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Les diagrammes sulvants iilustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 ,>■■ 1 2 3 4 5 6 ■•^«'J"Hllf!Wf^-l'll* ^ ?t. r ^- — •" T ; ^^i STATEMEMT r, i , :.A^^-t ■-■H^'-* ^^.ii:, THE PRESENT ^- ' -a' >., : ;;,: v^,o» f ■ J ' TIMBER AND DEaI: v REGARDS EUROPF .; ^ . ; ..I .< iN il' lU AND THii: M * r ■ '> 'ff ,- ORIGINAL. LONDON 1821. .< "t ■^^•■v^^v5^. '■ 'r-f'f? ^.A My Lord, Having had the honor of addressing your Lordship on the present corn laws, I hope that mjr apology for intruding again, though on a different subject, will be accepted by your Lordship. In tendering the annexed Statement, on the present timber and deal trade, for perusal, I have but one view, namely, that this im- portant subject might be considered in all its true bearings, and upon them alone, and not on mere individual assertions, a conclu- sion come to. In whatever way I might have been formerly in- terested in that trade, here and abroad, I can assure your Lordship that having no interest whatever in that trade at .present, no pri- vate motives can be ascribed to me, as to have been influenced one way or other, in drawing up that Statement ; and I therefore flat- ter myself that it will deserve so much more attention, and per- haps be found a proper object of being laid before the committees now investigating that subject. ' ^ Knowing the great value of time to your Lordship as well as to all persons connected with Government, I lament the length to which tha: Statement has grown, and which perhaps may make it less an object for consideration on that account alone, than would otherwise be the case. I must, however, assure your Lordship, that the manifold interests involved in that question, and owing to this language being foreign to me, (for which I trust sufficient allowance will be made) did not enable me to abridge more of what I found necessary to say on that subject. Should it, how- ever, be thought superfluous to have that Statement taken into consideration, or the question on which it treats, be already final- ly decided, as to the course his Majesty's Government mean to adopt, I humbly beg your Lordship will then have the goodness to direct that that Statement be returned to me at the earliest con- venience. I I have the honor to be, with great respect. My Lord, ■' Your Lordship's most humble and To the Right Honorable Obedient Servant, The Earl of Liverpool H. D. DUNSKT* ^('•iJ ' ; tt • -n, ' ^ni ■< .V, > ^ i-'U, ,! ■: t'lii' IV. 7 ^ 'U'l'. STATEMENT, <|-c. 4c. .; h. '^ ..,.,J1 ,.' i : . ,./*,; .1.-'.'. .... . ■ •• ' j' ' 1' ' . r,t ' • . .; ti.-^f. If ■ !■ 1- ■ ■ ■■ "^'■ •II' J HE question of the timber and deal duties having now beeti iti agitation for a long time, and an official report having gone forth^ which recommends what would materially injure some of the na- tions of the North of Europe, with whom this country is at pre- sent on a liberal footing of commercial intercourse, namely, as re- gards a free and encouraged trade in British manufactured goods aad colonial produce ; I humbly beg to submit the follow- ing Statement for consideration, which my own experience in the wood trade here, and in foreign countries, has enabled me to sup- port by facts, and not by mere loose assertions ; and to the cor- rectness of which, I shall be prepared to give the most satisfactory proofs, whenever it should be found requisite to call for them. Owing to the several heavy duties imposed on European Wood^ a considerable encouragement has been given to the Canadian people, whereby to enable them to supply this country with that article to the extent they have done of late ; and when Govern- ment is now called upon to continue that encouragement to them, or embrace other measures, whereby some of the nations in the North of Europe must become most serious sufferers, and which ultimately would affect England, in her present intercourse with them also, surely ic becomes a matter of the first importance, minutely to ascertain whether such encourageriient is actually of that benefit to the Canadian people and to this country, as to require the sacrifice of i^rading with other nations ; and whether the other measures proposed, do not chiefly rest on a misconcep- tion of the statements made by individuals. The first view I take upon this subject is to consider — . 280 Statement on the preseiit C4 «* What good the encouragement has done to the Canadian people, and to this country, with regard to the timber trade from Canada." It appears from the evidence given before the House of Lords last year, that the only benefit derived from the timber trade in Cana- da, is the labor bestowed upon it in the cutting down, and haul- ing out the trees, the preparing when made into timber, and the floating down when converting them into deals by saw-mills es- tablished for that purpose. It is also stated in evidence, that the tree is worth nothing to the original possessor or land-owner, and that he as readily would set fire to his wood (for the sake of making the land useful), by which mode he might get paid for his trouble in selling the ashes, and that if a set of men called wood- cutters, (generally United States men) were not to be found, who undertook for their individual benefit the cutting, preparing, and floating down of the timber, most likely the British settler in the interior, jointly with the merchant at the shipping port, would think of some expedient, so as to make the matter beneficial to both, But as it is at present, and owing to the immense quantity of wood brought forward by these « wood-cutters," (and from whence they introduce it, I shall come to presently) it also appears, that with the exception of the smallest proportion of wood converted into deals at the sundry establishments, the direct shipments of timber from the British possessions in North America do not leave a sufliciency of net proceeds in this country, so as to pay for the putting the timber on board of the ships, and that all previous expense and labor, as well as the origin?! costs of the tree, (if there were any) are a total loss, which loss must be felt some- where, and falls most likely, nay almost to a certainty, upon a British subject, while the United States man is sure of getting paid for all the previous expense and labor before he parts with tlie tree or the piece of timber. That kind of timber which has been held of greater value hither- to, going by the denomination of " pitch pine,'* or ** red pine," appears not to grow at all, or is extremely seldom to be met vnth, within the boundaries of the British possessions of North America, but is a native of the United States, growing chiefly in the 45th degree of latitude } and thence the conclusion is clearly drawn, why United States men are invariably those that cut and prepare the wood, and float it to the ports of shipment, and why such immense quantities are brought down by them : — for it is not only the pitch and red pine from the United States by which the revenue of this country has hitherto been defrauded, but no doubt the yellow pine contributes also a material share in doing the same i for every piece of that timber is subject to a duty of %l. 85. per load, whereas it has hitherto been successfully introduced in diis country, at a duty of only 2?. 6^. per load. 1 ; I '^ 5] 2'imber and Deal Trade. 28 L However, independently of these circumstances^ it has now satisfactorily been proved to the public, that all kinds of American yrrod, whether the growth of the United States, or of the British possessions, is not only extremely liable to the dry rot, so much so, that it will become totally useless and decayed within the short space of a twelve-month or thereabouts, when excluded from the air ; but will also cause any European wood coming in contact with it to get defective in the same degree j and a more decided proof upon this subject cannot be given than by the documents Tendered in evidence, according to which, sundry frigates built of the American pitch or red pine, were found unserviceable after the lapse of 3 to 3 h years on the average ; and those built of Ame- rican yellow pine were found decayed on an average of less than 3 years } whilst the frigates built of European fir timber were not found defective till after the expiration of 8 J years on the aver- age, and some of them remaining in service for 9 and even 10 years. It thence follows of course, that to use Canada timber in future, in any kind of building whatsoever, is sure to cause that build- ing to be condemned beforehand, and would be just as much as to have the property vested therein thrown away, without the possi- bility of ever deriving any benefit from it ; for by the evidence, page 60, it clearly appears, that a -house built of Canada wood is literally worth nothing. — With this prejudice laid open, which ihust increase as it goes on spreading more generally, I humbly think, that his Majesty's Government will consider it beneficial to the Canadian settlers, to check them at once from entering any deeper into so dangerous an enterprise, which must bring ultimate ruin upon themselves and upon numbers of his Majesty's sub- jects J for if even a double increase of the present duties on Euro- pean wood were to be fixf.;d upon, that would not prevent the consumer, (how much so ever it would reduce consumption in toto) from using the European wood in preference to the other, when such undeniable proofs of the total defectiveness of the Canadian timber are before him ; and to encourage that trade with all its defects upon it, would only be to draw so many more in- dividuals into ruin, for that timber would sure enough find its way to England, and in large quantities too, but would as sure be left to decay in the public docks or private yards of individuals, and consequently be loaded with the loss of '4n additional capital in freight charges, &c. Canada deals, or those manufactured in this country of Canada timber, form an exceptioif from the above case } for they being found useful for all ordinary and slight purposes, such as packing cases, packing boards, toys, and the like, do not require that dura- bility which is indispensable with buildings of smaller or g;reat«r ■:>o:> r « \k 282 Statemeni on the present [6 magnitude^ and as the present establishments in fhe British Co- lonies of America rest chiefly on the manufacturing or converting of the trees or of the timber into deals, a sufficient employ will always be left for the native laborer, in supplying these establish- ments with the raw article, and also for the capital vested in the saw-mills, in converting the raw article and supplying this coijntry with the deals, and which would surely turn out to a more useful account, than the overstocking the British markets with American timber, so as also to enhance the price of the raw material to them- selves on the spot. — Besides, the deals manufactured in Canada, would not, strictly speaking, be liable to the censure of attempting fraud on the British revenue, whether the raw article used for th» converting into deals be the growth of the United States or not : much otherwise is the case with timber, which is manufactured and got ready in the forests of the United States, and transmitted to Canada, evidently with the view of defrauding the British revenue. - I would in the next place beg leave to consider — V The ill effects which the encouragement given to the Canadian timber trade, has had upon the trade with the European nations and also to this country." ' ' »• -To come at the surest conclusion upon this subject, it is neces- sary to go minutely into the official returns of the timber trade for the last twenty years. 