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 Bii31.i».>iU .(/L. -^ 
 
 JATK)NA!.E 1 
 
 REPORT 
 
 ■^■<!t->s.rt^/ 
 
 '^ 
 
 OF 
 
 MARCUS SMITH, 
 
 M. INST. C. E. 
 
 REGARDING THE CHANNEL 
 
 OF THE 
 
 M. 0. & G. B. CANAL. 
 
 / 
 
i 
 
1 
 
 ! 
 
 \ 
 
 I 
 
 UEPORT 
 
 -a 
 
 OF 
 
 MARCUS SMITH. 
 
 M INST. C. E. 
 
 REGARI)IN(; THE CHANNEL 
 
 OK THE 
 
 M. 0. & G. B. CANAL. 
 
He ^ni 
 
 01 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
;] 
 
 Ottawa, Dkc. 30th, 1898. 
 
 r 
 
 i. 
 
 1 
 
 McLeod Stewart, Esq., 
 Dear Sir, — 
 
 Fsti mates have been made for the construc- 
 tion ot* til is work on a scale of ten feet depth of 
 water on the mitre sills of locks and twelve feet 
 in canal, river and lake channels. JUit it is now 
 re(|uire(l that the de|)tli on jnitre sills of locks 
 sliall he fourteen feet, and in canal, river and 
 lake channels fifteen to sixteen feet, accordiiiir 
 as the bottom may be rock or earth. 
 
 The (juestion has been raised whether there 
 is a Miiricient supply of water and depth in the 
 channels of rivers and lakes to maintain these 
 dimensions throughcmt the season of naviga- 
 tion ? 
 
 From my own knowledge and judgment I 
 should answer in the afhrmative, but for the in- 
 formation of youiself and others I submit the 
 following : 
 
 The water supply comes from three differ- 
 ent sources, so that the work of construction 
 will naturally be arranged in three divisions. 
 
 I. I'rom T.ake Nipissiiig by way of French 
 River to the (leorgian Ray, the length is about 
 forty-nine miles and the jfall a little over sixty 
 t(et. This is made by a series of still -water 
 
 • 
 
 i 
 
8tretclics, like narrow (1<H>p lakes, soparafed l)y 
 narrow bands of rock, forming rapids or falls. 
 The a <,^*i; rebate longtli of carnal crossin*? these 
 bands is less tlian one mile, so the extra cost of 
 three I'eet depth of rock cutting for a fifteen feet 
 cbainu'l will not be great. 
 
 . I^ake Ni})issing has a surface area of over 
 three hundred scpiare miles, fed by watershed 
 area of over three thousand s(juare miles. Mr. 
 T. C. Clarke, M. Inst. C.E., who made the surveys 
 for the government in 1858 59, states in his report : 
 
 "The quantity of water, found by careful 
 »;uaging, to be flowing in French River (from 
 Jjake Ni})issing) at a low stage, was nine thous- 
 and live hundred (D^rjOt)) cubic feet per second, 
 or eiglit hundred and twenty millions eight 
 hundred thousand (8:^0,800,000) cubic feet in 
 twenty-four hours. Assuming the locks to be 
 250 X 50 X 12 feet and tliat fifty lockages are 
 jnade each way in twenty-four hours it would 
 require fifteen million feet of water, or less than 
 one-fiftieth part of the supply." 
 
 2. From Lake Nipissing, by Trout and 
 other connecting lakes and the Mattawan River 
 to the Ottawa River — length forty-five miles. 
 This crosses the dividing ridge which forms the 
 watershed between the basin of the Ottawa and 
 that of Lake Huron. 
 
 The distance from Lake Nipissing to the 
 west end of Trout Lake is a little over four miles 
 
 
..n.l iho lalt.-i- is about Uv..„tv-tl„v. feol hiKhor 
 
 hun Lake Mpissi,,. an.l ,.s ,„, ,1,., su„,„,„ 
 
 c^t■I. llie simill strv.in, lliat llo-.vs int„ Tn.ut 
 
 Luky, „„t sutlici.nt lo supply ,!u. ualor uofo.s- 
 
 sa.y for navigation on a uiu<h sumllor s.ale than 
 
 18 now re,,uired. Jt is tlxTofore ,,ro|.«sed l„ 
 
 ronstruol a daui at tlio outlet of l.,i<.. Nipissin.^ 
 
 ^into l-rencl, Kivor) to maintain tho luMsht o? 
 
 tl.at Jake at its liif-liest ordinary flood level, or 
 
 as high as can be done wilbout nu.t.'rial dania-e 
 
 ;o adjacent pro,.erty, and to l„we. 'J'rout and 
 
 liirllo Lakes to the same level. The former 
 
 IS about eight and a half miles long and of 
 
 great depth. At th(> I'oni ,,f fl,:^. : 
 
 r ".i iMi looi 1,1 tiiij; 1^ 3 narrow 
 
 ndge of roeks which divides it from Turtle 
 I.,ke. the fall to the latter is only about a foot 
 and the water on the rapid about eighteen 
 mches in depth. Turtle Lake is al^nt three 
 and a quarter miles in length, and from its out- 
 lot at the east end the descent to the Ottawa 
 Kiver by rapids and small lakes will be made 
 chiefly by locks and dams. . 
 
