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LI SljVELL Ifil- 3k#iif P*Br|t 1« SK "L ■oi ivf ^■^.? y /d'Ts; t ■'*«.•' ''>-,' 1* ' -, ■ v* - ■ fUL '.^iftWTWHl" MirfeMf mmummmm JOUR:NrAL OK TIIK EXPEl)ITIOi\ AGAINST QUEBEC, UNDER COMMAND OF COL. BENEDICT ARNOLD. IN THE YEAR 1775, BT MA J. RETURN J. MEIGS, WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES, BY CIIAIiLES 1. IJUSIINELL. 1864. Entered, according to Act of Congress, In tlie year 1863, by CHARLES I. BUSIINELl., In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the Southern District of New York. INTRODUCTION. Quebec. ISTOR Y, nowhere, upon its checkered page, records an enterprise of greater perseverance, daring and intrepidity than that of Arnold's Expedition to When we consider the extreme difficul- ties and dangers encountered by that hardy band, unused to arms, the privations and sufferings they endured, and the firmness evinced by them under every trial, how amazing does it appear 1 Engag- ing in the service for the common cause of liberty, they marched through a dense wilderness, inter- rupted by swamps, cataracts, precipices and moun- tains, in the midst of a Canadian winter, remarka- IV INTIIODITCTION. blc for its unusual soverity : surely, llio expedition was a most wontlerlul one, und the fame of those men who were engaged in it, must and ever will shino upon history's brightest page. In the following Journal, which r.ppears now, for the first time, in an independent fcrm, will bo found u daily record of events occurring during that memorable campaign. The interest of the subject is in no degree lost by the lapse of time. By the historical student it will ever bo appreciated, and the patriotic American will always recur to that brilliant exploit, with feelings of pride and admi- ration. Return J. Meigs, the author of the Journal, was born iJi Middletown, State of Connecticut, on the •28th day of December, 1740. In the year 1775, immediately after tlio battle of Lexington, ho marched with a company of light infantry to the neighborhood of Boston. With the rank of Major, ho accompanied Arnold through the wilderness of Maine, and in the assault on Quebec by Montgomery and Arnold, at the close of the year, he was mado prisoner with Captains Morgan and Dearborn. In L ixTrioiM'rTio.v. y tho yoar 177fi, ho was oxH.angocl and rofurne.l horac, and in tho year lollowing, ho was proin(,tcd to tho rank of Colonel. His expedition from Guilford to Long Island, in tho month of May, 1777, was one of tho most bril- liant enterprises of tho war, for which ho received tho thanks of Congress and an elegant sword. At tho head of a few companies, he attacked tho Brit- ish trooi.s at Sag Harbor, with fixed bayonets, and in spite of the resistance of the soldiers, and of the crews of the enemy's vessels, he destroyed twelve brigs and sloops, and much stores and forage, and brought off ninety prisoners, among whom were tho officer in command, with most of the masters and crews of the vessels destroyed, returning to Guilford, a distance of ninety miles, within twenty- five hours after he had left it, without the loss of a man. In tho year 1779, ho commanded a regiment under Wayne at tho storming of Stony Point, and was honorably mentioned by Washington. In the year 1788 or 1789, lie moved to tho West, and was one of tlic tirst settlers of Ohio, then a wilderness. IWM-' ««»■▼«»!> Vi INTUODUCTION. The latter part of his life was devoted to the ame- lioration of the conJition of the aborigines of the country as agent of the Cherochee station, and his official course obtained for him the highest confi- dence of that nation, by whom he was emphatically denominated » The White Path." Col. Meigs was a pattern of excellence as a patriot, a philanthrop- ist and a Christian. In all the vicissitudes of for- tune, the duties of religion were strictly observed, and its precepts strikingly exemplified. He died at the Cherochee Agency on January 28, 1823, aged 82 years. His remains were interred with the honors of war, amidst a concourse of sincere friends and in the anguish of undissembled sorrow. ( iZ) rnn '^ Www w m m mmm JOURNAL JOURNAL of occurrences, wliich happened within tho circle of my observation, In the de- tachment commanded by Coi.. Benedict Ar- NOLn,*(l) consisting of two battalions, which wcro detached from tho army at Cambridge, in the year 1775. Field Officers' names. Col. CiiRisToriiER Guekn. (2) Col. Kooek Enoh. O) Maj. Return J. Mkiqs. (4) Ma J. Timothy Bioelow. (») 1775. Sept. Dth. I marched from Roxbury, (where I had been stat, n- ed the summer,) to Cambridge. 10th, 11th, 1 2th. At Cambridge, preparing for our march. 13th. In the evening marched to Mystick. * See Appendix, Note I. i 1 it^ H JH jonwAi,. ' 14tli. Continued our march tliroujrli the towns of MalthMi, Lynn and Salem, and encamped in Danvcis. 15th. In the morning continued our march through the towns of Beverly and Wendhani, and encamped at Rowley. IGth. In the morning, continued our march, nndat 10 o'clock, A. M., arrived at Newburyport, and encamiwd. 17. Sunday, attended divine service at the Rev. Mr. Parson's (0) meeting at Newburyport. Dined at Mr. Nathaniel Tracy's. (7) Weather fine. 18th. Preparing to embark. Dined at Mr. Dalton's.* (8) Weather fine. 19th. Embarked our whole detachment, consisting of 10 com- panies of musketmen and 3 companies of rifle-men, amounting to 1,100 men on board 10 transports. I embarked myself on board the sloop Britannia. The fleetingUay; 2.