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 A APPLIED IN/MGE Inc 
 
 ^^ 1653 East Main Street 
 
 S T^S Rochester. New York 14609 USA 
 
 '-SS: (716) 482 - 0300 - Phone 
 
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 '^-K^l:^^^ 
 
 Cientlenien, 
 
 The purpose for which we this tiny a<:scinblc is one of more 
 than ordinary interest; to commence, prosecute, nnrl complete a 
 Course of Mcilica! Science nn.l Practice, which shall recommend 
 itseU,aswcll.o.heintelii.^rent of our own profession, as to the 
 friends of Science in every other department of life. 
 
 It has too long heen a subject of deep regret, that, in this 
 flourishing City, in which commerce has been successfully culti- 
 vated, one of the most amiable and benevolent of the daughters of 
 Science should not have found a fane sanctioned bv pubUc law 
 and upheld by the high character of its professoriid instructors! 
 But, «' 'Tis never too late to do well "; and though a profession 
 the most noble, and which requires, for its successful prosecution, 
 the untiring exertions of the highest faculties of our rational 
 nature, has hitherto been allowed to languish without a vi;j|orous 
 combination; under providence, wo are this day met to hail the 
 humble beginnings of an institution, limited, it may be, in its 
 resources, and inferior, in the extent of its arrangements, to many 
 schools of Medical Science. 
 
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(2) 
 
 'ends <oT™"ot' Ht^I„^JI7;;"'™'•'''' "i"' «l"r,, ,vl,icl, 
 
 -"y IWiclar el»., , „„a ,„ J ' ;; ' -g ;™ 11.0 cl„,„,,., „f 
 "■l"cl., if i, c»„„o, .,rro,t ,l,e 1! ^ ? '"" '"~"'° «'■'■"», 
 
 victor,-. ^' ""' -^""ras 11,0 terror „f l,i, 
 
 "- ™™.»m cverc-so „r o'ur j;,';;, .l':;^;™' °"'^- ^» -lan.od I, 
 
 .'cionli/icX""°rLt/,'"«t°tr'"i! ""v""'" '-"""'K-e in every 
 "«"■■'' Willi 11,0 »„„>.!'• [""""'"'My or coll.4n,My Z 
 
 '«;teo, .1.0 ,,ude„i «.il 1,0 0, bio, ''■'"°"' "'■ "'^l'"™! know 
 
 »"«.;o l,e,„.oo„ ,r„„, „,„ ; ;"' ,7«' l'-i«.lioo», ,o disc - 
 
 '■"".■" and ,,i,ii„,„,„,i^ ,.^„;;;,;;;. "..j r.-™, i,i» oo„oiu,io„, „„ ,,. ' 
 
 »™l, <o wl,icl, „c „ro now ZT . „ '"•"«'«»'■« iraprovo- 
 
 -1' "leir oo,„,„o. 1,, I, ; ' '''';'"'"™' -"■ 'cionoo, „„d „ 1,„T 
 «».'onc„„rn,o„,en^ -"'''"'' ^'"''""^-«™ptef„ri.l,;°'' 
 
 We iiro nol cnaidcj fo „,i„ l 
 
 "--■-v:no,,i,,,d,_;:„::,-,t--7-no.:^ 
 
 ' f^*^ <'io purpose of pcii- 
 
 \ 
 
iih glory, ^vliich 
 -^cile emulation 
 t'lo cliiinictor of 
 ''iviiio science, 
 tjliims as much 
 2 terror of his 
 
 rings to which 
 '"« ; a science 
 ^e letained by 
 
 %e in every 
 aterally con- 
 'f'igeous and 
 "''■<-h1 know- 
 -s, to discri- 
 isions on ra- 
 
 t'le ar(s and 
 'e imjirove- 
 Iiislorj' 
 
 th 
 
 s men, and 
 'e progress 
 f' to JioJd 
 ' i'nitation 
 
 ^o direct 
 d to the 
 
 I. 
 
 ed were 
 ^f pcti- 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 - 'i 
 
 \ 
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 tioning the passers by, for a remedy to their patlicular complaints. 
 The streets and higiiways were frequented hy the inlirm and their 
 friends, ami the passing traveUer was impU)rcd to suggest a 
 remedv, which his experience in journeying tiirough distant and 
 populous countries, might enable him to aflord. And, not to 
 aflTord every possible information to those putting questions, was 
 considered by all eastern nations, a crime, equal in extent, to 
 wliat in our day, we would reckon the master of one vessel guilty 
 of, in refusing succour to another, that had importuned him for 
 aid, while yet at a distance from her destination. 
 
 Not considering the subject of natural or fabulous mcdicino 
 as tending to vour present cdilication, I have considered it more 
 interesting to bring before you its condition posterior to very 
 ancient periods in the history of our globe. 
 
 In process of time, when animal anatomy was combined with 
 the Pythagorean system of philosophic reasoning, as applied to 
 medicine, the art of healing gradually assumed tlie aj)pearance of 
 a distinct science, and was acquired at the true source of all 
 successful observation, the bedside of the sirk ; or by the tradi- 
 tional communicationsof a master to his disciples; or those of a 
 fatlier to his son. 
 
 The celebrated Asclepiades owed his medical fame to tho 
 knowledge acquired from liis sire, wliich he again transmitted to 
 his own descendants. Ii is to be lamented that of the labours of 
 this deserving family, so frequently nojctil in the voluminous 
 writings ascribed to Hippocrates, no information has comedown 
 to our day, of the manner in which that remarkable race conducted 
 those medical observations which descended to the Coan sage by 
 hereditary right. 
 
 About 500 years before tho christian era, when philosophy 
 and liberty were rendering illustriou.5 the states of Gtccce, and 
 superstitious prejudice was yielding in medical matters, to rational 
 experience, Hippocrates was born. 
 
■-m 
 
 ( 4 ) 
 
 The (ullier ol" mtdicine, as lie lias been called, drnnk deeply 
 and eagerly from every conceivable iource of infurmation, and 
 treasured up those stores of practical acquirements wliich ho 
 succesbfully taught to others. 
 
 IIao his valuable precepts been followed, the science of 
 medicine would lave steadily advanced. But it was far other- 
 wise. Scarcely had he discerned observation to be the most solid 
 foundation in all medical reasoning', than they turned aside to listen 
 to interminable themes about the nature of man, disease, medicine, 
 and false deductions from the most deceitful of all kinds of experi- 
 ments : dissections performed on the bodies of living animals. 
 
 There were not wanting many, who warned their contem. 
 poraries, that no course was auspicious which consisted not in 
 noting, and writing out the history of diseases, as records of 
 observed experience. 
 
 Upwards of one liundred years afters the birth of Chiist, 
 Galen arose, a man dcf^tined (o change the aspect and established 
 order of medical science. His extraordinary genius was aided by 
 great learning, which enabled him soon to silence the crowd of 
 sectarian empirics. 
 
 It had been more advantageous for medicine, had he not 
 allowed his imagination and the inlluence of sciiol.isiic habits, to 
 overpower his judgment, since his works, far from clearing the 
 way to observation, became so many text-books for the contro- 
 versies ot succeeding ages; and the simple exercise of bed-side 
 observation, was soon lof-t in oblivion. 
 
 Ages now succeeded, to wliich historians have given the 
 appellation of "dark." It is asserted that the Arabians, in these 
 benighted times, luul medical institutions in connection with hos- 
 pitals. Undtr the proloction of (iiat noble race, the Saracenic 
 Moors, celebrated hospitals were established in Spain, and 
 crowded with students from every part of Europe. It has become 
 
 ( 
 
 ^\ 
 
I 
 
 rfrnnk deeply 
 (rmation, and 
 Its wliiclk ho 
 
 le science of 
 was far othor- 
 tlic most solid 
 aside to listen 
 aso, medicine^ 
 nds of cxperi- 
 animals. 
 
 their contem. 
 nsisted not in 
 as records of 
 
 ■th of Chiist, 
 nd established 
 s was aided by 
 5 the crowd ol 
 
 , had lie not 
 biic habits, to 
 clearino- tlie 
 r the contro- 
 e of bed-side 
 
 vo given the 
 tiians, in these 
 ion with hos- 
 he Saracenic 
 ti Spain, and 
 It has become 
 
 
 ( 5 ) 
 
 n custom, the result of ignorance, to detract from the merit of 
 those promoters of t;encral science : but their services, if only as 
 copyists of scicntilic works, ran hardly, in that dreary night of 
 centuries, be too justly appreciated. 
 
