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Rights and Pdffcffions of . ■ France. : ■..■.*>:■;';,•-: -^ ,, ■, . ^;' ^' " -i^ III* The Encroadiments and Dqpfedadda^^ of the French upon his Mq^'s Territories m l^orth- America, in Times when P^<;^ fiiB- '■^^^d in Europe between the Tv^€*own^ :^* > i N. ik ^bis Book has becii in fucH great Demand^ that it has had two Editions afready this Year in Engf^d,. and this is the fecond^tion in Bdfton. And by the b«ft Judges of the Affairs of this Country, it is thought to be pecuhVIy feaCbnable at this Time, arid is worthy the Pe- rufal'of every tru« £ngli(hman. ijl II llli'"Jll'il ^ L O N P O N, Printed xfss^ 'ItoltTON^-1 t » 7-5S' "•: I J '* Prefe The 1 ..J .■* ,..M- \ ,, vU *, •.' f- kA., >-. \ lufe^ in t1 \jS[orth'A\ \Polar a \land. 1 lall Land: (but they IThisDil |tothat o Icover th |i504be] In th< [without 7as deer lot imti |nor did [near a C jengaged iReforma . il6?&4^. »«aii,7^w»-t|t/>t •■^'•"■'' f t u '*^ytr.-'.-v- n-f up wui i wn ^r-""^"'^ THE Prelent State of North America. A p. I. The Difcovenes, RightSy and Pojfejions of Great-Britain. ;)90KH£ Cabots, with other Subjefts of fT)0( TYitCxovrnoi England^ did in 1496 North Ame- [^)0( and 1497 difcover and take poffef- rica Jirft difr fion of, according to the Forms convert J by tb* ufcd in thofe Times, all the Eafiern Coaft of EngliA. \}{orth-Jmericafrom Cape Florida to the North \Polar Circle^ for, and in the Name of, the Crown of Eng- \land. They had a Grant from the Crown of the Property of lali Lands they (hould difcover and fettle Wejlward of Europe \ [but they made no Settlements in confequence of that Grant* JTbis Difcovery of the Continent of North- America was prior [to that of any other Europeans \ for Co l u m b u s did not diir [cover thtljlands in xhtGulfof Mexico till 1498, and it was [1504 beforie the /r^wA difcovered any Part of North- Jmer tea* 'In thofe Days Priority of Difcovery, even Iwithout a continued Occupancy or Pofleflion, 7as deemed a good Claim. It is true, we did lot immediately make any Settlements there, Inor did we fo much as navigate the Coaft for [near a Century following, Henry the Vlllth being too much jengaged in the Difficulties which attended theProgrefsofthe iReformation, to be at leiiure for foreign Undertakings'; ' Edward Prior dijkd- *very a good Claim, J-?" (O Edwardtht VTth being a Minor ; Queen Mny being bent upon the Re-eftablifliment of Pcpery ; and Queen Elizabeth bcjing conftantly employed in guarding againft the Variety of Dangers to which the internal State of her oWn King- doms, the Power of the Crown of Spain^ and the general State of Europe^ expofed her But notwithftanding this In- attention to Ncrth-Jmericay and the little Regard England at firft ihewed to the Difcovery of the Cabots, I have ihewed it to have been the earlieft Difcovery made; nor can it be annulled by any fubfequcnt Difcovery pretended by any other Country, nor by a ne^e^ pf the Improvement of it on our own part. However, as fc^ral European Treaties have fmce been made, eftablifhing by Stipulation that flight acquired at firft by this Difcovery to great Part of North- America^ I fhall not dwell upon the Efl'eft of the Difcovery, as confirming a Right, but proceed to ftate the feveral Eu- ropean Treaties, fuice made, relative to this Country ; the Conveyances made to Great-Britain of Part of it by the Natives of the Country } the confequential Gi ants of the Crown^ and the Settlements made by his Majejif^ Subjects. In confequence of the Treaty of TJtrechu '[he Bounds of Commiffaries from the Crowns ofGrMt-Y^ Hudfon*sBay- Britain and France determined the Boundai Company's Ter- jjes of the Hudson's-Bay Company's Ter- 1 ^'^f^'" ^f^''' ritories, to be all that Country from the iatnedfyTrea- j^^^.^j^ p^^^ ^^ ^ ^.^^^-^ Promontory upon Or^;/*France. ^^^ Atlantic Ocean in N. Lat. 56' Degrees 30 M. to run S. W. to Lake Mijiafmy and from thence continued ftill S. W. to N. Lat. 49 D. and| from thence continued ftill S. W. indefiniteiv ; which S. W. Line takes in Part of Lake Superior, which is as large as the Cafpian Sea. Though the Sieur D'Jnville has in his I Map of Jmerica, publifhed in 1 750, unde^ the Dire^ionl and Authority pf the Government of France, marked the! South Boundary of the above Gvmpanyh TerHtories duel fypji frem the sbbve Promontoiy, which is fo far injurH ous. The 7hi Limiti of NewBri- tain or La- bradore ifot Jttthd by r Irtatyt and bit May Oft Right to that CoMUtrjf (3) The Limits of New-Britain, or itfirtf- dore^ are not on the South and Weft Sides nf- certained by any Tr'iaty between Great-Britain land France \ it being with the Remainder of XNorth' America^ the Boundaries whereof were lot fettled by the Treaty of Utrecht^ referred to Commijfaries of the two Crownsy who were in fettle all American Difputes, concerning Boundaries * and the Dominion of the Indians^ in twelve Months aftet the Ratifications of that Treaty were exchanged. CommiJJaries did aa^^^a^iMM* •>««^*M««i^M^i« ^iMtaa».«M««^ -a^mi^m^i^mmm ^^hmi^mw ■■■mbmw ^r^amm^^^mmm ^mammtmmmm^^ ^mmmamm^mi^ * Nothing can be more impolitic, when we are engaged in a ^Confederacy againft France^ than to leave any Point to be deter- ^mined after the Concliifion of a Peace : for if we cannot get it conceded while the Confederacy ftands and our Force it onited, how can we rbtain it when we are left alone upon the Diflfolnti- [on of the Confederacy ? The French have fo often experienced the Benefit of this Imprudence on our fide, that in i)l their Treaties they ufe every Arti6ce in their Power to obtain this Ad* [vantage, and they feldom mifs it. But when we recoHeA the [weak and traiterous Miniftry of this Country, who negociated the infamous Peace of Utrecht ^ we cannot wonder r.hat the Interefts of I Jmerica^ Sec. (hould be referred to Commijfaries after a Condafion [of a Peace. This Weaknefs and Treachery in our Managers of the rre :y of Vtretbt^ nuben it ivat in our Pomber to cofnmand our oivn Terms, has given Beirig and Support to mod of thf) Eviti [that bavefince happered \.\ Atnfricaht\9tttn us and lYit Frenrbt And one would have hoped, the ill Succefs of this Part of the Treaty of Utrecht woqid have deterred us from the like impoli- tic Condudt at the Treaty of /lix La Cbapelle, But no, the Neeef- \fity of our Situation fbtn obliged us to Juhmit to the fame Miftah oifce more, and we now fee and feel the Confequences of it. For ^ the French, refpfe to fettle any one Point in Dilpute with us, uolefa I upon fuch Terms as are abhorrent to our Honour and laterefl { fthey are conflantly committing 'Depredations on our Fellow- Sabjedls, and making Encroachments, on us in America^ and will not recede froiA any one of their Encroachmcmts, though hts ISfajeffi Claim to mod of che Territories they' have invaded is indifptttably jttft } and they have at laft pufhed AiFairs to fuch an Bxtremitjt, that a European Wai with them feems to be inevitabte. accordingly '^■v i /I n It.—- (*i % (4) accordingly meet at Sotjpms and Ctimhrayj but never fettled one Point relative to the Limits of North- Ammca^ and the Dominions of the Indians therein, except the Boundary of the Hudfiri S'Bay Company I have juft mentioned. But if I prior Difcovery and frequent Vilitation of a Country gives l^itle to it, we have an indubitable one to all that Country called New-Britain or Labradorcy extending Southward from the before mentioned Promontory in N. Lat. 56 D. 30 M. to the North Side of the Entrance into the Streights o{ Belle- JJley and from thence due Weft till it meet the Southern Boundary of Hudforfs-Bay Company's Territories. Though the French have been careful to colour the whole of this Country upon their Maps for themfelves. Three Years ago a Number of wealthy Merchants of the City of London peti- tioned for an exclufive Gr^nt of this Country, for a Number of Years, on Terms that would have been very beneficial to tlie Public, as well as themfelves. Their Petition was re- ferred to the Right Honourable Lords for Trade and Plantati- ensy who reported in favour of the Proje6^, and proved his Msjejiy^s Title to th^ Country ; but for political Reaibns it | was afterwards dropped. And fince that there have been feveral bolder Attempts than ever of private Traders, Subject of his Majeftyy to edablini Commerce yff\t\i ^t EJkimeaux Indians., who refide on and near the Sea Coaft of this Coun- try, which has from one End to the other been often explored y^y his Majefty^% Subjects ; but there never was ^ny Eftablifli- ment made in it by any European Nation ; for the Natives tiave an invincible Antipathy' to all Foreigners, and deftroy all thofethat happen to be wrecked on th^ir Coaft, or attempt | to trade with them, wjienever it is in their Power. By the; Treaty of Utrecht^ which in this re- 1 fpeft is confirmed by that of Jix La Chapelle, | Newfoundland was ced^d to Great- Britain, [ referving to the French, through the good Of- 1 ficers of our iniquitous Adminiftration in 1 7 1 2, 1 Liberty to vifit and to ere£t Huts and Stages I for drying Fifti from Cape Bonavifta to the Northernwft Point of the Ijlsnd, and fromj thence Newfound- land ceded to tfftCrotvn Of Preat Bri- taii|) by the freaty i\f ycrecbt. ( 5) ^T^^ Ithencc down the fpyiirn Side to the Point RUhe^ con-. » and the m^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ Treaty of Peace and Neutrality for Anur'tca R "r iconcluded in November 1656, between England ^nA France^. • i wherein it is ftipulatcd, that the Subjects of each Crown, ^*'^^«.?^!1! I are not to trade, fiih, or harbour ( except in Cafes of Diftrefs, to repair, wood and water ) in one another's Diftriifts.. nd there is inferted alfo a Claufe, in the 15th Artic!^ of lie Treaty of Utrecht with Spain, whereby a Pretence is. jvcn to the Spaniards to claim a Right to filh at Newfound', ^andy in dircft Contradidion to the 7th and 8th Articles o£ e Treaties madi with that Crown ia 1667 and I670^> hereby it is agreed that Great-Britain (hall enjoy for ever,, ith plenary Right of Sovereignty, all thofe Lands and Place* hatfoever, being or fituate in the Weji- Indies, or in any; art of America, which the Subjects of Great-Britain do at rcfent hold or poflefs. And that the Subje(Sls and Inhabi- ants. Merchants of the Kingdoms and Dominions of each nfederate refpe£lively, ihall forbear to fail and trade in th« brts and Havens which have Fortifications, Magazines, or are-houfes, and in all other Places whatfoever, poflcfled by the other Party in the fVeJi- Indies, or in any Part of Jme- rica. The Board of Trade being confulted on the 5^^- iards claiming a Right to fi(h at Newfoundland, returned the [following Anfvver to Lord Dartmouth, Secretary vof State, dated June 13, 1712. " We have confidered the Extrad^ of *' a Memorial from the Marquis de Montehn^ relating to a ^* Claim of the Inhabitants of Guypufcoa to filh on the Coafl *' of Newfoundland j and thereupon take leave to inform *' your Lordlhip, that we have difcourfed with fuch Perfons *' as are able to give Information in that matter ; and we ** find that fome Spaniards are come hither with Paffes from her AhjeJIy, and others may have fiflied there privately ; but never any, that we can learn, did do it as of Right be- longing to them. , By the A6t to encourage the Trade tp. Newfoundland, pafled in the Tenth and Eleventh of hi? late Majejiy, when we were in Amity and Alliance with *^ Spain, it is declared and enabled, " That no Alien or ** Stranger whatfoever, not refiding within the Kingdom of ^ " England^ Country ivard from D. 30 M. » 01 Belle- Southern Though le of this fears ago vndon peti- a Number eneficial to »n was re- / Plantati- proved his Reafons it | have been rs, SubjeiSb EJkimeaux this Coun- ;n explored Eftablifti- he Natives | deftroy all or attempt I • in this re- 1 ,a Chapelle, | at'Britain, \ i good Of- »nin 17 1 2, and Stages! i/Ia to the and from | thence tc 10 »ty ■■• f WOiwiUPill ijai ;>ai|i>wM I II ■■! xaiii ll l] vi (6 ) " Enghnd^ Dominion of fValciy or Town of Berwick upon ** Tweedy (hall at atiy time hereafter take Bait, or ufe any •* fort of Trade, or Fifbing whatever, in Newfoundland^ or ^* in any of the IJlandi adjacent.*' Piirfuant to which A£l ** Inftrudtions have been every Year given to the Commo- ** dores of the Convoys, to prevent Foreigners coming " thither." The Secret Committee of the Hovfe of Com- monsy in 1 7 1 5, confefs in their Report, that they were at a ]ofs to account for the Reafons that prevailed with the Mi- niftry to admit the Infertion of the above Article into the Treaty of Utrecht^ for the Management of it was intrufted with an Irijh Papiji who was fcnt to Spain for this Purpofe, and to negociate what was expected from that Crown relat- ing to the Pretender^ and no Papers concerning it were to be found in the public Offices. Upon the Foundation of the above Article in favour of Spain, we find Don Uztariz, h formerly Privy Counfellor to the King, and Secretary in the Coimfel and Chamber of the Indies in Spain, in his mofl ex- cellent Theory and Pra^ice of Commerce, &c. advifing the King his Mailer to avail himfelf of that Right whenever he has Power fufiicient to make good his Pretenfions. AcADi£, extending from the River of St. Lawrence to the River Pantagoit or Penobfeot, was not only firfl difcovered, but firil fettVed | by the Englijh ; for in 1602 we had, both by the Accounts of Englijh and French Hif- torians, a Settlement in that Country, which is two Years before ever a French Family | fettled in any Part of it, as appears from the fame Authority. In 1620 all that Part of Aadie as far as I the 48 D. of N. Latitude, was granted by the Crown to the Counfel of Plymouth or New-England, which Company l| (hall have further occafion to fpeak of. In 1621 the Council! of N^w-England refigned to the Crown all Parts of their Grant totheJViTr/Awtfr^of the River St. Croix, when it was' then granted with the reXkoiAcadie to Sir JVilliam Alexander, Secretary of State for Scotland, and called ^(Wtf-Sta/w. In I 1623 King Charles X\iQ \% marrying a Daughter of thel Frtnchi Acadie, or Nova Sco- iia eeeUil to Great -Bri- tain ify the 7rtaty of Utrecht. (7) \renc/j King, gave all JauIU or Nova- Scotia to FraHea 1627 it wiis taken fVoin the French by Sir David Kirk, 1632 it was again ceded to France by the Treaty of St. \ermain. In 1 654 6Vw-£«^/(^^\/, and ifirmed by the Treaties of Utrecht and Mx La Chapelle to Crown of Great- Britain^ " With its antient Boundi- fries, as alfo the City of Poit-Royaly as fully as ever Fravft }fre(red them by Treaty or other