1 rom them it will appear, that Prussia had the greatest share, and in fact supplied this country with three! tinges the quantity of timber annually, to what all other nations taken collectively did, until her trade became interrupted in the year 1806, by the Swedes blockading all her ports, of which, and the subsequent war, other nations have been enabled to take ad- vantage in supplying this country with timber. If I compare the Prussian shipments of timber to this country, to the period just mentioned, namely from 1799 to total quantity of 1,074,029 loads or an annual supply of loads of timber, will be found the result ; and if I take the Prussian shipments since the conclusion of peace, say from 1814to 1819, consisting in these six years of 355,325 loadS) the annual supply has been only at the rate of loads. There then is a proof that Prussia alone has suffered to the extent of about one hundred thousand loads of timber annually, or at once of two thirds of her former trade with this country in that branch only. In the export of deals too, Prussia has suffered to the extent of 531 great standarts, (each of 120 pieces) being about one sixth of her former trade j for from 1799 to 1805, she exported on an average to England annually, 3078, gr. st. and from 1814 to 1819, only at the rate of 2547, being annually 63,720 deals deficiency, or 53 1 previous 1805, a 153,433 59,221 7] Timbtir and Deal Trade, 383 gr. St — Sweden suppHf^cl this country in the same period, say from 1799 to 1805, with 71t^i loads of timber^ or on an average annu- ally with 1018 loads» and 5008 great standarts of deals and deal ends } and in the latter period, say from ISl-t to 1819, with 70,644' loads of timber, or on an average annually with 1 1,774 loads, and 6149 gr. St. deals, &c. She consequently has increased in her trade with this country tenfold, while Prussia has suffered an hundred fold ^-—and if evidence has been given that Sweden also feels the ill effects of the present high and unproportionate duty on her deals, such evidence must be extremely erroneous ; for Sweden never enjoyed one tenth part of her present timber trade with this country, whilst the former low duties were in force, but rather improved in her trade with the increase of those duties. — Russia has also increased in her timber and deal trade with this country, in the latter period over the former by a small matter of 1060 loads of timber, and 1778 great standarts of deals annually. Now as to Norway, which country never experienced much the ill effects of the late war, (as did chiefly Prussia) or was at any period so totally excluded from trading with this country, (as other nations were), she exported during the last twenty years to this country in toto, 672,194 loads of timber, being on an average 33|609 loads annually, or about one fifth only of what Prussia used to supply this country with. — If, however, Norway chose to over- stock the British markets, (which she was very much in the habit of doing, and from which most likely those hundred thousands of pounds of bad debts said to be owing, as given in evidence, may have arisen) and brought to this country, as for instance in the two years of 1810 and 1811, a supply of more than she used to bring on an average in four years, and again in 1815, nearly double her usual supply ; she certainly must ascribe it to herself, if her trade suffers, (and causes that of other nations to suffer too) or if she gets little or nothing at certain periods for what she brings to this country. The best criterion to go by is, to take the total quantity of her exports of timber to this country for the last nine years, say from 1810 to 1819, in which period she enjoyed an uninterrupted course of trade, and which will prove that Nor- way has supplied this country up to the latest period, when this question became agitated, at the rate of about 32,000 loads annually, or with nearly as much, (if not quite as much, which the records of the year 1813, unfortunately destroyed by fire, would have proved) as she has done for the last 20 years ; she consequently can have suffered but little or nothing in her timber trade with this country, owing to the increase of the late heavy duties, whilst it also proves, that the immense supplies of timber, which have been imported from Canada, and from the United States thrpugh [f^^ ".. .■-,■. • ,. ' . • •■ ■■ • > s'ii*':;^ 284 Statement on the present IB 1 Canada, have solely been brought here at the expense, and to the great injury of Prussia alone. In supplying this country withdealsi Norway has certainly fallen off materially to former years; whether this does not, however, arise from her supplying at present almost ex- clusively (and which Prussia also used to do formerly) the whole of the German coast, Holland, France, and so on, thereby wishing to evade the payment of the bad debts said to be due and owing to this country (and every merchant of some experience will have met with something of the kind in that and all other coun- tries, where it would be in vain to look for repayment of debts be- come bad in course of time, and owing to circumstances, or make mortgages and bonds available that are of no value) — can be for me but matter of conjecture : — so much however is certain, that this falling off in the Norway supplies of deals has been amply made up by supplies from Canada. For if I again resort to the official returns, and take the total quantity of deals and deal-ends shipped in the last 20 years by Norway to this country, it amounts to 448,604 great standarts, (each of 120 pieces) or on an average annually to 22,430 great standarts : whereas since the peace, or from 1814 to 1819 (being the period in which Norway supplied more freely her newly acquired trading friends in Germany, Hol- land, and so on,) the exports of deals from Norway to this country were only 12,268 great standarts annually, and the remainder to the former quantity of 22,430 great standarts has been made up fully (or thereabouts) by supplies from Canada *, for in 1819 that country had progressively increased in her establishments so far, as to sup- ply Great Britain with 9718 great standarts of deals and enr!s, -and *rery prospect is held out that she will go on to increase from year to year in supplying England with deals still more ; — and as it also appears in evidence, that most of the Norway deals, par- ticularly those called seconds, are only fit for such purposes where Canada deals have been found every way fit to answer the same pur- pose, such as the making of packing cases &c. &c : and as the Cana- da deals, from the nature of the wood and other circumstances, are generally manufactured into the same lengths, say 12 feet, as is thie case with the Norway deals, any regulation therefore in the pre- sent scale of the duties on deals, so as to give Norway the least benefit in her short deals, over other lengths, would be to deprive the British American settlers of the whole of their deal trade and cut up their present expensive establishments and machinery for the converting of the Canada timber into deals. — I ought to say' a word or two of oak staves^ which being an article that can hardly be called the produce of -ither Russia, Norway, or Sweden, although tHose countries have i.c times made trifling shipments thereof to this Qountry ', yet they form an important branch of trade tot'nia- ■I ■J i [8 L9 Timber and Deal Trade, «fiff sia too ; her exports amountine in the period from 1799 to 1805 to the total quantity of I64>)^74 thousands} (each thousand consisting of 1200 staves) or on an average annually to SSil-GS thousands} whereas since the peace, say from 1814 to 1819, her total ex- ports in that period were only 85,962 thousands, or on an average annually 14,827 thousands, consequently a reduction of about one half her stave trade to thio country, which Prussia also lost in consequence of the very high duties that were imposed on that article to favor the British North American possessions. I have now arrived ai two undeniable facts, namely — ,...>.; 1. That all the benefit, real and imaginary, which has been enjoyed hitherto by the British American settlers, in supplying this country with American timber and staves, has been done wholly to the inju- ry of Prussia; that country having lost thereby two thirds of her once valuable timber trade, and nearly one half of her stave trade ; (without having had an equivalent elsewhere) and that one descrip- tion of that timber particularly, so depriving Prussia of her former trade is, if not wholly yet to a most considerable extent, the produce of the United States, consequently, by the strict letter of the law of this country, as much subject to the same duty as Prussian timber ; but also, that the quality of the whole is found to be of such a defective nature as to be totally useless for any purposes embrac- ing the value beyond mere trifles. 8. That all the benefit enjoyed hitherto by the British colonists, in supplying this country with deals, has been to cause a falling off to Norway in her supplying this country with about 10,000 gr. at. deals annually, (she having however found an equivalent in sup- plying the whole German coast, Holland, France, and so on) and that consequently to favor Norway by any remission or regulation in the present scale of ihe duties on deals, would be chiefly to throw back the British colonists, to the former unimproved state as re- gards their trade in denls ; and also, (as will more fully be proved hereafter,) to exclude every other nation from supplying this country with deals in future. When therefore the report of the Lords' Committee represents that the progressive diminished wood trade with the North of Europe has occasioned great interruption with those nations, particularly with Noripy ; surely I may be allowed humbly to represent that the trade with Prussia, as being the only one that has suffered to so serious an extent, must have entirely escaped the notice of those noble Lords ! I now come to the consideration of the benefit derived by this country from her trade with the North of Europe, and to the com- parative st£fte of her exports, (which she has hidierto and is still enjoying) to each individual State, that suffers under the present restrictive laws. — ^ , . . 286 Siahmenion Be prii tio ' Norway is stated to have great predilection for English goods, and that if any material diminution of the present duties on timber and deals were to take place, thofi countries that produce them, but more especially Sweden and Norway, would very greatly increase their con- sumption of British produce : — Now as regards Sweden and Norway leaving their predilections for British goods out of the question, I very much doubt that a great increase of consuming British goods can ever take place, if even the trade of those countries were to be placed in the most enviable situation which they themselves could possibly wish for ; because their government has strictly prohibited the importation of almost every item of foreign manufacture, knowing too well that as the country cannot dispose of foreign manufactures by a carrying trade to other na- tions, as was the case during the late war, neither can she herself consume them } for how many and who are they in that country that are opulent enough and willing to consume foreign manufac- tures ? Perhaps not one individual in every ten thousand of her whole population has the means of purchasing beyond what the country produces ! And as Luxury, the great stimulus of con- suming foreign manufact(;ires, is known to but very few individuals in that country, so does habit confine the generality to what the country manufactures for herself.