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J.-.TBMrlTivr„. , . !i li:l.MaiiHiii;: iiiriiifiiffiiffi siiiifiSiiiiidiifR ir i ■^->~.=--< S E S S I O K . *1 8 8 ^) - *) (i . --=^^<- FACULTY OF ARTS. \\\ \ . l'i;l.-ililA I 1mii;i;i i. IMi. 1', S. S:.. iLnnd llfiii./f .)//(«/i I'ruiis.siir 01 lU' M \i l",\ \l !•. \i .\ . .\li.|.l, . Pnre.^Udi- o; .MiifhriiKlli'-.. .IipM\ , lulls-., i\. .\1.A. ['\i' . .Mrf^ro/ Pru.'rssdi- <'/' Cliin^ir.-i i;i...|;k|; t,\\v.-..\, I'll ji. l.i I), F.I.i . i' IJ.S.i . .)/,•/,,„,/ /',■„ /eisrir 1)1 Chimi^lii, ,i ,il Miiiniiloi/i/. .Umi- I. II. Mil. .\1 .\ \ ii'l. . Mil.i'ol I'r.fis^ur ..' M.'lrr; l,„„- 'JltiHJI .s". .1 \\ii.> i;.ii;i.,.N .\1 \. Cm ,.,,!.. \|. \, h,:, ii,>,. l.uii,i.). I' i; .■^.■^. i;. \ C. (ii'tiiijf Alinir,, I'lu.'fssiii If I'lni-^irs. .Iwn- Si;iii, .\i..\. I'll' . fliui-./t Mmiin /', ,i/, ,^..,,, ,., ,U. /ii///ii/ tin. I Elhirs. .\i;iini;.Mi. .\l\.MiiiUN. 11. A T.n., I'n. I ). .1,111' . f,', ,„•,,., .Miinnt I'rn/'rxxiir or /•.\/,7i/i huni/ii'ii/r mi'l l.iliiiilin-i WiiilAM lllAin W Mil'i.l ... I.iclurcr 'III I'oirr ami Eln.-iiliuii. ■ IsMK.- I'. Sii\N\. r. .\. '),il. . (;c'ii,/i< Miiiii,, 'I'nliir ill Cliixxii' . .\i I \.»M.i.i: M- Miii.i i.-'\. \\.\ llil. . i:- :s JA'.'L:. Bi-.-.f : S. S hAi.lFA'. N. b. J^ J« CORIHl JEWELLER, 90 (Branvlllc Street, Iballfajt, 1R. S. Jewelry, WatolieH, all sorts; Nickle ami other ClockH, Gold I*oiih and Peiiolls ; Spectacles, Ao. /t^rSl'KCIAI. DISCOrST TO STl'DKNTS. 'iM BUCKLEY BROS., 87 & 89 Barrington St., i 201 Brunswick St., HHIlIFHX. 49 Spring: Garden RoadJ §mikmefiA' z^mnUhm^ Shop, 105 GRANVILLE ST., HALIFAX. — — -A Fn.l. STOCK OF ^ English & Scotcli Underwear k Half Hose. ALWAYS IN STOCK,- White Shirts & Collars, London Made. HaJifnx, Oct., 1SSH. Merchant Tcittor^ 144- MOLLIS STREET. Direct Importer of Cloths. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. ►J?- (Successor to Wm. Co8slp>l IMl'OllTs r ii^ SCHOOL, ACADEMIC AND COLLEGE BOOKS TO oieDEiz FTioitAFrvx^s-. IIKAI.KH IN Exercise Bucks, Mote Books, General Stationery. 103 GKANYILLK STREET, - HALIFAX. Jtethodist look ^mm^ 141 (I MNVIUJ STIIEEI. IIAU FAX. WE kindly invite the Stiuients now in City, to call on us and inspect our stock. AVe will order up any book reijuired specially, at short notice with reasonable discounts. Our Statlouery is of ^o«>d quality and cheap. Shall be glad to see the " Boys" at any time. S, F. HUESTIS, Book Steward, Jiook-keeping in nil ifn branches by both Single find Double Entry, Arithmetic, Business Writing, Banking, Laws of Business, Business Practice. 119 Mollis St., Halifax, N. S., Send for Type- Writing, Remivglon IStand- n r d Machine, Phonography, Benn I'itniart's System. i'o Summer Va- cation. Students Unay niter nt any 'tiiiic. Circulars. FRAZEE 8r WHISTON. DANIEL FAULKNER, No> 18 Spring Garden Boad. BOOTS AND SHOES MADE TO ORDER From FiiBt-OlasB English, French k Domestic Stock. Repairing promptly attended to. AH nork gnaranteed. Ladies' & Gents' TaHoring Establishment, 68 GRANVILLE STREET, Two doors south of Y. M. C. A. LADIES' JACKETS, SEALETTE SACQUES, RUS- SIAN CLOAKS, &G., MADE TO ORDER. The best Good.'* at IteaNoiiable Prices. NOTMAN Has issued tickets to Students which entitle theni to be Photographed at his Studio, 39 QEORGE ST.. At the followiiiff rates: Cabinet— Best Finish, - - $5.00 per doz. Card-Cameo, ' - . - $2S0 £K».iIiff»eii«»ii. Sm«i.xKE till' iittiMiiiicn's of tlie Hon. Honore ; Mfiricr, Premier of Qiidn'c, at tlio recent "'^' Catliolic <\)iiferfiU'(' in ISaltiniore. liave heen forgotten, it in iyl It lie wortli wiiile to notice lirieHy tlie state of feeling in tiiosc colonies now foruiing tlie (.'anadian Confederacy at tlie 'nio of the America, 1 Revolution, and the reasons that pre- venteil them from j.oining witli the thirteen revolting colonies The learne I Premier's remark if read l>y the light of the Qiiehec candle alone — • and the opinion of a provincial politician is too often formed .solely from the statnlpoint of his own province — was singularly inaccurate if we may judge of the future or present by the past and trust the lessons of history. I propose in this article to point out the real attitude of Que- bec and Nova Scotia, — the remaining provinces did not then exist as such* — to the United States during their (juarrel with the mother country ; in the doing of which I think it will bo abund- antly apparent that Quebec at least declined to consummate a marriage with them for good and sutticient cause, Mr. Mercier to the contrary not- withstanding. Simple reflection and regarii for the publicly expressedsentimentsof the leaders of thought in Quebec lead one irresistibly to the conclusion that to-day that Province would as steadily set her face against annexation to, or union with, the United States, as she did in the period embraced between the years 1774— S3. For a term of years after the Treaty of Paris, the government of Quebec was in a chaotic state. * I'linite K'lw;inl Lslaiul was iiuleed separated IVoiii Nova Scotia in 1 "liW, Init there were only 150 families resiling npon it. I have thcMel'ore omitted any reference to it. "It was," .saitl Solicitor Ge leral Wedderburne, afterwards Lord Chancellor Loughborough, " neither military nor civil ; it evidently was not meant to endure." The home authorities were naturally unwilling to concede to a people of ditl'erent language, religion, antl race, witli whom tiiey had lately been at war, the privilege of retaining their own laws ; even tho' it were a j)rinciple of English law as old as the Great (.Charter itself that tiie inhabitants of a conipiered or ceded country, if civilized, should ncjt be forced to undergo a change of their .system of juris- |)nt(ience with each change of masters. For eleven years, they seemed to follow as a means of creating a spirit of loyalty the advice given to Hehoboam by the young men. If under French sway the habitants had l)een laden with a heavy j-okc, they proposed to increase its weight. The counsel of the old men eventually pr;vailed, and after repeated memorialsf rom theoppressed people, and reports from the