Means." jfFrom this Summat'y of Facls there cannot bb any Doubt Great- Britain s Right to the whole of the Country called \adie or Nova- Scotia. And as the Sovereignty and Fojpjpon lit has been fo often changed by Treaty and other Means» would have imagined it impofTible any Doubt could have )fe about the Extent of it. But it is certain that France ever fmce the Treaty of Aix La Chapelle infiftcd oft its ticnt Boundaries to have never extended beyond the South- }fijiem Peninfula, and have accordingly taken PoUeflion of the Country we claim as Jlcadie or Nova-Scotia^ except above Peninfula, which is not one third of the Country ^th Crowns always polilfll-d for Acadie or Nova-Scotia, he- re and fince its precilb Bounds were afcertained in confe- kence of the Treaty of Breda, as appears by both Englijk |d French Hiftorians, &c. though no Bounds were fexprefled [the Treaties of St. Germain and Breda. However, a Dif- te arifing in the Execution of the IVeaty of Breda^ a Dif» lion of its Limits enfued^ and it was then ftipulated by the ^o Crowns, that St. Lawrence River Jhould be its Northern ^undary, the Gulf cf St. Lavvrence and Str eight o/Csinfo its ^Jleruy Cape Sable-fliore its South- Eaftern, and the River . ita^c it its Wejlern* Which Limits Frame always poiTeiTed B *,;,:;: .r:.;?x.»' sj- ■ aS fl M ) . as Jcadicy and it ever retained down to the Treaties of Utreck\ and Aix La ChapelUy when it was confirmed to the Crownl of Great-Britain with its antient BuindaritSy as fully as eveA France poffejfed it ly Treaty or other Means, I Now to proceed regularly and clearly with rcfpe£t to hisl Maj£jiy\ further Rightjs in= North- Jmericay I muft flate lhe| Procefs of Grants, &c. > His Ma. ]t&y\further Right to all tb^ Country, from thi At- lantic to tht Pacific Or/'«», lying httioten H J>' ^ 45 D. N. Lat. Cabot's Grants being dropped. Sir JValA ter Raleigh did obtain of Queen Elixaleth in| 1584 a Patent for exploring and planting. Lands in North- Jmerica, not adually pof- iefled by any Qhrijlian Prince ; and when he 'j returned to England the next Year, the whole. Country irom Cape Florida to St. LaursmS River, which before went tinder the general^ Name oi Florida^ was called ^/r^iw'tf, in Hon4 our of the Virgin ^een^ there being yet no diftinft Settlements which gave panicular Names to the feveral Places along the Coaft.^ Upon Sir Walter*s Attainder, his Patent be- ing forfeited, feveral Adventurers petitioned King James I.; for Grants, and a Grant was made in 1606 to two Compa nies (one of Londony the other of Brijiol) in one Charter, cf: all the Country lying from thirty-four to forty- five Degrees ofj Northern Latitude on the Atlantic Oceatiy and the Iflandsj within a hundred Miles of the Sea Coaft, and from the faid Coaft inland indefinitely, if not adually poflefTed by any! Chrijlian Prince or People. Neither the French nor any other Chrijl'an People, but us, had at that Time any Set- tlements South of St. Lawrence River, but in Acadie^ wherel the French begun to fettle two Years before the Date of this! Charter, as appears by De Laet of Antwerp^ by Fert Omr- IffVoix^ and feveral other of their, and by feveral of our own, Hiflorians. Nor had the Fnnchy as appears from die feme Authority, made any Difcoveries or Settlements at this Timei higher up the River St. Lawrence than Montreal. Nor had 2my European Power, but the ^/7f/(/7;, any Settlements in' any Part of this Gruit at that Time. The Graat extends] ( upon I tics of UtredA > the Crown fully as ever (9) rcf-^ea to his pcd. Sir miA Elizabeth itf and planting, adually pof. and when he ir, the whole St. Lmi'Tsrim on the Atlantic Ocean from the Cape now called Capt ^ear to the Mouth of Pantagoit River, which is the Weftern oundary of the Country we claim as Jcadie or Nova-Scotia. deed P. Charlevoix fays, M. Monts entered Kennebeck, or inufl f^ate iht^agadahoc River, which is within tHis Grant, in 1604 ; but alfo fays, he and all the Adventurers with him immediately moved to Port' Royal in AcadiefZiid-m 1606 they all returned France. Both the London and Brj/lol Companies bagan, imme- ately after their Grant, to made Adventures in IVade and ttlements. The London Company purfuing them to the uthward of the Bay called Chefapeak^ and the BriJlolCom-^ ny to the Eaftv/ard, beginning at Sagadahoc River, In 1620 aDifpute arofe between thofe Com- * ■r the geneialt^anies about the formcr*s Right to filh zt Cape- His Ma- inia, in Hon-ijW^d, upon which a new Patent was granted jejl^^ifurthtr being yet no|J2 the latter^, and feveral other Noblemen and ^ig^* '*'"'' ive panicuIarSfcentlemen, for all the Country lying from 40 Degre'f *iiore ng the Coaft.^. to 48 D. North Latitude, which is three '" tbeJSortSf- lis Patent be- *)egrecs further to the Northward than the '^^ "ing James iMormcr Grant, and takes in the greateft Part two Compa-^pf Acadie or Nova-Scot fa. The Grant extends due Weft J Charter, cf liom the /ithntic to the PaciJicOcenn, if not then actually ve Degrees of tpoflefled by any Chrijlian Prince or People. And this new 1 the lflandsj#0>mpany was called the Council q\ Plymouth ox New-Englandy from the faidflw^iich latter Name was given to this Country upon Gapt, Smith*s pref^ting a Plan of it to the Court of England on his Return in 1 614, and it retains the Name to this Day from twenty Miles Eaft of the City of Isfew-Tork as far as the River St, Croixy and is now divided into the four Provin- ces of Ma£kchufet's-Bayy NeuQ-HampJhircy Rhodf-Ifland and Conne^icut, Capt. Smith furveyed the Coaft well, and gave Names to many of the Head Lands, Bays ;^nd Rivers, which are moftly continued to this Time, The North Line of this Grant croffes the North Side of St. Lawrence River a little above Saguen^, and running due Weft ftrikes the North Side of Lake Superiour^ to which the South Boundary of the Hudforis-Bay Company's Territories ., . do ;fled by any nch nor anyj me any Set cadie^ where Date of this! [ Pert Qmr of our own >m the feme It this Time] ^' Nor had ttlements ifll rant extends! upon '^'".(i ,aM«lil iii«-|'i'i«»»1>'- ..,^,,,.„, ,*•. I f \ • r c - . .. { 10 ) 4p extend. But as the French were before this fettled at I Rebeck, Trots Riviers^ and feveral other Places on the Northl Side of St. Lawrence b^^low Montreal^ which are within this! Grant, all that Part of tl\je Grant .to the Noithward' of the River St. Lawrence as high as Montreal is invalid. But asl they had not made any Settlements prior to this Grant higher > than Montreal^ they have no Right to any part of the Coun- try to the Southward of the River St. Laivrence below Mon~ irealy nor to the Southward of the North Bounds of this Line^ above Montreal. ' This New- England Qom^Siny rr\i^c many Grants of Land,? one of which, in particular, in 1629, gives to Sir Ferdinamh 1 Gorge and Captain Mafsn all that fraft of Land lying from J the Heads of Merrimack River, and Sagadahoc or Keneheck River to the Lake Iroquois^ now called by the French-Cham- flain^ and the River which empties itfelf from the faid Lakej into St. Lawrence River oppofite to St. Peter s Bay^ to be I called Laconia. Part of this Grant was afterwards fold to ! the Agent of the Majfachufet'' s-Bay Province, and confirmed by the Crown in 1639. / • The London and New England Companies, being difap- i pointed in their Hopes of vaft Wealth from their Projects, ' iurrehdcred their Patents to the Crown in 1635. And in the "Btgvrmin^oi Charles \. nev/ Grants were procured: but by reafon of the enfuing Civil Confufions and Divifions in ^^fZ/jw^the Conditions of thefe new Grants were not com- plied with, and People fet down at pleafure and at random. Upon the Reftoration of Charles IL thofe Settlers petitioned for peculiar Grants, and had them ; but it is not pertinent to my prefeiit Subject to trace Royal and other Grants for Lands to the Northward of 34 D. of Latitude any further; Sut it is neceflary to mention three other Species of his !Majefifs Right to a very large Part of the fante Country, vrhich he derives from European and Indian Treaties. While the Zo«<:/<7« and 5rj/?(;/ Companies His Majrftfs were engaged in trading and fettling at the further Right two Extremes of their Grantj the Swedes^ ^^« ' " '^ Fins^ and Dutih in 1609 crept into that part . ,.:.. .... . ...: of "L .1 '-. (IT) ., it lying from the Lat. of ^1 t 38 D. to the Lat. 4.1 D. comprehending the prere4iC Provinces of Nnu-York^ hW'Jerfas^ and fome part of Fmnjyivania. In 16 18 the [governor of Virginia h^d feveral Bickerings with the ^uUhy &c. fettled in, and trading to, this Country, as inter- [ring with his Mailer's Grant. However this fervcd no . Iher purpofe than to frighten the Swedes aud Fins under le Protection oftheDw/f?, who foon after had a Governor ^pointed by the States of Holland^ and the Country was llied New-Netherlands, The Court of England complain- 1, but the States difowned it, and faid it was only a piivate |ndertaking of an Amflerddm IVeJi-lndia Merchant. Upon fhich King 'James I. commiffioncd a Governor, and called »e Country New- Albion^ to which the Dutch fuhmitted. fut during the Civil Troubles in England m. Charles I. Reign, id in the Admi nitration of the Republican Party, the Dutch rain eftablifhed a Government there, till it was recfuccd by. ^nglandm 1664. In 1667 at the Peace concluded at Breda,- " itvyeen England znd the United Provinces^ it was ilipulated the third Article of the Treaty that the Englijh were to rc- lain in Pofleffion of that whole Country, in Exchange for le Country of Surinam, which the Dutch had taken from the . \nglijh. In 1672 the Z)«/<:/j reduced A"]?«;-^/^w», but the '"ear following, at the Treaty of Wejlminjier^ it was reftorcd Englaud, with whom it has continued ever fmce. Neither le Treaty of Brcda^ nor that of IVeJlminJler, fpccifics thi; bounds oi New Netherlands^ or New-Alli^n^ but in genera! "crms cedes to England all the Rights and Pofleffions of the X^ittch \\\ North-America, The firft Year the Dutch begun to fettle in this Country, ley entered into an Alliance with, and by Treaty did ac- * luire the Protedtion and Sovereignty of, the Five Nati«mot Vidians then living on the South Side of St. Lawrence River, [ppofiteto Montreal', who are known to the EngUJh under le Names of Mohawks^ Oneydoes, Enondagasy Cayugas, an^ ^nekas ; and to the French by the general Name of Iroquois, his Alliaincc and Subje^ion continued without a Breach either Side till 166.1, when the Englijh upon the taking % I ,v.. of New'^therUnds, which from this tim« Was cajlcd iV«a- Torky immediately entered into a ftri£l Friend(hip with thofe Five Nations^ which h^s held without the leaft Breach to tills Day. * The Five Nations by this Treaty acknowledged to the GoverxLorof New-Tork at Albany^ *' That they Iwd given! *' their Lands and fubmttted themiclv«s to the King of Eng-% ^* land** And in a few Years aftier they deiired and had the; Duke ofTork^s Arms put up at each of their Caftlcs, as Tok- ens of their being Subjects and under bis Protedtion. Thev above Treaty was made three Years preceding the firft the;, French ever made with them, for they were conftantly at| War with the Five Nations^ as appears by their own, as well as our, HiftcH-ians, from 1603, when they ^rll fettled at Canada^ to 1667, when they entered into a Treaty of Friend- ^ip only, which continued till 1683, when the Frenfh moM perlidioully broke it. The above Right of Sovereignty and! Property, conveyed to us, the Five Nations recognized by 2| Treaty in 1684, and by another at Albany m 1687. ^''^^l at this laft Treaty, when Col. Dungariy Governor of Neu-^ Ym'ky could not fupport them openly, having pofitive Ordeil ^j from King James II. to procure Peace for the French^ the)f| exprefTed themfelves to the Governor and CommifHoners of^ NeW'Tork in thefe Words, " Brethren, you tell us the King J * Notwitbftanding the Duke of Tork^ Proprietor of this Coun- try from the Time it was taken in 1664 ^° ^'^ Acceffion to the] Throne, ordered the Governors of Net procured a Peace with the Indimt for the French^ and admitted them to fettle and gofpelize among them, as the Kioj ,hit> Matter had ordered him. y ~ C( |-i»J*#jV!' ( 13.) of England is a very great King, and wBy (hould not yo» join with us in a very juft Caufe, when the French join [* with our Enemies in an uiijud Caufe ? O Brethren, we fee the Rcafon of this •, for the French would fain kill us all, and when that is done they would carry all the Beaver Trade to Canada, and the King of England would lofe the Land likewife ; and therefore, great Sachem, be- yond the great Lake, awake and fufFer not thofe poor In- dians that have given themfehes and their Lands under your Proteiiion, ta be deflroyed by the French without a Caufe."' l11 which Grants they further confirmed by feveral fubfequent Teaties, and a Deed of Sale of all their hereditary and con- lered Country, for a valuable Cbnfideration, in 170 1, ^hich was alio renewed 1726 } and again, very particujarly ), at a Treaty held at Lanca/ler in the Province of Penn- ylvania in 1744. But as Treaties with the Natives of lerica by European Powers may not be thought fuificient, [r be admitted,, in fupport of a Claim to Property and Jurif- lidion, in a European national Difcuffion, unlefs confirmed jy a European Treaty between contending Nations for American Rights, I have not quoted any, or ftiall I, (thougb lere are many fubfifling in almoft every part of his Ma- ^fs North' Jnurican Dominions, as much to the Purpofe Property and Jurifdiftion as thofe of the Five Nations) )ut thofe that relate to the Iroquois, becaufe they are fully jnd amply confirmed by Frame to Great-Britain in the ■"reaties of Utrecht and Aix La ChapfUe, They are there icknowledged to be Subjects of, and the Dominion over then* ceded to, the Crown of Great-Britain ; and it is ftipulated fhat neither they, nor any other Indians, who were Friends- the Englijh fhould be molefted by the French, but that the- Jubjedls ot both Crowns Ihould enjoy free Liberty of going, ^d coming to the Colonies of either, for the Promotion of rade as a common Benefit. But as the Treaties of Utrecht ind Mx La Chap die refer the Dominion of each Crovm over lU the Indians in North- America, except the Iroquois, to be fettled by CommiiTaries after the Ratifications were exchange ^, the Treaties that have from time to time been made by lis Majeji/s Governments in North- America with the Indians^ .