 Although the sterile example of Galen enslaved the mil- 
 lion, yet the long unrectifled evil wrought, in many, its own cure. 
 Disgust with mere discussion, instead of histories of maladies, 
 drove these to travel into Italy and France, where subtleties, 
 somewhat less wretched than in other countries, had not yet 
 reduced medical orations into unmeaning commentaries. Hut the 
 period was 'd far distant, in which medicine was to be grounded 
 on its only true foundation, the observation of clinical facts, and 
 the collection of ir^tances. 
 
 The students of these days acquired from their teachers only 
 idle chimeras. They v.'ere amused with a profusion of blossom, 
 but the real fruit of appealing to tiie sick bed, was seldom enforced. 
 
 These representations of the condition of medicine are not 
 exaggerated. From the beginning of tlie fifteenth, till nearly the 
 middle of the seventeenth century, all medical enero-y was in a 
 state of dotage. 
 
 On reviewing the statements we havr -nv snbmitted, it is 
 naturally suggested to the reflecting miml 'low institutions, so 
 beneficial to the human race, as those of general hospitals, and 
 collegiate establishments in connection with them, wherever 
 practicable, should have remained so long in a state of infancy. 
 It is a melancholy fact, that, nearly two thousand years were 
 necessary to establish a simple and evident truth, that piactical 
 medicine can only be acquired at the bedside of the sick. 
 
 About the middle of the seventeenth century, we have testi- 
 mony that in Holland, establishments such as those we have 
 hinted at, were in active operation, both in Utrecht and Leyden. 
 
 Othoe Huernius, in the latter city, taught medicine on a 
 comprehensive plan, by examining his patients in the presence of 
 
s 
 
 ( 6 ) 
 
 Ill's iHipils, niul exi)iitiatiij<r on ilic nature of tliseases, and the 
 rciisoiis for his mode of tieainient. 
 
 This grt'iit iiiiin caused inspections of (ho hody to bo made 
 nfter death, and inuroovcr, exercised his pupils in the knowledge 
 and preparation of medicines. 
 
 To Del.ihoe, a name worthy of honorable mention, siicoccdcil 
 one, M'hose ii;e'iiu.s entitles him to the grateful recollection of 
 every succeedinjf age. I refer to Uoerliaave. Tlio encouraging 
 manner in which he took notice of his pupils, fired their profes- 
 sional amI)ition, which was farther inJlamcd by the general esti- 
 mation in which their great master \vas held. The most illus- 
 trious physicians of the day, were on the list of his pupils, who 
 were afterwards scattered over every |)art of l^urope. 
 
 Many schools now arose that eclipsed the fame of Leyden, 
 their common parent. To Scotland, the land of native worth, 
 belongs the merit of being the first, under Dr. John Rutherford, 
 to explain ill clinical lectures, the nature and treatment of cases 
 in public hospitals. 
 
 RuTiiERroRD was Professor of the Practice of Medicine in 
 the University of Edinburgh, and obtained from the managers of 
 the Royal Infirmary of that city, one hundred years ago, the privi- 
 lege of admitting students into that public hospital, and thus 
 advancing the interests of medical science. 
 
 A few years afterwards, Boerhaavc established a clinical 
 institution at Vienna, in which public lectures were delivered by 
 Van Swieten. The reputation he acquired, was at once brilliant 
 and merited, from his having adopted as his mode of instruction, 
 the chasteness of Grecian medicine. 
 
 De liacn, another of Boerhaave's pupils was his successor, 
 whose talents were jharacterizcd by the sagacity with which he 
 discussed the most complicated facts. And, though an overween. 
 ing self sufficiency darkened his merits as a man, he was a most 
 
LHses, and the 
 
 Jy to bo made 
 lie knowkulgo 
 
 on, siicvccdcd 
 ccollcction of 
 ; cncournging 
 
 their |'<rofe«;- 
 ! general esti- 
 lio most illus- 
 
 pu'-.ils, who 
 
 ) of Leyden, 
 
 iilive wortli, 
 
 Rutlierford, 
 
 ment of cases 
 
 Medicine in 
 
 iniinagcrs of 
 
 no, the privi- 
 
 al, and thus 
 
 3d a clinical 
 
 delivered by 
 
 )nce brilliant 
 
 instruction, 
 
 is successor, 
 ih which he 
 n overween- 
 i was a most 
 
 ( 7 ) 
 
 efficient instrurlor. In his Ratio viedendi, indcfiitigi'blo iiuJuv 
 try, select Iciiriiing, accuracy oroliscrvalion, atid (idelitvof slatc- 
 mciif, are evident in every l)a;>f'. Ff lluy fail in aiiglit, it is, ilmt 
 they aro ratlior a collcclion of isuhited fiicls, lliaii a ( oiiiit'c(»{| 
 series. Slilj, his disscrlaliiUi niusl be reg-Milcti as n \alualiic con- 
 tributioii to mctlical science. 
 
 To Do Ilaen succeeded Sto" nqunlly able, (^leganlly and 
 clmstely to pourtray (ho history of disease, ami who made histo- 
 rical descriptions subserve the purpose of throwing light upon the 
 dogmata of the ancients. The principles of lljppociates he lirmly 
 ailhered to, and in a short time, by judicious energy, strongly im- 
 pulsed the clinique of Vienna. 
 
 Rutherford, the father of Clinical Institution in Great 
 Britain, and a pu|)il of Hoerhaave, had able followers in Munro 
 Gregory, Home, Cullen and others. 
 
 No teacher of Practical medicine ever took more pains than 
 Cullen, in leading his students to rellect and reason, to observe 
 the course of nature in diseases, and to distinguish between their 
 essential symptoms and accidental combinations. He uniformly 
 endeavoured, so fiir as he was able to discriminate, by observation 
 and analysis, the reasons between the inlluence of the remedies 
 employed by art, and the operations of nature, in the cure of 
 diseases. No disease, however slight, but what was made by 
 him the subject of observation ; and I mention this for the bene/it 
 of every student now before mo, that he marked, most attentively, 
 the symptoms, as (hey appeareil in concourse and succession; 
 their chief distinguishing characters; how they accidentally com- 
 bined, and spontaneously changed ; and how they were ellectcd 
 by the remedies employed. All these, he never failed to insist 
 upon, and pointed them out as objects, pre-eminently deservmg tho 
 attention ofevery student. Permit me to mention another (rait of 
 Cullen's character, which remarkably distinguished him iVom 
 many of his fellow practitioners, and which is but too little 
 
( 8 ) 
 genfral pos.: ^^^ ^'t 'T"'; P^^"' -"'«' '"1 
 
 was on l,ospi,nl „pe„„ u„I "n 1 1?"^ '." P'"*-"-- Nam 
 "i.l. .he Choi-, collecion „' "rM:r M ' "" ""'■^='' 
 was „•»„„■„,, >vl,icl, was conceive, lit ! "', """""« 
 
 surgery was supplied wi,|, ,he mos. ,n ?'' "'""™^- "» 
 'he juslly „pp,ecia,ed Lan wTnr/'^rM '""™™"'^; ""d 
 Pupils, was olemniy i„2:, 7 u'"'^ "'"""''"' ™"l™» 
 vast l,ospi,al „r„,e Ho,; S " '^"'"'""^ ^""'l™. '•» 'h' 
 
 Tommasini and Rasort "' ""'' '"''''""' ' -""e fW-m 
 
 In Spain, even at ihe present dav m„i-- ■ '> 
 
 scence, a more „,„„, „f „P ^ ™J' ™'"^'"« ■' an aoslraet 
 
 'he names of diseases, togefte" w^ih ,L^f P'"« ? '™embrance . 
 