law officers of the (.'rown, the Quebec Act of 1774 was passeil. By its pro- visions the boundaries of the Province of Quebec were extended : the (,'atholic colonists were con- firmed in the rights given to them bv the terms of tlie capitulations, and relieved from the opera- \ tion of the English T(!st Act; the French civil law ami procedure, exce{)t only as to succession to property, were to be ailopted in the Courts ; and an executive council with limited powers number- ing both Catholics and Protestants among its members was provided for the purposes of govern- ment. This Act, long waited and hoped for by the burdened French Canadians, at once recon- ciled them to their coiKpierors. Meantime the relations between the purely En0ish colonies and the mother country were 'I * .If; t^ is \ ' las t THE DALHOUSIE GAZETTE. daily becoming,' more and moi-e strained. It is needless hero to nioiition the different Acts of aggression on colonial ritjlits that provoked the calling of a Congress of delegates from these col- onies to discuss their mutual grievances, and to consider in what way they could best oppose the measures of the home government. This con- gress met, as we all know, in Philadelphia earlj' in September, ITT-t, A series of resolutions, embodied in a document addressed " to the peo- ple of Great Britain," was adopted; in the course of which the delegates referred to the Quebec Act, " as a law which recognized the Catholic relig- ion, abolished the equitable jurisprudence of England ; and, ignoring the antagonistic faith of the old colonics, their laws, and governinent, set up civil and spiritual tyranny in Canada to the great danger of the neij.hboring provinces. " Nor can we suppress our astonishment," continued the delegates, " that a British parliament should ever consent to establish in that colony [Quebec] a religion that often > ■ cnched your island • in blood ; and has disseminated impiety, bigotry, persecution, murder, and rebellion, through every part of the world." At their second meeting in May of tlie follow- ing year, the Congress repeated this grievance in more moderate language ; and Dr. Franklin, the agent in London for several of the colonies, in the I'ecess between the meeting, had among other suggestions to the l!i itisli Government for bring- ing about ho'-mony, included the repeal of the Quebec Act and tlie establishment of a free Government to Canada.* Meanwhile Congress, in an address to the ( 'anadian people themselves, had expressed entiiely different sentiments, After a somewhat tiresome dissertation on the beauties of a free constitution, the Canadians wei'e implored to " seize the opportunity presented to them by Providence." " We are too well ac- quainted," continues the appeal, " with the liber- ality of sentiment distingnisliing 3'our nation to imagine that didincnco of religion, will iirejudice you against a hearty annty with u.s,i You know that the transcendent nature of freedom elevates the minds of those who unite in the cause a^lbve *'Rimaeiy'a Ilinhiri/ of AiKirini II R< vol id ion, I. ]i|i. H)t)&174. all such low minded infirmities." Copies of this second address were scattered broadcast through- out Canada. Upon the French population little or no impression was made, though one at least of their most influential men, M. Ca>:eau of Montreal, openly avowed his .sympathy with the Anglo-Americans, and took an active part in gaining adherents to their cause. f Conciliated by the Quebec Act and won to loyalty to Britain, outraged by the insult formerly offered to their religion and laws by the body v.'ho now fawned upon them, their fidelity could not be shaken. If the French Canadians were indiflei'ent to this invitation to join with the thirteen colonies, their English felK)w-citizens were not. Small in number proportionately as those of English extraction were, they had come to Canada in the expectation of being the dominant, favored party. Disappointed in their hopes by the passage of the Quebec Act, they were oasilv persuaded to take part with the Au^ericans ; and throughout the war, it may \)e broadly but with truth laid down, that whatever disaffectiiin there was in Canada, was conHned to the English fraction of the population. Perhaps my readers may still agree with Premier Mercier in his view, that for no good reason did Canada decline an alliance with the United States at the time of the revolution — perhaps they may Linnk that the French Cana- dians were wrong in refusing to be convinced by the mild platitudes, or, cajoled by the unstinted flattei'y, contained in the address of Congress to them — but I incline to believe they will agree with me in holding that the French (Canadians were right in regarding the statements made ante litem motam as the real sentiments of Con- gress — that none but craven cowards could endure without resentment, tlie reflections cast upon their religion (and who would dare say the men whom Montcalm had but lately led were cowards ?) — that in fact they acted properly, in a manner becoming a people of noble spirit. As Premier Mereier's premises were wrong, one would conclude on logical grounds alone that his inference, that Quebec has now no cause to +Gaineau History 0/ Canada, I. p. 126. W ri- «n -*v'^ *«•" t t^ t^M ■. \ . •h * 1- ** % V THE DALHOUSIE GAZETTE 139 oppose annexation wonld be etpially inaccurate. Evidence to sliow that the loj,'ical conchision is correct in point of fact, it is not my purpose to adJiice. It i.s sutticieiit to refer the reader to the counter Mast of Archbishop Fahre to Mr. Mercier's Baltimore speech- -to the scholarly, th()u<,'l\tful articles in the hjijjher^lass of French Canadian publications — and to many of tins speeches of Cartier, Langevin, Laurier, and of, to borrow Cartier's own e.Kpression — other " Engl shrnen speaking French." Of Nova Scotia during- the revolutionary period, I intend to speak more particularly. I approach the task with diHidence : fcjr no satis- factory account of this Province at that time has as yet been publislied. Haliburton's History is only brought down to tiie year 17().'J ; after that, as he him.self writes, '• the uniform trani[uility and repose " of tlie Province, " affords no material for an historical narrative." Murdoch has with his accustomed c.ire collecteS2, Speaker House of Assembly 17.S9, Attorney (ieneral, 1797. Mendjer of Council, ISO.'xf A dash oi sedition in another section disturlied the closing days of 177(1. On this occa.