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•Mcaocopv nsounioN tbt chart 
 
 (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 
 
 ^m^ 
 
 A 
 
 /APPLIED IIVMGE Inc 
 
 16S3 East Main Street 
 
 Rochfsttr. New Yorh 14609 uSA 
 
 (716) 482 - 0300 - Phofw 
 
 (716) 2B8 - 5989 - Fo» 
 
fi/ 
 
 I, 
 
 CANADA 
 DEPARTMENT OF MINES 
 
 OKOLOOIOAZ. ■ PKVBT BmANCH. 
 
 HoM. W. TmpLrHAH, Minis™ ; A. 1". I/iw, Dibttt Mikwtm; 
 R. W. Bum, DiucTm. 
 
 THE 
 
 B 
 
 WHITEHORSE COPPER BELT 
 
 YUKON TERRITORY 
 
 UT 
 
 R. G. McCONNELL 
 
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 l^- 
 
 bCA 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 PRINTED BY C. H. PARMELEE, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST 
 ■KaWfitilNT miKHTY.r^-- -.r .-.-.. tj 
 
 KjiTo:,,-.!, .-; V !! No. lOSO 
 
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 PuBt'Aii f-4S ov (iUijVi...r,;w-.:-iT I 
 
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I 
 
KVit 
 
<;AN;V|)A 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF MINES 
 
 aCOLOOIOAL ■VKTCT .IRANCH. 
 
 II >ii. TV. TiHi-LiiKii, UisiirM; A. r. Low, DtrcTT MmiitTU; 
 R. Vt. Bhcti, t)itv.Tcw. 
 
 Tin: 
 
 WJIITI liOUSE (OPPEIJ HKLT 
 
 Yl'KON TKIimTollY 
 
 II V 
 
 It. (J. McCONN Kf. L 
 
 O T T A W A 
 
 I'KlNTKIl 1!Y C. II. I'ARMEI.KK, I'KINTKU TO THE KIXCS MOST 
 
 KXCELLKXT .MA.IK.STY 
 
 1909 
 
 No. I»3U 
 
u. 
 
 fii^^Him 
 
R. W. Brock, Esq., 
 
 Dircctdr (itologk'al Survey Branch, 
 Dcpartintiit of lliiies. 
 
 Sir,— I beg to submit the following report on tlie geology ami 
 minerul resources of the Whitehorso district. The work on wliich 
 the report is baseil occupied four immlhs of the field season of llHlT. 
 
 The excellent topographical map v.hich accoiniianies the report 
 i,s compiled from surveys made by ilr. F. 11. MucLareu during the 
 same season. 
 
 I wa-s assisted in the field by Mr. II. M. ITaughton, and the 
 microscopic examination of the rock sections was also entrusted to 
 him. 
 
 My thanks are due to Mr. R. A. A. .lohiiston, of this olTice, 
 for assistance in determining the mineral spccii-s; to Mr. Robert 
 Smart, territorial ass.iyer, Whitehorse, for several ore nnaly.-es, 
 and also for much general information regarding the grade of the 
 ores; to Mr. II. G. Dickson, D.L.S., for surveys of mining claims; 
 and to Mr. Robert Lowe, Mr. Elmendorf, Mr. Byron White, and 
 numerous other mine owners and managers, for assistance and 
 information. 
 
 The present report gives a general description of the larger 
 features of the district, but can scarcely be reganled as more than a 
 preliminary one. The eo\mtry is heavily drift covered, is almost 
 impassable in places from fallen tindier, and the work of delimiting 
 the tangled rock areas proceeded slowly, especially as no dctaileil 
 topographis map was available imtil onohad been conipileil, and which 
 occupied most of the season. Further work of a nitire detailed 
 character, in this important and extremely interesting district, is 
 advisable when practicable. 
 
 I have the honour to be, sir. 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 R. O. ilcCONNKI.L. 
 
 ClKOI.WilfAL SlRVKV OI'KICE. 
 
 May 12, 1908. 
 
 
CONTKXTH 
 
 I-ptter of Transmission iii 
 
 llistoriinl I 
 
 Situation and Coniniuniration S 
 
 TopoRrnphj- .T 
 
 Forest S 
 
 Waterpowor H 
 
 iMining Conditions fi 
 
 Climate 7 
 
 Kocks 7 
 
 General Statement 7 
 
 Limestones fi 
 
 I'orphyrites !> 
 
 Oranitic Rocks 12 
 
 Dikes n 
 
 Basalts 17 
 
 Glacial Deposits If 
 
 Economic Geology 20 
 
 <}eneral Characteristics of Ore Deposits 20 
 
 Ore Bodies 21 
 
 Ore and Gangue Minerals— Gold and Silver 20 
 
 ('opper Minerals 20 
 
 Zinc Minerals 2H 
 
 Antimony Minerals 28 
 
 Lead Minerals 2H 
 
 Molybdenum Minerals 2!) 
 
 Arsenic Minerals 20 
 
 Iron Minerals 29 
 
 Non-Metallic Minerals HO 
 
 Description of I'rincipal Mines and I'rospoit^ 33 
 
 Claims in the Central Part of the District S3 
 
 Claims iu the Northern I'art of the District 43 
 
 Claims in the Southern I'art of the District 53 
 
 Index 59 
 
 IIXrSTRATIONS. 
 
 Town of Whitehorse Frontispiece 
 
 Miles Canyon, Lewes Kivcr 17 
 
 Fijf. 1. — Outline of Arctic Chief Oro Hody on Main Level 35 
 
 Fiy. 2.- Section showing Alternating Hands of Ore, Limestone, and 
 
 Garnet 33 
 
 MAI'S. 
 
 1126— Central portion of Whitehorse Copper bolt: 400 feet = 1 inch. 
 
 1 »1— Geological and Topographical Map of Whitehorse Copper belt. 
 
 104t— Arctic Chief Mine. 
 
 lots— Grafter Mine. 
 
 104&— Empress of India Mine. 
 
 1047— Copper King Mine. 
 
 1048 — Best Chtnce ore body. 
 
 10)9— I'ueblo Mine. 
 
REPoirr 
 
 ON TIIK 
 
 WHITE MOKSE COPPER HELT 
 YUKON TKRIUTOHY 
 
 BY 
 K. G. McCoNNELL. 
 
 HISTORICAL. 
 
 The history of tlii' Whitiliorsr copixr hrlt diitis bai'k to tlie tarly 
 Klondike rn>h. Discoveries of copper eroppin)<s are rcix)rtcd to have 
 been made liy ininer.s on their way to Dawson in tlie sununer of 
 IS'J". The diseiA-erer.s were huntint; at tlie time, and the eroppintM 
 Were not located. 
 
 The credit of staking the first claim is dne to Jack ilclntyre, 
 who located the Copper King, July 6, ISUS. The Ora, a neighbouring 
 claim, was staked by John llanly on the same day. Later in the 
 same year the Anaconda was staked by W. A. Puckett, and the Big 
 and Little Chief by V\'m. McTaggart and Andrew Olesoii. In the 
 fidlowing year the district was pretty thoroughly prosjx-cted on the 
 surface, and most of the imi)<)rtatit claims, including the Pueblo, 
 Best Chance, Arctic Chief, Grafter, Valerie, War Eagle, ami 
 numerous others, were discovered and staked. 
 
 In 1899, trails were construct<>d to several of the claims from 
 Whitehorse, and development work was commencoil on the Copjwr 
 King, Anaconda, and Pueblo. Among the noteworthy evi'nts of that 
 year was the bomling of the Pueblo, and a group of adjoining chiinis, 
 to »hc British America Corporation. The bond was thrown up in 
 1901, after the cop-nletion of 2.'!.") fe-t of sinking and <lrifting, 
 through what has r iroved to be a lean, if not the leanest portion 
 
 of the lode. Xo !■ t mining was attempted on this claim until 
 1906. 
 631)1— 1 
 
 i 
 I 
 
 f 
 
* «KOI.O<iirAI. HIRVEY 
 
 Tho enrly .Icvdopmont on the Copper Kin^ was carriod out by 
 Mclntyro am! Oran^r. the owner., and consisted in sinking on 
 var,o„s surface cropping. In 1900 a small shipment of ore. the first 
 from the district, was made from this claim. The shipment was 
 made up of nine tons „f rich bornife ore. and is statcl to have 
 y...KIe,l 4«.40 per cent of copp..r. A second shipment «f 460 tons of 
 "1^11 grade ore «:,, mailc in 1903. 
 
 Other claims on which serious attempts at development were 
 made in the early days of the camp are the Arctic Chief. Anaconda. 
 Valene. and Orafter. Work on the large magnetite ore bmly of the 
 Arctic Chief was commenced in 1902, an.l has been prosecuted at 
 intervals ev r since. A shipment of 170 tons of selected ore was 
 made in 1004. A small shipment was also made from the Valerie 
 in 190.1. the only ore so far from the southern portion of the camp. 
 The early Orafter workings consisted of about 200 feet of sinking 
 and drifting, and those on the Anaconda of about 300 feet of drift- 
 ing. 
 
 Very little progress was made during the year 1904-5. and the 
 work done was practically limited to that required to hold the 
 various claims. The rising price of copper in 190« revived interest 
 in the camp, an.l a number of the most promising claims were sold 
 or bonded to in.lividu ds or companies. During the pa.st season active 
 development work was in progres.s on the Pueblo. (Jrafter Arctic 
 Chief. Best Chance. Copper King, War Eagle, and Valerie, and small 
 amounts of exploratory work were done on a number of other claims 
 extending all along the belt. 
 
 The total, amount of develop.nent work so far done in the 
 district, including that of the past season, does not exceed 3.500 feet 
 I'l; *"'«! ^'''P-^n*^ to various coast smelters aggregate about 
 4.000 tons. This slow progress in a camp containing so many favour- 
 able showings is remarkable, and is attributed mainly to delay in 
 providing proper transportation facilities. Mast of the important 
 .nines are situate,] at distances of from four to seven miles from the 
 present terminus of the White Pass railway at Whitehorse. and are 
 connected with it by wap,. , roads constructed by the territorial 
 government. The transportation charges to Whitehorse by wagon 
 amount to from $3 to $4 per ton. and from Whitehorse by rail and 
 steamer to the various coasf smelters to $6 per ton. The large iron 
 ore bodies on which the camp principally depends, are all compara- 
 
 ^ 
 
W UOKMK COl'PKK BKI.T ;{ 
 
 lively low grade, averaging about four per cent in copper, and the 
 margin of profit on the ores undir present conditions is small. 
 
 A spur from the main line of the White Pass railway has now 
 been located along a portion of the copper belt, connecting closely 
 with the principal mines, and cheaper transportation in the immetl- 
 iate future is assured. A largo tonnage, probably half a million 
 tons, is in sight at the various miiK^. as a result of recent devehip- 
 ment work, and extensive shipments are contemplated when the spur 
 is completed. 
 
 SITUATION AND COMMUNICATION. 
 
 The Whitehorse copper belt is situatol in the southern part of 
 the Yukon Territory, about forty-five miles north of the British 
 Columbia boundary, and extends along the valley of the Lewes river 
 — the principal feeder of the Yukon — for a distance of about twelve 
 miles. The town of Whitehorse, the distributing point of the 
 district, is distant 110 miles from Skagway, at the head of Lynn 
 canal, one of the numerous west coast fiords. Easy communication 
 with the coast is afforded by a well built narrow gauge railway, 
 constructed across the Coast range to Lake Bennett in 1898-9 to 
 facilitate transportation to the Klondike. In 1899-1900 the road 
 was extended down Lake Bennett to Careross, where it leaves 
 the present waterway, and follows a wide parallel valley, now 
 occupied for some distance by the Wa'son river, to Dugdale. Ilcrt 
 it rejoins the Lewes valley, and continues down it to the present 
 terminus at Whitehorse. a mile below the Whitehorse rapids. 
 
 Whitehorse, in addition to being the terminus of the railway 
 from the coast, is also the head of navigation on the Yukon. In the 
 summer season, lasting about five months, steamers sail regularly for 
 Dawson, a distance of 450 miles, connecting there with larger 
 steamers, which <Je>-cind to the sua, n further distance of 1,572 miles. 
 In the winter season communication is kept up by means of stages. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHY. 
 The .in feature in the topography of the district is the great 
 valley of the Lewes river. Opposite Whitehorse the valley has a 
 width, from base to base of the enclosing hills, of fully four niihw. 
 It is bordered on the east by Canyon mountain, a long symmetrical 
 limestone ridge, rising to a height of 2,500 feet above the valley 
 C361-li 
 
•* <.t:or,o(ii<'.\i. sruvKv 
 
 l...ltoin, iiikI 4,7.10 f,.,t ul.ovc till- H<tt. Tho w.-st.rii l...iiti.l.iry is nu.r.- 
 broken, and .-onsisU, from south to north, of tho ({ol.lrn IF..rn, n 
 prominent p..ak .'.,-»«») f,.,.t in height: a wi.l.. irnRiilnr ri.l^.. .-nhnin- 
 utinjf in Mount M.Int.vr.-." r,,-jm fret, ami Mount Ilu«-k.'l, S.:Ms 
 fwt in height. Tlirw <l(vationn urn stpaniteil by wi.le <lrift fillcil 
 tlcprc'ssions, ('Xti'iiilinff acnws tlio range-. 
 
 The .M>ntr.il i)orti,.n of the old pr.-»flH<-i«l vall.y is floored with 
 .silts and l)onl.l.-r .-lays, and through th.w the Lewes has eut the 
 narrow, winding secondary valley, about 2(X) f.Tt in depth, in which 
 it now flows. 
 
 The surface of the old valley rises gra.liially from the edges of 
 the seeon.lary valley to an elevation of about iMM) ff^t at the bases 
 of the enclosing ridges. It is rough and 'xeeedingly vari«-d in 
 character. Small plains underlaid by silt alternate with rolling 
 boulder elay hills ami ridges, ami these in turn are replaced at many 
 points by areas of low. liummocky, granite hills: and near Hoodoo 
 •■reek by small cliff bonlered basalt plateaus. Short terraees occur 
 fre<iuently, but ilo not form ccintinuou.s conspicuous lines along the 
 v.i'Icy. 
 
 A feature of the olil valley bottom is, the number of small 
 canyon-like valleys, from fifty to n hundreil feet or more in depth, 
 whi<'h incise its rocky floor in all directions. Some of these carrv 
 the present drainage fnmi the hills, while others are waterless, or 
 enclose small drainless lakes, and were evidently carved out by 
 temporary I'leistocene streams. 
 
 The streams of the district, with the exception of the Lewes 
 river, are all small. The most imjtortant are Wolf, Howloo, Melntyre, 
 and Porter envks. The derangement of the drainage system during 
 the glacial jxriod, and the partial <kflexion of the streams from 
 their old courses, is ilhistrated by tho varied character of their 
 valleys. These are sunk through drift, and are wide and irrcgi-lar 
 where the pre-glacial channels are followed, and after leaving them 
 become narrow rocky gf)rges. 
 
 The Lewes river, like the smaller streams, failed in places to 
 regain its old channel after the disappearance of the ice. Above 
 Whitehorse it swings to the west, away from its old course, and has 
 
 1 Namrd aftor .Taok Mrlntyre the first claim holder in the district. 
 t has be«ii calle<l Mt. Granger, but this name is used by Mr. Caiiiie.. to 
 desigaate a mountain near Coal lake, only a few miles away. 
 
WIirrKIIURMK «OP|'KH IIH.T 5 
 
 -link a lU'vi- (■linriiicl, M'VPrnl iiiiK'* in Ii'nirtli. tliroiipli the l«nsiilt chrct 
 wliicli licri' unilt'rlii's tlir drift. Mi'r* ••iin.v.m. niiil tin \Vhitrliiiri»<' 
 rapiiis, with tlir int< rvcniiijf stntcli of rapiil wiifir. arr tiic rr-iilts of 
 this deviation. Above, and below these obftruetiopi to its nnvifia- 
 tion, the I^wes wiilent nut, and flown tran<iuill.v nli>n»r a valley 
 exeavutfd entirely in drift. 
 
 • FORKST. 
 
 Tlie wide liottimi lands nf the Lc we.s viilley, in the vieinity of 
 Wiiitehorse, and the lower sloiien of the l«irderiii(j ridges, are 
 clothed ever.vwhere, exi'ept on a few dry hillsides and where fires 
 have passed, with an almost I'ontiiiiioiis and inoihTBtely dense forent 
 (rrowth. A.seendinjr the slo|ies the trees heeome dwnrfed and Feat- 
 tered, at an eli'vatioii of 1,700 feet alinve the river, or ;5,hO() f i et above 
 the sea. and .')(M( feet IukIut up etMse completely. The upper slopes 
 of the hifrher iM'aks and ridjjes are Imre. 
 
 The most important tree in the district is the white spruce — 
 (Pliea allia). It prows at all elevations, up to the timWr line. The 
 best groves are usuall.v found in /lats alonj; the various streams, and 
 in depressions in the lower slopes of the ridifcs. In favourable posi- 
 tions this tree attains a size of from 12" to 24", and occasional ex- 
 amples exceeding ."50" in liameter near the base were noticed. It 
 furnishes a strong, easily workeil timber, well adapted for the usual 
 mining needs. The black spruce (Piria iiiiirti) is common; but 
 never grows to a workable size. The black pine (Piniin Miirraitann) 
 occurs in ex.ensivc forests on the sandy l>enehes bordering the river. 
 The trees of this species are never large, seldom e.\ce<Mliiig 12" in 
 diameter, and the timber is weaker and less durable than that 
 obtained from the white spruce. The birch (Beluht papyrifem) is 
 only (H•ca^ionally seen, iiiid never attains a large size. The fir (Ahies 
 fulialpiiKi) is abundant near the timber line, and on the mountain 
 slopes immediately beneath it. The asiien (Papithix tiemiiloides), 
 and the balsam poplar (Popuhix I'llsnmifini). are both common. 
 
 The shrubs are represented principall.v by the alder, various 
 species of willow, some of which prow to a considerable size, and the 
 dwiirf birch (Beliiln glandiilosa). 
 
 Timber for mining purposes is plentiful at present, notwith- 
 standing the numerous de>tructive fires which have ravaged the 
 di-trict, and the supply in the immediate vieinity of most of the 
 principal claims is ample for some years to come. When this becomes 
 
 3 
 
'» OKOMMIirAI. NIRVKY 
 
 fxhaimtwl, tho notxU of th« ramp ran •ni.ily ktn mipplinl from the 
 forested valky* of tho tipiMr I-pwph •ml it* tril.utariw. 
 
 WATKRI'OWKK. 
 
 Th« Ix!wi'H river, four miUit above Whitehor«p, contracts ami 
 flowi* rapidly throiiKh Milrn canyon. The cany<<n has a length of 
 3.0()0 f»>i.t. H<-I<>w it the rivi-r wi.lrn« out. but continues swift down 
 to the Whitehorse rapids, distant 2 75 miles from the head of the 
 canyon. The fall of the river in tho canyon is IK 2 i in the 
 Whitehors«. rnpids l)-.5 feet, and in th. whole stretch of rapid water, 
 49 fct. Additional fall, if nee»-ssary, can easily !« obtained by 
 damming the river at the head of the canyon. Its width here ia 
 about 00 fjTt, and it is enclose.! betw.-en nearly vertical basalt walls. 
 
 The Lewes river, Hc<-ordiiiK to measurements ma<le by Mr. A. J. 
 Beaudette, territorial miniuK enRineer, has a flow at this point of 
 about i:i.'5,0(X> miner's ineh.>s at ordinary stafres of the water, and 
 with even a nimlerate head, is capable of fumishinir a larsrc hor.sc- 
 powcr. 
 
 A second possible s». nee of water is from Fish lake, a sheet of 
 water SIX or wven miles in lenRth, situated in a high valley west of 
 llount Mclntyre, at an clcvatic n of about 1,450 feet above White- 
 horse. Fish lake dischanfes at present into the Takhini river. The 
 pre-tflaeial outlet probably follow««d the depression between Mount 
 Mclntyre and Mount Haeckcl, leadin(r into the I.«we8 valley; now 
 draine.1 by a branch of Porter creek. The elevation of this pass, 
 measured roughly with the aneroid, is less than that of the lake. 
 The outlet of Fish lake has a .-(tcep declination, and in the early 
 summer months is a large, swift stream. Ijiter on, the flow decreases 
 rapidly, and at the enil of September does not exceed i,:,0(» miner's 
 inches. A large constant supply from this source can only be ob- 
 tained by imiK>undiiig the spring floods in tlie lake. 
 
 The streams crossing the L(>wes valley from the bordering moun- 
 tain rangts, with the possible exception of Wolf creek, are all too 
 small to be use<l for power purposes. 
 
 MINING CONDITIONS. 
 
 The Whitehorse ores at present arc shippetl for treatment to the 
 various coast smelters. Transportation charges from the mines to 
 the smelters, by wagon, rail, and steamer, amount to from $<« to $10 
 
WHITKIIOKMK I UIM'KK BKl.T I 
 
 ■ ton. ThcHC i-hmrsfK, nit ttattil in a prpviout paK<\ will Ih> matiTinlly 
 retiucttl when thi> brnm-h lint- ulonK thv U-lt from the White \'e*n 
 railway i» ••ompli't«l. The rulinic snit'lter charitott for the Milii-cnust 
 ore* are tl.fU) per ton, with a i|fi|iicti<m of 1 -3 per cent of copi^-r for 
 louK The iron ori-*, with a hiijh exti-** of iron, receive niort- fiivmir- 
 jblc treatment. 
 
 Wnire* in the (iintrict are not mu<-h higher thon in British 
 Coltinihia. IlamI miiierH ^''-eive frtmi $.1..'>0 to $♦ per lU / with liimnl 
 for viitht houn' work, lohoiiriTs ♦.'l.-'iO for ten hoiint, onrp«'"''T^ u'"! 
 blackiiiiiitliA $4 to $5, an<l eiiKineers $!i to (<i per day. Suppliri of 
 all kindi* are expenwive, owlnff to the hi((h inward freight ratei of 
 from liM) to $<M) anil iipwanl!<, |M>r ton. 
 
 MininK expense* are viiriuble, and depend iip< n the ehnracter cf 
 the ore ImxIjt and necertxibility to Whitehor*-. With the exeeption of 
 pumps and steam hoiitti*, no machinery has .lo far be<>n installeil. 
 The altereil irarnetizei' ■ "k usually encountered i» hard, but breaks 
 readily. Driftinx with uuiiil drills usually costs about $15 \m't fnot, 
 and sinkinir from l|-'IO to 140 |M-r foot. The to*ul oust of ort.' extrac- 
 tion in the large iron masses is not cxpet^ted to exceed $1 imt ton. 
 
 CLIMATK. 
 
 The climate nt Whitehorse, notwithstanding the hijfh latitude of 
 60" 4.V N., is not unfavourable for mining operations. The summer 
 weather is dry, seldom excessively hot, and is hartlly surpassed any- 
 where. The winter seoson, lasting from Noveml)er to April, is ecilij, 
 sometimes extremely so, the thermometer occasionally dropping to 
 60° or more below zero. These cold spells are, however, ex<"<'ptional, 
 never last long, and do not seriously interfere with outside work. 
 The ordinary winter temperatures of from zero to 40" below, are not 
 unpleasant, and entail no hardships when properly prepared for. 
 
 EOCKS. 
 
 (IKNKKAL STXTKMKNT. 
 
 The old schistose formations, prominent in other ,)arts of the 
 Yukon Territory, are not reprcsenttnl in the Whitehorse district, and 
 the oldest rocks known consist of limestones, referred to the Car- 
 boniferous. 
 
 The limestones have been broken through and largely destroyed 
 by three disi'nct igneous invasions; only fragments of the original 
 
" ci»:oi,n<iirAr. iirHVKV 
 
 f"niiat\ I..W ri iiiaiii. Thi- r«rlii'«t iiiraoioii wai« by poridi.vritin of 
 
 viiri.-iix kiiKlH. Thi-r wcrr iii»ru<|i.l piirtly iit Itaxf. iiloiifr the \te^^^ 
 •liiiK pliuKs of till- liini-toiir, uikI fiirni >ih<'<t», or nilU. up to 1.000 
 t'"<t, 1 - iiion-, ill lliii'kiii>«. 
 
 The Mcoiiil iiiviiKiuii ix rcprooi'iitt-il hy phitniiii' rm-ks, cxtrnnr- 
 tliiiurily vnrii'il in tlnir initicrnloKii'iil <i>rii|MiNitiiin Ni.rmally thiy 
 ■ r<" horiil.l. ri.If (rrmiitin; hut traiiHilioiiti to dinrittn, hornhlcn.h-, nnil 
 iiiiKit.' ^viiiit.w, iiikI iv.ii to KiihliroH. HTf fri'iiutiit. Th«»r ro<kn 
 c'ovir u Iiirno iK.rtioii of tlic ilixtri.-t. Tli.y tuny ri'pnwr* nn r.iitlicr 
 of the CoiiHt ruii(fi> (rriiiiitic hiitholitli. 
 
 The thinl \»r'uH] of i>fii<oii» uilivity risiilttd in thr pr<«;nctioii 
 of the iiunieroiiH |)orpliyrite i|ik< » now inu.iil euttiiig iiulixeriminuti ly 
 nero«H linH!.ti)i. -, (rrnuite;. utul old, r ix.rpliyrito^. The dikex .Meiir 
 throughout the district. I.ut are i s|M(iiiliy hirge luid iiumerout in the 
 lentriil portion. In lertiiin areii. here tlwy eover approximately hulf 
 the curfuee. 
 
 Tile yoiiinfest roek« in thi> region nre hnsalt*. Theno originated 
 oiitMd.' the district n jnirted on. ami tiitere.1 it through the depres- 
 i-ioii north of the (Jold.ti Horn. Tliey flowed down tlie vidhy of 
 HoiKlfK) ereek to the Ix>we« river, and continue.! diwn the vall.y of 
 \hr hitter str.nn> to the Whitehorso rn|iid- ami up it to Wolf ereek. 
 Jsohit' • nren.s iit st verul |K.iiits .show that a consideriible porti.m of 
 the original hasiilt sheet hax been destroyed. 
 