 '•"•es supposed 10 be their cur^ """enclatur, of n^di- i 
 
"•m^ 
 
 BCt (lio bodies Of 
 ne at tliat period, 
 
 lently forth upon 
 ' contrast to the 
 t Sarlhe, where 
 
 U 
 
 nee the mistress 
 
 isfitutlon in the 
 ich the dignity 
 leld. 
 
 in encouraging 
 ssors. Never 
 t was enriched 
 ica. Nothing 
 t observation, 
 anatomy. Its 
 ■""lenfs; and 
 d of emulous 
 inique, in the 
 
 and Bologna 
 a name from 
 
 an abstract 
 
 Jmembrance 
 ire of medi- 
 
 ( i> ) 
 
 It is the o|)inion of the Spanish faculty that, as mcdicino is a 
 science of conjocturt's, oacl), to dislinguisli symptoms, should fol- 
 low the secret inspirations of his own genius. Every practitioner 
 endeavours to sustain his own opinion, but never pretends to inva- 
 lidate tliose of his professional brother. 
 
 There is a remarkable rule of great anli(juity among them, 
 in regulating the i)raclico of physic ; — that every student is re- 
 quired to give satisfactory proofs, that he has turned to good ac" 
 count the opportunities of witnessing a two year's practice in a 
 nopulous town ; and, till this is proved, no licence is ever granted. 
 
 In no country in Europe has the sago max" been more 
 strictly followed, tliat, " one wise physician skilled to heal, is 
 more than armies to the public weal," than in the widely extended 
 empire o( Russia. 
 
 In 1765, clinical instruction was established ; and every 
 medical school in the empire is said to be attached to an hospital. 
 Russian statesmen required not to be taught that tlie physical, 
 intellectual, and moral weallii of a nation depends mucli upon 
 its health. 
 
 In Russia, and still more in Prussia, the clinical department 
 is cultivated, as the most imp ntant. Eve.y young man of good 
 character and talent, who comes up to the standard of professional 
 information, has a right to enter the public charities ; and all 
 students can gratuitously derive profit, from progressive and 
 regular instruction, in the ditlicult science of observing, question- 
 ing, discriminating, and relieving the sick. 
 
 The condition of medical science in the Turkish dominions 
 may be imagined, when diseases are attributed to the special wrath 
 of God ; to the interference of devils ; or the evil eye of the 
 stranger. It is not then to be wondered at, that the medical cha- 
 racter is held in the highest esteem, and that the science has been 
 
7 
 
 ( 10 ) 
 
 foner« of Turkey, wl.o.so recipes ' '? T''''' ''' '^'' P''''^'^' 
 
 Picke.l.entences\;rtl,eK^:r;;77 
 
 P'-^tient to swnlloNv. A forefon ,,1.? • ^'^ '' '"'' S'^^'" to tl.e 
 -s«ec, or very super/or k„o^;Iedle '.nd" I'I^'"^^^""'' '" ""' J'"^' 
 greedily swallowed. "' '" '"« Prescriptions are 
 
 VVhoever in Turkey wears n !,./ i 
 
 '^ '*" "'"f IS required. 
 ^T is a curious fact tfi.t n^.i • 
 
 °f"-f..eijnp,,,.iei„;f,l' t,,,, ';'"''''?"''*'"S '^e merits 
 
 '^'-st. ' "e says, focis Ihs pulse the 
 
 The ancient paiholocT tfr.f,);. 
 
 «• wmcl i„ ,|,c U.,„| ; ,/,„„,,„ """"• ^'"^ »■"!' >hoa headache 
 
 lurk,,v. '■'"■I, ...0 .„„l,l™|^ PVsician, i„ ■ -) 
 
iciclenta (o supernn- 
 
 > l>y not accustom- 
 ies are the practi- 
 
 >f illness, consist in 
 r, and given to the 
 upposed to be pos- 
 s prescriptions are 
 
 a turhan, is im- 
 I ^nowlcc/o-o, 
 
 icr, and solicited 
 etiier willing or 
 p may feel ("heir 
 I. 
 
 i<'inces the value 
 ing able to tell 
 ing the merits 
 fiirk invariably 
 's Ill's pulse the 
 
 f' h an excess 
 liem headache 
 I in (iie chest, 
 ''ration is thus 
 
 > tlie air pipe 
 
 ers has gene- 
 wed manual 
 'liysicians in 
 
 ^ 
 i 
 
 ( il ) 
 
 There are no apothecaries, or slioi>s for tlic sale ol inodi- 
 cino; bill asi)hysicians among them are seldom able to write, shops 
 would be useless. Am[)iitation among tlitjir surgeons is bi-ld in 
 abhorrence. The opening of a deaii bod} is expiesslv forbidden 
 by the Koran, which says, " Thou shalt not open the ody even 
 of a criminal who has swallowed pearls of ])rice." Th manner 
 in which the profession is remunerated may 1)0 supposed, when the 
 sick Turk makes promisi>s, and, when convalescent, breaks them. 
 The surgeons aie not burdened with many instruments, a lancet, a 
 pair of scissors, a searing iion, and fiM'ceps for extracting balls, 
 form the whole apparatus. In a case of violent hemorrhage, they 
 are utterly badlcd, not knowing how to arrest it. 
 
 We will now advert to France. Whatever were the ancient 
 forms of her medical schools, the overwhelming confusion that 
 accompanied and were consequent upon every new and short lived 
 condition of things, held France long stationary in ies[)ect of 
 medicine. 
 
 f^VERY general and spontaneous national movement probably 
 effaced or annihilated whatever the institutions of the French 
 enjoyed. 
 
 No state, no order pervaded any one of her many depart- 
 ments. When a tempest was succeeded by a temporary cdm^ 
 there arose many who perceived the value of clmical establish- 
 ments ; and importunate demands were addressed to the gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 CoKVisART, the confidential medical adviser of Napoleon, 
 made use of his influential position in the noblest manner, in 
 behalf of science and her votaries. Among his clinical [lupils- 
 werc Boyle, Laennec, and Dupuytren. Many of (he most emi- 
 nent physicians of France were successively educated in his cli- 
 nique, and thence dispersed througlioul the various parts of the 
 empire. 
 
( 12 ) 
 
 "fa scheme ,hey Ion," j !"" '»""<^"' '"'•■" «<""■ lose .i,,,,, 
 rcpuWicaii (renzy. '""^ '''°"> "'nc avalandie of 
 
 Mss ; »i.,l il is believed, .l,a ',' ■ " '""'"'" '■"'''''^"■''• 
 
 "- -M, „„e,.ei„ c,i„i'oa,'l ,:,::;,'■; '""'■." ;■' "-" " -'y in 
 
 "'."' n>e.ii«l i,.i,„,.,„, ' ■ ' , J - ^ ""'I i< is word,, ef Ud 
 
 -'"^"'■ve |„,,;e„l„,- ,„emi.™ n , 'I"'""' ««"'ice ,o ,l,e f,c„l„, 
 
 "-"-fo Ie.e, .,,e n; :"'' ""'"^""l-' ; .he laU,, 
 
 i!".(.uc,ive we,e,helee , ''? ''" M™'l>«llior. How 
 
 -cs or ,,i. ,,„,,;„, Toi' :; V^^'--; •>• . ,,ee,,s an., ,,a„e«v- 
 
 «"■' Js»llie,l m:,mm, select i;„' ""' ''" "''''"l " S'a™ 
 
 "-"' «l"c,„i„„, a,„, :u,„Am'Z:Z^°TT'' "''"'■'"-. 
 clillical eliic-ienev. Del,,t.„;, ,„ „ '' '"'>^- ^^cii was Fouquet in 
 -lK,o,, ,ve l,ave- in,,, : "^"'S'.--' ''^■i--'™e„. „r„,2 ,„„, 
 
 ^•"i-i. So .„.,„ina^.„ ;::::,: : ■ -;;:«. o,,,, ,„„. „„ „;^„„. - 
 
 it: 
 
[iiiil celebrity, vied 
 •'information; and 
 l"t.XHl the l)a])j,iest 
 
 md cherish clinical 
 wa,s owing neither 
 ion in lier zealous 
 isic hene/it. Jt is 
 'n never lost sight 
 Ijut which every 
 >ine avahincho of 
 
 cstahlisJied in a 
 ■vious hackward- 
 _« is not a city in 
 't-^iJ «ind equally 
 worthy of notice 
 t (he early hour 
 'n cases in the 
 • institutions. 
 
 i('> a career of 
 to the faculty, 
 ct; Jiie latter, 
 Peilier. How 
 ■^ 'ind pancgv- 
 added a grave 
 
 experience, 
 IS Fouquet in 
 nt of the same 
 
 1 low labourer 
 '"•It he might 
 (•<i'>n, (hat no 
 
 ( 13 ) 
 
 sooner had he conreiviMl a now iiiei), than he liuiiicd with im- 
 pressible desire to communicate it to his pupils. Jii.s lectures 
 were admirably adapted to nvet the attention and inllame the 
 enthusiasm of an ingenuous audience, lie wa^ ever conversing 
 with his students, comparing their various notions, and detecting 
 the sources of tJH'ir diUHuIties. 
 