-) miles from the moull, an island, called Swan Island. A little above this island we ca.ne to anchor, op- posite to Pownalborough, wIutc is a block-house. I would men- lion here, that this day makes fourteen only, since the orders ^ ih i ? 1 10 JOURVAU were first given for building 200 battocs, collectitg provisions for aud levying 1,100 men, and marching them to this place, viz., Gardiner "a Town, which is great dispatch. 2l8t. All day at Gardiner's Town ; weather fine. 22d. Embarked on board battoes— proceeded up the river to- ward evening. I lodged at the house of Mr. North, and was very agreeably entertained. 23d. In the morning proceeded up the river, about 6 miles, to Fort 'Western, where an unhappy accident happened in the even- ing. A number of soldiers, being in a private house, some words produced a quarrel, and one McCormick, being turned out of the house, immediately discharged his gun into the house, and shot a man through his body, of which he soon expired. McCormick was tried by a Court Martial, aud received sentence of death ; but denied the crime till he was brought to the place of execu- tion, when he confessed the crime. But for some reasons he was reprieved till the pleasure of General Washington could be known. (9) 24, 25, and 26th. At Fort Western, (10) preparing for our tour to Quebec. Fort Western stands on the east side of the river Kennebeck, and consists of 2 block-houses, and a large house, 100 feet long, which were enclosed only with pickets. This house is the property of Howard, Esq., where wc were exceedingly well entertained. C'aptain Morgon, (11) with 3 I JOURNAf.. It companies of riflemen "mbarked, in l>iittoeH, with orjers to pro- ceed with all expedition to thi; i^reiit ciirryingpliU'C, and clear the road, while the other diviaions came up. 26th. Colonel Green embarked on board battoes three com- panies of muskctmen, with whom went Major Bigelow, on their tear to Canada. 27th. At three o'clock, F. M., I embarked on board my battoe with the third division of the army, consisting of 4 companies of musketmen, with 45 days' provision, and proceeded up the river, hoping for the protection of a kind Providence. We encamped at evening 4 miles from Fort Western ; the water some part of the way rapid. I had forgot t^' mention, that the navigation for vessels is good to Fort Western, which is 50 miles from the month. 28th. Proceeded up the river the stream very rapid, and the bottom and shores rocky. 29th. In the morning continued our route up the river. At 11 o'clock, A. M., arrived at Fort Halifax,* which sta.ids on a point of land between the river Kennebeck and the river Sebaste- cook. This fort consists of two large block-houses, and a large barrack, which is enclosed with a picket fort. 1 tarried half an * Fort Halifax was built by Mr. Shirley in 1754, to awe the Indians and cover the frontiers of New England. m JOURN'AL. hour at the fort — then crossed the river to a carrying-place, which is 97 rods carriage — then proceeded up the river, which falls very rapidly over a rocky botton. 5 miles, and encamped . The above falls are Toconock. 30th. Proceeded up the river 7 miles, and encamped, where Colonel Arnold joined us at night, and encamped with us. October 1st. Proceeded up the river 9 miles, and encamped. The land we passed this day generally very good ; the timber, butternut, beech, hemlock, white pine, red cedar, &c. 2d. In the morning proceeded up the Aver, and at 10 o'clock arrived at Scohegin Falls, where is a carrying-place of 250 paces, which lies across a small island in the river. Here I waited for my division to come up, and encamped on the west side the river, opposite the island, with Captain (joodrich. It rained in the night. I turned out, and jiut on my clothes, and lay down again, and slept well till morning. Our course in general, from the mouth of the river to this place, has been from north to northeast. .'{d. Proceeded up the river to Norridgtjwaik. On my way I called at a house, where I saw a child 14 mouths old. This is the first white child born in Norridgcwalk. (12) At 7 o'clock in the cveuing, a little below Norridgcwalk, my buttoe filled with water, going up the fulls. Here I lost my kettle, butter and pusitir. a lute not »'• In- i"|ilaied here. At Norridgcwalk are to nm >i M JOrRNAT,. J 8 b«, seen the vcstigos of an rn.lian fort an.l chapel, and a priest's grave* (13) There appears to have been some intrenchment, and a covered way through the bank of the river for the convenience of getting water. This must have been a considerable seat of the natives, as there are large Indian fields cleared. This day I wrote to Mrs. Meigs, to my brother, and Ensign Warner. Op- posite to Norridgewalk, which lies on the cast side the river, a river comes in from the westward, called Sandy River. 4th. I proceeded up the river about one mile, and crossed the river, where is a carrying-place of one mile and a quarter ; liere I came up with the second division, commanded by Col. Green. 5th. All day at the carrying-place. At evening moved one company up the river one mile, where they encamped, waiting for the other companies of niy division. 6th. Still at the carrying-pluce, getting over boats and pro- visions. At 4 o'clock, P. M., I proceeded up the river 5 miles l,. Afun.|u..l ,lo.„ ,0 11,,. purisi, of St. Mary'^^th, country |»iox at this time. 21 st. We have orders that ail our men wear hemlock sprigs in thc'r hats, to distiuguis;]i thorn in the attack upon the works. I have wrote this «lay to Mrs. Meigs. 