 The h.isalts were followed by the deposits of the glneinl age, 
 consisting mostly of boiihler clays and silts. 
 
 The seipienee uii.l probalde ag.s of the various formations arc 
 as follows: — 
 
 PleistiH-ene— Silts, Ixe.ilder clays. 
 
 Tertiary — Basalts. 
 
 Mesozoic— Pori>liyritc dike.*, granite-, porpliyrites. 
 
 CarlMiiiiferous — Li.iie-tone. 
 
 TIIK l.l.MKSTONKs. 
 
 Limestones, probably of Carbonifen^iis npr. although r.o direct 
 proof of this was obtained, are the basement rocks of the district. 
 Their distribution along the n'ineral belt is somewhat irregular, as 
 they have bwn repeatedly intruded by igneous rocks, and the original 
 formation ha.s been broken up into a number of isolated areas, rang- 
 ing in size from small im-lusions a few feet across, to large uneven 
 masses, several miles in length, and a mile or more in width. The 
 
will l> lloHMf: I lil-l'l II III I T U 
 
 <>iitliii«"< <•{ Ihi liirirt r iiri'ii". whin- v.nt cfnitnlr*! by ilrift, ari' uliowii 
 (III llu' ii<'<'iiiii|iiiii.viii|; iiiiip. 
 
 Th<- »fiinriil rhiiriu'tir of tlir liiinHfi.ii.-< nloiis tho mimrnl Ih It 
 in viT.v uiiifuriii. Xo ii»iM)<'iafiHl ur)rillBif<>iiN or ilnli'init'u' haiiiU witc 
 ol.«> rv.ll. Ill th<' inferior of tin- Urpr «r<nii tiny apptsr n« heavily 
 1« ililril. niiHliratt'ly rryKtulliiii', liiirk urt-yixh riwkx. lilot.-lnd in )i1iut« 
 uitli xniall white cah'ite iiinrkiiiK'* ri'x'inl'linir fonxil*. Tlie |iriiii'ii>nl 
 iiii|inrltir-< nin^iist of HinuU •'ilii w* ii"iinlly rherly iiifuri'K'ttcM. 
 
 'I'iii-f lire not eoininon, ami iirc often intirely iihw nt. Thi' ...irk 
 eoiorntioii in thi- niM-einiein exntiiineii proveil to !«■ ihie to tlie 
 liremiiee of niinieroiiii hiiiiiH i<|H«k-t of orM'iiiii<' matter. 
 
 Till' h<'<l>t o<'eiir at all nttitiuje'*, from horizontiil to vertieal; hiit 
 the liltiiiK ii< a rule in miMleriite anil reiriilur. Slinrp flexiiroK atiii 
 di|(n of over 4.'>' are exeeptioiial. 
 
 ApproaehiuK the granite iireii* the ehiiriiefer of the liinesttone 
 limlerfriM'x a jrriuliiul elimiKe: it heeoiiies more eonrsely erystulline, the 
 (lark eoloration ili>ap|M'ari, or li^ihteii-', aii>l the lieils are frequently 
 weiiled to(fetlier ill w>li<l nuinM'*. Seeomlary inineraU make their 
 apixaranre, and often develop in miftieieiit tpiantitieH to ohaeurc the 
 oritrinal roek, and in limited areas to replace it alti>ir<'ther. 
 
 Tho inetamorphiHm of the limesttoiies in the vieinily of the 
 ltranit<>H, while nlway-* apparent, varies ifreatly in intensity. Ah>n|{ 
 the (freatei portion of the eontaets it is represented merely t>y lijrhter 
 eoloiirs and a eoarser er>-stallization, with little or no niineralizutioii. 
 At irregular intervals the atli'eteil zone wi<lens, and the liinestonis, 
 in addition to licinK eoarsely rrer>'stalHzed, are more or less heavily 
 eharpcd with a Rreat variet.v of eontaet metamorpliie minerals. A 
 list of these is (fiven in another part of the re|>ort. 
 
 The porpliyrite intrusions have not aflfieted the limestones in 
 tho same niniiiier as the jrraiiitcs. A ooar>er erystallization is often 
 iiotieealile approaehint; the laririT masses; hut in no ease is this 
 neooinpaniod l>y an.v larjre devilopnicnt of seeondary minerals. 
 
 I-OHI'IIVRITES. 
 
 Dislrihufinn. 
 
 Greyish jKirphyrites. with tho exception of tho granites, are the 
 most widely distributed rocks in tlii- district. They outcrop over 
 larjie areas in tho region exteiidiiiK from Mount Ilaookel to Mount 
 Mclntyrc, and extend southward along the base of the latter in long 
 
10 
 
 OKOUMilCAL StRVEY 
 
 bands aiul (liscoiinocfed ana.-* to IIowloo oret-k. Thoy also occur on 
 the summit of the Gol.len Horn, on Wolf cn-ek. and along the 
 Dawson road north of the Anaconda claim. They are intimately 
 associated with the limestones, and are often clearly interbanded 
 with them. The smaller areas are usually enclosed in limestone, and 
 in some instan.es irregular patches of limestone are included in the 
 jK)rphyrites. 
 
 General Character. 
 
 The porphyrites invaded the limestones mostly in thick sheets, 
 parallel, or nearly so, to the bt-ddinB. The sheets are seldom hori- 
 ziiiital, the dips usually ranging from 10° to 45°. 
 
 Since their intrusion the covering limestones have been partially 
 removed by erosion, and the porphyrites now form the surface rocks 
 over large areas. The small rounded areas common in the limestone 
 may in some instances r.preseiit stocks, but this point could not be 
 definitely detennined, as goo,l contact exjKJsures are infrequent. It 
 is probable that the majority of them are small laecolitic masses, 
 deeply eroded. The mineralogieal ccmipositiou of the rocks in the 
 small ami large areas is practically the same, and both are usually 
 banded parallel to the Adding of the limestone. 
 
 While the jiorpliyrite sheets and the limestones are character- 
 istically conformable, unconformable contacts, due to the breaking 
 of the intrusive across the limestone, also (x-cur. Angular fragments 
 of limestone, often of considerable size, are frequently found enclosed 
 in porphyrite. The inclusions are often isolated, but in some in- 
 stances are group»'d closely together, and a limestone breccia, with 
 porphyrite as the cenientiiig material, is formcl. This rock in 
 extreme ca.ses is practically a shattered limestone cemented by por- 
 phyrite. 
 
 The porphyrites arc generally greyish in colour, and moderately 
 tine grained in texture. They are nowhere coarse, and near the 
 limestone contacts often pass into fine graine<l compact rocks, easily 
 mistaken in hand specimens for quartzites. "They have usually a 
 banded appearance duo to slight differences in coloration and tex- 
 ture. The direction of the banding follows clos<>ly the bedding of the 
 limestones. 
 
 Xorth of the Dalton trail, in the lumpy ridge overlooking Fish 
 lake, the character of the porphyrites is somewhat different. They 
 are filled with rounded and subangular boulders, mostly of granite. 
 
WIIITEHORSK COPPKR FtKr.T 
 
 11 
 
 and less commonly of slate and a basic eruptive. The boulders are 
 of all sizes up to einhteen inehes in dianit-ter, nnd are numerous 
 enough in places to give the rock a decided conglDmeratie apiiearance. 
 The matrix is, however, an intrusive jwrphyrite soniewbat finer 
 grained than usual, and the boulders probably represent frairments 
 torn from the formations which it invndcil. 
 
 In the southern part of the district, the large ix)rphyrite area, 
 shown on the map as crossing Wolf creek, and extending southward, 
 may be partly tufaceous in origin. It was not closely exaniintMl, and 
 the rocks ma.y be younger than those in the northern areas. 
 
 The porphyrites are ma.ssive in structure and are seldom much 
 altered. They are often traversed by nimicrous joints, the strongest 
 set usually developing at right angles, or nearl.v so, to the dip <if the 
 sheet. Their age is only known relatively to the other formations in 
 the district. They intrude the limestones, and arc themselves cut at 
 a number of points by the granites. 
 
 Petrogrnphii. 
 
 In hand specimens the jKirph.vrites have the appearance of fine, 
 to medium grained, granidar rocks, \vitho>it conspic\ious por|)h.vritic 
 structure. They differ in this respect from the later ixirphyrite 
 dikes, which are nearly always profusely sprinkled with large white 
 feldspar cry.stals. In thin sections they usuall.v show a cryj)to- 
 crystalline, or microcrystalline groundmass, maile up largely of 
 jiliigioclase, with some orthoclase and <iuart?. ; and varying quantities 
 of hornblende, augite, biotite and niagtietitc, through which larger, 
 well formed crystals of plagioclase, ran'ly quartz and orthoclase, and 
 tlie various irnn-magnesian minerals, are porphyritically distributed. 
 In some sections the grain is fairly vinifonn, and mine of the con- 
 stituent minerals are of large size. 
 
 In the sections examine*!, hornblende porph.vrites, in which bom- 
 blende is the principal, and often the onl.v iron-niagncsia mineral 
 present, is much the most abundant variety represented. Augite. and 
 biotite {)orphyrites both occur, but are less common. 
 
 Quartz is often present in the grouml mass of the i>orph.\T> es, 
 and, in exceptional cases, large crystals are also develi>iK'd. A 
 whitish, fine-grained ruck, obtained from the p<irphyrite area west 
 of the Arctic Chief, contained large, well detine<l pbcnocrysts of 
 quartz, orthoclase, and plagioclase, set in a niicroi'rystalline base, 
 made up of biotite, some niagi\etite, quartz, and feld-ipar. 
 
 I 
 
12 
 
 r.EOI.OGICAI. SIRVEY 
 
 Thr porphyrites are seldom fresh. The feldspars are always more 
 or less eli>ude«l, and the iroii-mnpnesinn minerals are dften replnerd 
 entirely by chlorite, and epidote. Unlike the limestones, they have 
 snflFere<l little from the granite intrtision. Oeeasinnal frrains of chal- 
 eo|)yrite, hematite, magnetite, and other secondary minernli, are 
 found in 11 ffw places alonjf the contact, hut nowhere in quantity, 
 and the ureas affected are neviT larjre. 
 
 CRAMTII- Hot KS. 
 
 Dishihiillfii. 
 
 Oranitic rocks underlie the jfrciitcr part of the district reported 
 on. They outcrop in nnmerous expcv-sures alonpr the western side of 
 the I^wes valley, and although oidy swn at a couple of points, 
 probably extend continuously eastward under the drift and basalt^ 
 to the base of the limestone ridpe of Canyon mountain, which bord-rs 
 the valley on the cast ifount Mclntyre, west of the Lewes valley, 
 is built entirely of granitic rocks, and they also occur in association 
 with ohyrites on Mount Ilacckel, and the lower part of the 
 (jold< torn. 
 
 The granitic stock, or batholith. extends in all directions; except 
 eastward, beyond the limit of the district mapped, and its full areal 
 <listribution is not known. Its outline, especially when it adjoins 
 limestone, is excee<lingly irregular and jagge<l. The exposed con- 
 tacts are marked nearly everywhere by a suifcssion of bays, and 
 sharp promontories. Inclusions of limestone fragments in the 
 granitic area are of frequent occurrence. 
 
 Geniral Character. 
 
 The prevailing colour of the granite, and as.soeiatcd granitic 
 rocks, in the valley of the Ix-wes is a light grey. With increasing 
 basicity the colour changes to a unif.inn dark grey, or grey mottled 
 with small rounded bai-ic segregations. West of the Lewes vallty. on 
 Moinit M<-Tntyrc. and on the east »\i,\Mi of the Golden Horn, the 
 colour is light rcldish. The Mount .Mclntyre granitic rocks are 
 sepanite<l from those in the valley by a band of limestones and por- 
 phyrites, and the ditfcrence in coloration and general appearance 
 led at first to the belief that they represented a later intrusion. 
 Going ^uthward tlie two granitic areas meet at the foot of the 
 Golden Horn. Here the ocoasionnl exposures pn.jecting through the 
 
 iH 
 
 
VIIITFIIOIISK COITKU Ill;l.T 
 
 i:l 
 
 drift appt'ar to >lic)\v a gradual gradation from the coloured to the 
 grey variety, and no tii'ld evidence of two intrusions was obtained. 
 
 The texture of the granitic roeks varies from meiiinni, to 
 moderately coarse, and is very uniform throughout the district: 
 exci-|)t oil the east slo|)e of tiie ( iolden Horn. At this point tliey |>ass 
 in places into coarsely porphyritie variety. 
 
 The structure is everywhere nia>sive. In thin sections .-omo 
 crushing is occasionally ol)served, l)ut is exceptiona'., .-.nd has no- 
 where proceede<l far enough to prodiiee sliear ])lanft . Sharp joiiitage 
 partings are numerous, and ot'eu cut the rock into angular Mocks. 
 The joints dip at all angles, au<l their direction varies with the 
 locality. 
 
 The granitic rocks show great diversity in the amount of 
 weathering tliiy have undergone. While they are usually hanl and 
 compact at the surface, in n few ar«-as they art^ badly decomposed 
 to a depth of fifty feet or more. N'orth of the Copper King, crundj- 
 ling granitic nx-ks, soft eno\igh to be crushed between the lingers, 
 outcrop in the banks of .Melutyrc iMcek, and extend northward 
 across Porter creek for half a mile. Similar smaller areas occur on 
 the (irafter road, and at other points. In hand specinu-ns, the decom- 
 posed granitic rocks show no <piartz, and consist mostly of feldspar, 
 and chloritized ferro-nuignesia minerals. They pass gradually into 
 the conunon hard (puirtz-bearing variety. 
 
 In thin sections, the granites near the surface, like the porphy- 
 rites, are seldom fresh. The feldspars are nearly always more or 
 less turbiil, and are often unrecijjnizable ; while the dark coustitu- 
 I'lits are frecpientl.N entirely replaced by chlorite, epidote, zoisite, 
 anil other decomixisition prixlucts. 
 
 Ptlif)iinii)h)i. 
 
 The niineralogieai oMixisition of the granitic rocks is exceed- 
 ingly diverse in different parts of the district, and a number of types 
 are represented. Ordiinirily they are medium-grained hornblende 
 grai ''es, eo. listing essentiall.v of cpuirtz in grains of various sizes, 
 hornblende, and orthoclase. The quartz as a rule is markeilly free 
 from inclusions. Plagioe ase in .some quantity, usually andesine, or 
 oligoclase, where determinable, is nearly always present; while 
 augite, and biotite, especially the former, are both common. The 
 less important accessory minerals are magnetite, ilmenite, sphene, 
 
14 
 
 GEOI.OrilCAI. srKVKV 
 
 and apatito. A miero-pojfmntitio intf-rgrrowth of orthoclasc and 
 quart/, wiis obsorvod in a few spfoinifns. but is not common. 
 
 The normal hornblende (granites pass gradually in many places 
 into qiiartz-diorites and diorites. In these rocks the predominating 
 feldspar is a plagioclase, ranging in the sp<cimens examined from 
 an oligoclase to an acid labradorite. Ortliodase and quartz, in some 
 quantity, are sel.lom entirely absent. The principal iron-magnesia 
 mineral is hornblende. A\igite is common ar- an acc'cxsory, and bio- 
 tite o«'curs in most of the sections. Other accessory minerals are 
 L'iagnetife, ijmcnitc. and sphene. In some instances the augite ex- 
 ceeds the hornblende in amount, and gabbro-diorites are formed. 
 The latter, in a few places, pass info a gabbroic rock, made up almost 
 entirely of augite, and a plapio<dase feldspar. 
 
 A syenitic phase of the granitic rocks is not uncommon. In 
 this, the quartz and plagioelase disapjK-ar, or occur only as acces- 
 sories; and hornblende and orthoclase. and more rarely augite and 
 orthodase, are the principal constituents. 
 
 The areal distribution of the numerous varieties of the granitic 
 r ) is excee<lingly irregular, and no attempt was made to outline 
 thtm. They are all considv-red to be modillcations of a single intru- 
 sive body. 
 
 The granites along the limestone contacts are often impregnat<'d 
 for varying «listanccs up to 4<J0 feet, with the same contact metamor- 
 phic minerals which occur in the limestone. The mineralization is 
 irregular, and occurs only at points where the limestones are also 
 greatly altered, and mineralized. The principal occurrences are 
 described in connexion with the ore bodies. 
 
 DIKES. 
 
 The dikes of the district consist of a few small aplite veins 
 cutting the granites, occasional apophyses from the granite, and mi>re 
 rarely from the porphyrites, and an -xtensive system of porphyrite 
 dikes. 
 
 The latter are so large and numerous in certain portions of the 
 district that, they rre entitled to rank as a formation. They occur 
 mostly along the western side of the valley of the Lewes ond in the 
 lower slop<'s of the ridge bordering it on the west. They are com- 
 paratively rare in the north part of the district, and increase in 
 numbers going south along the belt, to a maximum in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Iloodoo creek, where they occur in such abundance as 
 
WHITKHORSF. COPPKR HKI.T 
 
 15 
 
 to ponstitulo, in plates, the priiu-ipal rock. South from Hootloo 
 creek, they continue fairly numernus to the southeasterr" end of the 
 district examined. 
 
 They strike in various directions, although the Kcoeral trend is 
 aerriss the valley, following an approximate east-west coirse, and art; 
 usually larfre, well (hfined iKnlies, ranginjf in width from a few feet 
 to over fifty feet, and o<-<-asionailly traceable for half a mile or more. 
 
 The porphyritic dikes followed the jrranites in order of iutru- 
 i«ion, and are found cnttiiif; all the older formations. They are also 
 later than the mineralization of the jfranites and limestones; hut 
 probably, judging from their condition, not much later. They are 
 the youngest intrusive in the distriei, and were followed after a long 
 interval by the basalts. 
 
 In hand .specimens the dike rocks are usually light to dark prey 
 in colour. The texture of the snniller dikes is usually fine grained, 
 and somewhat uniform; while the larger ones, with f"W exce|itinns. 
 are spotted with white, medium sizwl, and large feldspar ph«no<rysts, 
 often arranged in lines with the longer axis parallel to the walls. 
 They .ire comparatively fresh looking r<K>ks as a rule, but are occa- 
 sionally epidotize<l on the surface. In one instance, a development 
 of garnet and epidote was noted in the side of a dike traversing lime- 
 stone, very similar to <' •'* '.•l.;..h tnkes place ni the granites where 
 they adjoin limestone. 
 
 A number of specimens from IfTerent parts of the district were 
 examined by Mr. Ilaughton, who reports on them as follows: — 
 
 ' While several varieties are represented, the great m.ajority of 
 the specimens examined are classed as diorite, or gabbro porphyrites.' 
 
 These diorite and gabbro dikes, or diorite pori)hyrites, and 
 gabbro porphyrites, vary in colour from light grey to an almost black 
 shade. They are for the most part very fine grained, the darker 
 coloured varieties having an almost micro-felsitic groundmass. In 
 most cases, however (with the specimens examined), the groundmass 
 was cryptocrystalline. and microcrystalline. 
 
 All these dikes have an extremely well defined panidiomorphic 
 or porphyritic structure, the phenocrysts are, in many instances, of 
 very large size, an<i show up prominently in the hand .specimen. 
 
 The phenocrysts are of two kinds in each variety: plagioclase. 
 and amphibole, or mica (occasionally both occur), in the diorite 
 porphyrite; and plagioclase and pyroxene in the gabbro porphyrite 
 
16 
 
 ()i;oi.<Kii(Ai. sinvKY 
 
 The fi'ldxpar, in the specimens examined, is almost invariably 
 extremely turbid, nntl only two siH-f-imtiis wore found which were 
 surtieiently ebar ami fresh to allow tiie extinetion angles to be eor- 
 reetly measured. In No. 10. the fehUimr is an andesine, or an acid 
 labradoritf, and in No. 20 it is labradorite. 
 
 The plagioclasc phenocrysts, as a Kcneral ride, are larger in size, 
 and of more frequent occurrence than the iron magnesia phenocrysts. 
 The feldspar phenocrysts are usually twinned, and in many eu.^cs the 
 smaller sized phenocrysts (.the iron magnesia constituents) a'so show 
 twinniuff. 
 
 In the diorite iKirpliyrite, the iron magnesia constituent is green 
 hornblende, usually o<'curring in goinl crystalline form; but often, 
 owing to decomposition, and to strains due to crushing, etc., the 
 original form of the mineral is destroyed. IJiotite also occurs in 
 these rocks, sometimes shigly, but usually with the homblen<lc. 
 
 In the gabbro iwrphyrite the iron magnesia mineral is augite. 
 It is often twinned, and ap|H>ars when fresh to have good crystalline 
 form, the cleavage in most instances being very clear and distinct. 
 
 Quartz oc<-urs cpiite frequently in these rocks, both as a primary 
 and a secondary mineral. In the gabbro and diorite porphyrites, 
 however, it oidy occurs as a primary mineral in the latter class, and 
 in both as a mineral of seconilary origin. 
 
 -Magnetite occurs vry fre(pi<,'ntly in these rocks, and occas- 
 ionally lienuUite, iimenite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite arc also found 
 in them. 
 
 The groundmass of these dikes is composed of feldspar, and the 
 iron magnesia minerals, and in every case is very fine grained. The 
 groumlmass of the average diorite iwrphyrite is composed of plagio- 
 elase feldspar, with hornblende or mica (sometimes both), while in 
 the gabbro porphyrite the hornblende and mica are replaced by 
 augite. Fsually the groundmass is eryptocrystalline, sometimes 
 cryptocrystalline and mierocrystalline, and rarely microfelsitic. 
 
 Several varieties were examined which appeared to be inter- 
 mediate between the diorite and gabbro divisions, and have been 
 classified as gabbro-diorite p<.. /.yrites. These rocks contain horn- 
 blende, mica, and augite as their iron magnesia minerals; but in all 
 other characteristics arc similar to the average type. 
 
 All the si)ecimens examined, have undergone decomposition to 
 a very marked extent, and a considerable quantity of decomposed or 
 secondary minerals is present. Chlorite, epidote, and calcitc are 
 
r.tci |,, 17 
 
WHITKIIOBMK rOPPKR BKI.T 
 
 17 
 
 iht! minerals which occur iiiiwt frequently, ami plentifully in tlii-i 
 class, hut zoisite, kii^ilin, and niuscovite, also occur. 
 
 Syenite porphyry dikes cHcur at a few points, ami are prohaMy 
 mostly apophyses from the (iranite; althDUjfh tiel.l evidence of this 
 was only oiitaiiiahle in two instam-i s. They consist of orthoelii-e, 
 some plaKiiH'lase, oecasi.iinilly a little i|uart/. and usually more nr 
 
 leas auKite. Dikis nposeil almost entirely of orthoelase, with 
 
 subordinate amounts of plafriocluse, and classed as h-istonites, w.ro 
 found at two jioints. Their relationship was not determined. 
 
 A 
 
 
 -i 
 
 BASALTS. 
 
 Thi-se rocks cover a comparatively small area, anil are not im- 
 portant economically. They are traceable from a jMiint on the 
 northern slojx' of the Gohlen Horn eastward, down the valley of 
 HoinIoo creek, for a distance of two and one-half miles. At this jxiint 
 the flow turns abruptly northward, and continues down the valley of 
 the Lewes river past Miles canyon to the Whiti'horse rapid*, a 
 further <listanee of five miles, where they disappear heiieafh the 
 drift. Small isolttt<>d areas occur on Mclntyre and Wolf rTe<'ks. 
 
 The basaltii; sheet has be<Mi partially dcstroyeil by erosion, and 
 is now narrow, and of moderate depth. The full thickness is rarely 
 seen, but probably seldom exceeds I.IO feet, and is often much less. 
 
 The basalt.s are well exjiosed along Hoodoo creek, and in the 
 vertical walls of Miles canyon, and Crater lake. They are strongly 
 jointeil both vertically and luirizontally ; and the cliffs in many 
 places have the appearaiuv of being built up of aiig\dar blocks, or 
 where the edges of these are weathered, of rounded boulders. The 
 characteristic columnar structure is only occasionally exhibited. 
 
 The basalt is seldom vesicular, ancl usually occurs as a cumpai't, 
 greyish, occasionally dark greyish, and reddish rock, in which a\igite 
 is the otdy mineral that can be distinguished. In thin sections, it 
 shows a tine grained groundmass, made up of augite, plagioclase, and 
 magnetite, through which larger grains of augite, often stained red 
 with iron oxi<le, are porphyritieally distributed. Xi> olivine was 
 observed in the si)ecimens examined. 
 
 It is a comparatively yming rock, and was extruded after the 
 region had assumed its present general topographic form. 
 6361-2 
 
18 
 
 cfiiiiHitcAi. HI nvrv 
 
 <;I.A(I\I. lllllMlMT*. 
 
 The iliftrift r<|i<irl<<l «n i- ^itiiiitnl within tin' limit* t.f thr 
 (irtat Xiirthrrn ii\a<'ur, niul diirinK tlir ului-iHl iktiikI wa* totnlly 
 "iibmcrKiMl liy i«i'. Sinnll <rriitic-<, chiifly well w.tni (rranilio nml 
 slafc p»'W)l«'«i, (MTur »|mriin{1y on tli< np|Mr tth^n* nml Riiinmit' of 
 Mounts lluickfl, Mfliityrr. nml the (iol.lrn lli>rn— the lii(ilir-<t p< ak» 
 in thf district I'xuniincil. The liitt«T has nn fli'vation of 5,480 feet 
 above the livil of tlif mb. ami of 2,0S0 f.it alM>vc thi- lowtHt part of 
 th<' I^'Wi's IJiviT val! y op|K>»it<' it. Thr diffrronc-J" hrtwccn the two, 
 .■',40() fiTt, rcprcsintH the minimiun tiiickiitst of the ii-o in the 
 valley. 
 
 Ice jrHMivintf-i and ^*triH', the principal indices to thi' direction 
 of ancient iee movement, are rare, hut have been prewrved at a few 
 IMiiiits. Til all cases observi-d they jHiint diri-ctly «!"»!' ••"' vaHey, 
 which liiTe runs almost <lue rorth. 
 
