CIHM Microfiche Series (IMonographs) iCMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) CanaciMMi liwtittita for Htotorleal Mierorafwoduetions / Institut eanadton da mieroraproductiefw MtteriquM Technicai and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bit>iiographique8 The instiliM ha* atlMnplsd to obtain th« tiest original coDV avtfalila for fiMno. F^tSufut of ttiia oonv wMdi may ba UMtograpMcaNy uniqua, wtiich nwy aSar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may aignificantly changa tha usual mathod of filnting ara n CokxMd oovais / Couvartuia da coulaur Cowaia damagad / Couvartufa andommagto Covais l a a t or ad and^ laminatad / Couvartwa raatauria atfau pa l l cu Ma D D D D n Covar tWa misaing / 1^ titra da couvartura manqua Coiouiad mapa / Cartas gtegrapNquaa an coulaur Colourad ink (La. othar than blua or t)lack) / Enera da coulaw (i.a. autra qua t>laua ou noira) Colourad plataa and^ Wustrationa / Planchas at/ou Muatrations an coulaur Bound with (Mhar matarial / RaM avac d'autraa doojments OmyadWonavaHabla/ swuiaaainon anponma Tight binding may cauaa ahadowa or distortion along intarior margin / La raNura aan4a pautcausarda rombra ou da la diatorsion la long da la marga imanaufs. Blartk laavaa addad during rastoratens may appaar wmnmaisxi. wnanavar possma, naaa nava oaan omMad from filming / Nsapautquacartainaapagaa bianehas ajoutias lors d'una rastauration a p p ara lsaan t dana la taxia, mais, lorsqua cala MaK poaaiblai oaa pagaa n'ont pas 4M fUmtes. L'Institut a nUcrofilm* la maHlaur axampWra qu'H lui a M poastt)la da sa procurar. Laa ditaHa da oat axam- piaira qui sont paut-Mra unlquaa du point da vua Mbi- ogn^Mqua. qui pauvant modMar una Imma rapnduto. ou qui pauvant exigai una modification dana la mMio- da norm^ da flhni^ sort indiquis d-daasoua. I Colourad pagaa /Pagaa da coulaur I Pagaadamagad/ □ Pagaa rasioradand/br laminatad/ Pagas rsstaurtaa attou paWcuHas r^ Pagaa discoioursd. siainad or fosMd / I — I Pagaa dteoloriaa.tachaMaaouplqutea I I Pagas datachad/ Pagaa d4tach«aa [71 Showthrough/Tranaparanca I — I QualKyafprMvarlas/ D D D QuaHt* inAgala da rimpraaaion Inchidas supplamantary malarial / Comprand du malMal suppMnrwntaira Pagas wholy or partiaNy obacurad by anata slips, tissuas. ate., hava baan lafilmad to anaura tha bast possibia imaga / Laa pagas totalamant ou partiaHamart obactodaa par un fauWat d'arrata. una pakira, ale., ort M* W I m ias * nouvaau da fa^on k oblanir la maWauia tmsna nnaiWii Opposing pagas with varying colouration or diacolourationa ara flmad twioa to anaura tha baM possibia imaga / l.as pagaa s'opposartayart das colorations variablas ou das dteolorations sort fl i m is s dsux fois afin d'obtanir la m aWau r s imaga Aoanionai commanis/ Commantalras nypHlmsntslrsi: I^MtlM Is M felltMi (l]- aien. or tha baeit cover whon ap pr opriato. AN othor origbial copiaa ara fiimod begi n ni n g on tho firat paga with a prkitad or NhMtratad impraa- aion. and andbig en tha laat page with a printad or Hlua tre ted itnpraaaian. The loot recorded frame o ahaN contain the •ymboi ■ TINUiO"). or the aymboi microficho »> (mooning "COKi- (mooning "END"). Kompleirea origineiM dent le couvertura an papier cot imprimte aont filmia en commancant par ie premior plot et en terminant aoit par la dami*re page qtd eomporte une empreinta dimpreaaion ou dlMuetration, aoit par la second plat, aalon le cee. Toua lea autraa aaemplairas originaua aont fUmda en commencant par la p re mi dre page qui eomporte une empreinta dimpr e a ai on ou d'Wuatration at en terminant par la demi d ro poge qui eomporte une telle empreintOi Un dee aymbe l ee auhranta apparettra sur la demidre imago do cheque microfiche, telon le caa: la symboio -i» aignifia "A tUIVRE". la aymbola ▼ aignifia "NM". Mapa. plataa. charta. etc.. may bo fNmod at d l ff a ro n t reduction ratioa. Thoeo too large to be ontireiv incl u de d in one eapoeure ere filmed beginning In the upper left hend comer, loft to right and top to bottom, aa many framea aa roqutood. The foMewing d iag ra m a iHuatrate tho Laa cartee. planchea. tabtaeua. etc.. peuvent *tre fUmda * dee taua da rdduction diffdranu. Loraqua la document eet trop grand pour *tra raproduit en un soul cHchd. il eat fUmd * partir do I'angla aupdrieur gauche, do gauche * droita. et do haut on baa. an pranant la nombra d'Imegee nicaaaaire. Lee diegremmee auivents INuetrent lo mdthodo. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 l o tui i o ii na CNMT (/MSI and SO TEST CHAUT No. 2) 1.0 ttt|2£ 123 I.I Itt |2£ 1.25 lu L6 ^ /ff=yt-ED M/GE Ine l(U Eat IWn llfMt W lf hlrt u , Nm VMi T4IOt USA (7t«) tm - SHi - r* DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BEPORT 4 ON AN EXPLOKATOKY SUliV^.Y IIKTWEEN GREAT SLAVE LAKE AND HUDSON BAY DISTRICTS OF MACKENZIE AND KEEWATIN av J. W. TYRRELU 1).I..S. AfPKXhIX Xn X, PART III. AXXUAL UEI'OHT l!>ol OTTAWA GOVERNMENT PRINTING BUREAU 1902 ^- Uduur DEPARTM. >T OF THE INTERIOR REPORT OK AN EXPLORATORY SURVEY BBTWEBN GREAT SLAVE LAKE AND HUDSON BAY DISTRICTS OF MACKENZIE AND KEEWATIN BT J. W. TYRRELT, D.I..S. APPENDIX No. 26, PART III, ANNUAL REPORT 1901 iiiitHiiiiiiiiiiiiniiHiiiniii OTTAWA GOVERNMENT PRINTING BUREAU 1901 BZPOBT OF J. W. TTRRELL, D.L.S., EXPLORATORY SURVEY BETWEEN GBEAT SLAVE LAKE AND HUDSON BAY. DISTMOTS OF MACKENZIE AND KEEWATIN. Surrayor Gcnenl, Department of Interior, Ottawa, Oauada. Haioltoii, Out., August 30, 1901. Sot, — Herewith I have the honour to submit the report of my exploratory surrey of 1000, ea.tendin8 from Great Slave lake to Hudson bay, in the districts of Mackenzie and Keewatin. IHTRODUOTORT. In aooordanoe with yonr inbtructions, dated January 20, 1900, I have made an exploration of the country between Great Slave lake and Hudson bay, in the districts of Mackenzie and Keewatin, and have now prepared a large map, comprising twenty- two sheets, 82 x 40 inches, on a scale of one inch to one statute mile, of the routes cov- ered by OUT expedition. In all seventeen hundred and twenty-nine miles of survey were accomplished, and in the performance of this, four thousand six hundred miles were travelled with sleds and canoes. Two hundred photographs (6x7) were obtained along our route. A large number of astronomical and magnetic oloervations were obtained. A complete meteorological record was kept throughout the journey. As corvplete a botanical collection as could be made in the barren grounds was obtained, ua. n inlet in the latitude of 64* north and in the longitude of 32° eaat from Uarble island which was three or four league* wide at ita entrance, but upon their ■ailing eight ItMtguea up, it innreased to liz or seven leagues wide. That their course io far was NJT.W. by compaaa. but then it began to turn more to the westward ; that ■ailing ten leagues higher it grew narrower by degreea till it became but four Imgues wide ; that notwit h sta ndin g th«y could perceive shores o;>en again, they w^re discour- aged from proceeding further because the water from being salt, transparent, and deep with steep shores, and strong currents, grew fresher, thicker and shallower at that height.** From the above account it would appear that their discoveries of the inlet ascend- ed to the neighbourhood of Centre island, though this is somewhitt uncertain since their statements of distances are very inaccurate, the width of the inlet, for instance, as seen by them being at no place more than twelve miles wide instead of seven leagues (twenty-one miles). OAPTAIM CHRISTOPHER. In the year 1761 Chesterfield inlet was again entered by Captain Christopher, who ascended it for a distance of 100 miles, when finding the waters becoming fresh he turned back. The following year, he, with the sloop Churchill, accompanied by Mr. Morton ir a cutter, returned to the inlet and ascended it to Baker lake, at the west end of which they saw the mouth of a river. On Christopher's chart, opposite the mouth of this river these worda are written : ' A small river, full of falls and shoals, not water enough for a boat' f This note, it may be mentioned in passing, is very much at variance with the facis aa nrw disclosed, and may be best explained by assuming that Christopher never saw the mouth of the Thelon or Doobaunt river, but got into the mouth of some smaller stream. SAMUKL HEABNB. The next expedition, in order of time, affording any information regarding the region in question, were those famous journeys made by Samuel Heame in the years 1769-70-71-72, the account of which was published by himself in 1795. His narrative throughout is an exceedingly interesting cne, although not noted for geographical accuracy. It is valuable rather as an early history of a remote region of this country, and I will take the liberty of here quoting from his book certain parts having direct reference to portions of my route of exploration. Writing of his third journey, page S'l, Heame says : ' We still continued our course to the west and west by south, and on the 8th of April (1771) arrived at a small lake called tThelewey-aia-yeth, but with what propriety it is 80 called I cannot discover, for the meaning of Thelewey-aza-yeth is Little Fish Hill, probably so called from a high hill which stands on a long point near the west end of the lake. ' On ' island in this lake we pitched our tents, and the Indians finding deer very nnmf determined to stay here some time in order to dry and pound meat to take with us, for they well knew by the season of the year, that the deer were then drawing out to the barren grounds, ond as the Indians proposed to walk due north on leaving this lake it was tmcertain when we should meet with any more. •Beport of Doobaunt, Kazon and Ferguson rivers, by J. Burr Tyrrell, Geol Survey of Canada, 1896. t Report of Doobaunt, Kazan and Ferguson rivers, by J. Burr Tyrrell, Geological Survey of Canada, 1896. t A. lake on the upper portion of the Thelon river. ' Acreeably to the Indians' propoaal we remained at Thelewey-aaa-yeth tun a„ys, daring which time mjr oompaniona wen bnsily employed (at their interrala from hunt- iur) in preparinff small stares of birch wood about li inches square and 7 or 8 feet long. These serve aa tent poles ^all the summer while on the barren grounda, and as the fall advances are converted into anow-shoe frames for wintnr use. ' Birch rind, toget'.er with timbers and other wood work for building canoes, went also another object of the Indians' attention while at this place, but as uie canoes werj not to be set up till our arrival at Glowey (which was many miles distant), a^' e wood work was reduced to its proper sise for the purpose of making it light for .r- riage. ' As to myself I had little to do except to make a few observationa for determi: Ing the latitude, bringing v my journal, and filling up my chart to the present time. I found the latitude of th»o place 61° 30' north, and its longitude, by my account, 19* west of Prince of Wales Fort. Having a good stock of dried provisions and most of the necessary work for canoes all ready by the 18th, we moved about 9 or 10 miles to the north-north-west, and there came to a tent of Northern ludianx 'vho were tenting on the north side of Thelewey-aza river.* From these Indip- .atonabbee purchased another wife. ' On the 23rd, as I hinted above, we began to move forw i i to shape our course nearly north, but the weather was in general go hot, and so ^bch snow had in conse- quence been melted, aa made it bad walking in snow-shoes, and such exceeding heavy I' • 'ng, that it was the 3rd of May before we could arrive at Clowey — though the dis- tui. je was not above eighty-five miles from Thelewey-aza-yeth. ' In our way we crossed part of two small lakes, called Tittameg lake and Scartaok lake. ' The Lake Clowey is not much j-xore than twelve miles broad in the widest part. A small river which runs into it on the west side is said by the Indians to join the " Athapuscow " lake.r ' Besides the Grand river, already mentioned, t there are several others of less note which empty themselves into the great Athapuscow lake.** There are aiso several small rivers and creeks on the north-east side of the lake, that carry off tiie superfluous waters, some of which, after a variety of windings through the barren grounds to the ncrth of Churchill river, are lost in the marshes and low grounds, whilst others by means of many small channels and rivulets are discharged into other rivers and lakes, and at last, doubtless find their way i 'o Hudson bay.'ft Later in his narrative, Heame t ' From the 13th to the 2^ ih of Ff ary we walked along a small river that emp- ties itself into the Lake Clow r/, nnar tne part where we built canon in May, one thou- sand seven hundred and sev^-ity-one. This little river is that which we mentioned in the fomer part of this jouriil as having communicated with the Athapuscow lake ; but from appe' i*. -es, it is oi i.o consequence whence it takes its rise, or where it emp- ties itself, as o) -'; 'If of it it, .'early dry three-fourths of the year. The intervening ponds, however, tia>ing sufficiert depth of water, are, we may suppose, favourable situ- ations for beaver, as many of their houses aro to be found in those parts. , ' The little river lately mentioned, as well as the adjacent lakes and ponds, being well stocked with beavers, and the land abounding with moose and buffalo, we were induced to make but slow progress in our journey. and is separated *One of tbe upper branches of Tbelon river. t Athapuscow lalce is what we now know as Great Slave lalce, from Clowey by the height of land. t Slave river. ** Great Slave lake. tt A remarkable ezampl- of imagination. In order to perform such a feat che waters of Lake Athapascov would have to cross an elevation of 800 feet. . ^j?*^. ^^ ^^ '^ ^ hnatiiie, feaMix* and dijrioc a large qnantily of fleah ^ T^^ ™. pwtwoUriy that of the buffalo, for my oonqmnioiu knew ^ eEMri- enoe that a few daj-i walk to the aaatward of our meaent dtnation woald bru« m to a part where we ahonld not see any of thoee animala.' -• «- w ■ In oonneetion with the present report, the foOowinc quotation from Heame is. to my min^ of great interest sinoe it undoubtedly refers to the Talkiy of the lower Thelon nw. He u desenbing a remote Indian settlement from which a wanderinc band had oome. and writes as follows :— —uona, oam k- 1^^ *4«^* acoounts that I could ooUeot, the latitude of this place must be about 83i or 68 at least ; the longitude is very uncertain. From my own experience I can aidnn that it is some hundreds of miles both from the seaside and th« main woods to the westward. ^ ♦ Few of the trading Northern Indians have visited this place, but those who have give a pleasing description of it, aU agreeing that it is situated on the banks of a river whiob has communication with several fine lakes. As the current seU to the north- eastward, it empties itself, in aU probabUity. into some part of Hudson bay, and, from the latitude, no part seems more likely for this communication than Baker's lake at the head of Chesteriield inlet. This, however, is mere conjecture, nor is it of any con- sequence as navigation on any of the rivers in those parte is not only impracticable, but would be also unprofitable, as they do not lead into a country that produces any- tbing for trade, or that oontaina any inhabitants worth visiting. The accounts given of this place, and the manner of life of its inhalntants. would, if ralatod at full length, fiU a volume ; let it anffice to oboervo that the situation u said to be remarkable for every kind of game that the barren grounds produo* at the different seasons of the year, but the continuance of the game with them is in mneraL unowrtain, except that of fish and partridges. »«» ■»«««, ' That being the case, the few who compose this little commonwealth, are by long custom, and the constant example of their forefathers, possessed of a provident turn of nund, with a degree of frugality unknown to every other tribe of Indiana in thU country except the Esquimaux. Deer is said to visit this part of the country in aston- isfaing numbers, both in spring and autumn, of which circumstance the inhabitants avail tbemselvn by killing and drying as much of their flesh as possible, particularly in the fall of the year, so they are seldom in want of a good winter's stock. Qeesab A* n T^ ^"* *"" " *^* P'*"**^ during their migration, both in the spring and fall, and by much art, joined to an unsurmounUble patience, are caught in con- siderable numbers in s.iares, and without doubt make a very pleasing dunge of food. Jt is also reported, though I confess I doubt the truth of it, that a remarkable species '*!SJ" *^' ■• "*" " ^"«'"*» '»*'•• ■" 'onnd in that part of the country only' Those, as well as the common partridge it is said, are killed in considerable num- bers with snares, as well as with bows and arrows. a-jT"? "r*? "V* ^"^ ""' *•" ""'• '«"*•* ^•»««' ^ '■n»»ly •'>«^ mentioned had flxed their aMe, abounded with fine fish, particularly trout and barbie which are easily esujrfit. the former with hooks, and the latter in nets. In fact, I have not seen or hesrd of any part of this country which seems to possess half the advantages requisite for a constent residence, that are ascribed to this little spot. The desoendante. how- •rer, of the present inhabitanta must in time evacuate it for want of wood, which is of so s^w a growth in those regions, exclusive of what is cut down and carried away by the Esquimaux, must cost many years to replace. It may probably be thought strange tnat any part of a community, apparently so commodiously situated and happy within themselves should be found at so great a distance from the rest of their tribes, and in- deed nothing but neeessity could possibly have urged them to undertake a joumev of so many hundred miles as they have done ; but no situation is without its inconveni- ences, and ss thpir woods contain no bireh trPM of sufflficrt ejgp. or perhaps nonr of any sise, this party had come so far to the westward to procure birch rind for making U«^^ irlTj?