 Montpellicr was thus distinguished when anoflier name added 
 yet more brilliancy to its surgical instructions — Lalli luand, young, 
 ardent and intellectual, thirsting f()r lame, and delcrniinod to make 
 the most of evei-y llecting hour, gave additional impulse to tin; 
 healing art in this favoured city. 
 
 Lallemand's devotedness to his profession is the mirror 
 into which every >itudent of this now miulical school ougiit un- 
 ceasingly to gaze. It was to him a labour of love, to (rim the 
 midniglit lamp in his uninterrupted researches, and in extending 
 the domain of true surgery . This exlraoidinary young man knew 
 that facts are the food o( science ; and, to the extent, (hat these are 
 accumulated and digested, so will science be nourished. Let the 
 same ambition, the same love of distinction and applause, which 
 distinguished this indefatigable youth, distinguish you, and llu; 
 fruit will inevitably be, that of enabling you to look with a spirit 
 of emulous fellow feeling, instead of the despicable vice of envy, 
 
 ever indicative of the sluggard. 
 
 »iXL4« 
 
 Having now sketched the chief pi-ogressive improvements 
 of medical science in continental countries, we now advert to the 
 moditications and improvements of it in the British Isles. 
 
 It was long a subject of pain rather than of envy, to contrast 
 the condition of continental and British iredicine. 
 
 The long withheld protection of the government in favour of 
 tlie profession, and conseciucnlly of its pr-ofessional members, was 
 the wonder and alfected pity of foreign practitioners. It was only 
 
( 11 ) 
 
 wlicn unhunleneJ lV.,m tl,c load olpubli.; prejudices, iiud orroucous 
 
 opinions, tl.at Us inhcrenl energies were pi.rtially unlbUered. It 
 
 istl.e:.rovince only of an intelleclnal age and an intellectual 
 
 p()|)ulation, to make public institutions minister to more exalted 
 
 functions. In n.. country in Europe would you more frequently 
 
 <l<an m the United Kingdom, l.ave beard (hat "public hospitals 
 
 m-e not sclumis of medical knowledge, nor intended as the sources 
 
 o( medical instruction, but establishments for the exercise of (hat 
 
 knowledge in relieving human su(rerin<r." 
 
 By such narrow minded views was the only royal road Icad- 
 mg to the principles of true experience, barred, against (ho advan- 
 cement of sound practical and educational medicine. 
 
 Of the early fathers of our profession in Britain a few ncces- 
 saiily brief sketches must suifice. 
 
 In (he beginning of the Mth century, medical science, as well 
 as every o:her department of knowledge, was m the most dec^raded 
 condition in the British Isles. The light of science, which had 
 dawncti upon the Southern climes, had not yet reached the remote 
 shores of Britain. 
 
 _ Yet, one name, even then, eminent as a physician, entitles 
 bun to a place in the early annals of British medicine,— Gilbert, 
 surnamed Anglicanus, the contemporary of Mondini. Though' 
 as is to be looked for, he possessed little philosophical research, or 
 of real science ; yet the defect of his principal work, « Medicina; 
 Compendium," must, in fairness, be asciibed to the aoe, and to the 
 country in which he lived. The description which he gives of 
 some diseases, proves that, under more favourable circumstance, 
 he was capable of exercising a correct judgment, and would have 
 excelled in (he art of making observation: 
 
 At a very conside.ablc distance from the days of Gilbert 
 wlioi. the principles of induction were leading (he minds of men 
 
 
( 15 ) 
 
 s, iiud erroneous 
 unlettered. It 
 iui intellectual 
 Lo more exalted 
 nore frequently 1 
 Hiblic hospitals 
 d as the sources 
 exercise of that 
 
 lyal road lead, 
 linst the advan- 
 
 n a few ncces- 
 
 cicnce, as well 
 most degraded 
 ie, which had 
 led the remote 
 
 cian, entitles 
 ne, — Gilbert, 
 tii. Though, 
 1 research, or 
 , "Medicinae 
 ^c, and to the 
 he gives of 
 rcumstances, 
 I would have 
 
 of Gilbert, 
 linds of men 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 
 to larger and more eiilighloned views ; and tniili mid reason wore 
 beinf rescued from the bondage in which lliey had long been held, 
 Linacre, the founder of the Royal College of IMiysicians, claims 
 very honorable mention Linacre was a native of Canterbui}-, 
 and was, perha[)3, the most learned man of his time. lie had 
 studied eloquence at Bologna under Politian, one of the most 
 distinguished linguists of Europe. lie was the first Englishman 
 who read Aristotle and Galen in the original Greek ; and he 
 publicly taught that language in the University of Oxford. He 
 estahlished lectures on physic, in both Universities, and at the 
 time of his death, was president of the College, which owed its 
 foundation to his liberality. 
 
 The honor of being the founder of anatomical science in 
 Britain is due to Dr. John Calus or Cay, the intimate friend of 
 Vesalius, the restorer of anatomy in Europe, with whom (,'aius 
 was a fellow-lodger, while i)ursuinj: his studies in the then cele- 
 brated University of Padua. It is an honor to our profession, that 
 we can claim some of its members as the early promoters of gene- 
 ral learning. Though an Englishman, Dr. Caius read lectures 
 on Aristotle, in the Paduan University, and in no small degree 
 promoted tlie cause of litteraturc in the University of Cambridge, 
 where a college, extended by his generosity, is still called after his 
 name. He is endeared to the profession, however, by other remi- 
 niscences. It was the fashion in !iis day to follow the pur- 
 suits of knowledge in foreign lands; but Caius, after his return 
 from Italy, imbued with the ardent spirit of enquiry, and enlight- 
 ened by the lamp of science, which had lately been kindled in that 
 country, taught anatomy to British students in their own Hall, 
 during the lengthened period of 20 years, and laid tliat foundation, 
 to which we can trace the glory and discoveries of Harvey. 
 
 To Glisson, whom Boerhaave calls " the most accurate of 
 anatomists ;" to Lower, the daring and original experimenter of 
 transfusion ; and to Willis, the first classifier of the cerebral 
 
( \G ) 
 
 •'•■rvos, .-, nam,, hns 1....,.,, m..,uirecl which is incorporated with 
 (lie MioiKc they tiiught. 
 
 Wk now ai.pnKi.h h ilh rovo.oiire to him, who, in the fi^,,. 
 rat.ve hmo-n.-.e of the Latin inscription upon his n.arhh. bust, Jye 
 motion to ,h. h,...Hl, .ncl origin to animals ; an.I, ,., whom ha been 
 concede.! by universal consent, the cognomen of " Immortal." 
 
 After being educalr.l in the same citv that gave birth to the 
 learned Lmacre, Willian. Harvey, according to .I,e then pr "■ 
 i"g custom, fixed himself in the University o7p,dn.. ZlT. 
 