 The ilejxisits of the ice ajre consist mainly of Ixiulder clay.s and 
 silt*. Houlder clays of the usual character occur both in the valley 
 iHittoni and hi}{h up on the bordering ridges. Exi)osurea were foiinil 
 on the shijK's of Mount Ilaeckel within 50O feet of the summit, at an 
 elevation of 2,T.'><> fc<-t above the valley. In the mountain rcffion the 
 old pre-tflacial depressions Ix'tween the rid>res and the wide valley of 
 the streams draining; them have been lar^'ely levelled up, with heavy 
 accumulations of boulder clay. Small sloping plains, with smooth or 
 rollinR siirfac<>s f(irnie<l in this nuinncr, border the mountain portions 
 of Mcintyre, Hoodoo and other creeks, anil extend up their branches 
 for varying distances. 
 
 In the wide bottom of thi' Lewes valley the boulder clay is very 
 unevenly distributed. It (wcurs in terraced benches bonlering the 
 lower sloiH's of the ridges, in gnmps of ciiuicnl hills, or long \meven 
 ri:'Tes, filling old valley depressions and spread over the surface in 
 fairly viuiform sheets. In the neighbourhoml of Ear lake it is heaped 
 up into intricately interlacing ridges, enclosing deep steep-sided 
 basins, often partiall.v filled with water. Kar lake occupies one of 
 these drainless depressions. 
 
 While the greater portion of the valley bottom is more or less 
 completely buried Ix-neath a mantle of drift, from a few inches to 
 over 200 feet in thickness, a few areas, mostly situated along 'he 
 western part of the granite belt and in the basalt region near Hoodoo 
 creek, are practically bare, and rough rock surfaces are exposed. 
 
7 
 
 WIMTKIIOKSK rol'PMt IlKr.l 
 
 10 
 
 Till iil)-<inr of drift ill riKixt of flu..' iinuH \* i.ml.iil.l.v iittriliiitnlili> 
 fii iN liiiiifc' !.H<pf uwny l.y Mr'iiitis i«-iiiti^ fri.tn tl,,. niiltiiitr K'la.i.T. 
 Till low. roiiifli (jriiiiitr hills m-t of M.-Intyr.' .Ttik. w. rr prolmlily 
 iiivtr (Iccply liiiricil. 
 
 Til.' silts nrr 1. ss wi.l.ly (lisirilmti.l thiin tlir ImmiI.I.t .Ihvs. nml 
 
 "' "tiiHil to the <-«iitriil iH.rtion of tlit' ol<l vullty. TItf |ins<iit 
 
 i-.i nii.lury viill.y of Lrw.s riv.r, for m.iik' distuiM-r li.low Wliiti liorsr 
 rii|ii.|. i- Slink ulniost .ntirily tlirouirli tli.ni. (!o.kI sr.tions lit.', 
 fi.t ill hti^ht lire .xikwc.I in tlir viill.y Imiik- wist of \Vliit.lior«.-. 
 This is II miiiiiiiuiii thickiii -s, „s tlir lowi r |H.rtion of thr il.iM.sit !a 
 ••oiiiTiilnl. 
 
 The silts iiri' vi ry li| 'it oolour.il. in plni-cs iiltnost purr white. 
 
 iiikI Wfrr »xpos,.,| from .'onspici s hmik-. They arc stnititiid, ns n 
 
 mil'. '!ii. hills varyiiijf from on.- to ihr.i' iinhex in thickniss; nml in 
 most siK-tions sen nre very hoinofrintous thnniKhinit ; ulthoiiph tliiy 
 occusioiiully iiH-low s<utt( rcil inhhlcs ami thin j^hhle biiLi. Wtst of 
 Whilihorsf, tlM>y pass iniwiinls into irravcl uiul ■.nml. 
 
 Thi- silts arc intimuttly .onnctcl with the bouhlcr clays, nml 
 in a (.'.•niTal way arc contrmiM.ran.ous with them. Thoy r. prisint 
 iKviimiilutions of tin- rim- matirial l.roujrht down hy Klarinl stnam-, 
 mill d.positid wh.n the <'urrcnt sln.-k.iud sutiii-icntly, or still watrr 
 Wii- risirluMl. Thiy wire not laid down— as lias b<H-n s„p,„„.,.d_i„ 
 on. hiTK.- .•ontinuoiis shift of w.it.r; hiit in s.-parat.' l.nsins. som<- 
 iii-ipiiitii-unt in si/c, and at diffor.'iit » l.-vatii.ns. In som.' iii-tan.'.-s 
 tlir liii.ins in which they ai-.'umiilat. .1 w.rc suhsc.imntly over-ridilin 
 I'v the ailviinciiiK frlacier, and hoidder clays wcr.- deiH.sitc.l ov.t 
 them. 
 
 Silts inilistinfriiishnhlp in ar)|Kariine. and pneral chiira.t. r from 
 those out.roppintf „1,„|^ the Iaw.s valliy, arc hcin>r hii.l .lowii at tlie 
 prixiit time in th.- upper portion of Khiam- hik.'. and the lower 
 ^iu^r^.'ish IH.rtion of Slims river, its principal f.'c.ler. Th.' silt-la.lcn 
 water- of this stream are d.rived from the Kasknwulsh jrlacicr. a 
 furvivintr frajnmnt of the ^jrcat t'laoicr. and the .-oiiditions existing 
 alonp it are illustrative of those which must have ohtaincl on man.v 
 <.'f tile strtaniR i-siiiii<r from the latter. 
 
 6»il— 2i 
 
so 
 
 OKOLOniCAI. BI'MVev 
 
 ECONOMIC OKOMXIV. 
 
 IIKNKHAI, I lUHAi TKRI'Tlrx OK HUE DEP«>HITi«. 
 Diitrihuiion. 
 
 The copper Ix'lt, us ilrUTiiiiiii'd hy prt-nfiit diiM-ovt-riei*, oxtoiiiU 
 alotiK tin- viillcy of the Ia^wth river, from a iMiint ooHt of DiiK'Inlo, on 
 till- While I'list ruilwiiy, northwestwiinl to the huM'. of Mount 
 Iliieekel, u ilif-tunee of uboiit twelve iiiileH. The width of the Im'U 
 Kelijoin (■xeecdH a mile, nnd in pltieeH i'* eontiiuil to a stinfrle line. Tho 
 dittriliution of tho diseoverie* ulonK the hell is exeeedingly irreKulur. 
 Tho oruppintc" follow a .teries of liniestono arean onolowil in irranite, 
 or lying hetweeii f;ninite unil ixirphyrito. Where the limestone is 
 alwi'nt the helt is priieti<-iilly liarn ii ; and eonsideralde stretehes of it 
 othorwixo fnvnuriihle, Hueh a* that extendiiisr from the S|irini; Creek 
 to till' PiuMo ehiim, a dixtanee of three and a half milcn, arc hope- 
 lesi'ly buried iH-noatli heavy neeuiiiulntions of drift. 
 
 Ore Bfiirinij Formnllonx. 
 
 The roek fonnatiotii of the di>*trict eonsist, in order of ngo, of 
 limestono, jMirphyritc*, granitox anil grano-ilioritos, an oxtensive 
 syHtem of jwirphyrite dikes, and tinally, basalts. Of these only the 
 fitnistones anil pranitle intnisives are important eeonomieally. The 
 principal ore bodies now beinij; tiivelojH-il, ooenr in the limestone, 
 close to or ailjiiininjr the granite. Xuinerous discoveries have also 
 been made in the (iranite, often at eonsiderable distances from the 
 limestone. The limited work done on tlii-He has not so far disclosed 
 ore bodies of commercial value. The constituent minerals, and 
 general eluiraclir of the ore iNnlies in the two formations, are very 
 !-imi1ar. 
 
 Copixr niinirals seldom develo|> in the porphyritos, but arc not 
 altogether \inknown. The porphyritt^ are often closely interbanded 
 with the liiiii-^tones; and when this occurs in an altered area, both 
 rocks are sometimes atfeetiHl. The mineralisation of the |K>rpliyriti;s 
 is usually limited to a narrow zone, a few inches in width, bordering 
 the liiiii'~l(.iic. 
 
WinTKIInlisK « Mpi'KR IIH.T 
 
 21 
 
 PrinriiHtl ilinrralu. 
 
 The |iriuci|)nl •M-iniiiinic niiiiiTiiU of llic ill-irii't nrr thi' two 
 <>.|.|>«r HiilphiilcN lioniitf. ami iliiil.<i|i.vril«'. T« (nih.ilrilr iHciir- iit 
 till' Arctic Cliicf. oikI Hmiill ImiiicIick uf cImliiMit,. nt the He. I t'limuf, 
 
 ni»l iitlicr pinciit. Copper niiiicniN ro»iiliiii»r from the nxiilati. f 
 
 the siilphidf!! lire coiii.pic-in«ii» nt nil the workiiitf^; l.uf .xiept nl the 
 I'll. I.!... an. selilom imp<irtniit b- ore-. Th. y inelmle tiip two copper 
 eiirlMiiialert. Iiiiiluehite un.l n/.lirile. the reil mill hhiek oxi.|e« eiiprje 
 
 i.iiil liiiilueoriite. nn.l the ^ijieote ehr.vs Ija. The cuprite in o, - 
 
 nioiuill.v iiMoociated with »imili (triiirif oi iintive eop|K-, 
 
 The iron Miilphidos are not nhiiii<liint iin<l nowhere form InrKf 
 inii-ei.. Sciitlere.1 jfruins of p.vrile ,«ciir in the trranites, altered 
 lime^tom*. and mor.- fre-pienfly in the |K,rphyrite>. hut are rarely 
 foiiti.' in connexion with the ore IkhHck Small qiuirtiti.* of pyrrho- 
 tite occur at the Arctic Chief. If was not ohsene.l elsrwhorc. 
 
 The iron oxi.hv., nnwictite ami hennitite. on th.' oth.r hand, are 
 wid.ly .listrihut.'.!. an.l Ujth .K-.-iir in larKe nuis...x. Mnifiietite is 
 . -IK.iBlly ahiin.lant, an.l is whlom al-ent fr..m th.' niimraliz.<l areas. 
 I..I1S.S ..f this mineral, raiiKiiiK in xize from a few in.hes f.) .Uio f.^t 
 in hiifc'th. are fouml all Bl..n(f tl... helt. m.>stly in tho alt.T..! linu- 
 stou.s, hut alHo o.M-Hsionully in t\u- alt.r.-.l granito. H.matite i.« 
 I. ss .•onimon. It occurs in larfrc tahulur crystals at a nund«r ..f th.; 
 showiuKs, and is th.> prin.-ipal miiuTal in th.. jrr.at I'uehio lo.lc. 
 
 Oth.r metalli.- minerals of l.-ss fre.pi.-nt ...•.•urren.v are, ar-en- 
 i.:il i.yrites. stibnite. jralena. uphalcrit.-. ami molylxlcnito. Oold and 
 .-ilv.r in N.mo quantity o.rur in all tl... or.s. Tl... values ran^'o from 
 
 tra...> up t.. s,.verHl .l.dlars jHr t..... (iol.l is , asionally f.i.nd 
 
 nativ... 
 
 The principal non-mctalli.. min<.rals a.^cimpunyint' th.' ore* nro 
 »:ariiet (andra.lite), Bujfite. treniolit... a..tii.olit.., ipi.lotc, ealeite. 
 -lintKhlor... s.rrH-ntin.'. nn.l <n:artz. Of tli.s,., parn.t. aujfit.'. cak'it.>! 
 an.l frinadito, are the m.ist abumlant. Quartz is sparingly distri- 
 liut.il, ami seldom o.-cur.s in ipiantity. 
 
 .illK lumiKs. 
 
 The ore bodies full into two clas.scs: those in which tl... copper 
 niineral» are associated with magnetite and hematite, and those in 
 which various silicat«.s. principally pimut, aujrite. and tren.olit.-. are 
 the chief ganguc minernls. 
 
Koj.ncuc \I. SI I!\i:Y 
 
 Til.. nuiKiHlitf oro l)0.1iis arc i.uincroi.s aii.l oo.Mir .iwIm.cmI 
 ,-,.,npl-t.lv in i.ll.T.,1 liuH-stniir. al.Mijr tlic lini<-».'n>iiit.- ronta.-t, and 
 i„ a tVw'instan.-.-. in arras of alt.r.Ml granite. Tlic larKO.t l.o.lies 
 >,, lar .lisr.,v..rr.l an-, thr H.st Clu.n.v, :!.i«l fr.t in l.nt'th; the 
 Ar.-ti.. Chief. 2:!0 f.'.t ; au.l tl.r Littl,- Cluc^f. I'M) ^ The n.n^rn.- 
 til.. mas,-..s an. always s,,rinklnl n.or.. ..r l.■^ •Vnlu,;!!- Uu ..d.HUt 
 with ffrai.is aii.l small masses „f hornite an.i l.ai. Mpyrit. TV, two 
 -uiphi.les ..eeiir, hoth >ei>aratel,v an.i int. igr.. n. a,.l are ,,t tl. same 
 at;,- as the e.ieh.siiii; iMaj.'n..tite. Tl..' eupper j. ■ ■■ ■>, lif Mrii^s „'reatly 
 ii, clitTer-Mit parts ni tUr -anie lod,.. tlie ptieral av.Tape ap, -..xiinat- 
 i„H loar p.r eei.t. Th.' p.l.l an.i silv.r are n.>:liniMe in soni.' ..f the 
 ere lujilies, anil impirtant in ethers. 
 
 Ifesides the .•..pp.r niiiierftls serpentine, ealeite, clino.'hlore, and 
 „th,T s,....,ndary minerals, ar.' ..ft.n asse.Mat...! with tl... n.aKn..tito. 
 and rar«.ly |iyrrholit.. and s|>hah.rit... 
 
 lliniatit.. ma-s.s are nui-'h hss <.>-.nim..n than mapietitc. .mly 
 ,,n,. larg.. h...ly h.injr known. This is the PiU'Llo in.le. on Vortor 
 .•re..k. Th.. upp.r ..xplor.,! p..rtion has .l..veloi.ed ali..t.'eth.-r in lime- 
 >totM.. (iranit.. ont.-rops in the vi.-inity. hat its ....nta.-t with the 
 rnn..st,...e is ,;on.-ealcd by .hilt. It differ* from the magnetit.. ore 
 l.odi.s prin.-ipally in th.- f-'V.at.r ...xi.lal. -n ..f the .-opiM-r n.in..rals. 
 It is na.r.. ponais. an.i th.- original snlphi.les ..r snlphi.l.- have heen 
 largely ...>nvert...l liy surfa.-.. wat.rs into ..arhonat.s. oxi.l.s. and 
 MJi.ates. Some ..hal.-.M'Vrit.. MU.viv..s in portions of the l."le. No 
 hornit.. has hei'ii found. 
 
 Sh..winKs .■hara.-t,.riz...l hy a Kan.et-anpit..-tr..molite gangne an. 
 nnnurons wher..v.r the lim.-frranite ..onta..t is .■xpos...l. Th.-y vary 
 
 in M/... from a >prinklintf of P'r min.rals t,. .•.msi.h.ral.l.. l..nses 
 
 of shipping or... SU..1. as th..se ,l..v.l..p...l ..n th.' CratVr. l',.pp..r 
 King. War Kagle. an.i Vah^ri... All the important orr l....lies .>f this 
 .lass, s,. far iliseoven..l, .M-..nr in th.. lim..st..n... .-h's.. to the granite, 
 an.i an. ..ft.'n s.parat,..! fnan the granil.' hy a /..n.. of m..n. or l.ss 
 ...anpl.tely n.pla<....l liin..st.>ni.. Th- valnahl.. minerals an- sin.ilar to 
 th.is,. in th.. in.n nniss..s. an.i ...nsist mostly ..f hornit.' an.i ehnl- 
 ....pyrit... ..an.ing small .pumtities ..f gol.l ami silv.r. At the 
 Val..ri... h.)rnite is al.s..nt. an.i tin- ehale.>pyrite is assoeiat..! with 
 mispiekel, the only km>wn .,i...iirn'n..e .if this mineral in the eanip. 
 
 The on> l).).lies of this .lass an- ...•.•ashmally tahnlnr in shape, 
 an.i have the app-araime ..f f.dl.-wing particular limestone he.ls; hut 
 in most easi-!. the .>utlines an. v.'ry irn.gular. Th.- CopixT King and 
 
\s-iirn;iii>i;si: (oi-rii! 1:11.1 -J-i 
 
 Viilcrie Idilis nri' ^lutrt iiii<l lilimt. wliili' tliut oii tin' (Irnftir. in 
 -liowii ill tin- priMiit wnrkiiiji-. is ^li;ii»'«l lik<' ii Iht-oIihi', iiinl pnr- 
 tiully oiu'in-lcs n cnrc <it' iinnpLiiTil liiin^tdiu'. Tiu' riip|Mr luiiicrals 
 at tin- Ciraltir ami ('..ppcr KiiiK stui) nitlur aliniiitly ajraiii-it a 
 inarhlf fcHit-wall; Imt as a riili' tiny liavi- no ilctiiiiti' limit, ami cxt'iid 
 ill iliniini>liiiif; ipiaiititics i'cir mimic- ili-tiuicc liryond the valiial^lc 
 ]nirtii)iis of the 1"><1<'. In >oiiir iii-t:r.ii-, as on tho Anai-omla. llio 
 ore alternates with hamls of liml■^t..;il■. ami liinc-tono n [ilacnl hy 
 jrarmt and anffito. 
 
 Xonc ol the oil- liiMlics have .--o far Imiii i.iHowimI to a Ki''i''ir 
 dcptii than 1IM» ffct. and llic ipn-tion of tiicir downward 1 xti n^ioii 
 has not hiiii dci-idcil practii'ally. At the liniiti'd ilcpths naili'd. 
 sonic of til.' iodi's >how iiu'riaxMl, and otlnrs dirnax'd volnnus, 
 while the eharaeler of the oie remiin~ nnehaiiKed. Contait re- 
 plaei'iiiint de|Kl^its, the ela» to whi. Ii ihoe helolifr. are apt to he 
 lumehy, and soimwhat nneirlain; hnt theontieally, may ilesecnd as 
 lonjr as tlie liinestoiio la-N. Thoy arc di pi-ndiiit on tho liim-tone, 
 and the deposits forna-d in the larpr arc-as will jirohahly prove- more- 
 permanent than those in the- -mall inchi-ioiis. Thi- lartc-r arc tlic-m- 
 -.-ivc s liahle to l)e ent otf a >liort di-tanec- hi-low tile Mirfai-e. 
 
 'I'he eopiM-r in-reeiitafre in tlic- ^ilic-c-ons ores is hif;lic-r as a rnle 
 tlian ill the iron ores: those shippc-d np to tin- iiresent time prohaMy 
 avi-raifiiiK <>v<-r einht (x-r eeiit. Tin- pn-eion< metal contents are 
 moderate-, si-ldoin exc-eedinir $■! jic-r ton. 
 
 The followiiif; analyses of the Arctic- Cliii-f ma;;iic-titi- on-, and 
 of silieuons orc-> from tin- (iraftc-r, War Kaf.dc, and Valerie, are 
 fnrnishe.l hy Mr. Uolx-rt Smart, territorial assayc-r. White-horse, 
 Yulcon Ti-rritory: — 
 
 AiTtie- Chief. War V.^enlr Cei^efte-r. Vale-nc. 
 
 Cold, oz. per ton <t-21 ""••'> <^-l»-" <1-f>7.') 
 
 Silver, oz, pi-r ton l-l'i» ■'<■■'>'> 1 ■•">•"« MCi 
 
 Copper, pcrce-ntas,'e ■'J-i'l ^^ ^1' T (Ml li>.!ti» 
 
 Iron. •• 4.".-.'ii) 4411 ~ l> ti^^lt 
 
 Ahimina, •' li' OS .... S-sS l-M 
 
 Lime, '• (i.;>il :.':! .Ml :il >4 44 ".li 
 
 .Mairiiesiu. " •■ 71 :!<•<» :>■{):, 
 
 Silic-a, •■ !•-•>: SriM) 5i!-itl 2" '.»1 
 
 Snlplmr, " I'-T.:! t! tiO 2 TS 4-21 
 
li 
 
 fiEOI.OCiK'AI. SIKVF.Y 
 
 ftxidatian. 
 
 The iron ore bodies come to tli surfiu'c practically unaltered, 
 file K<issaii eapijiiip having disappeared during the glacial jjcriod. 
 The e<>piM>r minerals in the dense magnetite mass<'a arc slightly oxi- 
 dized on exi>oscil surfrees along the sides down to the lowest depth 
 reach ■!. and following (-eeasional partings, hut the iMTeentiipc 
 affeeted is small. The hematite masses, as represented by the Pueblo 
 !iii",c, havi' siiflFcreil more. Wiiile the iron shows little change, the 
 (•(.piKT sulphides, down to a depth of 100 feet at least, are largely 
 replaced by carbonates ami otlur derivative minerals. 
 
 The oxidation of the siliceous ores vari<'S with the gaiipue. but 
 is nowhere extensive. It is greatest where the sulphidi'S, us rarely 
 happ<'ns, are enclnsed in limestone, and decreases a.s the proportion 
 of limestone lessens. Wliere the gangue is composed of a compact 
 mass of secon<lary minerals, littli' alteratinn is noticeable, except on 
 the immediate surface. 
 
 Claxsifiralioii. 
 
 The Whitehorse copinr ores jiosscftis all the characters distin- 
 guishing ordinary contact nutamorphic deposits, and are referred 
 with little hesitation to thai class. They occur mostly in metamor- 
 phic limestone, close to or in direct conta<-t with the granite or 
 grano-diorite which altered it. Veins, with the exception of occa- 
 sional thin seams, evidently of secondary origin, an- unknc^wn. 
 The ore bodies are irregidar in outline, are o<-easionally banded, and 
 vary in size from small lenticles a fe ^s across — often com- 
 
 pletely .'nclosed in limestone — to masses. - ig hundn^ls of feet 
 
 in length. The constituent minerals ai :,e which everywhere 
 
 characterize contact deposits. The common ore minerals are mag- 
 netite, hematite, bomite, and chaleopyrite, and those less frequently 
 found: tetrahedrite, chalcoeite, molybdenite, mispickel, galena, 
 stibnite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, zinc blende, and rarely free gi-id. The 
 gangue minerals include garnet, augite, trcmolitc, actinolitc, epidote, 
 scapolite, (pmrtz, and ealcite. The minerals, both metallic and non- 
 metallic, were dejx)sit'Hl metasomatieally in the limestone and granite 
 and, with trifling exceptions, are products of r ^riml of mineral- 
 ization. 
 
 There is one importai.* point, however, in which the deposits in 
 (piestion differ somewhat froji the published descriptions of other 
 memberB of this class, viz., in the intense and widespread mineral- 
 
WIIIIKIIORSK < OIM'KU UKl.T 
 
 t'o 
 
 ization of the intrusive its.lf. While tlu lar^e ajrgrenates of nietallic 
 rniiieriils cieeiir in the limestone or uloiij; the eontiict. minierons small 
 bo.lie.' and Keatt<>re(l pruins are freciuently foun.l wholly enelose.l in 
 j:ninite, often at a ('..nsiderahle ilistanee from the limestone. Jn- 
 stanees of this oeeiir at Puehio No. f.. Whitehorse, Keewenaw. am] 
 other .•laims. At the liest Ctianee lar^'e prains of chaleopyritc oeewr 
 in frranite. which mi.Tos,.(,jii,..,lly show little alteration. 
 
 The .l.veloi.ment of non-metallic minerals in the jrranite is 
 prohahly preater than in the lim.stoue, and the areas affected are 
 wi,ler and more extensive. At th.- Arctic Chief tiie pranitie rocks 
 arc w.ll mineralized for a distance of 4()0 feet hack from the lime 
 contact. 
 
 The min.rals foun.l in the pranite are similar to tii.,sc in tlie 
 limestone, nlthongh the projiortions are somewhat diflf.rent. The 
 Uiost important are th.. hrown lime-iron garnet an.Ira.lit.s ai.BJte, nn.i 
 green epi.lot.'. At a nnmher of ixdnts h.)th r.>..ks are wholly rcpla.-od 
 wh..r.. th..y naet. an.l the original .-ontn.'t nsnally sharply .l,.fine.l is 
 e..mi.].tely .,hs..nr.Ml. It is r. pr.^xnt.,! l.y a c.mpact mass .)f se-on.l- 
 ary min.rals, whi.-h fa.le into granite on the one side, and limestone 
 on the other. The transition from wholly altere,! t.. unaltere.l roek 
 is nsnally more ahrnpt in the lim.-stone than in the granite. 
 
 Tlie origin of contact d.-jKisits, such as those d.'scribed, has 
 ricntly been pretty thor.)Ughly discusse.I hy Lindgren, Vogt. Weed, 
 Kemp, and others and the general conclusion reached, that they are 
 dirivtly ,lue to the jmssage of gaseous or li.jni.l enninations, la.l<>n 
 with the rc.piisite materials from a cooling, but still li<]uid intrusive 
 magma into the bordering se.iimentary. is now generally a.-cept.>d. 
 In most cases described tlie migration of material was lateral, and the 
 or.- d.p.isits formed in th.' se.iimentary bef..re the adjoining magma 
 solidified. The extensive and simultaneous mineralization of both 
 th.' intruding and intrud.-.l r..eks in the Whiteh.ir.se district can 
 har.lly be explained, e.xeept by assuming that the movement was up- 
 ward, an.l t.M.k pla.'c after the former har.lened to some depth. The 
 cin.litions indi.ate that b.ith the porous limotone and the jointed 
 granite fnrnish.d .•hannels for th.' asc.n.ling s.dutions. 
 
