IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A y. ^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 M 2.2 2.0 1.8 U IIIIII.6 V] <^ /] VI ^■^//''/ ^^ /. 01^ \v V y!^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSrER.N.Y. )4SS0 (716) 873-4503 ^6 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques s> \^ Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes technii The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. n Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagde D Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurde et/ou pellicul6e □ Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque □ Coloured maps/ Cartes gdographiques en couleur rry Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ L Ld Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) D Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur D Bound with other material/ Relii avec d'autres documents n Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intdrieure D Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 filmdes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppl6mentaires; This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filma au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X J 12X 16X 20X iraphic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques i best es of this que. i change i below. L'institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a iti possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvsnt modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la methods normale de filmage sont indiquds ci-dessous. ie □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur □ Pages damaged/ Pages endommag^es E'^ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restauries et/ou pelliculdes rT~y Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ I u^ Pages ddcolorees, tachet^es ou piqu^es □ Pages detached/ Pages ddtachdes r black)/ ue ou noire) / eur r~~T/ Showthrough/ Lzd Transparence r~~1 Quality of print varies/ Quality indgale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du material supplementaire }r distortion nbre ou de la eure ion may lossible, these :hes ajoutdes t dans le texte, IS pages n'ont D D Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 filmies d nouveau de fapon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. checked below/ ion indiqu6 ci-dessous. 8X 22X 26X 30X J 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library of the Public Archives of Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with tha front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol —»•( meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: 1 2 3 1 2 4 5 :ed thanks L'exemplaire filmA fut reproduit grAce A la ginirositA de: La bibliothdque des Archives publiques du Canada quality egibllity I the Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. ire filmed ng on d impres- te. All ig on the npres- I printed Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimie sont filmis en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par ie second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. iche "CON- END"), Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ^> signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". d at je to be ned left to s as ite the Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de Tangle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 ii% I (it Fertile Districts -ow Western (aNada Manitoba, ^LBFIiTAr J{sS/fllBOI/{, Sj^SKJiTCffEWJifll. J '•W^ ! |\ ! \JcH>it(>l>n '3, 1 N vV # y/??" Id ■7 V Ik f/,ll f I A Land of Wheat and of T H Mixed Farming". M N ^Ir at & The Canadian Nortli West. WESTRRN CANADA, on the whole, inchides an area of some 2,50().