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THE DOCUMENTARY
HISTORY OF THE CAMPAIGN
ON THE -
NIAGARA FRONTIER IN 1814.
EDITED FOR THE LUNDTS LANE HISTORICAL SOCIETY
BY CAPT. K. CRUIK8HANK.
WELLAND :
PRINTBD AT THE THIBVNK OKKICB.
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The Documentary History of the
Campaign on the Niagara
Frontier in 1814.
LIEVT.COL. JOHN HARVEY TO Mkl^-iiE^, RIALL.
(Most Beoret and Confidential.)
Deputy Adjutant General's Office,
Kingston, 28rd March, 1814.
Sir, — Lieut. -General Drummond having had under his con-
sideration your letter of the 10th of March, desirinjr to be informed
of his general plan of defence as far as may be necessary for your
guidance in directing the operations of the right division against
the attempt which there is reason to expect will be made by the
enemy on the Niagara frontier so soon as the season for operations
commences, I have received the commands of the Lieut.-General
to communicate to you the following observations and instructions :
The Lieut. -General concurs with you as to the probability of
the enemy's acting on the ofTensive as soon as the season permits.
Having, unfortunately, no accurate information as to his plans of
attack, general defensive arrangements can alone be suggested.
It is highly probable that independent of the siege of Fort
Niagara, or rather in combination with the atttick on that place, the
enemy \vill invade the District of Niagara by the western road, and
that he may at the same time land a force at Long Point and per-
haps at Point Abino or Fort Erie. An attack of such a general
and combined nature, if made, as it. doubtless will be, in foi-ce, you
can have no hope of successfully resisting by any other means than
a concentration of your whole force at Burlington or Ancaster,
leaving for the moment the garrisons at Fort Niagara and Fort
George to themselves and those means of defence which it is ex-
pected that they possess and will most strenuously exert.
With your whole force thus concentrated in an advantageous
and open position, the Lieut.-General has no apprehension of your
not being equal or superior to anything the enemy can bring against
you. On the contrary, if correct information of the enemy's move-
ments be fortunately obtained by you in time to enable you to effect
your own concentrative movements with that precipitation (that
y
rock which has ho often been fatal to the wuccesH of our opemtioiis)
Lieut.-General Druiiiniond feels coiiHdeiit that, notwitlmtanding the
proverbial caution of (General HarriHon, an opportunity will l)e
afforded you of effecting, by one action, the defeat, capture, or
destruction of a considerable part of the eneniy's disposanle force.
It is clearlv to be understoofl that the abandonment, even for a
moment, by the troops under your command, of their advanced
position on the frontier for the purpose of C(mcentratin^ at Burling-
ton, is a measure which the Lieut.-General would approve only in
the event, clearly ascertained, of the actual atlvance of the enemy in
great force froui the westward.
If the enemy's principal force be assembled on the Niagara
frontier and smaller bodies advance from the westward and from
Long Point for the purpose of threatening your rear, it will be
sufficient (as no serious attack will in tliat case be apprehended) if
you order the troops at Burlington to make a forward movement
for the purpose of taking a position, say at Burford or Anctister, or
to dispute the passage of the Gi'and River, where the detachments
at Long Point and Oxford can fall back on them, and the whole,
with such Indians and militia as can be assembled, form a corps of
observation sufficient to keep in check the enemy's force and cover
your rear.
The whole of the troops on the frontier will then become dis-
posable, and may, it is hoped, prove sufficient with the powerful
appai they will have in Fort Niagara and Fort George and the aid
which the squadron will afford them, to prevent the eneuiy's cover-
ing army (for it must be recollected that the siege of Fort Niagara
will, in all probability, occupy a considerable part of his force) from
being able to force back your division from the frontier and by
that means greatly facilitate his operations against Fort Niagara by
the possession of both banks of the river.
In the distribution of so comparatively small a force as you
are likely to have for the defence of the Niagara frontier, the
arrangement which v^ould naturally strike a military man unac-
(Miainted with the character of the enemy he has to contend with,
or v/ith the e^^ents of the two last campaigns on that frontier,
would \>e to concentrate the troops in some central position from
whence they could be moved to either extremity or whatever point
was invaded.
Such an arrangement, however would leave the extremities of
the line open to attack and would actually invite invasion, and the
persons and property of the inhabitants would be left exposed to
the smallest parties of the enemy's marauders. Experience, more-
over, has proved that a small force may be distributed along the
frontier without any j^reat risk of being cut off. It is, therefore,
Lieut.-Gerteral Dnuninond'H wJHh that the diHtributioii of the force
should l)e umde with reference to that of the last and preceding?
canipaitfUM (previous to the attacic of the enemy on Fort George on
tl;e 27th May last) and that all the statiouH that were then occupied
from Fort George to F'ort Erie (but not further) Hhould be now
occupied. Change of circuiiiHtances has prescribed a change of
strength of several detachments — that at Fort Erie, for instance,
the Lieut.-General conceives need not consist of more than one
strong company of infantry, with a small party of artillery suffi-
cient to man the 24 pounder proposed to be mounted in the southern
demi-bastion, and this detachment (if the arrangement pointed out
by the Lieut.-Genoral to the acting-deputy-(iuai-termaster-general
be made) would be well covered and in perfectsecurity against any-
thing short of an invasion in foi'ce — and even in the latter case a
small party so posted nught not only very much annoy any craft or
vessels which might apjjroach the head of the river, but would
operate with infinite advantage in the I'ear of any force which
might venture to place itself betwixt two fires by landing between
Fort George and Chippawa, and even if cut oti' its loss would be of
no importance comparatively with the services which, under an
intelligent officei-, it might render. Chippawa should be strongly
occupied (the expression is of course relative) and a detachment
placed intermediately l>etwixt Chippawa and Fort Erie — say at
Frenchman's Creek — and a rapid movement should be made from
Chippawa to support the detachments on the right and to oppose
any descent made above Chippawa.
I now come to a proposition made by you in a former letter to
Lieut.-General Drummond for reducing the extent of the works of
Fort Niagara, with a view to the reduction of the garrison. Your
proposition will be referred to His Excellency the Commander of
the Forces, but in the meantime I am directed to observe to you
that, considered in a point of view which does not seem to have
struck you, Lieut.-General Drummond is so far from being inclined
to diminish the defences or the garrison of Fort Niagara (still less
wholly to destroy or abandon that fort) that it appears to him that
500 or 600 men of your division cannot be better occupied than in
occupying, as they in all probability will, at least ten times their
number, and that, it is confidently hoped, for no inconsiderable
period.
Strengthened indeed as your division will be by the accession
of a regiment of upward of 700 strong, (the 103d,) which will join
you as soon as the navigation opens, the Lieut.-General is disposed
to indulge the hope that much may be done even in the open field
agaiiiHt an enemy the greatent part of whoHe force will probably
be directed against Fort Niagara.
fn the reduced Htate contemplated by your proposal you are
aware that that place could not poHsibly hold out for a single day
against the powerful means which the enemy will be able to briqg
against it. By the adoption of that suggestion, therefore, it appears
to the Lieut.-General that we should be voluntarily resigning for a
possible but contingent good, all the solid advantages which the
ac(|uisition and possession of this fort is capable of affording us,
and of which, besides the iniportant one above alluded to, of occupy-
ing so large a portion of the enemy's force in its reduction, the
benefit to the s(|uadron of a secure harbor in which to take shelter,
either from the weather or a superior enemy, is far from being the
least — to say nothing of the negative advantage of the loss of that
harbor to the eneujy.
The occupation of Fort George as a ffank to Fort Niagai-a is
essential to the defence of the latter. A battery of a few heavy
guns to bear upon the esplanade of Fort Niagara should, therefore,
be inniiediately completed in Fort George. A small detachment,
even in the event of its becoming necessary to withdraw the whole
of the troops from the Niagara frontier for the purpose of eont
centration at Burlington, would be sufficient to place in that for-
(George), which in its turn is protected by, as it is commanded by.
Fort Niagara.
A battery at Missassauga Point (Flagstaff) is highly necessaiy,
and an enclosed one on Queenston Heights if time, &c., permit its
completion.
In concluding these observations Lieut.-General Drummond
has particularly directed me to invite you to conununicate such
remarks as may suggest themselves to you, and to beg that you
will on all occasions freely and fully communicate your ideas on all
subjects connected with your most important command, but espe-
cially on those herein discussed.
I am further commanded to take this occasion of assuring j'^ou
of the very great satisfaction and consolation which Lieut.-General
Drummond experiences in the reflection that the arduous trust con-
nected with the command of the Right Division at this critical
juncture is reposed in an officer of such tried zeal, activity and
ability as yourself. I have the honor to be, Sir,
J. Harvey, Lt.-Col., D. A. G.
Lleut.-Cieneral Sir Gordon Drummond to Sir deorge Prevo§t.
Kingston, April 7th, 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to report to Your Excellency that
Major-General Riall's laHt letter to nie states that no regular force
has as yet made its appearance on the American side of the Niagara
River, and that consequently he supposes no part of the column
which left Sackett's Harbor some time since had arrived in that
neighborhood, conceiving, from the display the enemy used to make
formerly, they will not be long in showing themselves when they
do arrive, at the same time expressing his hope and belief that in
the hands of the garrison (the 100th regiment), who so gallantly
gained possession of it. Fort Niagara is, for the present, safe.
A Mr. Bell, a respectable man, and two others, lately made their
escape from Maiden, and report that there is not the slightest
appearance there for a forward movement, nor did they hear it
spoken of. They were totally unaccjuainted with occurrences at
Presfju' Isle. On their way to Port Talbot they discovered the two
guns left by the enemy in the woods near Point Aux Pins, and hid
them so carefully as to prevent them fi'om being found again
except by themselves. Two gun carriages and two ammunition
carts, discovered at the same time and place, Colonel Talbot has
sent a party to destroy.
I am happy to inform Your Excellency that Assistant-Com-
missary Coffin, in the absence of Mr. Dance, has reported to me
that the three months' sr.pply of provisions, ordered to be deposited
in Fort Niagara, will have been laid in there in the course of a
week from the 27th ultimo.
Major-General Peter B. Porter to Governor D. D. Tompkins.
Canandaigua, 8th April, 1814.
Sir, — I returned yesterday from Buffalo, where I met Mr.
Parrish, with a talk from the Secretary of War to the chiefs and
warriors of the Six Nations, inviting them to take up arms and
form a corps to be attached to my command.
We met the chiefs of Buffalo on Sunday, and altho' they
decline giving an answer to so important a proposition until they
consult the chiefs of other villages. Red Jacket, who was the
speaker, expressed his full conviction that they would all turn out.
They have sent runners to the west and are to give us an answer at
this place in four or five days from this time. Mr. Parrish is of
opinion that we shall have 500 warriors ready to act with us by
the first of May.
8
Our prospects for volunteers in this county and to the west are
very flattering. There is every reason to calculate that from the
counties of Ontario, Genesee and Niagara we shall raise from 800
to 1,000 men. In the more remote counties I have less faith. The
zeal and patriotism of those who are not in immediate danger is
not so much to be calculated on, and the most discouraging circum-
stance is that the pecuniary inducements offered to volunteei-s is so
much below those offered toother troops. If the five dollars were
added we should find no difficulty. We have encouragement, how-
ever, that Steuben, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Otsego, Broome and
Tioga counties will average at least one company each, and a com-
pany is expected from Tioga in Pennsylvania. From the counties
more to the east we have not heard, owing to the badness of the
roads and the snail-like movement of the mail. Colonel Dobbins
and several other valuable officers are engaged in recruiting among
the detached militia on the frontier.
**«*♦**
Colonel Swift is very active in engaging volunteers and will
enter heartily into all the views of the Government in authorizing
this force. -
Sir Gordon Druiniiioiid to Sir Georg^e Prevost.
Kingston, April 10th, lcS14.
Sir, — I have the honor to acquaint Your Excellency that
Major-General Riall has reported to me his having been requested
to attend a grand council of the Indians at the head of the
lake. The Prophet has been chosen the principal chief of all the
western nations. His having been presented with the sword and
pistols from His Royal Highness the Prince Regent gave very
general satisfaction. He has promised the most cordial co-operation,
and says that their smallest boys capable of bearing arms shall be
readv to march at a moment's notice.
I am much concerned to communicate to Your Excellency that
the Major-General states three of the Six Nations, speaking through
their principal chiefs, have requested the Major-General to repre-
sent to Your Excellency their dissatisfaction at tl e appointment of
Captain Norton to be their leader. They say they will not
acknowledge him as such, will pay him no i-espect or obedience, nor
look to him for anything they want ; that they know him not,
except as a disturber of the peace and harmony that ought to exist
amongst them ; they have a head man whom the King has appointed,
and they want no other (Colonel Claus); the representation made to
Colonel Drummond was the work of a few who had no authority
9
to do so and it was not the opinion -of the nations. The Major-
General inquired if such was the general opinioi^. The chiefs of
three, viz., the Mohawks, Oneidas and Tuscaroras, said it was theirs
decidedly ; the others, viz., the Cayugas, Onondagas and Senecas,
refused to answer.
Licut.«€olonel Robert Nicliol to Sir Cordon Druiniiioud.
York, April 22, 1814.
Sir, — A man of the name of Constant Hacon came o\er from
the enemy the day before yesterday and has been sent to this place
by Major- General Kiall on suspicion of being a spy. I have ex-
amined him, and as I conceive the information he has given to be
of the greatest consequence, and as it ap})ears from a full con sider-
ation of all the circumstances to be correct, I have retj nested
Colonel Stewart to despatch an express with it that you may liave
it in your power to act upon it.
I was always of the opinion that the enemy's troops on the
Niagara frontier must be supplied on the opening of navigation by
water, and that they would fortn depots in different places along
the south shore of Lake Ontario, to be transported under the pro-
tection of their fleet so soon as it should put to sea.
To destroy these is an object, as I conceive, fully within our
power, and which, if effected, must have the happiest effects on the
future operations of the campaign, and, with the greatest deference,
I beg leave to propose it. Great quantities of provisions, of which
we are much in want, may be brought off, and what we cannot
bring away can Vie easily destroyed. To succeed in this business,
however, no time must be lost, for if the American fleet gets out,
unless we should defeat them in a decisive action, the attempt should
not be made. I am only waiting for a batteau to go to Kingston,
when, if you .see fit to undertake the business, I will be happ}-^ to
give every assistance.
Bacon says the Americans intend attacking us on this side,
which I think probable, but 1 firmly believe their principal object
will be Burlington, and that a joint attack from both lakes will be
made upon it. A blow of this kind, which if well arranged must
succeed, would ruin us, and I fear unless Long Point is soon occupied
in force it will be attempted and carried into effect.
10
Deposition of Constant Bacon.
York, April 2nd, 1814.
Examination of Constant Bacon, late a sutler with the division
of the American army on the Niagara frontier, born in the town
of Scipio, County of Cayuga, State of New York — left the Ameri-
can advanced posts on the 20th inst. and arrived at Fort Niagara
about 2 o'clock in the afternoon of the same day — gives the follow-
ing information :
The troops on that line are stated by the officers and men to
amount to 7,000, of whom (25th regiment) 500 at Hardscrabble, five
miles in rear of Lewiston, 100 at Black Rock, and 6,400 at Kleven
Mile Creek. There is an arsenal (log building) at Hardscrabble
containing 500 stand of arms, deposited by the militia, who were
all dismissed on the 11th inst.; there is also a quantity of ammu-
nition and four wagon loads of entrenching tools. There were no
field pieces. There is a depot of provisions on the Ridge Road at
the widow Forsyth's, about nine miles from Hardscrabble. It con-
sists of beef, pork, whiskey and flour, of all of which there is a
large supply. There is a road leading from the mouth of the
Eighteen Mile Creek on the west side. The distance is ten miles,
but the road is very bad. Thinks there is at least 2,000 barrels of
provisions at this depot. There is no force nearer to Hardscrabble
than the Eleven Mile Creek and Buffalo, which are equi-distant
(about 32 miles.) There are at the Eleven Mile Creek some heavy
guns, viz., a long 24 pounder, an 18 pounder, one 9 pounder, two 6
pounders, two mortars, and a large depot of provisions. General .
Hairison is expected in about three weeks with a strong reinforce-
ment from Detroit. The nearest depot of provisions to those
already mentioned is at the mouth of the Genesee River and at the
upper landing, exactly four miles, up to which place large schooners
can sail. There are there large quantities of beef, pork, salt, and
whiskey, and no batteaux, guns, or troops for their protection.
The next, consisting of flour, pork, and whiskey, is a£ Irondiquet, a
few miles further to the eastward. It is exactly four miles from
the falls of the Genesee to the Irondiquet storehouse, and three
miles from the upper landing to the falls. The country here is not
well settled. The next depot is at Putney, which is betw^een the
Genesee River and Big Sodus — this depot is on the lake shore. It
consists, as before, of a large quantity of provisions and salt, and
there are no men stationed here, unless they have come very lately.
There is also a large depot at Sodus. There is also a large depot at
Oswego, but there is a strong force stationed there. A schooner of
40 or 45 tons is building at Irondiquet. He says the army on the
11
frontier has no boats, was In this province at Swagatchee
(Ogdensburg), but has no acquaintance with any person there. His
object in coining here was to get rid of paying some money which
lie owed for a cargo of liquors which he had bought on credit, and
which had been plundered from him by the American troops.
Bacon further says it is intended to attack on this side.
ROBT. NiCHOL.
Sir Gordon Druniinond to Sir George Prevost.
Kingston, April 25th, 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to transmit for Your Excellency's
information a copy of a deposition of Constant Bacon, who was
sent to York from Fort Niagara, having left the advanced posts of
the enemy on the 20th inst., and arrived at that place on the evening
of the same day.
Should this man's report be true, and should not the most
ample supplies of provisions, particularly flour, be sent from the
lower provinces, I feel strongly apprehensive that the right division
will not be able to hold its ground, even though the entire resources
of the country should be at our command.
Major-General Riall, I am concerned to report to Your
Excellency, states to me that he has received a very strong repre-
sentation from Deputy- Assistant-Commissarj^-General Dance of the
absolute necessity of decreasing the issue of flour to the Indians.
Mr. Dance says that "without losing time by the consideration of
the necessity on policy of this, I must repeat my positive conviction
that at the rate of our present issues to them (nearly 1,200 barrels
to the Indians alone per month) no effort of human exertion can
supply this army many months longer, for the flour is not in the
country." The total consumption he states at nearly 2,000 barrels
per month, without including the garrison of York or the militia.
The average consumption of the Indians of all descriptions being
about 40 barrels per day. The consumption on the immediate
frontier being about 20 barrels per day.
Major-Generjil Riall feels much at a loss how to act with
respect to the issues to the Indians, being very certain, in which I
agree with him, that the reduction of any portion of the usual
ration of flour will excite considerable discontent, and even defection,
unless some other article is substituted for it. Fresh meat is not to
be had, and very little, indeed, can be expected from fishing. Salt
meat, therefore, is the only alternative, and this must be procured
with immense difficulty from the lower province, and the transport
of it by the squadron we cannot always depend upon.
12
From the enclosed information and the ci' lumstances before
detailed, I therefore consider that the safety of the province, in a
great measure, depends as well upon the naval superiority as upon
the destruction of the enemy's vessels, etc., at Sackett's Harbor, and
there does not appear to me a more favorable opportunity than the
present, could Your Excellency afford the means of undeHaking the
enterprise, which, to ensure a reasonable hope of success, cannot
con.«st unquestionably of less than 4,000 effective men.
Return of the Resources of the Niagara and London Districts,
Including the West Riding of the Home District.
1st Lincoln — 442 cwt. of flour, 7,997 bushels wheat, 1,299
bushels rye, 1,387 bushels oats, 134 bushels corn, 38 bushels barley,
184 bushels peas, 6 fat cattle, 33 to fat, 257 oxen, 1,206 cows, 1,057
young cattle, 3,222 sheep, 1,705 hogs, 835 tons of hay, 733 horses,
254 sleighs, 105 wagons, 2,129 acres of wheat, 2 of barley, 101 of
rye.
2nd Lincoln — 337 cwt. flour, 7,881 bupliels wheat, 301 bushels
rye, 1,749 bushels oats, 180 corn, 511 peas, 11 fat cattle, 50 to fat,
403 oxen, 1,325 cows, 930 young cattle, 3,980 sheep, 1,676 hogs, 950
tons hay, 716 horses, 236 sleighs, 99 wagons, 3,228 acres wheat
sown, 128 acres of rye.
3rd Lincoln— 392 cwt. flour, 6,043 bushels wheat, 267 rye, 3,417
oats, 466 com, 580 peas, 6 fat cattle, 50 to fat, 362 oxen, 1,087 cows,
894 young cattle, 3,028 sheep, 1,665 hogs, 1,073 tons hay, 598
horses, 174 sleighs, 106 wagons, 2,659 acres of wheat sown, 152 of
rye.
4th Lincoln — 400 cwt. flour, 6,000 bushels wheat, 350 rye,
3.000 oats, 520 corn, 280 peas, 12 fat cattle, 52 cattle to fat, 350
oxen, 1,236 cows, 1,080 young cattle, 3,205 sheep, 3,706 hogs, 975
tons hay, 500 horses, 200 sleighs, 80 wagons, 3,217 acres of wheat
sown, 200 of rye.
5th Lincoln— 2,000 cwt. flour, 12,700 bushels wheat, 1.637 rye,
2,455 oats, 419 corn, 15 barley, 213 peas, 1 fat animal, 13 cattle to
fat, 359 oxen, 1,318 cows, 677 young cattle, 3,110, sheep, 1,155 hogs,
543 tons of hay, 605 horses, 253 sleighs, 54 pungs, 85 wagons, 18
carts, 3,594 acres of wheat sown, 310 of rye.
2d York— 2,022 cwt. flour, 9,797 bushels wheat, 589, rye, 2,062
oats, 157 corn, 96 barley, 142 peas, 102 cattle to fat, 472 oxen, 982
cows, 897 young cattle, 1,969 sheep, 1,308 hogs, 409 tons hay, 467
horses, 215 sleighs, 68 wagons, 3,365 acres of wheat sown, 1 acre of
barley, 130 of rve.
Ist Norfolk— 473 cwt. flour, 3,211 bushels wheat. 2,495 rye,
13
1 ,587 oats, 446 corn, 55 peas, 48 cattle to fat, 288 oxen, 520 cows,
475 young cattle, 1,180 sheep, 954 hogs, 249 tons hay, 265 hoi-ses,
84 sleighs, 37 pungs, 49 wagons, 20 carts, 1,257 acres of wheat
sown, 551 of rye.
2nd Norfolk— 407 cwt. flour, 4,093 bushels of wheat, 3.199
rye, 2,093 oats, 487 coin, 4 peas, 5 cattle to fat, 280 oxen, 651 cows,
583 young cattle, 1,472 sheep, 1,050 hogs, 208 tons of hay, 373
horses, 101 sleighs, 19 pungs, 65 wagons, 3 carts, 1,483 acres of
wheat sown, 620 of rye.
Oxford— 226 cwt. flour, 2,798 bushels wheat, 983 rye, 1,861
oats, 831 com, 129 peas, 8 cattle to fat, 278 oxen, 649 cows, 623
young cattle, 1,395 sheep, 1,050 hogs, 232 tons hay, 242 horses, 41
wagons, 63 sleighs, 872 acres of wheat sown, 132 of rye.
Recapitulation— Flour, 6,699 cwt., equal to 3,828 barrels; 60,520
bushels wheat, 11,031 bushels rye, 19,611 bushels oats> 3,640 bushels
corn, 149 bushels barley, 2,099 bushels peas, 36 fat cattle, 361 cattle
to fat, 3,046 oxen, 8,974 cows, 7,219 young cattle, 22,561 sheep,
12,329 hogs, 5,474 tons of hay, 4,529 horses, 1,580 sleighs, 110
pungs, 698 wagons, 41 carts, 21,756 acres of wheat sown, average
yield 12 bushels per acre, 3 acres of barley, 2,330 acres of rye,
average yield 15 bushels per acre.
Dated February 24th, 1814.
General Peter B. Porter to Governor D. D. Tompkins.
Canandaigua, 3rd May, 1814.
Sir, — The first of the month, Your Excellency knows, was
appointed for the rendezvous of the volunteer at this place, when
I had reason to hope, as well from the assurances I received before
leaving Albany as from the obvious necessity of the thing itself,
there would be some tents and other camp equipage provided for
our acconnnodation.
About ten days ago, seeing no prospect of the arrival of these
articles and dreading the embarrassments which the want of them
would occasion, I sent directions to the recruits in various parts to
remain where they were until further orders. A considerable num-
ber, however, whom the order did not reach, have come in. These I
can made shift to dispose of.
On the first and second inst., about forty officens came in for
instructions. The difficulty of the situation was great. I had no
alternative consistent with ray reputation and that of the govern-
ment but to dismiss the recruits and wholly abandon the under-
taking, or to prosecute it with all the energy and effect which a
14
total destitution of the necessary means would allow. Not feeling
authorized to do the first, I resolved of course on tht latter.
From the information of the officers I calculate that we have
now about 1,000 recruits enp-aged. Having now so many assist-
ants, we can recruit with great rapidity. The officers all went
home in high spirits, and we calculate to collect the troops at this
place about the 18th or 20th inst., provided we shall in the mean-
time receive the necessary supplies of cai...p equipage, &c.
There is not a tent, camp kettle, axe or spade in the arsenal
of this place.
Red Jacket and five other chiefs came in on Saturday to in-
form me that the Indians had all agreed to accept the invitation of
the President, and they will join me here or in Buffalo any day I
may name. There will probably be 500 warriors. The Oneidas
receive an indemnity from the State about the first of June.
Would it not be convenient to send it a little earlier this year, that
they may have the benefit of it to prepare them for the campaign ?
If I were furnished with the proper supplies I have little
doubt buo I could complete my corps in the course of the month.
Colonel Swift and I shall set out for Onondaga and other counties
to the east to-morrow. •
Major-Creneral Riall to Sir Gordon Drummond.
Fort George, May 19th, 1814
Sir, — i have the honor to transmit to you a report made to
me by Colonel Tall ot, commanding the militia in the London dis-
trict, that on the 14th inst. a party of the eneniy, consisting of
about 1,800 men, had crossed Lake Erie from Presqu' Isle and
landed near Dover, whi"h place, together with the mills and stores
in its neighborhood, they iestroyed, and after having committed
every other excess possible ie-einbarked. They showed a disposi-
tion to land again at Turkey Point, but were, it is supposed,
deterred from doing so bj' the appearance of a body of militia and
a detachment of the 19th Dragoons, whom Colonel Talbot had
assembled at that place. When Colonel Talbot had despatched his
report the enemy's vessels were at anchor at the extremity of Long
Point. Should they again attempt to land I hope they will be re-
ceived by a detachment of troops and Indians which I ordered
from Burlington, under the command of Lieut. -Colonel Parry, 103d
Regt., upon receiving the first intelligence of their attempt.
15
$ir Crordon Drammond to Sir George Prevog*.
Kingston, May 27th, 1814.
Sir, — In my letter which I had the honor to address to Your
Excellency on the 2l8t inst., I stated that a force of the enemy, at
that tinie supposed to be about 300, had landed near Dover on Lake
Erie. I have now the honor to transmit a letter from Major-General
Riall conveying a report of Colonel Talbot, commanding the militia
of the London District, on the subject. Your Excellency will, how-
ever, perceive that the force of the enemy has since been computed
to consist of about 800 men, whose conduct has been disgraced
during their short stay ashore by every act of barbarity and of
illiberal and unjustifiable outrage. Not only a large store, fitted as
a barrack for the militia, but every private house and other build-
ing belonging to the peaceable inhabitants of the village and
neighborhood of Dover has been reduced to ashes, together with
Ryerse's and Finch's mills between that place and Turkey Point.
The court house and public buildings at Turkey Point were only
saved by the appearance of the militia and a detachment of the
19th Light Dragoons, both of which corps, I have very great satis-
faction in acquainting Your Excellency, evinced the strongest
anxiety to come in contact with the enemy.
I have likewise received from Lieut. -Colonel Parry of the 103d
Regiment the most satisfactory accounts relative to the conduct of
the grenadier company of that corps and the light company of the
89tli, placed under his immediate orders. The latter, he says, are
wild, but with attention and management perfectly tractable and
orderly, and Lieut.-Colonel Parry bestows much commendation on
the zeal and alacrity with which the militia assembled, considering
the distance from whence they were to be collected. The Lieut.-
Colonel froin all these circumstances feels convinced that had not
the enemy retired to his shipping before his arrival, his little band,
increased by a few of the rangers and Kent volunteers as well as
some persons and some Wyandot Indians who joinevi him from
Amherstburg, would have made the enemy pay dear for their out-
rages. He states that but one house, in which a sick woman
resided, was left standing between Paterson's Creek and Turkej'
Point, and the enemy on retiring avowed their intention to destroy
Port Talljot in a similar manner. And as their officers appear
determined to puraue the same system throughout the whole of the
western frontier, I feel convinced that nothing but the most vigor-
ous opposition to such divSgraceful proceedings will prevent a
recurrence of them. The accompanying declaration made by
Colonel Holmes, commanding at Amherstburg, to the inhabitants of
the new settlement, is a proof of the enemy's nefarious intentions.
16
Lfeut.*Cieueral Druniinoiid to Sir Cieorge Prevost.
Kingston, May Slst, 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to transmit herewith for Your Excel-
lency's information the deposition (^f Mr. Mathias Steele of Woocl-
house, in the District of London, agent to the property of Lieut.-
Colonel Nichol at Dover, who vvas on the spot at the time the
enemy hinded there on the 14th inst., and which I feel satisfied is
corr(jct.
I have had a conniiunication from Major-General Riall of the
25th, wherein he states that on the 23d three large vessels were
standing in for Turkey Point, but that Lieut.-Colonel Parry with
his small force, the militia ^nd Indians, had no apprehension what-
ever of any numbers which could be conveyed in them.
It having been considered necessary, however, to reinforce the
detachment of the Royals at Burlington, and as this latter place
could but ill spare any drafts from its garrison occupied in the pro-
tection of its depot and in guarding a number of civil prisoners at
present under trial for treasonable practices at Ancaster, the Major-
General considered it necessary to move forward two companies of
the 41st Regiment from York, until the arrival of the 103d Regi-
ment at the head of the lake.
The Wyandt)t Indians, who lately arrived at the beach, amount
to 90. They say that many more would join them, but that they
are too closely watched by the Americans.
The Chiefs Blackbird and Splitlog, who were with us last year,
have joined the enemy.
deposition enclosed.
Midland District.
Personally appeared before me, the Hon. Richard Cartwright,
one of His Majesty's Justices assigned to keep the peace in and for
the said district, Mathias Steele of Woodhouse, in the London Dis-
trict of Upper Canada, Gentleman, who, being duly sworn on the
Holy Evangelists, saith : " That on Saturday, the fourteenth of
the present month, an American force computed at about 800 men,
and consisting of regulara, militia and seamen, the whole under
command of a Colonel Campbell, disembarked at the mouth of
Paterson's Creek from six schooners, where they encamped for the
night. That, having met with no opposition, they on the following
morning advanced and took possession of the village of Dover,
and having plundered the houses of all the inhabitants and carried
off all their provisions, set lire to the village and entirelj'^ destroyed
it. They then proceeded to Ryerson's mills, situated a little further
17
up the lake, and set fire to them, with several other buildinffR, and
proceeding still further up the lake destroyed another set or mills,
belonging to Mr. Finch. He further deposeth and saith that, to the
best of his knowledge and behef, they clestroyed altogether twenty
dwelling houses, three flour mills, three aaw mills, three distilleries,
twelve barns and a number of other buildings. He further depos-
eth and saith, that they shot all the cows and hogs which they
could find, leaving them to n)t on the ground. And further, that
on the said Colonel Campbell being asked the reason of this wanton
and barbarous conduct, where he had met with no opposition, he
answered that it wtis done in retaliation for the burning of Havre
tie Grace, Buttalo, and Lewiston, and further this deponent saith not.
(Sgd.)
Mathias Steele.
Sworn before me at Kingston,
this 31st day of May, 1814.
Richard Cartwright, J. P.
1
lliijor-Creneral Riall to the Officer Commanding at Presqn*
Isle (Erie, Pa.)
Headquarters, Niagara Frontier, June 19, 1814.
Sir, — The detachment of the United States army which lately
made a landing at Dover on Lake Erie, having committed acts of
outrage on the private property of the unoffending inhabitants by
burning and destroying that village and the mills in the vicinity,
I have it in command to request from you an explicit declaration
whether those acts were authorized by the government of the
United States.
Colonel John B. Campbell, lltli U.S. Inlantry, (o Major-General
Riall.
June 16th, 1814.
Sir, — I have had the honor to receive your communication of
the 9th current. I commanded the det«.chment of the United
States army which lately made a landing at Dover on Lake Erie.
What was done at that place and its vicinity pi*oceede<l from my
orders. The whole business was planned by myself and executed
upon my own responsibility.
18
Opinion of a f'onrt of Enquiry on the Conduct of Colonel Camp*
bell at Port Dover, Held at BuflTalo, the SOth June, 1HI4,
Composed of Brigadier*General Scott, Major Jesnp
and Major Wood.
That considering the important supplies of breadstutt's, which
From the evidence it appears the enemy's forces deiived from tlie
flour manufacturing mills at and near to Dover, Cc»lonel Campbell
was warranted in destroying those mills according to the laws and
usages of war, and for a like retison the court think him justified
in burning the distilleries under the said laws and usages. The
saw-mills and carding machine, from their contiguity to the other
mills, were, as the court conceives, necessarily involved in one and
the same burning.
In respect to the burning of the dwelling and other hou.ses in
the village of Dover, the court are fully of opinion that Colonel
Campbell has erred, that he can derive no justification from the
fact that the owners of these houses were actively opposed to the
American interests in the present war, or from the other facts that
some of them were at the conflagration of Buflalo. In their
partizan services it does not appear to the court that the inhabi-
tants of Dover have done more than their proper allegiance required
of them, and the destruction of Buflalo by a Lieut-General of the
enemy's regular forces was emphatically the wrong of the British
Government itself, rendered such by its subsequent adoption of the
measure, and ought not to be ascribed to a few Canadians who were
present at the time.
Sir James Lucas Yeo to Lieut.-Cieneral Drummond.
Frivce Reqent, at anchor off Sackett's Harbor,
June 3d, 1814.
Sir, — The enemy's squadron being now nearly ready for sea,
and it being too late for any joint attack on the enemy's force at
Sackett's Harbor, I conceive it necessary to determine in what way
His Majesty's naval force can best b6 employed to defeat the
enemy's views and protect this province. I transmit you herewith
a statement of their force, on which it is unnecessary for me to
make any comment.
There are two things to be considered : 1st, what the enemy's
squadron can effect before our large ship is ready ? 2nd, what
object have we for risking an action with our present force, when
we will so soon have the superiority ?
From the large reinforcements government are sending to this
country, it appears to me to be their wish that a respectable naval
19
force Hhould be established to meet the enemy, and that any rash,
ill-timed or unnecessary risk would defeat their views. The enemy
are not in sufficient force to undertake any expedition in the face
of our present stjuadron, but any disaster on our side might give
them a serious ascendancy.
In making this counnunication I trust you will give me credit
when I assure you I do not write from the feeling of a captain of
a ship, but consider myself placed here in a hiijfhly responsible posi-
tion as commanding the naval force in this country, on which most
matenally depends the safety or loss of this province.
I therefore recjuire of you, sir, as the general officer with
whom I am acting, your opinion on the .several points In my letter.
I shall at all times be ready to take the squadron into action when-
ever the general officer with whom I am acting represents to me
that he thinks it necessary for the good of the service and safety
of the colony, but such sanction or authority, under existing
circumstances, I will require, as I never can take the whole respon-
sibility on myself.
Lieut.-1iieneral Druiuiuond to Sir James L. Yeo.
Headquarters, Upper Canada,
Kingston, Gth June, 1«14.
Sir, — Your letter of the 3d inst. has received my most serious
attention. So long as your position off Sackett's Harbor was found
to distress the enemy and to retard the armament and equipment
of his new ships, so long it appeared to me that the blockade ought
to be maintained, and so long in fact no risk whatever could
attend it.
It appearing, however, •from your letter that the enemy's
squadron, including his new ship (Superior) and brigs, is now ready
for sea, it is evident that the blockade has not had all the effect to
which we looked, and moreover that it can be no longer main-
tained without risking an action with a squadron quite equal, if
not superior, to that under your command, and under circumstances
on our part of decided disadvantage. With regard uO the probable
objects of the enemy, and to what their squadron may be able to
effect, I am of opinion that whatever may be their ultimate views,
they will not undertake any offensive operations until their second
large ship is ready, and even then I am very much disposed to c(m-
cur with you that they will not venture in the face of your present
squadron, and, with the knowledge of the powerful addition to it
which is in rapid progress, to encumber theirs with troops and other
means necessary for the invasion of any part of this province. .
20
It followH, tliercfore, aH my opinion, and I have no hcHitation
in ^vinj( it aH hucIi, that there exiHtn at present no motive or object
connected with the .security of ti»iH province which can make it
necBHHrtry for you to act othei wise than cautiously on the defentdve,
(V>ut at the same time closely watching all their movements,) until
the nioment arrives when by the addition of the larjje ship now
on the sUxjks you may brin^ the naval contest on this lake fairly
to issue, or by a jmwerful combined expwlition, (if the enemy, as is
probable, should decline meeting you on the lake,) we may attack
and tlestroy him in his stronj^hold.
In thus frankly givinj^ you my ideas as to the line of conduct
which it would be prudent and proper for you k) pursue, it is
scarcely' necessary for n»e to observe that circumstances may arise
which may render it expedient and necessary to adopt a widely
different system, such, for instance, as the relief of the necessities
of the advanced division, and expedition against 8ackett's Harl)or,
&c., &c., &c.
But these circumstances as they may arise will be discussed
by us with those feelings of perfect good understanding and cordiality
which have, I think I may affirm, ever existed betwixt us, and
which to me has been a source of great satisfaction and confidence.
Lieut.-General Drummond to Sir CieorKc Prevost.
Sir, — I have the honor to transmit herewith a letter (in;3opy)
from Commodore Sir James Yeo, covering a statement of the
enemy's naval force in addition to their old squadron at present
preparing for service on Lake Ontario, and requiring of me, as the
general officer with whom he is acting, my opinion with regard to
the employment of the squadron as soon as the superiority of the
enemy's fleet appeal's unequivocal.
Coinciding with the Commodore in the propriety of not risk-
ing an action until our ship on the stocks here shall have joined the
squadron, I have communicated my opinion to Sir James Yeo
accordingly, a copy of which I have the honor to enclose for Your
Excellency's information, and I request to be favored with Your
Excellency's ideas and instructions on this important subject.
The Commodore, in consideration of the enemy's new ship,
Superior, being with the rest of their fleet afloat ready to take the
lake, has not judged it prudent any longer to continue off Sackett's
Harbor, and has therefore come over to the Upper Gap where the
squadron is now at anchor, as well to protect supplies proceeding
upwards to the Right Division as to receive the seamen on lx)ara
who have lately arrived from England.
21
Lieiit.-€ieneral Drummond to Sir Cieorg*^ ProYOiit.
KiNOHToN, June 7tli, 1H14.
SiK, — By a report I have received from the Right DiviHioii I
find that the traitor WeHtbnH>k, who t'oriiiei'Iy lived near Deleware
town, made hiH app«iarauce with aU)ut 30 riliemen of the enemy at
Port TaUxjt on the evening of th ; 30th ultimo, where they made
priuonera Captain WilH(m of the militia and the miller, an alHu
l>aptaiii Patterson at the hoUHe of Cvolonel Tallwt. The miller
effected Iuh eHcape, but the others were obliged to fake an oath
similar to that adminiHtered to the iidiabitantH of the new Hettle-
ment under pain of their houHcs being innnediately burnt, aH well
aa all others in the neighborhood. The party came from the west-
ward, did but little damage and returned after a very short stay,
through apprehension of their retreat being cut off' by the
assembling of the militia on the information of the man who made
his escape.
i'apt. J. II. lloUaiul, A. I>. €., to Miijor Deane, Royal Scot:*.
Fort Ge(>K(JE, May 31, 1814.
Sir, — I an» directed by Major-General Riall to transmit you
the enclosed secret instructions for the officer connnanding at Bur-
lington, which you will be pleased to hand to Colonel Scott of the
103d regiment on his arrival to take command of t\\e post.
An extract of the part No. 1 has been forwarded to Lieut.-
Colonel Parry.
I am directed to request that you will be pleased to acknowledge
the receipt of this.
Secret and Conjidential.
Fort George, May 31, 1814.
Sir, — As the entire command which the enemy possess of Lake
Erie and the means they have of moving from Detroit makes your
position very assailable, either by a landing at Long Point or its
vicinity, or a movement along the western road, and as my measures
will very materially depend on the reports I may receive, and which
I beg may be always instantly forwarded to me, of any attempts of
the enemy in that quarter, I have put together a few observations
upon the line of conduct I could wish you to adopt in the command
oi the post of Burlington and the advanced detachments.
1. From the recent events which have taken place, that part
of the country is evidently exposed to marauding parties, whose
sole object appears to be the destruction of private property. For
the purpose of checking these depredations I shall keep a larger
detachment there than I had otherwise intended, as small parties of
22 ^
observation at Burforcl and Long Point I should have considered
sufficient to watch the regular approaches of the enemy. You will
therefore detach a field officer and 200 men to Long Point and
instruct him accordingly. The officer selected for this command
will find the greatest assistance and resources in communicating
with Colonel Talbot, commanding the militia of the London District,
and such is the spirit and determination lately shown by them that
I not only consider this force as perfectly sufficient to protect the
inhabitants against any further marauding attempts, but even,
should the enemy appear in regular force, he will be enabled, with
their co-operation, to annoy his landing and harass his advance with
very considerable effect, retiring on the Grand River upon the
troops which will have advanced to that position from Burlington.
It will be advisable for him to detach small parties at such points
in his neighborhood as he shall see best suited for observing the
enemy's motions on the lake, and as I shall be much governed in
my intentions by his reports of the number and description of the
enemy's force, he cannot be too strictly cautioned on this subject ;
indeed it has been a principal object with me to have an officer of
rank stationed there upon whose information I could place
dependence.
2. On receiving intelligence of any attempt of the enemy
you will, of course, send such support to your advanced detachment
as you shall judge necessary from the report of the officer com-
manding. But should a landing in great force be effected I wish
you immediately to despatch information to the officer commanding
at York, in order that he may immediately advance to Burlington
with the garrison of that place, which he has received instructions
to do in this event without waiting till my orders could reach him,
at the same time that yourself with the whole of the troops and
Indians at Burlington (leaving a sufficient guard for the commis-
sariat and other stores) make a forward movement to the Grand
River, where your advanced detachment and militia will fall back,
and which position I should hope you will, with the means you
have, be enabled to maintain. But should you find it not possible,
your retreat should be made at once upon Burlington, as should the
enemy's force be so great as to force its passage you will find it
impossible to keep the open country about Ancaster.
3. There is always at Burlington a superintendent of the
Indian Department, with whom you may make arrangements for
the necessary co-operation of the Indians in any movement, and
with whom you will communicate on all subjects connected with
them.
4. It will be necessary to station an officer and 20 men at
23
Burford to watch the road from Detroit, and also to give notice of
any advance in that direction to the officer commanding at Long
Point, that his retreat may not be cut off", the enemy reaching the
Grand River before him.
There is a corps of very useful volunteers under Lieut,
McGregor, which it would be advisable to keep in advance of Bur-
ford, at Campfield s.
Lieuti-Colonel John Harvey* D. A. G., to Colonel Hercules Scott,
10341 Rest,
Kingston, June 28th, 1814.
Sir, — I am directed by Lieut-General Drummond to desire
that you will continue to afford every possible assistance to the
sheriff, not only in guarding and escorting the prisoners for trial,
but also such as are convicted and under sentence. Additional irons
are to be made if necessary, and every means taken to ensure their
safe custody.
The men employed on this duty are at all times to be com-
manded by steady officers.
Lieut.-Col. John Harvey to Colonel Hercules Scott.
(Secret.)
Deputy Adjutant-General's Office,
Kingston, July 5th, 1814.
Sir, — With reference to a former communication, I am directed
to acquaint you that, in consequence of the reduced state of the
garrison of York and other circumstances, Lieut.-General Drum-
mond has thought proper to withdraw, for the present, the power
which was granted you of calling upon the officer commanding at
York for a reinforcement of half his force in the event of an attack
being made by the enemy upon the post at Burlington.
The General desires me to request that you will yourself see
the prisoners who are under sentence of death at Ancaster. As it
is most desirable to ascertain their security, 3'^ou will be pleased to
make an immediate report on the subject, for the information of
Lieut.-General Drummond, who also directs me to desire that
additional irons, leg bolts, etc., may be made if necessary, and in
fact that every possible precaution may be taken to obviate all
danger of their escape or rescue, which will, of course, become
greater as the time of their execution draws nearer. The Lieut-
General depends entirely on your vigilance and caution to prevent
the ends of justice being defeated.
24
Lleut.-General Drnmmond to Lord Bathurst, Secretary of State
for the Colonies.
(No. 17.)
Kingston, Julj^ 3, 1814.
My Lord, — I was detained at York by the meeting of the
Legislature till the 18th of March, vhen I returned to Kingston
and gave up my whole time and consideration to concert measures
for the safety of the province. I strained every nerve to place our
fleet in a condition most confidently to meet the enemy, by furnish-
ing Sir James Yeo every assistance that cw.ld possibly be derived
from the troops. With this united exertion the two lai'ge ships,
the Prince Regent, carrying 50 guns, and Princess Charlotte, 44,
were completed ready for sea while the American fleet were still in
port and by no means in a state to come out to meet ours under a
considerable time.
I projected an attack on Sackett's Harbor, which I did not
think in the least chimerical. On the 27th April I communicated
my design to Sir George Prevost and stated the force I deemed
necessary. When disappointed in this. I turned my thoughts to the
destruction of the depot at Fort Oswego, by which the American
fleet has been retarded beyond measure in acquiring that degree of
strength which must be vastly superior to our own before the
enemy could venture to take the lake, and it is only now I leam
that in a few days their vessels will, for the flrst time this season,
leave Sackett's Harbor.
The strict blockade kept up by Sir James Yeo on the harbor
and line of coast until the affair of Sandy Creek did much to
retard their naval pieparations, as they were obliged to send all
species of equipments by circuitous land routes on which they
experienced extreme bad roads. But they are now so formidable
that Sir James Yeo will be obliged to remain in port until his new
ship is finished. To conciliate the people I have directed the
magistrates of each district in full assemblyto fix upon a fair price
to he paid for every article. It is highly probable that a similar
vote of censure will be passed on my conduct as on Major-General
De Rottenburg last year, and I would like to know if my conduct
is unconstitutional.
Sir Gordon Drnmmond to Sir George Prevost.
Kingston, July 5th, 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to transmit herewith a copy of the
letter addressed to the officer conmianding at Presqu' Isle by Major-
General Riall, on the subject of the conduct of the detachment of
26
the enemy's troops which some time since landed at Turkey Point,
together with Colonel Campbell's reply thereto.
This letter was received oy Major-General Riall in the state I
now forward it to Your Excellency, it appearing to have the seal of
General Brown affixed to it, and as it enclosed a New York news-
paper the supposition is that General Brown drew his pen across
the insolent observation of the latter part of it.
Major-General Riall reports that the enemy broke up from
Buffalo on the 27th ultimo and has proceeded to Eleven Mile Creek;
from thence to the mouth of Tonnewanto it is only six miles of a
good road, where it is thought they will collect their boats for the
purpose of crossing over between Navy and Grand Islands.
The Major-General directed Lieut.-Colonel Pearson to make a
reconnoissance from Niagara Fort, but nothing extraordinary was
discovered within a circuit of six miles from the place. The Lake
Erie squadron with troops on board sailed from Presqu' Isle the
20th ultimo, report said for Michilimakinac and Matchedash on Lake
Huron, Nine gunboats carrying heavy metal were at Buffalo.
The force of the enemy computed at nearly 5,000.
Captain Crowther of the 41st Regiment has arrived at Fort
Niagara and is anxious to obtain a sanction from superior authority
to return to his duty, as he conceives the parole exacted of him to
be even more particular than that given to the other officers who
came in before him.
On the relief of the King's Regiment Major-General Riall con-
sidered it advisable, in which I fully concur with him, to place the
100th Regiment at Chippawa and Fort Erie, the Incorporated
Militia (now in an admirable state of discipline and efficiency
under Captain Robinson of the King's Regiment,) with the Light
Companies of the Royals and 100th under the command of Lieut.-
Colonel Tucker, with the 4l8t Regiment at Fort Niagara, Lieut.-
Colonel Pearson between those places, and Lieut.-Colonel Hamilton
at Long Point.
Sir Gordon Druminoiid to iiir George Prevost.
Kingston, July 7th, 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to acquaint Your Excellency that about
150 Western Indians, under Captains Caldwell and Elliott, were
crossed over last week at Niagara for the purpose of ascertaining
in which direction the enemy went when he broke up from Buffalo,
and on this service they burnt the barracks at Hardscrabble, about
five or six miles from Lewiston, capable of accommodating from
1,500 to 2,000 men. They returned without having committed the
26
smallest act of personal violence to any individual. But having
brought off some horses and cattle, private property, it was thought
proper to induce them to leave them behind, which they did with
very great reluctance and dissatisfaction, and in remuneration for
this forbearance I have deemed it advisable to give directions that
30 dollars each shall be paid for the horses and 20 dollars each for
the cattle.
I am concerned to inform Your Excellency that a gunboat and
a Durham boat of the enemy landed a strong party at Presqu' Isle
(Lake Ontario) on the night of the 1st inst., where they burnt the
storehouse of a Mr. Gibson and a small schooner which was build-
ing there by him.
Major-Cieneral Peter B. Porter to Ciovernor D. D, Tompkins.
Buffalo, July 3, 1814.
Sir, — General Brown crossed the Niagara this morning in pur-
suance of an admirable plan which was admirably executed, and
invested Fort Erie, which surrendered to him this afternoon with a
garrison of 120 men. And all this without the loss of a man killed
and scarcely a shot exchanged.
As to my corps, I need not tell you, because Your Excellency
knows how egregiously my expectations have been disappointed in
every respect. Instead of being provided with clothing, quarter-
master's stores, &c., by the general government, it was not until
long after the force was to have been assembled and organized that
I was able to obtain from the Secretary of War any recognition or
even any notice of the existence of such a corps. I have not yet
received a rifle, sabre, bayonet, blanket, and but a partial supply of
tents.
I have 500 Indians and 150 mounted men with me at the place
where General Brown wished me to be at the time of his crossing.
The infantry I left at Batavia with Colonel Swift, who was obliged
to wait a few days for the arrival of some quartennaster's stores
and for some companies not yet arrived. He is, however, now on
his march to this place.
My whole force will be about 1 ,000 volunteers and 500 Indians.
To this General Brown has agreed to add, as soon as Colonel Swift
arrives, the regiment of Pennsylvania volunteers, which will in-
crease the command to upwards of 2,000. With this respectable
force and the fair support of General Brown, which I have no
doubt he will give, I hope to gain some credit for the volunteers.
I find myself, however, commanded by two young brigadiers.
Of my repugnance to the command of one of them (Scott ?), with
27
whose character I anj better acquainted than the world generally,
you were apprised last winter.
Had I foreseen the situation in which I was to be thrown,
nothing would have induced me to have undertaken the task I did.
But I embarked, and if I have but ten men I will persevere.
General Swift is with me and I feel anxious he should continue.
The expense of two Generals in the corps need not be an objection.
As to myself, in whatever situation, I want only enough to defray
my current expenses. My object is not pay.
Burlington, June (July ?) 4, 1814.
Having received information from Major-General Riall of the
enemy havmg landed, and considering it probable that an attack
may be soon made on this post, I have been led to look most
attentively at the works which are now going on under the acting
engineer, and from the wretched state they are in I am of opinion
that they are not capable for a moment of being depended on, nor
do I see any prospect of their being made so. Under these circum-
stances I have been led to consider what may be the best and most
expeditious mode of rendering this position defensible, but well
knowing the misrepresentations that may be made of my conduct
and of the present state of the defences of this place, and con-
sequently the censure that would follow were I at once to order
the men to be employed on the works in a different mode to what
they have hitherto been employed, I consider it necessary for the
good of the service, and for my own justification, to call on the
senior officei"s in garrison to inspect with me the present state of
the works, and also to consider of the plan I have now to propose,
so as with the means in our power to put the place in a state of
defence. Officers present, viz. :
Major Maule, D. A. Q. M. General.
Major Smelt, 103d Regiment.
Captain Brown, 103d Regiment.
Lieut. Charlton, senior officer of R. A.
Lieut. Engouville, acting engineer.
Lieut. Reynolds, D. A. Commissary General.
I have now to propose that the ditch of the old works shall be
immediately widened and piqueted with the piquets now on the
beach, a small angle to be thrown up so as to flank the ditch, the
rampart to be repaired and thickened, platforms placed for such
guns as are disposable. Two guns to be mounted on the new block-
house near the work, such as the officer of artillery may think
proper, and placed on temporary platforms as he may direct. These
28
I consider the first and most important works. Should time and
means permit, platforms to be laid in the new works lately thrown
up so as to enable the fieldpieces (if judged expedient to be ran out)
to be fired over those works and to retard the advance of an enemy.
Abattis to be formed on the ravine near the Red House so as to
retard an enemy advancing on the left, the whole of the timber on
the right bank near the marsh and in advance of the old works to
l:»o felled so as to cover the right flank. Should further time permit
an abattis to be formed so as to connect in some degree the new
works and retard the advance of an enemy. These, gentlemen, are
the proposals I have to make for the purpose of putting this place
in some state of defence in two or three days. At present I have
not a doubt that it will appear obvious to every one that it is in no
state whatever, and from the works at present going on there is not
the smallest prospect of its being in any state of defence for many
days. I have now to request your opinions on the plan I have pro-
posed, and shall be most happy to adopt any other which may be
considered better. For the purpose of expediting the cutting of
the timber, I propose that the militia shall be employed, to whom a
reasonable allowance shall be made by three respectable persons, to
be chosen. By this means I am confident the place will be in a
state of defence in three days.
H. Scott,
Colonel, 103d.
We are of opinion that the proposal of Colonel Scott is
extremely judicious and should be immediately carried into effect.
Wm. Smelt, Major 103d.
J. Maule, Major, D. A. Q. M. G.
J, Brown, Capt, 103d Reg.
G. Charlton, Lieut., R. Arty.
RoBT.' Reynolds, D. A. C. G.
Abstract of Weekly Distribution Return of the fiixht Division,
Major-Creneral Rial!.
Headquarters, Fort George. June 22, 1814.
Fort Niagara, Lieut-Col. Hartiiltoii, 100th Regt.:
Staff — ^twenty-one officei-s.
Royal Artillery — one officer, twelve privates.
Royal Marine Artillery — two officers, three sergeants, thirty
privates.
8th Regt. — one private.
100th Regt. — 23 officers, 33 sergeants, 21 drummers, 535 rank
and file — 25 sick.
29
Total — 47 officers, 36 sergeants, 21 drummers, 678 rank and
file— 25 sick.
F(yrt George and dependenciefi, Lieut-Colonel Qcyrdon, Royal Scots :
19th Ldght Dragoons — two officers, two sergeants, one bugler,
28 rank and file — five sick.
Provincial Light Dragoons — two officers, three sergeants, 16
rank and file.
Royal Engineers — one officer.
Royal Artillery — two officers, one sergeant, two buglers, 18
rank and file — five sick.
Royal Marine Artillery — three officers, two sergeants, one
bugler, thirty-two rank and file.
Royal Artillery Drivers — three privates — four sick.
Incorporated Militia Artillery — two sergeants, two privates.
Ist Royal Scots — twenty -three officers, 44 sergeants, 18 drum-
med, 677 rank and file — 88 sick.
103d — four officers, six sergeants, one drummer, 129 rank and
file.
Colored Corps — one officer, two sergeants, twenty rank and
file — four sick.
Total — 38 officers, 62 sergeants, 23 drummers and buglers, 927
rank and file — 106 sick.
Qiteenston and dependencies, Major Deane, Royal Scots:
19th Light Dragoons — one sergeant, eight rank and file.
Royal Artillery — 40 rank and file.
Royal Artillery Drivei-s — three sergeants, one bugler, 15 rank
and file.
1st Royal Scots — 10 officers, 13 sergeants, four drummers, 195
rank and file — eight sick.
Total — 11 officers, 17 sergeants, five drummers and buglei*s,
258 rank and file — eight sick.
Chippawa and dependencies, Colonel Young, 8th Regt. :
19th Light Dragoons — one sergeant, four rank and file.
Royal Artillery — 11 rank and file.
Incorporated Militia Artillery — eight rank and file.
Royal Artillery Drivers — seven rank and file.
8th Regiment— 25 officers, 28 sergeants, eight drummers, 398
rank and file — 88 sick.
Total — 26 officers, 29 sergeants, 8 drummers, 428 rank and
file— 88 sick.
Fort Erie and dependencies, Majar Buck, 8th Megt. :
19th Light Dragoons — one officer, one sei^eant, 23 rank and file.
Koyal Artillery — 12 rank file.
30
8th Regiment — eight officera, seven sergeants, one drummer,
111 rank and file.
Total — 10 officers, 8 sergeants, one druunner, 146 rank and tile.
Long Point and dependencies, Lieut.-Colonel Parry, 103d Regt. :
19th Light Dragoons — three officera, six sergeants, one bugler,
53 rank and file — one sick.