■ < , l: will r • i (14) will bfc of great SciVice if ever this Affair fhould come uJ)ort| the Taph* And if our Governors had known the Importance offuch Treaties, they might have innproved the Opportu* nities they have had with more Cicarnefs and Precifion than they have done in fome Inftances, both as to Dominion and Property. Thuftf CefHons of the Five Nations confirmed by France to Great-Britain are of infinite more Importance than they appear to be at firft fight ; for they are further and con- diifive Proofs for the utter Exclufion ofany i^r^w-cA'Pretenfions to the Five great LakeSy all the Country between the Lakes, all the River and Country of the Ohio, jfnda vaji E^ent of Ter- ritory bejides* But to have a nearer View, and to convey a more adequate Idea of the vaft Importance of thefe Cef- fions, we muft afcertain what is the Extent of the Five Na- tiottSy Hereditary and Conquered Country. The French Hiftorians tell Us, thait wben they fettled at Canada in 1603, which is fix Years before the Dutch poflefled th6mfelves of New-Nethtrlands^ now called New-Tori j the Iroquois lived in that Part of the Country extending upon the South Banks of the River St. Lawrence from the Mouth of the Iroquois or Sorrel^ Riverj as high up St. Lawrence as to be oppbfite to the Weft End of Lake Sacrement, and from the Weft End of the faid Lake through (hat and Lake Iroquois or Champlain, and Iroquois River to its Mouth, which is oppofite to St. Petsr^s- Bay. This being the earlieft Account any Europeans have of them, we may fairly conclude this to be their hereditary or native Country. The fame Authority acquaints usj that they fke conquer' d found the Iroquois engaged in a Juft and Cauntry of the neceflkry War with the Adirondacs or Algon- Fivc Nations. ^/„j^ ^ powerful Nation oi Indians, who then . lived where the Utawawas are now fituate4 and forced thfe Iroquois to leave their own Country and fly io the Banks of the Lakes Ontario and Erie j which, with the Country lying between thofe Lakes and Hu^lon*^ River, as low as Albany, and the Forks of the Rivers Delaware The Ihrtdi. tary Country- of the Five Nations (15 ) . . "^ )elawarey Sufquchanah and OIjIq^ they have ever fince made icir chief Relidence, and do now continue in the Poflefliort If; except thole Parts they have fold to the Englijh and tade particular Grants of, efpecially upon Mohawks Ri- [er, upon Lake Ontarlc^ where the Englifl) Fort Qfwego /as built in 1727, and thofe Parts about the Forks of the Livers DeUfOjare^ Sufquchanah and Ohio in the Province of iennfylvania that they have fold to the Proprietors of that frovince. Upon their Removal to this Part of the Coun- ty the Satanasi or S/xiouonons^ v/ho then lived round the lakes Ontario and is'r/V, warred againft them j but the Iro^ uois foon drove them out of the Country, and they fled as ir to the Weftward as the Banks of the Mijftjftpi» By this (reach with the Suianas the Iroquois improved fo much in le Art of War, and fo far recovered their Spirits, which ;cre before depiefled by the Jlgonkins^ that now they thought lemfelves a Match for them : and as Indians never forget Injury, nor reft till their Revenge is fatiated, they im- lediately aftet their Viftory over the Satanas renewed the IVar ^ith the Algonkins^ in which they had fuch Succefs ;is lot only 10 recover their hereditary Dominions, but alfo to (rive the Algonkins from their own Country to that where ^uebeck jiow ftands, and never refted till they had deftroyed le whole Nation, except a few who put themfdves under the Votc^^ion of the French at felted j and thofe that hav« Jefcended from them that efcaped the Fury of the Iroquois ire ftill in the Neighbourhood of Rebeck j but the Al" tonkins have never been confidered as of any Confequeiice in :ither Peace or War, fince their Wars with the Iroquois, Fire Arms and Tools •;/ Iron and Steel having never been Keen in this Part of tlit; World till the French introduced them, the Novelty and Ufcfulnefs of them, together wilh their alluring Toys R!id Tinfels^ and the French Demand for Ithe Indians Furs and Skins^^ brought all the Indians between \^ebeck and the Lakes, except the Iroquois^ to the French trade : but as the French had protcfted the Algonkins land adtually aflifted them againft the Iroquois^ they could pot b^ prevailed upon to have an^ Commerce with the G ' - • French^ 'JT* •i ' ^. ( i6) French, who thereupon commenced the Allies of all the ln\ dians that came to ^tebeck, and prevailed on theni to joij in a War againft the Iroquois, whom they were now deter^ mined to extirpate, never dreaming of much Difficulty accomplifh it, as they had the Advantage of Fire Jrms a vaft Superiority in Numbers of Indians^ The firil Adlion after this Coalition happened upon th^ Banks of Lake Iroquois, and proved to the DiiUdvantage the Iroquois ; for the French kept themfelves undifcovere| till the Moment they begun to join battle, and their Fird Arms furprized the Iroquois fo much that they were put inte Confufion. This Vi^iory and the Fire Arms giving thi| French Indians new Confidence, they became fierce and in- folent, defpifmg the i/ommands of their Captains, and o^ all Occafions ralhly attacked the Ei^emy, who were oblipel to keep themfelves upon the defenfivt^^ and to make up whaj they wanted in Force by Stratagem an4 aflcilful Manageraer of the VVar> in which they fucceeded (o well that they dcj ftroyed great Numbers of the Enemy, and loft but very fe\ of their own People. One Stratagem they made ufe of irfl this critical' Conjun6lure, was an Acceptance of an OfFcrj made them by the Governor oi Canada to fend fomc French Priefts among them j but as foon as they got them in theiij Pofleffion, they made no other \Jk of them than as Hoftages^ to oblige the French to ftand neuter. And being now fur-[ niihed with Fire Arms from the Dutch, they gave full fcof to their Revenge againft their Enemy Indians, The firfl they met with were the ^atoghies or Hurons,. as the French Call them, and the Remains of the Mgonkins, whom they defeated in a dreadful Battle fought within a few Miles ol Rebeck. The French own if the Iroquois had known theia Weaknefs at that Time, they might have eafUy deftroyea their whole Colony. * - ^? This Defeat in Sight of the French Settlements ftrucl Terror into all their Indian Allies, who at that Time werd ^ery numerous, becaufe of the Trade which fupplted thei with many ufeful Conveniences. The Nipicerimem who '\_ lived on the North 3anks of St. Lavireme River, fled updii this "^m # ( 17 ) ■ • "^ [is to the Northward as far as Lake Jbitihis. The Re- tainder of the ^atoghies or Hurons^ with the Utawawas \d feveral other Nations, fcampered off South- Weft ward, i It foon after they began to be in want of the European )mmodities from the French, and in order to fupply them- j |ves they returned to ^ueheck ; and by this Means the Places their Retreat was difcovered to the Iroquois^ whofe Re- ige not being yet fatisficd, they immediately after attacked sm in tlieir new Settlements, and by the Year 1650 entirely [tirpated or adopted all the Nations of hufians that refided^ both Sides the River St. Lawr^ru^ zhoxQ ^ebeck^ and onv ^th Sides the Lakes Ontario^ £rie, and Huron : which •y never could have accomplifhed had they not ftrinquerM in ,1685. fn (hort the neareft Indians, as they were attacked, fled • thofe tljat were further off, where they followed them, [nd rw^ only entirety fubdued thie vanquiflied, but them ni^^^iyed them. And they carried their Arms and Con- liftri» far as New-England ^d the UtAwawas River to v J N k % ■y^ l>r,; r- i. S ( i8 ) the Eaftward, to 1-IudfotCi-Bay Company's Territories to thelhich gi Northward, to the Illinois and Miffiffipi Rivers W^ftwardAcnt of and to G/0r^jV} Southward, adp. ting tnofe whom they did notBlaims i deftroy, and making them their Vafials and TributaricsM/Vj?/«/tf The Tufcaroraii that formerly lived in Carolina,, upon their Expulfion from thence by the People of Carolina in 1 7 1 1 fled to the Iroquois^ and were incorporated with^ and to ihij! Day refide among thepi. And fince that they are gpnerallj called the Six Nations. The Cc%vetas or Creek Indians thai' I'efide in Georgia are iip the fame Friendfhip with them. I'hefe Conquefts of ^he Five Nations have not proved tcm porary, or merely nomiral, for all the Nations round then have, for many Years entirely fubmiited to them, and paj a yearly Tribute to them in Ifampum, or Indian Money i they dare neither make W^X nor Peace without their Con fent, except thofe who quit their Nations, and get imde the immediate Protection and Support of th^ I'rench. Tw old Men commonly go about every Y9ar or two ro rcceiv this Tribute ; and their Sachem are often feen ifliiing thci: Orders with as arbitrary an Authority as a Roman DiCktor. For further Proof of their Rig,bt ^p the Country they hav conquered, they have in all llieir Treaties with his -^^'/c/^) '_- Governments refpedling it, rcfcrvcd to themfelvcs a Rigk^^'^cftci to demand a further Conlidcration for all unfettled Land, Ihat R that they, nor their Anceilor.s, have not made particular Grants of to diftinft Governments and rece'^ve^ a valuabl Confidcration for j and they ?^v/^.y% do demand a Confide ration and have it, as our Settlements do extend ftir'tbei intt> their Country, before they will execute a Deed of Cor yeyance, infifting that the Country belongs to them in Rig!: of Conqueft, having bought it with their Blood, and ti'.ken i from their Enemies in fair War. Thus the Proprietors Pennfyhania in 1736 bought of them all the L^nd en bcf Sides the Forks of the SuJquel?anoh kiver as far %>uth as th( Province extends, and to the Northward to thofe called th( Endlefs Mountains or Kittoehtinny Hills as far as the Pfovinc extends that W^y. This: Purchafe includes all ihatl^ft c the River and Country of the Ohio thatlays in thi^ Prmnncd "Whic ,^lf^*^'^i^ Mark eed of ay be, other '/;ro, w ut the; creafe laft he Pi f negc reatie ive h Fron ive h editary ons a' The s to th outh^ EaftE Lake t ver t© the Ci latter r tending to Sou where there 1 French late M Line I where ( 19 ) hlch gives us a further Right to fuch Part. The Govern- ' ent of Maryland alfo purchafed the Remainder of all their iaims in that Province in 1744. And the Government of "irginia paid them in 17449 two hundred Pounds in Goods Market Price, and two hundred Pounds in Gold, for a eed of Sale for the Remainder of all the Lands that are, or ay be, by the King*s Appointment in Virginia j which is other Proof of the reft of the River and Country of the >^;0, which is in this Province, belonging to his Majefty, lut they defired a further Confideraciqn when the Settlements creafed much further back, which the CommifTioners were lad oblised to give them Encouragement to hope for. he Particulars of which Grants, and the Indian ^/'a iner ff negoclating about Lands, with a full Account of their "reaties, may be feen in Coiden's judicious Hiftory of t?:.c ive Nations. FrQm this Detail of hiftorical Fa£ls, it^ plain that the Ive Nation/ have a fair an'd indubitable rule to their he- editary and conquered Country, and they have on all Occa- 'ons availed themfelves of the Advantages refulting from it. The Extent of their Right by Inheritance and Conqueft iS to the Eaftward, on the South Side of St. Lawrence^ the |tVcftern Bounds of New-England, and on the North Side of Ihat River, the Utawawas River and Lake Abitibis. Its outh Wcftcrn Boundary is from Lake Jbitibis to the North |Eaft End of Lake Michigan, and from thence through that Lake to the River Illinois, and from thence down that Ri- ver t© the Mijjiijftpi. And its VVeftern Boundary is from the Confluence' of the Rivers Illinois and MiJJiffipi, as the latter runs South to Georgia. This is a vaft Omntry, ex- ' tending about twelve hundred Miles in Length from North to South, and from feven to eight hundred Miles in Breadth, where the Five Nations deftroyed many Nations, of whom there are now no Accounts among the Englijh,^ But the French Geographers, ULiJle, Du Fur, ^c, have in their late Maps limited their Rights Northward, to a South Weft Line dtitjf have drawn from Montreal to Lake Toronto, 'Vi^herc they alfQ bound them ta the Weftward, and allow - 'c :'^ ■ them V ' ''iJ*::^ „*'^'' ^r—^-J/JJ^K- ^ r i -Sji**w-*tij-» '11 \ , them only the Country between this Line and our Settlements. jFiovever» to point out the Mlftalces, or rather defiened En- croachments, ofthe Map!«of y/m/r;Vtf publiihcd in France, of Jate Years, by Authority, would be ulmoft to copy the whole of them. Therefore it muft give every Britnn great Pleafure XQ fee our Countryman Dr. Mitchely F. R. S. dcteding their Miftakes and dengned Encroachments, and alnioft wholly reftoring us to ourjufl Rights and Poncflions, as far as Paper will admit of it, in his moil elaborate and excellent Map of North- America juft publilhed j which deferves the warmeft Thanks and Countenance from every good Subjeifl in his Majefty's Dominions. The Five Nnfiom never alienated any Part of their here- ditary and conquered Country to any but his MajeJIy and his Subje(Sb. But in 1672 the French, when at Peace with the Five Nations^ perfuaded them to allow a Houfe to be built on the North Side of the £aft Entrance into Lake Ontario^ tmder the Pretenfee of a Store fof Merchandise. Under the iamc Pretence they built feveral other Houfes the next Year about the Lakes i but they foon converted theic trading Houfes into fuch Forts as the Five Nations could not reduce; without Cannon and knowing how to ufe them. However they complained to the Governor of Canada of thitj Ufurpa- tion, and told him, ** Fhcy could place no Confidence in *' the French, for under the Prttencc of building Houfes that *■*" might be a Rendezvous for Merchants, and that only ** Beavers and Merchsmdize (hould enter them, they had ** made them Places of Retreat for Sohlicrsy and for Arms f< and Jpimunition of War ; whereby they had ilopped tlie *^ Growth of the Tree of Peace that had been planted, and ^* prevented its Branches from covering their Countries." And the Governor of New-York proteftcd alfo againft thefe Fort^ as Encroachments upon ihe King of Great-Britain* & TjCrritories. But notwiihflanding this, in 1684, the Year ^ l^upture brojce out again with the French and Five Nations, ^ey built another Fort, with four Baflions, at Naigara Falls \f\ the Streight between Lakes Ontario and Erie ; which was aifo piotfifted agaipil by the Governor of New-Tor k as P. ?M,v«** i Charleyoixi * - f « . .. Settlemtnts. eftsned £n- I h I ancc, of I y the whole cat Pleafure cding their noft wholly far as Paper ent Map of he warmeft bje«fl ill his their here- ;V/?y and his ice with the to be built ke Ontario^ Under the e next