()<»0 sijuare miles, hut the portion of tliis vast territory to he desrrihed in this puhlication is limited to the four sreat divisions. Thesearethe province of Manitoma and the districts of Assinihoia, Albkhta and Saskatciikwan. These four divisions are wholly within the fertile prairie region, and contain an area of some HO,O0U si^uare miles, or ahout '280,(i, (KM). (MKI, or over ; the increase in number of head of cattle from some .M),0(X) to over tiOO,OtX); \ the construction of nearly 1,00<) miles of railway ; the build- ; ingupof towns and cities of from 2,000 to 30.000 inhabit- ants, — all this is a record of twelve years, and yet this record can scarcely })e taken as a standard by which to judge the future, as everything cannot be undertaken at once by a comparativelv small pioneer population. An idea of the progress made in the last ten years may 1)6 gathered from the following figures, relating to the prairie section only : — I8H1. Population 40.000 Grain crop in bushels 720. 0(X) Railway mileage. Number of elevators . . Klevator capatiity Number of post oflfices Number of schools 1.^0 *i801. 200.000 .".5,000,000 l,0»K) 100 I),0(X),000 fiOO 720 *These figures have been considerably enlarged iluring 1898. MANii THE Province of Manitoba is one of the seven provinces of the Dominion of Canada. It is situated in the very centre of the North .Vmerican continent, being midway between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Winnipeg (population 35.000,) the capital of the province, is 1,424 miles from Montreal, the summer port of the Arlantic Ocean steamships, and l,48H miles from Vancouver on the Pacific Ocean. The southern frontier of the I'rovince, bordering on the United States, is about the same latitude as Paris and the south of German/. 8 Maniloha has an area of llti.Oil squaro miles, or nearly 7I,000,()()0 acres, about tlie same area as is contained iu Eng- land, Scotland and Ireland put toK*'thor. It. contains at the present time a population of about lo.").iM)i). the larpor [)Ortion of whom are from (Jreat Britain and Ivistt^rn Canada. There are also a large nuuibcr of settlers from other countries. It is impossible in the space availal)le to give more than the merest outlines of the capabilities and natural advantages that this provini'.e posses.ses : these; are set out fully in the several descriptive publications issued l)y the Canadian Pacific Railway. <'Opies of which can be obtained on appli- cation iit any of the olHces of the Company. Richest Soil in the World The soil is a rich, deep, argiUaceou.s mould, or loam, rest- ing on a deep and very tenacious clay sub-soil. It is among the richest, if not the richest soil in the world, and especially adapted 'o the growth of wheat. The large surfiki-; of wheat proiluced in Manitoba is eagerly sought after by Huropean millers, and owing to its superior iiuality and hardness, commands the highest |)rice of any wheat grown in the world. General Features Manitoba is not a monotonous stretch of level prairie, hut, on the contrary, its topography is of a varied and diversihed character, and in some parts extremely pictures'iue. A large portion of the famed Red River \'alley lies within its borders. In the south it is broken iiy the I'embina and the Turtle Mountains, and in the north by the Riding Mountains. The ea-itern ;ii)d central portion has large areas of forest, broken up with lakes and prairie op^nings. It is well watered by numerous rivers, which generally occupy broad and deep valleys, and are almost invariably wooded along the banks. An Advanced CiTilization Manitoba to-day though young, enjoys all the (-oncomit- ants of advanced civilization. Her postal service is quite complete for so new a country, and is being rapidly improved. Telegraph lines are being established throughout the pro\ince and are being constantly extended. Four different railway systems, with their branches spliMididly equipped, afford transportation facilities of an excej)tional character. In the cities and towns yas and electri<-ity snt>ply light and motive power, and so the catalogue m'ght be extended- The people of the province have, in their educational, religious and philanthropic institutions, given incontestahle evidence of their advanced ideas, their generosity, and public spirit- edness. while the authoiities have been granting liberal aid when warranted in so doing, by establishing and fostering agricultural societies, farmers' institutes, an experimental