Provincial Light Dragoons — one officer, one sergeant, 13 rank
and file.
89th Regt. — one private sick.
103d Regt. — eleven officers, 13 sergeants, two drummers, 187
rank and file — four sick.
Kent Volunteers — three officers, three sergeants, 41 rank and
file.
Total — 18 officers, 23 sergeants, three dnimmei's and buglers,
249 rank and file — six sick.
Burlington, Colonel H. Scott, lOiid Regt. :
Provincial Dragoons — three rank and file.
Royal Artillery — one officer, 18 rank and file — one sick.
Royal Artillery Drivers — one officer, one sergeant, 15 rank
and file.
Ist Royal Scots — one sick.
89th Regt. — one sick.
103d Regt. — 18 officers, 29 sergeants, 20 drummers, 350 I'ank
and file — 20 sick.
Total — twenty officers, 30 sergeants, 20 drummei-s, 386 i*ank
and file — 23 sick.
York, Colonel Stewart, Royal Seotf* :
Royal Artillery — one officer, 12 rank and file.
Royal Artillery Drivera — one officer, one sergeant, nine i'ank
and file.
Royal and Provincial Engineers — two officers, one sergeant, 17
rank and file.
Ist Royal Scots — two officer's, one sergeant, three rank and
file — nine sick.
8th Regt. — one sergeant, three rank and file — four sick.
41st Regt. — 29 officers, 33 sergeants, 17 drummers, 493 rank
and file — twelve sick.
89th TRegt. — one sergeant — one sick.
103d Regt. — one. sergeant — one sick.
Royal Newfoundland Regt. — one officer, one private — one sick.
Incorporated Militia — 29 officers, 27 sergeants, 11 drummers,
339 rank and file — 25 sick.
Total — 65 officers, 66 sergeants, 28. drummers, 877 rank and
file — 53 sick.
81
Major-Cieneral Riall lo Sir Crordon Drnmmond.
Chippawa, July 6th, 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to inform you that the enemy effected
a landing on the morning of the third inst., at the ferry opposite
Black Rock, having driven in the picquet of the ganison of Fort
Erie. I was made acquainted with this circumstance about eight
in the morning and gave orders for an immediate advance to
Chippawa of five companies of the Royal Scots to reinforce the
giirrison of that place. Lieut.-Colonel Peai'son had moved forward
from thence with the flank companies of the 100th, some militia
and a few Indians, to reconnoitre their position and numbera. He
found them posted on the ridge parallel to the river near the ferry
and in strong force. I received mformation from Major Buck that
they had also landed a considerable force above Fort Erie. In
consequence of the King's Regiment, which I had reason to expect
the day l>efore from York, not having arrived, I was prevented from
making an attack that night.
The following morning (the 4th) a body of their troops were
re[x>i*ted to be advancing by the river. I moved to reconnoitre and
found them to be in considerable force, with cavalry and artillery
and a large body of riflemen. Lieut.-Colonel Pearson was in
advance during the reconnoissance with the light company of the
Royal Scots, the flank companies of the 100th, and a few of the
19th Dragoons, four of whom and eight horses were wounded in a
skinnish with the enemy's riflemen.
Having been joined by the King's Regiment on the morning
of the 5th I made my dispositions for attack at four o'clock in the
afternoon. The light companies of the Royal Scots and the 100th
Regiment, with the 2d Lincoln Militia, formed the advance, under
Lieut-Colonel Pearson. The Indian warriors were thrown out on
our right flank in the woods. The troops moved in three columns,
the third (the King's Regiment) being in advance. The enemy had
taken up a position with his right resting on some buildings and
orchards close to the river Niagara and strongly supported by
irtillery, his left towards the woods having a considerable bodj'' of
riflemen and Indians in front of it.
Our Indians and militia were shortly engaged with the enemy's
riflemen and Indians, who at fii*st checked their advance, but the
light troops being brought to their support they succeeded after a
• sharp contest in dislodging them in a very handsome style. I
placed two light 24 pounders and a 5| inch howitzer against the
right of the enemy's position, and formed the Royal Scots and 100th
Regiment with ^he intention of making a movement on his left.
32
which deployed with the greatest i-egulanty and opened a heavy
tire. I immediately moved up the King's Regiment to the right
while the 100th and Royal Scots were directed to charge the enemy
in front, for which they advanced with the greatest gallantry under
a most destructive tire. I am sorry to say, however, that in this
attempt they suffered so severely that I was obliged to withdraw
theuj, finding their further etfoiis against the superior numbers of
the enemy would be unavailing.
From the report of some prisoners we have made, the enemy's
force amounted to about six thousand men with a very numerous
train of artillery, having been augmented by a very large bod}' of
troops which moved down from Fort Erie immediately before the
commencement of the action.
Our own force of regular troops amounted to about fifteen
hundred exclusive of the Indians and militia, of which description
there were not above three hundred. Fort Erie, I underatand, sur-
rendered upon capitulation on the third instant.
Although this att'air was not attended with the success which
I had hoped for, it will be highly gratifying to you to learn that
the officers and men behaved with the greatest gallantry. I am
particularly indebted to Lieut.-Colonel Pearaon for the very great
assistance I have received from him and for the manner in which
he led his troops into action. Lieut.-Colonel the Marquis of
Tweeddale and Major Evans, commanding the King's Regiment,
merit my warmest praise for the good example they showed at the
head of their respective regiments. The artillery, under the com-
mand of Captain Mackonochie, was ably served and directed with
good effects, and I am particularly obliged to Major Lisle of the 19th
Light Dragoons for the manner in which he covered and protected
one of the 24 pounders which had been disabled. I have reason to
be highly gratified with the zeal, activity and intelligence of Captain
Holland, my aide de camp, Captain Eliot, deputy-assistant-quarter-
m aster-general, Staff Adjutant Greig and Lieutenant Fox of the
Royal Scots, who acted as major of brigade during the absence of
Major Glegg at Fort George. The conduct of Lieut.-Colonel
Dickson of the 2d Lincoln Militia has been most exemplary, and I
am very much indebted to him for it on this as well as on other
occasions in which he has evinced the greatest zeal for His Majesty's
service. The conduct of the officers and men of this regiment has
also been highly praiseworthy.
Lieut.-Colonel Pearson has reported to me the excellent manner
in which Lieut. Horton, with a party of the 19th Light Dragoons,
observed the motions of the enemy while he occupied the position
he took on his first landing and during his advance* to this place.
83
Abitract of Return of Casaaltlei In the Action Near €hlppawa»
5th Jnly, 1814.
General Staff — one captain wounded.
Royal Artillery — one Icilled, four wounded.
Royal Artillery Drivers — one subaltern wounded, two horses,
killed.
19th Light Dragoons — one sergeant, live rank and file wounded^
one horse wounded.
Ist Royal Scots — 63 killed, 35 wounded, 30 missing.
8th Regiment — three killed, 24 wounded.
100th Regiment — 69 killed, 134 wounded, 1 missing.
Lincoln Militia — 12 killed, 16 wounded, 15 missing.
One twenty-four pounder limber blown up, two tumbrils
damaged.
Ihe men returned as missing are supposed to be killed or
wounded.
Officers killed — Captain Bailey, Royal Scots ; Lieut. Gibbon,
Ensign Rea, 100th ; Capts. Rowe and Turney and Lieut. McDonnell,
Lincoln Militia.
Officers wounded — General Staff — Capt. Holland, A. D. C. ; R.
A. Drivers, Lieut. Jack ; Royal Scots, Lieut.-Col. Gordon, Capts.
Bird and Wilson (prisoner), Lieuts. W. Campbell, Fox, Jackson,
Hendrick, McDonald, A. Campbell and Connell.
8th — Lieut. Boyle.
lOOth — Lieut.-Col. the Marquis of Tweeddale, Capts. Sherrard
and Sleigh, Lieuts. Williams, Lyon, Valentine and Fortune (missing),
Ensigns Clarke and Johnson, Adjutant Kingston.
Lincoln Militia — Lieut.-Col. Dickson, Lieuts. Clement and
Bowman, Ensign Kirkpatrick.
Sir Gordon Druinmond to Sir George Prevost.
Kingston, July 9th, 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to acquaint Your Excellency that at a
late hour last night I received a report from Major-General Riall,
dated Chippawa, the 5th inst., in which he informed me that on the
morning of the 3d the enemy landed opposite Black Rock in con-
siderable force. The Major-General immediately moved forward
with five companies of the Royal Regiment to Chippawa. On the
4th the enenjy occupied a position along the banks of the creek
which runs from the river by Mr. Street's house to the wood.
Being in hourly expectation that the King's Regiment would
join him from York, (which it did on the 5th,) Major-General Riall
34
did not move forward to the attack of the enemy until four o'clock
on the afternoon of that day. I re^-et, however, to state that tlie
Major-Oeneral found it neceHsary to retire on the position at Chip-
pawa after having HUHtained a Hovere Iohs, not far short, I am
apprehensive, of 500 in officers and men. The enemy's loss must
have lieen considerahle.
It is with great satisfaction that I have to report to Your
Excellency the veiy high terms in which Major-Oeneral Riall
expresses hinmelf of the steadiness and good concfuct of the troops,
but the superior numbers to which his force was opposed, (for I
imagine they could scarcely have exceeded one thousand men,)
rendered their gallant efforts unavailing.
By information received from pnsoners, it appears that the
American army waH estimated at 6,000 njen, with a considerable
train of artillery. They were commanded by Generals Brown,
Scott, Ripley and Porter. From the same source the Major-Oeneral
was made ac(|uainted with the capture by capitulation of Fort Erie
on Sunday last.
The 100th Regiment has .suffered severely, having had 12
officers killed and wounded ; the Royal Regiment has lost in the
sajne proportion. I am concerned to add that amongst the wounded
are Lieut. -Colonel (Jordon, Lieut.-Colonel the Marquis of Tweed-
dale, and Capt. Holland, A. D. C. to Major-Oeneral Riall.
The Major-Oeneral has not correctly ascertained what are the
intentions of the eneiiij^ as to the subseciuent operations, but he was
inclined to think their efforts would be directed to turning the
right of his position at Chippawa.
Major-Oeneral Riall's official report has not yet been trans-
mitted to me, but the moment it arrives it shall be forwarded to
Your Excellency.
Major Clifford with three companies of the 89th arrived hero
on Tuesday: they proceed with the light company this evening to
the Riglit Division. I expect Lieut.-Colonel Morrison to-morrow
with the remainder, in the coui-se of the day, when they shall be
pushed forward also.
I request Your Excellency will bo pleased to expedite the
movement of the 6th and 82d Regiments to this place, as the
garrison is extremely deficient in sti-ength, consisting only of the
104th and De Watteville's Regiments, and that you will be pleased
also to order such officers of the Royal Regiment and of the 100th
a.s may be now in the Lower Province to join their regiments
without delay.
86
§lr Oordon Drummond Co §lr George Prevost.
KiNdMTON, July 10th, 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to traiiHinit herewith a copy of Major-
Oeneral Riall'H official report on the Hubject of the landing of the
enemy between Chippawa and Fort Krio on the 3d inst., and of the
Major-General's attack upon their position on the 5th.
It is highly satisfactory to observe that the i^allantry and
steadiness of British soldiers throutjhout the conduct of every
regiment engaged, and that the 2d Regiment of Lincoln Militia,
un<ler the comnmn<l of Lieut.-Colonel Dickson, which composed part
of the advance under Lieut -Colonel Pearson, oijually distinguished
themselves, although their brave and vigorous efforts proved un-
availing against the prodigious superiority in numbers which the
enemy possessed, and which induced the Major-General to with-
draw his small force to the position of Chippawa.
Sir <iiordon Driiinmond to Sir Cieorge Prcvost.
(Oonfldantlal.)
Kingston, July 10th, 1814.
Dear Sir, — Your Excellency will receive by the same convey-
ance Major-General Riall's official report of his attack on the enemy
in their position at Street's Creek.
The conduct of the troops and militia appears to have been
highly creditable, and nothing but the exceedingly unequal numbers
of the enemy could have prevented the attack from being covered
with complete success.
Our artillery was well served, and a disabled brass twenty-four
pounder, which had its limber blown up and the two shaft horses
killed, was saved principally by the exertions of Major Lisle of the
19th Light Dragoons.
The enemy deployed into line, and withstood our attacks with
the greatest steadiness.
They are now understood to be establishing batteries under
cover of the wood in front of the position at Chippawa, from which
Major-General Riall is apprehensive he will be under the necessity
of retiring, as his force is so consi^lerably diminished from the
casualties of the action and from the fall of Fort Erie.
I regret extremely the loss of this place, which I had the
strongest hopes would have made an excellent defence, or at all
events held the enemy in check for several days. I felt the more
confident in that expectation from Captain Marlowe's report of it
on his return from that frontier.
Our Indian allies, as usual, proved of little service. There
36
were but few on the ground— about 200 under Norton and about
100 of the western tribes, and these penetrated too far into the
woods to afford the assistance required of thera.
I perceive the Major-General has omitted, in the haste of
transmission I presume, the numbers he had on the ground. The
Royals took into the field about 500, half of whom have been
killed or disabled for the present; the 100th, about 460, have
suffered in even a greater proportion, and have not now more than
four duty officers remaining. The King's, I imagine to have been
from the embarkation returns from York, about 400, has not ex-
perienced much loss. These, with the artillery, the 19th Dragoons
and the Lincoln Militia, would constitute a force of about 1,500.
I beg, therefore, again to request that every absent officer of
these corps be ordered to join forthwith, as well as Lieut.-Colonel
Ogilvie of the King's Regiment, Colonel Young being on his way
from York to Montreal, and there being consequently but one field
officer with the regiment.
I have been happy to learn of the arrival at Queenston of the
Incorporated Militia, under Captain Robinson of the King's Regi-
ment. This is the only divsposeable corps I had left to send. But
as soon as the 89th, which leaves this place to-day under Lieut. -
Colonel Morrison, arrives at York, I propose pushing forward the
Glengarry Light Infantry to Burlington to support Major-General
Riall, or, with the 103d Regiment, to sustain that post, and I have
placed the two flank companies of the 104th, completed to 60 each,
under Lieut.-Colonel Drummond, for the purpose of acting with
the Indians in that direction also, as circumstances may require.
I fear we shall suffer much difficulty in feeding all this force,
Mr. Couche having received a letter from Mr. Turquand this day,
expressing his apprehensions of a failure in the article of flour,
which it is totally im[( ;«, ible to assist them in from Kingston from
the want of means oi vvansport from hence; I have even been
under the necessity of taking twelve batteaux from the brigades
which arrived yesterday to forward the 89th Regiment to York.
I am happy to observe that Major-General Riall states there is
a sufficiency of provisions in each of the forts for the supply of
their garrisons until our fleet can take the lake again.
Major-General Riall has heard that the enemy are collecting a
force at Detroit.
The Marquis of Tweeddale's wound is in the leg and severe ;
Lieut.-Colonel Gordon's in the chin and neck ; Captain Holland's
in the head and through the left hand; Captains Sleigh and
Sherrard in three places each, the former supposed to be mortal.
37
The General himself was struck on the hip, but without
further injury than to tear his coat.
Sir James Yeo has received a letter from a vsry intelligent
officer of the navy, captured at Sandy Creek. He states that the
enemy's new ship Superior is very low between decks, and carries
32 pounders, her ports very close. The new ship Molmwk is less
by a port on each side than the Prince Regent. This officer had a
good opportunity of viewing the works of defence at Sackett's
Harbor, which he states to have l)een considerably strengthened, so
much so as to require at least 7,000 men to ensure success against
them.
General Order.
Adjutant-General's Office, Left Division,
July 2, 1814.
Major-General Brown has the satisfaction to announce to the
troops of his division that he is authorized by the orders of his
government to put them in motion against the enemy. The iirst
and second brigades, with the corps of artillery, will cross the
Straights before them this night, or as early to-morrow as possible.
The necessary instructions have been given to the brigadiers, and
by them to the commanding officers of regiments and corps.
Upon entering Canada the laws of war will govern. Men
found in arms, or otherwise engaged in the service of the enemy,
will be treated as enemies ; those behaving peaceably and following
their private occupations will be treated as friends. Private
property in all cases will be held sacred. Public property, where-
ever found, will be seized and disposed of by the commanding
general. Our utmost protection will be given to all who actually
join or evince a desire to join us.
Plundering is prohibited. The Major-General does not appre-
hend any difficulty on this with the regular army, or with honor-
able volunteers who press to the standard of their country to
avenge her wrongs and to gain a name in arms. Profligate men
who follow the army for plunder must not expect that thej'^ will
escape the vengeance of the gallant spirits who are struggling to
exalt the national character. Any plunderer shall be punished
with death who shall be found violating this law.
By order of the Major-General.
C. K. Gardner,
Adjutant-General.
38
(Fram Branncm's Ojfficial Letters, Washington, 1823.)
Major-General Brown to the Secretary of War.
Chippawa Plains, July 6th, 1814.
Sir, — Excuse my silence. I have been much engaged. Fort
Erie did not, as I assured you it should not, detain me a single day.
At 11 o'clock on the night of the 4th I arrived at this place with
the reserve. General Scott having taken the position about noon
with the van. My arrangements for turning and taking in near
the enemy's position east of Chippawa was made, when Major-
General Riall, suspecting our intention, and adhering to the rule
that it is l)etter to give than receive an attack, came from behind
his works about five o'clock in the afternoon of the 5th in order of
battle. We did not baulk him. Before six o'c'ock his line was
broken and his forces defeated, leaving on the field four hundred
killed and wounded. He was closely pressed, and would have been
utterly ruined but for the proximity of his works, whither he fled
for shelter. The wounded of the enemy and those of our own
army must be attended. They will be removed to Buffalo. This,
v/ith very limited means of transport, will take a day or two, after
which I shall advance, not doubting but that the gallant and accom-
plished troops I have will break down all opposition between me
and Lake Ontario, when, if met by the fleet, all is well — if not,
under the favor of heaven, we shall behave in a way to avoid
disgn 3e. My detailed report shall be made in a day or two.
Major-General Jacob Brown to the Secretary of War.
Headquarters, Chippawa Plains, July 7th, 1814.
Dear Sir, — On the second inst. I issued my orders for cross-
ing the Niagara River and made arrangements deemed necessary
for securing the garrison of Fort Erie. On the 3d inst. that post
surrendered, at 5 p. m. Our loss in this affair was four wounded.
I have enclosed a return of the prisoners of the ordnance, and the
ordnance stores captured.
To secure my rear I have placed a garrison in this fort and
requested Captain Kennedy to station his vessels near the post.
On the morning of the 4th, Brig. -General Scott with his
brigade and a corps of artillery was ordered to advance towards
Chippawa and be governed by circumstances, taking care to secure
a good military position for the night. After some skirmishing
with the enemy, he selected this plain with the eye of a soldier —
his right resting on the river and a ravine being in front. At 11
at right I joined him with the reserve under General Ripley, our
tielfi and battering train, and corps of artillery under Major
39
Himlman. General Porter arrived next morning with a part of
the New York and Pennsylvania volunteers and some of the
warriors of the Six Nations.
Early in the morning of the 5th, the enemy commenced a petty
war upon our pickets, and as he was indulged his presumption
increased ; by noon he showed himself on the left of our exterior
line, and attacked one of our pickets as it was returning to camp.
Captain Treat, who commanded it, retired disgracefully, leaving a
wounded man on the ground. Captain Biddle of the artillery, who
was near the scene, impelled by feelings highly honorable to him as
a soldier and officer, promptly tissumed command of this picket, led
it back to the wounded man, and brought him off the field. I
ordered Capt. Treat on the spot to retire from the army, and as I
am anxious that no officer shall remain under my command who
can be suspected of cowardice, I advise that Captain Treat and
Lieut, (name illegible), who was also with the picket, be struck from
the rolls of the army.
At 4 o'clock p. m., agreeably to a plan I had given General
Porter, he advanced from the rear of our camp with the volunteer's
and Indians (taking the woods in order to keep out of view of the
enemy) with a hope of bringing his pickets and scouting parties
between his (Porter's) line of march and our camp. As Porter
Hioved I ordered the parties advanced in front of our camp to fall
back gradually under the enemy's fire, to draw them, if possible, up
to our line. About half-past four the advance of General Porter's
command met the light parties of the enemy in the woods upon our
extreme left — the enemy was driven, and Porter advancing near
to Chippawa met their whole column in order of battle. From the
cloud of dust rising and the heavj- firing, I was led to conclude that
the whole force of the enemy was in march and prepared for action.
I immediately ordered General Scott to advance with his brigade
and Towson's artillery and meet them upon the piain in front of
our camp. The General < .. not expect to be gratified ao soon wnth
a field engagement. He advanced in the most prompt and officer-
like style, and in a few minutes was in close action upon the plain
with a superior force of British regular troops. By this time
General Porter's command had given way and fled in every
direction, notwithstanding his personal gallantry and great exertions
to stay their flight. The vetreat of the volunteers and Indians
caused the left flank of General Scott's brigade to be greatly
exposed. Captain Harris, with his dragoons, was directed to stop
the fugitives behind the ravine fronting our camp, and I sent
Colonel Gardner to order General Ripley to advance with the 21st
Regiment, which formed a part of the reserve, pass to the left of
40
our camp, skirt the woods so as to keep out of view, and fall upon
the rear of the enemy's right flank: this order was promptly
obeyed and the greatest exertions were made by the 21st Regiment
to gain their position, but in vain, for such, was the zeal and
gallantry of the line commanded by General Scott that its advance
upon the enemy was not to be checked. Major Jessup, command-
ing the left flank battalion, finding himself pressed in front and in
flank and his men falling fast around him, ordered his battalion to
"support arms and advance." This order was promptly obeyed
amidst the most deadly and destructive fire ; he gained a more
secure position and returned upon the enemy so galling a discharge
as caused them to retire. By this time their whole line was falling
back and our gallant soldiers pressing upon them as fast as possible.
As soon as the enemy had gained the sloping ground descending
towards Chippawa and distant a quarter of a mile, he broke and
ran to gain his works ; in this effort he was too successful, and the
guns from his batteries opening immediately upon our line checked
in some degree the pursuit. At this moment I resolved to bring up
all my ordnance and force the place by a direct attack. Major
Wood of the corps of engineers, and my aid, Captain Austin, rode
to the bank of the creek towards the right of their line of works
and examined them. I was induced by the lateness of their report,
the lateness of the hour, and the advice of General Scott and Major
Wood, to order the forces to retire to camp.
My most difficult duty remains. I am depressed with the fear
of not being able to do justice to my companions in arms, and
apprehensive that some who had an opportunity of distinguishing
themselves and promptly embraced it will escape my notice.
Brig.-General Scott is entitled to the highest praises our
country can bestow ; to him more than any other man am I in-
debted for the victory of the 5th of July. His brigade has covered
itself with glory. Eveiy officer and every man of the 9th, 22d, 11th,
and 25th Regiments did his duty with a zeal and energy worthy
of the American character. When eveiy officer stands so pre-
eminently high in the path of duty and honor, it is impossible to
discriminate, but I cannot deprive myself of the pleasure of saying
that Major Leavenworth commanded the 9th and 22d ; Major
Jessup the 25th, and Major McNeil the 11th. Colonel Campbf;ii
was wounded early in the action, gallantly leading on his regiment.
The family of General Scott was conspicuous in the field :
Lieut. Smith of the 6th Infantry, Major of Brigade, and Lieu-
tenants Worth and Watts, his aids.
From General Ripley and his brigade I received every assist-
ance that I gave them an opportunity of rendering. I did not
41
order any part of the reserve into action until General Porter's
command had given way; and then General Scott'a movements
were so rapid and decisive that General Ripley could not get up in
time with the 21st to the position as directed. The corps of artil-
lery under Major Hindman were not generally in action ; this was
not their fault. Captain Towson's company' was the only one that
had a full opportunity of distinguishing itself ; and it is believed
that no company ever embraced an opportunity with moie zeal or
more success.
A detachment from the 2d Brigade, under the command of
Lieut. McDonald, penetrated the woods with the Indians and
volunteers, and for their support. The conduct of McDonald and
his command reflects high honor upon the brigade to which they
belong.
The conduct of General Porter has been conspicuously gallant.
Every assistance in his power to afford with the description of force
under his connnand has been rendered. We could not expect him
to contend with the British column of regulars which appeared
upon the plains of Chippawa. It was no cause of surprise to me
to see his command retire before this column.
Justice forbids that I should omit to name my own family.
They yield in honorable zeal, intelligence, and attention to duty.
Colonel Gardner, Major Jones, and my aids. Captains Austin and
Spencer, have been as active and as much devoted to the cause as
any officers of the army. Their conduct merits my w^armest
acknowledgments. Of Gardner and Jones I shall have occasion
again to speak to you. Major Camp, Deputy Quartermaster-
General, deserves my particular notice and approbation. B}'- his
great exertions I was enabled to And the means of crossing. Cap-
tain Daliba, of the ordnance department, has rendered every service
in his power.
The enclosed return will show you our loss and furnish you
with the names of the dead and wounded ofiicei's. These gallant
men must not be forgotten. Our country will remember them and
do them justice.
In the above action the enemy had 208 killed, and 95 wounded
— 15 prisoners. Those reported under the head of wounded and
prisoners were so severely injured that it woulc' have been im-
practicable for them to have escaped. The enemy had the same
lacilities of carrying their wounded from the field at the commece-
ment of the action as ourselves, and there can be no doubt from the
information that I have received from unquestionable sources that
42
they carried from the field as many of their wounded as is reported
above in the total.
Az. Orne,
Asst. Ins.-Gen.
Inspector-General's Office, Headijuarters, Left Division,
Camp Near Fort Erie, July 3d, 1814.
Return of the British prisoners of war who surrendered by
capitulation with Fort Erie on the afternoon of the 3d July, 1814,
to the left division of the United States army under the command
of Major General Brown.
8th or King's Regiment — one major.
Royal Artillery — 1 lieutenant, 1 corporal; 1 bombardier and 19
gunners.
100th Regiment — 1 captain, 2 lieutenants, 1 ensign, 4 sergeants,
5 corporals, three musicians, 98 privates.
Aggregate, 137.
Az. Orne,
Asst. Inspector-General.
Inspector-General's Office, Headquarters, Left Division,
Chippawa, July 9th, 1814.
Return of the killed, wounded, and prisoners of the enemy in
the action fought on the plains within half a mile of Chippawa,
between the left division of the United States army, commanded
by Major-General Brown, and the English forces, under the com-
mand of Major-General Riall.
Killed — three captains, three subalterns, and 87 rank and file
of the regular troops.
Wounded — two captains of the 1st Royal Scots, one lieutenant
of the 100th Regiment, and 72 rank and file of the Royal Scots,
8th and 100th Regiments.
Prisoners — one captain of the Indians, and nine rank and file
of the regulars.
Killed in the woods — of the Indians, 87 ; of the regulars and
militia, 18.
Indian prisoners — one chief and four privates.
Total of the enemy placed hors du combat, that we have'
ascertained beyond doubt — 6 captains, 4 subalterns, and 298 rank
and file.
Az. Orne,
Asst. Inspector-General.
43
Report of the killed and wounded of the left division com-
manded by Major-General Brown, in the action of the 5th July,
1814, on the plains of Chippawa, Upper Canada:
Artillery — killed : 4 privates; wounded — severely: 3 corporals,
5 privates ; slightly : 8 privates.
General Scott's Brigade :
9th Infantry — killed : 2 musicians, 1 1 privates ; wounded —
severely : 1 captain, 2 subalterns, 2 corporals, 19 privates ; slightly :
2 sergeants, 18 privates.
22d Infantry, attached — killed : 8 pri\'ates ; wounded — severe-
ly : 1 captain, 8 privates ; slightly : 2 sergeants, 35 privates.
25th Infantry — killed : 1 sergeant, 4 privates ; wounded —
severely : 1 captain, 2 subalterns, 5 sergeants, 2 corporals, 37
privates ; slightly : 2 sergeants, 2 corporals, 1 musician, 19 privates.
11th Infantry — killed: 1 sergeant, 4 corporals, 10 privates;
wounded — severely : 1 colonel, 1 subaltern, 3 sergeants, 5 corporals,
28 privates ; slightly : 3 sergeants, 19 privates.
General Ripley's Brigade :
21st Regiment — none.
19th Infantry, attached — killed : 3 privates ; wounded severe-
ly : 2 privates ; missing : 2 privates.
23d Infantry — wounded severely — 1 private.
General P. B. Porter's Command :
Fenton's Regiment of Pennsylvania Militia — killed : 3 privates ;
wounded — severely: 1 private; slightly: 1 private; missing: 3
officers, 4 non-conHnissi(med officers and privates.
Corps of Indians — killed : 9 privates ; wounded — severely : 4 ;
missing: 10.
Grand total — 2 sergeants, 4 corporals, 2 musicians, 52 privates,
killed ; 1 colonel, 3 captains, 5 subalterns, 8 sergeants, 12 corporals,
105 privates, severely wounded; 9 sergeants, 2 corporals, 1
musician, 103 privates, slightly wounded ; 3 officers, 16 non-com-
missioned officers and privates, missing. Aggregate, 328.
Names and rank of officers wounded — Colonel Campbell, 11th
Infantry, severely ; Captain King, 22d Infantry, dangerously ;
Captain Read, 25th Infantry, badly ; Captain Harrison, 42d, doing
duty in 9th Infantry, severely; Lieut. Barron, 11th Infantry,
severely; Lieut. DeWitt, 25th Infantry, severely; Lieut. Patchin,
25th Infantry, badly ; Lieut. Brimhall, 9th Infantry, slightly.
Note — The slightly wounded are fast recovering.
C. K. Gardner,
Adjt.-General.
44
Major Hindman to tbe Adjutant-Cieneral.
Agreeably to ^reneral ordei-s, I transmit the following report :
At the eorninenceinent of the action of the 5th July, Capt.
Towson's company of artillery with the first brigade was solely
engaged with the enemy ; he maintained his position on the right
and kept up a spirited and <lestructive fire during the charge of the
enemy. Amidst the tire and charge of the enemy the captain and
his subalterns, Lieuts. Can\pbell and Schniuck, and Lieut. Randolph
of the infantry, connnanding the reserve of the artillery, behaved
with the greatest gallantry, and I am proud to say tended gi'eatly
to check the impetuosity of the enemy.
At an early part of the battle the captain's piece was thrown
out of action by a 24-pound shot of the enemy, yet his zeal and
exertions were g'ven with his characteristic spirit to the remain-
ing pieces, and he reports handsomely of the cohduct and services
of his officers, non-commissi(med officers and men.
About the time the enemy commenced their charge, and at tlie
moment they broke, Captain Ritchie's company of artillery and
one piece, (a 12-pounder,) of Captain Riddle's company of artillery,
under Lieut. Hall, participated in the action. The captains, officei*s,
non-commissioned officers and men, conducted themselves as brave
and faithful soldiers, and the whole artillery then on the field pur-
sued under the fire of the enemy's batteries with rapidity, and saw
them precipitate themselves within their works. At this period of
the action two 18-pounders under Captain Williams, and the re-
mainder of Captain Biddle's artillery, were brought upon the
ground without being permitted to open a battery upon the enemy's
works.
To particularize, if all had been engaged from firat to last,
would have l)een invidious, but in this case Captain Towson and
I company deserve particular mention. The captain, being so fortu-
nate as to be ordered in advance with his company of artillery,
only, had an opportunity of showing his gallantry and distinguish-
|mg hmiself, officei-s and soldiers, above all others.
With due respect, yours, etc.,
J. Hindman,
Major Commanding fiattalion of Artillery.
Bri8;.-General Winfield Scott to the Adjutant-General.
QuEENSTON, U. C, July 15, 1814.
•?^.?'~^^ ^^^ general order of the 13th inst., a methodical and
letailed report is called for, designating the names of such persons,
46
whether commissioned or not, who in the action of the 5th con-
tributed in a particular manner to the successful result of that day.
I am not asked for an account of the disposition made of the
troops under my command during the action. I shall, therefore
confine myself strictly to the general order.
A severe action has been fought and a signal victory gained.
The general order of the 6th inst. attributes that victory to the 1st
brig«Se of infantry tind Captain Towson's company of artillery,
under my command. It was believed at the time, and has since'
been clearly ascertained, that, of the forces engaged, the enemy
were greatly superior in numbers. Under such circumstances
victory could not have been obtained without a very general
participation of all ranks and grades in the event.
The truth of this observation was most conspicuous in the
very crisis of the action. Conduct univei-sally good leaves but
little room for discrimination. Accordingly, but few names are
reijoi-ted to me by the several commandants of battalions as entitled
to select mention (in respect to their gallant comrades) and those
cases are noticed principally from accidental circumstances of good
or bad fortune, as in the instance of Captain Ketchum of the 25th
Infantry, whose good fortune it was to be detached with his com-
pany, by order of Major Jessup, to attack a much superior force
whilst the battalion was engaged with another body of the enemy.
Captain Ketchum gallantly sustained himself in the execution of
his onlers till the battalion had cleared its own front in order to
march to his support.
The good conduct of Captain Harrison, conmianded by Major
Leavenworth and observed by myself, was of another kind. A
cannon ball shattered and carried away part of his leg. The
captain preserved a perfect serenity under the tortures of his
wound, and utterly refused any assistance till the enemy should be
beaten. So glorious a display of fortitude had the happiest effect.
Of the three battalions of infantry composing the First
Brigade, the first consisted of the 9th and a detachment of the 22d,
under command of Major Leavenworth. The 2d Battalion, or the
nth Regiment, was gallantly conducted towards its place in order
of battle by Colonel Campbell, who, being early wounded, was
succeeded by Major McNeil. Major Jessup commanded the 25th
Regiment, or the remaining battalion of the brigade. Of these
three excellent officers it would be difficult to say which was the
most meritorious or mast conspicuously engaged. The 25th
Regiment, having been detached to my left to turn the enemy's
right wing, was rested in a wood. Major Jessup was less under my
personal observation than the other two commanders, but I have
i
4()
every evidence of the able dispoHition he made of his corps, aa well by
the report of my aids as by the effect he produced on that part of the
enemy's line imiiiediatoly opposed to him and which contributed
much to the ^'eneral result of the day. Major Jesaup had hi.s horse
shot under him.
The other two battalions, with an enlarged interval between
them, received the enemy in open plain, that under Major Leaven-
worth parallel to the attack, that under Major McNeil with its left
win<' thrown forward to take the enemy in front and flank at the
same time. Captain Towson, who connnenced the fire before the
troops were in order of battle, innned lately afterwards advanced to
the front of the extreme ri<(ht with three pieces of artillery, and
took post on the river. Majors Leavenworth and McNeil made
prompt dispositions to receive the charge. The fire of these corps
(including the artillery) produced a prodigious effect on the enemy's
ranks. That of Major McNeil's was most effective from the oblicpie
position which his cor|)s judiciously occupied. The enemy's
batteries were also admirably served, to the fire of which all the
corps were exposed, that of Major Leavenworth in particular.
This cannonade, however, did not prevent the latter from preserving
his corps in the most excellent order, at all times prepared tt)
advance or to tire, to give or to receive the charge.
Captain Towson finally silenced the enemy's most effective bat-
tery by blowing up an ammunition wagon, which produced great
confusion. Turning next a heavy discharge of canister on the
enemy's infantry, now nearly in ctnitact with om- line advancing to
the charge, the enemy could not long withstand this accunmla-
tion of tire ; he broke and fled to his strong works behind Chip-
pawa. All the corps pursued with prouiptitude.
To mention them in order of their rank, (I know of no other
in this case,) Majors Jessup, Leavenworth and McNeil, and Captain
Towson, deserve, in my luunble opinion, every thing wdiich con-
spicuous skill and gallantry can wish from a grateful country.
I cannot close this account of meritorious conduct without
mentioning the great services rendered me by those two gallant
young soldiers, Lieats. Worth and Watts, my aids.
There was no danger they did not cheerfully encounter in
conmmnicating my orders, and by their zeal and intrepidity won
the admiration of the whole brigade. They both rendered! essen-
tial service at critical moments by assisting the commandants of
corps in forming the troops under circumstances which prevented
the voice from being heard.
This conduct has been handsomely acknowledged by the
47
officei-H of the lino, who have joined in requesting tlmt it niiglit be
pHi'ticuhirly noticed.
My brigade-major, Lieut. Smith, rendered me every aasi.-itance
that his aeciaental situation on foot permitted. He in entitled to
njy thanks.
During the action Major Wood of the engineers, and Captain
Harris of the dragoons, whose troop could not act, came up and
very handsomely tendered their services. The latter had his horse
shot under him.
It ia proper I should take this opportunity to mention the case
of Captain Crooker of the 9th Regiment of Infantry, in the affair
of the 4th of July, on the same ground on which the action of the
5th was fought. I have already had the honor to mention this
case verbally to the Commanding-General.
It is due to the gallant individual particularly concerned that his
conduct shouM be formally noticed.
My brigade constituted the advance of the arnty. In descend-
ing the left bank of the Niagara from Fort Erie we met an
advanced corps of the enemy at Black Creek, strongly posted behind
that stream. Capt. Towson, who was with the advance, obliged the
enemy to fall back, who, on retreating, took up the bridge over the
creek. Captain Crooker, who flanked out to the left of our march,
crossed the stream some distance above the bridge, and was pur-
suing the enemy just as the head of the brigade colunm arrived at
the bridge, which could not be passed until the pioneers had
replaced the boards, which the enemy had hastily removed.
While this operation was going on Captain Crooker innnedi-
ately, within my view, was suddeidy enveloped by a troop of the
19th Light Dragoons, composing a part of the enemy's rear guard.
He fought his way to a house then near him, turned upon the
dragoons, an<l put them to flight.
Captains Hull and Harrison and Lieut. Randolph with a small
party were at the same time marching to the support of Captain
Crooker, and arrived just as the enemy took to flight. I have wit-
nessed nothing more gallant in partizan war than was the conduct
of Captain Crooker and his company.
From Niles' Register, Vol. 6, Page 306.
(Froini the Ontario Messenger.)
We have received the following account and plan of attack ofi
the battle of Chippawa from a valued and obliging correspondent!
at the west, who was an eye witness to the engagement.
On the 3d of July, General Scott, by orders from Major-!
48
General Brown, biokc np l>is (Mieainptncnt and mlvaiict'd »i|M)n
Chippawa, and with ('apt. Towson's diviHion of artillory, drove the
enemy's pickets across the hrid^'e. In the afternoon General Ripley,
with the tiel<l and park artillory uinler Major Hindnian, t(K)k the
same route and encaniped on the ^'round with (ieneral'H Scott'a
advance.
On the morning; of the 4th of July the BritiHh In<lians, who
had tilled the W()o<ls contit^uous to the American encampment, com-
menced tirin^jf at our pickets. Reconnoitering narticH from
Chippawa were fre<|uently observed during the day alon;; the river
road, and information was received that reinforcements had ari-ivecl.
On the ")th the same course was ))urHUed. The Indians were
discovered almost in rear of our camp. At this moment General
Porter arrived with his volunteers and Indians. General Brown
immediately ordered them to enter the woods and effectually scour
them. Generals Bi'own, Scott and Ripley were at the White House
(marked ()) reeonnoiterin*;. (leneral Porter's corps seemed sweep-
inj( like a torrent everytlnn<if before them, until they almost
debouched from the woods oj)posite (chippawa. In a moment a
vollty of nmsketry convinced (Jeneral Brown that the whole British
force had cro.ssed the Cliii)pawa bridge and that the action must
become general. He ^nvc immediate orders to General Scott to
advance and feel the enenjy, and to General Ripley to be in readi-
ness to support In a few minutes the British lin«; was di ^covered
formed and rapidly advancing; — their ri<,d)t (the Royal Scots) upon
the wooils and the left (the Prince Regent's) near the river, with
the Kind's (Jwn in reserve. Their object was to gain the bridge
across the creek in front of our encamj)ment, which if done would
have compelled us to retire, (ilenei'al Brown feared a flank move-
ment through the woods on th(^ left of our camp with a view to
seize our reserve of artillery, and directed General Ripley not to
tulvance until he gave him orders. At the same time he ro<le to the
first line with his staff" and an escort of about 30 dragoons, in order
to direct the whole movements of the Held and animate the troops
by his presence. Meanwhile General Scott, under a most tremen-
dous lire of the enemy's artillery, crossed the bridge, which the
enemy had endeavored to gain, and formed his line. The enemy's
orders were to give one volley at a distance and immediately charge.
But such was the warmth of our nuisketiy that they could not
stand it At this moment General Brown sent orders to General
Ripley to make a movement through the woo<ls upon the enemy's
right flank. With the 21st Regiment he passed a ravine in his
front, where the men had to wade up to their chins, and advanced
as rapidly as possible. But before he commenced filing from tlie
f
49
W(mk1h into tlie open land luulor tlio enemy's hatteiieH tliey luid been
completely broken by the C(X)1 bravery and diHcipline of General
Scott'H brigade.
(From BoHton Sentinel, IS 1 4.)
of
Extract from a letter from a captn,in in Fenton's Re^jiment
Pennsylvanian Volunteers, dated at Chippawa, July 7, 1814:
" On the afternoon of the 4th in.st, Fenton's detachment w
ordere<l to crosH the river, which we did with oi^ht companies,
leaving two companies at Huttalo. Wo arrived at Chip[)avva and
had one hour's rest, when General Porter called for 100 men to j;o
scouting with the Indians to drive the British In<lians (jut of the
woods, where they were harassing our (jutposts. We turned out
150, and, accompanietl by .S.*i() Indians, advanced half a mile, when
we were iire<l on by their Indians, but we drove them three-cjuarters
of a mile, when we were compelled to retreat by the British regu-
lars and Indians. We rallied and drove them back when they
came out of their hiding place, but we were outflanke<l an«l again
forced to retnuit. I had two men missing from my company. We
went out yesterday afternoon to bring in the dead who had not
been found by the regulars in the morning, and found one of my
men dead. We found a great number. Every company among us
lost two or three."
Extract from a letter from Captain Mackonochie, R. A., to
Major-General Glasgow, dated Montreal, August 11), liSl4:
" Two artillerymen, deserters from the enemy, stated to Major
Glegg that they had lost at one gun alone (in the battle of Chip-
pawa) seventeen men, and they were no sooner replaced than they
were swept away by our shot and grape. The two 24 pounders
and the 5i inch, howitzer were never further than 400 yards from
the enemy, and at times much nearer ; the G pounder never further
than 500 yards.
(From the Baltimore Federal Gazette, July :io, ISUf..)
Extract from a letter written by an officer in the United States
army to a friend in this city, dated Chippawa. July 7 :
"We pursued them three miles, and drove them into Fort
Chippawa. Just as we arrived in sight of this place my piece, a
twelve pounder, being the largest on the ground, was dismounted,
Towson's men being exhausted by a constant fire of six or seven
hours. He had fired 120 rounds from two sixes, besides shells and
canister from his howitzer. I did not get into action until the
50
British line was formed. Tlie numbers engaged were about eipial.
The British artillery fired very well, but were exceeded by Towson,
who bore the brunt of the battle.
General Order.
Adjutant-General's Office, Headquarters,
Montreal, 13th July, 1814.
His Excellency the Governor-in-Chief and Commander of the
Forces has received from Lieutenant-General Drummond the official
report of Major-General Riall of the sortie which took place on the
5th inst. from the lines of Chippawa.
His Excellency derives a proud consolation in the undaunted
gallantry and exemplary discipline displayed in this unequal con-
test, in which Major-General Riall represents Lieut.-Col. Pearson in
command of a detachmert of light troops, Lieut.-Col. the Marquis
Tweeddale, 100th Reffiment; Major Evans, 8th or King's Regiment;
Major Lisle, 19th Li^. Dragoons, and Capt. Mackonochie, Royal
Artillery, to have afforded the most able support in zealous and
judicious command of their respective corps, and that the zeal and
intelligence evinced by his aide-de-camp, Capt. Holland, Capt. Elliot,
Deputy-Assistant-Quartermaster-General, Lieut. Fox, Royal Scots,
Acting-Brigade-Major, and Staff- Adjutant Greig, merited his appro-
bation, and that the conduct of Lieut.-Colone^ Dickson, Lincoln
Militia, was most exemplary.
His Excellency laments the loss of so many valuable officers
and men, but this sentiment is greatly aggravated by the disap-
pointment and mortification he has experienced in learning that
Fort Erie, entrusted to the charge of Major Buck, was surrendered
on the evening of the third instant, by capitulation, without having
made an adetjuate defence.
Return of killed, wounded and missing : —
Royal Artillery— 1 gunner killed, 4 gunners wounded.
Royal Artillery Drivers — 1 subaltern wounded.
1st or Royal Scots — 1 captain, 4 sergeants, 43 rank and file
killed ; 1 field officer, 2 captains, 7 subalterni, 4 sergeants, 121 rank
and file wounded ; 30 rank and file missing.
8th or King's Regiment— 3 rank and file killed ; 1 subaltern, 1
sergeant, and 22 rank and file wounded.
100th Regiment— 2 subalterns, 3 sergeants, 64 rank and file
killed ; 1 field officer, 2 captains, 6 subalterns, 11 sergeants. 114
rank and file wounded ; 1 subaltern missmg.
Militia— 2 captains, 1 subaltern, 9 rank and file killed ; 1 field
61
officer, 3 subalterns, 1 sergeant, 11 rank and file wounded; 1 ser-
geant and 14 rank and file missing.
19th Light Dragoons — 1 sergeant and 5 rank and file wounded.
Weekly Distribution Return of tlie Right Division, Major-
General Rial!.
Headquarters, Fort George, July 8th, 1814.
Fort Niagara, Lieut-Colonel Tucker, Ji-lst Regt:
Staff -21 officers.
Royal Marine Artillery — four officers, five sergeants, one
drumiiier, 62 rank and tile.
41st Regiment — 25 officers, 29 sergeants, 18 drummers, 466
rank and file.
100th Regiment — one sergeant, twelve rank and file.
Fort George, Lieut-Colonel Gordon, Royal Scots :
Fort Missassauga, Major Evans, 8th Regiment :
19th Light Dragoons — three officers, six sergeants, one bugler,
64 rank and file — four sick.
Provincial Light Dragoons — two officers, three sergeants, 15
rank and file.
Royal Engineers — two officers.
Sappers and Miners — six rank and file.
Royal Artillery — eight officers, three sergeants, three buglers,
162 rank and file — two sick.
Incorporated Militia Artillery — one officer, two sergeants, ten
rank and file.
Royal Artillery Drivers — one officer, three sergeants, one
bugler, 28 rank and file — one sick.
Ist Royal Scots — 29 officers, 53 sergeants, 22 drummers, 726
rank and file — 153 sick and wounded.
8th Regiment — 27 officers, 35 sergeants, 10 drummers, 515 rank
and file — 11 sick and wounded.
100th Regiment — 5 officers, 15 sergeants, 17 drummers, 261
rank and file — 121 sick and wounded.
Incorporated Militia — 33 officers, 27 sergeants, 10 drummei's,
309 rank and file.
Colored Corps — one officer, two sergeants, one drummer, 22
rank and file — four sick.
Long Point and Dependencies, Lieut-Colonel Parry, 103d Regt :
19th Dragoons — three officers, four sergeants, one bugler, 56
rank and file — one sic':.
Provincial Dragoons — one officer, 13 rank and file.
62
103d Regiment— 12 officers, 11 sergeants, two drummers, 173
rank and file— five sick.
Burlington, Colonel H. Scott, lOSd Regiment :
Provincial Dragoons — three rank and file.
Royal Artillery — one officer, three rank and file.
Royal Artillery Drivel's — one officer, one sergeant, 15 rank and
file.
108d Regiment — 24 officers, 37 sergeants, 23 drummers, 598
rank and file — 27 sick.
York, Lieut. -Colonel Battersby, Glengarry Light Infanti'y :
Royal Artillery — one officer, one sergeant, ten rank and file.
Royal '.rtiller}^ Drivers — one officer, one sergeant, nine rank
and tile.
Royal and Provincial Engineei's — one officer, one sergeant, 15
rank and tile.
1st Royal Scots — one officer, one sergeant, two rank and tile —
seven sick.
(Sth Regiment — two officers, six sergeants, two drummers, 70
rank and tile — 49 sick.
41st Regiment — two officers, two sergeants, four rank and file —
14 sick.
89th Regiment — one sergeant, two rank and file — one sick.
103d Regiment — two rank and file.
Royal Newfoundland Regiment — one officer, one private — one
sick.
Glengarry Light Infantry— 18 officers, 30 sergeants, 15 drum-
mers, 34(i rank and tile — 35 sick.
Incorporated Militia — one officer, one sergeant, 17 rank and
file— 12 sick.
Embodied Militia — seven officers, six sergeants, one drummer,
five rank and file — six sick.
Kir Ciordoii Druiuuiond to Lord Bathiirst.
(Bxtraot.1
Kingston, July 10th, 1814.
A considerable party of this description (disaffected residents)
had been formed and organized in the District of London, who, it
appears, had placed themselves under a notorious partizan leader of
the enemy, who had frecjuently before made incursions into the
unprotected parts of the country, connnitting depredations on
private property and carrying off the loyal inhabitants. Nor was
this party less active in these respects than liim under whose direc-
tions they proposed to act. Their principal object, it appears, was t(3
-63
disorganize the militia b^ making prisoners of, and delivering up
to the enemy, every militia officer upon whom they could lay
hands, and which they to some extent effected. They acted chiefly
in the District of London, of which the greater part of them were
inhabitants.
Alarmed at their depredations, a small band of the loyal and
well disposed of the militia volunteered under one of their officers
to march and attack them at their place of rendezvous, with a
determination to capture or destroy them, in which they fortunately
succeeded, after a sharp resistance from a number far exceeding
their own.
A special commission was formed for their trial but did not
open till the 23d day of May, and continued its sitting until the
21st of June, when it adjourned till the lOtli of August. Seven-
teen were brought to trial out of upwards of seventy in those three
districts, (Western, London, and Niagara,) the greater part being in
the London district; fifteen were convicted and sentenced to be
executed on the 20th of July. Three judges of the King's Bench
formed the commission and presided in turns, two being always
present. I have selected seven of the condemned men as the least
guilty, whom I have reprieved until His Majesty's pleasure is known.
Opinion of the Acting-Attorney-General, Mr. Robinson, en-
closed, dated 18th June, 1814 :
Aaron Stevens, Dayton Lindsay, Benjamin Simmonds, George
Peacock, Jr., Adam Crysler, Isaiah Brink and John Durham are the
most guilty. John Johnson is an ignorant man. He behaved with
great humanity towards prisoners, and expresses his regret. Samuel
and Stephen Hart well returned to their native country at once
wlien war was commenced and avowed their hostility. They were
taken prisoners by General Brock and paroled at Detroit. He
advises that in natural justice they should be reprieved and
banished.
Remarks of Chief Justice Scott :
Fourteen were convicted, one pleaded guilty. The two Hart-
wells should be pardoned. Cornelius Hovey, who pleaded guilty,
is so sick that he may not live to abide the sentence of the law —
this probably was the cause of the plea.
Reprieved — Samuel and Stephen Hartwell, Isaac Petit, Jacob
Overholser, Garret Neil, John Johnson, Cornelius Hovey.
To be Executed — Aaron Stevens, Benjamin Simmonds, Noah
Hopkins, Dayton Lindsay, George Peacock, Isaiah Brink, Adam
Crysler, John Durham.
54
General Riall to General Drnmmond.
Fort George, July 8th, 18)4.
Sir, — I much regret to have to report to you that I have been
obHged to retire this afternoon from Chippawa to this place, the
enemy having cut a road through the wood from Street's house to
where Lyon's Creek falls into the Chippawa and brought along it
7 guns covered by the whole of their riflemen and Indinns, uadci
the fire of which they bridged the river. This operation was
attempted to be opposed by the flankers of the Royal Scots and
three field pieces, under Lieut.-Colonel Pearaon, but it was found
impossible.
The right of my position being thus turned, it was no longer
tenable, and as at this moment a report was brought that another
division of the enemy were passing the river four miles higher up,
which would enable them to get into my rear by Lundy's Lane, I
felt the necessity of retiring from it.
My force, having been considerably diminished by the loss it
sustained on the 5th, and by the total "defection of the militia and
Indians, I tliought it more advisalile to fall back at once on Forts
George and Missassauga than to hazard another action with so
superior a force without the support of light troops.
General Riall to General Drumniond.
Fort George, July 9th, 1814.
Sir, — I wrote you last night by express to inform you that
the enemy had passed the Chippawa about a mile and a-half above
the village, and obliged me to retire from that position. I under-
stand his advance is this morning at St. Davids ; an officer of the
Provincial Dragoons, who was there to watch them, having been
fired at by some dragoons. Our wounded have just gone ott' to
York in the schooners. My whole force is retired here, witliout
having left anything to fallmto the hands of the enemy.
General Druininond to Sir George Prevost.
KiNG.sTON, July 11th, 1814.
Sir,— I have just received a communication from Major-
General Riall of the 7th instant, in the afternoon, observing upon
the omission, in his public despatch of the same day, of the num-
ber of men engaged under his command at Street's Creek, which
he should have inserted (as I imagined) at fifteen hundred.
The Major-General also states that previous to bis attack upon
the enemy's po.sition he had, with Lieut.-Colonel rearson, recon-
55
noitred them at an early hour in the day with much precision,
when, from the extent or ground their encampment occupied, and
other observations, and from the information of miHtia men of
good character and intelligence, and from Indians who got close to
them and climbed trees to overlook their position, he was induced
to believe that their force did not exceed 2,000 men, and as the
Major-General had not heard at that time of the fall of Fort Erie,
he concluded that there must have been a strong force occupied in
its investment. These observations proved perfectly just, for the
enemy was joined but a few houi*s afterwards by that strong force
from above.
Colonel Scott, connnanding at Burlington, has directed Lieut.-
Colonel Parry to fall back to the Grand River from Long Point.
By this means the corrnnunication between these two officers may
be preserved, or Lieut.-Colonel Parry can retire still further upon
Burlington if occasion should require. ^
I have received likewise a letter from Major-General Riall, of
the 8th instant. Nothing of moment has occurred since the attack
on the 5th. The enemy still occupied the same position, and on the
7th received a reinforcement of 400 men. Their loss in the action
of the 5th appears to have been, from good authority, very severe.
They suffered much from the fire of our artillery. Brigadier-
General Scott is among the wounded, being shot through the foot.
Not a single Indian remained with the Major-General at Chippawa.
I have the honor to trarsmit the cop}'^ of information received
from a person sent from hence to Sackett's Harbour on the morn-
ing of the 8th inst.
P. S. — Since writing the foregoing I have received information
from a source to be depended on that the plan of the enemy is to
wait the result of their army's proceedings on the Niagara, in the
expectation that General Riall will be driven back by degrees,
when their fleet is to leave Sackett's Harbor with a strong force
on board, which is to be landed at the Forty or Fifty Mile Creek in
General Riall's rear and thus get possession of the provisions and
stores at Burlington. This information left Sackett's Harbor on
the 2d inst.
General Drummoud to Sir Cieorge Prevost.
Kingston, July 11th, 1814.
Half past 6 o'clock p. m.
Sir, — I have the honor to transmit herewith a despatch this
minute received from Major-General Riall, stating that the enemy
had crossed the Chippawa about a mile and a half fi^om its mouth,
56
whereby the Major-General was under the necessity of retiring
from that position. xi. ' • -^ ^
I trust Your Excellency will see the pressing necessity of
expeditiiif? the intended reinforcements for this place, which I can-
not avoid expressing my anxiety about, from its present very
defenceless state in conse(|uence of the reduced numbers of the
garrison, as it is ii)i possible to say what may be the intentions of
the enemy on leaving Suckett's Harbor, when they will probably
be accompanied by a considerable land force. It is natural to
auppo.se that they obtain >is good information of our force here as
we do of theirs at Sackett's Harbor.
(General Druiiiiiiond to Sir Crcorge Prevost.
K1NG.STON, July 13th, 1814.
Sir, — Major-General Riall's official despatch of the 8th inst.
has just now reached me. By the enclosed copy Your Excellency
will perceive that the enemy having cros.sed the Chippawa in two
places above the village the Major-General thought proper to retire
upon Fort George and Missassauga.
The flank companies of the Royal Scots, with three field pieces,
attempted to oppose them in their passage to the river, but, covered
as their advance wa.s by seven guns, it was found impossible to
prevent them.
The enemy have established themselves at Queenston, where
they have placed guns on Mr. Hamilton's house and commenced forti-
fying the heights, as appears by a further communication from the
Major-General of the 10th inst, wherein he also represents that
every exertion is making to resist any attack which may be made
upon Fort (Jeorge or Missa.s.sauga, although he considers the former
in so defective a state of <lefence as to be incapable of holding out
for any length of time should it be 8eriou.sly bombarded.
With the superior force of the enemy, covered as it is by
numerous light troops and Indiana, the Major-General feels it at
present impo.s8ible, especially as he is now deprived of both these
means, to give much effective interruption in their operations with-
out reinforcements.
Lieut-Colonel Pearson had just returned before Major-General
Riall's letter was sent, from reconnoitering the enemy's position at
Queenston. They had not any advanced party at a distance of a
mile from that place.
57
Arrangements for CoUectlnK a Force at Burlington.
(Boorat.)
The Glengarry Light Infantry to be pushed on to Burlington
without waiting for the arrival of the 89th Regiment, leaving all
non-effectiveH at York.
The 89th to push on in like manner, leaving the two boy-
companies and all non-effectives and incumbrances at York, Lieut.-
Colonel Morrison to take with him two brass tield-pieces under
Lieut. Armstrong from York.