^ion the j scene was the village of Chester — another offt-lioot \ from New England — the chief offender, tlie Hev. Mr. Seccombe, a now foigotten but formerly famous •Comlenseil fiom Mr. I'. S. Haniilton'a MSS. Ilialorij of Citmhcrhi ml in Ling's ColU't;o Lilinii'y. tl'ro'c. N. S. nut. Sm:, I p 111). A^lA — r i 142 THE DALHOUSIE OAZETTE. 11 I *-«^ New England liiiinoii^t, of wlioni it was proved en artidiivit, tliiil 111' li;i(l iii'.iyt'd ("v tin; siici i'.s8 of the rebels, and liml luuaclied seditious discourses. The year 1"77 thnvncd iiriiid ilifficiiitios upon which I cannot dwell. On Miiy "ith. it, is reported to the Council tliiit the people of Triiro, Ormlov, and Londonderry, with the exception ot'fivopersoiis, had refused to take the oath of alle;.;iance ; wher - upon the Council oidcred that these fi;oo(l Ulst T Protestants should he treated at* Popish reousanrj. The House of .Vasemhly met on June (ith, ar J declined to admit the nicniljers from the Town- ships of Onslc.w and 'I'rnro, resolving unanimousl that the inhaliitants of those places had forfeiteii all title to the privilege of representation, Th^ population of Truro, Onslow and Londonderry in 17()(), was 61M,* and as we have seen of ail those, only five would take the oath of allegiance. Anu at this point one cannot refrain from digressing a moment to mention, as illustrative of what some are pleased to term the " growth " of the annexa- tion sentiment, that almost a century afterwards, when a most iiifliiential Truro merchant contested Colchester County as an Annexationist, he polled only 268 votes. After 1777, I find no traces of open disaffection on the part of the American sympathizers. Pro- bably the majority of the Xova Scotians of that day, composed as that majority was of immigrants from New England, steadfastly throughout the war wished their kinsmen success and at the close rejoiced in the result, liut they never made any positive attempt to aid their struggling brethren, or to follow their example in taking up arms. The repeal of the obnoxious Acts by the Imperial Parliament, and the passage of others fully recog- nizing colonial rights, came too late to have any effect in the thirteen colonies, but had doubtless an influence upon those colonies which had not absolutely renounced their allegiance. But in Nova Scotia, the great deterring power was the arrival and continued presence of the army at Halifax. Others upon the evidence might found another verdict, but so far as I can see, had its coming been delayed much longer, if the leaven of revolt had had more time to spread before the hope of success was removed — the fairest pro- vince in Greater Britain was lost to the British crown. G. P. IME are in r mH I do Mot pretend to know the oii'^in of tliis custom but propalily it lias conus alioiit by liliii.lly fol- lowin;,' tlic plan very properly st'lopted in ex- aniinntions on ^uhjeets wliicli are matters of memory. I wisli to sliosv that in a leyal examin- ation a time '.nit is voiii (so to speak) for inconsistency and repufrnancy. Such a limit may even be placed in a matluMnatieal examina- tion for the (piicknesH with which a person can tliink may be an element. Mut a legal examin- ation is not in our opinion on a par with a mathematical one, for I hmiibiy venture to think ' that in tlie former, if the (piestions set are of the' proper kind, the factor of rapi hours. The tendency of this time limit is to bring a student into a narrow ratlier than a wide manner of studying. It causes him to confine himself almost exclusively to his notes, for he reasons not wiseh' but too well when he says " what is the use in reading out-side the covers of my note- book ? when if I do I will not have sutKcient time to put down what I know : I will confine myself to my not(!s, I will li>arn them oil' Ity rote, and will give back at examination the nnv talent whi('h my master gave me and which I have buried in my note-bo(ik ; what is the >ise of aim- ing to obtain interest when, at the day of reck- oning, time will not given me to coinit it out ?" The tiuie limit cram[)s originality of thought. Law is not a thing to be learned by note like History or Geography, a thorough knowledge of it can only be obtained by the exercise of the reasoning faculties, and I believe that when an exanunalion is set which recpiircs the u,se of such faculties, no time limit shouM lie placed, and for his short and .simple reason that as soon as you place such limit, that minute you create ra|iidity of thought a factor in the examination, which as I have already stated in my opmion it should not be. How can a .student do any original thinking on ;\ ipiestion when there are t';n and it m.„y b(! thirteen otiiers to be answered in a couple of hours. Why he has not even time enough given him to recall so;nething which has slipped his memory, let alone to think out reasons of his own. He has barely sufficient time where- in to write parrut-l'ke the identical reasons which have been given. Iiulependent thought in these circumstances is out of the ipiestion. How often we hear good studont.s and (piick thinkers come out of an exam, saying " The paper was too l(jng for the time!" Where an universal cry of this kind arises something must be wrong. Well, tlum the smart Nttident says the length of the paper is out of proportion to the time, and liow can a proportion be established ^ a propor- tion l)etween the two signifies that sufficient time if given iu which to do the r(.Mpiireil work ; hut as the capacity, the ra[»idity of thought and expression of different persons are various, it, follows that what may be a sulficiisnt time for one might not be so for another, and Iuhici; the only true way is to give each man all the time he