farm, insane asylums, an institution for the deaf and dumb, a home for incurables, and other similar institutions. Climate The climate of Manitoba is warm in summer and cold in winter. The atmosphere, however, is very bright and dry, and the .sensation of cold is not so unpleasant as that of a cold temperature in a humid atmosphere. Warm clothing, especially in driving, and warm houses, are, however, re- (juired. The snow fall is very light. Manitoba is one of the healthiest countries on the globe for man and beast, and pleasant to live in. There is no malaria and there are no diseases peculiar to either the province or the climate. The lo afford the ity. War sometiraet are alway Harves is not an i all cut, ih To all t that the h toba. Ra villages ai the settler English. .'■ vians. etc wealth of are placed The fui now knov tiguous to inexhaus^ River and mi es of c The U this coal i cording tc facdities i possible b excellent < enjoys mo cheap sup The po an increai ion has n past four increased the railw miles, wh to be deri tlOO post and aided T 'HE M nc pa four mill Canadian 112 miles V^- jr nearly I iu P2np;- n.s at the r [)Ortion la. There I tries. It i til an t.lic vanlanejs : y in the } Canadian ! an appli- : am. rest- s anions sjiecially litoha is nK to its est price irie, but, versified A large bcrder.s. le Turtle ins. The broken tered by ind deep e banks. onooni it- is (jiiite n proved. province railway , afford In tlie 1 motive e people ous and ilence of i c spirit- ' eral aiil osterinij; •i mental d dumb, cold in .nd dry, lat of a lothing, iver, re- le globe re i.s no ;her the Tho Slimmer is Cliarmiiiff The long hours of continuous sunshine and warmth afford the remaining conditions to bring the crops to matur- ity. Warm weather, usually very equabKi, prevails, but sometimes a heated spell develops. The nights, however, are always cool and most agreeable. Harvesting begins in August and emls in S<'ptember. It is not an uncommon thing for a farmer to have his wheat all cut. ihresht'd and marketed before the end of September. To all these natural advantages may be added the fact that the hard^liips of pioneicing are scarcely felt in Mani- toba. Railways, schcols, churches, and thriving towns and villages are now scattered all over the country. Wherever the settler turns he will find coloniecotch, Irish, Welsh, French. iJermans, Scandina- vians, etc., all vieing with one another in building up the wealth of the province. I'nder the laws of this country all are placed on the same fo ting. Cheap Fuol The fuel question has been satisfactorily solved. It is now known that there are vast coal areas within and con- tiguous to the province of su''h extent as to be practically inexhaustible. It has been di-scnvered that between lied River and the Rocky Mountains there are some •)."> OOOsijuare mi.es of coal bearing strata. The Legislature has effected an arrangement by which this coal is to be supplied at from $;i.")0 to iS").O0 per ton, ac- cording to locality. With the extraordinary transjiortation facdities possessed here, controlled and regulated as far as possible by the Legislature, and with enormous deposits of excellent coal, easily and inexpensively available, Manitoba enjoys most exceptional advantages, assuring an ample and cheap supply to all her inhabitants. Population The population of Manitoba during t he last decaile showed an increase of 1 18.01 j)er cent. No oth<^r part of the Domin- ion has made and is making such rapivl strides. During the ()ast four years the area of lands under cultivation has been increased more than lOt) per cent. During the past ten years the railway mileage has been increased from 275 to 1,.575 miles, while the people of the province enjoy the a the south, kli Absence of rust due to dryness of climate. .">th Absence of insect foes. These conditions are specially favorable to tlie growth of the hard Hinty wheat of the Scotch I'yfe variety, tliat is so highly prized by millers all rhe world over, giving it a value of from lOc. to 25c. a bushel over the softer varieties grown in Europe and the older