* ^^ 'I"*"' *•"* r^ T *• '"'*•'*'• <»' »•» Wreh tree, which IB used by all the Indians in those parts for tinder.' Until the pMNst time, tfia wharMbooti of thb oortlnn < Otiden of Bdio,' m mil dflMribad, though ntrer Tinted, by Heame, has. been a matter of niTBtay. No rash pradootiTB valkj at flooriahiac ftttlemaat baa been known to aziat in tha bamn lands, and Heame's atoiy faaa thus aeemad bnt an Indian faUe. The inmatigatiaaa of tha pisauut expedition have^ howerer, eataUiahed both tlM acristanoe and looation of Bnoh an oaais, bat, aa pndiotad bgr Haarne, tha priaiitive aal- tlaia have knc ainoa ds^a rt ed, ahhoncfa for sono other roasona than lack of fnd. Tha wrHer'a deseripti<»a of the land of theae early settlera will appear later in thia report oapun DOMOAii. Tha next point of attaak tending towards the exploration of our route was from the eaatward, whan in ITM Oaptain CbsAu Donoan entered Chesterfield inlet, aaaand- ed to Baker lake and anchored at its western extremity in the mouth of the Thehm or JJoobaunt rivar* Thenoa 'ha followed the eouise of the rirer by land until ha found it oame item the nordiward, in whieh direction he traced it nearly thirty milsa, when, being oea- ▼inoed that it must be the drain of scnne lake in th»t line, and not an outlet from tiia Doobaimt,* ha retomed, being satisllad that his following it further eoidd not lead to anynaeful diaoorery. Had ita oourae been from Aa wwtward, he woi^ not hare left h, he aays, untQ he had seen its Bonrae.'t Had Oaptain Dnnoan pushed his inTsstigations further, he would hare disoorerad that tita riTer did eome from the weatwaid, and not only so but that throu^ it tha * Doobaunt ' finda its outlet am OMMMI BACK. Coming down to the ezplorationa of the past century, the first, and that furnish- ing moat inf onnation in regard to the divide between Oreat Slave lake and Hudson bay, ia that made by Sir Qeorge Bade, during the years 18S8-84-S0, the winters of which he spent at Old Fort Beliance, a beautiful spot at the north-east extremity of Oreat Slave lake. His explorations extended over parts of Oreat Slave, Artillery, Olinton- Oolden, and Aylmer lakes aa well as the whole of Back's river, and from the Indiana Back obtained some interesting infonnation regarding the route followed by the writer. The following notes and quotations are taken frcon ' Oaptain Ba<^s Arotio Land Expedition ' : — He reports 4 feet of ioe along the shore of Artillery lake on the 16th of June, 1884, and having travelled over it with his sleds on that date. Under date of the 19th of June, on Olinton-Colden lake, he mentiona the ioe as beooming treadierous and rotten in places, and covered by new snow. Nevertheless he was able to continue his sled journey across Aylmer lake on June the 86th, and on the Back river until July Snd, after which he was sble to travel by boat in open water. In making his first trip out to Artilleiy and Clinton-Oolden lakes, Bade travelled by way of the Hoarfrost river, but on hit return to winter quarters at Fort Relianoe in the autumn, he made an attempt to descend the ' Ah-nel-deceth '-Lockhart river, and thus describes his adventures. ' The river by whieh it (Artillery lake) diaoharges itself into Oreat Slave lake, began ita deacent by an ugly rapid, too hasardoua to run and yet scarcely so dangerooa a* to induce us to make a portage of. We compromised, therefore, by lowering half the way and carrying the rest. A second rapid was run, but we had not calculated on the amasing foree of so confined a torrent, and just as we gained the eddy, the oU canoe got a twi§t which nearly broke it in two. Another dump of pines induoed ma to land, and while the mam cnmined the quality of the timber I obtained a set of • Report of Doobannt, Kaaan and Farguson rivers, by J. Burr Tyrell. of Canada, 1806. t A largo lake diacovored by Hcame. Oeol. Survey if*^.'!!!^'' ""^ ^ ^*^*°^ •*' '^ *«^- l«»n«itw»e 108* 28* 24" west, .nd yaria- non 38 43^ east 'The wood WM in no way better than that Men in the early part of the morning, •ndwe pushed from the bank with the intention of goin; carefully down the straim. 3!i.* 'I^ * "»d~"»on. if not of pcitiTe rppiehension. betokened kob inward working m the stoemnan's nund, for which I was utterly unable to aooount. untU in- IVT^L^ *" t"^.P"* Mawfelly had been talking about the dangers he did know •nd the dangers he did not know in the Ah-hel-dewy. The Indians, he said, nerer attempted it in any manner, either up or down, and as he was not in a hurry to die though he was wiUing to walk on the rocks, he would not on any account run it in the canoe. I shamed him out of this unmanly resolution, and when he and his companion fcad indulged in a laugh among themselves, we slipt down another rapid. However, on ttying the fourth, the steersman became so unnerved as to lose all self-command, and by notco-operating with De C!harl6it, fixed us against a sharp rock that cut the canoe, ilappily It twirled around and floated till we reached the shore. The man's con- fldenoe was gone, and rather than incur any more such risk in the foaming rapids be- fore us, I abandoned an attempt which the Indian persisted in decUring was impos- nW^ and the trusty and battered canoe being left with a few other things in cache, •aob man was ladened with a weight of one hundred and twenty pounds, and began to pick his way up the steep and irregular sides of the hills. 'I took leave, therefore, of the Ah-hel-dessy and had abundant cause to rejoice at Bsvinr done so. for the whole distenoe to the mountain appeared to be an unbroken racwanoa of rapids, which must have stopped us, for whether passable or not in a ooat. tney were evidently impractical in a canoe. ' ^* ^"f expected that our route would have been by a small river about a mile to the eastward, invanably used by the Chippewyans or Yellowknives. whenever they pro- « m that direction, and as it may be supposed, quite unknown to me untU that moment. On subsequent inspection, however, it was found to be too shallow for canoes, being merely the outlet of some small lakes, and the waters of a picturesque WI from four to eight feet distant. There were many smaU Indian canoes stowed m.der the branches of the wiUows, and as it was the lowest and most favourable route to the barren knds. It was preferred, it seems, to those by which I had passed.' Artn7fI!J?t T r'".?~ °°/V'>« ^ 0* ^^ foUowing year, and portaging across to Artuleiy lake. Back writes as follows : — 'Taking a northerly direction through the woods, we soon got into a succession M swamps, then ascended steep rocks, and subsequently gained a sight of the Ah-hel- dessy, which seems n that part to be navigable, though from the noise it was cerUin a heavy fall* was not far distant. « a.' ^''**^»°)f«^ sand-hiUs variegated by the arbutus plant, caUed by the traders iniTl'^^L^'^^li " "Crowberry." These hill, w^re geneiily hlmmJd ».S.. of. fn- it^'^l "** ^'"f" «™''*"' ^^' ^»th here and there thick rfn^ r^Z uf ""l *'>"'/^°»' °' •><»?«« f'o» the lower parts of vertical pre- Olpioes. A few old tracks of deer were seen. mii.'flf^iS^STr*' »°**7«">««* ''?»''««' ^o "^'"nP". and in going over their sum- Z « „Lj "\T ^'"'"fnt'y ««n '^"king it. rapid course along the base of the mountain range which sometimes assumed the wildest character. The space from the spot where I had left the canoe last year to the first rapid out of ArtiC Wk" was qwite open, and immense quantities of ice were floating down the stream. The temperature was fuU 10 degrees co er than at the house ; large masses of ice and snowencumbered the banks or borders of the rocks, and the icTon the lake had not decayed near^ so much as was observed at the same season of the year in im «t Point lak^ more than two degrees to the north. uwyeariniwa just completed the boats .... At 8.80 a.m. of June 10, the largeboaV wM • Parry's falls. I dragged about three-qnartert of a mik through a half dry awamp, and over some rocka to ArtillMy lake, where she waa placed firmly on runnera plated with iron and drawn over the ioe by two men and six fine dogs ' The runnera appeared to slide easily, and for half an hour a brisk pace was kept up. By degrees, however, it sladcened on aocotmt of the badness of the ice, which waa literally A bed of angular spikes, of many shapes and aiaes, but all ao sharp as to make walking a most painful and laborious operation.' Upon his return journey, after exploring the Back riyer. Sir George writes as follows : — ' About noon on the 24th (September) we got to the Ah-hel-desay, where we were greeted with the sight of berries The descent of this small but abominable river waa a succession of running rapids, making portages and lowering down cas- cades, and much time waa occupied in previous examination, without which precau- tion wo dared not stir a yard. Still the rapids increased in number and difficulty, until at last a deep and perpendicular fall* rushing between mountainous rocks into a vast chasm stopped all further progress. The steersman, unwilling to be arrested even by such obstacles, went SMne distance farther, but soon returned with an account of more falls and cascades. /To convey the boat over so rugged and mountainous a country, most of the de- clivities of which were coated with thin ice, and the whole hidden with snow, so as to render mere walking impossible, and though it was annoying to be forced to leave her, yet aa there was no alternative, she waa safely hauled up among some willows and se- cured. ' Each of the crew being laden with a piece weighing 75 pounds, we began our march to the Fort across the mountains now entirely covered with snow four inches deep. The small lakes and swamps were also frozen hard enough to bear a passage across.' parry's falls. ' We had not proceeded more than six or seven miles when, observing the spray rising from another fall, we were induced to visit it, and were well consoled for hav- ing left the boat where she'vtas. ' From the only point at which the greater part of it was visible, we could distin- guish the river coming sharp round a rock, and falling into an upper basin almost concealed by intervening rocks, whence it broke in one vast sheet into a chasm be- tween four and five hundred feet deep, yet in appearance so narrow that we fancied we could almost step across it. Out of this the spray rose in misty columns, several hundred feet -bove our heads, but as it was impossible to see the main fall from the side on which we were, in the following spring I paid a second visit to it, approaching from the western bank. The road to it which 1 travelled in snow-shoes, was fatigu- ing in the extreme, and scarcely less dangerous, for to say nothing of the steep ascents, fissures in the rocks, and deep snow in the valleys, we had sometimes to creep along the narrow shelves of precipices, slippery witl the frosen mist that fell on them. But it waa a sight which well repaid any risk. j£y first impression was of a strong re- semblance to an iceberg in Smurenvurg Harbour, Spitsbergen. The whole face of the rocks forming the chasm was entirely coated with blue, green and white ice, in thou- aanda of pendent icicles, and there were, moreover, oavems, fissures and overhanging ledfres in all imaginable variety of forms, so curious and beautiful as to surpass any- thing of which I had ever heard or read. The immediate approach was extresSely hasardoui, nor could we obtain a perfect tIbw of the lower fall, in consequence of the projection of the western cliffs. At the lowest position which we were able to attain we were still more than one hundred feet above the level of the bed of the river b«- * Harvey falls, 00 fset high. fros i9 iJw cotonr of the water vaned from a yny liofat to a tmt OmA mmb mmA «k. Swua or IteUaa falla altiwiigfa the, Bay eaeh « dumn Ae «• tritlidwLi"&i^ to be compared to thia for splendor of efcet «— iff" wwn aw«i, aienotto 'It WH die moat impoaiiK iweotade I had efer witneaMxL and as ita benr-like an. <'^.^*«*«» MTigmtor, Sir Edward Parry, and eaUed it « Parry's Rdla."™ d««,^?li^LiTLr^ knowledge published by B«*. con«min» the Ah-hel. fnJ^r^^'li: t^^^-lS-SSt"^ -P =«de for him. iUnatratin. ro.t,a lA/JM/iAi AfJWJ^ ^^^fcrfJt«ytfcf# t Thelon rlrer. In cOTneoti ulets of Hndaon bay or as I ferrently hoped, more direcdy luafh towards Point Tumsgain, it was altogether beyond his knowledge to declare. In one point alone were th«y poeitiTe and nnanimoua, and that was, the soperi- OTity and m^ adyantages of the Teh-Ion orer the Thlew-ee-oh<*. The former was dcscnbed as beuig a broad and noble stream, decorated on either bank with taU pine and bireh, and flowing in nnintemqrted tranqoillity to its journey's end. .... 'They also aiBrm, agreeing in this respect with the information which had pre- ^oualy been giTen me at Lake Winnipeg, that the distance between the month of the nws was inconsiderable, and oondnded by saying that if the great chief was deter- mined on going to the Thlew-ee-chdL '. . . . "Andwhy,''8aidthey, "should the chief wish to go there ^Hien the Teh-Ion is not only nearer, but affords him so many more adrantages, where he will and musk ox, moose, and reindeer, wood, fish and animals herewith to pass a comfort- able winter f " ' In passing through Clinton-Golden lake. Back stetes that 'east and west it waa indented with deep inlets and bays. One of them to the ririit, presenting a dear horuon. led, as Mawfelly believed, to the Teh-Ion. ' Subsequently sereral Indians ^o had been there, informed me that by making a portage from the eastern extremity of a deep bay, they got to a small lake and from ttenoe by another portage to a large one ; that this discharged itself by a river into the north-east end of a very long but narrow lake> the southern termination of which was about half way between that point and Slave lake. 'To the east they said it was connected by a short line of rapids, with a lake of singular shape, which, by means of a rirer seventeen miles long, communicated with the Teh-Ion at a mean distance from our position of about eighty miles. As to the course of the principal river itself, little seemed to be accurately known, for the In- dUans never penetrate far, perhaps not more than twenty miles, beyond the pan which has just been described. Then it was said to maintain a uniform direction towards the north-east.' These statements, moreover, corroborated the previous opinions given me of the Teh-Ion, whidi was said to flow through a low marshy tract, connected with an es- tuary, opening to the sea by a narrow channel, the shores of which were lined by Es- quimaux. Any indication of the existence of the Teh-Ion or Thelon river on our old maps has been derived from the above Indian descriptions collected by Back. MU JOHN RAI- During the year 1888, when searching for traces of the ill-/ tion. Dr. John Bae added somewhat to our geographical knowl.> kt, and more especially of Quoich river, which he ascended sow, •f being able to cross to the Back river. ' Franklin expeJi- i Chesterfield in- stance in the hope tnWAXT ARD AKDERBOM. Stewart and Anderson, in 1856, retraced much of the ground covered by Back, but beyond the information quoted above, there remained as recently as 18M, an area of over two hundred thousand square miles entirely unknown. IS ■# WAaBUBToir pm. the co^Zv^.f^^A^'' m the barren grounds ceased f No more is known of s^eTgW^" Td r'L'^?^ ^"'^'" '"•'* Back «xty years ago in their short TW Tri^^T/;,^ A *^P^»t'°'^ ?f»t out m search of the former in the fiftiea. stS^ ""^ *""'"*^ "^ '^"«'« •^«' *>" "l^** th« foot of white man has nev^ i«„ Ef^L^^ "*/" ^'""^y ^'■"'^ *^« ^'^"^ "' <^' ia 1890. Pike obtained the foUow- ing information from an Indian, known as 'Pitire the Fool ' iTJ^^tZ^i^ * to the eastward of Clinton-Cold^n lake :" H^^Tdt S'tiLTeS flwt iTClJ i^ TLS Si!f^ ^.^^ "a """" '^''°* ^^*^ ^^ to "^oss a big stream running ' 0«2 L^ I u"^' ^^'T .'^"y^ "'^y travel from Clinton-Golden lake. Onoe when he had pushed cat farther than uaual, he had seen smoke in th« Hi- Sr'j.'Tir'"' "'"'" " *^P ^** *^« Esquimaux fr^i^ HudaTb^td fusUefr 1 lerre who shared the dread which every Yellow Knife has of the coast tribeg h«S «r^ww"*'" ^°"°T '^.^'^' ^""" ^ o-- ob«,rvation^ Pike fSr v^L^ hl^, T"' ""^ ^'"^^ ^'^"^"'y ^''^^' ^-^oomes a wild torrent^fSmnTSend v^tTt £rtlT ^^t' •'°*^ " r*t '"^'«» *"' navigation. «, 'JeStT^e . TK- • K ^ u ' *'*^'''.*'* °'™'^'' ^'°K to the south of th^ stream. ims 18 by far the prettiest part of the country that I saw in the nnrfh .„A s* was looking iu best under the bright sunshine th^ Sn inuTuLtil we r^diS tl^s 2r«s ofTS ''"t'' • ^'T "' 'J^l '''''"^ ^« Bloping bln^SlrtrSlnt shores of the lakes ; berries of many kinds grew in profusion ; the portages wcreXrt and down hill; and caribou were walking the ridges and swiiLning tKJI^ evS dimjtion. A perfect northern fairyland it was. and it seemed UrStolSieve^ winter and want could ever penetrate here.' oeueve lou ■1. t. BUBB TTSRELL. ♦J,o S^"**"" ^'f ^'''^ ?^!^ expression to his query : 'Why has aU exploration in the barren grounds ceased ?' than the work was resumed b/thTGeoS S™ espiore the territory to the north-east of Lake Athabasca. This work was n«rri«H An s^^Taf the^::^.," 1 Canada. 1896. so that without quoting extracts, it wiuVXe to state that the unexplored territory of over two hundred thousand square miles west of Hudson bay^ was m those two years reduced by more than one-hsJf viz. f «m the Talley of the Doobaunt river to the coast of Hudson bay. The coVn ^ l^lng t^ tl rn^^tu^dSttsTet"'"''^^^"^ •" "^' "* '''°" "^-^ thousTnJmllet t CUB JODBNET OUT. w.« tZZV^^''^\^*^''"^. '^^ """P'eted for our expedition, on January 81. 