 ;-'-enithof.tsmodica,nnne,and^:^th;C^ 
 
 > oung man, was created Doctor of Physic and Surgery ^ 
 
 In the year 1C15, after the foundation of the Lumleian I ec 
 -es, arvey's fame pointed him out as the fittest p on to' 
 . ohver t em ; and here in 1C16, he first opened his dis' " of 
 
 ana widch others had .nown to ta.ep,a^i:::~^^^ 
 
 But it was reserved for this remarkable man to prove bv 
 
 «.rnp e and satisfactory experiment, even to the most Tnrrn ,' ^ 
 
 m.nds, that the blood not only tra;ersed, bu i^cu t d tf »' 
 
 every p..t of the body, by means of an ad^ir ,1 T^^ lltm't 
 
 which the existence of man denends lU rnli '.''"S^'"^"'' «» 
 
 traction and dilatation of the t ihe ^^ ^'J;;;:^ ''] '^ 
 
 recopaon into the puhnonary veins; its L^X/ l^^'riic'^ 
 
 t.sben.g propelled through all the arteries of the bo^y andlt^ 
 
 bemg returned by the veins. ^ ' ' '^^ 
 
 So clearly were the whole phenomena understood bv b.m 
 and perspicuously explained, that though he wr'; colilr T ' 
 -re than 200 years ago, this function has never ince^ej^^^^^^^^ 
 aown with more elegance, simplicity and truth. 
 
corporntcd witli 
 
 ( n ) 
 
 The structure or tho heart nffordca to Harvey acUlitlonal 
 prool of his iloctrino. Ho nskud, of what utility wouKl be the 
 valves, that are situated about its orilico, and, fur what reason 
 some should open inwards, from without, and others outwards, 
 from within. Because, ho answcriMl, that the formor facilitate tho 
 entrance of tho blood into the heart, and prevent its exit ; and 
 the latter permit the passage of tlu; blood out of the heart, and 
 prevent its return. I merely mention this to shew the decisive 
 and plain manner in which he elucidated all his piopositions, and 
 the interesting conclusions he drew fiom each of them. 
 
 The variety of his experiments on animals were innumerable. 
 The human subject, dead or living, lie investigated, studied every 
 function and disease that related to the properties of the blood, 
 and being endued with invincible perseverance, solid judgment, 
 and profound knowledge in the dilVercnt departments of medicine, 
 he could scarcely fail of success. 
 
 Possessed of true philosophical indifTorcnce, both in regard 
 to wealth and fame, and disregarding the ridicule and the taunts 
 of the ignorant and dogmatic, his own genius inspired Iwm with 
 confidence : and he rested his future fame on the surest oi all 
 foundations— THE Eternitt; of Truth. 
 
 Harvey modestly spoke of his own merits, and always can- 
 didly of those of others. His controversial antagonists he treated 
 with the language of moderati(m and civility. How dilTorent 
 was their language towards him ! It is difiicult, at tins distant 
 day, to deci.lo whether many of his most eminent proiess.onal 
 opponents display more of unpardonable and unreasonable seep- 
 ticism than ignorance of the subject in dispute. Blinded with 
 zeal in defence of preconceived opinions, hallowed by antiquity, 
 and jealous of the fame of his extraordinary discovery ; their 
 rage and opprobrious language knew no bounds. On the other 
 hand, the mildness of Harvey merely observed " that it were 
 
""' '" ""-" "l-enuions of nafure "'"'"''''' "" 
 
 cino 1! ''''''™ '"'y nm If ■ ,,''"' w'nclj no evil 
 
 '^^^ on,:;;:'";:'''' """ '"""-of c:;'' •■""" "'"y 
 
 ^«"'>' ^-nsmutosthe L.Js of e'er! •'^'^ ^^^^'- 
 
\ ^^'" find a God, 
 '^^ «n.i.s hand." 
 "^""n<' vencnuion 
 >^v lie ascribed all 
 
 o"!^'it under your 
 
 ''^ ''''>'S .'tN in (|,e 
 ;"^^^J 'i^-'I^i, in(o 
 ' ^n^y, },j,(red, 
 ^'^«'' of ancient 
 *'''«'»"s, as,inst 
 '^' P'actitioners. 
 ' earnestness of 
 f'^'f '«nd infe- 
 wljich no evil 
 fu'ion of inedi- 
 "■« more JifceJy 
 *^'"n; U],J,oM 
 i^ ^o ["-ostitufo 
 ^ self interest. 
 
 ■'"^cJi of these 
 'ose of a sti- 
 "'''^'-'y claim 
 "ents, of the 
 
 ^eJy devoted 
 
 ^y exan-jple 
 
 t'f medica/ 
 
 'Jie obser- 
 
 '«nce, and 
 
 ( ly ) 
 
 leiuls to the demonstration of trulli. He hnt; I «en styled the 
 Hippocrates of England, and in ninny l>arts ihcy agree, l>otlj in 
 general character, and tlieir miulu of vicwini; (lie operations of 
 the animal Iramo. lint, above all, they at;rec in not permitting 
 speculative opinions, respecting tlio nature or cau3C of disease, to 
 interfere with the treatment. 
 
 Sydenham carelully observed tlio operation of remedies on 
 the symptoms, and tliiis he discerned (rutii by interrogating nature. 
 Ho accommodated his theory to tho fact?;, and not facts to his 
 theories. He was instructed alone iiuou-j,h the mcv^inm of his 
 senses, and received onlv, with acknowledgement, the systems 
 that nature proved. 
 
 He perused and appreciated the great masters, and profited 
 by their truths, without espousing tlieir errors. Endowod by 
 nature with a gift, without wlilch genius is a curse, ho lisi-ned, 
 he studied, he observed, witlia//eni ion, vigorous, uninterrupted 
 attention. 
 
 He knew that in medicine no faul's are slight ; that to avoid 
 error, and accjuirc positive knowledge, ho m\ist be attentive. If 
 in the study of your profession you wish to rise to eminence, and 
 become benefactors to your species, then you cannot be too soon 
 convinced of the necessity of attention. An inattentive physi- 
 cian in serious disease has much to answer for. 
 
 It has been more from necessity than choice, that we have 
 been obliged to pass over the illustrious names of many conti- 
 nental luminaries, including Pincl, Broussais, Laennoc, Bayle, 
 and a host of others, forming a distinguished band of pathologists ; 
 as also, Bichat, Cuvier and Majendie, and many more, whose 
 laurels, in the department of physiology, have been richly earned, 
 all indeed forming an illustrious assemblage of medical philo- 
 sophc .. 
 
( 20 ) 
 Tiiii! same necessity will compel iis to trn«t .„ 
 
 .«.|h.nv™ ,„„„ „„:,•„„,, „f „,:„ ir, : r:;-"- 
 
 The genius „f Join, Ifiinicr, |,„„„.or .„r„rp i- „ • 
 
 -re, in „„ „,«n...,,„ ,„. ,„„ „„,,„,, ,„:':;;„::i:[:::3. "^ 
 
 For nn encourntiemcnt and o\;inn)?f> ir^ <i 
 
 '"^ <i,„t wo nmy form an estimate of ,he difficultip. tl,. i 
 encounter ;m.l nf (I. • "uucuiiiei. they hml to 
 
 "'iitr, .md ol tlic improvements ih j ciYnclal 
 
 . JoMN Hunter, at tlie mature a.'c of ^0 vrn.c -i 
 "-;e,l e,l„„,i„n, .e, out for Lorulo^; „;■/,; " " "? 
 Wolhor VV;Ni„,„, ,|,e„ „„ eminent enche ^ , ™ '" 
 
 c^im..!. ile .„o„ sl„.„,„l i„ |,i.s l,r„.l,er' 1,° , " "^ '" ""' 
 '"-' ^.len,», „n,,, I.ein,. „„ „ee,.n„e ol / T ' J^,:'-"'^ 
 t'le penctrat n<r Ambrnsp p..,., r ii i . "'""'p> 'le, liko 
 
 -cident, „e converted;:;::;:::, ^^^uiii;" ''-''-'''' --^ 'y 
 
 J^-nvn cases of tl.o great discoverer of the Am He I r • ' ''^ 
 fsr,Lso of Franklin, uho h,oked up with brn. M ^'"'"'"^"N 
 
 ^^-"« ' i' i.is experiments in ele trTciU T rf """'*^ *° '^' 
 
 common . i. tLse ,11,, f ''"'^'"^">; J*'''" Hunter must, in 
 
 ti/ying ddi,. '"'"''•""^"^"^^^''^'''ve enjoyed the most gra. 
 
 extensive, h;Sd'a.:!"'^ ,''''' ^^ '^ '^'' '^'^P'^^^''^ ^-^'^'^ ^'ero 
 ' '^^-> ^..'^^ <-rig,nal, an., prove how deep must have been 
 
 m 
 ^ 
 
'■''at, in a manner 
 ious men of the 
 ''0 United States 
 
 ill of enthusiasm, 
 is «loser\ing of 
 'ssing remark. 
 
 younsr student, 
 hose memory is 
 
 who have done 
 
 tlioy sot out in 
 
 lies they had to 
 
 r^'", with a very 
 »(ion from his 
 iitomy in that 
 'ic superiority 
 '•'"If, he, like 
 )'e ol'a master, 
 nted, even by 
 
 ' drawn fronj 
 ! in the v* .'I 
 1 Continent, 
 nxiety to the 
 er must, in 
 lie most gra. 
 
 system were 
 !♦ have been 
 
 ( 21 ) 
 
 his anatomical and physiological knowledge. Abstract and spe- 
 culative opinions lu kuowr nothing of; he studied fiicts. 
 