 Tlie behavi.iur of the aplitic dikes is also significant in this 
 .'onnexion. They are not abundant, but the few exampl.'.s seen in 
 th.' miiK^ralized anas all sh<jw more or less alteration. Granite 
 .likes, apophyses from the main granite area, traverse both the Little 
 
•20 
 
 ! iiI.OIillAl. SntVK.Y 
 
 Clii.f a...I I'lublo in.u lo.lrs. In both ii.stan.cs the dike inater.al 13 
 now largely nplafcl ; in th.' fornur by nu.^M.otite. and in the latter 
 l,v h.Mnatito, The later iH-rphyrite dikes ooeasionally f'»i"'l ••uttnig 
 tiie ore bodies have not been affoeted. 
 
 wlii: AND <:AN<;1 H MINKIIAI.S. 
 
 Gold. 
 Free Kold in viable ^-rains is not eomn.on in the distriet, hut 
 „oeurs oeeasionaliy. A >n.all .luurtz vein eneonntered in ..nl<n.K the 
 (iraft.r shaft was i.ni.r.«nat-.l with it in ,.laees. an.l it has also been 
 f„„nd in a^soeiation with bornit.. at the CopinT Jung, and with 
 ..„pp,.r ores an.l lin>e at the Ar.-tie Chief. All the ores in the earn,, 
 show traees of gold on assay, and in a few of the .nines the gold tenor 
 is in.i.ortant. The Aretie Chief or., av.rag.' over $4 per t..n m gohh 
 the Cruft.-r ,.res about ifi' -r ton; an.l those of the Copp'r K.ng 
 somewhat les.s. 
 
 Sili-rr. 
 
 Silver is nniv.rsally pr.-ent in th.' Whitehorse „res. The per- 
 eentage is usually l.nv. th.' average ten.)r ranging from t oz. to 3 oz. 
 p,.r t.,n. A v.in ..f t.tiahe,lrite. rieh in silver, -.vas ,.n.-.>unfred at 
 the 1(10 fo.,t level ..f the Ar.-tie Chief mine. It assayed up to 147 oz. 
 per ton. 
 
 KllTKU MINKHAI.S. 
 
 lidinili'. 
 This Mdphide of .'opper an.l iron is the ni..st important mineral 
 i„ ,h.. .listriet. It o.rurs at all the min.-s au.l pr..s,«ets, with the 
 eN..eption of the l>u.-bl„ an.l Val.'rie, a.ul at most of them eonstitutc-s 
 ,h,. priuelpal sour.M. of -...per. The prineipal assoeiatcd nunerals are 
 ,.hal.-opvrite. n>ag.Ktite. garnet, tremolif, augite, actinohte, and 
 ,,pi,l,.t.' In th.' larg.. nu.gmtif ore b.«li.'s. sueh as the Aretie Chief 
 H..st Chan.v. an.l Litth- Cbi.'f. it oe.'urs .liss,.minat..l in grains an.l 
 small p.t.-h..s through.,ut th.- mass. The .listribution is always irre- 
 gular, .•.rtttiii areas of the magnetite enrrying a mu.-h higher per- 
 eeiitag.' than others. The rieher an^as are not e.M.Hu.Kl to any parti- 
 eular part of the l...le, but .K-.'ur both at the eentre an.l near the walls. 
 Tenses ..f b.irnito an.l ehalcopyrif. enelosed in a tremolite-garnet- 
 augite gangue, oeeur at many plnees in the distriet, along the hnie- 
 
will I iiiMusK < upiMi! iiKi.r :.'7 
 
 trriinitr contact, iiotalily at the (irut'tcr, ('.ippcr Kiiijr. War liable, 
 Aiincoiiila, etc. 
 
 Cii'iliDiii/iile. 
 
 Tliirt is (>' e of the .•(iiiimoiicst iiiiiicrals in ilic ili^rict, and next 
 I'l liornitc tlio iiiDst ini|Hirtant cupiK-r mineral. It occurs at all the 
 niiiM> and |)rosiKTts examined, and at the Piiehio and Vahrie is the 
 ell!.-, kncpwri -opiier suipliide irresent. It occurs in grains and .-mall 
 nia>ses disMininated throughout the iron i>re hodies, and is also con- 
 spicuous in the altered limestone zon<'s. in association with l)ornite, 
 Harnet, auKite. and trenicdite. Jt is often iiitiii;atel,v interKn.wn with 
 liornite, and hoth minerals were ividently deimsited together. 
 
 WInle the n'later part, practically the whole, of the chalcoyprite 
 is primary, a small cpiantity i- of secondary oriRin. This occurs in 
 small veins, seldom more than an inch in thickness, whi.di are found 
 at a few joints traversing some of the larff,.f lo.,.s. The associated 
 mineraLs are bornite, <iuartz. and calc-par. 
 
 Mnhuhilc (iiid Azuritc. 
 Thr' copper earlxinates are cunspiiuous from their coloration in 
 the oxidized [xirtion of all the lodes, although no large ni;i>-es have 
 heen found. They occur usually as stains, iner\istation>, or in 
 
 snudi gl. .dar hunches of radiating crystals. S ,■ small, hut 
 
 beautiful sj:e<-iniens of the latter were obtained on the Spring Creik. 
 and Kmpress of India claims. At the Pueblo the cMrbomites are 
 important economically, as they largely replace the primary sulphides 
 in the deveh)i)c<l portion of the mine, all of which is in the xidizid 
 zi me. 
 
 Cuprilf. 
 
 This rich copiM-r ore is common at the Pueblo, where it occurs 
 in .-hort veinlets and small bunches, enclosed in hennitite. Cuprite 
 also occurs in small <piantities. usually along or near the walls, in 
 the drafter, Arctic Chief, Valerie, ami other minis. It is ,,tten 
 associate<l with native copper. 
 
 ihlacnnite. 
 
 The black eoppi. xide is not plentiful, but is oceasiomdly 
 found in small quantities encrusting ehaleopyrifc. Specimens of 
 ehalcopyrite from the Best Chance show the development of the 
 
28 cEOi.onirAi. strvky 
 
 oxi.lo, both on the surface and ah'un oriK-ks which jMutratc the 
 !^nl|)hiilf for sliort ilistaiK'ea. 
 
 Chalcorile. 
 
 This niiiieral occurs in sniiiU hunches ( ndoscil in niiigiietitc, 
 at the Best Chiincc, hut is not common in the district. 
 
 Crysocolla. 
 
 Crccn crysocolhi occurs in the I'uchlo Z' -■>. 5 workinps, coating a 
 white scapolite. It al«o occurs in consitU'rahU' qiuin»i«ies in the 
 tiilicificd iKirtion of the main Pueblo ore body. 
 
 Mi'lallic Copper. 
 Native copixr (Kcurs sparingly, in grains and small scales, along 
 the walls and in tl ■ oxidized portions of nuiny of the lodes. It 
 nowhere forms large masses, an.l is not of economic importance. It 
 is often associated with cuprite, from which it is evidently derived. 
 It was noted especially at the (Jrafter. Arctic Chief, and Valerie 
 mines. 
 
 ZINC MIM.H.M-S. 
 
 Sphalerite. 
 
 Zinc bhiidc is sparingly represented in the district. It was 
 found in small quantities associated with bornitc on the Anaconda; 
 and with magnetite. i)yrrhotitc, and hornite on th Arctic Chief. 
 
 ANTI.MONY MI.NF.KAI.S. 
 
 Stibnile. 
 
 This mineral was oidy seen at one point. A small irregular 
 deposit occurs in a whitish crystalline limestone on the Western 
 mineral claim. 
 
 LEAD MINKRAI.S. 
 
 Galena. 
 
 Galena was not observed by the writer, but is reported to occur 
 on a Vlaini situated on the limestone bel*. extending north from the 
 Valerie. 
 
WIIITKItOKSK I'DPI'KU IlKI/r 
 
 1'9 
 
 Mlll.YBUEXLM MINKRALS. 
 
 Molyhilenile. 
 This iniiicral o.viirs in scal.s hikI small foliuU'd i)\iiicli<'3 at thn 
 Cnppor Kiiipr. War KiikIc, an<l other ,l«ims. 
 
 AUSKNIC MINEKALS. 
 
 Mispirhfl. 
 Arsciiii-al pyrites oeeiir in ei.nsiih'rahle quantities at the Valerie, 
 as9o<'ii»te(l with chaleopyrite. It was imt oliservod elsewliere. 
 
 IKllN .M1XKHAL.S. 
 
 Purile. 
 Tiiis cciinnion mineral is seUIoin fuuml in ci.iinexidn with the 
 VVhitehorse ore bodies. It oemirs in scattered jtrnins in a few places, 
 associated with chaleopyrite, hut is never plentiful. The porphyrite 
 rocks are o<'(uvionally impregnated over sn ill areas with disseminate.! 
 prains of pyrite. These weather to a rusty colour, and in a number 
 
 of places have been stake.! as mineral claims. Ti.ey itain no .■..m- 
 
 mercial values. 
 
 Pi/rrhotile. 
 The mnpnetite at the Arctic Chief ocasionally eii.-loses .small 
 masses of this bronze coloured mineral. It has not been found at the 
 other mines. 
 
 Magnetite. 
 
 This is the most abun.lant an.! widely distributed metallic 
 niin^'ral in the district. It o.-ciirs in jrraiiis. aK'j.'r.'>.Mte.! into Icns.s, 
 and in ii "vular masses, from a few inches to ;iti() feet in leiipth. 
 While the larjre bodies, such as those on the Best Chance, Arctic 
 Chief, an.l Little Chief claims, have develop.^.! alonp the immediate 
 lime-granite contact, nunurous smaller lensn-^. and scattcreil bunches, 
 occur both in the crystalline limestones, and bordering altered 
 granites, oft. ii at consiilcrable distances from the contact. 
 
 The magnetite aggr»'gate.s are granular in structun-, and as a 
 rule are comparatively pure. They usually terminate rather abruptly, 
 against the enclosing rock, when this is limestone, and more gradu- 
 ally where thoy adjoin granite. Dike-like apophyses occasionally 
 project for a few ieet from the main hotly into the limestone. 
 
:iu 
 
 (il-.<>l.<«'!< Al. SI liVJ.Y 
 
 Tl... i.rinri,ml ..->... int.-l .ni...n,l^ ..rr l".ruit... .■lu.'.oopyr.tr. 
 ^N.rn.f. uM>:itr. .pi.lot. . .■lin,.rl.lor.-. m..l HriK-ntin... Tl... latt.T 
 .„...,.-i...M.ll.v fnrn.^ H .....trix in «l.i.-h tl.-- nn,f:.utitr khum. «r.. .■«.- 
 U.l.lril. 
 
 lIlKI'll'll'. 
 
 Ikmatit.. is til.' i.rit.riiml min....! »t tl.r Purl-lo "'ino, and 
 ,«.,.ur« s,n.ri.>t'l,v, us.M.Uy in h.r*:- tal.ular .Ty-tiil-. at th. Ual.bit- 
 f.Mit, niack Cnl.. ami .itli.r .-liiin.-. 
 
 Tlu- I'u-l,lu h...n.itif. curs lioth in a .■om,.a<-t granular, and 
 
 o-arstlv rrvstallin. n.litioii. It l.as sufftr.d in..r.- fr.mi infiltratinR 
 
 surfa.-o wat.r than th.- inatriutit.' L.d.s. Po,U..i.. ..i it arc hi^'l.ly 
 sili.-ili..l. an.l tlu. oriKinal .•.•l-IKr sul,.l.i.l.> liavv l.r.n largely olt.-r.d 
 to carliiiiuitfs, oxidi'S, and siliontrs. 
 
 Limaiiilt'. 
 This niin.ral ownrs s|.arin}rly at all thf niini-s. as u rosult of 
 uxidatii.n. hut is nowhere ahun.lunl. It oeeasionally forms from 
 dufoniiKjsiiiK ffarnet!!. 
 
 NdN-.MKTAI.I.U- MINKHALS. 
 
 (Jiiartz. 
 This mineral o.vurs only in small quantities in th • met Muori-hie 
 rooks, and is seldom important as a ^{an^'u.■. Snudl <iuartz veins, 
 euttinu the pranite. oe.-ur on th.- Uothsay. an.l at a few other jioints. 
 hut are not .-..inmon. Tlu' lar>f epi.lote masses which ..e.-ur in the 
 pranite are uMially aeeompanie.l by quartz, an.l th." linust.m.^s. an.l 
 more rarely the ir.m ..res, an- ...•.■asi..nally irreirularly silieified. 
 
 Cnlril,: 
 A large pr..iK.rti..n ..f the limest..ms of i .listriet have Wn 
 convcrte.1 int., eoars... whitish, granular ealeit.. usually rcnuirkably 
 pure, hy eonta.-t metam..rphism. Near IIowloo creek the ealeitc is 
 exceptionally coarse, and hreaks into rhombs, often half an inch 
 or more across. The cr.vstalline lim.'ston.s weather easily, an.l talus 
 heaps, of loose, sub-angular grains. ..ecasi..nally form at the foot of 
 
 the slopes. 
 
 Feldspar. 
 
 Fcldppars occu'- occasionally as product,* of contact metamor- 
 piiism, but sel.lom in quantity. On the Dawson road, near the Ana- 
 
WIIITHKiHsi-: rol'l'M: 111 I.T 
 
 :i 
 
 i 
 
 ciiiiilii rliiiiii. th ■ liiin«t.iii.- iiK-liKlr ki.liii.v- of, iiiiil iin- umli rliiiil 
 mill M'piiriitnl frmn tlic t'riiiiilc l.y ii ru>ty, rim-tfniiinil rm'k. imtcil 
 ill the fiflil as n |Hir|ili.vriti'. In tliiti M'l-tii.ns it |irii><tl ti. \,i- nii 
 iilttreil linifstiiiic. iiinilt' up .-liii tl.v of niiiritf iiikI f.l.|>|iur. witli miIi- 
 ordiimtf <niiiiititiis of cpiilotc. I'lilrito. I'liloriti-, zoi>it. . nii<l o.-ia-ioiinl 
 fc'rains of pyritc li.imititc. niajriictitf, iiml diiilcopyritr. 
 
 J-'i'KlsparH. nii»tly untwiniKil, occur with iiiijritc in tlic jfaiit'iif 
 of thtf Wur Kajflc ore l.oily, ami in iMirtioiis of the altcrc.l rocks on 
 the CopiHT Kinjr. Black Cub. and Hot <'hiinc(' cIiiIim-. 
 
 (lanii I. 
 
 (Jarnct i» c:;<'c<>(linjf]y ahnnihuit in tlic dislrii't. It occurs in 
 scattered crystals, nml in liirffc masses, often siniiihitiii); heils in 
 their urrflnucnicnt over lartre areas, ImiIIi in the nietaiiiorphic lime- 
 stones anil in the uiljoinin^' altered granite-. It also develop as- 
 
 ioiiully in the porphyrites and the iKirphyritic dikes. 
 
 Only one variety, the liine-iron->rarnit andraditc has so far heen 
 iletufted. The normal colour of the umlradite is a dark l.niwn. 
 Siiocimenrt from the limestone cannot he distiniruishcd in any way 
 from those ohtiiined from the pranite .'he hrijiht yellow varieties. 
 Kifii o<-casioiially, are the result of hydration, \fliere completely 
 altered the jtnrnct imsses into an earthy limonite. 
 
 Garnet, auKite, and the lijrht coloured amphiholes, treniMlite, and 
 aetinolito, in varying proportions, form the ordinary piiiKue at most 
 of the mines. 
 
 Antiiliihii!,'. 
 
 White tremolitc is a common gan}.'ue mineral iit the Copper Kiiifr. 
 Oafter, War Kajilc. and other claims: it occurs commonly in radiat- 
 iiijr bunches of bladecl crystals, (nclosinj.' anjruhir frraitis of bornite, 
 1111(1 clialeoiiyrite. The usual associates are >raiii:t and aupite. Lifiht 
 green aetiiiolite is a common secondary miiural, both in the lime- 
 stones and jjtrunites. 
 
 Pyruxnir. 
 
 Light jrreen au|.'ite, in small crystals, is abundant everywhere 
 in the inotamorpliie areas, and is often the principal secondary 
 mineral present. It is a common ftanpue mineral, and is widely 
 distributed, both in the limestones and jrranites. Larpe, well formed 
 crystals of p.vroxene, sometimes associated with scapolite, occasion- 
 ally develop in the limestones. 
 
82 
 
 iJKOI.lMlU'.VI. SIRVK.Y 
 
 Small .,u..i-.titi.-. of .lurk un-ni^h an-l .vll.-wMi .,-|«i,tinr. pro- 
 huUly .Uriv.Ml fr..,n th- ir..nn.uKn.Mi.. n.in.raU. an- .x-.-a.u.ually 
 fouiul in the nlt.T.-.l lin....ln... -. ,....1 nlso in tl... nio^utiio mgr<KtiU->. 
 
 Coun..' n^l..-t„. ur. in snuiU l.un.-hrs on tl.o \Mg Chi.'f .-l.iin.. 
 
 „n.l at a ...ni.l.. of otluT ,-.-in.^. Tl... ,.rol,.,l,U- .l.-rivntion i* from 
 n<-tinolit<'. 
 
 Cliiiitrhldri'. 
 Larse tabular crystal, of this .lurk ^rei-n chloriti.- nm.rrul «ro 
 fn^Uionlly f""!"! '" tl"' variou-. n.annHit.- ma^nsrs. 
 Jfii.««.;riVc (iii't ChlnrUf. 
 Tl..-«' ar,' foun.l or.a.iMially in tl.o alt.T.',l lim.'stouf*. 
 
 This min.ral - urs at a n,nnb.T of ,«.ints. hut is nowh.r.- 
 
 nhun.lant. W.U f-rm..! .'rystals of wernrrit.., of a li^ht ,unk.sh 
 ..„lo„r. an. int.jprown with pyn.x.n.. in the .rystalliu.. lim.-stonos 
 „„ ,1k. IJiK ChiTf .-lain,. At Pu.hlo No. .1 a vhit.- translucent soap- 
 olif,. lined with gr....u ..rysoeolla. oeeura as a gauKue. The alten-.l 
 
 granifs, on ,he An-tie Chh.f an.l other . lainis. an- spotted ovr 
 ..nail areas with pinkish .lots whi<.h probably repn.sent son«. variety 
 of seaix>lito. 
 
 Kpliiole. 
 ■. n .e..on.lary niiu.ral in the alt.re.l granites, atul 
 .10 erystallin;. lini...stoiu«. It oe.'urs both in 
 sen.,,..,,.. ....-..,.. assoeiate.1 with garn.t a...l oth..r seeondary 
 
 „.i,H.rals. an.l in roun.le.l gn-.n erystalline masse.s, whi.-h rcpla.-e 
 eon.,.b't..lv. iK,rti,.ns of the granite. The large groon n.asses usi.ally 
 enelose small bun..h..s of milky white quartz. Specimens of a dark 
 tran^ueent epi.lote w.TC obtained fn.m the Ana.-on.la workmgs. 
 
 Canrrinite. 
 Small .p.antities of this wax-yellow mineral were observed in the 
 Grafter mine. It occurs in thin layers, alternating with crystalline 
 limestone, along one of the walls of the main ore body. 
 
 This is n c. 
 l,.ss fn-.puntly 
 s..iiarat.. crystals 
 
WIIITKIIOUHK « i.pi'KU IIKI.T 
 
 DESCRimoN Of HMNCIPAL MIXES AM) I'ROSPF,( Ts. 
 
 TLAIMS IN Tin; . IXTUAI, TAUT OF TIIK |.|s| ,(„ r. 
 
 TlIK ARf TIC (IIIF.f. 
 
 The Arctic- C'l.i.f is .ituute.! near the .vntre of tl,,. copp.^r 
 l-tlt. at ..II .Irvution of <.<-2-2 f.Mt abow \Vl;,t..hor«s uii.l ;i,ou' abovo 
 
 the s..a. A wiKoi. roa.l. T-l mih^ in hn^th ,„...t^ it with the 
 
 present riiilwiiy ti-rniinu* at Whit.hurM.-. It was stak. ,1 J„ly u, 1^99, 
 l.v Capt. John Irvintr. ot Victoria. li.C. During tht- past ..ason it 
 was un.l..r bonj ,0 the Arc-tie Chief Cop,^.r Mines Cun.panv. with 
 h. a.i'piarters at Si>okaiie. Wash., U.S.A. 
 
 Geology. 
 The Areti.- Chief ore body is strictly u contact deposit b.twpcn 
 limestone, and a Kniiiitoi.l rock of variable composition, but mostly 
 a hornblende granite. It is situate.! .,11 the we-t si.lc of a lon^ irre- 
 gular limestone bay, pen.-tratiiiK the granite area in a northerly dire.- 
 tioM. The limestones en<-lose,i i„ the bay arc similar to thosl. along 
 other portions of the copiK-r Ix-lt. They are homogeneons .-rvstttliine 
 ro,ks. white to greyish in colour, and as a rule reim.rkably fr.e from 
 inclusions and impu- .ies, ...xcept n-.ar the contact with the intrusive. 
 They have been welded int., solid masses in places, but over most of 
 tiie area the U-d.ling is even an.l r.-gular. 
 
 The l)or.lerinM rusive. in the vi.-inity .,f the ore body, is an 
 altere.1 .piartz diorii.-, loii.l..,! with .s.-.-ondary minerals, among which 
 piriu-t, augite, epid.,te, eah-it.-. chalcopyrite. and magnetite are c.n- 
 spicuous. The dioritic phase is l.,cal, an.l the .li.,rite,s pass towards 
 the west anil n.irth into hnrnbl.n.lc granites, an.l tl.e s,.,.ti.,ns show 
 a further transition, at ..ne ixjint, into h.>rnblen.le sy.-nit.-. 
 
 The granites near the Arctic Chief ore bo.Iy are exceptio- My 
 strongly mineralized. The aff.-ctcl area has a length of 1,(KK) icet. 
 following the lime^tiine ontact, and a wi.lth of 400 fct. The min- 
 eralization is not uniform, an.l gra.lually .liminishos away from tho 
 ore body. Where most intense, tho original nx-ks are alm.>st entirely 
 replacc.1 by alternating ban.ls and masses of garnet, and a green 
 augitic rock, classed as pyroxenite. The highly altered areas are 
 
 636J— 3 
 
rn 
 
 (.1 (»i.<M,nAi. sriivr.Y 
 
 oftou .hurlv trao.ul.l.- into unn.iMak.uUr granites l.ol.ling .oattertd 
 cry-luls «n.l inas^o. of garua au.l ipi.lotf. un.l fartUr away into tU.. 
 
 unalltred variety. 
 
 The prinnipnl i«i-..n,lary mintraU priMUt ore, ijanut. nuBite, 
 epi.lol... nu.BP.tit,. a.*Miate.l with U.rnite nn.l .•haU-opyritr. net.no- 
 lit., and .ea,K.lilf. Kpidote. while not oceurrinK in such qunntitie. 
 n. (tarnet. i. f-.un.l over n wider area. MaKH'tif o<-e.irs .n Hn.all and 
 lart'r lenH... ami is wi.lely distributed in individual grains. Pmk 
 8,np"lite i» ......spicumu in plne<«. but i* not quantitatively inip-.r- 
 
 tunt. . 
 
 V few small inehisions of crystalline limestone w-e-ur in tho 
 altered granitic are;., and may have influene.Kl iti. mineralizaton. 
 They contain the ...me s.eondary minoraU a. the granite, but m 
 somewhat different proportions. Brown andradito is the chief 
 mineral in both roeks, while epidotc is relatively K*9 abundant in 
 tlij limestone* than in the granite. 
 
 A number of large .likes ooeur in the vicinity of the Ar.tm 
 Chief l.Kle, cutting sharply across both limestone an.l altered granite. 
 They were intrmled after the f,.rmati..n of the ore bo.lies, and had 
 no effect on the mineralizaticn of the region 
 
 Devchpmenl. 
 
 Tho Arctic Chief ore k«ly outcrops on rising Kroiiii.l, and has 
 been opened up by means of a tunn.l. Develot^.cnt work e..m- 
 rnen.-...! in 1!»0:>. but has procewled slowly. Tho present owners are 
 making a systematic attempt to define the limits of the ore body. 
 The principal workings consist of a tunnel, 2;!0 f.-et in length, with 
 short crc».s'cuts at intervals to the walls of the lode. The tunnel, 
 with th.' exception of the first 65 feet, follows ore tliroughout. A 
 shaft has been sunk near the centre of the ore body, to a d.'pth of ."iO 
 feet below the main level ; and an upraise to the surface. 05 feet in 
 length, has just been completed. The lower part of the shaft is in 
 altered diorite, and some drifting was done from the foot of it 
 .luring the past scascu; to determine the character of tho ore body 
 at that level. The drifting was not extensive enough to give positive 
 results. 
 
 Ore Body and Ores. 
 
 The outcroppings of the Arctic Chief ore body at the surface, 
 consist of n long lens of n.arly solid, practically unnxidized magne- 
 
WIHTKIIIIRSI 
 
 <<)f'IHI( IIH.T 
 
 35 
 
 tit.% *lainf<l ill i,la..,.H will, .-opiM r .•arl...i.at. v Tl». hnrj ^urfu.-c 
 section i» groov.Nl nn.l Htriat..! »..v i... Tl.r ..xi.liz.,! .ipp, r |...riio.., 
 if n.iy cxi^f..!, w„. r.inovul .liirinK th. ^l.,.ial ,»ri..,|, nn.l i.im-c then 
 little ulUratioii hat taken place. 
 
 ouruMt or^Mcric cwtr out teer on «-./« u^r,. 
 Scott mn,*^ iajinck. 
 
 Vm. I. 
 Til.' ore b.Hly. n:^ .klinwl l.y fh.- workings in th.- main level 05 
 iVit Ulow the Mirf.ice, consists of i. niu>s of nmjfnetite, approxim- 
 ately V.M fiet lontf, and from ;.>:. to 40 feet in width. Tho mass i>i 
 fairly re^nlar ia outline, but curves (c-ntly away from the granite 
 .ontael, towards the west. S.nall parallel lenses have been disclosed 
 by the Workings at two ijoints. 
 