Year ie(c trading I not reduc^ However hi^ Ufurpa- liidence in Houfes that 1 that only I, they had \ for jfrms ilopped tlie lanted, and Countries." galnft thele at~Brittihi*s , the Year ve Nations, ligara Falls which was Tori as A Charlevoix, ( 21 ) '^harlfvolxy ^f. do confcfs. In 1725 they built Crown-Point )C St. Frederick's Fort on Lake Iroquoii or Champlain, md fincc ihc Pf^acc of Utretht and that of Jix La ChapeiU |hey have bui'u leveral other Forts, fo that txt^w they have [wenty Forts, befides Block-Houfes, or Stockade IVading loufes, and one Fort they lately took from us 011 the O^r^ liver, in the Country of the tive Nations which Fiance tdeJ to the Crown of Great- Britain it the Treaty of Utrecht , ind confirnxcd by that of Jix La Chapelle, Which finifhc? /hat I have to remark on his Majcfty's Rights and Pof- fffions to the Northward of Latitude 34 D j and now for iur Rights to the Southward of that Latitude. I We not only firft explored the Eaftern Coaft Hit Mojefl/t rom Cape Florida to the North Polar Cir- ^'g^f from Icy but from Sir tValter Raleigh's Grant in 29 D to 34 [584, the Coaft to the Southward o( Che/a- "' ^' ^"'^ \eak-£ay has been Conftantly vifitedjand mcrft )f our firrt Settlements in North- America were to the South- ird of that Bay, and in that Pyt now called North-Carolina-, le Particulars and Succcfs of which may be feen at large in 10ft Collcdionj of Voyages to, and Hiftories of, North- America, From thcfe Settlements the People fpread to the Southward of N. Lat, 34 D. and eftabliflied themfelves with- )ut Jtrxy Grant from the Crown, but what had been forfeited r refumed, till 1630, when King Charles!, granted all the ountry and the Ifkinds on the Sea Coaft of the Atlantic )cean lying between 31 D. and 36. D. N. Lat. and from [hence due Weft to the South Sics, to Sir Robert Heath by the Name of Carolina. In 1665 King Charles II. grantpd to fevcral Noblemen ind Gentlemen all the Country lying on the Atlantic Ocean >etween 29 D. and 36 D. 30 M. N. Lat. and from thence iue Weft to the Pacific Ocean., no Chriftian Prince or People |intervening, by the Name of Caroli .a. This Grant com- iprehends the prcfcnt Provinces of North and South Carclina and Georgioy and all the Province of Louifiana-, fince ufurped b^ the French, In 1698 Col. Welch travelled from Charlef- [?•«/», South-Carolina, to the Miffijftpi River juft below Old ' KappCy ..3a*«4...-^~-,,. ^ w I \ II. S( >■■ ■'S t ..j^ Mr ( 22 ) . Kappa i where Ferdinand Soto, a Spaniard from Florida, firftl difcovered the il//^^/»/ ill 1541. In 1698 alfo. Sir i)^«/V/| CcA" intended to revive a dormant Title to the Country granted as above to Sir Robert Heath, but finding the Eaftern Coaft already planted, he Tent two Ships into the Gulph of Mexico, under the Command of Capt. jyHllam Bond, to ex- plore the South Coaft of Carolina, and to make a Settlement there. One of the Ships entered the Mifliffipi River, and afcended it above one hundred Miles, talcing Pofleflion of the Country in the King's Name, leaving in feveral Places the 1 Arms o( England (or a Memorial thereof. And Capt. Bond took feveral Draughts of the Coaft and River as far as he difcovered. And it was not till the Year following, when Sir Daniel Csx was foliciting a nev/ Patent in England, that M. D* Iberville on the Part of France hit upon the Mouths y of the Mifliffipi, and built a Fort at one of the Entrances, asi would have been done the Year before by the EngUJh if one] of their Ships had not deferted them. From thefe Particulars! relating to the South Coaft we derive a further Right to the^ Country lying between the 29 and 36 D. 30 M. N. Lat.? And on the Weftern Side of it that is bounded by the Facifit Ocean, we ftill have a further Right, founded on the Dif- coveries of Sir Francis Drake in 1578, who explored thcD whole Sea Coaft, took formal PofTei&on for England, and called the Country New- Albion, To great Part of this Country both the French and Spa- niards have not only laid claim, but have availed themfelves of 5 therefore I (liall now confider the Merits of their Claim. During the Inattention of England to 7he Spaniards North America, Uom Cabois'DifcovQry oi ii Right to Flo- in i^g6 to Sir fValter Raleigh'^ Patent in| *^'^''' , 1584, the Spaniards got footing hi this Territory on the Eaftern Coaft, and in 1565 utterly extirpated the French out of it, who had been endeavouring to eftablifti a Colony there from 1555. And the Spaniards were in Pofleffion of a large Part of Caroline under the Name of Florida when the Treaties of 166) and 1670 were concluded Ipetwccn England md Spain. By thpfe! m ■^\ ■'^^ (23 ) lofc Treaties both Nations Were to hold whatever eacft len pofTeffed in A*nerica^ whereby Spain has a Right to part ^f Carolina^ ftill called Florida*; In 1702 and 1703 the baniards, iiind Indians of this Country in Alliance with them^ ^ere defeated in two bieniorable Battles, drove to thb South- ward of St. JohiCs River in South-Carolina^ which is juft ta ^e Southward of the South Boundary of Georgia.^ by hi^ [ajefty*s Subjefts of Carolina^, and would have been utterly ctirpated out of FtoRtDA, if Governor Moore)i2d not pre- )itately raifed the Siej^e of Augujiine. at thie Appeariance of 70 Spanijh Frigates which could have done him no Injury; Ind in 1714 the Creek /W/^»j compleated their Extirpation It of Florida, the Town of Augujiine only excepted. Therefote in 1738, Whien the Court ot Spain claimed a vaft >abe bm Georgia that fmce the Peace of Aix La Spani/h En- croachments in Georgia Jince the Peace at A\k La Chapelle. * J propoSf by the fime Authdrity, we have an Undoubted tight to the Bays of Cempeache and Honduras ; for at the Con- lufion of ihofe Treaties we had Colonies a£iua|ly planted by thti ^rovernment of Jamaica at both thofe fiays. Upon which his l8Jefty*8 Claims to both of them, and his Subje£ls Right to cut UgwoaJ, Sec. there, i^ as juftly founded as the Spavijh Claim is to |ny part of Florida. But notwithftanding the Spaniards have drove w iron loth, and are efFe£lually preventing us from recovering }« footing there by fortifying and planting Colonies, D Chapelle ¥ I • n ( 24 ) Chapelle they have again built feveivl Forts io the Northward of St. John% River, and laft Summer a con- fiderablc Number of Families canie ffdm the Havanah tu| fettle upon the Appalation Fields, tJic fiii^ft Courttiy in thcj World perhaps, which are abfolutely to the Northward of the Stipulation in 1738, and confequently within his Majefly'J Territories. This Ufarpation, with their unwarrantable Ex- ptilnon of us from the Bay of Hondurasy and the fearching and feizihg many of our Ships upon the High Seas, purfuin^' no other Traffic but from one part of his Majefty's Domi- nions to aiiother, fmce the Peace oi Jiis La Chapelle^ feenu. io pdrtcnd the fame Evils to us that we now Experience from French Encrdachments and Depredations, if we are not fpee- dily reftpred to our juil Rights and Pofleffions, and elTeflually fecured againft future Infults and Encroachniients of the like| fort. But if oil the contrary we tamely fubitift io them, whal are we not to expc^ next ? Does not pocketing oint A^ioni or Injury always give an Invitation to anothei" ? Mas notl fatal Experience convinced this Nation of the Truth of this f P, Charlevoix fays, in 1555 the French turned their Thoughts to planting of Colonies in the South part of North- America^ and in| 1562 Admiral Co/Zn/V undertook a Settlement! in Florida^ but did not fucceed. In f.562j alio, M. Reheaui went to Florida, and built a Fort at Port] Royaly and called it CkarUs-Yorty cftablifhed a Colony therej which he afterwards deftroyed, and returned to France in 1563. In 1563 M. Laudinea went to Florida and built a Fort which he called Carolini^ and went on fettling till 1565 when Don Menendez deiftroyed the whole Eftabliihment, fince which the French have not had the leaft Footing on thi i^aftern Coaft of Florida, or more properly fpeaking the Pro vinces of North and South Carolina and Georgia, nor do thd lay any Claim to any part of this Coaft that I khow of. Now let us follow them to the South Coaft of Carolina, where! they have ufurped a vaft Territory belonging to the Crowi of Great-Britaiay and planted a powerful Colony, to whic they have given the name of Lniifianu *rhi Claim of France to Ca- rcflina, ^r. ' 1 7hi Ofigf^ and Progriji' iff he French. Dijceverybf \ SittUmtHt of thtW\M\\\y, or Louiftani.' " (25) n By M. JoluH Jeumal oif the French En- srprizes to difcoyer and get footing on this ^reat River Miffiilipi, it appears that he in [673 travelled from Canada ovsr Land, and lifcovered fonae part of the River Miffiilipi, Ipon which he returned. The next French adventurer was the Sieur De La Saiie, who the Yeats 1679, 1680, 1682, and 1683, hfit from Lake Ontario, through the ^.akes hie, Huron, and Michigan, and ^he River Illinois, to the [iflifTipi, and returned Xo Canada, In 1684 he went from lochelle in Old France^ w'ltK two hundred Soldiers, in hopes finding out a^ Entrance into the Mifliffipi in the Gulf of fsxico,,h\iX he mifled it, and fell in with the Bay of St. Bernard, or St. Louis, between 28 D. and 29 D. N. Lat ift to the Southward of th? South Line of Carolina Charter ranted by Charles IL iii 1665. Here he built a Fort, and travelling by Land in purfuit of th? Mouth of the Miilif- >i, he was murdere4 by his owi^ People, who afterwards )andoned th^ t*'prt at St. Bernard, and went to Canada, lithout difcoyeririg the Entrance intothe Mifliifipi. Thus fll that bol(1, 9nterpri0.ng, and valuable Gentleman the Sieur ^e La Salle^ vfho was an Honour to his (^ouotry^ after rhich the l^ilfiffipi was neglected by the French till the latter Jni^ of 16^8, when M. D'liferville macle an attempt to dif- Eover its Mouth in the G\x\ioiMexico, and in 1699 he did [ifcover an Entrance, ^nd built a Fort near the Mouths. In 701 the next ^ftablifhment was made at the Mibile River. 702 Ifle Dauphin begun to be fettled. But all thefe Set- fements took no Form till 1708. In 1712 Lmis XIV, [ranted the Sieur Crozat a Patent for all Lands bounded by Sew- Mexico, and by the Lands of the Englijii, pf Carolina^ 11 the Settlements, Ports, Havens, Rivers,' ianii i)rincipally Se Port and Haven of the Iflc Dauphin, heretofore called iajfacre \ the River of St. Louis, heretofore called Miffiffipi, rom the Edge of the Sea as far as the Illinois ; together "ith the River of St. Philip, heretofore called the Miffourys ; id of St. Jerom, heretofore called the Ouhache. With all « ♦» '*,* # .>,jin<»!«.i -^ .»w W "« i' " W^H<! /■ ,. ^* ■ ■ ' m «ai^- I'AA,^ *i.itsi»li„. . 7bt French Setttemtnti in. NtwMexica «t y/urpatioft mibe Spiani- trds and re' plftcwithlhf. fuiorft Confe- quencesto the Crown of ( 27 ) [ng thro* it, finding only a Notice ftuck up at each End that 10 Perfon muft enter there without a Ticket from the Ranger, md then returning to the Middle and impudently fctting him- iTelf down. As to the Sieur De La Sall/s Difcovery of It. Bernard, or St. Louis^ B^y, to, the South- ward of the South Bounds of Carolina, and le French claiming it in Confequence of that )ifcovery, it behoves the Spaniards to attend that efpecially as it is within three hundred tiles of fome of the Richcft Mines of Nrwf fexico, which perhaps they will experience, jefore long, the French have as keen an Appe- [ite for as any Spaniard whatever. And no Ian I believe ^an treat this as a chimerical Hifpicion, when he recollects th^ conftant En- croachments the French .nave made upon the Spaniards in the Ifland of Hifpaniola ov St. Domingo ever fine?; ley got footing there, and upon all their Neighbours in all *arts of the Globe at all Times. But if they fhould not further encroach on the Spaniards in New-Mexico, if they fettle St. Bernard*s Bay, there cannot be any Doubt but they nil avail thcmfelves of the greateft Part of the Trade of New-Mexico ; for by their Settlements at the Miffiflipi, they I are come into a pretty handfome Share of it already, as [fully appeared by the Capture of the Golden Lion from the [Mifliffipi in the late War, which Ship had an immenfe Sum of Money on Board that (he took in at the Mi^iffipi. And this could not comefi'om thence if the French had not ex- changed their European Manufactures for it with the New- Mexicans. Therefore it is of the utmoft Importance to Spain I to deprive them of that Part of New- Mexico which they claim ; and yi^hy they did not oblige France to annihilate this Claim at the Treaty of I//r^f^/ is very eafily accounted for, when we r^colle(St Louis XIV. had juft put his Grand- fon on the Throne of Spain. From the Account I have thus colle£ted of the DifcoverieF, Rights and Poflieflions of the Crown of Great- Britain in •'''•.• North- America 1: ; ' I" '■*^..s. *^'-' ■'-'-' t,i*' *.«i^i»3^fc!*ii.--!a»"****** jrt-t-ifMitSi i'ii"^f II / * % :■ -^ - % i-j \ 7hg limih A^ Canada 0r New France tAihicb the French a- fvailtJtbcm' jel*vt$ of hy tbt NegUHs rf England i 28 ) IJmh'Amerlca^i it is clear that /V^^^ cannot have any juftl Freteniions to any Part thereof frpni the North Pole to thel twenty-ninth Degree of North f^s^titucle on the Atlantic Ocean J and from thence due We{| to tfia Seuth-Sfas; except toy^l and cure Fifii at Newfo^ndlandy to the Ifles in the Gulf oH St. Lawrenci, and to Cdnada or New- France* And thefd they could nevff have had any PretenHons to \i North- Ame-] rica had ^pd|i ||ie original Difcovery of the Cebots been pro- perly ^mm to by England, ' ' ' ^ "f %# By the above State of his Ma|c%^s Rights | Canada is pared down to very narrow Limits, , compared with what the French Hiftorians and I Map-makers (under the; Authority of Govern- R.snt) delineate ^t to be. But there is no: Foundation for s^ny Pretence to extend this | Province to the Northward beyond the South Bounds o/TIudipn's-Bay Company's Terrrteries #;i^New-Bri^in or Labradore ; to the Wejlward \ beyond Lake Abitibis and the Courfi of tke ^ Utawawas River that difemhouges ijre£fly op- F fofite to Montreal ; to the Southward beyond the North Side of the River of St, Lawrence ; and to the Eajlward beyond the Limits of Nipw-Britain or Labradore ; I Jky'^hi$ is (panada or New-France^ and no Authority can be produced for its Extention any way. And this b the only Footing the French are entitled to upon the Continent of N^orih-Arnerica, And I do repeat that they never would have fead even this if the Coiirt oi England \izA but attended to its Intercft in North- America, For the Cabots firft explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and two Englijh Ships went up the ^iver in 1527. Secretary Walfingham being informed of an Opening South of Newfound^ndy fitted out Sir Hutpphry Gilbert, who failed VP St. Lawrence River and took Poffcflion for the Crown of JSngland in 1 583. And it was 1603 before the ir^f^ be- gun to fettle any where within the Gulf of St. Lenurence, ^cording to their own Hiftorians. In 1629 Canada was ^ken from the French by Sir David Kirk, but it was given ihem by the Treaty of St. Germain in 1632 without anyt bpecincaCion :_i,*sfeiX' ;"t3£- *.''i3t«*s2i!