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New York U609 USA of the ©CRAFT LEAGUE BY ERNEST THOMPSON SETON Canada WOODCRAFT MANUAL FOR GIRLS THE WOODCRAFT MANUAL FOR GIRLS The Fifteenth Birch Bark Roll BY ERNEST THOMPSON SETON CHIEF or THE WOODCBATT LEAGUE Author of " Wild Animals I Hnve Knmm,'* " Two Little Socages," " Life Histories of Northern Animals," "Fanster's Mmital" tie. Published for THE WOODCRAFT LEAGUE OF AMERICA 13 West 29TH Street, New York Garden City New York DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY X916 Copyright, igi6, by Ernest Thompson Sbtow AU rights reserved, including that of translation into Joreign languages, including the Scandinavian. t PRBTACB "The Woodcraft Manual for Girls for 1916," is an official Manual of the Woodcraft League, giving full information as to the carrying m of Uie work of the Woodcraft Girls. It is also a hanabook contatoing infonnatkm on outdoor life lor thegiriiol America. Ernest Thompson Seton, whose life has beer \ constant in- q)irati(m and help to all loven of outdoor things, is the author. Much of the material appears for the first time, though some of it has been used from other books with the permission of Mr. Seton and of the publishers. Mrs. Frederic R. Hoisington designed and presented to the League the Costume for the Woodcraft Girls and has assbted akng several lines, particularly in the shapii^ of the Coups and Degrees as found in the fourth section. Miss Jean Miller and Miss Lina MiUer have helped in organizing work, as liave F. H. Schmidt, J. A. Wolf, Miss Anne Grumman, HamUn Garkuid and other members of the Council of Gukiance. Mrs. Ernest Thompson Seton has contributed several articles and has given freely of her time in the working out of the many probtons and in the editing of the book. Mr. Philip D. Pagans, m additkm to his duties as Execu- tive Secretary, has written several articles and given of his time both in the working out of the organization and in editing the material. The League acknowledges with hearty thanks the permission of Ernest Thompson Seton and Doubleday, Page & Company to use mudi cS the material fnun the Book of Woodcraft; for the use of the peoms and stories from "Woodmyth and Fable," by Ernest Thompson Seton, published by the Century Com- pany; to Alice Fletcher for permission to use the songs and music quoted from her "Indian Songs and Stories;" to H. M. Burr and Association Press for the use of stories from "Animd the Fire;" to Mrs. S. A. Ward and Association Press for tl ? use of the hynm "O Beautiful for Spacious Skies;" to Ginn and Company for the use of cuts from "School Needlework" by Olive C. H^good; to McClelland, Goodchild and Stewart Ltd., for "The Seven White Swans" from "Legends of Van- vi Preface couver" by E. Pauline Johnson (Takahionwake); for the use of the "Corn Smut Girl" from "Indian Days of the Long Ago" by Edward S. Curtis. The League also acknowledges with many thanks the cover medallion by J. F. Kelly and the drawing of the Woodcraft Girl; the article on the "Life Force" and the "Woodcraft Girls' In vocation," by Dr. Valeria Parker; permission of Raymond Dit- rnars to use material from which the article and drawmg of "Snakes, Good and Bad" were made; and the games suggested by Miss Katherine Duffield, Mrs. Lotta Anthony, Miss Kate Karkus, Miss Jean Miller, Mrs. Grace Gallatin Seton and Mrs. Elizabeth T. BayUs. The Committee has attempted to have the Manual contain information on most of the subjects which would come up in group work. Where a subject has not been carefully covered, reference books have been given. While Woodcraft as founded by Mr. Seton has been carried on for fourteen years, the Woodcraft League in its present form is but a few months old. Owing to the necessity for a Girls' Manual the present Birch Bark Roll has been produced under pressure and does not include all the material originally planned. But it is given to the pubUc with the thought as expressed in the Preface to "Two Little Savages." "Because I have known the torments of thirst, I would dig a well wherein others may drink." And it is hoped that the spirit of the Manual is the same as has always characterized the work Mr. Seton has done with the boys and girls of the country. The Manual Comjoxtee. September, 1916. OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL AND THE COUNCIL OF GXnDANCE ERNEST THOMPSON SETON, Chief MARKSULUVAN,SecretaryELONHUNnNGTONHOOKER,TteMai« PHILIP D. FAGANS, Executive Seaetaiy Council of Guidance John L. Alexamdek Grace Cotton Carl E. Ekstrand Ann S. Gruioi an May FoLWiXL Hoisington Grace Parker Haulin Garland, Historian Jean W. Miller, Asst. Secretary Grace Gallatin Seton, Cha irm a n Business Committee Harvey C. Went, and the Ofikers National Council Jules Bache Irving Bacheller E. C. Bishop Neltje Blanch.\n Arthur Brisbane Stephen A. Breed Mrs. Walston Hnx Brown John Burroughs William Carroll Cornwall Dr. Frank M. Ch-^pman Roland Ray Conklin Honorable Frank I. Cohen Natalie Curtis WiLUAU Curtis Dehosest Frank N. Doubleday Mrs. C. Tarbell Dudley Bertrau H. Fancher Ivan P, Flood WiLUAU H. Folwell Dr. Wiluam Byron Forbush Mrs. William H. Folwell A. R. Forbush Madison Grant Wallace Heckman Frederic R. Hoisington Elon Huntington- Hooker Mrs. Elon HuMTiHr.TON Hooker Mrs. Charlton T. Hudson Jahes L. Hughes Joseph Howland Hunt Charles L. Hutchinsom Herbert Hungerford Mrs. Marietta Johnson Mrs. Charles D. Lanier S. Stanwood Menken Enos Mills Dr. Robert T. Morris Preston G. Or wig Honorable Stephen G. Porter Reverend P. Edwards Powell Martin A. Ryerson Caroline Ruutz-Rees Professor W. H. Schexzeb Bernard Sexton Albert Shaw Hugh Skiley Mark Sullivan Dr. Louis Livincston ^auan Ida M. Tarbell Lorado Taft Mrs. Charles Edwin Townsend William H. Thompson His Excellency Dk. Hknky Van* DYKE Professor Charles D. Walcor John J. Watron, Jr. George L. Whtte Ella Wheeler Wilc»x I A BIESSAOB FROM THB WOODCRAFT CHIEF To THE Girls OF America: . , . j There is a winding deer traU by a stream m the pine wwxls, and the glint of a larger breadth of water Oirough the alders, with stars in the grass, a high shady rock for the nooning, and a beU-bird softly chimmg. I have found it very, very pleasant to go there ^enever my life would permit, but the entrance was hidden, and I never should have seen it but for this— I was struggling and unhappy, worn out and lost, hoping to find it and fearmg I never^ouW, when one day a wonderful creature appeared to me. She yns very old, I know, but She seemed very young, frtsh and athletic, and She had a kind look in her eyes. She said, "Ho, Way- seeker, I have seen your struggle to find the pathway, and I know that you love the things you will see there. There- fore, I will show you the trail, and this is what it will lead you to: a thousand pleasant friendships