wants, that is practically to put no limit to his time. Otherwise you ask a man to answer a nuestion but do not give him sullicieiit time in wliich to do it. You say to him 'There answer that ([uestion ;" but when he attempts to do so you say " Now you must stop ; perhaps you may know more, but I will not give you a chance to |)ut it down, I will mark you on the basis that you have written all you know, altlu)Ugh I know that you liave not." What is th(3 danger to be appnrluuided from giving an unlimited time '. I can see none. Only a certain amount can be written relevant to the matter in hand, anything else is irrelevant and worthless. Why shf)uld not a man who has read widely be alloweil time enough to show his knowledge ? Why should he not get credit f(;r his learning so long as he writes relevant matter? These are ([Uestions which I would like to have answered to see some member of the facidty or some believer in thi-, to my mind, relic of i"i ill- iteral age rise in his place and defend it. Law -SiTDKNT. Halifax, March 4, 1800. >^ , c Alfl, '^ T ^mil^mmmmj^mm^ 144 THE DALHOUSIE GAZETTE Halifa/, N S, April 3rd, 1890. G. W. ScmnMAN, 'iin. J. \V. HltKllALT, 111. A. I). MviUak. !)I. sdltops : W. H. M UIKK, '111. A. li. IIii.i.. It'. I'. W. IIoWAY, liAW. 'IKI. II. ,1. I,!ll(AN. I, AW, 111. manageps : KOlll'.HT OlilKliMlN. ''Ml. .1. I'. AliAMs. \.\\\. '!l-.'. Editing Commlttac : I). (' Ma( KINnisll. A. !•'. M M DclNAT.I). V. Ij. XIooHi:. K. a. '[' Wkhsikh. J. A. MuUl.A.SIIKN. li. II. (il<\IIAM. Tin iiiniiher.i of III f ir congregations. Some years ago, that is to say at the time of Principal Ross' retirement, the Pres- byterians, feeling that Dalhousie had grown beyond its infancy ami the necessity for so much of their care, ami anxious to more liberally provide' for their own institution at Pine Hi'l for Prof. MacMeclian's study of Canada's greatest novelist, once Dalhousie's favorite professor. At anyn-.te the older generations of Dalhousians will hail the work with delight. T'HE Legal Literature of Canada is sluwly growing in volume though yet scanty. Its growth nmst continue to be slow until the Parliament of Canada, acting u^)on the power given them by Section 94, of tlie IJri- tish North America Act, " make pi'ovision for the uniformity of all or any of the laws reliitive to property and civil riglits in Ontario, No\a Scotia and New Brunswick, and of the procedures of all or any of the Courts in those three pru\iuces," and give a wider constituency to the text writer. The latest contribution to this literature is the " Digest of the Criminal Law of Canada," founded by permission, on Sir James Fitz James Stephen's Digest of Criminal Law. Tlie author is Mr. Justice Burbidge of the Exchequer Court,in whom we Dalhousians feel a special interest from the fact that in his Arts Course at Mount Allison, he was a classmate of our own Profs. Weldon and Russel. His woi-k is receiving high enconiums from the law journals and reviews and we hope to see it adopted as a text book in oiu- classes in Crimes — though the students cannot without some reluctance discard " that excellent little book " which has grown so familiar to them. We quote the following notice, written by one of our graduates in law, from the columns of the Critic:— " In givhig us a digest of the Criminal Law of Canada, based upon Sir J. F. Stephen's work of a similar character as applied to the Criminal Law of England, Mr. Justice Burbidge has made a most val- uable addition to the scanty legal literature of Canada, and tliat both teachers and practitioners of the law will be quick to avail themselves of the release from much irksome research which is hero afforded them, goec without saying. A digest is a systematized collection of laws, and only differs from a code in that it lacks legislative sanction and ofHcial promulgation. Only those who are obliged by their calling to ascertain the law by delving and toiling amongst the accumulat- ed statutes and precedents of centuries, can appreciate the value of such a work as the cue under consideration. ■ IHi msssss^ 146 THE DALHOUSIE GAZETTE. •' The arrangeiDGiit of Sir J. F. Stephen's digest has been as closely followed by Judge Burliidgo as circuin- Btanccs would porniit, and upon that head, as well as with regard to sucli portions of his book as literally reproduce the matter of tlie English work, little need bo said. Jt is true that the method adopted by the English author of explaining the law by means of illustrations is open to the logical objection against arguments by example, and it is moreover true that there is a case in the liooks where Lord Coleridge, C. J., shows that the learned Judge Stephen, in one instance at least falls into a veiv obvious fallacy in endeavoring to settle a legal principle upon a dialec- tical basis. (The (|{ueen vs. Aslnvell, 10, Q. !>. D., at p. 221). Yet, in the main, the illustrations in his Digest are sound in principle, and are found to be most helpful to a clear understanding of the law. " A cursory inspection of Judge Burbidge's work is sufficient to show that his labors have been far more comprehensive than thos(! of an editor only. The scheme of his l)igest carries him beyond the limit where the work of the English author furnishes him with a beaten path, and compels him to explore fields of colonial law hitherto untravelled by commentators. It is a signal tribute to Judge Burbridge's learning and research that a thoughtful consideration of those portions of the book which are peculiarly his own impresses one with the conviction that they are com- parable in a high degiee with the matter contained in his English model. This is particularly true of the first chapter of the book, it deals with a subject of paramount importance to the law-student as well as to every practising lawyer in the country, "the Ap- plication of the Criminal Law." This chapter is subdi- vided into two articles treating of (1) the territorial application of the Criminal Law of Canada, and (2) the application of the Criminal Law of England in Canada. Although this chapter compi'ises oidy four and