 «.A T*"!? T r^'" '^"'"'^ "f ^■'"'^^ >" Trout 
 and Turtle Lakes, so that when lowered to the 
 
 't'Tf '""'/. '^'"^^ -^'i'--'^ there Jm 
 mo e than sufficient depth left for navigation 
 on the scale required. . ■• . = """ 
 
 T«Jv- '''"'"""*'"" *■'"' "''' ™nal between 
 I-akes N.pissing and Trout, and in deepeninjr 
 the river at the east end of Turtle Lake will be 
 
'••'J'vy: the (|imiiliti(.s can he calculntcd iVoni 
 »'"' |>1jims and profiles of the ^rovrnuncnt siir- 
 vi'y. ^riiiis thi' ;r,(.at l)0(|y of water in Lake 
 NiIHssino- will occupy the unique position of 
 tl»e summit level of the whole scheme, so that 
 Its waters can he directed westward to Lake 
 Huron or eastward, comminglin^r with those 
 of the Ottawa to Montreal. 
 
 On this arrangement Mr. T. (' Clarke re- 
 "iJirks : -The waters of Lak<' Xipissing are 
 sullicient for any scale of navigation for all 
 linie to come." 
 
 '^ TIh^ Ottawa Kiver has at any stage a 
 sufficient Ixnly of water for the scale" of nlivi- 
 gation now proposed. The total fall hetween 
 tlie mouth of the Maitawa River and Lake 
 Desdienes is fully tlirec hundred fc't, not uni- 
 form, hut with stretches of still water, light 
 currents and long raj)ids. 
 
 1'he ])a]d<s of the river are generally high 
 and iMostly rocky. 'I^iking advantage of this 
 yiw T. r. Clarke has arranged the wo^K-s j^ ., 
 series of high dams and locks to overcome the 
 »«>pi<ls, so that there are only two |)laces (in the 
 Cnlhute channel) where rock cutting and 
 <J'<'«lging is necessary, exce[)t in short 
 approaches to the locks. For the larger scale 
 <d| navigation now required there will be more 
 of that class of work, hut the <iuantity will he 
 nicKlerate. 
 
I)m< 
 
 niirm;'- 
 
 10 
 
 ii 
 
 '"'J' ' 'ic arc oi'lv five 
 
 '''•«>"» the City of Ottawa p» (Irmviilr H,,. 
 I'Jtest mfoiination we have of the depth of 
 water ,s from the n.]>(,rt of Mr. (muw) Sir 
 Nnndford Vlvunu.^ fro,,, s(M,.,diMns ,„a(h. i,nd<.r 
 i»:s direction i„ isss. (),, the hM.Mitudina! 
 section of the eha„„ei the h-ast and ^r.^^test 
 <lc'ptl, ot water is ^rjv,.,, f(,r caeh ,„ih., ,-ed„eed 
 <o a umfo,-,,, (hitum, whieh eo,ifor„is to the 
 lowest level of the rive,-, tnkeii daily hv II 
 loek-inaster of the Hich'aii Ca, 
 jHTiod of sev(»nt('e„ yeai's 
 Mr. Fleming staN's : 
 points on the whole distaiue of sivly ,„il(.s On 
 wineh the depth oi the ehaniul on extreme 
 h)w water is under ten feet * * * and these 
 shallow parts are liniited in le„gth to a few 
 liundied yards each, the whole niakiuu- .,„ ag- 
 ^rre«rate length of a niile. * * * ^I^||V. mater- 
 ial to I), dredged is eoarse red sand, and finer 
 sand or silt in ahout ecpial p,-o|)ortio„s." 
 
 For the (le})th of waiter now re(|ui,-ed there 
 will be, at extreme low wate,-, aeeoj-ding to Mr 
 F]on,ing's table of soundings, twelve points at 
 wlneh (h-edging will be re(|ui,'ed. varying from 
 one to nine f(>et jn depth in sho,'t* lengths, 
 'ihese may piobably be ,-edueed bv the neees- 
 sa,y enlaro-ement of the loeks ami canal be- 
 tween (irenville and Tai-illon for the la,-<rer 
 s-Me of navigatioji, if ^he dams aic raised" a 
 few feet. 
 
8 
 
 Froin Carillon to liachine no dredging is 
 shown for a twelve feet depth of channel, but 
 for a sixteen feet channel there may be some 
 dredging. This can be ascertained from the 
 charts and soundings of the Ottawa liiver in 
 the Department of Public Works. 
 
 On the whole the extra cost of construc- 
 tion, though large, nuiy be considered moder- 
 ate in proportion to the great advantages 
 afforded by tlie larger scale of navigation, 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 (Sgd.) MARCUS SMITH, 
 
 M. INST. C. E.