22d. Fropanvtion is making, and things seem ripening fast for the assault upon the works of Quebec. The blessing of heaven attend the enterprise. This evening is celebrated aa the anniversary of a happy event or circumstance in my life. 2.1d. This day the officers of our detachment met. The General attended to compose some matters, which were happily settled. MM 80 JOIUNAI,. 24th. I vas on a general court-nmrtiul. Our chuplain * (27) prcuclied a sermon in the eliuiwl of the (iencral Hospital, which is exceedingly elegant inside, and richly decorated with carvingH and gilt work. 2.5th. Col. Arnold's detachment paraded this evening at Capt. Morgon's quarters, at 4 o'clock. His Honor, General Montr gomery, attended, and addressi'd us on the subject of an assault upon the town of Quebec, in a sensible, spirited manner. Memo. The sun sets on the 21st day of December, at 4 hours, 13 minutes, 21 seconds, and rises at 7 hours, 4G minutes, 41 seconds. The shortest day is 8 hours, 27 minutes, 38 seconds. 26lh. Nothing material happened. Weather cold. 27tli. This evening the troops assembled by order of the Gen- eral, with design to make an attack on the works of Quebec ; and were about to march, when an order from the General came for their returning to quarti-rs, the weather not being thought proper for the ujit tuck. 28th. The following came out in general orders, viz : " The (jcneral had the most sensible pleasure in seeing the good disposition with which the troops last night moved to the attack. It was with the greatest reluctance he found himself called upon by his duty, to repress their ardour ; but he should hold himself answerable for the loss of those brave men whose lives might l)e saved by waiting for a favorable opportunity. *Rcv. Samuel Spring. .inrnNAi.. 31 This (lay is tlio SStli anniversary of my birtii. A variety of scenes have prosentetl tlioinselves in this sliort t(frni— prosperity and adversity Imvc alternately cliequercd my path. Some dangers escaped, and favors innumerable, demand a tribute of the warmest gratitude. 29th. This day dined with General Montgomery, and spent the afternoon and evening with him in an agreeable manner. This evening as a party of our men were executing a command, in the suburbs of St. Roch, were fired upon from the walls, and hod one man wounded in the leg. 30th. This morning, between the hours of 1 and three o'clock in the morning, our train threw into the city about 30 shells, which produced a number of shells and a brisk cannonade, which continued all the day. As it had been determined to make an attack upon the city, the ladders being ready, and the weather stormy, which was thought best for our purpose, the troops are ordered to parade at two o'clock to-morrow morning. 31 St. The troops assembled at 2 o'clock this morning. TIiosc that wore to niuke the attack by the way of Cape Diamond (28) assembled at the General's ((uarters, upon the Heights of Abra- ham, and were headed by General Montgo icry. * Those that were to make the attack through the suburbs of St. Roch asscm- • The division of tlio army coiniiinnded by Ocn. Montgomery, consisted of the ht, 2d, 3d, and 4tb battalions of Now Yorli troops, and part of Col. Boston's regimcul. n-2 iin'iiwi,. bled at our pnnrd lionse In S(. Rodi, and woro lipiidt-d hyCol. Arnold ; which were two battuliona that were detached I'roni tlio army at Cambridge and Roxbury, t'olonel Livingston, witli a regiment of Canadians, and Major Urown with part of a regiment of Boston trooi)a were to make a false attack upon the walls to the sonthwt i-d of St. John's Gate, and in the meantime set fire to the gate with combustibles prepared for that purpose. These difierent bodies were to move to the attack from their respective p'aces of assembly, exactly at 5 o'clock, but the differ- ent routes these bodies had to make, the depth of the snow, and other obstacles, prevented the execution of Colonel Livingston's command. The Qcncral moved with his command, with a number of car- penters with him, to the pickets at Cape Diamond. The carpen- ters soon cut the pickets with saws, the General pulled them down with his own hand, and entered with his aid de-camp, Mr. M'Pherson, Mr. Antill, the engineer, Capt. Clieescman, and the carpenters and some others. The troops did not follow, except a few who attacked the guard bouse. The enemy gave them a discharge of grape shot from their cannon, and of small arms at the same time — at which time the General, his aid-de-camp, Capt. Checseinan, and som«^ few others bravely fell. The firing then entirely ceased, the lights in the guard house were out. at which time, it is said, the troops might have entered. Col. Campbell (29) thought best to retreat, which they did, and carried off the wounded to the camp. JOl'ftNAt.. 88 1 now coiiiu to Col. Arnold's division, which was to proceed to the uttucik in the following manner. A lieutenant and 30 men were to march in front, us un advonced guard ; then the artillery company, with a lield piece mounted on a .