1900 I was joined by my two assistants, C. C. Fairchild, O.LS^, of Simcoe Ont and Arch- ZrMmZ;lT'\'V'^ ^\"'?i''"' ^"*'-» ^'^' •nrwTp^r^'^'ttte S KWil fro'^tre sl p'^l"? '''° ^"^^-^''f ^oj^geurs, named Robert Bear and At Edmonton we were joined by three more of our men Pe«.» Aa,^ --«i, j Pierre French and Harry Monette. expert I^o<,uois^inoZen. "^ '^' '^^' "'' IS We thna far formed a party of eight in all, with as manj On aoconnt of severe weather and recent heayy snow storms, some difficnlty was experienced in securing horse teams for the transport of our outfit to Lac-la-i^iche post, one hundred and eighty miles distant to the northward, at the terminatior. of the tote road. Two men with the dog teams and light sleds, were despatched by themselves, but the rest of our party, accompanied by two horse teams, were unable to get off until' February 16. We reached Lac-la-Biche on the evening of the 2l8t. Here, iu order to provide for the transport of our outfit, three additional dog teams were required, and these were procured for me by Mr. Kennedy, the Hudson Bay Com- pany's lo«sal agent. We were thus provided with five dog teams in all, one being very poor, having just made a journey of five or six hundred miles from the north, and on the 26th we pulled out, heavily loaded from Lac-la-Biche, and journeyed northward by a winding hilly trail through the woods, a distance of two hundred and fifty-five miles, to Fort McMurray at the junctioa of the Clearwater and Athabasca rivers. Thence the course of the latter stream was followed one hundred and seventy-five miles down to Fort Ohippewyan on Lake Athabasca. Oreat difBculty was experienced by the way in procuring food for our many hungry dogs. At one place we were obliged to stop two dogs, whilst an Indian was despatched some distance for the oar- coases of two moose which he had cached. At another the carcass of an unfortunate horse was required to sustain our canine steeds, and at another time a dead ox belong- iiip to the Hudson Bay Co. supplied the pressing demand, but as a rule frozen fish, purchased from the Indians at extortionate prices, furnished their bill of fare. By the time, therefore, that Chippewyan was reached, our dogs were much re- duced and fagged, and a stop of four days was necessary to feed and recruit them, to say nothing of men's blistered feet and snow-blind eyes. One voyageur being required to complete our party, a Chippewyan Indian, known as ' Tonra,' and a splendid specimen of physical manhood, was engaged at this place. Much benefited by the pleasant stop at Chippewyan, where we fell in with many friends, we again moved forward on March 23. Ou the 26th reached Fort Smith, and on ' All Fools Day,' trooped into Fort Resolution, Great Slave lake, hav- ing tramped a distance of six hui. * ed and seventy-six miles from Lac-la-Biche, or eight hundred and fifty-six from Edmonton. Not counting necessary delays, en route, our average daily travel with the dogs from Lac-la-Biche to Resolution amounted to twenty-six miles. At Fort Resolution we were kindly received by Mr. Gaudette, the Hudson Bay Company's officer in charge at the post, and in his storehouse we found our supplies, amounting in weight to over six thousand pounds, which had been shipped the previ- ous summer. Although you had written to the company requesting that our supplies be forwarded by boat up the lake, such request had not be^n vecevied by Mr. Gaudette until too late for the performance of the work, and consequently the task of transport- ing this large amount of stuff now devolved upon us. Three more teams in addition to our own five were with some diflBculty procured for the work. Two specially de- signed long steel shod sleds were constructed, ap in order to provide food for the dogs, en route, a fishery was f stablished part way v 'he lake at White island. Whilst the above preparations were being carried out, the jnow on the lake, which had been deep, was rapidly disappearing before the warm sun and April showers, and by the 10th of the month it was thought that the condition of the lake was about at its best for travel. Accordingly on the morning of the 11th, I despatched a party with light sleds and 8,500 pounds of goods to White island, where they were to deposit three loads, and returning bring back news of the fishery. This news was, unfortunately, not en- couraging;. A few !ar<:e ' ineonnu,' commonly known as ' eonneys ' were caught by the nets, when these became entangled by the disruption of the ice in that locality, (fe were thus dependent for dog food upon what could be carried from Resolution or what ^ M f^\t^*^n ^ ''°^ op b7 the wv. Aooordingl, etet, MwUbk poond of d< A^ ?fl^ r TT^ ««i the krt of ourloSd. «t off S/^STiimd F^^t^ i.^*^ ?!? ~?^^ '"" ''^ l">°d«d to on. tho««dT«J ± or the mort part the ooiuUtian of the lake WM fairiy good fo> iW tanTi^™ ♦« ««^l ^"^ ayailable material had to be manofaotiued into doc ihoea in ordi 0. by a lot oreti^S but S'^'^'C" t^^fl,'' "^ i^ ^ ^ dropped by the way bu^ th« twn W -?!Pj ^ ^"* ^^^ *"»* •Hogether an« no deer could be found. A^d^^TfuXr ti^^rt hv 51*°/'*'""* ^"^V^ '"< tion. for the «.son that the sX^had S diTp^liV™ A ^HH ""^* f *''.' ''T portages quite bare. On the lakes the i™ w«^*^X. * *l>e SWund, leading the i CHARLTON HARBOUR. 16 TU tbow at tk» hubow oo sU aidai. aneptiag womid Fort Baiiano% an bold and rm^, that to tho io«tk-oatt boinc ooiaiioaod cUdtj of ptak gmdta, but qpaxinidlgr wcodod with maaH q;>nioa and a fow Banktian pinoa. It-n^ght bo notad hot* that on FaiiohUd point a few blaok pt^lan wen obearred, the laat aoen on oni ontwaal jonna^. At Piko'a portage, wfaioh waa to be adopted aa the initial point of oar mmr, aa- tronomioal ae well as macnetic obienrationa wen taken with the following naults i— latitnde 62* «* OS-4'' N. I«ngitada 108 44 06 ICagnetio Variation 87 90 & " Dip H. OIu> rOltl BEUASCE. At Old Fort Reliance the magnetic variation waa ascertained to be 87° 16' east. Bade baring found it to be 86* 19' eaat in 1884. Old Fort Reliance is no mon a fort, but a ruin, yet the site is one of the loreliest spots I have erer seen in the north. It was well chosen by Back for the eatabUahmant of hia winter quarters. Five stone chimneys only now remain of what wen 66 yean ago three substantial buildings, the ban ondines of which can now be aoanely traced on the ground. Thoy wen situated on a lorely level green temee about twenty feet abore the harbour, and two hundred feet f ram the shon. The main building whidi contained three of the great chimneys and five open fin places, measured thirty by fifty feet, and was dirided into fire roonu with a finplace in each room. Two smaller buildings, 18 feet square, and situated a little to one side, appear to haye completed the fort Back of the buildings the land rises in regular and beautiful terraces to a oon- aideraUe eleration. These an thinly wooded with young white spmoti trees, between which in many places the ground is oorered with cranberriea and blueberries. Hen and then an to be seen the charred remains of large stumps, indicating the compan- tively recent destruction of the original forest, as well as offering an explanation for the disappearance of the old fort The laigest young trees, which showed 34 or 36 years growth, were from four to six inches in diameter two feet from the ground, and were not of stunted appearance. One of the most striking features of this lovely natural park is the occurrence of numerous broad, winding, well-beaten roadways, leading from nowhere to nowhere. Upon inspection, not a wheel nor even shoe marie can be detected, but only in- numerable tracks of the caribou, occasionally followed by that of a prowling timber wolf. About one of Back's old stone chimneys, an adventurer known as BufFalo Jones built a small log house three or four yean ago. This still remains, being now the property of Messrs. Healopp and Najle, of Fort Resolution, and was occupied by my jMrty for several days. PABRT FALLS. Cloaely aasociated with the history of this place is that of Lockhart river and its many beautiful cataracts, chief among which is Parry falls, depicted by Back as being the most beautiful in the world. Haring read Back's description of them, I had long been looking forward to viewing their marvellous grandeur and beauty, and took oc- casion to read the description to Mr. Fairohild, who undertook a tramp up the Lock- hart in search of deer upon our first arrival. He ascended the river for ten or eleven miles, paasing several npids and falls, but on his return reported that no Parry falls were to be found. Shortly afterwards, accompanied by Messrs. Fairchild and Lofthouae, in making a surrey of the rivw, I renewied the seanh myself, and at the 16 ««JiS- f A- ^'^^ ■ 7"^ h^ntiinl little one-^methin^rdSiribed br B BeiidM Pany f alia, five othera ranging from aix to flftv feet in Iieit,.f^rSr?3. B.„ , „d 6, T..„, rfhr d» „,.„ of „rr,;4^r^ . 8, A«« ; 4, Kipl-w , were also noticed at various points. Bv Mav 19 we hJ nnl , !«. / I three ton. weight, in cache at the north end of KiplingTake The h^, * *^ f u" was still covered by ice, but around the shores and for S fJf-i^ *^^ '**.* inlet, and outlets, open water had alre-df r^etand tS ^as^^^ J^^uT^ofa' Ikhotognpha bed by Back, b« oomct our visit wm ler to obtain bioh at that srbt occur at Mompaaying ookhart will 7-foar miles >8es of naTi- eneration of icting traffic rantageously skhart riTer, Ee Portage' noe or boat he persist- hart Back sterly from aite true. is — eight in travel the foUow- lipling ; S, '. Tis., that to end has -ake Harry wer in ele- h-eastward id yards is in, though discharges e entering lake with sanoes. It the sciies, he water's be fairly portage a lirch trees of about the lakes near the our voya- n "wl> ••«• uA tnMt, f or the io» OMT the adtas of tha opu watw. wm tor some distance trncherous and rotten. Canoes and aleds had to be used alternately m <»Msi ,' the lakes, and mndt otan and difScolty war* often nwMsaiy in makinc ihe .Tansier trom on* conT«yance to the other. From lake to lake, the ground being bare. aU goods had of course to bo portaged on the men's baoks. Many old Indian camps were to be sem along our route, indicating that it is a much frequented way, but up to this time we had seen no deer. Their tracks were, howerer, to be seen everywhere, as weU ss many scattered bones and anUer tl.«, «J^A^-,?^i.' '^u™ *'v'* ^'^^' ^^ '^"'^ »*>»'•• »-d paased us on tlieir way to Artillery lake, whence they were going to hunt deer, and later iu the- season musk oxen. From north end of Kipling 'jdce, a portage of one thousand yards easterly, took us to • pond whidi la separated only by a liorrow neck from Burr lake, the fifth nii^ T^\- ^"»» '•^e is in a straight line not more than twelve mUes distant from Old Tort Kdianoe, with whicL it is connected by a natural pass having a gradual descent to the westward. It does not aflford a favourable canoe route, since it con- tains few lakee of any sue, and too smaU a stream to be of any service, but as a route for a highway, steam, or electric railway it appears to be the most advantageous, and since the elevation of Barr lake is 1,181 feet, the mean gradient from the lower ter- race at Behance would be fifty feet to the mile. At the north end of Burr lake there is situated a nice grov. white spruce tim- ber, containing trees of ten and twelve inches diameter. A photograph of this was fortunately obteined, as it proved to be the last timber of any consequence met with before encnng the ban m lands, excepting some on the west shore of Artilleiy lake near Timber bay. The portege from the north end of Burr lake to Toura lake is three-quarters of a imie long, and may be made either in one or two parts, by avoiding or taking advantage of a httle lake lying to the east of the strai-ht course. The seventh lake of the chain, wluch IS nearly a mile in length, is reached by a very short portage from Toura h3o%. and 18 at im elevation of twelve hundred and eighty-two feet, being at the summit of the divide between Great Slave and ArtiUery lakes. From it a portage of seven hun- dred yards to the eastward takes one to the eighth and last lake, which is less than half a mile m length, and one more down hiU portage of a quarter of a mUe in length lands one at the southern extremity of ArtiUery lake, so named, though but crudely surveyed, by Sir George Back, after some British artiUery men of his narty. In ad- dition to the portage route above described, which was foUowed by our voyageurs. several others were discovered by myself and Mr. Fairohild. and are shown on my ao^ companying maps, but will not require further description. The district is composed of p^nite and dolomitic rocky hills, some of which attain elevations of from nine hundred to one thousand feet above the level of Great Slave lake. The distance from Reliance to the southern extremity of Artillery lake in a ri?'/ ! u°* is about skteen miles. The elevation of Artillery lake is 1,188 feet, or 068 feet above Slave lake, which would make u mean gradient of about forty-two feet per mile. ' ABTILIinT LAKE. Artilleiy lake was reached by our outfit on the Seth of May, more than two weeks after it had been first visited l^ Fairchild and Acres, when eSoring aS 'b^W ^L'H-' T- ^"y**^""- ^^ >f i«« tad been as solid as in winter. ahoS no signs of disruption or decay, whereas now it was rapidly decomposing, f^rai^hat IS known ^ candle-ice. and making much open water along the^o^ AT^^tl side a small grove of scrubby trees a mile and a half uplhe west roretf ^iJ^ observations were taken of latitude and longitude, as indeed h^Wn done a^^I other points, but as the results of both astronomical and magnetic obsenrat^ons ^^ar r It r!Si: J.!r ""^^"S^ ^ •"«»«* "V elironometer to ran down, ud had only to ntnnt « mMt aocnttoUa mawir of freah mott for our party. '"raw ««^T?.*!*SI'****^.** *"*?** '^**' <«" •«<*•* •1«1« ttP the lake, W6 oame Tery near Kh^**' * -non. Moident Althongh the ice wa. .till of oon.«derable tuL^ ^iT^ J's"JL'* "" - ih? ^ P'^*"' *^° *>' »" 'l'^ »>"ke through and wS only aared by the rapport of the lon^ canoea which were huhed on top of the loads. uy the exeroiae of mnoh oare, and the oocaaional uae of canoes, instead of sleds. ,V.t Zl.::S* *» ~f "»• °™' transport oyer the ice until June 8. when roadT- ^^ TTfJ!!^'^ fT "' *™**' "" *^" •"* •''<»«» »' tl" 1^«. " latitude «8« ^u ^; ^ """: ^?" *^'* ^"•*'*' °° *^« 1^6' ^^ ^ "ot only told ua of .S •^;"*«««'" ?^P»n« Pl««f. bnt abo much else of interest in regard to our route hv l-ji %TJ» '^^';f'"»tT The annexed little map is a fac^i^l. of one drawn '^ui '? J Artillery lake and the Thelon river, and is better of the lake than Back's published map. AnJf!'^*i^'^^^ ^'' ^**?*"t'« •""tanoe I had carried on the survey of both shores of the lake, and now though we w-re unable to proceed further with our loads. V^Iffi. •"" *^ ^^ ^«^*' •"** *° «»«»*>«>« our work until we had nearly oom^ pleted the aurvey of the lake, as weU as considerable country to the eastward of it The uncompleted portion at the north end was .finished on my return Uter in the ArtiUery lake liea in a north-eaaterl> and south-westerly direction, and is fifty- r,l\^ A "''t''^ }I «Ten nulos in width at the >. ^t part ^hich is towarda the no/th end. The southerly end terminates in » long narrow bay. less than half a mile in length and the raperfioial area of the lake is about one hundred and ninety square mues. Its shores are bold and high, in some pUces about two hundred feet above the lake, and for the most part they present a bare, desolate appearance, especially on the easterly shore where few trees of any kind can be seen. Such sinall groves as were found are shown on the map, but on th? westerly side, about ten miles from the south end, the shore is quite well timbered with smaU sprnoe. and they continue northerly, although thinly scattered 'or a distance of twenty milea. eight miles farther north than the last grove on ^. ^st shore. There the woods cease entirely and beyond the landscape is indeed a picture of desolatiou, although it produces much grass, mosses and other vegetable life for the support of the numerous bands of canbou which rove its rocky hills. About half way up the lake there is a group of high rocky islands, the largest of which, named ' Crystal island,' lies towarda the east main shore, and appears from Back's map to have been taken by him for a part of it. Ita length is about five miles and its width half a mile. It is composed chiefly— as also the smaUer islands— of dolomitic limestone with some patches of white qu-rta conglomerate, and innumerable white quart* btringers everywhere through the lime- atone. In these stringers in many places we-e found clusters of small clear quartz crystals, and hence the island's name. Some growing timbe: was found on the south end of the island, as well as a laiwe quantity of sta^dir^ charred trees, making the pkce a most desirable campinir ground. Similar rocka to those of Crystal island are found also on the east ahor* opposite, and southerly to a point opposite the head of the Lockhart river, where the formation changes to a coarse-grained red granite. JS^^e^^S^Ba^srsiJMHsan- It /Sir 0ttr ok//V/. ThmionJiiver a^iA to 6e fiinm fbr c^U9oe0, T— 2J l.