«fi-aiK5j»'>h*>^^ *>» w » m ■»* '^ ^*'S'i*-- < V 7 .. , r .' : < \ ^ peclfication of Limits, which gives thfe|;ri all the Right th^ a^e to any Part of it. And Queeri j^w»^ in 171 1, wfceti e purpofed the Redu£^ion of it^ ditperfcd il Manifeftoxn ttik} buntry, fetting forth, **That Canada belonged to the EngliMi * by Priority of Difcovery^ and what the French jaoSSSka ^ there was by Grants froni the EtiiHJh^ and co]j|jlequent}y held it only ar fl Fi^f, therefore where the Po£||^rs turii Encniy, it reverts." I am pot Lawyfer ehbtijj ine thb Validity of iiich at Clkim, but we lilay lothing btit tht tongeji Sword Will cvet fettle thtf '^i^ Province. Thus the Crown of GWat-Britaitis Rights arid PolTeflibn? North' America ftind in Opporition to ihofe oi France i nd hy the Law of Nations our Claims arb ciirtainly valid ith Europeans againft Europeans that encroach upon Jmerif )an Clainls thds founded. But methinka I heair th^ fotier stnd thinking His MajeflyV irt oi Mankind fay; "Though our Claims Odonittaccuf- '• xniy be vSilid againft France^ how came we '^ff ^fatids, by thofe Rights and Poffeffions ? They did f^f^: ''«' « not come to us by Inheritance ? Prior Dif- YTli" i c J n ^ 1 Indiai^s, and covery and Pre-occupancy gives only a ^^, ^ronvH * Right to derelict Lands, which thofe of having no Ti- •* North' America "WtK not, being full of In- (ie to America * habitants, who undoubtedly had als ^ood ftomibm. .^^ * a Title to their ovirn Country as the EurO' ., peans havi to theirs. Nor could o. " Right " afife from Conqueft, if we did conquer the Natfves ; as 1^ *' is hard to conceive how a Conqueft, where there was r j preceding Injury or Provocation, could create a Right. ^^ Therefore all a European Power couH give, Was an ex- j" clufive Gralnt to particular Subjects for negociating and " purchaAng iVom the natural Lords and Proprietors, and « thereupon a PoWer of Jurifdidion. We fear the firft Set- ** tiers of our Provinces never treated the Savages well, but ** encroached upon their Lands by Degrees till they fraudu- f * Icntly or forcibly turned them out of all, ufmg the barba- ^* roiisMethodsyin fonie meafure, pra^lifed by the Spaniard^ '■^ ^^- <' on i<« i:. \. >>:.v )M ''?». J] ; ' ' ( 30 ) «• ^n the Southern Continent of America^ which have made] " Aem deteftablc to the whole Chrtftian World." , Ji hcfc and fuch like Enquiries, Doubts and Fears, I have! often met with Tincc I came to Europe. Nay, this very Week a' Pamphlet has been publiflied, called the hate rj the Britifli ^nd Trench CoionieSi &c. which accufcs his Majefiyi Colonies \ with cort^itting Fi-auds, Abufes, Encroachments, Murders,} and ev<(B||j^pecies of Villainy, againfl: the pooi: Indians of ica^ by which they have been alienated from, andi iiulijl^ |» take up Arms with the French againft Us ; and| 901 tiiift Evils y/w^r/Vtf labours under have been thus produced, j All thefe Accufations are authorifed by fome of, what arc) called, the Hiftories of New- England ^nd other Parts of North- jfmerica,' wrote by Subjeds ofhis Majcjiy. . Every Pcrfon that knows any thing ofl North- America in general, or of any one I Province in particular, muft be jfenriblc that the Hiftories or works of Mather ^ OldmixonX Ncaly Salmon^ &c. who have chiefly copied each other, and of all that have copied after] them, relative to North- America^ might al- J jT oil as properly have called their Works Hiftories of Prejier m John's or the Hottentots Country, and their Manners andf ConduiSt, as H\{^ovies of North- America^ or any other Title they bear. Even Mather himfelf, faid Oldmixon in his Bri' iijh Empire in America^ had eighty- feven Falflioods in fifty- fix Pages. In ftiort, there is not one Work yet publifhed ! to the World in our Language thac in any Degree deferves^ the Title of a Hljlo.y of North- America but Smith's HiftorjT ^Virginia, and Douglas'j Summary^ Hijiorical and Political^ of the jirji Planting, progrejfwe Improvements^ and present State of the Exxiifh Settlements in North- America, ^c. publiflied a few Years ago at Bofion in New- England. And this 1 aft is I valuable for being the beft Colledlion of Fa£ts in g^eral, for a future Hiftorian, that was ever made or publiflied. But | — as to Hiftories of the Indians^ there is not one pub- liflied in our Language that deferves the Title, nor any Ac- tounts of them, that I have (een, are worth reading, but that I 'of ries of North Amtx\cz hy his hJajfJly^s Siih- je£ls (iploded ( 3» ) / ^ M CoJden^ which is juftly called a Hiftory of Ihe Fi«/ Natiem* Ind Is a Mafterly Performance. Therefore I am very j;lai he Author of the State of the Britiih and French CcloftieSf las no other Authority to found hi^ Accufation againft the Colonies in general than the exploded Hiftorians^ or rathej^ inti-HiJittrhns^ of North' JmericOi * and feme j^articulav Inftan^es^ ^.. L. , ^ 4_-JL.^- • Moft, if not all/OQf Maps allPQ, prjeceding that by. Df. Miteh->^ ^/, are very error>epu9 and injurious to his Majtfiy'% juft Riffhti. . Soch erroneous Books and Maps, qpoQ fiieh important SobjeQi^ Ire of worf: Confc^ueoce than People generally inoagioe ; for, be- |des mifleading oarfelves, the French quote them againft lis, even n National bi(co(fions, a$ Aithorities. , Therefore I am forty to se the Author of the B{ateof the Britiih and French Cahntet, icc^ vha, I am (;bnfident, wrote With a View to iniform and ferve his Country, attempting to prove the tndependency of the FiveNati-^ nt of Indians^ who in ajmoft every Treaty they fhoul4 V.J - E • ' , iit ./ %■ I 11 ^ rll ^30 , Imtanccs, trom other Authorities, of Crudty and Injufticel between private Pcrfons and the Indians^ from whicif wel ought not to form an Opinion of any People. I I thought myfelf obliged to make this PrefacCj before ll came to wipe off the unworthy Afperfions that have been! cail on the firft Settlers of North- America in dire^St TermsJ fupported by Evidence. Our firft Settlers, far from Spanijh Injuf- ticeand Cruelty, fought to gain the Natives by ftri£^ Juftice in their Dealings with them, as we)l as by all the Endearments of Kind-jl nefs and Humanity. To lay an early Foun- "^ dation tor a firm and lafting FriendOiip^ they aflured the Americans that they did not come among them as Invaders but Purchafers, and thcre«3re called an AiTcmbly of thim together to enquire who had the Right to difpofe of their Lands ; and being told it was their Sachems or Princes, they thereupon agreed with them for what Diftridls they bought puhlickly and in open Market. If tbey di^ not pay a gre^at Price for their Purchafes, yet they paid as much fti they were worth. For it muft be confidercd that Lands were of little Ufe to the Natives, and therefore but Oi !ittle Value. They lived chicdy ott Fifti and Fowl bee lufe they would not be at the Pains to clear the Ground. And as for their Meadows and were of np Ufe at all, for want of Neat Cattle //// Majefty'4 Suhje£i$ in North Ame- rici atquittcd of the Qhargt 9/ Frauds, Ahufes and Cruelties to the Natives, and his Ma- jeftys Title to North. America ac- quired from the Indians proved to be jnjl audfttir. and Hunting*, and break up Marihes, they we give op an Inch of that Territory which is our juft Right, I -^ when we are not only able to fecure it to curfelves^ but to make xht French hold what properly belongs to them by noolhef! Tenure than that of the Mercy of the CronunoS Gre^t- Britain ?| Therefore may Perdition feize every Propofal that gives thfiQi an Acre of his MaieJiyi]KL^. lights and PolTeflions. ;! * : ^ i ( 33 ) • fe«d them, of which there were iione in thofe Parts ^f the oikl. The Engttjh had no fooner made feme necelTarjH: ovifion for themftlves, than they applied their Cares for > e Benefit of the Iniiam^ by endeavouring to bring thtfm m (heir wild Manner of Lite to the civil and police Cufloms f Europe. For this Purpofe they marked out Land to build '■■■■■ uilarr Towns, fupplied them with all proper Utenfds for ilding, prcfcribed to them Forms of Government, and ove all omitted no Pains to bring them acquainted with . e Gofpel i for whatever the firft Jdvcnturefs to North- : America might be, the firft real Settlers were indudrious, ; aceable, confcientious Perfonp, diflenting from the Dijclplittc the eftabliflied Church, though agreeing with it in DdSftitiiy • o removed into ihofc remote Regions, upon no other View ^ an to enjoy the Liberty of their Cenfciences without Hazard T themfelves, or Offence to others j they were not Crimi- : s, nor were they necefiitous ; nor had they, with their ; "sthren, made any Attempt to overthrow the Church and > te eydid. And what I fay of them, their uniform proper > ndud, and meek Principles of Obedience, on all Occa- : ns, fully prove. After they were arrived fome time, and i was found necefTary, they made Laws to forbid any Perfon urchafing Lands without the Approbation of the Legifla- re, to prevent the Natives being over-reached, or ill ufed v their private Bargains : And thofe Lands, lying moft conr > anient for them, have iA moft of our Colonies been made • nalienable, and never to be purchafed out of their Hands, an which nothing could more demonftrate the Colonies are and Concern for theNatives. Ajtid this their CondmEt them Ls fully and conclafively proved by the Laws of al- '. loft every one of our Norths American Colonrei?. Yet nothing lould oblige the Indians to Peace and P'riendfliip in fome of* rPicwiBCes. They were alarmed with ftrong Jealoufies fithe growing Power of the* £w^///J, therefore began a War "ith jrRcfolution to extirpate them, before they had too well- " eflabliftied 1 . IJ^.. ' 1^ . -, .-'*'• i»- »-*" -^ <^^ V t \ ■i ■•> \ ( 34 ) «AibOflied themfHvety which forced c^ People ia {furfucl iliem through all their Receiies, till they obliged them tol enter into a folemn Treaty ot Peace. Such '^owever w«i| the perfidious Nature of fome of the Anutican Savages, that they foon renewed their Hoftilities, though to their own fatal Cbft< And ever fmce the Settlement of the French at Canada^ many Tribes of Indians have almoft (ionftantly, both in Peace arid War with t^e Two Crowns^ been animated and affiled by them to War againft fome one or other of our Colonies, and have given then^' but few Intervals of Peace, and, tholii veiy (hort ones., to this Day. ' V ^ But notwithftanding all the wife, juft, and humane Con-I dud' of our Colonies, in a legiflative CharaiSler, which hur alfo been extended to all De^ings and Intercourfe with the I Natives,'! ahfi fenfible great Frauiis and Abufes have been! impofed upon* the Ifidiam by private People, in Defiance of I ^he fevereft Laws, and the mofl pur^£lual Execution of themj oil OfFendei^S when 'dete-. ( as ) |i«ve put tbemfelves and their Lands under the Superintend jencf an^ IPrate^n of the Crewn of GruH'Britah^ iftA^ [hey might be fecuired againft the Encroachments and Drpre^^ lations of the Freruh. And the Right refulting from the' , Purchafes and Ceffions of the Natives^ a» much as it is de- pried and undervalued by fome People, is in fa£l the only jud * ind equitable one. Therefore I am extremely forry to fee uiy of his Mftjefty's Subjects, at this critical Coniundiirt ef- accially, endeavouring to prove that \ve derivt no Title from [he Natives', and that they am not the Subje^b of the Crown Df Gnat-Britain \ for it not only gives Franct a handle igainft us, but it makes many of his Maieji^\ fober and' > linking Subje£^s doubt the Judice of our Caufe, and WhetV^ lis is the Cafe they do not aiTifl in the common Caufe with; Ibat Spirit and Ability they otberwife would do> and which kvas never wanted to be exerted to the utmoft, more than at jthil prefent Time. t^ k-Ar .'t t ^ \ \ Ot ?»"•'■%' . ■ i ••« *K N.|,. "5 .. . •'(" I ' ■» 5«()OpJGJOI(^)«)5(5«gO(3»OJOK)^^ f (i»/<,t ♦. .,, ( I, *■ '.«* 'i •A' i \^i CHAR 1 V36) , ' : 'I f ( ?1^ ^■^U' I ■Uli- ■^ C H A P. II. France. r TbtJirftDif- coveriesoftbt French, ««y»J|U>i''''"" ' ■*«*^--'-----*«a««a«fe'»«»*ir.tr: ■ < 37 ) mlii^Iantii then'went to Port Royal va, Aced'tt^ and returned. [o France in i6c6 with all his People. In 1603 the 'Frmch irft began to fettle on the River St. Lawrence^ on the North >iJe nczr Trois Rivieresy and in 1608 at Rebeck. They I'cnt on fettling on the North Side of the River onlv, between ^eheck and Montreal till 1629, when Sir David Kirk re^ 3uced Rebeck and its Dependencies, called Canada or Neiv^ "^rancty to the Obedier^ce of the Crown of Great-Britain^ irhich was reftored to France by Treaty in 1632, and they ^ave remained in Pofleffion of it ever iince. But certainly liey derive no Right by this Ceffion to any further Extent of ^erritory than what was taken from them, which was only leDiftri^l and Settlements between ^w^i^fi ind Montreal in the North Side of the River. This is the Way France Acquired Can^da^ the Limits of which I have ftated lit Pagis ^8.