that will oflfer honey m little thorny cups, the twelve secrets of the underbrush, the health of sunlight, suppleness of body and force unfailing, the unafraidness of the night, the delight of deep water, the good- ness of rain, the story of the trail, the knowledge of the swamp, the aloofness of knowing, the power to see a bird when you h^ its note, the upbuilding things which are never taught in schools; a crown and a little kingdom measured to your power, but all your own. "These are the things I offer, because you have persevered, but there is a condition attached: When you discover the folksiness of some tree, the compact of bee and bloom, the all- aboutness of some secret, the worthwhileness of the swamp, or the friendship of a frog-j)ond, you must in some sort note it down and pass it on to another trtdy a Wayseeker, that the liquid gold turn not to litriol in your hand; for those who have won power, must with it bear responsibility." That same Fairy Godmother is waiting for you just beyond that bank of pussy willows in the Springtime, she is waiting in die alder bloom of Summer, and later when the maple red- dens the swamp. Faunima, Spirit of the wild things and of woodcraft is ^e, and very willmg to show you the trail if you is z A Message from the Woodcraft Chief are of good stuff proven. She it was that told me to write this book, in keeping of the promise that I gave her over forty years ago, when she held the bushes back for me to see the guide-blaze on the tree. Not that I needed any urge to write it, for I know no greater pleasure than showing others the things that mean so much to me. Perhaps you also will come to think of them as the best and most enduring things of life. THE WOODCRAFT LBAOUE Our purpose is to learn the outdoor life for its worth in the buildkg up of our bodies and the helping and strengthening cf our souls; that we may go forth with the seeing eye, and the "thinking hand" to learn the pleasant wajrsof the woods and of life, that we be made in all wise masters of ourselves; facing life without flinching, ready to take our part among our fellows in all the problems whidi arise, rejoicing when some trial comes that the Great Spirit finds us the rulers of strong souls in thdr worthy tabernacles. The Woodcraft League believes that its message comes to the people of America, young and old, rich and noor. The work of the League is divided as follows: The Big Lodge of the Woodcraft Gins, from twelve to eign- teen, for which group this Birch Bark Roll is the official hand- book. The Big Lodge for Boys from twelve to eighteen. Manual now ready. The Little Lodge for children under twelve. Manual to be published later. The Woodcraft Club for men and women over eighteen. The Sun Lodge for men and women, twenty-one and over, interested in specializing in Woodcraft. Each of these sections has its own printed matter and badge. The details of the work vary according to the needs of the group. All are members of the Woodcraft League and wear the badge of the League, a white shield with blue horns. The Headquarters are at 13 West 29th Street, New York City. THE TWELVE SECRETS OF THE WOODS Do you know the twelve secrets of the woods? Do you know the umbrella that stands up spread to show that there is a restaurant in the cellar? Do you know the "manna-focd" that grows on the rocks, summer and winter, and holds up its hands in the Indiaii sign of "innocence," so all who need may know how good it is? Do you know the vine that climbs above the sedge to whisper on the wind " There are coconuts in my basment '* ? Can you tell why the rabbit puts his hind feet down ahead of his front ones as he runs? Can you tell why the squirrel buries every other nut and who it was that planted those shag-barks all along the fence? Can you tell what the woodchuck does in midwinter and on what day? Have you learned to know the pale villam of the open woods —the deadly amanita, for whose fearful poison no remedy b known? Have you learned to overcome the poison ivy that was once so feared— now so lightly held by those who know? Have you proved the balsam fir in all its fourfold gifts— as Christmas tree, as heatoig bahn, as consecrated bed, as wood of friction fire? .1.15 Do you know the wonderful medicine that is m the sky? Have you tasted the bread of wisdom, the treasure (bat cures much ignorance, that is buried in the aisle of Jack-o-Fulpit s Church? , . Can you tell what walked around your tent on the thurtietn night of your camp-out? Then are you wise. You have learned the twelve secrets of the woods. But if you have not, come and let us teach you. sil TABLE OF CONTBHTS Pbetacx V OrncERS AND Members or THE National Council . . vii Message from the Chief ix The A\oodcrapt League xi Twelve Secrets or the Wooi» zii SECTION I Organization and General Information WooDCRATT Women— Their Message to Woodcravt Girls 3 How TO Form a Tribe To become a Woodcraft Girl ^ To start a Tribe S Woodcraft Girl Costume 6 Band Meetings 7 Charter 7 A Meeting Place 7 Councils 7 Regular Council 7 Order of Doings 8 Decorum of Council 9 Indoor Council 9 The Woodcraft Laws 10 Initiations 10 Initiation Trials 11 New Members' Work 11 Growth II Totems 12 Requirements for Ranks x8 Entering or Wayseeker 18 Pathfinder , , , 18 Winyan , 19 Titles and Officers . 20 .XT ZTi Cflo t w t i Badges „ Illustration j. Meaning ol the Badges 22 Salute j,^ Meaning op the Council Ring 24 Cewcmony Of Gkand Council 2^ Council Robe 2^ Model Constitution por a Tribe The Inbringing op a Newcomer Installation op the Higher Ranks 32 COMVEIUNG 07 CoUPS AND DEGREES 33 Woqiino A Nauz 3^ SECTION II Tribe and Council Activities Suggestions on Tribal Work 35 Gcnofftl First Three Months (Pathfinder)" . . % Next Five Months (Winyan) 38 Games Council Navajo Feather Dance ^, Cock. Fighting 'J, One Legged Chicken Figjit ....!'.*. 43 Strong Hand • ^, Stung ; ; ; Talk-Fest . „ JJ Solemnity aa OtO^ . . ^ Watching by the Tnul ^ Trailing J! Apache Relay Race ........ 45 Chinese Tag ac Bat Ball ' * ' ' 46 Scou^• g ; \ Q'^kk ..ight % Far Sight T. Home Star 48 Hostile Spy [ 48 Tree the Coon ! ! .* 48 COBllBli Rat on Lodge Waterboiling Contest . . . Medley Scouting .... Still Huntins the Buck Water Spearing the GfMt Stuigeon Canoe Tag Indoor Odds and Evens Blind Man's Bufif My Vacation Names by Topks Fortune Shopping Guessing Game Kingdom Geography Game of Menagerie . . . . Menagerie Party A Portrait Party Magic Music Hat Trimming G)ntest . . . Fire-side Trick The Lone Star Trick . . . . Feather Foot-ball Songs Group Singing America Star Spangled Banner . . . Oh Beautiful for Spacious Skies Rouser Alouette Omaha Tribal Prayer . . . Hike Song Good Night Canoeist Love Song Death Song Zonzimondi Mujje Mukesin Hither Thunder AcTiNO Songs The Weasel . MyManJdm . . . . | ««« ^ A ^_ ZtuI VOB i W m When I Was a Youns Girl Roman and Engliih Soldien 79 Dancxno Dancing S$ Dances Storm Cloud 84 Hopi Corn Dances 85 Spring 87 Fall 88 Lone Hunter 88 Fire-fly Dance 90 Caribou Dance 96 Animal Dance of Nana-bojou 98 Plays, Pageani6 and Masques Suggested books xoo Camp Fire Stories and Poems The Road to Fairyland 103 The Fairy Lamps 103 The Origin of the Bhie Bird los Twin Stars 106 Gitche-o-kok-o-hoo 106 The Story of Com-smut Girl ...... X07 The First Gang xo8 The Seven Swans xi6 How Men Found the Great Spirit zaa SECTION m Tbdtgs to Know and Do Chapter I. City Woodcrapt Woodcraft in Town 129 The Value of Doing 130 Needlework Sewing ... 