one-half pages of tlu^ book, yet within that limited space may be found in text and foot note an exhaus- tive exposition of all the sources of law relating to crimes and punishments now in force in the several Provinces of the |)ominion whether by importation from the Mother (Jnuitry at the time of coiKjuest or settlement, or liy subsequent Lnperial, Provincial or Federal Parliamentary enactment. This speaks well for the power of condensation of the learned author. " Again, there are instances in aliundance where our <)wn criirdnal staliib' law is wholly dili'erent from that of England, and in dealing with them Judge liurbidge's work is, of course, entirely original, except in point of arrangement which is uniform throughout. The cop- ious foot-notes to the text, piinted in minion, are most useful epitomes of all the important decisions of our courts, bearing uiion the interpretation of the statutes here referred tc, and will be duly appreciated by those who have recourse to them. " Besides these estimable features of the book, wher- ever Judge Burbidge has adopted the text and notes of the English author he h.as added notes of his own, which greatly eidumco the value of the original matter. "The index and tablesof cases and statuteslnne been carefully prepared by Mr. Charles H. Masters, A.s- sistant Reporter of the Supreme Court of Cainida, a gentleman of experience in this department of book- making, and who recently performed a similar service for Jlr, Justice Taschereau in the preparation of the 2nd edition of his well known compilation of tlio Criminal Acts, " Spacehas only permitted us to barely indicate what seemed to us the salient features of a work which we venture to aver has few equals among the publications lieretofore issued by Canadian jurists. By its arrange- ment it is so well qualified for the purpose of the stu- dent that it must certainly become a text-book in our law schools, and it should have a ready sale amongst the profession generally as no library will be complete without so valuable a compendium." ^:yi^^ beliovo .some tlissntisfnction lias Loen '' expressed l>y the law students at the aiTangcmoiit of tiic time table whereby many of the lectures weee given in the evening. OiU" own oinnion is tliat the arrangement was a wise one, Tlie students are tlnis in a position to bo present at many of the sittings of tiio Supreme Court and to listen to the arguments. Until they are in actual practice, the students will perliaps not I'ealize wliat an advantage this is; but when tliat presumably Imppier time comes they will wisli, we imagine, tliat had they on every available opportunity attended the argu- ments. In tliis connection we tliink the studt'uts miglit agitate to liavc a certain section of the Supreme Court rost tiiat the book be prepared in time to send to those coming up for Bursaries or Matri- culation, as .soon as their applications are received. The president would no doubt gladly furnish their names. At lenst a partial list of boarding houses could be prepared, and thus students weuld be able to make ra-rangements for boarding, perhaps before coming to the city, certainly as soon as they arrive. We would also offer some sugges- tions as to the contents of the book, did wo not feel sure that the defects of the first one have b(^en made aj)pareut by a year's experience. Ouii reading room committee have been seriously annoyed all through the ses.sion by S(^me individual taking the magazines from the reading room and not returning them. All these magazines are sold for the benefit of the funds of the reading room, and it is therefore very necessary that they should have all the numbers at the end of the session. We hope that the conscience of the guilty parties will yet assert it.self, and cau.se them to return the numbers they have in their ])ossession. If we succeed in finding out the thief, as we have good hopes of doing, we promise to make an example of him in a manner that he will not care about. Owing to this trouble the committee have lieen considering the advisability of placing all the monthly magazines and the more important weeklies on a special table in the'.library. As it is open from 10 a. m. to 5 p. m., the students would have ample opportunity to read them and there would be the great advantage of having them safe under lock and key during the remainder of the day. Next session it will be necessary to take some such precaution if they meet with the same trouble. Wt; have no desire to enter into a discussion of the action of the Halifax City Council in passing a vote to withdraw the S500, which the city agreed to pay annually to the (.iovernors of the College in re the settlement of the Grand Parade dispute. The matter has already been arsjued before a committee of the Legislature, and if not settled there, it will no doubt be discussed on its merits at the proper time and ])laee. Dalhousie has nothing to fear from a free and fair discussion of the matter. The AlI'MNI. — We have received from the secretary of the Alumni Association a pamphlet containing a " list of persons entitled to become members of the Alumni Association of Dalhousie College and University." The list contains over 1200 names, less than 100 of whom are enrolled as members. These figures seem to show very great lack of inte'rest on the part of grailuates and tV)rmer students of the college. Too many, we fear, foro-ct that the'w Alma Muter has claims upon them for sympathy and support. The list 148 THE DALHOUSIE GAZETTE. has been prepared " to enable the friends of the Association to extend its membership, and it is expected tliat all the friends of the collef^fe will exert themselves to that end." We trust that this year's graduating classes will, without excep- tion, see it to bo their duty to connect themselves with the Association at once. MiDSKs.siON.