- By the Treaty of Utrecht^ fo far confirmed )y that of Ji.v La ChapeUci the Iflands of lape-Bretony St. JehnSj Jntlcojia^ atid all )ther Iflands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, i^efc ceded to France ; notwithftanding they i^ere again o\xx% by the Conqucft of Jcadie ov V;^^^Jll]f^ iMm-iSVff/itfin 1710, which wasfurrendercd J^^" ! "/vjl to her Britannic Majejiy with all its Dependen- "^ ' " :es exprefled in the Governor's Commiffion, md all the Iflands in the Gulf of St. Law- ^ence were a>as foon as they had built thofe two Forts,! threatened to ddhoy al! liie French Subjects of his Majejin and burn their Settlements without their Forts on the Peninfula, if tliey did not retreat into the Country within their Forts ;l therefore they, who have always inclined to the French on] acco«nt of their Religion, t^fc. tho' ever indulged in the free Exercife of that and every thi'g elfe, burnt their Houfes, de-l ftroycd their PlantatLous, and went under the Protedion of] the Frenchy who affured them of ample Amends for the^ Lofles and Sufferings. Here they are prote(Sled and' nouriflsedl In an Antipathy to his A^ajefty, his Government, arid ftisl People, People, and prove as good Subje£ts to the French King su any he has in America. Thcfe People became the Subje^^s of the Crown of Great-Britain when Nova-Scotia was re- tluced in 1710, upon Condition they did not take up Arms for, nor againft us. But, contrary to their Oaths of Allegi- ance, many of them have been detected in joining the French aiid Indians both in Peace and War againft his Maje/iy% Subjects. There may be in this Province about ten thoufand of thefe French Neutrals, as they are called, though fomc makf them amount to fifteen thoufand, and others but to' fc'ven thoufand Thus the French have a powerful Colony in the Heart of this his Alajeftys Province, The French have alfo rq-builr a Fort in this Province fmce the Peace of Aix La Chafelle, at the Entrance into the River of St, John*%i on the Weftern Side of the Bay of Fundy oppoilte to, and diftant ten Leagues from Jnnapolis-' Royal i by which they have the Command of the River St. vim^ '"■ rf"» B 7*'^'''*^ 7«^/tf«5, being about an hundred and fifty fighting T^hu th B^^"' whom they occafionally ilTue upon the People of the , . BNorth-Eaft Parts of New-England, At the Entrance into ns hrti ' aW^^^ River there is a capacious Road for Ships of Uny Burthen, it had a ■ ^*^^ *^" *^ North-Side of the Road is a Streight, not Piftol Shot over, through which there is no pafling put at the Top of the Tide when the Water is upon a Level, for at other times the Fall is fo confiderable, efpecially at low Wa^er. as to make a Defcent of thirty Feet. This Entrance on which the French Fort Itands, is lined an both Sides by a fblid Rock, two Forts I ^"'^ ^^^ "^^^^ '^^" ^^^y Fathom of Water in its Middle, his Ma'e/im ^^^^ y^^ ^^^^ pafTed this Streight the River fpreads itfelf • i Peniniuia ■ ^^^^ * *" Width, and with a gentle Current towards its heir Forts '.■^^'^^^^ admits a delightful Navigation for large Ships, fixty ; French onB^"^^ into the Country, and much further for fmaller Veflels ; in the frecB ^^^^"^ '*^ Source from three parts of St .Lawrence River, one Houfes de-B^^^^'^^ ^^ dire6tly oppofite to ^iebeck. The French have rotedlion fl ^^^^ conveyed Succours and Merchandize from Old France Is for thctfft^*^ Rebeck, both in Peace and War, up this River, to avoid d nouriftiedB ^^^ ^^^'^''y ^^^ Rifque of the Navigation of St. Lawrence it arid fiisi i?'^^''* ^y ^^^* River alfo they, as Occafion requires,£onvcy People, iO the Houfes, eath. . And War with rag our Peo- .« • It fP •« ^ 'i ol \ 4^ / , ^. «.^-_- ^. f . I fo6ps and Stores from Rebeck to th6 Neutral French^ tKe Jntliansi and their other Forces in NovaScotia. And if tHey Ve fifiFered to remain in Pofleflion of this River they may al- ways have a Communication between France and Cahada in Winteii-, which they caiiqot have only from May to OMer\ by St. Ldwaretice River, and they will at all times have a much more fafe and eafy Conveyance to and from Canada than by ^. Laiurence. But what is more rrt'aterial they will be fur- niihed with a Harbour, more commodioufly fxtuated for an- noying the Brit'tjh Colonies, by Men of War and Privateers in Time of War, than that American Dunkirk Louijbourg it- felf ; .and at all times a convenient Port near thq Ocean foi furnilhing Naval Stores to Cld France^ and their Sugar Colo- nies with LuTrtber of all forts for the Conftru£ilon of Dwelling | Hoiifes, Sugar Mills and Cafk to contain their IHands pro- 1 duce> whii:h is what they have long aimed at, but nt^ti could fecure before. In fhort their j's not one Advantage we derive frohi the four Provinces of New-, Englandy that they will not reap from this River when the Country comes to be lully fettled by them. And they are bent upon fecuring a Footing uj>dn or near the Atlantic Ocean, jjs thiey h»e not one Port, or any Territory in their own North- American Colonit^s near it> But the Iflands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence^ whicliyic)4 them nothing but a Security of their Fifhery, and a Situa- tion to diftreis and knnoy our Colonies, and their T^ade and N^vigation,^ in Time of War. The French alfo deny bur Right to navigate or vifit any rart of Novu-Scapa in tKe Gjit of Canfo and Gulf of St. Lawrence^ or to vifit and fettle (7i»w/3, which we fettled foon after the Peac^ of t/tr^ht as part of Nova-Scotia, 3J\i^ carried on our principal Fifhery at, till ihc late War when they took it from us \ but Sir tViUiam, Pepperell Ttco\QTed it in his way to the Siege of Ltuifiour^, An4:every Yearfince the Peaqeof >f/> La Gfc^«;/fe the Gp- vtinac oi Louijbourg, and the Compnaijders in Chief of dbe Men of War. th^t have Jreen ftatipned tiicre, have given pujblic Notice that they willfei^ andj:or^fifcate tXL EnMtV^S^sf they find at Cattfoi the Gut cf Carfi^ or in the (9«lf cr^^ JLawrtkce* f^nnci^ the! 1k6\ak lArti Tdrts tSiey fk^ slH^ thttmiblves' of srtf^ ^iid iftheyltRtf ftavinct of ]^(n;^'ScffHa, except xhAScfith-Ea/eriifctiin^ ^py may al-lfdla. Arid aithough they da hot |to d.6^t\y more towards fettling, eve h th6 f^ehinfula ^ thaiit (ikPrvf bur in the Gjit and fettle ' Uimbt as Fif^ery atj Sir tfiUiam^ Lwifiimrg^ tfrtheGp- hief of tiie iv^ puUic Qulf lysPr^nfiitceqf ets Bay I { ( ?.» I • ;v (44 ) " they refide in has taken the greateft Care to accommodate them with every thing they require, and to prevent Frauds and Abufes being impofcd upon them by private Perfons ; for no one is allowed either Trade with them or to purchafe Lands, but by the Government's Appointment. P'or the Management of Trade with them, a ComrailTary General is appointed by the Legiflature, and convenient Store Houfes have been many Years built, where they may at all times be accommodated with every thing they recjuire at no more than TWeter Cent, advance upon the original Coft at Bofion by wholefale for re-'^v Money, and they are allowed the fuU Piicc thejr fun ana .>/w will yield at the Bo/ion Market, which is vaftly more profitable to ihem than the French can pofiibly fubmit to. ^ut notwithstanding all thefe wife and juftJUgulations, atijd frequent Subfidics, the Addrefs, Inge- nuity, and unwe.ajried Pains of thp French Priefts, who hvc among them, apd conform to their }A^nx\er of Life \n every reiped, by which they are fo difguife4 as frequently to t>e taken for Indians^ has proved ftiperior to ^11 our Efforts, and they will do nothing witjiout their Advice and confent, but when awed by Force j therefore the Governor of the Majfa- chufets carried one Thoufand Soldiers with him laft Year to force them to renew Treaties^ and perijiit t^ie two Forts to be built, and nothing but a fuperior Force ^ijl evQ^ be able to rival French Prigftcraft anH Ufefulnels, for m,o^ pV thefe Priefts are good Mechanics, and prove vaftly ferv^ceablc^o the Indians in the common Concerns of Life. ' . Since the Peace 'oi{ Aix La QbapeUe the French have built a Fort ^l Cawafi oiCahaJpr . on Conne£ficuti River in the Province ofNtw^ Hampjhire, which is one hunffre^^ and forty Milt J South of St. Lawrence Kivcr^ md a^ many Miles deep in his Majefty*)? Territo;? ries. ' ■*'.. French Em' th his Ma^ef New- Hamp- Ihirc., ^' jThere are no friendly nor enemical Indians ip, tjiis Pro- vince, except a few Stragiers, but the French havef harraflcd^ bw» ■ (45 ) his Majefty's Subjects in the Frontier Settlements atmoft every Year fince the Peace of Aix La ChappfJie with the In- curfions of the Indians that refide' about Lake Irequois or Champlahy belonging to the Province of New-Tor k^ who do not exceed fixty fighting Men, and who have killed, fcalp- ed, and captivated many of our People in this Province. As to the Province of New-York and the Five Nations hereditary and conquered Coun- French tn- try, the French have got Pofleffion of all that e^»achmtnt ^i jPart of it that lays to the Northward of St. D'p'-fdaiiont Lawrence River and the Five great Lakes, ^^^'^Majcftys and all that Part of it to the Eaftward that ^ew' Yoik Jays between our Fort of Ofwego on the Lake dfitarioy and the Mouth of the Iroquois or Sorrei River upon the South S'^^e of the River St. Lawrence, and as far South from the BanKs of this River, as River Iro" quois and Lakes Iroquois,, or Champiain, vaASacrement. They ufurpcd all this vaft Ex :cnt of Territory, By one Fort built on the North Side of the Eafl Entrance of Lake 0«/^m in 1672. By one Fort fituated at Mlfilimakinac near the Lakes Huron, Michigan and Superior in 1673. By one Fort built on the Streight between Lakes £rie and Huron in 1683. By one Fort ere and another Fort on the fame Streight in 1720. By one Fort on the Weft Sid?, and another on the River St. yopph on the Eaft Side, of Lake Michigan, another oi» the Weft Side of Lake Toronto, and three more Forts and a r«;gular fortified Town, with a Citadel, called St. Frederic or Crown Point, at the Lake and River of Iroquois, or Cham" plain Lake, and Richlieu, or Sorrel River, all of which Forts, CsTf. were built between the Peace of Utrecht and the Com- mencement of the l^.te War. The French have in this Province alfo, feveral other Towns and Villages between the Mouth oi Iroquois River and Mon^ treal on the South Side of St.^ Lawrence River \ ia which, . • ' ' with H 'f ! !. .% :•«■» *l \ i I (46) "wrlth tbfe C>:Mtn \ ilJages tliey have in tlic MaJj'uJMif^ts^ iVo- vincc, there are twenty-eight Parifli Churches. And ihcy luyc Uefides the Forts already mentioned, ipany Stockade Forts, or Block -houfesjfjr Trading Lodges, in t!)is Province. Two l^undred French Jndinns, accompanied by fome Catifidmns difguifed ii^e Jndians^ made an irruption into this Province Jaft Ycfir, furprizcd 4he Town of Houfack, facKedandiburnt it, and MafTucrcd and captivated both Men, Women and Children, .except a very hvi that riin away. The French have fiiice the Peace qf Aix La Chapelle fei?:ed fevcral of oUr Traders in the Country of the Five Natiomy confifcatcd their £ffccl<;, and ln;idc them ^^y the .Price of Slaves for their Redemption. They have been continually, fince the Peace q^ Jlx Ijf CiapeiUy tifing every Artifice, and frequently, Force, to draw off the Indians in this Province a ^ well as in .a)l the reft from the Brittjh Intcrefl. Laft Year they pcrfuaded pne half of the On&ndago Indians, one of the Five Nstions, with fcveral from the other Nations, to remove frQiTX the Place of their iifual Rcfidence to a Place called Ofweegachic on the River Cadaraqui, where they have built them .a Church gnd Fort. Many of the Scnekas the moft numerous Nation of the Five, appear t^ be wavering and rather inclined to the French. In ihort, a great Defedticn manifefts itfelf among. all the Five Nations^ for not more than a hundred and fifty of the feveral Nations attended the Congrei^ held at Albany laft Year, though they had notice that all his Mayfi-f.^ Governments would have Commiffipners :hcre wlth.Prefcnts fipm m^ft provinces as well as from the King^ and on all preceding like Occalions there were never lefs than fix or fevcn hundred. 'I'he utmoft that could be obtained of ti\em at this Meeting, was an Agreement to ftand neuter in our Pifputes with the French, for they unanimouily declared, that fo far from adding ara-nft the French they fliould be obliged to m-^t the belt l^erms they could with them, in order to prefecvc tb^mfeves and their Country from being deftroyed by their , powerful -" Arms. The EngUJh, they pbferved, wouldjp.ot fi^t for them- fclves, and as for them they could no^ defepd their owa Country ^Aitr??'''V'|H.:^ i^f."2.-S »«".-'• And they Stockade Province. by fonie )tion into HQufack, oth Meri) away. Nationsy e .Price of Qf Jix I0 :, to draw e reft from )ne half of 'ith fcveral ce of their the River iind Fort, fthc Five, c French. 11 the Five the feveral laft Year, verpments Fippi moft :e(|ing like \ hundred, r Meeting, 8 with the om adding :e the belt t^icmfeves ■, powerful ■ tforthem- their own. Country ( 47 ) Country and that of the Englijh too. But if they faw the Englijh a£t powerfully, and that their own Country, Wives, and Children were fafe while they went forth to War, they then (hould be glad to meet the Governor of New-Tor k and the Commifli'jners again, for it was againft their Inclination to treat with the French, but Ncceffity compelled them. Therefore if fome bold Stroke is not foon made to retrieve our loft Reputation and the wonted Confidence and Friendftsip of this brave and faithful People, who upon all other Occa- fions have been bur heft Friends and have it in theiJr Power to be our worft Eniemies, fo as to a£l in our Favour and to influence their Allies and Tributaries^ who, together with the Five Nations^ make feventeen thoufand Men^ to do the fame, wc fhall not only lofe the Afliftance of the whole IntUan In- tereft of North-America^ but have it turned againft us. For IrJlanSy like more refined and politer Nations, will not join the Weakeft, elpecially when their own Country is in danger from the Strongeft in the Field j and it is impoftible for their Sachems to reftrain their young Men, who delight in War more than any thing elfc, when all their Neighbours are en- gaged, and the Sound of War echoes from HiU to Hill all around them. • The French have fince the Peace of Aix La ChqpelU built two Forts on Beef Rivery French j?«- which iiiues from the South Side of L^ke Erie croachments ^ in his Majeftfs Province of Pennfylvania j Depredations and laft Year they forcibly attacked and took in hisMajeJiys 4 Fort built by his Majejiys exprefsCom- Province of mand at the Conflu«nce of the Rivers Mo- Pennfylvama. hmgala and Ohio in this Province, which they remained in Pofteftion of when the laft Advices came away. They alio have feized feveral of the Traders among the Indians in this Province, and made them pay for their Redemption, and confifcated all their EfFeds to a very greac Value, for one of thefe Confifcations amounted to upwards •fi8,coo/» '% ■ G In ^>, 1,1 hi 1. .t French En- :roacl}mcnts and Di'pre- datims in bis Majerty'j Province Thc^ to the N vanahy at the inlan row, but mounteJ in Time r48; In 1750 the French built a Fort in his Ma- jcrty's h'rovince of l^'irginia on the River On- bucht' or St. 