^led ; then the main body, of which (Japt. Morgan's company was first. The ad- vanced party were to open when arrived near the battery, which was raised upon a wharf, which wo were obliged to attack in our way ; and when our field piece had given them a Mhot or two, the advanced party were to rush forward, with the ladders, and force the battery above mentioned, while Capt. Morgan's con)pany was to march round the wharf, if possible, on the ice. Hut the snow being deep, the piece of artillery waa brought on very t>low, and we were finally obliged to leave it be- hind ; and, to add to the delay, the main body were led wrong, there being no road, the way dark and intricate, among stores, houses, boats, and wharves, and harrassed at the same time with a constant fire of the enemy from the walls, which killed and woundud n\iml)ers of our men, without our being able to annoy them in the least from our situation. Tl«3 field piece not coming up, the advanced party, with I'aptain Morgan's company, attacked the battery, some firing into the jwrt holes or kind of embras- ures, while others scaled the battery with ladders, and immedi- ately took i)Ossession of it, with the guard, consisting of 30 men. This attack was executed with so much despatch, that the enemy only discharge*! one of their cannon. In this attack we lost but one or two men, the enemy lost about the sauw nundtcr. In the 34 JOUKNAU attnc-k nl" tliis) Imlterv, (.'til. Arnold roccivwl n woiiml in ono of hit) \v}!», with a musket hull, ntxl whh carrierha|)8 hulf iin hour, our men attempt- C(1 the next barrier, but could not force it, as the miiin body were some time in coming' up, occasioned by obstacles before mentioned. To add to this, that part of the army, commanded by General Montgomery, after his fall having retreated, gave tho enemy au opportunity to turn their whole force and attention upon us, so that before our men attempted the second barrier, the enemy had got such a number of men behind the barrier and in the houses, that we wore surrounded with such a fire from treble our numbers, that we found it impossible to tbrco it, tho enemy being under cover, while wo were exposed to their fire. Here we found some brave officers and men. To add to our embarrassment, we lost the advantage of one of our companies, which was quartered on the north side of the river St. Charles, not having notice in season, who in endeavouring to join the main body, was surprised by a body of men, who made a. sortie through Palace Gate, and tho most of ii\ii' !i made prisoners. Our men near the second barrier took posvjssion of some houses, and kept up a fire from them for some time ; but as the body which sallied oat of the Palace Gate, came upon the rear, and our numbers greatly lessened by our killed and wounded, it was thought best to retreat to the first battery which we had taken, which we did, with the greatest part of our men ; where, upon a consulta- ry .1(M IINAI.. 85 • ion of ofllctrs prcspiit, il. wiis tlio iiminimoiis o|)ini<)ii timt it W119 iinpructieublc to retreiit.us we must Imve im&seilu groat purt of the way under tlic walls of the town, exposed to a line of flro for tt quarter of u mile, aiul our rear exposed to the Arc of tlio enemy at the same time, and the i)arty that sallied through Palueo Gate to oppose in front. We maintained our ground till about ten o'cloek, and no hopes of relief, as (Jeneral Montgomery's party were gone, and were at last obliged to surrender prisoners of war, which we did with great reluctance. The tiring v ontlimed from luilf-pust five till about ten o'clock, A.M. By the best account we can obtain, our loss iu killed and wounded amounts to about one hundred. Tho loss which the town sustained we cuiuiot obtain. It must be small in comparK son of ours, owing to their advantage of fTI0«1. 30 it must ever be a source of rcifret tlmt liis sulis('f|uent desertion of tlitit ciiuse, tariiitiiiid forever a iiiiiue wbieli otiierwise would liave shown witii uiidyin.!,' lustre. After the war, lie went to En<,Wand. lie was afterwards in Xova Seotia, and in the West Indies, and was at one time taken prisoner by the French, but escaped in a way that none but one of liis l)old and daring char- acter would liave attempted. He died in London ou the Utii diiy of June, 1801, aj-ed UO years. (2) CiiRisToi'HKnGRKKN was born in the town of Warwick, R. I., in the year 1 7;J7, and was the son of Pliilip (ireen, a gentleman of the lirst respectability, who was at one time Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in the county of Kent. Christopher received a good education, and was particularly attached to the study of Mathematics, in which he made great proficiency. lie was elected at an early age to the Colonial Ix^gislature, and was chosen Lieutenant of the Kentish Guards, and in 1775 was ap- pointed Major. lie was at the attack on Quebec, where he was made prisoner. He was afterwards promoted to Lieutenant. Colonel. His gallant repulse of the enemy at Red Bank, was one of the most brilliant events of the war, and he was, by the resolve of Congress, voted a sword, which was presented to his eldest son. Job Creen, in 178(J. by Uen. Knox, then Secretary of War. Col. Urci'n was barbarously murdered by a party of refugees, on the Croton River, near Pine Bridge, Westchester (.'ounty, New- York, on the 13th day of May, 1781, iu the 44th year of his age. Ue left a widow, with three sons and four daughters. (li) Ro(iKn Knos accompanied Arnolii in his expedition to Quebec, as far as fifty miles up Pead River, in Maine, when ho returned with his division, in coiise(|uence of the want of pro- 40 NOTKS. visions, and thus perlmps, the whole army wiis ssiveil from dc- struction. He was put under arrest hy order of Washin„ . eress who resided in his neighborhood. He was unsuccessful in his suit, and was repeatedly rejected by his charmer. Jonathan, however, had some spirit and wisdom, as well as love, and persevered in his efforts. At length he told Ruth plainly and decidedly that it was his last