One wing of the Regiment DeWatteville to be pushed on to
Burlington inmiediately, the other to be in readiness to follow on
the arrival at or near Kingston of the head of the 6th or 82d
Regiment.
Five companies of the Canadian Regiment to proceed to King-
ston without waiting for the 104th going down.
The latter regiment (104th) to remain at Kingston until further
orders.
If found necessary, Commodore Sir James Yeo must be applied
to to land 200 of the Marine Battalion for the garrison of Point
Frederick until the arrival of the 82d.
Lieut.-General Drunnuond intends proceeding to the head of
the lake in a few days to assume command of the troops assembling
there.
The following officers of the staff will accompany him, viz :
The officers of his personal staff, including the adjutant-general
of militia, and his assistant, deputy-quartermaster-general and one
assistant, Capt. Powell, Major Philott, commanding artillery, the
(quartermaster-general of militia.
J. Harvey, D. A. G.
Sir Gordon Drnminond to Sir George Prevost.
(Private.)
Kingston, July 13th, 1814.
Dear Sir, — The official despatch of Major-General Riall sent
by this express was forwarded to York by water, which in con-
sequence of tempestuous weather caused the delay in the receipt of
it here.
The Major-General is strongly inclined to think that the
intentions of the enemy are shortly to invest the forts upon which
he has retired. Fort George is not capable of much resistance, yet
he assures me that every possible exertion shall be made to place it
in the best state of defence that time and means will permit.
The Indians, he says, have behaved most shamefully, literally
58
speaking, not one remaining of tlie hundreds that were with him
prior to the retreat.
Such of tlie uiiHtia as are disposed to keep the field, tlie Major-
General has ordered to rendezvous at Burlington.
Several officei-s and 120 wounded men have arrived at York in
the schooners.
From the report of a deserter, it appears that the enemy lost
about 500 men in the action of the 5th ; this number they couM
well aftbrd, but to us it was the loss of one-third of our men.
The Royals and 100th Regiments are in the greatest want for
officei-s. The latter has but one captain and three subalterns doing
duty and al)out 250 effective men.
Major-General Riall calls upon me strongly for, and indeed
expects, reinforcements, but Your Excellency must be aware that I
have not a man to send him. and that those expected from the
Lower Province cannot l)e calculated at arriving higher than Corn-
wall before the latter end of this week. I have, however, ordered
the Glengarry Light Lifantry to proceed to Burlington, and the
89th on its arrival at York, leavnig there its boy companies, to
follow on the same route. I have likewise made some further
arrangements, which shall be conununicated to Colonel Baynes by
the deputy -adjutant-general for Your Excellency's information,
and as the troops cannot be forwarded without provisions, I have re-
(juested Sir James Yeo to send his two brigs immediately, with as
much flour and pork as they can carry, to York and Burlington.
As soon as the five companies of Canadian Fencibles arrive
here I propose proceeding to Burlington myself, and with the force
I shall collect there to form a junction with Major-General Riall.
York, in the meantime, will l)e protected by such of the HDth
and Glengarry Light Lifantry as are unfit for more active service,
by a body of militia, and perhaps by the crew of the Star brig.
Nr. Turquand to Major David Secord.
You are hereby authorized to take under your charge a party
of militia for the purpose of collecting all the cattle you can pi-o-
cure m the country, for which you will receive a fair price, accord-
ing to estimation on their being delivered over to the person
employed in the Commissariat Department appointed to receive the
cattle, at Fort George or its vicinity.
Chippawa, 8th July, 1814.
Peter Turquand,
Dy. Comm'y Gen'l.
59
Sir Gordon Drnmniond to Sir Ceorffe Prevost.
Kingston-, July 15th, 1«U.
Sir, — Since my letter to Your Excellency of the 13th inst, I
have not received any coniniunication from Alajor-Geiioral Riall.
I have received letters from Colonel Scott at Burlinjj^on .statinji:
his intention of moving to the Forty Mile Creek, his force at
S*esent being the I08d Regiment, a detachment of the 19th
ragoons, about 1,000 nnlitia and some Indians, but whase number
he could scai-cely ascertain. I have disapproved of this movement
and dii-ected him to return and retain his iKKst at Burlington, as
well as to dismiss all the too young, elderly, and inactive men of
tlie militia, as I consider he is much better without such description
of men, and to keep only those of healthy and serviceable appear-
ance, as well from this reason as that it woiUd l>e impossible to
provision such numliei-s.
Jilajor-General Conran shall be pushed on to Burlington with-
out delay on his arrival here.
The 89th Regiment is, I trust, well on its waj' to York from
the Carrying Place, from whence it proceeds by land.
This day has been so boisterous from the westward as to pi*e-
vent the right wing of De Watteville's Regiment fi-om leaving this
by water. It will proceed by land to-morrow morning ; the left
wing on the arrival of the 82d Regiment.
Three companies of the Canadian Regiment arrived here this
morning;.
Although I should have wished it, I am apprehensive that I
shall not have it in my power to forward any further reinforce-
ments to the right division, from the inability of the commis-sariat
to supply provisions, and in fact di-ead their failing in due supplies
to those already ordered there.
I acquainted Your Excellency in my private letter of the 18th
inst. that I had been under the neces.sity of calling on ComnuKlore
Sir James Yeo to send up his two brigs, the Star and Charwfll,
with flour and pork. One sailed yesterday, the other is now taking
in her cargo and will be ready to proceed this night if the wind,
at present foul, permits, and if the enemy's fleet does not prove to
have taken the lake.
Four of their veshels were telegraphed as being off Pidgeon
Islands.
I propose leaving this place on Sunday morning for Burlington.
()0
sir Gordon Druminond to Sir Cieorge Prevost.
Ki\(JST()N, July Kith, 1H14.
Sir, — I have the honor to tnuiHinit a despatch from Major-
General Riall of the 12th in.st., covering a copy of the opinion of
the otticei-s of the Royal Artillery and Royal EngineerH upon the
state of the defenees and means of rcHistance of the three forts at
the mouth ol" the River Niagara.
I approve of the Major-Cieneral's retiring to Burlington. But
I am of opinion that he cannot make any serious impression upon
the enemy with the Force he at present has, as little reliance can lx>
f laced on the nund)erH of the militia, and still less on the Indians,
trust, however, that when the leinforcement of the J)e Watteville's
Regiment shall have got up to his succour that something may be
done worthy of observation.
I wish it were in my power still further to increase the num-
bers of the right division, either by forwarding the ()th or «S"2d
Regiment to the frontier, but I feel afraid the connnissariat could
not supply them. So nmch alarmed am I even with the present
nundters that I have directed all the women and children of the
troops to be sent down from Niagara, Burlington and York, and
the families of the Indians to be placed on half allowance.
The Chtinrell brig sailed from here yesterday evening for the
head of the lake with provisions and some ammunition. I am in
very strong ho|)es she will arrive safe' at her destination, for Mr.
McKenzie, an intelligent master of the sijuadron, has returned this
morning from reconnoitering the e!iemy in Sackett's Harbor, where
their whole .squadron was lying with all their sails bent and
apparently ready for sea, but the Muhawh, on board of which from
her foremast forward no guns could be perceived, and as she
appeared to be very much by the stern it is imagined she cannot
be conjpletely armed yet.
I have urged Dy.-Commissar^-tieneral Couche to forward sup-
plies to the head of the lake so much that it will be necessary to
pu.sh on the next brigades of batteaux which arrive from below.
This may answer for the present, but with the decided naval
superiority of the enemy it will be a most extraordinary circum-
stance if they will permit our connnunication by water to proceed
unmolested.
I am concerned to observe that none of the engineer officers
(80 nmch wanted in this province) have as yet made their appear-
ance.
I hope to be at Burlington in the course of a few days.
61
NaJor*General Rlall to General Drummond.
Fort George, July 12, 1814.
Sir, — The enemy Htill occupy the same position and I imagine
are waiting for the arrival of their fleet to furnish them with heavy
ordnance for their opcratioim against our forts. I have recjuired
the opinion of the onicers of artillery and enj(ineers upon the state
of their defence. If their opinion be correct the fall of these
places is inevitable if vigorously attacked, unless the besiegers are
interrupted in their operations or a <li version made to di'aw their
attention elsewhere. Having left in Forts George, Missassauga and
Niagara such garrisons as the ofRcei's of engineers shall consider
necessary, I shall move from this towards Burlington with between
800 and 900 men. I have directed Colonel Scott to meet me with
the lOUd, the militia collected at Burlington, of whom I understand
there are a considerable body, and the whole of the Indians that
can be assembled and will get into the enemy's rear by the Short
Hills and Lundy's Lane. I have also directed Lieut.-Colonel
Battersby to move from York with the Glengarry Light Infantry,
as I conceive the protection of that place a secondary consideration
and that it is not likely to be attacked. If you are forwarding
reinforc(*ments to this place, part of them may be left at York, but
I am decidedly of the opinion that every man should be taken to
create such a force here as will make the discomfiture and ainiihi-
lation of the enemy beyond doubt.
Ans Wei's to questions submitted to officers of engineers :
Fort George is in a very bad state of defence and can make
little or no resistance against an army computed at between 5,000
and (5,000 men, with a due proportion of heavy artillery, and the
only thing to prevent its being taken by assault is a bad row of
pickets. If Fort George falls into the enemy's hands, he will be
enal)led to carry on a regular attack against Fort Niagara on his
own side of the river, which he would otherwise find difficult to do.
Forts George and Niagara having fallen. Fort Misstissauga will be
very much weakened, as all the supplies without that fort will be
cut off entirely. There is no secure cover for the garrison of Fort
Missassauga and it would soon fall if attacked by land. Fort
Niagara being the protection of our supplies outside it. Fort
Missassauga would not be easily taken by assault, but is incapable
of holding out against a bombardment.
62
Major Thomafl Evans to MaJor-l>en«ral RIall.
FoKT CiKoiuJE, i:Hh .July, 1HI4.
SiK,— I have tlie honor to report to yon that, conformable to
your instructions, I last u\^\\t prm'iHMlrd witii the company of the
Kind's H('j;iiiu*nt. consisting; of two ser^tuints and 32 rank and tile,
to execute the ordtTs with which you had l)een pleawd to entrust
me. The vicinity of the road leadinj^' to Colontil Hannlton's house
was well examined, and every means used to aHcortnin if any
enemy was in the nei;,diliorhood. The Held at HamiltouH l)earinj;
suspicious murks that an I'liemy had been there, a non-connnissioned
officer and four rank and tile were left to watch that position.
Soon after our approach to Cope's and a<ljacent houses, a single .shot
was tired in the rear, but not being followed by othei-s was disre-
garded, except by the company being kept in a most profound state
of defence. Whilst examining the inhabitants on the points
referred to me by you, the conjpany was vigorously atUicked from
the lear by the road by which it had a<lvanced. The enemy, how-
ever, notwithstanding his prodigious numbei's, was foiled in his
attempting to intercept its return, and his loss occasioned by the
tire of n»y .small party must have been great, from the fact of his
so early desi.sting to act ottensively against us. As the preservation
of the coujpany naturally l^ecame the first object, and oeing in the
neighborhood of the enemy, I trust it will be thought enough was
done to entitle the officers and men to the claim of their usual
steadiness and gallantry. Every credit is due to Captain Sadleir,
his subalterns, Lieuts. Barstow and Young — the former for his
vigilance and caution ; the latter for their aninuited example under
very trying circumstances.
I enclose a list of casualities, and have the honor to be,
Thos. Evan.s,
Maj. Comd'g King's Regt.
P. S. — Since writing the above, information has l)een received
that the party by which the light company was attacked amounted
to 200 men, under General Swift, who was killed in the affair with
17 of his men.
Major-Cieneral Riall to Lieut.-General Drummond.
20 Mile Creek, 14th July, 1814.
Sir,— I have the honor to enclose you a report of Major Evans
of the King's Regiment, whom I had sent out with a sniall party
on the evening of the 12th inst. I have every reason to be satisfied
with the conduct of the Major and of the officers 8,nd men of that
regiment on this occasion. The report of the death of Brigadier-
General Swift is fully confirmed.
m
Brigade Orders.
QUEENHTON, July 13, 1814.
It in with the moHt painful HeiiHatioiiH that Hrigadior-General
Porter aiinounceH tlie duath of his friend and companion in aruis,
Brij,'adier-Cfeneral John Swift. He yeHterday ^enerouHly volun-
teered liis HerviceH to the Commanding Oeneral tc» reconnoitre the
enemy's position and works at Fort Oeori^e, accompanied by a pai*ty
of 120 volunteers, and having by the most judicious arrangement
succeeded in capturing, without the discharge of a gun, an outpost,
a pic(iuet with a corporal and tive men, from whom he expected to
obtain important information, he was assassinated by one of the
prisonei"s, wh«» after begging for and receiving (quarter shot him
through the breast.
The alarm occasioned by the discharge of the gun immediately
brought towards the ground a patroling party of the enemy alxjut
50 or 60 strong, when General Swift formed his men, advanced at
their head upon the patrol and connnenced a successful attack,
when he fell exhausted by his wounds. The other officers of his
command, of whom notice will hereafter be taken, animated by the
example of heroism and fortitude which had been set them, fought,
beat and drove the enemy into Fort George, from which they were
not more than half a mile distant, and then retired, bearing their
wounded and expiring General with them.
It is impossible for General Porter to express the poignancy of
his own gi'ief, or to appreciate the loss which the corps has sustain-
ed in the fall of this excellent officer. After serving his country
for seven years in the war of the Revolution, he again stepped for-
ward as a volunteer to give the aid of his experience in support of
the violated rights of this country, and never was that country
called on to lament the loss of a firmer patriot or a braver man.
He will be interred at 6 o'clock this afternoon with military
honors. The brigade will parade at 5 p. m.
By order of Brig. -Gen. P. B. Porter.
Jacob Dox, A. D. C.
Extract fk'om Niles* Register.
Baltimore, Md., July 30, 1814.
" There have been several small affairs between the piquets.
On Tuesday night last a party from our army, commanded by
General John Swift (late of Palmyra, Ontario County,) of the
volunteers, encountered a party of the enemy, a part of whom sur-
rendered, and while our party were advancing to receive those of
64
the enemy who had surrendered a fellow shot General Swift
through the body, which wound proved mortal next morning.
" We understand the man escaped, but those who surrendered
were brought in.
" On Friday last several wagons in the employ of the United
States were taken by the enemy near St. David's, four miles from
Queenston. Seth Cotton of Buffalo and his team were among the
captured.
"On Saturday night last a pai*ty of the enemy, said to l^e
Indians, surprised our picket at Fort E' io, consisting of eight men,
two of wlioni were killed and the rest taken."
General Brown to Commodore Chaiincey.
Headquahteus, Queenstox, July 13, 1814.
My Dear Sir. — I arrived ut this place on the 10th, as I assured
you that with the blessing of God I would. All accounts agree
that the force of the enemy in Kingston is very light. Meet me on
the lake shore north of Fort George with your fleet, and we will
be able, I have no doubt, to settle a plan of operations that will
break the power of the enemy in Upper Canada, and that in the
course of a short time. At all events, let me hear from you. I
have looked for your fleet with the greatest anxiety since the 10th.
I do not doubt my ability to meet the enemy in the fleld, and to
march in an}' direction over his country — your fleet carrying for
me the necessary supplies. We can threaten Forts George and
Niagara, cany Burlington Heights and York, an<l proceed direct
to Kingston and carry that place. For (lod's sake let me see you.
Sir James will not tight: two of his vessels are now in the Niagara.
If you conclude to meet me at the heatl t)f the lake and that
inline* liately, have the goodness to bring the guns and troops that I
have ordered from the harbor: at all events have the politeness to
let me know what aid I am to expect from the fleet of Lake
Ontario.
Therw is not a doubt resting in my mind but we have between
us the eoinmand of sufficient means to coiujuer Upper Canada
within two months if there is prompt and zealous co-operation, and
a vigorous application of the.se means ; now is our time, before the
enemy can be greatly reinforced.
65
Major-Cieneral Riall to Llent.*General Drammond.
20 Mile Creek, 15th July, 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to report to you that, agreeable to the
intentions conveyed to you by my letter of the 12th, I caused the
detJichnient of troops, as per margin, to move from Fort George on
the morning of the 13th ; and Colonel Scott having at the same
time moved forward with the 103d Regiment from Burlington, a
junction was formed at this place, where I have for the present
placed the troops in position on the height above the creek.
I had ordered the Glengarry Regiment from York; three com-
panies are, I understand, near at hand, and the remainder, I presume,
from the Deputy- Adjutant General's letter, will soon arrive.
I have great satisfaction in stating to you the loyal and patri-
otic spirit of the militia of the London District, who have marched
hither in numbei*s. The Lincoln Regiments are assembling, and in
the course of to-morrow I expect the militia will muster in strength,
and I have some hopes of the more spirited co-operation of the
Indians.
With these favorable circumstances I meditated another attack
upon the enemy, and conceiving that the sanction you gave for my
withdrawing the garrison of York in the event of the enemy
appearing in force from the westward would equally apply in other
cases of great emergency, I yesterday despatched an order to Lieut.-
Colonel Morrison to join me with the 89th without delay. With
this reginient I had hoped that the capture or destruction of the
greatest part of the enemy's force at Queenston would have been
within my power.
From Lieut-Colonel Mori'ison's instructions, a copy of which
I received from the Deputy-Adjutant-General this day, I doubt
whether that officer will feel himself authorized in obeying my
orders, which I must greatly regret, bacause, from the information
all along received of the enemy's means, it is to be pre-
sumed, speaking with reference to the force he has brought, that
his private intentions are directed solely against the forts. York
is therefore safe for the moment and I wished the attack immediate
while in possession of the co-operation of the militia and Indians,
which delay must deprive me of.
Artillery— Three O-pounders, one 6i-inch howitzer.
Royals 820
Klnn'B 200
Incorporated Militia • • - - 316
886
Colonel Scott.
Artillery— Four 6-pounder8.
103d eno
66
General Riall to General Drnmmond.
20-MiLE Creek, 16th July, 1814.
SiR^_I have the honor to enclose you a report from Lieut.-
Colonel Tucker, left in the connnand of the forts on the frontier,
and I hope the activity shown by that officer and the spirit evinced
by the troops will meet with your approbation.
I propose to-morrow to take up a more ailvanced position at
the 12 Mile Creek, for the jnu'pose of favorin^.^ some parties of
militia and Indians, who will be pushed forward with a view to
gain information of the enemy's movements and prevent his re-
ceiving supplies from the country.
From the report of deserters and some prisoners who have
been made, I learn that the enemy has been reinforced by 700 men,
who were crossed over at Lewiston. A return of the troops and
militia is forwarded by this express to the Deput}'- Adjutant-
General.
Lieiit.-Colonel Tucker to iMaJor- General RIall.
MississACA Four, lotii July, A past 10 p. m.
SiK, — When I had the iionor of acMivssing you this afternoon
the enemy's columns wei'e advancing in great force in every direc-
tion, with a view of driving in my pic<iuets and establishing their
position, as I ajiprehend to open and cany on their operations
against the fortresses which you <lid me the honor to entrust to 1113'
surveillance. I lost no o))poi'tunity of directing my pic<|uets to
contest the advance of the enemy with vigor and resolution, and
happy am I to leport that this arduous fluty was executed with
vigor and skill, which enabled me to complete every arrangement
which I thought ex])edient (under circumstances of peculiar interest
and anxiety) to adopt. The prisonei*s and other individuals who
had been in the enemy's camp affbr<led me an assurance that the
American army destined for the reducti<m of these three fortresses
amounted to >S, or 10,000, and the very formidable columns which
they bi'ought forward and the extent of ground which they occu-
pied, extending from the left to the "'(ht of the.se fortresses, suil"
ciently proved that their nundiers were considerable, and not less
than three thousand men.
I wish to do justice to a l)rave eneni}'' on every occasion, and
must thert'fore confesH that they pushed forward in a spirited man-
ner, our pic(|Uets retiring before them. You are aware of the very
extraordinary and peculiar nuxle of warfare, ailvantageous and
only applicable to American troops in this country, and I trust you
will approve my having allowed my advanced posts to retire with
61
a view of drawing them into an open country to enable me to take
advantage of the superior skill of British troops.
I had every reason to believe, from many concurrent accounts,
that the American army intended and expected to carry everything
before it from its vast superiority of numerical force, but I am
proud to assure you that a very different opinion was entertained
bj' every individual under my command, all equally determined to
do their duty to their country.
Skirmishing with the advanced posts continued from the
enemy until three o'clock, when I deemed it prudent to move out
of this fortress two six-pounders under Lieut. Tomkyns, Royal
Artillery, (the enemy having formed a very solid column, supported
with a six-pounder and howitzer, on the road leading to Colonel
Hamilton's,) which were so well served and judiciously directed
that I had the pleasure of seeing them retire after having made a
foel)le resistance. The six-poundera were supported and protected
by a detachment of the King's Regiment under Captain Campbell.
The Royal Regiment also u»ove<l out of Fort George, agreeable to
my orders, to be in readiness to move on any point which circum-
stances might reijuire. The zeal and exertions of Major Deane of
the Royals, and Captain McLauchlan, Royal Artillery, both in com-
mand of important forts, afforded me the highest satisfaction, and
inspired me with a perfect confidence in their co-operation should
the enemy make a vigorous effort to possess himself of my guns,
or to turn the flanks of my small parties. After a very brisk can-
nt)nade of near an hour, I had the satisfaction of seeing the enemy
move off one of his field-pieces, having, I imagine, suffered from
the fire of oiu' artillery. The enthusiasm and zeal of the troops
inider my connnand, viz.: Royal Artillery, Royals, King's and 41st
Regiment, will ever deserve my esteem, and I hope will afford you
a confidential reliance on a gallant defence of the three forts
should the threatened siege ever take place.
Every individual seemed to be actuated by one sentiment of
distinguishing himself on the field of battle, and every encourage-
ment was given to the enemy to come forward to try the temper
of our tr(X)ps. To all I feel deeply indebted for various services,
but I beg to call to your particular notice Lieut. Hill, King's Regi-
ment, Staff Adjutant ; Lieut. Le Breton, Deputy- Assistant-Quarter-
Master-General, and Lieut. O'Reilly, acting as my aide-de-camp.
These officers afforded me the greatest satisfaction — their conduct
was conspicuous to all. Lieut. Pliilpot, Royal Engineers, has a just
claim to my regard and perfect approbation ; — animated in the field
nn<l judicious in his opinions, I derived great assistance from him.
68
The Canadian Militia hanissed the eneinv in a very manly and
spirited style. They merit my most favorable opinion.
I con^Miitulate you, sir, on the complete failure of a dashing
enterprize of the enemy to establish his superiority over us, which
he vainly imai;,*'ed mijjlit lead to the reduction of these fortre.ssea
without mucirresistance. We have driven him back without hav-
ing suffered on our part, although we were Hensible that his iuss
alone induced him to retire. From my own observation and every
account from other otficei"s I am pei*Huaded that three thousand
tr(X)ps occupied our front at the tnne of my advance. Thus, .sir,
you may perceive the just degree of credit due to Lieut. Tomkyn.s
and his artillery for that execution which induced so large a force
to retire.
I write at a very late hour to despatch a message to you, in the
hope that your advance may enable me to act offensively, and a.s I
am nmch tired, which nnist pleml my excuse for this very hasty
letter.
John G. p. Tucker, Lt.-Col.
General Peter B. Porter to General Jacob Brown.
QuEEX.sTON Hekjhts, July 16, 1814.
SiK, — In pursuance of your instructions to me to move round
Fort (Jeorge, interrupt the enemy's communication with the coun-
try and reconnoitre his works, I marched yesterday morning at
reveille, accompanied by that excellent officer, Major Wo(xl of the
engineers, with the whole of my brigade and two pieces of artil-
lery under Captain Ritchie of the regular anny, by the way of
St, Davids and the Cross Roads to Ltike Ontario, where we had an
opportunity to exan)ine the northern face of Forts Riall and Niag-
ara, alM)ut two miles distant. From the lake I returned to the
Cross Roads, moved in upon Fort George, drove the enemy's pickets
and formed the brigade in full view and within a mile of the fort.
Lieut.-Colonel Wilcocks with his command, Captains Hull, Harding
and Freema!! with their companies of New York Volunteei-s, and
Captain Fleming with part of our Indian wamoi's, advanced under
cover of a tuft of woo«ls within musket shot of the fort, and
rtfibrded Major W(K)d a fair op|)ortunity to examine the works.
After remaining an hour and a half, and having accomplished
the object of the expedition, I returned slowly ai*ound the south
side of Fort George and joined General Ripley on the Niagara, and
with his brigade retired to camp at nine in the evening.
The enemy fired but a few shots from his batteries, and, with
the exception of two or three small parties that were sent out and
imi'^ediately driven back by our light troops, kept close within his
69
works until we were retiring, when several pieces of artillery were
sent out and a brisk fire commenced on our rear.
We lost not a man killed, and but two (both of Colonel Swift's
regiment) wounded. Lieut. Fontaine of the artillery and one of
Colonel Boughton's officers had their horses killed under them by
cannon shot.
But I have to report the loss of five men of Capt. Boughton's
fine company of New York Cavalry made prisoners. They are the
victims of your own generous policy of suflTering the inhabitants,
who profess neutrality, to remain unmolested. The safety of my
brigade required me to place videttes at the several roads leading
from Fort George and crossing my line of march at right angles.
Five of them were surpnsed and taken by a part,y of 15 or 20
militia who live on the road, but who had secreted themselves in
the woods on our approach, an \ were advised of all our movements
and positions by the women who were thronging around us on our
march. Some of these men, I am informed, have been in our camp
professing friendship.
The conduct of every part of my command was such as not
only to meet my approbation, but considering the descripton of
force to excite my highest admiration. They performed a march of
thirty miles, drove in the enemy's pickets, lay for some haul's under
his batteries, retired in good order, and in every movement of the
day exhibited examples of order, fortitude and gallantry, which
would have been honorable to the oldest coi'ps.
General Riall to General Drumniond.
20 Mile Creek, 17th July, 1814.
Sir, — Since I wrote you yesterday transmitting a report of
Lieut.-Colonel Tucker of the enemy's appearance before Fort
George and of his liaving retired to Queenston, nothing extraordin-
ary has occurred. I had the honor to receive your letter of the
13th. informing niie of your intention to conie up here and of the
reinforcemenis we may shortly expect, at both of which circum-
stances I am very highly pleased. Under the circ.mistances that
have taken place it is very much to be regretted that Fort Niagara
should have been so weakened as it is to our side. The officei*s of
engineer did intend to do something to protect and strengthen it
when I left Fort George, and I make no doubt are working there.
I shall write to Lieut.-Colonel Tucker on the subject inmiediately.
Fort George has not, as you imagine, a 24-pounder mounted in it.
There are three 18-pounders, two garrison 12-poundei's and two
field 12-pounders that were brought from Queenston Hill, one 9,
70
and one 8-inch mortar iiwd howitzer, but I do not think the twelves
thut Jire mounted on the hind or weHtern face are sufficiently lieavy
in case tlie enemy sliall erect batteries apiinst it, which of coui-se
he will do: the only 24-pounderH that were .sent up, four in number,
are mounted in MissaHsau^ja, as are tlie two brass guns of that
calibre: the 24-i)oun<ler belonj^Mnjjf to the Mmjnet is mounted in the
southwest angle of Fort Niaj^ara, which is a very important situ-
ation, as it overlooks the plain and Fort Georjre better than any
other position it att'ords. 1 «ifave direction that the rampart of the
north face of Fort (Jeorge is to Ih' levelled in order to open the
plain as much as possible to the tire of Nia<jar>i. The Commissary
of Ordnance, Mr. (lordon, deserves to be displaced from liis situation
for the most <;ross nc«,dect. I have ujore than once remarked to
him on s'-eini; his returns that the quantity of powder was not
sutticient, hut beinj; assured by him that it was equal to 200 rounds
for every piece of ordnance we had, which was all we are allowed
by the Board of Ordnance, I di<l not myself make a calculation to
see whethei" it was or not. When Sir James Yeo arrived at Niagara,
I st'ut for Mr. (Jordon and further asked if lie wanted j)Owder, as if
he did I .should make an apjilication to the Commodore for it. He
told me he tlid not want any, that he had an ample .supply. In the
course of two or three days after he reported to me that there was
not sufficient powder and that it would Ix' necessary to get u}) some
both from Yoik and Hurlington, which has Ix^en effected with a
good deal of trouble, to the amoiuit of, I l)elieve, 40 barrels. There
wants a gieat jvformation in that tlepartment of the ordnance here.
I have much reason to be dissatisHcfl with the con<luct of Captain
Norton in a circum.stance which has occurred within a day or two,
and which possibly may be attenvled with very serious conse(juences,
an<l which 1 am sorry to say places him, I think, in a very 8u.spicious
point of view. Two American Indians arrived at Burlington,
bringing with them an old Cayuga chief, who had been taken in
the action at Chippawa. Captain Norton was not only accjuainted
with this circumstance, but permitte<l them to atten'l a council of
the Six Nations in order to deliver a niessag'.- from those in the
interest of America. It is true, I believe, that the officer who wa^
left in comuiand at Burlington was informed of the circumstance,
but he was ignorant of the customs of those people and uncerttiin
how he should act and did not apprehend them. Whatever tho.se
fellov.'s have .said has caused much dissatisfaction among the Indians,
and the western people have rea.son to.su.spect the Six Nations of
treachery. Colonel Caldwell had told Norton that lie should not.
only have prevented the American Indians from intercoui'se with
his, but that he should have apprehended them immediately, which
71
he would not do, and when I asked him why he had not done so,
he I'eplied that he had neither ^uard nor place to put them in, and
that it wjis the business of the officer commanding the post. There
is something extraordinary, I do think, in Mr. Norton's conduct
altogether in this business. V^ery few of the Cayugas and Onon-
dagas have come forward with the other Indians.
There is a considerable body of militia collected here, and it
will be a great pity if the reinforcements you have ordered up
should not arrive to take advantage of it. Their liay being now
receiving injury and their corn ripening fa.st, they will not be in-
duced, I fear, to remain long. They are all tine, serviceable men,
few or none coming un<ler the description you wish should be sent
home. The whole of our wounded men have arrived at York.
Lieut.-Colonei T^^cker lias been instructed to hold out to the last
extremity all the forts. The garrisons that have been left in them
are fully .sufficient for their defence. In Fort George are nearly
400 of the Royals, 200 of the 100th, and upwards of 60 artillery.
In Missassauga 290 odd of the King's, the Colored Corps, Military
Artificers, and others, making, with artillery, not far from 400 men.
In Fort Niagara the 4l8t and the wliole of the mai'ine artillery.
I have not heard from Lieut.-Colonel Tucker since I received the
report which has Ijeen transmitted to you.
P. S. — I have only this moment, just as I was closing this
letter, received yours of the I4th, brought, I am told, by an officer,
whom I have not seen. I am glad I anticipated your supposition
that I had fallen back on the 14th. I know nothing of the circum-
stances attending the fall of Fort Erie. The garrison consisted of
100 men of the 100th Regiment, and 20 artillery. The reinforce-
ment you directetl me to sen<l there was on its way, and was veiy
near falling into the hands of the enemy. All the wounded officera
are doing well ; most of them are gone to York. Capt. Holland
never would confine himself for a moment, though shot through
the left hand and wounded in the head. Capt. Bridge and Lieut
Armstrong have arrived at York some time since. We have not
made many pri.soners, in all not more than 10 or 12. Several de-
serters have come to us — six in one day — they have been sent to
York. I am happy to say we have not lost any. One, I under-
stand, attempted to desert, but was apprehended by some of the
militia. There are now .several parties out, who prevent the enemy
from coming beyond their picquets. One party surprised some
dragoons in St. Davids, took three dragoons and four horses.
Willcocks was in the villagB at the time, but unfortunately escaped.
Mallory was very near being taken by another party, near the
Beaver Dams. A party of militia, Indians, and a few soldiers were
72
sent to Chippawa the other iiijjlit to endeavor to surprise a guanl
they were said to liave there, but there was neither man nor Ixmt
to l>e found. Tliey j;et everythinjj across from Lewiston, to wliieh
phice they have broujfht their Ixwits. It is impossible now to send
over any IncUans to the other side of the Niajjara, indeed, if thiy
were at Fort (Jeorj^e I do not tliink they wouhl go. My reason for
preventing them from bringing the hoi-ses and cows across the
water, you must, I hope, Ik* aware, was l)ecause I was at the
moment chiiming restitution from American officeix for private
property taken or desti*oyed by their soldiei*s at Dover. If the
same hititude is to be given to our Indians, have we any riglit to
complain f
licneral Riall to General Druiuiiiond.
12 Mile Ckeek, July 19th, 1814.
Sir, — Since I had the honor of writing to you on the 17th,
nothing of an imj)ortant natiu'e has t)ccurred. The troops at pre-
sent occupy the position of the Twelve Mile Creek, liaving in
advance at th»» 10 to the right, extending to DeCoo's and
Street's Mills, the Ist, 2nd, 4th. and 5th Regiments of Lincoln
Militia and a l>o<ly of Indians, the main bcxly of whom is with the
advance of the tr<M)ps at the Twelve. There was a g(X)d deal of
skirmishing yesterday with the advance of the militia ami the
enemy's outposts near St. David's, and they have in conse(|uence
burnt that village and several of the neighboring houses. They
have also, I understand, Viurnt the whole of the houses between
Queenston juid the Falls. The 2«1 Brigade of militia, under Lieut-
Colonel Hamilton, is at the 40 Mile Creek. I am happy to Ix^ able
to inform you that almost the whole lK)dy of militia is in anns, and
seem actuated by the most determined spirit of hostility to the
enemy. The Indians also are in great numlmi-H, not less, I believe,
than 900, and evince the sjime spirit. It is very much to be re-
grette«l that it cannot be taken advantage of at the moment
Everything goes well at Fort (ieorge.
Extract fVoin the Memorial of Major David Secord to the As-
sembly of Canada.
While the American army was at Queenston, in the District of
Niagara, under the inunediate command of General Brown, a de-
tachment of his troops under the direction of a Colonel Stone
entered the village of St. Davids and said it was their avowed
intention to l»urn, plunder, and destroy that Tory village, as they
had been well infonned that it had been headquarters for the British
78
troopH, and thev were fully detennined that they should not find
shelter in that place if they Hhould ever return.
Accortlinfrly they went to work and bunit, plundered, and
destroyed of IiIh real and perHonal property aw followH:
One frame houHe, three storicH, 22 l>y 80 feet, with three
stacks of brick tire chimneys, seven tire-places, built and furnished
for a house of entertainment, with Hheds and stables thereto
lielonj^ng.
One stone dwelling house, two storieH, 24 by 30 feet.
One stone «litto, two stories, 24 by 60 feet.
One grist mill, stone an«l timl»er, 22 by 40 feet, with Iwilts and
machinery.
One blacksmith shop and all the tools.
One new frame barn, 34 by 44 feet, witli two fanning mills and
other property.
Two log buildings, 22 by 20 feet.
One thousand weight of candles contracted for with the
British troops at 2/ per poun<l.
Seven horses ami four cows, 20 fat hogs supposed to weigh
from 150 to 250 each.
One new wagon with a large yoke of oxen, laden with
furniture.
One store of merchant goo«ls, piiced at £500.
All his household furniture and family clothing.
Nearly all the above property burnt Jind destroyed on the lOth
July, 1814.
Major niacFarlaiid, 93d V, 8. lufantry, to his wife.
(Bxtraot.)
The (American) militia and Indians plundered and burnt
everj'tbing. The whole population is against us ; not a foraging
party but is tired on, and not unfrequently returns with missing
nuni Iters. This state was to l»e anticipated. The militia have
burnt seveml private dwelling houses, and on the lf)th inst. burnt
the village of St. Davids, consisting of 30 or 40 houses. This was
done within three miles of our camp, and my battalion was sent to
cover the retreat, as they had l;»een sent to scour the country and
it was presumed they might be pui-sued. Mj' God, what a service !
I never witnessed such a scene, and had not the commanding officer
of the party, Lieut.-Colonel Stone, l»een disgraced and sent out of
the army, I would have resigned.
74
Colonel iMaac W. Stone to Governor D. D. Tompkins.
Vii.iwUiE OF Rochester,
(lENEsEE Fam-s, July 25th, 1814.
SiK, — On the 18th inst. I was, with a Hinall (Ictacluiient of
vohnittHTs, hy order of (ii'iieral IVtrr H. Portor, onltTtMl to ^o and
di.slodj^^e a party of tlu' t'lKMiiy's tr<M)j).s at a .small village calK-d St.
Davids, al>out three miles from QiieeiiHton, who were ainioying our
reeoimoiteriut; paities and pic<|UetH. Accordingly, I went, and in a
HJiort time after followefl a few regulars under the connnand of n
lieutenant, as I understood. We drove the enemy from the said
village. When on my return, about one mile and a-half from the
said village, with most of the men under my command, (I have
since iK-en satisfied that none of them were in the village at the
time,) I discovered the village of St. Davids to he on fire. Hy
whom it was set, or hy whose order, I am yet to learn. On the
morning of the following day, without notice, without inrjuiry, or
any investigation to my knowledge. I was served by the Brigade-
Inspector with the following onler :
" Grncml Order.
" Asst.-Adj.-CJeneral's Office,
. " giEEXSTox, l!)th July, 1814.
"The accountability for burning the houses at St. Davids
yesterday must rest with the senior officer. It was directly con-
trary to the t)i-<lers of the (lovernment and those of the Comnjand-
ing Oeneral publishe(l to the army.
" Lieut.-Colonel Stone will retire from the army.
' By order of Major-General Brown.
" C. K. G.\UI)\ER,
" Adjt.-(ien."
In conse(|Uence of which order two captains and one adjutant
of the volunteers have resigncMl their commi.ssion.s, not kjiowing
how soon they might share tlie same fate. I feel injured, inasnnich
as 1 am not guilty of the charge alleged against me. My reputation
is somewhat impeached before the public. All I jusk for is a fair
investigation of my conduct, whether I am guilty or not guilty.
As I anj at a loss how to get this investigation, I pray Your
Excellency to advi.se with me in what manner I .shall proceed.
Extract from Niles' Reglgter.
Baltimore, August C, 1814.
" It is untrue that Fort Erie had been retaken as stated in our
last ; 800 troops had arrived there from Erie, Pa., in three of our
76
Bcljoonem Tho liuffalo Gazdtfi of the 25th ult. HnyH, ' Sinco the
AiiiericHii anny arrive<l at Quuenstoii there were Heveral teainu in
the United States' employment attjicked by armed inhahitimtH of a
phice calle<l St. Davids, alxnit four miles from Qiieenston. A few
teams were capture<l and some of the drivers and men attache<l to
to the wajfoiiH wounded, and several other instances of this kind of
petty skirmishing; t(X)k place in the vicinity of that place. In onler
to put a stop to these procee<linj;s, a party of (leneral Porter's
volunteers, connnanded by Colonel Stone, marched to St. Davids;
a skinnish l>ej;an, in which several of the inhabitants and a few of
the volunteers were killed, a nart of the villaj^e was then burnt.
The act, we learn, was perfectly unauthorized, (ieneral Brown has
dismissed the officer who connnanded the expe«lition.'
"On the 2()th ult., 100 men of the 22<1 Rejriment enibarked at
Erie in the U. S. schooner Pitrcunine for Buffalo, and the next <lay
220 men of the 1st Rejifiment, under Lieut.-Cohmel Nicholas, left the
same place with the like destination, in the schooneix Oh'ut and
Ti/grens. Twrt tine companies of the lOth Re^Mment p»is.sed through
Zanesville, Ohio, (to embark at Cleveland) on the 15th ulto."
(General Riall to General Driiiumond.
12 Mile Ckeek, 20th July, 1«14.
Sir, — I received a report from Lieut.-Colonel Tucker this day
informing; me that alwjut 7 o'clock this morninj; the officer com-
manding the pic((uet at Wilson's house, on the road from Foit
George to Queenston, had l)een obliged to withdraw from thence in
consequence of the advance of the enemy in that direction with a
lx)dy of cavalry and infantry and four pieces of artillery. It
appears to be the intention of the enemy to take up that position,
in order to prevent which Lieut.-Colonel Tucker directed a fire to
be connnenced upon them from the Imtteries of Fort George, but
with what effect he could not ascertain on account of the quantity
of brushwood that interposed. When Lieut.-Colonel Tucker wrote
to me the connuunication with this phice was still open, and the
enemy at that time occupied McFarlane's and Wilson's, and had a
picquet of cavalry near to the ruins of Dick.son's house. As I have
not heard the report of any guns since 9 o'clock, although the
Lieut.-Colonel mentioned that he would occasionally throw some
shot and shells to annoy them, I imagine they have retired again to
their position at Queenston. Three desertei-s were brought in here
about 3 o'clock. One of them appears to be a very intelligent
young man, and has given the enclosed report of the amount of
their force according to the best of his judgment. I anxiously
76
wait your jirrivftl \\vn\ jiml I l)og loave t<) exnrcHM my Iiojh; that you
will hv Jill means push forwanl the 8})tn Ruginiunt, the Hi-st
division of which I un(I«'i'Htoo<l fi-oni Colonel MorriHon wan to arrive
at York this <lay. Tliere is a very tine Ixnly of militia under
Lieut-Colonel Hamilton at the 40 Mile Creek, which it may Ik>
necesHary to hrin^' forwaixl alwo.
Suhstance of information ^'iven by three dewuiern of the 2Hd
Regiment, rnite<l States Army, who came to our advanced posts,
20th July, IS 14.
They left Queenston at 10 a. m., and havinj^ Ijeen Heparately
examined r«'|M»i't as follows : —
The American army, believed to amount to nearly 6,000 men,
exclusive of nearly 1.400 volunt«'ei-M and IndiauH. Strength of the
artillery not known, tho' the following pieces have Iwen seen by
the parties :
Five iron IH poundei*s,
One brass \H do.,
and several pieces of smaller calibre.
Two regiments of cavalry, alnrnt 100 men; mounted volun-
teei-s, (licensed phunlerers engaged for six months at 25 dollars per
month,) I.SO men.
The following regiments are at Queenston :
SvftiKtut'd Htrengtli.
23d (JOO
21st !)00
J>th not known.
11th
i:Uh
22nd
25th
= 6,000 men.
One company bombardiers.
Informants further mention that a general parade was ordered
last niglit at Queen.ston, when it was publicly dticlared that Colonel
Stone of the volunteers wjis cashiered the service (Credat Jiuhvo>*
Informants add that the arm^- was put in motion at 7 this
inorning, with the avowed intention of proceeding against Fort
George.^ A strong division was at the same time sent across the
river. The brigade to which the desertei-s l^elonged did not leave
Queenston. It was Scott's brigade that was sent towards Fort
George.
77
MfiJor-4«eneral Stall to Lleut.*€ieneral llrumiuond.
12 Mile Cheek, 20th July, ^ piiHt 10 p. m.
Sir, — Since I wrote you this eveuiiij; I have received a letter
from Lt.-Col. Tucker, informing me that he han been enable<l to
uHcertain the poHition of the enemy between McFarlanc's and
WilHon'H, where he in in very jjreat force. Lt.-Col. Tucker appre-
hended a very HeriouH atbick will be made upon him, probably this
ni^ht. He InjlievuH the enemy is throwing up a work on the riHinjf
^roun<l in front of WilHouH, tin Win advanced HentrieH think they
hear {Hioplt' at work and the noiHo of plank beinjj thrown u|K)n the
j^rround from wjigons. I am really in a very unpleaHant predica-
ment. It will l>e expected that I HhouM do Homethin^ to relieve
Fort (leor^e, which I certainly have every inclination to do, but if
I advanced fi*om tluH I leave the country in my rear perfectly
expoHe<l to the enemy 'h advance from Queenston, or if 1 move in
that tlirection and from thence to Foi-t Oeor^e, th<? enemy may, if
he pleaHeH, detach a part of Ihh force by the croHH roadH to eft'ect
the object of j(ettinj( into my rear an<l to Burlington. If, besideH, I
Hhouhl a<lvance and any revei-HC happen, I Kxjk upon it as fraught
with the greatest danger to the province. I am most anxious for
your arrival, and I entreat you will direct the 89th to be pusheil
ff)rward with all despatch, an«l also the Hank companies of the
I04th, whom Lt.-Col. Morrison detained at York. If Fort George
shouhl be seriously attacked I fear, from the report of t)fficers of
engineers antl artillery that I send you, that it wdl not be capable
of much resistance. Lt.-Col. Tucker luul four men wounded in a
skirmisli with one of the enenty's picpiets, one of whom lost his
leg.
to the Secretary of War.
SACKErr's Harbor, July 20, 1814.
Sir, — Taking a warm interest in the success of the campaign,
and suspecting that the government has not been as reguarly in-
formed of things at this post as might be pi-oper, I have ventured
to give you the fcllowing statement of fticts which have recently
taken place, whicli for clearness and brevity I give the form of a
journal :
8th July. — Saw the Commodore, who said he was now nearly
ready, and would leave the harbor in a few days and take a station
off the Ducks to watch Yeo, who was in Kington.
12th. — Fleet yet in port. General Games had a free conver-
sation with the Commodore, who said he should not go to the head
of the lake unless called by Yeo's movements.
78
14tli.— No clmnge in tlie situation of the fleet nor in tlie
intentions of the ConuncMlore. Wiien he does sail will go to tlie
Ducks.
15tli._The Connnoflore sick with a fever, expected to l»e able
to ^o out in thret' or four days.
17th. — Mor^'an's ritle Iwittalion, conveying a l»ittering train
sent fo)' by CJeneral Brown, sailed yesterday in Ixmts Hupplied by
tlio (juarteruiJister. Their fate doubtful, our fleet being yet in tlie
liai lK)r, detained by soniethino- wanted for the Mohawk. Yeo and
his fleet at the Ducks. The C'onnnodore expects to be out by the
20th, l)ut will not go to the head of the lake unless Yeo leads him
there.
20th. — Morj^mn, with the riflemen anc' cannon, prevented from
sailing by Veo's l)l<)ckade of the harl)or. Expectetl the fleet (now
ready) would break the Idockade to-day. Prevented by the con-
tinued illness of the C'onuiiodore. Captain Jones would have gone
out and settled the matter with Yeo, but had not authority to do
so. Strange, that when the chief of a s(|uadron is non conifMfx the
otticer ne.xt in rank is not entitled to the connnan<l. If this be a
rule in the navy it should be altere(l. There was a flne opportunity
of fighting and winning the long wi.shed for battle, but lost l)ecause
the only man in the fleet who \ as not ready was the connnanding
(jflicer.
(From (i('i\<'i'al ./olni Arnisfroiifi's Xoficrs (tf ilir Wur nf
16 IJ, Vol. II., i>i>. M7-S.)
(it'll. Rinll to (i!«ii. Ilriiiiiiiioiifl.
12 iMiLE (M{EEK, 21.st July, 1814.
Siu. — I have received no n'port from Lt.-Col. Tucker since last
night. The enemy has concentrated his whole force, with thr
exception of about .*U)0 men who have crossed the river to Lewi-
ston, between De Puisayes and McFarlane s. He is certainly erect-
i.»g batteries against Fort (Jeorge, a' ;le in advance of Wilson's
house. A deserter brought in this da\ says he tldnks they will b.-
completed to-morrow. The onhmnce which he has with him con-
sists of four bS- pounders, an eleven inch mortar, two heavy
howitzei's, and .several smaller pieces. 1'he deserter who gave this
information belonged to the artillery, and I believe it to be correct.
All the desertei-s who come in agree pretty well in the coniputiition
of their niind)ers. A man, who came over her»3 on some business
with one ot the American oflicers, was ma«le prisoner this evening by
h party of our militia. He says they are in hourly expectation of tlie
arrival of the fleet with a large reinforcement of troops. It is very
79
much to be lamentec that we have not sufficient force to attack
them before its arrival. Our militia occupy Queenston and St.
Davids this evening. In the former place they ma<le three prisoner.
I have just j;ot a report from the officer commanding at Turlington
to say that he has received information that a party of . * enemy,
consisting of about 200 infantry and 80 horsemen, h:i l)een at
Port Talbot, where they have done a great deal of injury to the
crops in that settlenient, and that they threaten to advance into the
country for a similar purpose. Lt.-Col. Hamilton has sent the
Oxford Regt. of militia and some Indians in that direction from the
40 Mile Creek. I have the honor herewith to enclose you a return
of the officer's and troops composing the garrisons of the several
forts as called for in the deputy-adjutant-general's letter of the
Kith inst., received this day. Capt. Jervois arrived here this
evening.
Cien. Riall to Cieii. Drniuiiiond.
12 Mile Cheek, 22 July, 1814.
SiH, — I have just received the enclosed letter from Lt.-Col.
Tucker, which I loso not a moment in forwarding to 3'ou. I also
enclose to you the information received from some deserters that
came into Fort George hist evening. The troojjs shall be ready to
move at a moment's warning, but I shall wait for your orders before
I put them in motion. The number I have here amount, with the
Incorporated Militia, to alx)ut 1,700 men, the militia that may be
collected probably amount to between 7 and 800, the Indians to
about a similar number. Capt. Jervois takes this letter and goes
by the Beach. I send a duplicate by Burlington. If you send
your ordei*s by express they shall be instantly obeyed. I have
resolved to wait for your directions, as the attempt may involve the
safety of the whole of the troops as well in the field as in the
garrisons. Fort George may fall, but I cannot think there can be
nnich danger for Missassauga and Niagara for some days. The
enemy have a considerable body of troops on their own side of the
river, w'lich have been lately marched down from Buffalo. They
are constructing a battery at the old Salt Battery near Youngstown,
for which they have got, by the reports of deseitei*s, two 32-
poundei-s and two 12 inch mortars.
P. S. — I have ordered the Lincoln Militia to concentrate at
the 10 Mile Creek, and Lt.-Col. Hamilton's brigade to move from
the 40 to this place.
HO
Infonnatuni of Desrrtert* to Fort George.
Stanley Ri we, private," Hth Co., Uth Regt, Maj. Leavenworth,
tleserted l>eeause lie was afraid of hard Hjrhtin^:
1st Brigade, conuiianded by (Jen. Scott, consists of 3,000 nu'ii,
the whole force consists of (1,000 or 7,000 men on this side the river
and -i.OOO on the other side, with two long 82-pdi*8. and two 12 inch
mortars for a battery at Y«)ungstown : four 5 or inch howitzers
on this side, four long IS-pdrs., three (I or 9-pdix
It will not be long before they attack, most likely next day.
They expect the schooners up the river and Iiave a battery
neai- McFarlane's to prevent their advancing.
(Jen. Brown is on this side : the tii-st brigade is commanded by
(ten. Scott, the second by (Jen. Ripley, the 8rd by Uen. Porter, total
5,000 or (5,000 men : 2,000 regulars at Youngstown ; 1,000 militia
and 500 Indians in .Srd Brigade ; 4,000 regulai"s in 1st and 2nd
BriL'a<les. When they crossed the river there were 500 Indians and
1,500 volunteers and militia.
Originally the army was H.OOO men, reduced to about 5,000
tightiui men. When at Chippawa H5 were buried and 150 wounded.
A sl'.ell bui-st yesterday and killed Gen. Scott's hoi'se under him
near McFarlane's. Lieut. ChiMs and al)out a dozen wounded an<l
one killed yestenlay.
Orders were issued that all tents should be struck before day-
break in order to surround us and cut ott all comnnniication with
Burlington.
Some long bS-pdrs. with tlie howitzers to come to-morrow to
attack the fort, while the army will go to the 4 Mile Creek to sur-
rouml U.S. This informaticai from the officers of his regiment, who
heard it on parade in the orders. He thinks the men much more
determined than the oHiceix
They have about 150 or 200 hoi*se.
Benj. Barnard, !)th Regt, deserted because his time was out
and they would not give him his discharge :
On this side are four IJS-pdrs., f«mr i2-pdi-s., four (i-pdrs., two
howitzers; on other side: two iVi-pfli-M., two 12 inch mortars; on
this side alKiut 5,000 regulars, 1,000 volunteers; 2,000 regulai-s on
other side. Their intention to strike their tents at daybreak and
attack Fort (Jeorgt^ tomorrow by surrounding it. The v expect we
have alx)ut 1 ,000 men towards St. Davids. OriginulJy the army
was 7,000 on this side, and only 2,000 and some horw iv>-ci'ossed.
Alnmt 44 killed and not 100 woundt^d. Gens. Brown, Scott and
Porter are on this side. Plenty of ]>rovisions. The first shot fired
yesterday stiuck Gen. Scott's horse in the neck. The artillery
belonging to the 18-pdrs. said they have prepared ladders for
81
scaling Fort George. The enemy will come by day, not before 8 or
9 a. m.
The enemy are building a Imttery on the other side against
Fort George, and one beyond McFarlane's against our vessels. No
battery nearer to Fort George than Wilson's. The enemy intenda
to attack Fort George and Niagara at once.
Cieneral Rlall to General Drnmmond.
12 Mile Cheek, 22 July, 1814.
Sir, — I had the honor to write to you this morning by Cant.
Jervois and enclosed you a letter I had received tVoiri Lt.-Col.
Tucker, stating his apprehensions for the safety of Fort George
from the vast preparations the enemy seemed to be employed in
making for its reuuction, and urging me to advance immediately
for its relief. About 8 o'clock p. m. I received a report from Capt.
Fitzgibbon of the Glengarry Regt., whom I had sent out with a
party for the purpose of reconuoitering and gaining information of
the enemy's intentions, that he had withdrawn from his position
before Fort George and was again falling back upon Queen.sion.
From the top of the liill, over that place where Capt. Fitzgibbon
was enabled to see his whole force, which was in coluiim, extending
from near the village to De Puisaye's house. The wagons and
baggage seemed to be haltefl at Brown's. When Capt Fitzgibbon
k'ft the hill, which he was obliged to do by the advance of a bod}'^
of cavalry and ririeiiien, the column was moving towards St. Davids,
and when about 1,000 men, &c., entered into that direction it was
halted. Capt. Fitzgibbon was obliged to retire with his party
through St. Davids, and was pui'sued about a mile upon the road
leading from thence to this place. I understand some riflemen have
advanced to within a mile of the 10 Mile Creek, which is the
rendezvous of Lt.-Col. Parry's brigade of militia. That officer has
been indefatigable in his exertions and has aciiuired great influence
with the militia. I have directed Lt.-Col. Peai-son to detach two
companies of the Glengarry Regt. to his support and he has besides
a considerable number of Indians with him.
I make no doubt the enemy has either retired or been <lriven
back before this, or I would have received further information. I
have not been able to learn what the enemy has intended by this
movement, which he evidently wished to mask by the numbers of
riflemen and dragoons which he had thrown out in his front. I
have received a report also from Lt.-Col. Tucker that their army
had al)andoned his position before Foi-t George and that his pic(}uets
were again established at Wilson's and McFarlane's. The comnmni-
cation with this place is perfectly open.
82
Col. Harvey to CSen. Sllall.
York, 23rd July, 1814.
SiK __I am directed by Lt.-Gen. Drumniond to acknowledge
the receipt of your letter by Capt. JervoiH, with the encloHure from
Lt.-Col. Tucker, and to ac(juaint you that the Lieutenant-General
is by no means inclineil to balk the ardor of the troops, whom it is
his intention immediately to employ in offensive operations. Until
the arrival, however, of some part of the reinforcement at present
on their march to this point, the Lieut.-General does not consider it
prudent, highly as he thinks of the lu-aveiy of the troops, to risnue
an attack on a force so powerful as that which you represent the
enemy to have on this side of the river : the conseijuence of failure
might l)e tlie innne<lirtte fall of the forts and the temporary loss of
that part of the province. Conceiving, however, from your report,
that the disposition the enemy is nmking for an attack of Fort
George affords a favorable opportunity for operations on the
Niagara side, Lt.-Col. Morrison, with 400 of the 89th Regt, is this
moment I'lnbarking on lM)ard the Star and Charwell to reinforce
the garrison of Fort Niagara, and to enable Lt.-Col. Tucker to
make a sortie from the fort for the {)urpose of gaining possession
of the guns the enemy may have in the Salt and Youngstown
batteries, and wliich, if suffered to remain, would render Fort
George unti-nabl*' in a few h<mi-s. Lt.-Col. Drununond, with the
flank companies of the l()4th Regt., is also instructed to throw
himself into Fort Niagara to assist in this operation, and it has
been suggested to Lt.-Col. Tucker to draw a couple of hundred men
from Forts Cieorge and Missassauga, (in .such proportions as he may
think proper,) to leave in Fort Niagara in the absence of the other
troops. Lieut.-Cien. Drummond proposes that the attack should
take place on Moiulay at daylight, and from the character of the
orticei-s and troops to be employe<l he feels very sanguine hopes of
its success. In (jrder to hwur this operation, however, and to draw
the attention of the enemy from that side of the river, it is the
Lieut.-Gejieial's wish that you .slumld march to St. Davids and con-
centrate the whole of the regular force under your command at that
place, throwing the militia and Indians into the woods towards the
enemy'K positicju and the lake. The Lieut.-General conceives that
this movement nuiy be made with perfect .safety on your part, as in
event of the enemy's ])ushing promptly forward to attack or inter-
po.se l)etwixt you and Hmlington, you can always (as you have to
move on so much shorter ix line) reach Shipman's (the point of
junction of the roads) before him, that is, provided you take pre-
cautions to cause his movements to be properly watched and re-
ported, and even in this case the divei-sion in favor of Lt.-Col.