\Ls. — It is generally known among the students tliat the Faculty lias decided to hold niidsessionals next session, thous:h no official notice has been giveii as yet. In acting upon the suggestions put forward by the Gazette and its correspondents in refei'ence to the matter, we think they ha\e taken a step in the right direction. The plan will conduce to more faith- ful and thorough work, while it adds nothing to the burden of the student. All who know any- thing of students must admit that there is a tendency to " take things easy " uj) to the Xraas, vacation, after whicli all is hurry and bustle in an attempt to \Mxy up for idle and wasted moments. Jt will also do the professors good. They have a tendency, as well as the students, to linger over the work during the early part of the session, and rush over it at a brerdcneck pace during the last four or live -weeks. If the mid.sessionals will lead them to judiciously distri- bute their work over the session, much good will have been accomplished. In taking this step Dal- Itousie is falling in line with many of the most idvanced American colleges. In fact in some, for example Ct)rnell, they have three sets of examinations during the college yea)-, one at the end of each term. At these examinations the students are responsil)le for the work of the term just ending only. This relieves the student of carrying all the miiuite details of seven or eight months' work in his mind, and leaves him free to study the work of each three months term. As our ses.sion is divided into two terms, we can adopt the same principle, making the examina- tions at the close of each term cover that term's work 07ily. We understand too that it is proposed to take class work into cunsideratijn. This will, we believe, meet with the hearty r.pproval of tlie students, but pending a fuller explanation of the system likely to be adopted, we refrain from committing ourselves to an approval of the details, though we have no hesitati(jn in approv- ing of the principle. English. — In affording facilities for the study of English, Dalhousie is second to no Canadian University. We were the first to establish a separ- ate chair in English Language and Literature and up to 1889-90 we alone enjoyed that diatinction. The course in English in the first and second years, adopted by Prof. Alexander, and so far unchanged by his successor is a good one, and while we would not say that it cannot be improved upon, we un- hesitatingly assert that no Canadian University has, as thoroughly a practical course in English, 80 far as it goes. But it does not go far enough. The course should be extended over the third and fourth years and should be placed on a par with Greek and Latin in these year- The latter proposition we do not propose to discuss now, as it is a subject that requires more careful thought than wc are prepared to give it at the present time. The former has already been discussed in in the columns of the Gazette, with the result that the Faculty fell in with our views, and announced in the Calendar of 1888-89 that a third and fourta year class would beheld, in alternate session? " beginning with the session 1889-90." For well known reasons the class was not started at the appointed time. This was quite a disappointment to the present senior class, as many of them were looking forward to this new departure with pleasure. We cannot see that there are now any reasons for not starting it next session, and we hope that the Faculty and Prof. MacMechan will see their way clear to make the session of 1890-91 notable for another important step in the study of the Mother Tongue. A LETTER from a student in reference to the Gown question at convocations has been received. We think it too late in the session to open up a discussion on the subject. THE DALHOUSIE GAZETTE. U!) Ipcrsonals. It is our pleasant Hnty anjuin to congratuliite Murray, B, A., '84, upon another success. Recent advices arc to tlie effect that he has been elected Associate Professor of Mathematics, in the Uni- versity of New York. The Professor we learn is a very old man, too feeble to conduct many classes, and the bulk of the work falls on Murray, who has the reversion of the chair. All the boys who knew him while at Dalhousie, and the boys wliom he taught while Tutor here, join with us in hearty congratuhafioiis. The following is self-explanatory : "I <'Oii<,'iatuIalel),il!iimsie on till' .Tiiiiciiiitiiidit of iim- of its Srailiiatfs .\li'. Daiiii'l A. .Miiivay, to iin Assoc'iatc! I'lofcssor-iliii) in .Matliuniatiu.s, in the rniver.sity of tlic city of New Vorli." Yuiy truly, &c, c:K()R(iK MUXRO. The newly appointed Inspector of Schools, for Lunenburg and Queen's, it almost goes without saying is a Dalliousian. Mcintosh did not remain long enough with us to complete his course, but he stayed long enough to give us a wholesome dread of him in a scrimmage. His career as a teacher has been eminently successfid, and we have no doubt he will [)c equally as successful in his new sphere AVe extend our congratulations. We notice that Armstrong, L. L. !>., '88, has been appointed Registrar of Deeds, for Digby Co. If we are to believe sundry remarks in the daily papers, he is not to retain the position long. We hope every man in Digby, who has a conveyance to make, will make and record it now so that Armstrong may make hay while the sun shines. McNeill, L. L. 15., 'SO, has been made the sub- ject of a leading editorial in the Island Guaulian. It seems he succeeded in securing certain convic- tions under the Scott Act, in the face of difficul- ties ; whereupon tiic Guardian felt called upon to tell its readers about the talented youn" lawyer, who was devoting his marked abilities to the great temperance cause. At last accounts McNeill's modesty hadn't recovered from the shock. Campbell, B. A., '82, is now Dr. Campbell, if you please. Bellevuc let him loose as a full fledged M. D., some time last month, and he has gone to Cape Breton for a while to take Dr. Mc- Kay's place, while that gentleman is leading Her Majesty's loyal opposition. Tutor Campbell al- ways has the best wishes of the boys. Cahan, B. A., '8(), has been nominated as a candidate for the House of Assembly, for Shel- burnc Co., in the Liberal Conservative interest. His party, we notice, don't propose to let Shcl- burne have him all the time, but have sent