visit. He mount- ed his horse, and was about leaving her forever, when the relent- ing lady beckoned to him to stop, saying, in a sweet tone of voice, "Return, Jonathan ; return, Jonathan:' These, the happi- est words he had ever heard, made a lasting impression upor his mind, and induced him to call his first boru son, " Return Jonathan." ITie late Hon. Return J. Aleigs, who held at different times the offices of Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio, a Senator in Congress, Governor of Ohio, and rostmaster-General of the United States, and who died at Marietta, in March, 182C, was the son of Major Meigs, the author of this journal. (5) Timothy Bigelow was the son of Daniel Rigelow. On hearing of the battle of Lexington, he marched at the head of a body of minute-men. He was engaged in the expedition against Quebec, and was taken prisoner. After his release he again entennl the army, and was at Saratoga, Rhode Island, Valley FcTge, and Wrat I'oint. He was an original grantor of the NdTKS. 41 town of IVfontpolicr, Vt. As a benefactor of Ijoicostcr Acade- my, he is honored by its friends, ilo died in Worcester, May .., on tiie 3l8t day of Mardi, 1790, aged 50 years. (r.) Rev. Jonathan Pausoxs was born in West Springfield, Mass., on the 3(»tli day of November, 1705, and graduated at Yale College in 1729. lie was ordained, in 17.W, minister at livnie, Conn., where he continued several years. The last thirty years of his life were si)ent at Newbnryport, Mass, in one of the largest congregations in America. His labors were incessant, and ho sometimes sunk under his exertions. He wus eminent as a scholar, and was accounted a dexterous and masterly rcasoner. His invention wus fruitful, his imagination rich, his voice clear and commanding, varying with every varying passion, now forci- ble, majestic, terrifying, and now soft, persuasive, and melting. His church is now called the Old South Church of Newbur \ port. He died on the lOtli day of July, 177G, aged 70 years. (7) Nathaniki, Tracy was born at Newbury, afterwards Newburyport, ^[asa., about the year 1749, and was tiie son of Patrick Tracy, an opulent merchant in that place. Nathaniel graduated at Harvard College, in 17C9. Upon leaving college he commenced business in his native town, in conipany with Jonathan Jackson, an accomplished gentleman and thorough merchiint. The house was prosperous, and extended its concerns to a wonderful magnitude lor that day. During the war of the llevolution, their inivateers were for several years numerous and successful. Mr. Tracy was generous and patriotic, and assisted the Government with money and articles of clothing, and other necessaries for carrying on the war. He lived in a most magni- liceul slyli'. having several country s« ats, with elegant sunmier houses and line lish ponds. His horses were uf the choicest kind, rfr- i«i ' li 12 Ndl'KtJ I and his coaciios of tlio most splendid iimko. In tlio last j-oars oF tiio war he met with imiiieiice losses. Many of his vesscla wero captured, the (ioveinnient failed to j)ay him, and his debtors, who were iiunierons, left him the looser of larjie sums by reason of similar diflicultii>s eneounteretl by themsclvta. Air. Tracy was a gentleman of polished manners and line taste. IIo died some years ago, the exact date we have lieen unable to ascertain. (!^) Tristram Dai.ton was born in Nowbni v. Mass., in June IT.'iM, and graduated at Harvard College in IT;");"). After pur- suing the study of the law for a while in Salem, he married a daughter of lloiiert Hoojjcr, of Marblehead, and enteri'd into business with his father, Michael Dalton, as a merchant, in Xew- buryport. For nuiny years he continued actively engaged in mercantile ))ursuits, after which he was called to till some of the most responsible ortices. J le was a representative in Congress from Newbury[iort, Speaker of the House of Representatively, and a mcml)er of the Senate of Massachusetts, and lastly member of the Senate of the United States. When his term of office in Congress expired, he sold his estate, and moved to Washington, where he entered into speculations, which proving unfortunate, reduced him from aftluencc to poverty, llo was appointed surveyor of the ports of Boston and CharlestowQ in 1815, and continued in the discharge of his official duties till his death. lie had lived on terms of intimate friendship with the first four Presidents of the United States, and had their con- fidence and regard. He was a generous and warm-hearted man, and was kind and considerate to his servants, of whom he had at one time a large retinue. He died in Boston, June 1817, aged 77, and his remains were brought to his native town, and interred in the burying ground attached to St. Paul's Church. (9) Jamks MrCoRMK'K, who shot Sergeant lieubcn Bishop, NOTKS 48 wna a rosi(liiil of North ViiniKMilli, and was dral'tcd froin ('iipt. Hill's coiiiiHiiiy, Col. Scainiiiairs ]li'f,'imeiit. He was an i<,'no- rant and siniiili' person, and liore in llic company to wliicli ho belonged the cliuiacter of a peaecful man. (10) This fort was formed by two block liouses and a largo house one hundred feet lon^', the jjroperty of James J Toward, Esq. Uuc of the block Inuises, u venerable meuioruil of Indian wars, is still standinj,', near the covered bridge which stretches across tlio river. Judge Jloward, at whose house the officers were entertained, died in -NFay, 1787, aged 8G years. He was the fir.st comiuamlant at this fort, and although he reached a remarkably