83
Tucker would be effected. It is not probable, however, in the
Lieui-General's opinion, that the enemv would move with that
degree of promptnesH expecting an attack from you ; he would, it
is conceived, rather wait in his position than anticipate it. In this
event (of his making no immediate movement towards you) the
Lieut.-General conceives that by showing your force towards the
Queenston Road, at the moment of Lieut-Col. Tucker's attack, at
the same time driving in the enemy's picquets by means of your
Indians and militia, he would be deterred from passing over rein-
forcements to support the batteries at Youngstown, which move-
ment might further be prevented by the fire of our schooners,
which, with the gunboat, must take a position for that purpose two
hours previous to moving out to the attack. Lt.-Col. Tucker is
directed to throw up two rockets, and not to excite alarm or sus-
picion they will l>e thrown up from Fort George or Missassauga.
(To annul this signal, should unexpected intelligence or other cir-
cumstances occur to render it expeuient, one rocket will be fired.)
From the moment of your putting the troops in motion from their
f (resent position, the whole of your militia and Indian force should
»e thrown forward, and from their numbers and description must
be superior to any body of light troops which the enemy can have.
The importance of placing the militia under the direction of intelli-
gent otficei*8 is very ol>vioua. In addition to tluwse at present acting
with that force he reconnuends Lt.-Col. Pearaon being so employed.
Should the enemy by pressing suddenly and boldly on you make
an action unavoidable, you must, by means of the Glengarry Light
Infantry and Incorporate<l Militia, endeavor to check his light
troops until you reach an open space in which, keeping your guns
in your centre and your force concentrated, your flanks secured by
light troops, ntilitia and Indians, you must depend upon the
superior discijiline of the troops under your command for success
over an undisciplined though confident and numei*ouH enemy. It
is Lieut. -Gen. Drummonjl's intention to pass ov^r to Fort Niagara
in the course of to-morrow, in order to ascertain the accuracy of
the intelligence respecting the state of the enemy's foree and of his
preparations on the right bank of the river. He will then proceed
to your iiead(|uarters, probably by way of the 10 Mile Creek. In
event of the operation above alluded to taking place on Monday
morning, and of its success, he may be induci^d to take advantage
of the impression produced to risque an attack with the whole v..
the force on the frontier (including the garrisons of the forts) with-
out waiting for the junction of the DeWatteville Regt, which,
however, is expected to arrive here on Monday, and is ordered to
push on with all possible expedition. In the present state of the
84
wind the American fleet, even were it out, could not reach Niagara
in less than 7 or 8 days fron> the time of its sailing. It hod not
Hailed on the 20th.
Lt.-Col. Dnimmond ia onlered to deposit the musket ball cart-
ridges he liJiH in charge, 50,000 rounds, at Burlington. Captain
Dobbs will take over a further supply, but the Lieut-General is in
ignorance Jis to the uuantity you have with you, never having re-
ceived returns of onlnance stores and ammunition with the right
division.
I have the honor to be, &c.,
J. Harvey,
Lt-Col. D. A. G.
Lt.-Col. Harvey to Lt.-Col. Tucker.
(8«or«t.)
YoKK, 23rd July, 1814.
Sir, — Lt.-Geii. Dnnnniond directs me to ac<]uaint you that Lt.-
Col. Morrison, with 400 rank and hie of the 8J)th Regt., who are
sent to Fort Niagara, as well as Lt.-Col. Drumnjond, with the flank
companies of the 104th Regt., for the purjxwe of enabling you to
gain the guns, with which the Licut.-( Jeneral »nulei*stands the enemy
IS arming the l)atteries at Youiigstown, by an attack upon the troops
stationed for their protection, which, it is the Lieut.-Cieneral's wisli,
should take place on Monday morning at daylight. In order to en-
able you to employ the whole of the 4l.st Regt., in addition to the
trooi)s ulK>ve mentioned, in this sortie, Lieut.-( Jeneral Drummond
will ap[>rove of you drawing a couple <>f hundred n»en from the
garrisons of Forts (JefM'ge ami Mis.sa»sauga, in such proportions as
you may think proper, to be sent l)ack immediately after the per-
formance of the service. Maj.-CJenenl Riall has received instruc-
tions to draw the enemy's attention from your side of the river and
operate a divtnsion fn favor of your sortie: by advancing the whole
of his force to St. Davids, pushing forward his militia and Indians
towards the enemy's jtosition. It is n;)t Lieut.-Cieneral Drunnnond's
wish to ns(|ue an action on the left bunk of the river until the ar-
rival of |)art of the reinforcements, wliich are marching on this place
and expected to arrive on Mon<lay. Slujuhl the attack on the right
Ije HncccMMfal, the impression which it may occasion on the force of
the enemy on this side, particularly il his IxHits are (jained by us,
niay afl'ord a favorable opportunity which Maj.-General Riall is
•lirected to improve, and in that case, or in the event of the failure
of your attack and the enemy forcing Maj.-General Riall to action,
you are to move out every man who can be 8pare<l horn the three
forts, and favor the Maj.-General's operations by threatening or
86
attacking the enemy h rear. It \» conceived that with the 89th,
104th flank con)panieH and two thircbt of your garriHonH, you would
have a force amounting to nearly 1500 for this purpoe*. The more
effectually to prevent the enemy from passing over troops to the
asHistance of those to be attacked V>y you at Youngstown, should
Maj.-General Riall's movements fail in deterring him from doing it,
Capt. Dobbs has been re(|uested to station one or more of the
vessels of war in such a manner as to command the passage, and if
possible destroy the enemy's Ijotits. The destruction of their boats,
you will be aware, is an object of the git^atest possible importance.
In event of your gaining the guns and Innng enabled to make use
of them, the artillery onicei*s must be instructe<l to keep this object
in view. Capt. Doblw will lanil a party of 30 or 40 marines to
assist in the attack. Ah Lieut.-Uen. Drumnumd is going ovor to
Fort (ieorge, you will receive fiom him verbally such further
instructions as he may consider necessary, but should anything
prevent his reaching Niagara to-ujori-ow, the atto«k is not on that
account to l>e deferre<l, should the HOth and 1 04th flank companies
have arrived, and should no circuniHtances (connected with the
enemy's force, position, or state of preparation,) with which Lieut.-
Oeneral Drunnnond \n uniic(|uainted render it expedient in your
judgment to postpone it until you can have further conununication
with him or with Maj.-General Riall. Two rockets tlirown up two
bout's before you mean to attack will Im seen and undei'stoo<l by
Maj.-General Riall, one i-ocket tired Hubse(|Uently will annul the
former signal. To avoid creating Huspicion it is desirable these
signals should be made fix^m Fort George or MisHaHsauga.
I have the honor to l)e, &c..
J. Hauvev,
Lt.-Col., D. A. G.
Cien. Druinmond to Sir George Prevoit.
York, 231x1 July, 1S14.
Sir, — On my arrival late last evenitjg at this |)ost, I was
honored with Your Excellency's despatch of tlie 15th iuHt., jic(|uaint-
ing me that the Lcoiuii'd, with the left wing of the 4th Batt. of the
Royals, hsis lieen wrecked on the island of Anticosti. It in at the
same time most consoling that the ti-oops and crew are saved.
I have recommended Sir James Yeo, in consetjuence of the
necessity he is under of invalidijig a nunaber of his seamen, to a|)plv
for the crew of the LeoiHtnl. The two brigs, the iitat' and Cfuuyell,
got up in safety to this pliice with their cargoes, which has, in a
great measure, assisted us in our straitened circumstances us regards
86
will Htill further relieve us, tho' even then our supply will be very
far from Hutfieient ; I have, therefore, been under the neccHHity of
ordering all the women l)elonj;in^ to the Right Divimvm (Ixjyoml
3a company) to j^ «lown to the Lower Province, with a view of
decreasing aH much aw posHihlo the issueH. The Sedentary Militia
have been for sonu* time called for Hervice to this post, but I find it
alwohitely impracticable to keep them any longer, jih the whole pro-
duce of the neighlioring country ix in the greatest <langer of being
lost. I encloHe an application made to me on this he»ul, which will
clearly show Your Kxcellencj' the urgency of the case.
I am very gla«l to find that Maj.-Cieneral Conran and boveral
ofRcei-H of the Royal Scots are on their way up, as their services are
particidarly reipiired.
The ettectiv*' part of tlu- HDth Regt., Your Excellency will per-
ceive by the encloHe<l copies of letteix to Maj.-CJen. Riall and Lieut-
Col. Tucker, will, in conseipunce of arrangements I have found it
neceH.sary to make, !)»• sent juroH.s this evening to F'ort Niagara in
the brigs »S7fO' an(WAfovrt7/, and to-morrow I shall likewise cross
in one of the .schooners which are expectetl in to-night for the
purpose. As sojui as the tr(K)ps moving on Kingston arrive at that
place I propo-se ordering up the 82nd Regt., which, I beg leave to
olwerve to Yom* Kxcellency, will leave that important post in a
state to be still further strengthene<l.
I am fully pei-suaded that Your Excellency will afibrd me every
assistance in the very great difficulties I have to encounter, and I
caimot but remark that it will require every exertion to overcome
them.
P. S. — Since closing the alx)ve, Lieut. Riidclitte of the Magvrt
has come over from Niagara, which he left early this morning. He
brings information that the enemy have retired from their position
at McFarlane's and re-occupied Queenston Heights.
Major-Cieneral Brown to the Secretary of War.
H. Q., Queenston. July 22nd, 1«14.
De.vr Sir, — On the 20th the army moved and encamped in the
rear of Fort (ieorge. General Scott with the van had some skir-
mishing Itefore the main Innly came up, but as the enemy kept close
to their works nothing important occurred. No force was left in
our rear, the heights were abandoned to the enemy, and we did
hope that the movement would have induced him to re-occupy them
87
or close in nearer to uh, ho as to brintr on an enga^nient out of his
works ; in this we were disap|X)intea. The anny returned to-day
and found a body of militia and a few regulars in and about the
heii^hts. Porter pursued them with his command and a few regulars,
and was ho fortunate aH to come up with and capture seven officers
and ten privates — they will be sent to Oreenbush.
MaJor-€eneral Brown to the Secretary of War.
H. Q.. Chippawa, July 25, 1814.
Dear Sir, — On the 23d inst. I receive<l a letter by expresH from
(teneral (iaines, advising me that on the 20th the heavy guns that I
had or»lered fm.a the harbor to enable me to operate agaiuHt Forts
George and Niagara were blockadetl in that port, together with the
rifle regiment I had ordered up with them. I had ordered these
guns and trcwps in boats, provule<l the Conunotlore Hhould not deem
it pro|)er or prudent to convey them in Iuh fleet, not doubting but
that he would have been uiM)n the lakes for their protection an<l
that the enemy wouhl have been driven into port or captured.
Ah (ienei*al (iaines informed me that the Commodore was confined
to his Ix'd with a frver, and an he did not know when the fleet
would Hjiil or when the guuH and forces which I had l)een exjKiCting
would even leave Sackett's Harl)or, I have thought pi*oper to change
my position with a view to other objects. You know how greatly
I am disappointe<l, and therefore I will not dwell on that painful
subject, and you can Inist pei-ceive how nmch haslx^en loHt by delay
and the command of Ltike Ontario being with the enemy, reliances
being placed up(m a ditterent state of things. The Indians all left
me some time since ; it is said they will return, but this you will
perceive depen<ls upon circumstances. The reinforcements oitlered
from the west have not arrived.
Sir Ciordon Drnmmoiid to Sir Geo. Prevost.
HEAiHiUARTEits, NIAGARA Fall.s, 27th July, 1814
Sir, — I embarked on Ixmrd His Majesty's schooner Net'e}/ at
York on Sunday evening, the 24th instant, and reached Niagara at
daybreak the following morning. Finding from Lieutenant-
Colonel Tucker that Major-General Riall was supposed to be mov-
ing towards the Falls of Niagara to support the advance of his
division, which he had pushed on to that place on the preceding
evening, I ordered Lieut-Colonel Morrison, with the 89th Regi-
ment and a detachment of the Royals and Kings, drawn from Forts
George and Missassauga, to proceed to the same point, in order that
with the united force I might act against the enemy (posted at
88
Street'H Civek, with \m ft«lvance at Chinpawa.) on my arrival, if it
HhouM Ik' fouiul ox|H'«iient. I onlered Liout. -Colonel Tucker at the
Mime time to jmxjeed on the right Imnk of the river with three
hun<h«'<l of the 4lHt, and alKUit two hundreil of the Royal iSeotH,
and a hnly of Indian warriors, HumMjrted (on the river) bv a party
of armed Hi-amrn under Captain I)«)1)1)h, Royal Navy. 'Iheobjwt
of thiH movement waH to diHOei'se or capture a Uxly of the enemy
whieh wjiH encamped at Lewiston. Some unavoidable delay having
occurred in the march of the tr<K)ps up the ri;;ht bank, the en«'iny
ha<l movi'd (»rt* previous to Lieutenant-Colonel Tucker's arrival. I
havf to cxprt'Hs myself satisfied with the exertions of that officer.
Having refreshed the troops at Quetuiston, and having brought
across the 41st, Royals, and Indians, I sent l>ack the 41st and l(M)th
Regiments to form the garrisons of the F'orts (Jeorge, Mississaga
and Niagara, und«'r Lieutenant-Colonel Tucker, and moved with
the H'Jth and detaclnnents of the Royals and King's and Light
Company of the 41st, in all alnnit HOO men, to join Major-( Jeneral
Riall's division at the Falls.
When ariived within a few miles of that position, I met a
report from Major-(ieneral Riall that the «Miemy was advancing in
great force. I inniiediately ])»ished on and joined the head of
Lieutenant-Colonel Morrison's cohnnn just Jis it reaclu'd the road
leading towards the Heaver Dam, over the sunniiit of the hill at
Lundvs Ijjine. Instead of the whole of Major-Cieneral Riall's
division, which I expected to have found occupying this position, I
found it almost in the (K'cupation of the enemy, whose colunms
were within (iOO yards of the top of the hill and the surrounding
woo<ls filled with his light troops. The a<lvance of Major-CJeneral
Riall's divi.sion, consisting of the (ilengarry Light Infantry an«l In-
corporated Militia, having commenced their retreat, I countermanded
these corps and formed the 8!)th Regiment and Royal Scots detivch-
ments and 41st Light Company in the rear of the hill, their left
resting on the great road : my two twenty-four pounder brass field
guns a little advanced in front of the centre on the summit of the
hill: the (Jlengarry Light Infantry on the i-ight; the battalion of
Incor|K)rated Militia and the detachment of the King's Regiment
on the left lA the great road : the scpiadron of the 19th Light
Dragjxais in rear of the left on the road. I ha«l scarcely completed
this formation when the whole front wjis wannly and closely en-
gaged. The enemy's principal efforts were directed against our left
and centre. After repeated attacks the troops on the left were
partially forced back, and the enemy gained a momentary poaseei-
sion of the road. This gave him, however, no material advantage,
as the troops which had been forced back formed in the rear of the
HO
89th Reffiineiit, fruntiii)^ the road and Hecuring the flank. It waH
during tniH sJiort interval that Major-Cieneral Riall, Imving received
a Hevere wound, waH intercepted iih he wan ptiNNing to the rear by a
party of the enemy 'h cavah-y and made priHontir. In the centre
the reiH»ated and determined attaclcH of the enemy were mt^t by the
89th Regiment, the detachmentH of the RoyalH and KingH and the
light company of the 4lHt, with th** moHt perf«'ct Htea<lineHH and
intrepid galhintry, and the enemy waH constantly repulsed with
very heavy Iohh. In ho »letermim'<I a manujT wen; tlu'He attacks
directe«l agaiuHt our guuH that our artill(>rymen were bayoneted by
the enemy in the »ict of loading, and the muzzlen of tin? enemy h
guuH were ailvanced within a few yardn of ouix The darknesH of
the night during tluH extraordinary conflict (K-oanioned several un-
common incidi>ntH. (hir troopH having for a moment lM>en pUHluMJ
back, Home of our guns remained for a fow minutes in the enemy's
han«lH; they were, however, not only (piickly recov«*red, but the
two pieceH, a Hix-poun«ler and a Hvr and a half-inch howitzer,
which the enemy had brought up, werr captun-il by »is, together
with H(>veral tumbriln, and in lindiering up our gunn at one perioil
one of th<? enemy'H six-pounders was put by a mistake upon a
lind)er of ouix, and one of our six-poundcrs lindH>r<'d on his, by
which means the pieces were exchange<l, and thus, though we cap-
tured two of his guns, yet a8 he obtained one of ounu we have
gained oidy one gun.
AlM)Ut nine o'clock (the action having commenced at six) there
was a short intermission of flring. during which the tuiemy was
employed in bringing up the whole of his remaining force, and he
shoillj' after renewed his attack, but was everywhere repulse<l with
equal gallantry and success. Alxuit this periinl th«' remainder of
Major-(ieneral Riall's division, which had l)een ordere<l to retire on
the advance of the enemy, consisting of the 103d Regiment, umler
Colonel Scott, the he!uh|uarter division of the Sth (or King's,) flank
companies, 104th, and some detachments of militia, under Lieut.-
Colonel Hamilton, inspecting Held otticer, joine<l the tnwps engaged ;
and I placed them in a second line, with the exception of the Hoyal
Scots and flank companies, 104th, with which I prol«jnged my front
line on the right, where I was apprehensive of the enemy's out-
flanking me. The enemy's eflforts to carry the hill were continuetl
until alSmt midnight, when he had suflTered so severely from the
superior steadiness and discipline of His Majesty's troops that he
gave up the contest and retreated with great precipitation to his
camp Ixjyond the Chippawa. On the following day he abandoned
his camp, threw the gi*eatest part of his bjiggage, camp equipage,
and provisions into the rapids, and having set Are to Street's Mills
90
and destroyed the bridge at Chippawa, continued his retreat in
great disorder towards Fort Erie. My light troops, cavalry, and
Indians are detached in pursuit and to harass his retreat, which, I
doubt not. he will continue until he reaches his own shore.
The loss sustained by the enemy in this severe action cannot
be estimated at less than fifteen hundred men, including several
hundreds of prisoners left in our hands. His two commanding
generals. Brown and Scott, are said to be wounded ; his whole force,
which has never been rated at less than five thousand, having been
engaged. Enclosed I have the honor to transmit a return of our
loss, which has been very considerable. The number of troops
under my comnjand did not, for the first three hours, exceed sixteen
hundred men ; the addition of the troops under Colonel Scott did
not increase it to more than two thousand eight hundred, of every
description.
A very difficult but at the same time a most gratifying duty
remains, that of endeavoring to do justice to the merits of the
officers and soldiers by whose valor and discipline this important
success has been obtained. I was very early in the action deprived
of the services of Major-General Riall, who, I regret to learn, has
suffered the amputation of his arm in the enemy's possession ; his
bravery, zeal, and activity have always been conspicuous.
To Lieut.-Colonel Harvey, Deputy- Adjutant-General, I am ao
deeply indebted for his valuable assistance previous to as well as
his able and energetic exertions during this severe contest, that I
feel myself called upon to point Your Excellency's attention to the
distinguished merits of this highly dese' ving officer, whr services
have been particularly conspicuous in jry affair that has taken
place since his arrival in this province. The zeal and intelligence
displayed by Major Glegg, Assistant-Adjutant-General, deserve my
warmest approbation. I much regret the loss of a very intelligent
and promising young officer, Lieutenant Moorsom, 104th Regiment,
Deputy-Assistant-Adjutant-General, who was killed towards the
close of the action. The active exertions of Captain Elliot, Deputy-
Assistant-Quartermaster-General, of whose gallantry and conduct
I had occasion on two former instances to remark, were conspicuous.
Major Maule and Lieutenant Le Breton, of Quartermaster-General's
department, were extremely useful to me ; the latter was severely
wounded.
Amongst the officers from whose active exertions I derived the
greatest assistance, I cannot omii to mention my aides-de-camp,
Captains Jervois and Loring, and Captain Holland, aide-de-camp to
Major-General Riall ; Captain Loring was unfortunately talcen
91
prisoner by some of the enemy's dragoons, whilst in the execution
of an order.
In reviewing the action from its commencement, the first object
which presents itself is the steadiness and good countenance of the
squadron of 19th Light Dragoons, under Major Lisle, and the very
creditable and excellent defence made by the Incorporated Militia
battalion, under Lieutenant Colonel Robinson, who was dangerously
wounded, and a detachment of the 8th (King's) Regiment, under
Captain Campbell. Major Kerby succeeded Lieutenant-Colonel
Robinson in the command of the Incorporated Militia battalion and
continued very gallantly to direct its efforts ; this battalion has
only been organized a few months, and much to the credit of Captain
Robinson of the King's Regiment (Provincial Lieutenant-Colonel)
has attained a highly respectable degree of discipline.
In the reiterated and determined attacks whicn the enemy
made upon our centre for the purpose of gaining at once the crest
of the position and our guns, the steadiness and intrepidity dis-
played by the troops allotted for the defence of that post were
never surpassed ; they consisted of the 89th Regiment, commanded
by Lieutenant-Colonel Morrison, and, after the Lieutenant-Colonel
had been obliged to retire from the field by a severe wound, by
Major Clifford; a detachment of the Royal Scots under Lieut.
Hemphill, and after he was killed Lieut. Fraser ; a detachment of
the 8th (or King's) under Captain Campbell ; light company, 41st
Regiment, under Captain Glew, with some detachments of militia
under Lieutenant-Colonel Parry, 103rd Regiment. These troops re-
peatedly, when hard pressed, formed round the colours of the 89th
Regiment, and invariably repulsed the attacks made against them.
On the right the steadiness and good countenance of the 1st Bat-
talion, Royal Scots, under Lieutenant- Colonel Gordon, in some very
trying moments excited my admiration. The King's Regiment,
(1st Battalion,) under Major Evans, behaved with great gallantry
and firmness, as did the light company of the Royals, detached
under Captain Stewart ; the Grenadiers of the 103rd, detached
under Captain Browne; and the flank companies of the 104th
under Captain Leonard. The Glengarry Light Infantry, under
Lieutenant-Colonel Battersby, displayed most valuable qualities as
light troops. Colonel Scott, Major Smelt, and the officers of the
103rd deserve credit for their exertions in rallying that regiment
after it had been thrown into momentary disorder. Lieutenant-
Colonel Pearson, Inspecting Field Officer, directed the advance with
great intelligence, «^nd Lieutenant-Colonel Drummond, having gone
forward with my permission early in the day, made himself actively
useful in different parts of the field under my direction. These
92
officers are entitled to ray best thanks, as is Lieutenant-Colonel
Hamilton, Inspecting Field Officer, for his exertions after his arrival
with the troops under Colonel Scott.
The field artillery so long as there was light was well served.
The credit of its efficient state is due to Captain Mackonachie, who
has charge of it since his arrival with this division. Captain
McLauchlan, has charge of the batteries at Fort • Missassaga,
volunteered his services in the field on this occasion ; he was severely
wounded. Lieutenant Tomkins deserves much credit for the way
in which the two brass 24-poanders, of which he had charge, were
served, as does Sergeant Austin of the rocket company, who
directed the Congreve rockets, which did much execution. The
zeal, loyalty and bravery, with which the militia of this part of the
province have come forward to co-operate with His Majesty's troops
in the expulsion of the enemy, and their conspicuous gallantry in
this and the action of the 4th, aim my warmest thanks.
I cannot conclude this despatch without recommending in the
strongest terms the follov/ing officers, whose conduct during the
late operations has called for marked approbation, and I ara induced
to hope Your Excellency will be pleased to submit their names for
promotion to the most favorable consideration of His Royal High-
ness the Prince Regent, viz : Captain Jervois, my aide-de-camp ;
Captain Robinson, 8th (King's) Regiment, (Provincial Lieutenant-
Colonel) commanding the Incorporated Militia ; Captain Elliot,
Deputy- Assistant-Quartermaster-General ; Captain Holland, aide-
de-camp to Major-General Rial], and Captain Glew, 41st Regiment.
This despatch will be delivered to you by Captain Jervois, my
aide-de-camp, who is fully competent to give Your Excellency any
further information you may require.
District General Order.
Headquarters, Falls of Niagara, 26th July, 1814.
Lieutenant-General Drummond offers his sincerest and warm-
est thanks to the troops and militia engaged yesterday, for their
exemplary steadiness, gallantry and discipline in repulsing all the
efforts of a numerous and determined enemy to carry the position
of Lundy's Lane, near the Falls of Niagara. Their exertions have
been crowned with complete success by the defeat of the enemy,
and his retreat to the position of Chippawa with the loss of two
of his guns and an immense number of killed and wounded, and
several hundred prisoners. When all have behaved nobly it is
unnecessary to hold up particular instances of merit in corps or
individuals. The Lieut.-General cannot, however, refrain from ex-
93
pressing in the strongest manner his admiration of the gallantry
and steadiness of the 89th Regiment, under Lieut.-Colonel Mom-
son and Major Clifford, who ably and gallantly supplied the Lieut.-
Colonel's place after he was wounded ; 41st Light Company under
Captain Glew, and detachment of the 8th or King's Regiment
under Captain Campbell, and Royals acting with them ; also a
party of Incorporated Militia, by whom the brunt of the action
was for a considerable time sustained, and whose loss has been
severe. To the advance under Lieutenant-Colonel Pearson, consist-
ing of the Glengarry Light Infantry under Lieut.-Colonel Batters-
by, a small party of the 104th under Lieut.-Colonel Drummond,
the Incorporated Militia under Lieut.-Colonel Robinson, and de-
tachments from the 1st, 2d, 4th and 5th Lincoln Militia and 2d
York under Lieut.-Colonel Parry, the Lieut.-General offers his
warmest thanks. They are also due to the troops which arrived
under Colonel Scott during the action, viz.: The 1st or Royal
Scots under Lieut.-Colonel Gordon, 8th or King's under Major
Evans, 103d Regiment under Colonel Scott, flank companies, 104th,
with the Norfolk, Oxford, Kent and Essex Rangers and Middlesex
Militia, under Lieut.-Colonel Hamilton.
The admirable steadiness and good conduct of the 19th Light
Dragoons, under Major Lisle, and of the detachment of Royal
Artillery, under Captain MacLauchlan, are entitled to particular
praise ; the latter officer having been badly wounded, the command
of the artillery devolved to Captain Mackonochie, with whose
gallantry and exertions Lieut.-General Drummond was highly
pleased. Sergeant Austin, who directed the firing of the Congreve
Rockets, deserves very great credit. To the officers of the general
and of his own personal staff, and to Captain Holland, aide-de-camp
to Major-General Riall, Lieut.-General Drummond feels himself
greatly indebted for the assistance they afforded him.
He has to lament being deprived (by a wound early in the
action) of the services of Major-General Riall, who was most
unfortunately made prisoner, whilst returning from the field, by a
party of the enemy's cavalry, who had a momentary possession of
the road. Lieut.-General Drummond has also to regret the wounds
which have deprived the corps of the services of Lieut.-Colonel
Morrison, 89th Reginient, and Lieut.-Colonel Robinson of the
Incorporated Militia. In the fall of Lieut. Mcorsom, serving as
Deputy-Asst. -Adjutant-General, the service has lost a gallant,
intelligent and meritorious young officer.
The Lieut.-General and President has great pleasure in dis-
missing to their homes the whole of the Sedentary Militia, who
have so handsomely come forward on the occasion, confident that
94
on any future emergency their loyalty will be again equally con-
spicuous. He will perform a grateful duty in representing to His
Majesty's government the zeal, bravery, and alacrity with which
the militia have co-operated with His Majesty's troops.
J. Harvey, Lt.-Col.,
Deputy- Adjt.-General.
JKetnm of KUled. Wounded and Missing in the Action at Londy'i
Lane, on the 95th July, 1814.
Staff — one officer killed, four officers wounded, one officer
missing.
19th Dragoons — two rank and file wounded, one private
missing.
Royal Engineers — one subaltern missing.
Royal Artillery — four rank and file killed, one captain, twelve
rank and file wounded ; seven privates missing.
Royal Marine Artillery — three rank and file wounded, two rank
and file missing.
1st Royal Scots — one subaltern, 15 privates, killed; three
officers, 112 non-commissioned officers and men, wounded ; two
officers and 39 non-commissioned officers and men missing.
8th, or King's — twelve non-commissioned officers and men
killed, three officers and 57 non-commissioned officers and men
wounded, one officer and twelve non-commissioned officers and men
missing.
41st Regt. — three privates killed, 34 non-commissioned officers
and men wounded.
89th Regt. — two officers, 27 non-commissioned officer and men,
killed; eleven officers and 177 non-commissioned officers and men
wounded, 37 non-commissioned officers and men missing.
103d Regt. — six privates killed, one officer and 46 non-com-
missioned officers and men wounded, three officers and four non-
commissioned officers and men missing.
104th Regt. — one private killed, five privates missing.
Glengarry Light Infantry — four privates killed, one officer, 30
non-commissioned officers and men, wounded ; one officer and 21
non-commissioned officers and men missing.
Incorporated Militia — one officer and six men killed, four
officers and 39 non-commissioned officers and men wounded ; 75
non-commissioned officers and men missing ; three officers and 14
men prisoners.
Provincial Light Dragoons — two rank and file wounded, one
captain missing.
96
Ist Lincoln Militia — one private killed.
2d do do — one private wounded.
4th do do — two officers, three men wounded ; two
officers missing.
5th Lincoln Militia — one officer and three men wounded.
2d York Militia — three officers and six men wounded.
Officers Killed.
General Staff— Lieut, Moorsom, 104th Regt., Deputy-Assist.-
Adjt.-General.
1st, or Royal Scots — Lieut. Hemphill.
89th Regt., 2d Battn. — Captain Spunner, Lieut. Latham.
Incorporated Militia — Ensign Campbell.
Officers Wounded.
General Staff — Lieut.-General Drummond, severely, not dan-
gerously ; Major-General Riall, do,, and prisoner ; Lieut. -Colonel
Pearson, slightly ; Lieut. Le Breton, severely.
Royal Artillery — Capt. McLauchlan, dangerously.
1st, or Royal Scots — Capt. Brereton, slightly ; Lieut. Haswell,
severely, not dangerously ; Lieut. D. Fraser, do., do., and missing.
1st Battn., 8th or King's — Lieut. Noel and Emsign Swayne,
slightly ; Ensign MacDonald, severely.
89th Regt. — Lieut.-Colonel Morrison, Lieuts. Sanderson, Street,
Pierce, Taylor, Lloyd and Miles, severely, not dangerously ; Lieut.
Redmond and Adjutant Hopper, slightly ; Lieut. Gray and Ensign
Saunders, dangerously.
103d Regt. — Lieut. Langhorne, slightly.
Glengarry Light Infantry — Lieut. R. Kerr, slightly.
Incorporated Militia — Lieut.-Col. Robinson, dangerously ; Cap-
tain Fraser, severely ; Capt. Washburn, slightly ; Captain McDonald,
severely, left arm amputated ; Lieut.-MacDougall, mortally ; Lieut.
Ruttan and Ensign McDonald, severely ; Lieut. Hamilton, slightly.
2d Lincoln Militia — Adjutant Thompson, slightly.
4th Lincoln Militia — Captain H. Nelles and Ensign Kennedy,
slightly.
5th Lincoln Militia — Major Hatt, severely.
2d York Militia — Major Simons, severely ; Captain Rockman,
Lieuts. Orrfield and Smith, severely.
Officers Missing.
Royal Engineers — Lieut. Yule.
Is^, or Royal Scots — Lieuts. Cljiie and Lament, supposed to be
prisoners.
8th, or King's Regt. — Quartermaster Kirnan.
4th Lincoln Militia — Capt. H. Nelles and Quartermaster Ball.
96
Officers Prisoners.
General Staff — Captain Loring, A. D. C. to Lieut.-General
Drummond.
89th Regt.— Capt. Gore.
103d Regt. — Capt. Brown, Lieut. Montgomery (wounded,) and
Ensign Lyner.
Glengarry Light Infantry — Ensign Robins.
Incorporated Militia — Captain McLean, Ensign Wharf and
Quartermaster Thompson.
Provincial Light Dragoons — Capt. Merritt.
Total, including officers — killed, 84; wounded, 559; missing
193 ; prisoners, 42.
In consequence of the gi'eat use made by the enemy of buck-
shot, many of the wounds have proved slight.
Captain L. Austin, A. D. €. to Major-General Brown, to tiie
Secretary of War.
H. Q., Buffalo, 29th July, 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor of addressing you by desire of Gen.
Brown, who is now confined by wounds received in a severe and
desperate engagement with the enemy on the afternoon and night
of the 25th inst.
Our army had fallen back to Chippawa. The enemy collecting
every regiment from Burlington and York, and meeting with no
opposition on Lake Ontario, transported by water troops to Fort
George from Kingston and even Prescott, which enabled them to
bring against us a force vastly superior, under command of Lieut.-
Gen. Drummond and Ma j. -Gen. Riall. They were met by us near
the Falls of Niagara, where a most severe conflict ensued ; the
enemy disputed the ground with resolution, yet were driven from
every position they attempted to hold. We stormed his batteries
directly in front and took possession of all his artillery ; notwith-
standing his immense superiority both in numbers and position, he
was completely defeated, and our troops remained on the battle
ground without any interruption. As, however, both Generals
Brown and Scott had received severe wounds — almost every chief
of battalion disabled, and our men quite exhausted, it was thought
prudent to retire to our encampment, which was done in good order
without any molestation from the enemy — our wounded having
been first removed.
Maj.-Gen. Riall, with the aide-de-camp of Gen. Drummond and
about twenty other officers, are taken prisoners.
The loss on both sides is immense, but no account has been yet
97
returned. The aide end brigade major of Gen, Scott are botli
severely wounded, and Capt. Spencer, an aide of Gen. Brown, most
probably dead, having received two balls through his body. Both
Generals Brown and Scott are on this side confined by their wounds.
Gen. Ripley commands on the other. General Brown received his
wounds at the same instant during a late part of the action, but
still continued to keep his horse until exhausted by loss of blood —
this, probably, has rendered his wounds more painful than they
would otherwise have been.
]IIaJor*General Brown to the Secretary of War.
Buffalo, 7th August, 1814.
Sir, — Confined as I was and have been since the last engage-
ment with the enemy, I fear that the account I am about to give
may be less full and satisfactory than under other circumstances it
might have been made. I particularly fear that the conduct of the
gallant men i A^as my fortune to lead will not be noticed in a way
due to their fame and the honor of our country.
You are already apprised that the army had, on the 25th ult.,
taken a position at Chippawa. About noon of that day Col. Swift,
who was posted at Lewiston, apprised me by express that the enemy
had appeared in considerable force in Queenston and on its heights ;
that four of the enemy's fleet had arrived during the preceding
night and were then lying near Fort Niagara, and that a number
of the enemy's boats were in view moving up the Straight. Within
a few moments after this intelligence had been received, I was
further informed by Captain Denman of the Quartermaster's
Department that the enemy was landing at Lewiston, and that our
baggage and stores at Schlosser and on their way thither were in
danger of immediate capture. It is proper here to mention that
having received advices as late as the 20th from Gen. Gaines that
our fleet was then in port and the Commodore sick, we ceased to
look for co-operation from that quarter, and determined to dis-
encumber ourselves of baggage and march directly for Burlington
Heights. To mask this intention and to draw from Schlosser a
small supply of provisions, I fell back upon Chippawa. As this
arrangement, under the increased force of the enemy, left much at
hazard on our side of the Niagara, and as it appeared by the before
mentioned information that the enemy was about to avail himself
of it, I conceived the most eflectual method of recalling him from
this object was to put myself in motion towards Queenston. Gen.
Scott with the 1st Brigade, Towson's Artillery, and all the dragoons
and mounted men, were accordingly put in march on the road lead-
98
ing thither, with orders to report if the enemy appeared — then to
call for assistance if necessary.
On the General's arrival at the Falls he learned that the enemy
was in force directly in his front, narrow pieces of woods alone
intercepting his view of them. Waiting only to give this informa-
tion, he advanced upon them ; by the time Assistant- Adj. Jones had
delivered his message, the action began ; and before the remaining
part of the division had crossed the Chippawa, it had become close
and general between the advanced corps. Though Gen. Ripley
with the second brigade. Major Hindman with the corps of artillery,
and Gen. Porter at the head of his command, had respectively
pressed forward with ardor, it was not less than an hour before
they were brought to sustain Gen. Scott, during which time his
command most skilfully and gallantly maintained the conflict.
Upon my arrival, I found that the General had passed the wood
and engaged the enemy on the Queonston road and on the ground
to the left of it with the 9tli, 11th and 22d Regiments, with
Towson's Artillery — the 25th had been thrown to the right to be
governed by circumstances. Apprehending that these corps were
much exhausted, and knowing that they had suffered severely, I
determined to interpose a new line with the advancing troops, and
thus disengage Gen. Scott and hold his brigade in reserve ; orders
were accordingly given to General Ripley. The enemy's artillery
at this moment occupied a hill which gave him great advantages
and was the key to the whole position ; it was supported by a line
of infantry. To secure the victory it was necessary to carry this
artillery and seize the height. This duty was assigned to Col. Miller,
while to favor its execution the 1st Regiment, under the command
of Col. Nicholas, was directed to menace and amuse the infantry.
To my gi'eat mortification this regiment, after a discharge or two,
gave way and retreated some distance before it could be rallied,
though it is believed the officers of the regiment exerted themselves
to shorten this distance. In the meantime Col. Miller, without
regard to this occurrence, advanced steadily and gallantly to his
object, and carried the height and the cannon. Gen. Ripley brought
up the 23d (which had also faltered) to his support, and the enemy
disappeared from before them. The 1st Regiment was now brought
into line on the ^eft of the 21st and the detachments of the 17th
and 19th, Gen. Porter occupying with his command the extreme
left — about the time Col. Miller carried the enemy's cannon.
The 25th Regiment, under Major Jessup, was engaged in a
more obstinate contest with all that remained to dispute with us
the field of battle. The Major, as has been already stated, had been
ordered by General Scott at the commencement of the action to
09
take gi"ound to the right ; he had Hucceeded in turning the enemy's
left .flank — had captured (by a detachment under Captain Ketchum)
Gen. Riall and sundry other officers — and showed himself again in
a blaze of lire, which defeated or destroyed a very superior force of
the enemy. He was ordered to form on the right of 22d Regiment,
The enemy rallying his forces and, as is believed, having received
reinforcements, now attempted to drive us from our position and
regain his artillery ; our line was unshaken and the enemy repulsed.
Two other attempts having the same object had the same issue.
Gen. Scott was again engaged in repelling the former of these, and the
last I saw of him on the field of battle he was near the head of his
colunm, and giving to its march a direction that would have placed
him on the enemy's right. It was with great pleasure I saw the
good order and intrepidity of Gen. Porter's volunteers from the
moment of arrival ; but during the last charge of the enemy those
qualities were conspicuous — stimulated by the example set them by
their gallant leader, by Major Wood of the Pennsylvania corps, by
Col. Dobbin of New York, and by their officers generally — they
precipitated themselves upon the enemy's line and made all the
prisoners which were taken at this point of the action.
Having been for some time wounded, and being a good deal
exhausted by loss of blood, it became my wish to devolve the com-
mand on Gen. Scott and retire from the field, but on inquiry I had
the misfortune to learn that he was disabled by wounds. I there-
fore kept my post, and had the satisfaction of seeing the enemy's
last effort repulsed. I now consigned the command to General
Ripley.
While retiring from the field I saw and felt that the victory
was complete on our part if proper measures were promptly
adopted to secure it. "The exhaustion of the men was, however,
such as made some refreshment necessary; they particularly
required water — I was myself extremely sensible of the want of
this necessary article. I therefore believed it proper that Gen.
Ripley and the troops should return to camp after bringing off the
dead, the wounded and the artillery ; and in this I saw no difficulty,
as the enemy had entirely ceased to act. Within an hour after my
arrival in camp I was informed that Gen. Ripley had returned
without annoyance and in good order. I now sent for him, and
after giving him my reasons for the measure I was about to adopt,
ordered him to put the troops in the very best possible condition ;
to give to them the necessary refreshment ; to take with him the
picquets and camp guards and every other description of force ; to
put himself on the field of battle as the day dawned, and there to
meet and beat the enemy if he appeared. To this order he made no
y^
100
objection and I relied upon its execution ; it was not executed. I
feel most sensibly how inadequate are my powera in speaking of
the troops to do justice either to their merits or to my own sense
of them — under able direction they might have done more and
better.
From the preceding detail you have new evidence of the dis-
tinguished gallantry of Generals Scott and Porter, of Col. Miller
and Major Jessup.
Of the 1st Brigade, the chief with his aide-de-camp, Worth,
his major of brigade. Smith, and every commander of battalion,
were wounded. The 2d Brigade suffered less, but as a brigade their
conduct entitled them to the applause of their country. After the
enemy's strong position had been carried by the 21st and detach-
ments of the 17th and 19th, the 1st and 23d assumed a new
character — they could not again be shaken or dismayed. Major
McFarland of the latter fell nobly at the head of his battalion.
Under the command of Gen. Porter the Militia Volunteers of
Pennsylvania and New York stood undismayed amidst the hottest
lire, and repulsed the veterans opposed to them. The Canadian
Vohmteers, commanded by Col. Wilcocks, are reported by General
Porter as having merited and received his approbation. The corps
of artillery commanded by Major Hindman behaved with its usual
gallantry. Capt. Towson's battery attached to the 1st Brigade was
the first and the last engaged, and during the whole conflict main-
tained that high character which they had previously won by their
skill and valor. Captains Biddle and Ritchie were both wounded
early in the action, but refused to quit the field ; the latter declared
that he would never leave his piece, and true to his engagement
fell by its side covered with wounds.
The stafi' of the army had its peculiar merit and distinction.
Col. Gardner, Adj. -Gen., though ill, was on horseback and did all in
his power; his assistant, Major Jones, was very active and useful ;
my gallant aids-de-camp, Austin and Spencer, had many and criti-
cal duties to perform, in the discharge of which the latter fell. I
shall ever think of this young man with pride and regret — regret
that his career has been so short ; pride that it has been so dis-
tinguished. The engineers, McRea and Wood, were greatly distin-
guished on this day, and their high military talents exerted with
great efiect ; they were much under my eye and near my person,
and to their assistance a great deal is fairl^T^ to be ascribed. I most
earnestly recommend them as worthy of the highest trust and
confidence.
The stafi' of Generals Ripley and Porter discovered great zeal
101
and attention to duty. Lieut. E. B. Randolph of the 20th is
entitled to notice ; his courage was conspicuous.
I enclose a return of our loss. Those noted as missing may
generally be numbered with the dead. The enemy had but little
opportunity of making prisoners.
Return of prisoners taken from the enemy in the above action,
viz: 1 Major-General (Riall,) 1 aid (to Lt.-Gen. Drummond,) 6
captains, 11 subalterns, 150 rank and file — total, 169.
Az. Orne,
Assist. Insp. Gen.
Major-Gen. Peter B. Porter to Crovernor D. D. Tompkins.
Fort Erie, U. C, July 29, 1814.
Sir, — Our Canadian campaign seems drawing to a close, or
must, at any rate, be suspended for want of reinforcements. After
a month wpent in marching and countermarching we have got hack
to the point from which we set out, much impaired in strength but
I hope not disheartened.
Besides almost daily skirmishing we have had two severe
general engagements, In the first of these we were ludky, (I use
this term because so far as depended on any previous arrangements
or knowledge of the commanding officer, both engagements were
wholly accidental and unexpected,) and obtained a splendid victory,
if not with a trifling yet a very disproportionate loss. In the last
we were most unlucky both as to time and place, the action having
been commenced three miles from camp about sundown, with one-
third of our army against a greatly superior force occupying a
commanding position. But no disadvantage of time, place or
circumstance, could resist the desperate bravery of the American
soldiery.
The enemy's battery of seven pieces of artillery was carried
by a charge, his commanding- position occupied and four desperate
and deliberate attempts to regain it by desperate charges success-
fully repelled. Our victory was complete, but, alas, this victory
gained by exhibitions of bravery never surpassed in this country,
was converted into a defeat by a precipitate retreat, leaving the
dead, the wounded and captured artillery, and our hard earned
honor to the enemy. I entered my remonstrance against this
measure, and I confess at the time I almost wished that fate had
swept another General from the combat. But it is certain that no
Militia General is to gain any military fame while united to a
regular force and commanded by their officers.
i^li^ta.
102
The purpose of this letter is to request tliat I may be per-
mitted to retire from the service, for in truth the volunteer force is
is now so small as not to warrant a Brigadier's command. You well
know how greatly my expectations have been disappointed in
relation to this command. I expected that the force would amount
to something near what was authorized, that it would be supplied
with the means enabling it to live, march and tight, that in point of
numbers it would be respectable and form so large a part of the
army as to enable it to assert its equal rights and privileges with
the I'egular troops, and not be what an interior militia force always
will be, the tools and drudges of the regular troops. As regarded
myself I did expect, too, that I would not be lower than second in
command, and that if the fortune of war should dispose of the first,
I might take my chance to fill his place. But all liopes of such an
event have vanished, for altho' I am now second in conniuind,
another Brigadier has been sent for to Sackett's Harbor. In short,
I have been brigadiered till I am quite satisfied.
Nothing but the shame of abandoning a measure, which under
mistaken auspices I had engaged and made some progress in, would
have induced me to take the field with a ragged, unprovided and
undisciplined force. I have done with then, nil I could, and altho'
I may not retire with much credit, I hope I shall not go home
wholly disgraced.
I have just seen General Brown's report of the battle of Chip-
pawa. Altho' he has been very civil to me personally by giving
me credit for a quality which in the sense in which it is commonly
used I am sure I do not possess, he has done great injustice to the
Pennsylvania Volunteers and Indians, who fought as bravely and
in proportion to their numbers did double the execution of any
other troops that day. I participated in all their disgrace, and the
only unpleasant feeling I have on the business of that day is that
I rallied and led a scattered line, (formed to scour the woods and
not to fight a regular force,) exhausted by the fatigue of pursuit a
second time, against a compact line of British regular troops per-
fectly fresh, and this when we were more than half a mile in
advance and unsupported by our regular troops, by which I lost
several valuable omcei's. General Brown does not hesitate to
acknowledge that on the night of the 25th the volunteers fought
at lead as well as the regulars.
Do not understand me as intending to cast a heavy censure on
General Ripley for the retreat from Lundy's Lane. He is a very
clever fellow, and besides having been in opinion opposed to General
Brown's plan of operations, he on that night, I am told by him,
received a pasitive order from General Brown at Chippawa to
103
retire. Had I, however, been in hia situation I should, without a
moment's hesitation, have disobeyed the order, for he commanded
the battle and was answerable for its issue, and ought not to have
been dictated to by a wounded man four miles from the scene of
action.
Second Sheet.
In the report of the battle of the 25th, the volunteers will
probably be put down as one of the three brigades which were
engaged, and as our number of killed, wounded and missing will,
of coui"se, be considei-ably less than that of other brigades, it will
seem that we were cowardly and did not do our duty, when, in fact,
the reverse is the case. Our brigade, as I stated before, is the ser-
vant of the army. 250 men were detached and acting under
Colonel Swift across the river, one company was at Butialo, part of
company at Erie (Fort Erie,) and two companies during the battle
were ordered to remain at Chippawa to protect the camp, so that in
fact we carried less than 300 men into the field, and detachments
were made again to send off prisoners. But in proportion to the
numbers engaged we lost more than any other corps, and I believe,
small as we were, we actually lost more officers killed than either
of the other brigades. Our whole loss was 05. I mention this not
to boast, but to show how uneijually the policy observed towards
volunteers bears upon them.
Major-Genera 1 Brown to Governor D. D. Tompkins.
Buffalo, 1st August, 1814.
Sir, — Will it not be possible for you to increase General Por-
ter's command, and that promptly. I have found General Porter a
brave and efficient officer. In the midst of the greatest danger I
have found his mind cool and collected, an<l his judgment to be re-
lied upon. These are rare qualifications, and therefore it is that I
desire all the militia force may be continued under his command.
It does appear to me to be an object of great material import-
ance to thix State that the enemy should be driven out of the
Peninsula, and a line drawn between him and his savage allies to
extend from near York or Burlington if it cannot be pressed farther
down. If you could by any means bring out a force of from three
to four thousand militia to operate with my gallant little army, I
do not doubt but that the object could be effected.
It is in vain for the people of this country to attempt to shrink
from the war in which they are engaged : if they do not arm and
exert themselves at a distance from their farms they will soon find
the war brought to their firesides.
104
This State has suffered in reputation this war ; its militia have
done nothing, or but little, and that, too, after the State had been
for a long time invaded.
Being resolved not to order my army out of Canada under
existing circumstances without further instructions from the War
Department, I have deemed it proper to call upon Major-General
Hall for a thousand militia for the defence of the frontier. I hope
you will approve the measure, but if you do I am not sure the
force will be found unless stronger and more military measures are
adopted than have hitherto been, as I find the inhabitants of this
frontier more disposed to skulk from the danger which threatens
them than to arm in defence of their country and her rights.
My wounds are very troublesome but not dangerous. I send
you the enclosed statement of Dr. Bull for your information, but
not for publication. The battle of the 25th, it is believed, will find
but few parallels. More desperate lighting has rarely been known.
I hope the nation will be satisfied by our conduct — we have
endeavored to do our duty.
The official returns are not yet in, but I am informed that I
have lost above sixty officers, killed and wounded, among which
first, I fear, is my aid-de-camp. Captain Spencer.
Dr. Bull to
Buffalo, 31st July, 1814.
In convei-sat.ion with Major-General Brown, after dressing his
wounds on the evening of the 25th, I understood from him that
General Ripley was ordered to move early in morning of the follow-
ing day to the scene of action of the d&y preceding for the purpose
of burying the dead, securing all the trophies captured, and driving
back the enemy should they appear. I did not doubt from the
observations of other officers but such a movement would tal'e
place agreeably to the order. In consequence I rode to the battle
ground about daylight without witnessing the presence of a single
British officer or soldier. The dead had not been removed during
the night, and such a scene of carnage I never beheld, particularly
at Lundy's Lane, red coats and blue and grey were promiscuously
intermingled, in many places three deep, and around the hill where
the enemy's artillery was carried by Colonel Miller, the carcasses of
60 or 70 horses disfigured the scene. I went forward more than a
mile beyond this point and saw no enemy.
E. W. Bull,
Hospital Surgeon, Army, U. S.
105
Col. James Miller to-
(Fro'm the Adjutant-General' a Report for New Hampshire, for
1868.)
Fort Erie, July 28, 1814.
On the evening of the 25th instant, at the Falls of the Niag-
ara, we met the enemy and had, I believe, one of the most desper-
ately fought actions ever experienced in America. It continued for
more than three hours stubbornly contested on both sides, when
about ten o'clock at night we succeeded in driving them from their
strong^ position. Our loss was severe in killed and wounded. I
have lost from our regiment in killed, wounded and missing, one
hundred and twenty-six. The enemy had got their artillery posted
on a height in a very commanding position, where they could rake
our columns in any part of the plain, and prevented their advanc-
ing. Maj. McRae, the chief engineer, told Gen. Brown he could do
no good until that height was carried and those cannon taken or
driven from their position. It was then evening, but moonlight.
Gen. Brown turned to me and said : " Col. Miller, take your regi-
ment and storm that work and take it." I had short of three
hundred men with me, as my regiment had been much weakened
by the numerous details made from it during the day. I, however,
immediately obeyed the order. We could see all their slow matches
and port-fires burning and ready. I did not know what side of the
work was the most favorable of approach, but happened to hit
upon a very favorable place notwithstanding. We advanced upon
the mouths of their pieces of cannon. It happened there was an
old rail fence on the side where we approached undiscovered by the
enemy, with a small growth of shrubbery by the fence and within
less than two rods of the cannon's mouth. I then very cautiously
ordered my men to rest across the fence, take good aim, fire, and
rush, which was done in style. Not one man at the cannons was
left to put fire to them. We goji into the centre of their park be-
fore they had time to oppose us. A British line was formed and
lying in a strong position to protect their artillery. The moment
we got to the centre they opened a most destructive fire on us,
killed a great many and attempted to charge with their bayonets.
We returned the fire so warmly they were compelled to stand.
We fought hand to hand for some time, so close that the blaze of
our guns crossed each other, but we compelled them to abandon
their whole artillery, ammunition, wagons, and all, amounting to
seven pieces of elegant brass cannon, one of which was a twenty-
four pounder, with eight horses and harnesses, though some of the
horses were killed. The British made two more attempts to charge
106
Us at close quarters, both of which we repulsed before I wai^ rein-
forced, after which the First and Twenty-third Regiments came to
my relief ; and even after the British charged with their whole line
three several times, and after getting within half pistol shot of us,
Were compelled to give way. I took with my regiment between
thirty and forty prisoners while taking and defending the artillery.
Lieut. Aaron Bigelow of my regiment was killed ; Capt. Burbank
and Lieut. Cilley badly wounded, a number of others slightly ;
Gen. Brown and his aide both dangerously wounded ; Gen. Scott
and his Brigade-Major, Lieut. Smith, both badly wounded ; Gen.
Ripley and his aide both shot through the hat ; Maj. McFarland
killed ; Col. Brady hadly wounded ; Maj. McNeil badly wounded, so
he must it is said lose his leg. It is unnecessary for me to
enumerate a quarter of our loss, but we have very few officers left
for duty. [ now command a brigade ; Gen. Ripley is Commander-
in-chief. I am the only full Colonel, and we have but one Lieuten-
ant-Colonel left to all the regular troops here. We expect re-
inforcements soon. But I forgot to tell you we were unfortunate
about our artillery at last. After Generals Brown, Scott and others
were wounded, we were ordered to return back to our camp about
three miles, and preparations had not been made for taking off the
cannon. It was impossible for me to defend it and make prepara-
tions for that too, and it was all left upon the ground except one
beautiful brass six-pounder, which is made a present to my regi •
ment in testimony of their distinguished gallantry .... We wounded
Maj. -Gen. Drummond, took Maj. -Gen. Riall prisoner, with between
thirty and forty other officers ; how many non-commissioned officers
and privates I have not yet learned, as they were sent hastily
across the river, but a very considerable number."
From the Pittsfleld (Mass.) San.
(Reprinted in Niles Reglder, Vol. 6, p. ^13.)
Extract of a letter from Dr. E. L. Allen of the 21st Regiment
to his brother in this town, dated Buffalo, 26th July, 1814 :
" Last night was fought the most sanguinary action the
annals of this country record. General Ripley by the blessing of
heaven is safe ; a musket shot perforated his hat just by the crown
of his head without injury. The 20th, we invested Fort George,
their shells and shot did little execution. 22nd, fell back to
Queenston Heights, probably on account of the powerful reinforce-
ments arriving from Kingston. 24th, fell back to Chippewa, which
is two miles above the Falls. 25th, at noon the enemy sent 500
across the river to Lewiston and destroyed some baggage our sick
had just left.
107 '
" In the afternoon the enemy advanced towards Chippewa with
a, powerful force. At six o'clock General Scott was ordered to
advance with his brigade and beat them. He was soon reinforced
by General Ripley's brigade ; they met the enemy in great force
below the Falls. They had selected their ground for the night,
intending to attack our camp before daj'light. The action began
Just before seven, and an uninterrupted stream of musketry con-
tinued till half-past eight, when theie was some cessation, the
British falling back. It soon began again with some artillery,
which, with slight interruption, continued till half-past ten, when
there was a charge, and a tremendous stream of fire closed the
conflict. Both armies fought with a desperation bordering on mad-
ness ; neither would yield the palm, but each retired a short distance
wearied with fatigue. Such a constant and destructive fire was
never before sustained by American troops without falling back.
" The enemy had collected their whole force in the peninsula
and were reinforced by the troops from Lord Wellington's army,
just i'anded from Kingston. For two hours the two hostile lines
were within twenty yards of each other, and so frequently inter-
mingled that often an officer would order an enemy's platoon. - The
moon shone bright, but part of our men being dressed like their
Gleng&.rian Regiment, caused the deception. They frequently
charged^ and as often were driven back. Our regiment, under
Colonel Miller, was ordered to storm the British battery. We
charged and took every piece of the enemy's cannon. We kept
possession of the ground and cannon until twelve o'clock at night,
w^hen we fell back to camp, distant more than two miles. This was
done to secure our camp, which might otherwise have been attacked
in the real'. Our horses being most of them killed, and there being
no ropes to the pieces, we got ofl' but two or three. The men were
so extremely fatigued they could not drag them. We lost one
howitzer, the horses being on full gallop towards the enemy to
attack them the riders were shot oft* and the horses ran through
the enemy's line. We lost one piece of cannon, w^hich was too
much advanced, every man being shot that had charge of it but
two. Several of our caissons were blown up by their rockets,
which did some injury and deprived our cannon of ammunition.
The lines were so near that cannon could not be used with
advantage. This morning General Ripley marched out our whole
force to the battle ground to bur}'- our dead and secure what
wounded were left. "The enemy had gotten many who were badly
wounded and left on the ground. He marched near their army,
but neither were disposed to engage.
We took about 200 non-commissioned officers and privates
108
prisoners, and 21 officers, including Major-General Riall, who was
wounded in the shoulder. They acknowledge Colonel Gordon of
the 100th and many other British officers killed, their rank yet un-
known. The enemy must have suffered very severely. Our loss is
immense, but was not known when I left the army this morning.
Copy of a Letter from an Officer in the Army to hf s friend in
Alexandria, dated Fort Erie, V. €., July S8.
(Niles Register, Vol. 6, p. JflJf.)