parts of Canada. The wliole of the crop of 18'»;{in Manitoba and the several districts of the North- West Territories has been harvested without loss from drought, frostor similar destructive agen- cies. The great hulk of the wheat crop will reach the high- est grade, No. 1. Hard. ii-anturn Assiniboia Moosomin is situated en the main line of the (Canadian Pacific Railway, on section HH. township VA. range 31, west of the 1st principal meridian of the Dominion Lands Survey. It is '221) miles west of Winnipeg, and nine miles west of the I western boundary of Manitoba. On entering the Provisional ; District of Assiniboia from theeast along the line of railway I it is the first town reached, and it is therefore called the " gateway city " of the Territories. It i.-^ the capital of the judicial district of Eastern Assinil)oia As an agricultural district Moosomin is a wonderfully favored one, lying as it does in the great stretch of the fertile belt. The area is about 2."i miles broad by 72 miles in length, bounded on the east by the Province of Manitoba, on the north by the lovely valley of the (^»u'.\ppelle River, and to the south by the Pipestone creek, a perfect iiaradise for cattle. The soil is general!}- loam, covered witli about 12 to 18 inches of black vegetable mould, which aftor the se-.ond {)lowing makes a fine seed bed, easy to work and of the most produc- tive nature. The general aspect of the country is rolling prairie ; in the hollows grow the heavy luxuriant grasses where the farmer obtains his supply of winter hay. The principal grains grown are wheat and oats. The ordinary yield of wheat is from 20 to 30 bushels to the acre. All kinds of roots, too, are a sure crop. The soil is so rich that no fertil- izers are necessary, so that in this direction a large amount of time and money is saved. Nowhere can farming be done more easily, and nowhere can the frugal, earnest and Indus- j trious man start on a smaller capital. ' It offers an opening to the poor man if he vrill work and exercise economy, for after a year or two of hard work he finds himself in possession of a home, all his own, free ^om t.he harrassing conditions of a rented or mortgaged farm. Mixed KniMiMUii m A '^. •-5], :>■ ••.'V-:-vv-'> I * / -Ti'-- ' vv^^'-' o (A < e u U. In the Canadian North-West. ¥¥¥ r\t^nt'nr\ <) C < e u E (. «« u. Western Assiniboia This rpjfion. which is fully e.|ual to tho Bow iintl Belly Rive;- District iii Alberta ksii stock country, is nowRttriKf iri>; the attoiition it liest-rvPH. as Hrt«'steci of settlers that have taken up lan-l ilurinK the past season It is everywhere tliickly covered with a j;ootl ^'lowth of nutritious (jra'^'^Bs, the urass is usually the short, crisp variety, known as ' Muffalo (!jass. " which hecoiiies to all a[)pearances dry ahout uiid-sumiiier. hut Ik still j^reen ami Krowini: at the roots and forms excellent pasture l»oth in \vint»'r and summer. It is amazing the rapidity with whi' h poor emaciated animals hrouj:ht from the Kast j^et sleek and fat on the Buffalo ^rass of the plains. The suppiv of timher on the hills is considerahle. There is also an abundance of fuel of a different kind in the coal seams that are expo.sed in many of the valleys. Settlers in this section of the I'om- pany's lands have thus at hand an aliundant supply of tinil)er suitable for house lo^'s and fen<'iiiK- and bnh coal ami wood for fuel. Tho Cypross Hills Country These hills, which may be dimly seen in the south from the iiaiUvay. are espei iaily adapted for stock raising, and as their elevation is sutlicient to make general farming an un- certainty, the ^rass land that nature has so bountifully provided will not likely be disturbed by the plow, thus fiivin;^ to the farmer on the plains adjoininf< never failing hay meadows and unlimited pasture ^tound for his stock. The .snow fall is lii;ht. the climate is tempered by the Chinook winds, and water and shelter are everywhere abundant. Jroat herds of ranjj;e cattle r >am at will all over these seenun^^ly boundless pastures. The profits to tho stockmen are lar^e as can be readily imaf;ined when it is shown that %\2 [)er head was paid for steers on these ranfjes. animals that cost their owners only the interest on the original in- vestment incurred in stocking the ranche, and their share in i the cost of the annual round ups. Yearlings are now bt-injj^ * senc into this country all the way from Ontario to fatten on ; the nutritious- j^rasses of these Western plains, and it is reckoned that after paying? cost of calf and freight for 2.