— Besides, Sweden has had (as proved already) her timber trade increase tenfold under these restrictive measures and at the expense of other nations, but has not increased her consumption of British goods in the same, or even a similar ratio ; is she then and Norway so much to be favored as to exclude Russia, and particularly Prussia, (who already suffers to so enormous an extent) from all future participation in the deal trade to- tally? And suppose Sweden and Norway were enabled to engross the whole of the timber trade to themselves, and to supply this country with double and triple the quantity they have been doing hitherto, what good would this do towards an increase of consuming British manufactured goods ? For such is the little value of the wood articles in those countries, that these additional exports would leave them only from 40,000/, to 60,000/. sterling per annum, over and above what they already ,njoy and get by their present trade with this country ; &kd if from these sums about three fourths are deducted, which the laborer (that cuts, prepares, and brings the timber, &c. to the ports of shipment) receives to sup- port himself and family, with bare living, there will remain but 10,000/. to 15,000/. annually, in which the King for his dues, the merchant for his disbursement of charges, &c. and the owner of the forest for the raw article, have again to share, so as to leave very little', if any thing, for the purchase of British goods^ be the predilection among the people for havii y; t- -*m ever so lO Timber and Deal Trade, 287 sup- but ues, the o as lods; ;r so great. — It is therefore extremely erroneous that, with regard to Norway and Sweden, a greater demand for British goods can be calculated upon, if ihs present duties on deals were one way or Other regulated in their favor, so as to exclude Russia and Prussia totally, and also to annihilate the trade in Canada deals with this country. ' But how differently situated is the British manufacture and colonial trade, as regards Prussia and Russia, and how far more liberal are the laws, and even the restrictions in those countries, to what they are in Sweden, as regards the trade in British goods ! Prussia allows the importation and consumption against payment of very moderate duties of all and every article of British manu- factures and colonial produce, and expects by so liberal a treat- ment in the regulation of her commercial code, that England on her part should be desirous of meeting Prussia on equally liberal terms ; for surely the situation of both countries requires it, as regards the raw produce of the one, and the great facility of ma- nufacturing in the other. Russia is as liberal in the admission of British and colonial goods, with very few exception;: and those . only to keep aloof from interfering with her internal trade } and if I make a comparative calculation of what each country drew from England in British manufactured goods and colonial produce since the conclusion of peace, it will be convincing that very wrong conclusions must have been drawn upon this subject, when En- gland saw herself induced to keep Russia and Prussia fettered in their Export trade to this country, as has been the case hitherto* r* The BritJf'h exports to Russia amounted, between the yeai;s 1814) and 1819, both inclusive, to 1 1,893,973/. or on an average to 1,98'2,329/. annually. Those to Prussia in the same period to 6,736,832/. or on an average to 1,122,805/. annually. Whereas Sweden and Norway drew from this country, between the years 1816 and 1819, both inclusive, (for the exports of 1814 and 1815, can form no accurate criterion, as that country then still re-exported a great deal of British goods to Russia and Prussia, having done so all along during the late war, and which connex- ions had not then entirely ceased,) only to the amount of 947,389/. or on an average to 236,847/. annually (and which by the bye will go on to diminish still more, as the total prohibition of all foreign manufactures v/as not then in full force, or not so strictly acted upon, as is the case at present). To labor, therefore, for an increase of trade with Norway and Sweden, to the exclusion of Prussia and Russia, would be for this country to grasp at thousands and to sacrifice millions annually for it ! — That Prussia, when in the full enjoyment of her former timber, deal, and stave trade with this country, drew also much larger of British goods and mi 2Bi Statement, on the present^ • lit ' I I li i(^ col(»nial produce, appears from the official return^ too ;, ibr...it|is experts of Great Britain previous to the war, were on. a^n av^ragj^ of l|S25,181/. annually to Prussia, and had risen in the ye^s pf 1804! and 1805 (just previously to the interruption of her trad)^) to four and five millions per annum. This will also prove that t9 circumscribe Prussia any farther in her export trade to this {QQun- try, will have an equally disadvantageous effect upon the export^ of British goods to Prussia, (and refers to Russia in the same degree,) consequently falls ultimately upon England, and injures her tra4e as far as this extends. That such a trade as that with . Prussia and Russia, resting upon so sure a foundation of reciprocity, ai\4 being, if any thing, more in favor than against England, deservef a greater attention to what it has hitherto met with, must become a. fact beyond dispute ; and whether therefore Great Britain hat- found, and can also reckon upon possessing an equivalent, (for so valuable a trade as that just mentioned) in her increased intei^ course with the British North American possessions, admits of very great doubt ; for although the exports to that country became important whilst the war with the United States lasted * and although that war has still left open a kind of smuggling trade between the two countries, (which however can only exist so Iqng as the smuggling remains undetected) yet if I divest these exports of all those temporary advantages, the result is such that CanadA; within her own boundaries, and of her own wants, does not coiv^ sume of British goods much more annually than what she required for several years previously to those severe restrictions on the European wood trade \ (and which amounted to somewhat aibove one million per annum) and that consequently all the benefit which that country has enjoyed all this while, has not made h$r a more useful member to Great Britain, as far at least as regards the consuming of British goods and colonial produce. But in- dependent of what I now have stated in respect of the British ex- ports made direct to each separate State of Northern Europer U ought also to be recollected, that the greater part of the British exports consisting of English manufactured goods and colonial produce shipped from hence, by way of Germany, Holland, and Flanders, is also consumed in Prussia, Poland, and Russia } for we never hear of any Swedes and Norwegians attending the Ger- man fairs, such as Leipzig, Frankfort, and others, for the sake of making purchases of British goods; and although solitary nistances such as an individual purchasing for his private use, may have occurred, yet we never see it publicly stated, that such or such a fair has turned out a good or a bad one, because Swedes and Norwegians have or have not attended it ; but because Russians, Poles, and Prussians, were either found, forward or remiss in at- m s 19] Timber and Deal Trade. 28d tending and purchasing at those fairs. When therefore evidence has been given from which the conclusion has been drawn, that considerable portions of British goods are consumed in Sweden and Norway which are annually introduced in those countries through the channel of the German fairs, I think I may take de- cidedly upon myself to state, that such cannot, and has not been the case ; for it would be ridiculous for the Swedes and Norwe- gians to purchase British goods in the interior of Germany, and subject themselves to a number of charges, additional freight, and local duties, when they can have the goods direct from England with a saving of at least from 25 to 30 per cent. From all this it dearly follows,that if Prussia and Russia are crippled and restricted in their export trade to this country, whereby they become less able to take those goods from off the hands of their countrymeni n the interior j as also from the more remote nations, who resort to the shipping ports with the view of first disposing of their own goods, and then taking British goods in return, (for the Polish, Russian, and Prussian landholders do not dispose of their wood merely to clear the land, as does the Canadian settler, but to make a revenue out of it, which in many instances consists of the whole of their income) it follows of course, that in the first place the direct shipments for the consumption of British goods in Prussia and Russia must be crippled in the same degree *, and in the next place that the Poles, Russians, and Prussians, cannot at- tend the German fairs for the purchase of British goods (which again affects the indirect shipments by way of Germany, Holland, and Flanders,) because the means do not only fail them to pay for those goods, (for if they cannot dispose of their own produce, wherewith are they to purchase foreign goods ?) but they will by- degrees accustom themselves to dispense with British goods alto- gedier, and put up with an equivalent of home manufactures ; although perhaps of inferior make and substance, yet not without answering the immediate purpose ; and sure enough with that cer- tainty that the best made English article, even witL great sacrifice in price, will not hereafter be capable of so easily dislodging then the prejudice in favor of home manufactures, as it is difficult at present for the home manufacturer to dislodge the prejudice gene- rally entertained in favor of British goods in those countries.' I beg leave only to add here, that the British exports by way of Germany, Holland, and Flanders, have amounted since the peace, on an average to aboyt eleven millions of pounds sterling annually, ' What Buonaparte therefore, if I may express myself so, was not enabled to accomplish with all his decrees, England will bring upon herself, by her own iuits, in restricting and crippling general trade with the Continent. VOL. XVllI. Pam, NO. XXXV. T 990 Statement on the present [14 li ^li li^ll of which the Prussians, FoleS) and Russians, may fairly be con- sidered consumers to at least three fourths of that amount, (for they have not yet, as most of the Germans have done, leagued together and bound themselves to abstain from, the use and con- sumption of all British goods, however likely it may be that ne- cessity and their empty purses will at last league and bind them 'together to follow a similar course if the policy of England should will it so,) and if these three fourths be added to what England exports direct to the Russian and Prussian ports. Great Britain will find to possess in those nations, a regular customer to the amount of between eleven *nd twelve millions of pounds sterling annually, which indeed ought to carry so much additional weight, in considering what is necessary to keep so important and benefi- cial a trade to this country upon liberal and reciprocal terms with those nations. I shall now state in what manner the British shipping interest may or may not be affected by the shipping of Northern Europe, in case their trade to Great Britain were to be increased, and that to the British American possessions less encouraged, as has been the case of late. Norway and Sweden have invariably carried on their trade in their own shipping, and were also to a great extent the carriers for other nations. Russia possesses very little shipping of her own, and the whole extent of her trade with Great Britain is nearly, if not entirely, carried on by British shipping. Prussia, owing to the extent of her former shipping, was enabled to carry perhaps the greater part of her more valuable produce, such as grain, seeds, &c. in her own shipping to foreign countries, and left her timber trade, with very few exceptions, to be conducted entirely by ships of foreign nations, among which England posr sessed the greatest share, as being the greatest purchaser of her tim- ber, deals, and staves. During the war, Prussia lost almost the whole of her shipping, and to maintain that she will one day or other rebuild that shipping, is, under the present state of Euro- pean navigation, totally out of all question. Neither do prudence and policy recommend Prussia ever again to possess a great mer- cantile fleet. She cannot build her ships of so cheap a material as fir-wood, as is the case in Norway and Sweden i for if she build at all, she must do it with the view of carrying more valuable and heavy cargoes over sea, such as grain, seeds, &c., being the natu> ral produce of her country, and which requires particularly a stout, strong, and oak-built vessel, as upon inferior built ships not only an insurance might be difficult to be effected, but they would also render the cargoes extremely liable to get damaged. Norway, on the contrary, wants a mere wooden box in the shape of a abip, 15] Timber and Deal Trade, m to keep together and carry her woodeil cargO) which never sinkiij (and others she does not possess) to the opposite coast ; and this she effects almost without any risk, waiting the turn of fair wind and wtather, while ships from the Baltic ports are exposed to far greater danger and almost any kind of weather. Besides, Prussia must import all her iron, tar, and pitch, from Sweden, consequent- ly from her own competitor in ship-building, and these items form no inunaterial addition to the expense of building ships ; it thence arises that Prussia cannot build ships at all in competition with the other nations. In the next place she cannot navigate them at any thing Uke the expense other nations do, and particularly