On the 23rd I found myself so far recovered as to join the
army at Queenston Heights, although that part of my foot w^hich
was fractured will never be of much service. On the 24th we re-
tired to ChippewH., and on liie 25th, at half -past 4 p. m., our first
Brigade, commanded by General Scott, engaged the enemy's advance
about 2^ miles from Chippewa. The main body of both armies
soon supported the advances, and a tremendous battle was fought,
lasting 5 hours and 23 minutes, mostly within half musket shot
and sometimes within pistol shot, which ended in the enemy's total
defeat, leaving 2 brass 24-pounders and 1 brass six-pounder in our
possession. We kept the battle ground until midnight, when, hav-
ing removed our wounded and part of our dead, we retired to
Chippewa, taking with us his bras^j 6-pounder. We were unable
to bring off his two 24-pounders from a want of horses, almost all
ours being killed, and oui p eces were generally taken off with
bricoles. The enemy's loss in killed, wounded and prisoners, must
be about 12 or 1300. Of prisoners we have taken Major-General
Riall, Gen. Drummond's aide-de-camp, IP officers anJ 350 or 400
men. His force engaged was, by their own account, about 4,500
regulars, besides his Indians, &c., commanded I y Lieut. -Gen. Drum-
mond and Maj.-Gen. Riall. We had not a;A Iniian engaged, and
our force did not exceed twenty-eight hundred men. Our loss is
severe. Generals Brown and Scott, and an aide of eiich with several
field officers, are wounded. Several other officers are killed, among
whom was my captain, (Ritchie.) He was wounded in the body,
but refused to quit his piece, when a cannon shot took most of his
head off All the men at his piece were killed or wounded. He
was brother to the editor of the Richmioyid Enquirer, and formerly
lived in Alexandria.
109
Extract of a Letter from an Officer to the Editor of the Buffalo
Gazette, July 31, 1814.
(Niles' Register, Vol. 6, p. 414-)
I have this moment seen your extra of July 28, giving an
account of the battle at Bridgewater, in which Captain Towson's
company of artillery is the only one mentioned.
It is due to Major Hindman's battalion to state that he advanc-
ed with the First Brigade. When the action commenced he returned
to camp and brought up Captains Biddle's and Ritchie's companies
to its support. It is to be regretted that the enemy's position did
not permit our artillery to be as destructive as his, but any credit
it may deserve should be shared by the companies mentioned.
Captain Ritchie was killed and Captain Biddle was twice
wounded.
The (Phila.) Democratic Press has the Following Letter from
Buffalo, dated July %9.
" Our killed were interred in one grave, and a sermon preaclied
over them by the Rev. David Jones, formerly chaplain to General
Wayne's army. The artillery which was taken from the enemy
was left behind in consequence of the horses being mostly killed.
Lieut. Gen. Drummond, as well as Maj.-Gen. Riall, had surrendered,
but it being 9 o'clock, and the enemy having possession of our
watchword, the Lieut.-Gen. escaped.
Another from Fort Erie, dated August 1, Informs :
" Our army still remains at this place, and are busily employed
in entrenching. The enemy's advanced parties are daily skirmish-
ing with our pickets and foraging parties. Nothing of material
consequence has as yet occurred. We have just received a rein-
forcement of about two hundred riflemen from Sackett's harbor.
I am happy tp find that our loss on the 25th ulfc. was not so great
as at first apprehended. The battle being fought at night, many of
men scattered and secreted themselves in the woods, and have not
until within a day or two all been collected.
Extract of a Letter Dated Buffalo, August 3, 11 a. m.
" The whole of the enemy's forces have moved up within about
one mile of our army. This morning at daylight he crossed over
about 500 men just below Black Rock ; his object was, no doubt, to
attack Buffalo and destroy our stores, etc. He was gallantly met
by 200 riflemen and a party of volunteers under Major Morgan.
110 ' :
After contending nearly five hours, he recrossed the Niagara.
The loss or gain iDy either party was not great. We lost two or
three men killed and several wounded. Capt. Hamilton is supposed
to be mortally wounded.
" We took several prisoners. The enemy's loss is much greater
than oui*8. The armies are still skirmishing."
From Niles' Register, Baltimore, Aug. 13. Vol. O, p. 415.
Gen. Brown has made a demand on Maj.-Gen. Hall for 1,000
militia. Gen. Hall has issued his orders for an immediate draft of
that number.
J^Bi'own's army was hourly receiving reinforcements. Brig.-
Gen, Gaines from Sackett's Harbor, an officer highly spoken of,
arrived at Buffalo about the 4th inst., and is supposed to have taken
the command at Fort Erie, which by great exertion has been made
a strong place. The corps of volunteei-s under Colonel Swift, late
at Lewiston, had ciossed and joined the army, as well as consider-
able bodies of regulars and militia. Twenty wagons laden with
bomb shells passed through Geneva for the frontier from the 1st to
the 3d inst. Capt. Kennedy with three of our vessels is at Fort
Erie ready to co-operate as occasion may re(]uire.
From the Vermont Historical Collections, Vol. VI, Page 510.
.(From the Northern Sentinel, Augast 19th, IS 14-)
Extract of a letter from an officer of the 11th Regiment to his
friend in Burlington, Vt., dated Buffiilo, 2nd August, 1814.
(Probably written by Lieut. F. A. Sawyer.)
" The* late engagement was probably the most sanguinary ever
fought on this continent. W^e engaged the enemy the 25th July, at
6 p. m., near the Falls of Niagara, and continued the fight till half-
past 11 at night, when by very inferior numbers the enemy was
compelled to retire, leaving us in quiet possession of the field of
battle.
The First Brigade, as usual, bore the brunt of the action. We
maintained our ground for an hour and a half against the whole
forces of the enemy, which were four times our number, before we
were supported by a solitary individual of Gens. Ripley's and
Porter's brigades. They, however, joined in time to prevent us
from being entirely cut up, and contributed a little in giving the
enemy a hearty drubbing.
On leaving camp no one anticipated a general engagement. It
was the impression that the brigade was ordered out to disperse
400 or 500, as it was supposed, of the enemy's militia and Indians,
Ill
who were hanging on the rear for the purpose of annoying our
piquets and kidnapping those who might be led by curiosity to visit
the Falls. As we advaaced a few of the enemy would form and
then retire. This manoeuvre was continued until we had advanced
within half musket shot of the enemy's lines, when the battle
commenced. The enemy's position was a moat excellent one. Their
line of infantry was posted behind a fence, which formed a semi-
circle and encompassed a field which our troops wore compelled to
accept of if they made the attack. Their flanks w( i-e protected by
woods filled with militia and Indians, and in their rear, at a desir-
able distance, was a height on which their artillery was planted.
Nature could not have formed a more advantageous position.
Under these disadvantages our troops attacked them. The 9th
and 25th were ordered to attack their flanks, while the lltli and
22nd met their front. We endeavored to form a line in the face
and eyes of all their infantry and artillery, but they opened such a
deadly and destructive fire upon us that we were compelled to
retire a few paces and form in the skirts of a wood, and before we
opened upon them more than two-thirds of the two regiments were
cut down. However, we then maintained our ground until a rein-
forcement joined us, when we advanced and drove the enemy in
every direction. Col. Miller with his regiment charged and took
their artillery, consisting of nine pieces, but they repossessed them-
selves (on the next morning, when our army had left the field,) of
all but two brass six-pounders. F'or an hour the two lines were
within four rods of each other, firing with as much deliberation as
if it had been a sham fight, and now and then for a change the
point of the bayonet was used. Here, for the fii*st time, I witnessed
a charge. It did not prove destructive enough. Towards the close
of the action, as there was hardly a company remaining of our
regiment and but one man in my platoon, I volunteered in the 9th,
and was assigned to Capt. Hull's company. He was killed in the
last charge we made upon the enemy. Capt. Pentland and two or
three subalterns were also wounded. The latter part of the action
was most severe. Gens. Brown and Scott remained untouched, as
well as the greater part of the field officers, until the action was
nearly at an end. This part of the action proved more destructive
to the enemy than to us, as our men did much better execution
when in close contact with them. Our fire at length proved so
destructive that the enemy's bugle sounded the retreat for the last
time, and our troops were left in undisturbed possession of the
heights. After having taken off" all our own and some of the
enemy's wounded, we were ordered to camp. It is a circumstance
much to be regretted that our troops did not keep possession of the
112
field until next morning, as it is believed it might have been etfected
without much hazard on our part, and then the enemy would not
have had the shadow of a claim to the victory, for never was an
enemy more completely beaten thai: in this action, nor never was
one gained by harder knocks. We may date all mishaps from the
time our beloved General (Scott) was wounded. None could fight
more gallantly than he. He had three horses shot under him.
Gen. Brown was brave, even to imprudence. He and Gen. Scott
were continually in front of the line encouraging the men, both by
example and precept. It would be impossible to give you an
account of the killed and wounded on their side, if it was proper.
Neither can I guess at it, though I am a Yankee. Of our regiment
is Capt, Goodrich killed ; Capt. Bliss, Lieuts. Hall, Cooper, Webster
and Stephenson, and Ensigns Thompson and Bradford wounded.
But two captains of our regiment were in the action. Capt.
Weeks, with five or six other officers of the regiment, were at Buf-
falo sick. Our company suffered more severely than any other one.
At the commencement of the action it was fifty strong, and next
morning but thirteen could be mustered for duty. Gen. Drum-
mond joined the enemy but an hour previous to the action, with
1,400 men. They had 800 or 1,000 more in the field than we did.
*From the Baltimore Federal Gazette.
(Issue of 6th August, ISlJf.)
Extract from a letter from J. B. Varnum to Abraham Bradley,
dated at Buffalo, 27th July, 1814:
" Our army behaved most gallantly, fought to desperation, but
the enemy was too numerous for them. Our First Brigade was
almost annihilated ; but one field officer escaped death or severe
wounds. It is impossible to say what is the full extent of our
loss. A small proportion of our wounded fell into the hands of the
enemy besides, I fear, some prisoners. The enemy was so severely
cut to pieces that they did not pursue our army.
Lieut. NacEwen to His Wife.
(From A. Brymners " Excerpts." )
Falls of Niagara, 29th July, 1S14.
I came here yesterday on my way to Fort Erie, where the
enemy is determined to make a stand. They have done a great deal
of harm in this part, and among the sufferers is poor Muirhead,
who has been burnt out of his house — Street's Mills and many
more.
113
From Niles* Register, HUh August, 1814.
Richmond, August 11.
A letter from Major Hindman of the United States Artillery,
after giving an account of the gallant conduct of Captain Ritchie
of that corps, who was killed in the battle of the 25th, says : " The
British General, Riall, our prisoner, has written for his (Captain R.'s)
sword and promises that I shall return it to his friends."
Colonel Hercules Scott, 103d Regt., to His Sister.
Falls of Niagara, 30th July, 1814.
My Dear Helen, — I am much to blame in thus long having
delayed replying to your several letters which I have from time to
time received, but for a long time past I have been so much
employed in one way or other I have not had a moment to myself.
For nearly a month past I have been lying in the woods ; the enemy
having entered this province in force, all the troops in the neighbor-
hood have taken the field. On the 5th of this month a severe
action was fought within about 5 miles of this place, wherein our
troops were defeated with a heavy loss. In the first action I was
not engaged, but we had another severe one on the 25th, when we
had rather the advantage. Thank God, I escaped with only the loss
of one horse shot under me. We have been following the enemy
and hope to drive them out of the country. I wish you were beside
me just now for 10 minutes just to see the grandest falls in the
world. No description that I have ever seen comes up in any
degree to the original. ♦ « * * *
Believe me, yours ever affectionately,
H. Scott.
Lieut. Wni. jHcEwen, Royal Scots, to Mrs. McEwen.
Street's Creek, 31st July.
This place from the quarters we occupied yesterday is one
continuous ruin. We have not seen a soul all the w^ay we have
come. We are making every preparation to move towards Fort
Erie, where the enemy is in considerable force waiting for one more
trial. If once more defeated here, they will be quiet for the
remainder of the summer.
From NUes' Register, 97th August, 1814.
Extract from a letter from General Scott, dated Williamsville,
August 2d, 1814: "I am doing pretty well under my wounds.
That in the shoulder (musket ball through the point of the left
114
shoulder and clavicle) gives me ^eat pain. I hope, however, to
recover the use of my arm, which is at present helpless. This
wound was received just at the close of the action."
Extract from a Letter fk'oin Sailing Master J. E. McDonald to
Capt. Kennedy, 11. S. Navy.
Erie, Pa., July 27, 1814.
Sir, — Agreeably to your instructions, I sailed on the 23d iust.
on board the schooner Diligence with sixteen volunteers, which,
with the six seamen fron) the Lady Frevont, made a party of 22
men, for Long Point. At daylight on the morning of the 25th I
landed, with 18 men. We ascended a high and steep bank and
advanced about half a mile into the country to Charlotteville, a
small village. At this place the enemy had commenced a very
large block house. We broke open the doors of an inn and the
iail and seized the jailor, from whom I was in hopes I should be
able to collect the information wanted. At this moment an alarm
gun was fired by the enemy, which was answered by several others.
We then retired with the jailor to the boat. When distant from
the shore about half a mile, nearly 300 of the enemy had collected
on the bank, which number seemed constantly increasing while we
were in sight.
Hon, James Fisk to the Secretary of War.
Barre, Vt., 27th June, 1814.
Sir, — I learn from unquestionable authority that droves of
cattle are continually passing from the northern parts of this State
into Canada to the British. This business is principally carried on
in that part of this State which lies east of Lake Memphramagog
and west of the Connecticut river, and can only be checked by an
armed force — probably one company of horse might be sufficient.
Whether the object be worthy of attention you must judge.
Major-General Izard to the Secretary of War. '^
(Extract.)
Camp Near Plattsburg, July 31, 1814.
The letter from Mr. Fisk of Vermont only confirms a fact
which is not only disgraceful to our countrymen but seriously detri-
mental to the public interest. From the St. Lawrence to the ocean
an open disregard prevails for the laws prohibiting intercourse with
the enemy. The road to St. Regis is covered with droves of cattle
and the river with rafts destined for the enemy. The revenue
116
officers see these things but acknowledge their inabiHty to put a
stop to such outrageous proceedings. On the eastern side of Lake
Charnplain the high roads are found insufficient for the supplies of
cattle which are pouring into Canada. Like herds of buffaloes, they
f)res8 through the forest making paths for themselves. The col-
ectors of Plattsburg and Burlington have applied to me for
assistance. I have offered to supply them with what men and
means they might require. Plans have been proposed and acceded
to. But when the time of execution arrives the civil officers decline
acting. Nothing but a cordon of troops from the French Mills to
Lake MemphramagOj^* could effectually check the evil. Were it not
for these supplies the British forces in Canada would soon be suffer-
ing from famine, or their government be subjected to immense
expense for their maintenance.
(From "Official Correspondence with the Department of War
relative to the military operations of the American army under
the command of Major-General Izard on the Northern frontier of
the United States in the years 1814 and ]815."
Philadelphia, 1816.)
Lt.-Gen. Druiiimond to Sir Creo. Prevost.
Headquarters, Niagara Falls, 31st July, 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of Your
Excellency's letter (duplicate) of the 20th, and your private com-
munication of the 23rd, the latter stating Your Excellency's view
in sending Major Coore to my headquarters.
In reply to the latter I beg briefly to state that in this quarter
the great object at present is the defeat and expulsion of the
enemy's force which has taken post at Fort Erie, and to this object
my sole attention must be given. I am sanguine that w^ith the
force I am collecting it will not be found difficult of attainment. I
have in the meantime been under the necessity of considerably
reducing the garrisons of the forts. Defended, however, by the
89th and 100th Regts., 4 companies of the 41st and 50 marines,
they are secure against a cou]^ de main. Moreover, if the enemy's
squadron should even make its appearance without a co-operating
army, and ignorant of the state of their garrisons, I much doubt
whether any force that might be embarked on board it would at
once proceed to attack the forts. I shall, of course, lose no time in
reinforcing those garrisons the moment my present object is accom-
plished, and if I am fortunate in my operations at Fort Erie this
whole frontier may be considered as secure, and I shall immediately
116
direct my attention to Burlington and York. With regard to
Kingston, I beg permission most earnestly to recommend to Your
Excellency to concentrate a very large force at that place, not alone
for the protection of that most important depot, but the moment
the squadron is ready to sail to strike that blow which can alone
extinguish the war in this province.
Maj.-Gen. Conran hav'ing joined this division, it will move for-
ward towards the enemy to-morrow.
Sir G. Drummond to Sir Geo. Prevost.
Headquarters, Camp Before
Fort Erie, 4th Aug., 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to acquaint Your Elxcellency that on
Monday the 1st I moved my headquarters to Palmer's, (halfway
betwixt Chippawa and Fort Erie,) and on the following morning,
the troops being closed up in the order directed in the accompany-
ing District General Order, I took up a position on the heights
opposite to Black Rock, the enemy retiring his picquets on the
approach of our advanced guards.
Previous to the advance of the brigades, I gave the instructions
of which I enclose a copy, to Maj. -General Conran for the crossing
of a detachment of 600 men to the right bank of the river for the
purpose of capturing or destroying the enemy's depots at Buffalo
and Black Rock. Had this service been effected, as I sanguinely
expected, the enemy's force shut up in Fort Erie would have been
compelled by want of provisions either to come out and fight or to
surrender it. I enclose Lt.-Col. Tucker's report, on which I do not
think it necessary to offer any other observation than that the dis-
embarkation was effected without the smallest opposition; the force
of the enemy which was distinctly seen from the heights on this
side the river did not exceed 150 or 200 men, chiefly militia and
Indians. The officers, I am happy to find, appear to have done their
duty.
The enemy having been put on his guard by thia movement
made against Black Rock, has in consequence increased his force at
that place arid Buffalo. Whatever furtlier movement I may be in-
clined to make on the right bank must be made in considerable force.
On the afternoon of yesterday I advanced the Light Brigade
under cover of the wood as close as possible to the fort and
position, of which I obtained a very tolerable reconnoissance. In ad-
dition to a breastwork and intrenchment by which the fort has been
connected with Snake Hill, the enemy has continued the north-
eastern demi-bastion of the fort down to the lake and mounted a.
117
considerable number of heavy guns along the whole face. Snake
Hill has also been fortified and armed with heavy guns, and the
wood round the whole position abbatied. Three armed schooners
are anchored off the place, so as to flank by their fire the roads both
above and below.
On mature consideration therefore, I have determined not to
assault the position until I have made some impression by guns of
proper battery calibre, which I have sent for from Fort George.
The fire of the long 24-pdrs, (iron) which I brought up with the
troops, and which was directed during the reconnoissance of yester-
day against the enemy's schooners and the fort, convinced me that
with the addition of those I have ordered up, viz. : a long 18-pdr.,
an 8-inch mortar and a 24-pdr. carronade, I shall be able to compel
the force shut up in Fort Erie to surrender, or attempt a sortie
which can onlj terminate in his defeat.
Should a favorable opportunity occur before my batteries are
established of attacking the place in any other manner, I shall avail
myself of it.
I have this morning detached an officer of the Quartermaster-
General's Department with a party of dragoons and a few mounted
men of the Glengarry Light Infantry by the road leading upon
Fort Erie by Bird's and Tyce Horn's, along the lake shore, to make
an accurate reconnoissance of the enemy's position.
Should the report be favorable to the enterprise I may prob-
ably be induced to assault the place at two points after I am joined
by the right wing of the Regt. De Watte ville, for which the
schooners have been sent to York, and I am in hourly expectation
of hearing of their arrival.
Capt. Dobbs, R. N., is with me with a party of about 30 sea-
men, and has already been of very essential service to the troops,
particularly in the enterprise against Black Rock yesterday.
I have been duly honored with Your Excellency's letter of the
25th ulto. The force recapitulated by Your Excellency as that of
the Right and Centre Divisions has a very formidable appearance
on paper. I regret, however, to be obliged to observe that the in-
efficient state and composition of many of the regiments are such
as to detract greatly from the confidence which their numbers might
otherwise inspire. It is my intention to write, when I have leisure,
more fully on this subject, and also, as soon as circumstances will
permit, to send down to Kingston several of the corps on this
frontier, which are entirely unfit for service in the field.
I transmit by ' ' is opportunity a letter which I had intended
to have forwarded some days ago by Major Coore. But that officer
having informed me that he has Your Excellency's confidential
118
instructions to remain here for some time, I have acceded to his
wishes to be permitted to do so.
(Secret.)
Headquarters, 2nd Aug., 1814.
Sir, — I am directed by Lieut.-Gen. Drummond to desire that
you will place the following force under the command of Lt.-Col.
Tucker, who must be instructed to hold it in readiness to embark
this evening in batteaux for the purpose of passing over and oper-
ating on the right bank of the river, viz :
Rank and File.
4 Battn. Companies, 41st Regft 240) t a /-< i t?
2 Flank " " " 14o|^^-^^^- ^''^""-
Lt.-Col. Drummond.
.380
Light Company, 89th Regt 63'
100th Regt 52
Flank Companies, 104th Regt 95,
210
I subaltern, a steady sergeant and 10
Arty 10
Total 600
6 or 8 guard rockets and one rocketeer.
The detachment of artillery to take with it a few 6 -pound
cartridges, port-fires and slow match, a smith with a sledge hammer,
and axes with spikes and everything necessary for effecting the
destruction of ordnance, and, (if necessary,) the burning of build-
ings, stores, and vessels.
This force will embark at 10 o'clock, as near to Frenchman's
Creek as may be considered prudent. It is desirable to land it as
near the foot of Squaw Island as possible. Proper pilots will be
put into the boats, and guides will be sent* to conduct the column,
which is to proceed with all possible silence and secrecy by the
right bank of Conguichity Creek to gain the road leading upon the
II Mile Creek from Buffalo, which place is to be the first attacked
and destroyed, and the l)oats and craft (if any) seized ; this (rapidly)
effected, the troops are to march upon Black Rock, attack whatever
force the enemy may have there and get possession of his guns
should he have any. Lt.-Col. Tucker will decide at the moment as
to the expediency of spiking, dismounting, or destroying their guns,
or manning them and serving them against the enemy's position or
119
corps or on the schooners which are anchored on his right flank
and which Capt. Dobbs of the Royal Navy with a party of seaman
under his command will make an attempt to gain. It is desirable
that Lt.-Col. Tucker should time his march so as to arrive at Buffalo
an hour before day in order, after effecting his object at that place,
to reach Black Rock just as the day begins to break, at which
moment the whole of the division on the left bank will move for-
ward towards Fort Erie for the purpose of favoring Lt.-Col.
Tucker's operations against Black Rock by preventing the enemy
from detaching troops to that bank. The destruction of the enemy's
depot of provisions and stores at Buffalo is the first object, the cap-
ture of the guns and dispersion or capture of his troops at Black
Rock, should he have either at that place, the second and scarcely
less important. By this blow, if effected, and particularly if his
stores and provisions fall into our hands, the enemy's force on this
side will not only be reduced to the necessity of fighting under
desperate circumstances or surrendering unconditionally, but it may
lead immediately to the re-establishment of our naval ascendancy
on Lake Erie.
The foregoing outline for Lieut.-Col. Tucker's operations is
made upon the supposition that his force is passed undiscovered,
and at least that his landing is effected without opposition. Should
this not be the case, however, and should Lt.-Col. Tucker find him-
self not only discovered but opposed on approaching the shore, or
attacked when landing, it may then become necessary for the Lieut.-
Colonel to change his plan of operations by beginning with Black
Rock, and afterwards, (if necessary,) proceeding to execute the
other objects of the service. Lt.-Col. Tucker will exercise his dis-
cretion in this as in every other contingency that may arise and
which may not have been contemplated in the proceeding
memorandum.
The next point to be considered is the disposal of the batteaux
after the troops are landed. The Lieut. -General conceives that they
cannot be better disposed of than by taking a station at Strawberry
Island or the lower end of Squaw Island, there to await the return
of the troops. Capt. Dobbs will avail himself of any favorable
opportunity which may offer of carrying into effect the enterprize
against any of the enemy's schooners.
Lt.-Col. Nichol, Quartermaster-General of Militia, will accom-
pany Lt.-Col. Tucker, who will not fail to derive the greatest benefit
from his valuable local knowledge and his zeal and ability.
J. Harvey,
Lt.-Col., D. A. G.
To Maj.-Gen. Conran.
120
Lt.-Col. Tucker to MaJ.-Cieii* Oonran.
Bivouac Near Ferry House, Aug. 4th, 1814.
Sir, — I am sorry to report to you that the force entrusted to
my command for purposes stated in the secret instructions with
which you did me the honor to furnish me on the evening of the
2nd inst. has failed in the attempt to accomplish the important and
very desirable object contemplated by Lieut-General Drummond,
owing to the enemy having destroyed the bridge over Conguichity
Creek prior to our arrival at that point and there being no possi-
bility of fording it. I lament to add that in exploring our situation
we have sustained a loss of one sergeant and 11 rank and file
killed, 17 wounded, and five missing.
I should have been less chagrined at our miscarriage could I
consistently, with matter of fact, commend the conduct of the
soldiers under my command. Unfortunately it becomes a painful
but very necessary duty to apprise you that the men displayed an
unpardonable degree of unsteadiness, without possessing one solitary
excuse to justify this want of discipline. The officers were per-
fectly unaware of the sudden impulse of panic which threw their
men into a tremendous confusion; their exertions and spirit, however,
succeeded in re-forming our column, and I am happy to express my
approbation of their conduct.
Lieut.-Col. Drummond commanded my advance and cheerfully
afforded every assistance that I could wish or expect from an officer
of zeal and judgment, nor am I less indebted to Lt.-Col. Evans, 41st
Regt., who had charge of the reserve. These officers perfectly con-
curred with me in opinion that the destruction of the bridge, the
position of the enemy, and the want of a proper guide to conduct
us tlirough an intricate wood, amply justified my withdi*awing
my force in the best possible manner, the wood being occupied
partially by the enemy, who was evidently collecting a large force
to retain the command of it, and who occupied two small redoubts
on the left bank of the creek, which were so situated as to obstruct
my advance by a footpath on the right bank, had one been dis-
covered or pointed out to me.
I have the honor to be, &c..
John Goulston Price Tucker.
Return of killed, wounded and missing of the 2d dcTni of the
Light or Reserve Brigade and 41st Regiment, under the command
of^Lieut.-Colonel Tucker, in an action on the 3d August, 1814 :
121
4l8t Companies.— Killed — 6 rank and file. Wounded — 9 rank
and file.
89th do.— None.
100th do. — Wounded — 3 rank and file.
' 104th do. — Killed — 1 sergeant, 5 rank and file. Wounded — 1
rank and file. Missing — 4 rank and file.
41st Regiment. — Wounded — 4 rank and file.
Major Morgan to MaJ.*€en. Brown.
Fort Erie, August ^th, 1814.
Sir, — Having been stationed with the 1st Battalion of the 1st
Regiment of riflemen at Black Rock, on the evening of the 22nd
instant, I observed the British army moving up the river on the
opposite shore, and suspecting they might make a feint on Fort
Erie with an intention of a real attack on the Butf'alo side, I im-
mediately nioved and took up a position on the upper side of Con-
jocta Creek, and that night threw up a battery of some logs which
I found on the ground and had them torn away. About 2 o'clock
the next morning my pickets from below gave me information of
the landing of 9 lx)ats full of troops, half a mile below. I immedi-
ately got my men (240 in number) to their quarters, and patientl}'^
awaited their approach. At a quarter past 4 they advanced upon
us and commenced the attack, sending a party before to repair the
bridge under cover of their fire. When they had got at good rifle
distance I opened a heavy fire on them, which laid a number of
them on the ground and coujpelled them to retire. They then
formed in the skirt of the woods and kept up the fi're at long shot,
continually reinforcing from the Canada shore, until they had 22
boat loads, and then attempted to flank us by sending a large body
up the creek to ford it, when I detached Lieutenants Ryan, Sm'th
and Armstrong with about 60 men to oppose their left wing, where
they were again repulsed with considerable loss, after which they
appeared disposed to give up their object and retreated by throwing
six boat loads of troops on Squaw Island, which enfiladed the creek
and prevented me from harassing their rear.
Their superior numbers enabled them to take their killed and
wounded off" the field, which we plainly saw, and observed they
suffered severely. We found some of their dead thrown into the
river and covered with logs and stones, and some on the field. We
also collected a number of muskets and accoutrements, with cloth-
ing that appeared to have been torn to bind their wounds. We
took six prisoners, who stated the British force opposed to us to con-
sist of from 12 to 1500 men, commanded by Lieutenant-Col Tucker
122
of the 4l8t Regiment. They also state that their object was to
recapture General Riall with other British prisoners, and destroy the
stores deposited at Buffalo. The action continued about two hours
and a half. I am happy to state they were completely foiled in
their attempts.
Our loss is trifling compared with theirs. We hsd two killed
and eight wounded. I am sorry to inform you that Captain
Hamilton, Lieutenants Wadsworth and Mcintosh are among the
latter. Their gallantry in exposing themselves to encourage their
men, I think, entitles them to the notice of their country. My
whole command behaved in a manner that merited my warmest
approbation, and in justice to them I cannot avoid mentioning the
names of the officers, which are as follows: — Captain Hamilton,
Lieutenants Wadsworth, Ryan, Calhoun, Mcintosh, Arnold, Short-
ridge, McFarland, Tipton, Arnistrong, Smith, Cobbs, Davidson and
Austin, with Ensign Page. If, sir, you believe we have done our
duty we shall feel highly gratified.
I am, sir, &;c.,
L. Morgan,
Major 1st Rifle Regiment.
Major-General Brown.
Brigadier-Gen. Ciaines to the Secretary of War.
Headquarters, Fort Erie,
* Upper Canada, Aug. 7th, 1814.
Sir, — I arrived at this post on the 4th instant and assumed the
command. The army is in good spirits and more healthy than I
could have expected.
The British aimy under Lieutenant-General Drummond is
strongly posted opposite to Black Rock, two miles east of the fort ;
a skirt of thick wood separates us. I yesterday endeavored to draw
him out to see and try his strength ; for this purpose I sent the rifle
corps through the intervening woods with orders to amuse the
enemy's light troops until his strong column should get in motion,
and then to retire slowly to the plain this side the woods, where I
had a strong line posted in readiness to receive the enemy. Our
riflemen met and drove the enemy's light troops into their lines,
where they remained, although the riflemen kept the woods near
two hours and until they were ordered in. They returned without
being able to draw any part of the enemy's force after them.
Major Morgan reports that his officers and men acted with
their usual gallantry. The enemy left 11 dead and three prisoners
in our hands, and I am informed by two' persons just from the
123
•
British camp that their loss was much more considerable; among
their killed were five Indiana. We lost five killed and three or
four wounded.
General Drummond's force, from the best information we are
able to collect from deserters and others, amounts to upwards 4,000,
principally regulars. De Watteville's regiment has joined since the
battle of the 25th ultimo, together with two or three companies of
the Glengarry corps, making a total joined since the 5th of
about 1,200.
August 11th, 1814.
The enemy's position remains unchanged. They have con-
structed two batteries with two embrasures each, and have erected
a wooden breastwork 1200 to 1400 yards in our rear. In examin-
ing their works yesterday. Captain Birdsall of the 4th Rifle Regi-
ment, with a detachment of the 1st and his company, amounting in
the whole to 160 men, beat in two of their strong pickets with a
loss on their part of 10 killed. Captain Birdsall ihad one killed and
three wounded. General Drummond was much disappointed
and chagrined at the failure of the enterprise of the 3rd instant
against Buffalo, our riflemen having opposed and beaten him.
Colonel Tucker, it seems, has been reprimanded in General Orders
I have, &c.,
Edmund P. Gaines.
To the Secretary of War.
From Niles' Register, Vol. 6, P. 4^8.
August 20th, 1814.
Brig.-Gen. Gaines arrived at Fort Erie on the 5th. Some rifle-
men and other detached parties had gone over. Fort Erie is strong,
and our men are full of spirits and confidence. We have no official
particulars of the great battle; the account has possibly gone to the
enemy with the post-rider from Buffalo. One private letter says
the cannon we took in that affair were rolled into the Niagara.
The enemy having been disappointed in gaining Buffalo, made
a movement on our position at Fort Erie. They opened a fire on
the fort from a large piece of artillery placed on the point about a
mile below, which was answered from the fort and a schooner in
the harbor. The enemy attacked our picquets with a large force,
and marched into the open ground in the rear of the fort, and com-
menced a heavy fire of musketry, which was warmly returned, and
a brisk discharge from several pieces of artillery soon compelled him
to retreat in great confusion, leaving a number of his men on the
124
field as the price of his temerity. The actual loss of the enemy
we have not ascertained. We had a few wounded.
Sir Ci. Drnmmond to Sir Cleo. Prevost.
Camp Before Fort Erie, 8th Aug., 1814.
Sir, — Immediately after the dispatch of the Deputy- Adjutant-
General's letter to Colonel Baynes, respecting the unfortunate ac-
cident which Maj.-Gen. Conran met with, and the appearance of the
enemy's fleet olf Niagara, a sharp affair of outposts took place,
the enemy having thrown the whole of his riflemen into the woods
in front of his position for the purpose of driving away the
Indians, the latter having retired precipitately on. the advance of
the rifles, some of our most advanced picquets also fell back. On
being supported, however, by the Glengarry Light Infantry in the
first instance, and subsequently by the reserve, the enemy was
driven back and our advanced posts quickly re-occupied. I enclose
a return of casualties on this occasion.
During this operation the enemy's schooners cannonaded our
position, and one of his 32-pdr. shot having struck close to myself
and the Deputy-Adjutant-Geueral, I am sorry to say Lt.-Col.
Harvey received a severe wound from one of the splinters, which
will, I fear, deprive him of the use of one of his eyes for a few
days.
In consequence of the very exposed situation in which we have
been compelled from the nature of the ground to place our breach-
ing battery, of which the accompanying sketch will give Your
Excellency some idea. I felt convinced that it would be risquing the
safety of the guns to arm the battery until a traverse had been
thrown up in the front and an abbattis on the flanks, to protect it
against a sortie, which the enemy would otherwise have the op-
portunity of making against it with his whole force. The engineer
and an officer of the Quartermaster-General's department have ac-
cordingly been employed on it, and I am in hopes that by this night
the battery will be in a state of sufficient security to admit my
placing the guns in it. Your Excellency will perceive, however, by
a glance at the sketch, that from the position of the enemy's
schooners on its flank and the battery at Black Rock in its re§ir, a
traverse in both these directions is also necessary, for although the
enemy has not as yet shewn any gims at Black Rock we have no
reason to believe he will refrain from availing himself of that
position.
I hope to be able to open this battery to-morrow morning, and
if a good effect is produced and no unfavorable circumstances occur,
126
I shall probably risque an assault upon the place on the following
morning, the 10th. My present idea is to make the principal attack
with the 2nd Brigade, consisting of the King's and De Watteville'a
Regts., under Lt.-Col. Fischer, upon the right of the enemy's position
by the lake road, on which side I have hitherto carefully refrained
from making any demonstration, and have reason to believe that
the whole of the enemy's attention has been drawn to his left. If
Li/.-Col. Fischer succeeds in gaining possession of Snake Hill I
cannot doubt of our success; but Your Excellency may be assured
that I shall well weigh the risque and consequences of failure
against the chances of success before I commit this division of the
troops by an attempt which, considering the strength of the enemy's
position and the number of men and guns by which it is defended,
must certainly be considered as one of great hazard.
I enclose Your llixcellency the latest report from Lt.-Col.
Warburton, which is dated at 4 o'clock this morning, at which time
the enemy's fleet was standing down the lake without having
attempted anything against the forts or vessels in the river. I
regret to find that His Majesty's schooner Macjnet, which had not
been able to enter the river Niagara on the appearance of the
enemy's squadron and which had in consequence been run ashore at
the 10 Mile Creek, has been burnt by her commander. To me this
appears to have been an act of unpardonable precipitation, Lt.-Col,
Warburton having moved a field-piece and troops to her support.
But I am not yet in possession of the whole of the circumstances ;
however, I trust and believe that the whole of her stores, &c., have
been landed and saved.
I omitted to mention, I believe, to Your Excellencey, that on
the firat appearance of the enemy's fleet I ordered Col. Grant to
detach one wing of his regiment to Burlington, remaining with the
other himself at York, by which means the security of both places
has been effectually provided for.
With a view to the attack contemplated above, I have moved
up the remainder of De Watteville's regiment from the forts, and
sent the battalion companies of the 41st to replace them.
The troops have hitherto supported the privations and hard'
ships of this severe service with great constancy and cheerfulness,
and I am happy to say very few desertions have taken place.
Those from the enemy to us have been numerous, and, what is re-
markable, three of our deserters serving in the enemy's rifle corps
have just come in. I have pardoned these men. They state a
circumstance which I have strong reason for believing to be a fact,
viz: That in the night action of the 25th ulto., their boasted Ist
Brigade laid down their arms and called out that they had sur-
126
rendered. This being believed by us to be a ruse de guerre was not
attended to, our fire resumed and the enemy compelled to save them-
selves by flight.
P. S. — I have considered it necessary to order the 6th Regt. to
this frontier.
Commodore Chauncey to the Secretary of the Navy,
U. S. S. Superior, off Kingston,
August 10, 1814.
Sir, — Great anxiety of mind and severe bodily exertions have
at length broken down the best constitution, and subjected me to a
violent fever that confined me for 18 days. This misfortune was
no more to be foreseen than prevented, but was particularly severe
at the moment it happened, as it induced a delay of five or six days
in the sailing of the fleet.
In the early part of July I expected that the fleet would be
made ready by the 10th or 15th, but many of the mechanics were
taken sick, and among them the blockmakers and blacksmiths, so
that the NoJiawk could not be furnished with blocks and iron work
for her gun and spar decks before the 24th or 25th ult., when she
was reported by Capt. Jones. As considerable anxiety was mani-
fested by the public to have the fleet on the lake, I should have
asked Capt. Jones to have taken charge of it, but I was then re-
covering my health and was confident I should be able in three or
four days to go on board myself. There was an additional reason
for submitting to this delay in the difficulty I found in making the
changes of commanders, neither of them being willing to be separ-
ated from his officers and men, a change of crews through the fleet
being inadmissible.
In the afternoon of the 31st July, I was taken on board, but
it was calm, and I did not sail before the next morning. To satisfy
at once whatever expectations the public had been led to entertain
of the sufli(3iency of the squadron to take and maintain the as-
cendency on this lake, and at the same time to expose the falsity of
promises the fulfilment .of which had been rested on our appear-
ance at the head of the lake, I got under way at 4 o'clock in the
morning of the 1st inst. and steered for the mouth of the Niagara.
Owing to light winds, I did not arrive there before the 5th. There
we intercepted one of the enemy's brigs running from York to
Niagara with troops, and drove her ashore alwut six miles to the
westward of Fort George. I ordered the Sylph in to anchor as
near to the enemy as she could with safety, and destroy her. Capt.
Elliot ran in in a very gallant manner to within from 300 to 500
127
yards of her, and was about anchoring, when the enemy set fire to
ner and she soon after blew up. This vessel was a schooner the
last year, and called the Beresford; since they attired her to a brig
they changed her name, and I have not been able to ascertain it.
She mounted 14 guns, twelve 24-pound carronades and two long 9-
pounders.
Finding the enemy had two other brigs and a schooner in the
Niagara river, I determined to leave a mrce to watch them, and
selected the Jefferson, Sylph and Oneida for that purpose, and
placed the whole under the orders of Capt. Ridgely. Having
looked into York without discovering any vessel of the enemy, I
left Niagara with the remainder of the squadron on the evening of
the 7th and arrived here the 9th. We found one of the enemy's
ships in the offing, and chased her into Kingston.
My anxiety to return to this end of the lake was increased by
the knowledge I had of the weakness of Sackett's Harbor, and the
apprehension that the enemy might receive large reinforcements at
Kingston, and embarking some of the troops on board his fleet
make a dash at the harbor and burn it with my stores in our
absence. When I left the harbor there were but about 700 regular
troops fit for duty. It is true a few militia had been called in, but
little could be expected of them should an attack be made. My
apprehension, it seems, was groundless, the enemy having contented
himself with annoying, in some trifling degree, the coasters between
Oswego and the harbor, in his boats.
I cannot forbear expressing my regi'et that so much sensation
has been excited in the public mind because this squadron did not
sail so soon as the wise-heads that conduct our newspapei-s have
presume to think I ought. I need not suggest to one of your ex-
perience that a man-of-war may seem to the eye of a landsman
perfectly ready for sea when she is deficient in many of the most
essential points of her armament, nor how unworthy I should have
proved myself of the high trust reposed in me had I ventured to
sea in the face of an enemy of equal force without being able to
meet him in one hour after my anchor was weighed.
It ought in justice to be recollected that the building and
equipment of vessels on the Atlantic are unattended by any of the
great difficulties which we have to encounter on the lakes ; there
every department abounds in facilities. A commander makes a
requisition, and articles of es'ery description are furnished in twelve
hours; but this fleet has been built and furnished in the wilderness,
where there are no agents and chandlers, shops and foundries, &c.,
&c., to supply our wants, but everything is to be created, and yet 1
shall not decline a comparison with anything done on the Atlantic
.^_^jj^^
128
m
in the building and e(iuipinent of vessels. The Ouerriere, for in-
stance, has been building and fitting upwards of twelve months in
the city of Philadelphia, and is not yet ready. The President went
into the navy yard at New York for some partial repairs a few
days after the keel of the Superior was laid, since then two
frigates of a large class unil two sloops of the largest class have
been built and fitted here, and have sailed before the President is
ready for sea, although every article of their armament and
rigging has been transported from New York in despite of obstacles
almost insurmountable. I will go further, sir, for it is due to the
unremitted and unsurpassed exertions of those who have served the
public under my command, and will challenge the world to produce
a parallel instance in which the same number of vessels of such
dimensions have been Vmilt and fitted in the same time by the same
number of workmen.
I confess that I am mortified in not having succeeded in satis-
fying the expectations of the public, but it would be infinitely more
painful could I find any want of zeal or exertion in my endeavors
to serve tliem to which I could in any degree impute their
disappointment.
Umted States Ship Superior, off Kingston,
August 10th, 1814.
Sir, — I have been duly honored with your letters of the 19tli
and 24th of July. I do assure you, sir, that I have never been
under any pledge to meet General Brown at the head of the lake ;
but, on the contrary, when we parted at Sackett's Harbor I told
him distinctly that I should not visit the head of the lake unless
the enemy's fleet did. I can ascribe the intimation of General
Brown, that he expected the co-operation of the fleet, to no other
motive than a cautious attempt to provide an apology to the public
against any contingent disaster to which his army might be
exposed.
But, sir, if any one will take the trouble to examine the topo-
graphy of the peninsula, (the scene of the General's operations) he
will discover that this fleet could be of no more service to General
Brown and his army than it could to an army in Tennessee.
General Brown has never been able to penetrate nearer to Lake
Ontario than Queenston, and the enemy is in possession of all the
intermediate country, so that I could not even communicate with
the army but by a circuitous route of 70 or 80 miles.
Admitting General Brown could have invested Fort George,
the only service he could have derived from the fleet would have
120
been our preventing the supplies of the enemy from enterinjf the
Niagara river, for the water is so shallow that large vessels could
not approach within two miles of their works. General Brown had
therefore two abundantly sufficient reasons for not expecting the co-
operation of this fleet ; it was not promised him, and was chimerical
in itself.
My fixed determination has always been to seek a meeting
with the enemy the moment the fleet was ready, and to deprive
him of any apology for not meeting me. I have sent four guns on
shore from the Supervjr to reduce her armament in number to an
equality with the Prince Regent's, yielding the advantage of their
68-pounders. The Mohawk mounted two guns less than the
Princess Charlotte, and the Montreal and Niagara are equal to the
General Pike and Madison. I have detached on separate service
all the brigs, and am blockading his four ships with our four ships
in hopes that this may induce him to come out.
Commodore Chauncey to General Brown.
United States Ship Supemoi\ off Kingston,
August 10, 1814.
Sir, — Your letter of the 13th ult. was received by me on a sick
bed, hardly able to hear it read, and entirely unfitted to reply to it.
I, however, requested General Gaines to acquaint you with my
situation, the probable time of the fleet's sailing and my views of
the extent of its co-operation with the army.
From the tenor of your letter it would appear that you had
calculated much upon the co-operation of the fleet. You cannot
surely have forgotten the conversation we held on this subject at
Sackett's Harbor previous to your departure for Niagara. I then
professed to feel it my duty as well as inclination to afford every
assistance in my power to the army, and to co-operate with it
whenever it could be done without losing sight of the great object
for which this fleet had been created — to wit, the capture or
destruction of the enemy's fleet; but this was a primary object,
would be first attempted, and that you mast not expect the fleet at
the head of the lake unless that of the enemy should induce us to
follow him there.
I will not suffer myself to believe that this conversation was
misunderstood or has siiice been forgotten. How then shall I
account for the intimation thrown out to the public in your des-
patch to the Secretary of War, that you expected the fleet to co-
operate with you ? Was it friendly or just or honorable, not only
to furnish an opening for the public, but thus to assist them to
130
infer that I hacl pledged myself to meet you on a particular day at
the head of the lake for the purpose of co-operation, and in case of
disaster to your army to turn their resentment from you, who are
alone responsible, upon me, who could not by any possibility have
prevented or retarded even your discomfiture ? You well know,
sir, that the fleet could not have rendered you the least service dur-
ing your late incursion u^ )n Upper Canada. You have not been
able to approach Lake Ontario on any point nearer than Queenston,
and the enemy were then in possession of all the country between
that place and the shore of Ontario, and I could not even conununi-
cate with you without making a circuit of 70 or 80 miles. I would
ask, of what possible use the fleet would have been to you in
threatening or investing Fort George when the shallowness of
water alone would prevent an approach with these ships within
two miles of that fort or Niagara ? To pretend that the fleet could
render the least assistance in your projected capture of Burlington
Heights, on your route to Kingston, is still more romantic, for it is
well known the fleet could not approach within 9 miles of those
Heights.
That you might And the fleet somewhat of a convenience in
the transportation of provisions and stores for the use of the army,
and an agreeable appendage to attend its marches and counter-
marches, I am ready to believe, but, sir, the Secretary of the Navy
has honored us with a higher destiny — we are intended to seek and
to fight the enemy's fleet. This is the great purpose of the govern-
ment in creating this fleet, and I shall not be diverted in my eflbrts
to eflectuate it by any sinister attempt to render us subordinate to
or an appendage of the army.
We have one common object in the annoyance, defeat and
destruction of the enemy, and I shall always cheerfully unite with
any military commander in the prosecution of that object.
Colonel Hercules Scott to His B^ '« 1 er.
Bef(1he Fort Erie, 12th August, 1814.
My Dear James, — I shall now give you a short account of our
military transactions in this quarter. About 5 weeks ago the enemy
crossed over into this Province at Fort Erie with about 6,000 men
with 12 pieces of cannon. General Riall, who commanded at Fort
George, marched out to meet them, with only 1,500 men. He
attacked the enemy near Chippawa, and after a severe action was
defeated, with the loss of 700 killed, wounded and missing. This
action was ill-advised and the movements ill-executed. After this
action General R. returned to Fort George, which the enemy in-
131
vested, but in a partial manner. Reinforcements arriving fronr
below he came out of the Fort and marched towards Burhngton,
where I had assembled a considerable force and advanced to meet
him. Finding that we had been reinforced, the enemy retired and
we followed them. On the 25th of last month they attacked our
advanced guard in the evening. This brought on an action, which
began about 7 in the evening and lasted till 11 at night. The
enemy made several severe and determined attacks and were as.
often repulsed. In the last they gained possession of 5 out of 7 of
our guns, but the fire kept upon them was so severe that it after-
wards appeared they had not been able to carry them off, for we
found them next morning on the spot they had been taken. No
boast of a " Great Victory," but in my opinion it was nearly equal
on both sides. Their loss in men was equal ours — 878 killed,
wounded and missing, besides 61 officers. We found on the field
five of the enemy's iron guns, and they carried off one of our brass
O-pounders. The troops engaged behaved well, particularly the
89th Regt., with small detachments of the Royals, 8th, and 108rd.
These were in the action during the whole time and lost more than
one-half the number they had in the field. Gen. Drummond com-
manded in the action, but I am sorry to hhv I could not then or
now observe the smallest appearance of generalship. I fear he has
got his connnand, like many others, from tlie interest of friends, not
from his own merit. Since the action the enemy have retired to
Fort Erie. We have advanced within tv/o miles, and after innmner-
able delays have in 9 dayi^ constructed a J^ gun battery, whicii I
expect will open to-morrow, but in my opinion- is not ade(iuate to
the reduction of the place. Time will show how we get on. We
had a severe loss the other day in Gen. Conran. He had only joined
a few days when we were deprived of his valuable ser/ices by a
fall from his horse. He broke his leg. In the few days he was
with the the army he had gained the esteem and confitlence of every
officer and man in the army. We are since the above accident again
under the immediate ctmimand of Gen. Drummond. For one I can
safely say, njy confidence is gone. B^or my part I like to see a
General that can first form a plan an<l then has steadiness to carry
his plan into execution. Thank God, I have hitherto escapeil. I
had only one horse shot under me on the 25th. I shall write you
again soon, but probably shall have another brush first in storming
this same Fort Erie. Should I fall I have to request that you will
give to Archibald five hundred a year to enable him, when he thinks
proper, to live in his own country. I have made no will since I
have been in this country. I made one in India but do not know
what is become of it, so that it will entirely depend on yourself if
132
you comply with my request or not. I also wish you to ^ve one
thousand each to Helen and David. I have some funds in this
country but cannot at present say the amount. I shall leave a
memorandum for some one here to have my accounts settled and
the balance remitted through my friend, Mr. Mure of Quebec, who
has some of my baggage in his charge.
Since writing the above our battery has opened against the
Fort, and continued the whole of yesterday without having the
smallest effect. It is at much too great a distance. I expect we
shall be ordered to storm to-morrow. I have little hope of success
from this manoeuvre. I shall probably write you more, that is, if
I get over this present business.
My dear James, yours ever sincerely,
, H. S.
14th Augt.
Lt.-Cten. Drummond to 8ir George Prevost.
Headquarters,
Camp Beb^ore Fort Erie, 12th Aug., 1814.
I had hoped to have been able this morning to have tried the
effect of the guns, which have been placed in battery against the
enemy's fort and schooner, but the very limited means at the dis-
posal of the engineer officers, and the absolute necessity of con-
structing a traverse in the rear of the battery against any guns the
enemy may have at Black Rock, and of throwing a strong abbattis
in front of the battery, and securing it on its flanks by similar
abbattis against a sortie which the enemy would have it in his
power to make upon it with his whole force, together with other
circumstances connected with the enterprise which Capt. Dobbs of
tlie Royal Navy, with a party of seamen and marines, will this night
undertake against the enemy's schooners, have induced me to defer
opening the guns until to-morrow morning.
The enemy has unavoidably had so much time for preparation,
and ha^ in his position so considerable a number of heavy guna,
that I much fear we shall find the fire of our battery unable to
effect much. * That of his schooners, if Capt. Dobbs succeeds, will
be removed or perhaps turned in our favor, but we shall still be
exposed to the enemy's batteries at Black Rock should he, as is con-
fidently believed, have established any on that commanding ridge.
From the nature of the ground in front of Fort Erie, Your Excel-
lency must be aware, that without cutting down an immense tract
of forest wood it would not be possible to establish my batteries in
any situation that would not be taken in reverse from batteries at
133
Black Rock. I am, however, far from approving of the site on
which the battery has been placed by Capt. Romilly, and I have
had reason in other respects to be so little satisfied with that officer
in the field that I have sent him to Fort George to superintend the
duties of the Engineer Department at that post, Lieut. Philpot,
assisted by Lieut. Portlock, Royal Engineers ; by Lieut. Stevens,
Royal Marine Artillery, and by Capt. Barney, 89th Regt., whom I
have for the moment attached to the Engineer Department, has
conducted the works much to my satisfaction, and should it be
found necessary to change the situation of the battery I feel con-
fident in its being quickly and ably efiected by thene officers.
The eneniy makes daily effiDrts with his riflemen to dislodge our
advanced picquets and to obtain a reconnoissance of what we are
doing. These attacks, tho' feeble and invariably repulsed, yet
harass our troops and occasion us some loss. I enclose returns of
those of the 10th and of this day. Your Excellency will observe
with concern that on both occasions we have lost an officer killed.
I am happy to report that on ever}'^ occasion the troops show great
steadiness, and invariably inflict a loss on the enemy more consider-
able than their own. The Indians went forward with great spirit
the day before yesterday, and in the aflair of this day it has just
been reported to me they surprised, took, and scalped every man
of one of the enemy's picquets.
I cannot forbear of taking this occasion of expressing to Your
Excellency my most marked approbation of the uniform exemplary
good conduct of the Glengarry Light Infantry and Incorporated
Militia, the former under command of Lt.-Col. Battersby, and the
latter under Major Kerby : of the services of the latter officer, I
regret to say that I have this day been deprived by two wounds,
which I trust will prove slight. These two corps have constantly
been in close contact with the enemy's outposts and riflemen during
the severe service of the la«t fortnight ; their steadiness and
gallantry as well as their superiority }is light troops have on every
occasion been conspicuous.
I am sorry to acquaint Your Excellency that Colonel Stuart of
the Royal Scots, whom I had ordered up from York on my being
deprived of Major-General Conran's services to assist in the
direction of the details of this division, and who arrived here yes-
terday, is this day attacked with ague and so ill as to be unable to
leave his bed. I particularly regret this in cons'^quence of the
extraordinary circumstance of Colonel Scott, the next senior officer,
having begged permission to resign the command of the briga4le to
whiclrhe had been appointed and to serve in command of his regi-
ment, under a junior officer. I can therefore derive no assistance
134
from that officer. I am very anxious thLt another General officer
should be sent up to this Province as soon as possible.
I have ordered up the 82nd Regt. from York as soon as the
first division of the 6th approaches that place.
Commodore Chauncey has left three of his brigs to watch our
vessels in the Niagara. They continue cruising off that place.
To-morrow I hope to be able to make a satisfactory communi-
cation to Your Excellency of the result of Capt. Dobbs' attempt
against the enemy's schooners off Fort Erie, and of the effect pro-
duced by the fire of our battery.
I fear I have omittpd to represent to Your Excellency the very
great assistance which this division of the army has derived from
the detachment from H. M. squadron on Lake Ontario, consisting of
the Star and Gharwell brigs, and Netley and Magnet schooners,
under Captain Dobbs, R. N. Without their valuable aid in the
transport of troops and stores I certainly should not have been able
to have attempted offensive operations so soon after my arrival. I
feel infinite obligations to Sir James Lucas Yeo for his prompt
acquiescence in my request to him to detach these vessels, and I feel
the appointment of an officer of such conciliating manners and
such zeal and professional ability as Capt. Dobbs to command as an
additional favour. Everything is to be expected from the gallantry
and exertions of Capt. Dobbs and the party of seamen and marines
who have undertaken the enterprise alluded to in the former part
of this letter, and who have on every occasion been most forward in
volunteering on any service in which they could be useful.
P. S. — Since writing the above the enemy has opened two
guns from Black Rock, by the fire of which one sergeant has been
killed and four men wounded, of the 2nd Brigade.
G. D.
Lt.-Geii. Druinmond to Sir Geo. Prevost.
Camp Before Fort Erie, 13th Aug., 1814.
Sir, — I have great satisfaction in acquainting Your Excellency
with the capture of two of the three armed schooners which were
anchored off Fort Erie, and which very niucli annoyed our left
flank. This enterprise wjis executed in very gallant style by Capt.
Dobbs and a party of about 70 seamen and marines, who embarked
last night in six batteaux which I had caused to be carried across
to Lake Erie for that purpose. I enclose a copy of an order which
I have given on the occasion.
I have this morning opened the fire of the battry on Fort Erie,
and, although the distance is found to l>e gi'eat, I hope a sufficient
effect will be produced.
135
Morning District General Order.
Headquarters,
Camp before Fort Erie, 13th Aug., 1814.
Lieut.-Gen. Drummond congratulates the army on the brilliant
achievement executed last night by Capt. Dobbs of the Royal Navy
and a party of 70 seamen and marines, who in the most gallant
style boarded and after a short struggle carried two of the enemy's
armed schooners, anchored close to Fort Erie. Accident alone pre-
vented the capture of the third schooner. Those captured are the
Somers and Ptyrcupine. The former mounts two long 12-pounders,
the latter one 12. They were connnanded by lieutenants, and had
on board 35 men each. The Lieut.-General laments to find that
Lieut. RadclifFe, commander of H. M. schooner Netley, has fallen on
this occasion. He will be buried at 12 o'clock, with such marks of
respe< as circumstances will permit. Besides Mr. RadclifFe our loss
has been only one seaman killed and four wounded. The enemy's
loss was one seaman killed, three officers and four seamen wounded.
The whole enterprise reflects the greatest credit on the ability and
spirit of Capt. Dobbs and the gallant party under his command.
The Lieut.-General felt convinced that it could not fail, from the
spirited manner in which it was undertaken. He takes this occa-
sion of informing the troops tliat he has a similar service for them
to execute, and he invites corps and individuals desirous of volun-
teering their services on the occasion to intimate their wishes with-
out delay through their respective Brigadiers to the Deputy-
Adjutant-General, for the information of the Lieut.-General com-
manding.
This Order to be read to the corps immediately.
J. Harvey,
Lt.-Col., D. A. G.
Captain Alexander Dobbs, R. N., to ftiir James L. Yeo.
Niagara River Near Fort Erie,
SoTiiers Schooner, Aug. 13th, 1814.