him to (jruysboroughand elsewhere to address the electors. Woof course can't express an opinion or even a wish on a political matter, but we confess to having a warm spot in otn* bosoms for Cahan. McFarlane, a general student here for some years, now a clergyman in Northern New Bruns- j wick, was married lately in Boston to Miss Caidcr, sister to a well known Dalliousian. We wish the happy couple much joy. Sinclair, an old Dalhousian and a former editor ' of the G.vziiTTH, has been elected Mayor of New Glasgow. We congratulate that thriving town on its selection. i : McLean, L. L. B., {ad eundeiim) '87, and at ' an earlier date a distinguished Arts student, has been chosen as one of the Conservative standard bearers for the County of Lunenburg. If the people of Lunenburg wish to elect a Conservative we can recommend McLean to them. ; Carter, L. L. B, '87, after practising with suc- ! cess in Ilartland, N. B., has resolved to change his " venue " to Andover the shire town of his County. Torcy, B. A. '82, graduated in Medicine from . the University of New York last mcnth. We do not know his present where abouts, but we hope he will not desert Nova Scotia. We notice that Mellish, B. A. '82, Cahan B. A., '86, McDonald B. A. '88, and Robertson B. A. '88' have passed their final examination for the degree of L. L. B. We congraadate them all. 150 THK DALHOLTSIE GAZETTE. Murray, tlio LUc tutor in Classics, has been delighting Halifax and Truro audiences with his lecture " A wife or a library — which i"' Wc are informed he arrived at the conclusion, that a library was a neccs.^ity ; a wife, a luxuiy. Campbell B. Sc. \S;j, graduates in Medicine from jMcGIH this spring. We haven't seen the pass list as yet but wc hazard the assertion that he is not far from the top. Rev. L. II. J(n-dan, B. D., who graduated in Arts at Dalliousie in '7'), has resigned tiiu pas- torate of Erskine Church Montreal, to return, (as he says in his resignation) " to the coveted privileges ot former student ;tor as chief editor. Mr. Jordan has the (Ja/ettk's best wislu's for success in still furtiier fitting himself for his clioscn work. Advices from Cornell inform us that our old friend, A. G. Laird, B. A,, '89, has been distin- guishing himself at tii.it institution. Not intellec- tually this time, but |)liysically, having beaten Cornell's high-kick record by one inch. It does look as if he would yet be able to make a high mark in the world. He came second in the high jump also. Dr. J. G. Schurniaii, Sage Professor of Phil- osophy in Cornell riiiversity, sailed from New York on Saturday, tlic loth ult., on an extended trip to Europe. After landing at Havre he will go to Paris, where he will spend a day, after which he V ill push on to IJome by way of Marseilles, Niece and Genoa, stopping off a day at each [dace. He will likely remain in Kome (ill the hot weather comes on when, he will travel North, spending the greater part of the time in Germany. He will return by way of England, about the lat- ter part of August, or early in September, Prof Seth intends gomg to Cornell, as soon as examinations in his subjects are ended, to take charge of Prof. Schurman's classes. He will likely leave Halifax about the 11th of April. ©allusicneia. (Owing to pressure of class work our funny editors have not been able to attend to their duties as they would wish. Accordingly wo have substi- tuted the following budget of Dalhousie neios, which we he c will be found interesting, especially by old graduates.) Lectures closed on Friday the I28th ult. Scssionals began on Wednesday 2nd inst. The last sessional takes place on Wednesday IGth inst. Results will be made known on Tuesday the 22nd inst. Convocation will be held in the Academy of Music on Thursday the 24th, at o p. m. The graduating classes each number 17. This is the largest class that has ever graduated in Law. Class of '88, (arts) numbered the same as this year's. Fred. J. McLeod and Humphrey Mellish, have been selected as valedictorians in the Arts and Law classes respectively. Hk Pomkij.— Professor— " Who.wrote Caesar's Commentaries." Freshman — " Wliv-er-Kc-Bohn." MlD.'^KS.sioNAL. — The college authorities have decided to hold midsessioual examinations next session, before the Xmas. vacation. M V THE DALHOUSIE GAZETTE. 151 Class Woisk. — It is reported also that some nrrangcmentsi arc likely to bo made in reference to class work. This is a mo\c in the right direction. Professor in Pol. Ec, (speaking animatedly of recent strikes) — " Why, gentlemen, the excite- ment ran a great deal higher than it does in a game of poker," and then, realising the propriety of saying something more, added " or any other game which I don't know anything about." The Y. M. C. A. meetings have been remark- ably well attended all through this session, and not even the near approach of examinations made any appreciable difference. One of tiie most in- teresting features of late, I;as been the reading of letters from otiier College Y. M. C. A's. One came from Lane University, Lecompton, Kansas, which the writer describes as a college of 300 students in a \illagc of 500 inhabitants, leaving us in the dark as to whether the 300 are a part of the 500, Another very interesting and instruc- tive letter from Johns Hopkins was read, the following is a quotation from it. " Althouga an impression to the contrary may perhaps be abroad, the J. n. U. is by no means a Godless institution. Our association has, as compared with other institutions a good percentage of active members, quite a number of whom devote themselves earnest- ly and conscientiously to special work among the students and in the city, and on the whole the moral tone of the institution is good, being perhaps above the average." The closing meeting on Saturday the 2s Cli.'iilottc; UlcXeill, §-2.00; Allifit McNoiJl, T. F. West, Miss Lizzie lle\istis, .Inliu 1). I.ujran, K. S. Cmnp- licll, It, A. Weston, Ueoige ilillai-, Kev. Tliuniiis .Stewait, caeli Si. 00. TO STUDENTS! What do you intend to do during tiie Summer Holidays? IF y.in hnvi' not yet ileeiileil, will ymi take a hint ? We liavo been ailvei tisiii;,' snme time jiast lor I'epreseutative.s to .sell mir iiopiilai' ami l'ast-selliii<; Stiliseii[]tiou IJiniks. Uf eoiir.se wo liave liail liumlreds ut' re[ilies — and many rei|iiests for af,'cnei('s, ic., ami among tliem a large niunber of teaeliers ami students. AVearn imsliiiij; two si'Ki'i.vi. books now : —(1) Dr. Willirow's " Our Own Country Canada," Sienic ami descriptive, a book of tiUS pagis and ;i(iO illustrations, just lately published. [i) " The Beautiful Story,"— a comjianion book to the Bible — 51-1 larijf (]it(u/o pages, and profusely illustrated. You can, if you will, make from ^1.") to !