 The esti ,iiun of i i world, and success in it, are sure to 
 follow those V ' i», HI c Hunter, enjoy the consciousness of having 
 act')d tluMr part well. They will deserve the gratitude of poste- 
 rity, aud, ihough they may lie unable to l.-avo behind them such 
 magnifitent monuments of genius and indefatigable industry, as 
 the subject of our brief memoir, they will be erablcd, in tho 
 latest day of life to say with the learned Ciiesstdden, and tho 
 classical and profound Pott " my lamp is nearly extinguished, I 
 hope it has burned for the benelit of others." 
 
 Truth now stalked with, gigantic strides. The 18th cen- 
 tury dispelled the superstitious reverence which prevcniod iho 
 dead from being scrutinized for the benefit of the living, and 
 pathology was brought nearer to perfection, by a more intimate 
 knowledge of organic change. 
 
 The amiable and gentle Mead, the clear and comprehensive 
 iud.'ment of Gresvory, one of the most distinguished ornaments of 
 his°pr*>f<^ssi""> Baillie, whose ample converse with the wonderful 
 works of his Creator inspired him with admiration of the Sui)remo 
 Bein<T and who looked to the promis..; ol the Gospel, on the con- 
 ditions explained by the Redeemer, as his bumble, but confident 
 hope io life, and bis consolation in death ; the Monro's, whose 
 well ui^cplined minds stamped them as men of refined taste, 
 sound knowledge, and indefatigable research. 
 
 Heberden, who, like Timothy, from his early youth, enter- 
 tained a deep sense of religion, a consummate love of virtue ; 
 andi whose earnest desire it was to promote the happiness and 
 welf\ue of mankind, who, after passing an active lite with the 
 testimony of a good conscience, became a distinguished example 
 of its influence in the cheerfulness and serenity of its latest age. 
 
p. 
 
 (22) 
 
 col«halo,„|,i,,., ™„ II Lie LI'"' '"'""' '"'"'"'"• "f 'h. 
 
 evorv l,„,„„„ ,,.,s,i„„ „,„ i„-,„'„;t ™i vw, °, , "="'°''' ''™ 
 
 wl», wi.l, ,l,c calm ,ll..„i,r „ nl r 'i ,''™''' "'""'' >»" 
 
 P-»rvi„,, i„,„„, „,. ,,;.,„,„(,„.;'"''; «""» '" saving a„,l 
 
 -onr;:;;t::s,a~::,*7-' -^ -■- 
 
 a new settlement. The ponnl.dnn , ''''"' comparatively 
 
 «'-aH,t,.e,^a.comJI:::::;-;;^---^an^ 
 wh.ch many superstitious notions ref Z', "'"'"''"' '" 
 P'-ogre.s., or, in the least de^reeXnoe t • *■'''"*' ''" ^^''S'^*^^' 
 
 Cc'ee cJ.anoc their antiquated doctrines. 
 
 Towards the middle of fho iQfi 
 »f li»..i an,l Jri,lak.,„„ 1; ■°i'„!''',r"'-''' >:= "'«> the names 
 
 The names of Shinnen in,' at 
 as .l,e founders of aJZ^^" 1^° '.f ™""y ™""cc,o,, 
 ^cvorance, ,l,ev cause,! (he fir ^y i'"'"- genius an,l per- 
 
 flow ,l,r„ugi, o;e,y slale 0^1,0^111™°' ""'™'' '"' ''""^'"'S'' '<" 
 
 ^onoM:::;?::,:''';::"';;;.:;';;;'^'-'., « .«..e i,,a. „.„„,,, „„ 
 
 ■>• «.isllie H,i>,,„,:rate a„,| Sj,,e„|,„„, „,• 
 
( 23 ) 
 
 roaming injian 
 'labitant of the 
 f tliat inestima- 
 lonthsome and 
 ti aguinst him 
 '<J excite, but 
 plendid career 
 i^^ry the digni- 
 bo ignorantly 
 no stain upon 
 in Abernetliy 
 f? upon H as a 
 in saving and 
 'at names are 
 ontribufed to 
 
 "f medical 
 >mparatively 
 ttercd, and, 
 n an age, in 
 the slightest 
 ;<1 doctrines. 
 
 iJ the names 
 r extended 
 
 connected 
 us and per- 
 nvledge to 
 
 would ih 
 ienham of 
 
 America. Deeply impressed witli (he aphorism, that life is short 
 and art is long, hn wasttd no time in idle and iiprorilchle amvise- 
 ments. All that was attractive in life to him, was the studying, 
 the teaching, and the practising of his proH'ssion. 
 
 No one knew belter than Dr. Uiish, that nature docs not 
 allow herself to ho understood without perseverance and patient 
 importunity ; and that she will yield to varied elVort and incessant 
 pursuit. 
 
 Possessing in a high degree the talent of observation, dilTi- 
 culties neither repulsed nor disiieartened him. He never allowed 
 himself to be discouraged, knowing that time was protitably em- 
 ployed, when spent in the search of truth. 
 
 Permit me, further, to recommend this great and good man 
 to the imitation of the youthful student, lie was punctual in all 
 his engagements, a pattern of temperance, and regular m all hifi 
 habits. 
 
 He was an early riser, and devoted those sacred hours to 
 study, which too many devote to the lowest oi all animal grati- 
 fications. 
 
 He was remarkable for his kindness to the poor, knowing 
 
 that therein, he lent to the Lord. 
 
 When departing from life, which he had spent in a continued 
 series of good offices to man, his last words to his son were " Be 
 indulgent to the poor." 
 
 Let the virtues aud the virtuous conduct of these eminent 
 members of the profession you have chosen, distinguish you, and 
 your latter end will be like theirs. 
 
 Thb names of American citizens in connectlcm with every 
 
 department of medicine, distinguished for their talents, learnmg 
 
 and piety, and devoted to the good of their country, and the best 
 
 '" interests of their fellow men, would be a hopeless task, barely to 
 
 enumerate. 
 
( 24 ) 
 
 In no country, will you find members of the healing art, 
 cither those who have adorned, or who now adorn, its medical 
 annals, more distinguished for their love of truth ; or who seta 
 higher value upon the diligent and profitable employment of time, 
 than in the United States of America. 
 
 =©3=-- 
 
 Ha vmo already taken up so much of your time, it only 
 remains, thnt I take a cursory view of Canadian Medicine, me- 
 dical men, and the Medical Institutions of Canada, and finally 
 close with a few words addressed to the professors and students 
 of this New Medical School, 
 
 If it is pleasing to look at the present accelerating progress 
 of medical institutions of this colony, as in the founding of the 
 McGill College, of Montreal, the Montreal School of Medicine 
 and Surgery, the Medical Faculty of King's College, Toronto, 
 the various INIedical Societies, in Canada East and West, and I 
 may add, the publication of medical journals ; there is also much 
 in the past, that must not be left unnoticed. 
 