as cheap as England does } for the very heavy additional dues under sundry denominations, such as lights, pilotages, &c. paid on fo« reign ships in England, above what British ships pay, act as a com- plete prohibition from interfering with the British shipping in- terest, and although Norway pays these additional dues also, yet many are the advantages which *he again possesses over the Baltic shipping. One other serious obstacle, to which the Prussian shipping is exposed, is the difficulty of procuring a sufficiency of expert sailors to navigate her ships, and the consequent exorbitant pay she has to make, even to unexperienced men : for Prussia not making sea-fishing a branch of herjtrade, as do Norway, Holland, and Sweden, it cannot be expected that seafaring men are to be met with in that abundance as is the case in those countries. Hence also the difficulty described in the evidence, of managing and navigating her ships with that ease as other nations do, who by nature as it were are born to become seafaring men. The British shipping interest cannot therefore have any thing to ap- prehend from the Prussian and Russian shipping, but on the con- trary has every thing to hope from an enlivened trpde with those countries. Much otherwise however is the case as it regards Norway and Sweden ! These countries being in possession of all the materials for ship-building themselves, and in the general habit of building their ships of the cheapest articles, such as fir-wood, &c. because the woods they have to carry do not require a stronger built vessel \ are thus enabled to raise at any time any number of ships at less than half fhe price at which any other nation can ac- complish it ; and as they have always fishermen and sailors enough, who while at home earn but a miserable living, and will there- fore readily embrace the offer of going to sea even at half the pay which other nations allow their sailors, no doubt can be enter- tained but that Norway and Sweden will at all times employ their own shipping in preference, and carry their countries* produce to England and elsewhere, exclusively in their own ships, whenever opportunity offers : indeed I think it is a matter of law and re- HH fG9 292 m Statement on the present ik striction in Sweden, to ship in any other but Swedi^ built vessels, some of the produce of that country ; and although it appears by the official returns, as if Norway did still employ some British shipping, (even that number being only as one to six, td what Prussia employs of British tonnage,) yet I rather think that these are Norwegian built vessels under British colors, and most likelv captured and resold to them during the war. . ^fj y^r^ When, therefore, the British ship-owners are under great appre- hensions that they would loose at once that employ for their snips which they possess at present in the timber trade from Canada j they are not wrong in their conclusion, as regards Norway and Sweden : — for if Government should determine to alter the present duties on European wood, so a& to regulate them on deals, for instance, according to their lengths and cubical contents, a decided preference would thereby be given to Norway and Sweden, and which preference those countries would soon exercise not only over the British North American possessions but also over Prussia and Russia, and thereby hurt the British shipping interest mate- rially. For it admits of no doubt whatever, that under such cir- cumstances Norway is able and would not scruple forthwith to inundate this country with her deals and timber brought here in her own shipping and under every advantage, so as to exclude all other nations : for I need only ^efer to the official returns of what Norway was competent to accomplish even in the face of these high duties, when in the year 1810 she exported to this country 72,384 loads of timber and upwards of 40,000 great stand- arts of deals, ends, and battens, being twice the quantity she has been in the habit of supplying this country with, on an average for the last 20 years f and how soon would she not double and triple these exports to which the vicinity of her country, as well as her whole situation, fully entitle her, if she could do so with such an advantage to herself and to her shipping interest, and also with so decided a preference over all other countries, even the British North American possessions not excepted, the more as their timber and deals come nearest in quality to the Norwegian timber and deals, and must therefore suffer most in sale when the markets are kept overstocked by importations from Norway. Nothing of the kind, however, have the British ship-owners to ap- prehend from Prussia and Russia ; on the contrary it will fully appear, that not only the whole of the British shipping, which by any regulation in the timber duties in favor of those countries (and which would be in favor of Norway and Sweden too) might be thrown out of employ from the Canada trade, would find a full aild more profitable employ in the Prussian and Russian ports, but that also any overplus of British shipping now totally unemployed, would find it a profitable business to r jort to those countries and %h timber and Deal Trade. 293 surely find employ if the trade with those nations were to be rein- stated to their former situation :— By the official returns it appears, that the British shipping employed in the trade with the NoTtn American posfessions consisted of the following tonnage, viz. irt 1814, 81,93:/ J in 1815, 14-5,449; in 1816,180,391} in 1817, 190,520 i in 1818, 266,695 ; an, in 1819, 351,488 tons, of which however a considerable number traded to Newfoundland and Cape Breton, from whence no wood, or hardly any, is exported to thiscountry, and therefore had their cargoes made up of other goods ; the same might be said to be the case, to some extentat least, as regards Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, which will always re- main sure employ to the British shipping. However, the above calculation of British tonnage divested of this portion of sure employ, and also divested of that extraordinary number of ships sent out in the two latter years, namely 1818 and 1819, evidently with the view of bringing away as much timber as possible, (the general belief leading to the expectation of a duty being to be laid on North American timber) will allow me to state fairly when I say, that if Government should consider it to be the interest of this country to impose a duty on the importation of all American timber, the utmost reduction of the British shipping employed in that trade would not amount to above one hundred thousand tons annually ; for if I allow the progressive increase of tonnage em- ployed from 1814 to 1817 to have been called for in consequence of a regular and steady increase in the trade of the British Ame- rican possessions, and take 200,000 tons of shipping annually as the maximum of the utmost wants which that country might re- quire, in a regular and not a ruinous trade, (as has been the case of late) it will appear that on the average the overplus of tonnage employed in 1818 and 1819 consisted only of 109,091 tons per annum. Now if the British American possessions found a regu- lar trade in timber, such as they had between 1814 and 1817, (being also the period subsequent to the peace with the North of Europe) answer their purpose much better, and by which they were gradually increasing their exports to this country with profit to themselves and with profit to the ship-owner, and supplied this country at the rate of 100,655 loads of timber annually (as will appear from the official returns to have actually been the case); why should they be any longer encouraged to stretch beyond their - reach, to draw forth the United States timber with a view of de- frauding the British revenue, and to ruin themselves and the British ship-owners too, when increasing their exports of timber to even more than double that regular quantity of their former supplies, as Has been done in 1818 and 1819, in which two years they ex- ported to this country at the rate of 226,284 loads of timber per annum ? And this not because it is a profitable trade to them- 294 Statement on the pres&tl [W 'I' selves (for it appes^-s in evidence that the net prdceeds of that timber, deducting freight and charges in England, amount to fitis shillings and four-pence per load only, and are even less at thn present moment, consequently to barely as much as the expense of putting it on board the ships in the American ports will come to, and which causes them a loss of upwards of twenty shillings on every load of timber) ; nor because it is a profitable business to the ship-owner in employing his ships upon such voyages (for I defy any man to prove that by 21. 75. 6d. or even by 3/. per'load freight on timber from Quebec, he can so much as pay his way, much less clear any thing for wear and tear or occasional repairs^ and without which his ship is unfit to proceed to sea '.—besides, if at times obliged when meeting with no employ for his ship at thosFor, independent of the advantage which Norway has abore all other nations, in converting the tree into deals at a chespel* rate, (while in Canada and even in Prussia and Russia, the. tr«8 is loaded with heavy expenses previous to reaching the plaod where it is to be manufactured into deals), and also her superiority over Prussia, Russia, and Canada, in sending the deals in ner own shipping to England, at a comparative small expense and reduced freights j yet, so decidedly favorable is the situation of her country, that at any period of the year she can have a command over the Brirish markets, and overstock them with deals to the exclusion and great injury of all other nations ; and as particularly almost all buildings in this country, are contracted for and commenced upon in the former part of the year, she would be enabled to pout into the British markets, soon after the commencement of the year> such quantities of deals, (taking advantage of the current selling prices which would always ensure her a benefit), as not only to satisfy that demand long before her more remote competitors could work themselves out of a hard frozen navigation, but would also have caused by the time they might be enabled to arrive here with their goods, a considerable reduction in price, so as to deprive them of every prospect of disposing of their goods without incur- ring a considerable loss } and this repeated once, twice, or thrice, in the commencement and fall of the year, would soon convince the Canadian, as well as Prussian and Russian deal merchant, that if would be useless to compete with Norway any longer under such decided advantages which she would have over them, and that ic would be much better to consider the capital invested in thoss' expensive establishments for converting timber into deals at once as totally lost, than increase that loss annually by an additional capital laid out in the purchase of the raw article, out of which the ][>urchase money and subsequent expenses could never be realized. The capital so vested in these divers establishments for the manufacturing of deals forms indeed a very important sum too, which in itself requires mature consideration, for it would appear that the British American settlers are considered to have laid out upwards of 150,000^. sterling, in saw-mills and their dependent requisites; while to Prussia, it would cause a total loss of about one million and a half, and to Russ:a much about the same, besides what the loss of trade and consequent sacrifices would amount to in addition to the aforesaid total loss, and which would far outweigh that sum stated to be owing by Norway for bad debts of some years standing. ' From this then it also follows, that in regard to the following question) put by the Lords' Committee, as per page 24f, « Is 2M Statement oh the present [22 '^ there anf fair reason why the other northern powers shouM have a comparative advantage over Norway in the scale of duties ?" that question ought in fairness to have been answered in the affirmative, and not in the negative I For not only that Prussia and Russia hav« to pay from 50 to 75 per cent higher freights than Norway does, but they have also to pay more than double the insurance she might have to be at if not saved, (for in fact she seldom pays any insurance at all, being generally saved owing to the quick passages her ships