[From the Proceedings op thb American Association for the Advancement OF SCIENCE, Vol. XXXVIII, 1889. AlGONKIN ONOMATOLOGY, with 80MK COMPAIIISONS WITH BASQUE. By Alex. F. CiiAMnKRLAiN, Toronto, Out. [ABSTRACT.] Thk subject of comparative onomatology is of importnnce as an evi- dence of the mental acquirements of tlie races of people compared. It is closely related to history and folk-lore, as both these sciences are called into play in the interpretation of names (here taken in the widest sense). Comparative onomatology, as far as regards our Indian languages, is al- most an unexplored field. There are several groups which afl'ord nn invit- ing harvest, such as the Siouan, Iroquoian, Algonkin, with their numerous dialects. It is with Algonkin, however, that the writer of this paper in- tends to deal, turning to the I'asque at times for useful Illustrations and comparisons. The subject may be divided under several heads, viz. : (1) Names of inanimate objects of nature, earth, sea, sky, sun, moon, stars; as moon, in Cree, tipi8kd,wipisim, in Ojebway tibigisiss^ night sun ; Basque illargi (moon)=light of death. (2) Names of animals, birds, in- sects, fish, etc. : gopher, in Cree, potatchikasew, in Ojebway, potatchipin- gwasi = the thing that blows up loose eartli ; crawfish, in Cree, asakoxo, in Ojebway, ashagashi = the thing tliat moves backward ; whltefish, attikamek {Cree) , atikmneg (Ojebway)=tiic caribou-fish (the caribou of the waters) j swan, in Cree, wd,pmw, Ojebway tca&m = the white (bird); in Basque, sagvzara (bat)==old mouse; weasel, angereder pretty maid; dory (flsh), arraingorri = red flsh. (3) Names of tj:eas, plants, fruits, etc. : sassafras, menaywakomia (Mi8si8sagHa)=scented tree; oak, in Cree, maskwd.Uik= hardwood; a sort of willow, mahiganttttik (Cree)=woirs wood; cran- berry, viaakekomin (Cree), maslikiyemin (Oiebwa.y)=muskegamin (Missis- 8agua)=marsh-frult; strawberrj, otchemin (Cree), othnin (Mississag'ia) od&"»»i« (Ojebway) =heari-fruit; in Basque, oak, act«2;=the hard (stony) wtod ; quince ira-sagar, Ira-appie ; osier, «M»ne=thin, small tree. (4) Names of implements. Instruments, etc. Bend, mariitominia (Mississagua)=mys- tery-t-eed; chisel, eslikon (Mis8i,ssagua)=horn; needle, in Cree sUbonigan, Ojebway s/ia6onif/on=thatwhlcli pierces; in Basque, sling, H6a/iarri=stoue- tliong; axe, aizkora, connected with aite=8tone. (5) Names of seasons, months, etc. : January, 'n Cree, k%sipisim=\X\e great month, in Ojebway, n»a7jiJo-j7isis r= spirit-moon ; May, in Cree, m's^i-pist'm = month of the ou- tarde, in Ojebway, xc&bigoni-gisU^xaoon of flowers; compare in Basque: urtarrilla ( January) =uionth of wateis, or perhaps month of the year == principal niorth (?), osMlla, oataro (May)==month of leaves, time of foli- age. (C) Names of members of the human body, etc. : thumb. In Cree, miiitchich&it, Ojebway, viUchitchinimlj— great flnger, in Basque, beatzlodi, (351) 352 SECTION H. atzlodi (thuinb)=tliick finger. (7) Names of animals, plants, Instruments, materials, ol)jects, etc., of exotic origin: Horse, in Cree, »)us<a^i*»i=blg dog, In Ojebway, p;ipa;'jcojris/u'=the animal with undivided hoof; sheep, in Ojebvvay, manitanis, In Cree, mestjani»=X,\\e animal with the hide that is not durable; carrot, in Ojebway, osaiC<c/»'es=:yellow turnip; looking-glass, In MIssissagua, tt>a6Jmo<c/u'c/ta(/waii=wliere ghosts are seen; shot, in Missls- sagna, s/tts/ti6anMin(;=duck-stoues. (8) Ethnic names, Nehiyawok (Crees) =the true, real, men; Mississagw!i=\,\\ovi<'. whodwell where there are many mouths of rivers; PoJaioatom j=(Ire-makers (let. we are making Are) ; ac- cording to Long the Ojebway call themselves JVeenowesii=they wiio speak a natural language ; compare the Basque euskara=t\\Q Basque language, euskaldun^a. Basque (euskara, according to Humboldt=the language par excellence). (9) Personal names : Ofirima/H"Hesft=chief-blrd, Asaiobanung =stars in a cluster, names of Mlsslssaguas at Scugog ; in Basque, Echeherri =new house, JFc/je5farrti/=excellent house. (10) Words of onomatopoeic origin: in Cree, we^weit (goose), oAas!'o (crovr) , k&kMiw (raven), kokus (hog), sisib (duck), in Cjebway, toewe (goose), shishib (duck), kakaki (raven), kokosh (hog). In Basque, kakaraz, clucking of hens, irhinziri= neighing of horses. (11) Words (apparently radical) of which the etymo- logical significations are not apparent : (bear) (bee) (blueberry) (earth) Ojebway, mukwa, amo, miii, aki, Cree, maskioa, &mow, min, askiy, In Basque ; toad, abo ; flsh, arrnt; head, buru; ego, wing; gau (night) ; ibai, river. (12) AVords denoting abstract Ideas often of recent origin. Many of the words to be considered Involve questions of history {e.g., the names given by the Algonklns to the English, French, Americans, etc.) or of folk-lore (e. g., the names of the rainbow, milky way, etc., and some names of animals, etc., as the raccoon) and are of the greatest value in the study of the development of aboriginal Ideas. (mooae) (porcupine) mons, kak, monswa. ktikwa. The two brothers : a Mississagua lbqend. By A. F. Chaiviberlaik, Toronto, Ont. [ABSTUACT.] The writer related a legend dictated to him, both 'n Indian and English, by an aged Mississagua woman at Scugog Island. The tale, which is a very old one, is peculiar on account of the variety of incident and actions performed by the hero Assemoka (the tobacco-maker). Assemoka and his brother camped together long ago, and the former made up Ills mind to travel into tlie world. So at length he set out and after l)eing metamor- phosed into a tree, and a stick in the river (by his own volition), from which ANTHROPOLOGY. 353 positions he is rescued by his brother, he tnivels (after the latter has de- clared he will help him no more) until he comes to a village in which all the people except a boy and a girl are dead. Assemoka rtnds out that they have been killed by a bad old woman who set them to fetch the wliite loon that dwells in the middle of the sea, a task they failed to accomplish. Asse- moka obtains the white loon for the children and tells them to ask the old woman to get the chipmunk's horn ; this she fails to do and Assemoka kills her. He then makes a little bow and arrows for the boy, and tells hhn to shoot up into the air three times which he does, and at the third time the people rise from the dead. SALEM PRESS PUBLlSHINa AND FRIMTIKG CO.