 In the beginning of the 17th century, the country in which 
 we live, was an obscure corner in the Creator's empire. The 
 Indian roamed through ;lie wilds of which our city and its imme- 
 diate dependencies formed a part. Throughout the breadth and 
 length of our land, terror, misery, and destruction seemed to have 
 leagued together ; and we, that peacefully occupy the site of the 
 wigwams of Stadacona, some endeavouring to extend and com- 
 municate useful knowledge ; others carrying out those grand 
 diffusive principles whicli make the mighty ocean, the rolling 
 river, and the other numberless ramifications, which every day, 
 and on every hand, are manifested, contribute to the happiness of 
 every social circle, and all, in our dillerent spheres, assisting in 
 kindly offices of soothing distress and mutually exchanging senti- 
 
 I 
 
ealing art, 
 its medical 
 r wlio set a 
 nt of time, 
 
 me, it only 
 licine, me- 
 md finally 
 [1 students 
 
 ; progress 
 ling of the 
 Medicine 
 I Toronto, 
 est, and 1 
 also much 
 
 ' in which 
 ire. The 
 
 its imrae- 
 readth and 
 od to have 
 site of the 
 
 and com- 
 3se grand 
 he rolling 
 I very day, 
 ppiness of 
 isisting in 
 ;ing senti- 
 
 ( 25) 
 
 either by the rav^o.s wolves „ '•= f"^^»';„„,n,g f..r 0.c,r fr^V- 
 
 S„0»»fccr U,o ,e,-,oa a„ovo --^^^t ^i; ,h» -,lo.s 
 „„ arose, U,uler ,l,e l.em.na.. sp.ru o. ^.^^ ^^^^^,^^ , 
 agitation of malisnanl l.ass»>"s l>»"'»") ; ., ^,,,,„j„l for 
 
 .fr,e„e,l, a,„l U.e l,a»le axo of ..,e -;" „ Ji„,,c„e»ablo 
 
 the axe of ihe wood cutter, ,i. cleating 
 
 M.« of the pVysica, ev s -' -''^j^'';, „„,„,ies of the 
 fellow, ■..,. .n to he ■--' »- f ' 'l^' ' ;4„„„ and tender„e« of 
 
 .he kiod and fos.ertng hand of temaU ^^^^ ^^^_ 
 
 W. petuse history, and adn-ire ^^ --l ^,,^ '^^^^ „t 
 
 Wtan heroes. Bo. ^^"^^X^^^^ "'««"' ""' '^ 
 
 .langhtered nat.ons wh.le n Jw^ ^,^^,^^ „ „t.ent,on for 
 
 restoration of moral order We les „„sengers, vho, 
 
 a moment, to the labours of asoae.y o an, ^^.^.^_^ 
 
 forsaking U.e land of !>- ' * ™ .„ „, general gootl « *» 
 
 France, fearWy devoled }^'^^^\ „„i,,, foundations of the 
 
 inhabitants of the d,s.r,c.,.njh^^^^^^ ^_^__^^^^, ,„„ piaoed. 
 
 H6tel-Dieu of Quebec, Three ,,.ablishments 
 
 T„. ladies formin, the -3;;^;:'.:canada, and ,n .640 
 „ere the earliest d.spensers o ^^l „,,, ,„»„ ,„«, wa, 
 
 and 1643, whenthat »™"Se°f *"''„„„ and deltca.e female. 
 Ling with uncommon vtrulence, these you ^^^__^.^^^ ^^_^^ 
 
 distinguished their successors up to th,s ^^^^^ 
 
> 
 
 ( 26 ) 
 
 Jl" every other instidition in our land, for the relief of human 
 suffering, were comluctcd with the s^me sacred regard to the 
 conjfort of Its inmates, we should indeed be an example to others. 
 
 I may be allowed to close this humble but just tribute, by 
 an anecdote connected with the Hotel-Dieu of this City. Last 
 seuson, while accompanying an eminent physician of the United 
 States, round the various wards, I observed him going about 
 from place to place, with his eyes fixed upon the ground, appa- 
 rently in a meditative mcod; and on questioning him as to the 
 subject of his rellections, " I am looking" says he, " for one dirtv 
 spot ! !" ^ 
 
 The nuns were assisted in process ot time by a Sieur 
 Giffard, who was succeeded by M. Jean Madry, a medical prac- 
 titioner of that incorporation, calh.d Barber Surgeons. Two bun- 
 dled years have now elapsed since he came to this country, com- 
 missioned by the Court of France, and armed with full powers to 
 name his deputies in the profession, consequently, little beyond his 
 name and the extraordinary powers of his commission, have come 
 down to our day, with the exception of his death,— being drowned 
 on In^^ way to Montreal. In 1G84, a french frigate arrived at 
 Quebec, having on board I'Abbe de St. Valiere, and many persons 
 of distinction, besides troops and recruits. She was to such an 
 extent infected with sickness, that all the accommodations of the 
 H6tel.Dieu wherever a bed could be placed were put in requisi. 
 tion. Fever, with delirium, petechia, and a scorbutic atTection 
 of the gums, were the princij.al symptoms. Opening the temporal 
 artery, early in the disease, was found, by th. medical attendants 
 as the most successful of all the remedial measures tried. ' 
 
 In 1700, an epidemic resembling the influenza of the present 
 day, raged with uncommon virulence, and carried off many of the 
 aged, and among others, M. Rousselle, the physician of the 
 H6lel.D.eu, a man of great ability, and who had for many years 
 filled with credit, that important office. 
 
 f 
 
 V 
 
 I 
 
if of human 
 ;ard to the 
 le to others. 
 
 tribute, by 
 )ity. Last 
 the United 
 ing about, 
 ind, appa- 
 ll as to the 
 : one dirty 
 
 V a Sieur 
 ical prac- 
 Two hun- 
 itry, coin- 
 powers to 
 -X'yond his 
 lave come 
 f drowned 
 arrived at 
 ly persons 
 
 such an 
 )ns of the 
 n requisi. 
 
 atTection 
 temporal 
 tendants, 
 
 ) present 
 nyofthe 
 
 1 of the 
 y years 
 
 C 27 ) 
 
 r:::r:Lnt',i;: s l. ,.«.«. i'--. >--"- °- 
 
 all, iD this cily, is ll«ir res«"S P'""- 
 
 ,» niO avcs.cl called Z," Belie Bmnc, arrived at Que- 
 bec, ii^iiron -o-' »-"- r^"i::'t::::'r:.;,i-d 
 
 called (a «»'»rf« ''-''•""'V\'''""tv ve'so nled U.e OH- 
 i„. 0,e eolony s„,^ year, e or, hy -,so, ^^^^.^^^^^^^ _^ 
 
 ^ammc. Inboll. mslances," „u„l,crir,g among Us 
 
 colonists, and commmcd lea.f 1 'J "^ :;.,;,,„ic,„elvo priests 
 victims, during tl,e existence of .1,= '» ' ^^"^"^^^ ^„,„ '...ide- 
 „„d six n„ns, Frotn all tl.at •■'■; l;» '^^ _f j^ ^ ,„,„, of las. 
 
 season, .ledging also 'O""';':'""''" '; conclude, that in 
 „i„ered consolation to '''-<;»''';?': fj^:^ J?, , heir duty, to 
 
 „,„» days, ''-Y': rof''th ir h e . rlo periled their lives, 
 
 the distinguished /cal oi uit i 
 
 i„,Wa- attendance on the enugrants of 1847. 
 
 • ■ r rv, nl.l France, \vho attended the HOtel- 
 The first physician from old 1 ranee n ^^^ 
 
 Dien^^as, le Si^ur Gt.Tard ^--^Z;^:'.^, respect- 
 Dr,D6„ee!.aud,the ff'-'-^l^^l, Cy' l)r. Den^- 
 ,Me family of "»\»:™';'^;"'y:^u nd winning addtess, «ho 
 chaud was a man of f^VlZs under his care, and possessed 
 
 P«„„ the middle, to the end o^^thel^;. cord,,.. *e^^^^^ 
 
 clpal physicians in tins cty were D,s. ., , , „„„,,,e, Ust 
 
 Beaumont, Lapane, Lajus, ""> ^ • ^ „;„„ „t Dr. Dinc- 
 andSuzor; some of whose d dm ,;U _^__^^ ^^^^^^^^^^,^ 
 chaud, oocupy a prominent place a.T,.. 
 citizens of Lower-Canada. 
 
fi 
 
 *.\ 
 
 ( 28 ) 
 
 noted those ofDr.Nooth, head of the army medical department 
 in 1793, who accompanied Lord Dorchester to Canada, and 
 who was distinguished for his high professional character, 
 together with the names of Davidson, Longmoore, Fislier, Hohnes, 
 Buchanan, Cocklurn, Lloyd and others. ( Vide Appendix. ) 
 
 For many years after the conquest the principal practice 
 MVas in the hands of the military medical officers who acted in 
 douhle capacity of military and civil practitioners, more particu- 
 larly among the families of British origin. 
 