Sir, — Having succeeded in getting my gig and five batteaux
across from the Niagara River to Lake Erie, a distance of eight
miles by land, I last night attacked the throe enemy's schooners
that had anchored close to Fort Erie for the purpose of flanking
the approaches to that fort. Two of them were carried sword in
hand in a few^ minutes, and the third would certainly have followed
had not the cables been cut, which made us drift to leeward of her
among the rapids. The schooners taken are the Ohio and Soniers,
commanded by lieutenants and mounting three long 12-pounder8,
136
with a complement of 35 men each. My gallant friend, Lieut. Rad-
cliffe, and one seaman fell in. the act of boarding, which with four
wounded is our loss. The enemy had one man killed and seven
wounded ; among the latter is Lieut Conkling, commanding the
squadron, ajs well as two of his officere. The steady and gallant
conduct of the officers, seamen and marines employed on this service
was such as to have insured me success against a greater force, and
has called forth a very handsome General Order from His Honour,
Lt.-Gen. Drummond. I beg leave particularly to mention Mr.
Grinded, mate of the 8tai\ and Mr. Hyde, mate of the Cfiarwell,
not only for their gallant conduct in the attack, but for their skill
in bringing the vessels into this river through shoals and rapids and
under a constant and heavy tire.
Killed and wounded in an attack on two of the enemy's
schooners under Fort Erie on the night of Aug. 12th :
Killed — C. Radcliffe, acting commander, and J. Acton, seaman.
Wounded — J. Hudson and J. Bowen, seamen; T. Roach and J.
Dickson, private marines.
Lieut. Conkling to Captain Kennedy.
Fort Erie, Upper Canada, August 16th, 1814.
Sir, — With extreme regi-et I have to make known to you the
circumstances attending the capture of the Ohio and Somers. On
the night of the 12th between the hours of 10 and 12 the boats
were seen a short distance ahead of the Somers and were hailed
from that vessel ; they answered "provision boats," which deceived
the officers on the deck, as our army boats had been in the habit of
passing and repassing through the night, and enabled them to drift
athwart his hawser and cut his cables, at the same time pouring in
a heavy fire before he discovered who they were. Instantaneously
they were alongside of me, and notwithstanding my exertions,
aided by Mr. McCally, acting sailing master, (who was soon dis-
abled,) I was unable to repulse them but for a moment. I main-
tained the quarter deck until my sword fell in consequence of a
shot in the shoulder, and all on deck either wounded or surrounded
with bayonets. As their force was an overwhelming one I thought
further resistance vain, and gave up the vessel, with the satisfaction
of having performed my duty and defended my vessel to the last.
137
List of Killed and Wonnded.
Ohio.
Killed — John Fifehill, boatswain's mate, shot through the body.
Wounded — Reuben Wright, shot through the arm.
Sailing-Master McCally, shot through the tliigh and bayonetted
through the foot.
Sergeant Eastman of the 11th Regiment of the army, wounded
in the neck by a musket ball.
Granger, 11th Regiment., wounded in the arm.
Wreath, 11th Regiment, wounded in the arm.
Whillers, 21st do., wounded, cut in the arm.
Scrmera.
Wounded — Samuel Taylor, shot in the arm and cut in the head,
Charles Ordean, cut in the shoulder ; also one of the Ohio's
marines, whose name the sergeant cannot find, now in the hospital,
badly wounded.
The enemy's loss in killed and wounded is much more consider-
able. Amongst the killed is the commanding officer of the Netley,
(lying here,) Captain RatclifF; he fell in attempting to come over
my quarters. Notwithstanding the number of muskets and pistols
which were tired, and the bustle inseparable from enterprises of
this kind, neither the fort nor the Porcupine attempted to fire as
we drifted past them, nor did we receive a shot until past Black
Rock, though they might have destroyed us with ease.
Respectfully your obedient servant,
A. M. CONKLING.
p. S. — We expect to be sent to Montreal, and perhaps to
Quebec, directly.
General Ciaines to the Secretary of War.
Headquarters, Fort Erie, August 13th. 1814.
Sir, — It has become my painful duty to announce to you the
loss of that brave and excellent officer. Major Morgan of the Ist
Rifle Regiment. He fell at the head of his corps in an atfair with
the enemy on the 12th instant, after a display of gallantry worthy
of the corps and meriting the gratitude of his country.
I had desired him to send a detachment of from 80 to 100 men
to cut off a working party, supported by a guard of the enemy's
light troops, engaged in opening an avenue for a battery in our rear,
having directed him to have his corps ready in support in case the
enemy should be reinforced. The detachment was commanded by
Captain Birdsall, who attacked and drove the enemy, but when
about to return to camp he discovered a large force approaching.
138
The firing having continued longer than the Major expected, he
moved up the moment the enemy's reinforcements made their
appearance. A warm conflict ensued, in which they were forced
back, but discovering additional reinforcements and receiving my
order to fall back on the appearance of a large force, the Major
gave the signal with his bugle to retire ; at this moment he received
a ball in his head. He was brought from the field together with his,
men who were killed and wounded. Of the former were two rifle-
men and a New York volunteer, who, unsolicited, accompanied the
riflemen with a small party of his corps, under the command of
Lieut. Goodfellow, who, I am informed, has distinguished himself
on similar occasions, and for whom permit me to request a com-
mission in one of the Rifle regiments.
(Secret.)
Headquarters,
Camp Before Fort Erie, 14th Aug., 1814.
ARRANGEMENT.
Right ColuTiin — Lt.-Col. Fischer:
King's Regiment.
Volunteers — Regt. DeWatteville.
Light Companies — 89th and 100th Regts.
Detachment Royal Artillery, one officer and 12 men, and a
rocketeer with a couple of 12-pound rockets.
Capt. Eustace's picquet of cavalry.
Capt. Powell, Deputy-Asst.-Quartermaster-General, will con-
duct this column, which is to attack the left of the enemy's position.
Centre Column — Lt.-Col. Drunvniond:
Flank Companies — 4l8t Regiment.
do do —104th do
Royal Marines — 50.
Seamen — 90.
Detachment Royal Artillery, one subaltern and 12 men.
Capt. Barney, 89th Regt., will guide this column, which is to
attack the fort.
Left Column — Col. Scott, lOSrd Regt :
103rd Regt.
Capt. Elliott, Deputy- Asst. -Quartermaster-General, will conduct
this column, which will attack the right of the enemy's position
towards the lake, and endeavor to penetrate by the opening between
the fort and the entrenchment, using the short ladders at the same
139
time to pass the entrenchment which is reported to be defended
only by the enemy's 9th Regt., 250 strong.
The infantry picquets on Buck's road to be pushed on with
the Indians to attack the enemy's picquets on that road, Lt.-Col.
Nichols, Quartermaster-General of Militia, will conduct this column.
The rest of the troops, viz :
1st Battalion Royals.
Remainder of De Watte vi lie's Regt.
Glengarry Light Infantry and Incorporated Militia
Will remain in reserve under Lt.-Col. Tucker and are to be
posted on the ground at present occupied by our piccjuets and cover-
ing parties.
Squadron of 19th Dragoons in rear of the battery nearest
to the advance, ready to receive charge of prisoners and conduct
them to the rear.
The Lieut.-General will station himself at or near the battery,
where reports are to be made to him,
Lt,-Col, Fischer, commanding the right column, will follow the
instructions he has received, copy of which is communicated to Col.
Scott and Lt.-Col, Drummond for their guidance.
The Lieut.-General 'most strongly recommends a free use of
the bayonet. The enemy's force does not exceed 1500 fit for dut}*,
and those are representetl as nmch dispirited.
The ground on which the columns of attack are to be formed
will be pointed out, and the orders for their guidance will be given
by the Lieut.-General commanding.
J. Harvey,
D. A, G. .
(Secret.)
Headquarter.s,
Camp Before Fort Erie, 14th Aug., 1814.
Sir, — Lieut-General Drun)mond having selected you to com-
mand the (volunteer) force intended to be employed in assaulting
the right of the enemy's position, I am directed to desire that you
will accordingly march immediately in order to enable you to pass
through the woods before dark. On reaching Baxter's you will
halt for the night, using every precaution which your experience
Hnd prudence can suggest, aided by the necessary personal vigilance
of the officers of every rank under your command, to present
desertion and the consequent discovery of your situation and in-
tentions to the enemy. No fire must be lighted, nor any loud
chatting by your sentries or patroles permitted. Frequent (hourly)
140
roll-calls must take place, and no officer allowed to quit his com-
pany, section, or sub-division for a single moment except while em-
ployed in perfonning dutj^^ on visiting videttes or patroles, and
which duties officers of every rank must be required to perform.
The surprise of the enemy and perhaps the success of the attack
may depend upon this. You are to advance to the attack precisely
at two o'clock. You are to enter the enemy's position between
Snake Hill and the lake, which is presented as sufficiently open, but
this is not to prevent your making your arrangements for assault-
ing any other point of the position by means of the short ladders
or hay-bags with which you will be furnished. In order to ensure
secrecy the Lieut.-General most strongly recommends that the flints
are taken out of the firelocks with the exception of a reserve of
select and steady men who may be permitted to retain their flints,
(if you think it necessary or advisable,) not exceeding one-third of
your force. This reserve, with the detachment of artillery, should
take post on Snake Hill. The Lieut.-General is unwilling, however,
to suppose the probability of such neceasit3^ as it can only originate
in a check, which he is persuaded if the troops are steady and re-
solute cannot happen. Turning to the left after entering the
position, the whole of the enemy's diminished and dispirited troops
will be found either in the trench extending from Snake Hill to the
fort or in rear of the White House near the lake shore, and in
either case will, as well as the batteries, be completely taken in
reverse and exposed to your attack under ver}'^ favorable circum-
stance which you could desire. The rest must be left to the valour
of the troops. I am to apprize you that tw^o columns will advance
from this side as soon as it is ascertained that that under your com-
mand has entered it — one to attack the fort, composed of flank
companies under Lieut.-Col. Drummond and a party of seamen and
marines. The other to assault the line of entrenchments extending
from the fort down to the lake. A demonstration will be made a
few minutes before two o'clock by an attack upon the enemy's
picquet opposite to the centre of his entrenchment. The advan-
tages wdiich will arise from taking out the flints are obvious. Com-
bined with darkness and .silence it will effectually conceal the
situation and number of our troops, and those of the enemy being
exposed hy his fire and his white trousers, which are very conspicu-
ous marks to our view, it will enable them to use the bayonet with
effect which that valuable weapon has been ever found to possess
in the hands of British soldiers. A detachment of Royal Artillery
will accompany the column for the purpose of either spiking or
turning the enemy's guns against himself, according as may be
found expedient.
141
If repulsed the troops are to retire upon tlie battery on this
side and on the reserve on Snake Hill and the cavalry, which will
be posted on the Lake Road, on the other.
If the British troops meet within the place they will recognize
each other by the words " Prince Regent," answered by " Twenty,"
the countersign of the day. Capt. Powell, Quartermaster-General's
Dept., and Major Coore, A. D. C. to His Excellency the Commander
of the Forces, will accompany you. As proposals of surrender may
probably be made to you, you are to attend to none which are not
unconditional, not suffering yourself for a moment to be diverted
from the prosecution of your attack. Clemency to prisoners it is
unnecessary to recommend to you, but in removing them to the
rear you must be careful not to detach too many men. The cavalry
will be found useful in receiving and escorting prisoners. By mak-
ing a considerable number of prisoners you will find, in the event
of the contest being protracted until daylight, that the enemy will
be so reduced in numbers as not to be able to make any stand
against the force under your command (particularly if you have
taken possession of Snake Hill) and that which will be detached to
co-operate with you from this side. His force is at present under-
stood to be about 1,500 fit for duty. I shall be found at or near
the battery.
Much is necessarily left to your judgment and discretion, on
which Lieut.-Gen. Drummond has the fullest reliance.
J. Harvey,
Lt.-Col., D. A. G.
Gen. Armstrong to Gen. Wilkinson.
Sackett's Harbor, September 18, 1813.
" De Watteville's Regiment was made up in Spain, is composed
of Poles, Germans, Spaniards and Portuguese, and completely
disaffected."
Lient.-Gen. Drummond to Sir Geo. Prevost.
Camp Before Fort Erie, Aug. 15th, 1814.
Sir, — Having reason to believe that a sufficient impression had
been produced on the works of the enemy's fort by the fire of the
battery I had opened on it on the morning of the 13th, and by
which the stone building had been much injured and the general
outline of the parapet and embrasures very nmch altered, I deter-
mined on assaulting the place, and accordingly made the necessary
arrangements for attacking it by a heavy column directed to the
entrenchments on the side of Snake Hill, and by two columns to
142
advance from the battery an* I assault the fort and entrenchments on
this side. The troops destined to attack by Snake Hill, (which con-
sisted of the Kind's Regiment and that of De Watteville, with the
flank companies of the H{)th and 100th Rej^iments, under Lieut.-Col.
Fischer of the Regiment De Watteville,) marche<l at four o'clock
yesterday afternoon in order to gain the vicinit}' of the point of
attack in sufficient time. Im is with the deepest regret I have to re-
port the failure of both attacks, which were made two hours before
daylight this morning. A copy of Lieut.-Col. Fischer's report here-
with enclosed will enable Your Excellency to form a tolerably cor-
rect judgment of the cause of the failure of that attack. Had
the head of the colunni, (which had entered the place without
difficulty or opposition) been .supported, the enemy must have fled
from his works, (which were all taken as was contemplated in the
instructions in reverse) or have surrendered. The attack on the
fort and entrenchments leading from it to the lake was made at the
same moment by two columns, one under Lieut.-Col. Drummond,
104th Regt., consisting of the flank companies of the 41st and
104th Regts., and a body of seamen and marines under Capt. Dobbs
of the Royal Navy, on the fort ; the other, ur)der Col. Scott, I03d,
consisting of the 103d Regt., supported by two companies of the
Royals, was destined to attack the entrenchments. These columns
advanced to the attack as soon as the flring upon Col. Fischer's
column was heard, and succeeded after a desperate resistance in
making a lodgment in the fort through the embrasures of the
demi-bastion, the guns of which they had actually turned against
the enemy who still maintained the stone building, when most un-
fortunately some amnmnition which had been placed under the
platform caught fire from the firing of the guns to the rear, and a
most tremendous explosion followed, by which almost all the troops
which had entered the place were dreadfully mangled. Panic was
instantly communicated to the troops, (who could not be persuaded
that the explosion was accidental,) and the enemy at the same time
pressing forward and connnencing a heavy fire of nmsquetry, the
lort was abandoned and our troops retreated towards the battery.
I immediately pushed out the 1st Battalion, Royals, to support and
cover the retreat, a service which that valuable corps executed with
great steadiness. Our loss has been very severe in killed and
wounded, and I am sorry to add that almost all those returned
" missing" may be considered as wounded or killed by the explosion,
and left in the hands of the enemy. The failure of these most im-
portant attacks has been occasioned by circumstances which may
be considered as almost justifying the momentary panic which they
produced, and which introduced a degree of confusion into the
143
columns which in the darkneHa of the night tlie utniOHt exertions
of the officers were ineffectual in removing. The officers appear
invariably to have behaved with the most perfect coolness and
bravery, nor could anything exceed the stemliness and order with
which the advance of Lieut.-Col. Fischer's brigade was made until,
emerging from a thick wootl, it found itself suddenly stopped by j-ii
ahhattiH, anu within a heavy tire of nmsquetiy and guns from be-
hind a formidable entrenchment.
With regard to the centre and left cohmins, under Col. Scott
and Lieut.-Col. I'^rummond, the peraevering gallantry of both
officer and men until the unfortunate explosion could not be sur-
passed. Col. Scott of the 108d and Lieut.-Col. Drummond of the
104th Regiments, who commanded the centre and left attacks, were
unfortunately killed, and Your Excellency will perceive that almost
every officer of those colunms was either killed or wounded, by the
enemy's fire or by the explosion.
My thanks are due to the undermentioned officers, viz : To
Lieut.-Col. Fischer, who commanded the right attack ; to Major
Coore, aide-de-camp to Your Excellency, who accompanied that
column ; Major Evans of the King's, connuanding the advance ;
Major Villatte of De Watteville's ; Capt. Basden, light company,
89th ; Lieut. Murphy, light company, 100th. I beg also to add the
name of Capt. Powell of the Glengarry Light Infantry, employed
on the staff as Deputy-Assistant in the Quartermaster-General's
Department, who conducted Lieut.-Col. Fischer's column and first
entered the enemy's entrenchments, and by his coolness and
gallantry particularly distinguished himself ; Major Villatte of De
Watteville's Regiment, who led the column of attack and entered
the entrenchments, as did Lieut. Young with about 50 men of the
light companies of the King's and De Watteville's Regiments.
Capt. Powell reports that Sergt. Powell of the 19th Dragoons, who
was perfectly acquainted with the ground, volunteered to act as
guide and preceded the leading sub-division in the most intrepid
style. In the centre and left columns, the exertions of Major
Smelt of the 103d Regt., who succeeded to the command of the left
column on the death of Col. Scott ; Capts. Leonard and Shore of
the 104th flank companies ; Capts. Glew, Bullock and O'Keefe,
41st flank companies ; Capt. Dobbs, of the Royal Navy, command-
ing a party of volunteer seamen and marines, are entitled to my
acknowledgements (they are all wounded). Nor can I omit mention-
ing in the strongest terms of approbation the active, zealous and
useful exertions of Capt. Elliott of the 103d Regt., Deputy-Assist-
ant-Quartermaster-General, who was unfortunately wounded and
taken prisoner, and Capt. Barney of the 89th Regt., who had
144
volunteered his services as a temporary assistant in the Engineer
Department and conducted the centre column to the attack, in
which he received two dangerous wounds. To Major Phillot, com-
manding Royal Artillery, and Capt. Sabine, who commanded the
battery as well as the field guns, and to the officers and men of that
valuable branch of the service, serving under them, I am to express
my entire approbation of their skill and exertions. Lieut. Charlton
of the Royal Artillery entered the fort with the centre column,
fired several rounds upon the enemy from his own guns, and was
wounded by the explosion. The ability and exertions of Lieut.
Philpot of the Royal Engineers and the officers and men of that
department claim my best acknowledgements. To Lieut.-Col.
Tucker, who commanded the reserve, and to Lieut. -Col. Pearson,
Inspecting Field Officer, and Lieut.-Col. Battersby of the Glengarry
Light Infantry, and Capt. Walker of the Incorporated Militia, I am
greatly indebted for their active and unremitting attention to the
security of the outposts. To the Deputy-Adjt.-Gen. and Deputy-
Quartermaster-Gen,, Lieut.-Col. Harvey and Lieut.-Col. Myers, and
to the officers of their departments respectively, as well as to Capt.
Foster, my military secretary, and the of?) CRT's of my general staff,
I am under the greatest obligations for th^ , sistance they afforded
me. My acknowledgements are due to Capt. D'Alton of the 90th
Regt., Brigade Major to the Right Division, and to Lieut.-Col. Nichol,
Quartermaster-General of Militia; the exertions of Dep.-Commis-
sary-Gen. Turquand and the officei*s of that department, for the
supply of the troops ; and the care and attention of Staff Surgeon
O'Malley and the medical officers with the division to the sick and
wounded, also claim my thanks.
Lt.*€ol. Fischer to €oI. Harvey.
Camp Before Fort Erie, Aug. 15th, 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to report to you for the information of
Lieut.-Gen. Drummond, that in compliance with the ordei"s I
received, the brigade under my command, consisting of the 8th and
De Watteville's Regiment, the light companies of the 89th and
100th, with a detachment of artillery, attacked this morning at two
o'clock the enemy's position at Snake Hill, and to my great concern
failed in the attempt. The flank companies of the brigade who
were formed under the ordei*s of Major Evans of the King's Regi-
ment for the purpose of turning the position between Snake Hill
and the lake, which was found impenetrable, and was prevented
from supporting Major De Villatte of De Watteville's and Captain
Powell of the Quartermaster-General's Department, who actually
145
with a few men had turned the enemy's battery. The column of sup-
port, consisting of the remainder of De Watteville's and the King's
Regiment forming the reserve, in marching too near the lake found
themselves entangled between the rocks and the water, and by the
retreat of the Hank companies, were thrown into such confusion as
to render it impossible to give them any kind of formation during
the darkness of the night, at which time they were exposed to a
most galling fire of the enemy's battery and the numerous parties
in the ahbattis, and I am perfectly convinced that the great number
of missing are men killed or severely wounded at that time when
it was impossible to give them any assistance. After daybreak the
troops formed and retired to camp. I enclose a return of the
casualties. I have, &c.,
J. Fischer.
Killed, Wounded and Missing of the Right Division at Fort on
the Morning of 15tli August, 1814.
Killed — 2 lieut-colonels, 1 captain, 1 lieut., 1 sergeant, 1
drummer, 51 rank and file.
Wounded — 1 dep.-assist.-quarternmster-general, 1 major, 8 cap-
tains, 11 lieuts., 2 ensigns, 1 master, 12 seamen, 20 sergeants, 3
drummers, 250 rank and file.
Missing — 1 dept.-assist.-quartermaster-general, 1 captain, 3
lieuts., 2 ensigns, 1 midshipman, 1 adjutant, 7 seamen, 41 sergeants, 3
drummers, 479 rank and file. Of tlie number returned missing the
greater part are supposed to have been killed by the explosion of a
magazuie.
Ofiicers killed, wounded and missing :
Killed — 1st or Royal Scots, Capt. Torrens ; 8th Regt., Lieut.
Noel ; 103d, Col. Scott ; 104tli, Lieut.-Col. Drummond.
Wounded — General Start', Capt. Powell, Navy Captain Dobbs,
Lieut. Stevenson, Mr. Harris, master ; Royal Scots, Captain Rowan,
Lieut. Vaughan ; 8th Regt., Lieut. Young; 4l8t Flank Companies,
Capts. Glew and Bullock, Lt. Hailes, Ensign Townshend ; 89th
Regt, Capt. Barney; 100th, Volunteer Frazer ; 103d, Major Smelt,
Capts. Gardner and Colclough, Lieuts. Fallon, Charlton, Cuppage,
Meagher, Burrows and Hazen, Ensign Nash ; 104th Flank Com-
panies, Capt. Leonard, Lieut. McLaughlan.
Missing — General Start', Capt. Elliott, Royal Navy : Mr. Hyde,
midshipman ; 4l8t Flank Companies, Lieut. Gardner, Ensign Hall ;
100th Light Co., Ensign Murray ; 103<l Regt, Capt. Irwin, Lieut.
Kaye, Ensign Henry, Lieut, and Adjt Pettit.
146
Lt.-Cien. Drummond to Sir Geo. Prevost*
Camp Before Fort Erie, Aug. 16, 1814.
(Private.)
Dear Sir, — I have had a most painful and distressing duty to
perform in reporting to Your Excellency the disastrous result of
the attack which I directed *g be made yesterday morning on the
enemy's works and Fort Erie, an attack which there was no pro-
bability of a doubt but must have succeeded had the troops fulfilled
that part allotted to them.
It signifies not to the public to whom the culpability of failure
in military matters is attachable, the commander at all times falls
under censure, however high his character may have been. The
agony of mind I suffer from the present disgraceful and unfortu-
nate conduct of the troops committed to my superintendence wounds
me to the soul.
The right column of attack was entrusted to Lt.-Col. Fischer,
and from the reports I had of its steady conduct on the line of
march every hope was entertained of a continuance of it in the
hour of trial. Capt. Powell, i). A. Q. M. G., led v!ie colunm. The
forlorn hope con.sisted of a sub-division of the light company of
the King's Regt. under Lieut. Young, and Sergt. Powell of the inth
Light Dragoons accompanied it, being acquainted with the ground.
This sub-division was supported by the light company of De Watte-
ville's Regt. The 100th Light Company followed. Next, the
second sub-division of the King's Light Company. Then the
gi nadiers of De Watteville's and the light company of the 89th.
This corps was supported by the volunteers of De Watteville's
(nearly the whole reginjent) and the King's Regt.
It appears that part of the forlorn hope and about half of De
Watteville's Light Company, by wading through the water, though
the footing was excessively rough and rocky along the lake shore,
turned the left flank of an abbattis which extended from the
enemy's battery on Snake Hill (the left of their position) to the
lake, and part penetrated through the ahhaitw itself, and thereby
gained the rear of the enemy's works. The fire of the enemy by
this time being extremely heavy, both from artillery and musketry,
it would seem as if a sinmltaneous shock of panic pervaded the
greater part of those not immediately in advance, and the forlorn
hope, not finding itself sufficiently supported, was reluctantly under
the necessity of relinquishing the advantages they had gained and
of retiring again through the water under a most galling fire.
They lost many men, and De Watteville's light company nearly
half their numbers. The light company of the 89th, notwithstand-
147
ing they were nearly overwhelmed by the grenadiers of Watte-
vine's in the precipitancy of their retreat, was the only body that
preserved its order and remained firm upon its gi'ound. By this
act of steadiness they fortunately lost scarcely a man. The main
body of De Watteville's retreated in such confusion they carried
the King's Regt. before them like a torrent.
Thus by the misconduct of this fo'^eign corps has the oppor-
tunity been totally lost for the present of striking such a blow at
the enemy's force in this neighborhood as would altogether prevent
his appearing again in any force on the Niagara frontier, at least
during the present campaign.
The attacking columns of the left were entrusted to Col. Scott
and Lieut.-Col. Drummond. An unfortunate explosion, supposed
by accident, of some expense ammunition in the demi-bastion of
the works, by the destruction of many valuable officers and men,
threw the remainder into such confusion and dismay that they
likewise made a precipitate retreat, and the enemy remained in
possession of his works.
Major Coore, Your Excellency's A. D. C, who volunteered his
services, accompanied Lt.-Col. Fischer's column and, I have much
pleasure in acquainting you, afforded much assistance to that officer.
Capt. Powell's zeal and gallantry was most conspicuous. His
exertions have at all times been so unremitting as to merit my
warmest approbation.
I am now reduced to a most unpleasant predicament with
regard to force, as the Royals, the King's, 41st, 89th, 100th, and
now the 103rd, are so much weakened as certainly not to be fit to
keep the field.
I have thought advisable to order the 82nd from Burlington
and York without delay, and the Oth, now on its march to York,
also to proceed to this frontier.
I had intended to order another regiment from Kingston, but
from the badness of the roads since the recent rains I could not
calculate upon their arrival hewe before our squadron will be able to
take the lake, and as even at present the diminution of stores and
provisions is beginning to be felt, I entreat Your Excellency will
impress upon the Commo<lore the necessity of conveying to the
Right Division, the very first moment the s<^uadron can leave
harbor, a full supply of each, as well as a reinforcement of troops,
which I should wish to be the 90th or any equally strong regiment,
instead of the Canadian Fencibles or 97th, both comparatively
weak in point of numbers.
I take the opportunity of transmitting this letter by Your
Excellency's A. D. C., Major Coore.
148
General Order.
Headquarters,
Montreal, August 25th, 1814
Iii promulgating to the troops an extract from a District
General Order issued by Lieutenant-General Drummond to the
right division of this army in consequence of the capture of two
of the enemy's schooners, co-operating in the defence of the enemy's
position at Fort Erie, the commander of the forces avails himself
of the opportunity it presents to acknowledge the high sense he
entertains of the valuable services rendered to the right division by
Captain Dobbs of the Royal Navy and the officers and seamen of
the vessels placed under his command for that purpose by Com-
modore Sir James Yeo.
This event, so abl}'^ planned and so gallantly executed, was
followed by a general attack of the enemy's foi-ts and entrenchments.
Lieutenant-General Drummond reports that the spirit with
which it was undertaken en.ibled our tr(X)ps to surmount every
obstacle, Fort Erie and the entrenchments were entered, the guns
turned on the barrack blockhouse, (the enemy's last refuge) when
unfortunately a most violent explosion occurred in the battery,
in its eftect destroying and disabling many a valuable ofi'cer and
soldier, and caused so considerable a consternation as to induce the
remaining troops to abandon the works and all those advantages
which they had gained by their determined conduct, and precipi-
tately to retire on our fii-st approaches.
From other causes, almost inseparable to night operations
carried on in a close and difficult country, the right column failed
in the object it had to accomplish.
With deep regret the Commander of the Forces records the
loss His Majesty's service has sustained on this occasion.
Return or Hilled, Wounded and Missing of the Right Division, in
tlie Assault of Fort Erie on the 15th August, 1H14.
Killed — 1 colonel, 1 lieutenant-colonel, 1 captain, 1 lieutenant,
1 sergeant, 1 dninnner, 51 rank and file.
Wounded — 1 major, 9 captains, 11 lieutenants, 2 ensigns, 1
master, 20 sergeants, IJ drummers, 262 rank and file.
Missing — 2 captains, 3 lieutenants, 2 ensigns, 1 adjutant, 1
midshipman, 41 sergeants, 8 drummei*s, 48G rank and file.
Officers killed — 1st Roval Scots — Captain Torrens: 8th King's —
Lieut. Noel; 103rd Regt!"— Colonel Scott: 104th Regt.— Lieut.-
Col. Drummond.
149
Officers wounded — Royal Navy — Captain Dobbs and Lieut.
Stevenson, slightly ; Mr. Harris, master, severely.
let Royal Scots — Capt. Rowan, severely; Lieut. Vaughan,
slightly.
8th King's — Lieut. Young, slightly.
4l8t Flank Companies — Captains Glew and Bullock, severely ;
Lieut. Hailes, slightly ; Ensign Townsend, severely.
89th Regt. — Oapt. Barney, acting assistant engineer, severely.
ICOth Regt. — Lieut. Murray, wounded and prisoner ; volunteer
Fraser, severely.
103rd Regt. — Major Smelt and Capt. Gardner, severely ; Captain
Colclough and Lieut. Charlton, severely and prisoner ; Lieut.
Fallon, severely ; Lieut. Cuppage, Jr., dangerously ; Lieut. Meagher,
slightly ; Lieuts. Burrows, Hazen and Ensign Nash, severely.
104th Flank Companies — Capt. Leonard and Ensign Mc-
Laughlin, severely.
Officers missing — General Staff — Capt. Elliot, deputy-assistant-
quartermaster-general.
Royal Navy — Mr. Hyde, midshipman.
41st Flank Companies — Lieut. Gardner and Ensign Hall.
103rd Reg^j. — Capt. Irwin, Lieut. Kaye, Ensign Huoy, Lieut,
and Adjutant Pettit.
Edward Baynes,
Adjutant-General.
Gen. Gainci^ to the Secretary of War.
Headquarters,
Fort Erie, U. C. August 15th, 1814.
Sir, — My heart is gladdened with gratitude to heaven and joy
to my country, to have it in my power to inform you that the gal-
lant army under my command has this morning beaten the enemy
commanded by Lieutenant-General Drummond, after a severe con-
flict of near three hours, commencing at 2 o'clock this morning.
They attacked us on each flank, got possession of the salient
bastion of the old Fort Erie, which wa« regained at the point of
the bayonet with a dreadful slaughter. The enemy's loss in killed
and prisonera is about 600 ; near 300 killed. Our loss is consider-
able, but I think not one-tenth as great as that of the enemy. I
will not detain the express to give you the particulars. I am pre-
paring my force to follow up the blow.
150
Killed, Wounded and Missing of the Lett Division of the United
States Army, Commanded by BriKadiei>General Craines,
in the Action of the 15th Ausnst, 1814, at Fort
Erie, Upper Canada.
Adjutant-Generara Office,
Fort, Erie, Aug. 14th, 1814.
Corjys of Bombardiers.
Killed — 1 private.
Artillery.
Killed — 1 captain, 1 subaltern, 2 privates ; wounded — severely,
1 lieutenant, 3 privates ; slightly, 6 privates ; missing — 1 lieuten-
ant, 3 privates.
1st Brigade.
9th Regiment — slightly wounded — 1 private.
nth do — killed — S privates; wounded — dangerously, 1 ser-
geant, 1 private ; severely, 4 privates ; slightly, 4 privates.
19th Regiment — killed — 5 privates ; wounded — dangerously, 1
subaltern ; severely, 1 sergeant, 4 privates ; slightlj'', 1 corporal, 8
privates. (This regiment was stationed in the fort.)
22nd Regiment — killed — two privates; wounded — severely, 5
privates,
^Jind Brigade.
21st Regiment — killed — 2 privates ; wounded — severely, 1 sub-
altern, 3 privates ; slightly, 3 privates ; missing — 2 privates.
1st and 4th Rifle Corps.
Wounded — severely, 1 captain, 1 private ; missing — 1 private.
Naines of O^fficers.
Artillery— Capt. Williams and Lieut. McDonough, killed ; Lieut.
Watmough, wounded severely; Lieut. Fontaine, missing.
19th Regt. — Lieut. Bushnell, Ensign Cissna, wounded.
23rd Regt. — Lieuts. Brown and Belknap, wounded.
4th Rifles — Capt. Birdsall, wounded.
Keport of the Killed and Wounded During the iiannonading and
Bombardknent,
Commencing at sunrise on the morning of the 13th instant and
continuing without intermission till 8 o'clock p. m., recommenced on
the 14th at daylight with increased warmth, and ending one hour
161
before the commencement of the action at Erie on the morning of
the 15th :
Adjutant-General's Office, Au^st 15th, 1814.
Corps of Artillery — wounded — severely, 2 privates ; slightly, 1
captain, 2 subalterns, 1 sergeant, 1 corporal, 3 privates.
11th Regt. — wounded — severely, 2 sergeants, 2 privates ;
slightly, 3 privates.
19th Regt. — wounded — severely, 1 subaltern.
21st Regt. — killed — 4 privates ; wounded — severely, 3 privates ;
slightly, 2 privates.
22nd Regt. — killed — 1 sergeant; wounded — severely, 2 cor-
porals, 2 privates ; slightly, 3 privates.
23rd Regt. — killed — 1 private ; wounded — severely, 1 pnvate.
Rifle Regiments, Ist and 4th — killed — 1 corporal, 2 privates ;
wounded — severely, 3 privates ; slightly, 1 private.
Offi.cers Wounded.
Artillery — Capt. Biddle, Lieuts. Zantzinger and Watmough.
Infantry — Lieut. Patterson, 19th Regt.
Killed.
George Carryl, 23rd Regt., Orderly to General Gaines.
Roger Jones,
Asst.-Adjt.-Gen.
Brig^adier-Creneral Cralnes to the Secretary of War.
H. Q., Fort Erie, U. C, Aug. 23d, 1814.
Sir, — Loss of sleep and constant exposure to weather gave me
some days ago a violent cold, which has put it out of my power to
do anything more than the state of the service here rendered in-
dispensable ; hence my apology for delaying until this day my
report of the battle of the 15th inst.
General Drummond is quietly engaged in collecting reinforce-
ments. His camp appears to be fortified. I attempted to look at
it a few days past and it cost me a fine young officer, Lieut. Yates
of the 4th Rifle Regiment, killed, and Lieut. Kearsley of that
excellent corps with Lieut. Childs of the 9th, wounded, with the
loss of 2 or 3 privates killed and 5 or 6 wounded. The loss of the
enemy I was unable to ascertain ; he would not leave his defences, and
I did not think fit to leave mine at all exposed. Several deserters
say that the 6th and 82d Regiments arrived last night. If this be
true, their strength is about the same as it was before the battle of
the 15th. Their Colonel Scott is dead. About twenty deserters
152
from the De Watteville Regiment and sonje few from the other
corps concur in the report that their loss in killed, wounded and
missing on the 15th was upwards of a thousand.
Brigadier^Creneral Gaines to the Secretary of War.
H. Q., Left Wing 2d Division,
Fort Erie, U. C, Aug. 23d, 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to communicate for the information of
the department of war, the particulars of the battle fought at this
place on the 15th inst. between the left wing of the 2d Division of
the Northern army under my command and the British forces in the
Peninsula of Upper Canada commanded by Lieut.-General Drum-
mond, which terminated in a signal victory in favor of the United
American arms. Our position on the margin of the lake at the
entrance of the Niagara River being nearly a horizontal plain,
twelve or fifteen feet above the surface of the water, possessing few
natural advantages, had been strengthened in front by temporary
parapet, breastworks, entrenchments and ahattis, with two batteries
and 6 field pieces. The small unfinished Fort Erie with a 24, 18
and 12-pounders formed the N. E., and the Douglass battery with
an 18 and 6-pounder the S. E. angle of our right ; the left is
defended by a redoubt battery with 6 field pieces, just thrown up
on a small ridge ; our rear was left open to the lake, bordered by a
rocky shore of easy ascent ; the battery on the left was defended
by Capt. Towson ; Fort Erie by Capt. Williams, with Major
Trimble's command of the 19th Infantry ; the batteries on the front
by Captains Biddle and Fanning ; the whole of the artillery com-
manded by Major Hindman. Parts of the 11th, 9th and 22d In-
fantry (of the late veteran brigade of Maj.-Gen. Scott) were posted
on the right under the command of Lieut.-Col. Aspinwall ; Gen.
Ripley's brigade, consisting of the 2l8t and 23d, defended on the
left ; Gen. Porter's brigade of the New York and Pennsylvania
Volunteers with our distinguished riflemen occupied the centre.
I have therefore omitted stating to you that during the 13th
and 14th the enemy had kept up a brisk cannonade, which was
sharply returned from our batteries without any considerable loss
on our part. At 6 p. m. one of their shells lodged in a small
magazine in Fort Erie, which was fortunately almost empty ; it
blew up with an explosion more awful in its appearance than
injurious in its effects, as it did not disable a man or damage a gun.
It occasioned but a momentary cessation of the thunders of the
artillery on both sides ; it was followed by a loud and joyous shout
of the Biitish army, which was instantly returned on our part, and
153
Captain Williams, amidHt the smoke of the explosion, renewed the
contest hy an animated roar of his heavy cannon.
From the supposed loss of our ammunition and the consequent
depression such an event was likely to produce upon the minds of
our men, I felt persuaded that this explosion would lead the enemy
to assault, and made my arrangements accordingly. The annexed
paper, No. 1, is a copy of Lieut.-Gen. Drummond's plan of attack.
The night was dark and the early part of it raining, but the
faithful sentinel slept not. One-third of the troops were up at
their posts. At half-past 2 o'clock the right column of the enemy
approached, and though enveloped in darkness, black as his designs
and principles, was distinctly heard on our left and promptly
marked by our musquetry, under Major Wood, and artillery, under
Captain Towson. Being mounted at the moment, I repaired to the
point of attack, where the sheet of fire rolling from Towson 's bat-
tery and the musquetry of the left wing of the 21st Infantry, under
Major Wood, enabled me to see the enemy's column of about 1,500
men approaching on that point. His advance was not checked
until it approached within ten feet of our infantry ; a line of loose
brush representing an ahattis only intervened; a column of the
enemy attempted to pass round the aJxittia through the water,
where it was nearly breast deep; apprehending that this point
would be carried, I ordered a detachment of riflemen and infantry
to its support, but having met with the gallant commandei', Major
Wood, was assured by him that he could defend his position with-
out reinforcements.
At this moment the enemy were repulsed, but instantly renewed
the charge and were again repulsed. My attention was now called
to the right, where our batteries and lines were soon lighted by a
most brilliant fire of cannon and musquetry. It announced the
approach of the centre and left columns of the enemy, under
Colonels Drummond and Scott. The latter was received by the
veteran 9th, under the command of Capt. Foster, and Captains
Boughton and Harding's companies of New York and Pennsylvania
Volunteers, aided by a 6-pounder judiciously posted by Major Mc-
Rea, chief engineer, who wjis most active and useful at this point.
They were repulsed. That of the centre, led by Col. Drummond,
was not long kept in check. It approached at once every assailable
point of the fort, and with scaling ladders ascended the parapet, but
was repulsed with dreadful carnage. The tissault was twice re-
peated and as often checked, but the tnemy having nioved round in
the ditch, covered by darkness added to the heavy cloud of smoke
which had rolled from our cannon and musqetry enveloping sur-
rounding objects, repeated the charge, re-ascended the ladders, and
154
with their pikes, bayonets and spears fell upon our gallant artillerists.
The gallant spirits of our favorite Capt. Williams and Lieuts. Mc-
Donough and Watmough, with their brave men, were overcome ;
the two former and several of their men received deadly wounds.
Our bastion was lost. Lieut. McDonough being severely wounded,
demanded quarter ; it was refused by Col. Drummond. The
lieutenant then seized a handspike and nobly defended himself
until he was shot down with a pistol by the monster who had re-
fused him quarter, who often reiterated the order, "give the damned
Yankees no quarter." This officer, whose bravery if it been seasoned
with virtue would have entitled him to the admiration of every
soldier — this hardened murderer — soon met his fate. He was shot
through the breast by of the regiment while repeat-
ing the order to give no quarter. The battle now raged with
increased fury on the right, but on the left the enemy was repulsed
and put to flight ; thence and from the centre I ordered reinforce-
ments. They were promptly sent by Brig.-Gen. Ripley and Gen.
Porter. Captain Fanning of the corps of artillery kept up a
spirited and destructive fire with his field pieces on the enemy
attempting to approach the fort. Major Hindman's gallant efforts,
aided by Major Trimble, having failed to drive the enemy from the
bastion with the remaining artillery and infantry in the fort, Capt.
Birdsall of the 4th Rifle Regiment gallantly rushed in through the
gateway to their assistance, and with some infantry charged the
enemy, but was repulsed and the captain severely wounded. A
detachment from the 11th, 19th and 22d Infantry under Capt.
Foster of the 11th were introduced over the interior bastion for the
purpose of charging the enemy; Major Hall, Assistant-Inspector-
General, very handsomely tendered his services to lead the charge.
The charge was gallantly made by Capt. Foster and Major Hall,
but owing tf) the narrowness of the passage up the bastion, admit-
ting only 2 or 3 men abreast, it failed. It was often repeated and
axS often checked. The enemy's force in the bastion was, however,
much cut to pieces and diminished by our artillery and small arms.
At this moment every operation was arrested by the explosion
of some cartridges deposited in the end of the stone building
adjoining the contested bastion ; the explosion was tremendous ; it
was decisive ; the bastion was restored.
At this moment Capt. Biddle was ordered to cause a field piece
to be posted so as to enfilade the exterior plain and salient glacis.
The captain, though not recovered from a severe contusion in the
shoulder received from one of the enemy's shells, promptly took
his position and served his field piece with vivacity and effect.
Capt. Fanning's battery likewise played upon them at this time
156
with great effect. The enemy were in a few moments entirely
defeated, taken, or put to flight, leaving on the field 221 killed, 174
wounded, and ISH prisoners, (581), including 14 officers killed and 7
wounded and prisoners, A large portion are so severely wounded
that they cannot survive. The slightly wounded, it is presumed,
were carried off.
To Brig.-Gen. Ripley much credit is due for the judicious dis-
position of the left wing previous to the action, and for the steady,
disciplined courage manifested by him and his immediate command,
and tor the promptness with which he complied with my orders for
reinforcement during the action. Brig.-Gen. Porter, commanding
the New York and Pennsylvania Volunteers, manifested a degree of
vigilance and judgment in his preparatory arrangements as well as
military skill and courage in action, which proves him worthy the
confidence of his country and the brave volunteers who fought
under him. Of the volunteers. Captains Boughton and Harding,
with their detachnients posted on the right and attached to the line
commanded by Capt. E. Foster of the veteran 9th Infantry, hand-
somely contributed to the repulse of the left column of the enemy,
under Col. Scott.
The judicious preparations and steady conduct of Lieut. -Col.
Aspinwall, commanding the First Brigade, merit approbation. To
Major McRea, chief engineer, the gi'eatest credit is due for the
excellent arrangement and skilful execution of his plans for fortify-
ing and defending the right, and for his correct and seasonable sug-
gestions in regaining the bastion. Major Wood of the Engineers
also greatly contributed to the previous measures of defence. He
had accepted the command of a regiment of infantry, (the 21st,)
for which he had often proved himself well qualified, but never so
conspicuously as on this occasion.
Towson's battery emitted a constant sheet of fire. Wood's
small arms lighted up the space and repulsed five terrible charges
made between the battery and the lake. Brig.-Gen. Ripley speaks
in high terms of the officei's and men engaged, particularly Cap-
tains Marston and Ropes ; Lieutenants Riddle of the 15th, (doing
duty with the 21st,) and Hall ; Ensigns Benn, Jones, Cummings
and Thomas of the 21st ; and Keally and Green of the 19th.
Major Hindman, and the whole of the artillery under the
command of that excellent officer, displayed a degree of gallantry
and good conduct not to be surpassed. The particular situation of
Capt. Towaon and the much lamented Captain Williams and Lieu-
tenant McDonough, and that of Lieut. Watmough as already de-
scribed, with their respective commands, rendered them most con-
spicuous. The courage and good conduct of Lieut. Zantzinger and
156
Lieut. ChileH is spoken of in high terms by Major Hindman and
Captain Towson, as also that of Sergeant- Major Denbon. Captains
Biddle and Fanning on the centre and right of their intrenchinents
threw their shot to the right and left and front, and annoyed the
Indians and light troops of the enemy approaching from the woods.
Lieut. Fontaine in his zeal to meet the enemy was unfortunately
wounded and made prisoner. Lieut. Bird was active and useful,
and, in fact, every individual of the corps did their duty.
The detachment of Scott's gallant brigade, consisting of parts
of the 9th, 11th and 22d Infantry, did its duty in a manner worthy
the high reputation the brigade had acquired at Chippawa, and at
the Fjalls o* Niagara. The 9fch, under the command of Capt. E.
Foster, was actively engaged against the left of the enemy, and
with his and Lieut. Douglass's corps of bombardiers commanding
the water battery, and of that of the volunteers under Captains
Boughton and Harding, effected their repulse. The good conduct
of Lieuts, Childs, Cushman and Foote, and Ensign Blake, deserves
commendation.
The officers killed are Captain Williams and Lieut. McDonough
of the artillery. Wounded — 6 other subaltern officers, severely.
Lieut. Fontaine of the artillery, who was taken prisoner, writes
from the British camp that he foi-tunately fell into the hands of
the Indians, who after taking his money treated him kindly. It
would seem then that these savages had not joined in the resolution
to give no quarters.
Brigadler*General Ripley to General Gaines.
Fort Erie, August 17th, 1814.
Sir, — I take the libei-ty of reporting to you the course of
operations on the left flank of the camp during the action of the
15th instant.
From indications satisfactory to me I was persuaded very early
of the enemy's design ol attacking us in our position. Before any
alarm, I caused my brigade to occupy their alarm posts. On the
first fire of the picket, Captain Towson opened his artillery upon
them from Fort Williams in a stvle that does him infinite credit.
It was continued with very great effect upon the enemy during the
whole action.
The enemy advanced with fixed bayonets and attempted to
enter our works between the fort and the water. They brought
ladders for the purpose of scaling, and in order to prevent their
troops from resorting to any other course excepting the bayonet,
had caused all the flints to be taken from their muskets. The
157
column that approached in this direction conHisted of Colonel
Fischer's command and amounted in number to at least 1,500 men,
and according to representations of prisoners they were 2,000
strong. The companies posted at the point of the works which
they attempted to escalade were Captain Ross's, Captain Marston's,
Lieutenant Bowman's and Lieutenant Larned's of the 2 1st Regi-
ment, not exceeding 250 men, under the command of Major Wood
of the Engineer corps. On the enemy's approach, they opened their
musketry m a manner the most powerful. Fort Williams and this
little band emitted one broad uninterrupted sheet of light. The
enemy were repulsed. They rallied, came on a second time to the
charge, and a party waded round our line by the lake and came in
on the flank, but a reserve of tv.o companies posted in the com-
mencement of the action to support this point marched up and
fired upon the party, who were all killed or taken. Five times in
this manner did the enemy advance to the charge ; five times were
their columns beaten back in confusion by a force one-sixth of their
numbers, till at length finding the contest unavailing they retired.
At this point we made 147 prisoners.
During the contest in this (juarter the lines of the whole of the
left wing were perfectly lined in addition to the reserves, and I
found myself able to detach three companies of the 23rd Regiment
from the left to reinforce the troops at Fort Erie, viz : Captain
Wattle's, Lieutenant Cantine's and Lieutenant Brown's companies,
and one of the 19th under Captain Chunn. They were in the fort
during the time of the explosion, and their conduct is highly spoken
of by Major Brooke, their commanding ofHcer. Indeed from the
high state to which that regiment has been brought by Major
Brooke, I am convinced that no troops will behave better.
In submitting to your view the conduct of the troops under
my command on this occasion, I find everything to applaud and
nothing to reprehend. The utmost coolness and subordination was
manifested both by the 21st and 23rd Regiments. To Major Wood
I feel particularly indebted. This officer's merits are so well known
that approbation can scarcely add to his reputation. He has the
merit with this Spartan band, in connexion with Captain Towsou's
Artillery, of defeating a vaunting foe of six times his force. Major
Brooke did everything in his power, and it affords me pleasure at
all times to call the attention of the General commanding to this
amiable and accomplished officer.
The officers commanding companies immediately engaged have
my highest commendation. Their conduct was most judicious and
gallant. I cannot refrain from adverting to the manner in w^hich
Captain Towson's Artillery was served. I have never seen it
158
equalled. This officer has so often distinguished himself that to
say simply that he is in action is a volume of eulogium ; the army
only to oe informed he is thei'e, by a spontaneous assent are at once
satisfied that he has well performed his part. I have no idea that
there is an artillery officer in any service superior to him in the
knowledge and performance of his duty.
The officers I have mentioned as commanding companies of the
21 st and 23rd Regiments are particularly commenaed by their
conmianding officers. Captain Mai-ston, a most valuable officer,
commanded a first line of three companies opposed to the enemy's
column. Captain Ropes commanded the companies of reserve.
Major Wood reports in the highest terms of the gootl conduct of
the subalterns, Lieutenant Riddle of the 15th, attached to the 21st,
and Knsigns Bean, Jones, Gumming and Thomas of the 19th, as
being extremely active and performing their duties with alacrity.
The manner in which Lieutenant Belknap of the 28rd retired
with his picket guard from before the enemy's column excites my
particular commendation. He gave ordei*s to fire three times, as he
was retreating to camp, hinuself V>ringing up the rear. In this
gallant manner he kept the light advance of the enemy in check
for a distance of two or three hundred yards. I have to regret
that when entering our lines after his troops the enemy pushed so
close upon him that he received a severe wound from a bayonet.
Lieutenants Bushnel and Cissney of the 19th, while gallantly
engaged with the enemy at Fort Erie, were both severely if not
mortally wounded. Their conduct merits the warmest approbation.
Permit me to recommend to your notice the good conduct of
my start* Lieutenant Kirby of the Corps of Artillery, my aid-de-
camp, and Lieutenant Holding, Acting-Brigade-Major. Their
activity and zeal was entirely to my satisfaction.
I close this long report with stating to you in the highest terms
of approbation the skilfulness exhibited by Doctor Fuller, surgeon
of the 23rd, and Doctor Trowbridge, suigeon of the 21st Infantry,
with their mates, Dr. Gale of the 23rd and Doctoi's Everett and
Allen of the 2l8t. Their active, humane and judicious treatment
of the wounded, both of the enemy and of our own, together with
their steady and constant attention to the duties of their station,
must have attracted your attention, and I am confident will receive
your approbation.
Report of the Killed, Wounded and Prisoners taken at the Battle
of Erie, V. €., Angnst ISth, 1H14.
Killed— left on the field, 222; wounded— left on field, 174;
prisoners — 186. Grand total, 582.
159
Two hundred supposed to be killed on the left flank (in the
water) and permitted to float down the Niagara. The number on
the right flank near the woods could not be ascertained.
Given at the Inspector-General's office, Fort Erie, Upper
Canada.
Nathl. N. Hall,
Asst.-Inspt.-Gen.
Brigadier*€eneral Gaines to the Secretary of War.
Headquarters, Fort Erie.
Upper Canada, August 26th, 1814.
Sir, — In my report of the battle of the 15th instant, I inad-
vertently omitted the names of Captain Chunn of the 19th, Lieu-
tenants Bowman and Larned of the 21st, and Jewitt of the 11th
Infantry, as also of my brigade-major. Lieutenant Gleason, each of
whom bore a conspicuous part in the action, and whom I beg leave
to recommend to your notice. Lieutenants Bowman an<l Larned
conmianded compani.^s in the 21st, which so gallantly beat the
eneujy's right column. Captain Chunn with his company wavS doing
duty with the same regiment. I also omitted mentioning that a
part of this regiment pursued the enemy's right upwards of a mile,
and took 100 prisoners. His left was also puraued and more than
an hundred prisoners were taken beyond our works. Tliese facts
prove that the affair was not merely a defence of our position, or
a n)ere repulse of the enemy, as I find it called by .some. As
regai-ds myself, I am satisfied with the result and am not disposed
to make any difficulty about the name by which the affair may be
called, but it is due to the brave men I have the honor to command
that I should say that the affair was to the enemy a sore beating
and a defeat, and it was to us a haruhome victory.
Our position is growing stronger every day by the exertions of
Majors McRea and Wood and the officers and men generally. We
keep up a smart cannonade. One of the enemy's pickets yesterday
approached nearer to ours than usual. Major Brooke, officer of the
day, added 100 men to our picket, attacked and drove them in with
considerable loss ; the Major brought in alx)ut 80 nmskets. In this
affair, however, we have to lament the loss of another gallant
officer. Captain Wattles of the 23rd ; our loss was otherwise
inconsiderable.
160
(iKtraets.)
Charges Preferred Against Ccneral Gaines by Col. W. A. Trimble.
Q«ner«l Oourtmartial Oonv«n««l at N«w York, 2nd ••pt., ISie^
CHARGE II.
Miscondiwt and Otosh Injustice in Offi.ce.
Specification 2. — In this : That the said Major-General Gaines,
being m command of the army of the United States in the battle
of the 15th of August, 1814, at the fortified encampment aforesaid,
during said battle ordered a small detachment of infantry and rifle-
men into Fort Erie not to act under the ord^^rs of Major Trimble,
the oflicer commanding the fort, but under the direction of an
officer of the staff* with special orders to charge the northeast bastion
of the fort, then in the possession of the enemy — orders whicli could
not be successfully executed — prevented said detachment from be-
ing usefully employed, and exposed part of it to destruction with-
out the possibility of subjecting the enemy to equal loss.
Spec. 3. — In this : That at the fortified encampment ijforesaid
between the 15th and 23d of August, 1814, the said Major-General
Gaines, commanding as aforesaid, required many officers to report
to him the conduct of their commands at the battle aforesaid, and,
actuated by injustice and a vindictive spirit, did not require Major
Trimble to report the conduct of his command in said battle,
although he held throughout the said battle the separate and highly
important command of Fort Erie, where the battle raged with great
fury and the enemy was bravely and efficiently fought by stiid
Tirmble's command, but refjuired Major Hindman and Major Hall
to report the operations in the fort, the former of which oflficers, be-
ing the senior officer of the artillery of the army under the said
Major-General Gaines and having the general superintendence of
all the artillery attached to said army, was not stati(med in Fort
Erie, and the command o*" Major Hall being confined to a small
detachment, which was sent into the fort under special orders a
very short time before the close of the action and which was,
though bravely, worse than uselessly, employed on impracticable
service, and neither of which officers had an opportunity to be
ac<iuainted with the general defence of the fort— conduct on the
part of the said Maj.-Gen. Gaines calculated most unjustly to insult
and wound the honorable sensibilities of Major Trimble t.iid the
offieei*s and men of the infantry under his command, to exclude
them from their rightful participation in the glorv and honoi-s of
that Imttle, and to pro<luce dissatisfaction and dissension in the
service and ii\jure its interests.
161
Spec, 4. — In this : That the said Major-General Gaines, in his
principal detailed official report to the Secretary of War of the
battle of the 15th of August, 1814, aforesaid, with malice and
unjustly and contrary to his duty, concealed the fact that Major
Tnmble commanded Fort Erie during the said battle, and not only
concealed said fact but endeavored to communicate the impression
that he did not so command, and that in the first part of the
action the fort was commanded by Captain Williams and afterwards
by Major Hindman — the said Major-General Gaines having, in
person, on the evening immediately preceding the action assigned
the command of the fort to Major Trimble, and Major Trimble
ranking both Captain Williams and Major Hindman and command-
ing the fort during the battle.
Spec. 5. — In this : That the said Major-General Gaines, in
his aforesaid official report of the battle of Fort Erie, stated that
the centre colr^rn or the enemy, led by Colonel Drummond,
" approached at once every a.s.sailable part of the fort, and with
scaling laddei-s ascended the parapet, but was repulsed with dread-
ful carnage. The assault was twice repeated and as often checked,"
whereas the whole efforts of said column of the enemy in the first
part of the action and during the time alluded to in said statement,
as said Maj.-Gen. Gaines knew or ought to have known, were
directed against the north curtain of the fort (or north line of the
redoubt connecting the bastions of the fort), and that the said
Major-General Gaines in said statement and throughout said report
omitted to mention that it was by the detachment of the 19th
Infantry, stationed in the fort, that this service was performed ;
the said Major-General Gaines being careful in other parts of his
report to state who were engaged in the services mentioned and
alleged, herein misrepresenting the battle of Fort Erie, unjustly
injuring the officers and men of the detachment of the 19th In-
fantry stationed in the fort, and acting with improper partiality'
towards other parts of the army he commanded, to the injury of
the service.
Spec. 6. — In this : That the said Major-General Gaines, in his
aforesaid official report of the battle of Fort Erie, represented and
caused to be undei-stood that the left column of the enemy, led by
Col. Scott, was completely repulsed and finally driven from the
contest by the American troops stationed to the right of Fort Erie
and be ,veen the fort and the lake ; and that the said Maj.-Gen.