-i«3^*T ^°» "^'^ *»>• «>»»»» end, which i> preoipitons in pUoe.. «nd attain* » height of two hundred feet, is also compowd of granite and diorite, togethwTwith krge quantitie, of h»matite or«. Dolomitio and granite are found atTxTpokS on the lake, and m some cases contain a considerable amount of iron pyritoT n^JJ'lTK'S^^ "* ^J^*" " *•»" """ "«°1«' "d unbroken, as weU as being nearly m hne with the most direct route across the grand diyideT^ Ihe resources of Artillaiy lake and vicinity, outside of any mineral wealth it may possess, he m lU fisheries, iu furs and meat suppUes. In regard to the fisheriJl ^ll!ztV^-^ ""'^ ^"^^ "^"^^ ^^^ *J"» finest specimens of Uke trout'aa wen «8 whitefish. pike and carp. At one place in about fifteen minutes, with a single spoon hook one of my men pulled out eighteen fine trout, some of which were biWht IVT^l «tn»>K on a pole and photographed by me. Some of these fish were from sixteen to twenty pounds in weight In regard to the fish of Artillery lake. I was told a most astonishing stoiy by the Indian, 'Pierre Fort Smith.' and his companion. Ibey afflm that they have frequently seen fish from twenty to thirty feet long in the water, and described them as being of black colour, with long slender horns or feelers, ihey say that they have never killed one of them— being afraid of them— but that tney are frequently seen in the deep waters when crossing the lake. When I smUed at their story with some expression of doubt, they became very indignant and with one accord stoutly declared every word of it to be true. I offered them 'one hundred skins' if they would capture or kill such a fish for rf^helS "" """^^ "°* '^** **• ^^ "^^^ ^ **"*' *"** *''®y ^^^ **"'* The fur-bearing animals of the district are black Vears. timber wolves, carcajous or wolverines, coloured foxes and ermines, although musk oxen are also found it no gmat distance from Artillery lake, both to the north-east and north-west, carilwa "*"* '"''^'^ **' ^^^ country, which is abundant, is furnished chiefly by the Water fowls are not numerous as the rocky shores and deep water are not such as to provide feed for water fowls, but ptarmigan are quite plentiful on the land where tiiey find abundant varieties of berries which are found everywhere. HEIGHT or hum. During the interval of our encampment in the last woods on the east shore of Artillery lake, advani^^ was taken of the opportunity for making a track survey across country towards ttie height of land, which was thought to be no very great distance to the oostward. On June 11, therefore, accompanied by Mr. Fairehild and three voya- geurs. I proceeded by canoe, north-easterly along the shore through a channel of open water for a distance of twenty miles where a deep land-lockeme difBcnlty in getting tiM oanoe ba^ ^ong th. ^ore. a. the ioe had drifted in tight upon M»ne oi the^aS tlil'^^m^^i ^ ""^ fU the way back to camp acre, the wnntry-. *J^5 about twentyfiTO mJee— in order to explore th- dirtriot «»»»noe oi rnvJ^r^^i ^'^^ '^ T** '^'* "** "'^ and the rock. WW. obMrred to b* granite and gneiM m most place.. nomi^S)!'* '*^" ""^ •'*«'^ on the rock, with a Mrike of north 88* east (astro- Little else of interest was to be noted, beyond the fact that I had a ron«h. tinn ::?e'^ot'u;rrfh« c^.*"' "* "•* '^^ -^'^ "^ ^°- -"^^ "•»« -•^• ««,«^.wr''*^'^ *? proceeding on our journey with the canoes, a nnall 'cache' of L Z T-T^ '""^ "^^^^ "*'^^** f "V"^^ ""^ »« necessary on the Barren lands, suoh trees, from which the branches and bark were then remored, so that the trees misht be Bnooth and a. difficult for careajous to climb as they could be mllde ^ T»J{.- --"^rr"'.** «nay> mentioned, U one of the most troublesome enemies to the 5i* kI^' u""*"- SL" ••""** ™P««iWe to make anything secure from the nJwh M £ls':?ot o'nfv™*"- ^*i« «-»?* «•* »>« '''U destro^fTr ^rry away Td hL^Z as he 18 not only very powerful and cunning, but can climb trees, or swim in the mt TnJ!!„" '"^-fl' *°™!"J«"« «?fn«y. Notwithstanding our carefully built 'cache* .^n^ fiW'l'' **" **'^''?" rj^*' "'* it, so as a last resort, I nailed a lot of^Jwrt strong fish hook, upon the barked trees, and thus left it to take iu chances of s5S entiilffif "^r,."' '^'"'*' '/• '^^ L"''* '** ^''^ °* •»'°" sufficiently. wTload^oir entire outfit into the canoes for the first time, and with some difficulty worked our war •long shore to the north-eastward. At certain prominent poinU whcr^ tS i" Zm s1rng"foruVh';S" ^ '" *" ""'" ^'^"^ "-' »"•' -^"<* was'niw n'o^T:; Howerer, on the morning of the Slst we reached the head of Artillery lake and White Partndge river. This river which is only about ten miles long dischanres the r^^^TowtSTfi ^-^-^"•'V'"' ^"'/ "''^•' -"^ ''" • toul fahTf th[^-tw; ™,^Mfl 2: • V ^ *^ ^'^'' ««Pectively. On the down trip, the two uppor ii f^l o/m fISt '"""*'• ' '^ '^" ^""'" ''"^•^"^ P*"*"*" ""'^ where thS tr.JZl'i^2^ ^1^ "]*'*' *'"'*'. '•''• " ""''''*^- I* " ■'X'nt " miles long, by JZJ^l^ JT ""**, wide excepting at the south end where a deep bay ezton the one : «.„i£!!lifc— " ~»^ected with Clinton-Colden by only a few hundred yaida of cm J^V"- ^ m the «hape of a rapid or f aU-and on entering thi. Utter Idto Z ■» J« ^IsL J ^'^Ju T '?^^ '.*"™*^- ^°' ^^^ """^ «"i Clinton-Oolden laldi fa. ^o^l. „r'f T*"^ '^^'^ r^ ^« '^^'^^ the entrance to a deep bay in the mouth of which, a. marked on the Indian maps made both for Back and my jetf u a smaU island Into W, bay. which extends in a south-easterly direction.^ turned our canoes and paddled a distance of only three and a half milesTwC w^ StoThl'Th V^^'i "^l^S we Wieved. at the commencement of the SiJ «l^i M- T Pfl "/««"»>«<*. »>y Bock- A. it was Saturday evening whenT reached ttus place^ Sunday camp' was pitched, and the next d^ a re^aissan« made to the country to the eastward. c««iiu««B«aw o*S;iS4lj?atvt*t£'^i? °' ""^ "" °--* ^ ** ^ P-i-t the elevat^n bein, prov|ite'^e^^x^.^rd^„f„XiT^^^ '' '^ -'- d«r SJI tr*»^ °*?'*'' ^ ^P*l^ ^'*«' ^^ ^*^ '»«'* •««'' • S^wi"? tree of an, dec^^ption other than a few ground wiUows. Moss and heather forme the only fnd WTOly of the country, and with these we boUed our tea. and did our necessary cook- 5„ ♦i!"l.T*''''i V" '* ^ *'"* ^*' »"** pleasantly m. ranging from 60» to 70' m the shade, and the mosquitos were out in full force. I»«r uil "^'"^ "^ ^ «?°»*'y Y" ""'*='* '«" ^'°''«'' '»«»ht of land portage is a smaU conical bntte bearing south nfark^t^ th."K"ri^ "°***^^ "^^ """ °"' ™"*^'"*'^ ''^ ^'"^ " ' ' '~^°« kl huort or land Lixxa. . ud^^ croMinsr the divide, and within a mile and one-half therefrom, we entered a lake bearing away towards the south-east. This lake was named Lac DeviUe, in fZd" tol°i::'SrhtTinrnS!- '' '- -^ ^'•'""°" »' '^ '-'- "^ -- tw„ iTJl'^r"*^^"*!' '^ extremity it discharges through two short rapids, when r^n^l*^ *T ^^^"^ ■"'*/'"" *""'*^""^ y*'^' respectively are necessary, into a second lake of four feet lower elevation. This lake I have taken the liberty of nam- tag Smart lake, and through the north end of it we passed for a distance of nin^s ^V!!* TV- ■ "°". ' ^^Tm?'' «^t««» >« ♦>»«»«' of the Minister of the Interior. Sifton lake has an elevation of 1,177 feet, and is of veiy irregular form, being composed of four large arms, one extending to the south, two to the north, and one to the east and south-east. Judging from the description this is the second large lake shown on Back's ^ndian map of the route of the Thelon, and such being the case our route lay by way of its eastern arm. Whilst sailing northward into Sifton lake we encountered a gale which drove w ashore «t the focus of the four arms. Thus finding a little leisure time thrust upon OS. Mr. Faiivhild and I, providing ourselves with compasses and field glasses mad* an exploMtoiy trunp of a few miles. The Beaaon had now adraoced to June 27, and SIl^^K^ '^ °"J ^''*".^* ^^ ^^ '"' ^^ ''° ^'^^' -Ithough the .nn dipJS below the homon for a diort time. The hours of night were, thwefore, as suiuwJ hUl-sides with my powerful stereoscopic field glasses, I obser^edaband of musk own feeding a mile or more to the northward. Fifteen of them were counted in aU ^ this was a genuine surprise, since we had not expected to see any of these animak for •ome tune to oome^ They were none the less welcome, for our camp was much m need of f rwh meat, and stimuUted by this knowledge we procured two rifles from camp and set off m one of the canoes with two Indians, on a midnight hunt. The lake ^ad now become quite calm, and the northern sky a glow of lurid light, making the scene a most Michantjng picture, such as can only be seen within the shadow^ the rctio. For three miles our light canoe glided over the glassy surface of the lake in perfect sUence, excepting for the faint ripple of the water against its sides. untU when near the shore there suddenly appeared over the adjoining ridge, the huge black forms of nine musk oxen. Even our breathing was now almost stifled until we were able to gain the shore and conceal ourselves from view behind the steep bank of the lake. After hauling out the canoe upon a sand beach and carefully examining our nfleg, we made the aboent of the bank. There we Uy for some minutes in silent ad- miration within sixty yards of the foremost brute, in order to regain breath and steady our nerves, which being accompUshed, and the two laigest buUs selected, at a given word, we both fired. They were all taken completely by surprise and at once stricken with panic, and yet they had not yet located their source of danger, and knew not which way to flee. Ihe succeeding ten minutes were assuredly most interesting around ' Musk Ox hill ' Although our nfles were of the mont modem and very powerful, one 'soft nose' was by no means sufficient to bring the bulls to earth. We had to spring to our feet, and defend ourselves from the charge of several of the infuriated band, which was. however, soon despatched before our deadly missiles. One of the large bulls killed was found, upon examination to carry six mortnl wounds, nnd three holes through his heart, a 1 of which he had received before falling. Such was found to be the tenacity of these noble beasts. ♦. ^ 'S ^^^*^ ""»''. «>* ^"<* c'w'JJed apon one of my men, and made mat- ters d^idedly lively for a time, was photographed by me before he fell at 1 o'clock, •.m. He had previously been snapped by Mr. Fairehild. as the brute was charging upon him but the light Was not sufficient at that hour for an instantaneous p^ graph, and nothing resulted. I'uvvu- M w1«"J^ "'''''* '""' T*^ vuhont thought of sleep, but we had had a success- ful hunt, and were now well stocked with fresh meat. w„. Sr?!?! *aT'^ °' "'?•'' ?* hill-seventy feet in height-a great cairn of rocks was built, and the geographical position of the spot determined. Its latitude was found to be es* 44' 42". and longitude 108" If 11" The combined length of the south and ea« arm. of Sifton lake by our course was found to be eighteen miles. How far the two northern srms extend. T cannot say, more than that they had water horisons from our points of view n, v-ii'" ^t^^ "" «'"^ ^^ll ■* **"* •'*"' "* " •"""" '"»^ •'«'"♦ »"« "«''e east of Mu(4c S«.« ll;^« A^r, '^rf\^^'^ ♦«** '•''* "I'^'^'Hl. They were the first seen since leaving Artillery l«ke. but were too small to be of much interest. On a small island in the south-eastern arm of the lake we made our second cache ofprovisionB. to be picked up on our return journey. On this occasion, having no !ir: ?u P'7"»"»7r' ™''rK'''r.'^ '" waterproof bags and covered over with stone,, th^ »n1« ,„T, of the littl*^ i.lnnd bring relied upon chiefly for security. On this ?• ill JZ^J ! '^A »«f"'»"',^'l«t5«n '»«" observed-there being a difference of 3 between its two sides not one hundred yards apart. - ^']'«*".81fton hk«, m itieoanioii of small Uk« •ad ttnng oomnts letd u eUb ^e n.ile. to tb. •onth-e.rt, bringing ™ back to theuSe of Smm.n"S hfcJte-!!^?"* T?T*!^ "•* •"**«* P«^ *!««'*»» "ewral tmal •™""«^»w« irregular a&d deeply indented ihoTea. ^^ «d S'nSnS^f^t WT" »'*»>•" »^ -" "««f i~uth and TS,Tr.^J ^ ""u^' **""« •" *^* *^*tance about 60 feet About two-Thirf. ^ Ae^apid may be run by canoe, but the remaining third is too rough and hw to b! cribin^ t! ^*^* °^-^'5 l*"?? "P'**' *•'*' "^" '^'"^« to the north-east, and wifhout des- cribing Its course in detail, continues in that general direction for about 60 mu!^ p««ing througl. four small lakes and into a fifthrwhich has been m^Ld ' LdyTak? ^^L^A '^.' '''"^ "•""k-ble and high white sand hill, to the^o^th of it and^t; white und shore, and bottom. The elevation of Sandy lake is 940 f e^t ite lemih of s^nd ba'rs""'Thr' ^^"^ l"" *" ?\""*- ^"^ ''•^" a« "er-haU^wldM^ of sand bars. The general character of the river thu. far afforded a fine eanol mntT S^Td"; ffJl/'^TTd"/^" "'"'? '" *"•"'' -'^ • -anveloSroTrrorbbr' S t 5 ^^•. "^"f* ^^"^ entering Sandy lake, it turn, sharply towards th« ^To?t?mirX"™s'*'5* fr"L «''«:?!'- t" it" iunction tith [he .Son/ About a mile below Sandy lake, the wildest section of Hnnbury river commences -fe t1 "' ^''^. f""^ •*■*•" the river rushes through a narrow deep chasm The^neT*^ S-*^"" "'"^""v '5'' *'"' ' ''"^'«'«' »*^" twrhundS feet. ' The scenery on this canyon is by far the wildest and grandest met wioT oronr I made on the ngkt or west lide. About one mfle below the canyon another fall of •izty feet ocean. This one I have named Ford falls, and it was passed by making a half mile po rta ge on the right bank. A mtrah shorter portage wonld hare ndBeed had we been aUe to descend the rirer bank when the falls were passed, bat this was not possible on aeeoont of the banka being lu|^ precipitoos walls of sandstone. At the head of the canyon the rock formation was o b s enie d to be gneiss, haTiag a strike nearly doe north (astronomical) and a dip of 76° towards the west Towards the foot of the canyon the formation changes to a soft, ^diite coarae- grained sandstone, into which towards the bed of the stream are many large well- roonded ' pot holes.' With the change of rock formation a well marked change in tlw character of the country and its Tegetatlon was also noted. About the many lakes, forming the head waters of the Hanbury river, the eoontry was of a very barren appearance, with scarcely a growing tree until Lac-du-Bois waa reached. Thence to the canyon, occasional groves of small spruce trees had been met with along the river banks, but below the canyon the country assumed a more verdant appearance. Broad, grassy low lands, affording luxuriant feeding grounds for musk oxen, began to make their appearance, whilst the occurrence of trees became more common. Many new variations of flowering plants were also collected below the canyon for tbe first time. Ten mUes below the canyon, another beautiful fall of 60 feet occurs, and this I have named Helen falls. A portage of 600 yards is necessary here, and a short dis- tance below another fall of t«i feet, and portage of 70 yards complete the list on the Hanbury river. About eight miles more of fine smooth river, took us to the forks or junction with the ' Thelon.' The Hanbury river and upper lakes as a whole, form an excellent canoe route from Clinton-Golden lake across the grand divide and down to ' "^ 'nn -iver. The whole distance across our winding route measured 166 miles, or ..^^ht course between the extreme points determined by astronomical observations, 87 . les. From Fort Reliance to the junction of Hanbury and Thelon rivers, the straight line distance is 160 miles, and by our route, 280 miles. The two extreme points are almost of exactly the same elevation, that of Great Slave lake being 620 feet, and that of the junction of the rivers being 630 feet, as nearly as could be determined from my barometric readings. The intervening couutry is composed of bare rocky hills, and intervening stony low lands and lakes of great variety of form and size. Nothing of a mountainous chnraoter was found in the ' divide ' country, and the greatest elevction to be crossed was the height of land, distant 116 miles from Great Slave lake and 714 feet above it. Between the height of land and the Thelon river there are in all fifteen portagea, aggregating a total length of five and three-quarter miles, the longest one being two miles, the shortest fifty yards, and the average for the whole, 676 yards. Besides these there are between Great Slave lake and the height of land, twelve portages, making an aggregate of six miles, the longest being three and a quarter miles and the 4iortest 100 yardx. The total number ->f portages, therefore, between Great Slave lake and the Thelon river is twenty-seven, i, " 'eir total length eleven and three-quarter miles. In regard to game u. the Hanbury river and headwater lakes, comparatively littk) was met with, excepting about twenty musk oxen and a few broods of young geese. The deer had all preceded us to the northward, only an occasional straggler, which had been unable tj keep up with the herd remaining. fBMLOII RITIB. m iSJotfcfSTJTwKSli' " °" the mornii^ of July 7. .bout mid-uunne ond. The width oT^'tUiS^^JS 1X^1^^.' *?'T °"''IV'«* ^ "* TOlocitjr three and one-third^rZ^„, k ^^ °^ '**™** ^^^ '«»*' "n the forks, ghow a leas depthb^i^a^ w.'?/), I * '?e"««ment« being taken nea Eight miles f arth«r H„»™ *5^ .. *^° ^^^^ts at most paptfc teen dt iTZd^.t'^^lT^^tT "^" ^-' -^-^ * ^-^^^ oi four both banks. *" P*'"'* *®" »'<»*»» 8P™oe trees were plentiful oi -^^^^i"£t^'Z^J^J^ .^annel becomes greatly contracted, anc ed by bluffs of lnL^Z,m £t ffST U^n ^''^''' "^ "^V"* ^"^^^ "l**'^ is observed through which the river t,-!!!? •*?'^°i'?l"^' 'PP^'cb. however, a gai expectations. Th^ 'GaJ' bSng p^'T rivS°"^ '"^^ °?"."P'*'' """^'''y <^ "^^ width, and is confined by low slmd^nt. -^l' "* "?,'* '"'*«'" »«* b«yond ite usual is divided during high watTr.Ty^a ^l^ lo^JITanf wl^t^T ^ ' ^"^ ' ^« "^-^ island.' because of the rank g^wthot^JZ^T^'-J'^''^ ^ '"^^ "^"^ 'Qnwy observed to be feeding. At SZ.f loT^.^^v''* xt upon^hjeh musk oxen we« tirely dry. Soundingi at sevSl nUce^ TJ'!? ?"» ''•**!"» "J*^*! " almost or en- channel, but at othTplacr^In/ia™ were fo„^7? "'^*^^^« f«" <»f water in the more than three feet in depth """^ *** ®™* ''^«" *>>« water was not ridg^':;:ock'2oSt So'*sr:tS'j:;7h^:r''%*^^ •"•^''* --^'^ ««- -^^ ""C?uit;rnV^jnrs3£^^^^^^ SiKirdSii: -"^'p- -"i^c: sisro? w^hSiis OAUE, kC. featut mef S T ^e "o^cui^tclV"'" ^'^ f^'' °"** »' ^^ -"* -^-^ing the Wriant grass o"r sXT™X rivTbZ"" 'Smlr^' "^° i-^"* ''^ photographs of some of these noble bruter but ™;h ^^^"P'* were made to obtain reasons, first, because of the weariness of tl.-^T "°*.^'^ successful, for two weariness of the photographer '"'"°''^' ""'^ "«""»'^' "'e"""'* of the were 'LlXtTlidnnrfi^dt fir^^Z^^^ ^^-^ ^^ -' -'^^' ^^^^ lug buUs which were frequentlJ seen th " ^ITf °i ^"""^'j ^"* '" *^« ""« »* "traggl- approach as closely as prudent and tti Ifi ""«^,?'°'« fearless and allo^n^ ns to occasion, when Mr Fairchild dimb^d the f^.t^'l ''"' ""^^Lwould permit. On one specimen, he had no sooner ,napZ^his^«rr f. *'' "fl".' "* P»'«'t<'^'»P'> a fine charged and followed him toX Unk He Ta' a? onrcl^'^.'r''' '^^. '^' ^™^ i'airchild stepped safely into his canoe nn .W. ^ 7^^ ^^ °"' "fi««- b«t as we passed numbers of musk oxen Sut ^ t.