 The first board of medical examiners was established about 
 1794, under the ordinance lately superseded by the foundation of 
 thecolleg(Mif physicians and surgeons of Lower Canada, the 
 govetnorlof wl.ich, now from the pnivincial medical Board, its 
 members were Drs. Fisher, Lajus, Foote and Oliva. 
 
 It may be lemaikod of Drs. Longmoore and Holmes that 
 they were the first two english practitioners aitached to the Hotel- 
 Dieu, and the first to admit students, natives of Canada, into their 
 offices. 
 
 The last military gentleman I shall name, whom the profes- 
 sion as well as the public, held in high and deserved estimation, 
 as a scliolar, physician and philanthropist, was Ur. Skey, the 
 then inspector general of military hos[>itals. 
 
 Among the leading native members of the profession in the 
 early part of this century, who have now gone to their account. I 
 may mention D^s. Menard, F. Bhuuhet, Labrie, Metcier, P. De 
 Sales, Laterriere, Hall, Holmes, Perre:.ult, Tes.sier, Fargucs, and 
 others, all of whom had finished their education in Euiope, or in 
 the United-States. Vide Apendix. 
 
 Gentlemen, I do no more than justice to the present Me- 
 dical Faculty of Quebec, as a body, when I state, that they are not 
 lurpassed on this continent, for their skill in Medicine, Surgery 
 
 Ir 
 
 A* 
 
( 29 ) 
 
 department 
 anada, and 
 character, 
 3r, Holmes, 
 tendix.) 
 
 lal practice 
 rhn acted in 
 )re particu- 
 
 ished about 
 lundation of 
 r anada, the 
 1 Board, its 
 
 iolmes that 
 o the Hotel- 
 a, hito their 
 
 n the profcs- 
 
 estimation, 
 
 . Skey, the 
 
 ession in the 
 r account. I 
 iicier, P. De 
 Fargiics, and 
 Euiope, or in 
 
 present Me- 
 t they are not 
 mc, Surgery 
 
 *■ 
 
 A* 
 
 and Obstetrics ; and, lam proud to add, for their strictly tempe- 
 rate habits. 
 
 Gentlemen, those among you, who are to occupy the hono- 
 rable position of Professors in this Medical School, pursue with 
 ardour and constancy every discovery after truth. The basis on 
 •which rests the glory of Medical Professors both in ancient and 
 modern times, is the sterling truth of their obst-ivation*!. Never 
 employ your talents in aggranrlizing visionary hypotheses. As 
 truth alone is abiding, it is not merely the duty of every Medical 
 Professor, but it is his greatest glory, to declare it. Be systema- 
 tic, patient, and attentive, and clear in all your statements of 
 particular facts. Be affable, yet dignified. Leave notliing unat- 
 tended to, that will promote the acquisition of true experience 
 among those unde' your tuition and direction. 
 
 Gentlemen students, T have, in my past statements, anti- 
 cipated much of what I intended to say to you. The profession 
 you have chosen is one, in which many see, but they do not per- 
 ceive ; they hear, but they do not understand. It is not the 
 number of sessions you devote to j)reparatory medical studies, 
 which is to be the measure of your experimental knowledge. Tell 
 me if you spend your hours, as I have shewn you, that the young 
 and ardent Lallemand spent his ; and I will tell you the extent of 
 your knowledge. 
 
 To study your profession with advantage, have your minds 
 been improved by a sound education ? It cannot be pleaded with 
 excuse, in the cities and towns of this colony, that they do not, 
 at the present day, afford the most ample means of receiving an 
 elementary education, equal to that to be obtamed in Europe. 
 
 Unless your mind has been trained by a liberal education, 
 to observe, compare, and reflect, — unle-^s you are endowed with 
 the capacity of generalizing, nay, originating, and suggesting, 
 you will never attain to eminence, in your profession. 
 
( 30 ) 
 
 I 
 
 As kiiowledi^o is one of the main springs of virtuous con- 
 duct, I hope tlieir, you i)ave not ceased to profit by the general 
 dillusion of cicmontary instruction in the educational seminaries 
 of our land. 
 
 Your intellectual views will be expanded by the classical 
 and scientific foundation, you have laid while at school. No city 
 can afford to exact a higher standard of early mental cultivation 
 than that of Quebec. You possess tiie means of improvement in 
 modern hinguages, by the peculiar constitution of our society, 
 and the classical authors of antiquity are taught in our seminaries 
 of learning, with a success and discernment, which admirably fit 
 them for enlarging the capacities of the mind, stimulating its fa- 
 cullies, and producing rational enjoyment. 
 
 If this medical school is to become an ornament to the city, 
 and a blessing to the comiT unity, it must have for its object the 
 intercourse of *' mind with mind.'" 
 
 They deceive themselves wlio will not exact as high attain, 
 mcnts from every student, as his opportunities justify. My young 
 friends, spend your hours profitably, and you will soon possess 
 the experience of years. The most ample resources for obtaining 
 a complete medical education, equal in all the means of instruc- 
 tion, and superior in many, to any other institution on the Ameri- 
 can continent, will be here afforded. 
 
 It would be difficult fully to point out the opportunities of 
 professional improvement, in the study of physic and surgery, 
 from the countless accidents and diseases which fill the Marine. 
 Emigrant, and ilotel-Dieu hospitals of tliis city ; and of acquiring 
 the most valuable kind of knowledge which is afTorded by expe- 
 rience. 
 
 The progressive commercial importance and the local ad- 
 vantages of Quebec, as a sea port, visited annually by upwards 
 of 1 ,200 ships ; the peculiar (\icilities in medical and surgical 
 
 I,' 
 
 V 
 
 ,*1V«» 
 
 II 
 
( 31 ) 
 
 tuous con- 
 
 the general 
 
 seminaries 
 
 he classical 
 I. No city 
 cultivation 
 •ovc'irient in 
 )ur society, 
 • seminaries 
 Imirably fit 
 ating its fa- 
 
 to the city, 
 s object the 
 
 high attain. 
 My young 
 3on possess 
 or obtaining 
 s of instruc- 
 the Ameri- 
 
 )ortunities of 
 nd surgery, 
 the Marine, 
 of ticquiring 
 ied by expe- 
 
 I 
 
 practice in an hospital containing more than 300 beds, and recei- 
 ving during the period of navigation upwards of 1,500 patients, 
 the power of disciplining the cases and framing tiicm to obser- 
 vation ; of attaining a knowledge of maladies jmd carefully in- 
 vestigating the seat of disease and the organs alVeclod ; all these 
 are calculated to render this medical school, one of the very best 
 sources of knowledge in true surgery and clinical medicine. Nor 
 are the numerous and important operations in every department 
 of surgery, and the means of rendering them advantageous to the 
 student, alone to be regarded. The benefit arising from clinical 
 instruction in the Marine Hospital, in both the French and English 
 languages, as well as access to a library of the best standard me- 
 dical works, is a distinguishing feature' of the efficiency and 
 ability of the Quebec School of Medicine. 
 
 Gentlemen, I cherish the warmest sentiments of respect 
 for our projected school. As it is pre-eminent in local advantages, 
 I trust that patriotism, the love of science, public spirit, and the 
 general interests of learning, will hereafter stir up many of our 
 benevolent and wealthy citizens to appropriate a portion of their 
 wealth, in imitation of the late Mr. McGill, of Montreal, and of 
 the late Dr. Fargues, after his return from England, whose muni- 
 ficent bequest, if carried into effect, will more firmly found this 
 invaluable institution, that it may be the pride of our city, and of 
 medical science, and that we may not, in vain, have adopted the 
 motto on the circular of our medical school, — 
 
 f*ir€S acquirit eundo. 
 
 the local ad- 
 by upwards 
 ^nd surgical