** 15th, 35th, 40th, and 78th. Y 2 «' Third 163 1758. Septem- ber. I f i) P* I sis ■ ■:■! A ''' : i| f ; >.'■ ti't 1 t: i«i' J..I If ■ ?■ PSpfli'lf 'li .J l-'f 164 1758. Septcm- bLT. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ** Third brigade commanded by Colonel Burton. ** 17th, 58th, and 48th. " Fourth brigade commanded by Colonel Wilmott. ** 45th, 3d battalion of the 60th, and 22d. ♦* The firft and third brigades compolc the right wing of the ** army : tlie lecond and fourth compofe the left wing." The reader will be pleafed to obfervc, tliat thcfe arc only ex- tracts of the moft: material orders, publilhed at Halifax by the Brigadiers Whitmore and Lawrence, preparatory to the expedition; thofe that I have omitted related moftly to the duty of the place, the embarking of the troops, and the frequent difembarking of them, by brigades, for exercife, and for the prefervation of the health of the men j upon the whole, by thofe which I have not thought necelIary''to infert, it appears, that every meafure was taken by the three Brigadiers, and the Field-Oflicers of corps, to render the army as expert, for any kind of fervice, as prudence and ex- perience could di(ftate, or human forefight could require. Admiral Bofcawen feems alfo, by his diredions, to have made every necelTiu-y difpofition for the accommodation of the troops when afloat, and, in fliort, had ordered and conduced every thing in his department, with that zeal and activity fo peculiarly cha- rafterillic of a good Officer. The fleet and army failed from Halifax on the 28th, and had tlie happinefs to meet the Dublin ofl^ the harbour, on board of whom was General Amherfi:, Commander in Chief of the expedition j after their arrival in Gabarus bay, his Excellency publiflied the following orders from on board the Naniar, being the Admiral's own fhip : «« June 3, 1758. *' The army is to land and attack the French in three diifv-rent " bodies, and at three different places. All me grenadiers and de- ** tachments of the right wing land upon the right, in the bay, *♦ within HISTORICAL JOURNAL. *' within the White Point. The detachments of the left wing ** land in two little bays, about a mile and an half to the left of ** the White Point. The light infantry, irregulars, and High- *•' landers are to land in the frefli water Cove, in order to take *' the enemy in flank and rear, and cut fume of them off from ** the town. Men of war are ordered to each of thefe places, to ** fcour the coaft, r.nd prote(^l the troops at their landing. The •' grenadiers are to be drawn uj), as they lie in their brigades, *' upon the right of the right attack, and to rendezvous ir a line ** behind a boat with a red flag, in which Brigadier Wolfe will ** be. The detachments of the right wing are to affemble in a ** line, as they are in their brigades, behind a boat with a white *' flag, v/here Brigadier Whitmore will be. The detachments of ** the left wing are to rendezvous in the fame manner, behind a ** boat with a blue flag, where Brigadier-General Lawrence will ** command. The Highlanders, light infiintry, and irregulars are *' to rendezvous to the right of the ifland, lying before the frefh •* v/atcr Cove, and to be ready to row into the Cove, when the •* fignal is given j the fignal to row on fliore will be three guns ** from the Sutherland, repeated by the Admiral. Although the " HJwhlanJers, light infantry, and irregulars are a feparate attack *' upon the left, yet, when they land, they are to confider them- ** felves as a part of the left wing, and immediately under the •* command of Brigadier-General Lawrence. *• Field-Officers for the right attack, for the grenadiers, — Colonel " Murray, Lieutenant-Colonel Fletcher, Majors Farquar and *' Murray. " Detachment of the right wing, Colonel Burton, Colonel Fofler, " Majors Prevoil and Derby.. *• Field-Officers of the center attack, or detachments of the left ** wing. Colonel Wilmott, Lieutenant-Colonel Handfield, Majors -* Hamilton and Hufley. All 165 1758. Septem- ber. ;t» 11 .-'■; r ,< .ill > rt] I ■A [%^ 1 fi?. (( ■ r^ ■ '«if ■1 (" i66 »758. Septem- ber. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. " All the remaining Field- Officers of the army are to come on ** fliore with the fecond dilembarkation ; as Bragg's regiment is ** to be detached for a particular duty, they are not to furnifh grc- ** nadiers for the right attack, and the whole Highland regiment ** is to be employed, with the light infantry and irregulars, upon " the left. *• Captain Amherft and Captain D'Arcy are appointed to adl as ** Aids-dc-Camp to Major- General Amherft. Lieutenant Tonge, of ** General Warburton's regiment, is to attend (as Engineer) on the •* Deputy Quartcr-Maftcr-Gcneral, on the landing of the troops. ** Colonel Frafer's company of grenadiers, in the Princefs Ame- '• lia's boat, will row to join their own regiment. *• The fignal to prepare to land : — A red flag, with a blue crofs ** at the foretopmaft-head of the Sutherland, and to be repeated by ** the Namur." «« Namur, June 4. '* As the furf is fo great, that the difpofition for landing in three *' divisions cannot take place, and as the men of war cannot be '• carried near enough to the Ihore of the bay, within the White " Point, to cover the landing there : the General (not to lofe a " moment's time) has thought proper to order, that an attack be " made upon the little intrenchments within tlic frcfli water '* Cove, with four companies of grenadiers, followed by the light " infantry and irregulars, who are to be fupported by the High- *' land regiment, and thofe by the remaining eight companies of *' grenadiers, that no body of men, regular or irregular, may dare " to ftand a monicnt before them : thefe dci-ichments are to be ♦' commaaded by Brigadier-General Wolfe. The detachments of *' the left wing, under Brigadier-General Lawrence, are to draw ** up, as was before ordered, behind the frigates of the center at- ** tack, in readinefs, if the weather permits, to inn a-fliore upon ** the oppofitc beach ; or, if not, to follow the grenadiers, when «' it r\T'-' it (I * As the grenadiers will now alTemble towards the left inftead of the right, the Captains mufl: be attentive to the red flag in Brigadier Wolfe's boat, which is to be the center of their line, and range themfelvcs accordingly. The detachments of the right wing muft have the fame attention to Brigadier-General Whitmore's flag, and thofe of the left wing to Brigadier Law- rence's flag, and the whole to aflTemblc at their difix'rent pofts, immediately after the fignal is made to prepare to land. The four oldeft companies of grenadiers are to attack firfl: ; the Royal and Forbcs's, under the command of Lieutenant - Colonel Fletcher, in the little bay upon the right; Amherft's and Whit- more's, under the command of Major Murray, in another little bay upon the left. The Field- Oflicers and Captains of thefc four companies of grenadiers will receive their particular inflrucflions from Brigadier Wolfe. After the grenadiers are landed, and have taken poft along the intrenchment, the light infantry are to land, pufh forward into the wood, and force the enemy's irregulars to retire. *• June 6, twelve o'clock. •* The troops are to return on board their tranfports, as the furf on the fliore is fo great, that the Admiral thinks they cannot be difembarked with any kind of fafety." " Namur, June 7. " If the furf fhould be fo great, that the troops cannot land this afternoon, the General intends to attack the enemy to-mor- row at thf. dawn of day, unlefs the weather is fo bud as to make ♦* it 167 .758. bcptem- bcr. % '^m 4' 1^ r) '■ Jii; i68 S'758. cptem- ber. (( <( ti €* *l *( *( €t <( it tt *( tt tt t* tt tt tt tt tt tt < ( <( <( (( HISTORICAL JOURNAL. it impradicable. The boats are to afTemblc in three divifions as before ; the right wing at the Violet tranfport, where there will be three lights hung on the off fide, near the water's edge ; the left wing at the St. George tranfport, with two lights hung in the fame manner ; and the rendezvous of the grenadiers, 6cc. will be at the Neptune tranfport, where a lingle light will be hung out. As the General's intentions are to furprife the enemy, as well as attack them, he depends upon the care and vigilance of the Otlicers commanding in the tranfports, that his orders be ftridlly complied with. ** The troops are to be in their boats by two o'clock exadly. No lights are to be fliewn in any of the tranfports, except the fignals above-mentioned, after twelve o'clock at night, and there muft be a profound filencc throughout the whole army, and, above all things, the firing of even a finglc muflvet muft be avoided. The men of war's boats will be fent to their refpedlive tranfports, by one in the morning. ** The General is futiiciently convinced of the good difpofition of the troops, by what he has already feen ; he defires they will not halloo, or cry out at landing, but be attentive to the com- mands of their Officers, by which they can never be put into any confufion, or fail of fuccefs -, their Officers will lead them diredly to the enemy. ** If the Admiral and General fliould think proper to alarm the enemy in the beginning of the night, the troops are to take no manner of notice of it, but prepare rliemfclves to obey their or- ders, with great exaftnefs, at the appointed time, and fo as to be ready to row off, from the three places of rendezvous, a little before day-light." The enemy's coaft was one continued chain of pofts, from cape Noir to the flat point j fome works were thrown up, and batteries created at the moft acceffible places ; all the cover from thefe in- trenchments ■ri: HISTORICAL JOURNAL. trenchments to the bottom of tlie bay, was full of irregulars. From the 2d inftant (which was the day the fleet came to an an- chor) to the 7th inclufive, they were reinforcing their pods, ftrengthening their works, cannonading and bombarding our fliips, and making every preparation in their power to oppofe the landing. The enemy* at firft, behaved with great fteadinefs, referving their fire until the boats were near in fhore, and then poured in upon them with all their cannon and mufquetryj they were commanded by Monfieur Colonel St. Julien. At the landing, two Captains, two Lieutenants, and fcventy French grenadiers were made pri- foners j and the General reaped fome advantage by the garrifon's cannonading our troops in their purfuit, as they thereby pointed cut to him the diflance whereby he could incamp his army with fafefy from the range of their artillery. As thefe particulars are not mentioned in the fubfequent account of the landing of our troops, and of their operations in the courfe of the fiege, I thought it neceflary to introduce them here, in or- der to render the work relative to that important conqueft more complete. Camp before Louifbourg, June 8. The army having gallantly pofTefled themfelvcs of the illand of Cape Breton, his Excellency General Amherft iflued the following orders : (N. B. Parole, King George.) " A Colonel, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Major for picquct. The ** piquets are to lie out all night, and to be ported by the Field- " Officers, partly in the front, but chiefly in the rear of tlie camp ; " and then all the out-pofts to be called in, except the detach- •' ment at the Cove, with Colonel Burton." " June 9. ** All French prifoners are to be brought to Major-General " Amherft, in the rear of the center of the army. All the tools. Vol. I. Z " that 169 ,»7S8. Septem- ber. ),t?^! i't] '* Hi ,1 ».i» 'I IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) M // ^/ A % V] <^ A ^^ ' JV > M '/ 1.0 1.1 ■^ 1^ III 2.2 ^ i£ IIIIIM 1.8 6" Photographic Sciences Corporation L25 IIIIII.4 IIIIII.6 #» ■ ii i' ? v1 1758. Septem- ber. tt tt €t €t tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt kit tinue. A Field-Officer to attend early to-morrow morning at the landing of the artillery, provifions, &c. to aflift, with the Captain of the man of war, in bringing the things on fhore, and preventing any confufion. A Captain, two Subalterns, and fixty men, to parade by the rear of the 2 2d regiment, at fix o'clock, to relieve the guard at the landing-place ; the Captaii; will re- ceive his orders from the Field-Officer at that place." (After orders, feven o'clock.) ** The Major of the picquets of this night to march with the fame number as Major Clephane did laft night, to efcort one hundred and fifty pioneers (who will be aflembled at the head of the Royal at retreat-beating) to the hill by the water-fide, half a mile in the front of the Royal, where Major M'Kellar will diredt the work ; the Major will remain with his picquets, and cover the workmen till it is finifhed ; he will then leave a Captain, Lieutenant, and Enfign, with non-commiflioncd Officers in proportion, and fifty men in the redoubt, with orders to defend the fame againft any number of the enemy that may advance, till he is relieved ; and will efcort the pioneers back to the camp, who are immediately to deliver in their tools to the Artillery. Each regiment to fend to the Artillery, at five o'clock to-morrow morning, for twenty pickaxes and ten (hovels, to make a communication along the line, as (hall be direfted by the Quarter-Mafter-General, or his Affiftant. A Subaltern to be fent by Webb's, and one by Lawrence's, to overfee the one hun- dred and fifty pioneers j Whitmore's and Otway's give the Cap- tains for the two brigade picquets. One hundred and fifty pio- neers from the right brigade ; a Serjeant and thirty men from each regiment, a Subaltern from the 48th, and one from the 3d battalion of the 60th, to overfee the pioneers." " June HISTORICAL JOURNAL. « June 13. ** Admiral Bofcawen has ordered, that the detachments on board " the fleet, belonging to the regiments in camp, ihall land and *« join their corps, as foon as pollible. The Officers commanding «* regiments may front their quarter-guards outward, or to the ** battalion, as they judge bell from the fituation of the ground. ♦• Two Subaltern Officers, and one hundred and fifty pioneers, with ** non-commiflioned Officers in proportion, to affemble in the front •* of the Royal, precifely at fix this evening, to follow the direc- ** tions of Lieutenant — — , Engineer, with one hundred pickaxes *• and fifty (hovels. Two Subaltern Officers, &c. (as before) to '* aflemble in the front of the train, to have one hundred and twenty *« pickaxes, and thirty Ihovels, and to be under the direction of " Lieutenant , Engineer. One Subaltern Officer, and one ** hundred pioneers, with non-commiffioncd, 6cc. to aflemble like- *• wife in the front of the train, to have fifty pickaxes and fifty " fhovels, and to obferve the diredions of Lieutenant , Engi- •• neer. The picquets of the ill and 3d brigades are to cover the pioneers in making the redoubts; thofe of the ill, 46th, and * 48th regiments, to march with one hundred and fifty pioneers from the front of the Royal; the picquets of the 17th, 22d, and 47th, to march with one hundred and fifty pioneers, that will " aflemble in the front of the train; thofe of the 35th and 2d ** battalion of Royal Americans to march with the hundred pio- " neers, ordered likewife in the front of the train. The pioneers ** to afl^emble precifely at fix o'clock this evening ; the picquets to " march as foon as formed after retreat-beating. As the redoubts " will be near, if not quite, finiflied by day-light, the Colonel will " poll a picquet in each redoubt, and as many as he may think " neceflary to fuflain them, with an order to defend the redoubts ** againfl any part of the enemy that may advance. The Colonel ** will order back ihe remainder of thefe picquets, with the pio- '* neers, to camp, who are immediately to deliver their tools to the " Artillery. ^75 1758. Stptein- ber. (( <( (( ■i^i:!" m ■ V ■mi :' 'tM ■ '^'M m .:^!! ■ '3' 3' , 1 r '^'' m l-!i 1 ! ■ \i 3 rl 176 1758. Septem- ber. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. *' Artillery. The picquet of the 3d battalion of Royal Americans, " not mentioned in the foregoing order, is to be included with ** the picquets that maich from the right. Two Subaltern Officers, ** with one hundred able-bodied men, and non-commifiioned ** Officers in proportion, to parade in the rear of the 2 2d regi- ** ment, at four o'clock to-morrow morning, to work at tl'c Cove." " June 14. ** When the picquets of the line are formed, two picquets of the right brigade, to be polled to-night at the redoubt, in the front of the right, near the White Point : two picquets of the center brigade, at the redoubt on the hill, in their front, where the three picquets marched to lafl night : two picquets of the left brigade in their front, where the two picquets marched to lafl night, to relieve the picquets as they were poile.i by Colonel Murray, who will return to camp. The arms to be all put in the beft order. A return from each regiment and company of the effedtive numbers for which they will receive rations. Officers and four women per company included, to be given in to mor- row at orderly time. A good communication to be made from the different brigades for the picquets to relieve the redoubts." (After orders, eight o'clock.) ** One picquet of the left brigade, and one of the center bri- gade, to march immediately to the redoubts in the front of their refpedlive brigades, and join the picquets that marched this evening." (Second after orders, nine o'clock.) *• Four Subalteri: , with non-commiffioned Officers in propor- tion, and two hundred men of the right and center brigades, to parade to-morrow morning, at five o'clock precifely, in the front of Whitmore's, to affill in landing and taking care of the provi- fions at the Cove; the men of this detachment to turn their coats, when they work." ** June M «< «( (( <( (( (( €t tt «( t€ tt i« << (( tt H t( It .; ' <( (« <( (( t( i* tt <( n tt t( tt tt I* tt tt tt tt tt t( tt tt tt tt tt tt ft tt .;< HISTORICAL JOURNAL. " June 15. ** Two picquets from each brigade to advance to-night, thofc of the right brigade to the redoubt on the right, under the com- mand of Colonel Wilmott. — Two picquets of the left brigade to advance to the redoubts on the left, under the command of Ma- jor Prevofl. — Two picquets of the center brigade to advance to the redoubt in the center, to be conmianded by the eldefl Cap- tain of the picquets.— Whenever a Drummer may be fent from the town of Louifbourg, he (hall be flopped by the firft centries of whatever advanced port he may come to, and the OHicer commanding at that port: will fend the letter or letters to the General, keeping the Drummer fo that he cannot fee any of our works, or the camp, till the anfwer from the General is returned. If the Governor Ihould fend an Officer with a letter, who may fay he is ordered to deliver his difpatches to the Gene- ral himfelf, and will not give them to any one elfe, he will not, on any account whatfoever, be permitted to advance through any of our pofts, but fhall be kept till he delivers his difpatches, and remain there for an anfwer ; or, if he perfifts in not fending them, he fliall be kept at the out-pofts, where he cannot fee our works or camp, and the Officer commanding the pofl to fend' a report of it to the General. ** A market to be eflabliffied at the center of the line, in the rear of the 47th and 2d battalion of the Royal Americans : no provifions, or liquors of any kind, '! ;M be permitted to be fold at any place but the fixed market. If . ^y regiments, by accident, are in want of provifions, though the two days* provifions when the regiments landed, and the fix days they received fince, are for this day inclufively, they muft fend to the landing-place to re- ceive what they want immediately, giving receipts for it to Mr. Goldthrap, agent-vidtualler, till the covering is made for laying in the magazines ; and the quantity mud hereafter be accounted Vol. I. A a " for ^77 1758. Septem- ber. '■W\ ? 1 • 111 ^■% ft: I „ ') ill / 5.1 J I ft ':'i i 178 l)cr. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. *' for l)y the regiments. All OiHccrs who make reports of any '* motions of the enemy to the General, the Brigadier-General of '• the day, or any other fuperior Officer, are defired to make it in ** writing, if poflible ; particularly what they fee themfelves, and " fpecifying any thing they report of what others may have feea *• and reported to them. A detachment of a Field-Officer, three *' Captains, eight Subalterns, with non-eommiffioned in propor- *• tion, and three hundred men, to parade to-morrow morning at ** eight o'clock, in the rear of the 47th regiment, to have four ** days' provifions with them ; they are to take pofl: on this fide " of the Cove, where Major Farquhar's detachment is, who will *• march his party back to camp j Major Dalling for this duty. A *• Lieutenant and thirty men, of th-* 28th regiment, to join the " light infantry under Major Scott. One Serjeant, one Corporal, ** and fixteen men to mount as a guard on the Commander in ** Chief J this guard to begin with the Royal, remain forty-eight " hours, and the regiments to do it by feniority. Eight Subal- ** terns, non-commiffioned in proportion, with four hundred men, ** to work at the different Coves, on the right of the Royal ; '• thefe men to turn their coats." " June 1 6k A Serjeant, Corporal, and feventy-eight men to parade to-mor- row morning at eight o'clock, as an Artillery-guard, will re- main forty-eight hours, and receive their orders from Colonel Williamfon of that corps. No foldiers are to be fuffered to Araggle beyond the redoubts in the front, or the out-pofls on the left and rear of the camp. One Captain, three Subalterns, &c. and two hundred men, to parade, to-morrow at four o'clock, for work at the Cove. The 28th, 40th, and 78th regiments to complete their ammunition immediately to fifty rounds per man, for which they are to apply to Colonel Williamfon." (After (( it i( it tt It tt tt *t tt kM « << <( « <( (( << (( tt ** t( tt ■!■! Ill : ? :■. 1758. Septem- ber. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. " mediately to Brigadier Lawrence, who has orders to fupport them, *• if neceflary. The army not to be alarmed at the firing they may *' hear this night at the town and harbour. No Ollicer or foldicr, *' except thofe on duty, to be abfcnt from their rcfpedive rcgi- " ments, that the whole may be ready to turn out, in cafe they " fliould be ordered. The Officers commanding regiments are order- ** ed to put only fuch guards in the flceches in their rear, as to fecure ** them efFedually from any lurking fcoundrels creeping in, and *« firing at the camp. The road party of four hundred men» &c. ** for to-morrow, agreeable to yefterday's orders." " June at. ** A working party of one Captain, two Subalterns, &c. and one hundred and fifty men of the line, to parade at retreat-beat- ing this night in the front of the Artillery, where they will re- ceive tools, and an Engineer will be there to conduct them, and dired the work. This party is to be relieved^ to-morrow morn- ing at eight o'clock, by the like number of men, who will parade at feven, &c. &c. Three picquets of the ift and 3d brigades to march to-night, and cover thefe workmen in making the re- doubt, on the road that is making for the Artillery j the Colonels of the picquets will poft them properly : there will be a party of light infanty, or rangers, pofted towards the town." <( «t tt tt it « «( (( *t it m *t June ber> " Relief of the trenches. Brigadier-General Whitmore. Brigadier-General Lawrence. Brigadier-General Wolfe. Firft relief rRoyal I Amherft ■< Hopfon I Otway [Laicelles.' Companies of rRoyal grenadiers \ Amherfl for this re- 1 Forbes lief LMonckton* r Whitmore Second relief 4 ^g|^ iFrafer. Grenadiers forj^^?"'"' tUsreUef |p4^_ fForbes {Monckton Anftruther Warburton Lawrence. Grenadiers fori . f ° ^u this relief ^Anftruther (^Lawrence. }):fd -$ ' !-iM f .1- ■Ml ■- ..ii > 'fiii . ■ ■ ■ I. . mi IN i'. Sc))tcm- bcr. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. " more moderate; the frigates at the fame time edged in fliorc, to ** attack the enemy*s intrenchments, and to cover the landing. " After the (hips had been fome time engaged, a lignal was mailc " for the troops to put off, and they rowed up and down, making *' feints, as if intending to land in different places, a.id thereby *' divert the enemy's attention from any one particular part of their *• coafl: : this in a great meafurc anfwered our wiflies, and Brigader *• Wolfe (whofe flag-ftaff was broke by a fwivel /hot) puflied a(hore, *' with his detachment, under a furious fire, and landed upon the " left of the enemy's works, then brifkly engaged, and routed " them; the remainder of the army followed the example without ** lofs of time, landing almoft: up to their waifts in water. The ** ardour of the troops, in this enterprife. Is not to be conceived «* nor parallelled j many boats were deftroyed, and feveral brave ** fellows drowned : yet our whole lofs at landing, I am well aflured, " did not exceed one hundred and ten men, of all ranks, killed, " wounded, and drowned. The enemy fled with great precipita- ** tion, and Brigadier Wolfe purfued them almoft to the gates of ** the town, with the light infantry, rangers, Frafer's Highlanders, ** and the grenadiers of the ift, 15th, 17th, and 2 2d regiments, I can only account for the unfoldier-like behaviour of the enemy on this occafion, by their apprehenfions, perhaps, of being cut ** off from the garrifon by fome or other of the divifions, whom ** they fufpedted would land elfewhere for that purpofe ; and of ** being thereby hemmed in between two fires : they were very well " intrenched in a circular form round the Cove, were numerous, ** and had many pieces of ordnance mounted, from twenty-four ** pounders downwards, with fome mortars, &c. which were all *' well ferved. Thefe, as you may fuppofe, with their int^enc^ing ** tools, ftores, ammunition, and fome provifions, fell into our hands; *' they had fome Indians among them, for we found the corpfe of ** one of their Chiefs, a flout fellow, with uncommon large limbs " and t$ (I ;..il (( €t <( H <( it << «( <( (( <( (( (( (I <( fi •■ b 196 J 758. Septem- ber. ! ii << <( «c K i( (C (( cc ** tt C( «( «c ''if' Hi ' ?.' i\ » Aliil • ! 'f tl! f' 198 1758. Septem- ber. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. " A lift of the killed and wounded at the fiege of Louisbourg. " Colonels - - " Captains - - " Lieutenants - " Enfigns — - *' Serjeants - - " Corporals - - ** Privates - - *' Drummers - - Total K. 2 8 2 3 8 149 W. I 4 16 3 4 5 320 2 N. B. Of the Royal Artillery one Gunner and three Mattrofles killed, and one Corporal, Gunner, and three Mattrofles wounded ; which with the Rangers are alfo included. Total killed and wounded, 526." 172 354 The Officer, who favoured me with the foregoing journal, could not fend me the particulars of the capitulation, thefe matters not being ufually made known to the army in form j however our Com- manding Officer has inabled me to fupply that defe(5t by the fol- lowing authentic particulars from the Agent at Bofton, who fays he copied them from the accounts tranfmitted by his Excellency Gover- nor Lawrence, Brigadier-General on that expedition, to his Excel- lency Governor Pownal. Articles of capitulation between their Excellencies Admiral Bof- cawen, Major-General Amherft, and his Excellency Monfieur Drucour, Knight of the order of St, Louis, Governor of the royal iiland of Louifbourg, of the ifland of St. John, and their dependencies, &c. &c. &c. Article L The garrifon of Louifbourg fhall be prifoners of war, and (hall be tranfported to England in his Britannic Majefty's Hups. Article II. — — The whole of the artillery, warlike flores, and provilions, as well as arms of all kinds, which are at prefent in the town of Louifbourg, Ifle Royal, and ifland of St. John, and their de- l^ndencies, fliall be delivered, without the leaft wafte, to the Com- miflarles M Mm HISTORICAL JOURNAL. miflaries which (hall be appdinted to receive them, for the ufc of his Britannic Majefty. Article III. The Governor ftiall give orders that the troops, which are on the ifland of St. John, and its dependencies, fliall repair on board fuch fliip of war, as- the Admiral (hall fend to receive them. Article IV. The Porte Dauphine fhall be delivered up to his Britannic Majefty's troops at eight o'clock to-morrow morning, and the garriibn, comprehending all thofe who have carried arms, fhall he drawn up at noon upon the Efplanade, and lay down their arms, colours, implements, and ornaments of war : and the garrifon {hall be embarked to be fcnt to England in a convenient time. Artick V. The iame care (hall be taken of the fick and wounded which are in the hoipitals, as thofe of his Britannic Ma- jefty. Article VI. The merchants and their clerks, who have not ucrne arms, fhall be tranfinitted to France in fuch manner as the Ad- miral fhall judge proper. Done at Louifbourg the 26th of July, 1758. Signed — De Drucouii. A return of the flate of the garrifon when it furrendered, &c. 199 1758. beptcm- ber. Regiment D'Artois - de Bourgogne — — ■' de Cambife — ►— Volontaires Etrangers — — Twenty-four companies of Marines, 1 and two of Artillery Inhabitants of both fcxes Seamen, &c. &c. 466 414 608 526 1017 4000 2606 Total 9637 Among whom there are about 350 Officers of all ranks, in- cluding naval and military. A return m m '■ ; if I 'mm ^•■(■< mw ma m -4* '!:ii ■ i*! !*' i ; I 4i 200 17S8. Septem- ber, HISTORICAL JOURNAL. A return of the artillery, ammunition, and ftores, which fell into our hands upon the furrender of Louiibourg : 1 1 (lands of colours. 220 drums. 222 pieces of cannon. 6 iron thirteen inch mortars, 2 with iron beds. 2 brafs thirteen inch mortars. 3 ten-inch mortars. 4 royals. 200 fpare carriages. 15000 (lands of arms. 4000 (hells. 14000 (hot. 200 boxes of fmall (hot. 5000 barrels of powder. 1 0000 barrels of flour. 5000 barrels of beef and pork. An account of the lofs fuftained by the French navy at Louiibourg. La Prudent - L'Entreprennant Le Capricieux - Le Celebre - Le Bienfaifant - L'Echo - - The Diana The Apollo - The Fidele - The Chevre - La Biche - - 74 Gunsi II fBurnt. 64 J 64 ■> 26 vTaken. 36 3 50 22 22 18 I Were funk by the enemy in j- the harbour (as were alfo J four large merchantmen. Eleven Sail. 514 Guns. W' 7ih. This morning, at five o'clock, I commanded a large detachment to the forefls S. S. E. of our garrifon, in order to cut down wood for a J'eu de joie ; a parcel of carts belonging to the town's-people (which had never made their appearance fince the arrival of our regiment, being carefully houfed up) were fent out on this occafion, attended by their refpedlive proprietors. Having difcovered the re- mains of a fire dill burning, we concluded fome of the rabble had been fculking there j and, to prevent a furprife, the detachment was fubdivided, HISTORICAL JOURNAL. fubdivided, and marched by two diftindt roads into the woods, in order to fcour the country j we did not proceed above a mile, when, making no farther difcovery, the whole rejoined, and marched back to our ground, where, after having ported the proper centinels, with a Serjeant and twelve men advanced a little way, — to defeat any at- tempt by thefe gens de boisy we fet to work, and, in the fpace of a few hours, loaded thirty carts with timber and under-wood. We fet fire to the forefl in feven different places, and returned to the fort : had there been any wind abroad, thefe fires would probably have cleared a large tradl of ground, which was our defire ; but they died away before the evening. At noon the garrifon marched out to the covered way : thirty-five guns were difcharged from the ramparts, anfwered by twenty-one fwivels from each of the blockhoufes, and by three vollies from the troops. This evening the New-England ar- tificers raifed a large pile of the wood that was cut and drawn to the fort in the morning, and in the center of it eredted two marts to the height of fixty feet, on the tops of which they fixed a barrel of pitch : at night-fall a rocket was thrown up as a fignal for fome fire-works to be played off, that had been prepared by the Gunners ; and for lighting the pile, &c. which was done amidrt the joyful acclamations of the troops and town's people of all ages and both fexes. One fhilling per man was advanced to the foldiers, and the Officers, with other Gen- tlemen, repaired to the Commandant's quarters, where an entertain- ment was provided for them, as elegant as the place would admit of; his Majefty's health was drank with three cheers, and a difcharge of twenty-one guns : all the barracks and town were illuminated, and the night was concluded with great fertivity and general good humour. John Davis and his papers underwent a farther examination to-day : the Fort-Major and others appeared in behalf of the prifoner, and gave him an excellent charadler. It appeared, that, during the many j ears he has been fettled here, he has often attended detachments marching out againft the enemy in the capacity of a volunteer guide, and that Vol. I. ' D d he 1 iiTT^i 2QI 1758. Scptem- bc. . 1!. ■ . ,■■ I lOth. 202 1758. Septem- ber. j6tlv. n^. •y- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. he always Teemed to have his Majefty's fervice at heart : he confe/Ted that his brother-in-law Johnfton did once come here in the night, about ten months ago ; that, feeing him unarmed, he afked him if he came to furrender ; that, receiving a negative anfwer, he threatened to feize and deliver him to the garrifon } and faid, he would adlually have done it, if his wife, who was then ill, had not leaped out of bed, and implored prote from two forts of the fame name, at a fmall diftance from each other; the one being on the river Ohio, and the other upon a branch of it. Laft night, about ten o'clock, we had an uncommon fall of rain, and, an hour after, it was followed by the moft dreadful ftorm that ever was known in this country, with the wind at weft ; it did confiderable damage here, fuch as breaking down dikes and fences, tearing up efpaliers and other trees in the gardens, ftaving boats and canoes, befides ftripping our barracks and the two blockhoufes : the tide rofe above thirty feet higher than ufual, and a floop from New- York, that lay at anchor clofe to the wharf, was dragged from thence to the upper end of the town, ftaved the hull of an old floop that lay by the fide of the road or ftreet, beat down feveral inclo- fures, drove againft a Merchant's ftorehoufe, which thereby re- 209 1758. Odlobcr. iSth. iSih. I 0- ' I' i Vol. L E ceived I fly , ■% 1 ei'ifQ lU.] ZIO 1758. October. 