'Jii'onh in the Heart of the Coun- try of the Twightwt'dSy or Jl.fiumisj Indians^ in ftriiSl Frienilfliip with his Maicfty ; and laltlry. * J\' Year they (but three hundred French Families I j uj* to fettle about this Fort. In 1751 they built another Fort at SandojU on the South Side of Lake Erie in this Province. They have alfo one Fort upon the River Illinois^ one at the Confluence of the 'BJwQx^ Ouhacbc and ObiOi one jX the Junction of the Riven Krgun*^;« MiJJ'otiri ziv\ MiJJiJftpi^ one higher up the River -^{^^^'''j l-^und it and one at the Confluence of the Rivers Kajkakins a"^ ■Rivers A MiJJiJJipiy all built in Times cf Peace lince the 'Freaty of Utrecht y and within this his Majesty's Province. Virfrinia. »/ French h ,the Mijfi ment as another f Laft Year they marched a Body of regular Troops, Mi- litia and Indians into this Province, and attacked and de- feated four hundred of his Majesty's Forces at the Great Meadows. They compelled our Commander in Chief of thofe four hundred Men to enter into Articles of Capitula- tion and give Hoftages, in as forma! a Manner as if War had ajEtually been proclaimed between the two Crowns. But the very Night they were figned the Frencli broke them, which we have great Reafon to rejoice at, for they were the moft infamous a Britijh Subject ever put his Hand to. The French have for thefe two or three Years part fet their Indians loofe upon the Inhabitants of this Province alfo, an! killed, fcalped, and captivated many of them, feized fOme of their EfFeds, and forced thofc that were fettled without the Mountains, together with fome of our friendly Indians^ to break up their Settlements and retire within the Mountains. And, They continued to have, by the laft Advices, two thoufan( two hundred regular Troops and Militia, and fu; handr6 '^o . , Indian Warriors at their Forts in this Province ahd Finnfyl vania that are near the Ohio^ and threatened a fuftRdr ^trOii tion^ for which they were prcparino . fdlow Sul whic'.i wa of a Trai well fortii Fort and two more Forts, or numerabl other fm< ed, on an fince the In 17; a few th NautcheCi which rii itfelf into were in { of a forn courfe an< Night, ai -'■•<** in his Ma- c River O;/. f the Couii- , Inti'iansy in i anJ iail ith P'ainilic3 they built iouth SiJe of ey have alfo uence of the the Riven 'cr Mijfour'i, ijhikins and e Treaty of tice. rroops, Mi- :ed and de« at the Great in Chief o of Capitula- ;r as if War ivo Crowns, broke them, ley were the dto. sars part fet rovince alfo, , feized f6me without the ' IndianSy to Mountains. vinca of Noith and South Ca" rolina. ( 49 ; The Northern Boundary of Georgia extending to the Northernmoft Branch of the River Sa- French£w- vanahy and from thence due Weft indefinitely, croochments the inland Frontier of the Caroltnas is very nar- in his Ma- row, but as narrow as it is the French have mounted two Forts in it on the MiJJiJfipl River id Times of Peace, and fmce the Treaty of Utrecht. In his Majesty's Province of Georgia the French have one Fort built at the Mouths of the MiJ/iJ/ipi in 1699; another Fort and Settle- French£«- ment as the Bay of Mobile begun in 1701 ; cronchmentt another Fort and Sctt'.ement at the IJle Dauphin andDepre- [begun in 1 702 ; another Fort, with a Settlement dations in \To\xnA it, at Jlihamousy at the Confluence of the his Ma- Rivers Mcbile and Locufachee in the Heart of our jefly'jPr<7- "iiiow Subjects the Upper Creek Indians Country, vince of whic'.i was beguo in 1 7 14 under the old Pretence Georgia, of a Trailing Lodge j the City of New-Orleans well fortified on the Mijftjftpi River founded in 1 7 1 7 ; another Fort and Settlement at Fanfacola on the Gulf of Mexico ; two more Forts on the Miffiffipi River, befides many Stockade 'Forts, or Block-houfes, for Trading Lodges among the in- Inunaerable Indians in this Country ; and they have feveral other fmall Towns or Villages, befides thofe I have m0^ $ ^ A I' Cruelty of the French being communicated to the Cbkkefevt Indians who refide a little to the Northward of the Nautcbeei Country, and they fearing the like Fate, as they were in the ftriiSleft Fricndfhip and conftantly traded with the En^l'ijh they declared War againft the French, and it has not been in the Power of all their own Force and Policy. to prevail on thcra to make Peace to this Day, nor could they ever prevail on any other Indians tojoin'againftthem, as they are remarkable fpr Faith and Bravei"y, as their War is efieemed juft and Jieccflary, and as they are highly revered for their Military Atchicvements. Thefe Chickafaws have been as fevere a Scourge to the French Colony of Louifiani^ as -any of their Indians hzve been co any of our Colonies j but their long and constant Hoftilities againft the French have rediiced them to four hundred fighting Men only, who continue the War with as much Spirit and Intrepidity as ever. The French of Louijiani have entirely alienated the ChauSas frqpiourlntereft, who refide in their Neighbourhood between the Mobile and MiJJiJftpi, and amount to live thoufanJ fight- ing Men, " '■ '■ : \ ■' K ^ ■ : And by their Fort at AUbamms they have obtained fuch Influence among the Upper Creek Indians^ amounting to one thoufand two hundred Men, that they Would have broke out againft Carolina and Georgia feveral times, if it had not been for the Interpofitiori of the Lower Creeks y who 'amount to C^c thoufand three hundred Men, and are ourfuft Friends. ■1" \ From this Dcdudlibn of French Encroach- *p}e French ments it appears that they have dr^wn a Line, have fur- and have a Chain of Forts and Settlements, all rounded his along the Back of our Settlements from the Majejly^ Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Mouths of the Colonies with MifliiTipi in the Gulf nf Mexicoy whereby they FortSy &c. have alccomplifhed thcit ancient Dedgn of fur- rounding the Britijh Northern Colonies Settle- inents, of fortifying themfelves on the Back thereof, of taking PolTeffion of the moft hnportant Pafles of the great Rivers and Lalces, and* of drawing off the Indians to their Intereft, whoi they have more or lefs conftantly, both in Peace and War, . - iftued .n. .''"' ■ %k ^'^ It. ^t j^*^' , . ^ , i-. :■* if ^ ^iifatj^j ifTued fr which d grefs of, ormakji terrible habitant no Man ajain ; Apprehe and can cruel T deemed obliged JCandloi and the Pcrfons Buftnefs Defpair habitar I fay ancient Goverr ftantly 1 now fa : CbickefttVf e Nautcbtei were in the the En^iijb not been in /ail on them prevail on remarkable ed jud and eir Military as ievere a iny of their eir long and ced them to e War with ^zChauSas )od between ufani fight- )tatned fuch king to ointing out //ziMajeftys fome of the Caufes, which if removed, the Ef- Cobnisi fe£b will ceafe, and to acquit his M a j e s t Y*s injurioujly Colonies of the cruel Accufation, from charged with |*crfous of !ill Ranks ahnoft iq this Country, Negleffs^ &c. I is I }, *.. In \ I; :■•: ■n.: I ( i '1 ' . '■■ I i 1 ! ' i ] ' '' i vV. I ^„. ,..«4#iil^-ii~»>^,..*^. :i. \:i ( 5^ ) of having ncgle^lpd their own Defence, and, by other cri- minal Condi<6l, having invited the Calamities they fuffer. This has b€en very induftrioufly propagated by fame People, who have found it neceflary to biame the Colonies, the bet- ter to excufe themfelves ; and by others who have had fup- port in their Clamours from a late Pamphlet called, a Brief State of the Province of Pennfyhama^ wh'ch I fliall fay no more of at prefent than that it is calculated for private Pur- pofes, at the Expence of a very refpeftable Body of People called ^aiersy to whom this Country is more obliged than moft People at prefen^ know or can imagine-, and who will very foon be acquited, with Honour, ot" the exceptionable Condu61: laid to their Charge. Some People virould do well in neVer lofing fight of this, being, of all others, the moft im- proper time to inflame the PafHons and alienate the Hearts of even the moft remote and infignificaiit of his Majejiy% Sub- jftit" "'^-i«i". other cri- ley fufFer. ne People, s, the bet' /e had fup- ed, a Brief hall fay no rivate Pur- of People )Iiged than I who will ceptionable lid do well e moft im- ; Heaitsof ^ejiys S'jb- y Meafure ; Interefts, f's Subje£b with XhTAT )r the Re- uring him blame, as , Temper, re become ty's Nor- :he Britijh interprizes, I ; by their ops in Ca- of Aix La g them in rith a bare onies, and Powers of Ships ; by • - fending -M 55) .'■ fending two thoufand five hundred regular Troops td Canada,, and thiCe thoufand five hundred to the Miifiilipi in 1753 j * and by the vaft Aimament that has been fo long preparing at .Brejfy and perhaps now failed, confefledly for Canada. Let any Man reflect on thefe things, taking into his View at the fame time the Condudl of the French in refpedl to the Neutral IJlands in the Weji-lndies ; § in refpeft to the Bahama Iflands, wl Ich they have trumped up a Claim to fmcc the Peace of Aix La ChapelU, and did two Years ago fet up Crodes upon foine of them; with Copper Plates, containing; the French King's Arms, and a Declaration that they wer«: to preferve the Rights of Louis XIV, which Rights we never heard of before- } in reCpedt to our Eaji-India Company in * This I know to be true from ADtbority. ^ [n 1 749 the Courts of Greuf- Britain and France entered into a new Convention refpeAing thefe Iflandi^ which the French were very bufy in fettling contrary to Treaty. And for the- Sake of Peace Great Britain dill condefcended to let, what (he has a ^ole and jtift Right to, remaia Neuter ; that is, neither We nor France (hould attempt the Settlement of either of them, and that France (hould immediately break up what Set'.' -nents were made there, and her Sabjei5^s (hould immediately evr ; the Iflands. . Orders were fent accordingly to the Governor _, . lurtinico^ but he dying before they reached Martinica, his Succeflbr faid the Orders were not direded to him, and he would not ej(ecute them. Upon this new Orders went, and fome of our Men of War faw them ex- ecuted. Since this they have again ieized upon, and are fettling them with a high Hand. They have already got four thou(and Souls on St. Lucia, near two thoufand Souls on Dominico, and near one thoufand Souls on St. Vinctnt, and they have fortified each of thefe Settlement«, and have lately begun (O (eulcToiago, another of thefe Iflands. In 1754. By the heft Account a Gentleman could obtain at Barbados, of the Settlement of the four Neutral JJlands ; there was at St. Lucia, Whites 5,000, Negro's 30,000, and 4,000 Iodiaj)S. On Dominice 4,000 Whites, 25,000 Negro's, and 5,000 Indians. On St. ^/»««/ 3,000 Whii«#, 18,000 Negro's, and 40,000 Indians. On Tchago 17 French Men, 10 Negro's, and 1 20 Indians. The Whites on St. Lucia, Deminico, a&d St. Vin- tent, moftly French. .l--fi d I ! i \ .■v/, '' Si u J ■ i ( ! 'i I (54) Jjid ; and In rcfpe£l to the Coaft of jffrica ; and it if -^- pofiiV 'c for hire to doubt the Juflice of our Caufe, or the Nectffity of our going to War, if the French will not im- ^ sic:dliately rdinquilh the whole of their Encroachments upon his Majeji/s Territories, and make Individuals 72'? Satis fac- in particular, and the Nation in general, am- tion^ibe Hon- pie Satisfaction for the LofTes they have fuf- our and yttf- tainc j, and the vaft £xpence we have been at HceoftbeNa- in Afta-An^ Anurica^^ and for the Expence of tion requires o\ x prefent Armaments both by Land and Sea ; from the which amounts to infinitely more than it will French require to drive them out of the NevyWarld. Can the Honour and Juftice of the Nation put up with lefs ? If we do except of Icfs, may not the Na- tion ejfpedl:, iind won't it deferve, to be ufed by other Nations, as a noted Coward is, bullied and male-treated by every little Fellow ? But notvvithftanding the bad Condition of llii Majefty*s our AfTairs we ought not to Defpair ; On "Declaration the contrary, thank God, we may now ^hear upont^e prefent up, for behold his Majefy glorioufly declar- Stateof/ljfairs ing in his late Speech to Parliament^ that in America. '• I never could entertain a Thought of pur- *' chaung the Name of Peace, at the Expence of fufFering Encroachments upon, or of yielding up, what Is juftly belonging to Great- Britain^ either by ancient Pof- feffion, or by folemn Treaties, Your Vigour and Firm- nefs, on this important Occafion, have enabled me to be prepared for fuch Contingences as may happen. If reafon- able a.*d honourable Terms of Accommodation can be agreed upon, I (hall be fatisfied." It cannot be imagined that the French will No Saiisfac- give up their Encroachments, by any Man tion cnn he ex- that knows their infinite Importance to them ; fe£iedfrom the and all that they have hitherto done, or can French. be expelled they will do, is to make Propofal ' after Propofal, taking care the laft is more favourable than the preceding, knowing you can't except the ^ moft cc (C 4C C( «( (C moft favoi foytitig, a you may they are ( French al vounng t( concerting Britain h; fo often i lefs Natio iiftcn to 1 Home an bont'uminj for War, Norc^n i be again tion with in the Ti miflfaries, rtcoy and Majejly'i ■funs, am ^ower ir compel tl tual Ob( to an Ac Terms i and givit mcnts ar and info into it. nor we Nation's we conf to conte naW Thi^ Infults ,-t d it if ■^•- ife, or the ill not im- nents upoii Individuals neral, am- y have fuf- ive been at i)xpence of id and Sea ; :han it will the Nation ot the Na- er Nations, every little 'ondltloh of fpair ; On now f hear ufly tleclar- amenty that ight of pur- be Expence g up, what ncientPof- and Firm- d me to be If reafon- lon can be French will y any Man ce to them; me, or can ke Propofal aft is more : except the moft ^-^" { ss) ■ • , .. moft favourable they will make, till they have gained further footing, and . time to be prepared for all Events, and then you may feek ReJrefs in the Uncertainties of a War that they are prepared for. For Experience teaches us, that the French always employ Times of Negotiation, not in endea- vounng to efface the Remembrance of paft Outrages, but iii concerting the Operations for new ones. However, Great- Britain has been fo long a Sufferer by French Perfidy, and fo often deluded by the treacherous Negotiations of th?it faith- lets Nation, that it cannot be fuppofed that (he will any longer ilftcn to their infiJious Propbfals, ti^an till wa are ready at Home and Abroad to give them a decifive Blow ; therefore tontiiiuing to negotiate v/ith them, while we are preparing iPorWar, icaii do us no Injury, but may b? very political. Norci^n it be fuppofed that Greet- Britain mil fuflfer herfelfto be again deceived by entering Into d Treaty of Accommoda- tion with that perfidious Power, but what fettles every Point in the Treaty, and does not refer thfe leaft Particular toCom- miflfaries, that can poflibly be difputed, m Europe^ J/iay Af^ rtcoy and America ; and not even this till his ^ Majejly is reftored to his j uft Rights and Poffef- ^o Accomm- fiuns, and has accumulated fo miich additional Nation '^'t^ Power into his own Hands, as can at all times '^^J^'^^ch till compel them to an exadt E:>tecution, and punc- yj^,' c^^-' * tual Obfervation, of the Treaty. For to come "(.