Gaines in his official report suppressed the facts that the said left
column of the enemy, having advanced in the direction and within
about 50 yards of an opening in the said line l)etween the fort and
the lake and being deterred from proceeding further in that
162
direction, and from entering said opening by an incessant blaze of
tire from the Douglass battery and the artillery and infantry
stationed on said line, moved promptly to the right, gained the ditch
of the northenst bastion of the fort and was the first to assault and
enter the bastion ; that a large proportion of the prisoners remain-
ing and taken in and near the fort belonged to the 103d Regiment ;
and that it was at the fort that Colonel Scott, who commanded said
column, was mortally wounded, and - aptain Elliott, who conducted
it, was made prisoner ; which facts the said Major-General Gaines
at the time of making his said report ought to have known and
did know ; the said Major-General Gaines by said wilful misstate-
ments and siippresvsion of facts materially misrepresenting • the
battle to his government, unjustly depriving the garrison of Fort
Erie, particularly the detjichment of the 19th Infantry, of the
credit of important services which they hatl performe<l, contrary to
his duty, and to the injury of the service.
Spec. 7. — In this : That the said Major-Gen. Gaines, in his
aforesaid official report of the battle of Fort Erie, stated that
Captain Fanning of the corps of artillery kept up a spirited and
destructive tire with field pieces on the enemy attempting to
approach the fort, whereas no part of the centre and left colunms of
the enemy, the columns which attacked the fort, were within range
of Captain Faiming's field pieces, and, if the Indians and light
ti*oops of the enemy in front of the encampment were refeiTed to
in said statement, there was not evidence nor gix>und of pre-
sumption to wan'ant the assertion that Capt. Fanning's fire, how-
ever spirited, was destructive, and the strong presumption was that
it could not have been so.
And that the said Major-General Gaines in his oflficial report
stated that " Captain Fanning's battery likewise played upon them
(the enemy) at this time with great ettect." whereas at the time
referred to the enemy were not within scope of Captain Fanning's
battery, and of course could not have been playetl upon it with
etfect.
And that the said Major-Gener J Gainen in said report repre-
sented and gave it to be unaerstood that Brigadier-General Porter,
commanding the New York and Pennsylvania Volunteers, and said
volunteera generally, were engaged in action in the aforesaid battle
at Fort Erie, and mentioned him and them with high commendation
for their conduct in action therein, whereas Captain Boughton's
and Captain Harding's companies, detache<l and distantly separated
from General Porter's command in said battle, and not under his
command tlierein, were the only part of said volunteers who fouijht
or could be said to be engaged in action in said battle, they being
163
under the command of Lieut.-Col. Aspinwall on the right of the
American position and acting with Capt. Foster of the 11th,
And that the said Major-General Gaines in his said official re-
port stated that " Captain Birdsall of the 4th Rifle Regiment with
a detachment of riflemen gallantly rushed in through the gateway'*
(of Fort Erie) " to their assistance," (meaning to the assistance of
Major Hindman and Major Trimble,) " and with some infantry
charged the enemy but was repulsed and the captain severely
wounded," thereby exhibiting in aetail with praise conduct in Fort
Eris, which, though gallant, was of little or no avail, and of very
short continuance.
And that the said Major-(}eneral Gaines, in his said official re-
port, detailed, " that a detachment of the 11th, 9th and 22d Infantry,
under Capt. Foster of the 11th, were intro<luced over the interior
bastion " (of Fort Erie) " for the purp(.>se of charging the enemy.
Major Hall, Assistant- Inspector-General, very handsomely tendered
his services to lead the charge. The charge was (gallantly made by
Capt. Foster and Major Hall, but owing to the kiarrowness of the
passage up the l)astion, admitting only two or three men abreast, it
failed. It was often repeated and as often checked," thereby show-
ing forth in detail and with praise, and calling the attention of his
government to the conduct of officei*s and men in Fort EHe, who
were sent into the fort only a short time before the close of the
action, and, however bravely, were worse than uselessly employed
on impracticable service, and for a few minutes onl}'.
And that the said Major-General Gaines, in said official report,
with malice omitted to mention the judicious arrangements and
preparations which Major Trimble under the most embarrassing cir-
cumstances made for the defence of Fort Erie ; the gallant manner
in which the detachment of 19th Infantry, stationed in the fort,
repelled the repeated assaults of the centre column of the enemy,
and the prompt and skilful disposition made of said <let»ichment,
and the cool and desperate courage it displaye<l in thn most
hazardous situation and against a great superioi'ity of force wheit
the enemy obtained [possession of the northeast bastion of the fort,
that a part of said detachment was formetl so as to command the
gorge of said bastion, under cover of which line part of which
detachment was thn>wn into the a<ljoining stone messhouse, and
that thence a constant and destructive tire was kept up on the
enemy, that a part of said detachment without the messhouse was
posted in a situation which attbrded it security and enabled it to
pour intfj the bastion a direct and deadly Are ; that the enemy
repeatetlly advanced from the bastion to gain possession of the
fort, and twice attempted to force the door of the messhouse afore-
1«4
said, and were driven back with loss by said detachment of the
19th Infantry and a small detachment of artillery, which in the
last attack were aided by Lieutenant John Brady who had just
come into the fort with about twenty men of the 22d Infantry, —
several of which circumstances were communicated in a written
statement to the said Major-General Gaines before he forwarded or
closed his said official report, and all of which ciixiumstances and of
the defence of Fort Erie generally the said Major-General Gaines
might have obtained full information had he required it of Major
Trimble, as it was his duty to have done, and that the said Major-
General Gaines with malice omitted to allude to said circumstances
in the particular manner in which they merited to lie spoken of in
the said report.
The said Major-General Gaines by said representations, wilfully
incorrect statements and designed suppression of facts, in his said
official report, ascribing services to officers and men which they did
not peform, displaying services some of them performed in Fort
Erie with disproportionate emphasis and minuteness and improper
partiality, and unjustly concealing other services of much greater
importance and usefulness performed in Fort Erie, grossly injuring
and insulting Major Trimble and the officers and men of said
detachment of the 19th Infantry, and very materially misrepre-
senting the Imttle of Fort Erie to his government, to the injury of
the service.
Spec. 8, — In this : That the said Major-General Gaines, in his
official report aforesaid, stated that "at this moment every operation
was arrested by the explosion of some cartridges deposited in the
end of the stone building adjoining the contested bastion. The ex-
plosion wan* tremendous — it was decisive — the bastion was restored,"
hereby very improperly misrepresenting the place of the explosion
— the cartridges that explodecl not being in the end of the stone
building adi'^ Miing the contested bastion, but under the platform of
the bastio" aid the end of the stone building lieing occupied by
his own troops, part of the 19th Infantry, who poured from it a
constant and destructive tire on the enemy, and further, by the said
statement, unjustly and to the great injury of part of his army,
ascribing to an untoward accident a victory which had been insured
by the valor and good conduct of his troops, who had fought the
enemy without intermission and at first under the most disad-
vantageous circumstances for more than two houre — and the said
Major-CJeneral Gaines knowing, or it being his duty to have known,
that the enemy had been repeatedly repulse«l and driven from the
interior of the fort, that they had suffered extremely from the fire
of the garrison, to which they could do but little injury, and that
165
had they remained in the bastion but a few minutes longer their
capture or destruction might have been made certain.
CHARGE IV.
Neglect of Duty and Misconduct in Office.
Spec. 1. — In this : That the said Major-General Gaines, in his
principal detailed official report to the Secretary of War of the
battle of Fort Erie aforesaid, stated that " the small unfinished Fort
Erie with a 24, 18 and 12-pounders forms the northeast, and the
Douglass Battery, with an 18 and (j-pounder near the edge of the
lake, the southeast angle of our right, " there being, as it was the
duty of the said Major-Generul Gaines to have known, six pieces of
cannon in Fort Erie and but one, an 18-pounder, in the Douglass
Battery.
Spec. 2. — In this : That the said Major-General Gaines, in his
said official report, stated that " the ^ront of our position had Ijeen
strengthened by temporary afxttis," &c. there being at the time, as it
was the duty of the said Major-Genera\ Gaines to have known, on
what he denominated the front of our position no abatis nor any-
thing representing aJKitis.
Spec. 3. — In this : That the said IVIajor-General Gaines, being
in command of the army of the United States at Fort Erie and the
adjoining fortified encampment, between the 5th and 15th of
August, 1814, and having good reason to expect an attack from the
army of the enemy under the command of Lieut.-General Drum-
mond, gi'eatly superior in numbei"s to his own army, neglected to
strengthen and improve the defence and works of his said position
to the extent he had the means and it was his duty to strengthen
and improve them.
Spec. 4. — In this : That the said Major-General Gaines, Iteing
in command as aforesaid on the 14th of August, 1814, and having
every reason io expect an attack from the enemy's army, under
Lieut.-Gen. Drummond, neglected to make that arrangement and
provision for the defence of B'ort Erie which the place re<iuired,
and which by a proper use of the means at his disposal he might
have made ; and that he intrusted the defence of that place, the
key of his position, to about sixty artillerists and to about one
hundred and eighteen infantry recruits who had never seen service
and were placed in the fort under the most embarrassing and un-
favorable circumstances.
Spec. 5. — In this : That the said Major-General Gaines, on the
15th August, 1814, at the fortified encampment aforesaid, being
then and there in command asaforesi.id, made no attempt to inter-
cept, capture, or destroy the right column of the enemy after it had
166
been effectually repulHed in the battle of the said 15th of AutruHt,
from Towson's battery, and was retreating in great disorder without
flints or cartridges.
Spec. fi. — In this : That the said Major-General Gaines at the
time and place last aforesaid, being then and there in connnand as
aforesaid, neglected to make a sortie on the centre and left colunnis
of the enemy when they were in great confusion in the northeast
bastion of the fort and its surrountfing ditches, in which last place
they could have made but little resistance to an attack on their
flank or rear.
Spec. 7. — In this : That the said Major-General Gaines at the
time and place aforesaid, after the explosion of some ammunition
under the platform of the before mentioned l)astion, suffered the
centre and left columns of the enemy, in great confusion and dis-
order and partly unarmed, to retire fi-om Fort Erie over a plain
without making or having made any effort or attempt to capture
them.
Spec. 8. — In this : That the aforesaid Major-General Gaines
at the time and place aforesaid, being then and there in connnand
as aforesaid, neglected to avail himself of the advantages gained
by the valour of his ti*oops in the action fought between the
American and British forces at Fort Erie and Towson's battery, on
the said 15th August, the situation and condition of the British
forces Ijeing such as would have exposed them to inevitable
destruction had the American army lieen properly commanded.
Finding.
IstNov., 1816.
The court do therefore honorably acquit him (General Gaines)
of the same, and the court feel it to be due to the gocxl of the
service to pronounce that most of the charges appear to it as
frivolous, and the whole of them without support or foundation.
(Sgd.) WiNFiELD Scott,
Brevet Major-General, President.
Lieut. Nacniahon to Mr. Wm. Jarvis.
Camp Before Fort Erie, 22nd August, 1814.
Dear Sir, — I have received and laid before the President
your letter of the 17th, and am sorry that it is not in my power
under present circumstances to prepare warrants for the payment
of your office accounts to the 30th June. I have, however, obtained
the letter of credit for fifty pounds sterling, which in the event of
the warrants not being granted, you desire, and which you will
receive herewith.
167
Since the a^nault of the fort on the morning of the 15th
nothing of any moment has taken place "between the armies.
Cannonading and skirmishing daily takes place, in which there are
always lives lost. The day l)efore yesterday a serious one for the
enemy took place with the Western Indians, in which the former
lost about fifty, killed and wounded, and the latter only two. On
this occasion the Indians l)ehaved with great spirit and drove the
enemy to their very works.
The result of an assault upon the fort we have great cause to
lament, for our loss in valuable officers and the best of our men,
which, including all ranks, was 920, was one which at the present
moment we can but badly bear ; and this is the more to Ik; regretted
as the loss which the enemy sustained on the occasion did not ex-
ceed 50 men. A considerable portion of the lass on our part was
occasioned by the explosion of a quantity of ammunition which
the enemy had placed under the platfonn of the bastion at which
our troops had entered and made a lodgment, and but for which
the place would have been ouix It whs not, however, intentionally
placed there for the purpose, but, seeing the opportunity and avail-
ing himself of it, a corporal of American Artdlery, having got on
a red coat and the cap of a British deserter, and while it was scarce
daylight, got in amongst our men, who were principally in and near
this bastion, and appeared to make himself very busy in working
the gun, which by this time had been turned against the enemy,
and in the bustle he got under the platform and effected his pur-
pose by a slow match. He had but just time himself to slink otf
and get behind a stone building in the fort when this unfortunate
explosion took place, which has left the 103rd Regt., who were
principally at that point, but a mere skeleton. Poor Col. Drum-
mond, whose loss is universally deplored. Colonel Scott of the 103rd,
Capt. Ii'win of the same corps, Capt. Torrens" of the Royals, and
many others, some of whom from their mutilated state could not
be identified, have fallen in this affair. Colonel Drummond was
mortally wounded before the explosion, as was Col. Scott, but the
other officers which I have mentioned were all blown up. Capt.
Elliott of the Quartermaster-General's department was also blown
up, but I am glad to say was only slightly wounded : he is prisoner.
The 103rd have lost on that unfortunate morning, killed, wounded,
&c., 370, and out of 18 officers present 14 were killed and wounded.
De Watteville's Regiment, which were before held in high esti-
mation, lost on that morning their claim to distinction. That
corps with the King's and some of the flank companies of other
regiments composed the right column, under Colonel Fischer of the
former corps, which was destined to attack an important point of
168
the enemy's workfi, and it ma»*ched with the greatest steatliness and
order till within about three hundred yards of the point of attack,
when suddenly the Dutchmen caught a panic which no exertions of
the officers could remove, and that regiment, being strong and rather
near the head of the column, when they turned all the other corps
in rear, who were weak, were compelled to give way.
The enemy kept up a most tremendous fire of musquetry and
artillery from half-past two o'clock until daylight, when our troops
retired, during which time a single shot was not discharged by us,
the whole dependence being placed in the bayonet when the troops
should enter the works for the accomplishment of the object, and
to prevent the possibility of men breakmg through the ordei's the
flints were all taken out of the musquets. The enemy maintained
their ground with bravery, but then they had all the firing to
themselves, and few of our men came in contact with them. We
were for a day or two greatly dispirited, but it is now dispelled and
the troops in high spirits once more. We are preparing again for
offensive operations.
Believe me, dear sir, faithfully yours,
Edw. MacMahon.
William Jarvis, Esq.
Extract from a Letter from Col. J. Le €outenr to Col. H. Le
Conteur.
17 Chapel Street,
Belgravia, 29th July, 1869.
My Dearest Halkett, — I was greatly interested in that part
of your letter in which you tell of my gallant friend's death, Col.
Scott of the 103d, at the storming of Fort Erie.
After we were blown up, some three or four hundred men, by
the springing of the nune or magazine in Fort Eiie, on recovering
my senses from being blown off the parapet some twenty feet into
the ditch, which was filled with burnt and maimed men, the Yankees
relined their works and fired heavily into the ditch.
My colonel, Drummond of Keltic, had commanded the right
attack, Col. Scott the left attack. Finding that the ditch was not
to be held under such disarray and such a fire, several of us jumped
over the scarp and ran over the plain to our lines. Lieut. Fallon of
the 103d, who was desperately wounded, was caught by his sling
belt in a log and thought to die there ; however, I said to my
grenadier friend, " Jack, my lx>y, put your arm over my neck and I
will take you round the waist and run you into the lines." The
Yankees were then pelting us with grape and musketry. As we
169
jogged on I saw an officer carried on his back in some sort of a
stretcher and I said to the four men, " Who is that officer ? " ' Col.
Scott, sir, shot through the head," where I saw the bullet mark in
the noble man's forehead. When I got my friend into the lines,
regardless of who was by, in a fit of sorrow, I threw my sabre down
exclaiming, " This is a disgraceful day for Old England." Col. M.,
who heart! me, said, " For shame, Mr. Le Couteur ! The men are
sufficiently discouraged by defeat." Col. Pearson said, " Don't blame
him ! It is the high feeling of a young soldier." To my surprise
the commander-in-chief, Sir Gordon Drummond, had heard all this
as he was close l^ehind and asked me, " Where is Col. Scott ?"
" Oh ! Sir ! He is killed, just being brought in by his men."
"Where is Col. Drummond?" "Alas! Sir! He is killed too!
Baytmetted !" And I burst into tears at the lo.ss of my 1)eloved
coumiander and three parts of my men. Sir Gordon innnediately
gave me ordei-a to collect all the stragglei-s, line the works, and
prepare to resist an attack should the Yankees a.ssault our works,
which they di<l not do.
Poor Drummond's body remained in the American lines blown
up. Col. Scott received a soldier's funeral — a most amiable and
gallant officer ; indeed, there were no two more heroic men in our
army.
Dr. Yonng, Surgeon of 103rd Regiment, to Mr. James Scott,
Writer to the Signet, Ediiiburgii.
Quebec, 20th December, 1814.
Dear Sir, — I wrote you in August last announcing the death
of your much lamented brother, the late Col. Scott. Part of the
regiment arrived here a few days ago and the rest are on their way
for this place, where we are to winter. On their arrival I expect
to be able to settle all the concerns of your brother in the regiment
and send you a statement of them. The affaii*s of the regiment
have been in much confusion of late from the loss of so many of
the principal officers, viz. : your brother and the adjutant and Capt.
Irwin, the acting paymaster, &c., and the corps have not been
together, and they have suffered severely from sickness.
I informed you in my last that your brother on being wounded
was attended by some of our men and one of the assistant surgeons
of the 89th Regt. He inquired for me, and as I was not present he
directed that all his effects should be given to me. In consecjuence
of this Lieut.-Col. Smelt desired me to take charge of his property
and to settle his affairs, and if I required it that he would give me
every assistance in his power, and to write you the particulars of
170
hie last moments. Altho' I had the honor of being more in your
brother's confidence than any one in the regiment, he never hinted
anything to me concerning liis affairs in this country in case of his
fall. 1 suppose he considered them of too trivial a nature, as he
had left his will at home. The night of the attack I slept on the
ground with him under a piece of canvas suspended from a branch
of a tree, but not sufficient to protect us from the inclemency of a
dreadful rainy night. I asked him his opinion of the attack ; he
spoke unfavorably of it, yet tho' drenched with rain he was in high
spirits, and his last words to me before he led off the corps were :
" We shall breakfast together in the fort in the morning. ' Alas !
when I saw him again he was mortally wounded and he could not
speak to me, but the slight pressure from his hand and the languid
expression of his countenance seemed to say, "I am dying ! Farewell !
I leave you my best wishes."
Extract from Dr. Young's Letter of Auk. 18th« 1814, to Nr. Scott.
Your brother was wounded in the fort. He was carried off by
a sergeant of grenadiei*s and one of the men. His remains were
intended on the evening of the day on which he fell. We had a
coffin made by the regunental carpentens, who have since enclosed
his grave with a wooden paling. His funeral was attended by
three officere and myself, the whole that remained untouched after
the attack.
Sir George Prevost to Lieut.*€eneral Drumniond.
(Secret.)
Headquarters, Montreal, 25th July, 1814.
Sir, — I have had the honor of your letter of the 20th inst.
transmitting four letters (originals) from Major-General Riall, with
their enclosures from Lieut.-Colonel Tucker of the 4l8t and Major
Evans of the King's Regiment. The events detailed in these,
which have lately taken place on the Niagara frontier, are highly
creditable to the steadiness and gallantry of the troops, and to the
skill and judgment of the officers in command of them.
The general features of the campaign have been so much the
subject of my late communications that but little remains for me
to add.
Your local knowledge will give you great advantage and
much is left to your discretion, upon which I have the fullest
reliance.
Should the enemy remain at Queenston after the concentration
of our forces upon the 12 or 20-Mile Creek has taken place, would
171
it not be expedient to crosH over some troops to Fort Niagara for
the purpose of being detached from thence to Lewiston to deprive
the Americans of that debouche to retreat.
The movement from the fort ought to be simultaneous with
the advance upon Queenston Heiglits. It appears to me that the
sooner you commence molesting Ueneral Brown's line of communi-
cation and by which he obtains his supplies, the easier will his task
prove.
It is now state*! that Commodore Chauncey's sijuadron will not
be ready to take the lake before the end of the month. If that
information prove correct and Brown's anny remains stationary at
Queenston, I have hopes if will not escape without a severe retri-
bution for the evils it has inflicted. I have enumerated in the
margin the corps with and destined for the Right and Centre
Divisions ; the expansion of the force to the Right Division must
depend on the success of your operations, never losing sight of the
pnncipal object of the campaign, the destruction of Sackett's
Harbour.
Major-General Powei-s' brigade consisting of the 3rd, 5th, 27th
and 58th Regmients, from Bordeaux, is in the river, and part of it
has arrived at Quebec. It left Bordeaux on the 5th June,
(Memo, in the Margin.)
Proposed force of the Right Division :
Ist Battn. Royals.
()th Regt.
1st Battn. King's.
4 1st Regt.
82d do . '
89th do .
100th do .
103d do .
*
104th flank companies.
Canadian Fencibles.
Glengarry Light Infantry.
De Watteville s Regiment.
Exclusive of cavalry, artillery, militia and Indian warriore.
Proposed force of the Centre Division :
16th Regt.
90th do .
97th do .
104th do .
Nova Scotia Fencibles.
Exclusive of artillery, cavalry and nnlitia.
172
Sir Cieorg« Prevost to Lord Bathnrst* SecretJiry of State for the
Colonies.
(No. las.)
Heaikjuahters, Montreal, 5th August, 1814.
My Lord, — I hml the honor of addreHsing Your Lordship on
the 18th of hwt month, for the purjKJse of reporting that the enemy
crossed the Niagara River on the 8rd, and of stating the events
that had resulted from that movement.
As soon as I becivme ac<|uainted with the intention of His
Majesty's government strongly to reinforce the army in the North
American Provinces, tho trtH)ps in Lower Canada not innnediately
employed in opposing the advance of the United States commanded
by Major-(Jeneral I'/Awd against the Richelieu frontier, were pushed
forward under Major-deneral (\)nran to replace those Lieutenant-
General Drunuuond had drawn from York and Kingston, with the
view of strengthening the Right Division, to the conun&nd of which
Lieutenant-General Drummond had repaired with characteristic
promptitude l)efore my wishes on the subject could be made known
to him.
I have the high satisfaction of transmitting to Your Lordship
Lieutenaut-General Drummond's detail of the distinguished exer-
tions of that division of the army near the Falls of Niagara on the
25th of last month, when the skill and the valour ami discipline of
his troops were eminently conspicuous, and I beg 1 ave to join the
Lieutenant-Oeneral in soliciting His Royal High. less the Prince
Regent's gracious reward of the officoi's particularized in his report.
Major-General Coiiran arrived at Fort (Jeorge with a wing of
De Watteville's Regiment on the 2J)th ulto. — the remainder of that
corps, with the (Jth and 82nd Regiments, were fast approaching
York. I have just received a report that His Majesty's ships VorK
and Vengeuf are at anchor in the river, ami that the transports
under their convoy with tr(H)ps from France are arriving at Quebec.
This despatch will be «lelivered to Your Lordshij: 'oy Captain
Jervois, aide-de-camp to Lieutenant-General Drummond. Having
shared in the events of the 25th, he can satisfy Your Lordships
entjuiries respecting tl.cm, and he is well calculated to gi'e Your
Lordship full infornif.tion upon the state of the Upper Pi ince.
Sir Ceorge Prevost to Lord Batiiiirst.
(Mo. 184.)
Headquarters, Montreal, 5th August, 1814.
Mv Lord, — Intelligence has just reached me that Oommodoi*e
Chauncey's Hijuatlron was undc weigh and cruising out of Sackett's
178
Harbor on the Ist inst., probably for the purpose of proceeding off
Niagara in order to co-operate with Major-General Brown.
ThiH rteet will amve too late to be a^y material service to the
American army. It \h perhaps intended -o receive on boanl all the
troops which can be procurea from that fi-ontier in order to convey
them to Sackott's Harlxjur, there to be reinforced by the disposable
part of that garrison and then to attempt the execution of part of
General Armstrong's plan of operations towards the close of this
campaign, p«.i*ticularly the interruption of tl»e intercourse between
the two Fi-ovinces.
Your Lordship may rely on my adopting every practicable
precautionary measure to prevent the success of such a (fesign.
The transports with the two last brigades of tr(K)ps fn)in
Bordeaux are approaching Quebec, where arrangements have been
nuuie for their being pushed forward without a moment's delay.
But notwithstanding every exertion, it will Ik' impossible to collect
the whole force in the neigh lK)rh(X)d of this place Itefore the end of
the present month.
This circumstaiice is the less to he regretted as our fleets on
the hikes cannot attain a suflicient strength to eo-opei'ate with the
divisions of the army assembling for the <lestruction of Sackett's
Harljour and the occupation of Plattsburg l)efore the 15th of next
month, and without their aid an<l protection nothing could l)e
undertaken affording a reasonable hope of Hul)sttintial advantage.
The Stiite of W'rmont having shown a decided ()n)K)sition to
the war and very large supplies of specie daily connng in from
thence, as well as the whole of the cattle re^juired for the use of the
troops, I mean for the present to confine myself in any offensive
operations which may take place to the western shoi'e of Lake
Champhiin.
Sir Geonre PrevoHt to Lieut, deneral Drninmond.
HEAIKirAltTEHS, MoNTIlEAL, IJitll AugUSt. 1«I4.
I^IU, — I have had the honor to receive your lettei-s of tlie 81st
ulto. an<'. 4th inst. I have only to observe in reply tluit your
suggestion respecting Kingston has been anticipated by tlie arrange-
ments which have l)een ma<le for tissembliiig \i\ the fii-st instance
General Kempt's brigade at this place and the allotment of it for
the service you mention.
I have remarked with pain and mortification the conduct of
the troops under the command of Lieut-Colonel Tucker in the
enterprise entruste<l to him on the right Iwink of the Niagara river,
and nuist confess I had expecte<l a very difFei*ent result
174
The enemy appear to have made extraoriinary exertions since
the last action, for the defence of the position they have taken up.
The caution, therefore, with which you have acted in the previous
measures to an attack upon them I cannot but commend as being
the best calculated to obtain the end wished for — the defeat and
expulsion of the enemy without an unnecessary effusion of blood.
I am in hopes that the tire of your batteries, which I observe
by a letter from Colonel Harvey of the 6th inst. were to open on
the 7th, will have hII the effect you expect from them, particularly
their vertical fire and rrxjkets, which will l^e most likely to intimi-
flate the enemy.
Precautionary measures ought immediately to be ttiken to replace
from the depots at Kingston tl;e small arm and great gun ammu-
nition which shall Ikj expended on the Niagara frontier.
The reports received from Kingston of the return of Chauncey
to Sackett's Harbour on the 0th, 'ead me to hope that the Gth and
82nd Regiments will have no difficulty in joinnig you. Strength-
ene«l by such a description of men as they are comp)sed of, you
will be competent to resist any efforts of the enemy, however they
may l)e reinforced, and I trust finally to expel them.
The measures you shal' adopt for that purpose will, I am satis-
fied, be prudent and proper.
Whilst such important operations have been pending. Major
Coore has acted right in availing himself of my instructions to
remain at your headiiuartere.
Sir George Prevost to Lieut.-Cieiieral Drumniond.
(An IiitAvoaptml Lattar)
Montreal, Aug. 2(5, 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
official letters of the 15th an<l Kith with their enclosures, and a
private (me of the 17th inst.
I do most deeply regret the .se(|uel of the gallant enterprise
which put into your possession two of the enemy's schooners.
You appear to have been inclined to precipitate the attack of Fort
Erie by a desire to reap the full benefit of the spirit of emulation
produced by that daring achievement. If the object had been
accomplished, a scrutiny of the operations to attain it would have
been e(|ually excited, and it is not in reproach of its failure that I
observe to you that night attacks ma«Je with heavy troops are very
objectionable, principally because chance and not skill too frequently
decide the contest, and that at night difficulties and dangera are
ever magnified, particularly when they present themselves un-
176
expectedlv, and in the latter case the best disciplined troops are
placed only on a level with raw and unforme<l soldiers.
It is to be inferred from Lieui-Colonel Fischer's report and
your statement that the Right Column was not sufficiently prepared
for the obstacles it had to surmount in attaining the point of attack,
otherwise neither hesitation nor consternation would have presented
themselves.
I acknowledge that I feel apprehensive you have rather
yielded to than approved the eagerness of the Bight Division to
mcrease its fame, before you were sufficiently prepared for the
entei-prise. Your skill and excellent judgment will profit by
experience in your future operations, by guarding you against
public opinion, however clamorous, when it would sacrifice your
well-earned reputation and the honor and safety of the army placed
under your command.
I sincerely hope the candor with which I have disclosed my
sentiments on your last operation will be to you their \)est apology.
They flow from a source unpolluted by any invidious feeling.
The 37th is ordered to Kingston, from w^heuce General Stovin
is desired to send you the 97th or any other corps you may
have demanded. Major-General Kempt with the remainder of the
troops will soon follow. My views in sending that officer U) King-
ston will l)e fleveloped to you by the Adjutant-General.
Mir George Prevost to Lieat.*Cieneral Sir Gordon Drummond.
(An InteMMptad E<«tt«r.)
Montreal, Aug. 26th, 1814.
Sir, — Major Coore has this moment delivered to me your letter
of the 16th. I view with pain the agony of mind you experience
from the unfortunate termination of the night attack you had been
induced to make on the 15th, and would gladly soothe your feelings
on the occasion by anything I could offer in addition to the senti-
ments you will find expressed in the letter I addressed to you this
moniing, but all I have heard since has confirmed )ny prejudices to
highly important operations l)eing performed in the dark. Too
much was required from De Watteville's Regiment so situated and
deprived, as I am told they were, of their flints. The atteFupt has
proved a costly experiment, and its result will be severely felt.
As you have hxe<l on the 90th, or<lei*H shall be given for that
regiment to proceed to you without delay. I had intendetl the 97th
for that service as being men of a hardy description, but the num-
l)ers of the 90th will probably make them equally useful to you.
When this regiment, together with the 6th and 82nd, shall have
176
joined you, you will, I have no doubt, be enabled to efface the
recollection of the late disaster and to effect the expulsion of the
enemy from the Province.
Sir Geoive Prevost to Tice Admiral tlie Honorable Alexander
Cochrane*
Headquarters, Montreal, 30th July, 1814.
Sir, — Since writing to you on the 20th June last communi-
cating the wanton destruction of private property on the noi'th
shore of Lake Erie, a repetition of similar outrages has taken place
(11 the Niagara frontier. The enemy crossed the Niagara river
with (),000 men on the 8<1 of July, and having innnediately after-
wards got posseHsion of Fort Erie advanced towards Chippawa,
where Major-General Riall had collected about 1,500 trooi)s, ex-
clusive of militia and Indians. With this small foi*ce, he on the 5th
anticipated the attack which the enemy hml intended to make on
his positicm on the following day, and after a severe contest of
several hours, in consequence of the great inferiority in his num-
bei-s, he was obliged to retire to his lines at Chippawa with great
lo.ss. Two days afterwai"ds, his position being turned, he retreated
to Fort George, and the American army advance*! to Queenston.
In this situation it remained for nearly three weeks, occasionally
making a demonstration for attacking the forts, but evidently
waiting for the co-operation of the fleet from Sackett's Harbour.
Inuring this time the possession by the enemy of Queenston and
t David's with a force far superior to any we could oppvwe tt) it,
c-.iabled them to follow up with impunity the same disgraceful
incxle of warfare to which they have hitherto so fi*enuently resorted,
the wanton destruction of private property. The villages of
Queenston and St. David's were connnitte<l t<) the flames by them
and totally destroyed.
Lieutenant-General Drununond arrived at Fort George on the
24th, and the enemy, despairing of any co-operation from the fleet,
bi'gan on the following day to retreat from Queenston. Major-
General Riall being immediately pushed forward with the advance
to harass them on their retreat, wa« attacked by their whole force
on the evening of that day, and General Drummond shortly after-
wards coming up with the remainder of our disposiible troop.s on
that frontier, a general action commenced, which terminated at mid-
night by the total discomfiture of the enemy. I have not yet
received the official details of the action, but the enclosed will give
you the substance of the information which has reached me re-
specting it.
177
You will observe by it that the enemy on the last moment of
retiring added another act of wanton outrage to those before com-
mitted, by the destruction of Messrs. Clarke and Street's mills, the
most useful and valuable in the country, and the loss of which will
be long and severely felt by the peaceful and unoffending in-
habitants, who were accustomed to resort to them with their grain.
These events so dishonorable to the American character, so
little merited by the forbearance I have practiced, I deem it my
duty to bring under your consideration as affording ample grounds
of justification for any conflagrations which may have taken place
on the coast, and as calling loudly for a severe retribution, which I
trust when opportunities offer you will not fail to inflict.
§lr Cieorffe Prevost to Lord Bathurst*
(No. lar.)
Headquarteks, Montreal, 14th August, 1814.
My Lord, — Since I had the honor of addri'Msing Your I^ord-
ship on the 5th inst., it has Ijeen ascertained that the enemy's
.s(juadron sailed from Sackett's Harl)our on the 4th with reinforce-
ments of troops for General Brown's army, which were disembarked
on the 6th a few u.iles below the foi-t of Niagara, near a rojid lead-
ing to Buffalo.
The fleet afterwards made its appearance off York and King-
ston, and are now blockading the latter port. The naval ascen«lency
possessed by the enemy on Lake Ontario enables him to perfonn in
two days what our ti^oops going from Kingston to I'emforce the
Right Division require fn>ni sixteen to twenty of severe marching
to accomplisl) : their men arrive fresh, whilst ours are fatigued and
with an exhausted e(|uipment. The route from Kingston to the
Niagara frontier exceeds two hundred and fifty miles, and passes in
several places through a tract of country impracticable for the con-
veyance of extensive supplies. By our exertions ti»e Right
Division has been placed l)eyond the apprehension of any material
want before the periinl fixed by Sir James Yeo for taking the lake
with his augmented fleet; until then our l)esfc endeavors will be
used to prevent the enemy fnmi making a serious impression on the
Upper Province. Whilst Kingston is blockaded, Your Ijordship
must be aware that no movement against Sackett's Harl)our can
take place. It will require extreme vigilance to prevtMit the inter-
ruption of our intercoui*se from hence with that post, and to secure
the highly important supplies which are at this moment on their
way for an ulterior service and for the armament of the large ship,
178
BA well aH the tranHport of the frame and Htoren of one of our
frigates.
The accoHjpanying tlespatch from Lieut. -General Drummond
addressed to me, together with the reply I nuule, will show Your
Lordship the exact state of our affairs on the Niagara frontier on
the 6th inst, at which time the enemy did not manifest any dis-
position to recross the Niagara River, an event not to be regi*etted
provided our resources are sufficient (as I trust they are) to compel
them to lay down their arms or to atten»pt such a retreat as cannot
fail to prove disastrous to them.
It is with regret I state to Your Lordship that it appears by
Lieut-Colonel Harvey's letter of the (3th, referred to in my reply to
General Drumn»on<rs despatch, that Major-General Conran, who had
just assumed the command of the Right Division, had been so much
injured by a severe fall from his horse as to be incapable of serving
for some time. Another Major-General has been immediately
ordered forward to supply his place.
Sir deorge Prevo§t to Lord Bathurst.
iMo. 189.)
HEAIMil'ARTERS, MONTREAL, 27th AugUst, 1«14.
Mv Lord, — The successful result of the gallant enterprise
against the enemy "s small vessels laying off Fort Erie, as detailed
in the enclosed extract of a despatch from Lieut.-Cieneral Drum-
mond, having encouraged the expectation that a favorable period
had arrived for attacking the enemy in their entrenchment, the
Lieut. -General was induced to order an assault upon Fort Erie and
the works coiniected with it before the break of day on the 15th inst.
It is with deep concern I have now to ac(]uaint Your Lordship
tliat notwithstandnig there was the fairest prospect of success at
the commencement of the attack, our troops were afterwards
obliged to retire without accomplishing their object and with very
considerable loss.
To Lieut.-General Drununond's official report on this subject
(a copy of which I have the honor of transmitting) I lt)eg leave to
i*efer Your Lordship for the causes of our failure. It is, however,
highly satisfactory to know that until the unfortunate explosion
took place, and until His Majesty's troops by their near approach to
the (Mhxtitt in front of the intrenchments met such difficulties in
penetrating as were found to be insurmountable without the aid of
light, they behaved with their usual gallantry and discipline, and
179
had ^aine<l by their determined efforts jul vantages which accident
alone appears to have compelled tl em to forego.
By accounts fi-om Major-Genei il Dnnnmond to the 18th inst.,
I find he has since the 15th been joined by the 82nd Regiment and
that the (Hh was on the way and would probably be with the Right
Division by this time. These regiments and reinforcements which
are proceeding to the Right Division will fully supply the late
losses and enable the Lieut.-General again to connnence offensive
operations against the enemy's position.
(Bxtraot.)
Mo. 100.
HEADglAKTERS. MoXTUEAL, 27th AugUst, 1814.
My Lord, —
The vacillatory communications I have received from Sir
James Yeo put it out of my power to stjite to Your Lordship
exactly when the first-rate ship building at Kingston will be
launched, but from the representations of Major Coore, my aide-de-
camp, who is just returned from the Right Division, it is not prob-
able can take place before the middle of next month, and in con-
sequence all hopes of seeing our s({uadron on Lake Ontario Ijefore
the fiiTst week in October have vanished.
The njost pres.sing and impoi*tant service to be performed by
the Conunodore Jis soon as his s(juadron shall have ac(iuired the
ascendence is the conveyance of fresh troops, with a large pro-
portion of provisions and supplies of every description, to York and
the Niagara frontier before the navigation closes, and to bring from
those places to Kingston the exhausted corps, the disabled and the
sick who can endure transport.
In the accompanying copy of a letter from Lieut.-Ueneral
Drummond on the subject of supplies, Your Lordsliip will find there
is ample cause for the anxiety I experience respecting our m*val
preparations, as well as for the delay in the arrival of provisions
sufficient for ten thousand men for .six months, which Your Lord-
ship in your secret dispatch of the 3d of June did me the honor to
announce as ordered to Vie immendiately shipped for Quebec.
The resources of the Upper Province benig exhausted, a large
supply of provisions of every nature must be thrown into it before
the navigation of the St. Lawrence and Lake Ontario becomes
impracticable. Unfortunately our magazines do not afford salt pro-
visions for the purpose, and of that important article nmch will be
required, more, I apprehend, than it will be possible to transport
180
from Quebec to Kingnton unlesH winter is more backward in its
approach than usual, or that the supply is nearer at hand than I
contemplate.
In fact, my Lord, two-thirds of the army in Canada are at this
moment eating beef provided by American contractors, drawn
principally from the States of Vermont and New York. This
circumstance, as well as the introduction of large sums of specie
into this Province, being notorious in the United States, it is to be
expected that Congress will take steps to deprive us of those
resources, and under that apprehension large droves are daily cix>ss-
ing the lines coming into Lower Canada.
The accompanying rejwrt from Commissary-Oen(»ral Robinson
will enable Your Lordship to judge of some of the difficulties which
attend the operations in this country, and to see that the supplies
of our army are not the least, but that they augment as war is
protracted.
€onimls8ary*G«neral W. H. Robinson to Sir Cieorge Prevost.
MoNTHEAL, 27th August, 1814.
Sill, — I have the honor to report to Your Excellency that I
this day received a letter from Deputy-Comniissary-(3('iieral Couche,
covering a communication from Deputy-ComnuHsary-General Tur-
quand, which excites in my mind the greatest alarm on account of
the want of provisions on the Niagara line. I had been led to be-
lieve the right division consisted of about nine thousand men
entitled to draw provisions, including Indians, and that there was
an ample supply to serve that number to the 1st October. But I
now learn with extreme concern that fourteen thousand rations are
issued daily, one-half of these to Indians and their families, and
that the present state of the magazines does not admit of a
hope that the army can, with every exertion of the conniiissariat
attached to the right division, be victualled beyond the middle of
next month, though 1 have every reliance on the zeal and abilities
of Commissary-General Turquand.
The season of the year is unfavorable there for procuring
flour, as the crop of last year must l»e consumed and that of the
present harvest is not yet available, even if the mills had not l^een
destroyed by the enemy.
With respect to cattle, I need not inform Your Excellency
th"* the constant drain upon the country for fresh meat for the
tr js, the depredations of the enemy and the Indians, have
entirely exhausted the Upper Province of any kind of uieat. Fore-
seeing the evils I have now the honor to represent, I have not failed
181
to throw a large (luantity of proviuions into KingHton, a return of
which iH enclosed as late as the 20th inst.
The difficulties in accomplishing this object are well known to
Your Excellency even if notning but provisions had been re(|uired,
but when it is considered the immense quantity of naval stores
that have been transported to meet the common expenditure of an
extensive dockyard to constnict frigates ami ships of the first rate,
with their armament, ordnance and other stores, besides all the
hospital, Uirrack, engineer, and regimental stores, with the innumer-
able other articles reijuisite for the supply of forts, garrisons, and
camps, I feel confident that the exertions of my depai*tment will be
acknowledged, and that they have exceeded the expectations of
Your Excellency as much as I confess they have done my own.
For the impe<liments of the navigation, the scarcity of workmen,
laboivrs and voyayeurM, are not to l>e describefl — in fact they are in-
calculable, yet they have l>een surmounted hitherto and at a time
when the supply of all the posts in this district, the arrival of
troops, and the general increjise of every establishment and of the
military force throughout the Canadas, forming, it may be said, a
new era in the present war, have all called for new and incessant
efTorts, as all these circumstances necessarily create fresh labors in
the commissariat. Deputy-Commissary Couche has endeavored by
every means to forward supplies to the head of Lake Ontario, and
several small vessels were despatehed while the enemy's s<]uadron
were unable to leave Sackett's Harlior, but as the exertions of the
enemy have been more successful than ours in completing ships
sufficient to command the navigation of the lake, that resource is
for the moment cut off and only batteaux can be employed. These
ai*e a very useful conveyance, not oidy from the danger of the
enemy's small vessels which can approach the shore without
difficulty, but also fmni the want of pi*oper steei'smen, pilots, and
middlemen.
Mr. Couche has, liowever, succee<le<l in despatching twenty-four
l)atteaux loaded with ffour and pork, which have been chiefly
manned by the soldiei*s of the Nova Scotia Fencibles and a few
pilots, with great difficulty procured fi-om the country. But this
leeble means of transport wdl never effect the forming a sufficient
depot at York, Burlington Heights ami Niagara, and uidess the
commissariat can be aided to a gi'eat extent by the Royal Navy the
most disastrous consequences must ensue, which no efforts, no
arrangement of mine, can avert.
My only hope rests upon the prospect of our ffeet being very
soon superior to that of the enemy, when the first object, I trust,
will be to convey provisions from Kingston to the head of the lake,
182
of the necessity of which it would be aseless for me to dwell upon
after the foregoing representations, for Your Excellency is aware
that the roa<l between Kinjfston and Niagara is not practicable for
loaded wagons, therefore land carriage is out of the (juestion, and
the most ample assistance from the Royal Navy will be iniperiously
demanded jis the only means of supporting the right division of
the army.
On my part 1 shall continue the transport of provisions from
hence to Kingston, but I am sorry to say I am not enabled to send
any more salt meat at present, having already drained the stores of
Lower Canada for the supply of Kingston as far as prudence would
admit. The arrival of the June convoy will probably relieve my
anxiety, though from its being so late I have "many apprehensions,
when the season of the year increases the difficulties of transport, as
to the distribution of the expected supplies to all the posts from
Quebt'C to Niagara, yet, if J am led to expect, the superiority on the
lake is shortly obtained by the completion of the lOO-gun ship now
on the stocks and the recjuired »issistance from the squadron is
afforded, the right division may be supported, but it never can be
effected without cordial and efficient aid from the Royal Navy.
Sir Ci. DruiuEuond to Sir J. Yeo.
HEADgUARTERS,
Camp before Fort Erie, 18th Aug., 1814.
Sir, — I feel it incund)ent on me to represent to you, that in
consecpience of the operations of this division being by the late
unfortunate events protracted so much beyond the period which
had been expected, and the consequent necessity of bringing for-
ward to this position a greater force than was intended, its wants
in provisions, ammunition, and stores of every kind, have become
so alarmingly gi'eat and urgent that nothing but the assistance of
the whole of H. M. squadron on Lake Ontario can enable it to con-
tinue its operations against the enemy, or even to retain its present
position on this frontier. I enclose for your information a copy of
the latest return of the provisions with this division. Of the utter
impfjssibility of getting up an adequate or timely supply from
Kingston in the present interrupted state of our communication,
(a blockading scjuadron of the enemy's vessels being left off Niagara
for the- important object of obstructing it,) you are yourself per-
fectly aware. All, therefore, that can be done by your forces is to
hasten the equipment of the new ship, and, the moment the squad-
ron can sail, to push up to this point with every article of provi-
sions and stores which the departuient of the army at Kingston
188
may apply to you to receive. If in the ineantiine any material
supplieH could by your force be puHhed on to York, they will l»e
moHt acceptable and invaluable.
Lieat.*Gen. Drummoud to Sir Cieo. Prevost.
HEADyUARTEKS,
Camp Before Fort Erie, 21st Aug., 1814.
Sir, — Nothing; important haw occurred Hince my letter of the
15th. The troopH have been refreHhed, aunnunition hoH lx;en
brought up, and a long IS-pdr. \h on its way from Fort George. I
have employed the engineei* officerH in nelecting a site for a Imttery
much nearer to the fort, and in different reconnoiHsances neceHsary
to be made for this purpose we have had fre<|uent occasions to drive
in the enemy's pic(|uetH, which has always l)een done with loss on
his part. Yesterday a feeble eftbrt wjis made by the enemy to sup-
port his piccpiets, when our Indians behaved with uncommon spirit
and drove back the whole of his riflemen, supported by some
hundre«ls of his regular troops, without its being necessary for our
troops to advance to their support. From the number of .scalps
that were taken by the IndiaiiH and the number of dead and
woun<led which were seen carried into the fort, the enemy must
have lost 40 or 50 men in this affair. It also appeai-s that a party
of his riflemen must have fled with great precipitation, from the
numbers of rifle-arms which have been brought in. The casualties
of our Indians were only two wounded. Our troops are in the best
spirits, those of the enemy very much depressed by the display of
intrepidity on the part of our troops in the late attisick, which they
are in the nightly expectation of being repeated. The deserters to
to us are on the average of 6 or 7 a day, and the fear of the Indians
alone prevents greater numbers from coming over. We have very
few desertions, and the troops bear the little privations and hard-
ships of the service with great cheerfulness.
The battery which I propose to establish will be within 500 or
600 yards of the place ; being in the centre of the wootls it will
re(|uire some days to cut and secure a communication to the spot.
In the meantime gabions and fascines are constructing, and when-
ever the necessary previous arrangements are made the battery,
(which I propose to consist of three heavy long guns and one 8 inch
mortar, supported by the fire of a couple of guns in the present
battery,) will be quickly thrown up and armed, and I hope by that
time the arrival of the 6th Regt. and the remainder of the 82nd
will place me in a situation to avail myself of the opening into the
enemy's fort and works which the artillery and engineer officera
184
«
most confidently assure me its fire will certainly make in a very
short time.
Within these last few days the enemy has endeavored to
alarm me for the security of my communication to the rear, and
has made a show of moving troops and boats in the direction of
Schlosser, as if his object was an attempt on the two captured
schooners, which are in the creek at Chippawa. In addition to
their crews of seamen and marines, there is a detachment of 50
men with a 6 pdr. field piece at Chippawa, and I have ordered a
couple of companies of militia to assemble there every night. It
is my intention to order the remains of the 103d Regt. to this post
on the arrival of the 6th. This post I have ordered to be placed
in a defensible state and a new permanent bridge constructed
accoiding to the enclosed plans ; in the meantime a temporary
bridge passable for waggons and a scow for artillery have been con-
structed, and one of the guns, 12-pdr. from the schooners, has been
placed in the old battery, which has been restored by the seamen.
I have no apprehensions for the security of Chippawa or of my
communications.
I must now speak to Your Excellency of the wants of this
division and the mode of transporting the supplies.
A7mnunition. — The battery of field guns on this frontier hav-
ing, by some extraordinary mistake, been ordered by the command-
ing officer of artillery in Canada to be kept supplied with only
200 rounds per gun. To show the absolute unfitness of the person
in the important situation of t' -.^ assistant coran sary in the field
train department with this -vision, I enclose copy of a letter
which he has addressed to the senior ofiicer at Fort. George for my
information. Various instances of neglect have been reported to
me and have fallen under my observation, (but which I have not
now time to particularize,) make me desirous that Mr. Assistant
Commissary Gordon should be immediately relieved here in his
important charge by a proper officer, and that a sufficient number
of inferior officers may be appointed to make the department
efficient.
Artillery. — It is absolutely necessary that at least another
efficient company should be sent up. Weak as the regiments are
here, they are obliged to furnish additional gunners and drivers to
enable us to man our guns. Regular officers of drivers are much
wanted, the only regular officer (Lieut. Jack) having gone down,
there remains only one Provincial officer of that corps with this
division.
Artijicers. — A company of sappers and miners is equally re-
quired at this ac'iVanced season. Not only no preparations have been
185
made, but we possess no means of making anything like adequate
preparations for covering the troops which it may be necessary
to retain on this frontier during the approaching winter. The
Deputy-Commissary-General reports that such is the distress and
suffering of the country, and the want of population as of energy
in what remains, that he has not yet been able to make a single
contract for the supply of fuel for the troops.
Provisions. — By the beginning of next month we are likely to
begin to experience the most alarming deficiency, even in the grand
essential of flour. Spirits also, I fear, will by that time fail, and if
that should unfortunately be the case the health of the troops must,
(particularly if they remain in the field,) suffer, and the diseases of
last campaign may again thin our ranks ; hitherto they are uncom-
monly healthy — this I am confident must in a great measure be
attributed to an extra allowance of half a gill of spirits, which I
have authorized and which I propose to continue as long as I have
the means and the troops continue in the field. I have also found
it necessary to authorize the daily issue of the ration of spirits to
the staff officers, who have no greater means in the present state of
this division of procuring wine, &c., than the regimental officers.
Transcripts of the order are enclosed.
Barracks. — Stores of every description, particularly stoves, of
which there are abundance at Kingston.
Of the various wants as above enumerated, the whole, with
the exception of the artillery and artificers, can, I believe, be sup-
plied from Kingston. As to the mode of transport. Your Excel-
lency will at once see that it is by the squadron alone that relief
can reach us, and from the accounts I have lately received of the
state of forwardness of the new ship I really begin to fear that re-
lief by this mode ma^ not reach us in time. I enclose copy of a
letter which I have thought it incumbent on me to address to Com-
modore Sir James Lucas Yeo on this subject. I have to entreat
that Your Excellency will make such further communications as
may appear necessary to urge the Commodore to use all possible
expedition in preparing the squadron for that service, which is
certainly far more important than any other on which it can be
employed, as on its rapid and successful performance depends the
fate of this division.
I propose that the 90th Regt. shouM come up in the squadron,
and to send down some of the most exhausted corps on its return.
I rejoice to find that so iine a force as that under Gen. Kempt
has l)een ordered to Kingston, and as I am sanguine in hoping that
by the return of the squadron I shall be enabled, after conducting
my operations on this frontier to a successful and satisfactory issue,
186
to repair to Kingston myself in time to receive Your Excellency's
orders respecting the operations of the force assembled there.
Ltt-Gen. Drnmmond to Sir Geo. Prevost.
Headquarters,
Camp Before Fort Erie, 24th Aug., 1814.
Sir, — Nothing of importance has occurred since my letter of
the 21st except the arrival of the 82nd Regt., which marched into
camp this morning. The first division of the 6th Regfc. would reach
York this day, and the whole of that Regt., I have reason to hope,
will be assembled on this ground by the 1st of September, by which
day I expect to be able to make a successful attack on the enemy's
fort or entrenched can , notwithstanding the preparation which
deserters report he is making to check our troops by means of
mines and foregasses, &c. The desertions to us continue to be veiy
considerable. As our outposts are pushed nearer to those of the
enemy desertions may be expected to increase with the facility of
efifecting it, and I am sorry, accordingly, to report that we have lost
more men within this few days than during the whole of the pre-
ceding operations. Our desertion is chiefly from De Watteville's
Regt. It has just been reported to me that the enemy's schooner
which was drove away by our fire has returned from the direction
of Presqu' Isle.
The enemy's brigs on the lower lake have resumed their station
from which they were driven by a violent gale on the 20th. Capt.
Dobbs has, however, been able to detach some seamen in batteaux
to York with deserters, and to bring back supplies.
I have employed Lt.-Cols. Nichol and Dickson in going through
the country to endeavor by their personal influence aad exertions
and the messages with which they are charged from me to induce
the farmers to thresh out their grain earlier than usual, to enable us
to hold out until our wants can be relieved by the squadron. I
hope their efforts may be successful, but Your Excellency must be
aware that this is at best but a precarious dependence.
Having long seen the necessitj'^ of the appointment of a
provost marshal with this division, I beg to recommend that a
commission of that kind l)e accordingly prepared, and if Your
Excellency has no candidate for ihe situation that it be conferred
on Cornet Amos McKenney of the Niagara Light Dragoons, the
officer at present acting in that situation and apparently well
qualified.
I beg to acknowledge the receipt of Your ExceUency's letter of
the 16th.
187
With regard to Maj.-Gen. Conran, I greatly lament to acquaint
Your Excellency that two of the small bones of his leg are found
to be broken. It is therefore quite impossible to reckon on his
services during the present campaign. I have accordingly given him
permission to proceed downwards to York, and to continue his
progi'ess to the Lower Province should he find it advisable. His
loss to me and to the service is a severe one indeed.
Lt.-Col. Harvej'^, I am happy to inform Your Excellency, has
recovered from the effects of his wound and has resumed the duties
of his situation.
I rejoice to find that a company of artillery is proceeding to
Kingston. It is on this frontier, however, that the deficiency in
that arm is felt by me at the present moment. To enable me to
■carry on operations in the field I am obliged to draw from the forts
more of that corps than can in strict prudence be spared.
Anselm ioster, Adjutant of the First Lincoln MUitia, to Captain
Jacob A. Ball.
* * * I am also directed by Major Robertson to desire you
to see that the following general order is put into execution with
all possible despatch. The wheat or flour to be delivered at the
nearest mills where there are persons to pay the amounts specified
in the order. You will keep a correct account of what is delivered
and by whom, and forward me a report of your progress, for the
information of the commanding officer.
Militia General Order.
The commanding oflScers of regiments of Lincoln Militia are
particularly enjoined to instruct the officers commanding companies
to enforce, if required, from five to twelve bushels of wheat from
each inhabitant belonging thereto who is known to have such a
quantity to spare independent of a supply for his own family. He
will receive for the same the very liberal price of two and a half
dollars per bushel, two dollars for an equal quantity of rye, and at
the rate of fourteen dollars for flour. It is hoped that the voluntary
compliance of every individual will render coercion unnecessary.
Given under mj^ hand at headquarters, near Fort Erie, this 25th
of August, 1814.
Gordon Drummond,
Lt.-Genl. and President.
188
Lt.-€en. Drnmmond to Sir Geo. Prevost.
Headquarters,
Camp Beforf Fort Erie, 27th Aug., 1814.
Sir, — No express having arr- ^ed from below for several days,
I am in ignorance how far the 6th Regt. may have advanced on its
route, but have every reason to hope the 1st division would leave
York on or about the 25th, and may therefore be expected here the
day after to-morrow.
On the evening of the 25th the enemy, hearing us at work in
the wood, (or perhaps apprized by our deserters,) moved out in con-
siderable force and made an effort to drive back our picquets to
discover what we were doing at that point. The gallantry of part
of the 82nd Regt., (which happened to be on duty,) defeated his
plan, and he was repulsed by our picquets after a sharp contest of
ten minutes. The enemy must have suffered very considerably.
Our loss was two killed and thirteen wounded, of the 82nd Regt.
The desertions from the enemy continue, (particularly from the
23rd Regt). I enclose a return of the number who have come in
since the 25th ulto.
I also enclose a sketch by which Your Excellency will perceive
the position of the enemy's enfilading batteries on the side of Black
Rock, and also the line of our picquets and the position of the
battery now constructing.
Previous to any further assault on Fort Erie, I have some
thoughts of attempting to remove the annoyance we experience
from the guns at Black Rock, by crossing over a force to storm those
batteries. This movement must be made in considerable force, as
the enemy is understood to have a large body of militia and some
regulars and all the rifle corps on that side. At all events, I cannot
decide upon the operation until the arrival or approach of the 6th
Regt.
Our new battery is more than half completed, and the engineer
officer informs me will be ready to receive its guns to-morrow night.
I am sorry to inform Your Excellency that Col. Talbot arrived
in camp yesterday with an account of the enemy having detached
a party of militia, accompanied by some white people painted and
dressed as Indians, headed by a man named Walker, to plunder
Col. Talbot's property and seize him. He effected his escape^
fortunately, tho' in the house when they entered it. He states
that the whole of his property has been carried off or destroyed,
and all his horses carried away. There is reason to believe that
this party has committed the same outrages throughout the whole
of that small settlement. Mr. Burwell, a member of the House of
189
Assembly, and several other respectable inhabitants, have been
carried off by them. They threaten to return in a few days and
take away the cattle and complete the destruction of the settlement.
Return of Deserters from the American Army since tlie S5th
July, 1814.
Total — Seventy.
J. B. Glegg, Maj., A. A. G.
Lt.>€ien. Drummond to Sir Geo, Prevost.