 Little is known ..f the ore bo,|y below the main level. A centrally 
 located shaft. ,-.!) fc^t in deptU, followed ore for 25 feet, then pa.sse,! 
 through altered diorite. A short drift to the north, from the foot of 
 the shaft, penetrated mixed ore and altered rock for a few feet, and 
 then entered limestone. A lens of well mineralized magnetite wa» 
 encountered in a short cross-cut from this drift to the right, follow- 
 ing the lime-diorite contact; but the work done was insufficient to 
 show whether this represents the downward continuation of the main 
 ore botly, or the upper part of a new bus. A cross-cut to the left, 
 along th(^ lime-diorite contact, led to the discovery of a vein of rich 
 silver-bearing tctrahedritc. The vein varies in width from a few 
 inches, to a couple of feet, and had been followed about 40 feet, at 
 the time of my visit. It docs not appear on the surface, and this 
 mineral is not known elsewhere in the camp. 
 
 The main magtictite lens of the Arctic Chief is enclosed directly 
 6361-31 
 
.■50 
 
 GKOI.OOICAI, SIRVEY 
 
 are 
 in 
 
 between altered granite and crystalline limestone, at its eastern end 
 only. The western portion of the lode bends away from the contact, 
 and has developed entirely in limestone. Where the lode adjoins 
 the granite, it is bonlered by a zone of mixed ore, and diorite, largely 
 replaced by secondary minerals. In the limestone it is more sharply 
 defined, the dark magnetite usually ceasing abruptly against a wall 
 of white limestone, either pure or containing only a few scattered 
 grains of iron. Horses of nearly pure iron occur in the magnetite, 
 and tongues of magnetite occasionally penetrate the lime for a few 
 feet. 
 
 The magnetite varies greatly in texture, often passing in r short 
 distance from a fine close-grained condition to a coarsely granular 
 one. In certain areas, esiwcially near the boundaries, the grains are 
 separated by a soft seriKjntiiioid mineral resulting from the hydra- 
 tion of secondary augite and actinolite. Clinochlore is also present, 
 in places, in considerable quantities. 
 
 The principal economic minerals associated with the magnetite 
 
 the two copper sulphides, bornite and chalcopjTite. They occur 
 about equal quantities. They are distributed in grains and small 
 patches throughout the whole Kxle, but are more abundant in some 
 areas than in others. They occur both in separate grains and 
 bunches, and are intimately intergrown. 
 
 Copper minerals, resulting from the alteration of tho sulphides, 
 are less plentiful at the Arctic Chief than at most of the other mines. 
 The two copper carbonates, malachite and azurite, occur in small 
 quantities at the surface and along tlie walls, but are seldom found 
 in the interior of the lode. Cuprite, the red oxide, also occurs spar- 
 ingly along the walls, and is usually associated with small quantities 
 of native copi)er. 
 
 The iron sulphide, pyrrhotite, is occasionally found at this mine, 
 in small masses enclosed in magnetite. The common zinc sulphide, 
 sphalerite, also occurs, but is comparatively rare. No pyrite was 
 observed. 
 
 The gold and silver values in the Arctic Chief are important. 
 Assays invariably show gold in some quantity, the tenor ranging 
 from traces, up to over two oimces per ton ; and the whole lode 
 probably averages over $4 to the ton. The gold values are not 
 iutluonci'd by the coj^wr iKTcentage, since ores high in copper, often 
 carry light values in gold. Specks of native gold are occesionally 
 
WiriTF.nORSE COPPER BKLT 
 
 37 
 
 found, both in tho ores nii<l in the crygtallino limestone. The silver 
 tenor of the ordinary s^hippiiijr oris avirapcs about two oiinoes per 
 ton; and assays of 147 ounces to the ton liave licin ohtaineil from 
 the tetrahedrite vein in the lower level. 
 
 The averape rnpiHT pereentape of the Arctie Chief lo*le is diffi- 
 cult to estimate, Imt probably somewhat exceeds 4%. A selected 
 shipment of 140 tons, made in 1004, pave returns of 0.3!) ounce of 
 gold, 2-5 ounces of silver, and 7-22^1 of copiier. A shipment of S.T 
 tons, made during the past season, yielded 018 oimce of gold. 2(X) 
 ounces of silver, and 5-37'^ of copper. 
 
 The following partial analyses of Arctic Chief ores were made 
 at the Ladysmith smelter: — 
 
 Au Ag Cu 
 
 (1).. 09 oz. 2-45 ozs. 81.3% 
 
 (2).. 015 oz. 2. 15 ozs. 7-75<~'f^ 
 
 (3).. 008 oz. 112 ozs. 3-57C 
 
 SJO, 
 
 8 00% 
 4-40% 
 6-60% 
 
 Fe 
 
 44-84% 
 50-61% 
 53-20% 
 
 Al.O, 
 
 15-78% 
 12 62% 
 13-2S% 
 
 CaO 
 
 None 
 None 
 None 
 
 Claims in the vicinity of the Arctic Chief, developed to some 
 extent, include the Whitehorse, Golden Gate, the Suburban in the 
 Corvette group, and the Verona. 
 
 The two former belong to the same company oiK'rating the 
 Arctic Chief, and extend southward from it. They are situated in 
 a granite area, destitute, as far as known, of limestone inclu- 
 sions. The croppings on both claims are similar, and consist of 
 partially decomposed granite, or diorite, seldom more than a few 
 feet across, stained with iron and copper. Quartz, calcite, white 
 mica, and ehalcopyrite, are the principal minerals present. The 
 workings consist of a few shallow pits. 
 
 The Suburban is situated east of the Arctic Chief, on a valley 
 branching off from Mclntyre creek. The lime-granite contact line 
 passes through it, and is well exposed in the steep southern bank of 
 the valley. The contact here is very sharp, and nearly vertical. The 
 bordering granites are not mineralized, and are comparatively fresh. 
 The limestones near the contact are altered mostly into fine-grained 
 magnetite and serpentine, stained with copper carbonates. The 
 altered zone has a width of 4 feet, and is followed by 6 feet of lime- 
 stone, beyond which is a second, narrow, copper-stained bed. 
 
 North of the valley the contact is bordere<l by a narrow gamet- 
 ized band, containing some bornite, ehalcopyrite, and magnetite. A 
 shaft 50 feet deep has been sunk on the deposit. 
 
 i 
 
38 
 
 OEOLOOICAL SURVEY 
 
 The Verona, northeast of the Arctic Chief, is iinJcrlaid mostly 
 by basil granites or dioritea, and limestones only occur as occasional 
 inclusions. The granites bordering the inclusions are altered and 
 partly replaced by epidote, garnet, augite, and other secondary 
 minerals, including bornite, ehalcopyrite, and magnetite. 
 
 A lens of magnetite, 30 feet in diameter, carrying copper 
 minerals, occurs on the same claim. The lens is situated about 300 
 feet southeast of the line of limestone inchisions, and is surrounded 
 by epidotized and garnetized diorite. No work has been done on it. 
 
 THE GBA 
 
 The Grafter ranks among the import .i.. ... nes of the district. 
 It is situated about a mile north of the Arctic Chief, at an elevation 
 of 730 feet above Whitehorse. A wagon road, 7 '3 miles in length, 
 connects it with the terminus of the railway at the latter point. 
 
 The Grafter was staked August 5, 1899, by Wm. Woodney, and 
 in the following year a shallow shaft was sunk on a small oxidized 
 area near the eastern boundary of the claim. In 1901, the claim was 
 bonded to a local syndicate, and in that, and tho following year, the 
 shaft was continued down to a depth of 50 feet, and a southwesterly 
 drift from the foot of the shaft was carried forward for a distance of 
 137 feet. Work was resumed in the spring of 1907, by Robert Lowe, 
 the present owner, and a considerable quantity of ore was mined, 
 and shipped during the season. 
 
 Geology, 
 
 The Grafter is si:uated in an area of narrow alternating bands 
 of limestone and basic granite or diorite, all more or less altered. 
 The intrusive here is a light to dark grey, rather coarse rock, mottled 
 everywhere by dark areas, from a few inches to several feet in 
 diameter. Most of these are basic segregations, but the angular 
 character of a few of the larger ones suggests inclusions. Small 
 light coloured aplite veins cut across both light and dark areas, and 
 give the rock a very variegated appearance. 
 
 The intrusive is more basic than usual, the sections examined 
 indicating a diorite, and in some instances, where augite is present 
 in considerable quantities, a diorite-gabbro rather than a granite. 
 The segregations consist mostly of hornblende, and a kaolinized 
 plagioclase with some pyroxene, orthoclase, biotite and magnetite. 
 Secondary minerals, mostly andrndite, epidote, augite and actinolite, 
 
wniTEHORSn COPPKR UF.LT 
 
 39 
 
 and copper sulphides, have developed in the granite near the lime- 
 stone contact, and occasionally almost completely replace it. 
 
 The narrow limestone bands near the Grafter are enclosed in 
 granitic rocks, and are altered into coarse, white and greyish marble?. 
 In the immediate vicinity of the ore body, and at other points along 
 the contact, the limestone is strongly mineralized, chiefly with andra- 
 dite and varieties of pyroxene and honblende. Besides those, a 
 few nod\do3 of serpentine, probably derived from the ferro-mngiiesian 
 minerals, " - nlso present. A iK-culiar, yellow i,andpd variety proved 
 on pxaminiuiin to be impregnated, in layers, with silica and iron. 
 
 Workings. 
 
 The workings on the Grafter consist of a shaft somewhat less 
 than 100 feet deep, sunk on the ore body. At the 50 foot level, the 
 ore body, which here describes a semi-circular course, has been fol- 
 lowed for a distance of 150 feet, and has been stoped out in places 
 nearly to the surface. A southwesterly drift, 137 feet in length, has 
 also been run on the same level, to undercut a secon<l surface show- 
 ing. No ore was found in the drift, but more cross-cutting is neces- 
 sary to prove definitely its existence, or non-existence, at this depth. 
 
 Ore Body and Ores. 
 
 The Grafter ore body has developed near the end ol a small lime- 
 stone tongue, which penetrated ilie main granitic area for a few 
 hundred feet. The limestone at the extremity of the tongue is 
 irregularly altered, portions of it being completely replaced by the 
 ordinary assemblage of secondary minerals;' while other portions, 
 sometimes directly above, are almost free from them. The granites, 
 or diorites bordering the limestone are also more or less completely 
 replaeetl along a narrow intermittent zone by the same minerals 
 which have developed in the limestones, and in some areas the 
 present representatives of the two rocks are so sirailiar that tlicy 
 cannot be distinguished in the field. 
 
 The ore body worked at present has formed around a core of 
 nearly pure, white crystalline limestone, 28 feet across. Development 
 work has not proceeded far enough to show whether the central 
 limestone mass is entirely encircled or not. At the 50 foot level, ore 
 has been followed oontinuousl/ around one end of the core, for a 
 distance of 150 feet. The ore body here has a maxiiiuini width nf 
 
40 
 
 OKOI.fMilCAI. SI-RVEY 
 
 IV fict, and with the (x.-eption of on., k-nn strtt.h, at the end of the 
 oMonjj limestone core, is seldom less than C feet in width. 
 
 The continuation <lownwar(ls of the ore body, to a depth of 00 
 feet at lea-t. was prove«l l.y a shaft, sunk diirinp the past season; 
 and preparations were being mrnle at the time of my examination to 
 drift alonp it at that level. 
 
 The (irafter or.'s consist essentially of Imrnite an.l chalcopyrite. 
 in varyinjr quantities, <lisseminated throuph a hard sarnet-aupite- 
 tremolite Ranpue. Malachite and azurite. cuprite and native copper, 
 also occur in small quantities. Magnetite is common, hut do<.s not 
 form large masses, and grains <.f pyrite, a somewhat rare mineral in 
 the ore brxlies. are occasionally found interprown with the chal- 
 copyrite. A small veinh.t of quartz, carrying spe<.ks of native gold, 
 was cut m sinking tlu- shaft. The gangue minerals, besides those 
 mentioned, include aetiiiolite, cancrinite, and epidote. 
 
 The cop,K>r minerals are usually most abundant close to the 
 unaltere<l limestone, and the grad. of the ores decreases gradually 
 as a rule, away from it. until they become too lean to ship. Occa- 
 sional grains and bunches of bornite and chalcopyrite occur through- 
 out the whole altered area. 
 
 The shipments from the Grafter to <lat<., mostly ma,. "ng 
 
 the pa.st season, have amounte<l to about 2.000 tons The ore sh 1 
 carried from 6 to 8 <% of coppe-r. and contained besides, valu.- . 
 gold and silver, averaging about $.3 per ton. It was practically 
 unsorted. 
 
 The smelter returns of a couple of average shipments are a.s 
 follows: — 
 
 LI'S. Moist. DryWt. Copper. Silver. Gold 
 
 ^■'•'•■'"" 1-'^"^ 1«"-T08 :.8.3r;, i.gso,. ^^o? 
 
 "^^^ 1-3^^ 218.402 -mc, i.,i4oz. lOoz 
 
 ♦ THE BE.ST CHANCE. 
 
 This claim was staked on July 7, 1800, by Angus McKinnon. as 
 the Last Chance, and relocated July Ifi, 19(K3, under its present name. 
 It IS now being d.^velopt-d by the company oiK.rating the Arctic Chief 
 It IS situated in the valley of ilclntj-re creek, directly east of the 
 Grafter, an.l is reached from Whitehorse by a wagon road seven and 
 a half miles in length. Its elevation above Whitehorse is COO feet, 
 somewhat less than that of the Grafter. 
 
WHITEIIORSE COI'I'Ei; BKI.T 
 
 41 
 
 The Best Chance contains the lurjfot siirfiuc showinjr o{ cupri- 
 ferous mapu'tite so far discovered in the district. The surface oiit- 
 croppinjfs of the mass, now heiiip prospe.ted. measure 360 feet in 
 length, with a maximum width of C' feet, and an averafre width of 
 about 30 feet. The mapnetite here, unlike the Arctic Chief ore body, 
 has not been ground down by ice. and proj. cfs above the surface in a 
 n'iniaturc range of low hummcK-ky iron-garnet hills, from G to 20 
 ftct in iieight. 
 
 Geologif. 
 The geology of the Best Chance ore body is very similar to that 
 of the Arctic Chief. It has developed al<,ng a granite-lime contact, 
 and both these rocks are intensely altere<l in it.s neiglibourhood. The 
 limestone on the west is concealed, except at a few points close to 
 the ore body, and it is not known whether it forms the extremity of n 
 spur projecting from the main limestone area, or is a small inclu- 
 sion in the granite. It is coarsely crystalline where expose.1. and 
 near the northern end of the lode is largely replaced by garnet and 
 augitc. 
 
 The band of nlterwl granites, bordering the magnetite hns in 
 the cast, is much narrower than that in the vicinity of the Arctic 
 Chief, barely measuring 50 feet. The principal secondary minerals 
 developed in it are andradite, augite, actinolite, epidote. chalcopyrite, 
 and magnetite. A small exposure of crystalline limestone, bordered 
 by magnetite, occurs at one point in the altered intrusive area. 
 
 Development. 
 Very little development work has so far been done on the Best 
 Chance. The workings consist of three shallow shafts, one 3,') feet 
 deeii. with an easterly drift from its foot of 10 feet, and three open- 
 cuts, two of them in the altered zone bordering the magnetite lens in 
 the east. 
 
 Or en and Ore Body. 
 Practically nothing is known of the character and shape of the 
 Best Chance ore bo<ly, in depth. It is conspicuously exix)sed on the 
 surface, the outcropping showing an oblimg. fairly regular copper- 
 stained magnetite mass, from 20 feet to C."> feet in width, continu- 
 ously traceable for a distance of fully 3C0 feet. The magnetite is 
 coarser grained than that of the Arctic Chief lode, and like it. 
 although reddened in siwts, has suffered little from surface oxida- 
 
42 
 
 GEOI-0(ilC.VL 'IKVKV 
 
 tion. It is comparatively pure over large areas, but in places, espe- 
 cially along the eastern border, is intermingled with garnet and other 
 sccondiiry minerals. The lode is traversed irregularly, at all angles, 
 by straight narrow partings, resembling jointage planes. 
 
 The copper minerals, associated with the magnetite, consist 
 mostly of bornite and chalcopyritc, and various carbonates, and 
 oxides derived from them. Besides these, small bunches of chaleo- 
 cite are occasionally uncovered. The copper minerals occur in 
 quantity, both in the magnetite, and in portions of the altered 
 garnetized zone adjoining it in the east. Bands, several feet across, 
 occur in the latter, impregnated with chalcopyritc, in grains and 
 small masses. 
 
 Xo shipments of ore have so far been maile from the Best 
 Chance, and the general average tenor in copper is not definitely 
 known. There is little doubt, however, that a large proportion of the 
 whole magnetite mass, and considerable tonnage from the bordering 
 garnetized zone, will exceed four per cent. 
 
 The values in gold and silver are small, seldom exceeding $2 per 
 ton. 
 
 THE RETRIBUTION. 
 
 This claim adjoins the Best Chance, on the north. The prin- 
 cipal showing consists of a mass of large, angulu*, copper-stained, 
 magnetite blocks, 50 feet in length, projecting through the drift. 
 The blocks appear loose, but have evidently not moved far, and may 
 be situated directly above their point of origin. They occur in the 
 strike of a band of garnetized granite, which extends southward 
 from the limestone contact 240 feet distant, and may have been 
 derived from it. Further development work is needed to prove this 
 fact, as the rocks in the vicinity are mostly concealed by drift. 
 
 Development on the Retribution is limited to a couple of shallow 
 shafts, and two short tunnels driven into the bank of ifclntyre creek. 
 
 THE EMPRESS OF INDIA. 
 
 This claim is situated on Mclntyre creek, north of the Retribu- 
 tion. Very little development work has been done on it, and it is 
 important at present, chiefly from the fact that it is crossed by the 
 sinuous, main lime-granite contact line, with its bordering zone of 
 altered cupriferous rocks. 
 
WniTEHORSE COPPER BELT 
 
 43 
 
 The limestones along the contact are altered into white, an<l 
 greyish marbles, with irregular areas more or less completely re- 
 placed with secondary minerals: chiefly garnet, augite, aetiioHte. 
 quartz, and calcite. Accompanying these, are occasional grains ami 
 bunches of bornite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, and molybdenite. The 
 copper sulphides are largely altered, near the surface, into the car- 
 bonates and oxides. They are widely disseminated along the altered 
 zone, but no large lens of pay ore has po far been discovered. 
 
 The granites, northeast of the limestone, are also mineralized, 
 chiefly with garnet and cpidote. The latter occurs in roimded, (ireen 
 masses, often 20 feet across, associated with small quantities of 
 quartz and calcite. 
 
 TUB SPRIXO CREEK. 
 
 The conditions on this claim are very similar to those of the 
 Empress of India. The lime-granite contact line enters it from the 
 latter, and is well exposed on the eastern part of the claim. In the 
 western part it is concealed by drift. 
 
 The contact line is bordered on both sides by an unjsually 'vi la 
 zone of altered rocks. The replacement minerals in (he limestone 
 consist mostly of garnet, with subordinate quantities of :uii,'ite, 
 actinolite, epidote, quartz, and calcspar, and in the grunite of garnet 
 and epidote. 
 
 The secondary minerals are accompanied as usual by the copper 
 sulphides and magnetite, and at one point a small lens of rich bornite 
 and chalcopyrite ore has been opened up by a shaft 43 feet deep. 
 Further discoveries, on both the Spring Creek and Empress of India 
 claims, are probable. 
 
 North of the Spring Creek claim, the drift covering becomes 
 thicker, and more continuous, and the important lime-granite con- 
 tact line is everywhere concealed, until the Pueblo claim in the 
 northern part of the district is reached. 
 
 CLAIMS IN THE NORTHERN PART OF THE DISTRICT. 
 
 THE PUEBLO. 
 
 The Pueblo mine is situated in the valley of Porter creek, near 
 the northern end of the copper belt, at an elevation above the soa 
 of 2,600 feet, and above Whitehorse of 570 feet. It is connected with 
 the latter point by a good wagon road, 6-5 miles in length. 
 
44 
 
 flKOI.OOICAI- SfnVKT 
 
 Hialori/. 
 The Puclilo copiHT concession wax staked July 7, ISW, by II. E. 
 Porter. The original discovery was made — co it is stated — not on 
 the great copper-stained hemntite mas« which now gives it value, b\it 
 on un unimportant quartz vein situuteil near the eastern boundary 
 of th:" concession. It passc<I, soon after being staked, into the posses- 
 sion of the Whitehorse Copper Company, and was almost imme- 
 diately bonded — with fift<>en other <'laims owned by the same Company 
 — to the British-America Corporation. Some development work was 
 done by the latter Company; but the grade of the ore not proving 
 satisfactory, the bond was thrown up. Early in 190C, the concession 
 was bought by the Yukon Pueblo Alining Company, of Siwikane, 
 Wash., U.S.A., and a systematic exploration of the ore body has since 
 been in progress. 
 
 Development Work: 
 
 The development work by the British-America Corporation con- 
 sisted of sinking a shaft 70 feet deep, and drifting across the lode 
 from the bottom of this. These workings were fillwl with ice and 
 water at the time of my visit, and were inaccessible. The main 
 drift extends about N. 19° W. from the bottom of the shaft, for a 
 distance of 120 feet; and 30 feet from the face a shaft was sunk to 
 a depth of 30 feet below the level of the drift. A second drift ex- 
 tends southwest from the bottom of the 70 foot shaft, for a distance of 
 35 feet. 
 
 The long drift, and both shafts, are reported to be entirely in 
 ore, while the short drift penetrates crystalline limestone. Work 
 under the present management has consisted mainly in determining 
 the surface outline of the ore body, and in removing the boulder clay 
 which covers the eastern part of it. 
 
 Oeology. 
 
 The Pueblo ore body is sit\iate<l near the granite-lime contact; 
 but appears to be enclosed entirely in crystalline limestone. Just 
 how close it approaches the actual contact is not known, as the 
 country east of it is he-.vily drift-covered. The first outcrop of 
 trranite — here a hornblende variety — occurs in an easterly direction, 
 nt a distance of 380 feet, and in a northerly direction, at a distance 
 of 270 feet. The limestone replaced by the ore body was originally 
 cut by granitic dikes, and partially altered portions of these arc still 
 
 mk 
 
WIIITKHOIWK CUPl'KB BKl.T 
 
 4r> 
 
 recognizable. A jxirphyritc <likt'. 2 to 4 fi'tt in width, yoiiiiu.r than 
 the ore body, crowtw it in a northerly ilireotion. The dike ha* been 
 attacked by solution* containing copier, and is everywhere ileeoni- 
 po»ed and copper stained. Portions of it, for a considerable distance 
 below the surface, have Uen removed, and the spa<'c tilled in with 
 gravel and boulilers. 
 
 The limestone in the vicinity of the lode is highly crystalline, 
 and contains a few garnets, but is not rich in secondary minerals. 
 The granites immediately bordering the limestone, descending I'orter 
 Creek valley, are also only slightly mineralized. Farther down, at 
 a distance of 840 feet from the main ore body, an area of intense 
 mineralization occurs. The granites exposed on the right bank of 
 Porter creek are filled with wcoiulary minerals, mostly garnets, for 
 a distance of over 300 feet. Some iron, in disseminateil grains and 
 small bunches, carbonates of copi)or, and occasional grains of chal- 
 copyrite, are also present. Limestones occur on the op|x>site bank of 
 Porter creek, and probably bonier the mineralized area, but the 
 contact is concealed beneath the wcsh-covered flats of Porter creek. 
 
 Ore Body and Ores. 
 The Pueblo ore body, as exposed on the surface by itresint 
 development, is an irregularly shniKnl mass, "00 feet in lenpth. and 
 170 feet wide, near the centre. The surface section measures approxi- 
 mately ;{3,000 h(iuare feet. It has been proved to u depth of 100 
 feet. The horizontal section at this level is not known, as it was 
 only reached by a single shaft. At the 70 foot level the dimensions 
 orobably equal those at the surface, as a drift 120 feet in length 
 from the f«M)t-wall failed to reach the hanging-wall. The general dip 
 of the lode has not been definitely pro\en. The ftM>t-wall near the 
 shaft has a northerly inclination of about <M)°. 
 
 The ore is essentially a cupriferous hematite, deposited in lime- 
 stone by a metasomatic replacement of the latter. The replacement 
 has besn nearly complete, only iccasional traces of the original lime- 
 stone remaining. The replacement of a grrfnite dike which cuts the 
 limestone is less perfect. Portions of the dike have been wholly or 
 partially altered to iron and other minerals, but in places its original 
 character is still evident. 
 
 The liematite grades in texture from a fine compact variety to 
 8 coarse glistening specularite. It is always slightly oxidized, even 
 at the lowest depth reached, but the exidation is confined, as a rule. 
 
40 
 
 OEOLOOICAI- BIBVEY 
 
 to the Hiirfarcs of tho tpraiu!*, and no complete conversion of the 
 hemntit*' to limonitc has btt-n effected, except at a few tpot* on the 
 surface. An irregular lilicification of the lode, by surface watcr«>, 
 hnn produced important changes in the character of the ore. Certain 
 nrtns have been converted by this agency into hard siliceous masse*. 
 
 The copper sulphides as»<iciate<l with the hematites have suffered 
 more by alteration than the hematite itself, and have been largely 
 altered into carbonates, o.\ide8, and silicates. No bornitc has so far 
 been four.il, although this mineral was probably present originally, 
 as it is common throughout the district. Chalcopyrite has also dis- 
 b'lpearcd from the greater portion of the lode, but has been preserved 
 in a few limited areas. The carbonates of copper, especially the 
 green carbonat>>, are the most important economic minerals in the 
 portion of the lode explored at present. They occur disseminated 
 throughout the hematite, and while more abundant in some portions 
 than in others, nowhere form large, pure masses. The silicate of 
 copper crysocolla is common, especially in the silicified portions. 
 Cuprite, the red oxide, is sparingly distributed in veinlets, and small 
 masses, through limited portions of the lode. 
 