are enabled to make) besides many other extra expenses Russia and Prussia are exposed to — such as Sound-dues, additional light dues, pilotages, &c., when coming through the Sound and all along the Swedish and Norwegian coasts } all of which Norway knowsy and pays nothmg. The greater breadth therefore in the Prussian and Russian deah over those of Norway, consisting of about one sixth, would not be any thing like an equivalent for all the additional disbursements enumerated above, if the advantage on the greater average lengths of Prussian and Russian deals were not in some respects to compensate for those additional charges and expenses. Besides, the vicinity cf Norway has so decided an advantage over Prussia and Russia, (and also in a greater degree over Canada too) that the ships of Norway may perform with ease, forwards and backwards, from 9 to 10 voyages annually) and thus sail at much lower freights ; whilst two, tnree, and four voyages to the utmost, dan only be completed from the Baltic in the course of the season. Again, Norway has that advantage over Prussia, Russia, and Canada, that she need never start with her cargoes for England, until she receive advice of higher or rising prices in the British markets, and which may reach her in the course of one week, so as always to give her the benefit of that advice; while Prussia, Russia, and Canada, are chiefly govern- ed in their shipments by the season, in which they must complete them, be the prices good or bad in England, or otherwise be shut out from sending their goods at all to this country. Nor has this country ever acted otherwise but on the liberal principle, that the Baltic ports should have that preference over the nearer situated countries which in justice is due to them, owuig to the greater distance, the shorter season for completing their shipments, and the many extra expenses, trouble, and risk to which they are exposed, and of which their nearer situated competitors know and fear nothing. If a farther illustration of this fact be necessary, I need only refer to the last act of Parliament, restricting the free impor- tation of corn, in which it is stipulated, that the Baltic ports should enjoy a period of three months before the act is to be enforced against them i while the nearer ports enjoy that benefit only for sii weeks : the framers of the duties on deals have therefore acted » [22 2S} Thnier and Deal Trade. 299 on the same just and liberal principle^ as has been adopted in tho instance just quoted; it is impossible therefore to harbour the thought that that justness and liberality should now be done away with. But now as regards the revenue : it appears that since the peace the following importations of deals have taken place, taking the average importation of one year as basis, viz : From Norway, Sweden, Russia and Prussia, 1 9,228 GreatStandartfi' * 4,741 ditto. 11,134 ditto,a.8r .'1 35,103 Great Standarti,- Ifinoit.h'i • '• ;I« brju- ♦• !'-; making in toto on which a duty on the average (allowing for British and foreign ships), of 2 U. per great standart, has been received, and come* quently produced annually JE7S7t\63. >ai If the duty on those deals had been paid according to the scale at which the duties on deals arc levied ■■■ .. ' / in Ireland, at present ; and if I take the official report of the Commissioners of Customs as the basis of the different lengths of those deals, the result would have been as follows, viz : Qn 19,228 Norway deals, averaging 12 feet, at the "iy Irish dues of 12/. 10s. ( ! 240,350. :,. B On 4,741 Swedish ditto, length 14 feet, at 14/. 1 Is. 68,981. llf.> On 11,. 34 Russia and Prussia ditto, 16 feet, at 16/. 12s. 184,824. Ssi to \-hI ■ • 'i iii.^ii.br Annual total income c£494,l 55. 19». And thus the revenue would have experienced a deficiency <^ upwards of 240,000/. annually, on the duty of deals alone, taking it in that way of calculation. Now if I consider that this mode of raising the duties, (and were they in future to be calculated on the cubical contents of the deals it would be worse still) would give the deal trade entirely in the hands of Norway, and exclude all other nations from participating therein ; (as is now actually the case in Ireland, to which country formerly a great portion of Prussian deals used to be sent, and which of late and since the new regulation of those duties, is no longer the case,) it would then appear that the above annual quantity of 35,103 great standarts of deals, instead of being imported from all the northern nations each according to about their present share, would in future be supplied by Norway alone, thus yielding to the revenue of this country, as oa twelve feet average length at the new regulated duty of 12/. 10*. per great standart only 438,787/. lOs. and cause a greater defi- ciency still, namely to the amount of 300,000/. per annum. I am 800 Statement on the present [24 im { .!» til i:i m f! I sure the Chancellor of Jie Exchequer >vill not overlook so serious ao object, with which he certainly is threatened in case any regu- lation on the deal duties as recommended by the Lords' Committee^ were to take effect. That Norway is fully competent to supply this country not only with 35,103 great srandarts of deals annually, but even to go considerably beyond that quantum if her interest requires it, I have fully proved already j nor would the argument hold good, that wherever a 16, 18, or 20 feet deal, (which Norway cannot supply) is to be made use of, ?. 12 feet would not answer ; generally speaking this would ht correct, but it so happens that most if not all the building purposes, such as the flooring of houses and the like, as alsc all other work, can be accomplished with the use of 12 feet deals alone, although the greater length certainly, if applied in many instances would give an additional value if not also greater strength to the building. Finally, the Lords' Committee have also recommended that, with a view of removing the impediment from the employment of British capital in saw-mills established in this country, the duty on foreign deals should at least be made equivalent to that on timber in the log — which in fact implies that a still greater duty should be imposed on foreign deals according to their cubical contents ; and that the larger sized deals should pay at a propor- tionate greater rate to what they do at present. Having said so much already upon this subject, as regards the comparative trade in the shorter deals from Norway and the longer deals from Prussia and Russia, I need here but add, that the more the article of the two latter countries is burthened, the less benefit will England derive from it, and the surer will be the effect of excluding them altogether and giving the trade entirely to Norway. But with regard to the expediency of giving British capital employed in saw-mills, an additional advantage to what it already possesses, I hof :^ to be indulged to say a few words on that head, and particnlarly to set the gentleman's notions right, who seems the first that has started upon this subject. The advantage which the British saw-mills and sawyers already possess, is (independent of forming the timber into the divers smaller sizes as requisite for building purposes), chiefly to convert the 3 inch plank into the sundry smaller sorts of deals ; such as from half a!i inch, to one inch and ahalf thickness, as required for almost all works and buildings in this country : and this is certainly no small advantage, for be it remembered that for very few purposes indeed a 3 inch plank is used in the state it comes from abroad, whereas I may truly say that full four fifths of the whole importation of 3 inch plank are converted into smaller deals ; and although no prohibition exists, why these kind of thinner deals should not also be imported from abroad, yet the 4 ■'I y-^. [24 25] Timber and Deal Tirade, aoi duty thereon is so high as to act like a prohibition, and anjr quantity coming from abroad would cause more than a total loss of ' he capittff. But when the gentleman alluded to thinks that by excluding the itti- portation of foreign three inch plank altogether, (for an extraordinary high duty thereon would certainly act as a total prohibition,) this country and his saw-mills would benefit in having the timber, or perhaps the tree, brought here in its original state, by him to ht Converted into deals, surely he would, even if such were pocsibl« to be accomplished, find himself very much puzzled how to go about it, and wonderfully differing from his present calculations. — The timber as now brought to this country (and from the mere appearance of which that gentleman most likely has formed his ideas upon the subjects) is hewn and squared in the forests, accord- ing to the straightness and soundness of the tree, b*. ' iiot accord- ing to what is technically called, the grain, or rent, or heartshake of the wood ; and thus it happens too frequently, that out of a hun- dred pieces, apparently the finest timber in the world, not ten pieces will answer the purpose of being converted into a smaller description of deals •, for wherever that rent or heartshake happens to run differently from the squaring of the piece, (and in most in- stances, and particularly in long pieces of wood, it takes quite a dif- ferent direction from what it apparently is on one end of the tree,) as sure will all the deals rent, shiver, and shake (as it is called|here) into pieces, the moment they get dry and seasoned. It woirid therefore require a greater capital, and a greater stock of timber, as any man might possess, and found willing to load himself with, for the mere purpose of picking a few pieces, apparently an- swering his views to convert them into deals, so as to keep his saw- mills regularly going ; nor would the advantage on these deals be at all adequate to the trouble and the loss, which he would have to sustain in disposing of the rest of the whole, and broken up pieces of timber, not answering his purpose. All those trees not perfectly straight, evidently unsound or otherwise defective, are conveyed in their original state to the sundry places, where saw-mills are established abroad, md wher/ it often happens that the purchaser of those trees meets with a great proportion of rotten, ana other- wise perfectly useless stuff, which in many instances is hardly good enough for fire- wood. Would then that gentleman recommend that theso trees, with all their defects, unsoundness, and offal upon them, should be ' ipped to England, and incur heavy expenses, a heavy duty, and perhaps double and triple the freight to what other straight and squared timber would do ? And would he find his account by such a purchase, when after divesting the tree of all the ofFal and rotten parts, (for although the people abroad are pretty good judges of sound and rotten timber, yet they would 802 Statement on the present [26 I ' !l have to learn from him how to distinguish whether such and such tree with the bark on, is sound or defective,) perhaps not one third or one fourth thereof would be found to produce a sound and useful deal, and consequently on two thirds or three fourths of waste, an enormous duty and a high freight, &c. would have been expended, that might not even sell for fire-wood in this country ? I think that gentleman would, after a little experience, be sufficiently convinced that the tree in its original state would neither be the thing he could conveniently meddle with ! ■, ^-^ But then, says that gentleman from the north : ye Prussians and Russians, do all these jobs for us- cut away all the rotten parts, divest the tree from all the ofFal and defects, and bring us the log of wood in a perfect state, so as to be fit for being put into our saw-mills ; ye may keep all tlie rotten parts and ofFal to yourselves, and we will pocket the profit, which the sound and serviceable part of the tree is sure to give us. To this I answer, that with exactly the same loss, labor, and expense, with which the tree can be disencumbered of its unsound and defective parts, and formed into a useful log of wood, so as to meet that gentleman's views, with the same loss, labor, and expense, can the log be at once con- verted into three inch plank abroad, and become thus still more use- ful to that gentleman j for even the log of wood so prepared is not always free from all defects, and often produces unsound and bad planks. His observation about the comparative duty on oak-plank and oak-timber, does not exactly bear upon this case ; for if I com- prehend the meaning of the duties on oak-wood rightly, they were increased chiefly to encourage the growth of the native oak, so. as in time of war to be independent of foreign countries; nor is there any great consumption of foreign oak plank, beyond what the navy of this country requires. Government therefore have to pay the duty on o^k plank with one hand what the Exchequer receive with the other hand. I am sure that on mature reflection, that gentleman ¥nll do me the justice to al^ow that my arguments in this respect are perfectly correct, and that it neither can be expedient nor ad- vantageous to this country to take more upon herself than she really is capable of managing. Live and let others live, is a common but a true saying ! The converting of the S inch plank, as imported irom abroad, and the sawing up of the American timber, (for which purpose, and not for the converting of European timber into smaller deals, I rather think that gentleman's saw-mills to have been esta- blished, when taking advantage of the great increase of duties on European wood,) are sufficient objects to engage tlie industry of all the sawyers, and to employ all *^he saw-mills of Great Britain ; and if more were to be conceded to them, the public that consumes and has consequently to pay for those articles, would soon feel the ill consequences of a growmg monopoly. I v^^ [26 27] Timber and Deal Trade. 