(^K)U I miles, the profit will be greater than if these cattle had beeti fattened by stall feedinj; in (►ntario. Everything.? seems to point towards this beinjr the future fattening ground for cattle intended for Eurojiean markets. Sottlomcnts The principal settlements are in the district south of Maple ('reek, Dunmore and Medicine Hat. Parties in search of land, either for mixed farminj:; or stock-raising, are ad- vised to examine the country sou'h-west of Swift Current Station, along the Swift Current Creek, south and west of Gull Lake, south of Maple Creek, the Valley of Mackaj' Creek that flows north from the Hills and south of Irvine and • Dunmore. 9 .~M<». ■.». ALBERTA THE Provisional Distrii^t of Alberta, the^n-at rancliint;, dairy farm in;:: ami mineral country of Wt'stcrn Canada, embraces an area larger than that of Kni;land and Wales tot,'etber. In it are comiirisod 1", millions of acres of the most fertile soil on the continent, and some of America's best deposits of coal and metal. W. Qenc3^' .^'oaturos Alberta may bedescribed as having three distinct surface features, viz.: i'rairie lands on the east, whidi are thickly rimber<^d in the nortliern part of the province ; then come the roUin}^ land or foot aills, extending? some K) miles from the ba.se of the mountains, mostly heavily timbered, and lastly the majestic mountains, containinj^ vast cjuantities of gohl and other ores. That part of the District of Alberta, already proven to lie '.'•ell suited for }::eneral farming by the methoils followed in the old provint.'s of the Dominion of Canada, as well as in the United States, extends from the American line on the south for 4n(( miles north, and from the foot of the Rocky Mountains fo'- '200 miles eastward. The southern half of this area is well adapter! for raising horses, cattle and sheep, and fattening them without', other food than the rich bunch and buffalo grasses which grow everywhere spontaneously, and which cures itself on tlio stem, retaininij: its nutritious [iroperties all the year round, without cuttui!.; oi covering. ex(;epting that it might be covered by the light falls of snow during the winter months, which covering rather improves it than otherwise, and is very sehloni deep enough to prevent the animals eating it olT the ground. During the last five years many thousand cattle, sheep and horses have besses, beyond dispute, the mo>t uniformly produf.tive land at present Ojieu for fn^e settle- ment. The railway to Mdmonton was completed in the year 18MI . and thus some of the finest farming di-»tricts in the North- West, hitherto practicallv inaccessible to the intending settler, hav(> been made available. A resident of the district writes that "the northern part may be described in general terms as rolling prairie, dotted over with hlulTs of spruce and poplar, interspersed with lakes and meadows, and intersected with numerous sTuall creeks, giving tlie whole a particularly park-like appear- ance, which, in point of natural scenery, is beyond the possibilii,y of exaggeration. I have seen the most beautiful ■P** mt i-t mm spots of tho stati seen any compare Durin l)efore a watered orosseo to the a wheat I I i>2 to til TI Wh( i I'Mmon i banks water. land w and do with w maje3t nipeg, i to leav Aw reach c rich be 10 liincliiim, II ( anada. land and illions of 1 some of ft surface r«' tliirkly come the from tlie iid lastly s of >;;oId >ven to he Mowfd in \vf'll as in !<• on the he Rocky Dr raisinjif out other icli {rrow ilf on tlic (ar round, mi^ht he ir moiitlis, s(\ and i.s eatin);; it tie, sheep Mhcrta on than tlie ■ees. 