 The alteration of most of the original copper sulphides into 
 various secondary minerals, was accompanied by an impoverishment 
 of certain portions of the lode, and an enrichment of others, espe- 
 cially near the periphery. The grade on this account is variable, 
 ranging from 1% up to 10%, or more. The smelter returns from a 
 sliipment of 700 tons, taken from different parts of the lode, gave 
 5}% of copper, and Ij ounces of silver, while the average grade of 
 the whole lode, so far as explored, probably approximates 4% in 
 cop The great excess of iron over silica — usually amounting ♦" 
 
 fr- .'"%■ to 30% — is an important feature of the ore. 
 
 The gold and silver values in the Pueblo ores are small, as a 
 i^ie, although occasional assays show from $1 to $2 in gold, and 
 from one ounce to three ounces of silver per ton. 
 
 No shipments were ipade from the Pueblo during the past season. 
 
 THE COPPER KING. 
 
 The Copper King was staked July 6, 1898, by Jack Mclntyre, 
 and has the distinction of being the first claim located in tho camp. 
 It is situated about four miles northwest of Whitehorse, and is con- 
 nected with that point by a wagon rood, four and a half miles long. 
 
 A 
 
WIIITKIIKIISK fOl'l'l It III I.T 
 
 47 
 
 Bc-»iiUa bting the first claim gtakctl. the i'opi)er King wa« aUo 
 the fifHt claim on wliiih a »erioUH attempt at .Ifvcl.ipmciit won ma.lc. 
 It war* principally owing to the contimuil work of tlie ownirs— 
 Mclntyre and Granger— on it, and tlic results obtuiried. that interest 
 in the camp wa« kept alive after the first excitement harl »iib»ided. 
 Both these miners subsequently lost their lives in the district, 
 Mclntyrc by drowning, and (iranger by suffocation in a shaft. 
 
 During the i)Bst season this claim, with a large nimd>er of others 
 in the district, was under bond to Col. Thomas, of Pittftburtfh, Ptiin. ; 
 and exploratory work— which hud been at a standstill for some timt^ — 
 was resumed. 
 
 Oeologij. 
 The CopiKT King, unlike most of the other important claims in 
 the district, is situated, not along the e<lge of the granite area, but 
 in a wedge-shaped tilted limestone fragment, originally about 600 
 feet in width and 1,200 feet in length, included in the granite mass, 
 and surroundi'd on all sides by intrusive rocks. The liracstoiue 
 strikes in an easterly direction towards the Carlisle, and extends 
 into that claim for some distance, just how fur is not known, as the 
 surface is concealed by drift. 
 
 The limestone is everywhere profoundly metamorphosed, and is 
 now represented by isolated patches of light greyish, coarsely crys- 
 talline limestone, surrounded by rooks ma<lc up almost entirely of 
 secondary minerals, principally brown ganiet, augite, tremolite, 
 actinolite, and epidote. Accompanying these, especially near the 
 cores of unaltered limestone, are the copper sulphides; bomite and 
 chalcopyrite. Magnetite, molybdenite, and occasionally free gold, 
 arc also found. 
 
 At certain points the secondary minerals arc arranged in definite, 
 but usually overlapping zones, the order of succession being limestone, 
 bomite and chalcopyrite, tremolite, and garnet and augite inter- 
 mingled. This succession, however, is not constant, as the copper 
 sulphides and tremolite are often absent, and the limestone passes 
 directly into a garnet, or garnet-augite rock, usually carrying some 
 copper. 
 
 The granitoid rocks surrounding the limestone have also been 
 altered, and partially replaced by secondary minerals, for varying 
 distances back from the contact. The rerlacing minerals are prin- 
 cipally garnet, augite, and epidote, similar to those in the limestone; 
 
48 
 
 orOLOfllC.*' BfRVKY 
 
 Biul whiTf the rtplttciiuiiit i* pompK'tf tlM> origiiml contort lino i« 
 t'omplc'ti'ly obsM'unil. 
 
 In the wi»t»rii part of the i-laim, •lung the valley of Mclntyre 
 tT«-ek, th«' Kraiiitoi'l "■'"'•*' «"' thoroughly lii-ompo«e»l for W> feet or 
 more Iwluw the Hurfuif. iviiJ crumble »lown into a coarse tand. Thry 
 ar»' more basic hi r- than u»uul. contain little or no quartz, and 
 consist mainly i>f hornblende, » igitc, ami fcldnpaM too <lecoro|)"sotl 
 to tletcrminc. A s|M(inieii cxuuiineil from the eaittern part of the 
 claim provi^l to 1k' uii augite Hyenitc. 
 
 Di'i'elupmenl- 
 
 The principii! .MirkiiiKs are situated uii u small plateau, (W feet 
 in height, overlooking Miliityre Creek valley on the east, and eoiwist 
 of an incline lUO feet in length fllowing an ore shoot, and two 
 drifts, one ut 03 fint. and the other at 91 feet below the surface. The 
 first of these starts at the bottom of Porter Creek valley, and has 
 b'en driven in an easterly direction— mostly through altered granite* 
 and limestones— for a distance of 230 feet. It is connected with the 
 incline by a ^hort cross-cut. The »> md txtcnds from the foot of ihu 
 incline in an easterly direction for «5 fe<t. It is »ituatc«l below the 
 level of Mclntyre creek, and was tilled with water during most of 
 the season. 
 
 Other workings on the claim include a shaft or steep incline 
 05 feet in length, sunk euring the past season on a mineralized band 
 situated about 200 feet north of the main workings, and a third 
 shaft, 40 feet in depth, sunk some years ago on a separate lens out- 
 cropping 200 feet south of the main workings. 
 
 Ores. 
 
 The I'opixT King ores consist of the two copper sulphides, 
 bornite and chalcopyrite, distributed through a gangue of M.condary 
 minerals, consisting mainly of tremolite, aiigite. anil garnet. Trenio- 
 lite, although not the most abundant, is the most important gangue 
 mineral, as the richest concentrations occur in it. Where the gangue 
 is garnet, or augite and garnet, the copper minerals are usually 
 more r-cattcred. 
 
 The workable ores occur in irregularly shaped lenses, usually 
 resting on unaltered limestone, and in some instances enclosed in 
 limestone. 
 
 The important lens openetl up at the main workings has de- 
 
wiiiTnioR«E roppMi nri.T 
 
 4!> 
 
 Vplopp<l in •UiT«l liiiii'-ton.' n.ar tho granito c.ntnrt. nn.l .ii|T4 
 t.iwur.l thi' rontuii nt an anttlo of about 46\ It Imn »>c.n ! )ll..wfil 
 continuously alonjr ihf <lip f-r a .Jiatanop of i;»0 fwt. ant to a 
 vertiral ilipth of l»l f..t. Thf or.' abov.- thr .Irift, at th<' liS foot 
 level, has Jioeii in.wtl.v !<topo<l out, leaving nn irr.Rular chanilMT fr.tn 
 15 to 30 foit in lingth. un<l from a few iuchi>!«. to 10 feet in lUpth. 
 ninrkinjc tlie . i.a|ic of the oriKinal ore l>o<ly. Ore continues to the 
 foot of the ineline, nnil a narrow ban.l of ri<h ore, resting on n nearly 
 Hat limestone f.«)t-wall, i» aUo cut in the drift ut tlie 1)1 foot level. 
 Till' <leveliii>ment work earrieil on iluring the past season. 
 con^isfe<l principally in sinking a »to. p incline, to ii depth of •'.,'» feet, 
 on n wide garnctdimestone band, coloured with cop|>t r iurlH.nnt<s, 
 situatetl north of tlw main ore Ixnly, and .separated from it by a 
 barren zone. The shaft followed a i^njoll lens of rich bornitc ore for 
 tiic first 20 feet, then pinetrated alterwl rocks, containing only 
 scattered bunchen of ore. Short drifts from the foot of the shaft 
 fuiUsI to diMov.r a workable ore body. Further drifting is require«l 
 to thorougidy explore the niineraliztd band. 
 
 fMher croppings occur at several points towards the southern 
 port of the claim. 
 
 Shipments of high graile copper ores, )tallinK alwit 500 tons, 
 have btH'n made at various times from the Cot>l>or King, in addition 
 to the corKiidcrablc tonnngi' obtained during the operations of the 
 past season. The ores ship|H^l, are stated to have averJifi d over 15% 
 copper, and contninetl besides from $i to $.T in gold and silver. 
 
 Analyses nf Copp«>r King shipping ores, furnisiicd by the 
 management : — 
 
 Au Ag Cu Si CaO F« 
 
 0025 oz. Snoz. 2J^J%- -.i.iiir^ 500% Cssro 
 
 trace lOoz. 6-21% 35 "«% 25-45':c 4 55't, 
 
 
 C.\RLISLE. 
 
 T!ie mineralized limestone on the Copper King is traceable east- 
 wards int the Carlisle, and an outerop of copper stained rocks in 
 the northeastern part of this claim has lieen opened up, with satis- 
 factn'y results. 
 
 The workings consist of a shaft 50 feet deep, contin>ie<l down- 
 wards by an incline 87 feet in length. At th*- 50 foot level a short 
 CS6I— t 
 
^.0 
 
 flKOI.rMMCAI. Sl'RVKY 
 
 fr(is--cut. 12 foot in liiiRtli, to tho nortli, oneouiitcrcd a small lens 
 of rii'li ore. This has been drifted for n distanee of about 50 feet, 
 and no tons of ore, reported to average 22^ copper, have been stoped 
 out. 
 
 The ore is principnlly bornite, with some olialeopyrite enclosed 
 in a tromolitc gangue. The lens, as usual, rests on unaltered lime- 
 stone, and is overlaid by limestone altered mostly into gnmet and 
 augitc. 
 
 The Carlisle is owned by the Yukon Tueblo Mines Company. It 
 was idle during the past season. 
 
 THE ANACONDA. 
 
 This claim is situated west of Porter creek, near the northern 
 end of the copper belt. The principal development work consists of 
 a long tunnel, driven westerly from the bottom of Porter Creek 
 valley into the centre of a band of copper stained limestone which 
 crosses the claim. No shipping ore was encountered, and the tunnel 
 is now abandoned. During the past season the claim was under bond 
 to Col. Thomas, of Pittsburgh, and a small amount of development 
 work, priiu-ipally stripping and trenching, was done. 
 
 Geology. 
 
 The Anaconda is situated along the eastern side of the niaii. 
 granite belt, and is underlaid largely by granite of the usual 
 character. Limestone outcrops along the northeastern portion of 
 the claim, and a spur of limestone from the main mass, 200 to 600 
 feet in width, crosses the claim in a diagonal direction. South of 
 tlio limestone spur several small inclusions of lime occur in the 
 granite. 
 
 The liniestonc is coarsely cr.vstalliue, and in places is irregularly 
 mineralized, chiefly with garnet, augite, tremolite. and epidote, 
 usually assoi luted with more or less bornite and ehalcopyrite, and 
 carbonates derived from them. Tho principal mineral development 
 takes place, as a rule, some distance away from the granite, and not 
 at the immediate contact. 
 
 The limestone dips steeply towards the granite, and the bedding 
 seems to have exerted an important influence on the mineralization. 
 Certain beds are largely replaced by garnet, while others alternating 
 with them have been converted into tremolite, augite, and the copper 
 sulphides, and others again have not been affected, or only slightly. 
 
WIIITKHOKSE COPPF.n lui/r 
 
 51 
 
 The bands rcpUiceil by tivinolite are usually rich in copper minerals, 
 and constitute the ores, while the garnet bands are only occasionally 
 productive. 
 
 Ores. 
 Croppinps of copper minerals occur at a dozen or more points on 
 the Anaconda claim, but have only been opened \ip by shallow pits 
 and trenches, and practically nothing is known of their behavioiir 
 in depth. A promising ore body, situated in the limestone, about 
 50 feet from the granite contact, was uncovered by trenching at a 
 couple of points during tlie past season. The following section, 
 measiired along one of the trenches, illustrates the irregular manner 
 in which the limestone is mineralized. 
 
 1^1 1 ill 3 
 
 * 
 
 ^::| 
 
 ^ 
 
 I 
 
 s 
 
 I 
 
 Stir^f 
 
 K 
 
 SCOnON SMOWINB ALTERNATINB BANDS OF QUE, UmCSTONC AND eA~-<CT 
 
 Scmlf90fect to / inch 
 
 Fig. 2. 
 The principal ore body has n width of 12 feet, an<l is overlaid by 
 limestone, and underlaid by a gabbro-iH)rpliyrite dike. It consists 
 mainly of tremolite, with subordinate quantities of augitc and garnet, 
 all carrying more or less bornite, chalcopyrite, and copper carbonates. 
 Two small ore bodies, each about 3 feet in width, alternating with 
 garnet and lime, parallel the main deposit, on the south. Other 
 openings to the north and south, along the strike, show that the 
 main lens carries its width for a distance of about 100 feet, and 
 then narrows down. A shaft smik on the lens to a depth of 30 feet, 
 followed ore to the bottom. 
 
 Other lenses in the limestone, of more or less promise, have been 
 trenched across, southwest of the one described, and one also occirs 
 at several points in the bordering granite. The character of the 
 (Toppings fidly warrants further development work. 
 6361—41 
 
S2 
 
 GEOLOOICAI, SURVEY 
 
 THE RABBIT-rOOT. 
 
 This claim adjoins the Anaconda, on the southwest. It was 
 staked July 7, 1899. by Ole Dickson, but has only been slightly 
 developed. 
 
 The Rabbit's Foot is underlaid mostly by granite, holding occas- 
 ional fragments of limestone. The principal croppings occur in a 
 narrow limestone band enclosed in granite, which crosses into the 
 claim from the Anaconda. Two short overlapping lenses of bornite 
 ore, each from 3 to 7 feet in width, have been developed in the lime- 
 stone. The bornite is sprinkled through an assemblage of secondary 
 minerals, mostly tremolite, garnet, and augite. The granites border- 
 ing the limestones on the north are also altered in places into solid 
 ridges of garnet. 
 
 The workings in the Rabbit-foot consist of two shallow shafts 
 aboiit 90 feet apart. 
 
 THE WAR EAGLE. 
 
 This claim is situated about one and one-half miles north of the 
 Pueblo, and is the most northerly claim being developed on the 
 western side of the granite belt. It was staked July 16, 1899, by 
 S. McGee, but no serious development work was undertaken until 
 the claim came into the possession of the present holders, Messrs. 
 Caldwell, Poyntz, Lucas, and Kesler, in 1907. 
 
 Geology. 
 
 The region in the vicinity of the War Eagle c'. Im is mostly 
 drift covered, and rock exposures are infrequent. The few seen, 
 show that the eastern part of the claim is underlaid by granite, and 
 the western part mostly by porphyrite. holding included fragments 
 of limestone. The latter are altered, and partially mineralized along 
 the granite contact, over an area fully 250 feet in width and 1,000 
 feet in length. The prominent secondary minerals in the altered 
 area are garnet, tremolite, augite, and epidote, associated in places 
 with bornite, chalcopyrite, and occasionally magnetite and molyb- 
 denite. 
 
 Ores. 
 
 The ore body at present being developed is situated close to 
 the granite, and consists of an irregularly shaped mineralized area, 
 mostly ahcrt-d limestone, measuring 65 feet acro«. made up of 
 
WIIITEI1.>RSE COVPKR IIKI.T 
 
 53 
 
 altprnatjnsr bands of troniolite and garnet, and a fine grainwl grey 
 and dark feldspar-augitc rook. The trctnolitc bands carry bomitc 
 and chalcopyrite in grains, small masses, and bundles, and con- 
 stitute the principal ores. Copper minerals also occur in both the 
 garnet and greyish a\igitic bands, but the p«'rcentage is lower than 
 in the tremolite. A general sample taken along an open-cut crossing 
 the lode, 45 feet in length, average<l 2-71 per cent copper. The 
 values in gold and silver are small. 
 
 The croppiugs are situated on the summit of a slight incline, 
 and the ore body is worked at present from a drift, which cuts the 
 ore Ixxly at a depth of 23 feet. The drift pierces granite, all more or 
 less altered for the first 76 feet, and at the time of my examination 
 had been continue<l through the ore body for a distance of 4-i feet. 
 The section along the drift showed two tremolite-garnet bands, one 
 14 feet, and the other 10 feet in width, well mineralize<l with bornite 
 and chalcopyrite, separate<l by 20 feet of lower grade material. 
 
 In addition to the large and important ore body now being pros- 
 pected on the War Eagle, a number of smaller shoivings occur at 
 various points in the area of metamorphic rocks bordering the 
 granites, some of which appear worth investigating. 
 
 REGION NOUTIl OF TlIK WAR E.^GI.E. 
 
 No important mineral discoveries have so far bitii made north 
 of the War Eagle, on the western side of the granite belt, and north 
 of the Anaconda on the eastern side; although it has been solidly 
 staked for several miles. This is largely due to the fact that, the 
 drift covering becomes more general, and rock exposures are seldom 
 seen. Also, while the granite continues northward, it is bordered 
 mostly by jK-rphyrites, which do not yield readily to mineralization, 
 and limestone, the usual ore bearing rock, only occurs as an occas- 
 ional inclusion in the porphyrite. 
 
 Discoveries of workable ore deposits in this portion of the 
 copper belt are, therefore, unlikely, except at the few TX)ints, mostly 
 drift covered, where the limestone inclusions touch the granite. 
 
 CLAIMS IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE DISTRICT. 
 THE VALERIE. 
 
 This is the only claim in the southern part of the copjK'r belt 
 on which any considerable amount of development work has been 
 done. It is situated west of the head of :Miles canyon, and about 
 
-,4 " OF.OI.Or.lCAI- SURVEY 
 
 three miles south of the Arctic Chief. A waRon road, two and one- 
 half miles in length, to Wigan station, on the \Vhite Pass railway, 
 WHS under construction during the season. The Valerie was staked 
 August 22, 1890, hy Gustave Gervais. The early development work 
 consisted in sinking shallow shafts on the principal ore outcrops. 
 From these 40 tons of high grade ehalcopyrite ore were shipped, 
 in 1904. Development work was resumed, in 1907, by Jlr. A. B. 
 Palmer, of Whitehorse, the present owner, and important discoveries 
 of ore have since been made. 
 
 Geology. 
 The western portion of the Valerie is underlaid by limestone, 
 and the eastern iwrtion by hornblende granite, passing in places 
 into a diorite, and it is along the ragged contact between these 
 rocks that the ore bodies, as usual, have developed. The limestone 
 is er>-stalline, and at various points along the contact is partially 
 replaced by augite, garnet, ehalcopyrite, magnetite, etc. The grano- 
 diorites have also been mineralized, principally with garnet and 
 epidote, for varying distances back from the contact, but otherwise, 
 present no special features. 
 
 Development. 
 The workings consist of a shaft, or steep incline, 92 feet in 
 length, affording a .lepth of 84 feet. From the foot of the shaft 
 exploratory drifts, totalling f .;^ feet in length, have been run in 
 various directions, pauly in ore and partly in more or less altered 
 lime and diorite. Besides the main shaft, two other shafts, each 
 about 20 feet in depth, have been sunk on promising outcrops of ore, 
 and some stripping has been done. 
 
 Ore Body and Ores. 
 Copper minerals in some q\iantity are seldom absent from the 
 exposed portion of the liur-grano-diorite altered contact zone on 
 the Valerie. They are irregularly distributed, rich areas alternating 
 with comparatively lean stretches. The upper part of the present 
 working shaft is sunk in an outcrop of ehalcopyrite ore, 10 to 15 
 feet in width. At a depth of 25 feet, the ore ceased, and the shaft 
 was continued through barren rock, mostly altered diorite, down to 
 the present 84 foot level. Short drifts to the north and northeast, 
 from the foot of the shaft, soon entered ore, and further exploratory 
 work outlined a shoot of rich ore, approximately 50 feet in length. 
 
WIHTKUOUSI: COl'l'Kk UEl-T 
 
 55 
 
 with a maximum width of IT fttt. An outcrop ol ore on the surface, 
 ahout 50 feet northwest of tlie shaft, probably i .presents the upwur,! 
 extension of this shoot. Three lenses, containing shipping ore. o<'.Mir 
 on the surface, while only one has so far been found in depth. It is 
 probable that others will be discovered, when the present short drifts 
 are extended farther along the limestone contact. 
 
 The ore shoot penetrated in the lower workings of the Valerie, 
 is borderc<l on the south by a wide zone of altered and unaltered 
 limestone, and altered diurite, impregnated with arsenical pyrit.'S 
 in grains and buii.'hes, asswiated with small quantities of chaleo- 
 pyritc. The values in this belt are small, as the copper percentage 
 is low, and assays show only traces of gold and silver. 
 
 The Valerie ores resemble those of the Pueblo, in consisting 
 entirely of ehalcopyrite, and derivative minerals. Accompanying 
 these are mispickel, magnetite, augite, garnet, and calcspar. No 
 bornite has been found. The ehalcopyrite aggregates are larger than 
 usual, and occasionally form solid bunches, several inches across. 
 
 The derived minerals, mostly malachite, nzurito, cu|)rit.s and 
 native copper, are fairly abundant, down to the lowest depth reached. 
 No shipments have been made from the Valerie since 1904, when 
 40 tons of selected ore, obtained from the surface workings, were 
 sent to the smelter. This ore is stated to have averaged 18 <;'o copper, 
 and over $5 in gold per ton. 
 
 A considerable quantity of high grade ore was obtained from the 
 exploratory ilrifts run during the season. 
 
 The equipment at the mines consists of a 20 h.p. boiler; -a 8 
 h.p. hoist; and a No. 5 Cameron sinking pump. 
 
 LITTLE ClllKF. 
 
 This claim is situated a short distance north of the Valerie. It 
 contains an important surface showing of cupriferous magnetite. 
 Practically no work has been done on it, although it was one of the 
 first claims staked = the camp. It was located September 15, lSt»>*, 
 by Andrew Oleson, 1 in 1899, was sold to Josia Collins, the present 
 
 owner. 
 
 Oeology. 
 
 The Little Chief claim is underlaid over most of its area by 
 hornblende granite. A band of limestone, a tongue from the main 
 area, enters it from the north, and crosses the claim nearly parallel 
 to the northwestern boundary. The limestone band has a width of 
 
50 
 
 <iKOLOr.ICAL 81RVET 
 
 from 100 to 400 feet. It is highly erygtallinc, ond is fillctl in places 
 with wrondnry minpra1»>, principnlly brown and yellow garnets, and 
 frrccn Hctinolite, with nunie pyroxene and pink wapolite. The granite 
 bordering the limestone is also well mineralised, over an exception- 
 ally large area, mostly with brown garnets an<l green epidote, often 
 assoeiated with magnetite, quartz, and ealcite. 
 
 Ore Body and Ores. 
 
 The principal showing on the Little Chief is situated 400 feet 
 southeast of No. 1 post. At this point a nearly solid magnetite 
 mass, over KK) feet long, and fully 50 feet in width, outcrops at the 
 surface. The magnetite has developed in limestone along the granite 
 contact. A dike from the latter is traceable part way across it, and 
 is also partially altered to magnetite. 
 
 The magnetite is loose and broken at the surface, and is stained 
 everywhere with copper carbonates, mostly derived from chalcopyrite. 
 Sernentine, ealcite, and garnet, are also associated with it. 
 
 A numlier of smaller lenses of magnetite, some of them over 
 20 feet across, occur on the same claim, both in the limestone and 
 the altered granite. 
 
 The Little Chief claim is not being v.orked at present. The 
 development work is represented by a few shallow open-cuts. The 
 grade of the ore is not known. 
 
 BIR CHIEF. 
 
 This claim adjoins the Little Chief claim on the north. It was 
 staked September 15, 1898, by Wm. McTaggart, and is now owned by 
 Josia Collins. 
 
 Geology. 
 
 Heavily bedded crystalline limestones, dipping steeply to the 
 east, outcrop over a large part of the area of the Big Chief claim. 
 A granite spur from the south cuts the limestones west of the centre 
 line. Hornblende granites of the usual character outcrop along the 
 eastern portion of the claim. Towards the north the limestones are 
 intrude*! and replaced by an irregularly shaped area of hornblende 
 pori)hyrite older than the granite. 
 
 Ores. 
 The ore bodies on the Big Chief consist of a number of copper 
 bearing magnetite lenses, all situated in the limestones close to the 
 
wiiiTEHonsK rorPKK itn.T 
 
 57 
 
 granitf <-..ntn.t. The UvfcvA li-iis set-n, oot-urs ii.ar the oentro lii.o. 
 al«.ut 5(H» feet from tl.r soutlurn boumlary. Mniniftitc repl.u-iiiK 
 linu-stone f-i.ti-n-i.^ hen-, ov.r an area -M fift by 50 feet. The h..le 
 ir. probably eoiiKiderably larK.r, as it U partiully eon<eah-.l. The 
 majriKtite is heavily eopinr >^tHiii.'il, aii<l ir< a:*so<-i«te<l with s ■rix n- 
 
 tiiie. loarM- a4.("tos. elinoehlore, netinolite. an.l other s«>eoii.lnry 
 iniii.riils. Two other smaller hhowiii(r« similar in eharacter ooeiir. 
 one -^W iift. an.l the other ntKI feet il. a westerly tlireetion. A secon.l 
 
 proiip of niii»fnetite lenses otiterop* near the southern lioundary of 
 
 the elaim, elosc to the Xo. 1 post. 
 
 The eopper contents of the magnetite lenst>s on the Big Chief 
 
 are er.nsi.lerablc, but the avernjre tenor is not known. No shipments 
 
 have bi-en made. 
 
 The claim has not been worked for some years, and the early 
 
 development work consists only of a short tunnel. 20 feet in len(rth, 
 
 and a few shallow pits and trenches. 
 
 TIIK COPPER tUPF. 
 
 This claim is situaii'd on a small stream half a mile south of 
 Hoodoo creek. It is underlaid partly by crystalline limestone and 
 partly by hornblende granite, and both formations are cut by numer- 
 ous porphyrite dikes. 
 