132 Bead Work 137 Housekeeping 139 Totems in Town 140 Fire — Servant or Master? 142 Health X45 Health Hints X47 The Life Force X48 Invocation '49 Breathing M9 Don't Turn Out Your Toes I49 Keen Eyes »5o Dry Footgear *. . . . x$o Ready Help • • ■ 'i>» Patriotism and Citizenship *S3 Hiking »S4 Sign Language *S<> Picture Writing »M Weather Signals «oo Railroad Signals '"9 Roof Camping '7* Individual Tally Book «7« Indian Names for the Months ^73 Chapter II. Campercra/t Camping Out *77 Outfitting • • Outfit for Six «78 Tents 'J^ Teepees Running Camp Camp Grounds . Arriving Sanitation 'J* Leadership Team Work '82 Camp Officers '83 Camp Program 183 Group Work 183 Rules 184 Inspections '84 Horn of High B il'<.rs 184 Woodcraft Council Ring 185 Ccnincils 185 Making Council Fire 186 Totem Pole 187 Beds 187 Water ^ 1S8 Mosquitoes 189 Lighting a Fire 189 Camp Cookery 191 CooUng Without Utensib • '9^ B Contanti Chapter III. Woodlope and Handicratt **" Edible WUd Plants 197 Mushrooms 200 White Man's Woodcraft — Measuring at a distance 204 Weather Wisdom ao6 When Lost in the Woods 208 Indian Tweezers 209 Indian Clock 210 The Watch as a Compass 210 Home Made Compass 211 Lights an Hunter's Lamp 211 Woodman's Lantern 211 Knife and Hatchet 213 A Waterproof Shelter 217 Camp Loom 218 Navajo Loom 219 Camp Rake , 221 Camp Broom , 221 Rubbing Stick Fire 222 Drum 224 The Woodcraft Willow Bed [225 Woodcraft Paints 229 Woodcraft Dyes 230 Lace or Thong 231 Woodcraft Buttons 231 Handicraft Stunts ,231 Miscellaneous 231 Spoons 233 Bird Boxes 234 Knots • 238 Blazes and Signs 240 Blazes 240 Stone Signs 242 Grass and Twig Signs 243 Smoke Signals 243 Signals by Shots 244 Raising Money 244 Chapter IV. Friends in the Out of Doors How to Know the Wild Things 247 Sixty-four Common Wild Flowers 250 The Woodcraft Girl in the Forest 262 Fifty Common Forest Trees 265 Contents sd The Stars 296 Forty Birds 303 Snakes, Good and Bad 330 SECTION IV WooDCRATT Exploits and Achicveuents or Coxtps and Degrees WooDCRAPi Exploits and Achievements .... 327 Coups 328 Their use 328 Class I — ^Athletics 328 Class II — Campercraft 338 Class III — ^Nature Study . 344 Class IV— Crafts 346 Class V — Entertainer 350 Class VI— Life Craft 351 Degrees 351 Their Use 351 List of Degrees— sixty-four in all 352 Index 41 z SECTION I ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION Woodcraft Women— Their Mes- sage to Woodcraft Girls How to Form a Tribe Meaning of tbie Comieil Bfaf Ceremony of Onud Council Modd Constitation for a Tribe The Inbringing of a Newcomer InstaUation of the Higher Ranks Conferring of Coups and Degrees WianfaicaNaiM . SECTION I ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION WOODCRAFT WOMEN Their Message to Woodcraft Girls Woodcraft is thescienceof overcoming the daily obstacles of life and the real Woodcraft v. tman of all times is the one who knows and fearlessly stands for the big and worth^i«^iile things. This was the spirit of Grace Darling, who watched at the Longstone lighthouse and risked her life with undaunted courage in the midst of terrible storms to save the lives of shq>wrecked men, women, and children. This was the spirit that inspired Frances Willard, whose statue now stands in the Hall of Fame at Wadiington, a noble woman whose life resulted in good to the women of the Nation and to every one because of her work for temperance and progress. This was the thought that sustained Florence Nightingale, who during the Crimean War did wonderful work as a nurse, and who organized the nurses into what was the forerunner of the Red Cross. It was such a spirit that controlled the life of Nancy Hanks Lincoh, who molded her son Abe along the lines of integrity and developed those rare and noble moral traits which have given to Lincoln his spotless character and ever-enduring fame. It was such a spirit that inspired Susan B. Anthony to labor unceasingly for the alleviation of hard and cruel conditions that pressed upon women and to advocate an equaUty standard between men and women in all the phases of domestic andgovem- mental life. So active was she that a federal amendment to enfranchise women, bearing her name, has been submitted to Congress ever smce 1869. It was such a spirit that caused Elizabeth CaJy Stanton to de- vote a long and brilliant life to the ^^^te.*^ 'ent or women. H^r a 4 Woodcraft Manual for Girls young soul burned with rebellion at the injustice to women which she heard rehearsed in her father's law office and when she found the college closed to her because of her sex, althc ^h she was a more brilliant scholar than any of her brothers. She was chiefly responsible for the holding of the first Women's Rights Conven- tion at Seneca, 1848. The spirit which drove these wonderful women is the spirit of the Woodcraft Girl. The Woodcraft Girl of to-day is healthy. She knows how to live so as to have the overflowing sense of power. She is eager to get acquainted with the things in nature, the birds, the trees, the flowers, and to protect the beautiful things of her country. She sees the beauty of the sky and knows something of the mystery of the stars. She knows where to camp, how to sleep, how to cook, how to live comfortably in primitive conditions. She knows, too, how to make home happy and attractive, how to make her clothing, how to care for and make friends with the little children. She knows how to meet people simply and in a manner which makes every one at their best. She is brave in the presence of external dangers and in facing her own problems. She does her best, wmitever her station may be, conscious of the Great Spirit's presoice and honors Him in her life. Woodcraft says to all girls who would know the secrets of the woods, who would know the youth which comes from service and the secret tmil to the upland of success: come, learn Uie meaning of the Council Ring, the Council Fire, and the frioid- ship of the Tribe. As you learn them the other things will come mto your heart as gently as the crystal is formed in the heart of the rough hard emery rot , to be known at length as the best and rarest of all gems. And it may be that it can be said of you, as it was said of old of one of the first great