308 I have now arrived to that state of tjie question in which it would be proper> in ray humble opinion, to consider the best mode of raising the duty on foreign wood articles^ and to what extent theae duties had best be levied. % I think that any reduction in the present scale of duties, would not only materially affect the revenue, but also becon^e of very serious consequences, when considered ♦hat property to an hn- mense extent has been vested in houses a..i buildings of every de- scription, and that property of this kind would not be the proper object of a greater reduction, as *he depression thereon is felt already very seriously, owing to the cheaper rate at which labor and other materials have been had under late and present circumstances, to what they were formerly. Taking then as basis, that the present duties raised on European timber, deals, staves, and all other descrip* tions of wood, were to be levied upon exactly the same footing and under the same regulations as heretofore, and those on European deals now levied in Ireland, to be placed on the same rate as raised in England j and if a reasonable duty such as to bring the differ- ence of freight between Canada and the Baltic ports, upon a nearer scale of equality, (the difference being at present as 1/. 12s. Gd., and 21. in freight, to 3/. 5s. per load, in duty on European timber) say about twenty shillings per load, were to be levied in future on the importation of timber, (and on oak staves in the same proportion) from the British American possessions, partly as a matter of revenue to this country and partly to discountenance the system of defraud* ing that revenue by the introduction of the United States timber duty free ; (provided, however, bis Majesty's Government do not consider it more advisable to allow the American timber in future still to be imported duty free, or against payment of a more moderate duty, such as ten shillings per load, and relieve the European t'-^^er in the same degree, namely, twenty shillings in the former, and ten shillings per load in the latter instance,) I humbly say, if this were the case, I think that his Majesty's Government would amply rct- deem that pledge given at the time of imposing the temporary war duties on wood, and satisfy the expectations which have been held out all along to the Northern States, to relieve them from a part of tliat extreme pressure under which they have been labor- ing hitherto, and which in the end would be found beyond the ca- pability of carrying on trade altogether. I might as well make the remark here, that with a view of enabling the British ship- owner to build ships in competition with other nations, and parti- cularly with Norway, Sweden, and Holland, it would materially forward his object, if the duty on oak plank, and also on deck deals (being that description of deals above 20 feet long) were to be somewhat lowered. No country but Prussia produces particu- '<»'?♦*■• ■f- !:; •• ,i ill •) :::tl I m 90^>M t / Timber and Deal Trade. [28 larljr the deck deals *, the revenue derived therefrom il extremely trivial> they pay at present doubly in duty, to what other dealt pay, namely, Bll. 9s. 2d. in British ships, and 521. 16s. 2d. in fo- ,' reign ships, the 120 pieces ; and if that duty were to be reduced by about one third, it would certainly materially benefit the Bri- tish shipping interest and lessen considerably the expense of build* ing ships in this country. I beliieve I have gone throughout the whole of the most objec- tionable parts (as taken by the opposing interest of this country) with a view of proving the advantage to retain the present duties on European wood, and of imposing a duty of 20 shillings per load on American timber. (Staves to pay in the same proportion.) To speak fairly, I think Canada deals cannot bear a duty vet, if they are successfully to compete with Norwegian deals. I farther think I have also established satisfactorily, that many of the objections to this measure rest on very erroneous foundations, and that others will correct themselves the moment this measure will be put in > 11 c^eration and made to bear upon all the conflicting interests. Let it also be remembered that of all the nations now suffering m respect of the restrictions put on their trade, Prussia is the nation that suffers most ; (though she at the same time is the most liberal of any nation, as respects her commercial code, and the trade in J^ri- rish goods,) for she has not only lost totally her once valuable and important linen trade, and feals at present the effects of the re- strictive com laws, more than any other nation does ; but also two thirds of her former timber trade, and nearly one half of her stave tvade are lost perhaps beyond recovery ; to bear therefore still harder upon her with any new regulations, so as to give other powers greater advantage over her trade, that have no call for them ; or not to relieve Prussia, if such can be done even with advantage to. England, would be inderd to lose sight of all that liberality and iaiT reciprocity in trade, which has distinguished this country above all other nations. Whatever Parliament and Government in its wisdom should de- cide upon, there can be only one universal desire, that such may be determined upon at once, so that the present feverish and un- certain state of trade may at length be brought to a settled, and if it should be so, to a happy conclusion. Londorif the Srd of February, 1821, END OF NO. XXXV. W^'^ rn Annuities for 25 Years, 1795, which > ceased 1st May, 1819 . . . . ) II. per Ct. on Stock created A". 1797 . Charges of Management . . . . . LOANS TO THE PRINCE REGENl' OF PORTUGAL. SI. per Cent. Reduced Annuities Towards the Redemption .... Charges of Management .... 7,502,633 896,522 895,522 Great Britain Germany ....... Portugal Total Amount of Funded Debt of~l the United Kingdom payable in ^ Great Britain j PAYABLE IN IRELAND. 31. 10s. per Cent. Debentures and Stock 41. per Cent, ditto 51. per Cent, ditto Charges of Management estimated . Life Annuities estimated .... Annual Grant, 37 Geo. III. . . . Annuities expired By various Loans and Treasury Bills Total Amount of Funded Debt of^ the United Kingdom payable in S Ireland j Total Amount of Funded Debt of) the United Kingdom .... J 1,203,187,582 7,502,633 895,522 1,211,585,738 21,436,865 1,061,630 12,828,712 35,327,209 1,246,912,917 9 15 2,479,437 677,039 677,930 99,709,935 2,479,487 .677,989 102,867,311 5 4 10 11 7,035,255 163,338 7,198,593 110,065,905 11 14 •i 5,834,382 5,834,382 10 10 2 6 5,834,382 i. .. . 0: 0: 11: In the Year ended 5th January, 1821, the following Sums, being transferred from Great Britain to Ireland, are deducted from the funded Debt of Great Britain and added to the funded Debt of Ireland, viz. : — 3/. per Cent. Consols . . 2,000 ; 31. 10s. per Cent. Annuities 210,650 51. per Cent, ditto . . . 74,366 ; The following Sums, being transferred in the Year ended 5th January, 1821, to Ireland from (ireat Britain, are an addition to the funded Debt of Ireland, and deducted from the funded Debt of Great Britain, viz. : — 3/. lOs. per Cent. Annuities 212,507 : 3 : 4 51. per Cent. Annuities . 74,366 : 11 : Amount of Unfunded Debt in Exchc«|Uer Bills outstanding on ti I iA- ■i C\ I { il * ** *- ^ -*^ -T*M>- jS>u»->t .tJ »m i . AN ACCOUM of till- PUBLIC FUNDED DEBT ••»•: PAYABLE in GREAT BRrrAL\. life Annuitiea payable at Uie Eichc(|uer Bank of England fioutli Sea Company Clilef Cashier of ditto A°. 1751 . . . Ii. p?r CenL Consolidated Annuities . il. per Cent. Reduced Annuities 3{. 10s. per Cent. Annuities .... 41. per (^nt. Consoliditted Annuities . 6/. per Cent Consolidated Annuities . U. per Cent. Annuities A°. 1797 & 1802 • 51. perC'.Ann'.fornicrly paid in Ireland 8/. per CenL Annuities A". 1720 . . LongCons"* Bank Ann* to expire A". IWiO Annuities for 10 Years, expired A°. 1797 For Redemption by Act 20 (leo. III. , Ditto ditto 42 ueo. Ill, . Ditto by various AclJ from 1st Feb. ) 1798, to 6th .Tan. 1820 . . . ) Ditto 48,000,000/. in F.xclicqucr | Bills, by Act 69 Geo. in. can. J dmrgss of Management of Uni<>. Debt Total of Public Debt as originally P'undcd. £. 14,080 24,003 1,910 509,207 378,131 22,845 82,732 135,042 1,021 1,717, 1,000, 800 ,084 ,000 ,744 ,452 ,890 ,119 ,057 ,908 870 000 •V. im/i.^l ji. JX>ANS TO THE EMPEROR ' - 8/. per Cent; AftniifmS ' ; ' . A°. 1705 Dltl6 J •. ; .• . . . 1797 Annuities for 25 Years, 1796, which ceased 1st May, 1819 .... U. per Ct. on Stock creMed 1797 . Charges of Management .... LOANS TO THE PRINCE REGENT OF PORTUGAL. 3!. per Cent. Reduced Annuities . . Towards the Redemption .... Charges of Management Great Britain Germany Portugal ...... Total Amount of Funded Debt the United Kingdom payable Great Britain PAYABLE IN IRELAND 31. 10s. per Cent. Debentures and Stock 41. per Cent ditto Si. per Cent, ditto Charges of Management estimated . . Life Annuities esUmated Annual Grant, 87 Geo. TIT Annuities expired By various Loans and Treasury Bills Total Amount of Funded Debt the United Kingdom payable Ireland '] Total Amount of Funded Debt of \ tlie I'niled Kingdom . . . . < 1,172,870,699 'V;<;, ■»■■■' 3,833,333 3,009,300 7,502,633 895,522 895,622 1,172,370,.'j99 7,602,033 896,523 1,180,709,754 21,224,501 1,001,680 13,764,840 36,040,478 sU. l3Jlli 101 17 12 lis m 8 OJ 2 a Debt Redeemed and Debt W^usfer- standing in the red to the Names of the Com missioners for Ihe Reduction of Ihe National Debt. £. 7,748,100 107,000 42,321,920 70,810,497 3,730,800 21,201 23,334 0,402 299 18 10 7 2 9 1 8 .1 3 3 8 3 11 Ii 9 10 7 124,849,075 2,320,829 2,330,829 607,147 007,147 124,849,075 2,320,820 007,147 127,777,661 6,183,919 163,838 6,347,257 184,124,909 5,377,984 Conimuitloners for Lif. An- nuities aayabji at the Sank. 3,306,834 l,814,61t 20 89, ,IT1 i,7W| 5,277.38« I 5,27T,S8< : 5,277,38(1 Debt Cancelleil by Rederni)tion of Land-Tax. £. 14,322.903 ll,313,:i24 25,030,317 25,630,317 23,636,317 25,080,317 19 s. (/. 19 19 l!i Debt Cancelled and the Funds thereof charged with new Loans, as j)er Acts 6» & 54 Geo. Ill, cap. 96 & 3. 3,994,000 933,000 79,414,392 159,439,006 7,790,400 142,000 180,290 251,010,154 251,919,154 251,019,164 2,000,228 271,846 1,538,909 3,870,983 6 255,790,188 s. P'"'" P|'|'l'e?ble to the Jledemption of Debt; TotM Charge of Debt, lie in Lircat Britain. And Ihe Amount payal>le in Ireland. i9<*«4i 5 (> 7 "^H 9 10 11 Debt Cancelled and Interest on iit Atiuullics Ihe FuihIb thereof Debt Debt standing pa ible on Ci^l. 3. Interest Sums * charged with new llnredeeiiied in tho Names t <1 ulber .\ii- (in Debt appli^ublj' to llle lotnl Charge Loans, usjHT Acts 63 & 34 Geo. Ill, and due (o the of the 1 lilie* forfnlng Unredeonicd lledeiuptTon of Dehl. j'ublic Creditor. Commissioners, Mi of Dl'bt as per Col. 0. of Debt. cap. US & S. as per Col. 2. Sc 3. [iiredeeiitert. N. (/. £. a. (/. £. 14,680,800 .. ,». £. «. >l. £. * 18,840 U (1. £. 1 410,604 . d. 106,752 12 Id. 7 £. < 136.602 7 410,601 d. •li 3,3,00« 790,600 5,010 . 