-r?». ^'^^ ^''^^' ^""^ "''«' ^^ ing to photograph them. A nTawT f acf iHeS d t^ 7^ '" T "'^ "**'^\*''"'» *'^- animal seen, with but one exeentJor, J.. » 'egard to tlie musk oxen was that every in the river On onercaTn XnT). °" u"""^ "''" "' ^^'^ ^^''"'' "' °" "'""S they Immediately Zn^ nto The wafeTanTtr" ^^ ""^^ .''"'* "P°" "^ »!««». iraining which they corbes^ntKng^'rrtrXS;:^ ''''"^- "^^^ ST BeaidM the mntk oxen, the Thdon was eridently frequented on both sidea bj greet numben of caribou, an their tracks were everywhere to be seen, though few of the deer wero met with until the lower stretches of the river were reached, their northward migration having preceded us. Many broods of geese were also observed along the low grassy banks of the Thelon. They were of small gray species, with black necks and heads and white bands around the latter. Later in the season great numbers of moulting geese were met with, and thiiy or forty of them knocked over with sticks for supplying our kettles. Ducks and ptarmigan were also met with, though not in great numbers, whilst the spruce woods were enlivened by the songs of singing birds, notably American robins. Bear tracks were twice observed on the banks of the Thelon, and on the return journey Mr. Fairchild was fortunate enough to fall in with and slay Mr. Bruin, after an interesting scrimmage. It was not a black bear, but a small silvery gray, or doubt- less the barren land grizzly, as reported by Sir John Franklin to have been found by him north of Qreat Slave lake. Unfortunately, the interesting hide was lost in a canoe accident the day after it was procured. Upon two occasions moose antlers were found imbedded in the sand of the river bank, and this is an interesting fact, proving the existence of the animals somewhere on the river, possibly higher up, as the antlers might have been carried down by the spring ice. This discovery proves the truth of the report made by the Indians to Sir George Back in 1834, regarding the game on the Thelon, as well as assisting in iden- tifying this river valley as the site of the early and remote but highly-favoured In- dian settlement so well described but vaguely located by Samuel Heame. In support of Heame's story, and my belief that his reference was to the valley of the Thelon, it may be noted that some very old choppings were ooserved, as well as the decayed moss-grown remains of some very old camps, whilst scarcely any recent signs of habitation exist. The wooded, or partially wooded, banks of the Thelon, extend for a distance of about one hundred and seventy miles below the forks of the Hanbury. This distance is not to be understood as a continuous stretch of timber, but over that distance many fine spruce groves, as well as more or less continuous thinly-scattered trees are found. The largest trees measured from twelve to fifteen inches in diameter, but the average diameter would be about six inches. The dimensions of the Thelon are noted from place to place where taken upon the map, but the following may be assumed as approximate averages for the measurements of the river from the confluence of the Hanbury to that of the Doobaunt, a distance of two hundred and twenty-four miles : — Width 250 yards, depth 6 feet, current 3 miles per hour. The depth of channel in most places measured from 10 to 14 feet, but in a few places sand bars were observed where there were not over three feet of water. Over the entire length of the above stretch of river not a single rapid, worthy of the nnme, exists. At several i>oints very swift currents were met with, but nothing too heavy t> run either down or up with our canoes, for in ascending the river — having a strong, fair breeze — we sailed up through the worst places. UEETINO ESKIMOS. About twenty miles below the last woods on the Thelon, some conspicuous land marks, evidently recently erected by natives, were observed on a high point of the main shore as well as on an island opposite to it. Here the river made a sharp bend to the eastward, and upon following it we noticed the whole atmosphere permeated by an abominable stench, the cause of which was soon explained by, the occurrence of the pntrifying carcasses of hundreds of dead deer, strewn thickly alonr' both shores for a mile or more. The cause of this unwonted slaughter was not very apparent, but it prind of their ohoto. » Tt2^ ducorwy that a few of them wete earf«d and c Z hJiTu^^;:^ n?.SLZSt'°*?" that it wM the wo A «f «.ti^ « of the UutuiaLv^J^T^^ ^ «^i^~ ? nude loqidriet m to the can tr-th of ,wch. h«^. f .JScSllT<£St.*^* ^* wu due to the .prin, ice. ^ chief iLo^K ^:fl^oU ^ •'" ^°*^ -'» ^rtr-a^ ^ in a known b^rt^SaTFortS^ .''^.^''^^1^^-''^''' T^'>'^ coming, and after dhSh^ti^^i^^^Z^ tlf''' *•? **"** ^^P'* '»'''"* "^ their photograph, we dmIvS «« j!U?^ of tobacco and ammunition, and takin miles. whe^^8m;inartl ~ach^ n "° ' -v''^'^ *""*••"» «* 'l«°» t^^tyA' tiAen by a seyergai whrch obH^f „. S^Vt^.l^ ^°*° i* ^l^"? ^ddenly ove, which we happily found in the nSrfriirS^,''';! !!""* '^'^ * '""""^ •»''><»'" the surface of the lake wm a sh^ of f olm ' £l ^^^'u "«,'^'»" ^ "I'ore thai h«d come, but continued t"e nexTd^ i^aJZ^Vt ***u P"" " ^"°^ " ^ the limits of the jrrowimr ^mkTri ">«1. **» n«at. Although we were now beyom in which :i £dayc;rs S'drir S'°"*/r'' ^*" ^'^ ««>«»"= modity must soon become searJ^^.!^ /*, ^'^J *^^ knowing such a com baking up a lot of Cr^ wIS^' I? "?^ ""' *"''•"» °* »" «">f<"=ed detention bj ation of our p^ido* ' " " °^*'"'"« " '«' °* observations for the determin wood in 1893. and deem^^g iHnc^Snt tW T^' ''^^"' T '"^ ^"^ "«*» "Jri^ to Hudson bay, oyer TrontLSl >,«!» i T T^i^ ^'^ ***°''^ P«'«*«J '"ther onr party here^^ Sending M? fSJi^ •^"••ly >•« -n^eyed. I decided to divide comple^thesi^r^yTAbeHee^ St a^Trl ^ Archdeacon Loftho^^. to of Chesterfield inlJt, whiUt IshouW ^t^^^^^ fen"^^'*""r^ *'"' "''•"• '"* aSLIV'^ "PPer Part.of the riverlTth^V^l^cotU ""^ "" ^"""'^ to nt FaTrcK--" '"•"""' ' '"^^'''*'' *•»« ^«"--«^ ^trS^on, and handed them INSTRUCTIONS TO C. 0. FAIRCHILD. C.E. 0. 0. Faihchild, O.E., ^^^ 13. 1900. Slave Lake, Chesterfield Inlet Expedition. it seSL'"a?v^;;;fe That w\^^^^^ "* ^ exploratory work we have on hand, your charge that sectl'TourwoA^^^^^^ be di^ded i hereby transfer to at Aberdeen lake to Hudson bay «*'«°'J'°» f«"n the mouth of the Thelon river y.oZZ F«Uf A:i\^nd"Ktlin1 ° Mr'So'"' '°"n T' " ^•'^"«-"' -" - as Hudson bay and assist you Smifroni?! T ''u" ''"" '"'"""Pony ?«« m far leave you at the coasrhut before h« 7ZT ""n "l**". ''"''^ ^^ *i" P'obably «ical record and in^trWente aTweU ra^v'^^.V? ^^'"^ ^""^ ^'^ J*" »»oteorol^ and carefully preserveTeTme foT me ^ "*""' ^"*'"^ "^*"'«" J>« •"'^ l«^ nntirtrcotlusToVof'j^u'r^^^^^^ you wiU endeavour to continn. as possible. * meteorological records with as much regularity For the peif oimuMe of your mnrcu, I commit to your ohuga the foUowing in- •trumenta, tu. 1 dip circle, 1 solar compau with tripod, 1 priimatic cooqwM, 1 mioomater tele- •cope, 1 pair of field glaasea, 1 canoe loff. 1 chronomater, No. 0850, and 1 aneroid. And as I am personally responsible to the 'department' for these instnunents, I re- quest that you take eveiy reasonable care of them. Tour method of surrey will be as follows :— When practicable your distances will bo measured by the canpe log, and your boarings with the prismatic compass. As frequently as possible you will ascertain the magnetic Tariation by means of your solar, and also latitude and time observations by means of the dip circle. With the same instrument, as frequently as practicable, you will also determine the ' dip ' and total force. In Chesterfield inlet where the currents may be too swift or variable to admit of the advantageous use of the log, you will measure your distances by means of the micrometer and discs, which in order that the graduation of the scale may cor- respond to tenths of a mile may be set at a distance of 18-36 feet centres. With a view to solving the problem of navigation, you will as often as time will permit, ascertain the depths of lakes, rivers and the inlet As portions of Aberdeei^ SchulU and Baker lakes were surveyed by me in 1393, and maps of such works are submitted to you her ith, you will devote your attention chiefly to the unsurveyed shores, whilst in the Ohesterfield inlet the whole requires to be surveyed if time per- mits. For the support of your party you will have seven weeka provisions to take you to the bay and back to the Hanbury river or west branch of the Thdon, from which point to Fort Reliance you will have ample supplies in the four caches along our route, the location of which you will know. In addition to the above supplies you will take two rifles and 300 rounds of ammunition, besides two fish nets and hooks for the purpose of providing your camp with fresh meat and fish. It is probable that you may reach Hudson bay by the 25th of this month, and if so you will be able to commence your return journey within a day or two. In any case do not leave the coast later than August 1, as it is necessary that you shall reach Fort Beliance by September 15, in order to meet the steamboat which I have engaged to take you and party to Fort Smith. At Beliance or Besolution you will likely re- ceive official instructions addressed to me. If so, you may open and read them and act in accordance with the same. The cost of transport of our party and outfit, including dogs, to Fort Smith, was agreed upon at ($100), one hundred dollars. Keep of dogs was to be seven skins each and four nets. These, and any other accouuU of our party, you will please certify in my name. I will arrange for the payment of your party at Winnipeg, and in the meantime you will be able to obtain what goods or cash you may require from any of the officers of the Hudson Bay Company. Such of our goods as were left in cache at Resolution and elsewhere, you will please take out with you or ship to my address at Hamilton, depending upon your facilities for transport. You will also be governed in this regard by instructions you may receive from Ottawa. Herewith I inclose a note addressed to the officers of the Hudson Bay Company, instructing them to supply you with what goods or cash you may require and to charge the same to my account. Please have all accounts made out in triplicate and retain one copy for my use in making a final settlement of ac- counts. In regard to your survey of Chesterfield inlet it is desirable that you should as- certain the range of the tides at various dates and localities, also the direction and rates of tidal currents, the depth of water and nature of bottom at places suitable for anchorage, as thefw are questions which a£Fect navi'ration. Requisition for railway tickets for yourself and party will be supplied you at Fdmonton. I have the honour to be, Your obedient servant, J. W. TYRRELL, D.L.8. 1 so lot foUowing ia hit own report : — m. a a rAxaamuifn nronr. . W. Ttbheil, D.L.8., Ac., SUtb Lake, Chesterfield Expedition. OaipnwTAir, NoTmnber 18, 1900. beg S!^t? '^■^otriS'foUot '^^^'"" "^ ^"°' »«'""« <»•*• <" ''^ ". iwo •urrey on the inlet on aS«T^ "^ "' "** "t™™n« completed i „«,' J*** •^«t»<'J»"'»«o° on Chesterfield inlet I fonnd very erratic or variabl ant no doubt ««y difficulty in plotting the survey will be due chlSto UiS, flJt rugT^saa"^^%l^ai??ort'orr^' "^fj '-^ -^^^ in travelling fromXdson bayTl Ct fnd o^B^lr^^^^^ "'SiT.'"' *^^*^' must end as far as the river between SchulL ind B^er laSs is^nc^L"'!^*'^ The south shore of Aberdeen lake we found aenerallv low MnHir .„!i ^*i. * willow, which grows along the whole route traversed excepting o The south shore of Baker lake is also f-jnerallv low and ««nHi, .. *.. - *v ClwMrtdd mfcl ia th, nail chunl ,ao«i«i «™ fathom i, dtcth nt id] »>in., During my return trip I succeeded in killing a bear ThichThlr "^ . species spoken of by Richardson as the barrenTnVgri^. hoteve? iT r^w-'^* ^^t they abound in any numbers, as we saw only rneTi^ert::::'^^^^'^^, I regret exceedingly to have to report that whUe I rejrard tl,o ♦„•„ - i,- ui The plans and field notes, which I transmit to you herewith will «»„ *i. • formation gathered during the trip. nerewith, wiU give you the m- I have the honour to be, Your obedient servant, 0. C. FAIRCHUD. n vrm iBKLoir. « 2°*'^.?^*'"^ "' '"^ ^•' *^' «*'• '"^"« iuUided loffioiently to admit of trarel, Mr. rairohild, with two oanoea and party of five, get off for Hudson bay, whiUt I, with the one ramamuig oanoe and two men retomed up the Thelon, with the intention of exploring the upper part of the river, and possibly getting through to Lake Athabasca, in whidi owe I might be able to oatoh the last Hudson Bay Company steamer going up to the landing, and get out oomewhat earlier than Mr. Fairchild, However this waa all uncertain, aa it was imposible for me to know what I should be able to do in these regards. At ' Ping-a-wa-look's ' camp on our way up stream, I procured the few moccasins they had f "r us, and they were much needed before we got out of the coun- tay. for as my men tru ^ed the canoe up stream, the sharp rocks and stones over which they had to walk, cut through two or three pairs of shoes a day. On July 28, as we were working our way up stream, we overtook a large band of caribou moving southward, and we were highly pleased to meet them, since we were quite out of meat. Several were shot, and » good supply '«f venison taken along with us, to be dried at the earliest opportunity. The weather, which had set in bad about the middle of the month, continued so for two weeks, causing us some delay, and a more unpleasa:.t trip up the river than we vyM otherwise have bad. In passing some of our former camping places, it was observed that the water of the river had fallen about two feet from its level of two weeks previously. On the 28th, wo reached our old camp at the Forks and there remained for a day or two in order to get a rate for my chronometer as well as to dry our meat. These objects having been accomplished on the last day of July, I turned my attention to the upper portion of the Thelon, which waa found from the forks up to be obstructed in several places by shallow rapids. The general trend of this part of the river is southerly, and its banks which are more thinly wooded than farther north are com- paratively low and sandy with grassy flats at some places— particularly towards Eye- berry lake— about fifty miles up. This lake was so named because of the abundance of eye bernes which we louad on its shores and islands. About ten miles above or souUi of Eyeberry lake, a small river fifty yards wide was observed emptying into the Thelon, and south of it the river banks became suddenly much higher, and the river channel more confined and tortuous. Spruce and tamarao groves were also becoming more frequent, though still scanty enough. The average elevation of land was from 60 to 80 feet above the river, which in width varied from 100 to 250 yards, and in depth from two to six feet. Its mean velocity was about three and one-half miles per hour. Flood water marks here aa well as on the lower part of the river were observed as high as thirty feet above ordinary water level. In August it was observed by Fairchild to be three feet higher. At about ninety miles the country again becomes more open and prairie like with low sandy river banks. A few miles further up the banks are composed of coarse gravel, and rise to a ueight of eighty or ninety feet. The rock formation which makes its appearance at several points along the river bankn. was observed to be sandstone, and so on the general character of the river and country continued much the same for a distance of 128 milea, when the stream becomes divided again, and both branches rapid and shallow. At their confluence was also observed the junction of sandstone and granite rocks. It was now August 9, and judging from my progress during the last two weeks, and the prospect of increased difficulties ahead, I came to the conclu- sion that It would be unwise to attempt to push through to Lake Athabasca— a pro- bable distance of 500 miles further by my route. It seemed to me preferable and more strictly in line with your instructions, that I should rather endeavour to explore a second route across the 'Divide' to Artillery lake, and recollecting the small river flowing in from the west at the Sixty mile, T '.cermined to return thus far, ascend it as far as possible and thence cross by the easiest route to Artillery lake. ACIOM OOUKTBT 160 MILU. HtTing decided apon the above plan of action, we eaaily retnnud down itieai to mjr new point of conuneucement, and on the 13tli began to aaoend xuj weat brand lU ooune took me aa nearly aa could be in the direction of Artillery lake, but 1 wa not long to follow it, for by noon of the same day we had reached the head of naTiga tion for ao hearily loaded a canoe as ours. Hot wishing to be thwarU-d in my object I now decided to aenu my two men with the canoe, around by the way we had oonu to Artillery lake, and that I would walk across alone. It seemed that there could be no great difficulty in doing so, for the distance ii a straight line I knew to be only about eighty miles ; the leaaon was still early an( there were now plenty of deer roving over the country. Thus viewing problem, ; sent my men back with the canoe and iU contents, and having seleotea my necessarj outfit for the tramp, bundled it up into a neat pack of about fifty pounds and starte< oft. It did not feel heavy at first, and the weather being fine I made fair progress but as the day wore on, my pack became burdensome and by evening I was quite readj to lay It down and creep into my sleeping bag. This first day's march, which coverec thirteen miles, waa along the course of the stream, over rough hills of gneiss sparing!] wooded for a distance of ten miles only from the Thelon. At a point eight miles dis tant I discovered a beautiful little fall of 60 feet drop, and it was here that the gneisi fonnation was first noted. Its strike was observed to be north 15° east (astronomical! and dip 70' east My first day's marcK took