'I'he at and fit lorses an' r country atchewan ly suited ered. and oinjf into spend his ! for him- ii(:;nific.ent ams, and f acre-* of the nio.-t ce settle- 1 the year :ts in tlie intemlinfi hern part ie, dotted •sed w'itli ouH small f^ appear- yond the heautiful spots of five of Tnc rnstern provinces, and of several of the states across our soutliern horder. hut I have never seen any .section of couutrx whi'-li. in its natural state, could compare with this." DurinK the session of IH'ti). Rhv. Leo. Caetz wasexaniined hefore a Parliamentary Cominittee >oii( crnin^ the country watered hy the Red Deer River crossed hy the railway ahout half-way hctwecn Calgary and Edmonton (videinap^ lie spoke of it as TiiK (J.AiiDKN OK .VlJiKRTA, "' a country preiitninently suited to mixed farm- inic. It has some peculiar features in this respect, that it is a well '.vooded iiiel a well- watered (;ountry. It is a country where a setr.hu- j^oinK with little means does not need to expend his capital altogether to provide shelter for himself and his st0(^k. hut where, if he has not timher on his own land, hi' can get a permit from the Government and y;et l.SOO lineal feet of iiuildinf^ timher, KK) roof poles. 2.(X)"> fence rails and '.i<) cords of dry wood lor f)!) ''.ents. anrs since I have been in the country. 'I'liey were in perfectly good condition, and healthy. It does not take any very great skill to raise cattle, which at twenty-eight or thirty months old will dress, without an ounce of grain, • i.'iO to TOO jiounds of h.j^f, or a three-vear oM that will ilress so(» to 8.")'i pounds. I am speaking of what I have seen, and am testifying to what I know hy fiersoiial exiterience. Then it does not take a very great deal of skill in farming. Even a novice like uiv.self in average years can grow crops of grain — oats from ."(O to ?•"> ttushels to the acn\ and weighing from 4"> to;")!) pounds to the bushel : barley from b") to .">.") bushels to the a(;re., and weighing from .-it to ."i? |)Ounds to the bushel : wheat from :?.■) to M bu>heU to the a(ue. juid weighing fn)m • i'i to til pounds p(U' liusliel," I rl ni o n ton Di s t pi nt I When tlie traveller reaches the Saskatchewan l{iverat Ivlmonton, he beholds a scene of true grandeur. The high hanks of the river rising over two hundred feet from the water, impresses him with the fact that he has reached a land where no floods can trouble him. Then the view up and down the river with its steep embankments, crowned with woodland in every direction, and the deep, clear and majestic stream flov/ing onward in its course to Lake Win- nipeg, all combine to make up a \ iew such as not likely soon to leave the memory. Away north of the Saskatchewan River, far beyond the reach of .settlement, or the influence of civilization, the same rich belt of land stretches to districts known only to the 11 ] Hudson's Bay Company's employees and th(> wandering traders. Millions of acres await setth'ment, and the land is free to whoever will come and possess it. I'esidts these free lands offered hy the Dominion. theCaTuidian I'aciti': Railway have some selectiil lands alon^ tlie line of railway they offer at a very low fij^'iirc Althousjli tills stretch of country in the upper valley of the North Saskatchewan is only newly opened uii. settle- ment has already madi^ considerahle iw'o^ress. and enough has been done to show the t^rand results which can be reached. At Sc. .Mliort and Sruri^'enn river districts, outside of Kdinonton, and in the settlement around ited Ueer. crops have been produced, which equal in ((uality and yield the liest ligures ever reached in any portion of this continent. Thirty to forty bushels of wheat is the loniuion report, and in other grains and root crops correspondini^ly laii^e yields can be s(^(uired. Hut outside of (jjrain raisini; the advantages in mixed farniinjj: are such as can be met witli in few if any other districts. The settler has a hay )j;rowth unbounded, provided by nature, and contiiininj;' a .succulence aiul nutri- tion, such as is not pos.sessed by the finest cultivated hay in the Atlantic, slopes of the continent. lirush and timber are to be