 The principal showing on the claim occurs at the northern eon- 
 tact of a small area of limestone with granite, and has been opened 
 up by a short tunnel. The ore body is cut across, and partially 
 destroyed by a large porphyrite dike. The section along the tunnel 
 shows three bands of ore, each from 3 to 5 feet in width, separated 
 by dike rock. The ores consist of bornite, an.l ehalcopyrite, with 
 garnet as the principal gangue mineral. Magii«tite, tremolite, and 
 various other secondary minerals are also present. 
 
 The value of the Copper Cliff ore body depends largely on the 
 relative dips of the dike and the lode, and this could not be deter- 
 mined in the present limited workings. 
 
 THE NORTH STAR, KEEWESAW". ETC. 
 
 This claim is situated about a mile south of the Vak . i>.:.' 
 the extremity of a deep embayment of limestone in the ma ■■ yraiHf ' 
 area. The workings consist of two pits, about -200 feet apan. <"'a 
 about 10 feet deep. One of these is sunk in an ore body about C 
 feet in width, consisting mostly of magnetite and ealcite, flecked 
 through with grains of ehalcopyrite and bornite, and enclosing oecas- 
 
58 
 
 aEOI.O<iICAI, SIRVKY 
 
 ionnl masses o{ chulcopyritc, some of them 12 inches in diameter. 
 The gangue minerals present include garnet, augite, tremolite, 
 opidote. serpentine, and clinochlore. The second pit shows a copper 
 stained magnetite lens, 3 to 4 feet in width, dipping towards the 
 granite. 
 
 The showings occur along the lime-granite contact, and hoth 
 rotka arc altered and mineralized over a considerable area. The 
 limestones are coarsely crystalline, and are dotted in places with 
 small magn.tite lenses, often only an inch or two in length. The 
 grunitis, for sonic distance south of the croppings, are heavily 
 garnetizcd. 
 
 In addition to the claims described, the Buckingham, the Hoodoo, 
 the Jo Jo, the Yukon Belle, the Josephine, and others distributed 
 along the copper belt, between the Valerie and the Copper Cliff, 
 contain ore out-croppings of more or less promise. The development 
 work is limited to a few shallow test pits and trenches. 
 
 No discoveries of importance have so far been made from the 
 Copper Cliff south eastward to the Keewenr* claim, east of Wolf 
 creek, a distance of nearly three miles. The region between these two 
 eininis is underlaid by granites, porphyrites, and basalts, and lime- 
 stone, the usual ore bearing formation, is absent. 
 
 On the Keewenaw the granite is again associated with lime- 
 stones, and both rocks are altered and mineralized in places. Copper 
 stained rocks outcrop at several points on the claim, both in the 
 granite at some distance from the contact, and along the contact, and 
 have been opene,l up by surface cuts and < hallow shafts. Bornite 
 occurs at several of the openings. 
 
 From the Keewenaw cast to the Black and Brown Cubs, at the 
 extreme southeasU'rn on.l of the copper belt, the country is heavily 
 drift covered, and rock exT>osures, except in the valley banks, are 
 seldom seen. A few prospects occur in this "tretch. 
 
 In the vicinity of the Black and Brown Cub claims the drift 
 covering becomes loss continuous, and the und.-rlying rocks are 
 occasionally seen. They consist of granitos luid limestones, both 
 of which are altered and mineralized in tlie usual manner, along the 
 contact. The altered garnet ized zon.- !ias a width of fully 300 feet, 
 and is heavily copper stained at a numUor of points. 
 
 The (I \' jpment work on the claims consists of some stripping, 
 and two sh " , one C2 feet in depth. The latter is sunk through a 
 garnet-augite- remolite rock, carrying some rich bornite ore. 
 
INDEX 
 
 I'AliE. 
 
 . .. ... 21, 26. 3». 32 
 
 Actinolite .v, 
 
 Aluminn ij Jj 
 
 Amphibole.. • • „■ V? ' og" '30 ' 32.' 50 
 
 Annconda clBiin •• - -'• -'■ - • • ^.' ^^ 
 
 Annl)'"** "' •"■'''* '13 
 
 Ande^ine oj 31 
 
 Andradito ' ' '>8 
 
 Antimony minerals ^^^ 
 
 K cki;i d.;m.v ;; .:" .:".:'.:'..'. .1; ii^. 21. 22. '^:^.^:'^^y^:^'. ^. ^ 
 
 Ariieuical pyrites jg 
 
 Arsenic mineruU j2 
 
 A:!^?^"•;;:;:/:/:/:/^ v.8in; ". H/«.>-:2i^2^ ^;. 25;^:-27;^ 
 
 Azurite " ' 
 
 B. 
 
 „ ,, 8, 17, 20 
 
 Basalt . I* 12 
 
 Batholith.. .... • y,;- jj 2Js,'28, 27, 28, 29, 40 
 
 Best Chance claim i, ., .i, — , -.j. -». . ^. ^^ ^ 
 
 Big Chief claim 11 ' 13,' 16 
 
 Biotite 30 'iS 
 
 Black Cub claim il m" 24. '26."27","28,"30 
 
 Bornite U 
 
 Bostonites ' g ,g 
 
 Boulder clays j' ^ 
 
 British America Corporation ^^ 
 
 Brown Cub claim "jg 
 
 Buckingham claim 
 
 C. 
 
 ,,..;.„ 9. 16, 21, 22, 30, 31 
 
 Calcite.. .. • 27 
 
 Calcspar • ,« 
 
 Caldwell, Poyntz, Lucas and Kesler ^ 
 
 Cancrinite.. 3 j2 
 
 Canyon mountain g 
 
 Carboniferous formation ^g 
 
 Carlisle claim 2l' 24 28 
 
 Chalcocite.. is "21 ' 22, 24, :i5,'i«,"27,' 29, 30, 31 
 
 Chalcopynte 1". ^^ ^^- ^* f^- • ,3 3, .^ 
 
 Chlorite "il 28 32 
 
 ChrysocoUa " ' ' ' 24 
 
 Classification of ores ^ 
 
 ^}!'"''f,- • .■; .■.■.■.■.'.'.".'.... .'21.22.30, 32 
 
 Clinochlore 55 56 
 
 Collins, Josia jj 
 
 Copper Clifl claim • V 22 "« "sT^os'si 46 
 
 Copper King claim »• 2. 22. a». £1. ■». »«. « 
 
 59 
 
r,0 flEOI.<HiUAL SIRVKV 
 
 Pm». 
 
 ('•rlximitu oo <>fl 
 
 "'•""'; .■.■;.:.:.":.2o.sVW.!Kr;i» 
 
 Miii»r-ttl« ' q-i 
 
 IVi<vi><.it(<' •» »ilic«>u« orw 21 '•4 27 
 
 Sulphidvi " ' 37 
 
 Cfiivi-tt* group j- 
 
 Cintfr Ink* «• og 
 
 (.'upiite ' "" 
 
 D. 
 
 I)e«criptii>ii of principal iiiinM Bntl proxp^cts j^^ 
 
 Dirkxon. Olc g 14 15 
 
 DioriteN J 
 
 Drit'tiiiK, rust of jl jj 
 
 Dikt-M 
 
 18 
 
 Ear lake 20 
 
 Jkmoniic K«^>loKy 17 4* 13 
 
 Empr«H of Imiia claim - jg Vj.ijIjjBVso', 3l'. If 
 
 Epidute 
 
 r. 
 
 ,. ,. „„, 11. 13. 14. IS, 16. 30 
 
 Jwdspnr ,. 
 
 Fi«h l»k», possible source of power '^ 
 
 Forests 
 
 _ , . * »«, IS 
 
 Oabbroi „j .y* ?» 
 
 ?"'""■ ■. '.'. '.'.21. 23. 26. 27. 3o". 31, 32 
 
 Uarnet ' • j, 
 
 QervBis, Uu"tave ^ y^ 
 
 ouciai deposits '..'su'k'.'ia.' n' » 
 
 Gold gy 
 
 Golden G»te claim.. I'a'in' ii 'n' i: 18 
 
 ^^t^rS """"!"'"". •:.■:.'.• :: :..:■.: ny^XieMii.:^^^ 
 
 Grafter smelter returns 
 
 Grainger (Mt.). See Mount Grainger. ^ ^. ^^ 
 
 Granites ' .^ 
 
 Grono-diorites 
 
 H. 
 
 Htte<kel (Mt.). Src Mount Haetkel. 
 
 Hanlv. .John, Ora claim staked by ' 
 
 HauKhton. Mr.. Report on specimens by.. .. ••-,•,.;• ^ ■^■^-x. 31 
 
 Henintite »«. . . — . . ^ 
 
 Histor.v of belt jg 
 
 Hoodoo claim ! :4."8."l0.' I'l. i5.'i7;'l8. 30 
 
 H.KHloo cr.ek »■ , „ ,5 
 
 Hornblende 
 
 *■ 13.18 
 
 Ilmeuite - jj jj jg 
 
 Irnn-magnesia minerals „ 
 
 Iron in magnetic and siliceous ores ^ 
 
 Iron minerals ";, 
 
 Iron ore at Whitehorse 2j 
 
 Iron sulphides ^ 
 
 Irving, Capt. John 
 
WIIITKHOH-'K. «ol«rKR UKIT ^^ 
 
 I'«»lt. 
 
 '• Mi 
 
 Jo Jo claim ■_"_ "_"',.". 5» 
 
 Jowphim claim 
 
 «• IT 
 
 Kaolin .■.' .' "» 
 
 Knskawnl-h glacier 25.57 
 
 K'Kvwi'iinw claim " '_' 1!> 
 
 Kliiaiie I^k" 
 
 *^ U. I(i 
 
 T.ahrtt«lorite '' it* 
 
 Lead minerals 4, 6, 8, IT 
 
 Uwes Kiver ' ".'. X 8, 12. I». >». '-■•' 
 
 Leaei Kiver valley 23 
 
 Lime .V.'g.lO.ii.'l*. 20. 22. M. 23. 29. M. 11 
 
 Limestone" ju, .»i 
 
 Limoiiite .. ..1,22.25.28.29." 
 
 Little Chief claim S» 
 
 Lowe, Robert 
 
 McGee. S '..'...' '• -• •" 
 
 Melntvre ami OranRer .. ..♦. 13. IT. 37. t2. W 
 
 Mclntyre creek.. .. ■• •■•• •••.;•.;■ ..' *• ♦* 
 
 Mclutyre. Jack. Kir.t claim ^.W by 
 
 Mcliityre (Mt.). Set Mount Mclntyre. ^0 
 
 McKinnon. Angus.. .... ;•■•." ^t-tea'bT '•*? 
 
 McTttggart, Wm.. Big Chief claim staked oy ^ 
 
 Machinery, little installed 23 
 
 Magnesia ,"." jj '{t"n\'2\, 22, 23, 24, 26. 28, 29, 31 
 
 Magnetite | 27 
 
 Malachite '.'.'.'.'.'.. ^' 
 
 Melaconite ' 8 
 
 Mesor-oic formation.. 
 
 Metallic copper. See Copper. ,., ,„ 
 
 Mica ,•• •• ; '. 2S 
 
 Mineialination of rocks, ih«.ry ol. „, 
 
 MineraK principal, of the district 3., 
 
 Mines, description of '"^ "^ fi 
 
 Mining conditi ■ 7 
 
 Mining expenses 22,24.29 
 
 Mispickel 21, 2», 20 
 
 Molybdenite • '; ' 29 
 
 Molybdenum minerals ..(foot notp) » 
 
 Mount Grainger 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 
 
 Mount Haeckel 4. 6, 9. 12. IH 
 
 Mount Mclntyre • ■ • • " ' 17,32 
 
 Muscovite 
 
 IT. 
 
 Native copper. See Coppor, metallic. ,„ 
 
 Non-metallic minerals 57 
 
 North Star claim 
 
 O. 
 Oleson. Andrew. Little Chief claim staked ^^- ■■■■••■ .V W tJ; u 
 
 Oligoclase ..'.'.' ^ 
 
 Ora claim, 
 
r.2 
 
 <iKOI,0«ll('AI. HIRVKY 
 
 pMi. 
 
 ()ro-b»nritiK formation" •* 
 
 Ore IxHlieR ?• 
 
 Oik ilx'n^itH, BrnernI chcirnrtiTistics of •" 
 
 orth.,,i,.se ». 13. ". i: 
 
 t.>\i(liitiiiii.. 
 
 24 
 
 I'niiiivr, A. n. 
 
 M 
 
 l'Ia«..K.|...e ». »». ". ». " 
 
 rit-iRtortii* formation ' 
 
 I'lutiiiiio rcirl,« _ 
 
 IVriiliriilr 8, 9. Ik, II. IS. U, 15, 20. 29. 31 
 
 l'..rt«r . re*k 4. «. H. 22. «. 45, 4S, Ml 
 
 44 
 
 I'orter, H. i; 
 
 I'i'pciouit inrtsl cniittiit'.. 
 I'r«iipe<'t!i. dMcriptinn of. 
 
 n 
 
 Xi 
 
 .16, 21, 24. 29. 31 
 
 »'y'«« ,. -, 
 
 I'vroxene '*• •" 
 
 Pyrihotit* «. «. 2». «•• » 
 
 I'uikett. W. A.. Anaconda claim staked by 1 
 
 Piirbl.. claim 1. 2. 29. 21, 22. •J-^. 20, 27. ih. 3II. .12, 14 
 
 I'ueblo iroelter return* ** 
 
 Quartz 11. 13. 1'. 16. 17. 21. 27. 30 
 
 Rabbits Foot claim *•• *' 
 
 Retribution claim *' 
 
 Rocks, general statement of ' 
 
 Rabbit-foot claim.. . 30 
 
 Serpentine 21. 22. SO. 
 
 Siliceous ores 
 Silts 
 
 23. 
 
 Silver.. 21,22.23. 
 
 Sinking, cost of 
 
 Situation and communication 
 
 Slims river 
 
 Smart, Robert, assays by 
 
 Smelter charges 
 
 Sphalerite 21.22. 
 
 Spheue 
 
 SprinK (^reek claim 20, 27, 
 
 St.bnite 21. 24. 
 
 Striie 
 
 Suburban claim 
 
 Sulphur 
 
 Supplies, cost of 
 
 Syenites 
 
 3 
 19 
 23 
 
 28 
 13 
 43 
 
 28 
 18 
 37 
 23 
 
 8.14 
 
 T. 
 
 Tukhiui river * 
 
 Tertiary formation * 
 
 Tttrafacdrito 21,21.2.! 
 
 Thomas. Col ♦7.50 
 
will lllloli-l "oriMi; llKl.T ^^ 
 
 r»at. 
 
 * 
 
 Timber for iiuniiiB purpo**" ^ 3 
 
 TinmgraphT j g 
 
 TroiKportntion rharges Jl WU 27, 31 
 
 Tr*mnlite 
 
 ▼. 
 
 1 ■» 22 S3 27. '."•. 29, M 
 
 Voriiiia claim 
 
 W. 
 
 Water r"'*'*'" ' 35 
 
 Weriieri't' 2<l 
 
 WVt^rn Mineral rl;' m ^ 
 
 Whil«-lior'ie rlaim ^ 
 
 \Vhi««liorst. copper Ijelt defined.. ' 
 
 Whit-liiir-.p Copiiei- Coinpniiy 
 
 Whltrhor»e — „ 
 
 Distributing point for ilintrict • 
 
 Transportation charged to and from ^, - 
 
 Whiti' PnsH rnilnay " ', 
 
 White l'a« Itailway spur V ia'in 1- 
 
 V.M .r..- ♦■ *■ "■ '"■ \L 
 
 \V.,.<i,iey. Wni *" 
 
 Y. 
 
 58 
 1'ukin Uelle claim ,, „ 
 
 Uik.iii Pueblo Mining Company '• 
 
 M. 
 
 , 2t,28 
 
 Zinc minirals 13 17 31 
 
 Koisite " 
 
1^ 
 
 CANADA 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF MINKS 
 
 OBOIX>OICAL. SL'ltVBV BRA%CH 
 
 UoM. W. Tmpi.icmaii, Minirtib; k. P. liOw, LL.D., DwUTi MmiKTiRj 
 B. W. Rrook, Diskotob. 
 
 SELECTED LIST OF REPORTS AND MAPS 
 
 (SINCE 1885) 
 OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC INTEREST 
 
 rTTBLnaiD bt 
 THB OEOLOOIOAIi SURVEY BRANCH 
 
 Report* of the Minen Section— 
 
 No. 24B. 
 
 Report of MineH Ht 
 
 •ctio 
 
 nforlS8<;. .No. nr,2. Re 
 
 port 
 
 of Mineti 
 
 Section 
 
 or 1897. 
 
 272 
 
 ,, 
 
 „ 
 
 1887. tilW 
 
 ,t 
 
 
 M 
 
 189S. 
 
 300 
 
 „ 
 
 <i 
 
 18X8. 718 
 
 ,, 
 
 
 
 1899. 
 
 301 
 
 „ 
 
 
 1S89. 744 
 
 „ 
 
 
 
 IINH) 
 
 334 
 
 ,, 
 
 
 1890, 800 
 
 
 
 
 l!*il. 
 
 335 
 
 „ 
 
 ,, 
 
 IS'll. 8.15 
 
 
 
 
 191 "2. 
 
 3t!0 
 
 „ 
 
 „ 
 
 1892. H!i:t 
 
 „ 
 
 
 
 1903 
 
 572 
 
 „ 
 
 ,, 
 
 18934. '.128 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 1904 
 
 603 
 
 „ 
 
 „ 
 
 1895 971 
 
 ,. 
 
 
 
 1905 
 
 62B 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 18!)6. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Minrral Production of Canar 
 
 a- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. 414. 
 
 For 1K86. 
 
 No. 
 
 422. For iX'M. 
 
 No. 
 
 719. 
 
 K 
 
 >r 190O. 
 
 
 415 
 
 M 1887. 
 
 
 6.V) .. l.si'4. 
 
 
 719i» 
 
 
 . 1901. 
 
 
 41ti 
 
 ., 1888. 
 
 
 .'>77 .. IW'.-.. 
 
 
 813 
 
 
 , 1!Kt2. 
 
 
 417 
 
 ,, 1889. 
 
 
 til 2 M iwii;. 
 
 
 w;i 
 
 
 . l!«i;). 
 
 
 41S 
 
 ., 18!I0. 
 
 
 flit .. 1S8(1 '.'G. 
 
 
 S'.Hi 
 
 
 , 1904. 
 
 
 41'J 
 
 ,, 1891. 
 
 
 i;4» .. 1897. 
 
 
 924 
 
 
 . 1905. 
 
 
 ♦20 
 
 „ iNMSgi. 
 
 
 f.71 .. 1898. 
 
 
 981 
 
 
 . I'.WB. 
 
 
 421 
 
 ., 189i 
 
 
 fhSB .. 1899. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mineral Kraouran Bulletim 
 
 -. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No.'NlH. 
 
 Platinum. 
 
 No 
 
 860. Zinc. 
 
 No 
 
 881. 
 
 Plioapliate. 
 
 
 f5l. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 
 Wi9. Mica. 
 
 
 882. 
 
 CopiKT. 
 
 
 •h54. 
 
 Aiibeate*. 
 
 
 872. Molybdenum and 
 
 
 91.T 
 
 Mineral TiprnfiiN. 
 
 8r.7. 
 
 Infiiaorial Fjirth. 
 
 
 Tunmten. 
 
 
 953. 
 
 liarytvK. 
 
 
 tm. 
 
 ManKanem'. 
 
 
 877. (irnphite. 
 
 
 984. 
 
 Mineral l*i 
 
 ^riidita 
 
 »b\t. 
 
 Salt. 
 
 
 880. P.»t. 
 
 
 
 iKn-tuii) 
 
 
 Rpjiorti of the Section ol Cheniintry and Mineraloffy— 
 
 
 
 
 
 N...*1(I2. 
 
 For 1874-5. 
 
 No 
 
 1B9. For 188-.>-:t.4. 
 
 N(» 
 
 ;mi. 
 
 Km l>-n4. 
 
 
 •11(1 
 
 „ \>r;rv». 
 
 
 222 .. 188.-,. 
 
 
 t'.it; 
 
 .. ivi.-.. 
 
 
 •119 
 
 „ ls7(i-7. 
 
 
 24fi .. IS-^B- 
 
 
 •i.-ii 
 
 „ iwu:. 
 
 
 I'Jfi 
 
 .. 1S77-8. 
 
 
 273 ,. ls.s7.\ 
 
 
 (.•".■i 
 
 ,. I8'l.. 
 
 
 i;« 
 
 .. 1S7.S9. 
 
 
 •jrni .. ix"^8 9. 
 
 
 7-.'4 
 
 " l^li^i. 
 
 
 US 
 
 „ lHT!l-80. 
 
 
 3:« „ isihi 1. 
 
 
 8-.'l 
 
 .. I'.K... 
 
 
 irxj 
 
 „ 1880- 1-2. 
 
 
 a.W .. If92-3. 
 
 
 •9.">'* 
 
 
 H lumi. 
 
 
 * PulilicatiuUH marked tliua are out of ,iriat. 
 
YUKO!». 
 .,«, V„U..n .l.H..t. ..V O M.m«s,„.. ,H.T. Map, Xo„ 27. .a,- r^ n,. , in , 
 
 tM-al*' 2 m. 1 in- . .- « n nun Mun Nd 77-. !*ciile 2 ». 1 "* 
 
 •'Hrtt Windy Arm, TuRi-ti lak.-, .y K. "• 
 
 ioiC KU-::i?^Cr...:!:dlilUKravcU.3yR.G.McCuuneU. ^French,. Ma., No. loU. 
 scale 40 ch. = 1 in. ^ 
 
 BRITISH COLTTMBIA. 
 
 . 99". 
 
 ■ "'^iH, milled H,.=l in. R_^„a„ 1887. Mai» No.. 278 281. 
 
 2(j3 f'ariboo mining district, l>y A. Bowman, loo.. i 
 
 •271. Mineral w.-alth, by G, f , 'J'?'".^?- n»«,«,n 18H-9. M»P N-. »«, "»'« » "•• = 
 '294. \VV«tK.K.tenay district, by G. M. I '»*s"n- 
 
 1 in. . , ,. VI n-wmn 1H94. Miiim No». .").'>e-7, «alM 4 m. = 1 in. 
 
 •573. Ka.iil<«.l». di»tria, l.y.G. *l-,J;^**g- McConnell. 1894. Map N- ^"7, w*!- « 
 574 Kinlay and t)iiiin.ca rivn., by K- «^ MO^oonei 
 
 m. ^lin. ^. . . ,„ , r f.wdlim 1««». Map No. 742, ^cale 4 ni. = 
 
 743. Atlln I^keminfng division, by J. C.Go.U.m. i™. 
 
 1 '"• I D \V K.r,>.k Mill) No. '.Wl. SCRIp '•'*'"'•=' "^' J.. 
 
 939. K-4.ind 'ii^'"<>t- ^y R.J) ' ^^ i<Jr Map No. 921, «»le 4 ni. = 1 m., and Map 
 
 940. Graham island, by R. «• K«' 1^^- ^"' 
 
 No. 922, »eal.'I m. = l lu. , ,, y. j(„ ;i87, - al.' 4i« oh. = 1 in. 
 
 986. Siinillcam.^n district, hv t,''*"^^ ■'°^?' } ;. J;" m^j. S~.. '.«".>, .c aU- 2 m . 1 m. 
 IS: 5:l"r.;rd N;l"w;\mb'',t^d,-trl;.H, by O. I LeRoy. 19..7. Map No. ',^, 
 
 Janaimo 
 
 Bcale 4 m. = 1 in 
 
 ALBERTA. 
 
 •237 C,.iitral portion, by J. B. TynvU 1886. Map. No.. 249 and 2N». -.U^ « m.= 
 324 IV.:: and Atl.aU.-ka. River, distiict, by R. G. McConnell. 189« .- Map No. 
 
 Xili, s< ale 48 m. = 1 in. w„v,.r>v 1808 Mac No. 676, seal? 8 ni. - I in 
 
 •1g- ^:^y:^^C'^'l^i^- C ;S^-. N... 929^93., ^.e 1 m. = 
 ■J,-* M.-leM.intain district, by D.D. Cairnes. Map« No. ««.«.»« 2 «.• =1 --i >* 
 
 IKJl), Hcale 1 in. = l in. 
 
 SASKATCHBWAN. 
 213 Cypres, hill, and Wood moimUin. by R. G. MeConnell 1885. Map. No.. 226 
 
 801. ^ o""*;^,! ijiyr,. Map No. 9S7, scale 25 n^^l in. 
 
 808. Sourii. IU"« c.^1 field, by U. B. Uowling. 1902. 
 
wlint.'. 1«W. M»ii| 
 •11. 18;H. Map No. f'*" 
 
 MAMTOn.V 
 Lf.,. n..ck ^n-l ni.linj ■„..unt..i»., l.y .1. I'.. Tyr-ll. 1SS7 «. Map X... 282, .c.l. 8 
 .K»' iM..!!.'.'.i I .i",. \i-,«si/ liv \V I'l.hain. I'*'*!'. Miiiin Niw. 3U, .'l"'. -'IK- , „ 
 
 i^. wl;'^':^:;.;'!;;",;:;;. Sy !i: i«.'Tym.ii. »«« i. Ma,« n.«. aaua...! m «.i»8 
 
 704. I«ik.'' \Viiiii.'<-if iwwlsh'iie), l.y l>. H. D.'wlint.'. 1«W. Map i 
 
 Nil. liit, s ivleX III. 1 ill. ^ ^ ,, . , . »t xr > Bound togetl.. 
 
 7.0. Uk.-\V,m.i|..%'(«w.f»l...r.i, l.y.T. B.Tyrr.-ll. -"■' "-v.. f '^ 
 
 lilM, »imI«8 lu. = 1 111. 
 
 NOKTH WKST TKRRITOKIES. 
 
 •.17. IIml*.n i,.iy anl .trait, by R IVIl. 1HS5. .M:.p Nc 229, icttl^ 4 m. =1 in. 
 