22(1. 2Sth. / 27th. V iS'h. /■' HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ceived great prejudice ; and with her bowfprit almoft itrlpped his dwelling-houfe adjoininry, and there fixed herfelf. This being the day of his Majefty's happy coronation, the fame was duly obferved : after the firing, all the men off duty, together with the artificers and town's-people, went up to the New- York Hoop, and in vain endeavoured to launch her. We had a fall of fnow laft night, which to-day is above our ancles; the winter fets in earlier and with a greater profpedt of rigour, than it did laft yearj the inhabitants are unanimous in their opinion, that our laft was a remarkable mild one, for this climate. A floop ts returned from fort Frederl': ; the Mafter of her affures us, that the Cape Sable detachment have been very fuccefsful ; that they furprifed one hundred men, women, and children, whom they made prifoners j burned and deftroyed all their fettlements, and fent their captives to Halifax, to be tranfmitted from thence to Europe. With inconceivable pleafure we now behold the fituation of affairs moft happily changed, in this province, by the glorious fuccefs of his Majefty's arms at Louifbourg : the wretched inhabitants of this country, as well French, as the Aborigines, are now paying dear for all their inhuman and barbarous treatment of Britilh fubjedts, und feeling the juft weight of our refcntment. A few nights ago, as the Ulyffes floop of war was going over the Falls on St. John's river above fort Frederic, fhe ftruck and in- llantly funk -, there were not any lives loft j moft of the cafks and many other articles (military ftores excepted) floated towards the fliore, and have been fince recovered. Brigadier Monckton, and the forces are gone up the river from Fort Frederic ; this intelligence is received by a brig from thence, who was difpatched here for proviflons, iron work, a forge and bellows, &c. &c. and alfo for fomc Smiths and Carpenters.^ Troops that are confined to the retired forts in this country lead a very infipid, difagree- [.±Mm KIS'^ HISTORICAL JOURNAL. difagreeable kind of life; foldiers are naturally fond of variety and aftivity ; the want of a good colledlion of books * is a very fenfible lofs to the Officers, and the conftant famcnefs in all we hear and fee is tirefome, one day being the dull duplicate of an- other. — This fituation of affairs has induced the Officers of thi^ garrifon to addrefs Major Elliot, by letter, requefting him to tranf- mit our fentiments to Colonel James, and to intreat he will apply to the Commander in Chief, without lofs of time, in the name of the whole corps, that the 43d regiment may be employed witii the army in the enfuing campaign. This has produced a difcovery of a circum (lance, which has been hitherto preferved with great fecrecy, viz. that the whole regiment will meet at fort Cumber- land by the latter end of this month, until which time, our ap- plication may be poftponed. Moderate weather to-day. A party of men, with feveral Of- ficers, went to the orchards, fcourcd the country, for feveral miles, without making the leafl difcovery, and returned to the fort about two o'clock in the afternoon, loaded with apples. We have variety of weather, and very cold for the feafon j this day was celebrated, as, 1 hope, it always will be, by every true Briton, and fmcere friend to his country and the prefent govern- ment. We have at length, after incredible difficulty, launched the New- York floop with very little damage. * Upon a revifal of this work, I find I have clieuhcrc mentioned our great lofs in this particular, and I think. I ought now to account for it : — When \vc left Europe in 1757, the general prevailing opinion was, that the reduction of Cape Breton would put a final period to the war in America; that Louifbourg would be garrifoned bv Ncw-Kngland troops, and that the army would return to Great Britain, to be employed on other fer- vices; thefe political fentiments, how (hallow foever tiiey may appear, were frequently imprefTed upon us by people of high rank and authoiity, who ought to have known bet- ter: and to them only can be attributed the ncglecl: paid by the Officers of each corps to the purchafe of a good regimental library, for their entertainment as well as improvement. I earncftly recommend it to my military brethren to pay ftrict attention to this circum- Hancc for the future. E e 2 Our 211 1758. O6tober. Novem- ber lit. 4th. IV A ' 1 t. '*'' \ I ' f , 1 , ■ '{ 1 \'\ ;■ ,M ' ■ , t life ;;l ll, '. II it 212 1758. Novem- ber. 5th. Sch. loth. 1 5th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Our Chaplain gave us an excellent difcourfe to-day, fuitable to this anniverfary ; a fmart froft, with fome fnow : — the Snowbirds are coming in now in numerous flocks, which the inhabitants look upon as a prelude to a fevere winter. A Mafter of a veiTel from Cafco Bay is impowered to treat with the Commanding Officer for land in this diftrid:, in behalf of thirty-five families, who are defirous to remove here from the eaftern parts of New-England j he fays, if they have good encou- ragement, it will probably be produdive of five hundred families coming over to fettle here ; our Commandant has referred him to Brigadier Monckton, at fort Frederic. Frofty weather, with violent drifts of fnow ; the Officers of the civil branch of this garrifon, and the inhabitants of the town, propofe to apply, without lofs of time, to Governor Lawrence, for n€W grants of lands on this river, as alfo to have their old ones renewed ; they expeft to procure a great number of fettlers from the fouthward. It froze fo hard thefe two nights pall, that the Officers had pleafant Ikaiting to-day ; the air is uncommonly cold ; his Ma- jefty's birth-day was celebrated as ufual -, at night feveral rockets were thrown up, and other fire-works of a curious conftrudion exhibited. High wind and rain : a veflel is arrived from Bollon with pro- vifions ; the Mafter informs us, that two agents failed fome time ago for Halifax, in behalf of thirty families, who are defirous to fettle at the head of this river ; he fays they are an Irifh colony, jnoftly weavers, and of other branches of the linen manufadory : we have the pleafure to be aflured, that Major- General Amherft in appointed Commander in Chief of all his Majefty's forces in Ame- rica, and Colonel of the 60th regiment (confifting of four batta- lions) and that Colonel Gage is preferred to be a Brigadier-General. We have alfo the fatisfadlion to be credibly informed, that the army under General Forbes has lately gained a fignal vidory, with inconfiderable (■■ir^ w^ ^UTir HISTORICAL JOURNAL. inconfiderable lofs, over the enemy, at or near Loyal Hanning, on their march to fort Du Quefne. Brigadier Wolfe has been alfo fuccefsful at Gafpee, and the N, N. E. parts of this province; has made fome hundreds of prifoners, and burned, among other fet- tlements, a mofl valuable one c*lled Mont Louis : the Intendant of the place offered one hundred and fifty thoufand livres to ran- fom that town and its environs, which were nobly rejefted : all their magazines of corn, dried fifti, barrelled eels, and other pro- vilions, which they had for themfelves and the market of Quebec, were all deftroyed ; wherever he went with his troops, defolation followed ; but he would not fuffer the leafl: barbarity to be com- mitted upon any of the perfons of the wretched inhabitants. Among the captives made by the Cape Sable detachment, h Mon- fieur De Senclave, a French Miflionary. Governor Lawrence has publifhed a proclamation, for the immediate fettlement of this province. An Officer at fort Cumberland writes to his brother here, that the regiment is to be imprifoned this winter at that place, and that the Colonel is in daily expedtation of us ; in con- fequence of this certain information, we have packed up, and pre- pared for our removal. A hard froft for thefe two days : feveral uncommonly large fires are feen this day, at a very great diftance towards the head of this river, which we fuppofe to be occafioned by parties from the Cape Sable detachment, who are burning fettlements, and clearing the country. Some guns were heard this morning from the bay, which, we conjefture, arc to notify the return of Brigadier Monckton, and the troops, from the upper part of St. John's river to fort Fre- deric i we are in hourly expedlation of being relieved by a detach- ment of the 35th regiment. A fchooner is arrived here to-day, after a palTage of four days only, from Bofton ; this is very remark- able, that run being often from eight to fourteen days, but gene- rally fix or k\Qn ; Ihe is bound to fort Frederic with King's pro- vifionsj. 213 1758. Novem- ber. 17th. igtb^ ' if; ' r V 1, i I'-f^' -•( 214 1758. Novem- ber. 2lft. 22(1. 5,3d, 24th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. vifions, and was put in here by a contrary wind ; it blows frefli with a gentle froft. An hofpital fliip with fick men, and a fmall (loop with conva- lefcents belonging to the 35th regiment, together with their Sur- geon, arrived this day from fort Frederic. Some tranfports arrived this morning, with part of the relief from the new fort ; Lieutenant-Colonel Fletcher came on fliore in the afternoon, and was faluted by eleven guns. The remainder of the detachment failed up to-day, amounting in all to five companies ; tlie eftablifliment of the regiment is one tlioufand men, and the Adjutant afliires me they do not want above eighty men to complete the ten companies, which is a tri- fling number, confidering the fervices whereon that corps have been employed thefe feven months paft. The other half of the regiment is Rationed between fort Frederic and fort Edward, three companies at the former of thefe places, and two at the latter ; the battalion of Royal Americans, that was employed with tlie 35th, are failed, under Brigadier Monckton to Halifax : the ran- gers are cantoned throughout the province as ufual, and the light infantry, which were compofed of cliofcn men from the different regiments, are returned to their refpe(fl:ive corps. The detachment of the 35th difembarked to-day, and marched into the fort ; part of our baggage was put on board the tr.inf- ports i the weather has been raw and wet for feveral days pall. We have the plcafure of meeting with fonic of our old acquain- tances among the Otlicers of this new garrilbn, who inform us, that, when Bri;^adier Monckton and the forces were landinj^ at St. John's, a body of two hundred Indians, who always inhabited the banks of that river, lay in ambufli on the top of a cape, or head- land, which commands the place of ditembarkation ; that they were very eager to fire upon our troops, but were prevented by fome of their Sachems or Chiefs, who told them, * that, if they * propofed making peace with the Englifli, which, in the prefent • fituation J" : i HISTORICAL JOURNAL; * iituatlon of affairs, they earneftly exhorted them to think of, * this would be a bad way to effed it.' Upon this advice, they retired, and proceeded up the country to confult with their good friends the French, to whom they imparted their intentions of burying the hatchet, and brightening the chain with the Britilh Governor j but an ignorant Prieft, difapproving their conduct, fcolded and abufed them for not endeavouring to oppofe the land- ing of the forces, diverted them from their pacific refolutions, and decoyed them to efcort and accompany him to Canada. This in- telligence they received from fome prifoners they took in their ex- pedition up that river, where they found the two traders, of which the enemy had pofTefTed themfelves fome months ago. In the courfe of this fervice feveral fettlements were deftroyed, about forty captives were made, and almoft an hundred head of black cattle killed. This armament did not proceed to the head of St. John's river j for, the winter fetting in earlier than ufual, and with greater feverity, they were apprehenfive of being frozen up, and therefore returned to the fort, which they found completed for the reception of its new garrifon. * The three companies of the 43d, with the remainder of our baggage, embarked this morning for fort Cumberland ; but, the wind being contrary, and blowing hard, we were detained here for feveral days : we were very fortunate in not being able to fail immediately, as we have thereby efcaped fome very bad weather and a great ftorm j we have now a hard froft, and the air is incon- ceivably cold. Being curious in my inquiries about the river St. John, a very ingenious fenfible Officer of the 35th regiment* informed rae, that he furveyed that river in his palTage up and down -, that it is fpacious and deep, for he alfo took the foundings of it j tliat * This accompliflied worthy fellow was Captain Ince, who died of the wounds he received at the fecond battle of Quebec, and was well known in the polite world for his fine voice, great tade, and flill greater judgment, in mufic ; he departed univcrfally 215 rsoveni' ber. iamcnted. at 25tn. a6th. .-;? <: m rf' 1 I'M '4 -.1 lii '- "111 2l6 Novem- ber. 27th. 28th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. at the broadeft part it is above three miles over, and, at the narroweft, fomething lefs than one mile ; that there is fufficient water for fhips of four or five hundred tons burthen ; and, in fliort, he fpoke of it with great raptures and praifes. This agreeable gentleman promifed me a fight of his obfervations and remarks, which he had reduced to writing ; but, not being able to get at his papers (as he had not yet opened his baggage) and we being both unfettled du- ring my ftay here, I lofi: that fatisfadlion : I remember I afked him, how it came to pafs, that the Ulyfl!es floop of war was loft in failing upwards ? To this he replied, the fault, if any, lay in the pilot, and not in the navigation ; and that this lofs was merely accidental. > A hard froft, with fliowers of fleet, and it blows frefh : late lall; night a veffel arrived, under bare poles, from Halifax, with pro- vifions; theMafter informs us, that feveral outrages and barbarities have been lately committed by the favages on the back fettlements of New-England ; they told our people, that they were colle fet through this place, only one (hip can pafs in or out ar a time, and that mud be itcrn foremoft. ring HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ring wbidi ume they encountered a great deal of very rotgh weather. This day Major Elliot, and the reft of the Officers of the re- giment, prefented a memorial to Colonel James, requefting him to apply to the Commander in Chief to grant orders to the 43d re- giment to join the army early in the fpring, upon whatever fer- vice they may be deflined, — which the Colonel has chearfully com- plied with. No alteration in the weather Ance our arrival, except it's being inconceivably rigorous. A weekly ftate and monthly return of this, and every other regi- ment in this province, are ordered to be tranfmitted regularly to his Excellency General Amherft, with duplicates to Governor Law- rence ; and, if it fliall fo happen that opportunity does not ferve to fend them punctually, they muft neverthelefs be (Igned every week and month, and forwarded by the next conveyance that may offer. fti9 Oec«m- ber, 9th. |H > The following is the detail of the duty of this garrifon. Guards. • c u 3 C/3 I 1 J CO • • u c C 3 * en It B B 3 Q . U «-• > r mounts at night- fall. Main, eldeft Officer, — Covered way, — — Referve, — — . — Blockhoufe, — — Hofpital, — — — - Wood-yard, — — Hay-yard, — .— — Spruce-brewhoufe, — — — 2 ] I I 1 I 1 1 I I I 40 30 20 12 8 6 6 6 — Total — -i -i 7 2 Jl 128 F f 2 The ^y\ :^1 i %'M ■ 220 Decem- ber. 1 2th. X HISTORICAL JOURNAL. The Colonel is ordered to provide the regiment with flannel un- der-waiflcoats, and Leggers, or Indian ftockings j here follows a defcription of them : Leggers, Leggins, or Indian fpatterdaflies, are ufually made of frize, or other coarfe woollen cloth ; they fliould be at lead three quarters of a yard in length ; each Leggin about three quarters wide (which is three by three) then double it, and few it together from end to end, within four, five, or fix inches of the outfide felvages, fitting this long, narrow bag to the (hape of the leg ; the flaps to he on the outfide, which ferve to wrap over the fkin, or fore-part of the leg, tied round under the knee, and above the ancle, with garters of the fame colour ; by which the legs are preferved from many fatal accidents, that may happen by briars, fiiumps of trees, or under-wood, &c. in marching through a clofe, woody country. The army have made an ingenious addition to them, by putting a tongue, or floped piece before, as there is in the lower part of a fpatterdafh j and a ft rap fixed to it under the heart of the foot, which faftens under the outfide ancle with a button. By thefe im- provements they cover part of the inftep below the fhoe-buckle, and the quarters all round ; the Indians generally ornament the flaps with beads of various colours, as they do their Moggofan, or flipper i for my part, I think them clumfy, and not at all military ; yet I confefs they are highly neceflfary in North America } never- thelefs, if they were made without the flap, and to button on the outfide of the leg, in like manner as a fpatterdafli, they would an- fwer full as well : but this is matter of opinion. The air is clear with exceeding hard froft, and the natural colour of the earth is concealed from us. In fome converfation which I had to-day with the French prifoners, they informed me, that, lafl: year, when we were intrenching our camp before this fort, the enemy were fculking about us every night, and were very anxious to take a prifoner, by whom they might get intelligence of our numbers i that the perfon who appeared on the fliore on horfeback (north 221 I7S8. Decem- ber. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. (north of the river Tanta Mere) was Monfieur Bois Hibert, who was then returned from Cape Breton, with eighty regulars, two hundred and fifty militia, and three hundred favages : they remain- ed a week in that poft, hoping to decoy a party from our camp i and, upon defeating them, they intended to purfue the party up in- to the fort, before they or the troops could recoiled: themfelves, and thereby become mafters of the place j but, at length finding we took no notice of them, provifions being fcarce, and the Succefs Ihip of war having fired at their Commanding Officer, and into their camp, they thought proper to retire : I inquired why they did not attempt a furprife upon our trenches j but Monfieur Hibert told them, that would not anfwer their purpofe fo well, as rulhing in- to the fort upon us unexpeftedly ; and that, if he could have effected that matter, he would have bid defiance to the troops in camp. — I think we were rather unfortunate that they did not undertake this coup, for, it feems, they thought we had only a fmall guard or two in the fort by day, and that the garrifon as well as the 28th and 43d regiments, were all at work in the trenches ; it was for a cer- tainty of this, that they were fo very folicitous for a prifoner. The rigour of the winter here is inconceivable, yet every body is remarkably healthy j the air is quite ferene, and the fun fhines almofl: every day ; perhaps that benign luminary is concealed from us once in four, five or fix days, when a fnow-ftorm fets in, which, however, does not continue above twenty-four hours, and then wc have clear weather again. This folemn feftival was duly obferved. zsth. 1759- Our retired fituation here does not afford conftant materials for January, my pen, which (as the reader may fuppofe) is the reafon of my pafling over many days in filence. A large bear ruflied out of the woods between the gibbet and the blockhoufe j he feemed to be hard prefTed, whence we conclude he was hunted by the enemy : he afforded us excellent fport for almoft an hour, and feveral pieces were 2Cth-. |V [i'l ■P ;i'! i',-i m i 222 January. 20th. .1.. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. were difcharged dt him j but at length, direding his cotirfe towards the bafon, he cfcaped by rwimmiiig a-crofs the bay. Our principal amufetnent here is fkaitingj the marHies, having been overflowed before the froft fet in, afford us now a fcope of fc- veral miles : a quantity of coals and wood were laid in here before ourjarrival from Annapolis ; but, being almofl exhauded, the ranging company are now employed in providing fuel for us : the allowance to each fire-place is ** one quarter of a cord of wood, and two buHiels of coals, weekly, for forty weeks ; or half that allowance for every feven days throughout the year." The French prifoners have the fame proportion, and are ferved with provifions in like manner as the private foldiers. The weather inconceivably fevere, continual froft and fnow ; the latter is feveral feet in depth, and fets in with thick drifts and high wind : it may feem a paradox to fay it rains froft j but that is •dually often the cafe in this country. This day two foldiers walked out a few miles on the road leading to Gafperau and Bay Verde, and, feeing a man lie dead at fome diftance before them, they re- turned inftantly, and apprifed the Commanding Officer therewith : a Serjeant and eighteen men were detached with a hand-fleigh to bring home the corpfe ; fo little did we apprehend any danger, that the Officers have been out daily for fome time paft, either walking, (hooting, or riding, in the evening the party returned, and brought with them the remains of one of our beft grenadiers, who was ftripped of every thing except his fliirt and breeclies, and had two different parts of his fcull fcalped : to his Iliirt was pinned a letter from Lieutenant M'Cormuck, of the rangers, who was made pri- foner laft Auguft, in fome other part of this province ; direded to Captain Lieutenant Armftrong, of the ranging company at fort Cumberland j and upon the fuperfcription was wrote. On bis Ma- jejly'sfervice. The author did not date his letter, nor does he men- tion from what place he wrote it ; whence, and from other circum- ftances, we conclude Mr. M'Cormuck was compelled to write it, in epri- led to fort Ma- men- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. in order to infure good quarter and kind treatment to the inhuman bearer of it, if he had fallen into our hands. The following is an extract of that letter : « — After all the mifery I underwent until I arrived here, * where I am with the King's Officers, who are very kind to mc— * &;c. the bearer is our Commanding Officer's brother here, who * has been fo kind as to caufe the French that took me to dehver * me my watch, keys, rings, and every thing they took from me j * and I live like a petty Prince among them, having my liberty * upon my parole : fo that I earneilly beg, if he ihould happen to< * fall into your hands there, to ufe him, or any of his party, as kind ' z% you can; which will be of great fervice to me, and all other < poor captives in Canada, 6cc. &;c. * Yours fincerely, * Csefar M'Cormuck, Lieutenant.' \N. B. Captain Armftrong makes no doubt of its being that Gen- tleman's hand-writing.] The rolls of the companies being immediately called, it appeared that one Serjeant, and three privates of the rangers, together with, feven of our foldiers, were miffing ; and as they were feen going out: to cut wood this morning (contrary to repeated orders), we fufpedt they are either killed, or prifoners with the enemy. The whole company of rangers went out this morning to fcour the country towards Bay Verde : they returned in the afternoon,, and brought with them a fleigh which our unhappy fuffiirers had taken out with them,, and on it were Jaid the bodies of four of our men, and one ranger, who were killed and fcalped j the reft are ftill miffing : at the place where thefe unfortunate people were way- laid, there was a regular ambufli, and defigned probably againft the rangers, who have been out, for fome weeks, cutting and cord- ing wood for the garrifon, and feldoin miffed a day, except the: weather was uncommonly fevere, whick was the cafe yefterday ;, andl 223 >7S9. J..iiu»ry» 2i0f,. m I \i W. I'M ',, ■ ] [ . i 224 1759. January. Z2d. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. and their not going was providential, for they are generally too re- mifs upon fervice, and fo little did they fufpedt any danger, that the half of them went out without arms, and they who carried any were not loaded. The vidims were fired at from the right fide of the road, being (hot through the right breaft } all were wounded in the fame place, except one who had not a gun-fhot wound about him, but was killed by a hatchet or tomahock a-crofs the neck, under the hinder part of his fcull ; never was greater or more wan- ton barbarity perpetrated, as appears by thefe poor creatures, who, it is evident, have been all fcalped alive ; for their hands, refpec- tively, were clafped together under their polls, and their limbs were horridly diftorted, truly expreflive of the agonies in which they died: in this manner they froze, not unlike figures, or ftatues, ,vhich are variouflydifplayed on pedeftals in the gardens of the curious. The ranger was ftripped naked, as he came into the world ; the fol- diers were not, except two, who hjd their new cloathing on them ; thefe (that is the coats only) were taken : I am told this is a diftindtioii always made between regulars and others ; the head of the man who efcaped the fire ; was flayed before he received his coup mortel^ which is evident from this circumflance, that, after the intire cap was taken off, the hinder part of the fcull was wantonly broken into fmall pieces ; the ranger's body was all marked with a flick, and fome blood in hieroglyphic charadlers, which fliewed that great deliberation was ufed in this barbarous dirty work. The blood- hounds came on fnow-fhoes, or rackets, the country being now fo deep with fnow, as to render it impoflible to march without them } they returned towards Gafpereau, and we imagine they came from Mirrimichie, there being no fettlement of them (as we fup- pofe) nearer to us on that fide of the country. Our men were biTied this afternoon, and, as we could not break or ftretch their limbs, the fleigh was covered intirely with boards, and a large pi: was made in the fnow, to the depth of fe- vxral feet, where they are to remain for fome time ; for the earth is !< '\ ■.,1 }»' r . f ff^ 1759- January HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 225 Co impenetrably bound up with froft, that it is impracticable to break ground, even with pick-axes or crow-irons ; their funeral was very decent, and all the Officers attended them to the burying-place. Our men appear greatly irritated at the inhuman lot of their friends, and exprefs the greatefl concern left we fliould not permit them to make reprifals, whenever a favourable opportunity may offer. In thefe northern countries, any people that happen to die after the winter fets-in- are only left under the fnow until the beginning of fummer, for fpring I cannot call it, there being no fuch feafon in this part of the world. With refped to frefh provifions of any kind, it is alfo cuftomary to kill them about the middle of November, and leave them in an airy out-houfe, or other place where the frofl: will foon affedl them ; fo that there is nothing more common than to eat beef, mutton, or poultry, in March or April, that were dead five months before : hares and fowl, as foon as killed, are hung up in their fkins and feathers, and without being drawn, until they are wanted j at which time, by fteeping them (or any butcher's meat) for a time in cold water, and not merely immerging, as fome writers and travellers aver, they become pliable, and fit for any purpofe that the cook may require. One Captain, one Subaltern, and fixty men of the 43d regiment, 26th have been under orders thefe few days paft to attend, as a covering- party, on the rangers, while they are employed in wood-cutting j but, the weather being at prefent fo uncommonly fevere, they can- not ftir out ; this is to be continued for the remainder of the win- ter, whenever it can be found pradicable. The frofl: is fo intcnfe, that many of our foldiers have had their nofes, ears, and fingers nipped, or frofl;-bitten ; for which there is no other remedy, than to have the part affedted well rubbed with fnow by a warm hand, and to keep clear of fire. The ganifon v/ere Ihewn their alarm- pofts this day, as follows : one company on the Prince of Wales's baftion ; onr. on the Duke of Cumberland's; one, on Prince Fre- deric's ; the grenadiers on the parade, in the fort ; one company at Vol. I. Cr £i, the '/i'i^ (' li 226 '759- January. February March li}. 2^- HISTORICAL JOU!lNAL. the place of arms behind the carpenter's (hop ; (N. B. this covers the gateway of the fort) one, on Prince Edward's baftion ; one, on Prince Henry's ; one behind the magazine in the Spur ; two, on the parade in the Spur ; the rangers on the gateway of the Spur ; and all the guards oppofite to their guard-houfcs. — The Officer of artil- lery is to have forty men, of his own chufing, to aflift in working the guns, &c. in cafe of an alarm ; and he is to give in a return of their names this day to the Adjutant. Nothing can equal the extreme bitternefs of the feafon j yet our detachments are every day out at the wooding-place. All manner of provilions and liquors freeze with us j even rum and brandy do not efcape the rigour of this winter : the Officers prefer fleeping in blankets, flieets being too cold for this northern climate. The whole month of February does not afford any materials : the weather ftill invariably the fame ; the inclemency whereof is not to be expreffed j yet our wooding-parties are conftantly employed on that fatiguing fervice, and the fuel, when cut, is drawn home by the fcldicrs on fleigbs j the rangers forming the van, and fcouring the woods on each fide of the road, while fome regulars bring up the rear. At the place where our poor fellows were lately waylaid and butchered, the enemy conflruded an intrenchment of three faces, with logs of timber, in fuch manner as to flank the road, and en- filade the approaches to it j on the outfide of each face were felled trees, with the tops laid outwards. From thefe precautions, it ap- pears their malice was levelled againft the rangers, with whom they probably expedled and intended, after the firft furprife, to have maintained a ikirmifh. This anniverfary was celebrated by all the Otliceis as 'ifual, and with great good humour ; the colours were hoifled in compliment to the day. Great thunder and lightning were feen and heard this morning, a circumflance very uncommon at this rigorous feafon of the year : the weather we have had, fince the firft of January, is not to be conceived ; Marcli HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 227 conceived j in general it has been froft, with deep fnow j fometimes, though not often, we had |ain, which froze inftantly as it fell, and foftened the air for a fliort fpace of time ; this was fucceeded by a ^orm of wind and fnow, which, in many places, lies above twenty feet deep, but in general not above four or five j fometimes the air has been thick and foggy, at others clear, with fun-lhine. This laft night exceeded every thing we have ever met with in 6th. point of feverity j the centinels could fcarce keep their ports ; many of them were fo much affedled, that it was found neceiTary to relieve them : two, who had been fo ill as to be hardly able to fpeak, had each of them an half pint of good rum — poured down their throats, which recovered them inftantly, but was not fufficient to intoxicate them : they were both remarkably fober men, and had frequently been rallied by their comrades for their abflenjioufnefs. I mention this circumftance to fliew, that it was not from habit, or the force of ciiftom, that thefe men were not inebriated by fuch a quantity of fpi- rituous liquor ; for it is certain that every man, even the moft tem- perate among us, can drink more wine, or ftout punch, at this rigo- rous feafon, before he becomes innocently chearful, than he can at any other time of the year, or in a more moderate climate, with de- cency. It is the opinion of the futtlers, who have pafled many winters in this province, and feveral years in this remote part of it, that this is the moft fevere winter they ever remember to have feen in Nova Scotia. The Oflicers, who are natives of Ireland, entertained all the gentle- 17th. men of this garrifon at a futtling-houfe in the town : we were thirty- four in number, the Hibernians twenty. The private men of that country had half a dollar each advanced to them by their Captains ; and thofe, who were immediately natives of Britain, took their tour of duty. Colonel James ordered the colours to be hoifted, and po- litely fet the example of mounting a crofs in his hat, which was fol- lowed by every Officer and other Gentlemen of the civil branch under his command. In order to give a farther fpecimen of the prices of G g 2 provifions 1 h 1^ ^■■V 228 March. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. provifions here, I fhall fubjoin our bill of fare, with the charges an- nexed : but the reader muft not infer from hence, that we always, or at any time, lived as well as we have done this day; for I never faw fuch good cheer before or fince that day in America j and the feveral articles which compofed this (Lord's Mayor's) feaft, were with great pains preferved, throughout this whole winter, for the ufe of this day, though we have frequently fince Chriftmas fared on the King's pro- vifions alone. L To falt-fifli, parfnips, potatoes, &c. — — — o To two buttocks of beef, 504. lb. cabbage, roots, &c. i To a leg of mutton, 7 lb. roots, &c. — — o To a ham, 1 1 lb. a turkey, cabbage, &c. — — o To another ham, i o lb. four fowls, cabbage, &c. — i To two furloins of beef, 54 -^ lb. falad, &c. — t To a hind quarter of veal, lol lb. fore quarter of ditto") in a pie, i o 4^ lb. — — — J To mutton in a pie, 16 4- lb. 9 s. 6 d. a turkey and") fauce 1 1 s. 6 d. — — — J To two apple-pies 10 s. to two puddings 6 s. 6 d. — o Cheefe 3 s. foft bread and beer 12 s. — • — o To bowls of lemon punch — — 1 2 To dozen of red and white wine •— 5 To wine to the fervants per order — — • o To ditto to fifers and drummers per order ~ — o s. 18 12 9 18 2 12 I 16 3 8 16 10 d. 6 6 6 6 10 10 o 6 o o o o o I ■?1 \ This feflival was joyoufly celebrated, and with the greatefi: mirth and good humour, the Officers, &c. having retired to the fort before nine o'clock in the evening. I cannot omit obferving upon this oc- cafion, that the army are fuch fi:rangers to national refledlions, that ihey are not even heard of among the private foldiers j and I could wifh they were as fenfibly and politely avoided by all other ranks of people. Provifions )^ "-PP.,,- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Provilions of all kinds are now grown fcarce, and thofe iflued from the (lores are very indifferent : our men can neither get rum or fpruce, and the Captains have not money to fubfift them. With refped to feme of the articles of the King's provifions, the men are put to fhort allowance through fcarcity : even the Officers are fenfible of thefe ca- lamities. A floop, which has been frozen up here all this winter, has now got off by the affiftance of the high tides, and failed to Bofton for fupplies of all kinds for this garrifon, and to haften up any other vef- fels (lie may meet with, whether configned to this or to other places. A fmall party of the enemy appeared in the (kirts of the foreft to the left of the blockhoufe next to the marfli, where the Officers have been fkaiting for the greateft part of this winter, when the weather permitted. The fun is now fo warm, and has fuch great effeft upon the fnow, that the lleighs will not run ; Co that the very difagreeable fer- vice of cutting and drawing wood can no longer be performed, to the inexpreffible fatisfadlion of the poor foldiers and rangers : and, as the ice in the center of the bay is broken up, we give many a wifh- ful look that way, hoping foon to have Ihips, — agreeable news, — and plenty, for the time to come. The guns of the fort were fcaled to-day. Though we have hard frofts at night, the weather by day is plea- fant, and much warmer than in Europe at this feafon. I never faw fuch great plenty of wildgeefe and ducks, and in fuch numerous flocks, as at this time ; by which we look upon the winter to be almofl at an end : the wind is now fair for veffels to come up, and the bay is tolerably clear of ice. This day, about two o'clock, to the inconceivable plcafure of this garrifon, a fail appeared at the Jo^pen, and foon after another came in fight, both which came up in the evening. Thefe vefTcls, with two others bound for this port, have been for feveral weeks at Annapolis Royal, waiting until the weather (hould break up : they made many effi^rts 229 March 25th. 29th. 30th. 31ft. April ift. 4U1. 5th. Nil : m - At '•■ I ■V, 1 230 April. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. efforts to come fooner, but were put back by contrary winds and floats of ice in the bay. From the above-mentioned fort we are in- formed, that fome of the enemy have furrendered themfelves to the Commanding Officer. The Captain of the rangers here has received a letter from Lieutenant Butler of the fame corps at Fort Frederic, da- ted the 6th of laft month, of which the following is an extradt: •* Captain M'Curdie was killed by the falling of a tree on the 30th " of January j' I^ieutenant Hazen commands at prefent, who returned " lafl: night from a fcout up this river. He marched from this fort " the 18th of February, and went to St. Ann's ; the whole of the in- " habitants being gpne off, he burned one hundred and forty-feveii " dwelling-houfes, two Mafs-houfes, befides all their barns, ftables, " granaries, &c. He returned down the river about , where " he found a houfe in a thick foreft, with a number of cattle, horfcs, " and hogs j thefe he deftroyed. There was fire in the chimney ; the " people were gone off intq the woods j he purfued, killed, and fcalp- *' ed fix men, brought in four, with two women and three children ; " he returned to the houfe, fc" it on fire, threw the cattle into the " flames, and arrived fafe with his prifoners : he and the party well." By the aforeAid veffels we have at length received a confirmation of the great fuccefs of the army und^r Brigadier Forbes, the enemy having burnt and abandoned Fort Du Quefne on the 24th of Novem- ber laft, which the General took poffefiion of, on the evening of that day, with his light troops, and his army arrived there on the 25th : the French retired towards the MilViffippi, being defertcd by their Indian allies, who have fince put themfelves under our pro- tedion. Incredible are the hardihips which- that army have under- gone in the courfe of the campaign j but, when fuccefs crowns our endeavours, it makes ample amends for all our toils, and infpires us with frefli vigour for farther enterprifes. Our accounts of that large tradt of country borderijig on the river Ohio are extremely pleafing. :■.. Intelligence V' ■ i, ■ ' ■■Mi igence ^759- April HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 231 Intelligence came to Annapolis, feme weeks before we left that place, that a French {hip of war, bound to Quebec, was loft in the llreights of Belleifle j but, as this was not confirmed, I palTed it by in filence : we have now the pleafure of having that eveni- authenticated ; flie was a fixty-gun Ihip, and had an immenfe quantity of arms, artillery, ammunition, and provifions on board, being very deeply laden, befides feveral bales of cloathing for the troops in Canada.— The 43d regiment are out daily at exercife, though the country ftill retains its winter habit, and the air is fharp. By thefe veflels we have got beef at five-pence per pound > mutton at fix-pence ; veal at nine-pence ; eggs at eighteen-pence per dozen > and potatoes at five (hillings per bufliel. It is wonderful to fee how frefti and good all thefe fundry articles are, and yet feven weeks are elapfed fince thefe floops failed from Bofton. A child to one of the French prifoners being taken ill, our Chap- 7th. lain was fent for to baptife it j as I had the guard at the fort, the mother of it requefted I would ftand fponfor ; which I complied with. I afked her what name (lie intended to give it; flie replied, Eliflia J but, at my defire, Cumberland was prefixed to it. A command of regulars and rangers were detached this morning 8th, to Bay Verde, to reconnoitre the country. The detachment returned this day, without being able to make loih any difcoveries ; they heard feveral (hots difcharged, but at fo great a diftance, they conjedlure they were rather at wild-fowl, than as fignals of alarm. When the party had proceeded beyond the place where our rangers have been all the winter wood-cutting, the fnow was fo deep as to take them up to their waifts, and, when they had reached the bay, they found it was intirely frozen up ; they faw the ifland of St. John, but, the weather being hazy, their view was very imperfedl. A (loop arrived from New- York with King's provifions j by let- nth teis (he has brought, we have reafon to flatter ourfelves that the 43d regiment will be fent upon fervice this campaign. As 'ml ' !■. ' I VI ; ; ■ ' m ■ 1 ii ' ^■■•^" ■'tr 1 i if km Hi illl 232 April. HISTORICAL JOURN Ajfc. As foon as Brigadier Forbes's army had reached Fort Du Quefne,he fet about the neceifary repairs, and, having rendered the place as de- fcnfible as poffible, he garrifoned it by two hundred and forty High- landers from Colonel Montgomery's corps, and fifty of the Royal Americans : the remainder of his forces he marched back to Phila- delphia } but, before he took his departure, he conferred on his new conqueft the name of Pittfburgh, in compliment to that fupereminent Statefman, the right honourable William Pitt *, Efq; by whofe great abilities, excellent conduifl:, and the moft fteady exertion of the reins of government, our affairs, particularly in this new world, have af- fumed fo profperous an afped. Another fmaller fort, dependent on this, lituated on a branch of the Ohio, the Brigadier alfo honoured with the epithet of Ligonier -)■•, to perpetuate, in fome meafure, the juil fenfe which he and the Britifli forces entertain of that expe- rienced General's high merit and long faithful fervices. By our far- ther accounts from that quarter, the late French garrifon had perpe- trated the moft unheard-of barbarities upon all our prifoners : in tiie ruins of the fort are found pieces of human fkulls, arms, legs, and other relics of their brutality, which were half burnt ; after thefe monfters of butchery had fated themfelves with this favage and un- chriftian treatment of fome unfortunate captives, on the parade within the fortrefs they gave up the remainder to the Indians, who, according to their cuflom, tomahocked and fcalped them, one after another ; and all this in prefence of the unhappy fiiffcrers, who re- mained to be the laft vidims of their rage and cruelty. Fort Li- gonier is garrifoned by a detachment from Pittiburgh, which is re- lieved weekly or monthly, at the difcretion of the Commanding- OfHcer. We alfo learn that General Amherft is making vigorous prepara- tions for an early campaign ; that the provinces are railing many regiments j and that his Excellency, to avoid that confulion which * Since created Earl of Chatham. t Field-Marflial Ligonier, alfo Ilnce created an Eiiglifh Earl. would 1' X HISTORICAL JOURNAL. would otherwife happen, as well as to encourage the provincials, and to keep them under fonie kind of regularity, propofes to form all his batteau-men into companies of fifty each, under proper Of- ficers, who are to raife their own men for their commiflions; like- wife the drivers of ox-teams and waggons are to be under the like regulations, and the whole army, deftined for the fervice of the lakes, are to rendezvous at Albany, about the latter end of this month. The 43d regiment are at exercife every morning, and difchargc ammunition cartridges j in the afternoon the men are employed in firing at targets, in whieh they are encouraged by prefents from their Officers, according to their feveral performances. This day the Monckton armed fchooner, of this province, ar- rived here ; the Pay-mafter of our regiment came paflenger, and informs us, that, on the evening of the 5th inftant, the Monckton, and a floop alfo bound here, came to an anchor off Grindftone ifland, on the north ihore ; and both had agreed that the fchooner fhould fire a gun on the morning following, as a fignal to weigh, in order to their failing together j this iiland lies near the entrance of Pitfcordiac river. Accordingly on the next day, when the fig- nal was given, a great fhout was heard, and feveral fhots of fmall arms ; one of the Monckton's men cried out with fome furprife,* — * that's an Indian yell.' Upon which they inflantly weighed, and flood for the floop, who by this time was bearing down Aipon them : and, when the two vefTels came within hailing, one of the captives called out, — * Take care of yourfelves, we are all prifoners ' here ;' and then another voice was heard to fay, — * Lower your * main fail, we are all French, and will give you good quarter.'-— The fchooner, without farther ceremony, plied her well with her fwivels, and the floop returned the falute with their fmall arms ; at this they continued for fome minutes, when, fortunately the wind fpringing up for fort Edward, the Monckton bore away for that place, maintaining a running fight with the floop, who clofely Vol. I. H b purfued H »759- April. 13th. v« .1 ■. ; '|i 5t, (■ uk m 254 J759- 14th. ' HISTORICAL JOURNAL. purAicd them for near five hours j when, finding no likelihood of making a capture of the fchooner, the pirates thought proper to defift, and content themfelves with what they had already acquired. The floop's cargo confiftcd of beef, pork, flour, bread, rice, peafe ; rum of different forts, various kinds* of wine, fugar, lemons, beer ; together with a great quantity of flioes, fliirts, flockings, and a va- riety of other European articles, for the fliopkccpers of this place. TJie Monckton (who had a boy killed and two men wounded) is likcwife loaded with (lores and provifions for this fortrefs, and the Pay-mafter had a confidcrable charge of money with him for the regiment's ufe. At fort Edward the fchooner got a command of one Serjeant, Corporal, and fourteen privates, and immediately profecutcd her voyage to this port : the Captain of her fays, that the floop muil have been furprifed and boarded by a parcel of ca- noes from the fliore, there being no other veflel but themfelves in that part of the bay. The Mafter of one of the traders, who arrived here on the even- ing of the 5th, fays, that, as he came up the bay, he faw a great fmoke, with feveral boats and canoes on a part of the fhore near Grindftone ifland ; and being afked by the Colonel why he did not report thefe circumftances to him immediately on his arrival ? Re- plied, he did not think it of much confequence, thefe matters being familiar to him in New-England. Colonel James had the pleafure to receive orders from the Com- mander in Chief (through Brigadier Monckton) for the 43d re- giment and Captain Danks's company of rangers to hold them- felves in readinefs to embark on board fuch tranfports as fhall carry troops here to relieve them y that the rendezvous of the army, which is intended for an expedition up St. Lawrence river, under the command of Major-General Wolfe, will be at Louifbourg ; this agreeable intelligence foon flew thro' the garrifon, and nothing but continual huzza's were heard, for fome hours, from the barracks, and were repeated in the evening by the foldiers aflTembled at rgll- calling;^ HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 235 calling, when each honeft heart gladdened, which diffufed itfclf »7S9' confpicuoufly in every countenance. The following orders were publiflied this day : ♦* By order of his Excellency General Amherft, the 43d regiment is to furnifli one Captain, one Lieutenant, one Enfign, three Serjeants, one Drummer, and fcventy rank and file, to form a company of light infantry; the Commanding Officer to chufe the men and Officers who are to be appointed. The Officers arc to haveprovili'/iia in the following proportions, viz. a Colonel fix rations per day ; a Lieutenant-Colonel, five ; a Major, four; a Captain, three; a Lieutenant, Enfign, Adjutant, Quarter- Maflcr, and Chaplain, two rations each ; this allowance to com- mence from the firft of November laft, and four-pence per ra- tion will be allowed for provifions not drawn : — no Officer to be allowed provifions in a double capacity." I i 1 i, Our friends at fort Edward fuflained a great temporary lofs this laft winter, their barracks being by feme accident burned to the ground; tlie detachment had time to fave themfelves and their effl-dts. General Amherft has been pleafed to remove the Captain-L eute- nant, who had been appointed laft year in this regiment, into an- other corps, and filled up that vacancy with our eldeft Lieutenant, who is fucceeded by our fenior Enfign ; and he, by a young gen- tleman volunteer in the fame regiment. The 43d regiment are now making the moft of their time in exercifing and firing at marks ; in Ihort, every man is employed in rubbing off the winter's ruft, and putting themfelves and their camp equipage in good condition for the field. This evening a floop arrived from New- York with ftores and provifions ; by letters brought to the Colonel we learn, that this, and all the other fortrefles in the province, are to be garrifoned by provincial troops, who have articled to ferve until the latter end of 11 h 2 November 15^11. %% V m 11 i^W^ S m 'W im ^PMI mm n ii^H'' liiB 4 fm II 236 »7S9- A()ril, iCih. ziR. aaJ. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. November next j the privates are to have one (hilling currency per day, and ten pounds flerling each, at inlifling; fix pounds of this entrance money (we he;ir) will be paid by the Government, and the remaining four by the Ficld-Ofhcers and Captains ; the litter, wo are alfo told, will only receive fix pounds per month of thirty days, the Lieutenants three pounds fixteen ihillings, and the Enfignh three pounds only. Another veflcl arrived from Boflon, with ftores, liquors, and pro- vifions ; and a Lieutenant, with a number of recruits for the range- ing company, came paflengers. A flag of truce appeared this day near the gibbet ; the fellow who carried the flag was a peaHmt, and his companion had on a French uniform ; they pretended they came to know if we would exchange prifoners, for they would be glad to releafc the male and female captives that are here ; and alfo to barter Ikins and furs for provKions. It is rather fuppofed they came upon a treacherous defign ; therefore they received for anfwer, * that they were a parcel of faithlefs inhuman dogs, and * their Commanders were no better ; that we would neither treat * with fuch favage GtieuXy nor give them quarter, if they did not * inrtantly depart from the limits of the fort, or furrender to his * Majefly's mercy.' Upon this they abruptly turned tail, and when they had got a little way into the foreft, a great war-fhout was heard from many voices ; by which we conjedture their party was numerous. This day two fail-boats were feen to crofs the bay below the Joggen i it is conjedured thefe pirates are either flculking to pick up intelligence, or to furprife another trader in the bay : towards jiight a great fall of fnow. St. George's anniverfary was duly obferved by all the garrifon ; our foldiers take quantities of excellent fifli here by night-lines, they are moftly bafs and gafpereau's, which are a ipecies of lietring. A Lieu- % HISTORICAL JOURNAL. A Lieutenant and thirty rangers are ordered on board the Monck- ton fcliooner, to cruife up and down the bay, for the protcdion <.f traders. It rained and fnowed violt-ntly this morning, in tlic evening cleared up and froze hard ; people here di) not attempt to hreftk ground in their gardens, until tlic beginning or middle ft* the enfulng month. Two veflcls failed this morning for New- York, convoyed down the bay by the Monckton ; as foon as they had weighed, fome of the enemy peeped out of the woods on the north (hore, and the armed fchooner fired two fwivels at them. The regiment daily out at exercifc, and firing at the target; the Captain of the light infantry fpares no pains to form his company, and render them expert for any kind of fervice ; we begin now to be impatient for the troops who are expected to relieve us. ■y Early this morning arrived Colonel Fry, of the provincials, and eight tranfports j three others are ftill mifling, who parted convoy in a gale of wind : we are to be condu(fted by the York province drop 'oflf Chebucfto harbour, and from thence proceed by ourfelves to Louifbourg, where there is alfo a provincial regiment to be quartered, in the room of one of the regulars, who are to join us on the expedition. Four hundred of thefe young troops are to be Rationed here ; two hundred and fifty at Annapolis Royal j the fame number at fort Frederic ; and one hundred at fort Edward ; befides one complete regiment at Halifax. The privates are a poor, mean, ragged fet of men, of all fizes and ages j their Officers are fober, modeft men, and fuch of them as have been upon fervice exprefs themfelves very diftindlly and fenfibly -, but their ideas, like thofe who have not been out of their own country, or converfed much with Europeans, are naturally confined j they make a de- cent appearance, being cloathed in blue faced with fcarlet, gilt buttons, laced waiflcoats and hats; but their ordinary foldicrs have no uniforms, nor do they aiTe^ any kind of regularity. The li\ ^37 >759- April. 2 5rh. 26th. 30t!i. May. 5th. «759. May. ■til. S:h. cy.h. I2tll. fi HISTORICAL JOURNAL. The floop, lately furprifed off Grindftone ifland, haa been ran- fomed for fifteen hundred dollars ; the Mailer left his fon as an hoftage for the payment of that fum : the enemy took all his cargo, and rifled him of every thing he had, but luckily did not difcover a bag with fix hundred dollars, which lay concealed in an unfuf- pedted part of the veflel. The rangers have got a new uniform cloathing ; the ground is black ratteen or frize, lapelled and cuffed with blue j here follows a defcription of their drcfs : a waiflcoat with fleeves, a fliort jacket without fleeves j only arm-holes, and wings to the fhoulders (in like manner as the Grenadiers and Drummers of the army) white met- tal buttons, linen or canvas drawers, with a blue flcirt, or fiiort petticoat of fluff, made with a waiflband and one button ; this is open before, and does not extend quite to their knees : a pair of leggins of the fame colour with their coat, which reach up to the middle of their thighs (without flaps) and, from the calf of the leg downwards, they button like fpatterdaflies ; with this adive drels they wear blue bonnets, and, I think, in a great meafure refemble our Highlanders. Embarked our baggage to-day, which was attended with fome trouble on account of the diftance between ihe fort and the bafjn, with very unfavourable weather. Two companies embarked to-day ] tlie Monckton fchooner re- turned from a cruife, and a veflel arrived from New-York with flores : blowing weather, with thick, foggy air and rain. Two of the mifling tranlports arrived late lafl; night, one ilill re- mains to complete the new garrifon. The refl: of our troops and baggage are embarked, except the rangers, who are to continue until the mifling tranfport arrives; one of our regiment's tranfpurts, after a company were embarked, proving leaky, was furveyed and condemned : a trader was inflantly imprefl'ed, and the company removed on board of her. As HISTORICAL JOURNAL. As we are now about to depart from his Majefty's province of Nova Scotia*, where the forty-third regiment have had the misfor- tune to undergo an inglorious exile of twenty-two months and upwards, feparated not only from the bufy a€live world, but like- wife from thofc fcenes of honour, in which, I can venture to affirm, every man, both commiffioned and private, moft ardently wiHied to have (hared : I fliall proceed to a review of our fervice and em- ployment therein, to which I fliall annex an hiftorical account of the country, its foil, produce, &c. &c. and this fliall be done in as concife a manner as poflible, that the reader may not be detain- ed from occurrences of much more importance. The occupation of the troops, in this defert province, and par- ticularly of the forty-third regiment, lince our leaving Halifax (the capital thereof) in 1757, does not afford any great entertainment, and fl:ill lefs fubjedt for fpeculation ; for, befides the ordinary duty and defence of the forts they have occupied, cutting and providing wood, digging and drawing coals and fand, throwing up retrench- ments, eredting redoubts of timber, and fcouring the country in the environs of our refpeftive pofts, often with fome lofs on our fide, and great barbarity on the part of the enemy, compofe the affairs which have engroffed both our time and our attention ; to this I may add the diilrefs we were often expofed to for frefh pro- vifions nnd liquors, and the conftant apprehenfions we were under, from the very indifferent flate of our fortreffes, of a furprife from our inhofpitable neighbours on every fide, which obliged us to exert the utmofl vigilance and circumfpeftion, while we continued here.; our exclufion from the world, for the fpace of two long winters, by the rivers, bays, and harbours being bound up with froft:, to- gether with our confinement within very narrow limits, and with- out even the benefit of riding, fliooting, or being able to partake * So called by Sir William Alexander, Earl of Stirling, Secretary of State for Scot- land to King James the Firft, who gave him a grant of it in the year 1621; fuuatcd, W. Ion. between 62 deg. and 72 min, N. ht. between 43 deg. and 49 min. 239 1759- Mav. I' I 240 I7S9- May. V y HISTORICAL JOURNAL. of any other healthful exercife in fafety, rendered our fituation in- conceivably irkfome and difagreeable to men naturally fond of and accuftomed to adtivity; our difcontented reflexions, under all thefc circumftances, may be better conceived than cxprefTed. The government of Nova Scotia was merely nominal until the year 1747, when a fettlement was eftablifhed by the then Gover- nor, Cornwallis, on the weft-fide of Chebudto harbour, called Halifax (before defcribed) and is now the metropolis : here are two houfcs of ^ITembly, called the upper and lower; the former is compofed of the Lieutenant-Governor and Council, who, with the Governor, are all appointed by the King ; and the other is formed of the Reprefentatives, who are chofen by the freeholders ; to whofe choice, however, the Governor has it in his power to objeifl. Though this province is fituated in a very favourable part of the temperate zone, yet its winters are at leaft feven months long, four of which are almoft infupportably fevere ; we are ftrangers here to the fpring, that delightful feafon of the year in other countries ; the winter being immediately fucceeded by fummer, which, though of no long continuance, is as much upon the extreme, for intolerable heat and clofe air, as the other is for intenfe cold. For fome months the weather is very uncertain, often changing fuddenly from fair and moderate to tempeftuous and violent rains ; from the latter end of May to the fame time in September, they are wrapped up in the gloom of a perpetual fog, during which fpace, the muf- keta's, and other infetfts, are moft incelfantly tormenting, even by night, as well as by day j the autumnal ieafon is of no long dura- tion : and, notwithftanding the great extremes of weather, and fe- vcrity of the winter months, it is an exceeding healthy climate, and agrees as well with ftrangers as with the natives, who are re- markable here for their longevity. In all the uplands, 1 obfervc the foil is thin and barren j and yet, what is very furprifing, they are covered with large timber trees of great HISTORICAL JOURNAL. greet length, and generally where there is not even an inch of mold, befides the fkin of mofly turf which covers the rock : the lowlands, however, and the marflies, which are very extenfive, afford a better profpedt, particularly round the bay of Fundy, and on the banks of rivers : and, though at prefent the grafs is every- where interfperfed with a cold fpungy mofs, yet the foil, if properly cultivated, might in the fpace of a few years produce good grain > and this I am inclined to believe from the excellent culinary and other roots, and vegetables of moll kinds, raifed by the inhabit? 'ts in their gardens ; particularly pumpioiis, which, though much . i- ferior to thofe raifed in New-England, are neverthelefs an excellent fuccedaneum to cabbage in the latter part of the winter. The French have raifed corn in many places, but I am told it 'vas fmall and ftirivelledj I know maze, or In.lian corn, will not arrive to perfection in the neighbourhood of Annapolis ; it grows tall and runs to feed, but will not ripen. I faw fome potatoes that were fown, after the Irifli manner, from excellent feed, and as good manure; yet they degenerated furprifingly, though it was a re- markable good feafon for that vegetable. Upon the whole, tho' unpromifing as this country feems to be, I have been in- formed by Gentlemen (who have feen more of it, and refided much longer here than I have done) that it is not uniformly bad, there being fome trads of land which will not (they fay) yield to any of the beft provinces to the fouthward *. The trees, which are to be met with in the forcfts of Acadia, are oak, both red and white iblack and white birch ; fome afli, but thefc are not very plentiful; maple and fpruce, or fprufs, with various other forts of fir and pine trees j alder, willow, black and white thorn ; beech, hazel, chefnut, apple, pear, plum, and cherry; they have moft kinds of fruit and Ihrubs, as we have in Engl.nd and many 241 J759- May. ii 4 1 ■■ f i * I muft obferve, thefe Gentlemen are old proprktors, and confequently not altogether impartial. Vol. I. It of n ■v^ 242 '750. Mav. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. of the latter j altogether unknown to us j the woods every-where abound with Arawberries, and a great clioice of other fpontaneous fruits, fome of which Europeans are well acquainted with ; others they are ftrangers to, and fuch we never prefume to meddle with : their timber trees, particularly the oak, fir, and maple, are of a moll gigantic fizc, feemingly fit for fliip and ether buildings ; the firing generally ufcd is wood and fome coals ; but, if ever the coun- try fhould be well inhabitted and fettled, in fuch manner as not to apprehend any enemy, they will find excellent coal-pits, with plenty of peat or turf. I have feen but few of the various animals which, we are told by hiftorians, infeft the woods of this province ; to fuch as came within my obfervation only I fliall therefore confine myfelf : bears are about the fize of a two years old calf (I have heard there are larger, but I write from my own knowledge, I have feen the fkins of fome as large as an ox or cow ; but I am inclined to think they came from the remote northern parts of Canada, from New- foundland, or elfewhere) they are of a rufly, black colour, and their hair long and thick ; they are feemingly a heavy beaft, yet their fwiftnefs, when purfued, is inconceivable ; their food is generally fruit, Indian corn, &c. and fometimes poultry, pigs, mice, 6cc. Hares are in great plenty, though much fmaller than in England, coming nearer to the fize of a rabbit j and, when the fnow fets in, they change from their natural colour to milk- white; this , how- ever is not peculiar to hares alone, there being, in this, and other northern countries, many animals, and birds, which become white in the winter. Having mentioned rabbits, I fliall only obferve, that I never faw cr heard of any wliile I was in America j and this I impute to the great variety of other animals that borough in thofe northern parts, and which may, perhaps, be noxious to them : they may, for aught I know, have them in the more fouthern provinces, but thefe I am a ftranger to. Foxes HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Foxes are of different colours j red, or fandy, as in England j grey and black i the firft of thefe are the moft common ; the laft arc very fcarce. I am told they likewife change to white in winter ; but I have feen them at that feafon, which only varied from thofe in Europe by having their feet, tips of their ears, muzzle, and the extremity of their tail, or brufh, of a fine black; — this I am very certain of, for we had them chained up as favourites, where I had frequent opportunities of examining them. Squirrels I have feen of various colours and fizes, which are very fweet to eat. The cat-a- mountain, or wild cat, called by the French enfant di diablct is an ugly fierce-looking animal, almoft as large as a middling Iheep, of a greyifh colour and very fliaggy. I have iVequently feen that fpecies of quadruped called a racoon*, it is about the fize of a well grown houfe-cat, and of the tyger kind, though its head has fome refemblance to that of a fox ; their fur is of a fandy colour, intermixed with white or grey hairs j their muzzle and paws are black, and, when tormented, they void their excrements, which are of the colour, fize, and fmell of mufk ; and at the fame time they make a hideous fcreaming noife ; thefe animals are genially caught in the hollowed trunk of an old tree, and arc (b obftinate when taken, that they cannot be prevailed on to eat any thing, but will live an inconceivable time on the juice of their own paws, which they fuck like a bear; their fur is fine, and pro- per for hats, though not of the fupcrfine kind : racoons, I am told, are frequently eaten, and in great eftimation, in New-England, roafted, and ferved up with cranberry or other fweet fauce; but I can in this fpeak from my own experience, for we had one drefled for our mefs, with a rich gravey fiuce, inftead of the other j the flefli of it was white and tender, not unlike kid meatj but it was ftrong, and of a difagreeable fifhy fiavour. ■SJw 1759- May. «j ? \mm- '^'^M' t '■^Ij-fl i ;: I1 * Called by the French, un pichou. This animal has, I am told, been flicwn in Erj- glatid for a jackall. I i 2 The iV^'^ 1 ■' ^ li m ' '. ^ 'sM 244 »759- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. The muik-rat is of a lead colour, and in all other refpeifls not un- like the large Norway rats in England, except its tail, which is partlv round, and, at the extremity, liice that of a weafel : its fur is Hiort, very fine, and fmells as ftrong as their excrement, which is equal in perfume to the genuine mufk ; their fliins are frequently uled (more particularly by the French, and thofc who like to imitate them) for linings of waiftcoats ; but to this practice I objedt, as they •are too ftrong, overcoming, and confequently unhealthful. Thel'e are all the four-legged animals I have had an opportunity of feeing, that deferve notice. The fowl and birds come next under confideration : the tame poultry bred in this country are much larger than that breed in Great Britain ufually are, though their fhape, plumage, and flavour are in all refpects the fame ; they have two kinds of partridge in great plenty, diftinguifhed by the fpruce, and the birch par- tridges, from their making the berries and tender tops of thofe trees their principal diet j the flefh and feathers of the former are dark, or blackifli brown ; are fine eating, but have a ftrong, yet agreeable, flavour of the tree on which they feed ; the flefh of the oth:r is as white as a chicken, its plumage much the fame as in England ; both kinds are much larger, and, I think, the birch par- tridges are preferable to any I ever met with elfewhere : they are very tame, are killed fitting, or running, like a hen, and often perched on the branch of a tree. Authors and travellers mention various kinds of wild ducks, as peculiar to this country ; I have only feen one fort, which do not differ from thofe in Europe j fnipes they have in great abundance, the fame as among us ; but I never faw or heard of a woodcock in thefe parts, the winters here being too fevere for them. There are birds in this province not unlike our blackbird, but of a deeper and more fliining colour -, they come in fmall flocks of ten or twelve, and perch upon trees j they make a wild, fhrill, chirping noife ■p. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. noife (not unlike what one hears from a nair of parroquets in a cage ;) their flefh is fo bitter, that they are not to be eaten ; I have heard feverul arguments about them ; fome called them blackbirds, others ilares (or ftarlings) but they differ from both thofe fpccies of birds in Europe. The robin redbreaft is in all refpevits the lame as in England, faving its fize, which is fomewhat larger than the thrufn; but I do not recoiled: that I ever faw any of tliem in the winter feafon, though I am told they have been caged as favourites, and will thrive and fing very melodioufly in a warm room. The owls of this country are a great curiofity, and make a moft venerable appearance ; they are of different fizes, and fome much darker than others : I faw one that had been flightly winged, and lived feveral weeks after; he was as large as a turkey-cock, his brcafl:, belly, and neck as white as fnow ; his head, body, and wings rather greyifh, with the finefl: pair of tranfparent eyes I ever faw in my life : he feemed to have no diflike to his confinement, feeding heartily upon raw meat. There is a fmall kind of birds, not larger than larks, and exadlly of their colour, that, for fome months of the fummer feafon, fly in large flocks -, after you have fired at them, fuch as have efcaped rife, hover about, and, by the time your fulil is again charged, they fimply give you another chance, by lighting on the ground very near you : towards autumn they difappear, and return again alfo in liights, when the fnow fets in ; for we are all agreed in that circumflance of their being the fimc fpecies } their winter plumage is in general white, interfpcrfed with brown ; and they have a flreak of that colour from the top of the head along the back down to the tail two feathers of which in the fame line arc alfo brown j in one feafon we call them fnow-birds, and, in the other, fmall-birds, not knowing their proper appellation : they are fat and delicious to eat at all times, and are termed ortolans by the French ; but this is a common epithet among them for all the leffer feathered race 245 »759- iMay. .:;'! , 1 I , .^? ^:. I : !'•■ ill >ji-: I? i' V'V'i M I i I >m.'. ; f'i ' hi J 4i 246 May. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. race that are eatable, and whofe real names they are unacquainted with *. The muiketa hawk the reader may remember to have {etn de- fcribed under the 31 ft of May, 1758. I have feen great variety of other two-legged animals in their flight ; but, as I had not an op- portunity of examining them particularly, I chufe to pafs them by in filence. The laft, and leaft of the feathered race, which remains for me to defcribe, is the humming-bird ; and it may juftly be efteemcd a miracle of nature, on account of its lingular diminutivenefs, beauty, and plumage : it is faid to be peculiar to America, but I am told they are larger, and have more variety of colours, in thii fouthcrn parts than here; what becomes of them in the winter we know not, except, according to the commonly received notion, they die or fleep, and revive again in the following year : we ufcd to kill them in the gardens about Midfummer, with the heads of pins, or find inftead of Hiotj and generally found them among flowers and fvveet herbs; they are about half the fize of a wren, and made exactly like a fnipe, with a long black bill, which is about the length and thicknefs of a fine ftocking-needle : the head and back are of a dark green, the wings yellow, the breaft pearl colour, and below that, towards the tail, of the colour of a lemon j the legs and claws, which fupport a pair of thighs of pale green, are alfo black and fliining like its bill j they fly exceedingly fvviit, and, by their buz- ini^, or humming noifc, are heard before they are feen, from thence called the humming-bird ; th2 males are diftinguilhed from the fe- males by a little tuft of various colours on the top of the head ; their eyes I cannot fpeak of, as all that I have feen were dead ; I am told they are remarkable for fine lucid eyes, and, in rtiort, I think, in point of beauty and variety, they may juftly be called the goldfinch of America. * Thcfe binJs are known in the northern parts of Scotland, by the name of fnow-Jleeis ; thjy come in flocks in the month of February, and retire in April. The HISTORICAL JOURNAL. The only curious infcdt I have feen in this country is the fire-fly (as it is called ;) it is about the fize of a common hive-bee, though of a brighter colour; and has a double fet of wings, of a delight- ful green, fpotted with gold j when they rife in the night (at which time they are molUy feen) they dart fuch a furprifing fplendor, as to appear, at a diftance, like a flafli in the pan of a firelock ; and this illumination has often been taken for lightning ; they are quite inoft'cnfive, having no fting : I have had many of them in my handsj but they never fliew to any advantage, except when they rife to fly, or fkip in the grafs. The grafshoppers are nu- merous, large, and beautiful, furpafllng any I ever faw before. The tormenting mufketa, which is not unlike the gnat, or midge, in Europe, though fomewhat larger, carries its fting in its head, and not in its tail, as bees, wafps, and fome other infects do ; they are fo inexpreflibly teizing, that I have known many people thrown into fevers by their virulence, and a perfon's head, face, and neck fo fwelled and inflamed, as not to have a feature diftin- guifliable ; for this caufe we always wore long linnen trowfers, with crape or green gauze nets fewed to our hats, which hung down loofe before and behind, with a running firing at the bot- tom, to gather it round the neck occafionally. There is a very di- minutive kind of black fly, which alfo flings mofl: intolerably j it is fcarce perceptible to the naked eye, and one would think it was a pupil to the muflceta, giving as little quarter wiierever he comes. All the rivers, bays, and harbours abound with fifli of every genus, exfanguious as well as fanguineous, and in the greatell pcr- fedtion ; the latter, that are in mofl: plenty with us, are bafs, froni eighteen to twenty-fix pounds weight; their flefli is firm and white as fnow, and in ail refpe6ts anfwers the fame purpofes of good fil- mon, in pickling, drying, frying, or boiling. Mackarcl as ia Europe, and gafperots, which are between the fizes of a mackarel and a herring, are full of fcales and bones j but eat, either frefli or ialted, broiled, fried, or pickled, as the lafli-mcntioned filh dots, and. 247 »759- May. I 'I ;s1 m > 248 »759- May. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. and have exadly the fame flavour. The fineft cod in thefe feas arc taken on the banks and coafls of this country ; arc even preferable to thofe of Newfoundland, though not altogether in fuch great plenty j and ling, alfo codlings, fardinias, fprats, eels, flukes, fmail turbots, &c. but thefe require no defcription. Oyfters we are ufually fupplicd with by the New-England traders, frefh and good ; they are neither large nor fniall -, many of their upper as well as under lliells (which is very uncommon) are concave, but this is not ge- neral ; and rough or rocky on the outfides ; they are well fla- voured, and the central part of the infide of the fliells, to which the core or firm part of the fifli ufually adheres, is as black as the reft is white ; towards the heel on the infide of each fliell are two little rows like teeth ; they are not long, but of a fine red colour like coral. Oyftcrs, no doubt," they have upon this coafl (with moft other kinds of teftaceous fifli) but I do not recoiled: that ever I faw any of them, nor indeed were we in the way of it, during our irkfome abode in the province. I cannot difmifs my remarks on Nova Scotia, without obferv- ing, that the fogs, which are almoft perpetual here, and farther to the eaft\Aard, are certainly to be attributed to the fwamps, bogs, lakes, creeks, and innumerable rivers, great and fmall, that inter- fedt the country every- where ; and to which I may add the im- menfe tradls of rude, uncultivated forefts. Some people hnvc adopted a difl'crent opinion, imputing them rather to the ftcamy breath of the vaft quantities of fifli and fca animals wherewith tliefe coafls and waters abound; but, however favourable appear- ances may be to thefe lafl fentiments, on account of the remark- able healthinefs of the climate, I muft take the liberty to dilfer from them, becaufe I rather afcribe the great falubrity of tlie air to the myriads of venomous reptiles and infedls that abforb the noxious vapours, and purify thofe mifty exhalations, which might otherwife naturally be fuppofed to be offenfive and unwholefome, when arifing from fwampy grounds, or ftagnated waters, &c. and this, if 1 am not !l V'l' HISTORICAL JOURNAL. not mldaken, is the prevailing opinion in other countries where they are fubjedt to fogs, and the lands are low and fenny."* The principal fortreffes have been already defcribed : the befl of them is only calculated againd an Indian enemy, and that of An- napolis Royal, I have been lately -f* aiTured, lies intirely neglected ; fo that the works, being conflrudted of a loofe, fandy foil, are coii- fequently mouldering away to ruin. However, I am credibly in- formed the country, fince the peace, has affumed a different arpc •I ^ .'y I M- |: .-^y, ! * The inhabitants of Jcrfcy, in the Britifh channel, impute the heaUhfulnefs of their ifland to the infinite numbers of toads, lizards, and fnakes with which that very agreeable miniature dominion abound:> : and, in a great meafure, to the fame caufes mny doubtlcfs be attributed the poflibility of Europeans being able to live in the Eaft and Weft In- dies, coaft of Guinea, and other pernicious climates. t By lately, is mc«nt in the year 1768. ,., Vol. I. K k that ' :il: < ,5 11 1:' li P It f ' [i: % 250 1759- M.iy. J jth. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. that the inhabitants may approve themfdves, to lateft poftcrity, « loyal, induftrious, grateful people : and thus I heartily bid it adieu. Sailing orders by Mr. Cobb, Commander of his Majcfty's province floop York. *' Signals to be obfcrvcd. '* For unmooring, I will loofe the head of my jib, and fire one *• gun.— For weighing, I will loofe my main-fail, and fire two '• guns. — When the fleet anchor, they are to take a reafonable " diftance for their fecurity, as they (hall anfwer the contrary.— *• For anchoring in the day, my jack on the enfign's ftafF. — For ♦* anchoring in the night, two lanterns on my enfign's ftafi^, and ** fire one gun. *' No veflel is to go a-head except in bad weather, or to clear a " head of land, fhoals or banks. In cafe of fpringing a leak or " any other difafter that may difable your fliip from keeping com- •* pany, you are to fire a gun, or a volley of fmall arms, which I " /ball anfwer with three guns j if not, the fignal to be repeated ** until anfwered. In cafe of fogs, I will fire two guns every two " hours ; for tacking, one gun. Upon my difcovering any danger, *• I will fire five guns, the whole to tack. If an enemy, my en- •* fign under my pendant. If I want to fpeak with the Mafter, *• I will hoift my jack under my pendant. If any veflel fhould fe- •' parate from the fleet, and join again, when hailed, is to call /* out BurUn, and be anfwered yames. — Should any veflel want a Surgeon, they are to hoift their jack half-maft high. The whole to keep company, if poflible ; but, in cafe of reparation, to make the beft of their wdy to Louift)ourg. *• Given on board the floop York, May 13* 1759. " John Silvefter Cobb. '* To Capt. G. of the Succefs floop." Soon << •4t tt loon HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Soon after thcfe orders were circulated, the fignals were made, and at noon we failed with a fair wind and moderate weather ; we were faluted by the fort with nineteen guns j alfo by the York floop and Monckton fchooner, who difchargcd eleven guns each ; and, by a private agreement among the foldiers of each rtiip, they gave three cheers, expreflive of their joy at being rcleafed from their tedious and flavifli exile ; thanking God they were at laft going to join the army. This was a furprife upon us, for the O/iicers were not in the fccret ; and, though it likewite afforded us the highcft f.itisfadlion, our pleafure was doubly incrcafed by feeing our poor fellows in fuch good fpirits going on immediate fervice. Between five and fix P. M. came up to, and fpokc with, the mifllng tronf- port, with provincials, bound to fort Cumberland. An unfavourable wind ; we did nothing but tack this whole day, between the entrance of Annapolis and the north Ihore : the fleet all in fight; towards evening the wind frclhened. Blew hard at S. W. with a very angry fca, which^Litirely fepa- rated our fleet ; we could not keep our courfe, bore away for Pafl- magnadie Head (alias Pallamaquoddy) which is about eighteen leagues N. W. of the entrance of Annapolis, and came to an an- chor in Havre le Tems bay j were pilotted in here by our Mate, who, about four years ago, with his fliip and crew, were furpriled and made prifoners, by twenty-four Indians, in eight birch canoes ] this intelligence fet us on the watch, and we therefore mounted a guard in the evening upon deck, confiding of a Serjeant, Corporal, and eighteen men. There are many iflands, bays, and harbours here, fituated on the back of the river St. Croix, upon the weftern fide of the bay of Fundy j this is a very fine harbour and good an- chorage i a large fleet mig>«i ride here in great fafety, the land high all round, and covered with dark, thick woods, mofily fpruce and pine : the pilot faid, as we had troops on board, and nothing to apprehend, he would bring us to an anchor in the fame place, hoping the enemy would come again, that he might be revenged K k 2 of 251 •759- May. 14.1I1. 15th. i* 1 I 1\ i ; Ij i^ * I i'l I ■ 11 1 if, m 1 - ' \n- 252 J759- May. 1 6th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. of them ; accordingly we anchored off a point of land which runs iato the bafon, forming a pemnfula, at the diftance of about eighty yards, and with a view of decoying the Vermin to vifit us ; we kept our men filent, and none were fuffercd to be upon deck ex- cept the guard, who were obliged to fit down under cover of the fliip's waift : the pcninfula is covered with pine and under-wood, Co dark as to be almofl: mipenetrable ; we caught great plenty of fifli in this harbour, and we think they are the beft we have yet feen in this country. The Officers fat up laft night, to oblige the guard to be alert ; and gave orders to keep a good look-out upon the water on every fide, and not to fire if they faw any canoe approach, until they fliould come within eight or ten yards of the floop, and then to pour in upon them ; in the mean time the Corporal was to have apprized us quietly of the firft difcovery, or noife on the water; the reft of our detachment (being two companies) were in readi- nefs below. We were not a little mortified that the favages did liii not attempt to furprife us, as we hoped to have ftruck an un- expected coup d'ec/ai upon our quitting this province. Fine weather, and warmer than for fome days part, wind un- favourable. About two o'clock, P. M. it was a perfeft calm ; this feamen look upon as a prelude to a fair wind, which encouraged us to weigh anchor, and work out ; for this purpofe our boat took us in tew. The entrance to the harbour being narrow (not exceed- ing fixty or feventy yards) and the channel running clofe to the peninfula, left the enemy fliould give us a fire from the dark cover on that point of land, (a fcheme which our mate fays they medi- tated againft him and his floop, the day before they furprifed and took him) the men were ordered under hatches, except twenty, who flayed with the Officers upon deck, with their arms prefented, in readinefs to return the fire inftantly ; — in this fituation we were for near half an hour, and, though nothing extraordinary happened, the precTution was neverthelefs neceflary.— About four o'clock we cleared ^> HISTORICAL JOURNAL. cleared the iflands, called the Wolves : wind W. S. W. at feven, we had a fine breeze at N. E. doubled the Grand Manaan ifland, bearing S. W. and by W. of our courfe; between eight and nine, the wind {hifted a-head of us, and then died away. Wind variable, near to a calm, with hazy weather : what we gain by one tide we almoft lofe by the next : at noon the S. E. end of Grand Manaan bore N. W. diftant four leagues; at two o'clock P. M. got clofc in with that ifland, which is covered moftly with pine and under-wood, and is furrounded by many fmaller iflands : this is the grand rendezvous of the Indians of Nova Scotia, in their hunting and fifhing feafons ; we were not a muiket (hot from the fliore, which is very bold. At feven this evening heavy fqualls, wind variable, but chiefly W. N. W. at ten, a calm with fome rain. We toflTed and rolled moft immoderately all laft night, being be- calmed in a fwelling fea j dark weather with fome rain. At two A. M. made the land to the W. of Little Pafl^age j at four, made Grand PaflTage, bearing S. S. W. about three leagues j at eight, the S. W. end of Long lUand bore N. E. at two leagues diftance j at ten, A. M. Cape St. Mary, E. N. E. about five leagues ; at noon. Long Ifland, N. E. about fix leagues. Weather extremely wet, with a thick fog. Our veflTel makes fuch little way, that we take great plenty of fifh : I caught a hallibut to-day; it weighed almoft one hundred weight, was fifty-fix inches long, by twenty in breadth, at the broadeft part, and from fin to fin ; I was obliged to have the afliftance of two men to pull it up, over our floop's ftern ; and, I think, I never faw or eat a better or firmer filh : [This fifli is fo well known in Europe, that it does not require a partifrular defcrip- tion here.] We had calm weather all laft night, with fliowers of rain ; lay to this forenoon ; foggy, but moderate ; from noon until two o'clock, heavy rain with thunder and lightning ; Cape Sable bears E. N. E. At two P. M. made fail with a fair wind and frefh ; it rained all the remainder 253 1759' May. m 17th. rj,/' :,fl. ill 1 8th. 191b. ' ,1' 1759- May. 20th. 22d. 23J. 24th. m- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. remainder of the afternoon, wind S. by W. at eight, faw the Seal Iflands, bearing E. S. E. not above a mile's diftance : founded in ten fathom water, the bottom fand and fhells. Stood oiF and on all night, the wind variable, with conftant rain and a thick fog. At fix A. M. faw the Seal Iflands at three leagues diftance, N. E. and by N. — at eight, fpoke with a fifliing fchooner from Newfound- land ; were for feveral hours moft difagreeably rolled and tofled in a mountainous fwell, called theRacehorfe; at ten. Cape Sable, N.N. W. about four leagues j about eleven, the weather cleared up, ws had pleafant fun-fliine, and got into fmoother water : came up with fcvej-al filhing vefl'els from Newfoundland ; at noon. Cape Negro, N. E. by E. at three leagues, wind fouth-weftj at ftven P. M. fpoke with the Defire tranfport of our fleet; flie could not give us any account of the reft of our fliips. — A vefl'el in fight, but at a great diftance a-ftern. We dcfcried a fleet of twelve fail a-ftern of us j they feem to keep our courfe, and many other fliips a-head of us : they appear to be top-fails. Weather moderate thefe two days, and pleafant failing. This evening blows frefli with a tumbling fea > wind very un- certain. The fleet we faw yefterday, with many other veflels, are in fight to-day : fine weather, but blows frefli oft* the land, with a great fwelling fea, wind at N. N. W. — Cape Whitehead, a remarkable land, bears N. N. E. diftance about three leagues. At three, P. M. made the ftraits of Canfcau ; and a prodigious fea runs through here with a furprifing velocity. At four came up with part of the New- York fleet, under convoy of the Diana frigate. She gave chace to a fiiow oft' the ilraits. Towards evening the weather more moderate : fpoke with another fail of our fquadron. Came up with feveral iflands and floats of ice, and faw many more to leeward ; they relembled low land and ledges covered with fnow. At eight, A.M. opened Gabarus Bay ; the weather raw and cold ; mo- derate breezes with gloomy air. — At ten o'clock, opened the ruins of the HISTORICAL JOURNAL. die late grand Battery j — failed in clofe by the Light-houfe Point j a bold fliorc, entrance narrow. Paffed-by moft of our capital fiiips, and, about eleven, a. m. came to an anchor under the walls of Louif- bourg, where we had the pleafure to find the remainder of the bay of Fundy fquadron,. except * the rangers, who are hourly expedted. We fee troops here rcimbarking, who landed for exercife. In the evening a French * prize was brought in of two hundred and fifty tons burthen : Ihe was taken by Admiral Durel's fquadron, who are gone up the river St. Lawrence to intercept fuccours j was bound to Que- bec J had one hundred and twenty foldiers and failors on board, with a great quantity of ammunition and Aores. This prize belonged to a fleet of tranlports under convoy of four frigates, who failed together from Breft, and had feparated off the land. The following orders, which were publlflied by their Excellencies Admiral Saunders and Major-General Wolfe, preparatory to the expe- dition intended againft Quebec, I have, upon our arrival here, obtained authentic copies of, and ihall infert them under their refpedtivc dates. *' Orders by Major General Wolfe, Halifax, May 4, 1759. " His Majefty has been pleafed to appoint the Generals and Ofiicers " to ferve in the army commanded by Major-General WoHe, the Ho- ♦* nourable Brigadier-General Monckton, the Honourable Brigadier- " General Townfhend, the Honourable Brigadier General-Murray j " — Colonel Carlton, Quartcr-Mafter-General j — Major Barre, Adju- *' tant-General; — Captain Guillem, Captain Spittall, and the Ho- " nourable Captain Maitland, Majors of Brigade j — Captain Smith, " of the 1 5th regiment, and Captain Bell, to be Aids de Camp ; — " Captain Caldwel and Captain Leflie to be Affiftants to the Quarter- r*'"' mm ^5S 1759- May. I- * A prize taken from an enemy is always diftinguiflied by the vii^or'^s colours being hoifted on her enfign's ftaff, and thofe of the capture under them. This circumitancc, though trivial, Tome of my readers are unacquainted with. *« Maftcr ' f I 5 if ri Hi May <( 256 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. >7S9- « Mafter-General ; —Major M'Kellar, Sub-direftor and Chief Eii* gineer, &c. &c. &c. The ten regiments for this fcrvice in three Brigades, vir. FIRST BRIGADE. " Brigadier-General Monckton. ** Major of Brigade, Spittall. 1 Amherft's, 15th. Kennedy's, 43d. * Anftruther's, 58th. Frafer's, 78th. SECOND BRIGADE. ** Brigadier-General Townfliend. " Major of Brigade, Guillem. (I Bragg's, 28th. Lafcelles's, 47th. Monckton's, 60th. THIRD BRIGADE. « Brigadier-General Murray ^ W^^'; X' ** Major of Brigade, Maitland. i . t „ • ^ .u •' . . J -f Lawrence s, 60th. '* The three companiers of grenadiers taken from the garrifon o£ ** Louisbourg, viz. from the 22d, 40th, and 45th, are commanded " by Lieutenant-Colonel Murray ; the three companies of light in- ♦* fantry, viz. one % from the garrifon of Louiftjourg, the two others " to be formed from the army, and are to be commanded by *' Major Dalling i the fix companies of rangers are to be com- " manded by Major Scot ; thefe three corps do not incamp in the • This difpofuion afterwarJs underwent an alteration, the 48th being removed to the firfl brigade, and the fStli to the third, in their room. f Moncicton's the 2d battalion, and Lawrence's the 3d battalion of tke 60th or Royal Americans. % Governor Whitmore did not think proper to fpare that company of light infantry from his garrifon. «* line. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 2$7 " line. The two companies of light infantry, commanded by Cap- A7S9* ** tains E»elaune and Cardin, are to be formed from the light infan- " try of every regiment and battalion, by detachments of well- " chofen men, in proportion to the ftrength of the corps, every re- *' gimcnt furnifliing one Subaltern Officer and one Serjeant. *' Order of incampment of the army in one line : " 28th; 60th; 47th; 58th; 60th; 35thi 43d; 78th; 48thj i5thi *• Second Brigade. Third Brigade. Firft Brigade. " Bragg's, Lafcelles's, Ot way's, Lawrence's, Amherft's, Kennedy's " Monckton's. Anftruther's. Webb's, Frafer's. " Br. Gcn.Towndiend. — Br. Gen. Murray. — Br. Gen. Monckton. J,. .';i '' Order of battle in two lines, fix battalions in the firfl: line, *' four in the fecond : 48th ; 3d B. 60th i 35th; 43d; 58th i i5thi Br. Gen. Murray! Br. Gen. Monckton. to 3 o -£ > o >- ►J = o -J .- t) o Brigadier-Gen ;ral Townfliend. 47th ; 2d B. 60th. 78th ; 28th. Mnjor Dalling. Light Infantry. Vol. L Rangers under Mnjor Scot. LI c 9 3 n a- 3 ft 63 -■ o- "1 — ~ n> O r» 3 r- ■ 6 Hon. Col. Howe, Li^ht Inl'ii antry. The !.Ui 'I I ^ ;r i^ 258 1759- iVluy f< <( (( t< C( HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Tlie detachments of the army will be generally made by bat- talions, —-companies of grenadiers, —picquets, or companies of light infantry. The picquets of the regiments fliall be in propor- tion to the ftrength of the corps, but always to be commanded by a Captain. If the General thinks proper to order intrench- ments to be thrown up in the front or rear of the army, the corps are to fortify their own ports. As the fleet fails from Louifbourg in three divifions, ** The firft brigade is the White diviiion j The lecond brigade is the Red diviiion j The third brigade is the Blue divifion. The grenadiers of Louifbourg and the rangers will be appointed to one or either of thofe divilions. — If the regiments here have time to put a quantity of ijjruce beer into their tranfports, it would be of great ufe to the men. Weak and fickly people are not to em- bark with their regiments j meafures will be taken to bring thors men to the army, as foon as they are properly recovered.' " Halifax, May 7, 1759. ** Major General Wolfe will fill up all the vacancies in the army, as foon as he receives General Amherft's Orders. A proportion of tools will be delivered out to every regiment : the corps are to re- ceive thirty-fix rounds of ammunition, fome loofe ball, and three flints, per man. Cafks of ammunition will be put on board fmall veflels, ready to be diftributed, if wanted. As the navigation of the river St. Lawrence may in fome places be diflicult, the troops are to be as careful as poflible in working their rtiips, obedient to the Admiial's commands, and attentive to all his fignaltj : no boats are to be hoifted out at fea, but on the moft urgent occaficns. " Halifax, May 9, 1759. *• After the troops are embarked, the Comniandinr* Oflicers will " give all necvfTary diredions for the prefervation c f the health of *' their men r guards muft mount in every fliip to Keep ftrift order, *' and ) each di- " vifion to have a Commanding Officer, and to be diftinguifhcd by " diflferent colours, as follows : The White divifion. " Tho Commanding Officer to wear a White broad pendant, and *' all the tianfports in his divifion to wear White vanes. The Red divifion. " Myfclf in the Neptune ; all the tranfports of that divifion to wear ** Red vanes : but, whenever I think proper to leave that divifion, fome *' of his Majefty's fliips v/ill hoift a Red broad pendant, and then all " the tranfports of the Red divifion are to follow him, and obey his " fignals. The Blue divifion. " The Commanding Officer to wear a Blue broad pendant, and all •* the tranfports in his divifion to wear Blue vanes, " When tlie fignal is made for the headmoft and weathermoft fhips *' to tack fiifl, the divifion, that is a-head when the fignal is made, " is to put about and continue lo lead on the other tack : but, when I " make the fignal for the fternmoft and leewardmofi: to tack firft, or " for the whole fleet to tack together, the divifion, that was ftern- " mofl before the fignid was made, is to keep a-head upon the other •' tack, and that which was the headmoll is to keep a-fiern. ♦* Note, When I am in the river failing among banks and " fanJ^., I Ihall find it ueccfiary to place fmall vellels at an anchor in ** fhoal water, to point out tlie channel ; you are therefore in going *' up the river, to keep all fuch vcfiels as wear Red flags upon your " ftarboard bow ; and all fuch as wrar White ones on your larboard ** how, ** Additional HISTORICAL JOURNAL. « Additional Signals in a fog. I. *« When failing large or before the wind, if I would alter the courfc ** to Starboard, I will fire fevcn guns ; and, if to Port, nine guns, «* and, four minutes afterwards, a gun each half minute, for as many •' points as I would have the courfe altered ; fo that, if only one gun is «* fired, one point only is altered to Starboard, or Port. II. ** When failing upon a wind, if I think proper to pay away large, •' I will fire ten guns, and four minutes after a gun each half minute, *' for as many poinf of the compafs as I Ihall go from the wind. " Note, In the night the Commanding OtHcer of each divi- " fion is to carry a light on his poop, and another in his main top. *• Before I make the fignal for the fleet to anchor, I (liall fend fome *' fmall vefTels a-hcad, who are to anchor firft in three different fla- " tions, wherein it may be mod convenient for the three divifions to *' anchor; — which veffels flrall, when at anchor, wear the following '* jacks at their mafl-heads, viz. *• The headmoft or innermoft, an Englifh jack. " The middlemoft, a French jack. " The fternmofl or outermoft, a Dutch jack. ** The divifion, that is headmoft when I make the fignal to anchor, " fliall fail up to the headmoft or innermoft of the faid veffeh, and " the Commander of that divilion Ihall anchor as clofe to the faid " veffel as may be : and all the fhips of his divifion are to anchor as ** nearly about him as they conveniently can. ** The center divifion is to anchor in like manner, where the mid • " dlemoft of the faid three veffels is at an anchor : And •' The fternmoft divifion in like manner, where the fternmoft " or outermoft of the faid three veffels is at an anchor. *' As the regular and orderly failing of the fleet, particularly in the •' gulph and river of St. Lawence^is of the utmoft confequence to his " Majcfty's 261 May. 1 ; 1 ! 1 ■1 .r I,- 1 ■ m 1 ■ 1 i 1 i •(' ::l Vim in- t't r < 262 May. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. " Majcfty's fervice, the Mafler of every tranfport is hereby ftrldlly in- ** joinod look out for, and pundiially to obey, all fuch fignals as fliall *' be made by the Commanding Officer of tiie divifion he belongs to : ♦' and, in cafe of negleift in any one, the Captains of his Majefty's (hips " ate direded to compc- them to a ftrider obfervancc of their duty " by firing (hot at them, and to give me an account thereof, which I " fliall tranfmit to the Navy board, in order to their charging the " fame againfl the hire oi thole vefTels, for whofe negled his Maje(ty's " (lores are fo unnece(rarily expended. ** You are not to hoift out a boat at fea, unlefs to fpealc with nic, " or the Commanding Ofllcer of your divilion, or upon fome molt *' necefTary fervice : and you are hereby ftridly forbid to let your boat *' go on board any other fl>ip at fea, either upon your own or any " other perfon's private occafions. ■ " Whenever you would fpeak with the Commanding Officer ** of your diviiion, you are to hoift a jack at your fore-top-mart; " flirouds. ** If by accident any tranfport fliould run a(hore in the night- *' time, or in a fog, and remain there unobferved by the fleet, the " people are to make three diftindl fires in the night, and three di- ** ftindl fmokes in the day j by which they will be difcovered by fuch " fliips or vefTels as will be fent to look after them. *' And, if you fliould at any time difcover that any fliip or ** tranfport is mifling from the divifion you belong to, you are ini- *' mediately to acquaint the Commanding Officer therewith. ** Given under my band on board his '' To Mr.Thomas K — h ** Majefty's ihip Neptune in Louin)ourg " Majier oj the tranf- " harbour this 15th of May, 1759. *^ port Good'ivill. ** Charles Saunders. ♦' By command of his Excellency the Admiral, " Samuel More." Additional C C o -a < ^M.m^ nis vi c to ; « E o Jj ~ r" .H — . a> S ^ fj n n ij '^ iu -^u <5 r= S 2 ^ C O 3 c: 13 >sc: a •z I, J3 O 3 -c ^ Lj ■^-s •^ ^ iJ-I ,:^ O C C 3 r: fl-^EelsS-l « 2 ilci^?22^.^|2-,-?^B |„^ i.ijE ■5 S.^^ •>-^ =',2 c e c ♦^ ^ .2 T3 -O u u _ «-< 4Ht '3 c« -a 2 "o "o .5 = ^= ii o 2 3 c 2 2 c o .5 c j3 M" en r« C I— c c c c g. "^ "O r2 ^ ^= 5 i2 i2 <« •2 ;5 •> ^2 - - 5 ' "^ .2 "-= o o ^1 3 3 -:3 O -T3 -n IJ 1) «J "O 5 c .ti J= 3 a i^ £ «-i -o §.,§, 2 2'' "• L- u- -; •£ Ic W i; L, ii :i .ti ;* 3 •- - w >:5 aeaq^^-5^H;::;-?:^a5QC;^5^^^t3S c.l* 4iOrjU''4.*4*,04J*^4.*OWWCja*^*^**0 1W i.ri4,«.^>W'««lWS C 3 C *>* 00 3 3 C . E < E < •0 JB (J rj 3 M 759- ie ^rt ■^ c r > 00 Jilt 2-^ - Q S. 3 c :=: vi2 c o:; C5 I. -f s'^ o " 2 -.0 — q: — 3 >« «« t« Pd IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. 1.0 I.I IM 1^ |2.5 12.2 1.25 1 1.4 1.6 < 6" - ► 7i ^ ^ / '/ M Hiotographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 i I I/. h \ \ ^1^ • M ■ m. m W m m H^ii sM im n'' 266 May. 4< HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ♦'SIGNALS for the Land Forces. " When I would fpcak with any of the Officers under-mentioned belonging to the trooji^, I will make the following fignals, viz. For all land General Oflicers,- Majors All Adji All Qiia *' And for the Commanding Officers of the fcveral regiments, &c. as follows : Main | Top -gall ant- mafl '' ' id. id General Officers, ■> '^^ r Main ITop-galla ■ft of Brigade, (.