me to the shore of a small lake, which of itself formed no serious obstruction to travel, but may be mentioned as the first link of a chain which was to cause trouble. The lake is about four miles long, but of very irregulai shape. Its east shore is conspicuous because of a high ridge of white sand which has a bearing of south 68 east. Because of the irregularities of the shore and the im- possibility of seeing any great distance ahead, it required a twelve mile tramp to get free from this lake, and that represented my second day's journey. My rations were obtained from the carcass of a deer which I had shot, and some biscuits which I had brought in my pack. On the morning of my third day, only three miles from my ' camp ' I came upon a large lake— to which I have taken the liberty of attaching my own name— since I am sure it has never been, and perhaps never will be, of as much interest to any one else as it proved to me. Ascending the highest convenient hill, I examined the lake as critically as pos- sible with my fine field glasses. Its general bearing lay nearly north-east and south- west. Its southerly shores appeared to be only five or six miles distant ; but its north- erly boundary I could not determine, being apparently limited only by the blue htiy distant hills. Having no boat or timber of any description with which to make a raft, I turned my steps towards the south, as the seemingly easiest way of getting past this obstacle, and for three miles or thereabouts I got along all right. Then I was sud- denly confronted by a large stream forming the outlet of the lake. This I descended for some distance in the hope of finding a ford, but finding none, I stripped myself and waded in, hoping to find some place where I could get my outfit across, but in this T was disappointed, and the water, too, was very cold. I had no alternative but to return and try the north end of the lake, which I did, and, to make a short story of a long weary tramp, over rocky hills and through soft muskegs, ankle deep in water, after three days of coasting it, I reached the north-west angle of Tyrrell lake, and there was no love lost in parting. I had now been five days on my tramp, but out of a distance of sixty-three miles covered, I had only ma3e sixteen miles wes. rly out of a necessary eighty ; and the contemplation of this was anything but encouraging, for I had counted ou reaching Artillery laVe within ten days at the longest. There was, however, no possibility of rejoining my -anoe now, so my only possible course was to push ahead regardless of what time the journey might take, or what new difficulties it might present ~&L Tb* «hafMtor •£ tbe Mvatiy wmtinnwl mnoh tha ubm, tba nraaded bare hills of gnaiM baiag Mpanted bf wet ouulngs, or u eonmoiiljr, HBall lalm ud pood* whi«h ooTtrad • Ui|« {MTotntai* of tha oonntijr md fdnnad a craat impadiaaat to tnTid. Tha moniing of my aixth day aat in with a ohilling north-aaat wind and pelting vain, whioh not ouljr aatnvatad njr dothing, but alao tha moas, to that I oonld make no in. Haring a amall flask of brandy with ma I ref reahed mjvelf widi a little of it ioi water rmd a bisomt, and tramped on, making thirteen miles during the day. Tha night being durk at this season, it was not possible to trarel oontinually, so, wet and shirer- ing as I was, I lay down on the rooks in the pelting rain to try and sleep, but this was not to be, for my bed soon became a puddle of water, and I was uncomfortable indeed. I eameatly longisd for the daylight, so that I might get up and travel, and at length it oame, but still the oold rain came down, so that I oould only wring out my single blanket and start on without brealcf ast. A deer skin which I had carried in addition to my blanket had become ao water-soaked as to be too heavy to carry and was left behind. Fortunately by noon on the seventh day, the clouds broke and let the warm- ing sunlight stream through upon vaa. Thus I was enabled to dry my clothes, and still better, ere long, to make a fire and cook some venison, which was much appre- ciated. At night aa I went into camp (more pn^rly my blanket), I shot a fine fat buck, and cooked aa muoh of it for future use as I could, with the little moss I could find. The 20th of August was my eighth day out, and I had made only thirty-three miles of westing, but now the weather seemed to have cleared, so I pushed on with fresh courage, passing several small lakes and bringing up on the summit of a hill overlooking a larger one. Here, observing the approach of a heavy storm, I proceeded to fortify myself as well aa my blanket and canvas wrapper would admit of, and so fa.rly well weathered out a bad night. But the next day was intolerable. I endeavoured to push on, but so oold and drenching was the rain that I shivered even as I travelled, under my water- soaked burden. Later in the day the weather became so thick, that I was as one walk- ing in the dark— not knowing what was before me— and soon found myself almost entirely surrounded by water. I was now forced to await an improvement in the weather, and so, partaking of a wet biscuit, for I had nothing dry, and a drink of brandy, I lay down on the sand. All night the cold rain came down in torrents, so that I was perfectly saturated with it. As the morning dawned conditions were not improved, for the rain had changed to snow and clothed the landscape in her chilling garment of white. It left me in an extremely uncomfortable condition, to say the least, being withou shelter, fire or cooked food, but the worst seemed to have passed, for at eleven o'clock the next day the sunlight broke forth again and brought me much needed relief. With the clearing weather I found myself to be on a long high point of sand, reaching far out into a lake, from which it would be necessary to retreat and make a detour, but an-rrthing was better than lying shivering in the darkness and rain, so I resumed my tr imp, or track survey as a real pleasure, and hoped for better days, but they were not to come just yet. I took advantage of all the daylight the 22nd could afford me for travel and made a good day, but the next brought a repetition of the storm, a gale from the north-east, with driving rain and sleet — so severe thet I was forced to seek shelter, which to some extent I found on the lee side of a rock. Here I spread my canvas, and wrapping my wet blanket about me, remained for two days until the storm of wind, rain and snow had spent its fury. My biscuits were now all Srone, and the only available stimulant I had at this camp was the remainder of my flask of brandy, of which I gladly availed myself. My condition had become decidedly serious. I had not slept a night since I had left my canoe, and this wretched weather and lack of food was already telling seri- onsly upon me. The barren ground is a most inhospitable place in bad weather, but having exposed nayself to its inhospitality there was only one thing for me to do, and that was to get out again as best I could, and this I was quite resolved to do. T— 3 34 ther^Ct'?^.."'.!?***''^'"""*^*; •^* improTement in the sUt. of the w« mfJ.^„, M I " u"? *•* ^,°^ "y **** ■««»'' "d •t«»«8er alonff under my load- made doubly heayy by its weight of water. « ^^ «y loaa ^r^F^ °?°° *^1.?^° **'^ entirely, when I was able to make a heather fire and oo< n «?""*'"• "^^ ^^^r^ «nuoh. The next morning I f ound a quTr^r o^ ^ UrTl^iZ^J^' TA ""* f "^v "S^^l^-^ I -oin c«ne to tK» of was mosf s^nirK/T'** "* ''^r white sand ridges, and afforded good travel whic Zm^^ tn^^u ^u"^ '""' ^^* """"^ ''°™ °''* moccasins. The country in tl Tncimty of CampbeU lake presented a less rugged and more pleasing appearance th. S^^?.7*. •* "*' *'" V«™ ''^U «l«fi'>«d and deep, althongh it should be noted tS these latter were everywhere to be seen throughout my journey. l.kp .«,n^ «»'« were travelled during the day, chiefly along the shores of Campbe SmJll iAe^f^'i^f JT ."^.^""^ "T '"'.^'^ *« '^«'»" ^'"«y- There wa7but 5m™pJ?ir fTl 'l"* *5*^ T"?"* "'"''' *" "»•' »»* ""ly « administering to m immolate comfort^ but as foreshadowing the end of my diiBoult journey. ArtilwTtT" ^ " w^'"''"^ '''^ ^'"^ "'•'''"^ '"y »«PPly «"°J'« on the shore o Artillery lake, and completed an uncomfortable tramp of 160 miles. REUNION or PABTY. the dlJ^L'T'^^^ ^ hooks had evidenUy done effective work, judging fron the daw marks on the trees, and the broken condition of several of the hooks/ Th pro^sions were found just a. I had left ti»m. and I was noUong in JeTti^ thS yet^irS"* ' SV«/r^/\*»'V«P™« ««»^«- My canoe an?two men Yad^ i:y^ihi'LrS''goS*c:niir '^^ '''•" "^ ""'"' ^^^ ^^^'^ ^- -pp^' k.H t,.rV "' '^^*'^ '*^' '"• "*"' indulged in, since the weather continued ver^ bad, but It gave me an opportunity to overhaul my outfit, repair moccM°ns^ ITS spe<.,men8, Ac. for shipment home. On Septem^r 4 ai^dT I "aH^abW^o ^ plete my ^.finished survey of the north end of Artillery Tak;. and havTi dole Zl ^LIT"a\ "S"''^ °' *^ ^"^^ "'" **" ^•''<=^W' i'^truct^g Wm whew'to meet me, and turned about to proceed to Fort Reliance. KKTURIflKO IlOint. As arrnnged with Mr. Gaudeti, m the sprinir we were nii>t K, \,;^ ,•« i • . Argo at the old fort on the 16th. and the next day werT t^leTL f^T. 'l'« •'^"'" Rwolution and Smith. Unfortunately on the 20th .7 R^Z • i T' '^f"'^ '" ^°/'' mile, from Resolution, we enco«n?e«d a gSe fhth ".^^The ^^ °"'^ '^^fty-fi/* smashincr her wheel, keel and rudder ^'** '*^*"' °" *° *'«' '«*"■ Fortunately no further damage was done, and after effectinir ternn«««, ~ 8 - got her int= Resolution nn Sunday ^oruin^, Sept^mtr fMh^XTEnJtilT Four more days were then spent in repairing the Argo more^bsSJtunw ? Sn^^uirir; '''^' " ^"'' '"'*"• *" ^'•" '''"- "^ -" • mrfS'^w^wi:; shore of At Beiolation I learned with regret that many of our faithful dog* had died dur- ing the mmmer under the tender ( I) care which they had receiyed, but the iurriTing ones were placed in the canoes and taken with us. On the evening of the 80th, when about half way to Fort Smith, we were again doomed to misfortune. This time it was our engine that broke down, and one day was lost in repairing it. Besides, her steaming capacity was seriously affected throu^ the accident, so that it was the evening of October 4 when we reached Smith, and the 10th when with our three canoes we sailed up to Chippewyan. Through our unfor- tc )«t« "teamboat experiences we had lost just ten days on my reckoning, and were conEequ-ntij, ♦oo late by all acoounU to make Athabasca landing by open water. 1 decided, Jierefore, to accept what seemed the inevitable and remain at Ohip- •,>ftwyan wJierc we could obtain supplies and lodgings, until such time as we might be iible to pjooe. d with our dogs. This we did, and through the kindness of Mr. Drever, iJ.. Vr-, o-U-Biche Laok-lk-Kohe to Fort IdeMurmy Fort MeHutTky to Fort Chifi^wyaa. Fort ChippeWyui to Fort Smith Fort Smith to Fort Baitdution. Fort Rcwilutiao to Fort Ri4i»iive FoH RdiMUK tu ArtiUwrjr Uk« Artillery Uke to ^jsfat of lud Height (rf Land toTfiskm river Thdon river to Bevarly Uka. Beverly Uke and river Aberdeen Uke river Scholtskke river Baker lake river Chesterfield inlet ■EdiiiontoB to Hudion bay, via mute. Feec. sao aao 1,1X8 1,234 SW 133 130 iis' "io' Mile*. 180 au 176 lao UB 238 25 90 U5 224 36 Vk 31 28 30 66 a> 130 1,U83 ArrxKoa No. S.— Portacas. urv$p4>r. Place. I lilt portage from Charltou harbour. Mad .. » %d .. .. . 4th .. 1. ISth M » I vth t» H 1 7th .. .. t«th 1 1st portage on Caiba river ■t pnrtaae out of Clinton-Colden lake Arisht of la fright of land portage |«t portage east of height of land nd M II II Portage from Lao-du-Boii lat portag* on Hanbury rivw . ifaodonald fall* lickaon canyon Ford falls iHelen falk 10 mile* below Dickion oanvoa . Dist. firim Uut Port. Mile*. 23 1' «' 6 Mi 3 7 U 40 ,* t 1 Length. Rise or Fall. Side of Rivpr. Tarda. ^7ao 400 100 1.000 1,320 100 700 460 2ao 280 400 lOO 300 400 100 400 goo 400 1,640 880 100 BO 800 3,830 880 BOO 70 R.870 F. 10 F. H R. fifi K.122 R. 2» V. 19 K. 78 R. 13 R. 4 R. 6 R. 8 F. 10 F. 20 F. 1 F. 2 F. 10 F. 30 F. 49 F. 80 F. 7 r. 3 F. 60 F. 218 F. «0 F. 00 F. 10 ao.«so Left Right Left Right L^t Right Left Left Right Left Rifht Left Right Left Total ILSmilet. Appwdix No. 8v— latitodei, Loagitvdet and DadrHtioiu. PlMS. BMolation 11 mile* K of Fooddu-LM. FortReliuoe Pike'i portagrsi, Sta. ^. end i'lvnch lake N. end KipUng take . N. end Buir Uke. .... • ••- P end Artillery Uk«.. Sto. 142 F., Artillenr S. end CnreUl i.l»nd.. Camp in tut \Vood», i Caeba Uke, 8t». 192 . Uke ..'.'.'....'. " irtiiiery'lake!.. ". Clirton-Coldai lake, Sta. 212 " 219 .. 230 " 248 Sifton Uke .. 263 M 268 » 297 .. S14 II 321 .1 324 .. 338 II 362 .1 372 11 437 Fork. 11 44S .. 477 n 491 11 805 II 629 .1 686 •I 640.... Beverly lake .. 648 . 684 . 666 . 881 . 760 . 760 . 766 1 773 . 817 . 809 1 889 Doobaunt river Abe-deen Uke . 19l4. „# Tx «_ ___ 340 F. 400 F Date. 1900. April 2 24 May 8 11 18 II 82 ■I 26 June July iia oi iMobaui. ata.402F.. .. and Thelon rivei»,| 30 2 9 22 24 26 25 26 28 28 1 2 3 8 3 4 4 5 6 .. 7 9 II 9 10 11 II 12 12 II 13 U 14 Auyuat 1 4 4 6 6 7 8 9 July 16 19 11 20 1 M 24 ! 26 I 26 27 28 at I. 31 31 August 4 16 latitude. 61-10-1'' 62-43-20 62-42-02 62-43-44 63-48-06 62-49-29 62-61-39 62-66-13 68-02-03 63-04-10 63-34-04 68-41-48 68-40-13 68-44-42 68-39-lS 68-10-15 68^0-45 63■8^66 68-39-07 63-44-35 68-48^ 63-37 53 63-48-Ul 64-17-40 64-23-09 64-63-31 64-35-36 63-3S-12 63-00-59 62 66^)0 63-33-3S 62-25-14 LoDj tnde. llS-46-30 111-23-07 106-19-17 10M4-56 108-24-43 108-35-31 108-204)6 108-21-52 106-14-08 107 38-10 107-37-46 1W-(KW)6 107-06-46 106-45-03 i0S-S6l36 104-37-45 104-80-34 104-17-46 100-3300 104-34-65 j 104-01-04 \ 87 37 87 41 38 39 38 88 39 35 34-30 , 35-00 , 1 -15. 5 40» 7 Mil 16 00 1, 19 00 B. 81-80, 38 -aoK. 87 -16 .. 37 -15» 87 ■ 30., 41 •80., 38 ■40 .. 3U SO. 88 48 .. 88 4B„ 39 00.. 86- 40 ., 84 -00 .. 80 -00.. 80 -00 ,. 27 -00 ,. 28 -00 ,. 36 •CO „ 31 ao ,. 27 00 .. ao 00.. 16 30 .. 1? 20 .. 4 45 ,. 6 60 W. 1 15 ,. 6- 46 .. 7- BO.. 18- 00 .. 19- 00 K. 81- 80.. S9 AppiXDa No. 4.— ICeteoToIogiol ObMrratioiu neorded upon EiqMdition by Ber. J. Lofthoaie. PUoe. Dkte. ' Fort Beaolntion, O. S. L. 15 milefi N.E. Ft. Remlution. Stoney Inland, (>rt. 81ave Lice i White laUnd ',', I White Iiland, about 60 miln N. of Fort Rnaolution. . 1900. April 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 8. 8. 8. 4. 4. 4. 6. 6 6. fl. 6. 6. 7. 7. 7. 8 8. 8. 3. 9. 9. 10. 10. 10. 11. 11, U. 13. 12. 12. 13. 13. 18. 14. Hour 6.00 a.m. 12.00iiaoD 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 12. 00 noon 6.00p.n.. 6.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 6.00 p.m. P.00a.ii<. i2. 00 noon 6.U0p.m. 0.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 6.00 p.m. 6.00am. 12.01) noon 6.00pm 6.00a.m 12.00 noon 6.00p.m 6.00 a.m. 12.00 noon n. 00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 12.0(1 nonn 6.00 p.m b 00a.m 12. 00 noon 6.00p.m 6.00 a.m 12.00 noon 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 12. 00 noon ('>.0)p.m. 6.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 14.. 12 14. 1 6 16. 1 6 15..l]3 16. 1 6 16..! 16.. 13 16 17 17 17 18 18, 18. 19. 6 12 6 6 12 6 G 19..|13 19. ». .00 noon 00p.m 00 a.m. 00 noon no p. II. 00am. 00 noon 00 p.m. about. Fine, willows in full bud. .Fine, strong breeze. II II Fine. I Fine, slight breeze. 8now falling and mft. iFine. Very stn>ng wind. Regular blizzard. Blizzard still raging as hard i ever, (iaie decreasing. Fine, gale over. Fine. Cloudy, strung wind. ^oudy. Cloudy, lather strong bf«nn. iFine, calm. Fine, strung breeae. Fine. ,CJkMidy, frvah breeae. iFine. iFine, no wind. iFtiM, dight tnowfaU. 4& Amma No. 4.— Meteoroloffioal ObKmUoaB—Oontit.u3d. PUoe. White IsUnd, about 60 milm N. of Fort Keiolution . . . Date. White ijUmd, G. 8. L.. . . Red Rock UUuid 1900. April ao. ao. 21. 21 21. 22. 22. 22. 3S. 24. 24. •M. 25. an. 2S. 26. 26. 26. 27. 27. 27. 28. 28. 28. Hour. 29. 30. 30. so. 12.00 noon 6.90p.iD. 6.00».in. 12. 00 noon 0.00 p. m. 6.011a.m. 12.U0nooD 6.00 p.m. tt 00a.ni. 12. 00 noon 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 6.00 p.m. 6 rOa.m. 12.00 noon 6.00 Pldi. 6.00 a.m 12 00 noon ! 6.00 p.m. I 6.00a.m. jl2.(i0noon I 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 6.00 p.m. 6.00 ».m 12.00 noun i 6.00 p.m. i «.OU».ra. 12 00 noon 6.00 p.m Mean for month Re<1 Rock island, G. S. L . . . " *• . . . . Deer island » Moy Fond du Lac. Glacier island Helai island, G.8.L . . H II Fort Reliance, G.S.l! '."..'. Pika'i iwrtafe . I 6.00a.m ,12.00 noon 6.00 p.m 6 00a.m 12.00 noon 6.00 p.ni. «.a0a.m. 12.00noim H. 00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 12. on noon « 00 p.m. 6. 00 a.m. 12 00 noon K 00 p.m. 6.00a.ni.l 12.00 nnoni 6.00 p. m-i 6.0Ua.m. 12 00 noon 6.00 p.m. 6 00a.m. noOtvva 6.00 p. m. 600 a.m. 12.00 nuon U 00 p.m. Weathw— Notes. 20-21 29 33 29 32 29 38 20 46 29 4S 29-44 29 49 29 40 29 48 29 Bit 29 09 29 60 29 71 29 66 29 fiO 29fiO 29 S6 29 89 29 49 2»'fi6 I 29 66 400 420 eoo S20 380 420 400 300 47 370 300 340 34 U 340 S90 440 34 41 400 »4 34 40 Fine, snow melting fast. Fine. Fine, snow birds afaou* Fine. Fine, summerlike weather. Fine, flies numerous, geese he 2!) 44 29 34 29 31 29 34 29 16 29 06 29 17 29 40 29 70 29 79 30 12 29-84 29 ril 29 72 20 49 211 34 20 27 i34 77 Wet, heavy rain all nisht " mow and drift. Hnow decreasing. Fine. Fine. Wet, snow and sleet. Fine, rewjings 10 ft. above laki ' level. 41 At fMMt No. 4.— Meteorological Obaertations — OonUmui. wenther. la, geeae heivRl nin. iea Dunieroiu. PlAoe. Date. Hour. j 1 i ^ Weather— Note*. 190a • • Pike's portoge M •y 10 . ■ 10.. 16.00 a. in. 29'29 36 a E Wet. rain all night. Mi»ty, rain. 2. 00 noon ri88 400 N.W. It ... „ 10. . 6.00 p. m. 29-46 340 N.K Harry Uke. It French Uke . 16.. , 17.. 8.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 28-67 28-48 French Uke, Pike's pi>rt. route MO 8.E. i< .a. avaava4 H«a»V'* M 11 . , , 17.. 9.00 a.m. 28-47 690 S.E. Fine. 11 II . . , 17.. 12.00 noun 28 49 48 S.W. We t, rain commenced at 9. 30 a. m. II II . . , 17.. 