found in every locality, furnishin;^; excellent winter shelter for live stock, and fuel for the settler, if he wishes to burn wood. In this matter lie lias a valuaide alternative, for coal is abundant all alon}^ the banks of the North .Sas- katchewan, and is now duf? out of the. river baulks with the most primitive a|»p!Iauc,es, and sold in the town of I'Minon- ton at the low li^jjure of >ijj..")t) a load, which means as much as a team can haul on a wa^on. In the two elements o. fuel and |»ure water, the north Saskatchewan valley has undoubtedly j^reater advanta^jes than an\ other a:;ricult ural district on the continent of .\orili America. The farmer near the river at Kdinonton can cut down lo^s for his own buildings, or he can ilij; the coal for his own use. Ron t h f^vn A I berta To-day Alberta stands unecpialled ainon;; the cattle coun- tries of the world ; anil the unknown land of a few years a^o is now looked to as one of tne (greatest future supjtly depots of the Hritish market. There are nowiin the ran}::es of Allierta hundreds of herds of fat cattle, which at any season are neither fed nor shel- t^^red ; cattle, too, which in point of tireeding, size and general condition, are eiual. if not superior, to any ran^e cattle in the world. Shorthorns, Herefonls and Anjj;us bulls have been imported at great expense ; hut t}i(> intere.^t on the ouHay has indeed been hotii satisfactory and encour- f aging, and the young catile of the Alberta range.< would compare favoralily with the barnyard () beeves, and the ilemand ever increas- ing ; with the great market of the world within easy access, with our natural advantages enticing the most experienced cattlemen from the American Territories and British Columbia to invest in the business here, who can tell what will be the future of this industry, which has grown with such gigantic strides in so few years. All»ertj ofTer thirt well wate class mut the tine qi roomy sh( careful loi greater p lay. the trough* 1 The le; a 'a as c.iritvse at which %] with the ai».sence < of which teniperati .ing s| rii try aboui As a Canada vN where till northern dry at mo plentiful growth a the imlu liec.ome m hereditar That mineral < years pa> banks an colors ar as the CO to suppo of galoiu to conta want ing Copper to conta discover of hemf at the hi Pacific . e.\ist in ' As to impossil discovei fuel for dollars ! mine.s o thousan coal del discovei anthrac l^ass in Soft supply 12 ^•andering he land is these free '• Rnilvvay they olTer valley of i|i. settle- mi enough •h can be Is, outside )fcer. crops yield the continent, eporr, and ,1'^e yields d vantages few if any libouiided. md niuri- /ated hay nd timber ?nt winter ( wislies to ternative, «orth Sas- 5 with the f Kdinoii- s as much enients o. 'alley has :ri('ultural le farmer r his own 1 It tic conn- few years re supj)|y Is of lierds i nor shel- sizo and my range id Angus le interest id encour- ?es would of fJreat consumes ir increas- sy access, perienced British tell what )wn with J 1 Shoop Kaisiag Aliierta tu-day offers wliat no Australian ('olonies had to ofTer thirty \velopment of the nol)le animal ; and although the industry is still very young, the Alberta horse has l)ecomr noted for enduranc(>. lung povvei; an? the year round, than Alberta, and ii enjoys at least fifty per cent, more than the average. The Spring is the most trying ; not because it is particu- larly wet or severe, or long, but because, with a mild winter, I ne (xpects to see a correspondingly early spring. The winter is shortened mostly by its often being nearly New Year bi fon^ thorp is any winter weather to speak of. The Summer once entered upon, the weather is superb ; b itwi en thi! days of bright, life-producine suntthine, copious warm siiowors fall, bathing the rich soil like a hot-bed, and fv>rciMg \egetation forward in rapid and rank profusion. The Autumn Weather of Alberta is perfect. Towards the end ( f Se tember. the air gels chilly at night, with frost eaou'^h to make the roads crisp in the morning ; the sunrises ii matchle s splendor, the blue vault of heaven is unmarked with