women of America, Wetamoo, the woman Sachem of Pocassett (1662): "She was straight and supple; her simpie habits, active life, and her daily exposure to the healing sun rays had kept her figure girlish even at late age. She knew the ways of the Council IfaU, so that she was never embarrassed by questions or inter- ruptions. She was at home in the woods so that neither deep waters nor prowling dangers of the night could shake her heart with dismay, and she found the lasting interest that all may find in the simple daily things of the outdoor world. She was gentle and courteous because she knew her rights and the rights of others, and when she spoke to man or woman, old or young, it was in the same quiet dignity, so that the lowliest were not Organization S cowed; the proudest did not dare a rude advance; and all her glory in all her life to her untimely end, when she swam Swansea inlet in the storm, was in the kindly service of the folk i^ut her." HOW TO FORM A TRIBE OF WOODCRAFT GIRLS To Become a Woodcraft Girl One may easily become a Woodcraft Girl, either by joining a Tribe already organized or by forming a new Tribe. Get to- gether nine other girls, twelve years of age or over and a woman twenty-one years of age to act as a Head Guide. Let each read the Birch Bark Roll for Girls carefully, so you may know what Woodcraft is and send to Headquarters for Application for Charter. Then select a name for the Tribe, usually of historic or special interest and often an Indian name; also select a totem. Have the girls sign the Application for Charter. Send the Application with three dollars to the National Headquarters, the Woodcraft League, 13 West Twenty-ninth Street, New York City, where the Coundl of Guidance will act on your Applica- tion and give your Tribe a Charter. To Start a Tribe The Tribe is the unit of organization, consisting of not less than ten nor more than fifty members. Each Tribe is divided into Bands of not less than five nor more than ten members. Each Band has a Guide, a woman eighteen years of age or over. One of the Guides should be selected as Head Guide of the Tribe and must be twenty-one years of age or over. The Guides direct the work of the Bands, the Head Guide being responsible to Headquarters. In beginning it is wise to have the officers temporary or for a short time only. Elect, or have the Guide appoint, a Chief, a second Chief, a Taily Keeper, and Wampum Keeper. Decide the time and place of your meetings, the dues (about five cents a week is usual), and other matters nf a similar nature. You should then divide the group into Bands of not less than five girls and not more than ten. Each Band diould elect, or the Guide appoint, a Chief, and if meeting separately, a Tally Bleeper and Wampum Collector, who shall report to the Tribal oSBcen. Woodcraft Manual for Oiila 7 Band Meetings Each Band should select a Band name and totem. The Band should hold a weekly meeting followed by a Tribal meeting (of all the Bands), or it may be dedded to make the tribal meet- ings less frequent. Charter The Charter, costuig $3.00 annually, certifies that the Tribe is registered at Headquarters and entitles the Tribe to a definite place in the Woodcraft League, to recognize achievements ac- cordhig to the Birch Bark RoU for Girls and to wear the badges of the League. With the Charter comes a Guide's Appoint- ment, also two Pledges to be pasted in the Tally Book, one for the members to sign and one for the officers to sign. The $3.00 charter fee covers all the expenses of chartering a group regard- less of its size (up to fifty). Individual bad' ^ of rank should be purchased as needed. See p. 23. A Meetinc Plaee One of the very first problems the Tribe will have to face is that of providing a place to meet. It should be comfortable, clean, quiet, and large enough to seat the Tribe in a circle. For the Band meeting a smaller room will do. If the room is used by others it will be necessary to use it without change ; but when a tribe has entire control of a room, or when the room is used by more than one tribe, it will be possible to 6x it up ..o as to suggest an outdoor coimcil ring, the interior of a log cabin or stockade. For the outdoor ring see page 185. Councils In the Woodcraft League the meetings .of the Bands and Tribes are called Councils. A weekly meeting would be called Regular Council, a ineeting with a more elaborate program and with visitors is called Grand Council. A meeting of the Guides and officers is called High Council. One at least of the Guides should familiarize herself with the running of the Qnmdl, as sora as possible. REGULAR COUNQL If it is possible, open the meeting by making the fire with the rubbing sticks, in which case thr Leader should b^;in with the 8 Woodcfaft Bfaimal for GIrii paragraph " Now light we the Councfl Fire," as on page 25, end- ing with the paragraph, "That His Wisdom will be with us." (If matches are used omit the above.) Continue as follows: From this central fire, light we our candles four, standing each for Fortitude, Truth, Beauty, and Love, from which radiate the twelve golden li ws of Woodcraft." The Guide (or Chief) now speaks from the Council Rock: "Let the Keeper of the Tally call the roll." In large meetings this is done by Bands. Each Leader stands as her Band is called by name, salutes the Chief, and says: "0 Chief, Ten of our Band— all here," or "Eight here," as the case may be. After this is done, the regular order of parliamentary business is followed as below. ORDER OF DOINGS IN COUNCILS Roll CaU. Tally of Last Councfl or Report of TaUy Keeper. Report of Wampum Keeper. Business arising out of tally. . , . Scouts' Reports, also officers of the day. (This mcludes: first, all unusual work done for the Tribe by a member and is reported by the Guide; second, all matters of interest, particularly those relating to nature study by members of the Tribe.) Leftover Business. . For the Good of the Tribe. (At this point members may bring up any matter which ordinarily would not come up under other heads. Matters of discipline, etc.) , Achievement Badges claimed and awarded. (Previously jiassed in committee.) ' ' New Business. New Members. Initiations. Challenges, etc. (These may be athletics of any sort either at the Council ring or otherwise. They may also include challenges at story telling, dancing, singing, cooking, fire- lighting, nature study. The haUenger arises, salutes the Chief, and says: "O Chief I, of ^Band challenge of Band.") Games. (These may be individual such as hand wrestlmg, chicken fighting; or group games, such as "stung, etc. They may also include sudx things as, movies, etc.) S<»igs, dances, stories. Of^ttiJiAtioii 9 Close the Council with the Omaha Tribal Prayer as all stand about the fire with hands and faces upraised. The Chief then