3.00 p. ni. 28-flO 620 S.W. Fine, heavy ithuwera until 3.30 II M . . , 17.. 6.00 p.m. 28-63 500 p.m. Fme, weather cleared. II II . . ■ 18.. 6.00a.m 28-80 370 aw. II II . . , 18.. 9.00 a.ro 28 85 41 8.W. „ II H . . . 18.. 12. on noon 28 86 520 W. „ aummer weather. II » . . . 18.. 3.00 p.m. 28 88 81 S.E. It II . . , 18.. 6.00 |>.m. 28 88 540 8.E. „ „ M . . . 19.. 6.00 H.m. 28 84 400 S. II AcTfts lake . 19.. 9.00 a.m. 28 84 GOO aE. II Kiplmg Uke , 19.. 12.00 noon 28 76 580 E. II II 11 . . , 19.. 3.00 p.m. 28 72 660 aK. Wet, ahoweiy. Heavy thunder for | hour. M II . . . 19.. 6.00 pm. 28 76 51 aE. 11 n , . . 20.. « 00a.m. 28 69 620 aE. M rain from 8 p.m. till mid- night. ft n . , , 20.. 12 00 noon 28 71 600 aE. Very fair. H It . . . ao.. 6.00 p.m. 28 67 6U0 aE. II II II , . . 21.. 9.U0a.m. 28-71 860 E. Thimder and heavy rain during night. Fine. II II . . . 21.. 9.00am. 28 64 500 E. M II . . , 21. 12.00 noon 28-02 680 E. „ » II . . . 21.. 3.00 |).m. 28 B« 660 E. II tl M . . . 21.. 6.00 p.ui. 28 61 480 E. Showery. H 11 . . . 22.. 6.00 a. ni. 28-66 460 E. Rain ne.-trly all night. H M . . . 22.. 9. 00 a.m. 28-67 490 E. Ckiudy. M H , . ■ 22.. 12.00 noon 28 68 540 E. Fine. H It , 22.. 8.00 p.m. 28 68 5»'0 E. II II II . . . 22.. 6.01 p.m. 28 62 51 E. M II . . . 23.. Conikm. 38 To 360 E. Cloudy. II II . 23.. O.aOam. 28-76 360 E. II 1, . 28.. 6.40 a.m. 26 66 E. Burr Uke ■ 23.. 7.43 a.m. 28-70 E. Level of Burr lake. " II , . . as.. 9.00 a.m. 38-73 40-0 N.E. *) II . . . 23.. 13.00 Dixm 28 73 410 N.E. at Ammx Na 4-Meteorologioal OhrnntiooM-ContinuML FlWML Dkte. Bun lake, Rke'» port, nnito. Touim Uke Pike's portage . ArtUleryUke!! Mean for the month. Artilleiy lake. 1900. tUf 23. M 23. n 94. II M. II 34. II 24. „ 24. „ 3S. II 28. „ 25. „ 25. II 25. II 26. II 25. It 2K. „ 28 „ 26. II 26. „ 28. II 26. II 37.. II 27.. It 27.. „ 27.. II 28. „ 28.. •1 28.. Hour 30 . 30.. 30.. 30.. 90.. 30.. 31.. 31.. 31.. 31.. 31.. S.00p.m. 6.00 p. m. 6.00 a.m 9.00 a.ni. 12 OOdood 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 0.00 a.m. 13.00 noun 8.00 PL m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m 8.00a.m 9.M0a.m fl.40a.m. 13.00 noon 13.40 p.m. 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p. m. 6.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 3.00 p. m. 6.00 p.m. 0.00 a.m. 7.1Sa.m. 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 6.00 p.m 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 13.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 9.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 3.00 p.m 6.00 p.m, ""^ag raveni diwoverai June 1.. 1 1. 1. 2. 2. 3.. 2.. 2.. 3.. 3.. 8.. 3.. 8.. 7.00 a.m. 13.00 noun 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. IS.OOnonn 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6 00a.m, 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. Ne- I- • Hea- y rain all night. Hail itorm and thunder. Fin& Fme, very itrong bceeie. II II II II 11 bieeae deorea«in((. „. Lake level. Fme. Cloudy. . Ooudy, bulldog flieeobwrved. Cloudy, alight fall snow and tlee Fine, ptarmigan's eggs found, ooolday. heavy froet during night. 28 76 28-76 28-72 28 72 28-71 28 eo 28 68 38 66 28-62 34-0 N.E. 38-0 N.K 420 N.K, 370 N.R 320 8. 420 a 48-0 s. 470 a 460 a Fine, very strong breeze. Stormy, very heavy gale with snow. „ „ _, »now oeaaed. «.15. iCkrady, strong breese and 2 in. 'snow fall during night. Fme, J in, new ice during night. 4S Amioiz No. 4.r-lCeteoroIogieal ObMrration*— CenlimMii. Flaea. Artillery Uke. . Date. 190a June 4.. 4.. 4.. 4.. 4.. 6.. 6.. 6. 6 6.. 6.. 6.. 6.. 6.. 6.. 7.. 7. 7. 7. 7. 8. 8. 8. 8.. 8 Hciur. 9. 9. 9. 10. 10. 10. 10. U.. 16.. 18.. IB.. 15.. 16.. 16.. 00 •.01. .00 •.m. .00 noon .O0|i.m, .00 p. m. .00 •.m. .00 a. m. .OOnooD 1.00 p.m. i.00p,iii. .00 a.in, .00 >.in. .00 noon .00 p.m, .00 p.ni, .00 •.m. .00 a. m. .00 noon .00 p. m. .00 p. m. '00 a.m. '00 a.m. .00 noon .00 p.m. .00 p.m. .00 a.m. .00 noon .00 p.m. .00 p. m. .00a.m. .00 noon .0 p.m. .00 p.m. .00 a.m. 6 9 12 3 6 6 9 13 S 6 6 9 12 S 6 6 9 13 S « 7 9 12 8 6 7 13 3 « 6. 12. 3 6. 6. 9.0Ua.m. 13.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.U0a.m. 12.00 noon 3.00 p. m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 13. 00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 11.. U.. 11.. 11.. 12.. 12.. 13.. 12.. 12.. 13.. 13.. 13.. 13.. 13.. 14.. 14.. 14.. 14.. 3.00 p.m. 14.. 6.00 p.m. 6.00a.ni. 9 00 a.m. 12. 00 noon 3.00 p. m. 6.00 pwm. 6.00 a.m. 'W.. 16.. 13.00 nonn S. 00 p.m. 28 28 28 38 41 430 BOO 63-0 680 BB-0 460 460 46-0 4-0 430 400 420 430 440 460 430 430 600 64-0 68-0 460 64-0 630 640 64 480 640 660 650 BOO 62-0 630 64-0 460 680 63 64 680 640 600 61-0 66 66 I 36 I 43 [ 49-0 630 52 480 680 66 700 66 620 640 61 sso 68-0 160 44-0 63-0 .1 8. a s. a. 8. N.B. N.E. N.K. N.K. N.E. N.K. N.E. N.K. N.E. N.E. 8.E. &E. 8.E. &E. &E. 8. 8. 8.E. S.E. S.E. &E. aE. S.E. S.E. 8.E N. N. N. 8. 8. N.W. N.W. N.W. 8.W. 8.W. 8.W. S.W. N.W. N. N. 8.W. &W. 8.W. 8.W. H.W. 8.W. 8.W. aw. aw. aw. 8.W. aw. aw. N.W. N.W. N.W. Weatho^NotM. Fine. I enrie'i egfi found. Doll, poomy weather. Oloomy, digfat rain. Rain (tarted 6.30 a.m. 8howen. Cloudy. drizaling ihowen. II II II clearing. Fine, breece decreating. Paaring oloudn. Fine, Mowers all night. .1 few moaquitoe. Cloudy. Cloudy. poob f roaen over in night. M i in. new ice during night, and f roet. fliee bad. I Bttong breeze, threatening. •lif^ht mowfall during night Calm. Fine. Rain. 8bowan, pawing ihowrr dur- ing a.m. Fine. Showers and ninfaow. Fine. I " Heavy shower*. iThunder showers. II II Fim, heavy thunder storm dur- ing night. Slight snow florfMa in maming. Ffie. «l* Wo. 4— MeteoMlogiMd ObMrrttioiM— CmMmimK CMb* CubkUke. WMtbo^Notcs. hotd*y. raading* at Uke level taading* at ounp. Fine. fmh gale. 8li|tht rain. Wet, moderate gale. Fine, moderate ^e. " II Wet, wind inoderating. Fine, bead of firat rapids. foot of aeeond rapid*. huul of aecmd rapida. foof- of third rapida. head uf third rapida. freih gale. Fine, heavy ■howers dur. nighl Wet, atrong breeze all night. Fine. Hanbory river TKmber rapida, Hanbiity R Haabnry river 4S Na 4j— IbtaoTolociotl ObMmtiMU— CmMmimL Piaoe. Hanbniy rirer. Maodonald UUt, Hanbury r.. M II . . Hd. DickKHi oanyoD, Han. r. C II II 11 Hanbory river M Helen falls, Haobuiy river. . Hanbury nver Camp July 7th, Thelon river. Thelon Date. July 1900. 2. a. 8. 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. B. 8. 5. S 6. 6. 6 6. 6. 7. 7. 7 7. 8. 8. 8. 8. ». ». 9. 9. 9. 10. 10. 10. 10 10. 11. U. 11. 11. 11. 12. 12. 12. 12. 13. 13. 13. 1^. Hour. Month of Doobaunt river— Thetm river 13. 14. 14. 14. 14. 15 15. in. 15. 16. 16. 6.00 p.m. 9.00 a.m. i2. 00 noon 6,00 p. m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m 12.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 6.00 p. m. 6.00 a.m. 9. 00 a.m. 12.00 noon .1 8.00 p.m .; 6.00 p.m .{ 9.n0a.m. .12.00 noun .1 8.00 p.ui. j 6.00 p.m. .| 9.00a.m. 12.00 noon 8.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00a.m. 112 00 noon I 3.00 p^m. ' 6.00 p.m. 6 00a.m. 9.00a.m 12.00 noon 3.00 p^m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12. 00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. fl. 00 a.m. 12.00 noon 3.00 p.m. fl.00p.ni 9.00 a.m. 12.00 I 3.00 I 8.00 .1 9.00 ,12.00 30O 600 j 6.00 9.00 noon p.m. p.m.| a.m.> noon! p.m. pm-, a.m.| a.m. S.E. W. w. w. w. w. w. w. w. w. w. w. w. N. N. N. N. N. K E. 8. 8. 8.W. S.W. 8.W. 8.W. Calni,maequito* very numeroo*. Fine. Weather— Ntite*. S.E. N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E. N.K. N.R \V. W. w. w. w. w. N.W. N.W. N.W. W. W. 8. N. N. N. N. N. N. N.W. N.W. N.W. N.W. 8.W. 8.W. Calm. Calm. Fine, fre«h breeze. II 8tmng breere. II II II Fine, breeze moderating. I slight breeze. Fine, sudden strong breeze at 2 p.i!n. Fine, moderate gale. II light rain during night, moderate gale. Fine, uuiderate gale. gale decreasing, strong breeze. Wet 16. .jU.OOnooal 2910 > 480 I N.W. Fine, fresh gale blowing. *9 AmDnw No. 4.-lfat«»ok)gicd ObmmtiimB-OoHiktmi. Fhea. DMe. tbakn rivar . . M . . . n , . . Aberdeen Ukn. Seholti Uke Thelon river ! ! Head of r»pid, Theion river! Foot of rapid, „ Mouth of Thelon river _ , 1 Baker Uke 1900 Joir 16.. •• !«.. .. 17.. .. 17.. .. 17.. .. 18.. ,. 18.. .. 18.. i. 19.. .. 19.. , 19.. . 19. . 19., , ao.. , ao , 20 , 20 , 20. 21. 21. 21 21. 21. 2-'. 22. 23. Hour, River into Chentnrfitiui inlet! ^ Chesterfield inlet Qiiiji'h river, Ch«it*Tfi'd iiilet Chenterfield inlet Promise point, Che«terg'd inlet •t (I Father Hope point f atner Hope point . . Chmterfield inlet „ 23. ., 23. „ 23. M 23. „ 23. „ 23. „ 24. 24. 24. 21. 24. 25. 25. Zi. 25 25.! 2«. . 26.. 2H.. 26.. 27.. 27.. 27. 27.. 28.. 28.. 28.. 28. 28. 29. 29. 29. 30. 30. 30. 30. SO. I S.00u.ni. 6 00p.in. ! 6.00a.in. 12.00 Donn 9 00p.ni. 6.00a.ni. , 9.00a.m. 6.00 p.m. i 6.00a.m. 9.00 a.m. IS.OOnoon S.00p.m. 6.00 |i.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m.: 12.00 noun: S.OOp.m.1 6.00 p.m. I 6.00 a.m.' 9 00a.(u. 12. 00 noon 3.00 p.m! 6.00p.m.| 12. 00 noun « 0(»p.m.i <).00a.m 9.00 a.m.' 12.00 noon 3.0i;p.m.i 6.00 p. m.^ oOO 500 420 44 400 460 I 56 I 50-0 I ' 52-0 I 52-0 I [Fin«, heavy gatf^ 'I irale deoreaaing. " Jtnmgr bweat. Bhowen. Showen, heavy hoar froat tl morning. Shower*. " moderate gal*, rine. Kale decreaaing. heavy gal& gale over, freah breeie. Calm. strong gale. jFine, heavy rain during nighl gale decreasing. Fine. " S.15a.m 6.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 3 00i..m. •i. 00 p.m. ! H 00a.m. : 9.00a.m. j 12. 00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 9.00 a.m. 12 00 noon 3 00p.m. i «.00p.ni. 9.00 a.m. la.OOnoonI 3.00 p.m. I 6.00p.ui.j 8.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m.' IS.OOnoon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 12.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 0.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12. 00 noon 3.00 p^m. 6.00 p.m. I W. N.W. N. W. IN. W. 'S.Vf. N. W. N. W n! Fine. Fine, fresh breeze. Fine, showers during mominff. Fine. ^ Fine, showery during ight. Fine, strong breeie. 47 Avmna No. 4— liHwrolofiod ObMiTati.m . 6.00a.m ».«Oa.m . 13.U>nuon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. ».llOa.in. 13.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00a.ni. 12.00 noon 3.00 p.m 0.00 p.m. 9.00a.m 12.00 noon S.OOpim. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 9.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12. 00 noon S.OOpim. B.nOp.m. 9.fl0a.m. ri.UOniion 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6 00a.m. , 9.00a.m. jl2.00noon ; 3.00 p.m. i 6.00 p.m. 6.00a.m. I 9.00a.m. jl2.00noon ! 3.0Up.m. I 6.00 p.m. i 6 00a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12. 00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. j 29 44 Wfil Weather— Notca. N.W.irine. N.W. N.W. N.W, N.W, IN.W. Fine. E. I Heavy breeze and rain. 8.K. Heavy (m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. i2.80Bo«TB 3. no ft. m. 6.00 |Km. 6.00 a.a. 9 nOa.in. 18. 00 nana S.OO p. m. 640 680 660 480 800 67-0 6S0 6t0 R80 630 640 660 BOO 360 N.W N.W. N.W. N.W. N.E N.K N.E. N.E. 8.K. N.W. N.W. N.W. N.W, N.K. ■troDg heafjr rain dnria night. Fine. blaok ourraata found. 89-89 89 38 39 94 99 80 89 14 39 19 39 30 39 10 39 18 39 l« 39 10 S9-W 99 09 8S'99 88 94 88 99 98-98 89 60 330 40 880 380 sno 88 460 43 420 330 400 «l'0 480 48-0 360 880 S80 360 N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E. N. N. N. N. N. R. E. n. E. E. K. B. N.B N.B Wet. Fine. H«avy bliuukid, aJeet, enow and rain. Snowing hard. Wot, strong gala. Fine, gale dej-^inr . , , . „ water rina about 8 feet. gsoW flllfriML gaOnehoiran. Rain and aaow muiMa. Fine jpoooii coveted with heavy gaw* » Vo. 4— IfeteoTologioal ObMrration*— CoitfJmMA Fbee. Tbdon rirtt. Fork* ounp, TheVn river., Hanbury nrer D»t«. Aug. Mem for Month. HMibary rircr 8if ton uiir. . . ' Sept Musk 0> hiU, Bitton bkc iHmwtUkr.. . iHciffhtofUMl. 1900. 34. 25. as. ». as. X. » 96. as. ». ». 87. 71. v.. v.. 37.. 9B . 38.. 38.. 38.. 38.. 39.. 39.. 39.. 39.. 39.. 80.. SO.. 30.. 10.. ao.. SI.. 81.. SI.. 81.. 81.. Hour. lainton-Ciddeo laks. . •baUke.. abnriTtr. IrtilUrrlUn. 6.0(1 p.111. « 00a.m. 9.00 a.in. 13.00 noon 8.00 p. m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a. m. 9.00 a.m. 13.00 anon 8.00 p.m. 6.00 p. m. 6.00a.m 8.00 a.m 13.00 aooi 8.00 p.m. 6.00 pwm. 6.00a.m 9.00 a.m 13.00 noun 8.00 p.m. 6 00 p.m. 6.00 a.m 9.00a.m 13.00 Booi 8.00 p.m. 6.00 p^m. 6.00 a,m. 9.00 a.m. 13.00 noon 8.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 13. 00 noon 3.00 p. m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 » in 9.00 a. m 13.00 noon S. 00 p.m. 6 00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9 00 a.m. 13.00 noon 8.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 13. 00 noun 3.00 p.m (.00 p.m. (.COa.m. 9.00 a.m 13.00 noon 800 p.m. 6.00 p.ro. ! 6.00 a.m. 9. 00 a.m. IS.OOnooa 8.00 p.m. (.09p,BL 6.00 a.m. 340 830 380 430 48-0 460 400 460 40 44 41 800 440 48-0 46-0 440 40-0 46-0 06-0 540 WO 40-0 430 400 44-0 480 WO 430 450 440 460 460 64 560 660 S40 > N.E. N.W. N.W. N.W. W. w. S.W. aw. N.W. N.W. N.W. E. E. B. & & 8. B. 8. 8. &E. N.W. N. N. N. E. N.E. IN.E. iN.E. N.E. N.E. R.K &R. aE. &E. acL Weatbar-Notea. Stormy niiciit. Fine^ound eovwed with Fine. poob ooTend with ioe. 48 96 44 n 44 460 460 48 MO 360 46 430 40 800 880 330 84 880 830 860 440 430 480 88 480 460 BOO 480 400 Wet Fiw. f mh gale. W. N.W. N.W. W. W. N.W. N.W. N.W. N.W. N.W. N.E. N.E. N.F^ N.W. N.W. W. N.W. W. aw. aw. aK H.U. aK. as. ac. N.E. Fine. Hnow flurriei. Fine. Snow flurriea. Fine. ioe on all the imois. i4ion|F gale. so Ammx Ha 4.— MBteorokgiodl OhuunHanar-Contimutd. rmd da iM, QcHftv* lik*. 51 Amna No. 4— Ueteorolociod Obwrration*— ConlimMdL Date. anatSkTalake. Stoney Idud, Ot. 8k*e Uke OrMtSUvalake I Ft. Banlutiaa. Ot. Skva Ulw BUvB riy«f . . MaufartiManath. uno. 8q>t. lt» . 18 > U . ». . 1». r 19. > u, p 19. > 10. SO. I 10. I M. > 10. ». n. n n 91. a. s. a. a. M. 9*. 94. 9t. 2t. a. a. a. a. a. a. a. a. a. a. 97. 97. xr. tr. 97. a. a. a. Hour. a. a. a., a.. a. M.. 3B.. a., a., a . 19.00 noon 8.00 Ik m. •.00 p.m. • 00 •.m. 9.00 •.m. U.OOnooa S.OOpLm. •.O0ii.m. 8.00 a. m 9.00 a.ia 19.00 Booi. S.00p.m. 8.00 P.ID. •.00a.in 9.00 a.ni 19.00 nooi. 3.00 p. m. •.00 p. m 8. 00 a.m. 9 00 a.m. 19.00 nooL 3.00 p. m. 8.00 p.m. •.00 a.m. 9.00 i^m. li.Wnooa S.Wp.m. •.00 p.m. •.00am. 9.00 a.m. U.OOnooa S.WpLm. •.00 p. m. • .00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. U.Mdooii •.00 p.m. • .00 p. m. A.00k.m. 9.00 a.m. 19.00 noon 3.00 p. m. 8.00 p,m. • .flOa.m. 9 Wa.m. 19. 00 noon 3.00 p.m 8.00 p.m 8.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 19.00 BOOQ 9.00 p. m. •.00 p.m. • .00a.m. I 9.00a.m. U.OOaooB 9.Mp.m. • OOp^m. • .00 a.m. 9.66 a.m. 19.00 MOB S.Mp.m. •.Mp.m. » a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 3» a a 08 01 01 01 a 78 74 74 7» a 84 a u a a a a a a 44 a 87 79 74 77 89 ts 78 74 79 79 71 a M W a OS 94 89 74 81 a a a a a 18 a 84 41 a a •4 n •4 a 66 71 aa 4B51 wo uo MO a-o MO ao eo-o MO wo M-O ao MO wo «0 ao MO MO MO ao 470 wo 47 440 310 490 WO 44-0 370 a-o ao 480 wo 470 ao ao ao ao 87 a 480 wo MO wo 490 440 430 460 44-0 44 480 WO 400 ao ao 40 40 ao ao 840 430 ao ao ao i N.I. N.E. N.K. &E. 8. &W. aw. aw. aw. aw. aw. Weathtr-Notaa. w. N.W. N.W. N.W. N.W. N.W. aK. aK ax. as. aK. as. ai. N.W. N. N.W. E. E. E. E. K. ax. a a 8. a a a a a a N.W. N.W. N.W. N.W. N.W. aK. aE. K. E. E. N.E. N.K. N.K. N.K. N.E. N.W. N.W. N.W, N.W, N.W. Fine. baaTTRalai gala dHnwaainf. ■lichtfaUofi Snow during dajr. Pofdi froaan orarduriBt nifht. Fina. Snowflnrriaa. Fina. Haavy H Fina. 5S Ifa 4/— Mitwidogiod Ota«r»*ti«n»-C»««iMt^ PUra. Date. •ve nvar. 190a Oat Honr. ftall rivM, SUve rivw. Skve ri»er Fort Smith, SUve rivt>r . n ** ,1 II Portage I* ip|iewy»n, L. AthabMoa 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. S. 3. 1. a. s. 8. s.. 3 . s.. 4.. 4.. 4.. 4.. 4.. 5. 5. 5. S. 6. 6. 6. «. 6. 7 7. 7.. 7. 7.. 8 <.. i Weathar-MotM. 8.. 8.. ».. 9. 9.. 9.. 9.. 10 . 10 . 10.. 10.. 10.. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11 13 13. 13. 13. 13. 13. IS. IS. IS. u. 14. 6.00 a.m 9.00 a.m 13.00 noon S.00p.m. 6.00 p. m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 18.00 nooD S.00p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.ra 9.00 a.m 13.000001 S.00p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 13.00 HOOD 8.00 pm. 6.00 pm. 6.00 a.m 9.00 a.m. 13.00 Boon 8.00 pm. 6.00 pm. 6.00 a.m. 900 a.m. 13.00 nooo 6.00 pm. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 3.00 pm. 6.00 pni. 6.00 a.m 9.00 a.m 13.00 nuun 8.00 pm. 6.00 pm. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 13.00 Duon 3.00pm. 6.00 pm. iO. 00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 13. 00 noon 8.00 p.m. 6 00pm. 6.00a.m 9.00a.m 19. 00 noon S.OO pm, 6.00 pm.l 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12. 00 noon S.OOpm. 6.00 pm. 9.00 a.m. U.OOdoob S.OOpm. 6.09 pm. O.tOxB a»-74 29-76 29-79 39-79 29-79 39-61 39-61 S9-W 89-66 SO-M 39-68 39 61 39-66 39-66 39-66 29-66 39-89 39-66 39-4» 3»-46 39-19 89-18 89-16 39-14 39-14 39' U 89-10 8011 39-14 39-34 89-33 89 33 29-30 39-18 29 09 29-10 38 74 98-67 88-72 28-72 28-72 28-74 38 80 28 94 28 94 28 88 28-74 2874 28 57 28 «8 28 68 28 64 28-60 88-78 38-78 38-76 8B-n 38-78 88-98 8904 3908 8109 9*09 89 14 30-0 360 40-0 36-0 38-0 870 33-0 86-0 40-0 40-0 380 40-0 44-0 44-0 S70 400 38-0 44-0 44-0 400 8U-0 40-0 43-0 40-0 34-0 860 80-0 40-0 86-0 800 86-0 36-0 36-0 34-0 300 360 4t-0 44-0 43-0 44-0 480 680 SO-0 480 400 430 46-0 46 420 88 420 44-0 44 480 33-0 360 360 330 300 840 940 29 %i 37 380 N.E. E. E. B. E. S.W 8.W 8.W S.W. aw. H.W. 8.W. s. a. s. S.B. 8.K B.E. S.E. S.E. as. S.E. 8.E. Snow itill falling. Fine. Fine, at 4 a.ni. t«np waa W. Fine. S.E. a a a 8. a a a a a a a a a a a N.W. N.W N.W N.W. a s. a a a a a N.W. N.W. N.E. N.E. N.R N. N. N. N. N.W. N.W, N.W, as. Fine. Fine. Vine. Rain. Fine. Fine. DaU. Oround ooverad with k Fine. all pofi^ fraaai over is Na i<--)faf orolociMl QHmmHoDB—CiUimuti. FlaoiL Date. Ft Ohippawyaii,L. AthalMwaklOat. 1900. 14. 1«. 14. 14. 15. 16. 16. 16. 16. 16. 1«. 16. 16. 16. 17. 17. 17. 17. 17. 18. 18. 