old age, yet one of his soldiers at this fort lived to be much older. This pert-ou was John tJilley, a native of Ire- land, a singularly active and vigorous man, who enlisted about the year 17r»i;, and died at Augusta, Me., ou the 9th day of July, 1813, aged about 124 years. (11) DANiKr- MoROAN was born in New Jersey, in 1737, and uiove..liJi i,ii<| ;i.h stinnilaliiM' the I^S^JtW*"' VrtTR'S. y Hurmoii. Tho Jesuit waa found in a wigwum, and he defended himself with in- trepid eouruge. At the time of his death, ho was in his C7th year. Ily his condescending deportment and address, he acquired an afttonishinn' influence over the Indians. Such was his faithful' nca? to the political interests of Prance, that ho ever made tho olTiccs of devotion serve as an incentive to savage ferocity, for ho kept a flag on which was depicted a cross surrounded with bowa and arrows, and ho raised it at the door of his little church when he gave absolution, pnsvious to the commencement of any war- like enterprise. lie was a man of good sense and learning, and was particularly skilled in Ijitin, which ho wrote with great pa- rity, and he was acquainted also with several Indian languages. In hia preaching he was vehement and pathetic. For the last ninctiwi years of his life his health was feeble, as his limbs had bei>n broken by a fall. An ineffectual attempt was made to seize him in 1722. but some of his papers were secured, and among them a dictionary of tho Abnftki's language, which ia now in the library of Harvard College, It ia a quarto volumo of .500 pages. Two of his hitters, of considerable length, aro preserved in tho " Lettrcs Edifiantes." (14) Henkv Dkaruorji was born in Hampton, N. II., on the Ist day of March, II'A, Ho studied medicine with Dr. Hall Ja(!kaon, of I'ortsmouth, and had been settled three years when the battle of Lexington occurred. He at once took up arms in behalf of his country. He was engaged in the liattle of Bunker Hill, and in the month of Hepteinber following, accompanied Arnold in tho expedition to Quebec. Ho was hero taken prie- ,F 46 KOTFS«. oner, uiid put !m iloso coiifiiiotnont until May 177G, when lie was permitted ti> return Iiduic with Major Meijrs, on piiroie. Ilewaa t'xcluin^'ed in Alureli, 1777, ami wus suhsetiuently enpigod in tlio Imtlle of Sarutoj^a. IIo was afterwards enji:aji:ed in the battle of Monmouth, and in 1779 was in the expedition under Gen. Suli- van, and in 17H1 was at Yorktown at the surrender of ( 5orn- wuilis. In 178!) Ik.' wasappointt'd Marshal of Muinc.and wossuh- se(piently twiee eleeted a meniiu'r of ('on<;ress. On the accession of .lellerson he was appointed Secretary of War, und held tlic olfice for eiffht years with entire satisfaction. In Feb., 1812, ho received a counnission as senior Major-tleneral in the army of the United States. He captured Vork, in Upper Uanuda, the year following, and soon after Fort (Jeorije, at the mouth of the Niagara. After the peace he retired to private lile. In 1822 he was ai>poiutcd minister to Portugal, which office \n' held for about two years, and then returned home. He dictl at the residence of his on, (ien. II. A. S. Dearborn, in lloxbury, Muss., on the Glh Juue, lb29, aged 78 years. (IT)) Samiki. Ward was the son of Uovernor Ward, of Ilhode Island, and graduated ut IJrown University in 1771. In the year 1774, he was enrolled in the patriot company of the Ken- tish Ciuards. Aa a captain, he was in the camp at Cambridge in 1775, and accompanied Arnold throiigh the wilderness of Maine to (Quebec. He was made prisoner but exchanged. As a Major in tirecns Uegiment, he fought at Ked Itank.and served bravely during the whole war. His military operations were then exchanged for those of the merchant. He made a voyage from I'rovidence to Canton in 17^.'!. ami then established himself in business in the city of New ^'ork. His allairs carried him to Kurope. (tn his return he settled on a farm at East Greenwich, li. I., wiierc he lived to sec his children educated to usefulness. '^™ VOTRS. 41 At. lust, to 1)0 iiPiir liin cliildrcii, wlio worn in biisinons ip Now York, ho roiiiovod to .luinaicii, Ix)ny the Aiui'riciiiiH, in 177'). (19) 11ki(1.-(jIkn. Jamkh Mckkav was of uh undent Scottish family. Jlo was the filth son oC the fourth Lord Kliitanli. After the laplure of Montreal, he was for some years (Jovernor of tho Province. His jjuldislied documents sliow hiui to have been u man of keen eiMjiiiry and observation, just and impartial in hia government, though rather hasty in his teniin-r. He was also at onothcr period Uovernor of Minorca. He died a General of tho army, in June, 1794, leaving a son, Col. James I'atrlck Murray. (20) This person was George Merchant, of Morgan's company, a tall and luindsomc Virginian, a man who would at any time, give him fair play, have sold his life dearly. Ue was stationed OS a sentinel in a thicket, within view of the enemy, but out of eight of the garrison, and in such a situation that though ho could not be seen, he could sec no one approach. He was taken absolutely unaware of danger. A sergeant of the " seventh," who, from the maimer of the thing, must have been clever, ac- companied by a few privates, slily creeping through the streets of the suburbs of St. John, and then under cover of the bushes sprung upon him, even before ho had time to cock his rifle. In a few days, he, hunting-shirt and all, were sent to England, prob- ably as a finished specimen of the rijkmen of the colonies. The Government there very liberally sent him home in tho follow- ing year. Merchant was the first prisoner taken at t^uebec by the British. Henry's Jouraal, p. 8G. (21) MoNTKEAL, which was entirely defenceless, there being ijut very few IJritish troops in the colony, cai)itulated on tho TT .V0TE3. 