announces, "Our Council is ended." DECOKUK or couroL In the Council no one may cross or remain within the open space, except the Chief presiding, the members speaking or performing, and the Keeper of the Fire when attending to her duties. ]^evertheless the Fire Keeper must not tend the fire at a time when it will interfere with any performance or distnct attention at an important moment. For assent or approval, we say "How"; for "No" we say "Wah"; the Chief at the "Council Rock" is addressed "O Chief," and speaks not from the chair, but from the "Council Rock." Any one wishing to speak, arises, salutes, giving the Woodcraft sign as given on page 24, says, "O Chief" and waits until the Chief recognizes her by name or gesture, thus giving the sole right of speech for the time. It is not proper to whisper in Council, nor to laugh when a serious matter is being presented, nor look around much, nor heed not the speaker, nor should one make noise or tap with one's feet or hands, or with a stick, or chew or eat or lounge about, or lie down, nor turn tc loci: when some one arrives late, but in all ways act as though each speaker were great and important, however much she may be otherwise. For this is good manners. The order of ceremony for Grand Council is found on page 25. INDOOR COUNCIL In the Indoor Council use the Four Fires, as illustrated, consisting of a flat centre 18 x 18 mches, decorated with animals to represent the four cor- ners of the earth. In the centre should be placed a shallow earthen dish to act as a fire bowl to hold the fire after it has been made by the rubbmg sticks or matches. Around this central fire are placed f'^ur pottery socketaior 10 Woodcraft Manual for Girls the four candles. The candles should be long enough to bum two hours; the centre fire » allowed to die out after toe candles are lighted. (FdHkm the cerenumy of the Rqpdar CooadL) The Woodcraft Laws The laws for the Woodcraft Girls (and for the lea^rs as far as possible) are: X. Be Brave. Courage is the noblest of all gifts. 2. Be Silent while your elders are q[)eaking and otherwise show them deference. 3. Obey. Obedience is the first duty of the Woodcraft Girl. 4. Be Clean. Both yourself and the place you live in. 5. Understand and respect your body. It is the Temple of the Spirit. 6. Be a friend of all harmless wild life. Conserve the woods and flowers, and especially be ready to fight wild-fire in foiest ox in town. 7. Word of honor is sacred. 8. Play fair. Foul play is treachery. Q. Be Reverent; worship the Great Spirit and respect all wor- ship of Him by others. 10. Behind. Do at least one act of unbargaining service every day. 11. Be helpful. Do your share of the work. 13. Be joyful. Seek the joy of being alive. When brought m*o some new; group such as the school or club, one is naturally anxious to begin by makiv a ^ood im- pression oir the others, by showing wliat one can do, provmg wliat one is made of, and by making clear one's serioumess in asking to be enrolled. So also those who form the group; they wish to know whether the newcomer is made of good stuff, and is Ukely to be a valuable addition to thdr number. The result is ndiat we call initiation trials, the testing of the newcomer. The desire to initiate and be initiated is a /try ancient, deep- laid impiilse. Handled judiciously and undt r me direction of a competent adult guide, it becomes a powerful fnroe for char- acter building, for inculcatmg self-control. In Woodcraft we carefully sdect for these try-outs such tests as demonstrate the charactor and ability Of the newcomor, and OigMiiistkMi II the initiation becomes a real proof of fortitude, so that the new girl is as keen U. face the trial, as the Tribe she would enter is to give it THE IKTriATION THAU The trial should be approved by the Council and be given to the candidate when her name is proposed for membership — that is, posted on the Totem pole where it remains for seven suns. In ramp a iltuxtar time may be allowed at the diseretioii green. fmbtdy-ptaMy-ptabtiy wbktled. BUCK Pnipla o« bhM. AthifflwUMk. Black and wUte for Red Imm, Amber Loon, etc., on Uoe ground. A tnmulous niibM. u MUSTANG Black Mustang, Red Mus tang, and Wild Horse; on yellow ground. Aloof w BUCKHORN. Bhck buck, etc. on pak green ground. Ailiiffl.kiHkwwiMB.. A FORKED LIGHTNING Rad or yellow on bhmrwu Pitt ittiti^ OAMRD Black and uMla. Oigwnization SILENT BEAVER Brown on blue. No BMWtli— no ay 8HUNKA-REELA. (ninning fox) YtHem and black ob pah blue. STINGRAY Gnn with Madk ouukt < INkhndgimud. RED-GODS Red on pale bhw. BADGER WUte and black oo yOkm ground. A rattling wbi^ BLAZING STAR YaOmr sttr-nd WHOOPING CRANE White on blue ground — black wing. iM-fM, a tiumpeted cnak. WOLVERINB Black and pale blOWB white. BLUE MOON Pale blue on deep gieea. Any kaowB aJgkt i6 Woodcraft Manu«u for Girls BUGLINO ELK Daifc brown on iom nd. MOOSE Black on ptle gnan. A long ntooth bdlow. CAT-IN-THE-NIGRT Gnyoabbck. F n mn m COYOTE Brawn nnd white on ytSkm. Y»» p - y o» p -yak-y»m in m- cending ^ ISm • coyote^ buk. FLYING EAGLE White and brown on pale blue. FIRE-MOUMTAIN BAND. Bhw monntaitt, nd flamet OB Mack. WHITE MOUNTAINS or SNOW PEAK BAND White on dark blue. THUNDERBIRD ■ Daik blue on yellow, white head. U^tnlng cooMa fram Ida ore. MOHAWE Black and nd en oUve green* ARROW FOOT Redonbhwfidd. Gfay with hUdk maAa on • led ground. A high iHtched quavering SUNRISE BAND Yellow on pale blue. Call a loud Yo-io, yo-ie, yo- k» on aec a nrtln g noMa. Organitatkm 17 LIGHT HEART lad OB p«le Una. ARROWHEADS Tuquoise blue anxnr OD dark brown. BLUE SKY Large blue circle on white. OJIBWA Orange on pale blue. Peace Wboop. RED ARROW Red on white. Zip-up BLACKFOOT Black and red. KINGSNAK^ YAxr with red spots, fVDOBd pale green. FLYING PATROL oc FLEET FOOT « WINGED HEEL. White CO red. / DEERFOOT YcOoir and black on Una- HORSESHOE Blue on pale yaOow. 0% SHINING MOUNTAIN Dark blue semi-drcle with WAR QUILL WUte feather bhuk tip and red tuft on yellow. YELLOW QUILL AO ydaw with bladi OB pala graan* THE SEVEN STARS Pale pink on dark Uua. RED-HAND Red hand on gmr. B9 SNAPPER BAND Badcalaiiniihi, z8 Woodcraft Mantial for Giils REQUIREMENTS IN THE BIG LODGE Wayseeker To qualify for a Big Lodge— that is, to enter as a Wayaeekc one must: Be over twelve years of age. Know the twelve laws and state the advan- tages of them. Take one of the initiations. Be voted in unanimously by other members of the group. Wayseeker Having passed this, the candidate becomes ^ a Wayseeker and receives the Big Lodge Badge of the lowest rank, tliat is, with two green tassels on it. The next hi^er rank is that of Pathfinder. Pathfinder To win the rank of Pathfinder, the Wayseeker must know the Star Spangled Banner and take the following fifteen tests: X. Have one month's honorable service without stain on record in Big Lodge as Wayseeker. 