^ -S 3 ^"^^ J ^'^'^' djutants \ il *^ 1 Main 1^ ^ aarter-Maftcrs, 3 cn H X w > ** Commiflary of Provifion'S, w&ite with a red crofs at the Mizen " Peek» ** Dated on board his Majefty's fhip ** Neptune, May 15th, Louifbourg harbour, " Charles Saunders,'* By Command of the Admiral, S. M. •♦SIGNALS 1 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ** SIGNALS for Landing. Flags to be hoifted. Blue and yellow 1 chequered J Red and white chequered Red and white ( ilriped | A Di^itch flag Places where. Main top mail head Main top- mafl head Mizeu (lirouds Mizen (hrouds Mizen fhrouds 3 o Significations. Yellow & white (jMizen ftriped ( flirouds For the troops to prepare to land. For the troops, &c. to land. rFor the Malters of all the tranl- 1 ports in the fleet, that have troops 1 on board, to go on board the Ad- Lmiral. rFor the Malters of all the tranf- ■) ports in tlie red divifion, 6cc. to I- go on board the Admiral. For the Mailers of all the tranf- ports in the white divifion, that have troops on board, to go on board the Admiral. For the Mailers, &c. of the blue divifion &c. 6cc. to go on board the Admiral. *' O R D E R S to the Mailers of Tranfports at Louilbourg. *• You are hereby required and dire- : \^iX U m m 270 1759- May. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ** before they fail, as any fiipply hereafter will be very uncertain. ** The 43d regiment to get their mufter-rolls ready; that regiment ** is to furnifli twenty light infantry, to complete Captain Dc ** Laune's company." Weather dark and foggy, with raw, cold air ; it was tolerably plcafant in the morning, when I went on Ihore to vifit this famous Dunkirk of thofe parts : and ohfcrved, that, in walking on the pa- rade, it turned gloomy all on a fuddcn, and, in the fhort fpacc of two or three minutes, there cajne on fo heavy a iog^ that a perf>n could not know his moll intimate acquaintance at the dillance of a very few yards; this exceeded any thing of the kind I ever i\i\v to tlie vveihvard in Nova Scotia. I flattered myfelf I fliould have iccn the grenadier companies of this garrifon reviewed by General Wolfe, but it was over before I could get there ; I was told they went thror^« all their manoeuvres and evolutions with great exadt- ncfs and fpirit, according to a new fyftem of difcipline; and his Excellency was highly pleafcd with their performance. Some Commanding OtTicers of corps, wlio expedled to be alfo reviewed in their turn, tolJ the General, by way of apology, that, by their regiments having been long cantoned, they had it not in their power to learn or pradife this new exercifc : to which he anfwered, — ' Poh ! poll ! — new excrcife — new fiddlellick ; if they are otherwifc * well difciplined and will fight, that's all 1 ihall require of them.' . ■: i •,•*■■ WBt 1 '' ' '' I W' m ' Sh iM'* ' " O R I) E R S. ■2\yh. " The regiments are to give in, as foon as poffible, monthly rc- ** turns to the 24th of May. As the Ad'utants are employed every *' morning at excrcife with their regiments, the orderly hour, for '' tiic future, is to be at one o'clock." Every perfon fecms chearfully bufy here in preparing for the ex- pedition. Dark weather with a fog; at the middle of the day fell fome ^fiijiiifl pi lly re- eve ry Ir, for le ex- y fell fome HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ibme rain j continued wet and very cold for the remainder. Tlie linall vefiels being wanted for the rangers and other light troops, fuch regiments as arrived here in (loops and fchooners are put on board of large Englilh tranfportsj the velTel in which I took my pafllige fell down to the north-cail harbour, and our detachment, with their baggage, were removed on board the Good-will tranf- port, being a cat of three hundred and forty tons : this was a moil agreeable exchange, being in all reipedls better accommodated, than we could polTibly be in the fmall craft of New-England ; our poor foldiers have alio benefitted, as all the articles of provifions in their new quarters are much better than thofe they have been lately ufed to, and they are now fupplied with excelL^nt fhip-beer, to which they have been for a long time Grangers. "ORDERS. ** The three Louifbourg companies of grenadiers, and the gre- " nadier companies of the regiments arrived, with the light in- " fantry of the whole, are to parade, to-morrow morning at nine ** o'clock, on the Hill behind the Grand Battery." Foggy weather to-day, with a great quantity of ice in the har- bour; the Ifland Battery fires a fog-gun every quarter of an hour, for the guidance of (hipping in the bay. Colonel James having re- prefented to the General, that the Officers of the 43d regirent were not all fupplied with light arms; and that hitherto tht^ ?• id been neceflitated to carry common firelocks, when detached upon duty, which were heavy and inconvenient : his Excellency was pleafed to order, that the regiment Ihould be immediately pro- vided with French fufils, and other light arms from the magazines. "ORDERS. " When the troops are fixed in tranfports for the voyage, every " regiment and corps muft give in a return of their flat-bottomed •^* boats. 27r 1/59' May. 27lh;, 29th. Iff I "ii May. 30ih. 3ift. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. *♦ boats, whale-boats, and cutters, all which are provided by the ** Government, independent of the tranfport boats i the regiments *' and corps may be provided with fifh lines and hooks, by apply, ** ing to Captain Leflie, Affiftant Deputy Quarter-Mailer- General, •' to-morrow morning." The fog is fo inconceivably thick, and the harbour at the fame time fo choked up with ice, that it is with the greateft difficulty a boat can put a-rtiore, or pafs from one fliip to another; provifions are immoderately dear in this place j beef and mutton from twelve to fifteen pence per pound. The fleet from Halifax, with the re- mainder of the troops and rangers from Nova Scotia, are all ar- rived : they have been off the land for fome days puft, and could not get in Iboner, being obftrudled by wind, weather, and a fur- prifing quantity of ice in the bay. Some French and Indians were heard to-day in the woods by fome Carpenters who were fent out to fell trees ; a detachment of light troops was inftantly fent in purfuit of them : two prizes were lately taken by Admiral Durell's fquadron in the river St. Law- rence ; they had eighteen hundred barrels of powder, and other warlike ftores on board, bound to Quebec. *' O R D E R S. «' A detachment of Artillery, equal to that which went from Halifax with Admiral Durell's fquadron, is to be left here out of the three companies intended for the expedition, to be fent by the firll convenient opportunity for Halifax. A Subaltern OtHcer and a Serjeant ihall be left with the fick, which are to be taken out of the hofpital (hip, and brought to town; the 15th regiment for this duty. — To prevent the fpreading of diftempers in the tranfports, the hofpital fliip (hall receive any men that may fall lick on the voyage. When the troops receive frefli pro- vifions, they arc not at the fame time to demand any fait. " As << «( ** (( (X HISTORICAF. JOURNAL. * As the cutters and whale-boats arc meant for the fervice of the * army, thfcy arc not to be given to any of the men of war, with- * out an order in writing from the Admiral j complaints having ' been made that the tranfports' boats are often detained by the * Officers who come a-(hore, fo that the Mailers cannot get their ' Ihips properly watered, the General infills upon the Officers pay- * ing the ftrideft obedience to the orders of the Admiral on tint * head. The regiments are to lend in returns of all the'r fpar^- ' camp-equipage to the Brigade-Major of the day to-morrow, nt * orderly time. The following order for the drefs of the light in- * fantry, as approved of by his Excellency General Amhcrfl: Ma- * jor-General Wolfe defires the fame may be exa.!:lly conformed to * by the light troops under his command : the lleeves of the coat * are put on the waiilcoat, and, inllead of coat-fleeves, he has two * wings like the grenadiers, but fuller j and a round flopc reaching * about half-way down his arm; which makes his coat of no in- * cumbrance to him, but can be flipt off with pleafurej he has * no lace, but the lapels remain : belides the ufual pockets, he * has two, not quite fo high as his breafl:, made of leather, for ball * and flints ; and a flap of red cloth on the inlide, which fecures the * ball from rolling out, if he fliould fall. His knapfack is carried * very high between his flioulders, and is faftened with a Urap of * web over his flioulder, as the Indians carry their pack. His car- ' touch-box hangs under his ami on the left fide, {l\ing with a lea- ' thera ftrap j and his horn under the other arm on the right, hang- * ing by a narrower web than that ufed for his knapfack ; his can- ' teen down liis back, under his knapfack, and covered with cloth ; ' he has a rough cafe for his tomahock, with a button ; and it ' hangs in a leathern fling down his lide, like a hanger, between 'his coat and waiftcoat. No bayonet *j his leggins have leathern ' ftraps under his Ihoes, like fpatterdaflies ; his hat is made into a ' cap, with a flap and a button, and with as much black cloth * General Wolfe ordercJ the light infantry to wear their bayontts. Vol. I. N n (( added 273 1759- Mav. r ', k ', " that rhe flat-bottomed boats be wafhed every day, to prevent their *' leaking. An orderly Serjeant is to attend Major M'Kellar. " The Admiral will order the Nightingale man of war into Louif- •* bourg to receive fixty invalids j theie men are to be landed ; " their fubliftence and clearances to be paid to the Town-Adjutant *♦ for them : the Nightingale will likewife take the two Officers of " artillery. The regiments are to receive provifions for no more " than three women per company of feventy men, and four women " per company of one hundred men each j Monckton's, Bragg's, " Otway's, Webb's, Kennedy's, and Lafcelles's, to give a bat-man " each to the Engineers. The following regiments to receive frefli " provifions this afternoon,— Otway's, at four o'clock ; Amherft's, " at half an hour after; Anftruther's, at five ; Monckton's, at half " an hour after j and Lawrence's, at h:i o'clock. Thofe regiments, " that want camp-equipage, are to fend to Captain Lellie, Afliftant '* Deputy Quarter-Mafter- General, this afternoon at fix, to receive " their proportions of what has been given into his care. The regi- *• ments, that want tents, are to fend, to-morrow morning at fix •• o'clock, for one hundred and forty tents each, to the Fair American " tranfport, lying near Port Frederic." I have been feveral times on ihore, fince my arrival, to view the defences of the town and citadel of Louiltbourg j alfo the grand bat- tery, the illand, light-houfe point, and the bay where the army landed laft year > but as all thefe have been particularly defcribed by other writers, fo as to be rendered univerfally known i and as that once fa- mous and formidable fortrefs has been fince difmantled, I hope I may be excufed faying any thing on the fubjed: from my own perlbnal obfervations. •• Frefh provifions to be delivered to all the regiments and corps ** to-morrovsr morning at five o'clock at Point Rochfort. The Qnar- " ter-Mafters of Amherft's, Anftruther's, and Lawrence's regiments, " to attend Captain Leflie at four o'clock this afternoon." A ftrange fi. 1 'im HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 277 A ftrange fail appeared this morning oflf the mouth of the harbour, ^^^59- and a fignal was made for two frigates to give her chace. This mom- 4th. ing fome of the fleet weighed and worked out : the whole are pre- paring to fail ; the tranfports have got their anchors a-peek.— In the evening fome fhips of war cleared the harbour, and others put back and came to an anchor, the weather turning foul, with a thick fog : little or no wind. At nine o'clock this morning the remainder of our fleet, &c. 5^'^' weighed, and got out ; weather wet and foggy. Towards noon the wind came right a-head, which obliged thofe (hips, who were not clear of the land, to put back into the harbour, and come to an anchor. Some fi(hing-lines, hooks, and finks have been iflTued out to the troops, in order to ufe occafionally on the voyage, for the prefervation of the health of our men ; and it is, at the fame time, recommended to fteep a quantity of ginger in the freih water which they are to drink on their pafTage. Mild weather to-day, with much rain. A fchooner arrived from Halifax, and anchored clofe by our ihip : the Mafter informs us, that a valuable prize has been very lately brought into Chebudto harbour, the crew whereof were Dutch and Spanifh, loaded with ftores and provifions > that fhe belonged to a fleet of twenty-four fail, under convoy of four frigates, who were all feparated oflF the coafl:, partly by bad weatlier, and by endeavouring to avoid our cruifers; they came lad from Bourdeaux, and were bound to Quebec. Fair weather j wind variable, and little of it ; the remaijider of 6th. cur armament weighed at four o'clock A. M. and cleared the har- bour and bay without any accident ; at ten came up with the reft of the fleet, who had lain-to, in order to wait for us. — And, now that we are joined, imagination cannot conceive a more eligible profped: : of which, that the reader may form fome idea, I (hall here annex a lift of our (hips of war, frigates, floops, &c. &c. in- dependent of an immenfe fleet of tranlports, ftorelhips, vidluallers, traders, and other attendants : Ships* *.■- 3' M f^( '"):, 'i 278 H I S T C )RICALJOURNAL. ■ »759« Ships' Names, [line. Guns. Commanders. Neptune — f Admiral Saunders, Commander "" 90 1 in Chief, Captain Hartwell. Princefs Amelia — 80 Admiral Durell. Dublin — — 74 Admiral Holmes. , Royal William 84 Captain Piggot. .; Van-guard — — 74 Captain S wanton. Terrible — — 74 Captain Collins. Captain — - — 70 Captain Amherft. Shrewftjury — — 74 Captain Pallifer. Devonfliire — — 74 Captain Gordon. Bedford — — 68 Captain Fowkes. Alcide — — 64 Captain Douglafs. Somerfet — — 68 Captain Hughes. Prince Frederic — 64 Captain Booth. Pembroke — — 60 Captain Wheelock. Medway — • — • 60 Captain Proby. Prince of Orange — 60 Captain Wallis. Northumberland 64 Captain Lord Colville. Orford — 64 Captain Spry. Stirling Caftle — — 64 Captain Everet. Centurion — — 60 Captain Mantle. 1 Trident — — 54 Captain Legge. 1 Sutherland — — 50 Captain Roule. 1 Frigates, — Diana 36 Captain Schomberg. M LeoftofFe — 28 Captain Deane. ■ Richmond — 32 Captain Handkerfon. ■ Trent 28 Captain Lindfay. I Echo — — 24 Captain Le Forey, 1 Sloops, — Seahorfe — 20 Captain Smith. 1 Eurus - — — 22 Captain Elphinftone. B Nightingale — 20 Captain Campbell. 1 Hind — — 20 Captain Bond. 1 Ships' HISTORICAL JOURNAL. The Bonetta and Rodney, as alfo the Charming Molly, Europa, Lawrence, Peggy and Sarah, Good Intent, and Profperity, tranfport cutters, were appointed founding veffels. I had the inexpreflible pleafure to obferve at Louiibourg, that our whole armament, naval and military, were in high fpiritsj and, though, by all accounts, we fhall have a numerous army and va- riety of difficulties to cope with, yet, under fuch Admirals and Ge- nerals, among whom we have the happinefs to behold the moft cordial unanimity, together with fo refpe June. ^ it ' '.WS [ 'fi ,M;^.il 1 V '1 «• m 11 "i» •ii ^ 1- 2 jj. are I 11 . i .4^ m 288 June. l! 'f .J' HISTORICAL JOURNAL. arc juft difccrnible. At ten A. M. the rear divifion coining clofc up with us, we weighed i — at two P. M. made the ifland of Coudre, and failed by the Admiral and feven (hips of the line, who were at anchor in a place called the Narrows, which is near two miles over, with very deep water. The river is of an immenfe breadth between the illand and the fuuth country, but the channel is on the north fide of it. Coudre is large, for the mod part cultivated, and, by the number of houfes, it fcems to have been tolerably well inha- bited ; churches, crucifixes, and images are now to be feen almcfl evcry-where. The land on the north fide of the ifland is the highell I ever remember to have Cccn, and juftly deferves the name of a mountain : it is a barren rock, having neither trees nor grafs on it, and only producing a (hort kind of heath, with a few flirubs on the lower pirt of the face of it. At a fmall diftance, north-weil of this promontory, (lands another, and between the two lies a beautiful vale, in which is fituated the pleafant-looking village (with a large pari(h-chuich) of St. Paul : here we had in our view a number of cattle on fhore, particularly horfes, and feveral men and women ; I think 1 never faw a fettlement in a more defirable place, and the buildings appear cleanly and decent. Between Coudre and the north (hore is a moft rapid current ; the Mafter of the Good- will fays it runs near ten miles in an hour ; here we got foul of another tranfport, and luckily cleared her again without any ac- cident. At five P. M. came to an anchor at fomewhat better than a mile's dillance W. S. W. of Coudre, and about two miles from a rtniggling fettlement, alio on the north fide, called St. Jofeph. One of our founding-boats was fired at from the (hore, upon which a boat, full of men and Otiiccrs from the 1 5th regiment, who were a-ftern of us, put off to amufe the enemy, until the other fliould take all the foundings along (hore j our people made feveral feints, as if intending to land at different places, from each of which the enemy diredled a heavy fire, but they were not ivithin reach of their (hot ; thefe unhappy natives paid dear for this HISTORICAL JOURNAL. this behaviour, as will be fccn in the fcqucl of this work. The man of war's boat executed l^^r commiflion without any farther niolcftation, and the detachment uf the 15th returned to their tranfport. The weather, fintc wc ent759« June. 24tlt. 15th. ». S If'f. 1759- June. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. we were. The air extremely fultry, and we were vilited by mtrf- keta's, which were very troublefame to us for a few hours, but they were at length diiperfcJ by fome welcome breezes, that blew favourably for us ; and tlie fleet, taking the advantage of them, weighed at eleven A. M. — At three P. M. a French Pilot was put on board of each tranfport, and the man, who fell to the Good- will's lot, gafconaded at a moil extravagant rate, and gave us to underftand it was much againfl his inclination that he was become an Englifli Pilot. The poor fellow alTumed great latitude in his converfation ; faid, * he made no doubt that fome of the fleet would * return to England, but they fhould have a difmal tale to carry * with them ; for Canada fhould be the grave of the whole army, * and he expected, in a fhort time, to fee the walls of Quebec or- * namented with Englifli fcalps.* Had it not been in obedience to the Admiral, who gave orders that he fliould not be ill ufed, he would certainly have been thrown over-bos :d. At four P. M. we paflTed the Traverfe, which is reputed a place of the greatefl: difli- culty and danger, between the entrance of St. Lawrence and Que- bec : it lies between Cape Tourmente (a remarkably high, black- looking promontory) and the eafl: end of Orleans on the fl:arboard fide, and ifle de Madame on the larboard. Off Orleans we met fome of our fliips of war at anchor. Here we are prefented with a view of a clear, open country, with villages and churches innu- merable ; which lafl:, as alio their houfes, being all white-limed on the outiides, gives them a neat elegant appearance from our fhips. At five in the evening we had a violent fl;orm of rain, and at fix we anchoied in fifteen fathom water. As foon as the Pilot came on board to-day, he gave his diredtions for the working of the fhip, but the Maflier would not permit him to fpeak ; he fixed his Mate at the helm, charged him not take orders from any perfon except himfelf, and, going forvrard with his trumpet to the forecafl:le, gave the neceflfary infl:ru(ftions. All that could be faid by the Commanding-Officer, and the other Gentlemen on board, was to no HISTORICAL JOURNAL. no purpofe J the Pilot declared we (hould be loft, for that no French fliip ever prefumed to pafs there without a Pilot ; * aye, aye, my * dear (replied our fon of Neptune) * but d me I'll convince * you, that an Englifhman fhall go where a Frenchman dare not * Ihew his nofe." The Richmond frigate being clofe a-llern of us, the Commanding Officer called out to the Captain, and told him our cafe ; he inquired who the Mafter was ? — and was anlWered from the forecaftle by the man himfelf, who told him * he was * old Killick, and that was enough.' I went forward with this ex- perienced mariner, who pointed out the channel to me as we pafll'd, Clewing me, by the ripple and colour of the water, where there was any danger j and diftingulihing the places where there were ledges of rocks (to me invifible) from banks of fand, mud, or gravel. He gave his orders with great unconcern, joked with the founding-boats who lay off on each lide, with different-co- loured flags for our guidance j and, when any of them called to him, and pointed to the deepeft water, he anfwered, * aye, aye, * my dear, chalk it down, a d d dangerous navigation — eh, * if you don't make a fputter about it, you'll get no credit for it * in England, &c.* After we had cleared this remarkable place, where the channel forms a complete zig-zag, the Mafter called to his Mate to give the helm to fomebody cife, faying, * D * me, if there are not a tlioufand places in the Thames fifty times * more hazardous than this ; I am aftiamed that Engliflimcn fhould * make fuch a rout about it.' — The Frenchman aiked me, if the Captain had not been here before ? I allured him in the negative, upon which he viewed him with great attention, lifting, at the fame time, his hands and eyes to heaven with aftoniftiment and fervency. We had inceflant rain, thunder and lightning all this night paft. Our divifion weighed early this morning : at kvcn A. M. came to an anchor off the parilh of St. Lawrence, on the ifland of Orleans, in eighteen fathom water : this is the deepeft courfe of P p 2 the 291 »7S9. June. 2^^:11. I. \'^i ,;'] vil :^:^1. i:l ' i i, '-■ '759- June. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. the river, the channel on the north fide of the ifland having only a fufficient depth of water for boats, and other fmall craft, as we are told; but of this, I prefume, wefhall be better informed, before many months are elapfed. Here we are entertained with a moft agreeable profpe ■ ■■.£ i ■' !■' i "iV ".! ^■, I \i u* 1' .296 \7S9- June. 28ch. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. titles of wheaten and peafe ftraw that had been lately threflied, with fome excellent hay to lie upon. A boat was fent down to view our fleet in the river, and was taken. Some detachments from the army marched this evening towards the weft end of the ifland, by way of amufmg the enemy j and returned foon after to camp. Great damage has been fuftained in the fleet this afternoon by the ftorm ; it fell moftly on the boats and other fmall craft; fome tranfports were driven on (hore, and others ran foul of each other : many of the flat-bottomed boats fuflfered much by this hur- ricane, and fevcral of them are rendered unfit for farther fervice ; the weather is now more moderate towards night. ' "ORDERS.' ' ** A cantonment-guard to be mounted immediately by Otvvay's ** regiment at the General's quarters, confifting of one Captain, ". three Subalterns, four Serjeants, four Corporals, and one hundred *' men. All detachments of light infantry, and all companies of ** rangers, when ported on the front, rear, or on the flanks of the " army, if out of light are to acquaint the Oflicer commanding ** the brigade or corps neareft to them of their fituation. The de- ** tachment that was under Colonel Carleton's command is to re- *• turn their tools, and fpare ammunition, immediately to the Com- " manding Oiiicer of Artillery. Whenever the regiments fend for ** flraw, or any thing elfe they want, proper Officers muft go with *' their men, to prevent fuch irregularities as the General fuw yefter- '« day, and will be obliged to punilh very fevercly. No detach- *• ment, either with, or without arms, are to be fent to any dil- ** tance from the camp, without the knowledge of the Brigadier- " General of the day. Regiments, or detachments, when cantoned, ** mull always have an alarm-poft, or place of aflembly. It is or- " dered once for all, that foldiers are to keep clofe to their incamp- " ment, and are not to pafs beyond the out poflis or guards, nor *f wander through the country in the diforderly manner that has * "been P *( (I (( <€ tt €t <( 4€ << <( M fll w< bo ab foi I n j HISTORICAL JOURNAL. been perceived here. The army muji hold themfehes in readinefs always to get under arms, either to march or fight t at the Jhortejl notice. When the ten companies of the grenadiers of the line are coUeAed as one corps, they are to be commanded by Colonel Burton* and Major Morris to alTift him. When the light infan- try of the line are formed into one corps, they are to receive their orders from Colonel Howe, who has Major HufTey to afflft him. The grenadiers of Louifbourg, and Major Dalling's light infantry, are to receive their orders from Colonel Carleton. This lad corps, two companies of rangers, the Quarter -Maflers and Camp- Colourmen of the army, and a Hatchet-man with a felling axe from each regiment, to aifemble at Major Dalling's canton- ment to-morrow at twelve o'clock, in readinefs to march under Colonel Carleton's command : Captain D , the Engineer, to go with this detachment. Major Scott is immediately to order a company of rangers to take charge of the cattle for the ufe of the army. Ail feamen, found ftroUing from the beach up to the country, are to be taken up and fent prifoners to the cantonment- guard at the head quarters : four days' provifions for the troops will be landed this day ; the rangers to receive fix days*. Orderly hour at nine o'clock at the head quarters. As the Quartcr-Mafters of the regiments will be much wanted in camp to-morrow, oa account of the delivery of provifions, only a Serjeant, and three Camp-Colour-men of a regiment, are to parade to-morrow for the Quarter-Mafter General ; the whole to be commaudcd by u Subaltern." This night, about twelve o'clock, the enemy leat down fiyq fire- {hips, and two rafts, to dellroy our tleet ; as they drew near to the weft end of the illand, fome cannon that had b;;en loaded, on board the veiTels, with round and grape ihot, played off and rattled about the (hore and trees at that extremity j which fo difconcerted fome fmall detached parties, and our centries, that they quitted Vol. I. Q^q thcrf tf)7 June. i.\ ■ . I ' % I -1 'i: ¥ i ■ 'ill) :■ % ■ M Ml' iillJ 298 J759- June. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. their pofts, and, in retiring tovrards the camp, fell in upon each other in a confufed manner, and alarmed the army : the picquets were immediately advanced, with the light troops, to the north fide of the illand j the Hnc turned out, and were ordered to load : the quarter and rear guards remained ujider arms, until it was clear day-light. Nothing could be more formidable than thcfe infernal engines were on their fii-ft appearance, with the difcharge of their guns, which was followed by the burfting of grenado's, alfo placed on board in order to convey terror into our army ; the enemy, we are told, formed fanguine expectations from this projed, but their hopes were ha^.pily defeated j fome of thefe dreadful meflcngers ran on (hore, and the reft were towed away clear of our fleet by the feamen, who exerted themfelvcs with great fpirit and alertnefs on the occafion. They were certainly the grandelT: fire-works (if I may be allowed to call them fo) that can poiHbly be conceived, every circumftance having contributed to their awful, yet beautiful, appearance ; the night was ferene and calm, there was no light but what the ftars produced, and this was eclipfed by the blaze of the floating fires, iffuing from all parts, and running almoft as quick as thought up the mafts and rigging; add to this the folemnity of the fable night, flill more obfcured by the profufe clouds of fmoke, with the firing of the cannon, the burfting of the grenado's, and the crackling of the other combuftibles; all which reverberated thro' tlic air, and the adjacent woods, together with the fonorous fhouts, and frequent repetitions of All's ivdly from, our gallant feamen on the water, afforded a fccne, I think, infinitely fupcrior to any ade- quate defcrlption. Though this fight was intirely new, ana unexpecTied by the ft)ldiery> which, 1 am credibly informed, was not the cafe with our Comn\anders (they having been apprifed of thefe matters, before they left England) we had the pleafure to obferve our men were not at all dilhiayed, but, on the contrary, were eager to meet the enemy on fuch apen ground as we then occupied, even under the diiiidvantages ? t HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 299 difadvantages of night, and our being ftrangcrs to the country. But, '759- with due deference to fuperior judgment, lam of opinion the ex- pectation and defign of thefe fire-flages ought to have been commu- nicated to the troops, that they might have been the better prepared againft any furprife from the enemy co-operating therewith ; for, had the French General been fo circumftanccd, as to have had it in his power to fpare (without any confiderahle diminution of his army) three or four thoufand choice veterans, or perhaps half that number, at fo critical a jun(fture, it is difficult to fay what turn our afFairs might have taken. Therefore, with all refped, I would recommend, that, on every future occafion, all expedlant occurrences of this na- ture may be imparted to and circulated throughout the army. % «( ORDERS. (( (( (> 759- June. ;l r '^. .Si I ^04 J7S9- June. M.i HISTORICAL JOURNAL. arms, they muft expert the moft fatal confequences j their habita- tions dedroyed, their facred temples expofed to an exarper?ted fol- diery, their harvell utterly ruined, and the only paflage for relief flopped up by a moft formidable fleet. In this unhappy fituation, and clofely attacked by another great army, what can the wretched natives expedl from oppofition ? — The unparalleled barbarities ex- erted by the French againft our fettlements in America might juftify the bittereft revenge in the army under my command. — But Britons breathe higher fentiments of humanity ^ and lijien to the merciful dic- tates of the Cbrijiian religion. Yet, fhould you fuffcr yourfelves to be deluded by any imaginary profped of our want of fuccefs, fhould you refufe thofe terms, and perfift in oppofition, then furely will the law of nations juilify the wafte of war, fo necefTary to crufh an un- generous enemy j and then the miferable Canadians muft in the winter have the mortification of feeing the very families, for whom they have been exerting but a fruitlefs and indifcreet bravery, perifh by the moft difnial want and famine. In this great dilemma let the wifdom of the people of Canada fhew itfelf; Britain ftretches out a powerful, yet merciful, hand : faithful to her engagements, and ready to fecure her in her moft valuable rights and pofTeffions : France, unable to fupport Canada, deferts her caufe at this impor- tant crifis, and, during the whole war, has affifted her with troops who have been maintained only by making the natives feel all the weight of grievous and lawlefs oppreflion. Given at Laurent in the ifland of Orleans, this 23th day of June, 1759. J A. WOL FE.' ■J- After the fklrmilh was over this morning between our light troop* and the enemy, tiie former, in the purfuit, apprehending that the peafants and colony troops might poflibly return with a reinforcement, pofTeffed themfelves of a large farm-houfe, where they found a quan- tity of provifions and moveables, with a fire in the kitchen-chimney : from hence ihey intended to waylay the enemy, in cafe they fliould ., 3o6 1759- June. i! HISTORICAL JOURNAL. pufhed after them, on a fuppofition that they were attacked ; but it proved an unfortunate miftake, for one of them, coming to the door of a houfe, faw a man climbing into a back window, which he be- lieving to be a Canadian, fired at him, and Ihot him through the body : the unhappy fufFerer was one of his corporals. This difafter was attended with great trouble and delay to us, being obliged to take charge of the wounded man, and carry hnn along with us *. We marched tfirough a fine cultivated country on a pleafant road, and, between five and fix o'clock, joined the troops at Point Levi, where we found the enemy warmly difputing that ground with them ; the principal fkirmifhing was in the flcirts of fome coppices, to the weftward of the Point ; a woody commanding rocky eminence to the fouthward, the church of St. Jofeph, and the parfonage-houfe contiguous to it. The troops and the enemy were alternately in pofleffion of thefe buildings j but at length the Brigadier ordered the Highlanders into the woods on the high ground, and the light troops to get round the hill and furround them, while he in perfon, at the head of the grenadiers, marched up and gallantly attacked the church and houfes, which they once more gained pofTeffion of, after a flout re- finance on the part of the enemy, who, finding themfelves not able any longer to withftand our fire and numbers, at length gave way. This place is by nature very ftrong, and was exceedingly well defended ; for, by all accounts, the enemy did not exceed a thoufand men, who were partly inhabitants, fix hundred colony troops, and about forty Indians ; our lofs in taking this ground was very inconfiderable, not amounting to more than thirty killed and wounded j what the enemy fuflained I never CDuld learn, for they always contrive to carry off their killed and di Cabled men on thefe occafions. The brigade occupied the houfes •and all the eminences round the Point j where, I mufl not omit to * We faftencd a blanket with fkewcrs to two poles, and had him carried like a corpfe bv fix men, whom we relieved every quarter of an hour ; for our poor fellows, by fome mirtakc, were otherwife heavily laden with iheir own ncceflliries, camp-equipage, in- lr:ncliing-tooIs, provifions, ficc &c. &c. obferve. • a corpfe by fome lage, in- bferve. I. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. obferve, we found neither batteries *, nor any kind of works, as had at firft been apprehended. At ten o'clock this night. Colonel Bur- ton, with a detachment of the regiment under his command, joined us from Orleans. At nine o'clock this morning the enemy fent down three floating batteries (one mounted two guns, the other one each) in order to diflodge us j for this purpofe, laft night, they quietly, and undif- covered by our fleet's boats, anchored a canoe in the bafon, at a certain diftance, the better to remark our fituation, and the parti- cular houfes and other pofts which they faw us occupy. Where- upon, apprehending that a body of troops might rufli down the hill, and attack us, while under a fuppofed confternation, by their floats, we were ordered to ftand to our arms, and an advantageous difpolition was made of the brigade, leaving, however, proper de- tachments in the church and other houfes, as alfo on the fl^irts of the coppices J and the light troops occupied the top of the eminence which commanded the Point, and formed a chain fi'om Nadau's .great water-mill, on the eaft, to the Prieft's, and other houfes, that ftood detached from the church, weftward. In this fituation they cannonaded us near an hour and an half, when the Admiral, la- menting our difagreeable circumftances, threw out a fignal for the Trent frigate, who loft no tim-^ in coming to our relief; and, the * January 19, 1760. We were this day informed at dinner, by the late Fort-Major and fome other French gentlemen, that Moiifieur Montcalm forefavv the great advan- tages that would refult to us over their capital, in being poHincd of Point Levi ; and propjftd, before we came up the river, that four thoufand men fliould be ftrongly in- trenched here with fome ordnance, and that other works ftiould alfo be conflrucitd higher up the country, at certain diftances, for the troops to retire to, in cafe thL-ir lines fliould be carried at the Point. But Monfieur Vaudreuil over-ruled this motion, in a council of war ; and infifted, that, though we might demolifli a few infignificant houf.s with flielis, we could not bring cannon to bear upon Q^iebcc, a-crofs the river ; and it was his firm opinion, that it was their duty to ftand upon the defenfive with their v, ,'iole army on the north fide of the bafon, and not divide their force on any account what- focvcr. R r 2 tide 307 1759- June. July, lil. k ; ai ! ^ul* r. I 1 I,/ i nil 3o8 ' 759- July. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. tide of flood then fortunately favouring us, (he foon worked up, gave the enemy a few broad fides, and obliged them to (beer off: General Wolfe alfo, with the greateft expedition, came to our af- fiflance, and brought a detachment of the train, with fome guns and carriages ; he immediately ordered out a number of workmen from each regiment, and ere<^ed a barbet battery clofe by the fliore, to prevent any farther annoyance to us from the river ; and, at the fame time, the Trent and other frigates anchored off the Point, and fome others of our fleet worked higher up, by which good conduft of our naval friends, we were no longer apprehenfive of any infult from the floating batteries of the enemy, whofe guns were well ferved, and by their grape-fliot we loft feveral men ; but, had not our Brigadier judicioufly ordered the troops to lie down, after we were formed, our lofs would probably have been very con- fiderable. The General, now feeing the neceffity of remaining in poffeflion of this ground, and as if apprifed of the good con- fequences that would thereby refult to his future operations, re- folved to maintain it ; for this purpofe, we were ordered to in- camp, and immediately fet about intrenching ourfelves, infomuch that, before night, we were in a tolerable ftat^ of fecurity. Some batteries on the north Ihore, which the enemy opened on our (hips (though beyond their reach) when they were turning up to our relief, this morning, plainly pointed out to the General the necef- fity of poffefling, in like manner, the weft end of the ifland of Orleans, as thereby the fleet could be better inabled, with fecurity, to co-operate with the army ; and accordingly orders were dif- patched to Brigadier Townfliend to detach a party for this pur- pofe, which was executed, without lofs of time, under the diredtion of Colonel Carleton : a good battery was inftantly marked out there, and redoubts were begun to be thrown up, for the fafety of the troops who were to cover it, Some buccaneer firelocks, of an un- common length, were found by our men to-day, buried in an or- chard I- HISTOR7CAL JOURNAL. chard adjoining to the great water-mill -, upon examining them, they were loaded with two balls each, befides a piece of fquarc iron, four inches long, the edges of which were wickedly filed rough, like the teeth of a faw. From this ground we have a full view of the enemy in their camp, on tlie oppofite fide of the bafon ; their right extends above the town, with the river Charles in their front, where they have got the hulks of two frigates advantageoufly pofled, for the defence of that rivulet ; and their left is clofe by the fall of Montmorency. Their fituation appears to be very ftrong by nature ; and I can difcern, by the help of my telefcope, that they are numerous, and, as if jealous of an attempt by us on that quarter, they arc fortifying themfelves in every part ; the rear of their left feems to be covered with thick woods, and, throughout their camp, there are a continued chain of houfes, the windows of which is logged up for the fervice of mufketry. 1759- July. ':,".' tt tt "ORDERS. *' Camp at Orleans, July i. ** Lawrence's battalion to hold themfelves in readinefs to em- bark at a moment's warning. Lawrence's battalion to ftrikc their tents, pack up their baggage, and march down to the wa- ter-fide oppofite to the church, fo as to be there at half an hour after five to-morrow morning j the light infantry of that corps are not to embark, but remain with Otway's regiment." At three o'clock this afternoon, we were alarmed by a fmart firing of mufketry in the woods, and the troops flood to their arms j this was occafioned by a party of Indians coming down to annoy our camp, for whom Captain Goreham, and his rangers, laid an ambufh, and fcalped nine of them. Two twenty-four pounders and two twelves are mounted on our barbet battery. Major Scott, with a large corps of rangers, are arrived this evening from Or- leans r by whom we learn, that thirty of the enemy have been killed \>, I, ; ! 310 '759- 2d. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. killed and taken on that ifland, and that two grenadiers of the Louilbourg divifion were found fcalped in the fkirts of the woods. It is expeded the enemy will attempt to furprifc us this night ; neverthelefs we are landing heavy artillery and ftores with great diligence. The brigade alarmed at two o'clock this morning, by fome pop- ping fhots in the woods, above South-hill ; ftood to their arms until it was broad day-light. We are finifliing our intrcnchments, and parties are out cutting and making fafcines. Colonel Carleton is forwarding his works, on the weft of Orleans, with great dili- gence. At one o'clock were alarmed again by feveral floating bat- teries coming down the river ; but, feeing our frigates preparing to engage them, they edged over to the north fliore. The 48th re- giment, with the grenadiers and light troops of this brigade, under the command of Colonel Burton, marched up the country, as an efcort to General Wolfe, who went to reconnoitre the town, from tlie heigl.js to the fouthward of it ; the light infantry, who pre- ceded their march, were fired upon by fome ftraggling peafants, at a diftance ; the General made choice of a piece of ground, about one mile and an half from our camp, whereon to ered: batteries againft Quebec J the garrifon fired feveral guns at the detachment, but their fliot either fell (hort of, or pafiied over them. In their re- turn to camp, by a different route, they found the bodies of four grenadiers, who were killed on the 30th ultimo, and were mod barbaroufly butchered ; the General ordered them to be in- terred. Major Scott, with fome companies of rangers, marched up the country this morning, as fur as the river Chaudiere, to try to ta!;e a prifoner, and reconnoitre that river, the enemy being fuppofed to have fome veilels there ; they were not able to make any difcove- rics, except fpying a body of Indians on the oppofite fide of that river ; and the Major made feveral attempts to crofs over and rout them, but found it impradicable, from the great depth of water and It i ^- I) f HISTORICAL JOURNAL. and rapidity of the current j at the return of the rangers to camp, the General exprefled a difappointment at not getting a prifoncr, for intelligence. The Admiral fent a boat towards the north fliore, and another towards the town, to found ; the garrifon fired at them, as did fome floating batteries under Beauport. Some fliips are arrived from Bofton, with large boats and proviiions for tlie army. I can perceive in the enemy's camp, at leaft, five coloured coats for one French uniform, whence, it is manifefl:, their army confifts chiefly of the militia of the country, and other peafants. We have now got three redoubts in our incampment ; the Briga- dier's tent is is in the center of the largeft, where there are four brafs fix pounders mounted. Our camp forms an half-moon round the Point, and has now ailumed a refpeftable appearance ; we are ordered to intrench the eaflern flank of it, which is in the rear of the 43d regiment. The Officers were all ferved this day with frefh prbvifions for the firft time : — the weather is gloomy and cold, and inclining to rain. The 35th regiment, and the detachments now in camp, on the ifland of Orleans, are ordered to be ready to march at a moment's warning. Working parties went out this morning to make fafcines i they were obliged to quit, about eight o'clock, by a violent ftorm of rain, which continued, without intermiflion, until night. The grenadiers and light infantry are ordered to be in readinefs to march at a moment's warning j the feamen are landing mortars and bat- tering cannon, with ftores of all kinds. 311 1759- 3^. i' [YA S' : "ORDERS. " Camp at Orleans, July 3. ** The regiments and corps will receive provifions to-morrow *• to the 8 th inclufive : Ot way's, Anftruther's, three companies " of grenadiers, rangers, artillery, and carpenters, at fix in the " morning j Bragg's, Monckton's, and Lafcelles's, at four in tlie after- f M #1| ^^l ^Ite 312 »759. July. 4th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. •* afternoon. Three Captains, feven Subalterns, and three hundred ** and fifty men, to parade to-niorrow morning at four o'clock in " the rear of Bragg's, for the fervice of the Engineers ; the gre- " nadiers are to parade at the fame time." ' •' ' A Captain's guard mounted to-day on the top of Wood-hill, to the fouthward of our camp, where there is a kind of natural re- doubt, to which the rangers have made fome additional bread- works by the help of ftones and felled trees ; this is to be known hereafter by the name of the Great Rock-Guard. The Officers have not yet been able to get their tents on fliore ; at prefent they are obliged to lie in thofe of the men. We are landing more artil- lery and ftores. The fleet are worked up a little higher, and make a delightful appearance in the river. At noon we had a dreadful thunder-florrn, fucceeded by violent rain and hail, which lafted near fix hours ; the lightning exceeded any thing I ever faw. In the afternoon a boat went up with a flag of truce *, from the Admiral : when fhe got within gun-fliot, another was fent from the garri fon to receive her errand, and {he was immediately fent back again. In the evening a French flag came down, and, the Trent hoifting a ■white jack on her bow, the Officer went on board of her. The enemy appear to be indefatigable at their intrenchments, particu- larly at the left of their camp, above the Point de Left*; whence I conjecture that part to be the moft acceflible, and am confirmed in tliis opinion by an obfervation, viz. when the tide is about half ebb, there are banks and flioals that run out to a great length into the bafon, along the front of their camp, from the center upwards, which are then vifible : but there do not appear any obftrudions immediately ofi^ the Point. * The enemy's jack on the bow of thc^boat, anJ Britifli colours a-ftern ; and, via z'erju, Jioin thcin to us. ts iifually took in ballaft from thence, theiefcre called Point de Left. -!■ "ORDERS. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 3".t (( "ORDERS. " Camp at the ifland oF Orleans. ** Brigadier-General Townfhend's brigade to be ready to em- bark at a very (hort warning ; they muft leave their tents (land- " ing, and proper guards to take care of them. The line is never " to turn out but when expreflly ordered. The quarter, and other " guards, and out-pofts, to turn out to the Commander in Chief " only with Hiouldered arms, and but once a day ; they are to pay *' the ufual compliments to the Brigadier-Generals. Monthly re- *• turns, to the 24th of June, to be fent in to the Adjutant-Gene- *• ral, as foon as poflible. Magazine and cattle guards as ufual.— *• The objcdl of the campaign is to complete the conqueft of *• Canada, and to finifli the war in America. The army under the ** Commander in Chief will enter the colony on the fide of Mon- ** treal, while the fleet and army here attack the Governor-General ** and his forces. Great fufficiency of provilions, and a numerous ** artillery is provided : from the known valour of the troops, the *' nation expcdls fuccefs. Thefe battalions have acquired rcputa- *• tion in the laft campaign, and it is not doubted but they will " be careful to preferve it : from this confidence, the General lia^ " afTured the Secretary of State in his letters, that, whatever may *' be the event of the campaign, .lis Majefty, and the country, '* will have reafon to be'fatislied with the behaviour of the army '' under his command. The General means to carry the buiincfs " through, with as little lofs as poffible, and with the highcll: re- ** gard to the prefervation of the troops; to that end he expe<5ts, *' that the men work chearfuUy, and without the leaft unfoldicr- " like manner or complaint; and that his few, but neceflary orders " be ftridtly obeyed: the General propofes to fortify his camp, in ** fuch a manner, as to put it out of the power of the enemy to " attempt any thing by furprife, and that the troops may reft in ** fecurity after their fatigues. — As the Cjifcty of the army depends. Ju»y. Stli. I !1 W ^v\ t ■ Vol. I. Sf «( in ii 3U »759- July. ji'i I, HISTORICAL JOURNAL. '* in a great meafure, upon the vigilance of the out-guards, any ** Oficcr, or Non-commijioued Officer, 'who J^jall fnffcr himfelf to bn '\ftirpr!fed by the enemy, muji not expcSl to be forgiven. When any ** alarm is given, or the enemy perceived to be in motion, and ** that it may be thought necefTary to put the troops under arms» ** it is to be done without noife or ccniufion ; the brigades are to *' be ranged in order of battle, by their Brigadier-Generals, at the ** head of the camp, in readincfs to obey the orders they fliall re- ** ceive. Falfe alarms are hurtful in an army, and dljhonourable ta ** thofe that occafion them: the out-poflis are to be fure that the ene- *• my are in motion, before they fend their intelligence. Soldiers ** are not to go beyond the out-guards i the advanced centries will *' fire at all who attempt to pafs beyond tlie proper bounds : It ** may be proper to apprife the corps, that the General may per- " haps think it neceflary to order fome of the light troops to retire ** before the enemy at times, fo as to draw them nearer to the ** army, with a view either to engage them to fight at a difad- *• vantage, or to cut off their retreat. The light infantry of the *' army are to have their bayonets, as the want of ammunition may *' fometimes be fupplied with that weapon : and> becaufe no man ** fliould leave his port, under pretence that all his cartridges are " fired, in mojl attacks by flight, it muji be remembered, thai bayojiets ** are preferable tofre. That the fervice of the campaign may fall " as equally as poiTible upon the whole, the corps will do duty for " their real ftrength ; no change fliall be made in the firft regula- " tion, unlefs any particular lofs fhould make it necefTary. All ** cattle, or provifions, taken by any detachment of the army are " to be delivered into the picquet magazine, for the ufe and benefit " of the whole : Mr. Wire the Commiflary will give receipts for " them. No churches, houfes, or buildings of any kind, are to be ** burned or deftroyed without orders : the perfons that remain in ** their habitations, their women and children, are to be treated with ** humanity ; if any violence is offered to a woman, the offender fiall in (( be it it (( (( (( «( <( (t (( <( (( «c (( t* *( <( it HISTORICAL JOURNAL. l>e pumjbed with death. If any perfons are detct^ted robbing tlie tents of the Oliicers or foldiers, they will be, if condemned, cer- tainly executed. The Commanders of regiments are to be an- fvveruble, that no rum, or fpirits of any kind, be fold in or near the camp. When the foldiers are fatigued with work, or wet upon duty, the General will order fuch refrelhment as he knows will be of fervice to them, but is determined to allow no drunkennefs, nor licentioufnefs, in the army. If any Sutler has the prefumption to bring rum on fhorc, in contempt of the Ge- neral's regulations, fuch Sutler fhall be fent to the Provofl's in irons, and his goods confifcated. The General will make it his bufmefs, as far as he is able, to reward fuch as ihall particularly diftinguifli themfelves j and, on the other hand, will punilh any mifbehaviour in an exemplary manner. The Brigadiers-General are defired to inform themfelves, if the orders and regulations are properly made known to the foldiers of their refpe<5tivc bri- gades." July- are 'onets J fall ' for ula- All ivlth «' be The forty-eighth regiment, and all the grenadiers, rangers, and light infantry, with working parties from the other corps, marched up to the place where our batteries are to be ere i'W-f\ &• HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Quebec. Mortars, guns, Ihells, (hot, and all manner of artillery ftores, are landing at every tide. A brilk cannonading, at fix o'cloclt this evening, between our frigates and the enemy's floating batte- ries; they continued for an hour and a-half, but no damage was done on either iide : the floats were obliged to put buck to the town } their views were to edge down towards the l^oint de Led, as if jealous of an attempt being made on that quarter. The liglit infantry, commanded by Major Dalling, are under orders of readi- nefs to march this night. Weather extremely fultry. "ORDERS. *' Camp at Or!eans. '* Bragg's, Lafcellcs's, Monckton's, the light infantry, and ran- *' gers, with the three companies of grenadiers, are to hold them- *' felves in readinefs to march to-morrow morning at ten o'clock ; ** thefe corps are to receive three days' provifions immediately, and ** are to take half their tents with them, when they move from this camp, to the water-fide. Thofe who are not yet provided with four days' provifions are immediately to get them. Three hun- •* dred men to parade to-morrow morning for the Engineers^ at •* four o'clock." •I <( 3'7 '759- July. ^^7 E ! 1 1 1 'jii! ^1 1 f 1 ' . , t 7th. The troops at Point Levi are under orders to march on the fhorteft; notice j thofe on the ifland of Orleans, it is faid, will re- move fuddenly to fome other ground in the neighbourhood of the enemy's camp, leaving a detachment behind, for the protedlion of the battery, flore-houfes, and other works on that ifland. The enemy are making many marches, and countermarches, in that part of their camp nearefl: to the cataract. Some of our fleet are draw- ing over towards the north fliorc. We have now got a park of artillery and ftores adjoining to our camp, and the detachments of that corps are alfo incamped here ; the heavieft guns on fliore are thirty-two pounders, and the largeft mortars are thirteen inches. Soon 3i8 JuJy. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Soon after the light infantry marched lafl: night, fome firing was heard j it is conjedured they are gone in purfuit of Monfieur Bois Hibert, and his Mic~Macs, with other rabble, from Nova Scotia, who are faid to be fculking in this neighbourhood. The other corps of light infantry are to crofs the river this night to Orleans. A deferter, from the French regulars, furrendered to us this day; it is fufpevhich, by burfling in the air over their heads, threw them into tonfufion, and made them run difierent ways for fiielter. At two o'clock HISTORICAL JOURNAL. o'clock the garrifon (as if by way of reprilal) vigoroufly bombarded Burton's Redoubt *, and cannonaded our workmen at the batteries very brifkly, but without any fucccfs -, General Wolfe was there at the fame time, and fliewed great attention to the prefervation of the men, by ordering them to lie down, or get under cover, as foon as a flafh was firft: perceived ■f : the enemy continued their fire until late in the evening. . . ! . i, . - The works are now completed on the weft of Orleans ; ftore- houfes are eredted, and hofpitals for the ufe of the fleet and army ; that poft is rendered very defenfible. Brigadier Townfliend, with the troops we left on that ifland, embarked in boats this evening, in order to land on the north fide, eaftward of Montmorency ; our frigates ftill continue to annoy the floating batteries and detached works on the beach, while our bomb-ketches harrafs the enemy in the left of their camp. Two thirteen-inch mortars and fome cannon were drawn up this day to Burton's Redoubt : it blew freili towards night, with a droppiiig rain -, the marines have hitherto lain on board their fhips j the firft detachment of that corps landed this evening on Point Levi. In order to facilitate the landing of the forces, under General Wolfe, on the north fide of the river, to the eaftward of the wa- ter-fall, our brigade firuck their camp, between one and two o'clock this morning, with the greateft quietnefs, marched a little way up the country, and concealed ourfelvcs in the woods ; a few detach- ments only remained in the houfes and redoubts, and the working- parties, being out of view of the enemy, were not called in. Be- tween fix and feven our frigates and bomb-ketches began to play * The 48th repiment, commanded by Colonel Burton, are incamped in that intrench- ment : whence it is called Burton's Redoubt, t It is eafy to diftinguifh between the flafli of a mortar, and that of a gun, the for- mer being much larger than the other; on occafions of cither, the ufual fignals arc, Shell or Shot, and are generally given by the Engineer on that fervicc, or by a centind, appointed to watch the enemy's batteries. 321 Y59- July. / > 9th. :ili* \M Vol. I. Tt u pon tf 322 July. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. upon the enemy's camp, which obliged them to ftrike their tents, and retire more to their rear j that ground is not only out of reach of our iTiip's guns, but, by its elevated fituation, bids defiance to any annoyance from the river : by this removal, their left nppeara to extend nearer to the river of IVIontmorency than before, whence they may probably be routed again, as fooii as our troops are land- ed, and artillery can be brought up. Some rain fell this morning, it cleared up at ten o'clock, and we had fine weather for the re- mainder of the day, which favoured the General's operations on the north (hore. Captain Starks, of the rangers, fent his Lieu- tenant, and twenty men, on a fcout to the fouthward, yefterday ; they returned to-day, and brought in two prifoners ; one of them was a lad of fifteen years of age, the other a man of forty, who was very fullen, and would not anfwer any queftions : this Ofiicer alfo took two male children, and, as he and his party were return- ing, they faw themfelves clofely purfued by a much fuperior body, fome of whom were Indians ; he wiHied to be freed from the chil- dren, as, by their innocent cries and fcreeches, they diredled the purfuers where to follow. The Lieutenant made many figns to them to go away and leave him, but they, not underftanding him, ftill redoubled their lamentations ; and, finding himfelf hard prefied, he gave orders that the infants fliould be taken afide and killed ; which was done, though the Officer declared to me that it was with the greateft reludlance that can be conceived. As thefe pri- foners were brought to the poft where I was on duty, with the Ranglng-Captain, I converfed with the lad for feme time; he told me, that Monfieur de Montcalm had a large army; but added he, very fenfibly, * I cannot tell you any particulars, being too young • to be a judge of thefe matters: this I know, tlvat we are all in ' great diftrefs for bread, both army, garrifon aiid country; and * Monfieur Bois Ilibert, with a good corps of Acadians and favagcs, ' are in this neighbourhood, &c.' — About one o'clock in the after- noon the troops under General Wolfe landed on the north fide of the river ling. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. river to the eaflward of the cataradV, and incamped without op- pofition*i they had fix brafs fix- pounders with them, and fome howitzers. The rangers were foon after detached into the woods to cover fome fafcine-makers, and, being fired upon by a body of Indians, a fmart fkirmifli enfued ; but the rangers were reinforced by the picquets and two field-pieces, which raked the rafcals, and drove them back to their own camp : — there were many killed and wounded on both fides, which fell moftly on Captain Danks and his company of rangers. Major Calling's light infantry returned this afternoon ; they were well loaded with plunder of various kinds. Our brigade were ordered back to our camp in the even- ing, and pitched our tents again j fome companies of marines landed to-day from the fleet ; that corps are incamped on ihe left of the 43d regiment, and are to do duty in the line. Being on a working-party this morning at our batteries, I had a moll agreeable profpedt of the city of Quebec, for the firfl time ; it is a very fair objeft for our artillery, particularly the lower town, whofe buildings are clofer, and more compad: than the upper. Some time after we were fettled at work, a foldicr of the 48th regiment, who had un intention to defert, went to an adjoining wood, where an Officer and a number of men were detached to make fafcines ; he told the Oilicer he was fent to dcfire that he and his party would rctvtrn to tlic redoubt where we were em- ployed, and in their abfence he took an old canoe that he found cii tlie inore, and crolTed the river in our view; a boat put o 17 from the enemy, and took him fufe to land. Our batteries are in great 323 »759- J"lv. lOlh. r' b * When the enemy ^aw our army thus fubdiviJecl, and occupying three diflind cam ;.-, the chief gentlemen of the country made application to Monfieur Vaudrcuil to dctuch a ftrong body of Canadians, under experienced Officers, over the river, and rout Oiir troops from Point Levi ; but the Governor-General, from a co'itcmptible opinion lie had of their prowefs, refufed, telling them it was his and their duty to ad on the d ■*■■.■-, 1759. July. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 327 jio^r/evrr, wc :m mediately got to the proper Jiftancc, and changed their mirth. A, tk.oe bomhardment and cannonading was continued the wiu)te ni^ftt on both fides, ofwhichlhad a full view from the Roc'c-gij vrd, v'here I was upon duty. At midnight came on a heavy rain, thu 'ul* d until it was clear day-ligl\t : two ranging Orticers have voliirianiy propofed to go with a fmall party exprefs to General Amherft. "ORDERS. " Camp at Montmorency. " As the enemy have been obferved to work at a battery on the istli, " other fide of the water to cannonade the camp, it is necefiary to *' extend to the right to avoid their fire j the light infantry is there- " fore to take polt on the wood : Bragg's and Monckton's are to de- " camp, and to go to the ground alllgned them by the Quarter-Maft:er- ** General : Ot way's are to occupy the houfes where the light infantry " now are : a company of Grenadiers to incamp in the redoubt : the •' artillery to he brought clofe under the hill : two ports to be forti- ♦' fied, one before Monckton's, one before Bragg's. A battery of fix *' pieces of cannon to be marked out immediately to oppofe the ene- " my's fire j and, as foon as it can conveniently be done, another bat- *' tery of four guns lliall be ere July. 20th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. tire, the tide being too far fpent. Our new batteries are in great forwardnefs, and will foon be ready to open. The command at Orleans have been reinforced by fome of the provincials, who lately arrived from New-England. «< O R D E R S. *♦ Camp at Montmorency. ** The guards near the water-fide to take up any foldicr that may be feen fwimming, between the hours of nine in the morn- and five in the afternoon ; this order to be immediately read to the men. Two hundred and fifty men to parade this evening at five o'clock at the Artillery-ground j they will receive their orders from Major M'Kdlar. When Major M*Kellar has eftablifhed the ports in the front of the quarter-guards, an Officer and eigh- teen men of each guard are to advance to the poft affigned them, leaving the remainder of his guard in its prefent poft, which will be reinforced, if necefiTary." €< <( <( (( «( <( A deferter from the enemy fwam a-crofs the river this day j he fays he heard it often talked of in camp, that there is a great mif- underftanding between Monfieur Vaudreuil, the Governor-Gene- ral, and Monfieur de Montcalm j that the troops in garrifon do not amount to four hundred, and thofe in the field confift of four in- complete regiments of regulars, two regiments of colony troops^ and about eleven thoufand militia and favages. He adds, that it is a heinous crime among them to talk of the army on the fide of Ca- rillon ; — but, however, he did learn, by the means of a comrade, who is an Officer's valet, that General Amherft's army advances with hafty ftrides upon their frontiers, but that what difconcerts the enemy mofl: is for the fate of Niagara, where, it is privately report- ed, we have cut out fome work for them. This man further fays, that one of our foldiers, who lately deferted from the north camp, acquainted M. Montcalm, that our army does not exceed eight thoufand HISTORICAL JOURNAL. thoufand effe^ive men. Captain Roufe has fent down a parcel of (hallops i after fetting fire to them, our feanien grappled and towed them a-{hore. It is confidently faid, that a body of chofen men from the French army, amounting to feventeen hundred, have crofied the river, and are at a fmall dillance in the woods, to the weftward of our batteries. (Twelve o'clock.) Orders are given out to the troops on this fide to be ready to march this evening ; our tents are to remain {landing ; every man is to take two days* provifions, a blanket, thirty-fix rounds of am- munition, and two fpare flints j eleven hundred feamen and three hundred marines are under the like orders. The conjectures on this head are various ; fome are of opinion, we are intended to ftorm the town this night ; others, that we are to endeavour to cut off the corps of feventeen hundred men, which the enemy are faid to have detached to our fide of the river ; while others look upon thefe fudden orders and reports as the effe»5ts of policy. (Three o'clock.) The foregoing orders are countermanded. The light infantry, who have been on a fcout, are returned this day i they brought in fome cattle and plunder, alfo a man and boy, whom they furprifed this morning, as they were fifhing : the for- mer difcharged his piece before he would furrender, whereby we had one man killed j we had near an hour's converfation with this fellow, at Nadau's great water-mill, who feemed to be a fubtle old rogue, of fcventy years of age (as he told us) and I think was a prodigy, for his advanced time of life : he boafted a good deal to us, and faid the French army were thirty thoufand ftrong, and the half of them were regulars ; we plied him well with Port wine, and then his heart was more open, and, feeing that we laughed at his exaggerated accounts, he faid, * he wifhed the affair was well * over, one way or the other ; that his countrymen were all dif- * contented, and would either furrender, or difperfe and a759- July. :'l, I I!, i: • ,^ I., jy »■ ! W^ 34« «759- July. 2lft. B!; EV i HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ' fral part, if it was not for the perfuafions of their Prleils, and * the fear of being mal-treated by the lavages, with whom they * are threatened on all occafions.'