19 12tl» .lay of November, 1775, iin.l Sir Ony CTurlcton, the Gov. crnor, eoiiwiviiij,' it of the utmost iinpoitiirMO to reaoli (^leLcc, the only phiee eiipul.le of .lefenee, jmsned tliroiiirh the Anierieiiu forees at Horel, duriiijf theiii«ht, m a eiHi.H), wiUi nmHIcl pad.lles ami airiveil in (inehec on the 19th, to tlie great joy of the gar- riHon ami loyal iiilmbitant*'. who jrfaeeil every confidence in hi» well kuuwii courage and ability. Ilowkin »' Plct«re of Quoboo, p. 423. Sir Out Cari.ktos was born at Newry. in the (bounty of Down, in Ireland, in 17'JL'. Having enten'.^ upon the military life, he rose to be Lieut.-Colon^^l in the gimrda in 171,s. He served uflerwarda with (i.-neral Amherst, in An.orieu, and in 17(12 distinguished himself at the taking of Ilavnnnah. where ho was woimded. In 1 772 he obtained the rank ol" Alajor-Uencral, and was appointed Governor of le wearing apparel. Bosworlh's History of Montreal, pngo 75. (24) Major John Brown was born in Sandislield, Berkshire Co., Mass., on the 19th day of October, 1744. After graduating at Yalo (College in 1771, he studied law with Oliver Arnold in rrovidencc. He was a delegate to the I'rovincial Congress in 177r), and afterwards was at the attack on Quebec, wheie he ren- dered important services. He was appointed Lieut.-Colonel by Congress, in 177(1. In the fall of 17S0. he marched np the Mo NOTRS. 51 Imwk for the rilicfof (Ion. Sclinylcr, hut. was led byn fraitorlnto an lunbuacadc of Caniuliftus, Torios and Indians, ut Stone Arabia in I'ak'stinc, and was slain, on Ills birtli-day, October ID, 1780, aged 3(!. (25) TiTi's HosMKU, of Middletown, was born in the year 1736, and j;raduate) Coi,. Jamks LiviN(iST0N was a native of New York. He had long resided in Canada, and was appointed to the com- mand of a regiment of Canadians which had been formed by General Montgomery. (27) Rev. Samlki. Si-Rixd, D.H., was born in iVorthbridge, Mai--'., on the 27th day of February, 1 7 K!, and graduated at IVmceton College, in 1771. Ho was the only chaplain in Ar- nold's detachment that penetrated the wilderness of Maine to Quebec in 1775. On his return, in HTfi, ho left the army, and was ordained as a minister on Uio Otli day of August, 1 777. Ho was one of the founders of the Massachusetts Missionary Soci- ety, and held the office of President of that institution. He as- 8i8te. His father was Antliony Limb, a celelirated uptician and mutheniatieal instrument nniktr. In his early youth, John followed the occupation of his father. Jlc afterwards became a merchant. In the war of the llevolution. he took 'an active part, and was one of the most zealous leaders of the sons of liberty. As a captain of artillery, he joined the expedition again.'st Quebec in the year ITTf), where he w.is se- verely wounded and taken prisoner, llf was afterwards pro- 01 -^ w moknl to the rank <•! Miijor, aixl in tlic year 1777 ndvaiiccd to that of Li('ut.-( 'oh>ncl. J Ic was at t!ie attack on Daiibury, where he was again woundal, and narrowly ericaped deatli. In the year 1780 he had conunand of the aitillery at West J'oint. Ho was afterwards promoted to the rank of Brig.-Ueneral. General Landj was a valiant soldier, a pure patriot, and an able and ener- getic officer. He died ou the .•Jlst day of May, in the year 1800, and his remains were buried in Trinity Church-yard, in the city of New York. (31) Matthias 0(inKN joined the army at Cambridge. He was engaged in the attack upon Quebec under Arnold, and was carried wounded from the place of engagement. On his rctura from this expedition, he was appointed to the command of a regi- ment, in which station he continued until the conclusion of the war. On the occurrence of peace, he was honored by Congress with a commission of IJrig.-iJcneral. He died at P^iizabethtown, N. J., in the year i7!)l. (32) The following facts, taken from Hawkins' I'icturo of (Quebec, (pages 439-^10,) relating to the disinterment ot the re- mains of Gen. Montgomery, are umpiestiona' ' aut heiitic. In the year 1818 a refjuest was made dw Governor-in- Chief, Sir John Sherbrooke, on behalf of Mrs. MonfLnoiiery, the widow of the General, for leave to disinter the remains of Gen. Montgomc y, in order that they might be conveyed to the city of New \ork, and there re-interred, to which His Excellency accedeil. Mr. James Thompson, a gentleman of respectability, then in his .Slth year, who bore arms during the siege of the winter of 1 ii7.")-(), in delence of the city of tiuebec, and was present when tiie body was found, and saw it afterwards interred, was now u \OTKS. : 1 ordorcil to exploro tlic place of intcrnicnt and dij? up the remains. 