Headquarters,
Camp before Fort Erie, 30th Aug., 1814.
Sir, — The new battery, consisting of two long IS-pdrs., one 24-
pdr. carronade, and one 8-inch howitzer, was armed in the course
of last night and opened its fire with very good effect, at daylight
this morning. Having reason to believe from the trial already
made that whenever I am disposed to attack the place it will not
be difficult to open the breach in the fort, I have directed the
commanding officer of artillery not to throw away his ammuni-
tion, of which I am far from having a superabundance, but to con-
fine his fire for the present merely to the annoyance of the enemy,
an object in which we have every reason to believe we have hitherto
been very successful. The accounts of every deserter agrees in
representing their daily casualties occasioned by our fire at not less
than from ten to fifteen in killed and wounded.
The first division of the 6th Regt. reached the Beaver Dams
yesterday, and will be within eight miles of camp this day. The
second division is only two days' march behind it. By the 2nd,
therefore, the regiment will be assembled here. I have ordered up
from Fort George six batteaux, in addition to the 18 which I before
had on this side the Chippawa. I must, however, apprize Your
Excellency that I am by no means come to a final decision as to the
mode of attack most advisable to be adopted. If my force was
sufficient to admit of being divided I should certainly pass a strong
detachment to the right bank of the river. I do not think that
less than a thousand men should be risqued on that side even for a
single day, and I could not spare such a detachment without leav-
ing myself weaker on this side than would be prudent. Moreover,
I have information that the enemy, in expectation of such a move-
ment, has removed all his stores from Buffalo and the Eleven Mile
Creek into the interior.
On this side he has been unceasinglj'' employed in strengthen-
190
ing his position by every means in the power of an active, labori-
ous and ingenious enemy to devise and execute. He has had his
whole force at work day and night, and has thrown up such an
accumulation of mounds of earth, of batteries and breastworks, a»
will certainly cost us many men to dislodge him from, and which
bid defiance to our shot. Nevertheless I am very much disposed to
the opinion that an assault in open day is more preferable to a
night attack, on many accounts. The enemy, since our last attack,
are known to be constantly on their guard by night. By day I
think they may be taken very much off their guard. By night it
has been found that mistakes may arise that cannot easily happen
by day. Moreover, the impression produced on the minds of the
enemy by our late attack, and which would be strengthened and
confirined by one made in open day, would be highly favorable to us.
I do not give Your Excellency the opinions of the senior
officers of the artillery and engineer departments on a point so
immediately belonging to their respective departments, because,
promising as is the one and zealous as are both, yet they neither of
them possess that degree of experience necessary to qualify them
to give a good practical opinion on such a subject. It is not to
them, therefore, that I can look for such an opinion.
The information just received from Lieut. -Col. McDouall
renders it necessary that the decision I am to make on this point
should not be delayed, as the arrival of the enemy's squadron with
troops from Lake Huron may be expected every day. I hope,
therefore, in my next to communicate to Your Excellency the
arrangements for the attack, of the success of which I feel every
confidence.
The necessity which I find for two general officers with the right
division, from the extent of the frontiers and the great increase of
force, added to the state of my own health, and the information
that Major-General Kempt is moving upon Kingston, have induced
me to order Major-General Stovin to join the headquarters of this
division. Major-General De Watteville 1 have not heard of beyond
Kingston, yet, finding the sailing of the squadron remote, I have
ordered the 90th Regiment to niarch up to join this division.
Lieut.-C(en. Drummond to Sir €eo. Prevost.
Headquarters,
Camp Before Fort Erie, 2nd Sept., 1814.
Sir, — Major-General De Watteville arrived yesterday.
The 6th Regt. marched into camp this morning, and has volun-
tarily undertaken to labor this night on the construction of a
battery, which it has been thought advisable to advance in front of
191
our right picquet to within about 550 yards of the fort. It is in-
tended to open the rear face and complete the destruction of the
stone buildings. This battery will, I hope, be ready to open on the
morning of the 4th. I propose to arm it with three heavy long
guns, an 8-inch howitzer and 9. heavy mortar. Its fire, combined
with that of the other batteries, will probably decide the mode of
attack, which I feel it to be of much importance not to defer. I
enclose a Buffalo paper of the 30th, in which Your Excellency will
find the cause of my deciding not to pass troops to the other shore.
I allude to the call made to the militia of the opposite frontier,
numbers of whom I have occasion to believe have already come
forward. It is also reported that the enemy's 6th and 13th Regi-
ments and a body of riflemen are also at hand.
A large brig, from whence I have not yet learned, has arrived
and anchc^ed off Buffalo since my last. If from Lake Huron, she
will hp u brought them an account of the failure of their
expedition against our possessions in that (juarter.
On Lake Ontario, the enemy's blockading squadron not having
been seen for some days, I sent the Vincent across to York, where
she has arrived in safety, and Capt. Dobbs has directed the Charwell
to push across the first morning the wind is fair. By their aid I
got quit of many encumbrances, (prisoners and sick,) and shall
receive the supplies which are waiting at York for this division.
I am happy to report that a large detachment of batteaux
laden with provisions and stores, which Major-General Stovin having
properly sent off from Kingston on first learning our alarming
situation, have passed York in safety and are by this time, I hope,
at Fort George.
Capt. Romilly is now from sickness wholly incapable of service.
I have therefore to hope that Your Excellency will see the necessity
of ordering up another engineer officer of that rank. Independent
of the important charge which attaches to that department on this
frontier, there is at the present moment another highly import-
ant scheme to be prepared, which requires more experience and
judgment and involves a greater degree of responsibility than any
of the young men of that department at present with this division
can be supposed to possess or ought to be required to assume. I
allude to the selecting of a site for a work to protect the formation
of our naval establishment on Lake Erie.
192
J. B. Yates to Governor D. D. Tompkins.
Buffalo, Sept. 3, 1814.
Dear Sir, — The nnlitia are collecting at this place very rapidly.
There is every probability that more will turn out than were re-
quired by the order. Everything has been done to rouse the feel-
ings of the community, and the exertions for that purpose have
apparently been attended with very great success. Brigadier-
General Davis of Genesee County has ordered out his whole brigade
without any requisition or authority. Yet, as it was considered
that they might be usefully employed, it was thought proper not to
discourage him. If he were regularly ordered out he would take
the command from General Porter. This would by no means
answer in the present situation of things, as it would occasion very
general dissatisfaction. The command will be a large one, probably
not less than 4,000 men, perhaps 5,000. Would it not be well to
send him as soon as possible the brevet rank of Major-General, so
as to obviate any difficulty that may occur. By a proper disposi-
tion and use of the means that are, or in a few days will be, in the
power of General Brown, the enemy's force cannonading Fort Erie
will probably be obliged to retire.
There is every appearance of a disposition on the part of the
militia to cross the Niagara, and if they do not the disappointment
will be great indeed, but I cannot for a moment doubt it. If they do
the enemy must retreat or submit. The disproportion of force will be
too great for them to resist. There has been a very great difficulty
in procuring a sufficient quantity of arms. I wrote to Mr. Carpen-
ter at Whitesborough, from whom I have not yet heard. I have
also written to Mr. Hopper at Onondaga. The arms at Canan-
daigua and Batavia have been taken for the use of the detach-
ment.
Men have been sent out to collect such as may be in the hands
of individuals and have not been returned. These, together with
such United States arms as can be procured and British arms taken
from the enemy, will probably be sufficient to arm the men.
Pursuant to the request in your letter, I have made inquiries
about Mr. Joshua Pell, living near Chippawa, and was told he was
well and had removed about two or three miles back from the river.
Lieut.-Gen. Drmumond to €apt. Noah Freer.
Headquarters,
Camp Before Fort Erie, 5th Sept., 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to acquaint you for the information of
His Excellency the Cx)mmander of the Forces that on the 30th ulto.
a marauding party of the enemy, consisting of about 70, came to
193
Oxford and made prisoners of Capts. Curtis, Hall and Carrol and
Sergeant Dowland of the militia. They have likewise taken and
paroled the greater part of the inhabitants from Delewaro to
Oxford.
They also made prisoners of Mr. Bonnell and Mr. Palmer, who
were at that time purchasing cattle for the government, which to
the value of 270 dollars, and 600 dollars in cash, they also made
prize of.
On Mr. Burdock's house being attacked, he fired on and wounded,
one of the enemy. Mr. Burdock, I am concerned to say, was wounded
in return.
The traitor Westbrook accompanied the gang.
On the Ist of September the enemy was attacked by a party
of militia under Lieut. Rapelje, who lay in ambush for them near
Deleware. The enemy did not return his fire but fled with pre-
cipitation towards Oxford, leaving their commander mortally and
several others wounded on the road. Westbrook, being in the rear,
conducted th^m safe off' through the woods. Capts. Curtis and Hall
by this circumstance found means to effect their escape from the
enemy, who left the greater part of their plunder, several hoi-ses,
all their cattle and some arms.
Several strangera have appeared lately in the neighbourhood
of Dover. One, armed, was fired at some nights since by a sentry,
but the villain escaped into the bush. One Dickson and Simon
Mabee, a fellow who made his escape from justice last year,
entered the house of a person named John Muckle in Townsend
and forcibly broke open a chest and robbed him of 200 dollars.
Several persons are in pursuit of them, but hitherto without effect.
I take this opportunity of informing you that Deputy-Com-
missary-General Crookshank still continues unremitting in his
exertions to forward supplies to Machilimackinac. Three only of
the eleven canoes from Montreal have proceeded to that post, and
the crews of those three, (the others having altogether refused to
proceed,) he found it necessary to bribe largely for that purpose.
Mr. La Mothe has returned to Montreal to procure fresh crews.
But I have directed Colonel Claus to send steady Indians without
delay in charge of the remaining canoes to Machilimackinac, and
as the loss of the Nancy schooner has been a very serious one in-
deed, I have directed as many batteaux as are necessary to be taken
from York to Nottawasaga for the purpose of transport across
Lake Huron.
194
General Order.
Headquarters, Fort Erie, 6th September, 1814.
The Brigadier-General commanding has received the report of
Major Matteson of the New York Volunteers, on whom devolved
the command of the party engaged in the affair of the 5th after
the death of the gallant Colonel Wilcocks.
With sincere pleasure the Brigadier-General congratulates the
army, that the steadiness and valour which have marked the con-
duct of this division during the whole campaign, were again most
singularly manifested by the volunteers and regulars engaged on
this occasion.
A party not exceeding 100 volunteers, (the enemy being of
treble numbers,) drove the enemy to his works with comparatively
small loss, and made him suffer severely. Previously to this a
detachment of forty men from the 21st, under Ensign Thomas, had
successfully skirmished with the enemy.
The conduct of Major Matteson on this occasion excites the
highest approbation of the Brigadier-General, his coolness, courage
and prudence, and the good conduct of his troops, were again con-
spicuously manifested. The New York Volunteers have on this
occasion, as well as every other that has occurred during the whole
campaign, reflected honour on the State. Captain Hale of the 11th
Infantry, commanding picquet No. 2, and Ensign Thomas command-
ing the regulars, conducted themselves in a manner to the perfect
satisfaction of the Brigadier-General. The loss on our side, with
the exception of the gallant Wilcocks and Lieutenant Roosevelt, is
trifling, but on the side of the enemy it was severe in the extreme ;
various deserters report that they had four officers and nearly 100
either killed or wounded ; so great a disparity evinces in the
strongest light the difference between the coolness of troops such aa
ours in a just and honorable career and of the enemy's thousands,
who fight for objects which they care not for and in a cause which
they deprecate.
Major Matteson speaks in the highest terms of the courage and
good conduct of Captains Hull, Harding, Knap and Satterly, who
volunteerei to command a company, and Lieutenants Hathaway,
Jones and Ensign Wickwire. He also expresses his highest opinion
f^i. the correct, brave and soldier-like conduct of Brigade-Major
Dobbin, Quarter-Master Green and Adjutant Gilbert.
Lieutenant-Colonel Wilcocks, whose services and bravery have
excited the warmest interest of the armv in his favor, and Lieuten-
ant Roosevelt of the New York Volunteers, have added other
names tfj the gallant heroes who, during this unexampled campaign.
195
have glorioualy died on the field of honor. Colonel WilcockH, at
the moment he was mortally wounded, wavS charging and repulsing
an infinitely superior force under the enemy's battery. The com-
mand devolving on Major Matteson, he succeeded in driving the
enemy to their works and retired in good order to camp.
By connnand of Brigadier-General Ripley.
R. Jones,
Asst.-Adjt.-Gen.
District General Order.
Headquarters,
Camp Before Fort Erie, 7th September, 1814.
Major-General De Watteville having been directed to detach a
arty yesterday evening to endeavor to cut oft' the enemy's picket
^o. 4, reports that this service was executed by a company of the
6th Regiment and one of the Glengarry Light Infantry, joined by
infantry pickets at Platow's and the detachment of the 19th
Dragoons, under Captain Eustace, the whole under the command of
Captain Patteson of the 6th Regiment, and conducted by Captain
Powell, Deputy -Assistant-Quartermaster-General.
The enemy's picket was surprised at daylight this morning.
Of its advance party, which consisted of 21 men and an officer, not
one escaped ; 14, including an officer, being killed, and seven wounded
and taken prisoners. The main body of the pickets fled towards
the forts, pursued by our troops close under the guns of the place,
and nmst have suffered very considerably from our fire. Our loss
has been only one killed, (private, 6th,) and one slightly wounded.
The conduct of this little enterprise reflects great credit not
only on Captain Patteson, commanding the detachment, and the
whole of the officers and soldiers of which it was composed, but on
Captain Powell, Deputy- Assistant-Quatermaster-General, by whom
the enterprise was planned. Sergeant Powell, 19th Light Dragoons,
has been named to the Lieutenant-General as having again dis-
tinguished himsef on this occasion.
J. Harvey,
Lieut.-Col., D. A. G.
Lieut.- Gen. Drnmmond to Sir Geo. Frevost.
Camp before Fort Erie, 8th Sept., 1814.
Sir, — The new battery was completed and armed on the night
of the 4th. After due consideration, however, and after consulting
with the commanding artillery officer, I determined not to open its
fire until the small supply of disposable ammunition which re-
196
mained at Fort George had been brought up, and until by the
arrival of the 97th Regt. I might have it in my power to take
advantage of the impression it might produce by an assault on the
place, should such a measure appear advisable. The ammunition
now on its way from the forts leaves them with little more than
200 rounds per gun, and with very little powder, nor is there any
prospect of a supply until the arrival of the squadron, or of part
of the vessels from Kingston. Under these alarming circumstances
it becomes absolutely necessary that I should husband every round
of my remaining stock of ammunition.
I regret very much the capture of Your Excellency's despatches
in answer to mine &,nnouncing the result of the attack of the 15th
ulto. By that unfortunate event I am in all probability deprived
of the knowledge not only of your sentiments but also of that of
Your Excellency's views and plans with regard to the general
operations of the campaign, and above all of your wishes and in-
structions with regard to the expediency of hazarding any further
assault upon the enemy's strong position at Fort Erie and Your
Excellency's opinion as to how far the blockade by this division
may not be more politic than attempting its capture or destruction
under circumstances which in the event (but doubtful) of success,
forbid us to hope to accomplish without a very severe loss.
In ignorance of Your Excellency's sentiments and wishes, and
in the absence of your instructions on these points, I shall continue
to act according to circumstances, and shall not fail to avail myself
of any favorable opportunity which may offer of attacking the
enemy. But should no such offer present itself, I feel it incumbent
on me to prepare Your Excellency for the possibility of my being
compelled by sickness or suffering of the troops, exposed as they
will be to the effects of the wet and unhealthy season which is fast
approaching, to withdraw them from their present position to one
which may afford them the means of cover. Sickness has, I am
sorry to say, already made its appearance in several of the corps,
particularly the 82nd.
The affair of the 5th was more important than I was aware of-
The Deputy-Adjutant-General transmitted to Colonel Baynes, Lt.-
Col. Campbell's very clear report on that occasion. Nothing could
surpass the gallantry and good conduct of all the troops; their im-
petuosity was with difficulty restrained.
I have directed Lt.-Col. Harvey to forward to the Adjutant-
General a copy of the district general order issued by my order
yesterday on occasion of an enterprise planned by Capt. Powell,
Deputy-Assistant-Quartermaster-General, and very well executed
197
by detachments of the 6th and Glengany Regts., under direction
01 Capt. Patteson of the 6th.
Since the 1st of this month, the day appointed for assembling,
the militia iiave been collecting in great numbers on the opposite
frontier — I am informed to the amount of 3 to 4,000. I do not
understand that any part of them have as yet been prevailed upon
to cross to ""his shore, but it is said they have promised to come over
to Fort Erie for one week. If they do and any part of them should
fall into my hands, I shall assuredly send them to Quebec, and hope
they may not be suffered to return to their families for a consider-
able perio<l. Nothing will more effectually check their enterprising
spirit than such a measure. It is said the enemy has 40 boats
nearly finished at Buffalo. His squadron, consisting of two brigs
and four schooners, is still at anchor off that place, but does not
venture near the fort.
On Lake Ontario the enemy's squadron has disappeared for
some time. The Gharwell brig, with the Vincent and Netley
schooners, are at York waiting to bring over the 97th, which I hope
will arrive there this day.
IHaJor-General Brown to Major Creneral Izard.
Headquarters, Fort Erie, Sept. 10, 1814.
Sir, — I have been expecting with much anxiety to hear from
you, and to learn the aid you can afford this army. My total
effective force does not much exceed two thousand men, perhaps I ,
may be able to fight in position twenty-five hundred. The force of
the enemy which confines us to our works is believed to amount to
four thousand, and the 90th or 97th — (the deserters say both these
regiments) — is nigh at hand.
I will not conceal from you that I consider the fate of this
army very doubtful unless speedy relief is afforded, and my opinion
is that the wisest course will be to effect a juncture by landing be-
low Niagara, marching on the American side of the strait, and cross-
ing over from Buffalo. Will j^^our force be such as to insure relief
to this array if you land on the British side? Our united forces
would, I have no doubt, be competent to drive Drummond from the
field and perhaps capture him. Whatever may be your plan of
operations, be so good £is to make me acquainted with them so that
I may know how to calculate. Your orders will be received and
obeyed with pleasure.
General Porter has assembled say three thousand militia. It
remains to be seen if they can be made useful.
198
niaJor-General Broivn to Major-General Izard.
Headquarters, Fort Erie, Sept. 11, 1814.
Sir, — I have nothing new of importance to communicate, and
by the return of the express think proper to say so for your satis-
faction. We have received but few shot or shells from the enemy
within the two last days. Many deserters come in, who state that
the enemy's supply is exhausted, but that they expect to be re-
supplied within a short time. There is no doubt but they are
erecting additional batteries. General Porter has succeeded in get-
ting over about one thousand of his militia. More are expected to
cross. Should you deem it proper to pass rapidly to this threatre
of war, I do not doubt that it will be in your power to carry every-
thing within this peninsula. However, if with the aid of the fleet
and the forces at Sackett's Harbor you can succeed in carrying
Kingston, you will accomplish a much more important object. In
the execution of any plan you will find me disposed to exert myself,
and I am convinced the remainder of my gallant army will do their
duty under any circumstances. I shall be happy to receive your
ordera, and be made acquainted with your plan of operations. My
command must find relief in some way before many days.
P. S. — Forts George and Niagara must be nearly empty. It is
not probable that there are many of the enemy's regular troops be-
tween this and Kingston. Their militia are worse than ours, they
are good for nothing.
My private opinion is that the enemy cannot bring into the
field to exceed three thousand regulars between this and Burlington,
unless the 97th or 90th have arrived. If you think proper to land
north of Fort George, and I could know the moment of your land-
ing so as to press upon the enemy, it would perhaps br the shortest
cut to your object, the capture of Drummond and his army. He
cannot escape provided you can promptly form a junction with my
present command. We have artillery sufficient for every object in
the field, and perhaps sufficient for the reduction of Niagara.
Sir Crordon Drnminond to Sir Geo. Prevost.
Camp Before Fort Erie, 11th September, 1814.
Since my last the enemy have shown a considerable number of
boats and scows, which have kept up a frequent communication
between Fort Erie and the opposite shore ; this communication has
passed chiefly by night, and from the singular circumstance of the
desertion from the enemy to my camp, (my best source of in-
formation,) having almost entirely ceased, I am very much in
ignomnce of the nature of their movements, whether the enemy is
199
preparing to avail himself of the increased means of transport
which he has created to withdraw from his position at Fort Erie,
or whether the account which is invariably given by deserters 9f
his intention to act offensively against the division under my com-
mand be correct, I have not yet been able accurately to ascertain.
The recent accounts of the capture of Washington, the alarm which
is felt for New York, and the probable discovery (by the inter-
cepted despatch) of our designs against Sackett's Harbour, would
appear strongly to countenance the former supposition, the positive
concurring declarations of deserters, however, and the fact (reported
on the same authority) of a very large number of militia and
volunteers, to the number it is said of 2,500, having actually crossed
to the fort yesterday evening, these circumstances tend to favor
the latter idea. Every preparation has been made to give the enemy
a warm reception.
The batteries have almost been silent for several days from the
reduced state of the ammunition. A small supply, the last I can
command, has arrived from Fort George to-day. This I must
reserve until the arrival of the 97th Regiment, in order that I may
be enabled to avail myself of any favorable opening it may effect.
No direct tire from the small number of guns which I have could
produce any material effect on such mounds of earth defended by
such a number of guns. Mortar fire is alone of use, and of that I
have not more than 80 rounds for the two mortars.
I am much disappointed at not having yet heard of the arrival
of the 97th Regiment at York. I had expected to have had them
here before this time ; the wind has been adverse, and the weather
tempestuous and rainy. Should the rainy weather continue only for
a few days, I dread the effect it must have on the men in their pres-
ent situation ; hitherto with the exception of one or two corps they
have stood it tolerably well.
I have to acknowledge Your Excellency's letter of the 2nd inst.
I look with impatience for duplicates of your answer to my
letter of the I7th ulto.
Major-General Brown, who has resumed command of the troops
at Fort Erie, has this day sent in several private letters taken in
the bag which was intercepted near the Presqu' Isle on the 29th.
I enclose a copy of his note.
Deeming it absolutely necessary to send down several of the
corps on this frontier which have suffered much by sickness and
severe service, as soon as the campaign here is over, I have directed
Major-General Kempt to embark a regiment of the centre division,
(the selection of which I have left to him,) and send it up on board
the squadron, by the return of which I propose sending down one
200
or more of the corps alluded to, viz : the Kings, 100th, 4l8t, and
Royals.
Lt.>€ien. Druminond to Sir George Prevost.
Camp Before Fort Erie, 14th September, 1814
Sir, — I am sorry to acquaint Your Excellency that ever since
the despatch of my last letter it has continued to rain almost in-
cessantly. As the whole of the troops are without tents, and the
huts in which they are placed are wholly incapable of affording
shelter againj^c auch severe weather, their situation is most distress-
ing. I am happy to say, however, that no considerable degree of
sickness has as yet been the consequence, and what is, if possible,
still more satisfactory, our desertion, except from the Regiment De
Watteville, has by no means increased, notwithstanding the hard-
ships to which they now are exposed.
The late heavj?^ falls of rain have rendered the roads almost
impassable, and at this late season there is little chance of them
again becoming good, and when Your Excellency considers that I
have no depot of provisions or of any other description of supplies
nearer than Fort George, that the forage of the surrounding
country to the distance of upwards of ten miles has been e^.nausted,
that even if I could feed them I have not a sufficient number of
cattle to move one-third of the heavy ordnance which I have in the
batteries, should any unforeseen circumstances render a sudden
movement necessary the difficulties of my situation will be
sufficiently apparent to Your Excellency. It is certain the enemy
has found the means of inducing his militia to cross the river, and
I have reason to believe that a body of not less than 2,000 has been
brought to Fort Erie. I also understand that a considerable num-
ber still remain on the opposite shore, to which weak regiments of
regulars have within this day or two been joined from the troops
at Fort Erie. It is said to be the intention, (as mentioned in my
last,) to land this force in my rear.
The sudden and most unlooked for return to the head of Lake
Ontario of the two brigs by which the Niagara has been so long
blockaded and my communication with York cut off, has had the
effect of preventing the junction of the 97th Regiment, which
arrived at York on the 10th, and would probably have been at
Niagara on the following day but for this unlucky circumstance.
They have been reduced to the necessity of continuing their route
by land, and accordingly marched from York on the 12th. In the
present state of the roads and weather I cannot expect them here
before the I7th or 18th. In the meantime I have strong grounds for
201
thinking that the enemy will risque an attack, an event which, from
the necessity of defending my batteries in the first instance with
the picquets alone, I shall have to meet under every possible dis-
advantage, yet I am very much disposed to hope may be the most
fortunate circumstance that can happen, as it will bring us into con-
tact with the enemy at a far cheaper rate than if we were to be
the assailants, and may at the' same time, I trust, bring to a happy
crisis a campaign which has been marked by a series of unlucky
circumstances, as well as of late severe hardships and privations
on the part of the troops, which I am most happy in repeating
have borne them with the utmost cheerfulness, and have evinced a
degree of steadiness and spirit highly honorable to them.
I have directed the Deputy-Adjutant-General to transmit to
the Adjutant-General a return of casualties which have taken place
since my last ; those of this day were occasioned by an attack which
about 400 of the enemy's militia and riflemen made on our batteries
immediately after daylight. They were repulsed by the picquets,
the oflBccr who led them was killed and one man made prisoner.
I enclose a report of an alarming nature which has just been
received from Lt.-Col. Warburton, commanding at the forts.
Previous to this a considerable part of one of the other bastions
had fallen down, (from the effect of the weather,) the restoration of
which has been effected by great exertions. Situated as I at present
am, and considering the large disposable force the enemy has on or
can pass to the other bank of the river, and the weakness of the
present garrison of Fort Niagara, I cannot but regard the circum-
stance reported by Lieut.-Col. Warburton as a very awkward one.
P. S. — Another report, (copy enclosed,) has just been received
from Lieut.-Col. Warburton.
Sir Gordon Drnmmond to Sir Creorge Prevost.
Camp Before Fort Erie, 17th September, 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to acquaint Your Excellency that the
enemy made a sortie with his whole force at 3 o'clock this after-
noon, and having under cover of a heavy fall of rain and favored
by the thick woods whiih approach close to our position, gained,
unperceived, the right of our batteries, he rushed upon them in
such overwhelming force that the picquets and covering parties
were forced liack, and the momentary possession of the right and
centre batteries obtained. The gallantry of the supporting brigade
quickly recovered them, but not before the guns in the right battery
had been disabled. The loss on our side has been considerable ;
that of the enemy great. Upwards of 200 prisoners are in our
202
hands, including a number of officers, among them Lieut.-Colonel
Wood, their chief engineer, mortally wounded.
A more detailed account will be transmitted to-morrow,
together with a return of casualties.
Major-General Stovin arrived a short time before the attack.
The 97th Regiment is within eight miles.
P. S. — The enemy's force, including militia, could not have
been less than 5,000. Our troops behaved admirably.
G. D.
District Cieneral Order.
Headquarters,
Camp T?^fore Fort Erie, 18th September, 1814.
Lieutenant-General Drummond, having received the reports of
the general officers in the immediate direction of the troops engaged
yesterday, begs to offer his best acknowledgements for their very
gallant conduct in repulsing the attack made by the enemy upon
our batteries with his whole force, represented to consist of not less
than five thousand men including militia. The brilliant style in
which the battery No. 2 was recovered and the enemy driven be-
yond our entrenchments, by seven companies of the 82d Regiment
under Major Proctor, and three companies of the 6th Regiment
detached under Major Taylor, excited Lieutenant-General Drum-
mond's admiration, and entitled those troops to his particular
thanks. On the righ^; the enemy's advance was checked by the Ist
battalion of the Royal Scots, supported by the 89th, under the
direction of Lieutenant-C )lonel Gordon of the Royals, and in the
centre he was driven back hy tLa Glengarry Light Infantry, under
Lieutenant-Colonel Battersby and directed by Lieutenant-Colonel
Pearson, inspecting field officer. To these troops the Lieutenant-
General's best thanks are due, as ah o to the remainder of the
reserve under Lieutenant-Colonel Campbtsll, consisting of the
remaining companies of the 6th Regiment, the flank companies of
the 41st and the Incorporated Militia, which supported the troops
engaged.
The Lieutenant-General deeply laments the unfortunate circum-
stances of weather, which enabled ohe enemy to approach unper-
ceived close to the right of the position and to captur ; a considerable
number of the Regiment De Watteville, stationed at that point.
The severe loss in killed and wounded which the 8th or King's and
De Watteville's Regiment have suffered, affi)rds incontestable proof
that No. 2 battery was not gained without a vigorous resistance ;
it is equally obvious that the blockhouse on the right was well
defended by the party of the King's Regiment stationed in it.
203
Lieutenani-General Druramond feels greatly indebted to Major-
Oeneral De Watteville for his judicious arrangements, and he also
desires to offer his thanks to the respective commanding officers of
brigades and corps and the officers and men of the Royal Artillery
and Engineers, for their exertions. To Major-General Stovin, who
joined the army a short time before the attack, the Lieutenant-
General is indebted for his assistance, and also to the officers of his
personal staff.
Lieutenant-General Drummond greatly regrets the wounds
which have deprived the army for the present of the services of
Colonel Fischer, Lieutenant-Colonels Pearson and Gordon.
Lieutenants-Colonels Fischer, Pearson, and Gordon have per-
mission to proceed to the rear for the recovery of their wounds.
J. Harvey,
Lieut.-Col., D. A. G.
Major-Cien. De Watteville to Sir Gordon Drummond,
Camp Before Fort Erie, Sept. 19th, 1814.
Sir, — I have the honor to report to you that the enemy attacked
on the 17th in the afternoon, at 3 o'clock, our position before Fort Erie,
the Second Brigade, under Col. Fischer, composed of the 8th and De
Watteville's Regiments, being on duty. Under cover of a heavy
fire of his artillery from Fort Erie and much favored by the nature
of the ground, and also by the state of the weather, the rain fall-
ing in torrents at the moment of his approach, the enemy succeeded
in turning the right of our line picquets without being perceived,
■and with a very considerable force attacked both the picquets and
their support in their flank and rear ; at the same time another of
the enemy's columns attacked in front the picquets between No. 2
and No. 3 batteries, and having succeeded in penetrating by No. 4
picquet, part of his force turned to his left and thereby surrounded
our right and got almost immediate possession of No. 3 battery.
The enemy then directed his attacks with a very superior force to-
wards No. 2 battery, but the obstinate resistance made by the
picquets, under every possible disadvantage, delayed considerably
nis getting possession of No. 2 battery, in which, however, he at
last succeeded. As soon as the alarm was given, the 1st Brigade,
being next for support, composed of the Royal Scots, the 82nd and
6th Regiments, under Lieut.-Col. Gordon, received orders to march
forward, and also the light demi-brigade under Lieut.-Col. Pearson,
the 6th Regiment remaining in reserve under Lieut.-Col. Campbell.
From the concession road, the Royal Scots and the 89th moved by
the new road and met the enemj^ near the blockhouse on the right
204
*
of No. 3 battery, whom they engaged, and by their steady and in-
trepid conduct checked his further progross. The 82nd Regt. and
three companies of the 6th were detached to tlie left in order to
support Nos. 1 and 2 batteries ; the enemy having at that time
possession of No. 2 battery and still pushing forward, seven com-
panies of the 82nd, under Major Proctor, and three ccnpanies of
the 6th, under Major Taylor, received directions to oppose the
enemy's forces, and immediately charged them v, ith the most
intrepid bravery, driving them both across our entrenchments and
also from No. 2 battery, thereby preventing them from destroying
it or damaging its guns in a considerable degree ; Lieut.-Col. Pear-
son with the Glengarry Light Infantry under Lieut.-Ool. Battersby,
pushed forward by the centre road and carried with great gallantry
the new entrenchment, then in full possession of the enemy. The
enemy being thus repulsed at every point was forced to retire with
precipitation to their works, leaving prisoners and a number of
their wounded in our hands. By five o'clock the entrenchments
were again occupied, and the line of picquets established as it had
been previous to the enemy's attack. I have the honor to enclose
a return of casualties, and the report of the officer commanding the
Royal Artillery respecting the damage done to the ordnance and
the batteries during the time they were in the enemy's possession.
Lt.-Gcii* Drnmmond to Sir Geoi^e Prevo§t.
Camp Before Fort Erie, 19th Sept., 1814.
Sir, — My letter to Your Excellency of the I7th, gavo a short
account of the result of an attack made by the enemy on my
batteries and position on that day. I have now the honor to trans-
mit a copy of Major-General De Watteville's report, together with a
return of killed, wounded and missing on that occasion. To the
information which Your Excellency will derive from those docu-
ments I have to add that as soon as the tiring was heard I pro-
ceeded toward the advance and found the troops had moved from
camp, and the Royals and 89th had been pushed by Major-Gen.
De Watteville into the woods on the right towards No. 3 battery,
and that the 82nd was moving to the support of the batteries on
the left. At this moment it was reported to me that the enemy
had gained possession of batteries Nos. 2 and 3 and that our troops
were falling back, a report which the approach of the fire confirmed.
Your Excellency will have in recollection that the whole line of
operations lay in a thick wood. I immediately directed Lieut.-
Col. Campbell to detach one wing of the 6th Regt. to support the
82d in an attack, which I ordered to be made for the recovery of
205
battery No. 2. I dire(*ted Major-Gen. De Watteville to superintend
the mcvement. Major-Gen. Stovin took the direction olf the troops
and guns left in reserve. I threw forward the Glengarry Light
Infantry into the woods in front of the centre to check the advance
of the enemy and support the troops retiring from that point.
Both these movement were executed to my entire satisfaction, and
being combined with a judicious attack made Ly Lt.-Col. Gordon
with part of the Ist Brigade, consisting of the Ist Battalion of the
Royal Scots, supported by the 89th, the enemy was everywhere
driven back ana our batteries and entrenchments regained, not,
however, before he had disabled the guns in No. 3 battery and
exploded its magazine. The enemy did not again attempt to mak<^
a stand, but retreated in great disorder to the fort and was followed
by our troops to the glacis of the place. To Major-Gen. De Watte-
ville's report I must refer Your Excellency for the cause of the
enemy's success in the first instance, viz : the overwhelming number
of the enemy, to which we had only the King's and De Watteville's
to oppose. The spirit which the troops displayed in all the sub-
sequent operations deserves the highest commendation, and entitles
them to my warmest approbation. I have only to regret that the
scene of action, (a thick wood,) was so unfavorable to the display
of the valuable qualities w^hich are inherent in British troops. The
charge made by the 82d Regt. under Major Proctor, and detach-
ment of the 6th under Major Taylor, led to the recovery of the
battery No. 2, and very much decided the precipitate retrograde
movement made by the enemy from the different points of our
position, of which he had gained a short possession. Major-Gen.
De Watteville reports most favorably of the steadiness evinced by
the 1st Battalion, Royal Scots, under Lieut.-Col. Gordon, (command-
ing 1st Brigade,) and the remains of the 2d Battalion, 89th, under
Capt. Basden. I myself witnessed the good order and spirit with
which the Glengarry Light Infantry, under Lieut.-Col. Battersby,
pushed into the wood, and by their superior fire drove back the
enemy's light troops. Lieut.-Col, Pearson, inspecting field officer,
accompanied this part of his demi-brigade, and, I am sorry to say,
received a severe, though I hope not a dangerous, wound. To Major-
Gen. De Watteville, who commanded in camp and by whom the
first directions were given and arrangements made, I am under
great obligations for the judgment displayed by him, and for his
zeal and exertions during the action. My acknowledgments are also
due to Major-Gen. Stovin, who arrived at my headquarters a " few
hours before the attack, for the assistance I received from him. I
cannot sufficiently appreciate the valuable assistance which I have
received from Col. Myers, Dep.-Quartermaster-Gen., and Lieut.-Col.
206
Harvey, Dep.-Adj.-Gen., during the present service, and which have
been of the more important as from my own state of health of late,
(in consequence of my wound,) I have not been able to use those
active exertions which I otherwise might. I avail myself of this
opportunity of again expressing my sincere concern at the loss
which this division of the army sustained by the accident which
deprived it of the services of Major-Gen, Conran, from whose
energy and ability much was justly to be expected. To Major
Glegg, Assist-Adj.-Gen., and to Capts. Chambers and Powell, Dep.-
Assist.-Quartermaster-Gen., to Capt. Foster, Military Secretary,
Lieut.-Col. Hagerman, Provincial Aide-de-Camp, and to Lieut.
Nesfield, 89th Regt., acting aide-de-camp, who have rendered me
every assistance in their respective situations, my best acknowledg-
ments are due. They are likewise due to Major D'Alton, Brigade
Major with the right division, for his uniform correctness, zeal and
attention to his duty. To Lieut.-Col. Campbell of the 6th Regt. I
am also much indebted, as well in his capacity of commanding
officer of that excellent corps as in that of senior officer of the
reserve of this division. Col. Fischer of De Watteville's Regt. and
Lieut.-Col. Ogilvie of the King's are entitled to my best thanks.
The zeal and exertions of Major Phillot, commanding the Royal
Artillery, Captains Walker and Sabine, and the officers and men of
that corps, have been unremitting, and merit every commendation.
I have reason to be pleased with the activity and zeal which Major
Lisle and the officers and men of the squadron of the 19th Dragoons
have uniformly displayed. The enemy, it is now ascertained, made
the sortie with his whole force, which, including the militia volun-
teers by which he has lately been joined, could not consist of less
than 5,000. About 200 prisoners fell into our hands, and I cannot
estimate the enemy's loss in killed and wounded at less than that
number. The dreadful state of the roads and of the weather, it
having poured with rain almost incessantly for the last ten days,
rendered every movement of ordnance or heavy stores exceedingly
difficult. By great exertions the commanding artillery officer has
succeeded in moving the battery guns and mortars with their stores,
&c., towards Chippawa, to which place I mean to withdraw them
for the present.
llIaJoi>Cieneral Brown to the Secretary of War.
Headquarters,
Fort Erie, September 18, 1814.
Sir, — I have the satisfaction to announce to you a brilliant
achievement yesterday, effected by the forces under my command.
A sortie was made upon the enemy's principal batteries — these were
207
carried; we blew up his principal work, destroyed his battering
pieces and captured 400 prisoners. The enemy resisted our assault
with firmne««, but suffered greatly ; his total loss cannot be less than
800 men.
In such a business we could not but expect to lose many valu-
able lives ; they were offered up a voluntary sacrifice to the safety
and honor of this army and nation.
I will forward to you the particulars of this splendid affair,
with a return of the killed and wounded, in the course of a few
days.
Cleii. Brown to Gov. Tompkin§.
Headquarters, Fort Erie, Sept. 20, 1814.
My Dear Sir, — Your Excellency is no doubt aware how much
the army under my command has suffered from the fire of the
enemy's batteries, of which the first and second were not more than
500 yards distant. Soon after my arrival, I ascertained they were
day and night employed in erecting a third, to the right of the
others, which would rake obliquely our whole encampment. About
the 12th this new work was nearly completed, and in it were
mounted some long 24-pounders. Being very impatient under the
fire of the old, and knowing that our difficulties would increase
from the opening of the new, battery, I determined to hazard a
sortie with a view of carrying them and destroying the cannon.
On the I7th inst. an order was given to this effect and executed in
the most gallant style.
The batteries were carried, the principal work blown up, and
the cannon effectually destroyed. It was a desperate conflict. The
loss of the enemy cannot be less than 800 men. Our own is severe,
in officers particularly. The militia of New York have redeemed
their character — they behaved gallantly. Gen. Davis was killed,
and General Porter slightly wounded in the hand.
Of the militia that were called out by the last requisition,
fifteen hundred men have crossed. This reinforcement has been of
immense importance to us ; it doubled our effective strength, and
their good conduct cannot but have the happiest effect upon the
nation. The brave men deserve well of their country ; and I flatter
myself that the legislature about to convene will notice them as
becomes the representatives of a generous people.
208
Brlffadler^ileneral Porter to HaJor-€ieii«ral Brown.
Fort Erie, September 23rd, 1814.
Sir, — In executing the duty you have imposed upon me of
reporting the conduct of the officers and men composing the left
column, which you were pleased to place undei my command
in the sortie of the 17th instant, the pleasure I derive in represent-
ing to you the admirable conduct of the whole is deeply chastened
by sorrow for the loss of so many brave and distinguished men.
Being obliged from the nature of the ground to act on foot, it
was impossible that my own personal observation should reach to
every officer. Some part of this report must therefore rest upon
the information of others.
It is the business of this communication to speak of the con-
duct of individuals, yet you will permit me to premise, although
well known to yourself already, that the object of the left column
was to penetrate by a circuitous route between the enemy's batteries,
where one-third of his force was always kept on duty, and his main
camp, and that it was sub-divided into three divisions — the advance
of 200 riflemen and a few Indians commanded by Colonel Gibson,
and two columns moving parallel to and 30 yards distant from each
other. The right column was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel
Wood, headed by 400 infantry under Major Brooke of the 23rd,
and followed by 500 volunteers and militia, being parts of Lieuten-
ant-Colonels Dobbins', McBurney's and Fleming's regiments, and
was intended to attack the batteries.
The left column of 500 militia was commanded by Brigadier-
General Davis, and comprised the commands of Lieutenant-Colonels
Hopkins, Churchill and Crosby, and was intended to hold in check
any reinforcemeiats from the enemy's camp ; or both columns, (cir-
cumstances requiring it, which frequently happened,) to co-operate
in the same object.
After carrying by storm in the handsomest syle a strong block-
house in the rear of the third battery, making its garrison prisoners,
destroying the three 24-pounder8 and their carriages in the third
battery, and blowing up the enemy's magazine, and after co-oper-
ating with General Miller in taking the second battery, the gallant
leaders of the three divisions all fell nearly at the same time :
Colonel Gibson at the second Jbattery, and General Davis and Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Wood in an assault upon the first.
Brigadier-General Davis, although a militia officer of little ex-
perience, conducted himself on this occasion with all the coolness
and bravery of a veteran, and fell while advancing upon the
enemy's entrenchments. His loss as a citizen as well as a soldier
200
will be Heverely felt in the patriotic county of Oenosee. Colonel
GibHon fully suHtainod the hijjfh nulitary reputation which he had
before so justly acijuired. You know how exalteil an opinion I
have always entertained of Lt.-Col. Wood of the engineers. His
conduct on this day was what it has uniformly been on every similar
occasion, an exhibition of military skill, acute judgment and
heroic valor. Of the other regular officers, Lt.-Col. McDonald and
Major Brook, senior in command, will report to you in relation to
their respective divisions. Permit me to say, however, of these two
officers, that nnich as was left to them by the fall of their dis-
tinguished leaders, they were able to sustain their parts in the moat
admiraV>le manner, and they richly deserve the notice of the
government.
Of the militia, I regret that the limits of a report will not per-
mit me even to name all those who on this occasion established
claims to the gratitu<le of their fellow citizens, much less to
particularize individual merit. Lieut.-Cols. Hopkins, McBurney,
Churchill and Crosby, and Majors Lee, Marcle, Wilson, Lawrence,
Burr, Dunham, Kellogg and Ganson, are entitled to the highest
praise for their gallant conduct, their steady and persevering
exertions. Lt.-Col. Dobbins being prevented by indisposition from
taking the field. Major Hall, Assistant-Inspector-General, volunteered
his services to join Major Lee in command of the volunteer regi-
ment, and Major Lee and every other officer speaks of the gallant
and good conduct of this young officer.
Captain Fleming, who commanded the Indians, was, as he
always is, in the front of the battle. There is not a more intrepid
soldier in the army. I should be ungrateful were I to omit the
names of Captains Knapp and Hull of the volunteers and Captain
Parker and Lieut. Chatfield of the militia, by whose intrepidity I
was during the action extricated from the most unpleasant situation.
Capts. Richardson, Bull and Kennedy, and Lieuts. Parker and
Brown, and Adjutants Dobbin, Bates and Robinson, particularly
distinguished themselves. The patriotic conduct of Capt. Elliott,
with twenty young gentlemen who volunteered from Batavia, and
of Major Hubbard, with fourteen men exempted by age from
military duty, should not be omitted. They were conspicuous dur-
ing the action.
You will excuse me if I seem partial to my own family, con-
sisting of my Brigade-Major Frazer, my volunteer aide-de-camp,
Riddle, (both first lieutenants in the 15th Infantry,) Captain Biggar
of the Canadian volunteers, Messrs. Williams and Delapierre,
volunteer aids for the day, all of whom, except Mr. Williams, were
wounded.
210
Lieuts. Frazer and Riddle were engaged for moat of the preced-
ing day with fatigue parties, cutting roads for the advance of the
column through the swamp, and falling timber to the rear and
within 150 yards of the enemy's right, which service they executed
with so much address as to avoid discovery, and on the succeeding
day they conducted the two columns to the attack. Frazer was
severely wounded by a musket ball while spiking a gun on the
second battery ; Riddle, after the first battery was carried, descended
into the enemy's magazine, and after securing (with the assistance
of Quartermaster Greene of the volunteers, whose good conduct
deserves much praise,) a quantity of fixed ammunition, blew up the
magazine and suffered severely by the explosion. I must solicit
through you, sir, the attention of the general government to these
meritorious young men. Captain Bigger is an excellent officer and
rendered me much assistance, but was dangerously wounded. The
other young gentlenien are citizens and deserve much credit for
their activity and for having voluntarily encountered danger. My
aide-de-camp, Major Dox, was confined at Bufialo by sickness.
On the whole, sir, I can say of the regular troops attached to
the left column, of the veteran volunteers of Lieut.-Col. Dobbins'
regiment, that every man did his duty, and their conduct on this
occasion reflects a new lustre on their former brilliant achievements.
To the militia the compliment is justly due, and I could pay them
no greater one than to say, that they were not surpassed by the
heroes of Chippawa and Niagara in steadiness and bravery.
The studied intricacy of the enemy's defences, consisting not
only of the breastwork connecting their batteries but of successive
lines of entrenchments for a hundred yards in the rear, covering
the batteries and enfilading each other, and the whole obstructed
by abattis, brush, and felled timber, was calculated to produce con-
fusion among the assailants and led to several conflicts at the point
of the bayonet. But by our double columns temporary irregularities
in the one was always corrected by the other. Our success would
probably have been more complete but for the rain, which unfortu-
nately set in soon after we commenced our march, which rendered
the fire of many of our muskets useless, and by obscuring the sun
led to several unlucky mistakes. As an instance of this, a body of
60 prisonei*s, who had surrendered, were ordered to the fort in charge
of a subalteni and 14 volunteei-s : the officer misttiking the direction
conducted them towards the British camp in the route by which
we had advanced and they were retaken, with the whole of the
guard excepting the officer and one man, who fought their way
back. Several of our stragglers were made prisoners by the same
mistake. But, sir, notwithstanding these accidents, we have reason
211
to rejoice at our signal success in inflicting a vastly disproportionate
injury on the enemy, and in wholly defeating all his plans of
operation against this army.
Major-Creneral Brown to the Secretary ot War.
Headquarters, Fort Erie, Sept. 29th, 1814.
Sir, — In my letter of the 18th inst. I briefly informed you of
the fortunate issue of the sortie which took place the day preced-
ing. But it is due to the gallant officers and men to whose bravery
we are indebted for our success on this occasion, that I should give
you a more circumstantial and detailed account of this affair.
The enemy's camp I had ascertained to be situated in a field
surrounded by woods, nearly two miles distant from their batteries
and entrenchments, the object of which was to keep the part of the
force which was not upon duty out of the range of our tire from
Fort Erie and Black Rock. Their infantry was formed into three
brigades, estimated at 12 or 15 hundred men each. One of these
brigades with a detail from their artillery was stationed at their
works, (these being about 500 yards distant from old Fort Erie
and the right of our line.) We had already suffered much from
the fire of two of their batteries and were aware that a third was
about to open upon us. Under these circumstances, I resolved to
storm the batteries, destroy the cannon, and roughly handle the
brigade upon duty before those in reserve could be brought into
action.
On the morning of the 17th, the infantry and riflemen, regulars
and militia, were ordered to be paraded and put in readiness to
march precisely at 12 o'clock. Gen. Porter with the volunteers,
Colonel Gibson with the riflemen, and Major Brooks with the 23d
and 1st Infantry and a few dragoons acting as infantry, were
ordered to move from the extreme left of our position upon the
enemy's right by a passage opened through the woods for the
occasion. Gen. Miller was directed to station his command in the
ravine which lies between Fort Erie and the enemy's batteries, by
passing them by detachments through the skirts of the wood, and
the 21st Infantry under Gen. Ripley was posted as a corps of reserve
between the new bastions of Fort Erie — all under cover and out of
the view of the enemy.
About 20 minutes before 3 p. m. 1 found the left columns under
the command of Gen. Porter, which were destined to turn the
enemy's right, within a few rods of the British entrenchments.
They were ordered to advance and commence the action. Passing
down the ravine, I judged from the report that the action had
212
commenced on our left. I now hastened to Gen. Miller and directed
him to seize the moment and pierce the enemy's entrenchments
between batteries Nos. 2 and 3. My orders were promptly and
ably executed. Within 30 minutes after the first gun was fired,
batteries Nos. 3 and 2, the enemy's line of entrenchments, and his
two blockhouses were in our possession. Soon after, battery No. 1
was abandoned by the British. The guns in each were spiked by
us or otherwise destroyed, and the magazine of No. 3 was blown up.
A few minutes before the explosion, I had ordered up the re-
serve under Gen. Ripley. As he passed me at the head of his
column, I desired him, as he would be the senior in advance, to
ascertain as near as possible the situation of the troops in general,
and to have a care that not more was hazarded than the occasion
required ; that the object of the sortie effected, the troops would
retire in good order, &c. Gen. Ripley passed rapidly on. Soon
after I became alarmed for General Miller and sent an order for the
21st to hasten to his support towards battery No. 1. Col. Upham
received tlte order and advanced to the aid of Gen. Miller. Gen.
Ripley had inclined to the left, where Maj. Brooks' command was
engaged, with a view of making some necessary inquiries of that
officer, and in the act of doing so was unfortunately wounded. By
this time the object of the sortie was accomplished l:)eyond my most
sanguine expectation. Gen. Miller had consequently ordered the
troops on the right to fall back. Observing this movement, I sent
my staff along the line to call in the other corps. Within a few
minutes they retired to the ravine and from thence to camp.
Thus one thousand regulars and an equal portion of militia, in
one hour of close action blasted the hopes of the enemy, destroyed
the fruits of fifty days' labor, and diminished his effective force
1000 men at least. I am at a loss to express my satisfaction at the
gallant conduct of the officers and men of this division, whose valor
has shone superior to every trial. Gen. Portei*, in his official report
herein enclosed, has very properly noticed those patriotic citizens
who have done so much honor to themselves by freely and volun-
tarily tendering their services at a dangerous and critical period.
As the scene of the action was in the w(X)d in advance of the
position I had chosen for directing the movements, the several
reports of the commandants of corps must guide me in noticing
individuals.
General Miller mentions Lieut.-Col. Aspinwall, Lieut.-Col.
Beedle, Major Trimble, Capt. Hull, Capt. Ingersol, Lieut. Crawford,
Lieut. Lee, and particularly Ensign O'Fling, as entitled to distinction.
Lieut.-Col. McDonald, upon whom the command of the rifle
corps devolved upon the fall of the brave and generous Gibson,
213
names Adjutants Shortridge of the 1st and Ballard of the 4th
Regiment as deserving the highest applause for their promptness
and gallantry in communicating orders. Of the other officers of
the corps, he reports generally that the bravery and good conduct
of all was so conspicuous as to render it impossible to discriminate.
Major Brooks, to whom much credit is due for the distinguished
manner in which he executed the orders he received, speaks in high
terms of Lieuts. Goodell, Ingersol, Livingston, and Ensigns Brant
and O'Fling of the 23d, particularly of the latter. Also of Capt.
Simms, Lieutenants Bissel, Shore and Brinot of the 1st Infantry,
and Lieut. Watts of the dragoons.
Lieut.-Col. Upham, who took command of the reserve after
Gen. Ripley was disabled, bestows great praise upon Major Cham-
bers of the 4th Regiment of riflemen attached to the 21st Infantry,
as also upon Capt. Bradford and Lieut. Holding of that regiment.
My staff, Col. Snelling, Col. Gardner, Major Jones, and my
aide-de-camp. Major Austin, and Lieut. Armstrong, were, as usual,
zealous, intelligent, and active ; — they performed every duty required
of them to my entire satisfaction.
Major Hall, Assistant Inspector-Gen., led a battalion of militia
and conducted it with skill and gallantry. Lieut. Kirby, Aid-de-
Camp to Gen. Ripley, was extremely active and useful during the
time he was in the action.
Lieutenants Frazer and Riddle were in Gen. Porter's staff;
their bravery was conspicuous, and no officers of their grade were
more useful.
The corps of artillery commanded by Major Hindman, which
has been so eminently distinguished throughout this campaign, had
no opportunity of taking a part in the sortie. The 25th Infantry,
under Col. Jessup, was stationed in Fort Erie, to hold the key of
our position.
Col. Brady, on whose firmness and good conduct every reliance
could be placed, was on command at Buffalo with the remains of
the 22d Infantry. Lieut.-Col. McRea and Lieut.-Col. Wood of the
corps of engineers have rendered to this army services the most
important. I nmst seize the opportunity of again mentioning them
particularly. On every trying occasion I have reaped much benefit
from their sound and excellent advice. No two officers of their
grade could have contributed more to the safety and honor of this
army. Wood, brave, generous, and enterprising, died as he had
lived, without a feeling but for the honor of his country and the
glory of her arms ; his name and example will live to guide the
soldiers in the path of duty so long as true heroism is held in estima-
tion. McRea lives to enjoy the approbation of every virtuous and
214
generous mind, and to receive the reward due to his services and
high military talents.
It is proper here to notice that although but one-third of the
enemy's force was on duty when his works were carried, the whole
were brought into action while we were employed in destroying his
cannon. We secured prisoners from seven of his regiments and
know that the 6th and 82d suffered severely in killed and wounded,
yet these regiments were not upon duty,
Lieut.-Gen. Drummond broke up his camp during the night of
the 21st and retired to his entrenchments behind the Chippawa.
A party of our men came up with the rear of his army at French-
man's Creek ; the enemy destroyed part of their stores by setting
fire to the buildings from which they were employed in conveying
them. We found in and about their camp a considerable quantity
of cannon ball and upwards of one hundred stand of arms.
I send you enclosed herein a return of our loss. The return of
prisoners enclosed does not include the stragglers that came in after
the action,
Report of the Killed, Wounded and Missing in tlie above Action.
Killed, 79; wounded, 216; missing, 216; total, 511.
C. K. Gardner,
Adj.-Gen.
Return of prisoners taken in the above action : — Two majors,
4 captains, 4 lieutenants, 1 ensign, 1 assistant-surgeon, 4 staff
sergeants, 19 sergeants, 17 corporals, 1 drummer, 332 rank and file.
Total, 385. J. Snelling,
Insp.-Gen.
Names and Rank of Officers Killed, Wounded and Missing at
Fort Erie, ITth September, 1814.
Killed — Lt.-Col. Wood, Engineers ; Capt. L. Bradford, 2l8t Inf.j
Capt. H. Hale, 11th Inf. ; Capt. L. G. A. Armistead, 1st Riflemen.
Wounded — Brig.-Gen. Ripley ; Brigade-Major Lieut, Crawford,
11th Inf.; 9th Inf., Lt.-Col. Aspinwall, Capt. Ingersol, Lieut. E.
Childs, (bayonet wound); 11th Inf., Lieuts, W. F. Hale, I. Clarke,
Stevenson, and Davis ; 19th Inf., Maj. Trimble, Ensign Neely ; 21st
Inf., Ensign Cummings ; 23d Inf., Lieut. Brown, Ensign O'Fling,
(mortally); 1st Rifles, C»ipt, Ramsey, Lieut, Cobb, (dead); 4th
Rifles, Col. Gibson, (dead), Lieut. Grant.
Missing — Lieut. Ballard, 4th Rifles, militia.
215
Killed — Brig.-Gen. Davis, Capt. Buel, (Crosby's Regt.), Lieut.
Brown, (McBumey's), Lieut. W. Belknap, (Hopkins'), Ensign
Blakely, (McBumey's).
Wounded — Maj.-Gen. Porter, (sword wound), Lieut. Frazer,
15th Inf., Riddle, 15th Inf., Capt. Bigger. N. Y. Vol., (Dobbin's
Regt.), Capt. Knapp, Lieut. Bailey, (McBumey's), Capt. Hale,
(wounded and prisoner, Hopkin's Regt.), Lieut. Gillet.
Missing— Lieut.-Col. Churchill, Major E. Wilson, Q. M., O. Wil-
cox, Capts. Crouch and Case, Lieut. Case, Ensigns Chambers, Clark,
and Church.
Cieneral Brown to the Secretary of War.
H. Q., Camp Fort Erie, October Ist, 1814.
Sir, — Looking over my official account of the action of the I7th
ultimo, I find that the names of the regiments which composed
General Miller's command were not given. As I believe it even more
important to distinguish corps than individuals, I am anxious to
correct this mistake. General Miller on that day commanded the
remains of the 9th and 11th Infantry and a detachment of the 19th.
Of three field officers attached to them, two were severely wounded ;
Lt.-Col. Aspinwall of the 9th, gallantly leading his men to the at-
tack, and Major Trimble of the lOth, who was shot within their
works, conducting with great skill and bravery. A detachment of
the 17th Regiment was attached to the 21st.
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