^^Jy a^ait'/i to an Accommodation with them on any other J'* S J Terms is only purchafing the Name of Peace,, and giving Being and Support to new Encroach- ments and a new War. But this the b- jghty future En- croetchmtnts l^ Depredations, and infolent Gallic will never fubniit to till heartily drubbed into it. And certainly there never was a greater NecefHty, nor we cannot expedl: a more proper Conjun6lure for this Nation's entering Upon the Work tlirn the prefent, whether we confldcr the Nature and Greatnefs of the Object we are to contend for, or our Ability, compared with theirs, to carry fcn a War however remote and difcotitiguous. Thi,^ Nation has often entered into W^r to revenge the Infults and Injures affe ' this Country will receive a fatal Shock. But what >vijl your Landholders, ManufaSlurers, Artificers, MerchantSi-i^^* fay of the Importance of your Colonies, and the Neceffiy of going to War to regain and preferve them entire, if it cani^ot be done ^ar in the I by other Means, when they refle<9k that if they are loft, they our Troops I will lofe one Third of their Property and Bufinefs in general ; e have moftj for it is certain, that full one Third of our whole Export of Foreigners| the Produce and Manufactures of this Country is to our Co- * and //^r/fryllonies, an|d in proportion s^this diminiihes or increafes, their ^ if we have is of Accom- h forthwith, jy will yield rily,we have rn Coloniei, eing of your md the moil lole Empire, f is fupplied )thcr Naval n them we equently an > Rice, &c. It Eftates rt- I *■ ; ', Bftates and Biiiineis muft increafe or diminlOi } (or as oi the Body Natural a Finger can't ach but the whole fcdi it, fo in the Body Politic d>e remoteft and mofl infigniBcaht cf your Colonies can't decay, but the Nation mutt fuffcr with it. Therefore the Mother Country muft needs rejoice in the Se- curity and Profperity of every one of her Colonics, bccauie it is her own Security and Profperity; i^nd the Colonies arc to her as the Feet are to the Natural Body, tlie Suj^poit of the whole Political Frame. And they have enabled us to make the Figure we do at prefcnt, and have done for upwards of a Century pa(l, in the Commercial World, from whence we have derived Wealth, Power and Glory, and thegrcateft Blc£- lings given Man to know. Confider then, if yoa ot it. So that, however great a Paradox it may appear at firft Sight, this Country ne- ver was, in point of Finances, fo capable to go to War when ' it did not owe a Shilling, as at this Inftant when it owes' ' 72,000,000/. For when w^as it tliat we had a (tatidinrg Re- venue of 2,200,000/. befides the occaflonal Million from this , Liand Tax raifcd to four Shillings in the Pound, ami the or- dinary Services of Goverruncnt ? Or when vras PiiAlic Credil^ io exteniive for new Loans as at this prcfent I'ime, tho' to all Appearance we are at the Eve of a War with tlie moil . formidable Nation in Enrepe ? And has it not often hapgened^; * in former limes, when the Nation owed little or i^tip'ftig^ and Government was in the greateft DiPtrc^ for Sti]^<*s!> ^atf^ the People could not, or would not, either pay or lend them j^"*^ But what a great A'ld will this Ability receive if tlie ()ec6- "f nomy of our American Colonies iS put upon a wife aftd fblid^* ' Foundation for the mutual Intcreft of Great-Bnt&m and her , Colonies ? Then they wiH require neither TiToops nor Mo- ney from this Country for their own Defence, or to drive the French out of the New Worlds or any other Affifbnce, but that of Men of War and the Maintenance of the re^ar :-.- . :-, . i roops fe i 1: M A I it . ! h-ti ( 60 ; Troops that have been ordered there from hence, ]et the War be ever fo long or difcontiguous, which will be not only pre- venting a vail future Expence, but the faving of the whole of the prefent for all America^ except the regular Troops and Men of War. A Fund more than equal to thefe great and neceflary Ser- vices in America may be raifed ia his Majeftf% Colonics in fuch a Manner, As will free their Trade and Commerce from injudicious and deftrudive Impofts and Redrictions \ As will put a compleat and final End to all illicit Trade in all our Colonies, whereby Foreign produce and Manufa^ures, ' clandeftinely introduced, (hajl be utterly excluded, and Bri' tijpj Produce and Manufacture^ fubftituted in iiei\ of them ; As will highly pleafe and o\)li?;e the Iand(;d and trading Iqterefts of America in feveral confiderablc Branches, and be no more ofFenfive to them in others than any mpdf(?rate Tax for Self-defence, Ip^c. is to the brj^veft and moft loyal People ? As will be fo apportioned as to demand no more of each Colony, or each Perfon, than a juft and equal Share, ac- cording to their refpeflive Abilities, cornjpared wi^h the. whole ; As will fteer clear of all the Difficulties, to the Satisfac- tion of King and People, in appropriating and ifliiing pub- lic Money complained, of by the Crown, which hascreatect the grcatefl yneafinefs in the Colonies } As will not opprefs, plague, and harrafs them in the Col- leftion, or be moftly funk by the Collectors ; And, As will enable Government to apply it in any Part of Amc' rica, fo that the Strongeft (hallfupport the Weakeft, and the Vnexpofed the expofed. Colony ; and all of them fhall a6l in, Concert agaihft the Common Enemy, without any of the Rifques and Difadvantages of the Albavy Plan of a Union. Upon thefe Principles and with thefe Views, I fhall hum- bly propofe a Plan in "my laft Chapter that appears tome to ^e adequate to thefe importanat ObjeCls ; and if it is carried into Execution, or fome other that will produce the like Ef- fects, we need not fear driving the French out of the New- mrld, 1 300,000 all Ntw- Now. Finances tliority tl whole R not a fu Year at •-X t the War t only pre- thc whole roops and ?flary Ser- olunics in njudicious Trade in ufa£lures, and Bri- >f them ; d trading ?s, and be rare Tax kl People? '■ of each hare, ac- wi^h' the. Satlsfac- iing pub- is createdj the Col- t of jfrru' , and the all adt in, ly of the Jnion. ill hum- to me to s carried like £f. le Niw- IForld^ for in our Northern Colonies we have upwards ot 300,000 effcdive Mc.i, and the French have not 30,000 in all Nt.W'Frar,cezn^ ..ouifuini. Now let us turn the Tables and look into the *rbi State of Finances of France j and here we find from Au- /A' French tliority that they have anticipated, or funk, their Financa. whole Revenue till 1761, fb that the King has not a fin^^ic Bianch but what is mortgaged down to that Year at lix or feven per Cent. Inhered, and which even he cannot refume without deftroying the whole Syftem of public Cref^it in his Kingdom. But by renewing (ome Taxes he took ofFfoon afttr the late War, and levying the twentieth Penny upon the Clergy, he will be enabled to borrow, at exorbitant Intereft, immenfe Sums till his other Revenues are redeemed. However this muft make his People, with the other peculiar Diftrefles accompanying a War with us, very untafy ; and his Power mull be greatly -enervated to what it would be if his ufual Revenues were unincumbered. And as to his North' American Colonies, he can't raife a Shilling in them for their Defence, which with his paying upwards of 1,000,000/. Sterling per Annum in Subfidics to foreign Princes, gives the beft Opportunity we can ever expert, from his Finances, to attack and reduie his dangerous Power. Our Fleet confifts of more than double the Number of Ships and Guns that the French Fleet does. But if the French go on upon the Plain for rcftoring their Navy, that they have purfued ever fince the Peace of Aix La Chapelle, their Fleet will in 1761 confift of a hundred and twenty Ships of the Line, and it does not exceed fixty-four of that Size now in the Water and building. Therefore nothing but a War can prevent this Branch of their Power from becoming, too great for our Controul, and whenever this fhall be the Cafe, adieu to all that is dear and valuable in this Country. Notwithftanduig the Z)«/f^ are funk lower in g^j^jflj the Political World, than ever their Country was prenth in the Watery, we have a new arid more pow- Hanca crful Ally of our own creating than ever they pared, • were by Land, in the Emprefs ^ccn j to her WJ ne Britifh and French Fleits com' pared. attd Ah I com' m i I: \'\ I Mi vrc nrc to arid ihc Em/.n-fs ofRuffiUy the Khg df Poland^ who is a Suhfidiary Ally (1 curs, the /T/^;^ fUSIor of Han- cver^ the Primt> of Ilefity the Ele6lor tf Bavaria ^ who us a Svibfidiaiy Ally ot ours alfo, and the Kir.^ cfSaiHlnla, In op- porition to thcfe, France has the Kingi of Sweden^ Dtnmarky •M\A fruJfin^Ko v.hom fhc pays annually in Subfidics 725,000/. Sterling ; and the EUiior of CohgtHy who has alfo a Subfidy from her» who it is n)ore than po/Tible are all the Allies fhe can depend upon in cafe of a War with us j lor l^pctn^ it is almoft impolTible to imagine will interfere as (he can have no Intereft in the Quarrel, and It is more eflfential to her to preferve Pcact with Great-Britain thati all the other Powers of Europe \ and if (he does not meddle, it is highly probable neiuicr Parma nor Naples will, as thofe two Courts are grcfetly fupported and influenced by Spain, But to admit Spain does join France and declare againfl us, her Navy added to that of France will then be no more than equal to that of ours in Ships and Guns, and the Spaniards cannot man their Fleet, nor the French vi^w^X theirs, in time of War, fo as to idt with full and combined Force at once. Thrrcfore if this fhould be the Cafe, we (liall have nothing to fear but upon the Continent of Europe, where there can be no other Authority at prefent than mercConjeifture for what part ourAllies,or thofe oi France:, will aft, or how far cither Side Ihall makfe it the Intereft of fome of the Powers in alliance to maintain a Neutrality, and others to take the Field. But I believe no Perfon that knows the Intereft and Abilities of the feveral Allies mentioned, will deny, but that vvc are now not only more able to divert the Force of France firom this Ifland, than in the late War, but that we (hall be capable of afting ofFenfively, and perhaps fo €tFe£lually, as to give us an Opportunity to employ the whole ofviur Fleet in annoying and diftreiTmg the Enemy at Sea in all Parts, and to be able to retain whatfever we recover or con- <]uer in the New-lVorld, But to fuppofe we and our Allies Ihould be beat and diftrefTed upon the Continent of Europe, it is only giving up fome ofie or other of ourConquefts xnAmerica, and we may whenever we pleafe, or the general State of Europe requires it, reconcile jarring Interefts and purchafe Repofei Rcpofe. dition ol Conquei Madroji with an Allies, i what T( Allies, \ Pofleffio God, th of ourC commer Tot] a*propos made tl Aftionsj Crown ' as :on al were bj ment in and his that upi wife Mi the Mil his Fan and Af ftrongei Therefi Govern Encour the leaf mongft juft: anc f on fo fi is impo it, tnd terprize land^ who ef Hun- , who is a r. In op< Dmmark^ 725,000/. a Subfidy Allies fhe f>ainy it is can have to her to er Powers probable are grefttly S/ Variety of Gon- fiderations for entering int« a War with Vr^rw^, to maintain our Honour and Influence, our Colonies, our Commerce and Ric^^es, indeed our Lives and Liberties. Andit is abfutxl'to fuppofc we (hall ever be ftronger for a War, in Proportion to the growing Power of France^ than we arc nowt Ti^tf jEwifl/"/^^ Third Chapter; Tht Author of the foregoing gives Notice, that the reft of this Work will be publiihed with all poffible Difpatch in London ; and as we may exped: the other Copy by the firft Vcf- fcl from thence, it will be publiihed here foe the great Benefit to the Plantations in general.. ^itft 1 fV Sumi )f the firfl )tate of the I. Some the granting Ifland Coloi oining Frei Tarious Nati LndSkinTi IV. The Pi lades of the The Cev IcbufettiBa] trefent Pre ngland. L New laibchufel khat ProvM |ate Colony iie£licut, ac lilTioners ^ »nd confim cording to Siftjerfey ^iflatures til. V.I Voprietori Seing fmal lovernme jegiflaturt me Famil; ioundarie: *« /« ih in his J ttverits tit Pre at ibis ^ their H. B. T4 _fff- t-yf^is^fi^ ,_:.::Ma»»0!lte>t*,-. Earned mce alt a War. in every ne-t and e6l fucli of Gon-. naintain Jrce and bfurd to oportibti e, that I with as we^ ; Vcf- re foe enerah. To be Sold by D. Fowle, A. Summary, Hiftorical, and Political,. 3f the fir ft Planting, progreffive ImproveiiieBtv, and preiienc State of the Britifli Settlemcnta in North-America. By WILLIAM DOUGLASS, m. d. The Firft Volame contain*, L Some general Account of ancient and modem Colonies the granting and fettling of the Britiih Continent and Weft-India Ifland Colonies, with fome tranfient Remarka concerning the ad- pining French and Spanifli Settlements, and other Remarks of mious Natures. IL The Hudfon'a Bay Compaoy*s Lodgct, Fur ind Skin Trade. Ilf. Newfoundland Harbours, and Cod Fifherr. IV. The Province of TAccadie or Nova Scotia j with die Viciffi- udes of the Property and Jurifdi£lion thereof,and its Pi'e'ent State. ^. The leveral Grants of Sagadahcck, Province of Main, MaiTa- t bnfetti-Bay, and New Plymouth, united by a new l|||arter in the irefent Province of Mafiachuietts Bay, commonly tailed New* England. % The Second Volume Contaias, I. New Hftrnpfhire, including, the Northern* Settlements of 4alIachufett8-Bay, lately adjudged, to the Crown, ai^ annexed to hat Province. II. Rhode Jfltad, including a PanFof Plymouth ate Colony, lately-adjudged to Rhode-Iilind Colony. III. Con- ie£ticut, according to the Boundaries refpedlivcly fctiled, by Com- niffioners with Maflachufetts Bay, New- YorlLand Rhode Ifland ; md confirmed by the King in Council. . ^w Nevr-YorV, ac- rording to their divifional Line fettled witn the Proprietors of ^ Sail Jerfeys, ^ff»0 1719, by Com miflk>neri appointed by the Le- ^iflatures of both Provinces, and confirmed by the King in Coun- il. V. TheEaftand Wefti Jcrfeys, two difUna#rants: th* Voprietors furrcndred the Government to the Crown, Anno 170a. leing fmall the Crown has united them, under one Jurifdiftionor jovernment. VJ. Penfylvania ; Twodiftin£t Governments or Legiilatures, but under one Governor ; becaufe the Properly of rne Family. VH. Maryland, Lord ^4/f/M«r«*8 Property. The. boundaries not as yet fettled with Pinn'i Family. \ Jn the Ceur/t of thh' Uijiery, *bt Autbor is very particular' in his Accounts of /<&# French Colonies iji America, their Dif- eoveries and Setilementr, their Attempts upon Annapolis : Aifo t9t French 4ff