'J'liis heacconliiiiily did, in (lie presence ol'onool'liis Excellency's aids de-ciinii), ('apt. Freer; and altiiougli the spot where the body had t)een deponiied was entirely altered in appearance, from the demolition of an old Imildiiiji: or powder magazine which was near it, and the sul)se(|iient constnietion of a range of barracks, he hit ni)on the foot of the coflin, which was much decayed, but of the identity whereof, there could not be a doubt, no other body having been interred in its innnediate neighborhood, except those of the (Jeneral's two aids, ^Icl'herson and Cheesoman, which wi're placed on each side of their commander'a botly, in their clothes, and without coHins. Mr. Thompson gave the following cert ideate of the facts, in order to satisly th" surviving relatives and friends of (Jen. Mont- gomery, that the remains which had bi-en disinterred after the lapse of forty-two yeurs, by the same hand that bad interred them, were really those of the late General : m '• I, James Thompson, of the City of Quebec, in the Province of Lower Canada, do testily and declare — that I served in the capacity of Assistant-JMigineer during the siege of this city, in- vested during the years 177.") and 1770 by the; American forces, under command of the late Major-Cen. Richard Montgomery. That in an attack made by the American troops, under the im- mediate connnand of (ieneral Montgomery, in the night of the 31st ]>ecend(er. 177"), ona IJritish post at the southermost extrem- ity of the city, near Pri.i-ik-Vil/e, the (ieneral received a mortal wom)d, and with him were killed his aids-de-eamp, McPherson and Ciieesemun, who were found in the morning of the 1st Janu- yry, 177(i, almost covered with snow. That Mrs. rrcntice, who kept an \v tel at (Quebec, and with wJKini (jieneral Montgomery had previously boarded, was brongbt f I- i- NHTLN 55 to view the bo.ly, after it was placc.l in the (iimr.l-Room, and whicli she recofjfnizeil by a i)articuiar mark which he had on the side of his head, to l)e tlie (Joneral's. That tlic body was tlien conveyed St. Lewis-Gate. 'i'hat the funeral service was perlbrnied at the grave, by the Itevercnd Mr. de Montmolin, then chaplain of the garrison. That his two aids-de-camp were buried in their clothes, with- out any coffins, and that no person was buried within twenty-five yards of the General. That I am positive, and can testily and declare, that the coffin of the late General Montgomery, taken up on the morning of the IGth of the present month of June, 1818, is the identical coffin deposited by me on the day of his burial, and that the present coffin contains the remains of the late General. I do further testify and declare, that subsequently to the find- ing of General Montgomery's body, I wore his sword, being lighter than my own, and on going to the Seminary, where the American officers were loaged, tliey recognized the sword, which affi^'cted them so much that numbers of them wept, in conso- quence of which, I have never worn the sword since. Given under my hand, at the City of (iuebec, I'rovinco of liOwer Canada, 19th June, 1818. JAMES TIIOMPSOX. * fiobort's houso Wiis at tlio comer of .^t. Lcwia iin.l St. Ursulo Streets, on tho (file of tlic bouse now nuiuborod 4i, St. Lewis Street. r r.o VOTK- i.» ,1 m (Itli) (iKN. IIk'haud MoNTiioMKiiY was liom ill th« north of Irelaml, in tlie year 1737. He fouj^lit under (ieneral Wolfe ut the battle of t^uebee in the year 17;")!), as Captain in the 17th Eejjiuient of foot, and after his retiu-n to Enfj;laud, he quitted his regiment in the year 1772, though in a fair way to preferment. He came to America, and, on liis arrival in this country, pur- chased an estate in New-York, and man led a daughter of Judge Livingston, of Livingston's manor. On the breaking out of the Revolution, he was placed in command of the Continental forces in the Northern ])epartment, in coimection with (Jeiieral Schuy- ler. By the indisposition of Schuyler, the chief command devolved upon him. He reduced Fort Chaniblee, and on the 3d day of November, 1775, he captured St. Johns, and on the 12th took Montreal. In the month of December following, he niarclied to the city of Quebec. The city was besieged, and on the last day of the year it was determined to make an assault upon it. The several divisions were accordingly put in motion in the midst of a heavy fall of snow, which concealed them from the enemy. Montgomery advanced at the head of the New- York troops along the St. Lawrence, and app ^aching or.c of the barriers, he was pushing forward, when one of the guns of the battery was discharged, and he, with his two aids, McPhersou and Cheeseman, was killcHl, on the 3Ist day of Dec, 1775, at the age of 38. This event, i)robabIy, prevented the capture of tiuebec. Montgomery was a man of fine military talents, and his measures were taken with judgment and executed with vigor. He inspired his troops with his own enthusiasm, and shared with them in all their hardships. His well known character was equally esteemed by the friends and foes of the side which he had espoused. In America he was celebrated as a martyr to the liberties of mankind ; in Great Britain as a misguided good man, sacrificing to what he sup- posed to be the rights of his country. His name was men- ■ ft. ! IVOTES, 51 tioncd in I'arliumcnt with sin<.niiar respect. Some of the most powerful speaivors in that asseml)ly displayed their eloquence in sounding his praise and lanientiuf,' his fate. Hy direction of Congress, a monument of white marble, with emblematic devices, was executed l)y Mr. Cassiers, at I'aris, and it was erected to his memory in front of St. I'aul's Church, in the ( 'ity of New- York. Ilis remains were, by act of the Jjcg- islature of the State of New-York, taken up by his nepliew, Col, L. Livingston, in the montli of June, 1818— the place of burial being pointed out by an old soldier, who attended tlie interment 42 years before— and were conveyed to tlie city of New-York, where tiiey were again committed to the dust in St. Paul's Church- yard, with the highest civil and military honors. At that time, his widow was still alive.