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Bii31.i».>iU .(/L. -^
JATK)NA!.E 1
REPORT
■^■<!t->s.rt^/
'^
OF
MARCUS SMITH,
M. INST. C. E.
REGARDING THE CHANNEL
OF THE
M. 0. & G. B. CANAL.
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UEPORT
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OF
MARCUS SMITH.
M INST. C. E.
REGARI)IN(; THE CHANNEL
OK THE
M. 0. & G. B. CANAL.
He ^ni
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Ottawa, Dkc. 30th, 1898.
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1
McLeod Stewart, Esq.,
Dear Sir, —
Fsti mates have been made for the construc-
tion ot* til is work on a scale of ten feet depth of
water on the mitre sills of locks and twelve feet
in canal, river and lake channels. JUit it is now
re(|uire(l that the de|)tli on jnitre sills of locks
sliall he fourteen feet, and in canal, river and
lake channels fifteen to sixteen feet, accordiiiir
as the bottom may be rock or earth.
The (juestion has been raised whether there
is a Miiricient supply of water and depth in the
channels of rivers and lakes to maintain these
dimensions throughcmt the season of naviga-
tion ?
From my own knowledge and judgment I
should answer in the afhrmative, but for the in-
formation of youiself and others I submit the
following :
The water supply comes from three differ-
ent sources, so that the work of construction
will naturally be arranged in three divisions.
I. I'rom T.ake Nipissiiig by way of French
River to the (leorgian Ray, the length is about
forty-nine miles and the jfall a little over sixty
t(et. This is made by a series of still -water
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8tretclics, like narrow (1<H>p lakes, soparafed l)y
narrow bands of rock, forming rapids or falls.
The a <,^*i; rebate longtli of carnal crossin*? these
bands is less tlian one mile, so the extra cost of
three I'eet depth of rock cutting for a fifteen feet
cbainu'l will not be great.
. I^ake Ni})issing has a surface area of over
three hundred scpiare miles, fed by watershed
area of over three thousand s(juare miles. Mr.
T. C. Clarke, M. Inst. C.E., who made the surveys
for the government in 1858 59, states in his report :
"The quantity of water, found by careful
»;uaging, to be flowing in French River (from
Jjake Ni})issing) at a low stage, was nine thous-
and live hundred (D^rjOt)) cubic feet per second,
or eiglit hundred and twenty millions eight
hundred thousand (8:^0,800,000) cubic feet in
twenty-four hours. Assuming the locks to be
250 X 50 X 12 feet and tliat fifty lockages are
jnade each way in twenty-four hours it would
require fifteen million feet of water, or less than
one-fiftieth part of the supply."
2. From Lake Nipissing, by Trout and
other connecting lakes and the Mattawan River
to the Ottawa River — length forty-five miles.
This crosses the dividing ridge which forms the
watershed between the basin of the Ottawa and
that of Lake Huron.
The distance from Lake Nipissing to the
west end of Trout Lake is a little over four miles
..n.l iho lalt.-i- is about Uv..„tv-tl„v. feol hiKhor
hun Lake Mpissi,,. an.l ,.s ,„, ,1,., su„,„,„
c^t■I. llie simill strv.in, lliat llo-.vs int„ Tn.ut
Luky, „„t sutlici.nt lo supply ,!u. ualor uofo.s-
sa.y for navigation on a uiu<h sumllor s.ale than
18 now re,,uired. Jt is tlxTofore ,,ro|.«sed l„
ronstruol a daui at tlio outlet of l.,i<.. Nipissin.^
^into l-rencl, Kivor) to maintain tho luMsht o?
tl.at Jake at its liif-liest ordinary flood level, or
as high as can be done wilbout nu.t.'rial dania-e
;o adjacent pro,.erty, and to l„we. 'J'rout and
liirllo Lakes to the same level. The former
IS about eight and a half miles long and of
great depth. At th(> I'oni ,,f fl,:^. :
r ".i iMi looi 1,1 tiiij; 1^ 3 narrow
ndge of roeks which divides it from Turtle
I.,ke. the fall to the latter is only about a foot
and the water on the rapid about eighteen
mches in depth. Turtle Lake is al^nt three
and a quarter miles in length, and from its out-
lot at the east end the descent to the Ottawa
Kiver by rapids and small lakes will be made
chiefly by locks and dams. .