23,988 5,010 28,99V 10 9 T0,414,3(n 31)9,781,601 18 'OJ 1,370,662 14 n I iJJl,275 t 11,003,448 1 2^ l,370,6fiV 14 n 12.464,1 10 IS 3} H U 150,43U,00« 134,753,949 1 2 2,178,753 7 4,012,618 t .VI 2,178,753 7 6 0,221,871 K lU . 19,00.>,096 3 11 131,278 . . (i68,328 ■ *\ 131,278 700,606 ; 41 7,7'.10,100 74,888,281 15 1,897 9 10\ • ' ^ • 2,995,«3I i ii 1,897 104 2,907,428 it 3t 142,000 134 ,800,0) 14 7 I 4,654 13 M . . 6,740,348 » ^ 4,654 la 1', 6,745,002 n 51 . i,oi.>,6nu 3 323 2 63 . 50,775 ) M 323 2 51 61,008 8| 71 1 180,206 U 4 1,. 137^80 » 9 . 7-6,879 2i . 76,879 n\ . 999,700 19 H lU 5 . 29,991 7 8 1(1 3 30,000 , . . Mil,U93 1 » 44 . . 8,342 t 4 1,S,-.9,135 18| 81 1 . . 25,000 25,000 . . 1 ,000,000 1,000,000 • . . . . 200,000 200,000 • • • 10,856,513 1; H 10,856,513 17 5) 1 . . . . t ^ . 430,000 430,000 VJ (I . . . 9 4 • ■ • 5 wi «J • • • 5 si • • • 5 54 16,551,640 - § 351,275 1 1 104 3 274,206 1 5 31 )lli 251,910,154 704,688,065 3,925,031 6 l,t80,«43 26,532,201 44,738,091 1 Deduct Life Annuities payable a per ^ol. t. . . Total spplica ale to tW lRcd(*ni})ilo kodiDebtWorea t Britpin ... . . 10,200,304 1 t^ » * . 3.833,333 , 8 « . -k... IW.OOOl ■ ", *, ' , ' ' 1 < .1 • \u.m • l,iii,iiO 17 09,624 17 33 _ i 40,154 2 6i 60,624 I r 53 110,079 . I ' 'V . 36,603 36,093 — - • • — • • • ' 17 8 5| 2 • • • • 2 6J 5 3i • • . 2 1,701 I B 3 5 3 3 5J . . . 5,181,804 3 7 8 9 «9,6-.>4 • 155,454 106,317 r 18,214 ( 263,533 1 * . 288,376 18,214 8,651 26,865 1 . . . . 30,000 30,000 lU - • — 4 • • • 7 5 9 ^ 2 — ' 2 1 lOi 98 Hi 1 H lllj . . . 288,375 18,214 ■ • ■, • 8,651 5 3} 48,214 56,963 1 u •251,010,154 7fU ,688,065 3,925,031 6 1,319,943 5 3] 26,532,201 16,2110,364 1 44,738,991 1 5,181,804 3 8 69,624 17 H 155,454 2 V,\ 106,»i; 1 ■ H 263,533 1 I 3 111 u • • • 288,376 7 9 18,214 8 12 3 2 • ■ • 5 3| 8,651 5 H 3 3 7 01 48,214 t 2 2 63 i 61 56,903 1 4 H 1 Oi ■ 31 251,010,184 4 770,158,244 17 J} 4,012,870 2 1 ,3!'0,94S 26,696,306 16,354,897 45,059,480 a,oco,2a» 6 2 12,980,353 19 210,437 454,312 216,437 670,74!f 1 271,H4G ■i 1 626,440 3 1 6.533 10 9 25,057 6 11 6,533 1 31,501 7 8 1 ,53S,909 ti 74 11,215,430 18 3' . . . 43,008 1 8 5J 560,771 6 lo:; 62,44.^ 60,616 5 7 6 560,771 1 1.015 43,90h 1 62,445 G6,6ir> OlOi 2 5 8 5} 5 7 (i 6 1 ! 3,870,9»3 24,822,237 8 »5 222,970 1,040,142 632,512 1 16,987,409 1 255,700,1»8 2i 794,980,481 17 4,235,841 1,414.852 27,736,448 46,777,067 ount transmitted from the Coinmis- Ueduction iif the National Debt, in ^ I Stock standing in tlieir Names, Col. arc included the following Capitals^ uities, tlie Dividends upmi which have i aimed for 10 Years and upwards;! 0. Ill, cap. 60. 3/. per Cent. Consols. . . 13!),»05 Ditto lU-duced . . 47,708 Ditto A". 1726 . . 209 , 41. p<'i Cent, Consols , . , 21,261 al. per Cent. Ditto . . , 1»3»4 Ditto A°. 1797 & 1802 0,462 Imperial Annuiliei . ■ . . 360 18 10 : 1 : 7 ; 2; : 9 : 3 Also tlie following 1-ong Annuities, viz. Of Great liritaiu 683 : 8 ; 4 per Annum, And aUo the following Capital which has been purchased with unclaimed Dividends, viz. 3/. per Cent, lioduced . . 394,000 : : And all which Capital Sums are subject to the CUimj of the Parties entitled tlu'reto. chequer Bills outstanding on the Sth day of January, 1820, 36,(03,209<. ipaitmont Kxehequer, 25th March, 1820. An ACCOUNT of Hit INCOME of, anrt CHAlUiE upon iln' CONSOUDATF.U KIM), In ihc \tu fndf.l ilir BlIi Day SS Geo. Ill, cup. 11, and Dutiei (nniiall; gnntcd for llip I^lt>lic Servicr, togethrr wilh thr Tutal AinonnI of AI.I. MOMKS | ■Tanuary, 1880, ditlinguUhing the prupurtion Uirreuf iiiecially appropriated, from that which ii applicable to Ihp Public 8erviru ; ariiing In the Eichrqurri of Orrat Uriuin and Ireland, in the Year ended the 6th Day of January, 1830. CONSOLIDATED FU INCOMK. GREAT BRITAIN. ConKolidated l)K>o from the Iile of Man . . . Permanent A". IHU 'Cuitotni -i Quarantine Duty Surplus Canal and Duck Dnty ... 'IVinporary or War Duty A". 1800 LDittu Aunis IHIO and 1811 t Consolidated ) Uritish SpiriU A». 1800. A . . . . i Ditto IHU ' Foreign Spirits ditto . Coniolidated Anno 1815 Post Office Dulici Consolidated Anno I SOS . . . Assessed Taies ditto 1808 Ditto Arrears of Duties repeated Surplus of Duty annually granted upon Sugar '- Malt, Annual & Adilkinnal — — — Tobacco — — ^— Lnnd-TaionOinrus.andPrasioK, Etcise Slampi t. ,. «r rndnl llic 5lli Day nf ,l«nui>ry, 1S20, I'Vf'lsr. Uri'ir.*, imuliiiinl poi Act ? Totil Amount of AM. MOMKS |iiiicl iiitu llii M«jc»l>'i llotipt of K«rliii|iHr, liriwrai llii' Slli I)«v "f laiiunrv, IHIO, mul Stli Diiy of 1 li »pplicable to the Public Service i containing (ilio on ABSTRACT of the INCOME ami CIIAIUJK ol the CONSOIJDArKI) Kl'MJ fanuary, 1830. CONSOLIDATED FUND. 61 01 8 «i ai Si 8J 10} fi 14 IS to 14 0,210 1,917 J,H30 2,188 Iti i,r>49 16 1,024 i,7(i7 1,744 10 1 1,136 11 — 6 10)1 01 31 1! Interest, jic. on the National I)el>t 9nw» .vmrAiN. , l.lfe AnniiWy M.f5i Kyhducr Annultie* M ^C^W C«Ot' >" >!»! Bank uf Knitlanil DivideuU* lujllH^HHtdiUu tu Uie i'uhlic Credilor^ Uillu . . . ^ M timSluiitli S<'a lluHM! to ditto Cliargt'D of IVtannii^ntent at iliilo on ('npitals of whicli ) tlic I>ividn«i^ Mr,iiDji'a|>ln at ditto J ^Ditto at the lliiik on ditto ~ I /-Sinking Kiinil.iH't Act 2(l.(Jeo, 3. cap. IS a '. '. I Annuities for.Teniw u( Years cipired iwi ditto "''^*;X.'""J«"'''i"KF'''''ltH''iUt4a(i«o.J..ap.7l NoHnnnr I ^'"" "" fwiws Umot siucc 1702 . . . , , J,!", Dividends pd^atild at tlic Bank on Stock redcriued LDitto . . . .; • . SouUi Sea House on ditto , His Majesty's Civil List Tensions fay Act of I'arliauMnt .^ Salaries and Allowances Ity ditty I . ,t Ditto in Courts of Juftioc d . •! f, Mint in Kngland and Scutl^ ttr! • Russian L(jan nuidu in Jlulltj^ ,pfi Ar\ ii Ueo. 3. cap. 116. . • . Conunissioners fur the punjiasc »fi;«> n2,:u.-, 27,l7(l,ir7(: ;I1)T,I7! 12, in: 252,5r>^ 1,0IH),0()II 7U,H8U 200,00(1 10,017,701) 3,in(i,uoc)i«riuei B8U iisucd n«r Act ST Ceo. III. rap. 18, to nmkr gonil the '1 Deficiency of the CuMoU|pl«$ |VMiin the Y«w ended lOthOctoher, 181U,nnd which ^ were paid off prrviuualy to SlltJaaturj, l|i27U IV i.'.,a»7,m3 ,l5fi 1.1,000 120,374 210,000 80,002 46,007, r>7fi 72,880 10,080.104 Id T| nlinuedp.rArtfiU(ioo.3,c.l7 Tenths or tNe Glcjgv ,., ,ju,,„^,.,,,.,,„i,. ... . . . Paymdnti reserved for the Colllttioif of snhdry Dulles . . . Ditto to the Civil List South Sea Duty, per Act 53 (leo. 3. cap. 67 Voluntary Contribution!!, pro AiuiQ 1817 Contributions to I.attcrics ^Viiffp ISIQ, Ditto .'••jm„ Ditto, to Annuilies pet Act48 Ocff. S, ca|>. 28, pro Anno 1818 Ditto • ■ ■ per. (Ullat TOiHtWrinseilarJIng Evcheqiirr Dills Ditto, per Act 50 Geo. 3, caj. 42, for raising 12,000,0001. pro A». I81!l Ditto ditto ca^7I, foiraUiugaLoan of I2,000,000<. ) from tlie Comniissioneni Qi the Tlcduction o{ the National Debt ) Payments by the Chief Cashici of Ar,]]«nk of EDcland, heins; a Sur- plus of 100,000{. therein, en Account of iinnaiiiied Diviilemls, Lottery Prizes, &c. and wkich, pursuant to Act 50 Cico. 3, cap. 7 Cien. .1. ) cap. 34 & 121, for carrying on Public Works anil the I'.niplny- / ment of the Poor * I.and Tas Uedecmcd by Payments in Money and Stock .... Kicheqncr Bills deposited if the Auditor of the Excliequer in ilie ^ respective Offices of the Four Tell«i) of the Receipt of J^xihequer, / pursuant to Act SO tiro. S. Regis, cap. It), in lieu of the like Siim applied for the Public Service out of the (irowing Produce of the i Consolidated Fund , ■ J f 3,56g,79.'>{. lis. was received by ^xclioqucr Bills, pursuant in tin- said Act 5U Geo. 3- cap. 42, . * The Sum of 2,073,0001. 3<. Sd. b«>aa carried to the Consoliilali r, Fund nut of Monies m theExck(qiier,,HO*» »oi constitute a jiarl of t In acliial Receipt uppn tliulFund in the ^car ended ith January, IK'JO. S|.ecully A(n»rnpriHte5,74(l 45,097,302 70,003,132 12 C0^SO)t|t)ATED FUND. Great Britain Ireland . . ^ Sitrpliii Great Britain Ireland . . .11 ff^W UAcr. UNITED KINGDOM. f. 40,080,404 2.3'.M,3,".l 1,857.571 4,251,903 4G,O80,4(i4 2,304,331 48,474,790 14 ■U 9J >n applied in Ireland for Current Public Services of the Yews IHIftand I81U ; and in |mnuanee of Uie said Act, a like Sum is directed which, punuant to Act 57 Gen. 3, cap. 4H, 1,479,9681. Ma Sd. ka< been to carried in the Year endnd nth Jannaiy, 1620 , and the .up il i kill <■ ?partment Exchequer, 25th Miirch, 18SJ0. X I An ArCOI'NT nf tli« I'UHUC H'NDK.I) DKIll' »< the Ukuhi KiNonoM, IHnuUc In lirr»l Ilrilnin, ni ii Muoil on llir Slli .Uiiiiarj in the Namri uf tlir C'»iiiiiil»iuncf!i for ilic Ilcilnctimi of tliv Nitional J)cbt ; Debt lr«ii*fcrrrtl fur tiifc AiiniiUu'n ; Uitbt concellc Yrari IHI3, IMIl, mid IttIS ; Di'bl riiriiliciuril hikI iIiii- tn llin I'ubiic (.'irditor ; liili'n'nt on Uilit il>inliii|i in tin' Nairn's uf llir C H|i|illciilili' tu tliu Krilriii|iliiin "( Drill ; I'lilnl (^liitr|>i' uf Drill, lu which it atldod, un Arcuiint 17DS, toSlh Jan. 1H«1. . .{ Ditto 4l,000,000t. in I'Wclieipier f Bills.by ActlOeo. IV.iHii. HI ) Charges uf Mauageniuut of Vm°, Debt LOANS TO THK KMPl'.UoR OF U£lUlAAi\. U. pi'r Cent. Aoovitics . A°. 1795 Ditto 'T«* Annuities for 26 Years, 1795, which ) ceased Ist Mav, IHIU . . . .) II. per CI. on Stock created A". 17OT , Charges of Management , . . , . LOANS TO THE PRTNCE HEGENT OF POHTUUAL. Si. per Cent. Heduceil Annuitiea Towards tlie Redemption .... Clurges of Management .... Great Britain Germany Portugal Total Amount of Funded Debt of the United Kingdom payable in Great Britain PAYAULK FN IRELAND. 31. 10s. per Cent. Debentures and Stuck 41. per Cent, ditto SI. per Cent, ditto Charges of Management rMiniated . Life Annuities eslinmud .... Annual Grant, 37 Geo. III. . . . Annuities expired By various Loans and Treasury Hills TcUl Amount of Fiindid Debt ii(~\ the United Kingdom payabl-' "' ' Ireland Total Amount of Funiled Debt of j the United KinRdi I Total of Puhllr Di'lit as originally Funded. i'. I4,(IHU,WI0 2i,mi,'>,iiMi l,t)lt),(iHII SIO,»7«,7U 9t)$,ISI,4.'>-i 22,)i3.'i,2l(i H2,732,ll!i I4l,()72,0.i7 l,02l,mib 1,043,610 1,000,000 l,2a3,IH7,5R9 S,H33,nS3 f ,502,633 805,522 895,522 1,203,187,582 7,502,033 895,522 1,211,585,738 21,430,805 1,001,030 12,828,712 35,327,209 3 I 1,240,912,917 15 11 110,005,905 11 Debt lU^leeiiii'd aud ilauding III till' Names of the Com. inissioiuTs fur the Reduction of tlio National Debt. a Uelit Irinafer- n'll to tlir (.'uniiniiiionera for l.ifr An- iniiliin payable at the It'iink. f. 8,038,100 I7H,00« 2I,370,H6( 02,729,000 1,334,50* a4;,HS4^42 a. k-. II 3 14 10 .'i,Kl4,382 5,834,382 9,834 ,38!> Debt Cancelleil hy Kedeiiiptloii of Ijind-'rax. *:. 14,379,180 11,847,020 2il,72O,200 !.i, 25,726,200 25,720,200 H. it. 13 II 13 13 it Debt Cnmelli'ilanil the Funds thereof cliariii'd *itli new l/jans, us per Acli 63 \ 5 1 (ieu. 8, rap. 0.1 «i 3^ .f. 3,991, ilUO Oi:i,000 101,171,098 182,012,771 7,7WI,400 142,000 180,20(1 299,850,105 290,850,103 299,850,105 2,000.228 271,h4( 1,538,009 (/. 3,870,983 25,720,200 13 11303,721,149 5 2 801 Uii anil Piibl 14 12 309 ISO 18 74 141 1 I 772.01 Diiliici To b«' LI 5,0! 772,0 5,0 777,3 12,3 11,2 2 1, J By an Account trnnsniittt'd from tlu' ('oinn sioners for the Ueduclion of the National Debl, the Amount of Stock standing in their Names, Col and Col. 10, ate included the following Capitals n Long Annuities, the Dividends upon which have uiained unclaiineil for 10 Years and upwards Act 50 (ieu. 3, cap. 60. In the Year ended 51b .Taniiury, 1821, tlm following Sums, Uing transferred from Great Britain lu Ireland, are deducted from the funded Debt of Great Britain and added lu the funded Debt uf Ireland, viz. : — SI. per Cent. Consols . . 2,000 : : 31. 10». per Cent. Annuities 210,650 : : 5/. per Cent, ditto . . . 74,360: 11: The following .Sums, being transferred in the Year ended 5lh .Tantiary, 1821, to Iielaud from Great Britain, are an addition tu ibe funded Debt of Ireland, and deducted from liic funded Debt of Great Biiiuiu, li/. : — 31. lOn. per Cent. Aniiuiliis 212,507: 3: 4 5/. per Out. Annuities . 74,360: II: Amiuinl of Unfunded Debl in F.xrheipier BUN outstimdiiiL' on llie Stii day of J.inuary, 1821, £31,100,550. S Auditor's Department Kxtiiequer, 2 in, ni ii MiHiil cm thr Stii .Tmiimrv, IHSl ; cll>tiii||iilililn|t the Tutol »f Piililic Dilil itn (iriijinally Kiirulvil ; Diht ll«ili!«mcil mill lUlwlinii l.