— The Diana frigate has got ofF with little or no damage i flack firing at our batteries to-day, the enemy filent. "ORDERS. " Camp at Montmorency. " One Captain, two Subalterns, and fifty men, of Major Hardy's " detachment, to be ported in the redoubt at night. One Subal- ** tern and thirty men, from that corps, to be ported every even- ** ing at the batteries where the grenadiers were ported." Part of the detachment of the 62d regiment, under Major Hardy, are removed to the north camp from Orleans, and are replaced by the Louift)ourg grenadiers, under Lieutenant-Colonel Murray. Our batteries played brifkly on the town laft night. This morning the General engaged the enemy very warmly, for fome hours, with his cannon and howitzers, a-crofs the fall. The wea- ther exceedingly wet and uncomfortable. The rangers, under Captain Goreham, have eftablifhed a port, in a large houfe, a few miles wertward of our batteries, and near to the river Etchemin, where they have fortified themfelves ; this is called Goreham 's Port. General Wolfe was at our batteries to-day, and, while he continued there, the town fired near fifty fliot (after being long quiet) with their ufual ill fuccefs. The General took an efcort from thence to Goreham's Port, where he had a barge to attend him, and proceeded immediately into the upper river to recon- noitre, after which he went on board the Sutherland. The enemy having ere(ftcd a battery at Sillery, oppofite to the river Etchemin, where they have mounted a mortar, and two pieces of cannon, the fquadron under Captain Roufe have been thereby obliged to remove higher up in the river : the mart of the General's barge was carried away by a fliot from that battery, while JP «« << « i €i << «( HISTORICAL JOURNAL. while his Excellency was a-brea(l of it. Two of our mortar-beds being damaged, occafions our giving the enemy fome refpite from fhells, until they are repaired. «< ORDERS. *' The regiments and corps will fend for a jill of rum per man, " which the Commanding Officers will order to be diftributed to " the men, in fuch manner as they fliall judge proper. As it " is impoffible, at prefent, to remove to better ground, great " care is to be taken to air the tents, and dry the ftraw and " ground. The light infantry to be ready to march at a moment's ** warning." Our batteries, eaftward of the fall, kept a warm fire laft night, for feveral hours, on the enemy's camp ; after which fome of the heaviefl guns were difmounted, drawn down to the beach, em- barked, and ferried over here ; three ten-inch mortars and lix how- itzers were drawn up this day to Burton's Redoubt. Some of the light infantry, who have been on a fcout, have brought in feveral black cattle, a flock of (heep, and a few pigs. We have received advice, that the detachment, under Colonel Carleton, failed fome leagues up the river, landed on the north fide, and made a num- ber of prifoners, among whom there are few perfons of fafhion. The Colonel went in fearch of magazines, but was not fo fuccefs- ful as could have been wiflied ; he met with fome oppofition at landing from a body of Indians, yet fuftained no other lofs than having a few men and Officers wounded, among whom was Major Prevoft, of the Royal Americans ; the foldiers acquired fome plunder, though very infignificant. By the fame advices, the enemy {hewed the like jealoufy and attention every- where, as below the town, fortifying the moft acceffible parts of the north fliore, for many leagues upwards : by letters that fell into our hands, the inhabitants defcribe their fituation as completely wretched, and lament much our (hips riding above the town, as thereby 343 >759- July. 22J. I I' Km •I I w \ 1 1 4 < 344 23d. 1 it 1'' M ■iiJ i'.i \-l - n ISTORICAL JOURNAL. thereby they conclude they have loft their communication with Montreal and the upper country : one of thele epiilies from a Prieft at Quebec, to another of his fraternity in the country, has fallen into my hands, of which the following is an extrad: * The Englifli are too cunning for us, and who could have fuf- * pedted it? Part of their fleet palTcd all our batteries, and are now * riding in fufcty above the citadel : they have made this town fo * hot, that there is but one place left, where we can with fafety * pay adoration to our moft gracious, but now wrathful and dif- * pleafed, God, who we much fear has forfaken us.' A flag of truce was fent up to the town to-day, relative to the exchange of prifoners. The weather cleared up this evening after a very rainy forenoon. At night-fall our new batteries were opened againft the town, which produced a furious cannonading on both lides, with fome fliells and carcafl!es from us. "ORDERS. *• Lafcelles's regiment to take the port lately occupied by An- ftruther's. The Commanding Officers of corps to give diredtions that the Butchers, and others, who kill meat, always bury the offals. Anftruther's regiment is always to furniHi any working party, upon application made, with fuch a number of men as may be neceflTary to cover them. The troops to receive frcfli provifions to-morrow, to the 28th inclufivc; Otway's at five; Lafcelles's at Icven ; Bragg's at half after eight j Monckton's at ten ; Anflruther's and rangers at half paft eleven ; art'llery at one. Otway's regiment to hold themlelvcs in readinefs to march, with three days' provifion, three or four miles up the river of Montmorency, to efcort Brigadier-General Murray, who has orders to reconnoitre that river, and the country bordering upon itj they are to take their blankets, and two jills of rum per man will be delivered to them, which muft b>; made into grog." Between <( (( <( <( 4( <( i( «( <( «( *l K V 1 p HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 345 Between ten and eleven o'clock laft night part of the Lower Town itm- took fire, and burnt with great rapidity until nine this moniiiig. The ^^^ LeoftoftVs barge, which fell into the enemy's hands as Hie was found- ing, is retaken by Captain Goreham's r.uigers. Colonel Frafcr, with five hundred Highlanders, are under orders of readinefs to march at a moment's warning : they are to take four days' provifions with them. Two fliips of war weighed at three o'clock this morning, in order to pafs into the upper river ; but, the wind coming right a-head, and blowing frefli, at the fame time the tide of flood being almoft fpcnt, they were obliged to fall down again, and come to an anchor : in their attempt, the enemy expended many rounds of ammunition to very little purpofc. "ORDERS. " Camp at Montmorency. " — As frefli ftraw cannot conveniently be got for the troops, it 24111. is recommended to the Commanding Oflicers to diredt the cutting of fpruce boughs for that purpofe, Provifion guard is to be aug- mented to fixteen at night, and remain fo until morning ; at which time the number added may return to camp. 'The General Jlriclly " forbids the inhuman praElice offcalpingt except when the enemy are In- diansy or Canadians dreJJ'cd like Indians." f< (C tt (C (C ^i •;.. * t ft The Oflicer, who carried the laft flag of truce to the town, was ufcd with great rigour, not being allowed even the benefit of light, though in a houfe. It is faid, that General Wolfe is much difpleafed at fuch ungenteel treatment, and has declared he will reprefent his difappro- bation of this uncivilifed behaviour, by letter to Monf. Montcalm, when next he may have occafion to fend to him. Colonel Carletou has fent down three French gentlemen prifoners, who were immedi- ately tranfmitted on board of the Admiral : that detachment flill re- mains on board the fquadron in the upper river. We have maintain- ed an almoft inceflTant fire of fliot and fliell againft the town thefe laft fourteen hours, which fet part of it in flames j the enemy very /paring Vol. I. Y y of ^h i- : vh ill 346 1759- /uly. 25th. r HISTORICAL JOURNAL. of their ammunition. A flag of truce came down at ten o'clock this morning, and was detained until fix in the evening. Our wea- ther is extremely wet and unfavourable. Our otit-pctrties are ordered to burn and lay ivajie the country for the future^ Jp^^^^^S ^^b church a ^ or houfes dedicated to dhine 'worJJ^ip : it is again repeated, that loomcn and children are ?iot to be molejled on any account ivhatfcc^s r. We played fo warmly on the town laft night, that a fire broke out in two different parts of it at eleven o'clock, which burnt with great rapidity until near three this morning : the enemy remained perfedlly quiet during that time, and ftill continue fo. We are eredling a new fix-gun battery to the right of the others, to keep the lower town in ruin, which appears to be almoft deftroyed. The three companies of grenadiers, belonging to the firfl; brigade that compofed part of Co- lonel Carlcton's detachment, came down the river laft night in boats undifcovered. Colonel Frafer's detachment is marched. A deferter informs us, that Monf. Montcalm was heard to tell the Governor- General — Tou have fold your country^ — but, while I live, I will not de- liver it up. Major Dalling's light infantry brought in this afternoon, to our camp, two hundred and fifty male and female prifoners : among this number was a very refpedable-looking Prieft, and about forty men fit to bear arms : there was almoft an equal number of black cattle, with about feventy flieep an.' lambs, and a few horfes. Bri- gadier Monckton entertained the Reverend Father and fome other fafliioncble perfonages in his tent, and moft humanely ordered re- freihments to all the reft of the captives : which noble example was followed by the foldiery, who geiieroufly crowded about thofe un- happy people, fharing their provifions, rum, and tobacco, with thern : they were fent in the evening on board of tranfports in the river. While they were on (liore, 1 had an opportunity of converfing with fome of the moft intelligent of them, who u/Turcd me, that Mr. Wolfe's placart had futh efFed upon the p; ^t le in general, that they would adtually have conformed to his d ;rc and commands, therein propofed and promifed to the Canadians, ii it had not been for the ar- bitrary HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 347 bitraty menaces of Monf. Montcalm, who threatened them with the i7S9- favages ; that, after the firft furprife was over, upon their being made ' ^' prifoners, they were overjoyed to fee themfelves in the hands of the Englifh ; for that they had been under apprehenfions, for feveral days paft, of having a body of four hundred barbarians fent among them to rifle their parifli and habitations. All the letters, that have been intercepted, as well as their own perfonal accounts, agree in the fear- city of bread throughout the province. I faw one of thefe letters that had been wrote by a perfon in Quebec to his friend in the coun* tiy : and was to this eff'e> .^ ^1 Photographic Sciences Corporation iV 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^ ^ o 4^ •■ *^M% ^ i/. 358 i759« July. kS a HISTORICAL JOURNAL. thunder-ftorm and fall of rain that can be conceived, fent to flop Brigadier Townfliend, and ordered Brigader Monckton to reimbark his diviiion, and the fcattered corps of grenadiers, in the befl: man- ner he could, the flat-bottomed boats being at hand for that pur- pofe. The enemy did not attempt to purfue; their ammunition mull: undoubtedly have fliared the fame.fate with our own, for the violence of the ftorm' exceeded any dcfcription I can attempt to give of it. A few Indians came down to fcalp fome of our wounded on tlie beach. Upon this occafion It ivas, that hicutenant Henry Peyton^ of tht Royal Amerlcansy difplayed fo viuch gallantry ; for hcy being at , the fame time badly nvounded, raifed hifnfelf iip^ and ivith his doubU-harrelled fufil killed two of thofe barbariansy one after the other y before they could execute their inhuman praSlice ; and muji then have fallen aficrifice to others ^ but that Providence y ivill- ing to reward fo much merit y threiv an honeji Highlander in his wayy who happily took him up, and laid him in the bow of one of the boats, then ready to put off. Hy the excellent difpofition which Brigadier Monckton made on the beach, after he had colledted all the troops that were on fhore, he rcimbarkcd them without farther lofs, bringing away as many of the wounded as he could come at j and the army returned to their refpecftivc camps. As the tide had left the armed cats dry, the Admiral fent orders to have the Officers and men taken out, ■.-.nd the hulks burned, leil they fliould fall into the enemy's hands, to whom they might be ferviceable on fome future occafion. The lofs of our forces tliis day, killed, wounded, and niiiiing, includ- ing all ranks, amoantcd to four hundred and forty-three j among whom were tv.o Captains and two Lieutenants- flain on the fpot j one Colonel *, fix Captains, nineteen Lieutenants, and three En- iigns wounded. Burton of the 48'.!! icglmcut. The the le on tore, many rd to dry, out, lands. The iclud- mong |fpot J En- The HISTORICAL JOURNAL. The enemy fuffered moft from our batteries on the emhiences to the eaftward, having, as I was afterwards informed, at Quebec, near two hundred men and Officers killed and difabled. The obje(ft of this day's operations was to penetrate into the enemy's camp, and force them to a battle, in hopes, as their army (though infinitely faperior in numbers) confifted moftly of militia and peafants, they would have yielded an eafy victory to our regu- lar forces ; and nc^withftanding the variety of difficulties we had to encounter with, fuch as intrenchments, traverfes, redoubts, and fortified houfes, that were loaded with fwivels and other linall pieces of field artillery (almoft innumerable) it is more than pro- bable we would have carried our point (though with great lofs) had it not been for a chain of concurrent circumftances that defeatetl the General's plan and expectations : to enumerate thefe may feeni neceffary. — The obftrudtion our boats met with in their firfl attempt to land, by which much time was loft, occafioned by a ledge of rocks extending along the north Ihorc, from the right to the left; of the front of their camp j the ftorm of uncommon heavy rain, that not only damaged our powder, but rei:dered the precipices * to the enemy's works fo flippery, as to become impoffible for men to afcend them; thefe, together with the ill-timed zeal of our grenadiers, who, rcgardlefs of difcipline and the commands of their Officers, were eager to diftinguilh themfelves under a man, of whom they, and indeed the foldiery in general, had the higheif opinion and confidence : — to which 1 may fuhjoin the retreat of the tide, then more than half ebb j and the hafty approaching night, beginning to expand her dreary wings, with a farther profpcd; of unfavourable weather. Befides all thefe, other circumftances there are not lefs deferving attention ; for, had we fucceeded, tlie river Charles remained afterwards to be crofted, before we could inveft the garrifon j and the French army would probably have occupied * At the foot of their parapet on the fummit, were down the flo^, by which they became ftill moie LiaccefEbl felled trees laid for fome ynrds the ^S9 1759- July- lllli ill s !" m. \i i lii''»'i iv>\< 4\\ \(>':i': :■'■ i:^ ' r I' «■' Si m\ Si ;fi!| 360 1759- July. May 5th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. the high ground behind it, and intrenched there : our army was already greatly diminillied, and would have been confiderably more fo, if the General had perfevered j all which deterring incidents, cri- tically concurring, prevailed on his Excellency to withdraw his troops, and give up the project for the prefent. I fliall now take a view of the operations of the army under the Commander in Chief, where we fliall find our friends have their fliare in the great choice of obftacles, which every-where appear in the redudlion of this province. The army under Major-General Amherfl:, Commander in Chief of all his Majefty's forces in North America, confifting of the ill, 17th, 27th, 42d, 55th, and 77th regiments of regulars, and the 80th of light armed infantry ; with thofe of Scuyler, Lyman, Rug- gles. Whiting, Worcefler, Fitch, Babcock, Lovewell, and Willard, provincials > a body of rangers and Indians, with a refpedtable de- tachment of the royal train of artillery, under Major Ord j (the reft of the army being detached, as will be hereafter mentioned, whereof the greatell: part are under Brigadier-General Prideaux, including a corps of Indians under Sir William Johnfon, who are to proceed up the IVTohawk river, thence to Niagara ; and the remainder, under Bri- gadier-General Stanwix, deftined to the weftward, towards Pittf- burgh, &c. with each a party of artillery and light troops) were as early in motion as the feafon of the year would admit. Before I proceed to particularifc, it will be necelTiiry to communicate to the reader feme general orders, dillributed to the army, antecedent to their movements. Albany, May 5, 1759. " Colonel Prideaux is appointed to ferve as Brigadier-General, " and to be obeyed as fuch. Colonel Towndiend and Lieutenant- *« Colonel Amherfl are Deputy Adjutant-Generals j Captains D'arcy, ** Prefcot, and Abercromby, Aids de Cuiip to the Commander in ' Chiefi his 759- reneral, tenant- 'arcy, der ill Chiefi (C €C (C *( (C (C (C (( €( <( t( t( « <( (C HISTORICAL JOURNAL. martial, but the Commander in Chief was gracioufly pleafed to pardon him. Such of the provincial troops as never fired ball are ordered to be out, and fire at marks. The firfl: battalion of the Maffachufet troops are under orders of readinefs to march on the fhorteft notice. The Field-Officers of the provincial troops take their tour of duty in the line, with thofe of the regulars. This morning an Off ' r and fix men, from the enemy, under a fiag of truce, ap- peared to the advanced Gentries of the fevcn-mile port ; they were immediately condudled by a private path to the General ; it is fur- miled that their errand relates to the exchange of prifoners. Co- lonel Grant is very diligent in finifhing his works, which are in great forwardncfs ; he detaches fcouts every day to Lake George and South Bay, but, as yet, has made no difcoveries ; that bay runs within fourteen miles of fort Edward. Returns are daily made to the General from the feven-mile poll, as well of the quantity of florcs which arrive, as the fituation of affairs there. The Royal ind New-Jerfcy regiments are under orders of readinefs to march ^n the fliorteft notice. In the regulations of this day, it was notified that ■ ''ORDERS. ** All the fpeclcs of provifions, which the contradtors have en- gaged to furnilli the troops, are to be delivered, when the feveral - "^.tecie^ are in florej but if the more ncccliarv demands f.)r car- ** riages ihould prevent the mofl: bulky articles from being brouglit *' to the army, or the contrador may not at all times have it ** in his power to furnilh a fufficlent fupply of every fpccics; in *' either of thefe cafes, if the regiments chufe it, they miy receive *' one article in lieu of another, in the following proportions : If ** peafe are wanting, one half the quantity of rice, or a pound of ** bread, or flour, or the third part of a pound of poriv, may be ** received in lieu of peafe. If peafe aad rice arc v/antinj, one Pi b b 2 '* pound 1759- (July June. 17 th. llli liM I nil 1: 111: ill 111, :: til, m t , ;. |ii ;l' ■■'; il '■■' .!}■••■.■ ... -t 372 '759- (July HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ** pound of pork, or two pounds twelve ounces of flour, may be ** received in lieu of peafe and rice. If peafe, rice, and butter arc ** wanting, one pound and a quarter of pork, or three pounds and ** an half of bread or flour, may be received in lieu of the peafe, ** rice, and butter. If the above proportions are taken in lieu of ** thofe fpecics that may not be in Itore, the regiments will then ** give receipts for their full rations." In the after-orders of this day, diredtions are given relative to flags of truce coming from the enemy, in like manner as the reader will find mentioned at the fiege of LouiflDOur*, under the orders dated the 15th of June, 1758, with this addition, " That a proper guard is always to be given from the advanced ** poll, for the protection and fecurity of thofe that may be " fent." June. i8ch. A large convoy of provifions, ftores, and batteaus was efcorted to-day to the feven mile poft by the firfl: battalion of Mafliachufets. The flag of truce returned, properly attended : • General Amherft * fent by the Officer to Monlieur Bourlemacque a tranfcript of the * order of the 12th inftant, relating to fcalping women and chil- * dren, &c.' Early this morning a detachment of one hundred men and a Captain, with fome rangers and Indians, were fent to the lake. A command of two Captains, ten Subalterns, with Non- commifiioned in proportion, and three hundred and twenty-eight men of the corps of grenadiers and light infantry, are ordered to move forward this night, and incamp by the fide of the road, as a guard on the cattle and waggons which accompany them ; they are directed to their poft by Lieutenant- Colonel Amherft. Two Field-Oflicers and eight hundred men, with an Engineer, half wjtli their arms, and the reft with tools, are under orders to parade tarly to-morrow morning, to repair the roads from fort Edward to the HISTORICAL JOURNAL. the four-mile port. The Royal are to march to-morrow, as are likewife the New-Jerfey and Connedticut troops; a Captain and iixty rangers will attend them. The moft inexperienced of the pro- vincials are daily out at exercife, and firing at marks j Brigadier- General Gage and Colonel Montrefor, arrived at the feven-mile pofl this evening. The Royal, with the New-Jerfey regiment and Connedicut troops, marched this morning to the feven-mile port, under the command of Colonel Forfter ; from thence the Colonel proceeded with the Royal, 55th, and New-Jerfey regiments, an Officer of Artillery and two field-pieces, one company of rangers, and fome Indians, towards the lake, and took port about three miles on this fide of it : the Colonel immediately cleared his ground, threw up an intrenchment, and fortified it with the trees that were felled ; a ftockade fort was marked out, which is to be ered:ed there. The grenadier and light infantry companies of the regiment, being formed into dirtindt corps, did not march with them from Colonel Grant's port ; the former are under the command of Colonel Ha- viland, who is to be affifted by Captain Campbell, of the grena- diers of the Royal Highlanders, appointed Major for this cam- paign i and the light infantry are to be commanded by Captain Holmes, of the 27th regiment, who, with Captain Gladwin of the 80th to afiift him, are both likewife appointed Majors for the campaign. The Royal Highlanders and light troops, under Colonel Grant, are under orders of readinefs to march to-morrow morning ; the troops are employed in repairing the roads from fort Edward j the carriages, being in a bad condition, are this day putting in order, by which the cattle have got a day of reft, and it is very requifite, they being greatly harrafled. The army (except the 77th and New Hamprtiire regiments) have received directions to march to-mor- row, according to the following excellent difpofition and orders. " ORDERS. 573 1759- (J"iy 31ft.) June. 19th. 20th. ! l! ■;*'. i, if 'I ') li ) 374 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1759' (July 31ft.) June. tt tt ti (( <( <( 4( t( <( ti <( (( (( <( (( C( (( (( (( (C «( (( (1; ti "ORDERS. ** The Generale to beat at half an hour before day-break, on which the army will immediately ftrike their tents. The Jljj'cm- dlee to beat half an hour after, on which the regiments will draw up in the front of their incampments, and are to be told off ready to march when ordered, the whole in two columns ; the regulars by the left by half files j the provincials by the right two deep, as they have always been accuftomed to it. Major Rogers, with the rangers, and Major Gladwin, with Gage's light infantry, will form the advance-guard, and are to take great precautions in keeping out flanking parties to the right, as far as the half-way brook, from thence to the lake ; they will have ad- vanced and flanking parties to the left as well as the ri^ht. Thefe corps will draw up at day-break, in the road beyond the front of the camp, of the left of the light infantry. The de- tachment, at prefent under Major Gladwin's command, will join their corps at day-break. The light infantry of the regi- ments need not ilrike their tents till the army is near marched by i the grenadiers will march by the left, and halt on the road, in the rear of Gage's, till Forbes's and the Innilkilling regiments join them ; which two regiments muft: march in the front of the firll line, the left of the 27th,joining the right of the 17th, till they join the grenadiers. Whiting's will march by the ri^ht, alono: their own front, to the front of Worccfler's ; Worceller's will follow Whiting's in the f imc order of march, and Fitch's will follow Worceder's j the whole marching along the front of the Rhode Kland regiment, which will follow Worccller's, and march up the hill along the left-hand road, till the left of Whiting's is oppofite to the left of the grenadiers j the fecond battalion of Rugglcs's will likewife march from the right, along their own front, falling in upon the rear of the Rhode Ifland regiment ; when that is paffed, the artillery-waggons will follow i then tlie tents and baggage are to follow, in the follow- " ing \f' d » ts 1, ill he It, ie ill /- (( <( HISTORICAL JOURNAL. " ing order : firft, the General's with his guard, then Brigadier- ** General Gage's j that of the rangers, light infantry of Gage's ; ** the grenadiers, Forbes's, Innilkilling's, Whiting's, Worcefler's, ** Fitch's, Bibcock's, and the fecond battalion of Ruggles's ; the *• baggage of the light infantry : the light corps under Major ** Holmes will form the rear-guard of the whole. The 77th, the *• New Hampfliire, and Willard's are not to march, but to remain ** under the command of Colonel Montgomery ; they will ftrike ** their tents to change their camp, as that Colonel will order ** them. The General expeds the flanking platoons (hall be " ready to turn out at a moment's notice ; that the whole army have their arms in order, ready loaded ; and that the men are, at all times, ready to receive the enemy : on all halts, the co- ** lumn to the right will face to the right, the column on the " left to the lefti and, in cafe any attack fhould happen, the left ** column (hall not face a man to the right, or offer to fire a fliot, " on pain of the fevereft puniflbment. When the regiments are " drawn up on their ground, the regulars will wheel their pla- *' toons to the left, and the provincials to the right, then as they " were, that the Officers and men may know the platoons they ** belong to, before they march off. Every platoon is to be at- *' tentive to the Officer that commands it. The Officer's attention ** muft be intirely to his platoon, obeying the orders of his Su- " periors : and the General expefts, th'at, though the Officers have " fufils, none of them will be fo inconfiderate as to amufc them- " felves in firing at the enemy, by which they would inevitably " negleft the much more eflential part of fervice, — the care of '* their platoons ; and he abfolutely forbids the Officers' firing, *' unlefs on emergent occafions. Whatfoever poft an Officer may ** be fent to take, the General expedts he will firfl: vifit the ground " round him, and pofl his centinels as he judges beft, to make it ** impoffible for the enemy to furprife him j centinels muft net •* be out of fight, or hearing of the guard, or of each other ; the 275 T759- June. III :iip r III ! r y ■ 11 m I; .1 ' ' (,! f. Offi cer :>76 »759' (July Tunc. ':nlt. 241I1. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. " Officer will throw up logs, or ftrcngthen his poll by the heft ** means he can, (o that the enemy (hall not force it, as the Ge- ** neral intends never to take any port: that (hall be abandoned, ** but (ball be defended and fuftained on all occafions, unlefs he *• himfelf, on fome extraordinary event, (hall give the Officer who ** commands at the poft particular orders to the contrary." The ftockade at the feven-mile poft was finiffied to-day j the Ge- nerJ, with Brigadier Gage and the army, purfuant to the orders of yefterday, marched from fort Edward, and took poft at lake George ; they were joined by the Royal Highlanders from Colonel Grant's poft, Lieutenant-Colonel Payfon remaining there in com- mand with one thoufand provincials, feven field-pieces, and an Officer and twelve Artillery- men j the General took fix twelve- pounders, two fix-pounders, and two howitzers with him, under the condudt of the Officer commanding the artillery, together with a large quantity of every kind of ammunition for cannon and mufketry ; one^hundred carriages, with batteaus ; and a great manv others, with provifion and other ftores. Provifions, batteaus, and whale-boats continue to be forwarded from fort Edward to the feven-mile poft. Very hot weather for fome days paft. The General is bufy in redoubling his camp at lake George, and repairing the roads ; the moft prudent precautions are taken to prevent a furprife, and his centries are all doubled at night- tall. Colonel Payfon's poft was alarmed, two days ago, by a report of fome Indians being feen lurking between liis camp and fort Ed- ward i he detached a company of provincials to fcour that part of the country, but they did not make any dilcoveries. The Co- lonel is very alert in forwarding provifions and ftores to the lake, as faft as they arrive at his poft ; he has contradted the works that were thrown up by Colonel Grant, and takes great pains to fecure his poft from a furprife ; to which end frequent fcouting parties are detached to South Bay, and the neighbourhood of his camp j and. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. and, though feldom a day pafles without an alarm, he is very dili- gent in caufing his men to be inftruded in the exercife of tlie firelock, and rendering them expert marlTimen. The vveatlier is Co intolerably hot, that the teams can fcarce perform their duty; and on this account proviuons only have been forwarded to Colonel Payfon's port from fort Edward, for feveral days ; the army at lake George are well fupplied with greens and fpruce-bccr, and parties are every-where detached to fecure the communications between the camp and the dependent polls, by which tlie waggons can travel in fafety. Several battcaus of the enemy have lately appeared on the lake ; they attempted to furprife two Officers and a few men, who were fi(hing off Diamond ifland, diftant fourteen miles from the army ; the Officers inftantly put a-fhore, and made the bell of their way to the camp, with the enemy clofe to their heels, infomuch that they had barely time to fave themfelves j whereupon the General fent a filhing party on the following day to the fame place, under Captain Stark; and at the fame time a Covering party was detached, confiding of two companies of grenadiers, two of light infantry, fome rangers and Indians, the whole under Major Campbell, with an intent to form an ambufcade : the fidiing party were direcfted to keep with- in call of each other, and-vvere to be ready to follow Captain Stark, whofc boat was dillinguiflied with a red Hag, and he had orders, upon the appearance of an enemy, to row in {liore where the am- bufh lay, and in fo feemingly fearful a manner, as to decoy the enemy after them. This fcheme was exceedingly well concerted, but was not attended with the wiflied for fuccefs ; if it had been necellarv, Major Campbell was to have been fuftained by a larger detadimcut of grenadiers and light troops, under Colonel Haviland, who were ported for that purpofe. Colonel Montgomery commands at the feven-mile poll from fort Edward j he fent off a party of the artil- lery this day to the army ; as the convalefcents of the provincials arrive, who were left behind iick, they are immediately forwarded Vol. I. C c c to 377 (J"iy June. 27tll. m 1*1 11 'IM ■II ;'!