18. 18. 18. 19. 19. 19. 19. 19. 90. 90. 90. 90. 90. 91. 91. 21 91. 91. 99 99. 99. 99. 99. 93. 29. 9S. 99. B. 94 94. 94. 94. 94. 96. 96. 96. 96. 96. S8. 99.. 96 96.. 99.. 97. Hoor. 9.00 ».„ 19.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6. 00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noOB 3.00 p. n. 6.00 p^m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 19.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 19.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.aOa.m. 9.00 a.m. 12 00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p. m. 6.00 a.m. 9 00 a.m. 12.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p. m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 19.00 Doon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p,m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.n. 12.00 noon 3.00 pim 6.00 p.m. 6.00a.m 9.00 a.m 19.00 noon S.OOp^m. O.OOp^m. 6.00 a.m. 9 00a.m. 19.00 nooo 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 9.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 19.00 noon 3. 00 p.m 6.00p.m 6.00 a.B 6.00 a.m 19.00 BOM 9.00p.m 6.00p.m 6.a0a.m 9.00 a.m 19.00 BOM 3.00 p,a, 6.00 P.B. 6.00 a,n 99 14 28 •17 2t •19 29 '24 29 •97 29 •24 2S 16 29 ■04 28 96 28 78 28 '78 28 80 28 82 28 -86 28 -16 29 16 29 16 29 10 90 04 28 64 28 60 28 M 98 44 28 34 28 00 28 06 28 06 28 10 28 U 28 40 28 42 28 42 28 42 98 40 28 47 28 SO 28 69 28 62 28 06 28 86 28 87 28 94 28 02 29 17 29 16 29 17 2U IS 29 07 29 07 38 77 38 77 98 72 98 70 98 67 98 63 99 63 98 69 96 to 98 64 8H 74 99 76 96 78 96 64 99 88 99' 06 t Weathof^Notac 980 S.K 36-0 aw. 360 8.W. 300 aw. 30-0 a 360 a 40 i a 400 a 400 a 42-0 aw. 46-0 aw. flSO aw. ao-0 w. 460 w. 92-0 w. 870 w. 41-0 N.R. 400 N.K 42-0 N.E. 43-0 an 430 aK. 480 N.K. 47-0 N.R 440 N.K. 49-0 aw. 46-0 aw. 49-0 w. 48-0 w. 460 w. 400 w. lao w. 88-0 w. 800 w. 440 w. 36-0 w. 960 w. 400 w. 380 w. 34-0 N. 260 N. 260 N.W. 27 N.W. 980 N.W. 24 N.W. 900 N.W. 240 N.W. 960 N.W. 94 a 920 a 980 aw. 300 aw. 38-0 8.W. 400 aw. 340 aw. 890 a 360 a 480 a 400 a 360 a 3S0 .H. 360 a 400 a 430 w. 980 w. 990 a Fina. rain during night. n heavy imin in early mom. Hail. Rain, heavy tfannder ftligfatning. Fine. Light fall o( Fine. 64 Anmux Vo. 4.— Ibtwiokgioal ObamTBtioiia— OonltmiW. Ffaaa. Date. 190a rt.Chi|>|)ew7Ui,L. Atbafauoi Oct Hour. •i 1 Meanformanth. Ft Chip|M)wy>n,L. AthabaM* 87, 27, 87 87 88.. 88.. 38.. 30 30 30 30 30 SI.. 31.. 31.. 81.. 81.. «.00a.v 18. 00 noon 3.00 piin. 6.00 pim 6.00a,in 9.00 a. m 18.00 noon 3.00 p.m. O.OOpim. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m 13.00 noM 3.00 p,m 6.00 p.m 0.00a.m 9.00 a.m 18.00 aomi 3.00p.m 6.00p.m 6.00a.m 9.00a.m 12.00 nooo 3.00 p,m. 6.00 p^m. Nov. i|< 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 8. 8. 3. 2. 2.. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. fi: 8. 6. B,. 6.. 6.. 6.. 6.. 6., 6.. 7. 7. 7. 7 7. 8. 8, 29'U 89-11 8906 2904 38-88 88-78 28-76 88-80 38-86 88-90 38 98 38-88 8902 28-97 28-98 88-94 88-90 38-90 38-92 88-96 88 96 88-96 88-02 6.n0a.m 9.00 a.m 12.00no(n 3.00 p^m 6.00 p.m 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 13 OOmnn 3.00p,m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00B.m. 12.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m 6.00 a.m 12.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 113.00 nooo 3.00 p. m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 13.00 noon 3.00 p.ro, 6.00 p. m, 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. I li.UOnoon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p. ra. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 82-0 420 40-0 88-0 36-0 48-0 46-0 480 38-0 38-0 340 34-0 340 880 300 34-0 88'0 88-0 36-0 870 Weather^Notai. 88-96 34-0 30-0 S. a E. B. 8.B. S.E. 8.E. S>B. S.E. 8.W. W. W. W. W. E. K. E. E. E. a£. s. 8. 8. 8. FiM Light rain. Fins 8711 89-06 39-06 8912 89 07 39-18 29 02 29 08 2906 28 98 28-97 28-76 28-72 28 70 28 69 28 67 28 99 29 01 29 08 29 on 29-12 29 33 29 36 2» 37 29 41 29 42 80 46 89« 29 62 29 49 39 47 39 S3 39- 17 29 18 39-07 89 08 38 88 88 as 30-0 380 360 360 380 28-0 300 320 32 300 380 30-0 320 34 34 180 220 24 24 21 100 120 200 18 190 140 160 18 200 200 220 34 aoo 31 830 300 S8-0 N. N. N. N. N, W. W. w. w. w. 8.W. S.W. 8.W. S.W. 8.W. N.W. W. W. W. w. N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E. E. E. E. E. E. 8. 8. B. 8. 8. 8. 8. Fine, alight snow ,Ii.Ath>bMea Nov. 8. 8. 8. AthabaoM river. : Fort UoKay, Ath»bMo«"riv«r AtiukbRMm riv«r Ft MoMormy.AthkiiMnrivi 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 12. 12. 12. 12. 12. IS. 13. IS. 13. 13. 14. 14. 14. 14. 14. 16. 16. 16., 16. 16.. 16.. 16.. 16.. 16.. 16.. 17.. 17.. 17.. 17.. 1 .. 18.. 18.. 18.. 18.. 18.. 18.. 19.. 19.. 19.. 19.. SO ao 20 21 n n. Hoar. 12.00 nooD S.00p.in. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 8.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 pwm. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.ni. 12.00 nonn 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p. m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noon S.OOpkDi. 6.00 p.m. 6.0Ua.m. 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12. 00 noon 8.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. ■2.00 noon 3 00 p.m. 6.00 p.m 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12. 00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 13.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 pi m. 6.00 a.m. iU. 00 noon 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 12.00 noon 28 80 28 80 28-82 29-33 29-36 29 47 29 51 29-67 29 27 29 27 2» 27 29-27 29 27 29 27 29-29 29 31 29 41 29 47 29 47 29-47 2947 29'«1 29 61 29-47 29 47 29 42 29 39 29-42 29 47 29 47 29 62 29 62 2» 64 29 87 29 67 29 67 29 57 29 57 29 62 29 72 29 70 29-70 29 70 29 70 29 70 29 70 34 340 34-0 20-0 21 21-0 200 20-0 300 31 360 31 270 160 18-0 14-0 120 100 20 6-0 12-0 100 +80 -2-0 +60 10-0 7-0 70 7-0 8-0 80 10-0 80 30 20 10 + 1-0 - 2 -120 -10 -10 — 8 + 6 -300 260 —180 29-63 29 67 39 57 98 63 29 63 29 47 29 63 20-63 29-66 29-47 29 47 29 07 28 97 28 85 28-87 28-91 38 9S 1 Woathei^Notu. 24 —820 —26-0 -12 —120 —120 -16 - 8 + 2 - 8 80 -180 30 00 -6-0 4-0 3-0 8- N.B. N.B. N.E. N.E W. W. w. s. s. N.W. N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E. NE. N. N. 8.E. S. & N.B. N.S. N.E. N. N. N. N. N.W. N.W. N.W. N.W. Fina. Fine, 7 p.m, nio falling, rail bow obnrved, 10 p,m. now. Final ioe wt fait in channel. aw. N.W. N.W. N.W. N.W. 8. a. 8. w. w. w. w. w. w. w. w. w. 8. 8. 8. N. N. N. Fine. Fine. Fine. Fine. He. 4^]ii«MR>lo|iQia Pbee. AtlukfaMW nvwr Tnol, AtbabMoa nver. Date. 190a Hoar. Kov. ^1 hli Red Willow lain. Tnul. Pembin* riTcr . TnU Big Jaokfish lake . Tnul. Hut lake.. IiaolaBiohe Mean for month a... n.. s.. s.. B.. a.. S3.. as.. ».. ss. ss. M. 94. 94. 94. 9B. ». 96. 95. 95. 9S. 9S. as. r. ar. 97. 98. 9B. 98 99. 90. SO. 80. S.OOpbin. r. 00 p.m. 6.00 a.m 9.00a.m 19.00 Dooo S.00p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. g.U0a.m. 19.00 BOOB SOOp^m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00a.m 9.00 a.m 19.00 BOOL 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. 19.00 noon 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 19.00 noon O.OOpkDL 6.00 a.m. 19.00 noon 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. la.OOnooB 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 19.00 noon 6.00 p.m 6.00a.m 1^.00 aooi 6.00 p.m. IjaelaBioh*. II . PatProdena. Deo. Tnul ..■•• WhitaOih lake. Wbitefiahlake.. Good Fiah Uke. . Dock lake Victoria. En lake. WatMiw . Mean for mmth . 6.00 19. 00 noon 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. ia.OO;noon 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.in. 12.00 noon 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m 19.00 Booi 6.00 p. m. 6.00a.m 19.00 BOOB 6.00 p.m. 6.00 a.m. 19.00 98-87 9809 9807 98 47 98 97 98-Sl 98 SS 98-98 98 SS 98-97 98-37 98-97 9819 98 19 98-08 9807 98-ia 98 07 98-06 98 07 9811 97-87 97-89 97-n 97-71 97-09 9737 9717 97-S7 97-87 97-87 97-77 97-78 97.78 6-0 -90-0 -880 —90 —100 -190 -16 I Weatfaar-Hotaa. N. 8. S. 8. W. W. -9S-0|8W. Fiae. Fine. — 8-0 16-0 —ISO -100 00 •t- 9-0 8-0 100 UO 19-0 19-0 19.0 910 160 96-0 S9-0 84-0 960 s*-o 96-0 96-0 SO-0 98-0 94-0 98-0 90-0 98 97 &W. 8.W. a. a. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. a w w. 8. 8.W. 8.W. aw. aw. aw. aw. aw. E. K W. W. 10-81 97-97 9807 9814 9797 27-87 87-87 97-87 97'90 97 79 27-67 27-67 27 79 9790 27-69 97-87 27-67 97-87 r 83 SOO 88-0 340 960 340 320 280 380 260 14-0 24 900 100 390 29-0 89-0 490 Flna. 8li(bt Fine. Snow. 8bow. Fine. Fine. Fine. N.W. N.W. N.W. aw. aw. aw. aw. N.W. N.W. N.W. aw. aw. aw. aw. aw. aw. Fine, very little mow her*. Fine. Fine. Fine. 97 76 -i^ 57 Na 4— MatMiologioal ObieiTatiou— ConltiiMd. BAMitma. MeuL »3» 38-7S 38-08 »-44 39-47 39-06 38 93 38-97 72-83 Highert. Lowwt. 80-: 88'< 80-: ao-: 88-1 39-: 39-: '19 38' -13 38- '90 38- -14 38 19 38- '83 38- '79 38- 79 27- 14 27- TunMonnB. Maaa. 68 84 77 21 44-46 10 U-S9 82 6B-61 21 48-96 27 4S-S1 06 ar-u 17 10-81 B7 27 76 MO 760 740 770 64-0 60-0 no 860 42-0 + 6-0 16-0 28-0 40-0 80-0 28-0 200 -830 +100 T-5 Amnma Nibir laic. April 14.. H U. . la. H 17. . 18. „ 19. ., •». .. 21 H 8S. •t. 87. SB. 29 SO. Mean for month . U»y 1... 2... 3... 4 . 6 .. 6 . 7... 8 .. 9... 10... U... 12... 18... 14 . 15.. 16.. 17 18. 19. 30. 21. 22. 23. 24. 26. 26. 27 80. 81. M(m. 29 94 28-87 3918 38-90 39 03 39 41 29 17 38-98 39 01 39 38 39-38 29 43 20 48 29-00 29-62 29-62 29-66 WMtbw. Ckmif. Clew. Cloody. If Olaw. Chmdy. n n Ckwraad It Cloudy. Clear ud Cloudy. Snowing. 29 88 29-87 29 68 29 34 29 06 28 93 29 38 29 77 29 63 29 81 29-46 29 38 29-32 29 40 2982 29 27 29 17 29-31 29-41 29 23 29 14 29 28 29 33 29-22 29 16 28 93 2911 29-23 29-48 29 90 29 36 2931 Clear. Cloudy. M Clear. Cloudy. II Clear. Cloady. Clear. Clondy. Clear. Cloady. Clear. Raining. Clear. Cloudy. Clear. Rain. Raining. CiMkr. Raining. 29-27 29 40 29 27 28 95 28 43 29 12 29 36 29 34 29 26 29 23 29-43 29-42 29 34 Heavy rain. Clear. I* Heavy rain. Cloudy. Clear. Cloudy. Clear. I) Cloady. S.E. wind. 4;« At Amna No. 4.— Barometer Ite»Aing»-^^Uif$d. OMc 1900. Jnne 15. M 16.. .. 17.. » 18.. .. 19.. .. 90. . .. 31.. .. 23.. .. 3S .. 34.. ., 3B . .. 96.. .. 37.. 29 30. Mean for month . July 1.. 3. a. 4.. 5. 8.. 7.. 8.. 9.. 10. 11.. 12.. 13 . 14.. 16.. 18.. 17... W... 19... 20... 21 .. 22... 24. 2S. :i6. 27. 30. SI. Mean for month. lug. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11., 12.. 13.. 14.. U.. 16.. 6 a.m. 9B'3e • W 19'Sl 19'36 9906 38 »6 98-80 3903 39-61 39-68 39-49 39 61 99 63 39 73 39 67 19 81 19 48 39 46 39-43 39 26 39 16 39-S2 39 62 39 37 39 34 39-42 39-60 29 60 9 17 39 37 »24 19 02 39 80 99 49 S38 19 16 19 21 B8S ft-68 29-61 28 81 29 28 29-33 29 36 23U 29 40 29 36 29 07 39 01 29-41 29 36 29.13 29 34 29-61 29 27 29 12 29 32 39 32 39-34 29 40 Kcxm. 39 19 n 38 38 » 39 39 39 19' » 39 13 61 43 80 04 98 93 18 61 39 46 39 42 39-42 39-20 39-17 3941 39S1 39 29 39-28 3947 »'&8 39 49 39-13 39 37 39 30 38 97 39-38 39 61 39 21 K-18 39 23 29-43 39-46 99 86 29 10 29 27 29-38 29-38 29 38 29 42 29-39 29 26 29 00 29 06 29-43 29 36 29 34 29 32 29 32 29 61 29-48 29-22 29 13 29 34 39 38 29 40 29 33 6 p.m. 39 04 »-S7 »-86 18 23 » 99 38-88 3938 39 61 39 63 38 64 39 68 39 68 29-47 29 48 39-31 89-41 39 41 19-82 39-12 39 44 19 48 39-22 38-31 S9M 39 31 39 22 39 33 39 14 39 06 »43 19 48 812 30 29-18 29-61 29-68 »4» 29 12 29 72 29 36 29 37 2n-37 29 30 29 34 29 16 28-97 29 28 29 37 29 31 29 33 29 «) 2!f.tS 29 61 29-. Ith. July 2-4. 23. Jiithug Chamwrnonm. L. June l".. 24. fttV« Htiilsonianum. Ki<-h. Juiu' 13-Sept. i). 2.'>. Saxifraga Cfrnua, L. July 5. -*} " puncfala. L. July 12. ^~- , . " . 'ririixpidafn. Retz. May 1.">-Juui' .•{-2.S. 28. EpUohium xpirafuin Lam. July 2.5. 2i». '• latif'Mum . L. June :!0- July .5. ;I0. Arnica alpina, Olin. July 2. •'•1. Antennttrin angimtata, (trecne. June 30. •*2- " ea;»7w. (ir.-«"ne (f). Mav 15. 33- " 8p. Junt.*). 34. Arlemiaia horeaits, tati. var. Wormakioldii. Bess 35. " 8p. July 14. 36. Erigeron entieephdus, J. Vahl. July 16. 37. " iiniflor,,^ L. July 10-12-16. 38. Pctasitea taw ' tat o. Gray. July 6. 81 Sept. 9. as 30. 40 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 4«. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. m. 57. 68. 59. flO. «1. (12. <53. 04. H5. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. S5. H6. 87. 88. SaitMurea montieola. Rich. Sept. HO. Taraxacum eeratophorum, Ledeb. July 3. Arctottaphyloi alpina, Spreng. May 22-June 3. « Vm-ur»i, Spreng. May 12-17. Andromeda polifolia, L. May 29-June 24. CoMxope tetragona, Don. June 30. " taxifolius, Gt. July 3. Kalmia glauca. Ait. June 30. Lfdum latifoliam. Ait. July 6. " palustre, L. June 3-22. Loiteleuria procumbens, Desv. May 17-June 9-28. Pyrola pumila, Hornem. May 30-June 17-July 2. Rhododeendron Lapponicum, Wahl. June 11-13. Vaeeinium Vilis-ldaa, L. June 3. " uliginosum, K June 17-July 2. Armeria vtilgarit, L. June 22. Diapensia Lapponica, L. June 22. CatHlleia pallida. Kunth. July 10-12. PedUularut euphrasioides, Steph. June 25-July 3. " Lnngsdorpfii, Fisch. July 6. " " var. lanata. Or. June 4. Pinguicula vulgari», L. July 6. Oxyria digyna. Camp. July 10. Polygonum viviparum, L. July 7-10. Betula glandtdota, Mx. May 17-June 9. Salix Richardsoniana, Hook. May 14-29-July 4. " Uraniandica, Lunditt. S. April 1-June_ 11. " myrtillifolia, Andent. June 11. " Brownii, Bebb. June 17. " herbacea, L. July 2. Popuhu habbsamifera. L. May 12-30. Picea alb». Link. June :^0. Pinua Banktiana, Lamb. May 13. Juncug arcHcut, Willd. July 5. Eriophorum capitatum, HuHt. May 29-July 4. " polytlackyon, I» July 4. Cartx turfoia (f). July 10-12. " taxatilit, L. July 4. Poa arclica R. Br. July 7. Calamagrotlin Langndorffii, Kunth. July 6. Equuietum arvense, Ehrh. July 5. Aspidium fragrant, Swartz. May 15. Polypodium vtdgare, I^. April 17. Lycupodium alpinum, L. April 13. " compUinaliim. L. July 14. Racomitriiim laniiginoiium. L. May 15. ., AiiUnomiiium palutirr, Sohw. May iS. Hypniim riigonum, L. May 21. Cffriirin nivati*. Anh. May ir>. Cladanin rangifrrina. (L). .May 15. " co.-iiiirnpioitlpx. L May 16. 1-t iOMfARO VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 88 A. ISOB U8T OF PLATB8 AOCOMPANYINO REPORT OF J. W. TTBRBLL, D.L.B. [MA 1. MMiiiwn of Expedition at Cmppmrrui ""^ t Old Fort Reltance T^^ *• t awond Rapid, Locldian River ?*i 4. Lower Drop of Parry Falli . . . ' " ' ' * i. An Barlr Bprias Batli, KlpIinJLait ■...'.'.'.' ^t t Lnaeh at Craealnc of Sasttatchewan KlTer „! T. Ue-U-Blebe, Hudtoni Bajr Companr'i Port .... 2; t. Halt for Lunch at a Hunter'a Camp .... Si ». Fort MeKajr. Athabaura Rirer !* IV. Fort Cbippewyan "*■ U. Slave Hirer, North from Fort Smith .!!!..!!!.!.' ?" 114 Fort Rceolution, Great Slave Lake ^ U. Hudion-i Bay Oompany's Dwelling, Fort RnolnUM'!.' 2i LMU!!!"* ''°"" Catholic Choreh, Fort Raaolation ...■..■.■.■.".■*.■ S Ifc Sleds conitructed at Fort Reeolutlon for expeditloa .. Zt 111 lee preseure on Great Blare Lake .. *" 17. Halt for lunch at Bin Point, Great Stare Laki *."!.' 2? It. Camp 11 Hllee •« It*. Sleds at Swallow Islands, Great SlareLalM'! !f? !»•. Pyko's Portaza Landlns, Great Stars Lake .... fTT in. Glacier Creek, Charlton Harbour .. . "' I tt. De«r Traill at Fort Reliance **• In. Old Fart liHllanec ** lU. Parry Falls, frcm West Bank *** !«. Whiu Spruce Timber, Burr Lake. Plke's'portaae' !?? IM. Camp on West Shore Artillery Lake . "^ 2" ^i - i*'* *~^*' °° *»» ■•«»• Artiiier^iito".".:::::::: iff IM. South End Crystal Island. Artillery Lake ... ""^ l». A rirteen-Mlnute Catch, Artillery Lake 1^ lU. Cache of Prorislons, Artlllefy Lake •• liL OilBcult Cance Navigation .. '•' 111 Camp at Height of Land ••• In. Sifton Lake and Calm on Uuak Ox Hill '^ M. Baby Mcsk Ox, Sifton Lake *" In. Rapids at Station J21, Hanbury River ... ** 1 11 Dickson Canyon, Hsnbury River . "^ 1ST. Dickson Canyon, Hanbury River *™ in. Hanbury River, below Dickson Canyon *** M. Helen Falls, sixty Feet, Hanbury River .. "» '0. Junction of Thelon and Hanbury Rivera .. 2» I «. Eskimos on Tbelon River ••• l«. Canoe Sailing en L'pper Thelon liiver !!! **^ I M. Eskimos on Thelon River .. **> 1*1 """mos In Kyacks on Thelon Rlrw-".'.'." »» l«. Peter French, Iroquois Steerar.ia ... "^ l«. Pon-*lng First Rapids on Uppr Thelon *•• iw. Lunch on Sandy Shore of Dppf r Thelon Rlrar';! ••* l« « " ''''P*'" Th«>on trom dim Hill •* III f"» 2'" " «^«»'«t Point on Upper ThVlwRiw *" 12" i.!^' I'"*"' " ''•■^•^ "» 1«« «"• Tramp ...' •" 1*4. South Extremity Artillery Lake «» Im w" !'/'"" «•'•»<. Great ilare Lake;;.',';".:; •» IM. Wrw-ked on Stony Island. Great Blare Uka *" 2r'^*, "' " ""* RaMlulloa for Repairs ....;;;; •» ■ ?'"^« *»*^ '"' A'S^ « ««»» River : «« Expedition Crossing Bnlth Portia .. •* l^Teaaaad Carry-all Arrtrtag at LMliitlMaka "* -•'■' iii 16 207 ** til 218 'i ': L ==*.».„ p..- : ^ £ 215 1 i 4 ; jj^ I li :^:^iA-C-_ 1-». ■>--^ 7 ^ua d V V 3S i i i 2 I 86— iii— 171 SS5 .«#? I Jb I 227 I 6 X muHmmmum ' • "^- ■ (ANM OMd HO TOr CMABT M^ 2) 1.0 I.I llt|2J |25 110 1:25 lu A :«M fan — -s 4 m Pla.e No. 14 .' .,' il ;: Bapor' of J. W. Tyrrall IimwoR Roman Cathouc Chcw*. Foir- Roiolitios. Photo, by J. W. TyiraU 98S ill U '* -5— iii_i8 SM > 25— iii— 18i 241 I 841 i i ■i 11 : ■f'- HS '"( Ik '4 I I ' Ill i ^ I M7 w iijr i i iii Mil lu I Mi !ir 11 Im 968 I 1 k I 26— iii-19J ttT m ite --n I J I ^ 201 ft ,Kf- ^ t:Ml 6 u H ■rf 20.-. m 2fi7 * T ?«!> i f i I I o I X o s M-IU-Mi IJ a S76 I i r. i : i ,: , i ir m it < X put* Now n of J. W. Trrrall Dickson Canyon, Hanbubv Rivkb. S81 Photo, by J. W. Tyrrell i! -:■' s i i IK u £ < m 25 Hi- 21 2»7 «»-iH-21| i » is $ s ! i e £ a PlaUllft.M J • Report of J. W. TjmU 8&— iii— Sai m I i I I ! i d fi •< w 300 «( J. W. Tyrrtn •T. W. Ttrkeii, a« ox 1(iO Wii.k Tramp. Photo, br J. W. Trrrall i S11 I § s g 313 SIS m I 25-:ii -.•>» 319 •4 ^^' t;'*- s ;»i 1 a i i t i ■J I a > ■ ■o tH i M w ran oiMr (ANSI and BO TEST CHART No. 2) 1.0 U IttlU 125 IK ^ B^ I? 124 ^ L8 U 116 ^ >^PPLED M^Cg Ine I ■\ 4*:. -* ■^v.',.^ ir,M^.\i mM^:^:- %m *^- ^sfv '%^'T^ '^^.'1', c«;¥ m} ^*, I » J > I K '■^ .it ^■*;,C:fi'i^a;^-^«^?-' 5H ' ff* ^'