>r l.ifi' Aiinuilif^ ; Driil tmicilli'il by Redomplion ..f laml-TiU; IVtit csncflli-il »ml llii' Kumlt ihiTiiif thiirijfcl will) Loam fur iho lit ilniiiliii).' ill (III' Nniiici uf till' Cuiiiiiiiiiiiiinrra ) Lifii Anniilliri |WJ>l>lc lyf tli« roiimiiiiioiii'rs , mnl liilcrt'sl on Driil I'nriileeincd j Hunu mill to till' Kiii|>i riir uf UennMiy and Prince Hrgvnt of Potliigiil, |M;kU< in Grrat Uriulii. Ami elu' Aiiumnl payablo in Ircldnl. iicrllrii liiiii >inp l-l'i HU iOU 200 «. J. i:t i:i 13 \6 Di'hl Cllllli'lli'il 11111 III!" Kiinil'illirriMif clmr^iMl iKitli iirw liUUIIS, III IHT Ach 63 \ A I (ii-ii. S, ivi|i. 0.1 «i 3^ «. »,imi,>)on ll:>:i,IIIM) 101,17 I, (H)H IHi,l(l:!,771 7,700,400 H2,000 I80,-,2UI aiw,8r)0,ios 20n,H.'iO,IOJ 2U9,H50,10; 2,000,22h 271, Kill 1 ,5S8,U0y 3,»70,0M3 ,200 13 II 303,721,14!! 10 (( Di'lit I'lirrilci'iiiftl mill iltif til (lir I'uliliv Cwdiliir. II 12 3fll) I.HO IH 74 Ml I ,080, ,032, 788 .77,-. ,422 300 80U ,710 ,01S ,103 null 800 ,084 ,0011 820 ,812 ,740 ,717 ,328 008 ,213 ,700 772,0(i»i,8'.th t. il. liiti'rfnt 11* Oi'bt KtnnililiK ill thr \iiiiM'> of tlll< Coniiiiliiiiimtri, MJHT fill. 'jN 3. .1. 241,141 :i,34U 8ll,.'iUI 1,012,103 1.'. 1,707 2,010 »,u7f; 300 to Ijfr Anniiitict |uiyHli)(> nil Ciil. 3. Mill iillu'r An- Tiiiitii'i riiriiiiii^ ji«rt of Debt I'nrritrniii'fl, 28,(1-18 U 383,000 l,S:>0.3(),^ :l, 101,172 12 J il. ,»7«,OI4 .M lb 2(1,880,001 I I) Iiitcri-it iin Di'bt I'liri ilrniitii HI |ii'r Dill, U, i'. 440,001 300, 080 23,U.'i8 11,003,274 4,002,084 040,.''>2b 2.mi4,788 7,08,),,'i20 AO,708 73,100 20,00 .«, J. OiitiK't l.ili' Anil*. |x'r 48 (Ji'ii. llt.c. 141, (c. clmr^tal'li' iia tlin Mnkiii^ KiiiiU To b<- fiirthi I iisuej to llw Comiiinionrif Arteor* of KidiffpMr umlainii'il to Uic Uomiainionrir Arteiin ot bi Life Aiiaiiiticii I :-/|,«ii. .! • i^> ■»■'•('*■.''.'''■■«.* ,. I I < ,.»'.! 1,TS9,9««»7 8,023, IWi 217,583 217,58.1 772,060,808 ri.023,IO( 217,')83 777,307,078 12,341,382 026,440 1 1 ,280,803 21,257,632 801,505,310 12 !"«: ' 74)383 t 2 74,383 2 20,338 3 1 20,338 3,101,172 12 74,38;i 2 20,338 3 3,285,803 18 240,233 18 0,533 10 252,707 3,538,001 1,370,014 1,370,014 10 10 43,724 43,724 1,422,738 121 KjBSi 0,527 20,886,002 I.i0,(i0j 6,527 27,043,22.1 431,048 25,057 504,400 17 17 10 "^ 1,021,400 28,004,721 1 10 8iimii H|ii>lii'nlilr III tbi- llrllrill|lliMII uf Debt, 100,801 211, I4» 5,3 in 841,501 l,OI2,40.-> 151,707 2,010 6,070 300 H 0,070 35,000 1,000,000 200,000 11,818,512 410,000 10,160,010 ^303,000 lD,7;7,OI(j S35 lii,V77,Ojl 74,S8S 30,603 111,076 20,338 30,000 60,338 l.->,777,051 111,070 50,338 15,030,306 246,233 \^ 6,533 10 12 14 5 8 10| ioi"7 1 ar > 62,145 60,611 275,.l8(i 057, 30U 10,5Wi,(i7.' 12 II Tiital Cbnri;!' iif Debt. 135,510 440,604 602,132 28,00i> ll,o:ii,80'i 0,0115,1411 702,23;) 2,0117, I2H 7, Of I, .'102 5 1 ,008 73,1(10 30,00(1 1,350,435 25,000 1,(NIO,00(I 200,000 Il,2l8..i'.2 410,000 277,123 44,702,756 335 44,71)3,002 12 13 10 111. 80,003 1,707 aO3,.|70 20,865 30,000 73 60,030 44,703,002 263,17(1 56,030 45,023,511 078,182 31,501 561,400 553 43,724 02,145 66,616 275,480 ,723,081 40,740,505 16 I An'oiint transiiiittfil from thr Coinniis- - ■ Rt'ilurtion of the National l)i'b(, in if Stoi-k ^tan(lin^ in tlicir Nnnics, Col. 2 j are incliideil tlie following Capitals anil L'S, the Uividcndg upon which liavc ro- 1 iiiicd for 10 Years and upwards; Seel 3, cap. 00. , 3f. per Cent. Consols . . 1II),I27: 10: 7 nitto . Kediiced . 17,116: 17 : 3 Ditto . .V'. 1726 . JOO : 1 : ,4/. per Cenl. Ccinsols . . L'1.105: U : 5 5(. per Cent. Ditto . . 2."), 382 : 12 ; 4 Ditto. . A". 1707 & 1802 (i.OOO : 0:11 Iiii|ierial Aiinuitif.t , . 350 : 3 : Al.so the follow iiii; I.mii; Annuities, viz. Of (ireat Britain . 500: 5: 3 f,i>r .Vnnuni, Anil nl.Ho the follo\^iiiLr Capital which has been |iiivchasetl with unelainird Divideiiils, viz. 3/. per Cent. UeduciU . 422,000 : : .'\nd all which Capital Sums aie subject to the Claims of the Parties entitled thereto. January, 1821 , i;3 1,1 90,550. N. 1). The fractional imH' of a I'cntiv are not unticeil in this Account. Department Exchequer, 25tli March, 1821. 'ipf'' ^j.1 h fl .•'M.tl.l.'.ll' 10 *«/ .'»!"»** 'i.'jl • A ';•■ ■ I r ■ .. \u SttillM .'I II. I ISMIVII. ui, ,111.1 ( II \K(.| i| iir I Its-Ill II) \l I II M M> III II.. Uii .M.I..I ih. I |H'r Art AU Urii. 111. (up. IT dikI IIuIWi AiiniiiiHv Kikiit'il fur lln' I'lililir Sutiir, MKiilirr «lih thi' ii>t«l Aiin.iiiiI ii IHiH), iinil Itlli Dnjf iif .liiniii>r\, IH!il, illatliiiiiiialiing lli.' |)rn|niitliiii ilirri.|>l <|ii.iiulK ii|.|iiii|irli>l>r Mull (jiiiiriiiilinr Diitv .Surpliia Ciniil »ii'l Diiik Diilv / ('i>n<..liiiiiii.il . . . ,' , . , 'ii,:!;!!,!)!.! a h' ] . , 1 llrilith .S|iirit> A". IMHl. A III.UN.t I |<( '" '" :) Dillo . . INII ■ OI.IH.I . . f I. Kiiti'iKii S|.frih . ilillii , , . . lll|,.Til) . . } «. «. d. ».T(HI,«JT 1.1 m ■J ID.IDT i:t II ( III.IHM 1. 1 ti / :i«.mii a n<, } HUiii|iii . Ci.niuiliiHU'il IHIA I'uit OHiai l)utli'.i ('iiiiiiiili Ain'r KNliHfjrini; "N AIhII, Afiiiiiil »> Atldill'.iiHl r Ct.Ono.OlM) f TiilmiT I Auiiii.iiiy ^ IaiiiI-Ikx nil OlIiLi'i, mill I'gu'iluii.i, I cliiirKiil tliiiruii * 'Impri'iit mill iillicr Munlei repalil ArrcHri. nl' DiiiicH . tu Act 27 Oi'u. Ill IlruiiKlit from .MontcK ill till' Kv«lii'>(ui'r . .*iuiiir9 fcpniii t ■ • , . I. II I'riipi'rty ramnliiin); iiiiiip|iru|iiial<'il ililii' Kicliiijin'r, arc piimuiint I. (lip. i:<, Si'c, .Vi, In b<' CRrricii tu Ik' I .n^uliiliitiul Kiiiiil . . . . H Aiiiiiiill.'ic of I.H I'rr Act aiKii'ii. III. for I'ayiiii'iil in liiiiiliii' A". I7M0 .... . . . .'.I (ii'ii. III. I'. Iflll, ht'iiii; pail nfiii Anniiiiy t granli'il In lii< Uiiyiil liidiiiu-sn the l'ii»v ol \Vali> S Krinnimli'r of »ll,S-ii4/. Ill>. •. I np.irl nl '^tli .Npril, IH20, nut III ('i>n«i)liiliil<'il Kxiriif, pirtniil lu Act '27 (it'll. III. cup. 13. ii»lli-reiJiury lliin niiii of llw Crimii fur tlir Civil IJat, and niiur|l« aei himiI, &c. > as iilKive , . ^ I ^ ^^, ^_t> . , . .J ft.AOO 2111 in I '■*•" *!^ SH^Il J 10 > u so & ST iko. in. cup. IM. ti 48. bciiiii Ihr Amount iisuml o«t uf llic '1 riinanrnlated Vimd in IrrUml in tlic Vca nidiid KHhOctolier, IHUtt, / fur V. iirniitriililic Vrviceiuf IHltl, IHHI, tnil IHtiO > Drficiciicv KXCISK DL'TH-S lonlinui'd pir Acl r,aih: lll.fap. 17. Uritish Spiriln Ainio ISII3 Korciiin l>iil() Swa'ts Dilii — IVii - ■I'lilinrr ISIMi llrHlhlv IHIIT DITIRS Aniiuiilhi aiiniliil III iiiiiiiilr :».OII(l,m)(«./iii (V I'ul.lk Sryviif. Siimir .Malt Aiiiiii^il mill Aililiiiniiiil •I'lihai'i J,S-il,IMIi 'il,U7ll,'i3i ii.i.M,:iiii I.JJII.INl ii,5nii,iMii I, III III I, HIM, .fill- i,iim.:ir.i IIMMIMI .'.'i,uu;i i,i;lU,2)M. ■itl.DHII ■j3,oii; ■iM.IUIl i.'i.ifia II.IHI 171 Nil ;io.7H'. II,I|H7,|.-|II (M.ors lt,7H»lJ2(: i.aiT.ij;! in,ii!(i..'.7t- ■VM.yi'i ■i(i,at(»,iMt.. in .'i7,H.ll 7M.\-i\ liDI l,>(i.'i,7IW 4!i la.'i.uii 2„iiK,2:)3 a.'.ii.'i.STi I'.'x.aii- :<,iii:i,.-iiiii III II J CONSOLIDAIKI) IIJM). AIISTUAI 1. liriiit Itritniii Iri'ifilid (ireal Hritaiii Irclimil . . Di'lii iriirv L\iii:i) hi.\cij)(j\i. f. iti,rjo,.'i7i4 4-2U,327 lli,.-. lo.no.i 3,(iU.'i,ltli l(i,l'.J0,.-.7h 3,riii.->,.iiu «9,7'2(i,02l nil 'Vji t Uy Virtue of an is directed to t>e cnrric .lanuurv. IH2I ; nnil llitr roinainil Act .■>« Geo. », cap. 98, llu' above Surplni of I.'Jin.^l.'.l. 10,,. HJJ. h.is Iven applied in Ireland for Ciirri'^ led from the Siipplun i.f IHIH, IK1«, ami IH'JO, lo the Consolidated Fund of Ureal Britain : of whiili ht- reiiiMlnilt'r 'iHU tlfVTI. I(U. III. I. uiU tie aiilllii'il Hi .'illi A..r:i lu.ti ' r !iH«,C(>7/. lOn. UIJ. »ill lie applied ai .in, April, 1H',!1 Auilitoi's IK'parlmeiit Kxcluqii ) M Ml. Ill ll.< ^<.lMl III. 'ill. Ii..\ ..I I .try. IHIII. •I...>unii lik. ,«i'i il.. I'i...Iim. >>i iI..' IA(l'>r. Ill III , .1 u .| liiKvllirr with till' I'lit*! Anwiuiil nf A I.I. iMd.VIW (mi.l lain lil> .>U|tilji'» Ui'fil(il nl riiliiii|iii'i, IhiIwiu'Ii tin- IMh D.v »( .lanuitiy, \ ii|i|ir.i|irliiit'il, 1111111 lliiil wliltli U ii|i|iliinlili. In llii' I'lilillr Hrrtki' , iiinli«iiilri|( «l'ii •» AIMIUAt T ..f ilii I NCIIMK iin.t I'll MUii; Uliil, ill llii' Vmr I'Milril llir .Mli |)ii> "f .liiliiMirs, IN'il, (•(INSOI.IDV'ir.l) 11 \l» 3,H-il, 1)111 ■4l,U;il,V35 IM.^I.IIIIl l.'J.ilMHl li.snii.imii I, mil. I,NIH,.^III- l.llW.jU KMMIMI ■iA.DHO ■i:>,i)U7 ■iH.IMIl M.-itia IMHI.H.^l 17I,H1I1 ;io,7H-. M,liHT,|.'ill 03,0T5 tt,T8»1l2( 1,UST,I.'>I lli,iao..-i7f lll.SHt.UO. Ifl Hi ."iT.hill ;.)N,i-ii lilll i.iii.'i.Toy 41) la.'i.tiii •i,'.ii.".,;(7i rjH.aii- :i,i)i:i,.'i!Mi Ml f. 4U,liO, 421. |Hir l!rnl. 1.1 llii' llank i.f Kii|(liiii.l . I)iviil>iiij.i iM^ulilii itl ili^lii III till I'lil'llr rri'ilili.i'. . Dill. Ill till- Siiiilli. Sill lluiiM' III ilill.. . ( :iiari|iiii III AUnKuriiii nt al dill" nii L'ii|ilUi> uf wlili li ) till' Ui.itWwIi Ml' iKyiililr nt dillu \ DiU.i . . ■iihi' lUnk i.ii ililt.i . ^hiiiKInx li'iinil nrr itcfill (ill.. 3. rii|i, 13 \ .AiiiiiiilM'fl I'.if 'JVrinii til' \ cHrii i-xjiirrd pt'r ditto , , 7 ^^iiikiiiH Kiiul |irr Ai't42 Cii'ii. 3. c'ii|i. 71 J Dillu , . nil tiiriuiii l,!i nntl AlliiwBiirt-4 liy ditto Ditto ill ('(iiirt.t of Jimliii' .Mini ill KiiKliiiid KiihIhii biHii Hindi' ill Ilollniul iMtr Act 5.mi''i. S. mp. Its. . . . Iri^li l.ll'r .\iiiiuitirit iMi.^L'rllniii'iiu.i Srrvit'rs , liilfri-jl, .\i nil till' .Nalliiiuil DiM 'I'livtnrilK Ui'llrlil|illnll of till- iNalioiinl Di'lit i'. |OI,.VIu-il Kiiiid in ilii Viiir indi'il lUlli lli:tiilii'r. IH2II, iind uhn li ' Mill' |iiiidiiH prrviniial^ to ttli.laiiiiary, IH'JI ) ■2H,. -llii, .111.) lo,:i3l,7:il M.iT.TMO 327 illliti 07.722 o..,l:l7 13, Mill II0.»I7 3M,UT!t .)H,27n io,ii)i..'>7a 107,332 40,.VII).lM>.i «! I ]>', 2i f) I) Ih .Vj Inliil AiiHiiiiil (if all Moulin fiiiiif iii(i> ili|. K\ Stil .laniiaiy 1421, dinliiiipiiiliiliu llii' I'li.p l<|lpli('alili' ill Ihi' i'lihlii' Stiiicr. Iir.pirr ..r (ir.'jii Hiiliiiii liplKt'Cii .'Hit .liiiiiiaiy lh20 Kud .rli.ni ilirriof ^pr. iiilly .-ipproprUti'd. frtiiii tliiil vtliicli it A|.|'liC4hln In ll.r I'llblli Sfivin. I'lilal Ki'ciipi upon Ilia CotiMillditvil Fund* I'anulaiid Dock Duly I'.xrim' DiitiM cuiiiiiiinKlpcr AtlJWiMMi. ». r. 17 Diitici Ml titt^at, JVialt, Md 'lubnrcv, aDiianll.'T unuilril Dulic.» III' H per Ci'nl I, . . . , I'l.it Fruiu of t;.^ c;:..^^- . ■ . V"*^.--*! ' "»"•-'.""»- « . . . Tinllis of the Clergy • '• I'nyxH'nt^ rcvrvcirfor Iha I jllrclinn (if Diindry nuUra . . . . Diitii lairiid to the Civil LMnf liiaUti' .Miijrity Sniilh Hia Duly, prr Act I.S 'iro. I. cap. i7. . Vi.limMry Contritititions pro Iniin IN17 Contriliutioiis 10 I.(ilti'rii'i pi Anno IHIIli v^^• I 1- Ditln ,S20 . :\ l)itto,tnAnniiilli'tf 'ii'0, 3,furniiBinKl2,000.000(.proA'>IHII) Diltii , . . . per Act l'ioo.l,c«p. 17, for5,000,()0«(. proA"lK20 Ditto. . . . per Act M'Oco.l, cap. 43, for railing I S.000,000/. ) proA" IHI!), from Hie ConiiiJarioiienforreiiucinK llie National Debt \ Dilln per .\el 1 (ieo. 4. cap.4>, for ditto pro A". 1880 from ditto . . t'ayineiilM liy the Chief Caihlj'r of the Uank of Kngland, pumiant In Alt .10 (ieo. 3, cap. \V7, he* ng the .Surplus of 100,000/. therein on Account of nnclniined Divlend*, Lottery Prizes, itc. and which, per Act I (ieo. 4, cap. Ill wasapplicBhlt' In theSupplieHof 11180;' but lliiie having hien al iinilry times a deficiency of I00,0 [nteresl nil Land Tax Riihi" I'd hy I',iyiniiils in Money . . . . Mel apart mil .if Ihe Heveiiiie' finiu the Kvei-e and PosrOlfices, pur- "\ suaiit In Cerliliraies per Alt 27 Urn. 3. cap. 13. as the estiniateil / llereililary Kevenues nf lli.j(>i,wn, from 2l)th .lanuary, lS»0,(lhi' \ Day i.f Hie Decea>e iif lii.'. I^t .Majesty) to the .'ith April fbllotving, 1 per Act 1 (»eo. 4. Clip. I. . . '. J Th,' sev.ral Sums nf 'Ji),a:S/. 10«. U. and l,337,151(. 7». M. hcinR carried l.i Ihe Cnnsoliilatftl Fund outof MonirsiiifAr ivMAcTKt'r', dn not ciiiijiitute a pan nf Ih.- urliial Keceipt upon that Fund in tlic ^ I ar cniliil .'iHi .laniiar\, r;2l. h|.rii»ll .\>lf 2,'ilS,'J2'.) 3,04'.), jUti 10 TOTAL ..•J. Hi 21) 131 .(HUN . {)I2,S4I 3,(),'iO,OOII 0,IIO»,Ollll 0,400,000 ll.'L.'iOi I.VJ.OOO 41; •i3,2!IH,!l2S ■l.'.,020,2(m «H,Ul!),l;i.'. 10 •I'l li (jniit r.nliiin Iri'l.Mi.l t Siirjilii.. CONSOLFDA TKO RiND. .\u,sTR.\cr. (ireal (tritairi Ireland Siirpliu UXtTED KINGDOM. f. 4fl,r.49,OOS 2.;i.".0,20D 1,2 10, 2 S,00.->,44( 40,ii4!»,90.' 2,3.10,200 4S4,U0ti,lu4 4 819,0)6 49,720,024 IIS •■.it «'J has iM'en led Fund applied in Ireland for Cnrri'nl I'ulilie .Services of the Years IHIH, 1H19, and 1820 ; and in pursuance of the said Act, a like Sum of (ireat Britain : nf which, pursuant to Act 87 Clro S. cap. 48. JJ5y,.'>18/. 5|. lljif, has been so carried in Ihe 'teat ended Sih .-_ ii's Deparlineiit Kxclitqiier, 'i.'ith Mnrcli, 18^1. 3