^ I If I h. k '■ih •If. it i 1 i. J. . . . u\ ■[ ■ M- ■ m m 378 June 29th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. to their regiments. The Commander in Chief received an exprefs from General Wolfe, informing him, that L. received the following intelligence from an OfHcer of provincials and a ranging Ofiicer, who had been for fome time prifoncrs at Qaebec, vind efcaped from the enemy in a furprifing manner : * That the principal attention * of the Governor of Canada and the French Generals was in the ' defence of the fort and lines of Ticonderago ; that there was only * a garrifon of four hundred men at Quebec, but that Monfieur de * Montcalm had lately drawn moft of the army to its neighbour- * hood, and had a great number of artificers, and other workmen, * employed in rendering the place as defenfible as poflible j and tliat * fourteen fhips, with a few foldiers on board, laden with ftores and * provifions had arrived fafe.' Thefe Officers who came off in a canoe fell in with that fleet as they were working up to the bafon, who luckily took no notice of them j when they had got above one hun- dred leagues, tliey met a fhallop with three men, of which they poflefled themfelves, and afterwards fell in with a floop with four men on board, which they gallantly furprifed, and made the beft of their way in her to Louifljourg. The provincial troops are daily out at exercife, and firing by platoons. The incampment of the army is in a very difagreeable fituation, the ground being a loofe, fandy foil, and environed with commanding hills. The weather is now more moderate. The Halifax floop, which was built laft campaign for fourteen guns, and was funk at the clofe of it, partly engages our attention at prefent, as we are endeavouring to weigh her, for immediate fervice : Captain Loring, of the navy, has the fuperintendence of this work ; likewife the care of the batteaus, whale-boats, naval ftores, &c. &c. and all batteau-men, and others concerned, are ordered to obey him in every thing relating to thofe affairs. Some of the team- drivers, prefuming- to fire at birds on the road, caufed an alarm at Colonel Payfon's poft : yeflerday a fcouting party of the Colonel's, who had been detached to f to HISTORICAL JOURNAL. to South Bay, and to reconnoitre the environs of his camp, return- ed without making any dilcovery ; by a fmall party of Indians de- tached by Brigadier Prideaux, the General received information that his army (confifling of the 44th and 46th regiments, the firft battaUon of Royal Americans, a good body of provincials, and near a thoufand Indians under Sir William Johnfon) had marched from fort Stanwix, the 2 2d inftant. A party of rangers returned from a fcout, and report, that they favv a large incampment at Carillon. Several whale-boats of the enemy were difcovered on the lake by fome of our advanced fcouting parties; the 55th regiment marched to the three mile port from fort Edward, to relieve Colonel Whit- ing's provincials ; we have received mofl of the artillery flores that were at Colonel Payfon's poll j an artillery Officer and feven field- pieces ftill remain there. The provincials are daily at exercife ; they fire three rounds per man by platoons, pra^flife all the firing motions, and perform tolerably well j Colonel Scuyler's battalion is a very refpecflable corps. All the rangers and Indians were re- viewed to-day by Brigadier General Gage. The artillery were alio exercifed, of which the army had notice, that they might not be alarmed. Great precautions taken to prevent our teamfters, &c. being furprifed or way-laid on the roads. Wet weather : the troops are employed in conflrufting a Hone fortrels fit to contain a garrifon of fix hundred men; it is of an irre- gular form, fituated on a rock, has one front to the lake, and a large tradt of morals furrounds the other faces of it ; a cafemate is to be built in this fort, fpacious enough to receive four hundred men at leall; and there is great plenty of good lime-ftone, and ex- cellent brick clay, on the Ipot. Sixteen men of the New-Jerfey re- giment went out without leave this morning to cut fpruce, about a fmall mile from the left of our camp ; they did not take their arms with them : about eleven o'clock they were fired upon by a party of Canadians and Indians', who killed and wounded eleven of them; C c c 2 the 379 1759' 31(1.) June 30th. July I ijlll \ l!h iff it If, i h ■If j^i- 38o (July HISTORICAL lOURNAL. the others who efcaped (with fach of the wounded as were able) retired to a redoubt which covers our left Hank at the dillancc of about five hundred yards; the rabble purfu(;d them with great in- folencc, clofe to that intrench iiient ; and would have taken and killed every man of them, hud not the detachment who are ported there repulfed them with a biilTcfire; the picquets of the line, with our Indians and rangers, were inftantly fent in purfuit of thefe blood-hounds ; but, before they could come up with them, they fcalped all that fell into their hands, retired to their boats, and row- ed off: by the time our people got to the lake, the fcoundreJs were out of mulket-fliot, and infolently lay fome time on their oars, ihouting at them ; it is conjedbired this party did not exceed forty, and that they were the fame who were difcovered yefterday, in their whale-boats on the lake, by our advanced fcouts. In confequence of a meeting yederday of Brigadier Gage and the Commanding Odkers of the regular regiments, to take into con- iideration the payment of the troops, and the lloppages to be made, to inable the Captains to provide their men with fhirts, fhoes, llockings, &:c. it was agreed, that a Serjeant fliall receive fix fliillings, a Corporal and Drummer four (hillings, and a private foldier three fliillings, per week, New- York currency : and that their accounts fliould be made up, figned, and cleared every two months ; the Ge- neral was pleafed to approve of this regulation, and ordered the fame to be praCtifed and obferved for the future. Two rangers, who were prifoners with the enemy, lately made their efcape from Ofwegatchie, and fortunately, by mere accident, fell in with Fort Miller, whence they arrived here, after a ramble of feventeen days; they inform us, that the enemy have a fmall poll at Catarac- qui ; that they have been, for fome time part, at all their forts on lake Ontario, in great dirtrefs for provifions, and would actually have abandoned them and retired, had they not lately received a fupply j tluy alio hy, that the French have got two Hoops on the lake, but that II HISTORICAL JOURNAL. that they mount fuch htury guns, that, if rough weather was to come on, they would be in danger of foundering. The moft of the articles, which we buried lafl campaign, remained undifcovcrcd, by the enemy j they found a floating-battery that was funk in the lake, which mounted eight heavy pieces of ordnance ; and this was the only thing of any importance. This morning Colonel Montgomery's regiment with two of the provincials (Wil- lard's and Lovel's) and fome rangers, marched from fort Edward and joined the army j they had all our heavy artillery and a great num- ber of covered waggons, with the batteaus, on carriages, under their convoy; at Colonel Payfon's port they took up a detachment of an Officer and twelve artillery-men, with feven field- pieces, and arrived late in the evening ; the General, with a fmall efcort, went to meet them, and the weather favoured their march, being fair, and lefs fultry than of late. The army continue to be well fupplied with frefli provifions and fpruce-beer. Here follows an extract of this day's orders : "ORDERS. " The General fees, and does not doubt, that the men will, on all occafions, be very alert in turning out againft the enemy ; yet he cannot but difapprove of any men running out, of their own accord, on alarms that may happen, and abfolutely forbids it -, on any little alarm, the men employed at work are to go on as if nothing had happened, and not to quit their work until order- ed ; and all the men, not particularly employed, are immediately to join their regiments, but not to turn out, before they receive orders for it." *( it lat Our Engineers make great progrefs in eredling the new fort, and have got a frefh fupply of Bricklayers and Mafons, from the three corps that arrived yefterday. A fmall party of our Indians return- ed this day from a fcout ; they difcovered feveral of the enemy's fires at 3 8i 1750' (JuV 4CI1, ll 1:1 ' :( ^. !f "i l! 'i ti.,; ;! ft 11 V i 382 (Jt;ly July 6tl). HISTORICAL JOURNAL. at the firft narrows. We have got part of the Halifax floop (funk laft year) above water, and her guns, that have lain buried, were taken up to-day. The French favages are daily fculking in the vicinity of our camp, having the advantage of the adjoining emi- nences, whence they have a diflind view of all our tranfadtions : they lately purfued two of our Indians, for almoft two days to- gether ; but, by our picquets and light troops fcouring thcfc hills every day, they are in fomc meafure awed from giving us any con- liderable annoyance -, all our advanced guards are ordered to light fires at night-fall, and continue them until morning. The troops are permitted to bathe, at ftatcd hours in the lake ; which conduces much to the health of the foldiery. A number of men are employed in making brick and liniej others in works of various kinds, re- lating to the fiirther operations of the campaign, particularly at the new fort, the floop, batteaus, &c. and proper covering parties cvery-where attend them, by which they work in great fafcty j tlie provincial regiments, that arrived laft with Colonel Montgomery, are out at excrcife, pradlifing the firing motions, and firing by pla- toons. The Commanding Officer of the artillery is ordered to fuperin- tend the building a raft, to carry nine twelve-pounders over the lake ; a great number of batteaus are now repairing for the ordnance- llores : Major Rogers detached Captain Jacob, two days ago, on a fcout with a party of Indians. We are informed that Sir William Johnfon's corps of favages, who form a part of Brigadier Prideaux's army, have been very fuccefsful ; and they not only feem attached to our intereft, but have influenced the mofl: of their prifoners to bury the hatchet, and follow their example ; (this Ihe'ws the policy of thofe aborigines, in joining the fl:rongjfl: party.) The Brigadier's troops amount to about five thoufand five hundred efFedlives, in- cluding all ranks. Late this evening one of our centinels faw a man fculking among our batteaus, and challenged him j having no reply made to him, he repeated it ; when the other finding himfelf detevfled. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. detedted, difcharged his piece, which the centinel returned iti- ftantly ; and it is thought he wounded hi-^ mark, fome blood being traced from the place : this is fuppofcd to luivc been a French In- dian, that came with an intent to burn our boats ml naval (lores. The greatcft attention is paid to the bf^alth of the troopb upon all occalions, as well provincials as reguhr* The Commanding Otlicers of regiments are ordered to prepare rheir batteaus, and have every thing in readinefs to crofs the lake upon the firll notice. As fome mines are to be blown to-night by the Engineers, the army are apprifcd to prevent their being alarmed. The orders of the 26th of May, relating to ox-teams inftead of waggons, are countermanded ; and all futtlers, and others who are licenfed, are permitted to ufe what waggons, carts, or horfes, they find mod convenient for tranfporting refrefliments to the army. The Otiicers commanding at the feveral pofts are diredled to let all waggons pafs accordingly j neverthelefs the prohibition of rum, and fpirituous liquors, is always to remain in full force. All ftraggling cattle from the different pofls are ordered to be drove to- morrow to fort Edward j if any people have lofl any cattle, they are defired to take this opportunity to look for them, as this is the lafl fearch that will be made. The provincial troops are daily ex- ercifing and firing ; the utmofl pains are taking to render them ex- pert foldiers, in which the General is well feconded by the Officers of thefe corps j between two and three hundred of them are incor- porated with the artillery-men for this campaign, and are inflruded in that fervice. An iron eighteen-pounder was mounted to-day, in the flern of a new-built proe, and was afterwards loaded and dif- charged for trial ; fhe rolled confiderably, which is imputed to her being too narrow for her length. A reconnoitring party of ran- gers returned this evening from Crown-Pointi they confirm the in- telligence brought by our fcouts on the twenty-ninth of June, of there being a large incampm^nt at Carillon, but few or none of the enemy at Crown- Point; tliey add, that they faw Jacob and his party •759. (J"iy Jul)r 7th. u 1759- (Julv 8ih. 84 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. party fmartly purfued a-(hore by the enemy in canoes ; that they j fired at our people on the water, and they believe they came up with Jacob, for they heard a fmart firing for fome time after. The provincial regiments, ui.dcr arms to-day, to be perfedted in the manoeuvres contained in the regulations of the 20th of June. Colonel Townfliend took polt on the right, and Lieutenant-Colonel Amherft on the left, who were to diredl and fee if thefe corps comprehended clearly thofe orders, and underftood thoroughly what was meant by Front, Flank and Rear platoons : they made a good appearance, performed well, and gave great fuisfa<3;ion. The floop is now a-float, and repairing : the Engineers very diligent in forwarding the new fort ; weather variable, generally wet. ''ORDERS. 9th. (C it (( ^ 'if, i:^^ f " 1 i m' »m 383 July 15th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. pofls, and retire to their canoef! ; the Major then endeavoured to come up with them, but found it impoflible, their canoes, which were made of birch bark, being lighter and eafier-worked than our boats. See. we fired fcvcral fliot at them, but are uncertain as to any execution. After cliacing for fome time, the Major went back to the iflands, burnt and deftroycd all their works and huts, and returned, with his detachment, to the camp. Lieutenant-Colonel Eyre, with a great number of artificers and workmen, are engaged at Fort Edward, in rendering the fortifications of that garrifon more refpedlable. The artificers, that are to be left here at work on the New Fort, are to incamp to-morrow, in like manner as Major Dur- gey's detachment, with their arms and ammunition in complete good order. The retreat-gun was not fired this evening. Major Ord, of the artillery, being to make trial of fome carcafles this night, the army are apprifed of it, to prevent an alarm. In the orders of this day, the General obferves, that '* it will tend very much to the good •• of his Maje».y*s fervice that the works, now going on here, Ihould be carried on with as much expedition as poffible, that the army may be able to proceed ; the workmen are therefore ordered, for *• the prefent, to work from five till twelve o'clock, and from two ** to feven." Three hundred of the 77th regiment joined the army this day from Fort Ligonier, as did likewife Lieutenant- Colonel Payfton with the remainder of his detachment, except a command of four hun- dred, who were left at the flockade and the fmaller dependent ports. The floop has got her guns on board, and taken in her ballaft. Another fioating-battery is preparing to carry a brafs twelve-pounder, and a three-poander of the fame metal is mounted on the ftem of a fl;it-bottomed boat. The greateft pains are taken to inflrudt all re- gular and provincial detachments that join the army, in firing am- munition-cartridges by platoons, and manoeuvring in the woods, in like manner as the reft of the troops have done, purfuant to the General's fyftem. As the regiments are to carry provifions in their batteaus. cc C( HISTORICAL JOURNAL. battcaus, they are ordered to fend men, with covering-parties, to cut fafcines to lay in the bottoms of them. A large garden is formed here for the convenience of the New Fort, &c. A detachment of rangers, with a Captain, two Subalterns, three Serjeants, and (ixty volunteers, all under Colonel Tow.jlliend, em- barked this night in the flat-bottomed boat, batteaus, and whale- boats, and proceeded up the lake ; five provincial picquets, com- manded by Lieutenant-Culonel Miller, and a party of one hundred and fifty rangers, are under orders to parade at reveille- beating to- morrow, and march immediately to a pofl on the weft fide of the lake, to which they will be condudled by an Officer of rangers j each of thefe detachments of Colonel Townfhend and Lieutenant- Colonel Miller having only one day's provifions with them, it is conjedlured they are to adt in concert, and fuftain each other, as oc- cafion and circumftances may require. There not being any intelli- gence yet received from Captain Jacob, his fon is under great afflidion on his account, and menaces vengeance againft the enemy. Colonel Townfhend's detachment returned this morning : they rowed up as far as the firft narrows without meeting any of the ene- my, or making the leaft difcovery. We have weighed a large boat that was funk at the clofe of the laft campaign in forty fathom water : a filhing-party was fent out to-day ; and the raft, which was built by Major Ord, being finiflied, was launched this evening. Fafcines are making to line the bottoms of the batteaus. The troops are well fupplied with frefh provifions, (beef and fifh) which, with their fprucc- beer, and cjnftant bathing in the lake, contribute greatly to ketp them healthy, notwithftanding the wetnefs of the feafon. One hun- dred and thirty volunteers from the provincials are appointed for the ranging fervice : the difference of pay v/ill be made up to them. The army is imployed in loading the batteaus with artillery-ftores and provifions : five hundred barrels of powder, and a large quantity of (hot, were put vn board the iloop. Captain Bournie, of the French colony troops, being fent with a fiag of truce, he and his party were flopped 389 »759- (July J^'iy x6th. igth. m It! 390 J759- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. flopped at the iflands,where a detachment was left to guard them. This Officer informed us, that Captain Jacob and four of his Indians are prifoners ; that their army is fuperior to ours in numbers j and he ex- prefled great furprife at our not advancing to vifit them, &c. and of their being impatient of our coming, &c. &c. The letter he brought was from the Sieur de Montcalm to the General, and was merely com- plimental. A foldier of the 17th regiment, tried by a general court-martial, is this day to fuffer death, purfuant to his fentence, for a robbery and being a notorious offender. The General received an exprefs from Colonel Haldimand, of the firfl: battalion of the 60th regiment, in- camped at Ofwego : the Colonel acquaints his Excellency, that the army under Brigadier Prideaux advanced from thence towards Nia- gara on the I ft inftant, having left three hundred regulars, five hun- dred provincials, and a party of Indians, under his command at that port : that, foon after the departure of the army, his own Indians dif- covered a large body of the enemy on their march for Ofwego, which they inftantly reported to him, and he immediately fct all hands to work, and intrenched his camp, contrading his ground within nar- rower limits : that, after he had got his works in fome forward nefs, he detached a reconnoitring- party, who fell in with the enemy, and main- tained a kind of running-fight with them, until they got back to their intrenchments ; that next morning early the enemy attacked his port for near three hours, but, having only mull;etry, which they fired at a great diilance, and iii an irregular manner, without making the lead imprelTion, they thought proper to defiil for the prefent. The next day the enemy attacked an advanced redoubt, which had been thrown up for the protection of the Colonel's batteaus ; hut, finding tlunnrcrlvc" fired upon hy artillery, they retired after a few rounds, their Commanding Officer being wounded, as tlie Colonel afterwards learned by feveral deferters, who came in from them. Plis name is Le Come, who was fliot through one of his thighs ; and his dctach- jijent amounted to near one thoufand five hundred men, compofed of troupes HISTORICAT JOURNAL. troupes de Colonic^ Indians, and Canadians j of which the latter were moft numerous : what other lofs the enemy fuftained is not men- tioned : on our fide three were killed ; an Officer, an Engineer, and a private man, were wounded j in all fix. Monf. Le Come has been remarkable for feveral adls of the moft wanton barbarity on our people ; in which, as we are told, he always diftinguiflied himfelf, not fparing even the oxen that fell into his hands. In our loading the baUeaus, feveral of them proved leaky : in general, they are not of fufficient ftrength to carry ordnance-ftores. We have had a great deal of wind and rain, with fome fogs, of late. 391 J 7 59. (Julv 3'ft.} July. ! lit' " Orders for the army pafling the lake, (July 20.) ** The advanced guard is to confift of Gage's light infantry, with 20th. ** the Englifli flat-bottomed boat in the front of the center of their " whale-boats, drawing up a-breaft, covering the heads of the co- " lumns from right to left. The army to row in four columns : the right and firft columns to confifl: of rangers, light infantry of regi- ments, grenadiers, Willard's and Ruggles's fecond battalion, to be " drawn up, and row the boats two deep ; the Commanding OfHcers " in a whale-boat on the left of the battalions, the front rank in tiie " boats on the right, the rear ranks in the boats on the left, as tlie *' whole of this column marches, and embarks by the left j in which " order they will land. When this column lands. Colonel Bradlireet " will fend men to take care of all the whale-boats : the rangers, •' light infantry, and grenadiers, are to leave only what men are ab- ** folutely necellary, to take care of their tents and baggage in their ** batteaus. ** The fecond column is to confill of the two brigades of regulars marching and embarking by the left, beginning by the late Forbe^'s regiment i their front rank in the boats on the right, and the rear «« ranks in the boats on the left, rowing two boats a-breafl. *• The third column is to confift of all the artillery, the radeaus « a-head, followed by the rafts i all the Carpenters, thti boats with " the (( (( « (C •if \ liiri ill' iris: ■'I •I 392 1759- (July 31ft.) HISTORICAL JOURNAL. the tools, Schuyler's regiment, and Ruggles's firfl: battalion, with artillery-ftores, &c. embarking from their right, rowing two boats a-breaft -, their front rank on the left, the rear rank on the right, the Commanding Officers in a whale-boat on the right of the bat- talion J the left of Ruggles's will be followed by boats belonging to the Quarter-Mafters ; then Engineers, Surgeons, hofpital, Com- miflarics, futtlers, a large boat with provifions, and a float with horfes. ** The fourth and left column is to confift of Lyman, Worcefter, Fitch, Babcock, and Lovewell j they are to march and embark by the right, rowing two '.^atteaus a-breaft, the front rank on the left, the rear rank on the right, the Commanding Officers in a whale-boat on the right of the battalion. Whiting's will form the rear, covering the rear of the four columns from right to left ; their right to the fourth column, and left to the firft column j their rear rank to the columns, and front rank to the Halifax floop. *' The Halifax floop will cruife clofe to the rear of the whole. All the battalions, except Whiting's, are to leave neither more nor lefs than one Serjeant per regiment, and one man per company, for the care of the batteaus, tents, and baggage j and one Officer per bri- gade of the regulars, one for the five regiments on the left of the provincials, and one for the four on the right : the Officers, Ser- jeants, and men to be fixed on, and their names returned to the Major of brigade. Rangers, light infantry of regiments, and gre- nadiers, to be commanded by Colonel Havilaiid, with Lieutenant Brehme to attend him j Willard's and 2d battalion of Ruggles's com- manded by Col. Ruggles, Lieut. Cray to attend him : thcle two laft battalions to receive fifty axes each, by njiplying to Mr. Ruflcl, which, with thofe they already have, may do for what work will be req\iired of them. — The fecond column will be comniandcd by Brigadier-Ge- neral Gage ; Colonel Schuyler will command the two regiments of the third column, which will have each one hundred axes delivered to them, by applying to Mr. Ruflel, that they may be ready to clear the roads, the moment they are ordered to land j Lieutenant Rofe will " attend HISTORICAL JOURNAL. " attend Colonel Schuyler. The column on the left will be cotn- manded by Colonel Lyman, and will be ready to land on the weft fide, or where ordered : the columns to row at the fame height, and the boats to keep clear of each other's oars. C( (( 393 1759- (July 31ft-) ** Signals to be made on Board the Invincible RadcaUt or ** the Halifax Sloop. *' A fmall Union flag for Majors of brigades and Adjutants to come J"'/ for orders j a Red flag is for faiUng or rowing ; when ftruck, is for halting j then the boats muft drefs in their proper places im- mediately } a Blue flag is for the right column to land j when it is repeated, for Gage's light infantry and fecond column to land ; if repeated a third time, for the left column to land. The artillery will land after the fecond column ; Whiting's regiment to have the guard of the batteaus, and Colonel Bradftreet will make fuch difpofition for them as he thinks beft. A twelve-pounder on the left of the rangers ; an eighteen-pounder on the right of Lyman's. —The greateft care muft be taken of arms and ammunition ) the men to land in their waiftcoats, go as light as poflible, carrying only their blankets and provifions. No hurry\ no huzzaing^ on any account nvhatfoever ; and no man to fire ivithout orders from his Officer. — The Officers appointed to command will receive par- ticular orders from the General, in whatever fituation the regi- ments may be in, when landed, and night coming on. No mo- tions arc to be made in the night. Each regiment will fecurc their own ground. Firing in the night mufl be avoided ; the enemy mufi be received with fixed bayonets^ and the regiments not to quit their ground.— Even if the enemy could break through, tiie re- giments are never to croud or get up in heaps, but keep their ranks on all occafions. Silence am(5ng the men muft be abfolutely kept; no pafs-word to be regarded; no orders to be obeyed, but fuch as are delivered or fent in writing by Deputy Adjutants-Ge- neral, Aids de Camp, Majors of brigade, Deputy Quarter-Mafters- VoL. I. Eec ' ** Genera], ii li p. ll I if I • 394 1759- « it « « - «i i) 400 »759- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. they fired on each other, by which two were killed, This has t( *( << it 31ft.) occafioned the following orders to be ifliied : "ORDERS. July. " The General cannot but be furprifed that fuch brave and good troops (hould be fubjedl to be alarmed in the night, and that any of the men fliould fire after the orders he has given, without being commanded by their Officers to do it, by which they wound and kill their comrades ; and their not obeying the order of receiving the enemy in the night, with their bayonets fixed, will coft more men than all the fire the enemy can bring againft them ; and he hopes no farther alarms of this fort will happen." (After-Orders.) *• Sixty of Major Rogers's rangers will march, with their Com- manding Ofiicer, into the trenches this nighty and will be em- ployed, at a proper time, to alarm the enemy, by iiring into the covered way, to keep their attention from the workmen. The Commanding Officer, who marches out of the trenches, will al- ways acquaint the Officer, who relieves him, of the different polls he has, and every thing that is material for him to know.— As it may be necefl'ary to have a counterfign, by which the men in the trenches may know each other in the night, the counterfign for this night is Boston." te t( <( (( (( (< t( Two twenty-four pounders, and a thirteen-inch mortar, with their ammunition, were brought up this morning, condudled by the Commanding Officer of the artillery ; the enemy have kept an incefiant fire on the trenches thefe laft twenty-four hours ; they have now got the dillance to the camp, and gall us confiderably, four being killed by a fliell, and feveral wounded j notvvithftanding thefe annoyances, we have carried our approaches within fix hun- dred , HISTORICAL JOURNAL. y9i7 a/ drea yeacs. of the fort, and Major Rogers, with his Indians, are advanced, endeavouring to amufe the befiegcd from our works by popping into theirs. The Honourable Colonel Townfliend was picked off to-day in the trenches by a cannon-lhot j he is very defervedly lamented by the General and the army. The enemy have got a bridge a-crofs the lake, with works to cover it, intend- ing thereby to fecure their retreat. The flat- bottomed boat, with fifty whale-boats, now on Lake Champlain, arc ordered to proceed with a body of light troops, to deftroy fuch works as the enemy may have thrown up to obftrudt the navigation, as well as to amufe them on that fide. The duty of the trenches is done by regiments, taking it alter- nately J we are very bufy in forwarding artillery-ftores, and expeft to open our batteries to night or to-morrow morning ; the enemy continue to fire warmly on our approaches, but their fhot and (hells do not fo much retard our operations as the ground we work on, it being an uncommon weighty, ftifF clay. Two provincial centries, who had been ported between the army and the landing-place, were taken off by the enemy's Indians and fcalped ; fome batteaus coming from the other end of Lake George, the men ventured to go a-{hore to drefs fome provifions, and were fired upon by a party of Indians, who killed and fcalped five, and madf three prifoners. The fire of the fort is much abated, by which we are inclined to think the enemy have damaged the beft of their artillery. (After Orders.) ** As there have been fome Indians firing in the rear to-day, the ** General depends upon the regiments not being alarmed, if they •* fhould hear fome firing in the night. The counterfign this night •' is London," About ten o'clock this night fome deferters came into the tren- ches, to apprife us of the enemy's having abandoned the fort j and, before they could be conduded to the General, their magazine blew up, whereby the wooden works of the place were fet on fire j Vol. I. F f f before 401 1759- (July 3'ft-) J"iy 26th. '. » (. •■X I ; : ' :-. { ' I y 402 1759- 3'ft.) 27th. HI STORICAL JOURNAL. before they went off, they loaded all their (hells, guns, and mufketry up to their muzzles, with port-fufe's to the vents j and the flames, communicating to them, rendered the place for fome time inaccef- fible, with any degree of fafety. The General, being afcertained of this great event, detached Colonel Haviland with the light in- fantry of regiments, and the rangers on the lake, with the flat-bot- tomed boat and whale-boats to follow and harrafs their rear; who came up with fome batteaus laden with powder, which they took, and made fixteen men prifoners, one of whom was a Cadet. Early this morning a Serjeant of regulars requefted the General's permiffion to go into the fort and llrike the French flag which they left flying j his Excellency having confented, this bold volun- teer loft no time in executing his refolution, and foon after brought it fafe to camp, for which he was genteelly rewarded. The Parole this day is King George. A detachment was fent into the fort to endeavour to extinguifli the flames, and fome gunners to draw the guns, &c. which they are in hopes to accompliflij the enemy's principal mortar was burft yefterday, as we had conjedtured by the flacknefs of their fire. The main of our army, incamped within the lines, began to level GUI own works, and to fill up the road we have made from lake Champlain, to the Saw-mills, for the carrying on the fiege ; four battalions of provincials are incamped nearer to the fort for repair- ing the works. Five hundred men are detached back to Lake George, for provifions and ftores ; a number of French batteaus that were funk in the lake are ordered to be weighed, and a brig with fome boats, which Captain Loring had diredtions to build, are to be finifhcd with all poflible difpatch, in order to render us fuperior to the naval force of the enemy on the lake. On the morning of the 2 2d, when we landed, Monf. Bourlemacque's forces amounted to two thoufand eight hundred men (regulars and Canadians) with about three hundred favages, who all immediately retired, except a detachment of four hundred men, that were left for HISTORICAL JOURNAL. for the defence of the fort and its dependencies } this information we received from deferters, and it is confirmed by the prifoners, who add, that their army are retired to the Narrows, about three leagues up the lake j and are rcfolved to make a ftand there, being ftrongly intrenched, with every advantage of fituation. Our lofs, in the redudlion of the fort and lines of Tinconderoga, amounted to * one Colonel (Townfliend, whofe remains are tranf- * mitted to Albany for interment) one Lieutenant, and fifteen pri- * vates killed, and about fifty wounded.' The army are employed in drawing artillery, ftores, and provifions to the fide of Lake Cham- plain, alfo launching batteaus and whale-boats with all expedition, as the General feems anxious to be in pofleflion of Crown- Point ; the troops are in high fpirits. By our laft accounts from the fouth fide of Lake George, Colonel Montrefor had got the new fort in a refpe^ble paflure of defence^ which is now called Fort George* This afternoon an exprefs arrived from the army before Niagara,. with an account of the death of Brigadier General Prideaux, who- was unfortunately killed in the trenches, on the evening of the 19th,, by an accident, the Gunner inconfiderately firing, as the General was palling ; the fhell burfi: as fbon as it had cleared the mouth of the cohorn, and a large piece of it ftruck him on the fide of his head ; Brigadier General Gage is ordered to proceed to Ofwego, to take upon him the command of that army over which Colonel Haldimand, from Ofwego> prefides at prefent, being immediately fent for by Sir William Johnfbn, upon that unlucky event. The army are employed in forwarding matters for the farther operations of the campaign j alfo preparing to clear the fort, and conflruft barracks for a new garrifon : we have received intelligence,. that Monf Bourlemacque's forces are moved to Crown-Point, where they have got two armed floops and a fchooner -, they pre- tend to hold our naval force in contempt, and flatter themfelves we (hall be delayed here in. building large vefl^ls, and that we cannot well proceed without a reinforcement : fmall parties of our light F f f 2 troops- 1759- (July i 1 July l> 29th'. I 404 »759- (July :ift. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. troops are fcouting in the neighbomrhood of Crown-Point, and riinging the mountains that overlook that fortrefs. Five companies of provincials joined the army to-day ; the enemy had formed a plan here of eredting a fmaller fort near the water-fide, but, as they had not finilhed it, the General has ordered it to be thoroughly completed. It rained fo incefTantly yefterday, and the preceding night, that all our works were intirely at a iland ; the General is concerned at the delay it occafions in forwarding the batteaus over the carrying- place. The fort of Ticonderoga is fmall, though refpedably fituated, being a fquare with four baftions, raifed with large timbers (in like manner as its late formidable intrenchmentsj) there are two ravelins of mafonry that cover the front next the lines, to which only ap- proaches can be made ; it has a ditch of a moderate depth and breadth, with a glacis and covered way in good condition ; the counterfcarp of the ditch and glacis are of mafonry j there are cafe- mates in the fort waich have not fufFered by the late revolutions, and eleven excellent ovens that prove very ferviceablc to the army. The barracks for the garrifon, with moft of their ftore-houfes, are burned down, but the walls do not appear to be damaged : one baftion and a part of two curtains are demoliflied by the explofion of the magazine. This famous fortrefs is built upon a rock, and, in order to level the foundation, its furface is covered with ma- fonry : Colonel Eyre has got diredions to repair it with all expedi- tion, upon the fame plan as the enemy had erefted it. Thus has our Commander in Chief curbed the infolence of the French in this part of the country, and, by his incomparable mca- fures and fleady perfeverance, compelled the enemy, with very little lofs on our fide, to abandon a pafs which has proved, for fe- veral years back, a defperate thorn to his Majefty's fubjedls of New- England, New- York, &c. and fruftrated all oar endeavours fince the commencement of this war. Great The End of the First Volume. 1 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Great feats are and hare been often atchieved by muike alone, but fuch daring undertakings fhould only be referred fonnd at- tempted in, merely neceffitous, defperate cafes ; and artillc, as in this inftance now before us, be employed where it can be;ndered truly ferviceable; for a General will thereby not only pvent a great effufion of human blood, but prudently preferve the lis of his valiant troops (his fellow-creatures) for farther enterprife.^acquire to himfelf the reputation of an able Commander, and difarge his duty, more efFe