even the shadow of a cloud, the atmosphere clear and li^;ht. bright and invigorating, thrilling every puLsation of feo iiig. shaipening the. intellect, and infusing ruddy energy inr>> cvt'ry pi rt of the body. When Winter sets in, there are bright, keen days, with low reading of tiu thermometer, alternating with days of great warmth. Coi sideriiig both latitude and altitude, the ther- mon (iter may Ik) .several degrees Vjelow zero in the forenoon, an 1 in the afternoon a south-west wind (Chinook) may spring up, and in a f t w hours the temperature will be 40 or W dngn es above z( ro. and for days, and often weeks, in the wint( r season, Albertans enjoy summer weather consequent on th( se south-w St warm winds. Usually cold weather .sets in abc it the first of .January, and continues, with intervals of Chii:ook weather, until the beginning of March, wh^n the real i;oI I wi^ather is past. After that time occasional cold snaps t f a few days occur. I J jE'W Jt% rCH^'^VAN SA.SK.\TCHEW.\N. lying north of Assiniboia, is the largest of t le four Provisional Districts which were carved out of the territories by the Dominion Parliament in f.S82. Its area is 10r),70<) square miles. In shape it is an oblong parallelogram, which extends from Nelson River, Lake Winnipeg, and the western bound- ary of Manitol»a, on tl e east, to the il'ith degree of west longtitude on th^ west, and lies between, or, rather, slightly overlaps, tlie .")2n I and >.">tli parallels of north latitude. It is almost centrally divided by the main Saskatchewan River, which is altogether wit lin the district, and by its principal branch, the North Saskutchewan, most of whose navigaiDle length lies within its bo mdaries. It includes in the south a small proportion of tlie great plains, and in its general superficial features may be described as a mixed prairie and wooded region, abountling in water and natural hay, and well suited by climate aid soil for the raising of wheat, hornoJ^«■^ %iJ'IIB>^ 3S9 m r t^-KSiSJ j^M ^IT^3 ■ 9l!HK^ ^H^i!^S^^'% '"i^Mkl/^M^. SIS •l • IIS BOAXtl 30 Q.S.I«(»ti ±= 114 _^r":-'' ■ Hapvestini West< flWSiS'e? Wt-'.J^'TWSir-"- fMKSf'MMM S nw'-''ll^i^^^iu'u ~- p Western Canada For further inlormatn v^■:ill^ ■ Minn.. .„,.v District Paasenjer Agent, W B OALIiAWAY, H*3^».* mw>i^:^^^AM,arywixr^ INTB BHATI ONA.!* i 83': I or CANADIAN or further iniormation apply to ant General Passenger Agent, 197 Washington St., pi'S'^'ASent, 232 South Clark St., Chicago lU h nnd Papt Acrent. Chronicle B'lding, San trancibco. iss Ageno, S^oo South Shore Lines. Minneapohs, ct Passenger Agent, Toronto, Ont. OF CAN AOIFIO RAIU ADA. For further information ap/ to ROBERT KERR, Qeneral Freigrht and PaBtsen; Affei L. A. HAMILTON. Land Oommlssioner, Winnicr Ma E. V. SKINNER, General Eastern Agrent, 353 "adw O. SHBBHY, District Passenger Agent. 11 For treet G-. MoL. BROTVN, District Passenger Agent, '^icou-v O. E. E. USSHER. Assistant Genera) Passenge^genl D. MoNIOOLL, General Passenger Agent, Moi)al, Q RAILWAY sr information api to teight and Passenf Agent, Winnipeg, Man. mmiasioner, Winnig, Man. astern Agent, 353 >adway. New York. nger Agent. 11 For treet West, Detroit, Mioh. Passenger Agent, '^icouver, B. O- t General Passengevgent, Mont/eal, Que. jsenger Agent, Moijal, Que. riilc trfV Ike PERI Wan«c\o.tr.*-5i"'- tap* >C ^m r»^ ; H-Cl 'fl. P. *M. t.H- l/ii^s^oN .■0 l») ^^.-4^v* Savinko ,P' ital[ f-.C-iyOUTM^ I Bprland lilt ho ., Oo. I Winnipeg:, October, 1893, Zcsnd Commisaioner^ His^hland Cattle in Wesi lI---UAAi/ \^nJ^r\M, w Wm^ K4 '<■!" \ y ^^\fx-'\--\m.i [ffll ^Li- -r"Tl?1"l -^ IeI-V-VIK Hi (UljJhLt ^H^n_ i---^-4^i^^^ ffll' ^^^s 1 ^ =^^^^3^3 ^^^^^^M ^ n\ rijSS^' ^^^9L^S-^'^tm^^,^^^9^^L^SK%/aBi nt^ ^tei \r ^^i^^^^^^^'^fU'^-^^^ili w^ U/ntl V 1 \V Sr^il — 1 1 ^*''4*^^lSifi^Mil^ $\^*^ fe^MTj, *^rL_JL--+ — pttiriw^jfiWf' I^ImI -^>^ rY^^*4^*^ ^^^nJ^^^m i 'fly* "tsL. M Bar o \ jQjC^^^ ^^^Sk E IM \\^L ^^^^^^^^ ^ bcr — \^\ ^^^wp^'^^^ij—^S fi rS ^^0S?^n^M^^ ihW w- ^l^iiiJ---j-^B6Tl5^^ *4) fl \ / * ^&"' y I x^ {fu^^Z^^^ U \ -^^^'^'"'^n ^^ \ 1 ? 60 48 a? l^Ltirna rlrCflT-pf^K ^J^ ' in Westepn Cana<