 •£{". Hiiil-'ii h:iv. •imtli ..'. l.y A. 1' I/.w. DO^d- 
 
 ";)■." \lMw.iiH»k»t :ir.'l Mlimiv riv.r-. l.y R. IMl. 1HH6. „ ., ^- ,-e i 
 
 'm. :V.rtr;.r;, ,K,ili,.n ,.f H... DciMimon, l.v (J. M. lMwK..n. i^>. ."lap .\... •-•.«. «c»l« 
 
 iO'i m. = 1 in. V . D T 
 
 a«7 liin..^l>ay :ni(l u.Mintrv.-astof Huil*.Ti bay, by A. I'. l/>w. -t,. „.i. 
 
 678. k.-.l hik.- and i«»rt of iK-mn. .i^^r, i.y U. B. UnwliuR. 1«I4. Map N.. ..7"., KiJe 
 
 •884. f.;il>"iV|,rr ,"'nin«..la, by A. I', f-ow IHftJ. M»p» Xos r.H,'-. 588. -lmI.. 25 m.» 
 
 «18. DniUvnt. Ka/..Hi and IVr^m«,iirivtr8. by J. B. Tyrr-ll. 1H1«. Map N... 0"3, Kale 
 
 J> ni. =1 in. , 1, T 
 
 fi.-7 N rtii^^n piirriim .>f tin- Labrador i»'nm»uU. by A. 1 . '■»'*■ 
 ma. Snitli Siiort Hurtm.n »trait and iTiieava Iwy. by A. 1. l-uw. | 
 
 M.ip N'o. •'"!• "lal.' 2.'5 m. 1 in 
 
 .>i.u' .>o. ":.:' ifcai." i.» lu. X m. , ,, ,, ii \f / lioiind tt.grtlier. 
 
 13. Nortli .Nd.irB HufUon strait an. i I n^-ava l«>y, by K. !..-ll. .Map 
 
 :de 
 
 \.i .iWI, jp!vl<" 2.1 ni. =1 II. 
 72.-, (;,.* H.. .r lak.. lo f ;r.-at Sl«%.- 1"!;-. J'.v -1. M- I*""- l'""' 
 
 778. E-1' I 
 
 Mil 
 
 r ink.' TO t.ri'ai. .-ii«».- inii.-. '.i ■•• ■•• . , .^, 
 
 t lli«U..n bav, bv A 1' Li>w l'.""> .MaiwN.w , ,!•, ..'<il. .^1, 
 I in . 
 
 -«-^71T (ira-K Ri'v.-r ruition. l.y .1 11. Tyrr«ll ftn.| D. B l>"wli;;g 1"'«' 
 
 7i«'^71T (iraHB Kivi-rrBftion. l.y .1 I.. iyrr«ii Bni; I'. .. •^.^...r. 
 
 il5 Kkwan nverand f^utton lake-, by I) B Umlmg. lltOl. M^.p Nc ■■'X. •<»•« 
 
 .-i<»ni. 1 in • 
 
 S19 N'i»«»ai«.ka islan.l", Hud-oii bay. bv A 1 l.o» l.HW. 
 HOfi. TbeCrUK-of t!..- AV,i^(,if, by A I', 1,..". ho- ■ 
 
 i»NT.\KI'> 
 
 216 I.akt of tb- Wo.»)ii regiim, by A. C. U»«<jn. IKC. .Map Xo '."i?. >cal.. 2 m. = 
 
 •aw K.iinv U... i-eH'i..n, by A. C I,aw«on. 1S87. Map ^''•,f***vf ■''''i'" ."l ■"• , 
 2»!. Uke Sui»-r,..r, niin.« and miniu/, by K. I). InL'all. 1H8K. M»|im No-.. JM.>, «cab 
 
 4ni. I oi. : 28«, «Mil.'2<i.h. ^- I in. 
 826. Su.ib„rv n.iniuK district, by K BhH 1..<'.«» 1 Map N... .W; "■'""," \ '" =1 "' 
 327 Hnnt.T i^laii.l. by \V H C Smith 1WX> I . Map No .H2, >.cal,. 4 m 1 iii^ 
 332 Natural (Ja« :in>i Petrol, nm. by H P H. Binmell IWibl. Ma,.^ N* 
 
 357 Vii-toria, PetMrlK.ro.igh and Hasiinir-ii-nmies, by F. 1). Adams lwr.'-3. 
 
 (127 >'.i th- Fr..nch Riv.T »h^t. by R P- !l IHfMi .\tap No. .^'l, »cai.- I m _-i in. 
 
 078 Seine river and I-Jike Hliel,an.i.>w»n nii.]. slie.-t«, by W M(.Inn. - is.i, M»p» 
 
 No» .■.Nil and .■.t'KI, Mjftle 4 ni =lin. i, ,. , n ,„.^ 
 
 72:f Iron de|K>»itrt alonj? Kiinri«t..n and P.inbroke railw.-iy, by h. 1) Inual! l.KW. 
 
 Map N.. f.-.'i;, ..cale 2 ii; -1 in • an.l plan* "f bi niin.s 
 789 Ca.l.-t-in, Rn,.aelland PreBOOtt cunnti.s, by K. W KIN IWKI (.SffNo 7J9, 
 
 I^lebec. I 
 741. Ottawa and viiinity, by K. \V Kllii. IIKMI. 
 790. Perth Dl.eet, by R. W. rais. IIWO. Map No. 789 scale 4 m.^ 1 in. 
 
 961 8udbur\. Nickel and CopiK-r de,«wit-., by A. K Barl.iw. (Kepiintl Map.. No*. 
 
 776, 820, Bcale 1 m. = 1 in. : «24, 825. S<;4, ^ea^.• 490 ft. - I in. 
 
 962 Nipi»«in»andTiinif.kainin(tniaieh.lieet«. by A. K Barlow. (Reprint). M.ip- Not. 
 
 .'■i:i9, ti06, scale 4 ni. -- 1 in. ; N... 914, scale 1 m. = 1 m. 
 s.idburv 
 
 970. Kep<irt on Niair.'i.r 
 977. Reii 
 992. K«i 
 
 . . opper -.., , -,, - -- 
 
 Fall", by .1. VV. Silencer. Maps .N'l.s. 92(1, '.";7. 
 
 lin. 
 
 ReiK.rt on Pembroke .sheet, bv H. W. Ells. Map No. trt/i scale 4 in. = 1 ii 
 KMi».rt on North western t)!itario, traversed by National 1 ran«i-..ntinental 
 
 iH-twcen Liike Nipitfon an : StiirKeon 
 
 lake, bv W. H. I ' 
 
 Map 
 
 nlwav 
 
 998. Kep.rt 
 
 seal*: 4 ni 
 
 = 1 
 
 I ill. 
 
 IVmbroke sheet, by It. W. Ells. (French). Map No. 6(J0, scale 4 
 
QOKBRO. 
 
 ate. Mi«tM»ini expedition, hy A. P. I 
 t40 ~ " ' " " ' 
 
 IS.S1 ft. Map No. •JSH, »■>>]' « m- = ' '»> 
 
 'Wfi. 
 
 m. 
 
 W7. 
 
 82R. 
 ft79. 
 
 ^91. 
 
 «7n. 
 
 TOT. 
 T». 
 
 T«. 
 '1-12. 
 
 97». 
 
 WW. 
 
 1US3. 
 
 . by 
 
 218. 
 
 219 
 
 24S. 
 
 SM. 
 
 330. 
 
 661. 
 
 7«9. 
 803. 
 
 M3. 
 
 381 
 
 S&8. 
 
 628. 
 S.'O. 
 W. 
 871. 
 
 ^!^W ' UlT 1HM7-K M.]. N<,. -JW. «*le 40 eh. = 1 ••■ 
 
 Ka«l«n T.rwn»hip«, Mon«««l «h«*t. by R. W. Kiki »na r . 
 
 No. ."."1, •oikle4»i.= - i'>- M„„,_^ l.v F 1> \d»m»- IW"' 
 
 I»uivntun i.r«» n..rtl. ot t!ie Ulud .rf Montr^i, by F. 1«. va.™ 
 
 AurHnww d»i»«itii, S.«ith-i»u.t.Tn portion, by K. fhalm.r.. 
 
 Am^teiiil, Ott*i»» »nrt Pontuw countit*, by K. w. i»>». 
 
 '^"''*"l'' I u u II iwm 'MiiiiNi) 702, sc»l« 10 m. " 1 •«• 
 
 ^':!r r/r.;s',:rM'!;nli:ili, JyT; D."t.»: 'mi. >u,« no.. 8-4, 876, «:... 
 ^'!:;:uS!r;^::^::;;.i:?,ty'A.'fi>.^i:i.. ,K.phn.,. Ma,»No«..9..6o.,.,c^. 
 
 K.;,rt :n'<!Spii:*i;j;^V:u.V\«t«r„T,,«-h,,«,by .. A.Dr««... M.. 
 
 '^■':,^:';^'n^n:^^ri';t, iirx.^,..., Que., by ... a. 
 
 NBW KKUNSWK'K. 
 \V..t.m New B™««w,cV «n.l U«t.n, >,..-. Sct.a. by R. W, EU.. Ifts.'-. M^ 
 ,..i:^,f:^?tJU:ijJi.unt.«, by U W .U,U.y. m,, M.p N... 231, «:^. 4 
 Vie2in;.\^:-U^-...... N,.rth„„;b,.H.,.a ,...unUc., N.B., by L. W. B.Uey «d 
 
 NoX;:!1^,:r^ii^;tt^;Vtv.' lUiWanaW. Mclnn-. .S87m 
 T.S^t:^."i^.-!^' -"«-'>y 1- W. Bail.yana W. Mol»«. 1890-1. 
 Mi.:!^ ^,:r^ U w: J^Jw. .... Map N... 676. »ca- ■ 1« »-- 1 .a. 
 
 
 Nhw linmswHK (j<iunK>. "j ■». ■■■ - - 
 
 ("»rb<mif<-r..\iahv.t.'i.,, by I.. \S. IWUev. l.»"i. I K„„ad together. 
 
 SltS^r::;^,'^; U: w'ku:: ;ia,;No.l«9,.»leiem.= lu.. 
 
 NOVA aCOTIA. 
 
 Guynborou^. .Vnti....»h, . '.urn, role h«U,r and Halifax countie., by Hugk 
 
 Kl..i,l,.-r»ii.l K. l^ KaribaulL l»«b. 
 Pict..u .uJ t)<>kb,.»trr oounti«. by H, ''iBtcbef. ''«^';^/, K^gj-S. Map No. 382, 
 
 ;^outhw«t«rn N..»a S«>t.» (pr«iiinmary). by I., V, . bailey, i™ '■ V 
 
 Bcale S m. .1 ™- , , w u.iiM 1896 Map No. CU, acale S m. » 1 u>. 
 
 MAPS. 
 
 1041 Don.inim, of <-'anada. Mineral*. Scale 100 m =1 in. 
 
 YUKON. 
 
 806 Kxplomtion, on MacMdUn. tTp|«,r I'-Uy and S^wart ri««, «»le 8 m. = l in. 
 
 mi p. ni m of Kunoai. Creek Mining district, scij- 6 m- -1 >•«. 
 
 mi' Sk^tih Map Kluane Mining dirtrict. Hcale h "■- = 1 '"- , „ „_ , - , 
 
 Z. Wmdv ArM, Minin. di.tri. t. Sk-tcl. < -.I.^Moal M y. ^.*le 2ml .u- 
 
 ■1-11. TautalM aiid FiieFingBni cual iume», scale 1 m - 1 lu- 
 
«»1.. 1,600 ft. '1 '•• 
 
 BRITISH COLUMBIA. 
 
 ^^: Suuu<Ur70rJk M,m.« 'l-tr.ct .o.l« 1 —I •" 
 Wit. NiooU Coal bMlui. «c»l» I " -,'i'^i,„.i and vi'i 
 
 10O3. Koi-UnJ Mining oan.p, *»le I.-"'" »■-! "^ 
 
 \1,11KRTA. 
 KiA »,.»!_ VtsK-e aixl Ath»l>»i*» riv.i-, »i.il>' W w-f ' '"■ 
 
 tllib-^rrr A;:::i.l^::c:^:s '^.^l^^'u^ .■..». ...» ;^ »,. -i i.. 
 
 MANITOBA. 
 
 m. Map of ,«rt of T.rtle .uounUin -Uow.ng «»1 area, .cal, 4 m. ^1 i-. 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 2-r. Lak. ..,■ ,1„. \V,.,.|,-h»-t .ca!«JJm.-l i". 
 •M2. llunt..r l-lu>,.l shn. t *aW 4m. -1 m. 
 
 „ll.urv-.l...t. -;'>'■'"'■.,= I, n 
 |U.nyflivn~:..t, .,.1..2....-l n 
 
 S«m K,v..rKh..i. '.c»l.-4n,.-l.". 
 
 KrHnih Kivei^l. .■i.>™l.-4in -1 ' 
 
 M:mit..ulin T»l,.n.l -li" t. "Oiil- 4 "'• 
 
 843. 
 S73. 
 
 wio. 
 
 fiT't. 
 W.I. 
 Kl'.). 
 
 i;ii.fi. 
 
 1 
 
 iN 
 
 1 Ml. 
 
 in. 
 
 f'.dltini> 19«W). 
 
 (iUfl. NipiMlllH ^li'' 
 
 7... llu 'N^wK-litionUO'T). 
 
 HOI). 
 
 -lin. 
 
 „„.„i>,.',.,l,rol.,.-h,.-t..c..-4>n- ... 
 
 •!,,». lK'"i«-l"*S'""","-r, ' l,n 
 r.W. IlalilA.rt,m »l.e.-t. ^al" 4 "._ 1 '" 
 7».. MAuitu,! I,uk.- eh.et, K^il- 4 »' .1 
 
 !.=rw (;„-nvin-«l..*t.»i;^'l';-t'" T ,"■ 
 
 770 HamT..ft sl.»t. »ci» !• - "H --'.'» ,,,. i™ 
 
 78!l. IVrtl. «W, Hcalf 4 ... -1 >"_ .^ ,,, 
 
 H-JO. S.,.llmry <1.8U.ct ^"'".■•, '> • ^ '^'. ^^ , „,,. „,Hle 4nO ft -1 jn 
 8-J4-Ji-.!r., Su.'.bury .liatrKt, ' ' I [ \ ! ^, „,.',, TiuiaK'.i..... "«' .'"^^ 
 S.V2 . NorU.-t..«.t Ar... o. V -r.,, . ^. U on ■ f ^ ^_j^ 4.», (t . - m 
 m*. Sudbury a.«tnct, KK . . " i .^lur^J ^^ ,„ 
 
 .Tin. 
 
 2.M . 
 
 2H7 
 
 a75 
 
 571 
 
 CM. 
 
 607 
 
 =lin. 
 ^lln 
 
 l/lIEBEO. 
 
 ,.,,ebe. .l.eet. Ka-sten. r^-*n»h. « M»P. »'al^ "' ^^1 ;„. 
 
 iS^dt.;^.rii-^K^.:i^^ ^^ 
 
 Sia Chifon^an.au repon, "V'j'^"';;,.'; "I. Kastern Township., <x»^»^~_ , ,„ 
 r^;7.''lt;::.^S;.^^P^-nK -^^^ Lake Tin.i.kau.in«. ."^ 2 ».- I 
 
 NKW BRUNSWICK 
 
 I 1 in. 
 
 K-', Slai. of Principal Mineral OccirrHnc, 
 m. iUp o« Pri°«'P»l ^"-"^ Lo.al.Ue.. 
 
 . cale 1" ii..= I "I- 
 Scale 16 m. = 1 in. 
 
NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
 «18. I'r«liinin»ry M»p of rtfrinfthiU c.«l-K.ld, ihmiI.' ;><> cl.. 
 »83. I'ictou oo«I-fteld, «oi»1p W ch. « 1 in. 
 
 < I In. 
 
 ^7. {:i;K"0«:i.^^^^^^^^^^ ,r.,„di.tH»t.«»I.»ch.. 
 
 927 Oenwai Map of Province ihowintf K>M dif triot», -<»le 12 m. » 1 in. ^ 
 937. LeipaiRkta (Jold district, ncale 600 (t. = 1 in. 
 B«5. Hkrrigiui (lold dintrict, scalu 400 ft. - 1 in. 
 »M. M»l»(f»Qolddiitri<t, »'*1- '-'■•>" ''ifl '"•, . 
 lOIS. BrookBeld Gold dintrict, •calf «50 ft =- 1 in. 
 
 N.rr..-lndiWdu»l M.j-or Rp,..rt. will \n> f«rni-hed fr.* foMw^rf. Canadian 
 '^" 'Apl-Iicatiun., ,h.,uM be «ddre.».^ t„ tli. l.ireotor Geological Survey Branch. 
 ^"tSX Snd'MlJiVnaTt:- ordered by the number, prefixed to ti>l. -. 
 
I i i 
 
 Dl 
 
OANABA 
 
 dcfahtmcnt or minks 
 
 MVLSCIOAl. VWUVtV MMMN 
 
 f 
 
 Surfies 
 PUEBLO MINE 
 W>uiehor»« Copper Beit, Yul 
 
 II.II.M"OONNCU..B.A. 
 
 ■ ' ■ 'if I I I I I 
 
IKS 
 I 
 
 \ \ 
 
 s 
 
 Ind4 
 
 d] 
 
 '^'^"^■- 
 
•*ciocorY nsounioN tbt chart 
 
 (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2) 
 
 ^ APPLIED IIVMGE I 
 
 I^Tw 1653 Eost Uam StrMt 
 
 ^JS Roch«t«f. Near Yofh 14609 USA 
 
 IS C?16) 482 -0300- Phon« 
 
 ^S (^^^) ^B8 - 5989 - Fax 
 
IkOA 
 
 OF MINES 
 
 iBVtY BRANCH 
 
 ,0 Shmft 
 
 Index 
 
 ED 
 
 Onuuitt 
 
 
 O Shaft 
 
 ORE BODY 
 ^er Belt. Yiikon. 
 
 I Rmport hy 
 
 ItLUB.A. 
 
 \'tol inch, 
 
 4C 90 CI TO 
 
 I I I I 
 
 M.. 1048 
 
CANA 
 
 OKPARTMENI 
 
 OCOLOtlOAL BUI 
 
 BEST CHANCE 
 
 Wliiiehorse Coppi 
 
 ToMumUtiif J 
 R.a.MeOONN! 
 
CANADA 
 
 TMCMT OF MINC« 
 
 ■ lOAL BUnvCY ■NANOM 
 
 1ANCE ORE BODY 
 Copper Belt. Yukon. 
 
 ■M>aONNELL,a.A. 
 
 t* M 4« MM m 
 
 K..1048 
 
CANADA 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF Mil 
 
 SIOLOOICAL SUnVCV ■RANOt 
 
 SURFACE AT COPPER Kll 
 WKite horse Copper Bell 
 
 To illustra.ie Report bl 
 
 R.Q.M'CONNELL.B A. 
 
 Sccde.100feet tolvnc\ 
 
 ' W » iM ly »•> 4«» m tw 
 
eAMAD* 
 
 OCPARTMCNT OP MIN 
 
 SURFACE AT COPPER KINC 
 ■Whitehorse Copper Belt, 
 
 TvUlumtraim ltm§tatt hff 
 
 ll.«.M«COMNELI..B.A. 
 
 Ifaiii T r T -* T T T 
 
P MINES 
 
 Index 
 
 dJ 
 
 ty^nn. 
 
 Litxaatm— 
 
 uu 
 
 R KING MINE 
 Bell, Yukon. 
 
 Bort h^ 
 
 ..B.A. 
 
 olinch 
 
 <■ " r T 
 
 K..1047 
 
Imprtn of India \ 
 
 EMPRESS OF INDIA MINERi 
 Whitehorse Copper Belt, 
 
 To Uluttrate Xeporl fy 
 
 n C M<-CONNELL,B A. 
 
 SmU zoo ful to 1 iHth. 
 
eAMAM 
 
 ocP4^TMCNT or MINCa 
 
 • COLMtOAl MMVIV tHAIIOM 
 
 EMPRC88 OF INDIA MINElUi 
 
 ™- - ■ - - - ■ ■ ' 
 
 ll.t.M*80NIICLL,a.A. |, 
 
 semtt i^ff Tttt tt J wtm a i 
 
Ind«x 
 
 CD 
 
 nj — '- 
 
 i»«rt 
 
 INERAL CUIM 
 B«li. Yukon. 
 
 If«104« 
 
 2 i: T 
 
 i 
 
 I ' 
 
 : 
 
□ 
 
 z ^ ^ i-- 
 
 « O (^ u a:- 
 
 ^ <r» 
 
 Ul fi' 
 
 .8^ 
 
 ■Si 
 
 CD c 
 
 
 ^ 
 
CANAIM 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF MINES 
 fcoLoaieAk tuNvtv biiamon 
 
 GRAFTER MINE 
 
 "Whit«hor«e Copper Belt, Ifukon. 
 Working* mt 30 Faot Ltvl 
 
 To aiiMrtrafe Jtcport/ Iff 
 
 R.9.M«00NNELL,I.A. 
 
 SctU* ZOtttl Ul utc/v 
 
 N0.IO45 
 
ft « 
 
 •«, 
 
 n 
 
 S 5 
 
 5* 
 
 > «»• 
 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 r 
 
DK^ARTMCNT OP MINCt 
 
 Index 
 
 .W»» | r V «« n la» 
 
 I I O Uffp Ht rm m mm^mmtth 
 
 C tittt uru i tu tm i j0ikal 
 
 SURFACE AT ARCTIC CHIEF MiNC 
 WhiUhora« Copper B«lt^ Yukon. 
 
 To Ulumtratm Mtpmrt hy 
 R.aM«OONNXU.,aA. 
 
 SemUJtO frntuiUUK 
 
 iLl^j s -y ■» f ■*» ■*» 
 
 1U044 
 
i I ! 
 
 '« ? ' 
 
 ) i 
 
 i c?ji| 
 
 UJ 
 Z I 
 
CANADA 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF MM 
 
 OKOLOaiCAL SUWVKV tNANC 
 
 HOM W TiM>i«MAN. MiNitTi* A P Low. Dtru 
 (fWBaocK Acrixa DiMirroa 
 
 imm 
 
 
 •><< Outf Bni>^U-mum 
 
 * 
 
 G«ologioaI «nd Topographk^Bl 
 
 of 
 
 Wl 
 
 KmrnU. I mlU to I Inch 
 
 > " F * It - T . ^ ^. 
 
 ORSE COPPEip 
 
 YUKON TERRITORYJ 
 
 To illuatrate Report bgf 
 R.O.M'OONNCLL.b.A. j 
 
^ MINES 
 
 BNANCM 
 
 ■phk^ Map 
 
 PEli BELT 
 
 rORYi 
 
 h.A. 
 
 !rio4i 
 
 Lm%»nn 
 
 *»*• •iM*M»4krf ti^ '*•*• 
 
 __J 
 
 «o><ri*#* iwM* OT "<«•«*«<• «r 
 
 <-;;2^^ j*«^*cMM«*M ( iHt«Mi<r« 
 
 a* • Mhana 
 
 •uravtt •< i' U>«*«««M»M 
 
 (•«r*rM k|v m~ itpi^mOl.n BtMT 
 
 
 ll*.»hhMn»IJ 
 
 
 JnWfr Mm* a'*^ Tm* (n Mu.twm^ tl^m^ 
 
 *ah(w rill TBi^. -rn rf r^^fnin/M'i**** »»» 
 m«p bfi rAMMfar«m.l]Nir 
 
- J 
 
 
 i. Q 
 
 UJ 
 QQ 
 
 cr 2: 
 
 •^ u o - < 
 
CANADA 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF M 
 
 OKOLOGICAL SURVEY BRAf 
 
 Hon. W TiMPLCMAN. MmiSTtit. A P Low. Di 
 
 RWBHOCK. ACTINO DlRtCTOR 
 
 IHOM 
 
 MiM 
 
)F MINES 
 
 EY BRANCH 
 
 * Low. Deputy Ministir. 
 DtnccToN. 
 
 Explanation of Colours and Signs 
 
 Hticks concv^Je^ if\t/rtfy 
 
 f\tr/tf^vrttf d*kes iii* k es vn{v ptirhfiUv tntipf*eil J 
 
 f^irfihyrttt' . 
 
 Iinrnht^ru/*'-<frafntf ftossutifin ftttiCfS trit** 
 tfnuut-ftmrif^ii. titttritfx untf syrnitrx. 
 
 Luni-iOtrtfa 
 
 Altrrr-if f^tn/twr mi'H*-€ 
 
 D 
 
 ^fuiftit't.itf 
 
 fffHuit aft*f huthh/fiK 
 
 jg. 
 

 G p ol o £1 {• n:l a I J tl T o:[:> d 
 Minp of IVi:ilri^l Poi' 
 
 WHITEHORSE COPP 
 YrKON TEFJHIT 
 
 To illustrate M o|><>i-i 
 R.Q.M° CONNELL.B 
 
 Scale +00 JVel-1 in 
 
 rfk 
 
 mmtM 
 
Top D s n iu pll 11 1 ■ n 1 
 ill PorliDTi oV 
 
 COPPER BELT 
 HHITOHY 
 
 U opoi-i l»v 
 
 nell.b.a' 
 
 Titfuitfnifihv hv y tt Mni-lnrofi,B.Sr. 
 <irnlrtf(\' W R .ti M V 4'oiint'U,ll. A. 
 
 No. IU2t> 
 
 /Wri- Ut r'x 
 
 /•■t-tHHUttlttltH ff 
 
 nf4M**-x ,fitr,-i.,l 2f»''trf 
 
 rtfrrrnm a/^.-^..,/ . 
 
 Mtttf fiitm/t-i 
 
 ^ iz : - X f*ri *t*fe M 
 
 t'*uU*»ii*'K :ih*»Hmi4 hrttfh/s aho\'e ^ra/cfrf A« f -^Z fvi c/fvaiit^t 
 
 Simffnt^tt' i/r€'tui4*/um miout 3^**'^.'S'Sust. 
 
 t^et-l inch