2. Walk four miles in two hours and write a satisfactory account of it. 3. Swim fifteen yards. (If this is impos- sible, the Tribal Council may substitute five minutes' daily calisthenics, followed by a wet or dry rub, for one month.) 4. Enlist a new member m one of the lodges. 5. Know the Pole Star, the twp Dippers, and at least uree other constellations. 6. Know ten forest trees, leaf and trunk. 7. Know ten wild flowers by observation. 8. Know fifty signs of the Sign Language. 9. Know ten totems as found in the aty; or ten edible wild plants. 10. Transplant successfully four kinds of trees, flowers, or plants, or make a bird box or restaurant, according to specifica- tions of the Audubon Society, and see that it is properly placed. 11. Prepare of wildwood materials only, and lirfit tmee suc- cessive camp fires with three matches; or siqqply wwkdeolt ptc\M firewood for cooking three camp meals. 12. Tie five of the foSowing standajrd knots and know w sir Pathfinder Oiganlutioii 19 uses: double bow, running noose, square, whip a rope's end, timber hitch, bowhne, hard loop, clove hitch, eye splice. 13. Understand and demonstrate the use of hammer and saw (such as putting a shelf in a wooden box), or understand and demonstrate use of hatchet and whittKng knife (under adult gmdance.) 14. Make a beaded head band, or show samples of the ten following stitches: running, overhanding, felUng, backstitching, hemming, gathering, darning, patching, herrmgbone, buttonhole. 15. Care for your own room in house including mak- ing bed, dusting, keeping tidy for one week, or set table or wash dishes for at least three persons for six meaJs during a week's time. When these tests have been satisfactorily passed the member is called out in Council, the Guide in charge tells of it in as much detail as is needed. Then taking a pair of scissors or a knife, announces: "Now, thereiore, acting for the Council, I clip from this mem- ber's badge, the first emblem of inexperience, the tassel of green, and consign it to the flames." Then shaking hands with the candidate says: " I now dedue complete your installaticm as a Pathfinder." Winyan To win the rank of Winyan, meaning "A Girl Tried and Proven" the following fifteen tests must be taken: 1. Cook a meal with no utensils but a hatchet and what one can make with it, or cook three digestible meals by camp fire for not less than three persons. 2. Know the essentials of camping, induding where to camp, how to put up a tent and pre- pare for rain, where and how to erect a latrine (see Campmg, Section III). "mnyia t^'^.^°'^ ^^""^^ "ake of wildwood materials, either a com- fortable ramproof shdter suitable for over-night, or a dry com- i(Mrtable camp bed. tit * serviceaWe rushes, grass or wood fibre (rf wildwood IS not obtamable, straw, hay, or com husks may be used) , or make a sUck bed. S- Row a boat one-half mile in twenty minutes. 0r (if one can swmi) paddle a canoe in same time. v 6. Take a six-mile hike most of wWch is in the country and wnte a satisfactory account of it. w«««j •«« Woodcnu.^ Manual for GMa 7. Know fifteen native wild birds from observation in street, field, or woods. 8. Know ten native wild quadrupeds. 9. Know ready help for cuts, poisoning, faint ing, dislocations, and sprains, as found on page 151. 10. Show by exanunation and practice an acquaintance with the essentials of etiquette as used in Woodcraft Council and in daily acts. 1 1. Run a Council and teach a dance or song. 12. Spend at least three hoiurs a week for two weeks helping in home duties. 13. Keep temper quite unruffled, or speak no evil of any one, for one moon. 14. After consultation with Guide al^tain from besetting sin for two months. 15. Write a composition of not less than 1,000 words on three American women whose lives have had great influence on the nation. Now, as before, the Guide testifies in Council, the Pathfinder has the last green tassel cut from her Badge and is installed as a Winyan of the Big Lodge. Titles and Officers Head Guide — One at least twenty-one years of age, of good character, associated with some Woodcraft Tribe and actually giving time to leading in Woodcraft work. Also qualified or willing to qualify within a y^T as Gleeman or Council Leader. (See Degrees.) Is responsible to Headquarters for work of Tribe. Guide — One at least eighteen years of age, of good character, willing to give time to leading a Band in Woodcraft work. Is commissioned by Headquarters upon recommendation of the Head Guide. Shaman — a Guide who has qualified as Camper, Camp Doc- tor, Camp Coc'i, and Council Leader. Chief— A member of a Tribe appointed as Leader by the Guide or elected by tht members of the Tribe with the Guide's approval. She acts as the representative of the members (should team to run the Cuuncil), and cooperates with the Guide in conducting the work of the Tribe. Band Chief— A member of one of the Bands appointed as leader by the Guide or elected by the members of the Band with the Guide'f approval. She acts as the representative of the OiymiMtion ai members and co6p«rates with tbt Guide iff OMKiucting the work of the Band. Tally Keeper— A mei iber of the Tribe apprinted by the Guide, or elected by the Tribe with the approvalof the Guide, to act as Secretary and keep the Tally. Wampum Keeper— A member of the Tribe appointed by the Guide, or elected by the Tribe with the approval of the Guide, to act as Treasurer. Sometimes it may be wise to have one member hold both this and the preceding office. Band Tally and Wampum Collector— A member of a band appointed by the Guide or elected by the Band with the approval of the Guide to act as Secretary for the Band and to coUect dues of the members. Reports to the Tribal officers. Wayseekkr— The lowest rank in the Big Lodge. Patkhnder— The next or second rank in the Big Lodge. WiNYAN— The highest rank in the Big Lodge. Father and Mother Councillor— Adult relative or friend, interested in work, welfare, and support of the Tribe, but not necessarily giving as much time as a Guide. Sagamore — A member who has achieved twenty-four Coups. Grand Sagamore— One who has achieved twenty-four Grand Coups. Sachem— A member who has achieved forty-eight Coups. Grand Sachem— A member who has achieved forty-eieht Grand Coups. Fire Keeper— A member of a Band or Tribe appointed by the Chief to attend to the Council Fire for any given period. Watch Lodge— It has been found very valuable in soi. o cases to have a group of select -d members of the Tribe who will assist at times when discipline necessary. This group may be called by any appropriate name, but should be called upon only in emergency. Band— A group of not less than five nor more than ten mem- bers under a Band Chief and a Guide. Tribe— A group of not less than two Bands, that is,at