«.A T*"!? T r^'" '^"'"'^ "f ^■'"'^^ >" Trout
and Turtle Lakes, so that when lowered to the
't'Tf '""'/. '^'"^^ -^'i'--'^ there Jm
mo e than sufficient depth left for navigation
on the scale required. . ■• . = """
T«Jv- '''"'"""*'"" *■'"' "''' ™nal between
I-akes N.pissing and Trout, and in deepeninjr
the river at the east end of Turtle Lake will be
'••'J'vy: the (|imiiliti(.s can he calculntcd iVoni
»'"' |>1jims and profiles of the ^rovrnuncnt siir-
vi'y. ^riiiis thi' ;r,(.at l)0(|y of water in Lake
NiIHssino- will occupy the unique position of
tl»e summit level of the whole scheme, so that
Its waters can he directed westward to Lake
Huron or eastward, comminglin^r with those
of the Ottawa to Montreal.
On this arrangement Mr. T. (' Clarke re-
"iJirks : -The waters of Lak<' Xipissing are
sullicient for any scale of navigation for all
linie to come."
'^ TIh^ Ottawa Kiver has at any stage a
sufficient Ixnly of water for the scale" of nlivi-
gation now proposed. The total fall hetween
tlie mouth of the Maitawa River and Lake
Desdienes is fully tlirec hundred fc't, not uni-
form, hut with stretches of still water, light
currents and long raj)ids.
1'he ])a]d<s of the river are generally high
and iMostly rocky. 'I^iking advantage of this
yiw T. r. Clarke has arranged the wo^K-s j^ .,
series of high dams and locks to overcome the
»«>pi<ls, so that there are only two |)laces (in the
Cnlhute channel) where rock cutting and
<J'<'«lging is necessary, exce[)t in short
approaches to the locks. For the larger scale
<d| navigation now required there will be more
of that class of work, hut the <iuantity will he
nicKlerate.
I)m<
niirm;'-
10
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'"'J' ' 'ic arc oi'lv five
'''•«>"» the City of Ottawa p» (Irmviilr H,,.
I'Jtest mfoiination we have of the depth of
water ,s from the n.]>(,rt of Mr. (muw) Sir
Nnndford Vlvunu.^ fro,,, s(M,.,diMns ,„a(h. i,nd<.r
i»:s direction i„ isss. (),, the hM.Mitudina!
section of the eha„„ei the h-ast and ^r.^^test
<lc'ptl, ot water is ^rjv,.,, f(,r caeh ,„ih., ,-ed„eed
<o a umfo,-,,, (hitum, whieh eo,ifor„is to the
lowest level of the rive,-, tnkeii daily hv II
loek-inaster of the Hich'aii Ca,
jHTiod of sev(»nt('e„ yeai's
Mr. Fleming staN's :
points on the whole distaiue of sivly ,„il(.s On
wineh the depth oi the ehaniul on extreme
h)w water is under ten feet * * * and these
shallow parts are liniited in le„gth to a few
liundied yards each, the whole niakiuu- .,„ ag-
^rre«rate length of a niile. * * * ^I^||V. mater-
ial to I), dredged is eoarse red sand, and finer
sand or silt in ahout ecpial p,-o|)ortio„s."
For the (le})th of waiter now re(|ui,-ed there
will be, at extreme low wate,-, aeeoj-ding to Mr
F]on,ing's table of soundings, twelve points at
wlneh (h-edging will be re(|ui,'ed. varying from
one to nine f(>et jn depth in sho,'t* lengths,
'ihese may piobably be ,-edueed bv the neees-
sa,y enlaro-ement of the loeks ami canal be-
tween (irenville and Tai-illon for the la,-<rer
s-Me of navigatioji, if ^he dams aic raised" a
few feet.
8
Froin Carillon to liachine no dredging is
shown for a twelve feet depth of channel, but
for a sixteen feet channel there may be some
dredging. This can be ascertained from the
charts and soundings of the Ottawa liiver in
the Department of Public Works.
On the whole the extra cost of construc-
tion, though large, nuiy be considered moder-
ate in proportion to the great advantages
afforded by tlie larger scale of navigation,
Yours very truly,
(Sgd.) MARCUS SMITH,
M. INST. C. E.