<-M per week easily during the holidays. Write for eireular.s and terms, and figuie it out for yourself. It will pay you to do so. Address, 8. F. HUESTIS, 141 Granville St., Halifax, N. S, « 152 THE DALH0U8IE GAZETTE, 0(JT1NG, GONrENTS, ' APRIU, IS90, "With Wheel niwl (ainera in XuriiiiiiKlv. * lllustml.'il l,v 111.' iiullinr. ./. II'. F.,s,i;d\ Yacht Itaciiiff in <;ieat Britain in 1«S$). lIlu.stlMt.l l.y K. S. Cn/zrlis, /'. (', Sl'iili'lli-ltsl. Duck Shooting in Lake St. Francis. A i;onil n'coMiil "fC niinlini spmt. E. A. I'nidrii, Bird CatcliiiiK in (Jlengariiro, I,iiiiiii<,' Ijinli- in Ireland. 1:^1,, , I !■'. Ifuhh. nieltnn 3f<>\vbra.v. .Vn-liu. Vox luintiiij,' ill till' Knjjlish shiivs. With Kod an«l 111' llic luL,'iiiii'iits, Ciini|p.s ami Ahiini'iivro!., | Athletics at Williams t'ollcge. lUiistratcil IVoin iiliiit"i;i:i['lis. S'liilinni Urov 2\nnnj. Lawn Tennis Seorinf,. | ;[-, 'jjj^i'- The l»e«lestrian Tonr of Mv. Webster. A most iliiinsiiii,' .--tiirv. Cluii'lrs I'lrsmll Sh'TiiiDH. \ Sybarites on tlic Tobi«iue. Cund.'in;,' ami I-'isliini,' ill Xcw l!ruii>wi(k. Churhs G. 1) Unh, .-Is. Amenities. Kditor's Open Window. The Ontin^: (lid). Ainonf; the Jiooks. Our Tlieatricai I'lay^ronnd. NEW YORK: 239 Fifth Ave. $3.00 a year, 25c. a copy. SHOWN snos. & CO., CaiiilSf ORDINANCE SQUARE, H^LiP^^x, isr. s. JAMES BOWES & SONS, pi'intcrs anb ipubUsbcre, 125 HOLLIS STREET, (Adjoiuing the Queen and Halifax Hotels.) Printers of and Dealers in LKCiVL BLANKS. 12 S OPPOSITE ST. PAUL'S CHURCH. SPECIAL DISCOUNT TO STUDENTS. Halifax Medical College. WINTER SESSION "ShTmONTHS, OCTOBER TO APRIL For copies of Annual Announcement and all information, address 3DI3. IjI3SrE)S.A."2", JReg-istrar, 241 Pleasant Street, Halifax. THE STUDENTS' PARADISE I KNOWLES' BOOKSTORE, A. M. HOAKK, Maiiaffor. Corner George and Granville Sts. We arc still taking onlers for- We like t» see yt u uccaHionnlly, however, when yoii don'l want to buy aiiythln(. Call nrotind anr) look up the liooks yon will want for rext year. Oiir Calali>(;iies are uptn to you for nothing, ami we can easily tell you all we knuw about Ijooks. Anyway >.oine in anunctuatlon. Synthesis, FaraphrMlng. Hittoru and Geog- raphy: Outlines of English and Canadian History, and General (reography. *These texttooks are mentioned to indicate in a general way the extent of knowledge required Any further Information required may be obtained on application to the President, Dalhousie College, Halifax, N.8. The New Enamelled Permanent PHOTOGRAPHS I W. D. 0''DON NELL'S, (IS Barrintten 8t.e ®pposlt« St. P«ul*i. MI'KIIAI, I'llICE t.lsl' KOK Sallunuie CoUsg^e, Fi&e Bill and Lais' 00% Studenta. Finest CAIIINKT I'lIOTOH i:i for »l.t>« . ... 7 " i-M " Card i:i " 2.110 " .... 7 •• 1.50 t^ All connected with the CoVege, -Pr<)IV.' 123 GRANVILLE STREET, - - HALIFAX, N. S. KNIGHT & CO., HALIFAX, N. S. We make a specialty of attending to the wants of Students, and keep a well assorted stock of BOOKS AND STATIONERY for Students use. COLLEGE TEXT BOOKS, not on lian.l, oan lie obtained piomptly to order. KNIOHT & CO. i i w i-C'H'.Kir-' iivj BaorvK St Mi»iM. iU>€>f\S <>»• \}.», tviXHS. EXERCISE BOOKS, SCRIBBLINO BOOKS, .ii-d a large nssortuifiit of ST-^'PZOlNTEnE^-V- FCXR. GOLLT±lC3- B X7SE. '7^ less. "FifVJ^/I-i 18S9. St'iirl's ill silU Miiil I'lii-^li. SilU IliiinlKi'i' (•liii'l's, Wliitf iiiHl ( olori'd. SilK iiiMl \l|>in';i I inhi'flliis. I »r«'^>iiit; <;i>\\iis, wirli iinil »xi(li- oiil Slci'\«'-.. Ilnir llox ill ( iisliiiti'r)'. \«'\\ and liililtt'ij \\ mil l ;iihI Mm, ANGOLA & ALL WOOL SHIRTS. - 44 CENTS. ! lDIVK' lll^nv: "-^^ HOLLis ST., lil.l IjVfi; ^»l\u^'^., Qpp Qif, Province; Builclirif s \( UN ii.r.i; Mi;i:i:r. uniiiw.n, p, p. A[\dHlB.'\LD, pr-upi'iiitop. ■■■ TwflvH Eo'Hiis li:iv(! lioen addcil tci iliis flonsy, this Season, r.cwly fmiiifilitHl. iiXMii?c ■|l\ctlrtc^ ,ln^ Jr'lu•!lLM?c^ anew. 'n\!iirTi;i)ii\sTii|rTi,v Ti;\iri:i{\\' i- l';(l\iiri.i:\ -r^ w^ rr ■^-7i^'^ wwwM^vy ' GOOD SAMPLE ROOMS. '#> J^ /^ 'm i^ -^^^ §-§ MX i^ I '-^ -^^^ "^-^ ^^mssrk ■* -^ ' •^^^ • ir.-.in. ,.,i i.-ino i.-r ^ni.l.Mit- ,m,i \!iiii>t.Ts. ^.r v" ill "iiiii I M "I ill ■■,.. . ,ii„ 1 iMiKi; .,1 111 r.-ihi. , Tlip loilfloil Dl''lio' Sff)rf> ' 17 HnllJQ St i!i\ :•;. ..r ihc Hi-.^i i.hiiiinv. \rur-' -ivi,.«. miki i..iui-si I'.-v I ^,«*^!^*-.v, i«^'*^>-^^ au.i III till "rii-'i. 111! ii.iiiuii I iin -lu.u ,,! iirwri.'.- i ^^' __.«s^ -. - ,^ • ^"-^ ■•• \r.-, \\(ii;siKii>. ( i.iiTii--, I wi.Kn.-. MKi.TtiN.-. .V. ., /T' Ji<^r~»-i. Vj-. £L(>-:.. ZHK. ''■-\ .,..« r..tii|iiri,- All .. u.ihi »,i: i.i..,- .Ml! ..I..1 , saiuiiir \- ■ r \ i \^-y'Jmr%m^ ■ - ^I'g/ifr'ty^X 4<« J A IVI S S K . M U N N 1 S, i.-- .iml s('i;i I Ml I- -• - -ii|i|i|ii-.! Ii> H. l.\l IIANCl-., 111! l:ii:::i-li li|,M.-,i 1; .111,- ill 1 \ ■■ 'V lt( liarinii l|i fti l.iii i-r.ui 11 ill. -, i'l.i.ii I--. llilil. llM r\ ii'i'-'. Hmiii. It. iil.^. **' Ii'i.il .iiiil 1','M li.i.i ,i!l,_-,' Kmtii-i- iliiiik- r^l illlOlllTV !• r\ IT.' lll'SCl-ijll i' 11. \ 111' hiiiii--. Mi'liiui'.in I 1 1 .li\, linov i il;. ;iii.I l'„.l<,-l 11 H 1 K - , I'lllSI'^ r. C. ALLEII k COMP'Y, l"i>riiirrl> l!ii.:.li\ iV Ml«'ii. BOOKSLLLLRS 'Siq TIONERS. ol)^\' (opprrpliiic Fliiiirrsiv l:llll)o^^c^^. 124 and 126 Granville St., Halifax. N. S. ■-■■; .,. ..Iiii Vh.il.i^. i|,li r.lli V .illirli . ji .Ti-.il \:ini|y Kir '.\ .ll.iillU, lill'lll- il.r. I ..ilii!- I'M - m ■. U illln;,' II1-U-. W 1 .liiiir Cii-i >. l"l.' iiliii Mhri- I'm I !'. Ili'il ■ .|M->. Mill. 1:11. IK.--. ,Vi-. .J>^