least ten members, chartered from Headquarters and empowered to confer Badges and Degrees according to the Laws of the Birch Bark KoU under aChief and a Head Guide appointed by Headquarters. The maxunum number in a Tribe is fifty members. Badges blStoS^^^ of the Woodcraft League is a white shield with 22 Woodcraft Manual for Girls That of the Girls' Big Lodge has in addition a circle open at the bottom and enclosing a blue background with a purple four- pointed star, in the centre of which is an orange or flame-colored circle. On the outer circle between the points of the star are four small spots, indicating the four comers of the earth. That of the Little Lodge has an incomplete circle and a small brown lodge on it. The crown on the Chief's badge is in each case blue. That of the Coup is a black and white eagle feathor embroid- erer^ in wash silk. That of the Grand Coup is the same with a red tuft on the eod. That of the Sagamore has a crown with five p>oints. That of the Grand Sagamore, Sachem, and Grand Sachem is made in the same way as the Sagamore bodge with ihe addition of red tufts, etc. The badges for degrees are red squares (with a design in black) and blue horns. That of the Guiae nas a trail on it. That of the Shaman has on it the four mountains of attain- ment. The robe badge for degree is the Zuni Coil in the cue oi which is the emblem of the degree. The Head Band for the Girls' Big Lodge is composed of blue teraees on a white background. That of the Little Lodge has brown squares with a white back- ground. The Meaning of t^c Badges The badge of the Woodcraft League is an ancient Indian totem composed of a pair of horns attached to a shield ; the horns mean- ing "attack "and the shield " defense" ;the idea symbolized being, " trained ana ready..' ' This is used bv all in the League, whether boy or girl, Little Lodge or Adult. T le blue on the badge is to remind us of "Blue Sky," which is our watchword. For under the blue sky, in the sunlight, we seek to live our lives; and our thoughts are of "Blue Sky," for that means "cheer"; and when there are clouds, we know that the blue sky is ever behind them, and will come again. On the girls' badges the four-rayed star stands for the four- fold life reaching out to the four comers of the earth from the great central fire. The rays of the star are Fortitude, Beauty, Truth, and Love. They correqxmd with the four little fires about the Council Fire. The (»ange drde in the cmtn is the OffuiiailkMi 2$ WOODCBATT GIRLS' BAD0B8 Wayseeker Pathfinder rM>< n n ^ StguKne Gnnd Sagamon SadMm Gmd Guide liediciiie Womaa C(wpB«lge IB! GittdCoq. Degree Zwni Coil Badges Blanket Uegiee Badge *o o (UTILE LODGE) Wood Brownie Water Brownie Rn Brownie CUef Head Bands 34 Woodciaft Mamud for Giflf symbol for fire, the gift of the Great Spirit and a help to ber Him. The four corners of the earth, the green patches on the outer rim, indicate that the Woodcraft Girl is prepared to meet life on every side, even as "the tower, four square to every wind that blows." The dark circle, encircling the whole, denotes continuity and completeness, but it is open at the bottom to symbolise that there is always an entrance for a new thought or growth. Salute The salute is given with the right hand with all the fingers closed to the palm, except the little finger and the thumb and the hand raised level with the head. The hand sign of the girls is the "Sun in the heart, rising to the Zenith," given by the right hand being placed over the heart, the first finger and the thumb making a circle then swinging the forearm so the hand is level with the forehead. The Meaning of the Council Ring Why do we sit in a drde around the fire? ThatisanoldsttHy and a new one. In the beginning, before men had fire, they were forced to sit up in the trees and shiver all night as they looked down at the shining eyes in the bushes below— the eyes of fierce creatures ready to destroy them. But fire, when it was found, enabled man to sit on the ground all night, for the brute beasts feared it and stayed afar. It afford- ed him protection, warmth, a place of meeting and comfort. All the good things that we think of when we say "home" belong to the place around the fire. And when man began to think of such matters, he accepted the fire as the Great M3rstery. Still Uiter, as he realized that the Sun was the Great Mystery by day, he reasoned that there could not be two great mysteries; therefore, V\e. Invisible Cause bdbind these two must be the cme Great lih -^e\y ; and in this was the first thought of true religion. All of these things are deep in our nature, ground m thro the ages as we sat about the fire of wood that was our nighuy guardian in the forest. And all of these ancient thoughts and memories are played on, whether we realize it or not, when we gather ir; a circle about the Council Fiie. Ther. , ^oo, a circle is the best way of seating a group. Each has hei ^ 'a>^ and is so s^t^d ?is to see everything and be seen Organization l)v everybody. As a result each feels a vcrv real part in the proceedings as they could not feel if there were corners in which one could hide. The circle is dignified and it is democratic. It was with this idea that King Arthur abolished the old-fashioned long table with two levels, one above the salt for the noble folk and one below for the common herd, and founded the Round Table. At his table all who were worthy to come were on the same level, were brothers, equal in dignity and responsibility; and each in honor bound to do his share. The result was a kindlier spirit, a sense of mutual dependence. These are the thoughts in our Council Ring. These are among the reasons why our Council is always in a circle and if possible around the fire. The memory of those long-gone days is brought back again with their simple, reverent spirit, their sense of brotherhood, when we sit as our people used to sit about the fire and smell the wood smoke of CouncU. Ceremony of Grand Conndl When the members have familiarized themselves with the work they will want to invite their friends and hold Grand Council, introducing various things, such as dramatic dances, songs, etc., in addition to the regmr Doings in Council. The following order is suggested for the (^ning: When all are assembled and seated, give a short roll of the drum. Then let the Guide or the appointed Chief of the Council call out : " My friends, give ear— we hold a Council " ; or if the Indian words are preferred, "Yo-hay-y- Yo-hay-y-y; Meetah Kola Nahoonpo Omnee-chee-yaynce-chopi. If one of th^ members is to make the fire with the rubbing sticks, the Chief, still standing, now says in a loud, clear voice: "Now light we the Council Fire after the manner of the forest chudren, even as Wakonda himself doth light his fire— liy the rubbing together of two trees in the storm wind, so cometh forth the sacred fire from the wood of the forest." (She uses the drill; the smoke comes, the flame bursts forth ) "Now know we that Wakonda the Great Spirit hath b<«n pleased to smile on His children, hath sent down Uic ^civd fire. By this we know He will be present at our Council, that His wisdom will be with us." ir-\— t ceremony the Chief puts a handful of red AJnUumk (red wUlow), or a local substitute mbced with white cedar wood m the little fire bowl, so that the smoke and its fia- 36 Woodcraft Manual for Girls grance are diffused and says; " As the Great Central Fire of all reaches out to the Four Corners of the earth and kindles bkudng lights, so at our sacred symbol fire light we our lamps, one each for Fortitude, Beauty, Truth, and Love. And while these lights are blazing bright, we know that we shall grow." Four candies are there on the Shrine of this our symbol Fires, And from them reach twelve rays — twelve golden strands of this the Law we hold: From the Lamp of Fortitude are These Be Brave; for fear b in the foundation of all ill; iinffinrhingnfas is strength. Be SiUfU. It is harder to keep silence than to speak in the hour of trial, but in the end it is stronger. Obey; for obedience means self-control, which is the sum of the law. And These are the Rays from Beauty's Lamp y Be Clean; for there is no perf.ct beauty without cleanliness of body, soul, and estate. The body is the sacred temple of the !^irit, therefore reverence your body. Cleanliness helps first yourself, then those around, and those who keep this law are truly in their country's loving service. Understand and respect your body. It is the temple of the spirit, for without health can neither strength nor beauty be. Protect all harmless wild life for the joy its beauty gives. And These are the Kays froan 0x9 iMop of Ttulk Hold your word of honor sacred. This is the law of truth, and any one not bound by this cannot be bound; and truth is wisdom. Play Fair; for fair play is truth and foul play is treachery. Reverence tite Great Spirit, and all Worship of Him f to take our part among our fellows in aU the prob ems which arise, rejoicing when some trial comes that tabernad J^""^' ^ *° worthy m. Who May Enter Those who are twelve years of age, who know the law, who are acceptable to the Band and who can show themselves worthy according to an estabUshed initiation. M begin at the lowwt r3.nK« Those who would enter must be admitted to a Band which is already part of a Tribe, or is afterward made such. IV. Councils A Council of the Tribe should be held in the first part of each moon or oftener. *^ Each Band should hold a weekly meeting. The yearly CouncU for the elecUon of officers shaU be held on the first sun of the Leaf Falling Moon (October) or as soon after as possible. • • ^'^^V ^J^"-^' H^^ger (Feb.), Crow or Waken- ing (March), Grass (April), Planting (May), Rose Hune), J^^^L (^"g-^; (Sept), Leaf-tang (Oct.), Mad (Nov.), Long-night (Dec). Special Council may be caUed by the Chief with the approval of the Guide, and must be called by her upon the written rMuest of one fourth of the Council or one third of the Tribe A quarter of the whole number shaU be a quorum of the Council or Tnbe. « V. The Rulers of tlie Tribe (See Titles, page ao) The ZTeorf Guide, responsible to Headquarters, is chief ruler. Outdes, responsible to the Head Guide. .S'^i^'^-'f^^i^ sometimes appointed by the Guide; this officer should be strong and acceptable, for the emef is the leader, must enforce the laws, has charge of the standard which bears the totem of the Tribe, and is the represen- tative of the members. OigBsixitioB 29 The Second Chief takes the Chief's place in case the latter is absent; is elected by the whole Tribe. Taily- Keeper; elected by the members,or appointed for one year by the Guide or Chid, and is charged with keeping the records. Enters nothing in the records, except as oommtuided by the Council; should be an artist. Wampum Keeper. Appointed for one year by the Guide or elected by the members to keep the records and public property of the Tribe. Shoiild have a lock-box or small trunk to keep valuables in. Sometimes one member holds more than one of these offices. The Guides appointed by Headquarters, the Tribal and Band Chiefs, and the Sachems and Sagamores by right of their Honors, together form the High Council or Governing Body of the All disputes, etc., are settled by the Guide, the Chief, and Council. The Council makes the laws and fixes the dues. The Chief enforces the laws with the support of the Guide. All rulers are elected or appointed for one year, or imtil their successors are chosen. The election to take place on, or as soon as possiUe af to:, the first Sun c$ the Leaf FalUng Ho ; -T^^y ^° ^" * of Coups and Degrees, tip T^S 1° the length of tune it shoSd take for aU Z L"^.?.^ ^ • '•^'^ and aDot to each ^c^ hif ^11 k °^ t"^J^*' ^° ^ covered. In thiswayeachmcu.. ber will have a chance to grow with the others. ^"^"^ eame " "r^fSlP the Tribe "play the Kcemlif ^^^tep jnan ever took in his long history of iS^^tlnT" T^^'^tS^ ^^"^^ to cooperate ^ti^ others, games sin«T .hS k quittersrwhether it be ii:- MaL« 'ik^^' business, or in the learning of new things Make them see that the w:.ole value of the Tribe wiU de^^d 38 WoodeiafI Iftmud for Oirb upon tht amount of loyalty and team work each member puu into it, fw ^ "TU strength of the pack is the wolf; The strength of the wolf is the pack." Here are a few suggestions for covering the tests for Pathfinder ' m three months and the Winyan in five. It can be done though your Tnbe may prefer to cover the ground more slowly. T1?e , , numbers mdicate the numbers of the tests. These suggest i- < I cover only the tests. At every Council you shouW iutro- duce songs dances, primitive history, legends, storiesand natare narraUves, handicraft, etc (Tkne montitt) \ FirsI Month: First week: Organization council; choose name, totem and officers; explain purpose of Woodcraft Girls, ceremony, etc. becondweek: Above continued— Laws; give out initiaUons. j ^^l^ Swear in mcnben and officers: Tnn (6); f Hike and account (a); Fourth week: Knots (is). Second Month: First week: Stars (5). ; Second week: Ten totems or edible wild pfants (o): EnUst new members (4) ; Home help (is); Swim 5)7 Third week: Wild flowers (7). ^ Fourth week: Check up work done— optional wwk. I Third Month: I First week: Sign language (8). Second week: Hatchet and knife or hammer and saw (13): prepare wood for fires (11). i '^'^^ ^k: Bird box, bird restaurant, or transplant trees, I flowers or plants (10). • Fourth week: Bead work and ^wing (14). WiofaB (Flw «M^) First MotiOk: First week: Rubbing stick fire. Second week: Birds (7). Third week : Hikes and accounts (6). Fourth week: Tertandktriiie (a)ieMe&tiabo